JtitiiiniwwrtiiiaMi Willi ■■'! CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library F 532H9 H67 + History of Huntington County, Indiana : 3 1924 028 803 173 olin Overs Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028803173 HISTORY HUNTINGTON COUNTY, INDIANA. FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, NOTES, ETC., TOGETHER WITH A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST, THE INDIANA TERRITORY, AND THE STATE OF INDIANA. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO : Brant & Fuller. 1887. ^H DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY, MADISON, WIS. 3u:i^d PREFACE. AFTER several months of almost uninterrupted labor, the History of Huntington County is completed. In issuing it to our patrons we do not claim for it perfection; but that it contains that reasonable degree of accuracy which only could be expected of us, is confidently asserted. The difficulties} that sur- round such an undertaking can scarcely be realized by one who has never engaged in work of the kind. To reconcile the doubt- ful and often conflicting statements that are so frequently made by those who would seem to be best informed, is a task both per- plexing and tedious. Yet we believe that we have been able to present a "history of the county that is as nearly complete as reason can demand, and the book exceeds our promises in almost every particular. We have endeavored to set forth the facts in as concise and unostentatious language as possible, believing it is for the facts and not for rhetorical display that the book is de- sired. The mechanical execution and general appearance of the volume will recommend it, even to the fastidious. The arrange- ment of the matter is such as to render an index almost super- fluous, as the subject under consideration is at the top of every right-hand page. For further details the italic subdivisions will enable the reader to refer with readiness to any topic. In the spelUng of proper names there is such a wide difference, even among members of the same family, and is a matter of so arbi- trary a nature, that our only guide was each man's desire. Every clew that gave promise of important facts connected with the county's history has been investigated by those engaged in the work. We believe the volume will be favorably received and highly appreciated by those for whom it was prepared. Our thanks are due to those who have rendered us assistance and to our patrons. THE PUBLISHERS. Chicago, III., June, 1887. • 1 ,. _ O' CONTENTS. PAET I-HISTOET OF IS'DIAIS'A. CHAPTER I. PAGE. Prehistoric Races 17 Antiquities 19 Chinese, The 18 Discovery by Columbus 33 Explorations by the Whites 37 Indians, The 31 Immigration, The First 18 Immigration, The Second 20 Pyramids, etc.. The 21 Relics of the Mound-Builders 23 Savage Customs 34 Tartars, The 23 "Vincennes 39 Wabash River, The 39 White Men, The First 37 CHAPTER II. National Policies, etc 41 American Policy, The 46 Atrocity of the Savages 47 Burning of Hinton 48 British Policy^ The 46 Clark's Expedition 52 French Scheme, The 41 Gilbault, Father 65 Government of the Northwest 07 Hamilton's Career 64 Liquor and Gaming Laws 74 Missionaries, The Catholic '. 42 Ordinance of 1787 ;. 70 Pontiac's War 46 Ruse Against the Indians 64 Vigo, Francis 6 CHAPTER III. Operations Against THE Indians 75 Battle at Peoria Lake 104 Campaign of Harrison 92 Cession Treaties 93 Defeat of St. Clair 79 Defensive Operations 76 Expedition of Harmer 75 Expedition of Wayne 79 Expedition of St. Clair 78 Expedition of Williamson 78 Fort Miami, Battle of 80 Harrison and the Indians 87 Hopkins' Campaign 105 Kickapoo Town, Burning of. ,- - 78 Maumee, Battle of. 75 Massacre at Pigeon Roost 103 Mississinewa Town, Battle at 106 Oratory, Tecumseh's 114 Prophet Town, Destruction of 100 Peace with the Indians 106 Siege of Fort Wayne 101 Siege of Fort Harrison 103 Tecumseh Ill Tippecanoe, Battle of. 98 War of 1812 101 War of 1812, Qoseofthe 108 CHAPTER IV, Organization of Indiana Territory 82 Bank, Establishment of. 120 Courts, Formation of. 120 County Offices, Appointment of. 119 Corydon,the Capital 117 Gov. Posey 117 Indiana in 1810 84 Population in 1815 118 Territorial Legislature, The First 84 West&m Sun, The 84 CHAPTER V. page. Organization of the State, etc ]2i Amendment, The Fifteenth 147 Black Hawk War 126 Constitution, Formation of the 121 Campaigns Against the Indians 128 JJefeatof BlackHawk 130 Exodus of the Indians 131 General Assembly, The First 122 Guadalupe-Hidalgo^ Treaty of. 142 Harmony Community 134 Indian Titles 132 Immigration 125 Lafayette, Action at 127 Land Sales 133 Mexican War, The 136 Slavery 144 CHAPTER VI. Indiana IN the Rebellion 148 Batteries of Light Infantry 182 Battle Record of States 188 Call to Arras, The 149 Colored Troops of Indiana 182 Calls of 1864 177 Field, In the 152 Independent Cavalry Regiment 181 Morgan's Raid 170 Minute-Men 171) One Hundred Days' Men 176 Regiments, Formation of 161 Regiments, Sketch of 153 Six Months' Regiments 172 CHAPTER VIL State Affairs After the Rebellion 189 Agriculture 209 Coal 207 Pivorce Laws 193 Finances 194 Geology 205 Internal Improvements 199 Indiana Horticultural Society 212 Indiana Promological Society 213 Special Laws 190 State Bank 196 State Board of Agriculture 209 State Expositions 210 Wealth and Progress 197 CHAPTER Vni. Education and Benevolence 215 Blind Institute, The 232 City School System 218 Compensation of Teaches 220 Denominational and FrW^ate Institutions.... 230 Deaf and Dumb Institute 236 Education , 265 Enumeration of Scholars 219 Family Worship 252 FreeSchool System, The 215 Funds, Management of the 217 Female Prison and Reformatory 241 Houseof Refuge, The 243 Insane Hospital, The 238 Northern Indiana Normal School 229 Origin of School Funds 221 Purdue University 224 School Statistics 218 State University, The 222 State Normal School 228 State Prison, South! 239 State Prison, North' 240 Total School Funds 220 Vlll CONTENTS. PAET II.— HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. CHAFTEE I. Geolosy— General Features— The Original Wabash —Sections at Marble and War- ren — Lime and its Analysis — Deposits at Andrews— Oil Well at Silver Creek— The Glacial Drift, etc 307 CHAPTER n. Indian History— The Quaker Missionaries — Early Indian Tribes — Miami Chiefs- Early Reminiscences— An Adoption Dance — Superstitions — Prehistoric tl5 CHAPTER III. County Organization— Act of the Legisla- ture—Early Acts of the County Board- Building of the County Jail— The Court House— The Poor Farm- Bridges, Roads, etc.— County Finances— Medical Society —County Officers- Early Land Entries —Elections— Agricultural Society, etc.. 321 CHAPTER IV. Military History — Huntington County Prior to 1860— Opening of the Rebellion —Public Sentiment^Call for Troops- Active Volunteering — First Company for the War— Other Volunteering— Pub- lic Spirit in 1862— Companies from this County— The Drafts— Men Furnished by the County— Roll of Honor— Bounty and Relief 342 CHAPTER V. Bench and Bar — Early Courts — Early Judges— Riding the Circuit^Early Trials — A Negligent Clerk— First Murder Trial — Courts under the New Constitution- Later Judges — Important Trials— The Bar— Roll (pf Attorneys— Probate and Common Pleas Courts — Resident Attor- neys, etc 371 CHAPTER VI. Schools— First Teachers— Early Schools- School Houses of Early Days— Town- ship Schools- General Matters— School Examiners and County Superintendents —Public Schools of Huntington City 387 CHAPTER VIL City of HuNTiNGTON--The Red flan's R«- vnrt The Helvey Brothers— Otlier J!.any Comers-Gen. John fip^n - Secunng the County Seat— Early Records-!? irst BilcKon-Early Trade and Comme^rce- Some of the Old Settlers— ^^ abash & Ene S-Indian Agency-Inoprporation^ List of ofBcers-Changes in the Busi- ness center - Additions -The Cholera Scourge-Churches of the Town-Secret Societtes-The Pre^-Banks-Mamifac- turing and Other Industries -Fire De- partment^Gold and Natural Gas Ex- citements— Commg of the Railroad 401 Clear Creek Township History. 563 Clear Creek Township Biographies 5bS Dallas Township History... bUl Dallas Township Biographies bl& Huntington Township History 4U1 Huntington Township Biographies 441 Jackson Township History b35 Jackson Township Biographies bSl Jefferson Township History 668 Jefferson Township Biographies BTS Lancaster Township History 690 Lancaster Township Biographies ra9 Polk Township History 728 Polk Township Biographies 736 Rock Creek Township History 747 Rock Creek Township Biographies 756 Salamonie Township History 791 Salamonie Township Biographies 801 Union Township History 846 Union Township Biographies 851 Warren Township History 859 Warren Township Biographies 863 Wayne Township History 871 Wayne Township Biographies 876 ILLUSTRATIONS. Ayres, Edwin B 571 Branyan, James C 409 Briant, C. E . 55S Brookover, A. G Facing 864 Chenoweth, G. P 679 Day, S. F 625 Gemmill, Henry C 769 Grayston, F. S. C 46S Lee, Ezra T 828 Mohler, A. D 517 Slack, James R 355 Way, S. C 733 HISTORY OF INDIANA. FORMEE OCCUPANTS. PEEHISTOEIC EACES. Scientists have ascribed to the Mound Builders varied origins and though their divergence of opinion may for a time seem incom- patible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the compar- ative accuracy of conclusions arrived at by some of them. Like the vexed question of the Pillar Towers of Ireland, it has caused much speculation, and elicited the opinions of so many learned antiquarians, ethnologists and travelers, that it will not be found beyond the range of possibility to make deductions that may suffice to solve the problem who were the prehistoric settlers of America. To achieve this it will not be necessary to go beyond the period over which Scripture history extends, or to indulge in those airy flights of imagination so sadly identified with occasional writers of even the Christian school, and all the accepted literary exponent's of modern paganism. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation, instituted under the auspices of modern civilization, confirms the fact and leaves no channel open through which the skeptic can escape the thorough refutation of his opinions. China, with its numerous living testi- monials of antiquity, with its ancient, though limited literature and its Babelish superstitions, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; but although its continuity may be denied with every just reason, there is nothing to prevent the transmission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656 anno Tnundi, since many traces of its early settlement survived the Deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. This very sur- vival of a record, such as that of which the Chinese boast, is not at variance with the designs of a God who made and ruled the universe ; but that an antediluvian people inhabited this continent, 18 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. will not be claimed; because it is not probable, though it may be possible, that a settlement in a land which may be considered a portion of the Asiatic continent, was eflFected by the immediate followers of the first progenitors of the human race. Therefore, on entering the study of the ancient people who raised these tumu- lus monuments over large tracts of the country, it will be just sufficient to wander back to that time when the flood-gates ot heaven were swung open to hurl destruction on a wicked world; and in doing so the inquiry must be based on legendary, or rather upon many circumstantial evidences; for, so far as written narra- tive extends, there is nothing to show that a movement of people too far east resulted in a Western settlement. THE FIEST IMMIGKATION. The first and most probable sources in which the origin of the Builders must be sought, are those countries lying along the east- ern coast of Asia, which doubtless at that time stretched far beyond its present limits, and presented a continuous shore from Lopatka to Point Cambodia, holding a population comparatively civilized, and all professing some elementary form of the Boodhism of later days. Those peoples, like the Chinese of the present, were bound to live at home, and probably observed that law until after the con- fusion of languages and the dispersion of the builders of Babel in 1757, A. M. ; .but subsequently, within the following century, the old Mongolians, like the new, crossed the great ocean in the very paths taken by the present representatives of the race, arrived on the same shores, which now extend a very questionable hospitality to them, and entered at once upon the colonization of the country south and east, while the Caucasian race engaged in a similar move- ment of exploration and colonization over what may be justly termed the western extension of Asia, and both peoples growing, stalwart under the change, attained a moral and physical eminence to which they never could lay claim under the tropical sun which shed its beams upon the cradle of the human race. That mysterious people who, like the Brahmins of to-day, wor- shiped some transitory deity, and in after years, evidently embraced the idealization of Boodhism, as preached in Mongolia early in the 35th century of the world, together with acquiring the learning of the Confucian and Pythagorean schools of the same period, spread all over the land, and in their numerous settlements erected these rathe, or mounds, and sacrificial altars whereon they received their HISTORY OF INDIANA.. 19 periodical visiting gods, surrendered their bodies to natural absorp- tion or annihilation, and watched tor the return of some transmi- grated soul, the while adoring the universe, which with all beings they believed would be eternally existent. They possessed religious orders corresponding in external show at least with the Essenes or Theraputse of the pre-Christian and Christian epochs, and to the reformed Theraputte or monks of the present. Every mementO' of their coming and their stay which has descended to us is an evi- dence of their civilized condition. The free copper found within the tumuli; the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper-mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels, and hammer-heads, discovered by the Erench explorers of the Northwest and the Mississippi, are conclu- sive proofs that those prehistoric people were highly civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the Missis- sippi valley, while yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent as it were against sup- posed invasions of the Tower Builders who went west from Babel; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an integral portion of this continent, long years before the European Northman dreamed of setting forth to the discovery of Greenland and the northern isles, and certainly at a time when all that portion of America north of latitude 45" was an ice-incumbered waste. Within the last few years great advances have been made toward the discovery of antiquities whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many small, but telling relics of the early inhabitants of the country, the fossils of pre- historic animals have been unearthed from end to end of the land, and in districts, too, long pronounced by geologists of some repute to be without even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age about which so very little is known, are twenty-five vertebrae averaging thirteen inches in diameter, and three vertebrse ossified together measure nine cubical feet; a thigh-bone five feet long by twenty-eight, by twelve inches in diameter, and the shaft fourteen by eight inches thick, the entire lot weighing 600 lbs. These fossils are presumed to belong to the cretaceous period, when the Dinosaur roamed over the country from East to "West, desolating the villages of the people. This animal is said to have been sixty feet long, and when feeding in cypress and palm forests, to extend himself eighty-five feet, eo that he may 20 HrSTOET OF INDIANA. devour the budding tops of those great trees. Other efforts in this direction may lead to great results, and culminate probably m the discovery of a tablet engraven by some learned Mound Builder, describing in the ancient hieroglyphics of China all these men and beasts whose history excites so much speculation. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians might lead us to hope for such a consummation; nor is it beyond the range of probabihty, particularly in this practical age, to find the future labors of some industrious antiquarian requited by the upheaval of a tablet, written in the Tartar characters of 1700 years ago, bearing on a subject which can now be treated only on a purely circumstantial basis. THE SECOND IMMIGRATION may have begun a few centuries prior to the Christian era, and unlike the former expedition or expeditions, to have traversed north- eastern Asia to its Arctic confines, and then east to the narrow channel now known as Behring's Straits, which they crossed, and sailing up the unchanging Yukon, settled under the shadow of Mount St. Elias for many years, and pushing South commingled with their countrymen, soon acquiring the characteristics of the descendants of the first colonists. Chinese chronicles tell of such a people, who went North and were never heard of more. Circum- stances conspire to render that particular colony the carriers of a new religious faith and of an alphabetic system of a representative character to the old colonists, and they, doubtless, exercised a most beneficial influence in other respects ; because the influx of immi- grants of such culture as were the Chinese, even of that remote period, must necessarily bear very favorable results, not only in bringing in reports of their travels, but also accounts from the fatherland bearing on the latest events. With the idea of a second and important exodus there are many theorists united, one of whom saj-s: "It is now the generally received opinion that the first inhabitants of America passed over from Asia through these straits. The number of small islands lying between both continents renders this opinion still more probable; and it is yet further confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in the physical conformation of the northern natives of both continents. The Esquimaux of North America, the Samoieds of Asia, and the Laplanders of Europe, are supposed to be of the same family ; and this supposition is strengthened by the affinity which exists in their languages. The researches of Hum- HISTORY OF INDIANA. 21 boldt have traced the Mexicans to the vicinity of Behring's Straits; whence it is conjectured that they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came originally from Asia, and were the Hiongnoos, who are, in the Chinese annals, said to have emigrated under Puno, and to have been lost in the North of Siberia." Since this theory is accepted by most antiquaries, there is every reason to believe that from the discovery of what may be called an overland route to what was then considered an eastern extension of that country which is now known as the " Celestial Empire," many caravans of emigrants passed to their new homes in the land of illimitable possibilities until the way became a well-marked trail over which the Asiatic might travel forward, and having once entered the Elysian fields never entertained an idea of returning. Thus from generation to generation the tide of imtaigration poured in until the slopes of the Pacific and the banks of the great inland rivers became hives of busy industry. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of the tribal leaders and populous settlements centered with happy villages sprung up everywhere in manifestation of the power and wealth and knowl- edge of the people. The colonizing Caucasian of the historic period walked over this great country on the very ruins of a civil- ization which a thousand years before eclipsed all that of which he could boast. He walked through the wilderness of the West over buried treasures hidden under the accumulated growth of nature, nor rested until he saw, with great surprise, the remains of ancient pyramids and temples and cities, larger and evidently more beauti- ful than ancient Egypt could bring forth after its long years of uninterrupted history. The pyramids resemble those of Egypt in exterior form, and in some instances are of larger dimensions. The pyramid of Cholula is square, having each side of its base 1,335 feet in length, and its height about 172 feet. Another pyramid) situated in the north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly-polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hiero- glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. Each side of its square base is 82 feet in length, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet in height. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the river Gila, are spread over more than a square league. Their literature consisted of hieroglyphics; but their arithmetical knowledge did not extend farther than their calculations by the aid of grains of corn. Tet, 22 HISTORY OF INDIANA. notwithstanding all their varied accomplishments, and they were evidently many, their notions of religious duty led to a most demo- niac zeal at once barbarously savage and ferociously cruel. Each visiting, god instead of bringing new life to the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols, exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happiness, until, as some learned and humane Monte- zumian said, the people never approached these idols without fear, and this fear was the great animating principle, the great religions motive power which sustained the terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacri- ficed in honor of the demons whom they worshiped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a bloody sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the dead bodies. It has been ascer- tained that during the ceremonies attendant on the consecration of two of their temples, the number of prisoners offered up in sacri- fice was 12,210; while their own legions contributed voluntary victims to the terrible belief in large numbers. Nor did this horrible custom cease immediately after 1521, when Cortez entered the imperial city of the Montezumas; for, on being driven from it, all his troops who fell into the hands of the native soldiers were subjected to the most terrible and prolonged suffering that could be experienced in this world, and when about to yield up that spirit which is indestructible, were offered in sacrifice, their hearts and heads consecrated, and the victors allowed to feast on the yet warm flesh. A reference is made here to the period when the Montezumas ruled over Mexico, simply to gain a better idea of the hideous idolatry which took the place of the old Boodhism of the Mound Builders, and doubtless helped in a great measure to give victory to the new comers, even as the tenets of Mahoraetanism urged the ignorant followers of the prophet to the conquest of great nations. It was not the faith of the people who built the mounds and the pyramids and the temples, and who, 200 years before the Christian era, built the great wall of jealous China. No: rather was it that terrible faith born of the Tartar victory, which carried the great defenses of China at the point of the javelin and hatchet, who afterward marched to the very walls of Rome, under Alaric, and HISTORY OF INDIANA. 23 spread over the islands of Polynesia to the Pacific slopes of South America. THE TAETAKS came there, and, like the pure Mongols of Mexico and the Missis- sippi valley, rose to a state of civilization bordering on that attained by them. Here for centuries the sons of the fierce Tartar race con- tinued to dwell in comparative peace until the all-ruling ambition of empire took in the whole country from the Pacific to the Atlan- tic, and peopled the vast territory watered by the Amazon with a race that was destined to conquer all the peoples of the Orient, and only to fall before the march of the arch-civilizing Caucasian. In course of time those fierce Tartars pushed their settlements northward, and ultimately entered the territories of the Mound Builders, putting to death all who fell within their reach, and causing the survivors of the death-dealing invasion to seek a refuge from the hordes of this semi-barbarous people in the wilds and fast- nesses of the North and ITorthwest. The beautiful country of the Mound Builders was now in the hands of savage invaders, the quiet, industrious people who raised the temples and pyramids were gone; and the wealth of intelligence and industry, accumulating for ages, passed into the possession of a rapacious horde, who could admire it only so far as it ofi'ered objects for plunder. Even in this the invaders were satisfied, and then having arrived at the height of their ambition, rested on their swords and entered upon the luxury and ease in the enjoyment of which they were found when the van- guard of European civilization appeared upon the scene. Mean- time the southern countries which those adventurers abandoned after having completed their conquests in the North, were soon peopled by hundreds of people, always moving from island to island and ultimately halting amid the ruins of villages deserted by those who, as legends tell, had passed eastward but never returned; and it would scarcely be a matter for surprise if those emigrants were found to be the progenitors of that race found by the Spaniards in 1532, and identical with the Araucanians, Quenches and Huil- tiches of to-day. EELICS OF THE MOUND BUILDERS. One of the most brilliant and impartial histo.rians of the Republic stated that the valley of the Mississippi contained no monuments. So far as the word is entertained now, he was literally correct, but 24 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. in some hasty effort neglected to qualify his sentence by a refer- ence to the numerous relics of antiquity to be found throughout its length and breadth, and so exposed his chapters to criticism. The valley of the Father of Waters, and indeed the country from the trap rocks of the Great Lakes southeast to the Gulf and south- west to Mexico, abound in tell-tale monuments of a race of people much farther advanced in civilization than the Montezumas of the sixteenth century. The remains of walls and fortifications found in Kentucky and Indiana, the earthworks of Yincennes and throughout the valley of the "Wabash, the mounds scattered over Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Virginia, and those found in Illi- nois, "Wisconsin and Minnesota, are all evidences of the univer- sality of the Chinese Mongols and of their advance toward a com- parative knowledge of man and cosmology. At the mouth of Fourteen-Mile creek, in Clark county, Indiana, there stands one of these old monuments known as the "Stone Fort." It is an unmistakable heirloom of a great and ancient people, and must have formed one of their most important posts. The State Geolo- gist's report, filed among the records of the State and furnished by Prof. Cox, says: "At the mouth of Fourteen-Mile creek, and about three miles from Charleston, the county-seat of Clark county, there is one of the most remarkable stone fortifications which has ever come under my notice. Accompanied by my assistant, Mr. Borden, and a number of citizens of Charleston, I visited the 'Stone Fort' for the purpose of making an examination of it. The locality selected for this fort presents many natural advantages for making it impregnable to the opposing forces of prehistoric times. It occupies the point of an elevated narrow ridge which faces the Ohio river on the east and is bordered by Fourteen-Mile creek on the west side. This creek empties into tlie Ohio a short distance below the fort. The top of the ridge is pear-shaped, with the part answering to the neck at the north end. This part is not over twenty feet wide, and is protected by precipitous natural walls of stone. It is 280 feet above the level of the Ohio river, and the slope is very gradual to the south. At the upper field it is 24.0 feet high and one hundred steps wide. At the lower timber it is 120 feet high. The bottom land at the foot of the south end is sixty feet above the river. Along the greater part of the Ohio river front there is an abrupt escarpment rock, entirely too steep to be scaled, and a similar natural barrier exists along a portion of the northwest side of the ridge, facing the creek. This natural wall HISTOET OF INDIANA. 27 is joined to the neck of an artificial wall, made by piling up, mason fashion but without mortar, loose stone, which had evidently been pried up from the carboniferous layers of rock. This made wall, at this point, is about 150 feet long. It is built along the slope of the hill and had an elevation of about 75 feet above its base, the upper ten feet being vertical. The inside of the wall is protected by a ditch. The remainder of the hill is protected by an artificial stone wall, built in the same manner, but not more than ten feet high. The elevation of the side wall above the creek bottom is 80 feet. Within the artificial walls is a string of mounds which rise to the height of the wall, and are protected from the washing of the hill- sides by a ditch 20 feet wide and four feet deep. The position of the artificial walls, natural cliffs of bedded stone, as well as that of the ditch and mounds, are well illustrated. The top of the enclosed ridge embraces ten or twelve acres, and there are as many as five mounds that can be recognized on the flat surface, while no doubt many others existed which have been obliterated by time, and though the agency of man in his efforts to cultivate a portion of the ground. A trench was cut into one of these mounds in search of relics. A few fragments of charcoal and decomposed bones, and a large irregular, diamond-shaped boulder, with a small circular indentation near the middle of the upper part, that was worn quite smooth by the use to which it had been put, and the small pieces of fossil coral, comprised all the articles of note which were revealed by the excavation. The earth of which the mound is made resem- bles that seen on the hillside, and was probably in most part taken from the ditch. The margin next to the ditch was protected by slabs of stone set on edge, and leaning at an angle corresponding to the slope of the mound. This stone shield was two and one-half feet wide and one foot high. At intervals along the great ditch there are channels formed between the mounds that probably served to carry off the surplus water through openings in the outer wall. On the top of the enclosed ridge, and near its narrowest part, there is one mound much larger than any of the others, and so situated as to command an extensive view up and down the Ohio river, as well as affording an unobstructed view east and west. This is designated as ' Look-out Mound.' There is near it a slight break in the cliff of rock, which furnished a narrow passage way to the Ohio river. Though the locality afforded many natural advantages for a fort or stronghold, one is compelled to admit that much skill was displayed and labor expended in making its defense as perfect as possible at 28 HISTOKY OF, INDIANA. all points. Stone axes, pestles, arrow-heads, spear-points, totums, charms and flint flakes have been found in great abundance m plowing the field at the foot of the old fort." From the " Stone Fort " the Professor turns his steps to Fosey county, at a point on the Wabash, ten miles above the mouth, called "Bone Bank," on account of the number ot human bones continually washed out from the river bank. " It is," he states "situated in a bend on the left bank of the river; and the ground is about ten feet above high-water mark, being tlie only lana along this portion of the river that is not submerged in seasons of high water. The bank slopes gradually back from the river to a slough. This slough now seldom contains water, but no doubt at one time it was an arm of the Wabash river, which flowed around the Bone Bank and aiforded protection to the island home of the Mound Builders. The Wabash has been changing its bed for many years, leaving a broad extent of newly made land on the right shore, and gradually making inroads on the left shore by cutting away the Bone Bank. The stages of growth of land on the right bank of the river are well defined by the cotton wood trees, which increase in size as you go back from the river. Unless there is a change in the cur- rent of the river, all trace of the Bone Bank will be obliterated. Already within the memory of the white inhabitants, the bank has been removed to the width of several hundred yards. As the bank is cut by the current of the river it loses its support, and when the water sinks it tumbles over, carrying with it the bones of the Mound Builders and the cherished articles buried with them. No locality in the country furnishes a greater number and variety of relics than this. It has proved especially rich in pottery of quaint design and skillful workmanship. I have a number of jugs- and pots and a cup found at the Bone Bank. This kind of work has been very abuadant, and is still found la such quantities that we are led to conclude that its manufacture formed a leading indus- try of the inhabitants of the Bone Bank. It is not in Europe alone that we find a well-founded claim of high antiquity for the art of making hard and' durable stone by a mixture of clay, lime, sand and stone; for I am convinced that this art was possessed by a race of people who inhabited this continent at a period so remote that neither tradition nor history can furnish any account of them. They belonged to the Neolithic, or polished-stone, age. They lived in towns and built mounds for sepulture and worship and pro- tected their homes by surrounding them with walls of earth and HISTlIKV of INDIANA. 29 stone. In some of these mounds s;iecimons of various kinds of pottery, in a perfect state of preservation, have from time to time been found, and fracfraents are so common that every student of areliteokigy can have a bountiful supply. Some of these fragments indicate vessels of very great size. At the Saline springs of Gal- latin I picked up fragments that indicated, by their curvature, ves- sels five to si.K feet in diameter, and it is probable they are frag- ments of artificial stone pans used to hold brine that was manufac- tured into salt by solar evaporation. '■ Xow, all the pottery belonging to the Mound Builders' age, ■which I have seen, is composed of alluvial clay and sand, or a mix- ture of the former with pulverized fresh-water shells. A paste made of such a mixture possesses, in high degree, the jtroperties of hydraulic Puzzuoland and Portland cement, so that vessels formed of it hardened without being burned, as is customary with modern pottery." The Professor deals very aptly with this industry of the aborig- ines, and concludes a very able disquisition on the Bone Bank in its relation to the prehistoric builders. UIEROGLYPUICS OF THE JIOUND-BUILDERS. The oreat circular redoubt or earth-work found two miles west ot the village of New Washington, and the " Stone Fort," on a ridge one mile west of the village of Deputy, offer a subject for the anti- quarian as deeply interesting as any of the monuments of a decayed empire so far discovered. 30 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. From end to end of Indiana there are to be found many other rel- ics of the obscure past. Some of them have been unearthed and now appear among the collected antiquities at Indianapolis. The highly finished sandstone pipe, the copper ax, stone axes, flint arrow-heads and magnetic plummets found a few years ago beneath the soil ot Cut-Off Island near New Harmony, together with the pipes ot rare workmanship and undoubted age, unearthed near Covington, a 1 live as it were in testimony of their owner's and maker's excel- lence, and hold a share in the evidence of the partial annihilation of a race, with the complete disruption of its manners, customs and industries; and it is possible that when numbers of these relics are placed together, a key to the phonetic or rather hieroglyphic system of that remote period might be evolved. It may be asked what these hieroglyphical characters really are„ Well, they are varied, in form, so much so that the pipes found in the mounds of Indians, each bearing a distinct representation of some animal, may be taken for one species, used to represent the abstract ideas of the Mound Builders. The second form consists of pure hieroglyphics or phonetic characters, in which the sound is represented instead of the object; and the third, or painted form of the first, conveys to the mind that which is desired to be repre- sented. This form exists among the Cree Indians of the far North- west, at present. They, when departing from their permanent vil- lages for the distant hunting grounds, paint on the barked trees in the neighborhood the figure of a snake or eagle, or perhaps huskey dog; and this animal is supposed to guard the position until the warrior's return, or welcome any friendly tribes that may arrive there in the interim. In the case of the Mound Builders, it is un- likely that this latter extreme was resorted to, for the simple reason that the relics of their occupation are too high in the ways of art to tolerate such a barbarous science of language; but the sculptured pipes and javelins and spear-heads of the Mound Builders may be taken) as a collection of graven images, each conveying a set of ideas easily understood, and perhaps sometimes or more generally used to designate the vocation, name or character of the owner. That the builders possessed an alphabet of a phonetic form, and purely hieroglyphic, can scarcely be questioned; but until one or more of the unearthed tablets, which bore all or even a portion of such characters, are raised from their centuried graves, the mystery which surrounds this people must remain, while we must dwell in a world of mere speculation. HISTOEr OF INDIANA. 31 Vigo, Jasper, Sullivan, Switzerland and Ohio counties can boast of a most liberal endowment in this relation; and when in other days the people will direct a minute inquiry, and penetrate to the very heart of the thousand cones which are scattered throughout the land, they may possibly extract the blood in the shape of metal- lic and porcelain works, with liieroglyphic tablets, while leaving the form of heart and body complete to entertain and delight un- born generations, who in their time will wonder much when they learn that an American people, living toward the close of the 59th century, could possibly indulge in such an anachronism as is im- plied in the term "New World." THE INDIANS. The origin of the Red Men, or American Indians, is a subject which interests as well as instructs. It is a favorite with the eth- nologist, even as it is one of deep concern to the ordinary reader. A review of two works lately published on the origin of the Indians treats the matter in a peculiarly reasonable light. It says: " Kecently a German writer has put forward one theory on the subject, and an English writer has put forward another and directly opposite theory. The difference of opinion concerning our aborig- inals among authors who have made a profound study of races is at once curious and interesting. Blumenbach treats them in his classifications as a distinct variety of the human family; but, in the threefold division of Dr. Latham, they are ranked among the Mon- golidee. Other writers on race regard them as a branch of the great Mongolian family, which at a distant period found its way from Asia to this continent, and remained here for centuries separate from the rest of mankind, passing, meanwhile, through divers phases of barbarism and civilization. Morton, our eminent eth- nologist, and his followers, Nott and Gliddon, claim for our native Red Men an origin as distinct as the flora and fauna of this conti- nent. Prichard, whose views are apt to differ from Morton's, finds reason to believe, on comparing the American tribes together, that they must have formed a separate department of nations from the earliest period of the world. The era of their existence as a distinct and insulated people must probably be dated back to the time which separated into nations the inhabitants of the Old "World, and fave to each its individuality and primitive language. Ur. Robert Irown, the latest authority, attributes, in his ^' Races of Mankind," an Asiatic origin to our aboriginals. He says that the Western In- dians not only personally resemble their nearest neighbors — the Northeastern Asiatics — but they resemble them in language and traditions. The Esquimaux on the American and the Tchuktchis on the Asiatic side understand one another perfectly. Modern an- 32 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. thropologists, indeed, are disposed to think that Japan, theKuriles and neighboring regions, may be regarded as the original ^^oine oi the greater part^of the native American race. It is also admitted by them that betwden the tribes scattered from the Arctic sea to Cape Horn there is more uniformity of physical teatures trian is seen in any other quarter of the globe. The weight of evidence and authority is altogether in favor of the opinion that our so- called Indians are a branch of the Mongolian family, and all aaai- tional researches strengthen the opinion. The tribes ot both INortn and South America are unquestionably homogeneous, and, in all likelihood, had their origin in Asia, though they have been altered and modified by thousands of years of total separation from the parent stock." The conclusions arrived at by the reviewer at that time, though safe, are too general to lead the reader to form any definite idea on the subject. No doubt whatever can exist, when the American In- dian is regarded as of an Asiatic origin; but there is nothing in the works or even in the review, to which these works were subjected, which might account for the vast difference in manner and form between the Red Man, as he is now known, or even as he appeared to Columbus and his successors in the field of discovery, and the comparatively civilized inhabitants of Mexico, as seen in 1521 by Cortez, and of Peru, as witnessed by Pizarro in 1533. The fact is that the pure bred Indian of the present is descended directly from the earliest inhabitants, or in other words from the survivors of that people who, on being driven from their fair possessions, re- tired to the wilderness in sorrow and reared up their children under the saddening influences of their unquenchable griefs, bequeathing them only the habits of the wild, cloud-roofed home of their de- clining years, a sullen silence, and a rude moral code. In after years these wild sons of the forest and prairie grew in numbers and in strength. Some legend told them of their present sufferings, of the station which their fathers once had known, and of the riotous race which now reveled in wealth which should be theirs. The fierce passions of the savage were aroused, and uniting their scat- tered bands marched in silence upon the villages of the Tartars, driving them onward to the capital of their Incas, and consigning their homes to the flames. Once in view of the great city, the hurrying bands halted in surprise; but Tartar cunning took in the situation and ofiFered pledges of amity, which were sacredly ob- served. Henceforth Mexico was open to the Indians, bearing pre- cisely the same relation to them that the Hudson's Bay Company's HISTOEY OF INDIANA. 33 villages do to the Northwestern Indians of the present; obtaining, all, and bestowing very little. The subjection of the Mongolian race represented in North America by that branch of it to which; the Tartars belonged, represented in the Southern portion of the coja- tinent, seems to have taken place some five centuries before the^ advent of the European, while it may be concluded that the war of the races which resulted in reducing the villages erected by the Tartar hordes to ruin took place between one and two hundred ^ears later. These statements, though actually referring to events which in point of time are comparatively modern, can only be sub- stantiated by the facts that, about the periods mentioned the dead bodies of an unknown race of men were washed ashore on the Eu- ropean coasts, while previous to that time there is no account whatever in European annals of even a vestige of trans-Atlantic hu- manity being transferred by ocean currents to the gaze of a won- dering people. Towards the latter half ot the 15th century two dead bodies entirely free from decomposition, and corresponding with the Red Men as they afterward appeared to Columbus, were cast on the shores of the Azores, and confirmed Columbus in his be- lief in the existence of a western world and western people. Storm and flood and disease have created sad havoc in the ranks of the Indian since the occupation of the country by the white man. These natural causes have conspired to decimate the race even more than the. advance of civilization, which seems not to affect it to any material extent. In its maintenance of the same number of rep- resentatives during three centuries, and its existence in the very face of a most unceremonious, and, whenever necessary, criiel con- quest, the grand dispensations of the unseen Ruler of the universe is demonstrated; for, without the aborigines, savage and treach- erous as they were, it is possible that the explorers of former times would have so many natural difficulties to contend with, that their work would be surrendered in despair, and the most fertile regions of the continent saved for the plowshares of generations yet un- born. It is questionable whether we owe the discovery of this con- tinent to the unaided scientific knowledge of Columbus, or to the dead bodies of the two Indians referred to above; nor can their ser- vices to the explorers of ancient and modern times be over-esti- mated. Their existence is embraced in the plan of the Divinity for the government of the world, and it will not form subject for surprise to learn that the same intelligence which sent a thrill of liberty into every corner of the republic, will, in the near future, "34 HISTORY OF INDIANA. devise some method under which the remnant of a great and an- cient race may taste the sweets of public kindness, and feel that, after centuries of turmoil and tyranny, they liave at last found a shelter amid a sympathizing people. Many have looked at the iu- • dian as the pessimist does at all things; they say that he was never formidable until the white man supplied him with the weapons ot .modern warfare; but there is no mention made of his eviction from his retired home, and the little plot of cultivated garden which formed the nucleus of a village that, if fostered instead of being destroyed; might possibly hold an Indian population of some im- portance in the economy of the nation. There is no intention what- • ever to maintain that the occupation of this country by the favored races is wrong even in principle; for where any obstacle to advanc- ing civilization exists, it has to tall to the ground; but it may be ;said, with some truth, that the white man, instead of a policy of ■conciliation formed upon the power of kindness, indulged in bel- ligerency as impolitic as it was unjust. A modern writer says, when speaking of the Indian's character: "He did not exhibit that steady valor and efficient discipline of the American soldier; and to-day on the plains Sheridan's troopers would not hesitate to attack the bravest band, though outnumbered three to one." This piece of information applies to tlie European and African, as well as to the Indian. The American soldier, and particularly the troopers referred to, would not fear or shrink from a very legion ot •demons, even with odds against them. This mode of warfare seems strangely peculiar when compared with the military systems of civilized countries; yet, since the main object of armed mca is to defend a country or a principle, and todestroy anything which may oppose itself to them, the mode of warfare pursued by the savage will be found admirably adapted to their requirements in this con- nection, and will doubtless compare favorably with the systems of the Afghans and Persians of the present, and the Caucasian people • which granted the request. The Secretary of War, by authority, appointed a committee of three citizens to carry into effect the pro- visions of the recent law. The Miamis were surrounded on all sides by American settlers, and were situated almost in the heart of the State on the line of the canal then being made. The chiefs were called to a council for the purpose of making a treaty; they promptly came, but peremptorily refused to go westward or sell the remainder of their land. The Pottawatomies sold about 6,000,000 acres in Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, including all their claim in this State. In 1838 a treaty was concluded with the Miami Indians through the good offices of Col. A. 0. Pepper, the Indian agent, by which a considerable of the most desirable portion of their reserve was ceded to the United States. LAND SALES. As an example of the manner in which land speculators were treated by the early Indianians, we cite the following instances from Cox's '' Hecollections of the Wabash Valley." At Crawfordsville, Dec. 2i, 1824, many parties were present from the eastern and southern portions of the State, as well as from Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and even Pennsylvania, to attend a land sale. There was but little bidding against each other. The settlers, or " squatters," as they were called by the speculators, had arranged matters among themselves to their general satisfaction. If, upon comparing numbers, it appeared that two were after the same tract of land, one would ask the other what he would take not to bid against him; if neither would consent to be bought off they would retire and cast lots, and the lucky one would enter the tract at Congress price, $1.25 an acre, and the other would enter the second choice on his list. If a speculator made a bid, or showed a disposition to take a settler's claim from him, he soon saw the white of a score of eyes glaring at him, and he would " crawfish" out of,the crowd at the first opportunity. The settlers made it definitely known to foreign capitalists that they would enter the tracts of land they had settled upon before allowing the latter to come in with their speculations. The land was sold in tiers of townships, beginning at the southern part of the district and continuing north until all had been offered at public sale. This plan was persisted in, although it kept many on the ground for several days waiting, M'ho desired to purchase land in the nortliern part of the district. In 1827 a regular Indian scare was gotten up to keep specu- lators away for a short time. A man who owned a claim on Tippe- canoe river, near Pretty prairie, fearing that some one of the numerous land hunters constantly scouring the country might enter the laud he had settled upon before he could raise the money to buy It, and seeing one day a cavalcade of land hunters riding toward where his land lay, mounted his horse and darted off at full speed to meet them, swinging his hat and shouting at the top of bis voice, "Indians! Indians! the woods are full of Indians, (133) 134 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. murdering and scalping all before them!" They paused a moment, but as the terrified horseman still urged his jaded animal and cried, "Help! Longlois,Oicots, help!" they turned and fled like a troop of retreating cavalry, hastening to the thickest settlements and giving the alarm, which spread like fire among stubble until the whole frontier region was shocked with the startling cry. The squatter who fabricated the story and started this false alarm took a cir- cuitous route home that evening, and while others were busy building temporary block-houses and rubbing up their guns to meet the Indians, he was quietly gathering up money and slipped down to Crawfordsville and entered his land, chuckling to himself, " There's a Yankee trick for yon, done up by a Hoosier." HAEMONY COMMUNITY. In 1814 a society of Germans under Frederick Eappe, who had originally come from Wirtemberg, Germany, and more recently from Pennsylvania, founded a settlement on the "Wabash about 50' miles above its mouth. They were industrious, frugal and honest Lutherans. They purchased a large quantity of land and laid off a town, to which they gave the name of "Harmony," afterward called "New Harmony." They erected a church and a public school-house, opened farms, planted orchards and vineyards, built flouring mills, established a house of public entertainment, a public store, and carried on all the arts of peace with skill and regularity. Their property was " in common," according to the custom of an- cient Christians at Jerusalem, but the governing power, both tem- poral and spiritual, was vested in Frederick Eappe, the elder, who was regarded as the founder of the society. By the year 1821 the society numbered about 900. Every individual of proper age con- tributed his proper share of labor. There were neither spendthrifts, idlers nor drunkards, and during the whole 17 years of their sojourn in America there was not a single lawsuit among them. Every controversy arising among them was settled by arbitration, expla- nation and compromise before sunset of the day, literally according to the injunction of the apostle of the New Testament. About 1825 the town of Harmony and a considerable quantity of land adjoining was sold to Eobert Owen, father of David Dale Owen, the State Geologist, and of Eobert Dale Owen, of later notoriety. He was a radical philosopher from Scotland, who had become distinguished for his philanthropy and opposition to HISTOEY OF INDIANA. 135 ChristiaaitJ^ He charged the latter with teaching false notions regarding human responsibility — notions which have since been clothed in the language of physiology, naental philosophy, etc. Said he: "That which has hitherto been called wickedness in our fellow men has proceeded from one of two distinct causes, or from some combination of those causes. They are what are termed bad or wicked, " 1. Because they are born with faculties or propensities which render them more liable, under the same circumstances, than other men, to commit such actions as are usually denominated wicked; or, " 2. Because they have been placed by birth or other events in particular countries, — have been influenced from infancy by par- ents, playmates and others, and have been surrounded by those circumstances which gradually and necessarily trained them in the habits and sentiments called wicked ; or, "3. They have become wicked in consequence of some particu- lar combination of these causes. " If it should be asked. Whence then has wickedness pro- ceeded? I reply, Solely from the ignorance of our forefathers. " Every society which exists at present, as well as every society which history records, has been formed and governed on a belief in the following notions, assumed as first principles: " 1. That it is in the power of every individual to form his own character. Hence the various systems called by the name of religion, codes of law, and punishments; hence, also, the angry passions entertained by individuals and nations toward each other. "2. That the affections are at the command of the individual. Hence insincerity and degradation of character; hence the miseries of domestic life, and more than one-half of all the crimes of man- kind. " 3. That it is necessary a large portion of mankind should ex- ist in ignorance and poverty in order to secure to the remaining part such a degree of happiness as they now enjoy. Hence a system of counteraction in the pursuits of men, a general opposition among individuals to tlie interests of each other, and the necessary effects of such a system, — ignorance, poverty and vice. THE MEXICAN WAE. During the administration of Gov. Whitcomb the war with Mexico occurred, which resulted in annexing to the United States vast tracts of land in the south and west. Indiana contributed her full ratio to the troops in that war, and with a remarkable spirit of promptness and patriotism adopted all measures to sustain the gen- eral Government. These new acquisitions of territory re-opened the discussion of the slavery question, and Governor "Whitcomb expressed his opposition to a further extension of the " national sin." The causes which led to a declaration of war against Mexico in 1846, must be sought for as far back as the year 1830, when the present State of Texas formed a province of New and Independent Mexico. During the years immediately preceding 1830, Moses Austin, of Connecticut, obtained a liberal grant of lands from the established Government, and on his death his son was treated in an equally liberal manner. The glowing accounts rendered by Aus- tin, and the vivid picture of Elysian fields drawn by visiting jour- nalists, soon resulted in the influx of a large tide of immigrants, nor did the movement to the Southwest cease until 1830. The Mexican province held a prosperous population, comprising 10,000 American citizens. The rapacious Government of the Mexicans looked with greed and jealousy upon their eastern province, and, under the presidency of Gen. Santa Anna, enacted such measures, both unjust and oppressive, as would meet their design of goading the people of Texas on to revolution, and thus afford an opportu- nity for the infliction of punishment upon subjects whose only crime was industry and its accompaniment, prosperity. Precisely in keeping with the course pursued by the British toward the col- onists of the Eastern States in the last century, Santa Anna's Government met the remonstrances of the colonists of Texas with threats; and they, secure in their consciousness of right quietly issued their declaration of independence, and proved its literal meaning on the field of Gonzales in 1836, having with a force ol- (136) HISTORY OF INDIANA. 137 600 men forced the Mexican army of 1,000 to fly for refuge to their strongholds. Battle after battle followed, bringing victory always to the Colonists, and ultimately resulting in the total rout of the Mexican army and the evacuation of Texas. The routed army after a short term of rest reorganized, and reappeared in the Terri- tory, 8,000 strong. On April 21, a division of this large force under Santa Anna encountered the Texans under General Samuel Houston on the banks of the San Jacinto, and thongh Houston could only oppose 800 men to the Mexican legions, the latter were driven from the field,nor could they reform their scattered ranks until their General was captured next day and forced to sign the declaration of 1835. The signature of Santa Anna, though ignored by the Congress of the Mexican Eepublic, and consequently left unratified on the part of Mexico, was effected in so much, that after the sec- ond defeat of the army of that Republic all the hostilities of an important nature ceased, the Republic of Texas was recognized by the powers, and subsequently became an integral part of the United States, July i, 1846. At this period General Herrera was pres- ident of Mexico. He was a man of peace, of common sense, and very patriotic; and he tlius entertained, or pretended to enter- tain, the great neighboring Republic in high esteem. For this reason he grew unpopular with his people, and General Paredes was called to the presidential chair, which he continued to occupy until the breaking out of actual hostilities with the Uuited States, when Gen. Santa Anna was elected thereto. President Polk, aware of tlie state of feeling in Mexico, ordered Gen. Zachary Taylor, in command of the troops in the Soutliwest, to proceed to Texas, and post himself as near to the Mexican border as he deemed prudent. At the same time an American squadron was dispatched to the vicinity, in the Gulf of Mexico. In November, General Taylor had taken his position at Corpus Christi, a Texan settlement on a bay of the same name, with about 4,000 men. On the 13th of January, 1846, the President ordered him to advance with his forces to the Rio Grande; accordingly he proceeded, and in March stationed himself on the north bank of tliat river, with- in cannon-shot of the Mexican town of Matamoras. Here he hastily erected a fortress, called Fort Brown. Tlie territory ly- ing between the river Nueces and the Rio Grande river, about 120 miles in width, was claimed both by Texas and Mexico; ac- cording to the latter, therefore, General Taylor had actually invaded her Territory, and had thus committed an open 138 HISTORY OF INDIANA. act of war. On the 26tli of April, the Mexican General, Ampudia^ gave notice to tliis effect to General Taylor, and on the same day a. party of American dragoons, sixty-three in number, being on the north side of the Rio Grande, were attacked, and, after the loss of sixteen men killed and wounded, were forced to surrender. Their commander. Captain Tiiornton, only escaped. The Mexican forces had now crossed the river above Matamoras and were supposed ta meditate an attack on Point Isabel, where Taylor had established a depot of supplies for his army. On the 1st of May, this officer left a small number of troops at Fort Brown, and marched with his chief forces, twenty-three hundred men, to the defense of Point Isabel. Having garrisoned this place, he set out on his return. On the 8th of May, about noon, he met the Mexican array, six thousand strong, drawn up in battle array, on the prairie near Pala Alto. The Americans at once advanced to the attack, and, after an action of five hours,, in which their artillery was very efi^ective> drove the enemy before them, and encamped upon the field. The Mexican loss was about one hundred killed; that ot the Americans, four killed and forty wounded. Major Ringgold, of the artillery,, an officer of great merit, was mortally wounded. The next day, as the Americans advanced, they again met the enemy in a strong position near Resaca de la Palma, three miles from Fort Brown. An action commenced, and was fiercely contested, the artillery on both sides being served with great vigor. At last the Mexicans gave way, and fled in confusion. General de la Vega having fallen into the hands of the Americans. They also abandoned their guns and a large quantity of ammunition to the victors. The remain- ing Mexican soldiers speedily crossed the Rio Grande, and the next day the Americans took up their position at Fort Brown. This little fort, in the absence of General Taylor, had gallantly sustained an almost uninterrupted attack of several days from the Mexican batteries of Matamoras. When the news of the capture of Captain Thornton's party was spread over the United States, it produced great excitement. The President addressed a message to Congress, then in session, declar- ing " that war with Mexico existed by her own act;" and that body,. May, 1846, placed ten millions of dollars at the President's dispo- sal, and authorized him to accept the services of fifty thousand volunteers. A great part of the summer of 1846 was spent in prep- aration for the war, it being resolved to invade Mexico at several points. In pursuance of this plan, General Taylor, who had takea UISTORT OF INDIANA. 139 possession of Matamoras, abandoned by the enemy in May, marched northward in the enemy's country in August, and on the 19th of September he appeared before Monterey, capital of the Mexican State of New Leon. His army, after having garrisoned several places along his route, amounted to six thousand men. The attack began on the 21st, and after a succossion of assaults, during the period of four days, the Mexicans capitulated, leaving the town in possession of the Americans. In October, General Taylor terminated an armistice into which he had entered with the Mexican General, and again commenced offensive operations. Various towns and fortresses of the enemy now rapidly fell into our possession. In November, Saltillo, tlie capital of the State of Coahuila was occupied by the division of General Worth; in December, General Patterson took possession of Yictoria, the capital of Tamaulipas, and nearly at the same period. Commodore Perry captured the fort of Tampico. Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, with the whole territory of the State had been subjugated by General Harney, after a march of one thousand miles through tire wilderness. Events of a startling char- acter liad taken place at still earlier dates along the Pacific coast. On the 4th of July, Captain Fremont, having repeatedly defeated su- perior Mexican forces with the small band under his command, de- clared California independent of Mexico. Other important places in this region had yielded to the American naval force, and in Au- gust, 1846, the whole of California was in the undisputed occupa- tion of the Americans. The year 1847 opened with still more brilliant victories on the part of our armies. By the drawing off of a large part of General Taylor's troops for a meditated attack on Yera Cruz, he was left with a comparatively small force to meet the great body of Mexican troops, now marching upon him, under command of the celebrated Santa Anna, who had again become President of Mexico. Ascertaining the advance of this powerful army, twenty thou- sand strong, and consisting of the best of the Mexican soldiers. General Taylor took up his position at Buena Yista, a valley a few miles from Saltillo. His whole troops numbered only four thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine, and here, on the 23d of February, he was vigorously attacked by the Mexicans. The battle was very severe, and continued nearly the whole day, when the Mexicans fled from the field in disorder, with a loss of nearly two thousand men. Santa Anna speedily withdrew, and thus abandoned the region of 140 HISTOKY OF INDIANA. the Rio Grande to tlie complete occupation of our troops. This left our forces at liberty to prosecute the grand enterprise of the cam- paign, the capture of the strong town of Vera Cruz, with its re- nowned castle of San Juan d'Ulloa. On the 9th of March, 1847, General Scott landed near the city with an army of twelve thousand men, and on the 18th commenced an attack. For four days and nights an ahnost incessant shower of shot and shells was poured upon the devoted town, while the batteries of the castle and the city replied with terrible energy. At last, as the Americans were pre- paring for an assault, the Governor of the city offered to surrender, and on the 26th the American flag floated triumphantly from the walls of the castle and the city. General Scott now prepared to march upon the city of Mexico, the capital of the country, situated two hundred miles in the interior, and approached only through a series of rugged passes and mountain fastnesses, rendered still more formidable by several strong fortresses. On the 8th of April tlie army commenced their march. At Oerro Gordo, Santa Anna had posted himself with flftcen thousand men. On the 18th the Amer- icans began the daring attack, and by midday every intrenchment of the enemy had been carried. The loss of the Mexicans in this remarkable battle, besides one thousand killed and wounded, was three thousand prisoners, forty-three pieces of cannon, five thousand stand of arms, and all tlieir amunitions and mate- rials of war. The loss of the Americans was four hundred and thirty-qne in killed and wounded. The next day our forces advanced, and, capturing fortress after fortress, came on the 18th of August within ten miles of Mexico, a city of two hun- dred thousand inhabitants, and situated in one of the most beautiful valleys in the world. On the 20th they attacked and carried the strong batteries of Contreras, garrisoned by Y,000 men, in an impetuous assault, which lasted but seventeen minutes. On the same day an attack was made by the Americans on the fortified post of Churubusco, four miles northeast of Contreras. Here nearly the entire Mexican army — more than 20,000 in number — ivere posted; but they were defeated at every point, and obliged to seek a retreat in the city, or the still remaining fortress of Chapul- tepec. "While preparations were being made on the 21st by Gen- eral Scott, to level his batteries against the city, prior to summon- ing it to surrender, he received propositions from the enemy, which terminated in an armistice. This ceased on the 7th of September. On the 8th the outer defense of Ohapultepec was successfully IIISTOllY OF INDIANA. 141 stormed by General Worth, though he lost one-fourth of his men in the desperate struggle. The castle of Chapultepec, situated on an abrupt and rocky eminence, 150 feet above the surrounding country, presented a most formidable object of attack. On the 12th, however, the batteries were opened against it, and on the next day the citadel was carried by storm. The Mexicans still strug- gled along the great causeway leading to the city, as the Americans advanced, but before nightfal a part of our army was within the gates of the city. Santa Anna and the officers of the Government fled, and the next morning, at seven o'clock, the flag of the Ameri- cans floated from the national palace of Mexico. This conquest of the capital was the great and final achievement of the war. The Mexican republic was in fact prostrate, her sea-coast and chief cities being in the occupation of our troops. On the 2d of Feb- ruary, 1848, terms of peace were agreed upon by the American commissioner and the Mexican Government, this treaty being rati- fied by the Mexican Congress on the 30th of May following, and by the United States soon after. President Polk proclaimed peace on the 4th of July, 1848. In the preceding sketch we have given only a mere outline of the war with Mexico. We have necessarily passed over many interesting events, and have not even named many of our soldiers who performed gallant and important ser- vices. General Taylor's successful operations in the region of the 'Rio Grande were duly honored by the people of the United States, by bestowing upon him the Presidency. General Scott's campaign, from the attack on Yera C3ruz, to the surrender of the city of Mexico, was far more remarkable, and, in a military point of view, must be considered as one of tlie most brilliant of modern times. It is true the Mexicans are not to be ranked with the great nations of the earth; with a population of seven or eight millions, they have little more than a million of the white race, the rest being half-civ- ilized Indians and mestizos, that is, those of mixed blood. Their government is inefficient, and the people divided among them- selves. Their soldiers often fought bravely, but they were badly officered. While, therefore, we may consider the conquest of so extensive and populous a country, in so short a time, and attended with such constant superiority even to the greater numbers of the enemy, as highly gratifying evidence of the courage and capacity of our army, still we must not, in judging of our achievements, fail to consider the real weakness of the nation whom we vanquished. 142 HISTORY OF INDIANA. One tiling we may certainly dwell upon with satisfaction — the ad- mirable example, not only as a soldier, bntas a man, set by our com- mander, Gen. Scott, who seems, in the midst of war and the ordinary license of the camp, always to have preserved the virtue, kindness, and humanity belongini^ to a stute of peace. These qualities secured to him the respect, confidsnce and good-will even of the enemy he had conquered. Among the Generals who effectually aided General Scott in this remarkable campaign, we must not omit to mention the names of Generals Wool, Twiggs, Shields, "Worth, Smith, and Quitman, who generally added to the high qualities of soldiers the still more estimable characteristics of good men. The treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo stipulated that the disputed territory between the Xueces and the Rio Grande should belong to the United States, and it now forms a part of Texas, as has been already stated; that the United States should assume and pay the debts duo from Mexico to American citizens, to the amount of $3,500,000; and that, in consideration of the sum of $15,000,000 to be paid by the United States to Mexico, the latter should relinquish to the former the whole of New Mexico and Upper California. The soldiers of Indiana who served in this war were formed into five regiments of volunteers, numbered respectively, 1st, 2d, 3rd, 4tli and 5th. The fact that companies of the three first-named reg- iments served at times with the men of Illinois, the Naw York volunteers, the Palmettos of South Carolina, and United States marines, under Gen. James Shields, makes for them a history; be- cause the campaigns of the Rio Grande and Chihuahua, the siege of Yera Cruz, the desperate encounter at Cerro Gordo, the tragic contests in the valley, at Contreras and Churubusco, the storming of Chapultepec, and the planting of the stars and stripes upon every turret and spire within the conquered city of Mexico, were ^11 carried out by the gallant troops under the favorite old General, and consequently each of them shared with him in the glories at- tached to such exploits. The other regiments under Cols. Gorman and Lane participated in the contests of the period under other com- manders. The 4th Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, comprising ten companies, was formally organized at Jeffersonville, Indiana, by Capt. R. C. Gatlin, June 15, 1847, and on the 16th elected Major Willis A. Gorman, of the 3rd Regiment, to the Colonelcy; Ebenezer Dumont, Lieutenant-Colonel, and W. McCoy, Major. On the 27th of June the regiment left Jeffersonville for the front, and HISTORY OF INDIANA. 143 Bubsequently was assig-ncd to Brigadier-General Lane's command, whicli then comprised a battery of five pieces from the 3rd Regi- ment U. S. Artillery; a battery of two pieces from the 2nd Regiment TJ. S. Rrtillery, tlic 4:tli Regiment of Indiana Volunteers and the 4th Regiment of Ohio, with a squadron of mounted Louisianians and ■detachments of recruits for the U. S. army. The troops of this brigade won signal honors at Passo de Ovegas, August 10, 1847; National Bridge, on the 12th; Cerro Gordo, on the 16th; Las Ani- :mas, on the 19th, under Maj. F. T. Lally, of General Lane's staff, .•and afterward under Lane, directly, took a very prominent part in the siege of Puebla, which began on the 15th of September and -terminated on the 12th of October. At Atlixco, October 19th; "Tiascala, November 10th; Mataraoras and Pass Galajara, Novem- ber 23rd and 24tli; Guerrilla Ranche, December 5th; Napaloncan, December 10th, the Indiana volunteers of the 4th Regiment per- formed gallant service, and carried the campaign into the following year, representing their State at St. Martin's, February 27, 1848; Cholula, March 26th; Matacordera, February 19th; Sequalteplan, February 25tli; and on the cessation of hostilities reported at Madison, Indiana, for discharge, July 11, 1848; while the 5th In- diana Regiment, under Col. J. H. Lane, underwent a similar round of duty during its service with other brigades, and gained some celebrity at Yera Oruz, Churubusco and with the troops of Illinois under Gen. Shields at Chapultepec. This war cost the people of the United States sixty-six millions of dollars. This very large amount was not paid away for the at- tainment of mere glory; there was something else at stake, and this something proved to be a country larger and more fertile than the France of the Napoleons, and more steady and sensible than the France of the Republic. It was the defense of the great Lone 'Star State, the humiliation and chastisement of a quarrelsome aieie-hbor. SLAVERY. We have already referred to the prohibition of slavery in the Northwestern Territory, and Indiana Territory by the ordinance of 1787; to the imperfection in the execution of this ordinance and the troubles which the authorities encountered; and the complete estab- lishment of the principles of freedom on the organization of the State. The next item of significance in this connection is the following lan- guage in the message of Gov. Eay to the Legislature of 1828: "Since our last separation, while we have witnessed with anxious solicitude the belligerent operations of another hemisphere, the cross contend- ing against the crescent, and the prospect of a general rupture among the legitimates of other quarters of the globe, our attention has been arrested by proceedings in our own country truly dangerous to liberty, seriously premeditated, and disgraceful to its authors if agitated only to tamper with the American people. If such ex- periments as we see attempted in certain deluded quarters do not tall with a burst of thunder upon the heads of their seditious pro- jectors, then indeed the Republic has begunto experience the days of its degeneracy. The union of these States is the people's only sure charter for tlieir liberties and independence. Dissolve it and each State will soon be in a condition as deplorable as Alexander's conquered countries after they were divided amongst his victorious military captains." In pursuance of a joint resolution of the Legislature of 1850, a block of native marble was procured and forwarded to Washington, to be placed in the monument then in the course of erection at the National Capital in memory of George Washington. In the absence of any legislative instruction concerning the inscription upon this emblem of Indiana's loyalty. Gov. Wright ordered the following words to be inscribed upon it: Indiana Knows No NoETH, No South, Nothing but the Union. Within a dozen years thereafter this noble State demonstrated to the world her loy- alty to the Union and the principles of freedom by the sacrifice of blood and treasure which she made. In keeping with this senti- ment Gov. Wright indorsed the compromise measures of Congress on the slavery question, remarking in his message that " Indiana takes her stand in the ranks, not of Southern destiny, nor yet of (144) -^ '7i jS\ W?± sewKs" . " '^>ms^ « * iff;'* i\"'*%l"^ f^J'1 f^/' f>' SCENE ON THE WABASH KIVKB. UISTOEY OF INDIANA. 147 Northern destiny: slie plants herself on the basis of the Consti- tution and takes her stand in the ranks of American destiny." FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT. At the session of the Legislature in January, 1869, the subject of ratifying the fifteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution, allowing negro suffrage, came up with such persistency that neither party dared to undertake any other business lest it be checkmated in some way, and being at a dead lock on this matter, they adjourn- ed in March without having done much important business. The Democrats, as well as a portion of the conservative Republicans, opposed its consideration strongly on the ground that it would be unfair to vote on the question until the people of the State had had an opportunity of expressing their views at the polls; but most of the Kepublicans resolved to push the measure through, while the Democrats resolved to resign in a body and leave the Legislature without a quorum. Accordingly, on March 4, 17 Senators and 36 Representatives resigned, leaving both houses without a quorum. As the early adjournment of the Legislature left the benevolent institutions of the State unprovided for, the Governor convened that body in extra session as soon as possible, and after the neces- sary appropriations were made, on the 19th of May the fifteenth amendmeu* came up; but in anticipation of this the Democratic members had all resigned and claimed that there was no quorum present. There was a quorum, however, of Senators in office, though some of them refused to vote, declaring that they were no longer Senators; but the president of that body decided that as he had not been informed of their resignation by the Governor, they were still members. A vote was taken and the ratifying resolution was adopted. When the resolution came up in the House, the chair decided that, although the Democratic members had resigned there was a quorum of the de facto members present, and the House proceeded to pass the resolution. This decision of the chair was afterward sustained by the Supreme Court. At the next regular session of the Legislature, in 1871, the Democrats undertook to repeal the ratification, and the Republican members resigned to prevent it. Tlie Democrats, as the Republi- cans did on the previous occasion, proceeded to pass their resolu- tion of repeal; but while the process was under way, before the House Committee had time to report on the matter, 34 Republican members resigned, thereby preventing its passage and putting a stop to further legislation. INDIANA IN THE WAR. The events of the earlier years of this State have been reviewed down to that period in the nation's history when the Republic de- manded a first sacrifice from the newly erected States; to the time when the very safety of the glorious heritage, bequeathed by the fathers as a rich legacy, was threatened with a fate worse than death — a life under laws that harbored the slave— a civil defiance of the first principles of the Constitution. Indiana was among the first to respond to the summons of patri- otism, and register itself on the national roll of honor, even as she was among the first to join in that song of joy which greeted a Re- public made doubly glorious within a century by the dual victory which won liberty for itself, and next bestowed the precious bpon upon the colored slave. The fall of Fort Sumter was a signal for the uprising of the State. The news of the calamity was flashed to Indianapolis on the 14rth of April, 1861, and early the next morning the electric wire brought the welcome message to Washington: — ExKCUTiTB Department of Indiana, ) Indianapolis, April 15, 1861. ) To Abraham Lihcoln, President of the United States: — On behalf of the State of Indiana, I tender to you for the defense of the Nation, and to uphold the au- thority of the Government, ten thousand men. OLIVER P. MORTON, Governor of Indiana. This may be considered the first oflScial act of Governor Morton, who had just entered on the duties of his exalted position. The State was in an almost helpless condition, and yet the faith of the " War Governor " was prophetic, when, after a short consultation with the members of the Executive Council, he relied on the fidelity of ten thousand men and promised their services to the Protectorate at Washington. This will be more apparent when the military condition of the State at the beginning of 1861 is considered. At that time the armories contained less than five hundred stand of serviceable small arms, eight pieces of cannon which might be use- ful in a museum of antiquities, with sundry weapons which would m'erely do credit to the aborigines of one hundred years ago. The financial condition of the State was even worse than the military. (148) HISTORY OF INDIANA. 149 The sum of $10,368.58 in trust funds was the amount of cash in the handsof the Treasurer, and this was, to all intents and purposes unavailable to meet the emergency, since it could not be devoted to the military requirements of the day. This state of affairs was dispiriting in the extreme, and would doubtless have militated against the ultimate success of any other man than Morton; yet he overleaped every difficulty, nor did the fearful realization of rioyd's treason, discovered during his visit to Washington, damp his indomitable courage and energy, but with rare persistence he urged the claims of his State, and for his exertions was requited with an order for five thousand muskets. The order was not exe- cuted until hostilities were actually entered upon, and consequently for some days succeeding the publication of the President's procla- mation the people labored under a feeling of terrible anxiety min- gled with uncertainty, amid the confusion which followed the crim- inal negligence that permitted the disbandment of the magnificent corps d' armee (51,000 men) of 1832 two years later in 1834, Great numbers of the people maintained their equanamity with the result of beholding within a brief space of time every square mile of their State represented by soldiers prepared to fight to the bitter end in defense of cherished institutions, and for the extension of the prin- ciple of human liberty to all States and classes within the limits of the threatened Union. This, their zeal, was not animated by hos- tility to the slave holders of the Southern States, but rather by a fraternal spirit, akin to that which urges the eldest brother to cor- rect the persistent follies of his juniors, and thus lead them from crime to the maintenance of family honor; in this correction, to draw them away from all that was cruel, diabolical and inhuman in the Republic, to all that is gentle, holy and sublime therein. Many of the raw troops were not only unimated by a patriotic feeling, but also by that beautiful idealization of the poet, who in his un- conscious Republicanism, said: " I would not have a slave to till my ground, To carry me, to fan me while I sleep, And tremble when I wake, for all the wealth That sinews bought and sold have ever earned No: dear as freedom is — and, in my heart's Just estimation, prized above all price — I had much rather be myself the slave. And wear the bonds, than fasten them on him." Thus animated, it is not a matter for surprise to find the first call to arms issued by the President, and calling for 75,000 men, 160 HISTORY OF INDIANA. answered nobly by the people of Indiana. The quota of troops to be furnished by the State on the first call was 4,683 men for three years' service from April 15, 1860. On the ' 16th of April, Gov- ernor Morton issued his proclamation calling on all citizens of the State, who had the welfare of the Republic at heart, to organize themselves into six regiments in defense of their rights, and in opposition to the varied acts of rebellion, charged by him against the Southern Confederates. To this end, the Hon. Lewis Wallace, a soldier of the Mexican campaign was appointed Adjutant-General, Col. Thomas A. Morris of the United States Military Academy, Quartermaster-General, and Isaiah Mansur, a merchant of Indian- apolis, Commissary-General. These general officers converted the grounds and buildings of the State Board of Agriculture into a military headquarters, and designated the position Camp Morton, as the beginning of the many honors which were to follow the pop- ular Governor throughout his future career. Now the people, im- bued with confidence in their Government and leaders, rose to the grandeur of American freemen, and with an enthusiasm never equaled hitherto, flocked to the standard of the nation; so that within a few days (19th April) 2,400 men were ranked beneath their regimental banners, until as the official r«port testifies, the anxious question, passing from mouth to mouth, was, " Which of us will be allowed to go? " It seemed as if Indiana was about to monopolize the honors of the period, and place the 75.000 men demanded of the Union by the President, at his disposition. Even now under the genial sway of guaranteed peace, the features of Indiana's veterans flush with righteous pride when these days — re- membrances of heroic sacrifice — are named, and freemen, still un- born, will read their history only to be blessed and, glorified in the possession of such truly, noble progenitors. Nor were the ladies of the State unmindful of their duties. Everywhere they partook of the general enthusiasm, and made it practical so far as in their power, by embroidering and presenting standards and regimental colors, organizing aid and relief societies, and by many other acts of patriotism and humanity inherent in the high nature of woman. During the days set apart by the military authorities for the or- ganization of the regiments, the financiers of the State were en- gaged in the reception of munificent grants of money from pri- vate citizens, while the money merchants within and without the State ofi'ered large loans to the recognized Legislature without even imposing a condition of payment. This most practical generosity HISTOKY OF INDIANA. 151 strengthened the hands of the Executive, and within a very few days Indiana had passed the crucial test, recovered some of her military prestige lost in ISSi, and so was prepared to vie with the other and wealthier States in making sacrifices for the public welfare. On the 20th of April, Messrs, I. S. Dobbs and Alvis D. Gall re- ceived their appointments as Medical Inspectors of the Division, while Major T. J. Wood arrived at headquarters from Washington to receive the newlj' organized regiments into the service of the Union. At the moment this formal proceeding took place, Morton, unable to restrain the patriotic ardor of the people, telegraplied to the capitol that he could place six regiments of infantry at the dis- posal of the General Government within six days, if such a pro- ceeding were acceptable; but in consequence of the wires being cut between the State and Federal capitols, no answer came. Taking advantage of the little doubt which may have had existence in re- gard to future action in the matter and in the absence of general orders, he gave expression to an intention of placing the volunteers in camp, and in his message to the Legislature, who assembled three days later, he clearly laid down the principle of immediate action and strong measures, recommending a note of $1,000,000 for there- organization of the volunteers, for the purchase of arms and supplies, and for the punishment of treason. The message was received most enthusiastically. The assembly recognized the great points made by the Governor, and not only yielded to them in toto, but also made the following grand appropriations : t General military purposes $1,000,000 Purchase of arms 500,000 Contingent military expenses 100,000 Organization and support of militia for two years 140,000 These appropriations, together with the laws enacted during the session of the Assembly, speak for the men of Indiana. The celerity with which these laws were put in force, thediligince and economy exercised by the oflScers, entrusted with their administration, and that systematic genius, under which all the machinery of Govern- ment seemed to work in harmony, — all, all, tended to make for the State a spring-time of noble deeds, when seeds might be cast along her fertile fields and in the streets of her villages of industry to grow up at once and blossom in the ray of fame, and after to bloom throughout the ages. Within three days after the opening of the extra session of the Legislature (27th April) six new regiments were organized, and commissioned for three months' service. These reg- 152 HISTOET OF INDIANA. iraents, notwithstanding the fact that the first six regiments were already mustered into the general service, were known as "The First Brigade, Indiana Yolunteers," and with the simple object of making the way of the future student of a brilliant history clear, were numbered respectively Sixth Regiment, commanded by Col. T. T. Crittenden. Seventh ' " " " " Ebenezer Dumont. Eighth " " " " W. P. Benton. Ninth " " " " R. H. Milroy. Tenth " " " " T. T. Reynolds. Eleventh " " " " Lewis Wallace. The idea of these numbers was suggested by the fact that the military representation of Indiana in the Mexican Campaign was one brigade of five regiments, and to observe consecutiveness the regiments comprised ii/ the first division of volunteers were thus numbered, and the entire force placed under Brigadier General T. A. Morris, with the following staff: John Love, Major; Cyrus C- nines. Aid-de-camp; and J. A. Stein, Assistant Adjutant General. To follow the fortunes of these volunteers through all tlie vicissi- tudes of war would prove a special work; yet their valor and endur- ance- during their first term of service deserved a notice of even more value than that of the historian, since a commander's opinion has to be taken as the basis upon which the chronicler may expatiate. Therefore the following dispatch, dated from the headquarters of the Army of Occupation, Beverly Camp, W. Virginia, July 21, 1861, must be taken as one of the first evidences of their utility and valor: — "Governor O. P. Morton, Indianapolis, Indiana Governor:— I have directed the three mnnths' regiments from Indiana to move to Indianapolis, there to be mustered out and reorganized for three years' service. I cannot permit them to return to you without again expressing my high appreciation of the distinguished valor and endurance of the Indiana troops, and my hope that but a short time will elapse before I have the pleasure of knowing that they are again ready for the field. * * * * * * . * I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Georse B^ MoClellan', Mujor-Oeneral, U. 8. A. On the return of the troops to Indianapolis, July 29, Brigadier Morris issued a lengthy, logical and well-deserved congratulatory address, from which one paragraph may be extracted to characterize HISTORY OF INDIANA. 153 the whole. After passing a glowing enlogium on their military qualities and on that unexcelled gallantry displayed at Laurel Hill, Phillipi and Oarrick's Ford, be says: — "Soldiers! You have now returned to the friends whose prayers went with you 10 the field of strife. They welcome you with pride and exultation. Your State and country acknowledge the value of your labors. May your future career be as your past has been, — honorable to yourselves and serviceable tCTyour country." The six regiments forming Morris' brigade, together with one composed of the surplus volunteers, for whom there was no regi- ment in April, now formed a division of seven regiments, all reor- ganized for three years' service, between the 20th August and 20th September, with the exception of the new or 12th, which was ac- cepted for one year's service from May 11th, under command of ■Colonel John M. Wallace, and reorganized May 17, 1862, for three years' service under Col. "W. H. Link, who, with 172 ofiScers and men, received their mortal wounds during the Richmond (Ken- tucky) engagement, three .months after its reorganization. The 13th Hegiment, under Col. Jeremiah Sullivan, was mus- tered into the United States in 1861 and joined Gen. McClellan's command at Kich Mountain on the 10th July. The day following it was present under Gen. Rosencrans and lost eight men killed; three successive days it was engaged under Gen. I. I. Reynolds, and won its laurels at Cheat Mountain summit, where it participated jn the ■decisive victory over Gen. Lee. The' 14th Regiment, organized in 1861 for one year's service, and reorganized on the 7th of June at Terre Haute for three years' ser- vice. Commanded by Col. Kimball and showing a muster roll of 1,134 men, it was one of the finest, as it was the first, three years' regiment organized in the State, with varying fortunes attached to its never ending round of duty from Cheat Mountain, September, 1861, to Morton's Ford in 1864, and during the movement South in May of that year to the last of its labors, the battle of Cold Har- bor. The 15th Regiment, reorganized at La Fayette 14th June, 1861, under Col. G. D. "Wagner, moved on Rich Mountain on the 11th of July in time to participate in the complete rout of the enemy. On the promotion of Col. Wagner, Lieutenant-Col. G. A. Wood became Colonel of the regiment, November, 1862, and during the first days of January, 1863, took a distinguished part in the severe action of Stone River. From this period down to the battle of Mis- sion Ridge it was in a series of destructive engagements, and was, 154: HISTORY OF INDIANA. after enduring terrible hardships, ordered to Chattanooga, and thence to Indianapolis, where it was mustered out the 18th June, 1864, — four days after the expiration of its term of service. The 16th Eegiment, organized under Col. P. A. Hackleman at Kichmond for one year's service, after participating in many minor military events, was mustered out at Washington, D.C., on the 14th of May, 1862. Col. Hackleman was killed at the battle of Inka,' and Lieutenant-Col. Thomas I. Lucas succeeded to the command. It was reorganized at Indianapolis for three years' service, May 27, 1862, and took a conspicuous part in all the brilliant engagements of the war down to June, 1865, when it was mustered out at New Orleans. The survivors, numbering 365 rank and file, returned to Indianapolis the 10th of July amid the rejoicing of the populace. The 17th Regiment was mustered into service at Indianapolis- the 12th of June, 1861, for three years, under Col. Hascall, who on being promoted Brigadier General in March, 1862, left the Colonelcy to devolve on Lieutenant Colonel John T. Wilder. This regiment participated in the many exploits of Gen. Reynold's army from Green Brier in 1862, to Macon in 1865, under G«n. Wilson- Returning to Indianapolis the 16th of August, in possession of a brilliant record, the regiment was disbanded. The 18th Regiment, under Colonel Thomas Pattison, was organ- ized at Indianapolis, and mustered into service on the 16th of August, 1861. Under Gen. Pope it gained some distinction at Blackwater, and succeeded in retaining a reputation made there, by its gallantry at Pea Ridge, February, 1862, down to the moment when it planted the regimental flag on the arsenal of Augusta, Georgia, where it was disbanded August 28, 1865. The 19th Regiment, mustered into three years' service at the. State capital July 29, 1861, vjza ordered to join the army of the Potomac, and reported its arrival at Washington, August 9. Two days later it took part in the battle of Lewinsville, under Colonel Solomon Meredith. Occupying Falls Church in September, 1861, it continu.ed to maintain a most enviable place of honor on the military roll until its consolidation with the 20th Regiment, October, 1864, under Colonel William Orr, formerly its Lieutenant Colonel; The 20th Regiment of La Fayette was organized in July, 1861, mustered into three years' service at Indianapolis on the 22d of the same month, and reached the front at Cockeysville, Maryland, twelve days later. Throughout ail its iirilliant actions from Hat- teras Bank, on the 4th of October, to Clover Hill, 9th of April, 1865, HISTORY OF INDIANA. 155 including tlie saving of the United States siiip Congress, at New- port Wews, it added daily some new name to its escutcheon. This regiment was mustered out at Louisville in July, 1865, and return- ing to Indianapolis was welcomed by the great war Governor of their State. The 21sT IvEGiMENT was mustered into service under Colonel I. W. McMillan, July 24,1861, and reported at the front the third day of August. It was the first regiment to enter New Orleans. The fortunes of this regiment were as varied as its services, so that its name and fame, grown from the blood shed by its members, are destined to live and flourish. In December, 1863, the regiment was reorganized, and on tlie 19tli February, 1864, many of its veterans returned to their State, where Morton received them with that spirit of proud gratitude which he was capable of showing to those who deserve honor for honors won. The 22d Regiment, under Colonel Jeff. C. Davis, left Indian- apolis the 16th of August, and was attached to Fremont's Corps at St. Louis on the 17th. From tlie day it moved to the support of Colonel Mulligan at Lexington, to the last victory, won under General Sherman at Bentonville, on the 19th of March, 1865, it gained a high military reputation. After the fall of Johnston's southern army, this regiment was mustered out, and arrived at Indianapolis on the 16th June. The 23d Battalion, commanded by Colonel W. L. Sanderson, was mustered in at New Albany, the 29th July, 1861, and moved to the front early in August. From its unfortunate marine ex- periences before Fort Henry to Bentonville it won unusual honors, and after its disbandment at Louisville, returned to Indianapolis July 24, 1865, where Governor Morton and General Sherman reviewed and complimented the gallant survivors. The 24th BArrALioN, under Colonel Alvin P. Hovey, was mustered at V^incennes the 31st of July, 1861. Proceeding imme- diately to the front it joined Fremont's command, and participated under many Generals in important affairs during the war. Three hundred and ten men and officers returned to their State in August, 1865, and were received with marked honors by the people and Executive. The 25th Regiment, of Evansville mustered into service there for three years under Col. J. C. Veatch, arrived at St. Louis on the 26th of August, 1861. During the war this regiment was present at 18 battles and skirmishes, sustaining therein a loss of 352 men 156 IIISTOEY OF INDIANA. and officers. Mustered out at Louisville, July 17, 1865, it returned to Indianapolis on the 21st amid universal rejoicing. The 26th Battalion, under W. M. Wheatley, left Indianapolis for the front the 7th of September, 1861, and after a brilliant cam- paign under Fremont, Grant, Heron and Smith, may be said to disband the 18th of September, 1865, when the non-veterans and recruits were reviewed by Morton at the State capital. The 27th Eegiment, uuder Col. Silas Colgrove, moved from Indianapolis to Washington City, September 15th, 1861, and in October was allied to Gen. Banks' army. From "Winchester Heights, the 9th of March 1862, through all the aflfairs of General Sherman's campaign, it acted a gallant and faithful part, and was disbanded immediately after returning to their State. The 28th ok 1st Cavalky was mustered into service at Evans- ville on the 20th of August, 1861, under Col. Conrad Baker. From the skirmish at Ironton, on tlie 12th of September, wherein three companies under Col. Gavin captured a position held by a few rebels, to the battle of the Wilderness, the First Cavalry per- formed prodigies of valor. In June and July, 1865, the troops were mustered out at Indianapolis. The 29th Battalion of La Porte, under Col. J. F. Miller, left on the 5th of October, 1861, and reaching Camp Nevin, Kentucky, on the 9th, was allied toUosseau's Brigade, serving with McCook's division at Shiloh, with Buell's army in Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky, with liosencrans at Murfreesboro, at Decatur, Alabama, and at Dalton, Georgia. The Twenty-ninth won many laurels, and had its Colonel promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. This officer was succeeded in the command by Lieutenant-Col. D.M.Dunn. The 30th Regiment of Fort Wayne, under Col. Sion S. Bass, proceeded to the front via Indianapolis, and joined General liosseau at Camp Nevin on the 9th of October, 1861. At Shiloh, Col. Bass received a mortal wound, and died a few days later at Paducah, leaving the Colonelcy to devolve upon Lieuteuant-Col. J. B. Dodge. In October 1865, it formed a battalion of General Sheri- dan's army of observation in Texas. The 31st Regiment, organized at Terre Haute, under Col. Charles Cruft, in September 1861, was mustered in, and left in a few days for Kentucky. Present at the reduction of Fort Donelson on the 13th, 14th, and 15th of February, 1862, its list of killed and wounded proves its desperate fighting qualities. The organization HISTOET OB' INDIANA. 157 was subjected to many changes, bnt in all its phases maintained a fair fame won on many battle fields. Like the former regiment, it passed into Gen. Sheridan's Army of Observation, and held the district of Green Lake, Texas. The 32d Eegijibnt of Gebm.vn Infantry, under Col. August Willich, organized at Indianapolis, mustered on the 24:th of August, 1861, served with distinction throughout the campaign, Col. Willich was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, and Lieut.- Col. Henry Vou Trebra commissioned to act, under whose com- mand the regiment passed into General Sheridan's Army, hold- ing the post of Salado Creek, until the withdrawal of the corps of observation in Texas. The 33d Regiment of Indianapolis possesses a military history of no small proportions. The mere facts that it was mustered in under Col. John Coburn, the 16th of September, won a series of distinctions throughout the war district and was mustered out at Louisville, July 21, 1865, taken with its name as one of the most powerful regiments engaged in the war, are sufficient here. The 34Tn Battalion, organized at Anderson on the 16th Sep- tember, 1861, under Col. Ashbury Steele, appeared among the in- vesting battalions before New Madrid on the 30th of March, 1862. From the distinguished part it took in that siege, down to the 13th of May, 1865, when at Palmetto Ranche, near Palo Alto, it fought for hours against fearful odds the last battle of the war for the Union. Afterwards it marched 250 miles up the Rio Grande, and was the first regiment to reoccupy the position, so long in Southern hands, of Ringold barracks. In 1865 it garrisoned Bea- consville as part of the Army of Observation. The 35th oe First Irish Regiment, was organized at Indian- apolis, and mustered into service on the 11th of December, 1861, under Col. John C. "Walker. At Nashville, on the 22d of May, 1862, it was joined by the organized portion of the Sixty-first or Second Irish Regiment, and unassigned recruits. Col. Mullen now became Lieut.-Colonel of the 36th, and shortly after, its Colonel. From the pursuit of Gen. Bragg through Kentucky and the affair at Perryville on the 8th of October, 1862, to the terrible hand to hand combat at Kenesaw mountain, on the night of the 20th of June, 1864, and again from the conclusion of the Atlanta campaign to September, 1865, with Gen. Sheridan's army, when it was mus- tered out, it won for itself a name of reckless daring and unsur- passed gallantry. 158 IIISTOET OF INDIANA. The 36th Eegiment, of Richmond, Ind., under Col. William Orose, mustered into service for three years on the 16tli of Sep- tember, 1861, went immediately to the front, and shared the for- tunes of the Army of the Ohio until the 27th of February, 1862, when a forward movement led to its presence on the battle-field of Shiloh. Following up the honors won at Shiloh, it participated in some of the most important actions of the war, and was, in October, 1865, transferred to Gen. Sheridan's army. Col. Grose was pro- moted in 1864 to the position of Erigadier-General, and the Colonelcy devolved on Oliver H. P. Carey, formerly Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment. The 37th Battalion, of Lawrenceburg, commanded by Col. Geo. "W. Hazzard, organized the 18th of September, 1861, left for the seat of war early in October. From the eventful battle of Stone river, in December, 1862, to its participation in Sherman's march through Georgia, it gained for itself a splendid reputation. This regiment returned to, and was present at, Indianapolis, on the 30th of July, 1865, wliere a public reception was tendered to men and officers on the grounds of the Capitol. The 38th Regiment, under Col. Benjamin F. Scribner, was mus- tered in at New Albany, on the 18th of September, 1861, and in a few days were en route for the front. To follow its continual round of duty, is without the limits of this sketch; therefore, it will suffice to say, that on every well-fought field, at least from February, 1862, until its dissolution, on the 15th of July, 1865, it earned an enviable renown, and drew fi'ora Gov. Morton, on return- ing to Indianapolis the 18th of the same month, a congratulatory address couched in the highest terms of praise. The 39th Regiment, oe Eighth Cavalet, was mustered in as an infantry regiment, under Col. T. J. Harrison, on the 28th of August, 1861, at the State capital. Leaving immediately for the front it took a conspicuous part in all the engagements up to April, 1863, when it was reorganized as a cavalry regiment. The record of this organization sparkles with great deeds which men will extol while language lives; its services to the Union cannot be over esti- mated, or the memory of its daring deeds be forgotten by the un- happy people who raised the tumult, which culminated in their second shame. The 40th Regiment, of Lafayette, under Col. "W". 0. Wilson, subsequently commanded by Col. J. W. Blake, and again by Col. Henry Learning, was organized on the 30th of December, 1861, and BISTOEY OF INDIANA. l^j s,t once proceeded to the front, where some time was necessarily spent in the Oamp of Instruction at Bardstown, Kentucky. In February, 1862, it joined in Buell's forward movement. During the war the regiment shared in all its hardships, participated in all its honors, and like many other brave commands took service under Gen. Sheridan in his Army of Occupation, holding the post of Port Lavaca, Texas, until peace brooded over the land. The 41st Regiment ob Second Cavalet, the iirst complete regi- ment of horse ever raised in the State, was organized on the 3d of September, 1861, at Indianapolis, under Col. John A. Bridgland, and December 16 moved to the front. Its first war experience was gained en route to Corinth on the 9th of April, 1862, and at Pea Eidge on the 15th. Gallatin, Yinegar Hill, and Perryville, and Talbot Station followed in succession, each battle bringing to the cavalry untold honors. In May, 1864, it entered upon a glorious career under Gen. Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, and again under Gen. Wilson in the raid through Alabama during April, 1865. On the 22d of July, after a brilliant career, the regiment was mastered out at Nashville, and returned at once to Indianapolis for discharge. The 42d, under Col J. G. Jones, mustered into service at Evans- ville, October 9, 1881, and having participated in the principal military affairs of the period, Wartrace, Mission Eidge, Altoona, Xenesaw, Savannah, Oharlestown and Bentonville, was discharged at Indianapolis on the 26th of July, 1865. The 43d Battalion was mustered in on the 27th of September, K61, under Col. George K. Steele, and left Terre Haute enroute to the front within a few days. Later it was al'ied to Gen. Pope's corps, and afterwards served with Commodore Foote's marines in the reduction of Fort Pillow. It was the first Union regiment to «nter Memphis. From that period until the close of the war it was distinguished for its unexcelled qualifications as a military body, and fully deserved the encomiums passed upon it on its return to Indianapolis in March, 1865. The 44th oe the Eegiment of the 10th Congeessional Disteiot was organized at Fort Wayne on the 24th of October, 1861, under Col. Hugh B. Eeed. Two months later it was ordered to the front, and arriving in Kentucky, was attached to Gen. Cruft's Brigade, then quartered at Calhoun. After years of faithful service it was mustered out at Chattanooga, the 14th of September, 1865. The 45th, oe Third Cavaley, comprised ten companies 160 IIISTOEY OF INDIANA. organized at different periods and for varied services in 1861- '62, under Colonel Scott Carter and George H. Chapman. The distinguished name won by the Third Cavalry is established in every village within the State. Let it suffice to add that after its brilliant participation in Gen. Sheridan's raid down the James' river canal, it was mustered out at Indianapolis on the 7th of Au- gust, 1865. The 4:6th Regiment, organized at Logansport under Colonel Graham N. Fitch, arrived in Kentucky the 16th of February, 1862, and a little later became attached to Gen. Pope's army, then quar- tered at Commerce. The capture of Fort Pillow, and its career under Generals Curtis, Palmer, Hovey, Gorman, Grant, Sherman, Banks and Burbridge iire as truly worthy of applause as ever fell to the lot of a regiment. The command was mustered out at Louis- ville on the 4tli of September, 1865. The 47th was organized at Anderson, under Col. I. R. Slack, early in October, 1862. Arriving at Bardstown, Kentucky, on the 21st of December, it was attached to Gen. Buell's army; bat within two months was assigned to Gen. Pope, under whom it proved the first regiment to enter Fort Thompson near New Madrid. In 1864 the command visited Indianapolis on veteran furlough and was enthu- siastically received by Governor Morton and the people. Return- ing to the front it engaged heartily in Gen. Banks' company. In December, Col. Slack received his commission as Brigadier-General, and. was succeeded on the regimental command by Col. J. A. Mc- Laughton; at Shreveport under General Heron it received the sub- mission of General Price and his army, and there also was it mu9- teredout of service on the 23d of October, 1865. The 48th Regiment, organized at Goshen the 6th of December, 1861, under Col. Norman Eddy, entered on its duties during the siege of Corinth in May, and again in October, 1862. The record of this battalion may be said to be unsurpassed in its every feature, so that the grand ovation extended to the returned soldiers in 1865 at Indianapolis, is not a matter for surprise. The 49th Regiment, organized at Jeffersonville, under Col. J. "W. Ray, and mustered in on the 21st of November, 1861, for service, loft en route for the camp at Bardstown. A month later it arrived at the unfortunate camp-ground of Cumberland Ford, where dis- ease carried off a number of gallant soldiers. The regiment, how- ever, survived the dreadful scourge and won its laurels on many HISTORY OF INDIANA. 161 a well-fought field until September, 1865, when it was mustered out at Louisville. The 50th Eegiment, under Col. Cyrus L. Dunham, organized during the month of September, 1861, at Seymour, left en route to Bardstown for a course of military instruction. On the 20th of August, 1862, a detachment of the 50th, under Capt. Atkinson, was attacked by Morgan's Cavalry near Edgefield Junction ; but the gallant few repulsed their oft-repeated onsets and finally drove them from the field. The regiment underwent many changes in organization, and may be said to muster out on the lOtli of Septem- ber, 1865. The 51sT Eegiment, under Col. Abel. D. Streight, left Indianap- olis on the llth of December, 1861, for the South. After a short course of instruction at Bardstown, the regiment joined General Buell's and acted with great effect during the campaign in Ken- tucky and Tennessee. Ultimately it became a participator in the work of the Fourth Corps, or Army of Occupation, and held the post of San Antonio until peace was doubly assured. The 52u Regiment was partially raised at Rushville, and the organization completed at Indianapolis, where it was consolidated with the Railway Brigade, or 56th Regiment, on the 2d of Feb- ruary, 1862. Going to the front immediately after, it served with marked distinction throughout the war, and was mustered out at Montgomery on the 10th of September, 1865. Returning to Indian- apolis six days later, it was welcomed by Gov. Morton and a most enthusiastic reception accorded to it. The 53kd Battalion was raised at New Albany, and with the addition of recruits raised at Rockport formed a standard regi- ment, under command of Col. W. Q. Gresham. Its first duty was that of guarding the rebels confined on Camp Morton, but on going to the front it made for itself an endurable name. It was mus- tered out in July, 1865, and returned to Indiananoplis on the 25th of the same month. The 64th Regiment was raised at Indianapolis on the 10th of June, 1862, for threemonths' service under Ool. D. G. Rose. The succeeding two months saw it in charge of the prisoners at Camp Morton, and in August it was pushed forward to aid in the defense of Kentucky against the Confederate General, Kirby Smith. The remainder of its short term of service was given to the cause. On the CQuster out of the three months' service regiment it was reorgan- 162 HISTORY OF INDIANA. ized ibr one year's service and gained some distinction, after which it was mustered out in 1863 at New Orleans. The 65th Eegiment, organized for three months' service, retains the brief history applicable to the first organization of the Sith. It was mustered in on the 16th of June, 1862, under Ool. J. R. Mahon, disbanded on the expiration of its term and was not reor- ganized. The 56th Regiment, referred to in the sketch of the 62nd, was designed to be composed of railroad men, marshalled under J. M. Smith as Colonel, but owing to the fact that many railroaders had already volunteered into other regiments. Col. Smith's volunteers were incorporated with the 52nd, and this number left blank in the army list. The 57th Battalion, actually organized by two ministers of the gospel, — the Eev. I. W. T. McMullen and Rev. F. A. Hardin, of Richmond, Ind., mustered into service on the 18th of Novem- ber, 1861, under the former named reverend gentleman as Colonel, who was, however, succeeded by Col. Cyrus C. Haynes, and he in turn by G. W. Leonard, Willis Blanch and John S. McGrath, the latter holding command until the conclusion of the war. The history of this battalion is extensive, and if participation in a num- ber of battles with the display of rare gallantry wins fame, the 57th may rest assured of its possession of this fragile yet coveted prize. Like many other regiments it concluded its military labors in the service of General Sheridan, and held the post of Port Lavaca in conjunction with another regiment until peace dwelt in the land. The 58th Regiment, of Princeton, was organized there early in October, 1861, and was mustered into service under the Colonelcy of Henry M. Carr. In December it was ordered to join Gen- eral Buell's army, after which it took a share in the various actions of the war, and was mustered out on the 25th of July, 1805, at Louisville, having gained a place on the roll of honor. The 59th Battalion was raised under a commission issued by Gov. Morton to Jesse I. Alexander, creating him Colonel. Owing to the peculiarities hampering its organization. Col. Alexander could not succeed in having his regiment prepared to muster in before the 17th of February, 1862. However, on that day the equipment was complete, and on the 18th it left en route to Commerce, where on its arrival, it was incorporated under General Pope's command. The list of its casualties speaks a history, — no less than 793 men were lost during the campaign. The regiment, after a term char- HISTORY OF INDIANA. 163 acterized by distinguished service, was mustered out at Louisville on the 17th of July, 1865. The 60th Hegiment was partially organized under Lieut.-Col. Richard Owen at Evansville during November 1861, and perfected at Camp Morton during March, 1862. Its first experience was its gallant resistance to Bragg's army investing Munfordsville, which culminated in the unconditional surrender of its first seven com- panies on the 14th of September. An exchange of prisoners took place in November, which enabled it to joine the remaining com- panies in the field. The subsequent record is excellent, and forms, as it were, a monument to their fidelity and heroism. The main portion of this battalion was mustered out at Indianapolis, on the 21st of March, 1S65. The 61sT was partially organized in December, 1861, under Col. B. F. Mullen. The failure of thorough organization on the 22d of May, 1862, led the men and officers to agree to incorporation with the 35th Regiment of Volunteers. The 62d Battalion, raised under a commission issued to Wil- liam Jones, of Rockport, authorizing him to organize this regiment in the First Congressional District was so unsuccessful that consoli- dation with the 53d Regiment was resolved upon. The 63d Regiment, of Covington, under James McManomy, Commandant ot Camp, and J. S. Williams, Adjutant, was partially organized on the 31st of December, 1861, and may be considered on duty from its very formation. After guarding prisoners at Camp Morton and Lafayette, and engaging in battle on Manassas Plains on the 30th of August following, the few companies sent out in February, 1862, returned to Indianapolis to find six new companies raised under the call of July, 1862, ready to embrace the fortunes of the 63d. So strengthened, the regiment went forth to battle, and continued to lead in the paths of honor and fidelity until mustered out in May and June, 1865. The 64th Regimb;nt failed in organization as an artillery corps,- but orders received from the War Department prohibiting the con- solidation of independent batteries, put a stop to any further move in the matter. However, an infantry regiment bearing the same number was afterward organized. The 65th was mustered in at Princeton and Evansville, in July and August, 1862, under Col. J. W. Foster, and left at once en. route for the front. The record of this battalion is creditable, not; only to its members, but also to the State which claimed it. Ita 164 HISTORY OF INDIANA. last action during the war was on the 18th and 20th of February, 1865, at Fort Anderson and Town creek, after which, on the 22d June, it was disbanded at Greensboro. The 66th Regiment partially organized at New Albany, under Commandant Roger Martin, was ordered to leave for Kentucky on the 19tli of August, 1862, for the defense of that State against the incursions of Kirby Smith. After a .brilliant career it was mus- tered out at Washington on the 3d of June, 1865, after which it returned to Indianapolis to receive the thanks of a grateful people. The 67th Regiment was organized within the Third Congressional District under Col. Frank Emerson, and was ordered to Louisville on the 20th of August, 1862, whence it marched to Munfordville, only to share the same fate with the otiier gallant regiments en- gaged against Gen. Bragg's advance. Its roll of honor extends down the years of civil disturbance, — always adding garlands, un- til Peace called a truce in the fascinating race after fame, and insured a term of rest, wherein its members could think on comrades forever vanished, and temper the sad thought with the sublime mem- ories born of that chivalrous .fight for the maintenance and integri- ty of a great Republic. At Galveston on the 19th of July, 1865, the gallant 67th Regiment was mustered out, and returning within a few days to its State received the enthusiastic ovations of her citi- zens. The 68th Regiment, orgaiuized at Greensburg under Major Ben- jamin C. Shaw, was accepted for general service the 19th of August, 1862, under Col. Edward A. King, with Major Shaw as Lieutenant Colonel; on the 25th its arrival at Lebanon was reported and with- in a few days it appeared at the defense of Munfordville; but shar- ing in the fate of all the defenders, it surrendered unconditionally to Gen. Bragg and did not participate further in the actions of that year, nor until after the exchange of prisoners in 1863. From this period it may lay claim to an enviable history extending to the end of the war, when it was disembodied. The 69th Regiment, of Richmond, Ind., under Col. A. Bickle, left for the front on the 20th oi August, 1862, and ten days later made a very brilliant stand at Richmond, Kentucky, against the advance of Gen. Kirby Smith, losing in the engagement two hundred and eighteen men and officers together with its liberty. After an exchange of prisoners the regiment was reorganized under Col. T. W. Bennett and took the field in December, 1862, under HISTOKY OF INDIANA. 165 Generals Sheldon, Morgan and Sherman of Grant's army. Chick- asaw, Vicksburg, Blakely and many other names testify to the valor of the 69th. The remnant of the regiment was in January, 1865, formed into a battalion under Oran Perry, and was mustered out in July following. The 70th E.EGIMENT was organized at Indianapolis on the 13th of August, 1862, under Col. B. Harrison, and leaving for Louisville on the 13th, shared in the honors of Bruce's division at Franklin and Eussellville. The record of the regiment is brimful of honor. It was mustered out at Washington, June 8, 1865, and received at Indianapolis with public honors. The 71sT OE Sixth Cavalry was organized as an infantry regi- ment, at Terre Haute, and mustered into general service at Indian- apolis on the 18th of August, 1862, under Lieut. -Col. Melville D. Topping. Twelve days later it was engaged outside Eichmond, Kentucky, losing two hundred and fifteen oificers and men, includ- ing Col. Topping and Major Conklin, together with three hundred and forty-seven prisoners, only 225 escaping death and capture. After an exchange of prisoners the regiment was re-formed under Col. I. Bittle, but on the 28th of December it surrendered to Gen. J. H. Morgan, who attacked its position at Muldraugh's Hill with a force of 1,000 Confederates. During September and October, 1863, it was organized as a cavalry regiment, won distinction throughout its career, and was mustered out the 15th of September, 1865, at Murfreesboro. The 77th Regiment was organized at Lafayette, and left enroute to Lebanon, Kentucky, on the 17th of August, 1862. Under Col. Miller it won a series of honors, and mustered out at Nashville on the 26th of June, 1865. The 73sD Regiment, under Col. Gilbert Hathaway, was mustered in at South Bend on the 16th of August, 1862, and proceeded im- mediately to the front. Day's Gap, Crooked Creek, and the high eulogies of Generals Rosencrans and Granger speak its long and brilliant history, nor were the welcoming shouts of a great people and the congratulations of Gov. Morton, tendered to the regiment on its return home, in July, 1865, necessary to sustain its well won reputation. The 74th Regiment, partially organized at Fort Wayne and made almost complete at Indianapolis, left for the seat of war on tlie 22d of August, 1862, under Col. Charles W. Chapman. The desperate opposition to Gen. Bragg, and the magnificent defeat of Morgan, 166 HISTORY OF INDIANA. together with the battles of Dallas, Chattahoochie river, Kenesaw and Atlanta, where Lieat. Col. Myron Baker was killed, all bear evi- dence of its never surpassed gallantry. It was mustered out of ser- vice on the 9th of June, 1865, at Washington. On the return of the regiment to Indianapolis, the war Governor and people tendered it special honors, and gave expression to the admiration and regard in which it was held. The 75th Regiment was organized within the Eleventh Congress- ional District, and left Wabash, on the 21st of August, 1862, for the front, under Col. I. W. Petit. It was the first regiment to enter Tullahoma, and one of the last engaged in the battles of the Repub- lic. After the submission of Gen. Johnson's army, it was mustered out at Washington, on the 8th of June 1865. The 76th Battalion was solely organized for thirty days' service under Colonel James Gavin, for the purpose of pursuing the rebel guerrilas, who plundered Newburg on the 13th July, 1862. It was organized and equipped within forty-eight hours, and during its term of service gained the name, " The Avengers of Newburg." The 77th, or Fourth Cavalry, was organized at the State capi- tal in August, 1862, under Colonel Isaac P. Gray. It carved its way to fame over twenty battlefields, and retired from service at Edgefield, on the 29th June, 1865. The 79th Regiment was mustered in at Indianapolis on the 2nd September, 1862, under Colonel Fred Knefier. Its history may be termed a record of battles, as the great numbers of battles, from 1862 to the conclusion of hostilities, were participated in by it. The regiment received its discharge on the 11th June, 1865, at Indianapolis. During its continued round of field duty it captured eighteen guns and over one thousand prisoners. The 80th Regiment was organized within the First Congress- ional District under Col. C. Denby, and equipped at Indianapolis, when, on the 8th of September, 1862, it left for the front. During its term it lost only two prisoners; but its list of casualties sums up 325 men and officers killed and wounded. The regiment may be said to muster out on the 22nd of June, 1865, at Saulsbury. The 81sT Regiment, of New Albany, under Colonel W. W. Caldwell, was organized on the 29th August, 1862, and proceeded at once to join Buell's headquarters, and join in the pursuit of General Bragg. Throughout the terrific actions of the war its influence was felt, nor did its labors cease until it aided in driving the rebels across the Tennessee. It was disembodied at Nashville HISTORY OF INDIANA. 167 on the 13th June, 1865, and returned to Indianapolis on the 15th, to receive the well-merited congratulations of Governor Morton and the people. The 82nd Regimext, under Colonel Morton C. Hunter, was mustered in at Madison, Ind., on the 30th August, 1862, and leaving immediately for the seat of war, participated in many of the great battles down to the return of peace. It was mustered out at Washington on the 9th June, 1865, and soon returned to its State to receive a grand recognition of its faithful service. The 83rd Regiment, of Lawrenceburg, under Colonel Ben. J. Spooner, was organized in September, 1862, and soon left eii route to the Mississippi. Its subsequent history, the fact of its being under fire for a total term of 4,800 hours, and its wanderings over 6,285 miles, leave nothing to be said in its defense. Master of a thousand honors, it was mustered out at Louisville, on the 15th July, 1865, and returned home to enjoy a well-merited repose. The 84th Regiment was mustered in at Richmond, Ind., on the 8th September, 1862, under Colonel Nelson Trusler. Its first military duty was on the defenses of Covington, in Kentucky, and Cincinnati; but after a short time its labors became more con- genial, and tended to the great disadvantage of the slaveholding enemy on many well-contested fields. This, like the other State regiments, won many distinctions, and retired from the service on the 14th of June, 1865, at Nashville. The 85th Regiment was mustered at Terre Haute, under Colonel John P. Bayard, on the 2d September, 1862. On the 4th March, 1863, it shared in the unfortunate affair at Thompson's Station, when in common with the other regiments forming Coburn's Bri- gade, it surrendered to the overpowering forces of the rebel G-eneral, Forrest. In June, 1863, after an exchange, it again took the field, and won a large portion of that renown accorded to Indiana. It was mustered out on the 12th of June, 1865. The 86th Regiment, of La Fayette, left for Kentucky on the 26th August, 1862, under Colonel OrvilleS. Hamilton, and shared in the duties assigned to the 84th. Its record is very creditable, particu- larly that portion dealing with the battles of Nashville on the 15th and 16th December, 1864. It was mustered out on ^he 6tli of June, 1865, and reported within a few days at Indianapolis for discharge. The 87th Regiment, organized at South Bend, under Colonels Kline G. Sherlock and N. Gleason, was accepted at Indianapolis on the 31st of August, 1862, and left on the same day en route to 168 HI8T0EY OF INDIANA. the front. From Springfield and Ferryville on the 6th and 8th of October, 1862, to Mission Ridge, on the 25th of November, 1863, thence through the Atlanta campaign to the surrender of the South- ern armies, it upheld a gallant name, and met with a true and en- thusiastic welcome- home on the 21st of June, 1865, with a list of absent comrades aggregating 451. The 88th Regiment, organized within the Fourth Congressional District, under Col. Geo. Humphrey, entered the service on the 29th of August, 1862, and presently was found among the front ranks in war. It passed through the campaign in brilliant form down to the time of Gen. Johnson's surrender to Gen. Grant, after which, on the tth of June, 1865, it was mustered out at Washing- ton. The 89th Regiment, formed from the material of the Eleventh Congressional District, was mustered in at Indianapolis, on the 28th of August, 1862, under Col. Chas. D. Murray, and after an exceedingly brilliant campaign was discharged by Gov. Morton on the 4th of August, 1865. The 90th Regiment, ob Fifth Cavalet, was organized at Indianapolis under the Colonelcy of Felix W. Graham, between August and November, 1862. The different companies, joining headquarters at Louisville on the 11th of March, 1863, engaged in observing the movements of the enemy in the vicinity of Cumber- land river until the 19th of April, when a first and successful brush was had with the rebels. The regiment had been in 22 en- gagements during the term of service, captured 640 prisoners, and claimed a list of casualties mounting up to the number of 829. It was mustered out on the 16th of J une, 1865, at Pulaski. The 91sT Battalion, of seven companies, was mustered into service at Evansville, the 1st of October. 1862, under Lieut.-Colonel John Mehringer, and in ten days later left for the front. In 1863 the regiment was completed, and thenceforth took a very prominent position in the prosecution of the war. During its ser- vice it lost 81 men, and retired from the field on the 26tli of June, 1865. The 92d Regiment failed in organizing. The 93d Regiment was mustered in at Madison, Ind., on the 20th of October, 1862, under Col. De "Witt C. Thomas and Lieut.- Col. Geo. W. Cam On the 9th of November it began a move- ment south, and ultimately allied itself to Buckland's Brigade of HISTORY OF INDIANA. 169 Gen. Sliennan's. On the 14th of May it was among the first regi- ments to enter Jackson, the capital of Mississippi; was next pres- ent at the assault on Vicksburg, and made a stirring campaign down to the storming of Fort Blakely on the 9th of April, 1865. It was discharged on the 11th of August, that year, at Indianapo- lis, after receiving a public ovation. The 94th and 95th Regiments, authorized to be formed within the Fourth and Fifth Congressional Districts, respectively, were only partially organized, and so the few companies that could be mustered were incorporated with other regiments. The 96th Regiment could only bring together three companies, in the Sixth Congressional District, and these becoming incoroo- rated with the 99th then in process of formation at South Bend, the number was left blank. The 97th Regiment, raised in the Seventh Congressional Dis- trict, was mustered into service at Terre Haute, on the 20th of September, 1861, under Col. Robert F. Catterson. Reaching the front within a few days, it was assigned a position near Memphis, and subsequently joined in Gen. Grant's movement on Vicksburg, by overland route. After a succession of great exploits with the several armies to which it was attached, it completed its list of battles at Bentonville, on the 21st of March, 1865, and was dis- embodied at Washington on the 9th of June following. During its term of service the regiment lost 341 men, including the three Ensigns killed during the assaults on rebel positions along the Augusta Railway, from the 15th to the 27th of June, 1864. The 98th Regiment, authorized to be raised within the Eighth Congressional District, failed in its organization, and the number was left blank in the army list. The two companies answering to the call of July, 1862, were consolidated with the 100th Regiment then being organized at Fort Wayne. The 99th Battalion, recruited within the Ninth Congressional District, completed its muster on the 21st of October, 1862, under Col. Alex. Fawler, and reported for service a few days later at Memphis, where it was assigned to the 16th Army Corps. The va- ried vicissitudes through which this regiment passed and its remark- able gallantry upon all occasions, have gained for it a fair fame. It was disembodied on the 5th of June, 1865, at Washington, and returned to Indianapolis on the 11th of the same month. The 100th Regiment, recruited from the Eighth and Tenth Congressional Districts, under Col. Sandford J. Stoughton, mustered 170 HISTOET OF INDIANA. into the service on the 10th of September, left for the front on the 11th of November, and became attached to the Army of Tennessee on the 26th of that month, 1862. The regiment participated in twenty-five battles, together with skirmishing during fully one-third of its term of service, and claimed a list of casualties mounting up to four hundred and sixty-four. It was mustered out of the ser- vice at Washington on the 9th of June, and reported at Indianapolis for discharge on the 14th of June, 1865. The lOlsT Regiment was mustered into service at Wabash on the 7th of September, 1862, under Col. William Garver, and pro- ceeded immediately to Covington, Kentucky. Its early experiences were gained in the pursuit of Bragg's army and John Morgan's cavalry, and these experiences tendered to render the regiment one of the most valuable in the war for the Republic. From the defeat of John Morgan at Milton on the 18th of March, 1863, to the fall of Savannah on the 23rd of September, 1863, the regiment won many honors, and retired from the service on the 25th of June, 1865, at Indianapolis. THE MOEGAN EAID REGIMENTS — MINUTE MEN. The 102d Regiment, organized under Col. Benjamin M. Gregory from companies of the Indiana Legion, and numbering six hun- dred and twenty-three men and oflBcers, left Indianapolis for the front early in July, and reported at North Vernon on the 12th of July, 1863, and having completed a round of duty, returned to In- dianapolis on the 17tli to be discharged. The 103d, comprising seven companies from Hendricks county, two from Marion and one from Wayne counties, numbering 681 men and officers, under Col. Lawrence S. Shuler, was contemporary with the 102d Regiment, varying only in its service by being mus- tered oat one day before, or on the 16th of July, 1863. The 104th Regiment of Minute Men was recruited from mem- bers of the Legion of Decatur, La Fayette, Madison, Marion and Rush counties. It comprised 714 men and officers under the command of Col. James Gavin, and was organized within forty hours after the issue of Governor Morton's call for minute men to protect Indiana and Kentucky against the raids of Gen. John H Morgan's rebel forces. After Morgan's escape into Ohio the command returned and was mustered out on the 18th of July, 1863. The 105th Regiment consisted of seven companies of the Legion and three of Minute Men, furnished by Hancock, Union, Randolph, HISTORY OF INDIANA. 171 Putnam, Wayne, Clinton and Madison counties. The command numbered seven hundred and thirteen men and officers, under Ool. Sherlock, and took a leading part in the pursuit of Morgan. Ke- turningon the 18th of July to Indianapolis it was mustered out. The 106th Eegiment, under Col . Isaac P. Gray, consisted of one company of the Legion and nine companies of Minute Men, aggregating seven hundred and ninety-two men and officers. The counties of Wayne, Eandolph, Hancock, Howard, and Marion were represented in its rank and file. Like the other regiments organized to repel Morgan, it was disembodied in July, 1863. The 107th Regiment, under Col. De Witt C. Rugg, was organ- ized in the city of Indianapolis from the companies' Legion, or Ward Guards. The successes of this promptly organized regiment were unquestioned. The 108th Regiment comprised five companies of Minute Men, from Tippecanoe county, two from Hancock, and one from each of the counties known as Carroll, Montgomery and Wayne, aggregat- ing 710 men and officers, and all under the command of Col. W. C. Wilson. After performing the only duties presented, it returned from Cincinnati on the 18th of July, and was mustered out. The 109th Regiment, composed of Minute Men from Coles county. 111., La Porte, Hamilton, Miami and Randolph counties, Ind., showed a roster of 709 officers and men, under Ool. J. R. Mahon. Morgan having escaped from Ohio, its duties were at an end, and returning to Indianapolis was mustered out on the 17th of July, 1863, after seven days' service. The 110th Regiment of Minute Men comprised volunteers from Henry, Madison, Delaware, Cass, and Monroe counties. The men were ready and willing, if not really anxious to go to the front. But happily the swift-winged Morgan was driven away, and conse- quently the regiment was not called to the field. The 111th Regiment, furnished by Montgomery, Lafayette, Rush, Miami, Monroe, Delaware and Hamilton counties, number- ing 733 men and officers, under Col. Robert Canover, was not requisitioned. The 112th Regiment was formed from nine companies of Min- ute Men, and the Mitchell Light Infantry Company of the Legion. Its strength was 703 men and officers, under Col. Hiram F. Brax- ton. Lawrence, Washington, Monroe and Orange counties were represented on its roster, and the historic names of North Yernon and Sunman's Station on its banner. Returning from the South 172 HISTORY OF INDIANA. after seven days' service, it was mustered out on the 17tli of July, 1863. The 113th Regiment, furnished by Daviess, Martin, "Washington, and Monroe counties, comprised 626 rank and tile under Col. Geo. W. Burge. Like, the 1 12th, it was assigned to Gen. Hughes' Brigade, and defended North Vernon against the repeated attacks of John II. Morgan's forces. The 114:TH Regiment was wholly organized in Johnson county, under Col. Lambertson, and participated in the afiair of North Yernon. Returning on the 2l8t of July, 1863, with its brief but faithful record, it was disembodied at Indianapolis, 11 days after its organization. * All these regiments were brought into existence to meet an emergency, and it must be confessed, that had not a sense of duty, military instinct and love of country animated these regi- ments, the rebel General, John H. Morton, and his 6,000 cavalry would doubtless have carried destruction as far as the very capital of their State. SIX months' regiments. The 115th Regiment, organized at Indianapolis in answer to the call of the President in June, 1863, was mustered into service on the lYth of August, under Col. J. R. Mahon. Its service was short but brilliant, and received its discharge at Indianapolis the 10th of February, 1864. The 116th Regiment, mustered in on the I7th of August, 1863, moved to Detroit, Michigan, on the 30th, under Col. Charles "Wise. During October it was ordered to Nicholasville, Kentucky, where it was assigned to Col. Mahon's Brigade, and with Gen. "Willcox's entire command, joined in the forward movement to Cumberland Gap. After a term on severe duty it returned to Lafayette and there was disembodied on the 24:th of February, 1864, whither Gov. Morton hastened, to share in the ceremonies of welcome. The 117th Regiment of Indianapolis was mustered into service on the 17th of September, 1863, under Col. Thomas J. Brady. After surmounting every obstacle opposed to it, it returned on the 6th of February, 1864, and was treated to a public reception on the 9th. The 118th Regiment, whose organization was completed on the 3d of September, 1863, under Ool. Geo. W. Jackson, joined the 116th at Nicholasville, and sharing in its fortunes, returned to the HISTORY OF INDIANA. , 173 State capital on the 14th of Febniary, 1861. Its casualties were comprised in a list of 15 killed and wounded. The 11 9th, or Seventh Cavalry, was recruited under Col. John P. C. Shanks, and its organization completed on the 1st of Octo- ber, 1863. The rank and tile numbered 1,213, divided into twelve companies. On the 7th of December its arrival at Louisville was reported, and on the 14th it entered on active service. After the well-fought battle of Guntown, Mississippi, on the 10th of J une, 1864, although it only brought defeat to our arms. General jGrrier- son addressed the Seventh Cavalry, saying: " Your General con- gratulates you upon your noble conduct during the late expedition. Fighting against overwhelming numbers, under adverse circum- stances, your prompt obedience to orders and unflinching courage commanding the admiration of all, made even defeat almost a vic- tory. For hours on foot you repulsed the charges of the enemies' in- fantry, and again in the saddle you met his cavalry and turned his assaults into confusion. Your heroic perseverance saved hundreds of your fellow-soldiers from capture. You have been faithful to your honorable reputation, and have fully justified the confidence, and merited the high esteem of your commander." Early in 1865, a number of these .troops, returning from impris- onment in Southern bastiles, were lost on the steamer "Sultana." The survivors of the campaign continued in the service for a long period after the restoration of peace, and finally mustered out. The 120th Regiment. In September, 1863, Gov. Morton re- ceived authority from the War Department to organize eleven regi- ments within the State for three years' service. By April, 1864, this organization was complete, and being transferred to the com- mand of Brigadier General Alvin P. Hovey, were formed by him into a division for service with the Army of Tennessee. Of those regiments, the 120th occupied a very prominent place, both on ac- count of its numbers, its perfect discipline and high reputation. It was mustered in at Columbus, and was in all the great battles of the latter years of the war. It won high praise from friend and foe, and retired with its bright roll of honor, after the success of Right and Justice was accomplished. The 121st, ok Ninth Cavalky, was mustered in March 1, 1864, under Ool. George W. Jackson, at Indianapolis, and tliough not numerically strong, was so well equipped and possessed such excel- lent material that on the 3rd of May it was ordered to the front. The record of the 12l8t, though extending over a brief period, is 174: HISTOEY OF INDIANA. pregnant with deeds of war of a high character. On the 26th of April, 1865, these troops, while returning from their labors in the South, lost 55 men, owing to the explosion of the engines of the steamer " Sultana." The return of the 386 survivors, on the 5th of September, 1865, was hailed with joy, and proved how well and dearly the citizens of Indiana loved their soldiers. The 122d Kkgiment ordered to be raised in the Third Congres- sional District, owing to very few men being then at home, failed in organization, and the regimental number became a blank. The 123d Regiment was furnished by the Fourth and Seventh Congressional Districts during the winter of lS63-'64, and mus- tered, March 9, 1864, at Greensburg, under Col. John C. McQuis- ton. The command left for the front the same day, and after win- ning rare distinction during the last years of the campaign, par- ticularly in its gallantry at Atlanta, and its daring movement to escape Forrest's 15,000 rebel horsemen near Franklin, this' regi- ment was discharged on the 30th of August, 1865, at Indianapolis, being mustered out on the 25th, at Raleigh, North Carolina. The 124th Regiment completed its organization by assuming three companies raised for the 125th Regiment (which was intended to be cavalry), and was mustered in at Richmond, on the 10th of March, 1864, under Colonel James Burgess, and reported at Louis- ville within nine days. From Buzzard's Roost, on the 8th of May, 1864, under General Schofield, Lost Mountain in June, and the capture of Decatur, on the 15th July, to the 21st March, 1865, in its grand advance under General Sherman from Atlanta to the coast, the regiment won many laurel wreaths, and after a brilliant campaign, was mustered out at Greensboro on the 31st August, 1865. The 125th, or Tenth Cavalet, was partially organized during November and December, 1862, at Vincennes, and in February, 1863, completed its numbers and equipment at Columbus, under Colonel T. M. Pace. Early in May its arrival in Nashville was reported, and presently assigned active service. During September and October it engaged rebel contingents under Forrest and Hood, and later in the battles of Nashville, Reynold's Hill and Sugar Creek, and in 1865 Flint River, Courtland and Mount Hope. The explosion of the Sultana occasioned the loss of thirty-five men with Captain Gaffney and Lieutenants Twigg and Reeves, and in a collision on the Nashville & Louisville railroad, May, 1864, lost five men killed and several wounded. After a term of service un- HISTOKY OF IKDIANA. 175 surpassed for its utility and character it was disembodied at Yicks- burg, Mississippi, on the 31st August, 1865, and returning to Indianapolis early in September, was welcomed by the Executive and people. The 126th, or Eleventh Cavalky, was organized at Indian- apolis under Colonel Eobert R. Stewart, on the 1st of March, 1864, and left in May for Tennessee. It took a ver}"^ conspicuous part in the defeat of Hood near Nashville, joining in the pursuit as far as Gravelly Springs, Alabama, where it was dismounted and assigned infantry duty. In June, 1865, it was remounted at St. Louis, and moved to Fort Uiley, Kansas, and thence to Leavenworth, where it was mustered out on the 19th September, 1865. The 127th, or Twelfth Cavalry, was partially organized at Kendallville, in December, 1863, and perfected at the same place, under Colonel Edward Anderson, in April, 1864. Reaching the front in May, it went into active service, took a prominent part in the march through Alabama and Georgia, and after a service bril- liant in all its parts, retired from the field, after discharge, on the 22d of November, 1865. The 128th Regiment was raised in the Tenth Congressional Dis- trict of the period, and mustered at Michigan City, under Colonel E. P. De Hart, on the 18th March, 1864. On the 25th it was reported at the front, and assigned at once to Schofield's Division. The battles of Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Dalton, Brentwood Hills, Nashville, and the six days' skirmish of Columbia, were all participated in by the 128th, and it continued in service long after the termination of hostilities, holding the post of Raleigh, North Carolina. The 129th Regiment was, like the former, mustered in at Michigan City about the same time, under Colonel Charles Case, and moving to the front on the 7th April, 1864, shared in the for- tunes of the 128th until August 29, 1865, when it was disembodied at Charlotte, Notrh Carolina. The 130th Regiment, mustered at Kokomo on the 12th March, 1864, under Colonel C. S. Parrish, left en route to the seat of war ,on the 16th, and was assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, at Nashville, on the 19th. During the war it made for itself a brilliant history, and returned to Indian- apolis with its well-won honors on the 13th December, 1865. The 131sT, OE Thirteenth Cavalry, under Colonel G. M L. Johnson, was the last mounted regiment recruited within the State. 176 HISTOET OF INDIANA. It left Indianapolis on the 30th of April, 1864, in infantry trim, and gained its first honors on the Ist of October in its magnificent defense of Huntsville, Alabama, against the rebel division of General Buford, following a line of first-rate military conduct to the end. In January, 1865, the regiment was remounted, won some distinction in its modern form, and was mustered out at Yicksburg on the 18th of November, 1865. The morale and services of the regiment were such that its Colonel was promoted Brevet Brigadier-General in consideration of its merited honors. THE ONE HUNDEED-DATS VOLUNTEEES. Governor Morton, in obedience to the offer made under his auspices to the general Government to raise volunteer regiments for one hun- dred days' service, issued his call on the 23rd of April, 1864. This movement suggested itself to the inventive genius of tlie war Gov- ernor as a most important step toward the subjection or annihila- tion of the military supporters of slavery within a year, and thus conclude a war, which, notwithstanding its holy claims to the name of Battles for Freedom, was becoming too protracted, and proving too detrimental to the best interests of the Union. In answer to the esteemed Governor's call eight regiments came forward, and formed The Grand Division of the Volunteers. The 132d Re&iment, under Col. S. C. Vance, was furnished by Indianapolis, Shelby ville, Franklin and Danville, and leaving on the 18th of May, 1864, reached the front where it joined the forces acting in Tennessee. The 133d Eegiment, raised at Eichmond on the 17th of May, 1864, under Col. K. N. Hudson, comprised nine companies, and followed the 132d. The 134th Regiment, comprising seven companies, was organ- ized at Indianapolis on the 25th of Maj, 1864, under Col. James Gavin, and proceeded immediately to the front. The 135th Eegiment was raised from the volunteers of Bedford, Noblesville and Goshen, with seven companies from the First Con- gressional District, under Col. W, 0. Wilson, on the 25th of May, 1864, and left at once en route to the South. The 136th Eegiment comprised ten companies, raised in the same districts as those contributing to the 135th, under Col. J. W. Foster, and left for Tennessee on the 24th of May, 1864. The 137th Eegiment, under Col. E. J. Eobinson,^ comprising volunteers from Kokomo, Zanesville, Medora, Sullivan, Eockville, HISTORY OF INDIANA. 177 and Owen and Lawrence counties, left en route to Tennessee on the 28th of May, 1864, having completed organization the day previous. The 138th Eegimext was formed of seven companies from the Ninth, with three from the Eleventh Congressional District (un- reformed), and mustered in at Indianapolis on the 27th of May, 1864, under Col. J. H. Shannon. This fine regiment was re- ported at the front within a few days. The 139th Kegiment, under Col. Geo. Humphrey, was raised from volunteers furnished by Kendallville, Lawrenceburg, Elizaville, Kuightstown, Connersville, Newcastle, Portland, Yevay, New Albany, Metaniora, Colnmbia City, New Haven and New Phila- delphia. It was constituted a regiment on the 8th of June, 1864, and appeared among the defenders in Tennessee during that month. All these regiments gained distinction, and won an enviable po- sition in the glorious history of the war and the no less glorious one of their own State in its relation thereto. THE PEESIDENt's CALL OF JULY, 1864. The 140th Kegiment was oi-ganized with many others, in response to the call of the nation. Under its Colonel, Thomas J. Brady, it pro- ceeded to the South on the 15th of November, 1864. Having taken a most prominent part in all the desperate struggles, round Nash- ville and Murfreesboro in 1864, to Town Creek Bridge on the 20th of February, 1865, and completed a continuous round of severe duty to the end, arrived at Indianapolis for discharge on the 21st of July, where Governor Morton received it with marked honors. The 14 1st Regiment was only partially raised, and its few com- panies were incorporated with Col. Brady's command. The 142d Eegiment was recruited at Fort "Wayne, under Col. I. M. Comparet, and was mustered into service at Indianapolis on the d of November, 1864. After a steady and exceedingly effective service, it returned to Indianapolis on the 16th of July, 1865. the president's call of DECEMBER, 1864, Was answered by Indiana in the most material terms. No less than fourteen serviceable regiments were placed at the disposal of the General Government. The 143d Regiment was mustered in, under Col J. T. Grill, on the 21st February, 1865, reported at Nashville on the 24th, and af- ter a brief but brilliant service returned to the State on the 2l8t October, 1865. 178 HISTORY OF INDIANA. The 144th Regiment, under Col. G. W. Riddle, was mustered in on the 6th March, 1865, left on the 9th for Harper's Ferry, took an eflfective part in the close of the campaign and reported at Indian- apolis for discharge on the 9th August, 1865. The 145th Regiment, under Col. "W", A. Adams, left Indianapolis on the 18th of February, 1865, and joining Gen. Steadman's division at Chattanooga on the 23d was sent on active service. Its duties were discharged with rare fidelity until mustered out in January, 1866. The 146th Regiment, under Col. M. C. Welsh, left Indianapolis on the 11th of March en route to Harper's Ferry, where it was as- signed to the army of the Shenandoah. The duties ot this regiment were severe and continuous, to the period of its muster out at Bal- timore on the 31st of August, 1865. The 147th Regiment, comprised among other volunteers from Benton, Lafayette and Henry counties, organized under Col. Milton Peden on the 13th of March, 1865, at Indianapolis. It shared a fortune similar to that of the 146th, and returned for discharge on the 9th of August, 1865. The 148th Regiment, under Col. N. R. Ruckle, left the State capital on the 28th of February, 1865, and reporting at Nashville, was sent on guard and garrison duty into the heart of Tennessee. Returning to Indianapolis on the 8tli of September, it received a final discharge. The 149th Regiment was organized at Indianapolis by Col. W. H. Fairbanks, and left on the 3d of March, 1865, for Tennessee, where it had the honor of receiving the surrender of the rebel forces, and military stores of Generals Roddy and Polk. The reg- iment was welcomed home by Morton on the 29th of September. The 150th Regiment, under Col. M. B. Taylor, mustered in on the 9th of March, 1865, left for the South on the 13th and reported at Harper's Ferry on the 17th. This regiment did guard duty at Charleston, Winchester, Stevenson Station, Gordon's Springs, and after a service characterized by utility, returned on the 9th of August to Indianapolis for discharge. The 151st Regiment, under Col. J. Healy, arrived at Nashville on the 9th of March, 1865. On the 14th a movement on Tullahoma was undertaken, and three months later returned to, Nashville for garrison duty to the close of the war. It was mustered out on the 22d of September, 1865. The 152d Regiment was organized at Indianapolis, under Col. o w < [-I HISTOKY OF INDIANA. I6i W. W Griswold, and left for Harper's Ferry on the 18th of March, 1865. It was attached to the provisional divisions of Shenandoah Army, and engaged until the 1st of September, when it was dis- charged at Indianapolis. The 153d Kegiment was organized at Indianapolis on the 1st of March, 1865, under Col. O. H. P. .Carey. It reported at Louis- ville, and by order of Gen. Palmer, was held on service in Ken- tucky, where it was occupied in the exciting but very dangerous pastime of fighting Southern guerrillas. Later it was posted at Louisville, until mustered out on the 4th of September, 1865. The 154th Eegiment, organized under Col. Frank "Wilcox, left Indianapolis under Major Simpson, for Parkersburg, W. Virginia, on the 28th of April, 1865. It was assigned to guard and garrison duty until its discharge on the 4th ef August, 1865. The 155th Regiment, recruited throughout the State, left on the 26th of April for Washington, and was afterward assigned .to a provisional Brigade of the Ninth Army Corps at Alexandria. The companies of this regiment were scattered over the country, — at Dover, Centreville, Wilmington, and Salisbury, but becoming re- united on the 4th of August, 1865, it was mustered out at Dover, Delaware. The 156TII Battalion, under Lieut.-Colonel Charles M. Smith, left en route to the Shenandoah Valley on the 27th of April, 1865, where it continued doing guard duty to the period of its muster out the 4th of August, 1865, at Winchester, Yirginia. On the return of these regiments to Indianapolis, Gov. Morton and the people received them with all that characteristic cordiality and enthusiasm peculiarly their own. independent CAVALKY company of INDIANA VOLUNTEERS. The people of Crawford county, animated with that inspiriting patriotism which the war drew forth, organized this mounted com- pany on the 25th of July, 1863, and placed it at the disposal of the Government, and it was mustered into service by order of the War Secretary, on the 13th of August, 1863, under Captain L. Lamb. To the close of the year it engaged in the laudable pursuit of arresting deserters and enforcing the draft; however, on the 18th of January, 1864, it was reconstituted and incorporated with the Thirteentii Cavalry, with which it continued to serve until the treason of Americans against America was conquered. 182 HISTORY OF INDIANA. OUR COLORED TROOPS. The 28th Regiment of Colored Troops was recruited through- <)iit the State of Indiana, and under Lieut.-Colonel Charles S. Eussell, left Indianapolis for the fronton the 24rth of April, 1864. The regiment acted very well in its first engagement with the rebels at White House, Virginia, and again with Gea. Sheridan's Cavalry, in the swamps of the Ohickahominy. In the battle of the " Crater," it lost half its roster; but their place was soon filled by other colored recruits from the State, and Russell promoted to the Colonelcy, and afterward to Brevet Brigadier-General, when he was succeeded in the command by Major Thomas H. Logan. During the few months of its active service it accumulated quite a history, and was ultimately discharged, on the 8th of January, 1866, at Indianapolis. batteries of light artillery. First Battery, organized at Evansville, under Captain Martin Klauss, and mustered in on the 16th of August, 1861, joined Gen. Fremont's army immediately, and entering readily upon its salu- tary course, aided in the capture of 950 rebels and their position at Blackwater creek. On March the 6th, 1862 at Elkhorn Tavern, and on the 8th at Pea Ridge, the battery performed good service. Port Gibson, Champion Hill, Jackson, the Teche country, Sabine Cross Roads, Grand Encore, all tell of its efficacy. In 1864 it was subjected to reorganization, when Lawrence Jacoby was raised to the Captiancy, vice Klauss resigned. After a long term of useful service, it was mustered out at Indianapolis on the 18th of August, 1865. Second Battery was organized, under Captain D. G. Rabb, at Indianapolis on the 9th of August, 1861, and one month later pro- ceeded to the front. It participated in the campaign against Col. Cofiee's irregular troops and the rebellious Indians of the Cherokee nation. From Lone Jack, Missouri, to Jenkin's Ferry and Fort Smith it won signal honors until its reorganization in 1864, and even after, to June, 1865, it maintained a very fair reputation. The Third Battery, under Capt. W. W. Frybarger, was organ- ized and mustered in at Connersville on the 24th of August, 1861, and proceeded immediately to join Fremont's Army of the Mis- souri. Moon's Mill, Kirksville, Meridian, Fort de Russy, Alex- andria, Round Lake, Tupelo, Clinton and Tallahatchie are names HISTOEY OF INDIANA. 183 which may be engraven on its guns. It participated in the affairs before Nashville ou the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, when General Hood's Army was put to route, and at Fort Blakely, out- side Mobile, after which it returned home to report for discharge, August 21, 1865. The Fourth Batteet, recruited in La Porte, Porter and Lake counties, reported at the front early in October, 1861, and at once assumed a prominent place in the army of Gen. Buell. Again under Rosencrans and McCook and under General Siieridan at Stone River, the services of this battery were much praised, and it retained its well-earned reputation to the very day of its muster out — the 1st of August, 1865. Its first organization was completed under Gapt. A. K. Bush, and reorganized in Oct., 1864, under Capt B. F. Johnson. The Fifth Batteht was furnished by La Porte, Allen, Whitley and Noble counties, organized under Gapt. Peter Simonson, and mus- tered into service on the 22d of November, 1861. It comprised four six pounders, two being riiied cannon, and two twelve-pounder Howitzers with a force of 158 men. Reporting at Camp Gil- bert, Louisville, on the 29th, it was shortly after assigned to the division of Gen. Mitchell, at Bacon Creek. During its term, it served in twenty battles and numerous petty actions, losing its Cap- tain at Pine Mountain. The total loss accruing to the battery was 84 men and officers and four guns It was mustered out on the 20th of July, 1864. The Sixth Batteet was recruited at Evansville, under Captain Frederick Behr, and left, on the 2d of Oct., 1861, for the front, reporting at Henderson, Kentucky, a few days after. Early in 1862 it joined Gen. Sherman's army at Paducah, and participated in the battle of Shiloli, on tlie 6th of April. Its history grew in brilliancy until the era of peace insured a cessation of its great labors. The Seventh Batteet comprised volunteers from Terre Haute, Arcadia, Evansville, Salem, Lawrenceburg, Columbus, Vin- cennes and Indianapolis, under Samuel J. Harris as its first Captain, who was succeeded by G. R. Shallow and O. H. Mor- gan after its reorganization. From the siege of Corinth to the capture of Atlanta it performed vast services, and returned to Indianapolis on the 11th of July, 1865, to be received by the peo- ple and hear its history from the lips of the veteran patriot and Governor of the State. 184 HISTORY OF INDIANA. The Eighth Battery, under Captain G. T. Cochran, arrived at the front on the 26th of February, 1862, and subsequently entered upon its real duties at the siege of Corinth. It served with dis- tinction throughout, and concluded a v/ell-made campaign under Will Stokes, vsrlio was appointed Captain of the companies with which it was consolidated in March, 1865. The Ninth Battery'. The organization of this battery was perfected at Indianapolis, on the 1st of January, 1862, under Capt. JM. S. Thompson. Moving to the front it participated in the affairs of Shiloh, Corinth, Queen's Hill, Meridian, Fort Dick Taylor, Fort de Russy, Henderson's Hill, Pleasant Hill, Cotile Landing, Bayou Rapids, Mansura, Chicot, and many others, winning a name in each engagement. The explosion of the steamer Eclipse at Johnson- ville, above Paducah, on Jan. 27, 1865, resulted in the destruction of 58 men, leaving only ten to represent the battery. The survivors reached Indianapolis on the 6th of March, and were mustered out. The Tenth Battery was recruited at Lafayette, and mustered in under Capt. Jerome B. Cox, in January, 1861. Having passed through the Kentucky campaign against Gen. Bragg, it partici- pated in many of the great engagements, and finally returned to report for discharge on the 6th of July, 1864, having, in the mean- time, won a very fair fame. The Eleventh Battery was organized at Lafayette, and mus- tered in at Indianapolis under Capt. Arnold Sutermeister, on the 17th of December, 1861. On most of the principal battle-fields, from Shiloh, in 1862, to the capture of Atlanta, it maintained a high reputation for military excellence, and after consolidation with the Eighteenth, mustered out on the 7th of June, 1866. Tiie Twelfth Battery was recruited at Jeffdrsonvilie and sub- sequently mustered in at Indianapolis. On the 6th of March, 1862, it reached Nashville, having been previously assigned to Buell's Army. In April its Captain, G. "W. Sterling, resigned, and the position devolved on Capt. James E. White, who, in turn, was suc- ceeded by James A. Dunwoody. The record of the battery holds a first place in the history of the period, and enabled both men and ofiicers to look back with pride upon the battle-fields of the land. It was ordered home in June, 1865, and on reaching Indianapolis, on the 1st of July, was mustered out on the 7th of that month. The Thirteenth Battery was organized under Captain Sewell Coulson, during the winter of 1861, at Indianapolis, and proceeded to the front in February, 1862. During the subsequent months it HISTORY OF INDIANA. 185 was occupied in the pursuit of John H. Morgan's raiders, and aided effectively in driving them from Kentucky. This artillery company returned from the South on the 4th of July, 1865, and were discharged the day following. The FouBTEENTH Battery, recruited in Wabash, Miami, Lafay- ette, and Huntington counties, under Captain M. H. Kid d, and Lieutenant J. W. H. McGuire, left Indianapolis on the 11th of April, 1862, and within a few months one portion of it was cap- tured at Lexington by Gen. Forrest's great cavalry command. The main battery lost two guns and two men at Guntown, on the Mis- sissippi, but proved more successful at Nashville and Mobile. It arrived home on the 29th of August, 1866, received a public wel- come, and its final discharge. The Fifteenth Battery, under Captain I. C. H. Yon Sehlin, was retained on duty from the date of its organization, at IiSlian- apolis, until the 6th of July, 1862, when it was moved to Harper's Ferry. Two months later the gallant defense of Maryland Heights was set at naught by the rebel Stonewall Jackson, and the entire garrison surrendered. Being paroled, it was reorganized at Indian- apolis, and appeared again in the field in March, 1863, where it won a splendid renown on every well-fought field to the close of the war. It was mustered out on the 24th of June, 1865. The Sixteenth Battery was organized at Lafayette, under Capt. Charles A. Naylor, and on the 1st of June, 1862, left for "Washington. Moving to the front with Gen. Pope's command, it participated m the battle of Slaughter Mountain, on the 9th of August, and South Mountain, and Antietam, under Gen. McClel- lan. This battery was engaged in a large number of general en- gagements and flying column affairs, won a very favorable record, and returned on the 5th of July, 1865. The Seventeenth Battery, under Capt. Milton L. Miner, was mustered in at Indianapolis, on the 20th of May, 1862, left for the front on the 6th of July, and subsequently engaged in the Gettys- burg expedition, was present at Harper's Ferry, July 6, 1863, and at Opequan on the 19th of September. Fisher's Hill, New Mar- ket, and Cedar Creek brought it additional honors, and w^on from Gen, Sheridan a tribute of praise for its service on these battle grounds. Ordered from Winchester to Indianapolis it was mus- tered out there on the 3d of July, 1866. The Eighteenth Battery, under Capt. Eli Lilly, left for the ISfi HISTORY OF INDIANA. front in Angust, 1862, but did not take a leading part in the cam- paign until 1863, when, under Gen. Rosencrans, it appeared prom- inent at Hoover's Gap. From this period to the affairs of West Point and Macon, it performed first-class service, and returned to its State on the 25th of June, 1865. The ISTiNETEENTH Batteet was mustered into service at Indian- apolis, on the 6th of August, 1862, under Capt. S. J. HarriSj and proceeded immediately afterward to the front, where it participated in the campaign against Gen. Bragg. It was present at every post of danger to the end of the war, when, after the surrender of John- son's army, it returned to Indianapolis. Keaching that city on the 6th of June, 1865, it was treated to a public reception and received the congratulations of Gov. Morton. Four days later it was discharged. TBfe Twentieth Batteey, organized under Capt. Frank A. Rose, left the State capital on the 17th of December, 1862, for the front, and reported immediately at Henderson, Keutuckj^ Subsequently Captain Rose resigned, and, in 1863, under Capt. Osborn, turned over its guns to the 11th Indiana Battery, and was assigned to the charge of siege guns at Nashville. Gov. Morton had the battery supplied with new field pieces, and by the 5th of October, 1863, it was again in the field, where it won many honors under Sherman, and continued to exercise a great influence until its return on the 23d of June, 1865. The TwENTY-FiEST Batteey recruited at Indianapolis, under the direction of Captain "W". W. Andrew, left on the 9th of September, 1862, for Covington, Kentucky, to aid in its defense against the advancing forces of Gen. Kirby Smith. It was engaged in numerous military affairs and may be said to acquire many honors, although its record is stained with the names of seven deserters. The battery was discharged on the 21st of June, 1865. The Twenty-second Batteey was mustered in at Indianapolis on the 15th of December, 1862, under Capt. B. F. Denning, and moved at once to the front. It took a very conspicuous part in the pursuit of Morgan's Cavalry, and in many other affairs. It threw the first shot into Atlanta, and lost its Captain, who was killed in the skirmish line, on the 1st of July. While the list of casualties numbers only 35, that of desertions numbers 87. This battery was received with public honors on its return, the 25th of June, 1865, and mustered out on the 7th of the same month. HISTORY OF INDIANA. 187 The TwENTT-THiED Batteey, recruited in October 1862, and mustered in on the 8th of November, under Capt. I. H. Myers, pro- ceeded south, after having rendered verj efficient services at home in guarding the camps of rebel prisoners. In July, 1865, the battery took an active part, under General Boyle's command, in routing and capturing the raiders at Brandenburgh, and subsequently to the close of the war performed very brilliant exploits, reaching Indianapolis in June, 1865. It was discharged on the 27th of that month. The Twenty-fourth Battery, under Capt. I. A. Simms, was enrolled for service on the 29th of November, 1862; remained at Indianapolis on duty until the ISthof March, 1863, when it left for the field. From its participation in the Cumberland Kiver campaign, to its last engagement at Columbia, Tennessee, it aided materially in bringing victory to the Union ranks and 'made for itself a widespread fame. Arriving at Indianapolis on the 2Sth of July, it was publicly received, and in five days later disembodied. The Twenty-fifth Battery was recruited in September and Oc- tober, 1864, and mustered into service for one year, under Capt. Frederick C. Sturm. December 13th, it reported at Nashville, and took a prominent part in the defeat of Gen. Hood's army. Its duties until July, 1865, were continuous, when it returned to report for final discharge. The Twenty-sixth Battery, or "Wilder's Battery," was re- cruited under Capt. I. T. "Wilder, of Greensburg, in May, 1861; but was not mustered in as an artillery company. Incorporating itself with a regiment then forming at Indianapolis it was mustered as company "A," of the 17th Infantry, with Wilder as Lieutenant- Colonel of the regiment. Subsequently, at Elk "Water, Yirginia, it was converted into the "First Independent Battery," and became known as " Eigby's Battery." The record of this battery is as brilliant as any won during the war. On every field it has won a distinct reputation; it was well worthy the enthusiastic reception given to it on its return to Indianapolis on the 11th and 12th of July, 1865. During its term of service it was subject to many transmutations; but in every phase of its brief history, areputation for gallantry and patriotism was maintained which now forms a living testirnonial to its services to the public. The total number of battles in the " "War of the Eebellion " in which the patriotic citizens of the great and noble State of Indiana were more or less engaged, was as J^lows: 188 HISTORY OF INDIANA. Locality. No. of Battles. Locality. No. of Battles. Virginia 90 Maryland 7 Tennessee 51 Texas 3 Georgia 41 South Carolina 2 Mississippi 24 Indian Territory 2 Arkansas 19 Pennsylvania 1 Kentucky 16 Ohio 1 Louisana 15 Indiana 1 Missouri 9 North Carolina 8 Total 308 The regiments sent forth to the defense of the Republic in the hour of its greatest peril, when a host of her own sons, blinded by some unholy infatuation, leaped to arms that they might trample upon the liberty-giving principles of the nation, have been passed in very brief review. The authorities chosen for the dates, names, and figures are the records of the State, and the main subject is based upon the actions of those 267,000 gallant men of Indiana who rushed to arms in defense of all for which their fathers bled, leaving their wives and children and homes in the guardianship of a truly paternal Government. The relation of Indiana to the Republic was then established; for when the population of the State, at the time her sons went forth to participate in war for the maintenance of the Union, is brought into comparison with all other States and countries, it will be apparent that the sacrifices made by Indiana from 1861-'65 equal, if not actually exceed, the noblest of those recorded in the history of ancient or modern times. Unprepared for the terrible inundation of modern wickedness, which threatened to deluge the country in a sea of blood and rob, a people of their richest, their most prized inheritance, the State rose above all precedent, and under the benign influence of patriot- ism, guided bj' the well-directed zeal of a wise Governor and Government, sent into the field an army that in numbers was gigantic, and in moral and physical excellence never equaled It is laid down in the ofiicial reports, furnished to the War De- partment, that over 200,000 troops were specially organized to aid in crushing the legions of the slave-holder; that no less than 50,000 militia were armed to defend the State, and that the large, but abso- lutely necessary number of commissions issued was 17,114. All this proves the scientific skill and military economy exercised by the Governor, and brought to the aid of the people in a most terri- ble emergency; for he, with some prophetic sense of the gravity of the situation, saw that unless the greatest powers of the Union were put forth to crush the least justifiable and most pernicions HISTOEY OF INDIANA. ISO of all rebellions holding a place in the record of nations, the best blood of the country would flow in a vain attempt to avert a catas- trophe which, if prolonged for many years, would result in at least the moral and commercial ruin of the country. The part which Indiana took in the war against the Eebellion is one of which the citizens of the State may well be proud. In the number of troops furnished, and in the amount of voluntary con- tributions rendered, Indiana, in proportion and wealth, stands equal to any of her sister States. " It is also a subject of gratitude and thankfulness," said Gov. Morton, in his message to the Legis- lature, " that, while the number of troops furnished by Indiana alone in this great contest would have done credit to a first-class nation, measured by the standard of previous wars, not a single battery or battalion from this State has brought reproach upon the national flag, and no disaster of the war can be traced to any want of fidelity, courage or efiiciency on the part of any Indiana officer. The endurance, heroism, intelligence and skill of the officers and soldiers sent forth by Indiana to do battle for the Union, have shed a luster on our beloved State, of which any people might justly be proud. Without claiming superiority over our loyal sister States, it is but justice to the brave men who have represented us on almost every battle-field of the war, to say that their deeds have placed Indiana in the front rank of those heroic States which rushed to the rescue 'of the imperiled Government of the nation. The total number of troops furnished by the State for all terms of service exceeds 200,000 men, much the greater portion of them being for three years; and in addition thereto not less than 50,000 State militia have from time to time been called into active service to repel rebel raids and defend our southern border from inva- sion." AFTEE THE WAE. In 1867 the Legislature comprised 91 Republicans and 59 Dem- ocrats. Soon after the commencement of the session. Gov. Morton resigned his office in consequence of having been elected to the U. S. Senate, and Lieut.-Gov. Conrad Baker assumed the Executive chair during the remainder of Morton's term. This Legislature, by a very decisive vote, ratified the 14th amendment to the Federal Constitution, constituting all persons born in the country or sub- ject to its jurisdiction, citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside, without regard to race or color; reduc- lyO HISTOET OF INDIANA, ing the Congressional representation in any State in which thera should be a restriction of the exercise of the elective franchise on account of race or color; disfranchising persons therein named who shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellign against the United States; and declaring that the validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, shall not be questioned. This Legislature also passed an act providing for the registry of votes, the punishment of fraudulent practices at elections, and for the apportionment and compensation of a Board of Registration; this Board to consist, in each township, of two freeholders appointed by the County Commissioners, together with the trustee of such township ; in cities the freeholders are to be appointed in each ward by the city council. The measures of this law are very strict, and are faithfully executed. No cries of fraud in elections are heard in connection with Indiana. This Legislature also divided the State into eleven Congressional Districts and apportioned their representation; enacted a law for the protection and indemnity of all officers and soldiers of the United States and soldiers of the Indiana Legion, for acts done in the military service of the United States, an-d in the military ser- vice of the State, and in enforcing the laws and preserving the peace of the country; made definite appropriations to the severed benevolent institutions of the State, and adopted several measures for the encouragement of education, etc. In 1868, Indiana was the first in the field of national politics, both the principal parties holding State conventions early in the year. The Democrats nominated T. A. Hendricks for Governor, and denounced in their platform the reconstruction policy of the Bepublicaus; recommended that United States treasury notes be ■ substituted for national bank currency; denied that the General Government had a right to interfere with the question of suffrage in any of the States, and opposed negro suffrage, etc. ; while the Kepublicans nominated Conrad Baker for Governor, defended its reconstruction policy, opposed a further contraction of the currency, etc. The campaign was an exciting one, and Mr. Baker was elected Governor by a majority of only 961. In the Presidential election that soon followed the State gave Grant 9,572 more than Seymour. During 1868 Indiana j^resented claims to the Government for about three and a half millions dollars for expenses incurred in the war, and $1,958,917.94 was allowed. Also, this year, a legislative o t-l HISTORY OF INDIANA. I93 commission reported that $413,599.48 were allowed to parties suf- fering loss by the Morgan raid. This year Governor Baker obtained a site for the House of Kefuge. (See a subsequent page.) The Soldiers' and Seamen's Home, near Knightstown, originally established by private enter- prise and benevolence, and adopted by the Legislature of the previous year, was in a good condition. TJp to that date the insti- tution had afforded relief and temporary subsistence to 400 men who had been disabled in the war. A substantial brick building had been built for the home, while the old buildings were used for an orphans' department, in which were gathered 86 children of deceased soldiers. DIVOECE LAWS. By some mistake or liberal design, the early statute laws of Indiana on the subject of divorce were rather more loose than those of most other States in this Union; and this subject had been a matter of so much jest among the public, that in 1870 the Governor recommended to the Legislature a reform in this direction, which was pretty effectually carried out. Since that time divorces can be granted only for the following causes: 1. Adultery. 2. Impo- tency existing at the time of marriage. 3. Abandonment for two years. 4. Gruel and inhuman treatment of one party by the other. 5. Habitual drunkenness of either party, or the failure of the hus- band to make reasonable provision for the family. 6 The failure of the husband to make reasonable provision for the family for a period of two years. 7. The conviction of either party of an infamous crime. FINANCIAL. Were it not for political government the pioneers would have got along without money much longer than they did. The pressure of governmental needs was somewhat in advance of the monetary income of the first settlers, and the little taxation required to carry on the government seemed great and even oppressive, especially at certain periods. In November, 1821, Gov. Jennings convened the Legislature in extra session to provide for the payment of interest on the State debt and a part of the principal, amounting to $20,000. It was thought that a sufficient amount would be realized in the notes of the State bank and its branches, although they were considerably depreciated.. Said the Governor: " It will be oppressive if the State^ after the paper of this institution (State bank) was author- ized to be circulated in revenue, should be prevented by any assign, ment of the evidences of existing debt, from discharging at least so much of that debt with the paper of the bank as will absorb the collections of the present year; especially when their notes, after being made receivable by the agents of the State, became greatly depreciated by great mismanagement on the part of the bank itself. It ought not to be expected that a public loss to the State should be avoided by resorting to any measures which would not comport with correct views of public justice; nor should it be anticipated that the treasury of the United States would ultimately adopt measures to secure an uncertain debt which would inter- fere with arrangements calculated to adjust the demand against the State without producing any additional embarrassment." The state of the public debt was indeed embarrassing, as the bonds which had been executed in its behalf had been assigned. The exciting cause of this proceeding consisted in the machinations of unprincipled speculators. Whatever disposition the principal bank may have made of the funds deposited by the United States, the connection of interest between the steam-mill company and the bank, and the extraordinary accommodations, as well as their amount, effected by arrangements of the steam-mill agency and some of the officers of the bank, were among the principal causes which (194) HISTORY OF INDIANA. jgg had prostrated the paper circulating medium of the State, so far as it was dependent on the State bank and its branches. An abnormal state of affairs like this very naturally produced a blind disburse- ment of the fund to some extent, and this disbursement would be called by almost every one an " unwise administration." During the first 16 years of this century, the belligerent condi- tion of Europe called for agricultural supplies from America, and the consequent high price of grain justified even the remote pio- neers of Indiana in undertaking the tedious transportation of the: products of the soil which the times forced upon them. The large; disbursements made by the general Government among the peo- ple naturally engendered a rage for speculation; numerous banks- with fictitious capital were established; immense issues of paper- were made; and the circulating medium of the country was in- creased fourfold in the course of two or three years. This infla- tion produced the consequences which always follow such a scheme, namely, unfounded visions of wealth and splendor and the wild investments which result in ruin to the many and wealth to the few. The year 1821 was consequently one of great financial panic, and was the first experienced by the early settlers of the West. In 1822 the new Governor, William Hendricks, took a hopeful view of the situation, referring particularly to the " agricultural and social happiness of the State." The crops were abundant this year, immigration was setting in heavily and everything seemed to have an upward look. But the customs of the white race still com- pelling them to patronize European industries, combined with the remoteness of the surplus produce of Indiana from European mar- kets, constituted a serious drawback to the accumulation of wealth. Such a state of things naturally changed the habits of the people to some extent, at least for a short time, assimilating them to those: of more primitive tribes. This change of custom, however, was. not severe and protracted enough to change the intelligent and. social nature of the people, and they arose to their normal height, on the very first op'portunity. In 1822-'3, before speculation started up again, the surplus, money was invested mainly in domestic manufactories instead of other and wilder commercial enterprises. Home manufactories, were what the people needed to make them more independent. They not only gave employment to thousands whose services were- before that valueless, but also created a market for a great portioa 196 HISTORY OF INDIANA. of the surplus produce of the farmers. A part of the surphis cap- ital, however, was also sunk in internal improvements, some of which were unsuccessful for a time, but eventually proved remu- nerative. Noah Noble occupied the Executive chair of the State from 1831 to 1837, commencing his duties amid peculiar embarrassments. The crops of 1832 were short, Asiatic cholera came sweeping along the Ohio and into the interior of the State, and the Black Hawk war raged in the Northwest, — all these at once, and yet the work of internal improvements was actually begun. STATE BANK. The State bank of Indiana was established by law January 28, 1834. The act of the Legislature, by its own terms, ceased to be a law, January 1, 1857. At the time of its organization in 1834, its outstanding circulation was $4,208,725, with a debt due to the insti- tution, principally from citizens of the State, of $6,095,368. During the years 1857-'58 the bank redeemed nearly its entire circulation, providing for the redemption of all outstanding obligations; at this time it had collected from most of its debtors the money which they owed. The amounts of the State's interest in the stock of the bank was $1,390,000, and the money thus invested was procured by the issue of five per cent bonds, the last of which was payable July 1, 1866. The nominal profits of the bank were $2,780,604.36. By the law creating the sinking fund, that fund was appropriated, first, to pay the principal and interest on the bonds ; secondly, the expenses of the Commissioners; and lastly the cause of common-school educa- tion. The stock in all the branches authorized was subscribed by indi- viduals, and the installment paid as required by the charter. The loan authorized for the payment on the stock allotted to the State, amounting to $500,000, was obtained at a premium of 1.05 per per cent, on five per cent, stock, making the sum of over $5,000 on the amount borrowed. In 1836 we find that the State bank was doing good service; agricultural products were abundant, and the market was good; consequently the people were in the full enjoy- ment of all the blessings of a free government. By the year 1843 the State was experiencing the disasters and embarassment consequent upon a system of over-banking, and its natural progeny, over-trading and deceptive speculation. Such a state of things tends to relax the hand of industry by creating false HISTOKY OF INDIANA. 197 notions of wealth, and tempt to sudden acquisitions by means as delu- sive in their results as they are contrary to a primary law of nature. The people began more than ever to see the necessity of falling back upon that branch of industry for which Indiana, especially at that time, was particularly fitted, namely, agriculture, as the true and lasting source of substantial wealth. Gov. Whitcomb, 1843-'49, succeeded well in maintaining the credit of the State. Measures of compromise between the State and its creditors were adopted by which, ultimately, the public works, although incomplete, were given in payment for the claims against the Government. At the close of his term, Gov. Whitcomb was elected to the Senate of the United States, and from December, 1848, to Decem- ber, 1849, Lieut-Gov. Paris C. Dunning was acting Governor. In 1851 a general banking law was adopted which gave a new impetus to the commerce of the State, and opened the way for a broader volume of general trade ; but this law was the source of many abuses; currency was expanded, a delusive idea of wealth again prevailed, and as a consequence, a great deal of damaging speculation was indulged in. In 1857 the charter of the State bank expired, and the large gains to the State in that institution were directed to the promotion of common-school education. WEALTH AND PEOGEESS. During the war of the Kebellion the financial condition of the people was of course like that of the other Northern States generally. 1870 found the State in a very prosperous condition. October 31 of this year, the date of the fiscal report, there was a surplus of $373,249 in the treasury. The receipts of the year amounted to $3,605,6?9, and the disbursements to $2,943,600, leaving a balance of $1,035,288. The total debt of the State in November, 1871, was $3,937,821. At the present time the principal articles of export from the State are flour and pork. Nearly all the wheat raised within the State is manufactured into flour within its limits, especially in the north- ern part. The pork business is the leading one in the southern part of the State. When we take into consideration the vast extent of railroad lines in this State, in connection with the agricultural and mineral resources, both developed and undeveloped, as already noted, we can 198 HISTOET OF INDIANA. Bee what a substantial foundation exists for the future welfare of this great commonwealth. Almost every portion of the State is coming up equally. The disposition to monopolize does not exist to a greater degree than is desirable or necessary for healthy compe- tition. Speculators in flour, pork and other commodities appeared during the war, but generally came to ruin at their own game. The agricultural community here is an independent one, under- standing its rights, and " knowing them will maintain them." Indiana is more a manufacturing State, also, than many imagine. It probably has the greatest wagon and carriage manufactory in the world. In 1875 the total number of manufacturing establishments in this State was 16,812; number of steam engines, 3,684, with a total horse-power of 114,961; the total horse-power of water wheels, 38,614; number of hands employed in the manufactories, 86,402; capital employed, is $117,462,161 ; wages paid, $35,461,987; cost of material, $104,321,632; value of products, $301,304,271. These figures are on an average about twice what they were only five years previously, at which time they were about double what they were ten years before that. In manufacturing enterprise, it is said that Indiana, in proportion to her population, is considerably in advance of Illinois and Michigan. In 1870 the assessed valuation of the real estate in Indiana was $460,120,974; of personal estate, $203,334,070; true valuation of both, $1,268,180,543. According to the evidences of increase at that time, the value of taxable property in this State must be double the foregoing figures. This is utterly astonishing, especially when we consider what a large matter it is to double the elements of a large and wealthy State, compared with its increase in infancy. The taxation for State purposes in 1870 amounted to $2,943,078; for county purposes, $4,654,476; and for municipal purposes, $3,193,577. The total county debt of Indiana in 1870 was $1,127,- 269, and the total debt of towns, cities, etc., was $2,523,934. In the compilation of this statistical matter we have before us the statistics of every element of progress in Indiana, in the U. S. Census Eeports; but as it would be really improper for us further to burden these pages with tables or columns of large numbers, we will conclude by remarking that if any one wishes further details in these matters, he can readily find them in the Census Reports of the Government in any city or village in the country. Besides, almost any one can obtain, free of charge, from his representative in HISTOET OF 1NDIA.NA. 199 Congress, all these and other public documents in which he may be interested. INTERNAL IMPKOVEMENTS. This subject began to be agitated as early as 1818, during the administration of Governor Jennings, who, as well as all the Governors succeeding him to 1843, made it a special point in their messages to the Legislature to urge the adoption of measures for the construction of highways and canals and the improvement of the navigation of rivers. Gov. Hendricks in 1822 speciiied as the most important improvement the navigation of the Falls of the Ohio, the Wabash and White rivers, and other streams, and the construction of the National and other roads through the State. In 1826 Governor Ray considered the construction of roads and canals as a necessity to place the State on an equal financial footing with the older States East, and in 1829 he added: "This subject, can never grow ii'ksome, since it must be the source of the bless-! ings of civilized life. To secure its benefits is a duty enjoined upon the Legislature by the obligations of the social compact." In 1830 the people became much excited over the project of con- necting the streams of the country by " The National New York & Mississippi railroad." The National road and the Michigan and Ohio turnpike were enterprises in which the people and Legis- lature of Indiana were interested. The latter had already been the cause of much bitter controversy, and its location was then the subject of contention. In 1832 the work of internal improvements fairly commenced, despite the partial failure of the crops, the Black Hawk war and the Asiatic cholera. Several war parties invaded the Western settlements, exciting great alarm and some suiFering. This year the canal commissioners completed the task assigned them and had negotiated the canal bonds in New York city, to the amount of $100,000, at a premium of 13|- per cent., on terms honorable to the State and advantageous to the work. Before the close of tnis year $54,000 were spent for the improvement of the Michigan road, and $52,000 were realized from the sale of lands appropriated for its construction. In 1832, 32 miles of the Wabash and Erie canal was placed under contract and work commenced. A communication was addressed to the Governor of Ohio, requesting him to call the attention of the Legislature of that State to the subject of the extension of the canal from the Indiana line through Ohio to the 200 HISTOET OF INDIANA. Lake. In compliance with this request, Governor Lucas promptly laid the subject before the Legislature of the State, and, in a spirit of courtesy, resolutions were adopted by that body, stipulating that if Ohio should ultimately decline to undertake the completion of that portion of the work within her limits before the time fixed by the act of Congress for the completion of the canal, she would, on just and equitable terms, enable Indiana to availherself of the bene- fit of the lands granted, by authorizing her to sell them and invest the proceeds in the stock of a company to be incorporated by Ohio; and that she would give Indiana notice of her final determination on or before January 1, 1838. The Legislature of Ohio also authorized and invited the agent of the State of Indiana to select, survey and set apart the lands lying within that State. In keeping with this policy Governor Noble, in 1834, said: "With a view of engaging in works of internal improvement, the propriety of adopting a general plan or system, having reference to the several portions of the State, and the connection of one with the other, naturally suggests itself. No work should be commenced but such as would be of acknowledged public utility, and when completed would form a branch of some general system. In view of this object, the policy of organizing a Board of Public Works is again respectfully suggested." The Governor also called favorable atten- tion to the Lawrenceburg & Indianapolis railway, for which a charter had been granted. In 1835 the Wabash & Erie canal was pushed rapidly forward. The middle division, extending from the St. Joseph dam to the forks of the Wabash, about 32 miles, was completed, for about $232,000, including all repairs. Upon this portion of the line nav- igation was opened on July 4, which day the citizens assembled " to witness the mingling of the waters of the St. Joseph with those of the Wabash, uniting the waters of the northern chain of lakes with those of the Gulf of Mexico in the South." On other parts of the line the work progressed with speed, and the sale of canal lands was unusually active In 1836 the first meeting of the State Board of Internal Im- provement was convened and entered upon the discharge of its numerous and responsible duties. Having assigned to each mem- ber the direction and superintendence of a portion of the work, the next duty to be performed preparatory to the various spheres of active service, was that of procuring the requisite number of engineers. A delegation was sent to the Eastern cities, but returned HISTORY OF INDIANA. 201 without engaging an Engineer-in-Chiof for the roads and railways, and without the desired nucaber for the subordinate station; but after considerable delay the Board was fully organized and put in operation. Under their management work on public improve- ments was successful; the canal progressed steadily; the naviga- tion of the middle division, from Fort "Wayne to Huntington, was uninterrupted; 16 miles of the line between Huntington and La Fontaine creek were filled with water this year and made ready for navigation ; and the remaining 20 miles were completed, except a portion of the locks; from La Fontaine creek to Logansport prog- ress was made; the line from Georgetown to Lafayette was placed under contract; about 30 miles of the Whitewater canal, extending from Lawrenceburg through the beautiful valley of the White- water to Brookville, were also placed under contract, as also 23 ^miles of the Central canal, passing through Indianapolis, on which jwork was commenced; also about 20 miles of the southern divis- |ion of this work, extending from Evansville into the interior, were also contracted for; and on the line of the Cross-Cut canal, from Terre Haute to the intersection of the Central canal, near the mouth of Eel river, a commencement was also made on all the heavy sections. All this in 1836. Early in this year a party of engineers was organized, and directed to examine into the practicability of the Michigan & Erie canal line, then proposed. The report of their operations favored its expediency. A party of engineers was also fitted out, who entered upon the field of service of the Madison & Lafayette railroad, and contracts were let for its construction from Madison to Vernon, on which work was vigorously commenced. Also, con- tracts were let for grading and bridging the New Albany & Vin- cennes road from the former point to PaoJi, about 40 miles. Other roads were also undertaken and surveyed, so that indeed a stupendous system of internal improvement was undertaken, and as Gov. Noble truly remarked, upon the issue of that vast enter- prise the State of Indiana staked her fortune. She had gone too far to retreat. In 1837, when Gov. Wallace took the Executive chair, the reaction consequent upon "over work" by the State in the internal improvement scheme began to be felt by the people. They feared a State debt was being incurred from which they could never be extricated; but the Governor did all he could throughout the term of his administration to keep up the courage of the citizens. He 202 UISTOKY OF INDIANA. told them that the astonishing success so far, surpassed even the liopes of the most sanguine, and that the flattering auspices of the future were sufficient to dispel every doubt and quiet every fear. Notwithstanding all his efforts, however, the construction of pub- lic works continued to decline, and in his last message he exclaimed: " Never before — ^I speak it advisedly — never before have you wit- nessed a period in our local history that more urgently called for the exercise of all the soundest and best attributes of grave and patriotic legislators than the present. * * * The truth is — and it would be folly to conceal it — we have our hands full — full to overflowing; and therefore, to sustain ourselves, to preserve the credit and character of the State unimpaired, and to continue her hitherto unexampled march to wealth and distinction, we have not an hour of time, nor a dollar of money, nor a hand employed in labor, to squander and dissipate upon mere objects of idleness, or taste, or amusement." The State had borrowed $3,827,000 for internal improvement pur- poses, of which $1,327,000 was for the Wabash & Erie canal and the remainder for other works. The five per cent, interest on debts — about $200,000 — which the State had to pay, had become burdensome, as her resources for this purpose were only two, besides direct taxation, and they were small, namely, the interest on the balances due for canal lands, and the proceeds of the third installment of the surplus revenue, both amounting, in 1838, to about $45,000. In August, 1839, all work ceased on these improvements, with one or two exceptions, and most of the contracts were surrendered to the State. This was done according to an act of the Legislature providing for the compensation of contractors by the issue of treasury notes. In addition to this state of aflairs, the Legisla- ture of 1839 had made no provision for the payment of interest on the State debt incurred for internal improvements. Concerning this situation Gov. Bigger, in 1840, said that either to go ahead with the works or to abandon them altogether would be equally ruinous to the State, the implication being that the people should wait a little while for a breathing spell and then take hold again. Of course much individual indebtedness was created during the progress of the work on internal improvement. When operations ceased in 1839, and prices fell at the same time, the people were left in a great measure without the means of commanding money to pay their debts. This condition of private enterprise more than HISTORY OF INDIANA. 203 ever rendered direct taxation inexpedient. Hence it became the policy of Gov. Bigger to provide tlie means of paying the interest on the State debt without increasing the rate of taxation, and to continue that portion of the public works that could be immedi- ately completed, and from which the earliest returns could be expected. In 1840 the system embraced ten different works, the most im- portant of which was the Wabash & Erie canal. The aggregate length of the lines embraced in the system was 1,160 miles, and of this only 140 miles had been completed. The amount expended had reached the sum of $5,600,000, and it required at least $14,000,- 000 to complete them. Although the crops of 1841 were very remunerative, this perquisite alone was not sufficient to raise the State again up to the level of going ahead with her gigantic works. We should here state in detail the amount of work completed and of money expended on the various works up to this time, 1841, which were as follows: 1. The Wabash & Erie canal, from the State line to Tippe- canoe, 129 miles in length, completed and navigable for the whole length, at a cost of $2,041,012. This sum includes the cost of the steamboat lock afterward completed at Delphi. 2. The extension of the Wabash & Erie canal from the mouth of the Tippecanoe to Terre Haute, over 104 miles. The estimated cost of this work was $1,500,000; and the amount expended for the same $408,855. The navigation was at this period opened as far down as Lafayette, and a part of the work done in the neighbor- hood of Covington. 3. The cross-cut canal from Terre Haute to Central canal, 49 miles in length; estimated cost, $718,672; amount expended, $420,679; and at this time no part of the course was navigable. 4. The White Water canal, from Lawrenceburg to the mouth of Nettle creek, 76^ miles; estimated cost, $1,675,738; amount expended to that date, $1,099,867; and 31 miles of the work was navigable, extending from the Ohio river to Brookville. 6. The Central canal, from the Wabash & Erie canal, to Indianapolis, including the feeder bend at Muncietown, 124 miles in length; total estimated cost, $2,299,853; amount expended, $568,046 ; eight miles completed at that date, and other portions nearly done. 204 HISTOBT OF INDIANA. 6. Central canal, from Indianapolis to Evansville on the Ohio river, 194 miles in length; total estimated cost, $3,532,394; amount expended, $831,302, 19 miles of which was completed at that date, at the southern end, and 16 miles, extending south from Indianan- olis, were nearly completed. 7. Erie & Michigan canal, 182 miles in length; estimated cost, $2,624,823; amount expended, $156,394. No part of this work finished. 8. The Madison & Indianapolis railroad, over 85 miles in length; total estimated cost, $2,046,600; amount expended, $1,493,- 013. Hoad finished and in operation for about 28 miles; grad- ing nearly finished for 27 miles in addition, extending to Eden- burg. 9. Indianapolis & Lafayette turnpike road, 73 miles in length; total estimated cost, $593, 737; amount expended, $72,118. The bridging and most of the grading was done on 27 miles, from Crawfordsville to Lafayette. 10. New Albany & Vincennes turnpike road, 105 miles in length; estimated cost, $1,127,295; amount expended, $654,411. Forty-one miles graded and macadamized, extending from New Albany to Paoli, and 27 miles in addition partly graded. 11. Jeffersonville & Crawfordsville road, over 164 miles long; total estimated cost, $1,651,800; amount expended, $372,737. Forty-five miles were partly graded and bridged, extending from Jeffersonville to Salem, and from Greencastle north. 12. Improvement of the Wabash rapids, undertaken jointly by Indiana and Illinois; estimated cost to Indiana, $102,500; amount expended by Indiana, $9,539. Grand totals: Length of roads and canals, 1,289 miles, only 281 of which have been finished; estimated cost of all the works, $19,914,424; amount expended, $8,164,528. The State debt at this time amounted to $18,469,146. The two principal causes which aggravated the embarrassment of the State at this juncture were, first, paying most of the interest out of the money borrowed, and, secondly, selling bonds on credit. The first error subjected the State to the payment of compound interest, and the people, not feeling the pressure of taxes to discharge the interest, natu- rally became inattentive to the public policy pursued. Postpone- ment of the payment of interest is demoralizing in every way. During this period the State was held up in an unpleasant manner before the gaze of the world; but be it to the xiredit of this great HISTORY OF INDIANA. 205 'and glorious State, she would not repudiate, as many other States and municipalities have done. By the year 1850, the so-called "internal improvement" system having been abandoned, private capital and ambition pushed for- ward various "public works." During this year about 400 miles of plank road were completed, at a cost of $1,200 to $1,500 per mile, and about 1,200 miles more were surveyed and in progress. There were in the State at this time 212 miles of railroad in suc- cessful operation, of which 124 were completed this year. More than 1,000 miles of railroad were surveyed and in progress. An attempt was made during the session of the Legislature in 1869 to re-burden the State with the old canal debt, and the matter was considerably agitated in the canvass of 1870. The subject of the "Wabash & Erie canal was lightly touched in the Republican plat- form, occasioning considerable discussion, which probably had some effect on the election in the fall. That election resulted in an average majority in the State of about 2,864 for the Democracy. It being claimed that the Legislature had no authority under the constitution to tax the people for the purpose of aiding in the con- struction of railroads, the Supreme Court, in Anril, 1871, decided adversely to such a claim, GEOLOGY. In 1869 the development of mineral resources in the State attracted considerable attention. Rich mines of iron and coal were discovered, as also fine quarries of building stone. The Vincennes railroad passed through some of the richest portions of the mineral region, the engineers of which had accurately determined the quality of richness of the ores. Near Brooklyn, about 20 miles from Indianapolis, is a fine formation of sandstone, yielding good material for buildings in the city; indeed, it is considered the best building stone in the State. The limestone formation at Gosport, continuing 12 miles from that point, is of great variety, and includes the finest and most durable building stone in the world. Portions of it are susceptible only to the chisel; other portions are soft and can be worked with the ordinary tools. At the end of this limestone iprmation there commences a sandstone series of strata which extends seven miles farther, to a point about 60 miles from Indianapolis. Here an extensive coal bed is reached consisting of seven distinct veins. The first is about two feet thick, the next three feet, another four feet, and the others of various thicknesses. 206 HISTORY OF INDIANA. These beds are all easily worked, having a natural drain, and they yield heavy profits. In the whole of the southwestern part of the State and for 300 miles up the Wabash, coal exists in good quality and abundance. The scholars, statesmen and philanthropists of Indiana work- ed hard and long for the appointment of a State Geologist, with sufficient support to enable him to make a thorough geological survey of the State. A partial survey was made as early as 1837-'8, by David Dale Owen, State Geologist, but nothing more was done until 1869, when Prof. Edward T. Cox was appointed State Geolo- gist. For 20 years previous to this date the Governors urged and insisted in all their messages that a thorough survey should be made, but almost, if not quite, in vain. In 1852, Dr. Ryland T. Brown delivered an able address on this subject before the Legis- lature, showing how much coal, iron, building stone, etc., there were probably ; in the State, but the exact localities and qualities not ascertained, and how millions of money could be saved to the State by the expenditure of a few thousand dollars; but "they answered the Doctor in the negative. It must have been because they hadn't time to pass the bill. They were very busy. They had to pass all sorts of regulations concerning the negro. They had to protect a good many white people from marrying negroes. And as they didn't need any labor in the State, if it was ' colored,' they had to make regulations to shut out all of that kind of labor, and to take steps to put out all that unfortunately got in, and they didn't have time to consider the scheme proposed by the white people." — W. W. Clayton. In 1853, the State Board of Agriculture employed Dr. Brown to make a partial examination of the geology of the State, at a salary of $500 a year, and to this Board the credit is due for the final success of the philanthropists, who in 1869 had the pleasure of witnessing the passage of a Legislative act " to provide for a Depart- ment of Geology and Natural Science, in connection with the State Board of Agriculture." Under this act Governor Baker immedi- ately appointed Prof. Edward T. Oox the State Geologist, who has made an able and exhaustive report of the agricultural, mineral and manufacturing resources of this State, world-wide in its celeb- rity, and a work of which the people of Indiana may be very proud. We can scarcely give even the substance of his report in a work like this, because it is of necessity deeply scientific and made up entirely of local detail. niSTOEY OF INDIANA. 207 COAL. The coal measures, says Prof. E. T. Cox, cover an area of about 6,500 square miles, in the soutliwestern part of the State, and extend from Warren county on the north to the Ohio river on the south, a distance of about 150 miles. This area comprises the fol- lowing counties :Warrea, Fountain, Parke, Vermillion, Yigo, Clay, Sullivan, Greene, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Gibson, Pike, Dubois, Vanderburg, Warrick, Spencer, Perry and a small part of Crawford, Monroe, Putnam and Montgomery. This coal is all bituminous, but is divisible into three well-marked varieties: caking-coal, non-caking-coal or block coal and cannel coal. The total depth of the seams or measures is from 600 to 800- feet, with 12 to 14 distinct seams of coal ; but these are not all to be found throughout the area ; the seams range from one foot to eleven feet in thickness. The caking coal prevails in the western portion of the area described, and has from three to four workable seams, ranging from three and a half to eleven feet in thickness. At most of the places where these are worked the coal is mined by adits driven in on the face of the ridges, and the deepest shafts in the State are less than 300 feet, the average depth for successful mining not being over 75 feet. This is a bright, black, sometimes glossy, coal, makes good coke and contains a very large percentage of pure illuminating gas. One pound will yield about 4^ cubic feet of gas, with a power equal to 15 standard sperm candles. The average calculated calorific power of the caking coals is 7,745 heat units, pure carbon being 8,080. Both in the northern and southern portions of the field, the caking coals present similar good qualities, and are a great source of private and public wealth. The block coal prevails in the eastern part of the field and has an area of about 450 square miles. This is excellent, in its raw state, for making pig iron. It is indeed peculiarly fitted for metal- lurgical purposes. It has a laminated structure with carbonaceous matter, like charcoal, between the lamina, with slaty cleavage, and it rings under the stroke of the hammer. It is " free-burning," makes an open fire, and v^ithout caking, &welling, scaffolding in the furnace or changing form, burns like hickory wood until it is con- sumed to a white ash and leaves no clinkers. It is likewise valuable for generating steam and for household uses. Many of the principal railway lines in the State are using it in preference to any other coal, as it does not burn out the fire-boxes, and gives as little trouble as wood. 208 HISTORY OF INDIANA. There are eight distinct seams of block coal in this zone, three of which are workable, having an average thickness of four feet. In some places this coal is mined by adits, but generally from shafts, 40 to 80 feet deep. The seams are crossed by cleavage lines, and the coal is usually mined without powder, and may be taken out in blocks weighing a ton or more. When entries or rooms are driven angling across the cleavage lines, the walls of the mine present a zigzag, notched appearance resembling a Virginia worm fence. In 1871 there were about 24 block coal mines in operation, and about 1,500 tons were mined daily. Since that time this industry has vastly increased. This coal consists of 81 J to 83| percent, of carbon, and not quite three fourths of one per cent, of sulphur. Calculated calorific power equal to 8,283 heat units. This coal also is equally good both in the northern and southern parts of the field. The great Indiana coal field is within 150 miles of Chicago or Michigan City, by railroad, from which ports the Lake Superior specular and red hematite ores are landed from vessels that are able to run in a direct course from the ore banks. Considering the proximity of the vast quantities of iron in Michigan and Missouri one can readily see what a glorious future awaits Indiana in respect to manufactories. Of the cannel coal, one of the finest seams to be found in the country is in Daviess county, this State. Here it is three and a half feet thick, underlaid by one and a half feet of a beautiful, jet- black caking coal. There is no clay, shale or other foreign matter intervening, and fragments of the caking coal are often found adhering to the cannel. There is no gradual change from one to the other, and the character of each is homogeneous throughout. The cannel coal makes a delightful fire in open grates, and does not pop and throw off scales into the room, as is usual with this kind of coal. This coal is well adapted to the manufacture of illuminating gas, in respect to both quantity and high illuminating power. One ton of 2,000 pounds of this coal yields 10,400 feet of gas, while the best Pennsylvania coal yields but 8,680 cubic feet. This gas has an illuminating power of 25 candles, while the best Pennsylvania coal gas has that of only 17 candles. Cannel coal is also found in great abundance in Perry, Greene, Parke and Fountain counties, where its commercial value has already been demonstrated. Numerous deposits of bog iron ore are found in the northern part of the State, and clay iron-stones and impure carbonates and brown HISTOKT OF INDIANA. 20& oxides are found scattered in the vicinity of the coal field. In some ■places the beds are quite thick and of considerable commercial value. An abundance of excellent lime is also found in Indiana, espe- cially in Huntington county, where many large kilns are kept in profitable operation. AGKICULTUEAL. In 1852 the Legislature passed an act authorizing the organization of county and district agricultural societies, and also establishing a State Board, the provisions of which act are substantially as follows : 1. Thirty or more persons in any one or two counties organizing into a society for the improvement of agriculture, adopting a consti- tution and by-laws agreeable to the regulations prescribed by the State Board, and appointing the proper ofiicers and raising a sum of $50 for its own treasury, shall be entitled to the same amount from the fund arising from show licenses in their respective counties. 2. These societies shall offer annual premiums for improvement of soils, tillage, crops, manures, productions, stock, articles of domestic industry, and such other articles, productions and improve- ments as they may deem proper; they shall encourage, by grant of rewards, agricultural andhousehold manufacturing interests, and so regulate the premiums that small farmers will have equal opportunity with the large; and they shall pay special attention to cost and profit of the inventions and improvements, requiring an exact, detailed statement of the processes competing for rewards. 3. They shall publish in a newspaper annually their list of awards and an abstract of their treasurers' accounts, and they shall report in full to the State Board their proceedings. Failing to do the latter they shall receive no payment from their county funds. STATE BOAED OF AGEICULTUEE. The act of Feb. 17, 1852, also established a State Board of Agri- culture, with perpetual succession; its annual meetings to be held at Indianapolis on the first Thursday after the first Monday in January, when the reports of the county societies are to be received and agricultural interests discussed and determined upon ; it shall make an annual report to the Legislature of receipts, expenses, proceedings, etc., of its own meeting as well as of those of the local 210 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. societies; it shall hold State fairs, at such times and places as they may deem proper; may hold two meetings a year, certifying to the State Auditor their expenses, who shall draw his warrant upon the Treasurer for the same. In 1861 the State Board adopted certain rules, embracing ten sections, for the government of local societies, but in 1868 they were found inexpedient and abandoned. It adopted a resolution admitting delegates from the local societies. THE EXPOSITION. As the Board found great difBculty in doing justice to exhibitors without an adequate building, the members went earnestly to work in the fall of 1872 to get up an interest in the matter. They appointed a committee of five to confer with the Councilor citizens of Indianapolis as to the best mode to be. devised for a more thorough and complete exhibition of the industries of the State. The result of the conference was that the time had arrived for a regular " exposition," like that of the older States. At the Janu- ary meeting in 1873, Hon. Thomas Dowling, of Terre Haute, reported for the committee that they found a general interest in this enterprise, not only at the capital, but also throughout the State. A sub-committee was appointed who devised plans and specifications for the necessary structure, taking lessons mainly from the Kentucky Exposition building at Louisville. All the members of the State Board were in favor of proceeding with the building except Mr. Poole, who feared that, as the interest of the two enterprises were somewhat conflicting, and the Exposition being the more exciting show, it would swallow up the State and county fairs. The Exposition was opened Sept. 10, 1873, when Hon. John Sutherland, President of the Board, the Mayor of Indianapolis, Senator Morton and Gov. Hendricks delivered addresses. Senator Morton took the high ground that the money spent for an exposi- tion is spent as strictly for educational purposes as that which goes directly into the common school. The exposition is not a mere show, to be idly gazed upon, but an industrial school where one should study and learn. He thought that Indiana had less untill- able land than any other State in the Union; 'twas as rich as any and yielded a greater variety of products; and that Indiana was the most prosperous agricultural community in the United States. HISTORY OF INDIANA. 213' The State had nearly 3,700 miles of railroad, not counting side- track, with 400 miles more under contract for building. In 15 or 18 months one can go from Indianapolis to every county in the State by railroad. Indiana has 6,500 square miles of coal field* 450 of which contain block" coal, the best in the United States, for manufacturing purposes. On the subject of cheap transportation, he said: " By the census of 1870, Pennsylvania had, of domestic animals of all kinds, 4,006,- 589, and Indiana, 4,511,094. Pennsylvania had grain to the amount of 60,460,000 bushels, while Indiana had 79,350,454. The value of the farm products of Pennsylvania was estimated to be $183,946,- 000; those of Indiana, $122,914,000. Thus you see that while Indiana had 505,000 head of live stock more, and 19,000,000 bushels of grain more than Pennsylvania, yet the products of Penn- sylvania are estimated at $183,946,000, on account of her greater proximity to market, while those of Indiana are estimated at only $122,914,000. Thus you can understand the importance of cheap transportation to Indiana. "Let us see how the question of transportation affects us on the other hand, with reference to the manufacturer of Bessemer steel. Of the 174,000 tons of iron ore used in the blast furnaces of Pitts- burg last year, 84,000 tons came from Lake Superior, 64,000 tons from Iron Mountain, Missouri, 20,000 tons from Lake Champlain, and less than 5,000 tons from the home mines of Pennsylvania. They cannot manufacture their iron with the coal they have in Pennsylvania without coking it. We have coal in Indiana with which we can, in its raw state, make the best of iron; while we are 250 miles nearer Lake Superior than Pittsburg, and 430 miles nearer to Iron Mountain. So that the question of transportation determines the fact that Indiana must become the great center for the manufacture of Bessemer steel." " Wliat we want in this country is diversified labor.'' The grand hall of the Exposition buildings is on elevated ground at the head of Alabama street, and commands a fine view of the city. The structure is of brick, 308 feet long by 150 in width, and two stories high. Its elevated galleries extend quite around the building, under the roof, thus affording visitors an opportunity to secure the most commanding view to be had in the city. The lower floor of the grand hall is occupied by the mechanical, geologi- cal and miscellaneous departments, and by the offices of the Board,, which extend along the entire front. The second floor, which is. 212 HISTORY OF INDIANA. approached by three wide stairways, accommodates the fine art, musical and other departments of light mechanics, and is brilliantly lighted by windows and skylights. But as we are here entering the description of a subject magnificent to behold, we enter a description too vast to complete, and we may as well stop here as anywhere. The Presidents of the State Fairs have been: Gov. J. A. Wright, 1852-'4; Gen. Jos. Orr, 1855; Dr. A. C. Stevenson, 1856-'8; G. D. "Wagner; 1859-60; D. P. HoUoway, 1861; Jas. D.Williams, 1862, 1870-'l; A. D. Hamrick, 1863, 1867-'9; Stearns Fisher, 1864-'6; John Sutherland, 1872-'4; Wm. Grim, 1875. Secretaries : John B. Dillon, 1852-'3, 1855, 1858- '9; Ignatius Brown, 1856-'7; W.T. Den- nis, 1854, 1860-'l; W.H. Loomis, 1862-'6; A. J. Holmes, 1867-'9; Joseph Poole, 1870-'l ; Alex. Heron, 1872-'5. Place of fair, Indian- apolis every year except: Lafayette, 1853; Madison, 1854; New Albany, 1859; Fort Wayne, 1865; and Terre Haute, 1867. In 1861 there was no fair. The gate and entry receipts increased from $4,651 in 1852 to $45,330 in 1874. On the opening of the Exposition, Oct. 7, 1874, addresses were delivered by the President of the Board, Hon. John Sutherland, and by Govs. Hendricks, Bigler and Pollock. Yvon's celebrated painting, the " Great Republic," was unveiled with great ceremony, and many distinguished guests were present to witness it. The exhibition of 1875 showed that the plate glass from the southern part of the State was equal to the finest French plate; that the force-blowers made in the eastern part of the State was of a world-wide reputation; that the State has within its bounds the largest wagon manufactory in the world ; that in other parts of the State there were all sorts and sizes of manufactories, including roll- ing mills and blast furnaces, and in the western part coal was mined and shipped at the rate of 2,500 tons a day from one vicinity; and many other facts, which " would astonish the citizens of Indiana themselves even more than the rest of the world. " INDIANA HOETIOULTUEAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1842, thus taking the lead in the West. At this time Henry Ward Beecher was a resident of Indian- apolis, engaged not only as a minister but also as editor of the Indiana Farmer and Gardener, and his influence was very exten- sive in the interests of horticulture, floriculture and farming. Prominent among his pioneer co-laborers were Judge Ooburn, HISTORY OF INDIANA. 213 Aaron Aldridge, Capt. James Sigarson, D. Y. CuUey, Reuben Ragan, Stephen Hampton, Cornelius Ratliff, Joshua Lindley, Abner Pope and many others. In the autumn of this year the society held an exhibition, probably the first in the State, if not in the West, in the hall of the new State house. The only pre- mium offered was a set of silver teaspoons for the best seedling apple, which was won by Reuben Ragan, of Putnam county, for an apple christened on this occasion the " Osceola." The society gave great encouragement to the introduction of new varieties of fruit, especially of the pear, as the soil and cli- mate of Indiana were well adapted to this fruit. But the bright horizon which seemed to be at this time looming up all around the field of the young society's operations was suddenly and thoroughly darkened by the swarm of noxious insects, diseases, blasts of win- ter and the great distance to market. The prospects of the cause scarcely justified a continuation of the expense of assembling from remote parts of the State, and the meetings of the society therefore soon dwindled away until the organization itself became quite extinct. But when, in 1852 and afterward, railroads began to traverse the Sj;ate in all directions, the Legislature provided for the organization of a State Board of Agriculture, whose scope was not only agri- culture but also horticulture and the mechanic and household arts. The rapid growth of the State soon necessitated a differentiation of this body, and in the autumn of 1860, at Indianapolis, there was organized the INDIANA POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. October 18, Reuben Ragan was elected President and Wm H. Loomis, of Marion county, Secretary. The constitution adopted provided for biennial meetings in January, at Indianapolis. At the first regular meeting, Jan. 9,, 1861, a committee-man for each congressional district was appointed, all of them together to be known as the " State Fruit Committee," and twenty-five members were enrolled during this session. At the regular meeting in 1863 the constitution was so amended as to provide for annual sessions, and the address of the newly elected President, Hon. I. G. D. Nel- son, of Allen county, urged the establishment of an agricultural college. He continued in the good cause until his work was crowned with success. 214 HISTORT OF INDIANA. In 1864 there was but little done on account of the exhaust- ive demands of the great war; and the descent of mercury 60° in eighteen hours did so much mischief as to increase the discourage- ment to the verge of despair. The title of the society was at this meeting, Jan., 1864 changed to that of the Indiana Horticultural Society. The first several meetings of the society were mostly devoted to revision of fruit lists ; and although the good work, from its vast- ness and complication, became somewhat monotonous, it has been no exception in this respect to the law that all the greatest and most productive labors of mankind require perseverance and toil. In 1866, George M. Beeler, who had so indefatigably served as secretary for several years, saw himself hastening to his grave, and showed his love for the cause of fruit culture by bequeathing to the society the sum of $1,000. This year also the State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction was induced to take a copy of the Society's transactions for each of the township libraries in the State, and this enabled the Society to bind its volume of proceedings in a substantial manner. At the meeting in 1867 many valuable and interesting papers ^ere presented, the office of corresponding secretary was created, and the subject of Legislative aid was discussed. The State Board •of Agriculture placed the management of the horticultural depart- ment of the State fair in the care of the Society. The report for 1868 shows for the first time a balance on hand, .after paying expenses, the balance being $61.55. Up to this time the Society had to take care of itself, — meeting current expenses, do- ing its own printing and binding, " boarding and clothing itself," and difljising annually an amount of knowledge, utterly incalcu- lable. Daring the year called meetings were held at Salem, in the peach and grape season, and evenings during the State fair, which was held in Terre Haute the previous fall. The State now assumed the cost of printing and binding, but the volume of transactions ■was not quite so valuable as that of the former year. In 1870 $160 was given to this Society by the State Board of Agriculture, to be distributed as prizes for essays, which object was faithfully carried out. The practice has since then been con- tinued. In 1871 the Horticultural Society brought out the best volume of papens and proceedings it ever has had published. HISTOKT OF INDIANA. 21S In 1872 the office of corresponding secretary was discontinued ; the appropriation by the State Board of Agriculture diverted to the payment of premiums on small fruits given at a show held the previous summer; results of the exhibition not entirely satisfac- tory. In 1873 the State officials refused to publish the discussions of the members of the Horticultural Society, and the Legislature appropriated $500 for the purpose for each of the ensuing two years. In 1875 the Legislature enacted a law requiring that one of the trustees of Purdue University shall be selected by the Horticultu- ral Society. The aggregate annual membership of this society from its organ- ization in 1860 to 1875 was 1,225. EDUCATION". The subject of education has been referred to in almost every gubernatorial message from the organization of the Territory to the present time. It is indeed the most favorite enterprise of the Hoosier State. In the first survey of Western lands, Congress, set apart a section of land in every township, generally the 16th,, for school purposes, the disposition of the land to be in hands of the residents of the respective townships. Besides tliis, to this State were given two entire townships for the use of a State Seminary, to be under the control of the Legislature. Also, the S'tate con- stitution provides that all fines for the breach of law and all com- mutations for militia service be appropriated to the use of county seminaries. In 1825 the common-school lands amounted to 680,207 acres, estimated at $2 an acre, and valued therefore at $1,216,0M. At this time the seminary at Bloomington, supported in part by one of these township grants, was very flourishing. The common schools, however, were in rather a poor condition. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. In 1852 the free-school system was fully established, which has resulted in placing Indiana in the lead of this great nation. Al- thouglx this is a pleasant subject, it is a very large one to treat in a condensed notice, as this has to be. The free-school system of Indiana fitst became practically oper- ative the first Monday of April, 1853, when the township trustees 216 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. for school purposes were elected through the State. The law com- mitted to them the charge of all the educational affairs in their respective townships. As it was feared by the opponents of the law that it would not be possible to select men in all the town- ships capable of executing the school laws satisfactorily, the people were thereby awakened to the necessity of electing their very best men ; and although, of course, many blunders have been made by trustees, the operation of the law has tended to elevate the adult population as well as the youth; and Indiana still adheres to the policy of appointing its best men to educational positions. The result is a grand surprise to all old fogies, who indeed scarcely dare to appear such any longer. To instruct the people in the new law and setthe educational machinery going, a pamphlet of over 60 pages, embracing the law, with notes and explanations, was issued from the office of a sjuper- intendent of public instruction, and distributed freely throughout the State. The first duty of the Board of Trustees was to establish and conveniently locate a sufficient number of schools for the edu- cation of all the children of their township. But where were the school-houses, and what were they? Previously they had been erected by single districts, but under this law districts were abol- ished, their lines obliterated, and houses previously built by dis- tricts became the property of the township, and all the houses were to be built at the expense of the township by an appropriation of township funds by the trustees. In some townships there was not a single school-house of any kind, and in others there were a few old, leaky, dilapidated log cabins, wholly unfit for use even in sum- mer, and in " winter worse than nothing." Before the people could be tolerably accommodated with schools at least 3,500 school-houses had to be erected in the State. By a general law, enacted in conformity to the constitution of 1852, each township was made a municipal corporation, and every voter in the township a member of the corporation ; the Board of Trustees constituted the township legislature as well as the execu- tive body, the whole body of voters, however, exercising direct con- trol through frequent meetings called by the trustees. Special taxes and every other matter of importance were directly voted upon. Some tax-payers, who were opposed to special townships' taxes, retarded the progress of schools by refusing to pay their assess- ment. Contracts for building school-houses were given up, houses HISTOET OF INDIANA. 217 half finished were abandoned, and in many townships all school operations were suspended. In some of them, indeed, a rumor was circulated by the enemies of the law that the entire school law from beginning to end had been declared by the Supreme Court uncon- stitutional and void; and the Trustees, believing this, actually dis- missed their schools and considered themselves out of office. Hon. W. 0. Larrabee, the (iirst) Superintendent of Public Instruction, corrected this error as soon as possible. But while the voting of special taxes was doubted on a constitu- tional point, it became evident that it was weak in a practical point; for in many townships the opponents of the system voted down every proposition for the erection of school-houses. Another serious obstacle was the great deficiency in the number of qualified teachers. To meet the newly created want, the law authorized the appointment of deputies in each county to examine and license persons to teach, leaving it in their judgment to lower the standard of qualification sufficiently to enable them to license as many as were needed to supply all the schools. It was therefore found necessary to employ many " unqualified " teachers, especially in the remote rural districts. But the progress of the times enabled the Legislature of 1853 to erect a standard of qualifica- tion and <^ive to the county commissioners the authority to license teachers; and in order to supply every school with a teaclier, while there might not be a sufficient number of properly qualified teach- ers, the commissioners were authorized to grant temporary licenses to take charge of particular schools not needing a high grade of teachers. In 1854: the available common-school fund consisted of the con- gressional township fund, the surplus revenue fund, the saline fund, the bank tax fund and miscellaneous fund, amounting in all to |2,460,G0O. This amount, from many sources, was subsequently increased to a very great extent. The common-school fund was intrusted to the several counties of the State, which were held responsible for the preservation thereof and for the payment of the annual interest thereon. The fund was managed by the auditors and treasurers of the several counties, for which these officers were allowed one-tenth of the income. It was loaned out to the citizens of the county in sums not exceeding $300, on real estate security. The common-school fund was thus consolidated and the proceeds equally distributed each year to all the townships, cities and towns. 218 HISTOET OF INDIANA. of the State, in proportion to the number of children. This phase of the law met with considerable opposition in 1854. The provisions of the law for the establishment of township libraries was promptly carried into effeet, and much time, labor and thought were devoted to the selection of books, special atten- tion being paid to historical works. The greatest need in 1854 vras for qualified teachers; but never- theless the progress of public education during this and following years was very great. School-houses were erected, many of them being fine structures, well furnished, and the libraries were consid- erably enlarged. The city school system of Indiana received a heavy set-back in 1858, by a decision of the Supreme Court of the State, that the law authorizing cities and townships to levy a tax additional to the State tax was not in conformity with that clause in the Constitu- tion which required uniformity in taxation. The schools were stopped for want of adequate funds. For a few weeks in each year thereafter the feeble " uniform " supply from the State fund en- abled the people to open the schools, but considering the returns the public realizes for so small an outlay in educational matters, this proved more expensive than ever. Private schools increased, but the attendance was small. Thus the interests of popular edu- cation languished for years. But since the revival of the free schools, the State fund has grown to vast proportions, and the schools of this intelligent and enterprising commonwealth compare favorably with those of any other portion of the United States. There is no occasion to present all the statistics of school prog- ress in this State from thg first to the present time, but some interest will be taken in the latest statistics, which we take from the 9th Biennial Report (for 1 877-'8) by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Hon. James H. Smart. This report, by the way, is a volume of 480 octavo pages, and is free to all who desire a copy. The rapid, substantial, and permanent- increase which Indiana enjoys in her school interests is thus set forth in the above report. Total Am't Paid Teachers. $ 239,924 481,020 1,020,440 1,810,866 2,830,747 3,065,968 Length of School No of Attendance School Tear. in Davs. Teachers. at School, Ennmeration. 1855 61 4,016 206,994 445,791 1860 65 7,649 303,744 495,019 1865 66 9,493 402,812 557,092 1870' 97 11,826 462,527 619,627 1875 130 13,133 502,362 667,736 1878 129 13,676 512,535 699,153 HISTOET OF INDIANA. 219 The increase of school population daring the past ten years has been as follows: Total in 1868, 593,865. Increase for year ending Increase for year ending :Sept.l,1869 17,699 May 1, 1874 13,933 " 1,1870 9,063 " 1,1875 13,373 " 1,1871 3,101 " 1,1876 11,494 " 1,1873 8,811 " 1,1877 15,476 May 1, 1873 (8 months) 8,903 " 1,1878 4,447 Total, 1878 699,158 No. of white males 854,371 ; females 333,033 687,304 " "colored" 5,937; " 5,913 11,849 699,153 Twenty-nine per cent, of the above are in the 49 cities and 212 incorporated towns, and 71 per cent, in the 1,011 townships. The number of white males enrolled in the schools in 1878 was ■267,315, and of white females, 237,739; total, 505,054; of colored males, 3,794; females, 3,687; total, 7,481; grand total, 512,636. The average number enrolled in each district varies from 51 to 66, and the average daily attendance from 32 to 36; but many children reported as absent attend parochial or private schools. Seventy- three per cent, of the wlii'te children and 63 per cent, of the colored, in the State, are enrolled in the schools. The number of days taught vary materially in the different town- ships, and on this point State Superintendent Smart iterates: " As long as the schools of some of our townships are kept open but 60 ■days and others 220 days, we do not have a uniform system, — such as was contemplated by the constitution. The school law requires the trustee of a township to maintain each of the schools in his corporation an equal length of time. This provision cannot be so easily applied to the various counties of the State, for the reason that there is a variation in the density of the population, in the wealth of the people, and the amount of the township funds. I think, however, there is scarcely a township trustee in the State who cannot, under the present law, if he chooses to do so, bring his schools up to an average of six months. I think it would be wise to require each township trustee to levy a sufficient local tax to maintain the schools. at least six months of the year, provided this can be done without increasing the local tax beyond the amount now permitted by law. This would tend to bring the poorer schools up to the standard of the best, and would thus unify the system, and make it indeed a common-school system." 220 HISTOBT OF INDIANA. The State, however, averages six and a half months school per year to each district. The number of school districts in the State in 1878 was 9,380, in all but 34: of which school was taught during that year. There are 396 district and 151 township graded schools. Number of white male teachers, 7,977, and of female, 5,699; colored, male, 62, and female, 43; grand total, 13,781. For the ten years ending with 1878 there was an increase of 409 male teachers and 811 female teachers. All these teachers, except about 200, attend normal institutes, — a showing which probably surpasses that of any other State in this respect. The average daily compensation of teachers throughout the State in 1878 was as follows: In townships, males, $1.90; females, $1.70; in towns, males, $3.09; females, $1.81; in cities, males, $4.06; females, $2.29. In 1878 there were 89 stone school -houses, 1,724 brick, 7,608. frame, and 124 log; total, 9,545, valued at $11,536,647.39. And lastly, and best of all, we are happy to state that Indiana has a larger school fund than any other State in the Union. In 1872^ according to the statistics before us, it was larger than that of any other State by $2,000,000! the figures being as follows: Indiana $8,437,593.47 Michigan $2,500,214.91 Ohio 6,614,816.50 Missouri 2,525,252.52 Illinois 6,348,538.33 Minnesota 2,471,199.31 New York 2,880,017.01 Wisconsin 2,237,414.37 Connecticut. 3,809,770.70 Massachusetts 2,210,864.09 Iowa 4,274,581.93 Arkansas 3,000,000.00 Nearly all the rest of the States have less than a million dollars in their school fund. In 1873 the common-school fund of Indiana consisted of the following: Non-negotiable bonds $3,591,316.15 Escheated estates 17.866.55 Common-school fund, 1,666,834.50 Sinking fund, last distrib- Sinking fund, at 8 per cent 569,139.94 ution 67,068.72 Congressional township Sinking fund undistrib- fund 3,381,076.69 uted 100,165.92 Value of unsold Congres- 8wamp land fund 42,418.40 sional township lands.. 94,245.00 Saline fund 5,727.66 $8,437,593 47 Bank tax fund 1,744.94 In 1878 the grand total was $8,974,455.55. The origin of the respective school funds of Indiana is as follows: 1. The " Congressional township " fund is derived from the proceeds of the 16th sections of the townships. Almost all of these HISTORY OF INDIANA. 221 have been sold and the money put out at interest. The amount of this fund in 1877 was $2,452,936.82. 2. The" saline" fund consists of the proceeds of the sale of salt springs, and the land adjoining necessary for working them to the amount of 36 entire sections, authorized by the original act of Congress. By authority of the same act the Legislature has made these proceeds a part of the permanent school fund. 3. The " surplus revenue " fund. Under the administration of President Jackson, the national debt, contracted by the Revolutionary war and the purchase of Louisiana, was entirely discharged, and a large surplus remained in the treasury. In June, 1836, Congress distributed this money among the States in the ratio of their repre- sentation in Congress, subject to recall, and Indiana's share was $860,254. The Legislature subsequently set apart $573,502.96 of this amount to be a part of the school fund. It is not probable that the general Government will ever recall this money. -^ " Bank tax " fund. The Legislature of 1834 chartered a State Bank, of which a part of the stock was owned by the State and a part by individuals. Section 15 of the charter required an annual deduction from the dividends, equal to 12J cents on each share not held by the State, to be set apart for common-school education. This tax finally amounted to $80,000, which now bears interest in favor of education. 5. " Sinking " fund. In order to set the State bank under good headway, the State at first borrowed $1,300,000, and out of the unapplied balances a fund was created, increased by unapplied balances also of the principal, interest and dividends of the amount lent to the individual holders of stock, for the purpose of sinking the debt of the bank; hence the name sinking fund. The 114th section of the charter provided that after the full payment of the bank's indebtedness, principal, interest and incidental expenses, the residue of said fund should be a permanent fund, appropriated to the cause of education. As the charter extended through a period of 25 years, this fund ultimately reached the handsome amount of $5,000,000. The foregoing are all interest-bearing funds; the following are additional school funds, but not productive: 6. " Seminary " fund. By order of the Legislature in 1852, all county seminaries were sold, and the net proceeds placed in the common-school fund. 222 HISTOET OF INDIANA. 7. All fines for the violation of the penal laws of the State are placed to the credit of the common-school fund * 8. All recognizances of witnesses and parties indicted for crime, when forfeited, are collectible by law and made a part of the school fund. These are reported to the office of the State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction annually. For the five years ending with 1872, they averaged about $34,000 a year. 9. Escheats. These amount to $17,865.55, which was still in the State treasury in 1872 and unapplied. 10. The "swamp-land" fund arises from the sale of certain Congressional land grants, not devoted to any particular purpose by the terms of the grant. In 1872 there was $42,418.40 of this money, subject to call by the school interests. 11. Taxes on corporations are to some extent devoted by the Constitution to school purposes, but the clause on this subject is somewhat obscure, and no funds as yet have been realized from this source. It is supposed that several large sums of money are due the common-school fund from the corporations. Constitutionally, any of the above funds may be increased, but never diminished. INDIANA STATE UNIVEESITT. So early as 1802 the U. S. Congress granted lands and a charter to the people of that portion of the Northwestern Territory resid- ing at Yincennes, for the erection and maintenance of a seminary of learning in that early settled district; and five years afterward an act incorporating the Vincennes [Jniversity asked the Legisla- ture to appoint a Board of Trustees for the institution and order the sale of a single township in Gribson county, granted by Congress in 1802, so that the proceeds might be at once devoted to the objects of education. On this Board the following gentlemen were ap- pointed to act in the interests of the institution: "William H. Har- rison, John Gibson, Thomas H. Davis, Henry Vanderburgh, Wal- ler Taylor, Benjamin Parke, Peter Jones, James Johnson, John Kice Jones, George Wallace, William Bullitt, Elias McNamee, John Badolett, Henry Hurst, Gen. W. Johnston, Francis Vigo, Jacob Kuykendall, Samuel McKee, Nathaniel Ewing, George Leech, Luke Decker, Samuel Gwathmey and John Johnson. The sale of this' land was slow and the proceeds small. The members of the Board, too, were apathetic, and failing to meet, the institution fell out of existence and out of memory. HISTORY OF INDIANA. 323 In 1816 Congress granted another township in Monroe county, located within its present limits, and the foundation of a university was laid. Four years later, and after Indiana was erected into a State, an act of the local Legislature appointing another Board of Trustees and authorizing them to select a location for a university and to enter into contracts for its construction, was passed. The new Board met at Bloomington and selected a site at that place for the location of the present building, entered into a contract for the erection of the same in 1822, and in 1825 had the satisfaction of being present at the inauguration of the university. The first session was commenced under the Eev. Baynard R. Hall, with 20 students, and when the learned professor could only boast of a salary of $150 a year; yet, on this very limited sum the gentleman worked with energy and soon brought the enterprise through all its elementarj'^ stages to the position of an academic institution. Dividing the year into two sessions of five months each, the Board acting under his advice, changed the name to the " Indiana Academy," under which title it was duly chartered. In 1827 Prof. John H. Harney was raised to the chairs of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy, at a salary of $300 a year; and the salary of Mr. Hall raised to $400 a year. In 1828 the name was again changed by the Legislature to the " Indiana College," and the following professors appointed over the diflferent departments; Rev. Andrew Wylie, D. D., Prof, of mental and moral philosophy and belles lettres; John H. Harnej'^, Prof, of mathematics and natural philosophy ; and Eev. Bayard B. Hall, Prof, of ancient languages. This year, also, dispositions were made for the sale of Gibson county lands and for the erection of a new college building. This action was opposed by some legal diflBculties, which after a time were overcome, and the new college building was put under construction, and continued to prosper until 1854, when it was destroyed by fire, and 9,000 volumes, with all the apparatus, were consumed. The curriculum was then carried out in a temporary building, while a new struct- ure was going up. In 1873 the new college, with its additions, was completed, and the routine of studies continued, A museum of natural history, a laboratory and the Owen cabinet added, and the standard of the studies and morale generally increased in excellence and in strict- ness. Bloomington is a fine, healthful locality, on the Louisville, New Albany «& Chicago railway. The University buildings are in the ii24 HISTORY OF INDIANA. collegiate Gothic style, simply and truly carried out. The building, fronting College avenue is 145 feet in front. It consists of a central building 60 feet by 53, with wings each 38 feet by 26, and the whole, three stories high. The new building, fronting the west, is 130 feet by 60. Buildings lighted by gas. The faculty numbers thirteen. Number of students in the col- legiate department in 1879-'80, 183; in preparatory, 169; total, 349, allowing for three counted twice. The university may now be considered on a fixed founaation, car- rying out the intention of the President, who aimed at scholarship rather than numbers, and demands the attention of eleven pro- fessors, together with the State Geologist, who is ex-officio member of the faculty, and required to lecture at intervals and look after the geological and mineralogical interests of the institution. The faculty of medicine is represented by eleven leading physicians of the neighborhood. The faculty of law requires two resident professors* and the other chairs remarkably well represented. The university received from the State annually about $15,000, and promises with the aid of other public grants and private dona- tions to vie with any other State university within the Eepublic. PUEDUE UNIVEESITT. This is a " college for the benefit of agricultural and the mechanic arts," as provided for by act of Congress, July 2, 1862, donating lands for this purpose to the extent of 30,000 acres of the public domain to each Senator and Representative in the Federal assem- bly. Indiana having in Congress at that time thirteen members, became entitled to 390,000 acres; but as there was no Congress land in the State at this time, scrip had to be taken, and it was upon the following condition (we quote the act): " Section 4. That all moneys derived from the sale of land scrip shall be invested in the stocks of the United States, or of some other safe stocks, yielding no less than five per centum upon the par value of said stocks; and that the moneys so invested shall constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain undi- minished, except so far as may be provided in section 5 of this act, and the interest of which shall be inviolably appropriated by each State, which may take and claim the benefit of this act, to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and HISTORY OF INDIANA. 225 classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach sucfc branches of learning fs are related to agriculture and the mechanic: arts, in si^ch a manner as the Legislatures of the States may re-- spectively prescribe, in order to ])romote the liberal and practical' education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and pro- fessions of life. " Sec. 5. That the grant of land and land scrip hereby author- ized shall be made on the following conditions, to which, as well aa the provision hereinbefore contained, the previous assent of the. several States shall be signified by Legislative act: " First. If any portion of the funds invested as provided by the foregoing section, or any portion of the interest thereon, shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by the State to which it belongs, so that the capital of the fund shall remain forever undiminished, and the annual interest shall be regularly applied, without diminution, to the purposes mentioned in the fourth section of this act, except that a sum not exceeding ten per centum upon the amount received by any State under the pro- visions of this act may be expended for the purchase of lands for sites or experimental farms, whenever authorized by the respective Legislatures of said States. " Second. No portion of said fund, nor interest thereon, shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretence whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation or repair of any building or buildings. " Third. Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provisions of this act, shall provide, within five years at least, not less than one college, as provided in the fourtli section of this act, or the grant to such State shall cease and said State be bound to pay the United States tlie amount received of any lands pre- viously sold^ and that the title to purchase under the States shall be valid. "Fourth. An annual report shall be made regarding the prog- ress of each college, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their cost and result, and such other matter, including State industrial and economical statistics, as may be supposed use- ful, one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail free, by each, to all other colleges which may be endowed under the provisions of this act, and also one copy to the Secretary of the Interior. "Fifth. When lands shall be selected from those which have been raised to double the minimum price in consequence of railroad 226 niSTOET OF INDIANA. grants, that they shall be computed to the States at the maximum price, and the number of acres proportionately diminished. "Sixth. No State, while in a condition of rebellion or insur- rection against the Government of the United States, shall be entitled to the benefits of this act. "Seventh. No State shall be entitled to the benefits of this act unless it shall express its acceptance thereof by its Legislature "within two years from the date of its approval by the President." The foregoing act was approved by the President, July 2, 1862. It seemed that this law, amid the din of arms with the great Rebel- lion, was about to pass altogether unnoticed by the next General Assembly, January, 18G3, had not Gov. Morton's attention been ■Called to it by a delegation of citizens from Tippecanoe county, who visited him in the interest of Battle Ground. He thereupon sent a special message to the Legislature, upon the subject, and then public attention was excited to it everywhere, and several localities ■competed for tlie institution; indeed, the rivalry was so great that this session failed to act in the matter at all, and would have failed to accept of the grant within the two years prescribed in the last clause quoted above, had not Congress, by a supplementary act, extended the time two years longer. March 6, 1865, the Legislature accepted the conditions ot the national gift, and organized the Board of " Trustees of the Indiana Agricultural College." Tliis Board, by authority, sold the scrip April 9, 1867, for $212,238.50, which sum, by compounding, has increased to nearly $100,000, and is invested in IT. S. bonds. Not until the special session of May, 1869, was the locality for this col- lege selected, when John Purdue, of Lafayette, offered $150,000 and Tippecanoe county $50,000 more, and the title of the institution changed to " Purdue University." Donations were also made by the Battle Ground Institute and the Battle Ground Institute of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The building was located on a 100- acre tract near Chauncey,. which Purdue gave in addition to his magnificent donation, and to which 86^ acres more have since been added on the north. The boarding-house, dormitory, the laboratory, boiler and gas house, a frame armory and gymnasium, stable with shed and work-shop are all to the north of the gravel road, and form a group of build- ings within a circle cf 600 feet. The boiler and gas house occupy a rather central position, and supply steam and gas to the boarding- house, dormitory and laboratory. .A description of these buildings HISTOEY OF INDIANA. 227 may be apropos. The boarding-house is a brick structure, in the modern Italian style, planked by a turret at each of the front angles and measuring 120 feet front by 68 feet deep. The dormitory is a quadrangular edifice, ia the plain Elizabethan style, four stories high, arranged to accoramoda,te 125 students. Like the other build- ings, it is lieated by steam and lighted by gas. Bathing accommo-. dations are in each end of all the stories. The laboratory is almost a duplicate of a similar department in Brown University, R. I. It is a much smaller building than the boarding-house, but yet suffi- ciently large to meet the requirements. A collection of minerals, fossils and antiquities, purchased, from Mr. Richard Owen, former President of the institution, occupies the temporary cabinet or museum, pending the construction of a new building. The military hall and gymnasium is 100 feet frontage by 50 feet deep, and only one story high. The uses to which this hall is devoted are exer- cises in physical and military drill. The boiler and gas house is an establishment replete in itself, possessing every facility for supply- ing the buildings of the university with adequate heat and light. Itis further provided with pumping works. Convenient to this department is the retort and great meters of the gas house, capable of holding 9,000 cubic feet of gas, and arranged upon the principles of modern science. The barn and shed form a single building, both useful, convenient and ornamental. In connection with the agricultural department of the university, a brick residence and barn were erected and placed at the disposal of the farm superintendent, Maj. L. A. Burke. The buildings enumerated above have been erected at a cost approximating the following: boarding-house, $37,807.07; labora- tory, $15,000; dormitory, $32,000; military hall and gymnasium, $6,410.47; boiler and gas house, $1,814; barn and shed, $1,500; work-shop, $1,000; dwelling and barn, $2,500. Besides the original donations. Legislative appropriations, vary- .ing in amount, have been made from time to time, and Mr. Pierce, the treasurer, has donated his official salary, $600 a year, for the time he served, for decorating the grounds, — if necessary. The opening Qf the university was, owing to varied circumstan- ces, postponed from time to time, and not until March, 1874, was a class formed, and this only to comply with the act of Congress in that connection in its relation to the university. However, in September following a curriculum was adopted, and the first regu- lar term of the Purdue University entered upon. This curriculum 228 HISTOET OF INDIANA. comprises the varied subjects generally pertaining to a first-class university course, namely: in the school of natural science — physics and industrial mechanics, chemistry and natural history; in the school of engineering — civil and mining, together with the principles of architecture; in the school of agriculture — theoret- ical and practical agriculture, horticulture and veterinary science; in the military school — the mathematical sciences, German and French literature, free-hand and mechanical drawing, with all the studies pertaining to the natural and military sciences. Modern languages and natural history embrace their respective courses to the fullest extent. There are this year (1880) eleven members of the faculty, 86 students in the regular courses, and 117 other students. In respect to attendance there has been a constant increase from the first. The first year, 1874-'5, there were but 64 students. INDIANA STATE NOEMAL SCHOOL. This institution was founded at Terre Haute in 1870, in accord- ance with the act of the Legislature of that year. The building is a large brick edifice situated upon a commanding location and possessing some architectural beauties. From its inauguration many obstacles opposed its advance toward efficiency and success; but the Board of Trustees, composed of men experienced in edu- cational matters, exercised their strength of mind and body to overcome every difficulty, and secure for the State Normal School every distinction and emolument that lay within their power, their efforts to this end being very successful; and it is a fact that the institution has arrived at, if not eclipsed, the standard of their expectations. Not alone does the course of study embrace the legal subjects known as reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography. United States history, English grammar, physiology, manners and ethics, but it includes also universal history, the mathematical sciences and many other subjects foreign to older institutions. The first studies are prescribed by law and must be inculcated; the second are optional with the professors, and in the case of Indiana generally hold place in the curriculum of the nor- mal school. The model, or training school, specially designed for the training of teachers, forms a most important factor in State educational matters, and prepares teachers of both sexes for one of the most important positions in life; viz., that of educating the youth of the HISTORY OF INDIANA. 229 State. The advanced course of studies, together with the higher studies of the normal school, embraces Latin and German, and pre- pares young men and women for entrance to tlie State University. The efficiency of this school may be elicited from the following facts, taken from the official reports: out of 41 persons who had graduated from the elementary course, nine, after teaching success- fully in the public schools of this State from two terms to two years, returned to the institution and sought admission to the advanced classes. They were admitted; three of them were gentle- men and six ladies. After spending two years and two terms in the elementary course, and then teaching in the schools during the time already mentioned they returned to spend two and a half or three years more, and for the avowed purpose of qualifying them- selves for teaching in the most responsible positions of the public school service. In fact, no student is admitted to the school who does not in good faith declare his intention to qualify himself for teaching in the schools of the State. This the law requires, and the rule is adhered to literally. The report further says, in speaking of the government of the school, that the fundamental idea is rational freedom, or that free- dom which gives exemption from the power of control of one over another, or, in other words, the self-limiting of themselves, in their acts, by a recognition of the rights of others who are equally free. The idea and origin of the school being laid down, and also the means by which scholarship can be realized in the individual, the student is left to form his own conduct, both during session hours and while away from school. The teacher merely stands between this scholastic idea and the student's own partial conception of it, as expositor or interpreter. The teacher is not legislator, executor or police officer; he is expounder of the true idea of school law, so that the only test of the student's conduct is obedience to, or nonconformity with, that law as interpreted by the teacher. This idea once inculcated in the minds of the students, insures industry, punctuality and order. NOETHEEN INDIANA NOEMAL SCHOOL AND BUSINESS INSTITUTE, VALPAEAISO. This institution was organized Sept. 16, 18Y3, with 35 students in attendance. The school occupied the building known as the Valparaiso Male and Female College building. Four teachers 230 HISTORY OF INDIANA. were employed. The attendance, so small at first, increased rap- idly and steadily, until at the present writing, the seventh year in the history of the school, the yearly enrollment is more than three thousand. The number of instructors now employed is 23. From time to time, additions have been made to the school buildings, and numerous boarding halls have been erected, so that now the value of the buildings and grounds owned by the school is one hundred thousand dollars. A large library has been collected, and a complete equipment of philosophical and chemical apparatus has been purchased. The department of physiology is supplied with skeletons, manikins, and everything necessary to the demonstration of each branch of the subject. A large cabinet is provided for the study of geology. In fact, each department of the school is completely furnished with the apparatus needed for the most approved presentation of every subject. There are 15 chartered departments in the institution. These are in charge of thorough, energetic, and scholarly instructors, and send forth each year as graduates, a large number of finely cultured young ladies and gentlemen, living testimonials of the efficiency of the course of study and the methods used. The Commercial College in connection witii the school is in itself a great institution. It is finely fitted up and furnished, and ranks foremost among the business colleges of the United States. The expenses for tuition, room and board, have been made so low that an opportunity for obtaining a thorough education i& presented to the poor and the rich alike. All of this work has been accomplished in the short space of seven years. The school now holds a high place among educational institutions, and is the largest normal school in the United States. This wonderful growth and development is wholly due to the energy and faithfulness of its teachers, and the unparalleled exec- utive ability of its proprietor and principal. The school is not endowed. DENOMINATIONAL AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS. Nor is Indiana behind in literary institutions under denomina- tional auspices. It is not to be understood, however, at the present day, that sectarian doctrines are insisted upon at the so-called " denominational" colleges, universities and seminaries; the youth at these places are influenced only by Christian example. HISTORY OF INDIANA. 231 Notre Dame University, near South Bend, is a Catholic institu- tion, and is one of the most noted in the United States. It was- founded in 1842 by Father Sorin. The first building was erected in 1843, and the university has continued to grow and prosper until the present time, now having 35 professors, 26 instructors, 9 tutors,. 213 students and 12,000 volumes in library. At present the main, building has a frontage of 224 feet and a depth of 155. Thousands of young people have received their education here, and a large number have been graduated for the priesthood. A chapter wa& held here in 1872, attended by delegates from all parts of tlie world.. It is worthy of mention that this institution has a bell weighing 13,000 pounds, the largest in the United States and one of the finest in the world. The Indiana Asbury University, at Greencastle, is an old and well-established institution under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, named after its first bishop, Asbury. It waa founded in 1835, and in 1872 it had nine professors and 172 students. Howard College, not denominational, is located at Kokomo, and was founded in 1869. In 1872 it had five professors, four instructors, and 69 students. Union Christian College, Christian, at Merom, was organized in 1858, and in 1872 had four resident professors, seven instructors, and 156 students. Moore'' s Hill College, Methodist Episcopal, is situated at Moore'a Hill, was founded in 1854, and in 1872 had five resident professors, five instructors, and 142 students. Earlham's College, at Richmond, is under the management of the Orthodox Friends, and was founded in 1859. In 1872 they had six resident professors and 167 students, and 3,300 volumes in library. Wabash College, at Crawfordsville, was organized in 1834, and had in 1872, eight professors and teachers, and 231 students, with about 12,000 volumes in the library. It is under Presbyterian management. Concordia College, Lutheran, at Fort "Wayne, was founded in 1850; in 1872 it had four professors and 148 students: 3,000 volumes in library. Hanover College, Presbyterian, was organized in 1833, at Han- over, and in 1872 had seven professors and 118 students, and 7,000 volumes in library. 232 HISTOET OF INDIANA. Harisville University, United Brethren, at Hartsville, was founded in 1854, and in 1872 had seven professors and 117 students. Northwestern Christian University, Disciples, is located at Irvington, near Indianapolis. It was founded in 1854, and by 1872 it had 15 resident professors, 181 students, and 6,000 volumes in library. BENEVOLENT AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. By the year 1830, the influx of pampers and invalid persons was so great that the Governor called upon the Legislature to take steps toward regulating the matter, and also to provide an asylum for the poor, but that body was very slow to act on the matter. At the present time, however, there is no State in the Union which can boast a better system of benevolent institutions. The Benevo- lent Society of Indianapolis was organized in 1843. It was a pioneer institution ; its field of work was small at first, but it has grown into great usefulness. INSTITUTE FOE THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND. In behalf of the blind, the first effort was made by James M. Ray, about 1846. Through his efforts William H. Ohurchmah came from Kentucky with blind pupils and gave exhibitions in Mr. Beecher's church, in Indianapolis. These entertainments were attended by members of the Legislature, for whom indeed they were especially intended; and the effect upon them was so good, that before they adjourned the session they adopted measures to es- tablish an asylum for the blind. The commission appointed to carry out these measures, consisting of James M. Kay, Geo. W. Mears, and the Secretary, Treasurer and Auditor of State, engaged Mr. Churchman to make a lecturing tour through the State and collect statistics of the blind population. The " Institute for the Education of the Blind " was founded by the Legislature of 1847, and first opened in a rented building Oct. 1, of that year. The permanent buildings were opened and occu- pied in February, 1853. The original cost of the buildings and ground was $110,000, and the present valuation of buildings and grounds approximates $300,000. The main building is 90 feet long by 61 deep, and with its right and left wings, each 30 feet in front and 83 in depth, give an, entire frontage of 150 feet. The main building is five stories in height, surmounted by a cupola of HISTORY OF INDIANA. 235 the Corinthian style, while each wing is similarly overcapped The porticoes, cornices and verandahs are gotten up with exquisite taste, and the former are molded after the principle of Ionic archi- tecture. The building is very favorably situated, and occupies a space of eight acres. The nucleus of a fund for supplying indigent graduates of the institution with an outfit suitable to their trades, or with money in lieu thereof, promises to meet with many additions. The fund is the outcome of the benevolence of Mrs. Fitzpatrick, a resident of Delaware, in this State, and appears to be suggested by the fact that her daughter, wiio was smitten with blindness, studied as a pupil iu the institute, and became singularly attached to many of its inmates. The following passage from the lady's will bears testimony not only to her own sympathetic nature but also to the efficiency of the establishment which so won her esteem. " I give to each of the following persons, friends and associates of my blind 'daughter, Margaret Louisa, the sum of $100 to each, to wit, viz: Melissa and Phoebe Garrettson, Frances Cundiff, Dallas J^ewland, Naomi Unthunk, and a girl whose name before marriage was Eachel Martrn, her husband's name not recollected. The balance of my estate, after paying the expenses of administering, I give to the superintendent of the blind asylum and his successor, in trust, for the use and benefit of the indigent blind of Indiana who may attend the Indiana blind asylum, to be given to them on leaving in such sums as the superintendent may deem proper, but not more than $50 to any one person. I direct that the amount above direct- ed be loaned at interest, and the interest and principal be distributed as above, agreeably to the best judgment of the superintendent, so as to do the greatest good to the greatest number of blind persons." The following rules, regulating the institution, after laying down in preamble that the institute is strictly an educational estab- lishment, having its main object the moral, intellectual and phys- ical training of the young blind of the State, and is not an asylum for the aged and helpless, nor an hospital wherein the diseases of the eye may be treated, proceed as follows : 1. The school year commences the first Wednesday after the 15th day of September, and closes on the last Wednesday in June, showing a session of 40 weeks, and a vacation term of 84 days. 2. Applicants for admission must be from 9 to 21 years of age; but the trustees have power to admit blind students under 9 or 23(3 HISTOEY OF INDIANA. over 21 years of age; but this power is extended only in very extreme cases. 3. Imbecile or unsound persons, or confirmed immoralists, cannot be admitted knowingly; neither can admitted pupils who prove disobedient or incompetent to receive instruction be retained on the roll. 4. JSTo charge is made for the instruction and board given to pupils from the State of Indiana; and even those without the State have only to pay $200 for board and education during the 40 weeks' session. 5. An abundant and good supply of comfortable clothing for both summer and winter wear, is an indispensable adjunct of the pupil. 6. The owner's name must be distinctly marked on each article of clothing. 7. In cases of extreme indigence the institution may provide clothing and defray the traveling expenses of such pupil and levy the amount so expended on the county wherein his or her home is situated. 8. The pupil, or friends of the pupil, must remove him or her from the institute during the annual vacation, and in case of their failure to do so, a legal provision enables the superintendent to forward such pupil to the trustee of the township where he or she resides, and the expense of such transit and board to be charged to the county. 9. Friends of the pupils accompanying them to the institution, or visiting them thereat, cannot enter as boarders or lodgers. 10. Letters to the pupils should be addressed to the care of the Superintendent of the Institute for the Education of the Blind, so as the better to insure delivery. 11. Persons desirous of admission of pupils should apply to the 8uj3erintendent for a printed copy of instructions, and no pupil should be sent thereto until the instructions have been complied with. INSTITUTE FOE THE DEAF AND DUMB. In 1843 the Governor was also instructed to obtain plans and information respecting the care of mutes, and the Legislature also levied a tax to provide for them. The first one to agitate the subject was William Willard, himself a mute, who visited Indiana in 1843, and opened a school for mutes on his own account, with 16 pupils. HISTORY OF INDIANA. 237 The next year the Legislature adopted this school as a State insti- tution, appointing a Board of Trustees for its management, consist- ing of the Governor and Secretary' of State, ex-officio,and Revs. Henry Ward Beecher, Phineas D. Gurley, L. H. Jameson, Dr. Dunlap, Hon. James Morrison and Rev. Matthew Simpson. They rented the large building on the southeast corner of Illinois and Maryland streets, and opened the first State asylum there in 1844; but in 1846, asitefor apermanent buildingjusteastof Indianapolis was selected, consisting first of 30 acres, to which 100 more have been added. On this site the two first structures were commenced in 1849, and completed in the fall of 1850, at a cost of $30,000. The school was immediately transferred to the new building, where it is still flourishing, with enlarged buildings and ample facilities for instruc- tion in agriculture. In 1869-'70, another building was erected, and the three together now constitute one of the most benefi- cent and beautiful institutions to be found on this continent, at an aggi-egate cost of $220,000. The main building has a fagade of 260 feet. Here are the ofl3.ces, study rooms, the quarters of oflicers and teachers, the pupils' dormitories and the library. The center of this building has a frontage of eighty feet, and is five stories high, with wings on either side 60 feet in frontage. In this Central structure are the store rooms, dining-hall, servants' rooms, hospital, laundry, kitchen, bakery and several school-rooms. Another struct- ure known as the " rear building " contains the chapel and another set of school-rooms. It is two stories high, the center being 50 feet square and the wings 40 by 20 feet. In addition to these there are many detached buildings, containing the shops of the industrial department, the engine-house and wash-house. The grounds comprise 105 acres, which in the immediate vicinity of the buildings partake of the character of ornamental or pleasure gardens, comprising a space devoted to fruits, flowers and veget- ables, while the greater part is devoted to pasture and agriculture. The first instructor in the institution was Win. Willard, a deaf mute, who had up to 1844 conducted a small school for the instruc- tion of the deaf at Indianapolis, and now is employed by the State, at a salary of $800 per annum, to follow a similar vocation in its service. In 1853 he was succeeded by J. S. Brown, and subse- quently by Thomas Mclutire, who continues principal of the institution. 238 XIISTOET OF INDIANA. HOSPITAL FOE THE INSANE. The Legislature of 1832-'3 adopted measures providing for a State hospital for the insane. This good work would have been done much earlier had it not been for the hard times of 1837, intensified hy the results of the gigantic scheme of internal improve- ment. In order to survey the situation and awaken public sympa- thy, the county assessors were ordered to make a return of the insane in their respective counties. During the year 1842 the Governor, acting under the direction of the Legislature, procured considerable information in regard to hospitals for the insane in other States ; and Dr. John Evans lectured before the Legislature on the subject of insanity and its treatment. As a result of these efforts the authorities determined to take active steps for the estab- lishment of such a hospital. Plans and suggestions from the superintendents and hospitals of other States were submitted to the Legislature in 1844, which body ordered the levy of a tax of one cent on the $100 for the purpose of establishing the hospital. In 1845 a commission was appointed to obtain a site not exceeding 200 acres. Mount Jackson, then the residence of ]!^"athaniel Bolton, was selected, and the Legislature in 1846 ordered the commissioners to proceed with the erection of the building. Accordingly, in 1847, the central building was completed, at a cost of $75,000. It has since been enlarged by the addition of wings, some of which are larger than the old central building, until it has become an immense structure, having cost over half a million dollars. The wings of the main building are four stories high, and entirely devoted to wards for patients, being capable of accommodating 500. The grounds of the institution comprise- 160 acres, and, like those of the institute for the deaf and dumb, are beautifully laid out. This hospital was opened for the reception of patients in 1848. The principal structure comprises what is known as the central building and the right and left wings, and like the institute for the de^f and dumb, erected at various times and probably under various adverse circumstances, it certainly does not hold the appearance of any one design, but seems to be a combination of many. Not- withstanding these little defects in arrangement, it presents a very imposing appearance, and shows what may be termed a frontage HISTORY OF INDIANA. 239 of 624 feet. The central building is five stories in height and con- tains the store-rooms, offices, reception parlors, medical dispensing rooms, mess-rooms and the apartments of the superintendent and other officers, with those of the female employes. Immediately ia the rear of the central building, and connected with it by a corridor, is the chapel, a building 50 by 60 feet. This chapel occupies the third floor, while the under stories hold the kitchen, baker}', employes' dining-room, steward's office, employes' apart- ments and sewing rooms. In rear of this again is the engine- house, 60 by 50 feet, containing all the paraphernalia for such an establishment, such as boilers, pumping works, fire plugs, hose, and above, on the second floor, the laundry and apartments of male employes. THE STATE PEISON SOUTH. The first penal institution of importance is known as the " State Prison South," located at Jefiersonville, and was the only prison until 1859. It was established in 1821. Before that time it was customary to resort to the old-time punishment of the whipping- post. Later the manual labor system was inaugurated, and the convicts were hired out to employers, among whom were Capt. Westover, afterward killed at Alamo, Texas, with Crockett, James Keigwin, who in an aifray was fired at and severely wounded by a convict named Williams, Messrs. Patterson Hensley, and Jos. E. Pratt. During the rule of the latter of these lessees, the atten- tion of the authorities was turned to a more practical method of utilizing convict labor; and instead of the prisoners being per- jnitted to serve private entries, their work was turned in the direc- tion of their own prison, where for the next few years they were employed in erecting the new buildings now known as the " State Prison South." This structure, the result of prison labor, stands ou 16 acres of ground, and comprises the cell houses and work- shops, together with the prisoners' garden, or pleasure-ground. It seems that in the erection of these buildings the aim of the overseers was to create so many petty dungeons and unventilated laboratories, into which disease in every Ibrm would be apt to creep. This fact was evident from the high mortality character- izing life within the prison; and in the efforts made by the Government to remedy a state of things which had been permitted to exist far too long, the advance in prison reform has become a Teality. From 1857 to 1871 the labor of the prisoners was devoted 24:0 HISTORY OF INDIANA. to tlie manufacture of wngonsand farm implements; and again the old policy- of hiring the convicts was resorted to; for in the latter year, 1871, the Southwestern Car Company was organized, and every prisoner capable of taking a part in the work of car-building was leased out. This did very well until the panic of 1873, when the company suffered irretrievable losses; and previous to its final down-fall in 1876 the warden withdrew convict labor a second time, leaving the prisoners to enjoy a luxurious idleness around the prison which themselves helped to raise. In later years the State Prison South has gained some notoriety from the desperate character of some of its inmates. During the civil war a convict named Harding mutilated in a most horrible manner and ultimately killed one of the jailors named Tesley, In 1874, two prisoners named Kennedy and Applegate, possessing themselves of some arms, and joined by two other convicts named Port and Stanley, made a break for freedom, swept past the guard, Chamberlain, and gained the fields. Chamberlain went in pursuit but had not gone very far when Kennedy turned on his pursuer, fired and killed him instantly. Subsequently three of the prisoners, were captured alive and one of them paid the penalty of death, while Kennedy, the murderer of Chamberlain, failing committal for murder, was sent back to his old cell to spend the remainder of his life. Bill Eodifer, better known as " The Hoosier Jack Sheppard," eflTected his escape in 1876, in the very presence of a largp guard, but was recaptured and has since been kept in irons. This establishment, owing to former mismanagement, has fallen very much behind, financially, and has asked for and received an appropriation of $20,000 to meet its expenses, while the contrary is the case at the Michigan City prison. THE STATE PRISON NORTH, In 1859 the first steps toward the erection of a prison in the northern part of the State were taken, and by an act of the Legis- lature approved March 5, this year, authority was given to construct prison buildings at some point north of the National road. For this purpose $50,000 were appropriated, and a large number of convicts from the Jeflfersonville prison were transported northward to Michigan City, which was jast selected as the location for the new penitentiary. The work was soon entered upon, and continued to meet with additions and improvements down to a very recent period. So late as 1875 the Legislature appropriated $20,000 HISTORY OF INDIANA. 241 toward the construction of new cells, and in other directions also the work of improvement has been going on. The system of government and discipline is similar to that enforced at the Jeffer- sonville prison; and, strange to say, by its economical working has not only met the expenses of the administration, but very recently had amassed over $11,000 in excess of current expenses, from its annual savings. This is due almost entirely to the continual employment of the convicts in the manufacture of cigars and chairs, and in their' great prison industry, cooperage. It differs widely from the Southern, insomuch as its sanitary condition has been above the average of similar institutions. The strictness of its silent system is better enforced. The petty revolutions of its inmates have been very few and insignificant, and the number of punishments inflicted comparatively small. From whatever point this northern prison may be looked at, it will bear a very favorable comparison with the largest and best administered of like establish- ments throughout the world, and cannot fail to bring high credit to its Board of Directors and its able warden. FEMALE PRISON AND REFORMATORY. The prison reform agitation which in this State attained telling proportions in 1869, caused a Legislative measure to be brought forward, which would have a tendency to ameliorate the condition of female convicts. Gov. Baker recommended it to the General Assembly, and the members of that body showed their appreciation of the Governor's philanthropic desire by conferring upon the bill the authority of a statute; and further, appropriated $50,000 to aid in carrying out the objects of the act. The main provisions con- tained in the bill may be set forth in the following extracts from the proclamation of the Governor: ""Whenever said institution shall have been proclaimed to be open for the reception of girls in the reformatory department thereof, it shall be lawful for said Board of Managers to receive them into their care and management, and the said reformatory department, girls under the age of 15 years who may be committed to their custody, in either of the following modes, to- wit: " 1. When committed by any judge of a Circuit or Common Pleas Court, either in term time or in vacation, on complaint and due proof by the parent or guardian that by reason of her incorrig- ible or vicious conduct she has rendered her control beyond the power of such parent or guardian, and made it manifestly requisite 242 IlISTOEY OF INDIANA. that from regard to the fntute welfare of snch infant, and for the protection of society, she should be placed under such guardianship. " 2. When such infant has been committed bj' such judge, as aforesaid, upon complaint by any citizen, and due proof of such complaint that such infant is a proper subject of the guardianship of such institution in consequence of her vagrancy or incorrigible or vicious conduct, and that from the moral depravity or other- wise of her parent or guardian in whose custody she may be, such parent or guardian is incapable or unwilling to exercise the proper care or discipline over such incorrigible or vicious infant. " 3. When such infant has been committed by such judge as aforesaid, on complaint and due proof thereof by the township trustee of the township where snch infant resides, that such infant is destitute of a suitable home and of adequate means of obtaining an honest living, or that slie is in danger of being brought up to lead an idle and immoral life." In addition to these articles of the bill, a formal section of instruction to the wardens of State prisons was embodied in the act, causing such wardens to report the number of all the female convicts under their charge and prepare to have them transferred to the female reformatory immediately after it was declared to be ready for their reception. After the passage of the act the Governor appointed a Board of Managers, and these gentlemen, securing the services of Isaac Hodgson, caused him to draft a plan of the proposed institution, and further, on his recommendation, asked the people for an appropriation of another $50,000, which the Legislature granted in February, 1873. The work of construc- tion was then entered upon and carried out so steadily, that on the 6th of September, 1873, the building was declared ready for the reception of its future inmates. Gov. Baker lost no time in proclaiming this fact, and October 4 he caused the wardens of the State pvisons to be instructed to transfer all the female convicts in their custody to the new institution which may be said to rest on the advanced intelligence of the age. It is now called the " Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women and Girls." This building is located immediately north of the deaf and dumb asylum, near the arsenal, at Indianapolis. It is a three- story brick structure in the French style, and shows a frontage of 174 feet, comprising a main building, with lateral and transverse wings. In front of the central portion is the residence of the superintendent and his associate reformatory officers, while in the HISTORY OF INDIANA. 243 rear is the engine house, with all the ways and means for heating the buildings. Enlai-gements, additions and improvements are still in progress. There is also a school and library in the main building, which are sources of vast good. October 31,1879, there were 66 convicts in the " penal" depart- ment and 147 in the "girls' reformatory" department. The " ticket-of-leave " system has been adopted, with entire satisfaction, and the conduct of the institution appears to be up with the times. INDIANA HOUSE OF EEFUGE. In 1867 the Legislature appropriated $50,000 to aid in the formation of an institution to be entitled a house for the correction and reformation of juvenile defenders, and vested with full powers in a Board of Control, the members of which were to be appointed by the Governor, and with the advice and consent of the Senate. This Board assembled at the Governor's house at Indianapolis, April 3, 1867, and elected Charles F. Coffin, as president, and visited Chicago, so that a visit to the reform school there might lead to a fuller knowledge and guide their future proceedings. The House of Refuge at Cincinnati, and the Ohio State Reform school were also visited with this design; and after full consider- ation of the varied governments of these institutions, the Board resolved to adopt the method known as the " family " system, which divides the inmates into fraternal bodies, or small classes, each class having a separate house, house father and family offices, — all under the control of a general superintendent. The system being adopted, the question of a suitable location next presented itself, and proximity to a large city being considered rather detrimental to the welfare of such an institution. Gov. Baker selected the site three-fourths of a mile south of Plainfield, and about fourteen miles from Indianapolis, which, in view of its eligibility and convenience, was fully concurred in by the Board of Control. Therefore, a farm of 225 acres, claiming a fertile soil and a most picturesque situation, and possessing streams of running water, was purchased, and on a plateau in its center a site for the proposed house of refuge was fixed. The next movement was to decide upon a plan, which ultimately met the approval of the Governor. It favored the erection of one principal building, one house for a reading-room and hospital, two large mechanical shops and eight family houses. January 1, 1868, 244 HISTORY OF INDIANA. three family houses and work-shop were completed; in 1869 the main building, and one additional family house were added; but previous to this, in August, 1867, a Mr. Frank P. Ainsworth and his wife were appointed by the Board, superintendent and matron respectively, and temporary quarters placed at their disposal. In 1869 they of course removed to the new building. This is 64 by 128 feet, and three stories high. In its basement are kitchen, laundry and vegetable cellar. The first floor is devoted to offices, visitors' room, house father and family dining-room and store- rooms. The general superintendent's private apartments, private, ofSces and five dormitories for officers occupy the second floor; while the third floor is given up to the assistant superintendent's, apartment, library, chapel and hospital. The family houses are similar in style, forming rectangular build-. ings 36 by 58 feet. The basement of each contains a furnace room, a store-room and a large wash-room, which is converted into a play -room during inclement weather. On the flrst floor of each of these buildings are two rooms for the house father and his family, and a school-room, which is also convertible into a sitting- room for the boys. On the third floor is a family dormitory, a clothes-room and a room for the " elder brother," who ranks next to the house father. And since the reception of the first boy, from Hendricks county, January 23, 1868, the house plan has proved equally convenient, even as the management has proved efficient. Other buildings have since been erected. HISTORY OF INDIAN-A. 245 THE LOG CABIN. After arriving and selecting a suitable location, the next thing to do was to build a log cabin, a description of which may be in- teresting to many of our younger readers, as in some sections these old-time structures are no more to be seen. Trees of uniform size were chosen and cut into logs of the desired length, generally 12 to 15 feet, and hauled to the spot selected for the future dwelling. On an appointed day the few neighbors who were available would assemble and have a "house-raising." Each end of every log was saddled and notched so that they would lie as close down as possi- . ble; the next day the proprietor would proceed to "chink and daub " the cabin, to keep out the rain, wind and cold. The house had to be re-daubed every fall, as the rains of the intervening time would wash out a great part of the mortar. The usual height of the house was seven or eight feet. The gables were formed by shortening the logs gradually at each end of the building near the top. The roof was made by laying very straight small logs or stout poles suitable distances apart, generally about two and a half feet from gable to gable, and on these poles were laid the " clapboards " after the manner of shingling, showing about two and a half feet to the weather. These clapboards were fastened to their place by " weight-poles," corresponding in place with the joists just described, and these again were held in their place by " runs " or " knees," which were chunks of wood about 18 or 20 inches long fitted be- tween them near the ends. Clapboards were made from the nicest oaks in the vicinity, by chopping or sawing them into four-foot blocks and riving these with a frow, which was a simple blade fixed at right angles to its handle. This was driven into the blocks of wood by a mallet. As the frow was wrenched down through the wood, the latter was turned alternately over from side'to side, one end being held by a forked piece of timber. The chimney of the Western pioneer's cabin was made by leaving in the original building a large open place in one wall, or by cut- ting one after the structure was up, and by building on the out- side, from the ground up^ a stone column, or a column of sticks and 2i6 HISTORY OF INDIANA. mud, the sticks being laid up cob-house fashion. The fire-place thus made was often large enough to receive fire-wood six to eight feet long. Sometimes this wood, especially the " back-log," would be nearly as large as a saw-log. The more rapidly the pioneer could burn up the wood in his vicinity the sooner he had his little farm cleared and ready for cultivation. For a window, a piec^ about two feet long was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed sometimes by glass, but generally with greased paper^ Even greased deer-hide was sometimes used. A doorway was cut through one of the walls, if a saw was to be had; otherwise the door would be left by shortened logs in the original building. The door was made by pinning clapboards to two or three wood bars» and was hung upon wooden hinges. A wooden latch, with catch, then finished the door, and the latch was raised by any one on the outside by pulling a leather string. For security at night this latch-string was drawn in; but for friends and neighbors, and even strangers, the "latch-string was always hanging out," as a welcome. lu the interior, over the fire-place would be a shelf, called "' the mantel," on which stood the candlestick or lamp, some cooking and table-ware, possibly an old clock, and other articles; in the fire- place would be the crane, sometimes of iron, sometimes of wood — on it the pots were hung for cooking; over the door, in lorked cleats, hung the ever trustful rifle and powder-horn ; in one corner stood the larger bed for the " old folks," and under it the truudle-bed for the children; in another stood the old-fashioned spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by its side; in another the heavy table, the only table, of course, there was in the house; in the remaining corner was a rude cupboard holding the table-ware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers and blue-edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of table furniture more conspicuous; while around the room were scattered a few splint- bottomed or Windsor chairs and two or three stools. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted people. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler, seeking lodgings for the night, or desirous of spending a few days in the community, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader might not easily imagine; for, as described, a single room was made HISTORY OF INDIANA. 247 to answer for kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed-room and parlor, and many families consisted of six or eight members. SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS. The ted was very often made by fixing a post in the floor about six feet from one wall and four feet from the adjoining wall, and fastening a stick to this post about two feet above the floor, on each of two sides, so that the other end of each of the two sticks could be fastened in the opposite wall ; clapboards were laid across these, and thus the bed was made complete. Guests were given this bed, while the family disposed of themselves in another corner of the room, or in the " loft." When several guests were on hand at once, they were sometimes kept over night in the following man- ner: when bed-time came the men were requested to step out of doors while the women spread out a broad bed upon the mid-floor, and put themselves to bed in the center; the signal was given and the men came in, and each husband took his place in bed next his own wife, and the single men outside beyond them again. They were generally so crowded that they had to lie " spoon " fashion, and when any one wished to turn over he would say " Spoon," and the whole company of sleepers would turn over at once. This was the only way they could all keep in bed. COOKING. To witness the various processes of cooking in those days would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large fire, suspended with pot-hooks, iron or wooden, on the crane, or ,on poles, one end of which would rest upon a chair. The long- handled frying-pan was used for cooking meat. It was either held over the blaze by hand or set down upon coals drawn out upon the hearth. This pan was also used for baking pan-cakes, also called " flap-jacks," " batter-cakes," etc. A better article for this, however, was the cast-iron spider or Dutch skillet. The best thing for baking bread those days, and possibly even yet in these latter days, was the flat-bottomed bake kettle, of greater depth, with closely fitting cast- iron cover, and commonly known as the " Dutch-ovea." With coals over and under it, bread and biscuit would quickly and nicely 248 HISTORY OF IlfDIAKA. bake. Turkey and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, suspended by a string, a dish being placed underneath to catch the drippings. Hominy and samp were very much used. The hominy, however, was generally hulled corn — boiled corn from which the hull, or bran, had been taken by hot l3'e; hence sometimes called "lye hominy." True hominy and samp were made of pounded corn. A popular method of making this, as well as real meal for bread, was to cut out or burn a large hole in the top of a huge stump, in the shape of a mortar, and pounding the corn in this by a maul or beetle suspended on the end of a swing pole, like a well-sweep. This and the well-sweep consisted of a pole 20 to 30 feet long, fixed in an up- right fork, so that it could be worked " teeter " fashion. It was a rapid and simple way of drawing water. When the samp was suffi- ciently pounded it was taken out, the bran floated ofi^, and the deli- cious grain boiled like rice. The chief articles of diet in early days were corn bread, hominy or samp, venison, pork, honey, beans, pumpkin (dried puinpkin for more than half the year), turkey, prairie chicken, squirrel and some other game, with a few additional vegetables a portion of the year. Wheat bread, tea, coffee and fruit were luxuries not to be indulged in except on special occasions, as when visitors were present. women's work. Besides cooking in the manner described, the women had many other arduous duties to perform, one of the chief of which was spinning. The "big wheel" was used for spinning yarn, and the "little wheel" for spinning flax. These stringed instruments fur- nished the principal music of the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without pecu- niary expense and with far less practice than is necessary for the girls of our period to acquire a skillful use of their costly and elegant instruments. But those wheels, indispensable a few years ago, are all now superseded by the might}' factories which overspread the country, furnishing cloth of all kinds at an expense ten times less than would be incurred now by the old system. The loom was not less necessary than the wheel, though they were not needed in so great numbers. Not every house had a loom — HISTORY OF INDIAJSTA. 249 one loom had a capacity for the needs of several families. Settlers having succeeded, in spite of the wolves, in raising sheep, com- menced the manufacture of woolen cloth; wool was carded and made into rolls by hand cards, and the rolls were spun on the ^' big wheel." We still occasionally find in the houses of old set- tlers a wheel of this kind, sometimes used for spinning and twisting stocking yarn. They are turned with the hand, and with such velocity that it will run itself while the nimble worker, by her back- ward step, draws out and twists her thread . nearly the whole length of the cabin. A common article woven on the loom was linsey, or linsey-woolsey, the chain being linen and the filling woolen. The ■cloth was used for dresses for the women and girls. Nearly all the clothes worn by the men were also home-made; rarely was a farmer or his son seen in a coat made of any other. If, occasionally, a young man appeared in a suit of " boughten " clothes, he was sus- pected of having gotten it for a particular occasion, which occurs in the life of nearly every young man. DRESS AND MANNERS. The dress, habits, etc., of a people throw so much light upon "their conditions and limitations that, in order better to show the circumstances surrounding the people of the State, we will give a short exposition of the manner of life of our Western people at dif- ferent epochs. The Indians themselves are credited by Charlevoix with being " very laborious," — raising poultry, spinning the wool of the buffalo, and manufacturing garments therefrom. These must have been, however, more than usually favorable representatives of their race. " The working and voyaging dress of the French masses," says Reynolds, " was simple and primitive. The French were like the lilies of the valley [the Old Ranger was not always exact in his quota- tions], — they neither spun nor wove any of their clothing, but pur- chased it from the merchants. The white blanket coat, known as the capot, was the universal and eternal coat for the winter with the masses. A cape was made of it that could be raised over the head in cold weather. " In the house, and in good weather, it hung behind, a cape to the blanket coat. The reason that I know these coats so well is that 250 HISTORY OF INDIANA. I have worn many in my youth, and a working man never wore a better garment. Dressed, deer-skins and blue cloth were worn commonly in the winter for pantaloons. The blue handkerchief and the deer-skin moccasins covered the head and feet generally of the French Creoles. In 1800 scarcely a man thought himself clothed unless he had a belt tied round his blanket coat, and on one side was hung the dressed skin of a pole-cat, filled with tobacco, pipe, flint and steel. On the other side was fastened, under the belt, the butcher knife. A Creole in this dress felt like Tarn O'Shanter filled with usquebaugh — he could face the devil. Checked calico shirts were then common, but in winter flannel was frequently worn. In the summer the laboring men and the voyacjeurs often took their shirts off in hard work and hot weather, and turned out the naked back to the air and sun." " Among the Americans," he adds, " home-made wool hats were the common wear. Fur hats were not common, and scarcely a boot was seen. The covering of the feet in wiuter was chiefly moccasins made of deer-skins and shoe-packs of tanned leather. Some wore shoes, but not common in very early times. In the summer the greater portion of the young people, male and female, and many of the old, went barefoot. The substantial and universal outside wear was the blue linsey hunting shirt. This is an excel- lent garment, and I have never felt so happy and healthy since I laid it off. It is made of wide sleeves^ open before, with ample size so as the envelop the body almost twice around. Sometimes it had a large cape, which answers well to save the shoulders from the rain. A belt is mostly used to keep the garment close around the person, and, nevertheless, there is nothing tight about it to hamper the body. It is often fringed, and at times the fringe is composed of red, and other gay colors. The belt, frequently, is sewed to the hunting shirt. The vest was mostly made of striped linsey. The colors were made often with alum, copperas and madder, boiled with the bark of trees, in such a manner and proportions as the old ladies prescribed. The pantaloons of the masses were generally made of deer-skin and linsey. Coarse blue cloth was sometimes made into pantaloons. " Linsey, neat and fine, manufactured at home, composed gener- ally the outside garments of the females as well as the males. HISTORY OF INDIANA. 251 The ladies had linsey colored and woven to suit their fancy. A bonnet, composed of calico, or some gay goods, was worn on the head when they were in the open air. Jewelry on the pioneer ladies was uncommon; a gold ring was an ornament not often seen." In 1820 a change of dress began to take place, and before 1830, according to Ford, most of the pioneer costume had disappeared. "The blue linsey hunting-shirt, with red or white fringe, had given place to the cloth coat. [Jeans would be more like tne fact.J The raccoon cap, with the tail of the animal dangling down behind, had been thrown aside for hats of wool or fur. Boots and shoes had sup- planted the deer-skin moccasins; and leather breeches, strapped tight around the ankle, had disappeared before unmentionables of a more modern material. The female sex had made still greater prog- ress in dress. The old sort of cotton or woolen frocks, spun, woven and made with their own fair hands, and striped and cross-barred witli blue dye and Turkey red, had given place to gowns of silk and calico. The feet, before in a state ot nudity, now charmed in shoes of calf-skin or slippers of kid; and the head, formerly unbonneted, but covered with a cotton handkerchief, now displayed the charms of the feniale face under many forms of bonnets of straw, silk and Leg- horn. The young ladies, instead of walking a mile or two to church on Sunday, carrying their shoes and stockings in their hands until within a hundred yards of the place of worship, as formerly, now came forth arrayed complete, in all the pride of dress, mounted on fine horses and attended by their male admirers." The last half century has doubtless witnessed changes quite as great as those set forth by our Illinois historian. The chronicler of to-day, looking back to the golden days of ]830 to 1840, and com- paring them with the present, must be struck with the tendency of an almost monotonous uniformity in dress and manners that comes from the easy inter-communication afforded by steamer, railway, telegraph and newspaper. Home manufactures have been driven from the houshold by the lower-priced fabrics of distant mills. The Kentucky jeans, and the copperas-colored clothing of home manu- facture, so familiar a few years ago, have given place to the cassimeres and cloths of noted factories. The ready-made clothing stores, like a touch ot nature, made the whole world kin, and" may drape the charcoal man in a dress-coat and a stove-pipe hat. The prints and 252 HISTORY OF INDIANA. silks of England and France give a variety of choice and an assort- ment of colors and shades such as the pioneer women could hardly have dreamed of. Godey and Demorest and Harper's Bazar are found in our modern farm-houses, and the latest fashions of Paris are not uncommon. FAMILY WOBSHIP. The Methodists were generally first on the ground in pioneer settlements, and at that early day they seemed more demonstrative in their devotions than at the present time. In those days, too, pulpit oratory was generally more eloquent and effective, while the grammatical dress and other " worldly " accomplishments were not so assiduously cultivated as at present. But in the manner of conducting public worship there has probably not been so much change as in that of family worship, or " family prayers " as it was often called. "We had then most emphatically an American edition of that pious old Scotch practice so eloquently described in Burns' " Cotter's Saturday Night:" The oheeifu' supper done, wi' serious face They round the ingle formed a circle wide; The sire turns o'er, wi' patriarchal grace, The big ha' Bible, ance his father's pride; His bonnet rev'rently is laid aside, His lyart haflfets wearing thin and bare; Those strains that once did in sweet Zion glide; He wales a portion with judfcious care. And "let us worship God," he says with solemn air. They chant their artless notes in simple guise; They tune their hearts,— by far the noblest aim; Perhaps " Dundee's " wild warbling measures rise, Or plaintive " Martyr's" worthy of the name; Or noble " Elgin" beats the heavenward flame, — The sweetest far of Scotia's hallowed lays. Compared with these, Italian trills are tame; The tickled ear no heart-felt raptures raise: Nae unison hae they with our Creator's praise. The priest-like father reads the sacred page, — How Abraham was the friend of God on high, etc. Then kneeling down, to heaven's Eternal King The saint, the father and the husband prays; Hope " springs exulting on triumphant wing," That thus they all shall meet in future days; HISTOEY OF INDIANA. 253 There ever bask in uncreated rays, No more to sigh or shed the bitter tear, Together hymning their Creator's praise, In such society, yet still more dear, "While circling time moves round in an eternal sphere. Once or twice a day, in the morning just before breakfast, or in the evening just before retiring to rest, the head of the family v^ould call those around him to order, read a chapter in the Bible, announce the hymn and tune by commencing to sing it, when all would join; then he would deliver a most fervent prayer. If a pious guest were present he would be called on to take the lead in all the exercises of the evening; and if in those days a person who prayed in the family or in public did not pray as if it were his very last on earth, his piety was thought to be defective. The familiar tunes of that day are remembered by the surviving old settlers as being more spiritual and inspiring than those of the pres- ent day, such as Bourbon, Consolation, China, Canaan, Conquering Soldier, Condescension, Devotion, Davis, Fiducia, Funeral Thought, Florida, Golden Hill, Greenfields, Ganges, Idumea, Imandra, Ken- tucky, Lenox, Leander, Mear, New Orleans, Northfield, New Salem, New Durham, Olney, Primrose, Pisgah, Pleyel's Hymn, Rockbridge, Rockingham, Reflection, Supplication, Salvation, St. Thomas, Salem, Tender Thought, "Windham, Greenville, etc., as they are named in the Missouri Harmony. Members of other orthodox denominations also had their family prayers in which, however, the phraseology of the prayer was some- what different and the voice not so loud as characterized the real Methodists, United Brethren, etc. HOSPITALITY. The traveler always found a welcome at the pioneer's cabin. It was never full. Although there might be already a guest for every puncheon, there was still " room for one more," and a wider circle would be made for the new-comer at the log fire. If the stranger was in search of land he was doubly welcome, and his host would volunteer to show him all the " first-rate claims in this neck of the woods," going with him for days, showing the corners and advantages of every " Congress tract " within a dozen miles of his own cabin. 254 HIHTORY OF INDIANA. To his neighbors the pioneer was equally liberal. If a deer was killed, the choicest bits were sent to his nearest neighbor, a half- dozen miles away, perhaps. When a '' shoat " was butchered, the same custom prevailed. If a new-comer came in too late for " crop- ping," the neighbors would supply his table with just the same luxuries they themselves enjoyed, and in as liberal quantity, until a crop could be raised. When a new-comer had located his claim, the neighbors for miles around would assemble at the site of the new- comer's proposed cabin and aid him in " gittin' " it up. One party with axes would cut down the trees and hew the logs; another with teams would haul the logs to the ground; another party would "raise" the cabin; while several of the old men would "rive the clapboards " for the roof. By night the little forest domicile would be up and ready for a " house-warming," which was the dedicatory occupation of the house, when music and dancing and festivity would be enjoyed at full height. The next day the new-coaier would be as well situated as his neighbors. An instance of primitive hospitable manners will be in place here. A traveling Methodist preacher arrived in a distant neigh- borhood to fill an appointment. The house where services were to be held did not belong to a church member, but no matter for that. Boards were raked up from all quarters with which to make temporary seats, one of the neighbors volunteering to lead off in the work, while the man of the house, with the faithful rifle on his shoulder, sallied forth in quest of meat, for this truly was a " ground-hog " case, the preacher coming and no meat in the house. The host cease.l not the chase until he found the meat, in the shape of a deer; returning, he sent a boy. out after it, with directions on what " pint " to find it. After services, which had been listened to with rapt attention by all the audience, mine host said to his wife, "Old woman, I reckon this 'ere preacher is pretty hungry and you must git him a bite to eat." "What shall I git him?" asked the wife, who had not seen the deer; " thar's nuthin' in the house to eat." "Why, look thar," returned he; "thar's deer, and thar's plenty of corn in the field; you git some corn and grate it while I skin the deer, and we'll have a good supper for him." It is need- less to add that venison and corn bread made a supper fit for any pioneer- preacher, and was thankfully eaten. IlISTOKY OF INDIANA. 255 TRADE. In pioneer times the transactions of commarce were generally carried on by neighborhood exchanges. Now and then a farmer would load a flat-boat with beeswax, honey, tallow and peltries, with perhaps a few bushels of wheat or corn or a few hundred clapboards, and float down the rivers into the Ohio, and thence to New Orleans, where he would exchange his produce for substantial in the shape of groceries and a little ready money, with which he would return by some one of the two or three steamboats then run- ning. Betimes there appeared at the best steamboat landings a number of " middle men " engaged in the " commission and for- warding " business^ buying up the farmers' produce and the tro- phies of the chase and the trap, and sending them to the various distant markets. Their winter's accumulations would be shipped in the spring, and the manufactured goods of the far East or dis- tant South would come back in return; and in all these transactions scarcely any money was seen or used. Goods were sold on a year's time to the farmers, and payment made from the proceeds of the ensuing crops. When the crops were sold and the merchant satis- fied, the surplus was paid out in orders on the store to laboring men and to Satisfy other creditors. When a day's work was done by a working man, his employer would ask, "Well, what store do you want your order on ? " The answer being given, the order was written and always cheerfully accepted. MOJSTET. Money was an article little known and seldom seen among the earlier settlers. Indeed, they had but little use for it, as they could transact all their business about as well without it, on the " barter " system, wherein great ingenuity was sometimes displayed. When it failed in any instance, long credits contributed to the convenience of the citizens. But for taxes and postage neither the barter nor the credit system would answer, and often letters were suffered to remain a long lime in the postofSce for the want of the twenty-five cents demanded by the Government. With all this high price on postage, by the way, the letter had not been brought 500 miles in a day or two, as the case is nowadays, but had prob- ably been weeks on the route, and the mail was delivered at the pioneer's postoffice, several miles distant from his residence, only 256 niSTJRY OF INDIANA. once in a week or two. All the mail would be carried by a lone horseman. Instances are related illustrating how misrepresenta- tion would be resorted to in order to elicit the sympathies of some one who was known to have "two bits" (35 cents) of money with him^ and procure the required Governmental fee for a letter. Peltries came nearer being money than anything else, as it came to be custom to estimate the value of everything in peltries. Such an article was worth so many peltries. Even some tax collectors and postmasters were known to take peltries and exchange them for the money required by the Government. When the first settlers came into the wilderness they gener- ally supposed that their hard struggle would be principally over after the first year; but alas! they often looked for "easier times next year" for many years before realizing them, and then they came in so slily as to be almost imperceptible. The sturdy pioneer thus learned to bear hardships, privation and hard living, as good soldiers do. As the facilities for making money were not great, they lived pretty well satisfied in 429 31 i86g 137,414 27 1 18,496 00 ^^7° 143.055 68 131,444 00 '°7i 71.743 79 55.47759 I072 190,157 94 145,984 12 ■f73 162,47633 134,91794 1074 88,404 31 56,956 72 1875 81,369 91 63,262 29 1^76 51.44255 37.660 78 "877 58.63287 54.56817 1070 95.281 II 50,02783 1879 ■- 104,811 25 95,30688 18S0 89,612 48 70,692 57 1881 110,320 08 91.937 92 1882 122,29484 89,645 78 1883 178,888 12 160,11529 1884 139,214 59 122,105 91 1885 107,122 68 120,128 98 COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 331 BONDED INDEBTEDNESS. There are county bonds outstanding to the amount of , $20,000 Tliere are gravel road bonds outstanding as follows : Markle gravel road bonds 2,000 Mishler gravel road bonds 2,500 Stults gravel road bonds 1,500 Columbia City gravel road bonds - 8,ooG Ft. Wayne gravel road bonds 12,000 Union Township gravel road bonds 15,000 Huntington and Zanesville gravel road bonds 9,000 Polk Township gravel road bonds 7,5oo Huntington, Warren and Montpelier gravel road bonds 12,000 Roanoke and Christian gravel road bonds 9,000 Hosier gravel road bonds 9,000 Roanoke and Jackson gravel road bonds 12,000 Infirmary gravel road bonds 1,400 Wabash and Salamonie gravel road bonds 24,000 Total county and gravel road bonds $144,900 Total amount of county orders outstanding 31O93 Total indebtedness $147,993 Medical Society. — In July, 1853, the first medical society was organized with the following officers: President, Dr. F. W. Saw- yer; Vice President, Dr. A. M. Lewis; Secretary, Dr. L. C. Pome- roy; Censors, Drs. L. A. Castor, A. M. Lewis, F. W. Sawyer. Resolutions were adopted a-t this meeting, favoring monthly meetings, and all physicians and others interested in the medical work were invited to become members. After a short time the organization was abandoned. An effort was made in 1853, to reorganize but without success. In 1854, an organization was effected and the following officers elected. President, Dr. A. Laramore; Vice President, Dr. N. S. Wickersham; Secretary, Dr. F. S. Grayston; Censors, Drs. Hammond, Wickersham and W. B. Lyons. A constitution and by-laws, and the American Code of Ethics were adopted. The society extended an invita- tion to all physicians in good standing to become members, and its membership soon increased beyond the expectations of its projectors. During the war the society was not kept up to its proper standard, but at the close of the war, an unusual interest sprang up, which was soon injured by a certain dis- cordant element, and the society again ceased to exist. In 1880, the society was revived, and for the last three or four years there has been a steady and encouraging increase in the mem- bership, and great benefits have been attained by the scientific contests and investigations had by the members. County Officers. — The following is a list of the county officers since the organization of the county: Circuit Judges.— Gnsta-vas A. Everts, 1834; Samuel C. Sam- ple, 1835; Charles W. Ewing, 1837; Henry Chase, 1839; John W. Wright, 1341; James W. Borden, 1843; E. A. McMahon, 1851; John U. Pettit, 1853; John M. Wallace, 1855; Horace P. Biddle, 1861; 333 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Eobert Lowry, 1869; John U. Pettit, 1873; Jas. R. Stack, 1873; Henry B. Sayler, 1881. Asfiociate Judges. — Jonathan Keller and Murdock McLean, 1834; George A. Fate, 1836; Samuel B. Gales and William C. Parker, 1842; John D. Pulse and Daniel James, 1849; Benjamin Orton, 1851. Probate and Common Pleas Judges. — William Shearer, 1834; James Gillece, 1838; William Shearer, 1841; David Garlick, 1848; William B. Scheiicke, 1850; W. B. Loughridge, 1853; Joseph Breckenridge, 1861: James W. Borden, 1865; R. S. Taylor (ap- pointed), 1867; David Studebaker, 1868; R S. Taylor, (ap- pointed) 1869; W. W. Carson, 1870; Samuel E. Sinclair, 1872. The Common Pleas Court was abolished by the Legislature in 1873. Prosecuting Attorneys Circuit Court. — Since 1834, the fol- lovs^ing persons have served as prosecuting attorneys, either by election or appointment. Samuel C. Sample, Joseph L. Jernegan, Thomas Johnson, John W. Wright, Lucius P. Feery, William H. Coombs, Lysander C. Jacoby, E. A. McMahon, John S. Hendrix, John R. Coffrosh, Isaac DeLong, Charles Case, J. M. Coombs, L M. Harlan, L. P. Milligan, Oris Blasle, Charles A. Parrish, Samuel Mahon, Robert P. DeHart, H. B. Sayler, M. H. Kidd, T. C. Whitside, J. H. Chase, Thomas Roche, J. 0. Branyan, George W. Stults, J. S. Dinley Alexander Hess,W. H. Carroll, Alfred Moore, A. E. Steele, W. C. Watkins, E. C. Vaughn. CZerfcs.— William Edsall, 1834; Isaac M. Harlan, 1837; William Shearer. 1839; Joseph Wiley, 1841; Samuel H. Purviance, 1855; Joseph Wiley, 1859; John Morgan, 18G3; Thomas L. Lucas, 1871;, Willis A. Jones 1879; Samuel Buchanan, 1883; John K. Glenn 1888. Auditors. — James R. Stack; 1843; John Alexander, 1851; John Carll, 1859; M. B. Brandt, 1863; R C. Ebersole, 1867; Robert Simonton 1871; H. C. Black; 1875; E. T Lee, 1883. Recorders.— M. B. Brandt, 1855; T. L. Lucas, 1863; J. K. Schlosser, 1871; L. J. Day, 1875; Porter Ayers, 1879; Martin Lit- tle, 1887. Treasurers. — Elias Murray, 1834; Samuel W. Hawley, 1836; JoelHelvy, 1837; Henry Bowles, 1839; George A. Fate, 1843; John Roche, 1843; W. B. Loughridge, 1845; S. W. Hawley, 1851; M. J. Purviance, 1854; Samuel McCaughey, 1856; W. Sanger, 1860; John D. Jones, 1862; Jacob Mishler, 1864; J. W. Purviance, 1868; Sexton Emlev, 1872; Daniel Christian, 1876; Henry Beavers, 1882; William K. Windle, 1886. Sheriffs. — -Champion Helvey, 1834; William G. Johnson, 1835; R. H. Eddy, 1839; Chelsea Crandall, 1841; John Buchanan, 1845; Chelsea Crandall, 18 16; John Buchanan, 1848; Henry Brown, 1852; Jacob Young, 1856; Samuel Dougherty, 1860; Luther Cum- mings, 1862; Charles Mayne, 1866; Aaron McKinney, 1870; Aden J. Wiles, 1874; J. A. W. Kurtz, 1878; J. W. Bowman, 1880; James M. Bratton, 1886. COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 333 Coroners. — The following persons have served as coroner since the organization of the county : David Myers, I. K. Schlosser, Joachim Fernandez, Lyon War- ner, John Buchanan, James M. Bratton, Tipton AUman, Gran- ville Bocock, Joseph Patterson, Cyrus Carey, C. L. Wright, 1886. Surveyors. — The persons named below have acted as surveyor of the county since 1850: S. C. Putnam, Samuel H. Swain" F. Calvert. John Roche, G. S. Brinkerhoof, Thomas Bolinger, Will- iam G. Bratton, Aaron Sprinkle, H. C. Black, J. M. Hatfield, J. W. Gasman, John C. Altman, H. H. Wagner, Thomas B. Hart. Commissioners. — John Burke. Stearns Fisher, Lewis Rogers, 1834; John Burke, Paul Burke, John S. Merrill, 1835; Channing Madison, Rufus Adams, Peter Wise, 183(3. In May, 1837, Jesse Clevelan, John S. Merrill and Leander Morrison were elected a Board of Justices and had control of all county business for about one year. At the end of the year Samuel Moore was elected in place of John S. Merrill. In 1839 the office of County Commis- sioner was established, and Joseph Wiley, J. R. Emly and Nathan Fisher were elected. Nathan Fisher, Alward White and John Leyman were elected in 1841; Alward White, Samuel H. Pur- viance and John Leyman in 1843; James C. Best, Samuel H. Pur- viance and John Leyman in 1844; James C. Best, James Taylor and S. H. Purviance in 1845; James C. Best, Nathan Fisher and James Taylor in 1846; James Taj lor, Nathan Fisher, J. R. Emly, 1847; James Taylor, Albert Draper, Peter Emery, 1849; Peter FiOiery, John Heiney, Albert Draper, 1851; Peter Emery, John Heiney, Hugh Montgomery, 1853; John Heiney, Hugh Montgom- ery, Sexton Emley, 1853; John Alexander, 1854; John Kenower, 1856; James Taylor, 1856; Samuel Emley, 1858; Enis Boyd, 1858; John Miller, 1860; WilliamO. Jones, 1861; Andrew Wiley, George Keefer, 1862; John Miller, 1863; Samuel Emlev, 1864; Enos Boyd, 1865; John Boriebraker, 1866; Martin W. Little, 1868; Daniel Kitch, Oliver H. Fisher, John W. Baker, 1870; Oliver H. Fisher, 1874; Joseph Wagoner, George Buzzard. Henry Heaston,1876. Present Board, Henry Dinius, George W. Bell and A. B. Shideler. Prosecuting Attorney Common Pleas Court. — The following persons acted (either by appointment or election) as Prosecuting Attorney for the Common Pleas Court: John R. Coffroth, November term, 1852; Benedict Burnes, April term, 1853; L. P. Milligan, July term, ]853; Isaac DeLong, July, 1854, to January, 1855; L. P. Milligan, January and October term, 1855; William C. Kocher, January term, 1856; J. R. Coff- roth, June term, 1856, to January term, 1857; Samuel Mahon, January term, 1857, to June term, 1859; Frederick P. Lucas, June term, 1839, to March term, 1860; Newton Burwell, March term, 1860, to January term, 1861; David T. Smith, January term, 1861, to February term, 1863; David Colrick, February term, 1863, to Februarv term, 1867; Joseph S. Dailey, February, 1867, to Feb- ruary, 1869; Benjamin P. Ibach, February, 1869, to February, 1873; A. H. Bittenger, February term, 1873; that being the last 334 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. term of the Common Pleas Court, it having been abolished by the Legislature. Early Entries. — Among the first entries of lands m Huntington County were L. E. Shaw, May, 1835, in Section 15; C. W. & Louisa Ewing, June, 1835, Sectioa 15, Jackson Township; Michael Doy- ler, in 18;i4, Section 33, Valentine Simpson, May 24, 1834, Section 31, and David Bowser, June 10, 1834, Section 28, Clear Greek Town- ship; George Zellers, in 1835, Section 11, Thomas Delvin, April 10, 1835, Section 2, Thomas Wiley, May 30, 1835, Section 28, Allen Barnett, May 9, 1835, Section 28, Warren Township; Artemus D. Woodworth, August, 1838, Section 14, Capt. Elias Murray, Octo- ber 12, 1830, Section 13, William G. Campbell, October 4, 1832, Section 14, Dallas Township; Champion & Joel Helvy, 1831, Sec- tion 14, N. Brady, July 13, 1833, Section 23, Huntington Township; James Daniels, November 16, 1830, Albert Draper, September 2, 1833, John McErvan, 1836, John A. Freel & John Lewis, 1837, Union Township; Obediah Brown, December 17, 1833, Joseph Davis, October 13, 1835, Rock Creek Township; Joseph Sprowl, October 10, 1833, Section 34, Louis Godfrey, October 6, 1832, Joseph P. Anthony and Abram ISTordyke, February, 1835, Lancas- ter Township; Willis Jeffrey, October 30, 1833, Charles Haily, July 18, 1835, Polk Township; Moses Kelly, November 6, 1835, John Ruggles, November 20, 1834, Isaac Branson, November 12, 1834, Wayne Township; George W. Helmes, 1834, Section 12, Peter Wire, September 11, 1834, in Jefferson Township; Samuel Jones, 1833, Flamming Mitchell, 1833, James Brown, 1834, Sala- monie Township. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. The source of information from which the following returns were taken is not to be relied upon entirely and it is probable they contain some errors: NOVEMBER, 1844. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. WHIG. LIBERTY. Polk and Clay and Birney and Dallas. Frelinghuysen. Morris. Jackson 15 27 Clear Creek 24 9 Warren 15 g Huntington 122 93 Rock Creek 12 6 Lancaster 37 56 5 Salamonie 67 52 Jefferson 12 10 Wayne 13 ig Total. 317 277 COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 335 NOVEMBER, 1848. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. WHIG. FREE SOIL. Cass and Taylor and Van Bmen and Butler. Filmore. Adams. Dallas 21 30 Lancaster 30 39 9 Rock Creek 36 17 Huntington 93 85 4 Clear Creek 44 25 3 Warren 24 12 Union 17 18 i Polk 27 25 13 Jefferson 41 49 7 Wayne 21 27 4 Total 354 327 31 In 1840 the Township of Huntington (that being the only record of that election found) gave Van Buren and Johnson, Democratic, 56 votes, and Harrison and Tyler, Whig, 78votes. NOVEMBER, 1852. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. Pierce and King. Polk 50 Wayne 21 Jefferson 58 Warren 52 Dallas 39 Union 50 Rock Creek 74 Lancaster 67 Clear Creek 98 Jackson 67 Salamonie 100 Total 676 WHIG. Scott and Graham. 37 43 57 20 43 34 48 66 32 109 93 584 NOVEMBER, 1856. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. Buchanan and Breckenridge. Dallas 70 Lancaster 75 Warren 82 Clear Creek 85 Salamonie Ill Jackson :l 97 Huntington 345 Union 72 Rock Creek 92 Polk 34 Wayne 45 Jefferson 73 Total 1 181 REPUBLICAN. AMERICAN. Freemont and Filmore and Dayton. Donelson. 103 I 122 9 32 I 118 "3 I 166 32 177 I 54 90 98 59 II TOO 1232 56 336 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. NOVEMBER, i860. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. Douglas and Johnson. Jefferson 93 Union 84 Dallas 115 Wayne 52 Huntington 388 Jackson 133 Rock Creek 107 Salamonie 129 Clear Creek 88 Lancaster 94 Warren 89 Polk 30 Total 1402 REPUBLICAN. INDEPENDENT. Lincoln and Breckinridge Hamlin. and Lane. 109 S 80 I 119 92 3 250 26 244 5 117 7 140 2 128 5 147 44 134 1604 54 NOVEMBER, 1864. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN. McClellan and Lincoln and Pendleton. Johnson. Jackson 135 251 Clear Creek 120 114 Warren 138 36 Dallas 99 141 Huntington 528 239 Union 94 93 Rock Creek 157 93 Lancaster 97 i65 Polk 25 136 Wayne 53 63 Jefferson 93 140 Salamonie .- 146 125 Total 1685 1597 NOVEMBER, 1868. TOWNSHIPS. DEMOCRATIC. Seymour and Blair. Jackson 144 Huntington 356 Wayne 75 Union 101 Clear Creek 132 Warren 141 Dallas 125 Rock Creek 215 Lancaster 114 Polk 30 Jefferson iii Salamonie 153 Total 1984 REPUBLICAN. Grant and Colfax. 321 625 85 116 144 63 183 133 200 165 150 174 2359 COUNT r ORGANIZATION. 339 NOVEMBER, 1872. TOWNSHIPS. LIBERAL REPUBLICAN. REPUBLICAN. Greeley and Grant and Brown. Wilson. Jackson 143 306 Clear Creek 106 150 Warren 13S 77 Dallas 107 183 Huntington 606 429 Union 138 79 Rock Creek 202 151 Lancaster 107 213 Polk 40 161 Wayne 84 100 Jefferson 91 158 Salamonie 141 183 Total 1900 2190 Rock Creek gave four votes for the O'Connor ticket. NOVEMBER, 1876. TOWNSHIPS. REPUBLICAN. Hayes and Wheeler. Clear Creek 156 Dallas 185 Jefferson 187 Warren 92 Rock Creek 186 Polk 182 Union 113 Lancaster 251 Salamonie __ 212 Huntington 469 Wayne _ no Jackson 308 Total 245 1 DEMOCRATIC. INDEPENDENT. Tilden and Cooper and Hendricks. Cary. 154 137 15 122 2 154 250 64 178 15" 193 759 I 126 I 175 2453 19 NOVEMBER, 1880. TOWNSHIPS. REPUBLICAN. Garfield and Arthur. Clear Creek 1 74 Dallas 207 Jefferson 199 Warren lOI Rock Creek 176 Polk 202 Union 119 Lancaster 248 Salamonie 248 Huntington 527 Wayne 122 Jackson 315 Total 2638 3 DEMOCRATIC. INDEPENDENT. Hancock and Weaver and English. Chambers. 164 5 150 7 139 8 176 I 256 19 60 8 208 167 II 243 II 789 52 "5 190 3 2657 125 340 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, Agricultural Society. — In the fall of 1852, the citizens of the county held the first Agricultural Fair in the old Court House, on the corner of Jefferson and Franklin Streets, in the town of Huntington. There was no regular organization at that time, but the fair was under the direction of Albert Draper, John Becker and others. In December, 1852, it was decided to organize a society, and a call was published for a meeting on the 1st day of January, 1853. On the day set for the meeting, the ciDizens met and Jacob Snyder was appointed chairman, L. P. Milligan, Secretary, and William G. Sutton, Treasurer. After a thorough discussion of the matter a permanent organ- ization was decided upon, and February 5th fixed for the elec- tion of the officers, at which time Charles H. Lewis was elected President; Warren Hecox, Vice President; William Norton, Secretary; William G. Sutton, Treasurer, and a board of direc- tors composed of the following persons: Albert Draper, James Purviance^ Sexton Emly, Edward Coles, Thomas Moore, Jacob Snyder, David Chambers, James Miller, Thomas Fisher, Peter Weese, E. Fleming and Eobert Tyson, Sr. For the fair of 1853, a premium list was prepared by Albert Draper, offering pre- miums to the amount of $99.75, which the society adopted, and on the 18th and 19th days of October, 1853, the society held its first fair under the new organization, on grounds on the south side of Little River just below the old bridge near where the res- idence of Samuel Buchanan now stands. Financially the fair was a success, the receipts being $180.60, and the expenditures being $94.12, leaving a balance in the treasury of $86.48. Qn the 4th of February, 1854, a new election was had, and John Becker was elected President; Robert Tyson, Sr., Vice President; William G. Sutton, Secretary, and S. W. Hawley, Treasurer. On the 17th and 18th days of October of that year, a fair was held in the eastern part of Huntington, in a meadow belonging to Orrin Brown. On the 16th and 17th days of October, 1855, the society held a fair on the south side of Little River. James M. Bratton was President, and A. W. DeLong, Secretary. The society was abandoned soon after, and was not re-organized again until in June, 1857, when a permanent organization was completed with Peter Weese, President; L. P. Milligan. Vice President; A. M, Lewis, Secretary, and William L. Steele, Treasurer. The society held no fair this year. On the 12th day of August, 1858, an elec- tion was held, and Jacob Stultz was elected President; John Becker, Vice President; A. M. Lewis, Secretary, and William G, Sutton, Treasurer. At this meeting it was determined to canvass the county thoroughly with speakers and a company of singers, and William L. Steele was selected to direct the same. On the 26th, 37th and 28th days of October, a fair was held on grounds secured by the society, just west of Huntington, and on the north side of the canal, which was a decided success. June 4th, 1859, L. P. Milligan was elected President; Elijah Snowden, Vice President; A. M. Lewis, Secretary, and William G. Sutton, COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 341 Treasurer. A fair was held on the society's grounds on the 28th^ 29th and 30th days of September. In the year 1880, WiUiam Oden was President; Joseph Chesebro, Vice President; A. M, Lewis, Secretary, and Jacob Snyder, Treasurer, and a fair was- held on the 8d, 4th and 5th days of October. In 1861, the officers were Dr. H. S. Heath, President; Robert Tyson, Sr., Vice Presi- dent; A.M. Lewis, Secretary, and William Stults, Treasurer, and afair was held on the 25th. 26th and ..'7th days of September. In 1862, Dr. H. S. Heath was President; Silas Jones, Vice President;: A. M. Lewis, Secretary, and John Roche, Treasurer. In Decem- ber,1863, Dr. H. S. Heath was re-elected President; L. P. Milligan^ was elected Vice President; A. M. Lewis, Secretary, and Tiptoni Allman, Treasurer. With much trouble the society kept up its- organization until in January, ls65, when it was again abandoned. The society has held no fairs subsequent to 1861. On the 4th day of January, 1868, a. meeting was held at the court house, in Huntington, and it was determined to re-organize, which was done by electing Peter W. Zent, President; O. W. Sanger, Vice President; John Roche, Treasurer, and Robert Simonton, Secre- tary. Grounds were secured, and in 1869, a fair was held, with the same officers, they having been re-elected. Fairs have beea held regularly every year since 1868. Since 1870, the following persons have acted as officers of the society: In 1870 — President. Peter W. Zent; Vice President, Frank McKeever; Secretary, Robert Simonton; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch. In 1871 — President, P. W. Zent; Vice President, Robert Tyson, Sr., Secretary, Robert Simonton; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch. In 1872 — President, John D. Jones; Vice President, H. F. Bil- litier; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch; Secretary, Robert Simonton. In 1873 — President, P. W. Zent; Vice President, Frank McKeever; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch; Secretary, Alfred Moore. In 1874 — President, P. W.Zent; Vice President, Peter Weese; Secretary, Alfred Moore; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch. In 1876 — President, Luther Cummings; Vice President, Frank McKeever; Secretary, Robert Simonton; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch. In 1876 — President, Frank McKeever; Vice President, Jacob Stultz; Treasurer, Daniel Kitch; Secretary, Robert Simonton; who resigned and T. L. Lucas was elected to fill the vacancy. In 1877 —President, Frank McKeever; Vice President, Jacob Stultz; Secretary, Willis A. Jones; Treasurer, Peter Weese. In 1878 — President, Robert Simonton; Secretary, Daniel Kitch; Treasurer, Willis A. Jones. In 1879 — The same persons held the above offices. In 1880 — Same. In 188 L — Joseph G. Amiss was elected President, Daniel Kitch Secretary, and George W. Whitmore, Treasurer. In 1882- President, Willis A. Jones; Robert Simonton, Treas- urer, and L. T. Bagley, Secretary. k 343 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. In 1883 — President, Eobert Simonton; Joseph G. Amiss, Treas- urer, and L. T. Bagley, Secretary. In 1884 — President, Eobert Simonton; Treasurer, Joseph G. Amiss; Secretary, L. T. Bagley. 1885 — President, Robert Simonton, and the same persons as above acting as Secretary and Treasurer. 1886 — President, Robert Simonton; Treasurer, Joseph G. Amiss, and L. T. Bagley, Secretary. The Fair of 1886 was held on the new grounds of the society, and with gratifiying results, notwithstanding the inclement weather, the receipts being about $4,600 and the expenditures about $:j,7G0. The new grounds are very beautiful, there being plenty of nice shade, good water, and with the nice, commodious buildings which the Society has erected thereon, makes it second to none in the northern part of the state. The science of farming is becoming better understood, and the condition of agriculture is improving. Underdraining is being rapidly pushed, which is a greater benefit than any other improvements on the farm. CHAPTER IV. Military History — Huntington County Prior to 1860 — Opening OP the Rebellion — Public Sentiment — Call for Troops — Active Volunteering — First Company for the War — Other Volunteering — Public Spirit in 1862 — Companies prom this County — The Drafts — Men Furn- ished BY THE County — Roll op Honor — Bounty and Relief. A NATION'S wars form the most interesting of all its chapters in history, and its combats on the field of battle are often struggles for existence and independence. This very contest for life itself, is sufficient to create the absorbing interest with which a people watch the country's warlike movements. But when there is added to this, feats of daring heroism, inspired by the most exalted patriotism, there is an additional halo thrown around the scenes of these conflicts and they become consecrated to the cause that was there victorious. The deeds of heroes live in song and poetry, and the Nation bows in reverence at the shrine of its illustrious warriors. No great wars engaged the attention of the United States from the close of the Revolution to the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. The War of 1813 and the campaign against Mexico can- not be considered as of vital importance, for had this government MILITARY HISTORY. 343 suffered defeat in either the issues were such that no part of the national existence would have been surrendered. But spec- ulations of this kind are foreign to the present work. After the organization of Huntington County, there were no stirring scenes of war to interrupt the peaceful pursuits of its citizens before that terrible storm of fraternal strife which begun in 18 jl, unless that brief flurry of excitement which attended the campaign of the United States Army in that land where Cortez and his followers had long preceded them as illustrious conquerors, be termed an exception. Husbands had not known the sorrow of parting from wives and children, perhaps for the last time, as they took up their march for the front; fathers and mothers had not been called upon to bid farewell to sons depart- ing for scenes of human strife; maidens had never known the anguish of leaving lovers who were obeying the high commands of a nation at war. In the Mexican War, Huntington County was not conspicuous. The county had been settled scarcely a dozen years and the popu- lation was not sufficient to furnish a large number of men for that war. A few men went, but to obtain their names now is impossible. The causes which led to the great civil war in the United States were matters of such long standing and had been so grad- ually brought about through an unavoidable course of circum- stances, that an inquiry into them in this place could not be expected. They are matters of such national prominence that every history of those times will acquaint any who may not already know them with their leading features. Suffice it to say that the system of slavery then maintained in the Southern or Cotton-growing States, was the real cause of that unhappy war. Almost from the very organization of the Government there had been a struggle between the Free and Slave States for supremacy. The development of the West gave to the former an advantage which the South could not overcome. Besides this preponderance of territori?^ a violent agitation against the existence of slavery anywhere in the United States was carried on all over the North, and the abolition of slavery became the watchword of political parties. Of these parties the one that became the most powerful, and, indeed, the one that absorbed all the others holding that idea, was the Republican. The success of that party in the election of 1860, was accepted by the Southern States as the last overflow from the cup of forbearance. They resolved, therefore, to sub- mit to this Government no longer, but to form a new and inde- pendent confederacy of their own. The doctrine of State's rights as paramount to national affairs had long been taught in that portion of the United States under the lead of some of its most eminent statesmen. They held that the Union was a mere com- pact of sovereign States from which each had the right to with- draw at pleasure. Throughout the North there was a divided sentiment upon this subject, many holding that if a State desired 344 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. to go out of the Union there was no lawful way to prevent it, however much such a course might be lamented. In this state of public opinion the leaders of the South assumed the aggressive, and as soon as the result of the election became known they be- gan preparations for leaving the Union. Those who had assisted in the election of Lincoln hoped for a strong and vigorous policy on the part of the Government against the secession movement. Prior to his inauguration seven States had passed ordinances of secession and declared themselves out of the Union, and in three months four others had adopted a like course. The dates of their seceding were as follows: South Carolina, December 20, 1860j Mississippi, January 9; Alabama and Florida, January 11; Geor- gia, January 19; Louisiana, January 26; Texas, February 1; Virginia, April 17; Arkansas and Tennessee, May 6; North Car- olina, May 21, 1861. The extreme partisans that had supported the President were dissatisfied with the course of non-interference with the seceders which characterized the first few weeks of his administration. Public feeling ran high all over the land. Meet- ings were held at which the leading men of the community spoke, and resolutions were passed, advising the best course to pursue. It was in the midst of this excitement of the public mind that the firing upon Fort Sumter took place. No other deed could have so soon and so firmly united the loyal hearts of the North in defense of the whole Union and the fiag that represented it. They welcomed war as perhaps the only solution to the momentous questions of the hour and gladly responded to the call to arms. In Huntington County the campaign of 1860, was one of in- tense excitement and party spirit was at its utmost tension. Some of the most prominent speakers of each party expounded the party doctrines to large public meetings. Nearly every township had its company of "Wide Awakes" for Republican agitation or "Hickory Club" for the Democrats. Night after night was disturbed by the fitful glaie of torch-light processions and the hoarse shouts of partisans. In the election Lincoln re- ceived a majority in the county of 202 over Douglas, and 148 over all candidates. Then came the news of secession by the Southern States, and many stout hearts doubted the result. Here, as elsewhere, almost every phase of the leading questions had advocates. The Huntington Democrat, then edited by Winters & Kooher, in its issue of December 27th, said: " We are free to confess that we favor the right of secession. In our opinion any State has, or ought to have, a perfect right to withdraw from the Union." This was perhaps an extreme position to be iaken at that time. But the truth was men scarcely knew what ground to take then, public opinion was so unsettled and the people generally knew so little about the great questions of the hour. The next issue of the same paper contained the following, which may be taken as explanatory of what has just been given: " We do not believe that under existing causes any State has a right to go out, neither do we believe that there is a MILITARY HISTORY. 345 possibility arising which will justify the secession of any one 8tate." " No man should cry disunion — he who does so is a trai- tor to his country." At a Union mass meeting held on the 16th of February, 1831, large numbers of all parties were present and took part. The opinions expressed in the various resolutions are of considerable interest, and the proceedings of the convention are here given at length: " On motion Samuel McCaughey was called to the chair and Samuel F. Winter and II. B. Sayler were appointed secre- taries. The objects of the meeting were stated by Messrs. Milli- gan, Andrews and Kocher. On motion by Mr. Milligan three gentlemen of the Douglas Democracy, three of the Republican party and one of the Breckenridge Democracy were appointed a committee on resolutions. The committee consisted of W. B. Loughridge, S. P. Milligan and W. G. Sutton, on the part of the Douglas Democracy; I. DeLong, M. B. Brandt and H. B. Sayler on the part of the Republicans, and John R. Coffroth, on the part of the Breckenridge Democracy. In consequence of the inability of the committee to agre^, a majority report and a minority report was presented to the convention. The ma- jority report was adopted by the convention, as follows: "Resolved, 1st. That the provisioas of the Constitution are ample for the preservation of the Union and the protection of all the material interests of the country. That it needs to be obeyed rather than amended and that the best security for the perpetuity of our once glorious Union is to be found in the speedy return to an observance of the constitutional rights and the performance of constitutional duties by every section of the Union in a spirit of fraternal forbearance and patient tolerance of the opinions of others. "3d. But that in view of the fact that no recurrence to first principles can be expected from the present state of public opin- ion, we recommend such course as will best preserve the peace and avert the calamities of threatened civil war, and we think the best mode of effecting so desirable an end is to exhaust all friendly efforts for a reconciiliation, and when that has failed let our brethren depart ip peace. "3d. That it is the duty of the Federal Government, in all its departments, to protect when necessary, the property of the citi- zens of the United States, in the territories, on the high seas, and wherever else its constitutional authority extends. "ith. That common courtesy, as well as good faith, demand that our southern brethren shall have secured to them the rights of transit through, and temporary sojourn in, all the states of the Confederacy with their property without the same being inter- fered or their right to it impaired. "5th. Congress shall have no power to regulate, or control, within the States, the relations established or recognized by the law of any State, respecting persons held to service or labor therein. 346 HISTOltY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. "6th. Congress shall have no power to abolish slavery in navy yards, arsenals, forts or other places ceded to the United States in such States where slavery now exists, except by the consent of said States. "7th. Congress shall have no power to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia without the consent of a majority of the inhabitants thereof, and the States of Maryland and Virginia. "8th. Congress shall have no power to prohibit the inter-state slave trade. "9th. The African slave trade shall be forever prohibited. "10th. Tnat we the citizens of Huntington County in view of the present distracted state of the country, rather than en- counter the evils of dissolution of our glorious Union, are will- ing to yield up all party ties and party platforms, and meet our brethren of every party, upon any common ground that will pre- serve the Union of these States and secure us a republican form of government." The minority report of the committee was presented by Messrs. De Long, Brandt and Sayler. This report, which was tabled, read as follows: "Resolved, 1st. That the provisions of the Constitution are am- ple for the preservation of the Union and the protection of the material interests of the country; that it needs to be obeyed rather than amended, and that an extrication from our present dangers is to be looked for in strenuous efforts to preserve the peace, protect the public property and enforce the laws, rather than in new guaranties for particular interests, compromises for particular difficulties, concessions to unreasonable demands. " 2d. That all attempts to dissolve the present Union, or over- throw or abandon the Constitution, with the hope or expectation of constructing a new one, are dangerous, illusory and destruc- tive; that in the opinion of this meeting no such reconstruction is practicable, and therefore, to the maintenance of the existing Union and Constitution should be directed all the energies of all the departments of the government, and the efforts of all good citizens. " 3d. That the natural condition of the territories is freedom; and that Congress has the constitutional power and should exer- cise it, to preserve the territories in that condition, observing and protecting the rights of property in existence in any territory that may be acquired in the acquisition thereof, but such terri- tory shall not be acquired without the concurrent vote of two- thirds of the United States Senate and House of Representatives." Of course, it was impossible to amicably mix two such diverse opinions. They were absolutely incompatible. In this manner things drifted along until the news From Fort Sumter paralyzed the northern heart at the enormity of the crime of firing upon the National flag. The news from the bombardment was received at Huntington early on the morning of April 13th, and produced some of the MILITARY HISTORY. 347 liveliest scenes among the citizens that had ever been known. The surrounding country was depopulated and the people crowded eagerly to town, anxious to learn the latest news. They realized that war had actually begun, and the end none of them could foretell. Party differences were for the time forgotten, and all joined in condemnation of the rebellious traitors who had dared to strike down the stars and stripes. The Herald, edited by A. W. DeLong, contained the following: " The long threatened storm is upon us, war, bloody and devastat- ing war is fairly inaugurated, and that too, by the hands of a band of rebels striving to overthrow the Constitution and Union. The government has been pa+ient and forbearing — too long and too much so we fear — but its pacific course has had no effect upon the minds of men bent upon its destruction, and they have foolishly and madly become the agressors without a well founded cause. This deplorable event changes the nature of things from a theoretical future contingency, to a stern and startling fact of the present, and must be met as such. It makes plain and dis- tinct the duty of every man in this fearful crisis. The issue is as broad and clear as the difference between daylight and dark- ness. The question now is, whether this government, the best the sun ever shown on, and under which we have all lived in happy- ness so long — shall be perpetuated or overthrown. * * * * Men must show by their words and acts where they stand. Those who are for it stand where the patriots of the revolution stood, and maintain the principles fought for and established by them. Those who are against it occupy the position held by the Tories of that period. They are guilty of treason AND SHOULD BE TEEATED AS TRAITORS. " This was the sentiment of nearly all the citizens at that time. If any had formerly held those obnoxious ideas of the southern secessionists they were prudently quiet when their upholding them came to be a test of loyalty to their country. Immediately succeeding the fall of Sumter, came the President's call for 75,000 troops, to aid in putting down the rebellion. In response to this call the people of the county were specially active, and in less than one week, there was a company of over 130 men organized and ready for the front. But the activity in other portions of the State had more than filled the quota for Indiana. A* telegram from Lew Wallace, then Adjutant General of the state notified them to keep up their organization as other demands would be likely to follow soon. In less than a week more they were ordered to Indian- apolis. Before leaving, the company completed its organization, by electing the following oflBcers : Captain, H. A. Johnson, of Roanoke; First Lieutenant, Isaac DeLong; Second Lieutenant, Harmon Hendrix; Third Lieutenant, James McCrune. It is stated that fifty of the company measured six feet in height. Active volunteering continued in all parts of the county. On April 20, at a public meeting held at Roanoke, thirty volunteerd 348 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. and about $350.00 were subscribed for the benefit of families of volunteers. In Huntington a company of home-guards was organized with E. N. Whitney, Captain, and H. B. Sayler, First Lieutenant. A company of artillery was also formed and ics services tendered to the Governor. The company of Capt. Johnson was the first to enter the active service from this county in the rebellion. It was assigned the position of the F in Thirteenth Regiment, three years' vol- unteers. Its commissioned officers, with the dates of their com- missions, were as follows: Captain, Henry A. Johnson, April 34, 1861; First Lieutenants, Isaac DeLong, April 34, 1861, Harmon H. Hendrix, January 31, 1863; Second Lieutenants, H. H. Hen- drix, April 34, 1861; Samuel M. Zent, January 31, 1862; Bernard Couran, April 30, 1863; William B. Van Antwerp, April 30, 1863. The company entered the service with an enrollment of ninety- seven men, and during its period of service was recruited with eleven, making a total of 108. Of these sixteen died and nine deserted. In its issue of May 1st the Herald said: "The Volunteer Company perfected their organization before leav- ing this place last week by electing the following ofiicers: * * * These gentlemen are well adapted to the positions assigned them. Capt. Johnson has had considerable experience in military matters and is a good tatician. Lieut. De Long was in the army thirteen months during the Mexican war. The offi- cers, as well as the privates, will properly acquit themselves on all occasions." The Huntington Democrat, of the 35th of April, says of this company: " While at the depot awaiting the arrival of the train, a beautiful flag, which had been prepared by the patriotic ladies of this place, was presented to the company, which was received with feelings of deep emotion. When, finally, the time for parting arrived, when husbands took affec- tionate leave of their wives, perhaps for the last time, mothers of their sons, lovers of their sweethearts, there trickled tears from many eyes unused to weeping. The scene seemed to move the most obdurate heart, but, above all rose the sentiment, 'it is for all our country and the honor of our country's flag.' Who can say aught against the brave spirits that have willingly come for- ward at this time, when our flag was insulted and struck down — a flag that was ne^'er lowered before to any nation on earth — and have left wives, children, friends and home to raise their stal- wart arms in its defense? What heart is there that does not ofi:er up from its deepest recesses a prayer for the Divine guid- ance and protection of our noble-hearted soldiers, and that they may be returned to their homes and friends covered with glory and unhurt." The Thirteenth Regiment was one of the four regiments that first entered the seryice from Indiana, for the term of three years, and was mustered in at Indianapolis, June 19, 1861, with J. 0. Sullivan, as Colonel. Early in July, it joined McClellan's forces, in Virginia, and on the 11th took part in the battle of Rich MILITARY HISTORY. 349 Mountain. It remained in western Virginia for about one year, and was engaged in a large number of skirmishes, and did much scouting duty, besides engaging in several battles of note. It was under the command of Generals J. J. Reynolds, Landers, Shields, and in May, 1862, joined Gen. McDowell's command. After opposing Gen. Longstreet, at Suffolk, Deserted Farm, and marching over 400 miles, with a loss of two killed, nine- teen wounded and seven prisoners, the regiment reported to Gen. Keyes, at White House, on the Pamunkey, on the 37th of June, 1863. After destroying the railroads north of Richmond, it sailed for Charleston Harbor, and from the 3d of August, was stationed on Foley Island for several months. It took part in the opera- tions against Morris Island, Forts Gregg and Wagner. It was the first regiment to enter Fort Wagner in the assault of Sep- tember 7th. In December a portion of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and January 1st, 1864, reached Indianapolis on vet- €ran furlough. The Thirteenth participated in nearly all the engagements of Butler's army south of Richmond, and was con- spicuous in the engagement at Watha's Junction, on the 7th of May; Chester Station, on the 10th, and a charge on the rebel rifle pits near Foster's Farm, on the 30th, in all of which the loss was about 200. After this it was attached to the army of the Poto- mac and was actively engaged in the battle at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864, and around Chickahominy until the 13th. It was at Bermuda Hundred and took part in the operations before Petersburg and Richmond. In November, it was sent to New York, to preserve order at the elections, and on their return joined the expedition against Fort Fisher. In January, 1865, it sailed with the second expedition against Fort Fisher, and in that took an active part. It was also at Wilmington, and at Fort Ander- son. From April 14th to the 30th of July, it was on duty at Goldsboro, N. C. September 5th, it was inustered out, and on the 15th, arrived at Indianapolis with twenty-nine officers and 550 enlisted men. In the first organization of the regiment, Hunt- ington was not represented among the regimental officers. Sam- uel M. Zent, of Roanoke, who started out as a private in company F, was chosen Second Lieutenant of that company; was pro- moted First Lieutenant and Captain of Company K. In re-or- ganization as veterans he was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment, and in March, 1865, Brevet Colonel of volunteers, by the President. The only other name from this county that appears among the commissioned officers in the re organization, is that of Thomas C. Gurley, First Lieutenant of Company D. After the first company had left the county for the war there was not so much activity in volunteering for several weeks. There was a large element in the county that was opposed to the administration of President Lincoln. They were in favor of maintaining the Union unimpaired and were loyal to the flag, but the course pursued by the administration at Washington did not meet wi th their approval. They advocated a moderate course. 350 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. one of compromise between the two extremes. As illustrating^ the sentiment ot this faction in politics we give the following from the Huntington Democrat of April -Ibth., 1861: "We are of that class who opposed to the bitter end a war upon the South believ- ing with Gen. Jackson, that a 'double conflict' would irremedi- ably destroy the Union. We believe now, as we always have believed, that if the administration of Abraham Lincoln had pursued a proper course — had adopted the policy of conciliation and compromise — had advocated and urged the adoption of the Crittenden or Border state plan of settling the difficulties between the North and South, the present evil times would have been averted and the Union saved. But the time for saving the Union is gone, and a horrible internecine war is upon us. While we do not indorse the policy of the Lincoln administration yet we feel bound to support the government right or wrong. It is our duty as loyal citizens to defend and protect it no matter who is presi- dent. We owe allegiance to the government, not to the president, and the same government that protects and benefits us, we ought by all means to support in time of war when its existence is im- periled. As patriotic citizens, let us respond to the demands of our country. Let us not quibble now about this party or that party, but let us become a unit in defense of the government under which we have enjoyed innumerable blessings. Let us fight for the American flag with no star erased and no stripes removed." During the early summer meetings were held by all po- litical parties, at which the local leaders took conspicuous parts. At a Democratic convention, held at the court house June Isi, L. P. Milligan and J. R. Coffroth made speeches, and among the resolutions was the following: "Resolved, That we cannot be- lieve that it was ever the intention of the framers of the Consti- tution that it should ever be held together by force. That patriotism and fraternal love were the ligaments by which they hoped to hold it together, and when these fail, and when all ef- forts to compromise the difficulties are exhausted, the only policy to be pursued is a peaceable separation of the opposing elements and a treaty of amity between them as independent nations." At another convention of the same party held on the 10th of August, the following resolution was adopted: "Resolved, That we have no sympathy with the cause of Secession, and do not believe that in the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency, Abolition- ist and Sectionalist, as he was known to be, the Confederate States had any just cause to withdraw from the Union. But the fact is too apparent, that all patriotic, moral and sensible men must stand appalled at the unscrupulous perfidy his administra- tion has inaugurated. That perjury and usurpation characterize his public career. That neither written constitutions nor official oaths afford any guaranty against the licentiousness of his ad- ministration, and that in the wanton and palpable violations of the Constitution of the United States; in the suspension of the MILITARY HISTORY. 351 writ of habeas corpus; in depriving citizens of liberty and property without due course of law; in the levying of war by the Presi- dent; in raising an army; in providing and maintaining a navy; in giving a preference in commerce to the parts of one State over another; in the unreasonable search and seizure of persons and papers; in the desecration of houses and homes of citizens; in the subjugation of the press; in the prostiution of the telegraph; in the abridgement of the liberty if speech, and like wrongs and usurpations we have witnessed the overthrow of constitutional liberty in America." "Resolved, That we take pride in rendering a cordial support to our government in the exercise of its constitutional functions, without stopping to question their propriety save at the hustings or ballot box, yet our loyalty to our government shall never be prostituted to a sycophantic adulation of a tvrant or a quiet sub- mission to his usurpations." The same convention refused to adopt a series of resolutions that were presented by Hon. James R. Slack, who had hitherto been an unflinching Democrat. Those are too long for insertion here but they declare that the war was brought on by an aban- donment of the principles and teachings of the Democratic party; that the government had always pursued a course of kindness to all sections of the country and was entitled to the support of every patriot; that there was instituted by the "illegal, unconsti- tutional, outrageous and treasonable conduct of citizens of those rebellious states," and ought to be put down "at every hazzard and by every sacrifice," that in prosecuting the war it was not the intention to interfere with the domestic institutions of any State in the Union. The different resolutions were discussed by Mr. Slack on one side and Mr. Milligan on the other, but the resolutions proposed by Mr. Slack were finally laid on the table. Samuel McCaughey was president and William C. Kocher, sec- retary of that convention. On the 28th of September a union mass convention was held at the court house, presided over by William Hunter as presi- dent and J. R. Mills, secretary. This convention was called by the Republicans and invitations extended to men of all parties to join it, yet it was practically a thoroughly Republican gather- ing with but few if any Democrats in it. D. O. Daily was the principal speaker. Among the resolutions was the following: "Resolved, That we will sustain the Government in the present war to put down the rebellion and to sustain the supremacy of the constitution of our country; disclaiming all desire to interfere with the domestic institutions of any State, as we are equally opposed to all the enemies of our constitution, be they Rebels, Rebel sympathizers, or Garrisonian Abolitionists." This was perhaps the most important resolution of the con- vention as related to the absorbing question of the hour, and the stand taken on the slavery question differed but little from the position of the Democrats. Notwithstanding these public reso- 3o3 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. lutions there was really a wide difference in the sentiments of the two parties upon the proper policy to be pursued toward the seceding states. All over the county during the summer, meet- ings were held by the two parties. Warren and Roanoke were specially provided with public meetings and speeches. At one of these held at Warren, James R. Slack, and Sam F. Winter, the editor of the Huntington Democi^at, came to blows. No serious damage resulted although Winter received a slight wound in the side inflicted with a pen-knife in the hands of Slack. From this circumstance the Democrat thereafter called Slack the Penknife General. It is doubtful if there was a county in the State where per- sonal and party feeling ran stronger than in Huntington during the opening months of the war. Republicans refused to trade with Democrats and vice versa. There were freqiient, perhaps imprudent threats and intolerance on both sides. Under such circumstances it would not be surprising if the volunteering went on but slowly. This however, can scarcely be said to have been the case. At Warren, Mt. Etna, Roanoke and Huntington recruit- ing offices were opened, where those who desired to do so, could enlist in behalf of the flag. In the Thirty-fourth Indiana Regiment, Huntington County was well represented. Two companies were almost exclusively from this county besides a considerable number in other com- panies of the regiment. In Company C the following were the commissioned officers: Captains, David Y. Whiting, September 16. 1861; George W. Jackson, May 21, 1863, and Lewis P. Morrison, Octoter 1, 1863. First Lieutenants, Elmer B. Warner, September 16, 1861; George W. Jackson, April 21, 1862; Peter McKenzie, May 21; 1863; Lewis P. Morrison, February 3, 1863; Henry Lud- wick, October 1, 1863, and Samuel R. Irwin, July 1, 1 865. Second Lieutenants, George W. Jackson, September 16, 1861; Lewis P. Morrison, May 21, 1863; Jefferson Poling, February 3, 1863; John B. Harris, May 1, 1864; Samuel R. Irwin, May 1, 1865, and James Grimes, July 1, 1865. Of these, Lieut. Warner was pro- moted Captain of Company I, Capt. Whiting died May 3, 1863, Capt. Jackson was promoted Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment, and Lieut. Poling died July 33, 1863, of wounds. The original enrollment of the company was 98 and the recruits were 35, a total of 133. Of these, 98 were from Hunt- ington County. Twenty- two died in the service and four deserted. Company G was composed almost wholly of men fro n this county. The officers were: Captains, Robert G. Morrison, September 16, 1861; William W. Stephenson, September 30, 1863; Benjamin B. Campbell, September 30, 1863. Stephenson and Campbell were not from this county. First Lieutenants, Ed- ward D. Bobbitt, September 16, 1861; George S. Plasterer, Jan- uary 15, 1863; James E. Kelly, April 13, 1865; Second Lieuten- ants, John W. Thompson, September 16, 1863; Byron C, Jones, December 16, 1861; John W. Sewell, March 31, 1863; George S. MILITARY HISTORY. 353- Plasterer, November 21, 1862; Seymour C. Goshorn, January 15, 1863; James E. Kelly, May 1, 186-t. Capt. Morrison was pro- moted regulary to the positions of Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel of the regiment; Lieut. Bobbitt was promoted As- sistant Surgeon and Surgeon, and Lieut Jones died at New Madrid, Mo., March 19, 1862. The company was organized with a membership of ninety-nine and twenty recruits; of these 104 were from this county, thirteen having died and ten deserted. In addition to these company I contained thirty-one naen from this county, of which David H. Wall, of Warren, became Sec- ond Lieutenant; Company E, three men, Company F, three men. Company I, six men and Company K, one man, making a total of 246 men furnished by Huntington County, for the Thirty- Fourth Regiment. This regiment was organized at Anderson, in September, 1861 . During the fall and winter it remained in Ken- tucky, encamping at various points in that State. March 3d, 1862, it arrived at New Madrid, Mo., and was engaged in the siege at that place until the evacuation on the 14th. The follow- ing day it marched to St. Merriweather's Landing, fourteen miles below, where it planted a battery of two thirty-two pounders, which cut off the Rebel retreat from Island No. 10, and was the mans of capturing the whole garrison. It was stationed at Nw M adrid until the 14th, June, assisted in the capture of Fort Pillow. It then went via Memphis on boats up White River as far as Aberdeen, Ark. On the 9th of July it engaged the enemy and drove them back to Duvall's Bluff. From there it went to Helena, where, it remained during the fall and winter of 1862. April 10, 1863, 'it started on the Vicksburg campaign, in which it took a prominent part. At Port Gibson, May 1st, it captured two field pieces and forty-nine prisoners, losing, in killed and wounded, forty-nine. At Champion Hills, on the 14th, it cap- tured the Forth-Sixth Alabama Regiment, losing seventy-nine killed and wounded. From that time on it was engaged in the siege of Vicksburg until its fall, losing thirteen men in killed and wounded. In the siege of Jackson it lost eight men. After this it moved to New Orleans and remained until September, when it joined Bank's expedition to the Teche country. In De- cember, 1863, 460 of the regiment re-enlisted, and on March 20, 1864, started home on veteran furlough. Returning to the field it was placed on duty until December, 1864, at New Orleans. On the 13th of May, 1865, this regiment fought the last battle of the war at Palmetto Ranche, near the old battle field of Palo Alto. It was a fierce contest, in which the regiment lost eighty-two in killed, wounded and prisoners. The regiment contended against odds of two to one. Companies E and B were captured, the loss to the regiment being eighty- two in killed, wounded and pris- oners. After this the regiment fell back to Brazos Island, whence it moved to Brownsville. From there it moved on the 16th of June 260 miles up the Rio Grande, and were the first Union troops to occupy Ringgold. Barracks. Late in July it returned 354 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. to Brownsville, and continued at that place until it was mustered out of service February 3, 186f;. It was the last Indiana regi- ment retained in Texas. Arriving at Indianapolis on the 18th with eighteen ofEcerri and 346 men under Lieut. Col. Morrison, it was tendered a reception, on the following day, at the Soldiers' Home, when Gov. Baker made the welcoming address. The next regiment in which Huntington County men were conspicuous was the Forty-seventh Indiana Volunteers. The fact that Hon. James R. Slack had been commissioned as the Colonel gave renewed impulse to the volunteering in this county. He was a man so well and favorably known here at his home that men who had before been reluctant to engage in the war now came forward with eagerness. They saw here an opportu- nity for entering the service under the command of one they knew and trusted. His fidelity to the cause of the Union had contributed largely to allay the spirit of opposition that was at first manifested in this locality. Companies E and F were almost wholly from Huntington County, and in addition to these, there was a large representation in some of the other companies in the regiment. In Company E the commissioned officers were: Captains, Jacob Wintrode, Oc- tober 10, 1861; Benjamin W. Payton, March 1, 1865. First Lieu- tenants, John Swaidner, October 10, 1861; Sherman L. Bullard, July 27, 1863; Benjamin W. Payton, January 1, 1865; Sylvester W. Snodgrass, March 1, 1865. Second Lieutenants, Elijah Snow- den, October 10, 1861; Sherman L. Bullard, November 18, 1863; Jacob W. Hart, July 37, 1863; Benjamin W. Payton, March 1, 1864; Samuel W. Stirk, July 1, 1865. Jacob W. Hart was pro- moted First Lieutenant in Ninety-third Colored Regiment. This company started out with an enrollment of ninety-eight and was recruited with forty-six, a total of 144, of which 121 were from this county. Thirty -nine died in the service and four deserted. This company was composed of men residing in the vicinity of Roanoke and Andrews, at each of which places efforts had been made to raise a full company. The portions of each company were finally consolidated into this one. Company F was raised at Huntington, and was officered as fol- lows: Captains, Sextus H. Shearer, October 10, 1861; Jefferson F. Slusser, February 1, 1865; First Lieutenants, Silas S. Hall, Oc- tober 10, 1861; Aurilius S. Purviance, May 18, 1863; James A. Johnson, February 7, 1863; Daniel G. Beaver, March 1, 1864; Jef- ferson F. Slusser, January 9, 1865; John Whitestine, February 1, 1865; Second Lieutenants, Aurelius S. Purviance, October 10, 1861; James A. Johnston, May 18, 1862; Daniel G. Beaver, February 7, 1863; Jefferson F. Slusser, March 1, 1864; Jeremiah De Chant, Feb- ruary 18, 1865; Asa Whitestine, July 1, 1865. Capt. Shearer was promoted Major and Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment. Lieut. Johnston died February 14, 1864. The company started out with ninety-nine men, and afterwards received forty recruits. Thirty-four died and seven deserted. In the Adjutant General's MILITABY HISTORY. 357 report for the State this entire company, including recruits, was credited to Orange County. The reason for this is not now known, but by some it is supposed that this was brought about by those who had an eye to coming drafts. If Huntington County was not actually credited with these 139 men, as it should have been, it accounts for any rigor with which the drafts may have fallen upon the county. Besides the officers already given, the following in the Forty-seventh were from this county: Eli Ar- nold, First Lieutenant Company A; William Woodbeck and John Auspach, Second Lieutenants Company G; George H. Brinker- hoff. First Lieutenant Company H. The regimental officers from this county were James R. Slack, Colonel, promoted Brigadier General December 31, 1864; Sextus H. Shearer, Major and Lieu- tenant Colonel; James R. Mills, Assistant Surgeon, died at Hel- ena, Ark., February 8, 1863. In addition to all these. Company G contained eighteen privates from this county, and Company H, forty, making a tptal of 318 privates in the regiment out of 1,376, almost one-fourth of the whole. The following account of the regiment's movements in the field is taken from the report of the Adjutant General: " The Forty- seventh Regiment was organized at Anderson, on the 10th of Octo- ber, 1861, with James R. Slack as Colonel, the regiment being composedof companies raised in the Eleventh Congressional Dis- trict. On Ihe 13th of December it left Indianapolis for Kentucky, and reached Bardstown on the 21st, where it was assigned to Gen. Wood's brigade of Buell's army. From thence it moved to Camp Wickliffe, arriving there on the 31st of December, and remained there until February 14, 1863, when it marched to West Point at the mouth of Salt River, and there took transports for Commerce, Missouri. Arriving there on the 24th of February, it was assigned to Gen. Pope's army and marched at once to New Madrid, and there engaged the enemy, being the first regiment to enter Fort Thompson. Moving to Riddle's Point it participated in the engagement at that place between the shore batteries and Rebel gun-boats. Thence it moved to Tiptonville, Tenn., where it remained for nearly two months. After the capture of Fort Pillow the regiment was transported to Memphis, reaching that place on the 30th of June, and remaining there during the follow- ing month. Col. Slack being in command of the post. On the 11th of August it had a skirmish with the enemy at Brown's plantation, Mississippi, losing a few men in killed and wounded. Moving to Helena, Arkansas, the regiment remained there until March, 1863, when it took part in Gen. Quimby's expedition to Yazoo Pass. Returning from this it joined Grant's army and moved with it to the rear of Vicksburg, engaging in the battles and skirmishes of that campaign. In the battle of Champion Hills, May 16, it lost 143 in killed and wounded. Going into the trenches near the enemy's works at Vicksburg, it rernained in them until the surrender July 4th, being almost constantly engaged in the siege. After this it marched to Jackson with Sheridan, and took 4 358 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. part in the engagement at that place. Returning to Vicksburg, it took transports in August for New Orleans, w hence it moved to Berwick Bay. While in this portion of Louisiana, the Forty- seventh participated in Bank's expedition through the Teche country, engaging the enemy at Grand Coteau. It then moved to New Iberia, and while there, in December, 1863, the regiment re-enlisted, and on the 9th of February, 1864, started for home on veteran furlough, reaching Indianapolis on the 18th with 416 veterans. On the 19th it was present at a public reception given to the veterans of the Twenty-rirst and Forty-seventh regiments at Metropolitan Hall in that city, on which occasion addresses were made by Gov. Morton, Col. Slack and others. " Upon its return to the field the regiment moved with Bank's army up Red River in the spring of 1864, engaging in the battles, marches and retreats of that unfortunate campaign. On the 28th of July it engaged the enemy at Atchafalaya Bayou, Louisiana, losing several wounded. The regiment was then sta- tioned at Morganza, at which post it remained on duty for some time. On the 31st of December, 1864, Col. Slack was commis- sioned a Brigadier General, whereupon John A. McLaughlin was promoted Colonel of the regiment. In February, 1865, it was transported to Dauphin Island, Alabama, near Mobile, and in Canby's campaign against that city the Forty-seventh took an active part. After the fall of Mobile it moved to Sherveport, Louisiana, with Gen. Herron, to receive the surrender of Gen. Price and the army of the Trans-Mississippi Department. At this place the regiment remained until the 23d of October, 1865, when it was mustered out of service. Reaching Indianapolis with 530 men and thirty-two officers it was present on the 1st of November at a reception given to the regiment in the Capitol grounds, and was addressed by Gov. Morton, Gen. Slack, Cols. M. S. Robinson and John A. McLaughlin. The next day the reg- iment was finally discharged." Out of the 206 that were enrolled in the regiment at the date of its organization from this county, about one-half re-enlisted as veterans. Adding these to the 206 original enlisted men and 113 recruits, gives a total credit in this regiment to Huntington County of more than 400. Taken in the order of their number the Seventy-fifth was the next regiment in which Huntington County men were conspic- uous. In that regiment companies E and H were almost wholly composed of men from this county. Company E was officered as follows: Captains, David H. Wall, August 1, 1862; David L. Elliott, February 2, 1863; First Lieutenants, George W. Goode, August 1, 1862; Robert B. Beatty, February 2, 1863; John W. Zehrung;, March 18, 1865; Second "Lieutenants, Jacob S. Goshorn, August 1, 1862; David L. Elliott, November 14, 1864; Jacob W. Crum, February 2, 1863; John W. Zehrung, March 17, 1863; Will- iam Keller, March 18, 1865. Lieut. Crum died March 16, 1863. The men for this company were from Huntington and Warren, MILITARY HISTORY. 369 at least seventy-two being from this county. The first enroll- ment comprised ninety-nine names, and eight were afterwards added as recruits. Twenty-two of these died while in the service. Company H had the lollowing oflBcers: Captains, William O. Jones, August 6, 1862; William McG-innis, December 31, 1863;. Wilham M. Wilkerson, November 1, 1884; First Lieutenants,. William McGinnis, August 6, 18B2; John B. Collins, December 31, 1863; WiUiam M. Wilkerson, January 18, 1863; William Riley, November 1, 18G4; Second Lieutenants, John B. Collins, August 6,1862; William Wilkerson, December 31, 1863; William Riley, January 18. 1863; Sylvester Strock, May 1, 1865. All of these were from Roanoke, as were also the greater part of the whole company. At the outset there were ninety-nine men, and the total recruits were six. Of these eighty one were credited to Huntington County. Twenty-three died in the service and one deserted. Captain McGinnis died a prisoner of war at Savannah, Ga., August 31, 1864. In the roster of regimental .officers there are but two names from this county. Abner H. Shaffer was commissioned Assistant Surgeon, May 27, 1863, and upon his promotion to the office of Surgeon Francis M. Tumbleson, of Eoanoke, was made Assistant Surgeon. Upon the organization of the regiment John U. Pettit was made Colonel out of some eight or ten candidates for that posi- tion, among which was Jacob S. Goshorn, of Huntington. The camp of rendezvous was at Wabash, where the regiment was mustered in, August 19, 1863. It, at once moved to Kentucky, in which state it remained until January, 1863, taking part in the campaigns against Bragg and Morgan. From January to June it was stationed at Murfreesboro, doing scouting and other arduous duty, and serving in what was known as the Indiana Brigade, composed of the Seventy-fifth, Eighty-seventh and One Hundred and First Indiana Regiments. It was at the battle of Hoover's Gap, and at Tullahoma was first to enter to enter the rebel works. Under Rosecrans it took part in the battle at Chat- tanooga, September 19 and 30; was in the engagement at Chica- mauga, losing seventeen killed and 107 wounded; at Mission Ridge, losing five killed and seventeen wounded. After spending the winter in the vicinity of Chattanooga the regiment, in the spring of J 864, started in the Atlanta campaign in which it marched and fought with the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps. It took part in the battles at Dalton, Resacca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mount, Peach tree Creek and Jones- boro. After pursuing Hood as far as Gaylesville it returned to Atlanta and started with Sherman's Army to the sea. It started from Savannah, in January, 1865, northward through the Caro- linas and participated in the battles at Bentonville, Fayetteville and skirmishes. After the surrender of Johnson's Array it marched to Richmond and Washington, where it was discharged June 8, 1865. On the 14th it was given a public reception with other regiments at the Capitol Grounds, in Indianapolis. Th& 36,0 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. total number f urnislied to this regiment from Huntington County was 153 men, in addition to officers. In the Fifth Cavalry (90th) Regiment there were fifteen men from Huntington County; ten in Company A and five in D. Till- man H. Fisher, of Mt. Etna., became First Lieutenant of Com- pany A, the only officer from this county in the regiment. The One Hundred and First Regiment contained twenty- nine men from this county, as follows: Company A, seven; F, six; G, thirteen; I, one, and K, two. The only officer credited to this county was La Fayette Messier, of Markle, First Lieutenant in Company G. The One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment was raised in the summer of 1863, for the term of six months. The Major of the regiment was Henry B. Sayler, a man well known in Huntington County. Company G was very largely composed of men from this county, and was officered as follows: Captains, Henry B. Sayler, July 20, 1863; Joel Satterthwaite, September 4, 1863; First Lieutenants, Joel Satterthwaite, July 20, 1863; Allen C. Simonton, September 4, 1863; Second Lieutenants, Allen C. Simonton, July 20, 1863; Samuel McNeely, September 4, 1863. Out of the ninety- nine men at the organization of the company, fifty-six were from Huntington County. Eleven died and two deserted. This regi- ment was engaged almost exclusively in Tennessee. The princi- pal engagement in which it took part was at Walker's Ford, on the Clinch River, where it lost one, killed, and fourteen wounded. " After this battle the regiment moved to Tazewell and other portions of the mountainous regions of East Tennessee, doing most arduous duty, and suffering many privations." It was dis- charged at Indianapolis, about the middle of February, 1864. This regiment was raised under the President's fourth call for troops, June 15, 1863, asking for 100,000 men for six month's ser- vice. By the fifth call dated October 17, 1863, President Lincoln asked for 300,000 men to serve three years or during the war. Under this call the efforts to raise troops by volunteering were renewed all over the north. But in many localities these efforts were not sufficient, and the draft was resorted to. The first draft in Indiana occurred October 6, 1862, under the call for 300,000 men and under that call the quota for Huntington County was 148, distributed among the townships as follows: Clear Creek, six- teen; Warren, seventeen; Huntington, fifty-two; Rock Creek, sixteen; Lancaster, fifteen; Wayne, twelve; Jefferson, twenty. The other townships had furnished their full quota. H.B. Sayler was appointed Draft Commissioner for the county, James M. Bratton, Marshal and William B. Lyons, Surgeon. The quota for Huntington County under the fifth call October 17, 1863, was 185, but these were all raised without resorting to the draft. These men nearly all went into the One Hundred and Thirtieth and One Hundred and Thirty First regiments; the last organized as a cavalry regiment. MILITARY HISTORY. 361 In the One Hundred aild Thirtieth Eegiment, Company D was entirely composed of Huntington County men, numbering ninety-three. Its officers were: Captains, Joseph W. Purviance, December 33, 1863, Aurelius S. Purviance, March 3, 1864; First Lieutenants, Aurelius S. Purviance, December 33, 1863; Martin V. Record, March 3, 1864, Francis H. B. Clan ton, January 38, 1865; Second Lieutenants, Martin V. Eecord, December 33, 1863, F. H. B. Glanton, March 3, 1864, Jethro M. Boyd, January 38, 1865. Oapt. Joseph W. Purviance was promoted Major March 1, 1864. Jacob W. Kenower, of Huntington, was appointed Quar- ter-master. In Company H, James S. Purviance was Second Lieutenant, which position he held at the date of discharge, although he had been commissioned Captain. The regiment contained a total of 128 men from this county, as follows: Company B, one; D, ninety-three; F, twelve; G, one; H, fourteen, and I, seven. After being mustered into service at Kokomo, March 13, 1864, the regiment was transferred to Tennessee. It was engaged at Rocky Face Ridge, Rosacea, Lost Mountain, Pine Mountain, Ken- esaw Mountain and Decatur. It was engaged in the campaign against Atlanta, taking a prominent part. It was at the battle of Jonesboro, pursued Hood as far as Gaylesville and afterward moved to Nashville, where, under Gen. Thomas in the two days' fight Hood's army was destroyed. Soon after this it was trans- ferred to North Carolina, by way of Cincinnati, Washington and Ft. Fisher. It was at Wise's Forks, Kingston, Goldsboroand Smithfield. While at the last named place it received the news of Gen. Lee's surrender. The surrender of Johnston's army soon after put an end to the war. During the summer and fall of 1865 the regiment was on guard duty at Charlotte, N. C. It was dis- charged in December, 1865, and on its arrival at Indianapolis was given a public reception at the State House. In the Thirteenth Cavalry (131st) Regiment there was one company from Huntington County. Its position was A, and the commissioned officers were: Captains, Isaac DeLong, December 30, 1863; David H. Wall, August 10, 1864; Silas A. Pulse, November 10, 1865; First Lieutenants, David A. Wall, December 30, 1863; Josiah H. Sabine, August 10, 1864; Silas A. Pulse, October 1, 1865; John J. Pribble, November 10, 1865; Second Lieutenants, J. H. Sabine, December 20, 1863; S. A. Pulse, August 10, 1864; J. J. Pribble, October 1, 1865; William O. Allen, November 10, 1865. Capt. DeLong was promoted Majpr of the regiment as was also Capt. Wall. The company started out with ninety-six men of which ninety-four were from this county. Of the nineteen recruits four were also from this county. This was the last cavalry regiment raised in Indiana. It was mustered into service April 39, 1864, and the next day it left Indianapolis for Nashville. Early in June it was stationed at Huntsville, Alabama, where it remained until October having several light engagements with the enemy. Until this time it 363 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. had been doing infantry service, but was then mounted and fully- equipped as cavalry. Early in December companies A, C, J), F, H and I under Gen. Rousseau took part in the battles at Overall's Creek, Wilkinson's Pike and twelve skirmishes with a loss of sixty-five men killed and wounded out of 326 engaged. February 11, 1865, it embarked on transports for New Orleans and from there early in March to Mobile Bay where, under Gen. Canby, it assisted in the operations against the forts and defenses of Mobile. After the fall of that place it started on a raid of 800 miles through Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi, under Gen. Grierson. It arrived at Columbus, Mississippi, May 22. •From there it proceeded to Macon, garrisoning that point and sixty miles of railroad and taking possession of immense army supplies. In June it returned to Columbus where it remained until mustered out of service, November 18, 1865. At Indian- apolis the regiment received a public reception at the Soldiers' Home where speeches were made by Gov. Baker, Gen. T. W. Bennett, Gen, G. M. L. Johnson, the first colonel of the regiment, and Maj. Walls. Early in 1864, the Governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin, offered to raise a volunteer force to serve 100 days. These troops were to do duty in the service of the United States, but were not to receive army bounty. They were to aid in making the campaign of 1864 more successful and decisive by relieving the veterans from guard and garrison duty, thus enabhng them to join in the active campaigns. Eight of these 100 day>s' regiments were raised in Indiana. Huntington County furnished sixty-four men for this service, seventeen in Company E, One Hundred and Thirty seventh Regiment, and forty-seven in Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth. In the latter company the officers were all from this county, and were: Benjamin F. Ward, Captain, Rhoades Armstrong and Robt. J. Miller, Lieutenants. They were all mustered in late in May, 1864, and served in Tenn- essee most of the time guarding railroads and lines of communi- cations used by Gen. Sherman for transporting supplies to his army then advancing on the Atlanta campaign. Under the President's call for 300,000 men, December 19, 1864, the quota for Huntington County was 222. Of this number all but about fifty entered the service in the One Hundred and Fifty- third Regiment of Indiana Infantry. Company B contained seventy-five, and C, ninety-six of the men from this county. For Company B, the officers were: James H. S. Ford, Captain, Francis M. Clawson and John P. Becker, Lieutenants. For Company C, they were: Joseph Barrett, Captain, John H. Lucas and John W. Messersmith, Lieutenants. The regiments were mustered into service about the middle of February, 1865, and during its entire term of service was engaged in garrison duty in Kentucky, a large portion of the time at Taylor Barracks, Louisville. It was mustered out of the service September 4, 1865, and on its arrival MILITARY HISTORY. 363 at Indianapolis was tendered the usual reception given to return- ing regiments. This was the last regiment in which Huntington County men were conspicuous. Of course there were a large number of men that enlisted in other organizations than these already mentioned. To give all these would be a task beyond the scope of this work and one that would be of little value. In the Fourteenth Battery, Light Artillery which was mus- tered into the service March 11, 1862. Huntington County was rep- resented by twenty-two men. Lewis C. Williams, a Second Lieutenant was the only commissioned officer from this county. The Indiana Legion was an extensive organization through- out the State for the purposes of home defense in case of need. It served another purpose, however, that proved more useful than as Home Guards. It was the medium through which many good soldiers were brought into the service, that perhaps, would not otherwise so readily have entered the active service of the United States. The drilling, too, was useful in preparing men to a considerable extent for the evolutions that were required in actual war. In other words it was a training school where men learned the rudiments of knowledge in war that so soon enabled them to perform in the face of the enemy like trained veterans. Huntington County had six of these companies in the Legion and the roster of the officers reveals the names of many who led companies into the field of battle. The first draft in Indiana, occurred October 6, 1863, under the President's call of August 4, for 300,000 soldiers. The enrollment was made September 19, and at that time Huntington County was credited with a total militia force of a,544. To be deducted, this were 604 exempts, and forty-seven consciously opposed to bearing arms, leaving 1,993 subject to the draft. At that time the county was credited with 798 volunteers of which 751 were in the service. The quota apportioned to the county under this call was 148 distributed as elsewhere stated. Under the call for 300,000 men, October 11, 1863, the quota to Huntington County, was 185. The calls of February 1, March 14, and July 18, 1864 aggre- gating 1,200,000 men, required Huntington County to furnish 967 men. To offset this the county was credited with 730 new re- cruits, 148 veterans, and ninety-one by draft, a total of 969, or two more than was required. The quota under call of De- cember 19, 1864, was 222, and on April 14, 1865, the date at which all efforts to raise troops were abandoned, the county had a credit against this of 226 new recruits, 160 veterans and six by draft, a total of 392, or a surplus of 170. These figures show that Hunt- ington county furnished 2,590 men for the war, but if the men that were raised for the six months and 100 days' service should be added, it gives a grand total of 2,710. But of course it must not be supposed that the countv furnished that many separate men for the war, as it did not. Many of them, on the expiration of the term of service for which they originally enlisted, would enter again, and in this way they were counted twice and some 364 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of them three times. It is probable that not more than 1,800 or 1,900 persons were in the service from Huntington County, but even this is a good showing since the first enrollment of the militia showed only 3,551 within the proper age for bearing arms. The following roll of honor includes all those who lost their lives while in the service — that is before receiving a final dis- charge. This is compiled from the Adjutant General's report, and doubtless contains many errors and omissions. It is the best that can well be prepared at this date and is given for what it is worth. Of course it does not include any who hq,ve died since the war, nor those who were commissioned officers. ROLL OF HONOR FOR HUNTINGTON COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Twelfth Regiment, Company D {Three Years). Brice, Anthony, died at Jeflfersonville, November 24, 1864. Fosselman, Jacob, died at Memphis, January 29, 1863. Stewart, Thomas, captured July 22, 1864; reported died in prison July 29, 1865. Thirteenth Regiment, Company G {Reorganized). Weible, Charles, died in Anderson villa Prison, September 16, 1864. Thirty-Fourth Regiment, Company C {Three Years). France, George, died at Huntington, July 12, 1863. Hulliberger, Robert, died at Louisville, Ky., March 21, 1863. Alexander, James, veteran, died March 6, 1865. Alexander, John, died at New Haven, Ky., March 25, 1862. Branthouse, Joseph H., died at Helena, Ark., December 22, 1862. Brown, Robert A., died at Louisville, February 15, 1862. Champlet, John H., died at New Haven, Ky., February 2, 1862, Gonwell, Albert E., died at New Haven, Ky., March 9, 1862. Crible. George W., died of wounds received at Vicksburg, June 15, 1863. Divilbiss, John, died at St. Louis, April 10, 1862. Hamilton, Isaac H., died at Anderson, Ind., October 21, 1861. Johnston, Christopher, died of wounds received at Jackson, Miss. Kline, James, died October 6, 1863, of wounds received at Champion Hills. Moore, David A., died May 2, 1863, of wounds received at Cham- pion Hills. Pritchetfc, Ambrose, died at Huntington, April 12, 1862. Sale, "William H., died at St. Louis, August 2, 1863, of wounds received at Vicksburg. Smith, William, died at Fort Thompson, Mo., May 29, 1862. Stout, Aaron, died at Louisville, February 22, 1863. MILITARY HISTORY. 365 Thirty-Fourth Regiment, Company D. Irwin, Joseph M., died at Warren, Ind., March 22, 1862. Elkins, Daniel K.., died at Helena, Ark., September 22, 1862. Davis, George W., died at Benton, Mo., March 10, 1862. Morrison, Milton, died at Cairo, 111., October 28, 1863. Morrison, Calvin, died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky., February 2, 1862. Eea, Laughlin, died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky., January 24, 1862. Stoner, Noah, died at New Orleans, September 19, 1864. Thirty-Fourth Regiment, Company E. Gibson, Wilson, died at Millikin's Bend, La., April 30, 1863. Thirty-Fourth Regiment, Company F. Chapman, Moses, died at Anderson, September 21, 1863. Little, David S., died at New Madrid, May 29, 1862. Thirty-Fourth Regiment, Company G. Faushier, William H., died at Memphis, June 22, 1863. Morrow, Eichard L., died at New Orleans, August 18, 1864. Bush, William H., died at CarroUton, La., September 10, ]863. Brelsford, Samuel, killed in battle at Port Gibson, May 1, 1863. Manning, William F., died Jauary 11, 1862. Morgan, Enoch, died at home. May 25, 1862. Nordoke, Milton, died at home, March 29, 1862. Powers, John C, died at home. May 17, 1863. Series, Jasper N.. died at home, December 20, 1861. Swazie, Cranmer B., died January 25, 1863, wounds. Burnett, David., died September 29, 1864. Corkins, William H., killed at Baker's Creek, Miss., May 16,. 1863. Thirty-Fourth Regiment, Company I. Switzer, Jacob H., died July 13, 1873. Sale, George W., died at St. Louis, April 15, 1863. Forty-Fourth Regiment, Company D. Baumgardner, Jacob., died at Andersonville Prison, June 22, 1864. Forty-Seventh Regiment, Company E. Williams, John W., killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Andey, William S., killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Baker, Abraham, killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Bambeck, John, died at Mound City, 111., October 30, 1862. Brown, Joseph M., died in Stark County, Ohio. Dilly, Eli, killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Dinnis, Eli, killed at Jackson, Mississippi, July 13, 186S. Ellis, Theodore, died August 2, 1863, of wounds received at Jackson. 366 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Failor, Charles C, died at Evansville, July 24, 1863. Hackett, William, killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Nivison, George, died June 28, 1863, wounds received at Champion Bills. Shulse, John, died at Millikin's Bend, La. Slyter, Thomas, died May 25, 1863, wounds received at Cham- pion Hills. Wade, Thomas, died at Memphis, March 10, 1865. Yeaugher, Joab, killed at Champion Hills, May, 16, 1863. Ager, WiUiam M., died at St. Louis, October 10, 1864. Bremer, John B., died at Morgaaza Bend, La., June 9, 1864. Click, Henry, died at New Orleans, April 22, 1864. Dephew, Isaac L., died at New Orleans, July 35, 1864. Harris, David D., died at Mound City, III, September. 27 1864. Henderson, Alvy W., died at Helena, Ark., January. 23 1863. Lockwood, Henry, died at Kokomo, October 4, 1864. Mortz, Daniel, died Indianapolis, July 24, 1864. Moon, John M., died at New Orleans, June 18, 1864. Steel, Charles W., died at New Orleans, April 13, 1864. Taylor, Lorenzo D., died at New Orleans August 22, 1863. Truax, William T., died at St. Louis, July 17 1864. Wise, John D., died at Monganza Bend, La., August 3, 1864. Forty- Seventh Begiment, Company F. Anglemyer, J., died at Louisville, March 11, 1863. Andrew, Jefferson, died at St. Louis, October 3, 1862. Allerton. John, died at Evansville, April 5, 186 i. Brown, Cyrus, killed at Tallahatcthie Elver, March 29, 1863. Bateman, Newton I., killed Tallahatcthie River, March 29, 1863. Caverly, Phillip D., died at Helena, Ark., September 13, 1863. Carl, John S., died at Louisville, February 21, 1862. Clark, William, died at St. Louis, March 2, 186^. Davies, Joseph, killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Dunman, Joel, died at Helena, Ark., February 13, 1863. Dillon, George W., died March 28, 1865, of wounds. Farmer, Martin, died September 12, 1862. Fullhart, Nicholas, died September 4, 1862. FuUhart, Samuel, died at Baton Rouge, October 16, 1885. Galster, Mathias, died at Evansville, July 1, 1862. Guminaker, J oseph, died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July 15, 1865. Garwood, Marquis L., died at St. Louis, December 14, 1862. Guffin, Walter L., died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky., January 15, 1862. Heckel, David, died September 2, 1862. Hummel, John, died at Keokuk, Iowa, October 29, 1862. Hey, Jerome, died September 16, 1862. Hunt, Samuel, died at New Orleans, January 4, 1864. Minehart, Andrew, died at St. Louis, November 19, 1862. Michael, Jacob, killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. MILITARY HISTORY. 367 Piyne, Lewis, died at New Madrid, 1863. Roaster, William, killed at Tallahatchie River, March 29, 1863- Reaser, William, killed at Spanish Fort, March 27, 1865. Schnider, Christian, died at Camp Wickliffe, February 4, 1863. Smith, Daniel, died at St. Louis, March 31, 1862. Storm, Francis A., died at Helena, Ark., April 30, 1863. Slack, Theodore, died at Camp Wickliff, Ky., February 4, 1862. Trovinger, Hiram, killed at Tallahatchie River, March 39, 1863. Wohlford, Benj., F., died at Helena, Ark., October 4, 1862. Wood, Ozias, died at Helena, Ark., September 30, 1862. Forty-Seventh Regiment, Company G. Crum, Abraham, killed at Champion Hill?, May 16, 1863. Douglass, George, killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Stewart, William E., died at Helena, Ark., August 16, 1863. Denton, Daniel S., killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. Rinerson, Hezekiah, died at home. Swaine, John W., died at Shreveport, La., August 7, 1865. Forty -Seventh Regiment, Company H. Cozan, Benjamin, died at Tiptonville, Tenn., May 9, 1863. Hoag, Mils, died at Helena, Ark., September 38, 1862. Klingle, Andrew H., died at home, December 11, 1861. Klingle, George, died at home, December 11, 1861. Shoemaker, Jesse, died at Ft. Gaines, Ala., March 26, 1865. Sloan, Milton, died May 8, 1864, of wounds received at Alex- andria. Sehr, Wm. H., died at Shreveport, La., July 2, 1865. Sale, Andrew J., died of wounds received at Champion Hills, June 21, 1863, Fifty-First Regiment, Company D. Hardin, John, died at Mt. Etna, April 10, 1865. Hamrich, Samuel W., killed at Columbia, Tenn., December 32, 1864. Seventy-Fifth Regiment, Company E. Albertson, Wm. H., died at New Albany, Ind., February 17, 1865. Beard, Andrew, died at Scottsville, Ky., December 17, 1863. Bennett, Columbus A., killed at Chickamauga, September 1 9, 1863. Crum, Jacob W., died at Murfreesboro, March 16, 1863. Luckey, Wm. C, died at New Albany, Ind., December 11, 1862. Miller, Matthew H., died September 21, 1863. Mason, Noah C, died at Gallatin, Tenn., February 11, 1863. Nevins, George, died at Chattanooga of wounds, October 29, 1863. Poorman, David, died at Bowling Green, Ky., November 4, 1863. 368 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. ShuU, Wm. Y., died at Bowling Green, Kj., November 12, 1863. Shull, John S., died at Bowling Green, Ky., November 13, 1863. South, Nathaniel F., died at Nashville, March 31, 1864. Shidler, Joseph, died at Nashville, March 1, 1863. Saylor, Levi S., killed at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863. Slusser, Leander C, died at Willett Point, N. Y., April 8,1865. Whitright. David S., died at Vicksburg, August 17, 1863. Williams, Wm. N., died at Munfordsville, Ky., March 3, 1862. Whitestine, Geo. M., died near Dechard, Tenn., December 19, 1862. Seventy-Fifth Regiment, Company H. Mulvine, Peter, killed at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863. Arick, John, died at Chattanooga, of wounds, November 27, 1863. Andrews, Wesley, died at Frankfort, Ky., October 16, 1862. Bowman, Henry C., died at Isashville, December 15, 1863. FuUum, Thomas J., died at Stevenson, Ala., October 19, 1863. Knee, Valentine, died at Stevenson, Ala., October 19, 1863, wounds. Lowman, John H., died at Gallatin, Tenn., January 13, 1863. Smith, Samuel, died at Murfeesboro, June 2, 1863. Trainer, Thomas, died at JNashville, July 31, 1864. Vernon, Edward, died at Gallatin, January 28, 1863. Wilkinson, Isaiah, died at Scottsville, Ky., December 13, 1862. Weaver, Samuel L., died at Indianapolis, July 18, 1863. Zintsmaster, died at home, March, 1863. Eighty-Third Begiment, Company H. Larry James, died at home, December 8, 1863. One Hundred and First Begiment, Company B. Thompson, James, died at Murfeesboro, June 15, 1863. Taylor, Harrison, died at Jeflfersonville, Ind., August 15, 1864. One Hundred and First Begiment, Company F. Campbell, James 0., died at Murfeesbo'ro, March 25, 1863. Ruggles, Joseph J., died at Murfeesboro, February 31, 1863. One Hundred and First Begiment, Company G. Zink, Samuel, died at home, February 18, 1864. One Hundred and First Begiment, Company I. Ball, James A., died at TuUahoma, Tenn., July 3, 1863. No proper report of the casualties of Company G, One Hun- dred and Eighteenth Regiment, has been made and the roll for that company cannot be given. One Hundred and Thirtieth Begiment, Company B. Crouse, Levi, died in field hospital, Georgia, May 35, 1864. MILITARY HISTORY. 369 One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, Company D. Brown, Albert, killed at Piney Creek, Tenn., JSTovember 27, 1864. Buchanan, John P., died at Kingston, Ga., June 4, 1864. Buchanan, James L., supposed killed November 27, 1864. Groves, Geo. W., died at Marietta, Ga., July 28, 1864. Hockings, Henry, died at Nashville, June 27, 1864. Hoover, Isaac, died at Jeffersonville, Ind., February 32, 1865. Kinssey, Joseph, died at Knoxville, Tenn., September 1, 1864. Little, Samuel, died at Jeffersonville, Ind., January 27, 1865. . MoAnee, Benson P., died at Knoxville, July 19, 1864. Potts, Jacob, died at Chattanooga, August 31, 1864. Eose, Walter, B., died at Knoxville, June 29, 1864. Suit, Solomon, killed at Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Shieks, Israel, died at Jeffersonville, Ind., June 24, 1864. Welch, JoJin, supposed killed by guerrillas, November 27, 1864. Winebramo, William, died at Indianapolis, October 24, 1864. Weston, Daniel, died at Knoxville, June 27, 1864. One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, Company F. Barton, George, died at Andersonville Prison, June 20, 1864. Beaver, Jerome C, died at Lovejoy Station, Ga., September 3, 1864. One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, 'Company H. Kendall, James, died at Nashville, May 9, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-First Regiment {Thirteenth Cavalry), Company A. Bartin, Moses, died at home, April 7, 1864. Bartin James, died at Huntsville, Ala., August 8, 1864, Brooks, Jackson, died at Louisville, November 16, ]864. Fullhart, Joseph, died at Huntsville, Ala.', August 8, 1864. Houser, Isaiah S., died at Mobile, Ala., June 25, 1865. Hight, Alexander M., died at Columbus, Miss., October 30, 1865. Hardmon, George W., died at Indianapolis, March, 20, 1864. Layman, James M., killed near Murfreesboro, December 4, 1864. Morrison, Andrew D., died at Vicksburg, June 16, 1865. Mitchell, James, died at St. Louis, July 33, 1865. Miars, John, died at Huntsville, Ala., July 7, 1864. McAlpin, Eobert, killed in railroad accident, January 30, 1864. Payne, James, died at Louisville, January 13, 1864. Wykoff, John R., drowned in Cumberland River, February 15, 1865. One Hundred and Thirty-Eighth Regiment^ Company I. McCord, David, died at Louisville, September 31, 1864. One Hundred and Fifty-Second Regiment, Company I. Cook, John M., died at Charleston, Va., March 31, 1864. 370 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. One Hundred and Fifty- Third Regiment, Company B. Burk, George W.,died at Louisville, Ky., June 26, 1865. Crites, Jacob I., died Louisville, Ky., July 11, 1865. Criplirn, James F., died at Louisville, July 1, 1865. Line, Nathan S., died at Louisville, June 34, 1865. Noe, Stamen, died in Kentucky, April 29, 1865. One Hundred nnd Fifty-Third Regiment, Company C. Foreacer, David, died at Louisville, Ky., August 15, 1865. Fourteenth Battery, Light Artillery. McAlister, Francis M., died at Bethel, Tenn., August 20, 1863. Smith, David S., veteran, died June i6, 1865, of wounds. In order to stimulate volunteering, the United States Govern- ment authorized the payment of bounties early in the war to those who should enlist for the term of three years. In the first year of the war this amount was fixed at $100. Orders from the war department at various times authorized the payment of ad- ditional sums ranging as high as $400, according to the nature and terms of service. The inequalities of bounties created great dissatisfaction, but it was claimed by the authorities that the ex- igencies of the times demanded it and could not be avoided. An additional inducement was offered in the way of a land-warrant for forty acres of public land to each soldier receiving an honor- able discharge. This, taken with the amount of the bounty, which was considered about the value of a mule, brought about that famous and popular phrase, "forty acres and a mule," and doubtless had much to do with the successful volunteering which characterized the war. Besides the national bounties, large and often extravagant sums were paid by many of the counties. These had the effect to lighten the drafts, but at the same time increased the taxes. The latter, however, cut but little figure in the question. People would not put a price on the Union, and no matter what was required to preserve it, that requirement was always met. In Huntington County this spirit was fully maintained and the Board of Commissioners at different times met the popular de- mand by offering bounties. These ranged all the way up to $500, and were offered under the various calls of the President for troops. Another important item came under the head of Relief. This included whatever sums were paid to support the families of those who had enlisted and were absent in the field of battle, and also the supplies forwarded to the soldiers themselves. A few months' experience showed how much the Government lacked of being prepared for supplying an army with the neces- sary comforts required by a soldier. Immediately after the opening of the war there was a Soldier's Aid Society formed in Huntington by the leading ladies of the town. The work which MILITARY HISTORY. 371 those noble-bearted women did went far toward relieving the wants of the soldiers. Scarcely a week passed without a shipment to the front of mittens, socks, blankets and such other articles as a soldier would likely need to withstand the extremities of the seasons. These contributions were purely personal and the women of the whole county were requested to bring in whatever could be properly spared. In this way many dollars were spent in the soldier's behalf which are not included in the following table of Bounty and Relief paid by the county and townships: Bounty. Relief. Huntington County Jackson Township Clear Creek Township Wan'en Township Dalhs Township Huntington Township Union Township Rock Creek Township Lancaster Township Polk Township Wayne Township Jefferson Township Salamonie Township Total Total of Bounty and Relief. $140,450.00 1,250.00 1,320.00 1,050.00 950.00 2,600.00 840.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 400.00 500.00 800.00 450.00 $153,610.00 $26,611.24 600.00 500.00 300.00 600.00 5,000.00 300.00 500.00 500.00 300.00 300.00 500.00 600.00 $36,611.24 $190,221.24 CHAPTER V. Bench and Bar — Early Courts — Early Judges — Riding the Circuit — Early Trials — A Negligent Clerk — First Murder Trial — Courts Under the New Constitution — Later Judges — Important Trials — The Bar — Roll op Attorneys — Probate and Common Pleas Courts — Resi- dent Attorneys, etc TO protect and enforce that which is right, and to repress and prohibit that which is wrong, has been the province of courts of justice, since the necessities of organized society brought them into existence. The undertaking has been no easy task, and the work has not yet been completed to that perfection, contemplated by the spirit of the law in which every man shall do right, and conse- quently there will be no wrongs to repress or prohibit. 372 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. But the measure of success that has so far rewarded the well meant efforts of the courts, constitutes no inconsiderable part of the history of the civilized governments of the present day. Therefore a short synopsis of the " Bench and Bar " of Hun- tington County, is propei ly included in a history of the county. The first court, so say the records thereof, now in the County Clerk's office, met on the 2d day of March, 1835, " at the house of Jonathan Keller, in the town of Huntington, being a place as near the centre of said county as can be conveniently had for said purpose." Hon. Gustavus A. Everts of LaPorte County, Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Indiana, was the Presiding Judge, and Murdock McLane, and Jonathon Keller, Esquires, were the asso- ciate Judges. The law of the state at that time providing that the Circuit Court should be presided over by one President Judge "learned in the law," a,nd two Associate Judges, " from the body of the people of the county." Judge Everts' Circuit was composed of the counties of Cass, Miami, Wabash, Huntington, Allen, LaGrange, Elkhart, St. Joseph and LaPorte. In February, 1836, the circuit was enlarged by the addition of Porter, Marshall, Pulton, Kosciusko, Noble and Adams. Judge Everts is said to have been personally popular and "a very prince of good fellows." Judge Biddle says of him that he was a lawyer of great tact and fine address; extremely astute in his management of wit- nesses and facts, but not remarkably studious or deeply learned in the law. William S. Edsall was the first clerk of the county and William G. Johnson the first shvjriff. Samuel C. Sample was the first prosecuting attorney. The court was held in an upper room of Keller's Tavern, the judges sitting at one end of the room, with a table in front of them, before which the attorneys and litigants sat, while the spectators gathered in and around the room as best they could. The first business of the court was to impanel a grand jury, of which Captain Elias Murray was foreman. The record shows that John Morgan and John Muhlanan were in jail at the time, on the charge of robbery, and Thomas Curran on a charge of larceny; Carran was sent to the penitentiary for two years, Mor- gan was tried by a jury, but they disagreed and he was admitted to bail in the sum of $100, which he forfeited at the next term of the court by not appearing. What became of Muhlanan the records do not disclose. The first fine imposed was upon Jeremiah Barcus, for selling intoxicating drinks contrary to the law, a species of crime that has not yet entirely disappeared. The first judgment in a civil cause was in favor of Isaac Spencer and against Jonathan Keller for the sum of $138.36, on an BENCH AND BAR. 375 account. The term lasted four days and was taken up principally in the trial of minor offenses, "against the peace and dignity of the State of Indiana," in the majority of which the defendant succeeded in convincing the court and jury, that he had been wrongfully accused, and was accordingly acquitted. Charles W. Ewing was allowed $10 for defending Thomas Curran. Jonathan Keller and Murdock McLane were allowed $8.00 each for their services as Associate Judges, and Jonathan Keller was allowed $10.00 additional for rent of court room and fuel for the term. Obediah Brown was allowed $1.00, Chancey Tuttle $3.00, and Paul Burke $4.00 as court bailiffs for the term. Naturalization papers were issued to eighteen foreign-born citi- zens during the term. The records do not show who the practicing attorneys were, except the prosecuting attorney above named and Charles W. Ewing, of Fort Wayne. David H. Colerick and Henry Crooker were at that time practicing attorneys of Fort Wayne and were doubtless prf^sent during the term. There were no resident attorneys in Huntington until some- time afterward. It was customary then, and continued to be so for many years afterward, for the leading attorneys to ride the circuit with the Presiding Judge. On the day set for the court to begin, or on the day before, the Judge, accompanied by from one to half a dozen or more attorneys, would ride into the country town, all on horseback, and with large, old-fashioned leather saddle-bags thrown over their saddles, filled with law books. Litigants having suits in court seldom engaged their legal assistants until the lawyers came, and then made their choice. The Judge and the attorneys generally put up at the sanie hotel, and however sharp or embittered may have been their legal engagements during 'the day, the evenings, sometimes ex- tending far into the night, were spent around the hotel sitting- room in the best of friendship and good- feeling, which, at the close of the term, very often degenerated into a drinking bout, in which Judge, attorneys and court officers became too full for utterance. Judge Everts continued to preside over the Circuit Court until August, 1836, when he was succeeded by Hon. Samuel C. Sample. At the same time George A. Fate succeeded Jonathan Keller as Associate Judge. Joel Grover succeeded William S. Edsall as clerk in March, 1836, and he was succeeded in August, 1836, by Isaac K Harlan. Joseph L. Jerregan became Prosecuting Attorney on the elec- tion of Judge Sample as Presiding Judge. In March, 1837, Hon. Charles W. Ewing became Judge of the 5 376 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Eighth Judicial Circuit, and Thomas Johnson Prosecuting At- torney. Judge Ewing is said to have been a lawyer of superior ability, standing high in his profession. As a judge he was quick and ready in comprehending the facts involved, and in giving his conclusions of law thereon. He was deservedly popular both on the bench and at the bar. He' served as Judge of the Huntington Circuit Court from March, 1S37, to the summer of 1839, when he resigned. He died by his own hand on the 9th of January, 1843, in the meridian of life, at Ft. Wayne. One of the most exciting trials of the early courts was that of James Hatfield against Samuel W. Burnham for alienating the affections of plaintiff's wife. The case was tried at the Septem- ber term, 1837, before a jury and Murdock McLane and George A. Fate, the Associate Judges. Judge Ewing having been of counsel in the case did not sit as one of the judges. All the lead- ing members of the bar on the circuit were engaged as counsel on one side or the other, an'3 after a bitter contest the case was finally given to the jury, who returned the following verdict: " We, the jury, find the defendant guilty, and assess the plaintiff's damages at $1,350. The parties were both from Allen County, and the case was sent to this county on a change of venue. At the March term, 1839, the Clerk of the Circuit Court, Isaac N". Harlan, appears to have neglected his duties, to such a degree that the patience of the court became exhausted, and Judge Ewing caused specific charges of " gross carelessness, neglect, inefficiency, and a total disregard of oflicial duty and responsi- bility," to be placed upon the records of the court against him. On the next day after the charges were made, Harlan resigned his office, and Judge Ewing appointed William Shearer, father of Mayor Shearer, the present postmaster, to fill the vacancy until his successor could be elected and qualified. Judge Ewing resigned his office in the summer of 1839, and Governor Wallace appointed Henry Chase, of Logansport, to fill the vacancy. It is said of Judge Chase, that he was a close and ready pleader, seldom or never asking for time to prepare his papers; had a clear, logical mind and great force of character. As a judge he was dignified, self-reliant, and unequivocal, brief but exhaustive. The official seal of the court was adopted at the September term, 1839, and is described as "a circular metalic seal, with the words on the margin, ' Circuit Court, Huntington County, Indiana, ' enclosing in the centre the figures of three sheaves of wheat, surmounted by the figure of a plough, and a pair of scales suspended by a hand and these partly enclosed by a wreath of fiowers." John W. Wright was elected Judge of the eighth circuit, by the Legislature of 1839-1840. Judge Wright was not a profound BENCH AND BAR. 377 lawyer, but was ready in arriving at conclusions and prompt in announcing them. He was industrious and did an unusually large amount of business in the circuit, during his term of office. His decisions while not always satisfactory, were generally con- curred in by the parties, and but few appeals were taken from him. Judge Wright held his first term of court in Huntington County, in March, 1840. At the same time Lucians P. Ferrey became Prosecuting Attorney for the Eighth Circuit. The first suit for divorce was brought by Elizabeth Winters, against Joseph Winters, at the September term, 18 W, the plain- tiff obtaining her divorce without any opposition from the defendant. At the Marcii term, 1841, court convened in the new court house, on the corner of Jefferson and Franklin streets, the court having been held in the school house situated on West State street, prior to this time. The Court House of that day has long been aban- doned as a county building and has been used as store rooms. Only recently it was partly destroyed by fire which will result in the final disappearance of this landmark of early times. April 16, 1841, Joseph Wiley became Clerk of the Court, a posi- tion he held for fourteen years, or until April 16, 1855, and after being out one term, was again elected and hsld the office for four years longer, beginning April 16, 1859, and closing his oiBcial connection with the office April 16, 1863. It was at the March term, 1841, that the late Gen . James R. Slack was admitted to the bar. He was the first resident attorney whose admission to the bar is noted on the records, and was probably the first practicing attorney who made Huntington his home. At this term Samuel B. Coley and William C. Parker were the associate judges. Mr. Coley is still living, a resident of Wells County, this State. Chelsea Crandall was Sheriff, having succeeded John Bu- chanan in that office. At the September term, 1841, Joseph Montgomery was sent to the State's prison for three years and six months for grand larceny, and was also disfranchised and rendered incapable of holding any office of trust or profit for the term of his natural life. At the same term On-za-pe-a, an Indian, was given a three years' sentence in the penitentiary for a like offense. This was Judge Wright's last term as Judge of the Hunting- ton Circuit Court. The Legislature, in the winter of 1841-43, changed the circuits of the State, and Huntington County was included in the Twelfth Circuit, with Allen and other counties in the northeast part of the State. Hon. James W. Borden, of Fort Wayne, was elected by 378 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the same Legislature judge of this circuit and began his services in Huntington County at the March term, 1843, a position that he held continuously until the April term, 1851, Hon. William H. Coombs, of Fort Wayne, becoming prosecuting attorney at the same time. At the September term, 1843, Judge Borden did not appear and the Associate Judges, Coley and Parker held the term of one week. At the September term, 1843, the prosecuting attorney fail- ing to to appear, the court appointed L. C. Jacoby, Esq., special prosecutor for the term. The first death of a practicing attorney of the court, noted on the records, is that of Thomas Johnson, formerly prosecuting at- torney of the circuit, who died during the September term, 1843. The court adjourned over one day in honor of his memory after adopting and placing on record appropriate resolutions of re- spect. John Mathena was sentenced to two years in State's prison at this time. At the March term, 1846, E. A. McMahon was appointed special prosecuting attorney in the absence of the regular pros- ecutor. At the September term, 1847, John S. Hendryx was appointed special prosecutor. At the September term, 184S, John D. Pulse and Daniel James became Associate Judges for Huntington County. Mr. Pulse is yet living an honored citizen of Warren in this county. Daniel James continued to reside on his farm in Polk Township until his death in 1886. At the September term, 1849, the members of the bar adopted resolutions of respect to the memory of John S. Hendryx, Esq., who had died of the cholera a short time before. He was at the time prosecuting attorney for Huntington County, and also school examiner for the county. Upon the suggestion of his death to the court. Judge Borden appointed John R. Coffroth, Esq., special prosecutor for the term. Mr. CufEroth had located in Huntington between the close of the March term and the beginning of the September term of the court, and was admitted to the bar at this term of the court. Col. Milligan wasDeputy Clerk. The first murder trial that is given on the records was that of Joseph Maurice, tried at the March term, 1850, on charge of kill- ing his wife by choking her to death. Hons. John R. Coffroth, and Wilson B. Loughridge prosecuted the case against Maurice. The trial continued over three days, and resulted in the acquital of the accused. Judging from the evidence in the case that remains on file, it would appear at this date that the jury were influenced in their verdict more by the probable fact, that the death of the woman was a public benefit, than from the guilt or innocence of the de- BENCH AND BAR. 379 fendant. The record does not disclose who the defendant's attor- neys were. Sheriff James M. Bratton, was a witness in the case. Benjamin Orten became Associate Judge in the stead of John D. Pulse, at the April term, 1851. Hon. Elza A. McMahon became President Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in 1851, and held his first term at Huntington. in September, 1851. Isaac DeLong was appointed special prosecuting attorney fo r this term of the court. At the September term James L. Worden, of Fort "Wayne, acted as prosecuting attorney. Judge McMahon occupied the bench until the new constitu- tion and the court preceedure adopted under it, went into force in 1853. Judge McMahon was a resident of Fort Wayne, and was at that time a man of considerable local prominence. After n-tiring from the bench he continued the practice a few years and then removed to the west where it is supposed he is yet living. Courts Under the Neiv Constitution. — The courts of Indiana received a radical change under the new constitution. They were organized throughout the State in the early part of 1853. Hith- erto the old common law methods had been in vogue, but under the new order of things the practice was much simplified and many of the long and tedious forms were done away with. The change brought about much opposition from some of the older members of the bar throughout the State. They had studied the common laws for years, until they had become imbued with its principles. To them it embodied the genuine wisdom of the ages that concerned law and liberty. They admired it for its grandeur and its equality. It had been so long the recognized channel through which justice had been sought that the "memory of man runneth not to the contrary," and they were reluctant to give up any of its well known avenues. Indeed, to many of these older practitioners the common law practice had grown to be of such paramount importance, and had assumed, to them, such beauty and symmetry that they held it in awe and reverence. It was therefore little short of sacrilege to attempt the pruning of this system even in its smallest branches. To such an extent was this opposition carried that many never became reconciled to the change, while some even went so far as to abandon the practice altogether. One distinctive feature of the change was the abolishment of the office of Associate judge. This was an office more for orna- ment than for utility. The circuit judge then held court in several counties, and in each he was assisted by two associate judges, who resided in the county. They were men that seldom, if ever, had any knowledge of the law and their decisions usually fol- lowed in harmony with the president judge. At this time, how- ever, they folded away their ermine and took their final leave of the Indiana courts, leaving the task of supporting the scales of justice to a single judge. 380 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. John Doe vs. Richard Boe. — The present code practice in Indiana has been in operation since May 9, 1853. Under the old system many relics of feudal times were still lingering. Several fictions of the ancient common law were still retained, but under the new code the methods of pleading were much simplified and the fictions were all abolished. Thenceforth all actions were to be prosecuted and defended in the names of the real parties. It was at that time that the famous mythical personages John Doe and Eichard Roe were forever banished from the courts of Indiana. These were fictitious plaintiffs and defendants that were used in all actions to recover the possession of real prop- erty. This common law action of ejectment originated about the beginning of the fourteenth century on account of "the thousand nicities with which real actions are harassed and entangled." The readiness with which John Doe always came forward to assert the alleged right of the man out of possession, and the equal promptness of Richard Roe to maintain that the naan in possession was the lawful owner, were such as to com- mand the devotion and sincere attachment of all true lovers of the old system. It was with deep regret that the old practition- ers took leave of these knights errant of the common law. The first term in this county after the adoption of the K'ew Constitution began in February, 1853, with Hon. John U. Pettit as Judge, Joseph Wiley, Clerk, and Henry Brown, SherifE. Perhaps no man in the State was better adapted to the trying duties of reorganizing the Circuit Court under the new methods of practice than Judge Pettit. He was a resident of Wabash County. His mind was a storehouse of information on almost every conceiv- able subject. A ripe scholar and a great teader, he was thoroughly acquainted with the history, poetry and the current literature of the country. In law no man in Indiana had a more comprehensive knowledge. While sitting as judge but few appeals were taken from his decisions, and the Supreme Court rarely reversed his judgments. Prior to this time he had been a member of the Indiana Legislature, and had been United States Consul in Brazil. Beginning in 1854 he served four terms as a member of Congress, the first three as a Democrat and the last as a Republican. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the Seventy-fifth Regiment of the Indiana Volunteers, but was com- pelled to resign on account of feeble health. In February, 1854, Isaiah M. Harlan assumed the duties of pros- ecuting attorney. At the August term that year Williana Robinson was sent to the penitentiary for three years on a charge of larceny. The next circuit judge of this county was John M. Wallace, of Marion, in Grant County. Judge Wallace was a man of more than ordinary ability. At the bar of his own county he was the foremost lawyer. He was a brilliant man and a .fluent speaker. As an advocate he was surpassed by few, and his knowledge of the law enabled him to become on efficient judge. His firstterm BENCH AND BAR. 381 in Huntinejton County was in February, 1855, at which time Lambdin P. Milligan was prosecuting attorney. The following year Isaac De Long served as special prosecutor a portion of the time. During the term of Judge Wallace an episode occurred which rendered his presence in this county for about one year a matter of doubtful propriety, and during that time the courts were mostly held by John Browulee, of Marion, under appoint- ment. This was the discovery by one of the leading citizens of the town at that time of a liaison between his wife and Judge Wallace. The aforesaid leading citizen is said to have developed an ardent desire for blood, and especially for judicial blood. After the lapse of about one year Jadge Wallace resumed the duties on this bench, which he continued to discharge faithfully until the expiration of his term in 1861. During the decade of the fifties, John R. Coffroth came into prominence as one of the leading lawyers of the northern Indiana bar. This position he has main- tained until the present time, although not now a resident of the county. His great force before a jury and his commanding in- tellect combined to make him an antagonist that all were unwill- ing to encounter at the bar. In March, 1861, Hon. Horace P. Biddle succeeded Judge Wal- lace upon the Huntington Circuit Bench. In Judge Biddle, Huntington County had one of the most distinguished jurists presiding in her courts. In 1853, he was elected senatorial dele- gate to attend the convention which met at the capital that year for the purpose of forming a new constitution for the State Grov- ernment. As a member of that convention he distinguished him- self in the advocacy of provisions which experience has shown were wholesome and judicious, imparting additional dignity to the political and judicial economy of the State. Resuming the practice of law during the interval after the conclusion of his convention service, he continued his professional labors until the fall of 1860, when he was re-elected president judge of this circuit, designated at that time as the Eleventh. His commission was dated October 26, 1860, and extended over a period of six years from the day preceding. The circuit was then composed of the counties of Carroll, Cass, Miami, Wabash, Hunt- ington and Grant. Judge Biddle was re-elected in 1866 for anothA- term of six years, as judge of the Eleventh Circuit, com- posed of the same counties, and left the circuit bench at the close of the spring session in 1873. Two years later, however, he was elected one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the State, and served a full term of six years as such, leaving that high position full of judicial honors. Aside from his experience in the field of law as a practitioner and judge, he has not been unknown to fame in the field of literature, having produced many valuable works in the department of science and general knowledge. He was then and is now a resident of Logansport. Meredith H. Kidd was then Prosecuting Attorney, Joseph Wiley, Clerk, and Samuel Dougherty, Sheriff. 382 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. About this time Henry B, Sayler began to figure in the matters of the court. In 1863, T. C. Whitesides was prosecuting attorney, and under his prosecution John Sturman was convicted of mur- der in the second degree and sentenced to the penitentiary for life. He was convicted of killing Thomas Clark at Mahon, a station on the old Wabash & Erie Canal. While Sturman was in jail he made his escape and was afterward captured in Illinois. The retaking of him is yet a glowing theme of conversation to one of Huntington's oldest citizens. In October, 1865, he was tried a second time and this time succeeded in obtaining a more favorable verdict. The sentence was for two years in the State Prison which, considering the crime, was remarkably light. At the January term, 1866, John Gordon, George W. Euggles, and Mary E. Lowry were indicted for the murder of William Lowry. William and Mary E. Lowry were husband and wife, but the evidence could not be produced sufficient to convict and the prosecutor entered a nolle prosequi to the cause. In Decem- ber, 1867, a special term was held by T. C. Whitesides, at which James Freel was tried for assault and battery with intent to kill, but was convicted of the assault and battery only. At the same term Valentine Mills was found guilty of manslaughter, and sen- tenced to three years in the penitentiary. In May, 1868, Cyrus Winter was tried on a charge of murder and acquitted. In 1869, at the September term, one of the ablest Judicial offi- cers of Indiana assumed the duties of Circuit Judge in Hunt- ington County. This was Eobert Lowry, of Fort Wayne, who for many years occupied important positions in the judiciary of northeastern Indiana. As a nisi prins Judge he has few equals, and while upon the bench maintains a dignified bearing in keeping with the proceedings of a judicial tribunal. His knowl- edge of the law is most profound, and he applies the principles to a case in hand with the most unswerving impartiality. A political ambition at last led him from the bench, and he has just completed a second term in Congress. Early in 1873 John U. Pettit became Judge again, but a change in the districts soon after brought to the bench in this county Hon. James E. Slack, a resident of Huntington. Judge Slack was the oldest practitioner at the bar of this county. He was a man of many peculiarities but of unimpeachable integrity. He entered the service of the United States in the Eebellion as Colonel of the Forty Seventh Indiana Eegiment and soon rose to the rank of Brigadier General. His disposition was somewhat gay, and he thoroughly enjoyed a good joke, but he seldom allowed anything of that nature to interfere with the proper decorum of his court. As a lawyer he was not profound, and his accession to the bench was not deemed auspicious. Notwith- standing this, however, he succeeded in becoming a good Judge, and one well liked by the members of the bar. His natural sense of right enabled him to administer equity in cases where the law was obscure. His last term in this county was in June, 1881, BENCH AND BAR. 383 soon after which he died very suddenly while away from home. The successor of Jadge Slack was Hoa. Henry B. Sayler, also a resident of Huntington and the present incumbent of the office ot Circuit Judge. For more than twenty- five years Judge Sayler has been one of the leading citizens of Huntington. Dar- ing the war he held a commission as Major in one of the six months' regiments, and several years later was elected to Con- gress. As a public speaker he is fluent and his manner is pleas- ing before a public audience. It is to be regretted that he left the domain of politics. As a judge he is not far above the aver- age, although he is popular with the masses and this perhaps goes far toward success. Business accumulates upon hi^ dockets and he seems not to have the ready faculty of turning it off. His decisions however, appear to stand the test well in the Supreme Court. Socially Judge Sayler is agreeable and genial, and as he is now apparently but little beyond the meridian of life, he, no doubt, has a considerable career of eminence and usefulness be- fore him. The Bar. — In giving an account of the Bar it has been deemed advisable not to give extended accounts of the present practic- ing members except in a single instance and the propriety of that exception will be readily admitted by all. From the pen of another, the following brief mention is given of the earlier members of the Huntmgton Bar: "The dawn of the Bar of Huntington is not free from obscurity, and like all unwritten history, invokes the charity of the reader. The intermingling of traditions of the past with the memory of the living, happily affords an approximation to the truth that should be accepted fty the general reader. " When Huntington County was organized the legal business of the county was transacted by the bar of Logansport, Fort Wayne and Marion. In 1840, James R. Slack came here, a young man of little legal experience, but a fine lookmg blonde of the Pennsylvania Teutonic type, of easy manners, of fine social qualities, vicacious, inclining to hilarity; he was Judge of the Twenty-Eighth Circuit, from 1873 until his death. He was con- servative in public financial transactions, and saved rather than accumulated a competency, and died in 1881. "Wilson B. Loughridge came from Brown County, Ohio, about 1843, was of Irish descent, large man, dark hair, fair skin, blue eyes, well educated, studied law with Gen. Thomas Hamer, of Ohio, was thoroughly familiar with the elementary principles of his profession, with a weighty brain and .phlegmatic constitution, with limited versatility of resource as a practicioner, Srone to magnify difficulties to overwhelming proportions, was udge Judicial District of Huntington and Wells counties, from 1853 to 1861. In 1862 he moved to Peru and conducted the -Jfiam Sentinel, and died in 1883. " John H. Hendrix, a native the state of New York, settled here in 1846. An active, energetic young man, small in stature 384 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. but of fair promise as a lawyer, was prosecuting attorney at his death, which occurred in 1849. '• Isaac DeLong came here from Perry County, Ohio, in 1848, on his return from the Mexican War. Was quite a military man; his early education was not good, but energetic and devoted to the interest of his clients, was a man of great benevolence to the great detriment of success, was impulsive, strong in his likes and dislikes but charitable and forgiving, always ready to do more for his friends than for himself. He was father of A. W. DeLong, so long the successful editor of the Indiana Herald, and started that paper for his son and maintained a lively interest in that paper until his death. "In 1848 Dunbar Carney opened an office here*but left the next spring. " In 1849 John R. Coffroth came here from Chambersburg, Penn- sylvania, a student of Mr. McClanahan. He was very young, of fine complexion, fine physique, with good legal education, and a mint of energy, quick perception and tenacious memory, not eloquent in a political sense, nor particularly logical, but stated his propositions with great force and clearness, and with a great pertinacity of purpose so necessary to the practicioner. He soon developed the formidable lawyer, and with Mr. Cofifroth and Col. Milligan at the bar at this time, the Huntington Bar took rank as one of the foremost in the state. In 1870 Mr. Coffroth moved to LaFayette, where he since practiced his profession with eminent success, but at this date his health is precarious. " Lambdin P. Milligan was admitted to the bar in Ohio, and practiced for a time at St. Clairsville. He was examined and admitted in the same class with Edwin M. Stanton, Lincom's famous Secretary of War. Mr. Milligan continued in the practice there for nine years, and in 1845 settled on a farm in this county. After a long and severe illness he resumed the practice in this county in January, 1853, and at once took high rank at the Hun- tington Bar. He was often associa.ted with John R. Coffroth and they were among the foremost lawyers in Northern Indiana. From that time to this he has been one of the most conspicuous members of the Huntington Bar . "David Oliver Daily, a native of Indiana, came here in 1851. He was a brother to Rev. William Daily, at one time Chaplain of Congress. Mr. Daily was a young man of brilliant talents, very eloquent and energetic and took a high rank at the bar. But over- work shattered his constitution and he became a victim to nervous prostration and died on the 7th of June, 1867, leaving a ■wife and two daughters, one of whom is the wife of Samuel M. Sayler, of the Huntington Bar." To complete a review of all the attorneys of the bar would be beyond the scope of this work. The present bar docket con- tains the names of some very bright, promising lawyers whose achievements in the legal arena are destined to be of a higher order. Most of them are elsewhere mentioned in this volume. A BENCH AND BAR. 385 list of nearly all the attoraeys admitted in this county prior to 1870 are here given although it doubtless contains some errors and many omissions: LIST OF ATTORNEYS. Samuel C. Sample, March, 1835. Charles W. Ewing, March, 1835. David H. Colerick, March, 1835. Henry Cooper, March, 1835. Hosea Powers, March, 1836. Joseph L. Jerregan, August, 1836. Thomas Johnson, March, 1837. Spier S. Tipton, March, 1837. Wm. H. Coombs, March, 1837. S. P. Ferry, March, 1837. J. W. Wright, March, 1837. Williamson Wright, March, 1837. Daniel D. Pratt, September, 1837. Alfred Kilgore, September, 1837. Patterson, September, 1839. Robert Brackenridge, March, 1840. Lysander Williams, September, 1840. James R. Slack, March, 1841. Wm. S. Palmer, March, 1841. John Brownlee, March, 1841. Horace P. Biddle, September, 1841. Horatio M. Slack, September, 1841. James D. Conner, September, 1841. Wilson B. Loughridge, September, 1842. L. C. Jacoby, September, 1843. Alphonso A. Cole, September, 1843. George Johnson, September, 1843. R. L. Douglas, September, 1843. John Conger, Jr., September, 1844. Joseph K. Edgerton, September, 1844. John S. Hendryx, September, 1844. Samuel Bigger, September, 1844. Elza A. McMahon, March, 1845. John W. Dawson, March, 1845. Moses Jenkenson, March, 1845. John T. Preston, March, 1846. Daniel N. Cox, March, 1846. John L. Knight, March, 1846. Levi Washburn, March, 1846. John M. Wallace, March, 1847. Isaac De Long, September, 1848. J. R. Coffroth, September, 1849. John U. Pettit, September, 1850. Anthony F. Yager, April, 185 1. A. Y. Hooper, April, 1851. James L. Worden, September, 1852. D. O. Daily, about 1855. W. C. Kocher, (?) 1857. Henry Comstock, September, 1859. H. B. Sayler, 1859. W. H. Trammell, i860. Thos. Roche, February, 1862. Wm. L. Best, February, 1862. W. G. Clark, about 1856. Rhodes Armstrong, April, 1865. James C. Branyan, April, 1865. L. C. Sweer, (?) 1866. B. F. Hendrix, 1866. W. H. H. Dennis, April, 1866. Wm. L. Manis, May, 1867. Ulyssus D. Cole, May, 1867. B. M. Cobb, prior to November, 1867. Brown, prior to May, 1868. Williams, prior to May, 1868. Lonis Newberger, May, 1868. John Bippus, May, 1868. Juo. T. Alexander, about May, 1867. Wm. M. Thomas, November, 1868. Henry Bridge, March, 1870. J. B. Kenner, March, 1870. Probate Court. — Under the old constitution there was a Pro- bate Court that had jurisdiction in all matters of a Probate nature. Appeals could be taken to the Circuit Court. The judges were residents of the county and seldom knew much of the intricacies of the law. The records are not clear upon the early Probate Courts in Huntington County. The first record bears date of November, 1838, at which time William Shearer was Judge. It is probable that he had been such from the organ- ization of the county until that date. From that time on another judge filled the oflBce whose name was probably James Gillece, the name everywhere being written in such a manner as to pre- vent certain deciphering. In February, 1841, William Shearer again assumed the duties of Probate Judge, in which capacity 386 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, he continued until 1848. During that year David Garlick suc- ceeded Judge Shearer, and he in 1850 by William B. Schencke, who held the office until the court was merged into the Common Pleas Court under the new constitution. The Common Pleas Court. — At its establishment the Court of Common Pleas was given exclusive jurisdiction of probate matters, and the old probate courts were abolished. This was another of the changes which the new practice brought about. It had the jurisdiction of all that class of offenses which did not amount to a felony, except those over which Justices of the Peace had exclusive jurisdiction. State prosecutions were insti- tuted by affidavits and information. Under certain restrictions this court had jurisdiction over felonies, where the punishment could not be death, and in no case was the intervention of the Grand Jury necessary. In all civil cases, except for slander, libel, breach of marriage contract, action on official bond of any State or County officer, or where the title to real estate was involved, this court had concurrent jurisdiction with the Circuit Court, where the sum of damages due or demanded did not ex- ceed $1,000, exclusive of interest and costs. It also had concur- rent jurisdiction with Justices of the Peace, where the sum due or demanded exceeded $50. When the court was organized ap- peals could be taken from it to the Circuit Court, but that right was afterward abolished, but appeals could be taken to the Su- preme Court, and its jurisdiction was from time to time enlarged. The Clerk and Shcriif of the county officiated in this court as well as in the Circuit Court, and the judge was ex officio judge of the court of conciliation. This last had jurisdiction of causes of action for libel, slander, malicious prosecution, assault and battery, and false imprisonment, and extended to questions of re- conciliation and compromise only. No attorney was allowed to appear for his client before the court of conciliation, but the parties were required to appear before the judge apart from all other persons, except that an infant was required to appear by guardian, and a female by her husband or friend. This branch of the court was abolished in 18B7. The first term ot the Common Pleas in Huntington County began in June, 1853.. with Wilson B. Loughridge as Judge. Dur- ing the twenty years of the continuance of this court, it had no less than seven judges, one of which held the office twice. The dates of their first terms are given: Joseph Brackenridge, June, 1861; James W. Borden, February, 1865; Eobert S. Taylor, October, 1868; David Studebaker, March, L869; Robert S. Taylor, October, 1869; William W. Carson, January, 1871; Samuel E. Sinclair, February, 1873. This was the only term of Judge Sin- clair as the court was then abolished. Present Attorneys. — The following roll of the attorneys of Huntington is taken from the bar docket of the present and is given as showing the resident attorneys of the county: SCHOOLS. 387 L. P. Milligan. W. C. Kocher. Thomas Roche. W. H. Trammel. B. F. Ibach. T. L. Lucas. J. C. Branyan. G. W. Stultz. B. M. Cobb. J. T. Alexander. J. M. Hatfield. J. B. Kenner. T. G. Smith. C. W. Watkins. L. L. Simons J. S. Grim M. L. Spencer. J. L. Hiltebrand. John I. Dille. D. C. Anderson. J. Z. Scott. O. W. Whitelock. W. A. Branyan. S. M. Sayler. R. A. Kaufman. J. W. Ford. Jos. G. Ibach. R. C. Griffith. John R. Day. Sherman Watkins. Edwin C. Vaughn, Prosecuting Attorney. CHAPTER VI. BY A. D. MOHLER, A. M. Schools — First Teachers — Early Schools — School Houses OP Early Days — Township Schools — General Matters — School Examiners and County Superintendents — Public Schools op Huntington City. "There, in his noisy mansion, skilled to rule. The village master taught his little school." - Goldsmith. WHEN the members of che Continental Congress passed the celebrated " Ordinance of 1787 " for the government of the Nortb west Territory they, surely, had no adequate idea of the great possibilities of the vast tract for which they were legislating. The following utterance, therefore, must have been of the nature, almost, of inspiration, for it is not a product of anything that had ever before been given by any of the governing powers of the world. In that memorable document these words are found: " Re- ligion, morality and knowledge, being necessary to good govern- ment and the happiness of mankind, schools, and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." This idea seems to have taken root in the soil and that other idea in the " Ordinance," that of liberty, joined with the educational, has made the entire Northwest Territory a veritable "land of promise." In the development of this idea Indiana has borne no small share. From her first Constitution this section is taken : " It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, as soon as circumstances will permit, to provide by law for a general system of education, ascending in regular gradations from township schools to a 338 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. State University, wherein tuition shall be gratis and equally open to all." In the second Constitution substantially the same enactment was made, thus recognizing the inestimable value of general education. The early settlers of Huntington County were not laggards in the cause of education. They were fully impressed with its value. Hence, though no provisions had been made for free tuition, schools were established so that the children might re- ceive instruction even though the fathers had moved into what was but little better than a wilderness. One or two of the early settlers were so fully alive to the value of educational privileges that they went to the expense of hiring teachers for their fami- lies alone. The first school in the county was taught by William Delvin, in the winter of 1834-35. It was held in a tavern kept by Jona- than Keller, west of where the American House now stands. The next winter, that of 1835-36, a new log school house was used. It stood a few rods west of the American House and the school was taught by C. H. McClure. In the same year, 1836, a young man named Sergent succeeded to the honors of Mr. McClure. From this time the history of the school properly be- comes that of the town school and will be discussed in another place. It will be well here to continue the history with respect to Huntington Township. From time to time school facilities were furnished the citizens of the township as the increase of population demanded until there were twelve school districts whose buildings accommodated a large attendance of pupils. Owing, however, to the extension of the corporate limits of the city of Huntington, and the consequent re-arrangement of the districts this number has been cut down to ten schools. Seven of the houses are excellent brick edifices, having been but recently built. The enumeration of children of school age in the town- ship is 321 males and 185 females. The enrollment for the school year of 1885-86 (the latest report) was 343. Thus it will be seen that education has kept pace with the march of time. Salamonie Township comes very nearly having the honor of the first school in the county. In September, 1833, Samuel Jones came from Highland County, Ohio, with his family, and settled in this township, being the first settler. Others followed, and among them John McGrew. Soon after his arrival in the settle- ment he was employed as a private tutor in the family of Sam- uel Jones. This work was soon observed by the other members of the settlement, and at last public sentiment was aroused suflSciently to warrant the engaging of a building for a private or " subscription " school. This building, like the other school buildings of that day, was a log cabin, but none the less were the seeds planted that has made the community an intelligent and prosperous one. The private schools increased in number, and a good start in educational affairs had been made when the free schools were established. Since then the schools of this town- SCHOOLS. 389 ship have made rapid progress. The township has at present nine schools, all the buildings good, substantial brick houses (the only township in the county having all the buildings of brick), with a good line of appliances for successful teaching. The school enumeration is 233 males and 189 females, and the enroll- ment at the last report was 350. This does not include the town of Warren, which is situated in this township. In 1879 the town of Warren was incorporated, and since that time the town school has been under the management of a special school board. The school has been thoroughly graded, a High School course of study adopted, and, under the efficient management of the principal. Perry H. Tracy, a class of four students graduated this year, being the first High School graduating class in the county schools outside the city of Huntington. The school enumeration in the town is 144 males and 139 females, and the enrollment at the last report was 273. Four teachers are employed in the schools and the citizens of the town are fully alive to the bene- fits to be derived from an unqualified support of their schools. In 1837, in a " shanty," formerly occupied by laborers who constructed the Wabash & Erie Canal, a Mr. Stevens opened the first school in Union Township. The teacher was induced to settle in the township by John Lewis, and in consideration that he would open and conduct a school, was given a tract of land. Mr. Stevens also filled the position of minister, and during the time he taught he also preached to the few then living in the township. In the same building in which tl^e school was taught and in the same year, he conducted the first religious meeting held in the township. The first building put up distinctly for school purposes was erected on Section 3.'. The date of building and the name of the first teacher cannot now be definitely ascer- tained. This school was supported by private subscription, and it was not until 1847 that the schools became " public," by the es- tablishment of the free school system. One house was sufficient for the children of the township for some time, though the dis- tricts had been established. The increase in the number of build- ings has progressed as the number of scholars has increased, until there are now nine school-houses in the township, six of them splendid brick buildings,with ample grounds and good out-build- ings. The number of pupils enrolled at last report was 359. The enumeration of school children is 292 males and 233 females. The length of the school term is from five to six months in each year. One of the pioneer teachers of the county was Miss Nancy Hildebrand, who taught in several of the townships. In 1838 she taught the first school in Lancaster Township, it being a "sub- scription" school. From the reports obtained of her work, she was highly successful as a teacher and deserves high honor as a pioneer teacher. In 1840, at Mt. Etna, was erected the first school house in the township. This was also supported by private funds as indeed were all the schools in the township, until the advent of the free school system of the State. At present the 390 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. number of schools in the township is eleven. The old frame houses are rapidly being replaced with splendid brick buildings^ and the school work has advanced to such a decree that the people demand the ablest teachers. The schools are in session six months of the year with an enrollment of 520 children. The school enumeration is 3Vi males and 304 females. In 1874 Mt. Etna was incorporated and thus its school was separated from the rest of the township and placed under the control of a board of trustees. An excellent brick building was completed in 1886 and the school made quite an advance. The enumeration is 69 males and 58 females, while there were enrolled in the school over 100 pupils during the last year. Miss Hildebrand also taught the first school in Wayne Town- ship. A cabin originally built for a cooper shop, was utilized for school purposes and here this pioneer teacher gathered her juvenile band. This cabin was situated on the farm of John Buzzard who had settled on the southeast quarter of Section 1-z. In 1839 the first building erected distinctively for school purposes was built on the Leverton farm, being 'the northeast quarter of Section 12. This was indeed a primitive building. EouDd logs, puncheon floor and benches were the characteristics of its con- struction. But what matters the surroundings when the mind is filled with the desire for education! The true school is where the mind grapples with thought and where it is filled with noble incentives to worthy actions. Stately edifices and costly libraries are not absolutely necessary for a true education. This school was taught by William C. Parker and sustained by private funds. When the free school system was introduced, in 1851, a school house was built in District No. 1, known as the "Fisher school." Next a house was built for District No. 4. This is known as the "Hollowell school" and is two miles south of No. 1. As this township is but four miles wide, there are only six schools. These, however, enrolled 291 children out of an enum- eration of 190 males and 167 females. The early settlers of Jefferson Township were not slow in adopting the means of education. One of the first settlers in the present territory of Jefferson was David C. Little, who, in 1838, taught a subscription school in a log cabin situated south of the Salamonie River. In 1840 a log school house was erected on the farm of William Purviance. This school was also under the care of Mr. Little. The free school system was placed in operation in this township in 1854, and from that time until the present the schools have been on the up grade. Jefferson Town- ship has the honor also of being the first township in the county to have a class of pupils graduate from the district schools. A class of four young ladies, belonging to school No. 6, under the supervision of the County Superintendent, passed an examina- tion prescribed by the State Board of Education, and on the evening of April 13, 1887, were awarded diplomas. This event marked an epoch in the schools of the township, and the exer- SCHOOLS. 393 cises which were conducted at the school house were witnessed by a large and intelligent audience. Many of the old settlers of the township were present and the contrast between the school privileges of the present and those of the earlier history of the township was clearly marked, and great satisfaction was ex- pressed over the advancement made. At present the township supports ten schools with an enrollment of 402, the enumeration being 256 males and 254 females. The honor of teaching the first school in Polk Township is to be given to Hugh Anderson who, in the winter of 1838, taught a " subscription " school in a cabin on Section 25. This school, as were the schools of that early day, was in session about three months, that being all the time that could be spared from the labors of clearing the wilderness. Teachers were scarce, and sometimes two or three years would elapse between sessions of the school. Mr. J. T. Jeffrey was one of the pioneer teachers of this township, if we have been correctly informed, and a son and two daughters have followed the footsteps of their father engag- ing in the noble work, the son doing most eflBcient work in the schools at Andrews. Polk Township very early availed itself of the privileges of the free school system, and we find in 1844 the establishment of the first free school. At that early day we did not have the munificent school fund we now have, and the por- tion due this township was too small to maintain the schools a proper length of time. The citizens, however, knew the value of education, and made up the deficiency. The township at present is divided into seven districts. Monument City having a building for a Township Graded School. Five of the school buildings are brick having been recently erected. At last report there was an enrollment of 300 pupils out of an enumeration of 181 males and 153 females. This township, like Wayne, is but four miles in width. As early as 1839, Abraham Binkley taught a term of school in Clear Creek Township in a house on the farm of J. R. Emly. This school enrolled some eighteen or twenty pupils. He was a good teacher for those times, and his work is highly praised. The house in which the school was taught was a small log structure, and was also used for religious meetings. It stood for a number of years and was replaced afterward by a frame build- ing. Among the early teachers of the township were Lewellen Boles and a Mr. Anderson, the latter quite an old man. Early in the history of the township a log school-house was built on Sec- tion 31 in which school was taught by James Delvin. Also a log house was built on Section 16. About 1865 the township was laid off into districts under the operation of the free school sys- tem. The citizens of this township have always taken a great interest in schools and school work. This is shown by the cheerful and willing compliance with every effort put forth for the advancement of the schools. As a consequence no town- ship in the county is better supplied with apparatus and the ap- 6 394 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. pliances for successful teaching. The houses and grounds are in good condition and the schools are held in their proper sphere, as something to be first considered. Taxes for school purposes are cheerfully paid, and the citizens are now arranging for the estab- lishment of a Township Graded School. Nine buildings, seven of them brick, accommodate the pupils, who enumerate 354 males and 239 females, out of which the latest report gave an en- rollment of 418. In 1840, as near as can be ascertained, a school building was erected in Warren Township near the Whitley County line, but being inconveniently situated was soon abandoned. In 1841, a building was erected on Section 11 at what was known as "Alt- man's Corners." This building was erected by the citizens for miles around, and John W. Funk was placed in charge of the school. In the winter of 1842-43 the school was attended by forty- eight pupils who came four and five miles from Clear Creek Town- ship and from Whitley County. The majority of the pupils were young men and women. The teacher received the munificent stipend of 813 per month and board. The second teacher in this building was a Mr. Anderson who taught one summer and two winter terms. He was a good teacher and was successful in his schools. There was no other school- house erectea for several years. The first house built by the township stood in the eastern part where the Slusser Church now stands on Section 13. It was a hewed log building being somewhat better than most of the houses of that early day. Among the early teachers of this township was Thomas Gilmore, who taught a term in a little log cabin built by the neighborhood on the Bolinger farm. Samuel Purviance was also an early teacher in this house. There was also a log building erected where West Point now flourishes; it was used but a short time, however, and the name of the first teacher is forgotten. Warren Township now has within its bor- ders six schools, the township being but four miles wide. The enumeration of pupils is 201 males and 191 females. The enroll- ment at last report was 280 pupils. The length of school term is six months. In a cabin on Section 3, in Eock Creek Township, in the year 1839, Thomas O'Thigh taught the first school, a " subscription school." In the next year on Section 31, the first school house was built. One of the early teachers in this building was Dennis Little who taught a subscription school at the rate of $1.50 per scholar for three months. The school was a small one so that the teacher's remuneration was no fortune. Other early teachers in the same school were James Bonewitz, and Isaac Goodwin, the house having been destroyed by fire during the term of the latter. In 1842, the township was divided into school districts, and free schools established. About the second building in the township was erected at " Yankeetown," on Section 34. This was a log structure that stood for a number of years, then replaced by a frame, and in 3 886 by an excellent brick edifice. One of the early SCHOOLS. 395 teachers was Mrs. Jethro Boyd, having had charge of summer and winter schools in various locaUties in the township in its early history. Among the first school houses were those known as the "Cupp" school on northwest corner of Section 24, the "Buckeye" school on the northwest corner of Section 36, the "Barrett" school on the southeast corner Section 4, the "Weimer" on the northwest corner of Sections, the " Fellabaum " school on the southwest corner of Section 17, and the "Centre" school on Section 16, all log-houses. In 1870 the township trustee erected a one-room building in Markle, thus making the village a district. The town increased to such an extent that in 1875, an addition of one room was added, and in 1884 a two-story four- room, brick building was built to accommodate the rapidly grow- ing town. Including the town of Markle there are eleven school buildings in the township, managed by thirteen teachers, enroll- ing 658 pupils out of an enumeration of 371 males and 311 females. The schools are in session six months each year. In the Mahon settlement, about 1843, was taught the first school in Jackson Township. Two years afterward, at Wesley Chapel, two miles north of Roanoke, a building was erected in which William Allen, a most excellent pedagogue, gave instruc- tion to the children of that neighborhood. These schools were private or "subscription" schools, but as soon as it was practi- cable, free schools were established. This township has not been behind the rest of the county in educational matters. Indeed, it has been, owing to the fact that Roanoke Seminary is in its boundaries, a kind of educational centre. For many years this portion of the country was the shrine to which those education- ally inclined directed their footsteps. Around Roanoke persons settled who came because of the school facilities, and in this way was built up a highly prosperous and very intelligent community. The schools increased in number, districts were formed and buildings erected until there are now eight brick buildings, one frame, which contain a good line of apparatus for illustrative teaching. In these schools an enrollment of 352 is reported out of an enumeration of 221 males and 185 females. The length of the school term is six months. The town of Roanoke is not in- cluded in the foregoing statement, for in IS 74 its schools were separated from those of the township by the incorporation of the village, and a board of trustees manage the schools. Two teachers are employed in the building, an excellent frame, and the enrollment reaches the number of 175 pupils out of an enumeration of 132 males and 94 females. The schools are in session nine months of the year. In Dallas Township the first school was taught by EUzabeth H. Edwards in 1844-45, in a building erected by the Society of Friends for a " meeting-house " on Section 3. The friends always manifested a great interest in the success of their school, not sparing any pains to make it profitable, and giving it a willing and hearty support. Their influence permeated the entire com- 396 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. munity, and the settlement was noted for its superior educational advantages and zeal. Debating societies and literary work were made prominent features, and many most excellent teachers came from the ranks of this school, known now as the Maple Grove school. This is another one of the narrow civil townships, hence the population is not so great as those of full size. The township maintains, however, six schools, with an enumeration of 155 males and ] 16 females, out of which were enrolled 319 pupils. In 1867 the town of Antioch, now Andrews, was incorporated, and the schools of that town passed under the control of the school board. The trustee of Dallas Township having erected a one- story brick school house, a second story was placed thereon by private parties, and in 1869 the corporation purchased from the township its interest in the building and also a part of the second floor. The school did not make any material advance until 1874, when the school term was extended from four to six months of the year. In 1877 the school was graded, and from that time on- ward has been an excellent school. When the Wabash Railway located its shops adjoining the town, in 1882, it was soon found that the schools needed more rooms to accommodate the children of the rapidly growing town. Accordingly, in 1883, the trustees erected a fine two-story building containing four rooms, and this was soon filled with eager pupils. Two rooms of the old building are used in connection with the new building, and the six teachers reported an enrollment of 342 pupils, out of an enumeration of 218 males and 202 females. The schools are in session eight months of the year. No county in the state has made more solid advancement in school matters. There may be some counties whose schools are in better condition, but they have been settled a much greater length of time and the schools are much older. But tak- ing the reports of the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion, we find that this county is above the average and also far in advance of her equals in age. From the humble beginnings enumerated above, the schools of the county have grown until they now have become of the first importance in the affairs of the county. After the adoption of the statute of 1865, the schools received an impetus which was highly accelerated by the County Superintendency law of i873. No one measure has done so much for the schools of the State as that law, and Huntington County has also enjoyed the benefits of supervision. A few statistics may not be out of place. The number of teachers employed in the county is 140. We expend as salaries to teachers, $34,300.35. This amount is from the tuition fund. From the special school fund, which is used for the expenses of the schools outside of tui- tion, we expended by the last report, $19,607.97, making a total expenditure for school purposes of $53,90s.32. We have 103 school houses, seventy-one brick, and thiry-two frame. The en- rollment for the county, including the city of Huntington, was 6,331. These figures are from the report of 1886, the latest made. SCHOOLS. 397 The enumeration taken this spring is 8,381. The value of school property in the county is •?177,506.75. The Congressional fund of the county is §-.39,430.70. The common school tund, held in trust by the county, is S3 4/376. 24. In 1865, the office of School Examiner was made more prominent than ever before. Among those who served in that capacity before tnat time were Dr. A. M. Lewis, Dr. F. W. Sawyer and F. S. Reefy. From 1865, until June, 1871, Rev. Richard A. Curran, a man of extensive. learning, performed the duties of the office. In June, 1871, Morris L. Spencer, now an attor : ney of the city, received the appointment. He resigned in March, 1874, when Francis M. Huff, was appointed, and continued in office until June, 1879. He was succeeded by Marion B. Stults, who held the office for one term, or until 1881. In June of that year, Edward A. McNally received the appointment, holding the office for four years. In 1885, Alonzo D. Mohler was appointed. Since 1873 the officer has been designated as the County Super- intendent of Schools, and the duties are such as to demand the entire time of the officer. He has the entire supervision as regards grading and instruction, of all the schools in the county, except those in the city. In connection with the county board of educa- tion, which is composed of the township trustees, and the presi- dents of the school boards of the towns and city, all school matters are brought under his immediate notice. In this way great good has been accomplished in the schools of the county. They have been graded, arrangements are being made for district graduation. Township graded schools are being established and the thorough mental training of the youth of the county is the result. The future of the schools looks bright, and the earnest desire of the writer is that in the years to come, when another history may be written, Huntington county may be in the front of educational progress carrying proudly the grand banner of learning at the head of the ranks. Huntington Public Schools* — No history of the city would be complete without a chapter devoted to the public schools. The school teacher was abroad in the land at a very early date. The present generation, with its palatial school building, con- taining all the paraphanalia that ample naeans, science and an enlightened public opinion can command, to aid an able and eflBcient corps of teachers in that most important of all secular pursuits, training and giving character to the minds and lives of the future citizens and rulers of the Republic may effect to des- pise the log cabin and slab bench school, presided over by a " master " who could " cipher " to the " single rule of three; " yet it was from these small beginnings that our whole system of public schools has grown, and as a matter of local historical in- terest we have endeavored to give the names and in some in- stances a short account of the principal teachers of our city 'Prepared by T. L. Lucas. 398 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. schools, together with such other items of interest as we have been able to obtain,, for be it known that there is no record of the early schools, and we have been compelled to seek our infor- mation from other sources, and in which we have been very materially aided by the labors and researches of the present able and efficient principal of the schools. Prof. John W. Caldwell. From the best source of information we can obtain, we learn that the first school in Huntington was opened in December, 1834, in a. part of the hewed log hotel lately erected by Jonathan Keller. The location was a little west of the American House. William Delvin was the first teacher. He was a native of Ire- land, bu^ had emigrated to this country with his parents when quite young and had been educated at Hagarstown, Maryland. He was surveyor of the county for several years after its organi- zation and died in the city January 29, 1841. In the winter of 1835-36, C. H. McLure taught in the new log school house used for both school house and court house. It was situated on West State street on the present site of the frame house built around a tree. In 1836-7 the school was taught by Jonathan Sargent. He was noted for his piety and scholarship; he boarded around among the pupils, but stayed the most of the time with the family of Mrs. Roche, for the reasons as he gave them, " that Mrs. Roche baked good, palatable corn pone, and her boys did not swear." Mr. Sargent has the credit of organizing the first Sabbath School in the city, supplying the books therefor from his own private means. But feeling that his efforts were not properly appreciated he stayed but a short time. A summer school was taught in 1837 by Miss Amy Swift, who was the first lady teacher in the school. In the winter of 1837-8 Leonard Winans taught the school and was succeeded in 1838-9 by Raleigh Madison, The late Gen. James R. Slack taught the winter school in 1840-1; he taught in the new frame building situated near where the Wabash Elevator now stands. The old school house is still in existence and stands a short distance east of its first location. It is now occupied as a residence by Mr. Rodabaugh. Miss Lucy Montgomery taught a summer school in 1841 and the winter school of 1841-2. Harmon Montgomery taught the winter term of 1842-3, and John B. Fairbanks that of 1843-4; in 1844-5 John K. Snyder was the teacher. In 1845-6, E. P. Washburn and Miss Rose Ferry, were the teachers. Their joint efforts at school teaching were so succes- ful that they were joined together "for better or for worse "at the close of the term. In 1846-7, a Mr. Walker taught the school, and was succeeded in 1847-8 by Mr. John Skiles, who still resides in the city. Mr. Skiles taught his school in the old court house, on the corner of Franklin and Jeffersons Streets. He says his pay was SCHOOLS. 899 $1.50 per pupil for the term of three months; that he had seventy-five pupils and about fifty classes, as very few of the pupils brought the same kind of books. In 18i9-o0, Miss Harriet S. Delano was the teacher. She was succeeded in 1850-1, by Prof. Joseph H. Swail and his wife; the school was taught this winter in the old court house. The schools were taught from 1831 to 1853 by Mr. Walter Richards and his wife. They were the first teachers in the new brick school house, on the hill near the Catholic Church. The brick building had two rooms and was used for school purposes until 18G>. It is now owned and occupied as a residence by Mr. Jacob Walter. In January, 1853, Benjamin Orton, Joseph W. Parviance and F. G. Fraine, were appointed by the Town Council the first School Trustees of the town. The statutes authorizing the levying of a school tax for public schools having become a law a short time prior to the appoint- ment of said trustees. Misses Celia Sprague and Maria L. Freeman taught the' schools in 1853-4, and Miss Sprague continued as manager of the schools until 1854-5. Mr. Adrian Spalding and daughter. Miss Julia, had charge of the schools from 1855 to 1857. Joseph Z. Scott, still residing in the city, and Miss Lizzie Tyson, a lady of fine scholarship and address, were the teachers from 1857 to 1859. From 1859 to 1861, Mr. George S. Brinkerhoff and Miss Tyson were the teachers. In 1861-3, Mr. J. O. Packard and Miss Mary Oliver, taught the school. In 1862 the School Board sold the brick building on the hill and purchased the old "Rock House," an old stone hotel building that had been built by Gen. John Tipton in 1835, situated on the southeast corner of the present school property in the Second ward. The cost of thi? building and four good lots was $1,800, and its purchase by the Board produced some severe criticism at the time, but time has shown that the Board were wiser in the purchase than their critics. This building was occupied by the schools until the completion of the present commodious school building, on the same grounds, in 1873. Rev. R. A. Curran, J. 0. Packard, Miss Mary Oliver and Mrs. Butler, mother of Thad Butler, Esq., of the city, were the first teachers in the Rock House, in 18G3-3. The same year Mr. B. F. Ibach, still a resident of the city, and Miss Fidelia Anderson taught the first school in the brick school house in the Third ward. Rev. R. A. Curran was the Principal of the schools for the years 1862-3, 18G3-4 and part of 1804-5 and 1865-6. 400 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Benjamin F. Ibach was Principal for part of the term of 1864-5. Prof. Bell was Principal in 1866-7, until near the close of the term. William Weaver closed the term of 1866-7 and for a part of the term of 1867-8, and R. S. Gregory in 1867-8. Prof. Gregory's teaching was very acceptable and it is probable that the demand for better school accommodations and a better system of teach- ing that afterwards led to the building of the present school houses of the city grew out of his work while Principal of the schools. In 1868-9 James McAfee was Principal. In 1869-70 H. J. Blan- pied was Principal and also for the following term of 1870-71. In 1871-2 C. W. Church served as Principal, and in 1873-3 James W. Gusman was Principal. The first decided movement toward a graded system of schools in the city was made in 1872 by Mayor S. F. Day, Dr. A. H. Shaffer and William C. Kocher, Esq., although there had been a growing demand therefor for several years, who were at that time the Board of School Trustees. To them belongs the honor of planning and constructing the present Central school building, a building which for comfort and convenience is nowhere excelled. In 1873 the building was ready for occupancy, and the schools were organized under one general system and management, by Prof. James Baldwin, the first Superintendent under the new ' organization. Prof. Baldwin was Superintendent of the schools from July, 1873, to June 30, 1883, and was a very successful and efficient manager of the schools. Prof. Morgan Caraway was Superintendent from 1883, to June 30, 1884, and Prof. John W. Caldwell, the present efficient Superintendent, has filled that position since July, 1884. It is worthy of note that the present wife of Hon. Frederick Douglass, of Washington City, D. C, was a teacher in the public schools in the years 1874-5, and 1875-6. Her name was at that time Miss Helen Pitts. The course of study adopted by the School Board in 1873, and revised from time to time, while rejecting those branches usually regarded as ornamental, has spared no pains to secure thorough- ness in all the essentials of an English education. Many of the pupils, whose education ceased in the Grammar School, hold licenses from the County Superintendent, and have done efficient and satisfactory work as instructors in the district schools, while the graduates have had no difficulty in finding ready admission to the best colleges. The cost of text books to parents has been reduced to the smallest possible amount. In the first three grades it is nothing at all, since all the necessary books are supplied free. There has been throughout the school a mutual feeling of kindliness and confidence between teachers and pupils, which, more than any repressive measures, has secured the best of dis- CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 401 cipline in every department. A continuance of the liberal meth- ods of school government pursued during the past, will no doubt, secure a lasting prosperity to the schools. CHAPTER VII. BY T. L. LUCAS. City of Huntington — The Red Man's Resort — The Helvey Beothkes — Other Early Comers — Gen. John Tipton — Securing the County Seat— Early Records — Eirst Elec- tion—Early Trade and Commerce — Some of the Old Settlers — Wabash & Erie Canal — Indian Agency — In- corporation — List of Officers — Changes in the Business Center — Additions -- The Cholera Scourge — Churches op the Town — Seceet Societies — The Press — Banks — Manu- facturing AND Other Industries — Fire Department — Gold and Natural Gas Excitements — Coming of the Railroad. THE present site of the city of Huntington was known among the Indians as Wa-pe-cha-an-gan-ge, mea,ning " Flint Place," ' owing to the abundance of flint at the mouth of Flint Creek; and among the Indian traders, white men and half breeds, who traded with the Indians long before any permanent settlements were made, as "Flint Springs," from the fine springs of pure water that flowed from the flinty ground at the foot of the little hill near the mouth of the creek. The ground was white with the hard flint for many rods around the springs, and was a noted camping ground with both Indians and traders, the flint being always dry and solid and nearly clear of underbrush. There is a tradition that Gen. William H. Harrison and his army en- camped here on their march from Fort Recovery to Tippecar oe, in 1811; but the late Samuel Jones, of Warren, this county, who was a soldier in Gen. Harrison's army in the campaign, could not recollect the place as a camping ground of the army, although well remembering passing through the county with the army at or near this point. It was upon this then well known camping ground near the springs, on the banks of this little creek, now walled in and built over by the business houses and streets of our flourish- ing city, but then surrounded by a dense forest, that the first white inhabitants located the new settlement. Their names were Joel Helvey and Champion Helvey, brothers, natives of Tennessee. They built a large double log cabin and gave entertain- 402 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. ment to " man and beast," their house being known as the " Flint Springs " Hotel, and was for many years a popular resort for the traveling public. The old log building remained standing, a monument of the past, until a few years ago, when it was torn down by the present owner of the property. Its legitimate suc- cessor in the hotel business being the present Exchange Hotel, situated on the adjoining lot. The land selected by the Helveys, upon which the original plat of the town was afterward laid out, is the fractional northeast quarter of Section 15, in Township 28 north, Eange 9 east; and the date of their settlement, the year 1831. The land was a portion of the grant made by the United States Government, in 1837, to the State of Indiana, to aid in the construction of the canal, afterwards known as the Wabash & Erie Canal, connecting the navigable waters of the Wabash River at Terre Haute, Indiana, with Lake Erie, at or near Toledo, Ohio. The records do not show how the the interest of the Helveys in this tract of land was transferred to Gen. John Tipton, of Logansport, but the transfer was doubtless made in a manner satisfactory to both parties. Gen. Tipton obtained the patent for the land from the state, and by his agent, Capt. Elias Murray, platted and laid out the town, in the year 1833; Capt. Murray giving the new town the , name of "Huntington," in honor of Samuel Huntington, one of the signers of the Declar- ► ation of Independence, and Capt. Murray's uncle. The Helveys removed to the tract of land east of the town, afterward known as the Gephart farm, now nearly all included in Whitestine's, Grayston's, Bippus' and Gephart's additions to * the city. But the advancing tide of civilization was not suited to their manner of living, and being strongly suspected of deal- ing in counterfeit money, a suspicion that has since been con- firmed by finding, upon the premises last occupied by them, the dies and instruments used in the manufacture of counterfeit coin, they removed west, keeping on the borders of the new set- tlements until their death, several years afterward. Gen. Tipton, through Captain Murray, donated a large number of lots in the new town to the county to aid in the erec- tion of county buildings, and Huntington became the county seat of the county upon its organization in May, 1834. Gen. Tipton also erected at his own expense and donated the same to the county, the frame building now standing on the corner of Jefferson and Franklin Streets, owned by George J. Bippus, Esq., for the use of the county as a court house; this building, however, was not completed until about 1840. There are but few landmarks remaining of the early settlement of the town. Flint Springs, near which the Helveys built their cabin, still flow with pure water, and are situated on the rear of the lot lying between Purviance's livery barns and Flint Creek, on the south side of State Street. CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 403 Flint Creek flows through the centre of the city in essentially the same channel it flowed in when the Indians and Indian traders camped on its flinty banks. Little River, or more properly speaking, the Little Wabash, remains the same it was at the date of the first settlement, except that the dense growth of willows and underbrush that then lined its banks has long since disappeared, and the further exception that at that time there were no bridges nor mill dams to obstruct the view of the river or the flow of the water. The records of the town, if any were kept, before its incorpor- ation in 1848, have been lost or destroj^ed and we are un- able, therefore, to glean from them any matters of interest in the early history of the village, but it is known as a matter of tradition and from the recollections of the oldest inhabitants, that soon after the location of the county seat that additions were rapidly made to the citizenship. Among the earliest were Capt. Elias Murray, Dr. George A. Fate, William Delvin, James Delvin, William S. Edsall, Dennis O'Brien, Townsend G. Bobo, Obediah Brown, Henry Brown, Jonathan Keller, David John- son, Patrick Johnson, Martin Roche, Samuel Moore and others. The first election held in the town was to elect two .Justices of the Peace for the county. It was held on the first Monday in June, ] 834, and the votes polled for the whole county were only 134. The last survivors of those voting at that election were the late Samuel Moore of the city, and Patrick Johnson of the town- ship. We have been very materially aided in the collection of the facts and incidents of the town's early history by a number of the older citizens. Mr. John Roche came here with his father's family in 1834, and from him we obtain many of the following facts: Dr. Greorge A. Fate opened the first business house, a general store, situated on the property now occupied by Daniel Shepper. William S. Edsall followed with a store nearly opposite the pres- ent residence of John F. Fulton, afterwards taking William Delvin into partnership with him. Dennis O'Brien opened a grocery store in a building situated on the site of the late resi- dence of Mrs. Hannah Halle. Jonathan Keller built a second hotel on the property now owned by John Beiceman, a large two story hewed log house, which was destroyed by fire about the year 1836 or 1837. The little stone building situated on the cor- ner of Mayor Day's residence property, was early built and occu- pied as a general store, all on West Market Street. The principal articles of trade were pork, from wild hogs, furs, pelts, coon skins, deer skins and "sich like " varmints. Hunting was as much of a business as any other avocation. It was more uncommon to see a man without his gun than with it. Game was So abundant that the first meat market, kept by a man named Denand, was supplied from the woods and kept up as regularly as the butchers do now-a-days, but venison was the principal meat instead of beef. To give some idea of the extent 404 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of the fur trade, the following is a list cf the kinds and quan- tities shipped by one merchant in May, 1834: 1452 Deer Skins, 3141 Coon Skins. 76 Wild Cat Skins. •Z Wolf Skins. 135 Muskrat Skins. 10 Fisher Skins. 6 Mink Skins. 15 Otter Skins. 28 Bear Skins. The Miami Indians yet remained in the county in large num- bers, and it was no unusual thing to see more Indians in town than there were white people. The Indians remained in the county until 1846, when they were removed to Kansas by the United States Government, with the exception of a few families, who were privileged to remain. The first white child born in the town was Bridget Kennedy, daughter of Michael and Mary Kennedy, on the 11th of March, 1834. The first wedding was that of Champion Helvey to Mary Barrett in May, 1834. The first death of a white settler was that of the wife of Will- iam Delvin in 1833. The first term of court began on the 5th of May, 1834, and was held in an upper room of .Jonathan Keller's tavern. Hon. Gustavus A. Everts was the presiding judge and Jonathan Keller and Murdoch McLane were the associate judges, the law then requiring a court to consist of one presiding judge "learned in the law," and two associate judges chosen from the citizens of the county. William S. Edsall was the first Clerk, Champion Helvey the first Sherifi", Capt. Elias Murray the first Treasurer, and his salary for the first year was the munificent sum of $4.50. Mr. Roche says the town at that time, in 1834, consisted of only a few houses, nearly all of which were log cabins, the streets were full of stumps and logs, the greater portion of the town as then laid out was covered with the primeval forest, the largest cleared space in any one spot being a field cleared on the side of the hill between where the canal was afterwards dug and the present residence of Jesse Davies, containing a few acres. The two acre out lot on which are the present residences of Dr. F. S. C. Grayston, William McGrew, William H. Hessin, Will- iam Ewing and others, sold for §40 in 1834, as did the two-acre lot immediately north of it, occupied now by James H. Ewing, Mrs. BarLlett and others, while he, John Roche, paid $82 for the two acre out lot on which he now resides on the opposite side of the street two years afterward. County Sheriff James M. Bratton came here in 1839; the town had grown somewhat at that time but the stumps and logs yet remained in the streets in many places, and the streets were without gutters and with but few sidewalks, and those mostly of CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 405 puncheons or hewn loa;s, and were filled with mud and mire after every wet spell, Mr. Bratton did his first work in the town in helping: to build the new court house on the corner of Jeffer- son and Franklin streets. Mr. John Kenower came here in January, 1841, with a Baptist Colony, consisting of between twenty-five and thirty persons. They were Charles Taylor and family, of whom Mrs. A. Q. Ken- ower, of this city is the only surviving member, William Taylor and family, Mr. Taylor is still residing in the city, H. J. Betts and family, none of whom survive, Hugh Montgomery and family, of whom Mrs. Samuel H. Purviance, of this city is the only survivor, and four young men, John Green, Sewel P. Barnes, John Sheets and John Kenower, of whom John Kenower is the only survivor. This colony established the Baptist Church of this city, a history which is given with the other churches of the city. At the date of his arrival in the city, Mr. Kenower says there were only fourteen resident families in the platted portion of the town, although there were a number of families residing within a radius of a few miles. As Mr. Kenower recollects them, these fourteen were the families of Capt. Murray, Osborne, Dial, Widow Roche, William Johnson, Patrick McCarty, William Delvin, Schoolcraft, Beeby, Widow McDellan, J. E. Taylor, Julius Murray, Ingram and Chelsea Crandall. Sheriff Bratton then resided up the river, on the Thompson farm. There were however, a number of young, or unmarried men here, of whom the late Gen. James R. Slack was one, then the village school master. The business part of town was on West Market Street, and the dwelling houses, log cabins, were scattered over the original plat, with forest trees, brush, logs and stumps filling the unoccupied lots. There was no bridge over Little River and the ford for horses and wagons was from near the mouth of Flint Creek to the opposite bank, near Young's Factory, while an old dug-out canoe served the purposes of a ferry boat for foot passengers, to and from the south side of the river. _ The roads into the country were mostly only " blazed " traces with the underbrush cut out, and the means of travel through the country was almost exclusively by horseback or on foot. The first " boom " the new town received came from the con- struction of the Wabash & Erie Canal. In the year 1837 the United States, by act of Congress, granted to the State of Indi- ana, every alternate section of land five miles in width, to aid in the construction of a canal connecting the waters of Lake Erie with the navigable waters of the Wabash River. By the terms of the grant work had to be commenced on the canal within five years from the date of the act. The formal beginning of the work was near Fort Wayne, on March Ist, 1832, just within the time allowed by the grant. 406 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Work became general along the line of the canal in Hunt- ington County in the year 1834, large numbers of men being em- ployed in its construction. These men were paid off at Huntington at stated times, and a large part of the money spent here, making times easy and money plenty, and the population and business of the town increased very rapidly. The work was completed and water let into the canal to the upper lock at Huntington, then known as Burke's lock (its ruins may yet be seen opposite the residence of John Mi shier, in the Second ward) on July 3d, 1835. The event was the occasion of an enthusiastic naeeting of the citizens. The canal boat "Indiana" had come down from Fort Wayne with the waters, having on board a large number of the citizens of Fort Wayne, who were greeted on their arrival, by the people, with loud cheers, and salutes from a cannon which Dr. George Fate had brought across the country from Dayton, Ohio, expressly for the occasion. The Fort Wayne guests were given the hospitality of the citizens of Huntington, and early on the morning, the fourth, returned to Fort Wayne, accom- panied by a large number of Huntingtonians and Dr. Fate's cannon, and celebrated the completion of the canal between the two places, and the glorious fourth, in a manner long remem- bered by the participants. Although completed to the town, the canal was not completed through the county until the following year, 1836, and not finished to Terre Haute, its western terminus, until 1843. It gave the first means of communication with the older settled portions of the country, other than the old trace and wagon road, and although afterwards killed by its more expedi- tious competitor, the railroad, the canal was a great boon to the early inhabitants in its day, and gave to Huntington and other towns and cities along its line a business advantage and su- premacy they yet maintain over other points off of its line. After the completion of the canal large warehouses were built on its banks to accommodate the rapidly increasing trade of the town and county, and for many years large numbers of boats plied up and down on its waters, carrying grain, lumber and pro- duce to the eastern markets and returning with merchandise and other freight. Owing to the competition of the railroads, the decay of the locks and the gradual filling of the channel, the canal was abandoned in 1874. Scarcity of money is one of the greatest obstacles against the development of a new settlement, felt a great deal more severely at that time than it is in the new settlements of the West at the present day. But for many years Huntington enjoyed an advan- tage in this particular over her adjoining settlements and towns, in the annual payment by the United States Government of be- tween $60,000 and $70,000 to the Miami Indians at and near Hunt- ington. These payments were made in compliance with the pro- visions of tho several treaties between the Indians and the General Government, and were in payment for the Indian title to the lands of this part of the State and the interest on the deferred CITY OP HUNTINGTON. 407 payments, and were continued until the fall of 1845, which was the last payment made here to the general body of the Indians, as they were removed to Kansas by the United States in 1846, excepting a few families that were permitted to remain. These families and their descendants continued to draw their propor- tion of the payment annually until the year 1880, when the last paymfent of principal and interest came due and was paid by the Government. But the sum thus distributed in the early settle- ment of the town and county went a long ways toward keeping ofE the hard times that usually pressed so hardly upon the new settlements, and to that extent gave Huntington an advantage over her neighbors. Of the Indians who were privileged to remain, the most noted was Francis ta Fontaine, or Chief La Fontaine as he was gener- ally called. La Fontaine's Indian name was To-pe-ah. He was born near Fort Wayne in 1810. He was married at about the age of twenty or twenty-one to Catharine the daughter of JohnB. Richardville, whose Indian name was Pin-ge-ugh. Manifesting great interest in the welfare of his tribe, he be- came very popular, so that in 1841 he was elected principal chief of the Miamis, after which his principal residence was at and near Huntington. In 1846 when the Indians removed to Kansas in accordance with the provrisions of their treaty with the United States, La Fontaine went with them, although privileged to remain; he stayed with his people until the following spring, 1847, when he started to return to Huntington. The route of return was at that time from Kansas Landing, now Kansas City, on the Mis- souri River, down that river to the Mississippi River, down that river to the mouth of the Ohio River, thence up the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash, and thence up that river to Lafayette, by steamboat, and from Lafayette to Huntington via Wabash and Erie Canal. At St. Louis on his return La Fontaine was taken sick; he continued his journey, however, until he reached La- fayette, when the disease had made such progress that he was unable to proceed further, and died there on the 13th of April,, 1847, aged thirty-seven years. His body was embalmed at La- fayette and brought to Huntington for burial, and was interred in the burial ground of the Catholic Church. He was a large, tall and robust man, weighing about 350 pounds and generally dressed in Indian costume. He left a widow andseven children, of whom two children, Mrs. Archarigle Engleman, of this city, and Mrs. Esther Washington, of Kansas, are still living. The town was incorporated by a special act of the Legis- lature of the State, February 16, 1848. The territory included within the corporate limits, consisted of the original plat, and the additions of Helvey, Johnson, Murray and La Fontaine. Dr. Able M. Lewis was the first Mayor after the incorporation. 408 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. A. F. Stewart the first recorder, and John Koche, F. W. Sawyer, Albert A. Hubble and D. S. Meyers were the first trustees. Dr. Lewis served as Mayor for three years, until March, 1851. William C. Smith was Mayor from March, 1851, to March, 1853. Marven Hecox, from March, 1853, until March, 1855. Dr. A. M. Lewis again, from March, 1855, to March, 1856. William C. Kocher, from March, 1856, until March, 1857. Henry Drover was elected Mayor in March, 1857, but served for only two' months, when he resigned, and William C. Kocher filled the remainder of the term, until March, 1858. Dr. L. C. Pomeroy was elected Mayor in March, 1858, and served until March, 1860. Frederick Kopp was Mayor for one year from March, 1860, and Joseph Z. Scott for one year, from March, 1861. William C. Kocher was elected Mayor in March, 1863, and served for three years, until March, 1865. Samuel F. Day served as Mayor for one year from March, 1865, and William C. Kocher for one year, from March 1866, and Samuel F. Day from March, 1867, to March, 1868. Benjamin F. Hendrix, from March,- 1868, to March, 1869. Peter L. Paullus, from March, 1869, to March, 1870. William Brown, from March, 1870, to March 1871. Porter Ayres was^ elected Mayo* in March, 1871, but resigned on April 16th, follow'ing. Richard A. Curran, served out the balance of the year until March, 1873. William M. Thomas, was Mayor from March, 1873, to March, 1873. George W. Stultz was elected mayor in March, 1873. On the 17th day of September, 1873, the town having the requisite population therefor, and the people having voted in favor of the same with only two dissenting votes, the town was re-incorporated as a city, under the general laws of the state authorizing the same, and Mr. Stultz was re-elected and con- tinued to serve as Mayor of the city until May, 1878. Samuel F. Day was elected Mayor in May, 1878, and served for two years. Lawrence P, Boyle was elected Mayor in May, 1880, and served four years until May, 1884, when Samuel F. Day was again elected and is still serving the city as its Mayor to the very general satisfaction of its citizens. The principal business part of the town was first located on West Market and State Streets from the store of Dr. Fate, (Daniel Shepper's property) eastward to Jefferson Street. After the completion of the canal, " boat stores " and other places of business sprung up along the canal between the middle and upper locks; the middle lock was just below the basin at Shearer's warehouse, and as the county improved and grain be- gan to be brought in for sale, to be shipped on the canal, a large :.f 1 -.«"■ -tsf' *M ' ^. r ^',-!j. ^./2 '-C C>C/_^_ f-'C^/CL.C^ CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 411 portion of the business was done by the stores near the canal, the business houses extending northward on Jefferson Street from the Market Street crossing and eastward along Matilda street with a few stores on Washington Street. The erection of the stone hotel, known for many years as the " Rock House, " on the southeast corner of the present school house lot in the year 1835, by Gen. John Tipton, and of the large brick building, yet standing, on the opposite corner of the street in the year 1841, and the two large wareho'ises on the canal on. opposite sides of Warren Street, gave that portion of the town a large share of the business for many years, the business houses, at the lower end of West Market and State streets being gradu- ally abandoned, with the exception of the brick hotel knowm as the American House, owned at the present time by the Misses. Ayer, which had been erected in 1844, and still continues to com- pete for the hotel business. The location of the Wabash Railroad on the then south side of town, together with the gradual decay of the canal turned business southward along Jefferson Street, giving that street the business supremacy it still maintains. The construction of the Chicago & Atlantic Railroad and the round house shops, yards etc., in the east end of the city has extended the business portion of the city eastward along Market, Franklin and Warren Streets. The many manufacturing establishments located in different parts of the city are referred to under their proper headings. The continued growth of the city is shown by the large and numerous additiorfs that have from time to time been made to its platted territory and corporate limits. The first addition to the original plat was laid out by David Johnson, August 29, 183r3, and lies eastward from the original plat along the river and south of State Street. On April 2i, 1837, Champion Helvey platted that part of the city lying north of State Street and south of the Wabash Railroad and Briant street, east of the original plat, and it is known as Helvey's addition. January 29, 1838, Capt. Elias Murray added an addition that lies east and adjoining Byron street in the northeast part of the city. The Indian Chief Francis La Fontaine, laid out La Fontaine's Addition on the west of the original plat, October 24, 1846. Louis Hitzfield's first addition was laid out on the east side of the original plat in the northwest corner of Section 14, in Janu- ary, 1856. The first addition south of the river in the Third Ward, or Drover's Town, was laid out by Henry Drover, August 23, 1857, on a part of the fractional southwest quarter of Section 15, and included about twenty acres. May 23, 1859, Mr. Drover added largely thereto, including parts of Sections 15 and 22. . April 14, 1863, Mr. Drover subdivided 160 acres lying west of his other additions into out lots. 7 413 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. March 1, 1859, John Roche laid out Roche's addition west and north of La Fontaine's Addition, WiUiam Paul and Christian Koster platted Paul and Koster's addition out of a part of Lot 4, in Tract 2, of the Richardville Reserve, February 11, 1860. And John Roche laid out his railroad addition east of the origi- nal plat and north of the Wabash Railroad, Feburary 16, 1861. October 27, 1862, John Hough, of Fort \Vayne, laid out his ad- dition of out lots, in the northwest quarter of Section 11, on a part of which the round house and shops of the Chicago & Atlan- tic Railroad are now situated. And February 10, 1863, Josiah S. Sabin laid out his addition of out lots in the northeast quarter of Section 11. January 34, 1864, Swing's addition of out lots were laid out east of the then city limits, now nearly all included in Col. Briant's factory, saw mill and yards, and in Briant & Beppus' subdivision's, and the Chicago & Atlantic depot grounds, yards and right of way. Daniel Kitt's addition in the southeast part of the city, adjoining Drover's additions was laid out in Sep- tember, 1865. January ]8, 1866, Andrew J. Schlosser platted an addition in the southwest quarter of Section 14, east of Drover's addition. James M . Bratton platted a part of Section 15, east of Drover's Addition, April 16, 1867. Thomas La Fontaine's addition formed out of a part of Lot 1, in Tract 3, of the Richardville Reserve was laid out April 6, 1866. Hawley's addition, lying east of Murray's addition in Section 10, was laid out in May, ls66. Joseph Niley's addition, adjoining Murray's and Hawley's ad- dition was platted April 13th, 1867. George J. Bippus' addition of out lots in the southwest quarter of Section 23 was laid out February 29th, 1872, and his second addition of out lots in the northeast quarter of said section, April 37th, 1873. R. C. Mayne's first addition lying east of Schlosser's addition, was added to the city August 15th, 1873. William Gr. Foust laid out Foust's addition in the northeast part of the city, east of Hitzfield's first addition, September 5th, 1874. George R. Corlew's addition, adjoining Drover's addition on the south was laid out May 31st, 1875. George Favorite's addition of out lots west of Drover's out lots was platted January 15th, 1876. George J. Bippus' addition m Section 14, east of Mayne's ad- ditions, was laid out July 17, 1876. Louis Hitzfield's second and third additions were laid out in January, 1877, and are now wholly included in the yards of the Chicago & Atlantic Railroad. R. C. Mayne's second addition, lies east of his first addition, and was laid out December 31, 1877. CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 413 Henry Drover's fourth addition, in part of Section 15, was added to the city, June 3, 187S. Charles H. Nix laid out a part of Section 10, north of Murray's and Hawley's additions, July 17, 1880. The administrator of James Whitestine's estate laid out Whitestine's addition, June 30, 1882. George J. Bippus' second addition, in Section 14, lies east of his first addition in said section, and was platted August 17, 188^. B. Eisenhauer's addition was formed from a part of Lot 1, in Tract 2, Eichardville Reserve, in the northwest part of the city. May 13, 1883. Dr. F. S. C. Grayston's addition to the city was laid out upon a part of the northeast quarter of Section 14, in the east part of the city, June 13, 1883. July 10, 1883, Caroline M. Lehmeyer laid out her addition in Section 15, west of Drover's fourth addition. Timothy Collins' first addition is in part of Tract 7 of the Eichardville Reserve, was platted September 7, 1883, in the north part of the city. Drover's fifth addition, south of Drover's other additions, was laid out September 29, 1883. R. C. Mayne's third addition lies east of his second addition and was platted October 20, 1883. Mrs. Agnes McFarland's addition, lying east of Grayston's Addition and north of the Wabash Railroad, was laid out October 16, 1883. John A. W. Kintz's addition, including and replatting a part of Nix's Addition, was laid out in Section 10, north of the city, December 4, 1883. S. H. Purviance's Heirs' addition was platted south of Drover's additions, March 18, 1884. Charles Foster's addition, on First Street, in the northeast part of the city, was platted May 3, 1884. Dr. D, S. Leyman's addition, on a part of Tracts 2 and 22, in the Eichardville Reserve, in the north part of the city, was laid out July 25, 1885. John McCarthy's addition in said Tract 22, February 23, 1886. George J. Bippus' addition in the east half of the northeast quarter of Section 14, east of Grayston's addition, was laid out May 31, 1886. _ J. W. Purviance's addition, south of Purviance Heirs' addi- tion, was laid out by the administrator of his estate June 3, 1886. George J. Bippus' Englewood addition, on Mt. Etna Avenue, south of J. W. Purviance's addition, was laid out September 28, 1886, and his addition of a part of the northeast quarter of Sec- tion 14, east of Ewing's addition, September 28, 1886. Drover's Sixth addition south of Drover's other additions was laid out in October, 1886 and Catherine Giphart's addition east of Grayston's addition, December 3, 1886. There has also been a large number of subdivisions of out 414 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. lots and other parts of the above additions that are not given. The territorial area of the city is about 2.500 acres, extending for two and one half miles east and west, up and down Little River, and about about two miles north and south. The little town was almost depopulated in the summer of 1849, by that dreadful scourge of the East, the Asiatic cholera. Its dread- ful approach gave rise to the first Board of Health. The Board was appointed by the Common Council of the town, and consisted of Drs. C. D. Thayer, A. M. Lewis and F. W. Sawyer, and Messrs. John Eoche and M. Crum, and they were given authority to take such necessary measures as they might deem best to prevent the appearance of the cholera, or to mitigate its severity if it should appear; the records do not disclose how faithfully the Board dis- charged its duty, but we readily believe they did all that could be done under the circumstances. But no human power could prevent the dread disease, and it is of record that two members of the Board of Health, Dr. Thayer and Mr. M. Crum were among its victims. Victims of the disease generally died in great agony, within twenty-four hours after the attack. On the first appearance of the disease a great many of the citizens of the town who could do so fled to the country or to other places where the disease did not exist, business men closed their places of business, and families left their dwellings in ter- ror of a disease that literally wasted at noonday, and for the time being the little town was a place of mourning. Those who could not leave, and a faithful few who would not leave the sufferers to their fate remained in the town, but trade and busi- ness were almost entirely suspended. There were thirty-two deaths in the town, among whom were J. S. Hendryx, an attorney-at-law, and a member of the town council. Dr. Thayer and M. Crum, above named, of the Board of Health, and others. A sad romance is related of the last vic- tim who died of the disease, a Mr. Charles FoUett, of Ohio. He was a young man of wealth and high social position and had come to the town to fulfill a marriage engagement with an esti- mable young lady residing here; he arrived in the town on Wednesday, the marriage ceremony having been fixed to take place on the following Sabbath, but on Friday night, after his arrival, he was taken sick with the prevailing disease, at his hotel, died on Saturday, and was buried on the Sabbath that had been set apart for his happy union with the bride of his choice. After the epidemic had ceased, the citizens who had left the town during its prevalence returned, business houses were re- opened and the vacant dwellings again occupied, people from the country who had avoided the town came again to trade, and grad- ually the prosperity and progress of the town, that had been temporarily eclipsed, returned, and the fearful scourge was a thing of the past. Five years afterward, in 1854, the epidemic returned and the CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 415 former scenes of death, suffering, terror and flight were repeated; the faithful few again remained at the post of duty. The vic- tims from the citizens of the town numbered twenty-eight, but among the laborers at work on the Wabash Railway, then in course of construction through the county, the disease was more fatal and upwards of one hundred of them fell victims to its ravages. After the subsidence of the disease in the early autamn the citizens who had fled from its approach again returned, business was resumed and the town again entered upon its course of prosperity, which happily was not again interrupted by any epi- demic until in the winter of 1872, when the small-pox in the course of a few weeks, caused the death of twenty-two citizens of the city, of whom was Dr. John G. Williams, the physician who was called to attend the first case, but through the prompt, energetic and efficient efforts of the Board of Health and the municipal authorities, the disease was rapidly quarantined, and soon ceased to exist. Since then there has been no attack of any epidemic disease. Baptist Church. — The First Baptist Church, of Huntington, was organized in May, 1811. In January preceding twelve mem- bers of the Baptist Church, of ISTew Carlisle, Ohio, came together as a Baptist Colony from that place to Huntington. They were: H. J. Betts and Nancy P. Betts, his wife; Ctiarles Taylor and wife, Hugh Montgomery and wife, and their daughters, Lucy and Elizabeth; S. P. Barnes and John Kenower. In the organ- ization of the church they were joined by brother and sister Holliwell, lately removed from Milton, Wayne County, Ohio, and the church organized with these fourteen members. Of these fourteen constituent members three are still living in the city and are members of the church they helped to organ- ize, namely: Mr. William Taylor, Deacon; John Kenower and Mrs. Ehzabeth Purviance, formerly Elizabeth Montgomery. H. J. Betts was the first clerk and one of the most active members of the little church from its organization until his death which occurred in September, 1841. His widow afterward married the late Judge William Shearer, father of Postmaster Maj. Shearer, and continued an active member of the church until her death in 1885. The first pastor was Rev. David Lewis, and services were held the first and third Sabbaths in each month, the church to pay the pastor "whatever they could;" the amount expected was probably not large. The pastor resigned in November following and the church was supplied with preaching occasionally, until July, 1842, when George Sleeper, a young man not yet ordained, was called to preach to the church. His compensation was to be $150 in money and boarding for himself and horse. He to give half his time to the church. 416 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. In October following the young preacher was regularly ordained and served the church faithfully for four years. In April, 1843, Charles Taylor, John Kenower and H. J. Betts were appointed a committee to take measures to secure the erec- tion of a house of worship. The house was built of brick, was 34x45, one story, but was not completed until 1847, and cost $700. The building is still standing where it was originally built, nearly opposite the American House, on West Market Street. The little brick building was occupied by the church until,. 1867, when it was sold and the proceeds invested in the present spacious church building on East Market Street. This building was begun August 12, 1866, and was dedicated August 9, 18h8. It is of brick, 40x66, with a tower and spire in front 127 feet in height. There is a frame addition to the church in the rear, 34x45, for Sabbath School and social meetings, with a wing, 19x22, for the pastor's study and infant class room. Th& whole property is worth $10,000. The church also own the lot in the rear of the church upon which they have erected a neat parsonage worth §2,000. In the erection of the new church and parsonage, while each member of the church did all he reasonably could, it is but fair to state that to Deacon John Kenower belongs the credit of bear- ing the larger portion of the expense, and for their successful completion. It may, indeed, be truthfully said of the now white haired old deacon that during all the forty -six years he has been a member of this church, that he "he has done what he could."^ The Sabbath School connected with the church was organized soon after the formation of the church and has always received the earnest care and support of the membership. It is now pre- sided over by Mr. John Mangus with an average attendance of over 100. The church membership at this time is 115. The pastors in charge of the church have been, David Lewis,, from July, 1841, to November 1841. George Sleeper, from July, 1843 to November, 1846; Able Johnson, from January, 1847 to October, 1847; Eli Reese, from January, 1848 to April, 1850; H. S. Skinner, from September, 1850 to September, 1852; W. B. Miller, from January, 1858; J. B. Chamberlain, from January, 1858 to October, 1859; James Goodrich, from October, 1859 to September, 1862; C. A. Haven,^ from January, 1863 to February, 1864; A. Virgil, from July, 1865; to February, 1866; Charles Morton, from April 1, 1866 to July, 1867; S. A. Kingsbury, D. D., from November, 1867 to July, 1869;. C. A. Clark, from July, 1869, to May, 1871; S. A. Kingsbury, from September, 1871 to January, 1873, J. C. Barkholder, from Oc- tober, 1873 to April, 1876; G. P. Osborne, from April, 1876 to April 1879; Kline, from 1880 to 1882; George H. McDowell, from 188- to 188-; George A. Starkweather, from June, 1885; to July, 1886j and Parmenter, the present incumbent, since Septembbr, 1886. CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 417 Two of the pastors were ordained while servino: the church, namely George Sleeper, October 29, 1843, and Eli Reese, January- IB, 1848. Presbyterian Church. — The First Prebysterian Church was or ganized in Huntington, November 11, 1843, by Rev. Samuel Steele and Rev. Thomas Anderson, in the old court house, with William Steele, Nancy L. Steele, James C. Best, Jane Best, Catherine McClellan, Phebe Anderson, Belinda Anderson and Philander Anderson, as constituent members. Of these eight, two are yet living in the city and are members of the church, namely, Mrs. Nancy L. Steele and Mrs. Belinda Moore, nee Belinda Ander- son. William L. Steele was ordained the first Ruling Elder, Jacob Kenower, who had united with the church upon letter from the church at New Carlisle, Ohio, was elected and ordained as the second Ruling Elder in December, 1843. The church for a time used the court house for church services, afterward, through the generosity of the Methodist Church, they were permitted to use their house of worship until the increasing membership of that church made it impracticable for two congre- gations to occupy the same house. The church then occupied a second story hall on Jefferson Street for about two years, when the owner of the building con- verted the hall into other uses. The congregation for a time then accepted the use of the Christian Church, until that organization demanded the use of their house for all the time. Houseless and homeless, the little band resolved to put their efforts together and build a house of worship for themselves. In 1844, Judge Hanna, of Fort W ayne, had given the society a lot in the city. This was sold, and in 18G1 the present site of the church building was purchased, and by the aid of the Church Erec- tion Society, the present neat and convenient church building was erected thereon and dedicated in July, 1864. The building is brick, has a seating capacity of 400, and cost $i,000. It is related of old Elder Kenower, who throughout all the changing locations of the congregation, had carried hymn books, communion service, and whatever else was needed, to the differ- ent places of worship, when he brought the books, and other things that had been his care so long, into the new building, that he exclaimed with tears in his eyes, "Thank God I am done car- rying books; we are at home now and I have lived to see it." Father Kenower, as he was familiarly called, was for a time the only male member of the church residing in the town, and the church was spoken of as " Father Kenower and his flock.'" He was Elder and Sexton during all this time and chorister for twenty-three years before his death, in August, 1866. The church history would be incomplete without a short notice of another of the old members of the church who is yet faithful in her attendance, and teacher of the infant class in the Sabbath School. 418 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Mrs. B. A. Moore is one of the original eight members and throughout all the years since its organization has been one of the most active and efficient of its members. She helped in the organization of the Sabbath School in 1844, was one of the first teachers and has taught a class ever since, being at present and for a number of "years past teacher of the infant class. Forty- three years a teacher and still at her post, beloved and honored by all who know her. The church at its organization was 'New School and Anti- slavery. It was connected with the Logansport Presbytery, which at that time embraced all Northern Indiana. The Presby- tery was afterward divided and the Huntington Church was con- nected with what was- then and is yet known as the Fort Wayne Presbytery. The first pastor. Rev. Thomas Anderson, served the church faithfully until 1848, wben he was compelled to resign on account of failing health, but he continued to occasionally preach for the church until near the time of his death in 1853. From that time until 1857 there was only supplies by different Presbyterian clergymen, among whom were Revs. James Carnahan, James Thompson, Cirftis, Hawes, A. W. Freeman, Charles Beecher, F. T. McCabe and Dr. Henry Lit- tle, the Pioneer Home Missionary of Indiana for the Presby- terian Church. After the union of the old school and new school churches was decided upon by the general assemblies, the Board of Trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of Huntington, and the Trustees of the Rock Creek Township Church of Huntington County, agreed upon a plan of union of the two churches which was unani- mously adopted at a general meeting of the two congregations. The Sabbath School of the church has always been watched over by the members with tender care. It was organized in 1844; Elder Jacob Kenower was Superintendent of the school from its organization to the date of his death in 186B. Since then Elder H. B. Sayler, Dr. A. H. Shaffer, Elder Henry Hessin, U. D. Cole, William H. Much, Theodore K. Caldwell and S. M. Sayler, the present eflicient incumbent, have successively held that office. The school has an average attendance of 125. The infant class alone, taught by Mrs. B. A. Moore, having a large membership. The present membership of the church is 156. The pastors who have served the church at different times were Rev. Thomas Anderson, from 1843 to 1853; Rev. John Fair- child, from 1856 to 1868; Rev. S. Bissel, from 1858 to 1860; Rev. James A. Veal, from 1860 to 1865; Rev. W. C. Smith, from 1865, to 1869; Rev. S. B. Whitcomb, from 1870 to 1871; Rev. C. McCain, from October 1871 to 1874; Rev. J. K. -Kost, from 1875 to 1879; Rev. Henry Nove, from 1879 to 188.i; Rev. Paul C. Thyholdt, from 1882 to 1883, and Rev. James C. Burt, from 1884 to 1886. The church is at present without a pastor, but will doubtless call one at an early date. CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 419 The present Ruling Elders are Henry B. Sayler, Samuel Mc- Caughey, George G. Favorite and Andrew Mattern. Methodist Church. — The plan of general government controll- ing the Methodist Churches, necessarily connected that church in Huntington, with other Methodist Churches, with which it was at different times joined in " the circuit." The Puru Circuit was founded in 1838, embracing all the territory along the Wabash River, east of Roanoke. In the spring of 1839, the Presiding Elder, Rev. George Bus- wick appointed Revs. S. Reed and Enoch Holdstock, to supply this circuit, and the first preaching was had by this denomin- ation in Huntington, in the old log school house, in May, 1839. There were no Methodist families here at the time, and the preachers went four miles north of the town, to Clear Creek, to stay over night; whether they did this from choice, or because the good people of the town would not entertain them, is not stated. Several Methodist families having moved into the place a class was formed in 1840. In 1846, Lewis W. Byron, John S. Hendryx, John R. Snyder and Samuel Moore, were the Board of Trustees of the church, and pur- chased Lot No. 17, in the original plat of the town, upon which the society erected a neat and commodious frame church building, which was occupied until 1867, when it was sold and the property purchased, upon which their present large and well arranged house of worship stands. The new building was completed and dedi- cated, in 1869, and has been occupied by the society ever since. Since the occupancy of their present building, the church has been blessed with great prosperity; numerous additions have been made to the membership from time to time, until at the present time they rejoice in the largest membership and congre- gations of the Protestant Churches of the city. Since 1851, the pastors in charge have been : Dennis B. Clary, from 1851 to 1852; Samuel C. Swazey, 1858; E. Maynard, 1854-5; P. F. Miller, 1856; A. S. Kilnman. 1857; E. S. Preston, 1858; R. J. Smith, 1859; S. L. Sanford, 1860; E. F. Hastey, 1861; R. Toby, 1863; W. R. Edmundson, 1863-4; Charles W. Miller, 1865-7; W. E. McCarty, 1868-9-70; A. Greenman, 1871 to 1873; W. R. Kistter, 1874; C. E. Disbro, 1874, to 1878; A. Biown, 1878-9; M. Mahin, 188Cf-81-8;i; 1883-4; M. A. Teague, 1885-6, and Rev. C. Y. Hill the present incumbent, 1S87. The church membership is now 310, and the value of the church property is $15,000. The Sabbath School connected with the church, is justly the pride and hope of the church, and has always received" the active, zealous and intelligent support of the membership; a veritable nursery of the church. It is at present under the efficient superintendency of Peter W. Zent, Esq., aided by an able corps of teachers, and has the unusually large average attendance of 350. _ United Brethren in Christ. — The earliest representative of this denomination in this vicinity was the Rev. D. Eby who 420 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. preached at private houses and in school houses in the country around Huntington without any regular organization, in the year 184i. He was followed by two missionaries of the Muskin- gum, Ohio, Conference, Revs. John Hill and John Hoffman, in 1843 and in 1844. Rev. John Terrell, another missionary, blazed his way through the woods from North Manchester, in Wabash County to the Slusser neighborhood in Warren Township, this county, and from there soon afterward came to Huntington and organized a church in that year. The original members were Michael Houseman and Mary, his wife; Nancy Houseman; John Houseman and wife, and Mary Ann their daughter; George Whitistine and Catherine, his wife; Mary Whitistine; Mahala Whitistine; John Morrison; Philip Anmock an d wife; George Anmock and wife, and their daughters, Lydia and Mary; John Anmock and wife; Martin Hull and wife; David Miller and wife, and their daughters, Mary and Lucinda. John Houseman was the first class leader. Although the number of members was large at the organiza- tion of the church for that day, yet the church thus organized continued to exist but a few years; death and removals being the principal causes of their disintegration. In the winter of 1874-5 Rev. George Sicafoos, of the St. Joseph Conference, and a man of great ability and influence held a series of meetings in the interest of this denomination, which resulted in gathering together of some seventy -five members, including converts, and the re -organization of the church in the spring of 1875. The church shortly afterward purchased the building formerly occupied by the Methodist Church on West Matilda Street, which, after some repairs were made, is a neat and com- modious house of worship with a seating capacity of 250. The Rev. Sicafoos continued in charge of the new church until September. 1877, when he was succeeded by Rev. John R. Brown until 1879. Rev. A. W. Snepp was pastor from 1879 to 1881; Rev. J. H. Simons from 1881 to 1884; Rev. J. L. Goshert from 1884 to 1886, when the Rev. A. M. Cummins, the present incumbent, began his labors with the church. The church property is valued at §3,000. The present membership is over 100 and steadily in- creasing. The Sabbath School has an average attendance of seventy-five and has been for a number of years past under the superintendency of James M. Hatfield, Esq. Mr. Hatfield is a prorhinent member of the Bar of the Huntington Circuit Court. Christian Church. — The first organization of this chuich took place on the 13th of April, 1845, with the following mem- bers, namely: Ebenezer Thompson, Mary A. Thompson, Eliza- beth M. Bagley, Miss Mary Ann Thompson, Ann P. Slack, AmziD. Meese, Rebecca Ann Meese, Susanna Wilcox, Elias Croft, Maria Croft, Persis Croft, Ann Boles and Melinda Boles. Ebenezer Thompson was the first member of this deuomina- CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 431 tion in this vicinity. He removed from Bracken County, Ken- tucky, in 1839. Elder Evan Thompson, a nephew of Ebenezer Thompson, preached for the new church, part of the time occa- sionally and part of the time regularly, as the church was able to pny him, until about 1852. From 1852 to 1860 the church had preaching for the greater part of the time regularly, by Elders H. St. John, Van Dake, John C. New, Wharton, G. B. Mullis, Daniel Franklin and Benjamin Franklin, assisted occasionally by Elders Samuel Shortridge, James Hadsell and R Faurot, who did effecient service for the church. From 1860 to 1864 Elders W. B. Hendryx and Zeph W. Shepherd served the church regu- larly for the most of the time. On the 12th day of August, 1866, Elder L. Berry Smith, the present pastor in charge, entered upon his duties, and has re- mained at his post continuously ever since, with the exception of the year 1873 — thus giving us living evidence that a preacher can remain twenty years with a congregation and in a com- munity with a constantly growing confidence and influence. We wish we could truthfully record more such instances among the churches and pastors of our city. Bro. Smith, like the Shunamite mother, " lives at home with his own people," be- loved by his own congregation and respected by the whole com- munity. His familiar form and pleasant smile have almost become a part of the religious life of the city, and we are sorry to see him growing old. The flrst church building was erected in 1851, and was occupied by the society until 188-, when it was sold to the Temperance Organization and removed to the rear end of their lot, where it yet remains in the possession of that organization. The present substantial and convenient brick house of worship was erected and dedicated in 188-. It is situated on the corner of Frankin and Guilford Streets and is an ornament to the city. German Reformed Church. — -St. Peter's Congregation, of Huntington, was organized in January, 1857, the first-officers be- ing Henry Drover, Sr., Frederick Blum, and William G. Faust, Elders; Harmom Borchers, George Fahl, and Jacob Shearer, Deacons; Conrad Peipenbrink and Daniel Shearer, Trustees. This church is a member of Zion's Classis of Synod of the Northwest, which forms a part of the German Reformed Synod, of North America. St. Peter's congregation held their services for two years after their organization in a hall, in the city. In May, 1859, Henry Drover, Sr., presented them with the grounds upon which their present church buildings stand, and in December following their handsome brick church was dedi- cated. In 1869 a school house and parsonage were erected; the prop- erty of the congregation being now worth $10,000, and is all sit- uated in the Third Ward of the city. The pastors of the church have been: First, Rev. N. Spiess, 432 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. second. Rev. John Brecht, third. Rev. I. B. Ruhl, fourth. Rev. P. Vitz; fifth, Rev. P. H. Dipple, and sixth, the present pastor. The present membership is about 400, and the church is noted for its quiet but steady and continuous work. Catholic Church. — The missionaries of the Catholic Church have always been among the earliest to penetrate the wilder- ness, in all parts of our country, and sow the seeds of religion that paved the way for civilization, regardless of personal danger and hardship. Regarding the " labor of love" as para- mount to a systematic record of their doings, their deeds are for the most part, known only by tradition. In the early history of the church at Huntington and in fact, long before there was any established church here, the early missionaries visited the place from time to time; among the earliest of these was Rev. Stephen T. Badin, of Bardstown, Kentucky, who was here in 1834. At that time there were but five Catholic families in the neigh- borhood, namely, the families of David Johnson, Patrick John- son, Michael Kennedy, Martin Roche and Michael Doyle. Dur- ing the construction of the Wabash & Erie Canal through the county, many Catholics were employed, a few of whom pur- chased property and became citizens. Father Badin while here, procured the donation to^the church, of the lot of ground on which the present church buildings stand, from General Tipton. At that time the nearest resident priest in the State was at Vincennes, from which place the Catholic families here, were visited the year following by Father Lalumier: and afterwards by Fathers Ruff and Miller, from Fort Wayne. In 1839 Father Julian Benoit came to Fort Wayne, and shortly afterward, through his efforts, arrangements were made, by "which he or one of his assistants, Fathers Rodolph and Faller, attended here regularly at stated times. From ISlfJ to 1857 this parish was attended by the resident- priests at-large in the following order: Rev. Patrick McDermot, Rev. Michael O'Flanegan, and Rev. John Regan. In 1857 Rev. Dr. Shippert became the first resident pastor of Huntington. He was succeeded by Father Fachs, and he by Father Mayer, and he by Rev. Father Steiner, who died while pastor of the church iji 1880. He was succeeded by the present beloved pastor Rev. lather Hueser. lu 1838 a hewed log church building, about 25x40, was built, but not completed until 1844, when it was plastered inside and "weather-boarded outside, presenting the appearance of a frame building. Previous to this time services were held from house to house chiefly, but sometimes in school houses. In 1849 the church was enlarged by a frame addition to one end and used for a church and school house until the present edifice was erected. The pres- ent elegant brick structure -which replaced the old church build- ing, was finished in 1866 at a cost of $30,000. It was erected CITY OP HUNTINGTON. 423' under the direct management of Father Mayer. In 1871 the steeple was raised, 185 feet high and surmounted by a gilded cross. The large clock at the base of the tower is a present to the church from the business men of Huntington. The interior of the church is elaborately ornamented, the main altar and pulpit being unusually handsome. The station pictures are done in oil and handsomely framed. They were purcha-sed in Germany. The organ is powerful and melodious. A large chapel in the basement is a very desirable addition and much used by the children of the schools. The church is named for Saints Peter and Paul; is 60x140 feet,, with a seating capacity of 1,000; is in the Diocese of Fort Wayne and under Bishop Joseph Dwenger. The present number of communicants is between 1,500 and 2,000. The Catholic School is taught in connection with the church, is graded and of the highest order, and teachers are selected with great care and the whole under the direct supervision of the Pastor. A neat and commodious parsonage is erected near the church. The whole property belonging to the church is worth $75,000. The growth of the church from its earliest days has been and is continuous; many of its members being among the ablest and wealthiest business and professional raen in the city. Evangelical Lutheran. — This church, known as St. Peter's, was organized March 2d, 1849. The first trustees were Jacob Waber, George Eicker and Gotlieb Pobler. The first members were the said trustees and Henry Erk, Nicholas Schumaker, Henry Schwartz, Fred Mohn, John Haunestein, Ernst Kuhlman, Henry Kirchoff and David Heike) . The first pastor was Rev. Augustus D. Stiger, and services were first held in the court house. The congregation began building immediately after their or- ganization and completed a small frame building on their lot on LaFontaine Street by the close of the first year, at a cost of S200. The present brick church was built on the same lot in 1873, at a cost of $13,000, with a seating capacity of 300. The present membership is nearly 200 persons, with a good Sabbath School. The church maintains its own school, which is held in the old church building, and is taught by the pastor. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church (English Lutheran). — This church was organized in May, 1876, by Rev. 0. S. Oglesby, its first pastor. Among those who were prominent in its organization may be mentioned the names of Eurias Dumbauld and Warren Dum- bauld and Jacob Miller. The church, when organized, only had twelve communicants. Rev. Oglesby continued as pastor of the church until 1880. The church was without regular services after Mr. Oglesby's departure until August, 1882, when the pr'es- 424 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. ent incumbent, Rev. George T. Cooperrider, became its pastor, there being at that time eighteen members of the church residing here. In 18S3-4 the church purchased a lot in Foust's addition to the city, and erected thereon a neat parsonage and an elegant frame church building at a cost of $3,500. The membership and congregation have steadily increased since Pastor Cooperrider's location with them. The church mem- bership is now fifty-three communicants with a congregation of 100 or m®re. A Sabbath School was organized two years ago and is in- creasing in members and efficiency, pastor and people working together in harmony in Church and Sabbath School. Evangelical Association. — This church was organized June 10, 1882, with a membership of thirteen, with Rev. W. H. Mygrants as local preacher. The first pastor was Rev. D. J. Pontius, who served the con- gregation for one year. He was succeeded by the Rev. L. B. Fisher, who continued with them for three years, and he was succeeded by Rev. J. Fisher, the present incumbent, who is now on his second year. The last two pastors have been very suc- cessful, the present membershii) numbering 108, with a flourish- ing Sabbath School, averaging an attendance of ninety, under the successful supervision of Mrs. Henry Kenner. The Society, since its organization, has erected a neat brick church building, at a cost of $4,000, and a frame parsonage, at a cost of $800. The church is hopeful and their outlook bright. A.F. & A. M. — The petition for dispensation to organize the first Masonic Lodge, in Huntington, was signed by the following brethren : A. G. Perkins, H. C. Skinner, M. J. Purviance, J. W. Spiller, S. J. Johnson, S. H. Purviance, S. Cassady and J. H. Swail. The petition was received and dispensation granted, dated January 24, Anno Lucis, 6851, signed E. Demming, G. M. The above named brethren met February 6, A. L. 5851, in the hall of La Fontaine Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and accepted the dispensation from the Grand Lodge, and organized. Bro. A. G. Perkins, as Master, Bro. H. C. Skin- ner, Senior Warden, Bro. M . J. Purviance, as Junior Warden, and commenced work. W. H. D. Lewis was thefirst petitioner for degrees; his petition was received, and he was the first elected to receive the degrees of the lodge. At the May session of the Grand Lodge, a charter was granted, dated May 30, A. L. 5851, constitutmg them a lodge under the name of "Mystic Lodge, No. 110," A. F. & A. M., with the following officers : J. M. Spiller, W. M.; A. A. Hubble, S. W.; W. H. D. Lewis. J. W.; J. Alexander, Treasurer; J. H. Swail, Secretary; W. Hicox, S. D.; S. Cassady, J. D.; S. W. Hawley, Tiler; and for Stewarts, S. J. Johnson and J. W. Purviance. The CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 425 following members, with the above officers, then constituting: the lodge : M. J. Purviance, S. H Purviance, H. C. Skinner, A. G. Perkins, B. Lassell, H. Brown, W. H. Seeley, J. Wiley, J. Ziegler, E. Murray, J. M. Bratton, J. R. Coffroth, H. Kilander, S. Trusler, and E. G. Frame. The following persons have served as Worshipful Masters: John R. Coffroth, Dr. W. B. Lyons, J. W. Purviance, J. S. Gosham, J. M. Bratton, J. E. Stephens, J. Mangus, J. Snyder, J. M. Hilte- brand and W. J. Hilligas. In 1874, Amity Lodge, No. 483, was organized in this city, from members of Mystic Lodge, with George Emerickas, W. M.; LaGrange Severance, S. F. Day, R. Simonton, J. M. Bratton and S. D. Baker, have also served the lodge, as Master. Huntington Chapter No. 27, Royal Arch Masons. — This chap- ter was organized on the 27th of June, 1854, at Masonic Hall, in Huntington. The organized members were John R. Coffroth, A. A. Hubble, Joseph Wiley, S. J. Johnson, William Stewart, Samuel McCaughey, John Alexander, James High and JamesM. Bratton. The first degrees were conferred upon Dr. F. S. C. Grayston, W. B. Lyons, George Corlew, Jesse Davies, W. H. D. Lewis and Joseph W. Purviance. Companion John R. Coffroth was ap- pointed first High Priest and continued in charge of the chapter until 1858, when Dr. W. B. Lyons was elected High Priest, and continued to serve with credit to fraternity and honor to himself for twelve years. June 3rd, 1868, Dr. J. G. Williams was elected first officer and served until his death in March, 1872. On the 14th of June, 1872, Dr. LaGrange Severance was elected High Priest, and has filled that position ever since, except during 1875 when John Mangus served. The jurisdiction of the chapter extends over the whole county. Huntington Council No. 51, Royal and Select Masons. — This Masonic Society held its preliminary meeting, January 11, 1878, and prepared a petition to Illustrious Grand Master Butterfield for a dispensation, which was granted. The signers were Dr. LaGrange Severance, Robert Simonton, William B. Lyons, Daniel D. Swafford, S. S. Levy, Leopold Levy, George W. Stults, Samuel D. Baker, U. D. Cole and Alfred Moore. Dr. LaGrange Severance was appointed Illustrious Master, who was succeeded by Robert Simonton, and he by James M. Bratton who is the present incumbent. Odd Fellowship.— This great benevolent institution was es- tabhshed in Huntington County by the institution of LaPontaine Lodge, Ko. 42, in Huntington, on April 22d, 1847. The charter was granted by Joel B. McFarland, then Grand Master. This lodge had Joseph Wiley, a former County Clerk, as its first E". G. Among the persons who have passed the chairs of this lodge in its early days are Joseph Wiley, Judge J. R. Slack, J. R. Cof- froth, L. P. Milligan, Samuel Davies. 426 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. The lodge was organized and held its first meetings in what was known as the old Rock House, the old-time stone tavern north of the old Wabash & Erie Canal. It afterward met for some years in the northwest corner room of thfe second story of the old brick American iiouse. The lodge existed with varying success until July 5, 1859, when, on account of internal dissensions growing out of ques- tions just preceding the V^ar, of a political nature, it surrendered its charter and was ddrmant for the next six years, but in 1865 a petition was sent in for a restoration of the charter, which was granted, and the lodge has had great prosperity ever since, until now it is one of the substantial institutions of the county. There are now only two of the original members living; these are Joseph Elder and W. N". D. Lewis, who are in-good standing and honored members of the lodge. The lodge owns property and assets worth $35,000, and has 150 members in good standing, composed of the best and solid men of the county. They own and control the beautiful Mt. Hope Cemetery, in the west part of town, which is the only pub- lic cemetery in the city. Erom this splendid lodge the following lodges have sprung, viz.: Little River, Roanoke; Salamonie, Warren; Loon Creek, Andrews; Mt. Etna, Mt. Etna; Markle, Markle; Star of Hope, Brown's Corners. From La Fontaine Lodge has been furn- ished two members for high positions in the Order. John Morgan has served as Grand Patriarch for the Encampment Branch of the Order in Indiana, and represented the State in the Sovereign Grand Lodge for two years; also, J. B. Kenner was elected Grand Master for the Grand Lodge of the Order in the state and served during 1886, bringing to the order a great revival of interest. He is now a Grand Representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge. Knights of Pythias. — Huntington Lodge No. 93, K. of P., was organized at Huntington on April 20, 1881. Grand Chancellor William N. Gillum, of Rockville, Indiana, being the instituting officer, and was assisted in the work by members of the order from Logansport, Bluffton, Richmond and Decatur. The charter members were thirty-one in number and the first officers were: E. G. Thomas, P. G; Dr. L. Severance, C. C; W. A. Jones, Y. C; J. M. Hatfield, Prelate; Henry Hilgenberg, M. of C, Mathias Sukes, M. of F.; L. T. Bagley, K. of R. & S.; S. T. Cost, M. at A.; Emmet Shanks, I. G.; D. C. Anderson, O. G., and John I Dille, Jacob Levi and Charles Mades, Trustees. The members who have served in the office of Chancellor Commander, in the order of their election, are: Dr. L. Severance, W. A. Jones, J. M. Hat- field, D. C. Anderson, T. G. Smith, John I. Dille, L. T. Baglev, J. M. Hatfield, H. M. Purviance, S. T. Cast, M. B. Stults, and Jacob Dick. These have all attained the rank of Past Chancel- lor except Jacob Dick, who is yet serving as Chancellor Com- mander, and in addition two others have attained that rank. CITY OP HUNTINGTON. 439 E. G. Thomas elected at the organization of the Lodge and Mil- ton Slates, elected at the end of J. M. Hatfield's second term as Chancellor Commander, Hatfield being already a Past Chancellor. The Lodge has been represented in the Grand Lodge by the fol- Past Chancellors: In 1883. by E. G. Thomas; In 1883, by W. A.- Jones; in 188i, by J. M. Hatfield; in 1885, by D. C. Anderson; in 1886, by Johq I Dille; and for representation for the session of 1887, L. T. Bagley has been elected. The lodge is now strong in membership, its roster containing the names of many leading citizens, is out of debt and has a little hard cash laid by for a rainy day, while the castle hall now occupied, at the corner of Market and Jefferson Streets, is one of the most elegant lodge rooms in the State. On April :^0, 1883, a number of the members assisted by Mes- dames Emmet Shanks, as Calanthe, and A. A. Adams as Nermion, and Master George Adams, gave a rendition of the Dream of Damon and Pythias, to a very large Huntington audience. Much interest was created in the order by the acceptable manner in which the play was given. From the membership of the lodge Huntington Division No. 16, of the Uniform Rank, was organized January 30, 1884. Gen. James R. Carnahan being the instituting officer. This branch of the order has added much to the prosperity of the lodge in this place. The lodge has had a fortunate career in its six years' history, so far no death having occurred among the members, although two, viz.: J. K Gesamon and E. A. Ramsey have followed their wives- to the grave. A number of the members have learned the value of a brother's watchful care while languishing upon beds of sickness, and the flood sufferer has been made to know the effect of the teachings of the great principles of Friendship, Charity and Benevolence. After the location of the Chicago & Atlantic Railway shops, and a division headquarters of the road at this city in 1883-3, flourishing lodges of the order of Railway Conductors, and of Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Brotherhood of Rail- way Brakemen were organized by the employees of the Chicago & Atlantic and the Wabash Railways. The different organizations are well maintained and supported, and are the means of affecting much good to the members thereof. There are several other societies in the city organized for benevolent and other purposes^ notably the German Benevolent Society, The Huntington Turnveren, And others of only local interest. The Press.— The first newspaper printed in Huntington was the Republican Bugle, in 1817. It was published by Thomas Smith, who did all the work himself. In politics it was Demo- 8 3i30 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. cratic, and its legitimate successor is the present Huntington Democrat. The paper was printed on one of the old-style Franklin presses. In 1859, Alexander C. Thompson, then editor and proprietor of the paper, changed its name to the Huntington Democrat, which it still retains. In 1860, Samuel F. Winters and William C. Kocher purchased the Democrat and became editors. Mr. Kocher retired in 1862. Mr. Winters was a clear, forcible writer and gave tone and character to the local Democratic organization during his con- nection with the paper. In 1877, William J. Craig, the present editor of the Indian- apolis Sentinel, and William J. Hilligas, purchased the paper of Winters, and continued its proprietors until 1884, Mr.'Hilligas having the active management, when the interest of Mr. Craig was sold to Col. I. B. McDonald, of Whitty County, and in 1885 the whole paper was sold to Messrs. William R. Emery and Benjamin F. Biliter, the present proprietors. The paper has a circulation of 1,700; is the recognized organ of its political friends; its editors and proprietors are young men of good social standing and influence, and the paper is bright and newsy. The Indiana Herald was founded by Isaac De Long and Alexander De Long in 1848, the first issue being in July of that year. The De Longs were whigs in politics and their paper advo- cated the political views of that party. Isaac De Long soon retired from the active management of the paper and the entire control of the same was taken charge of by his son A. W. De Long, who continued to own and edit it until 1869, a period of twenty-one years, covering a period of .great political excitement. Mr. De Long's political writings upon the topics of the day ■were able, original and pointed. He stated his convictions in plain language and without equivocation, moved by neither fear, favor nor affection. He is yet a resident of the city, and although not connected with the press, his pungent sentences are often seen in the city papers. In 1869, U. D. Cole and M. G. Main became proprietors, Mr. Main retiring a few months afterward and Mr. John F. Moses taking his interest. Messrs. Cole & Moses continued to manage the paper until 1875, when Mr. De Long, assisted by Alfred Moore, Esq., again took charge of it. This firm continued until October 1878, when Charles F. Filson took Mr. Moore's place, and the paper continued in their hands until in 1 882, when it was sold to Hon. James B. Kenner and Alonzo and 0. E. Mohler, who continued to own and edit it until the present stock com- CITY OP HUNTINGTON. 431 pany was formed, Mr. O. E. Mohler having the active man- agement. In May, 1887, the Indiana Herald was consolidated with the Neios-Express and the name changed to the Huntington Herald. The consohdated paper is owned by a stock company. Mr. Thad Butler, of the News-Express, and 0. E. Mohler, being the principal editors and managers. The Lime City News was established by W. T. Catchall, Esq., in 1878. It was devoted to local interests, was for a time inde- pendent in politics, but afterwards afiliated with the National Greenback Party. In 1883 it passed into the hands of D. B. Hoover, Esq., and was continued as a local Independent paper, until January 1, 1886, when Mr. Hoover and Thad Butler, Esq., publisher and proprietor of the Andreiv's Express; consolidated the two papers under the name of the News-Express, and issued the same from the News' office in Huntington. • During the political campaign of 1886, the News-Express took an active part in the local politics of the county as a republicaa paper. In May, 1887, the paper was consolidated with the Indiana Herald. Mr. Butler, its principal editor, taking the same posi- tion in the consolidated paper. The consolidated paper has by far the largest circulation of any paper heretofore published in the city, and. is issued in daily and weekly forms. No abler local paper is published in northern Indiana. Banks. — The first banking institution in the city was the "Huntington County Bank," which began business in 1854 with a capital of §50,000. The principal part of the stock was held by James R. Weldon, of Mansfield, Ohio. The resident stockholders were John Roche, Samuel H. Purviance, Samuel Moore and Benjamin Orton. John Roche was President, James R. Weldon, Cashier, and and Thomas Roche, Assistant Cashier. The circulation was about §45,000. It did a general banking busi- ness until the financial crash in 1857, when it closed its business , redeeming its outstanding circulation in full, dollar for dollar. The First National Bank was organized September 26th, 1863, and chartered December 12th, following. The incorporators were Charles B, Culver, Samuel H. Purviance, William McGrew, John R. Coflfroth, John Roche and Thomas S. Stanfield. The capital stock was $50,000. Samuel H. Purviance was elected President, a position he held until his death, in April, 1873. , William McGrew was the first Cashier, filling that position from the organization of the bank until 1878, when he was chosen President, and is still at the head of the bank. Joseph W. Pur- viance became President in 1873, and held the office until 1878. The capital stock was increased in 1871 to $100,000. In 1883 the bank was re-organized, its first charter having expired. Mr. McGrew was continued as President; his daughter, Mrs. Frank 432 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Dick, was selected for Cashier, a position she has ably and suc- cessfully filled ever since, and Mr. B. Eisenhouer was made Vice President; he, Mr. McGrew, and Mrs. Dick, having the active management of the bank. The bank is one of the best managed of the National Banks, has undoubted credit, and does a general banking business throughout the United States, Europe and Canada. The Citizens' Bank was organized September 1, 1871, with the following stockholders: Frederick Dick, Enos T. Taylor, U. D. Cole, James B. Cole, Charles H. Nix, A. W. DeLong, Matthias Ludwig, and John Morgan. Fredrick Dick, Enos T. Taylor and John Morgan were chosen the first President, Vice President and Cashier, respectively, posi- tions which they still occupy. Since 1877 the capital stock of the bank has all been held by Frederick Dick and Enos T. Taylor. The original capital stock was $50,000, but this has been largely increased by the addition of surplus earnings. The financial standing of the institution is above question, and its managemenb is careful, energetic and successful. The bank does a large business and is deservedly popular in the community. The Manufacturing Interests of the city have contributed no inconsiderable part to the general prosperity. As the County of Huntington was originally heavily timbered with the largest growth and best qualities of hard wood, lumber and timber in various manufactured forms, have been the princi- cipal resource of manufacturing enterprise. Probably the pioneer effort in exporting lumber from Hun- tington, was made by the late John Lewis, who is said to have shipped lumber to an eastern market, via the Wabash & Erie Canal, as early as 1847-8, the amount shipped however was not large. John Kenower begun the lumber trade in 1853 and has been engaged in it almost continuously ever since. His first efforts were made in the black walnut lumber trade, then first becoming an important item in the trade. He continued to make a spec- ialty of this branch of the lumber trade, until 1875, during which time he bought and shipped an immense quantity of that kind of lumber, amounting at times to 1,500,000 feet per year. Mr. Kenower did not confine himself to the black walnut lum- ber trade alone, but in 1865, in connection with George S. Brinker- hoff, he built a sawmill, near where his mill now stands, purchasing Mr. Brinkerhoff 's interest two years afterward, and with a slight intermission, continuing the business until the present time. In 1868 a planing mill was added, and in 1878 new machinery, and again in 1880, other machinery was added, which has been still further increased, as the wants of the business required it. The firm is now John Kenower & Son, and they are justly entitled to the large share of business they receive. The stave and heading factory of Col. C. E. Briant in the CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 433 •east end of the city, was located here in 1870, and has been in almost constant operation ever since, at times running two sets of hands, keeping the factory in operation day and night. The capital invested is $40,000, and the annual output 6,000,000 staves and 1,000,000 set of heading, the manufacture of which gives employment to seventy-five workmen. The manufactured material is shipped to Buffalo, N. Y., on the east, to Lincoln, Neb., on the west, and to St. Louis, Mo., and Sherman, Texas, in the south, including all the principal intermediate points east, west and south. In 1882 a saw mill was erected in connection with the other factories, with a capacity of 2,500,000 feet of lumber per year, which gives constant employment to fifteen men. And in 1884 the bending factory was established, with a cap- acity of 8,000 feet of lumber per day, which is manufactured into all kinds of rims for buggies and wagons, and is operated with a working force of twenty-five men. The whole establishments are under the active personal sup- ervision of the proprietor. Col. Cyrus E. Briant, and is the most important manufacturing industry of the city. The plow handle and barrel hoop factory of G. V. Griffith & Son, is located on the south side ofthe Wabash Eailway track in the east part of town. This industry was established in 1869, by the senior Mr. Griffith, was removed to its present site and enlarged in 1875, and has lately been supplied with a band saw mill, the only one in use in the county. The annual output of manufactured articles is 1,500,000 of barrel hoops, and 350,000 plow handles. With the exception of the saw mill, all the machinery used in the factory is the invention of Mr. G. V. Griffith. The business gives employment to forty men. The lumber yard and planing mill of Slack & Ayres was ■established in 1875, and is located on the banks of the river in the east part of the city. The firm is composed of James R. Slack and Edwin B. Ayres. All kinds of wooden building material is manufactured, and a supply of lumber sufficient for the local market is kept con- stantly on hand. The latest and best kinds of wood working machinery is used, and a constantly increasing trade has rewarded the efforts of the proprietors. Mr. D. L. Martin & Son operate a lumber yard and wood work- ing establishment in the east part of the city. All kinds of building material for wood buildings are manu- factured and kept on hand. They are also making a specialty of a wire and slat picket fence, having lately fitted up machinery for manufacturing the •same to a large extent. 434 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Pump Factory. — Jacob Binlley's pump factory has for many years been in active operation in the city. The trade is confined to the local demand, but that is kept constantly supplied with a superior article. Spoke and Bentwood Factory. — This establishment is located on the south side of the river and was first operated by the late Henry Drover, in 1868. The raw material is supplied from the east, of hard wood native timber, and is manufactured into all kinds of spokes and bentwood materials. The value of the annual output is about $40,000. This is one of the solid establishments of the city, is owned by John J. Young, Esq., and gives work to a considerable number of em- ployees. Furniture Manufactory. — This business was established in 1846 by John Kenower. In 1863, he took his brother A. Q. Kenower into partnership, who in 1869 became sole proprietor, and has continued to operate it ever since. The establishment is' supplied with the latest improved machin- ery and gives employment to an average of ten men. The material is obtained from the native woods. The trade is confined to the local demand. The value of the annual out- put being from $15,000 to $20,000. Coopering. — This industry was established in Huntington by Eobert Black upward of thirty years ago, and is still carried on by him at his factory in the west part of the city. The material is found in the county. The business has been principally confined to pork cooperage. Wagons, Carriages and Buggies. — Henry Beaver is the pio- neer wagon maker, begining that line of business thirty-five years ago in connection with his blacksmith shop, and has continued that line of business successfully from thence to the present time; giving the business his own personal supervision. Messrs. Hall & Hendricks started their carriage and wagon establishment in 1869. They make a speciality of hand made vehicles, strong, durable and elegant, giving employment to an average of five men. The Craumer Carriage Co. was first started in Andrews in 1883; removed to this city in 1886. They do a wholesale and re- tail business in all kinds of wheeled vehicles. Have a capacity of 200 carriages per year. The proprietors are Messrs D. M. Craumer & Sons. Heading Factory. — In August, 1882, George Myers and Eli E. Allen, engaged in this business, confining their business solely to the manufacture of heading setts for the cooperage trade. The business has been fairly renumerative, and the proprie- tors are gradually increasing their stock and their facilities for working the same. They are located on the south side of the river, just east of the Chicago & Atlantic Railway tracks. CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 435 Mills and Foundries. — The first blacksmith shop in Hunting- ton was built and carried on by William G. Johnson. It was of logs, and stood on the rear end of the jail yard lot on the banks of Flint Creek. This shop was built in 1835, and to it was added a foundry on a small scale. An open fire was built of charcoal, and a blast supplied by two bellows of the ordinary kind used by blacksmiths, and worked by horse-power, each alternately, so that a constant draft was kept up. By this fire from 200 to 300 pounds of ore could be melted at a time. The modeling and moulding was doubtless equally primitive. In 185S, Morris Drummond and Avery Drummond, erected a foundry on Lot 55, vsrhich they afterward sold to P. W. Moffitt, who conducted the business with different partners until 1869, when he formed a partnership with James McCurdy and M. V. B. Gotschall, and the business greatly enlarged, and the new brick buildings erected on Lot 54. Gotschall and McCurdy afterward retired from the firm and Thomas Roche became a member, and the new firm engaged largely in the manufacture of stoves and machinery. In 1883, the whole plant passed into the hands of the present proprietor, E. G. Clayton, Esq., who has added greatly to the facilities for turning off work and largely increased the business of the concern. After selling - their foundry on Lot 55, to Moffitt, the Drum- mond Bros, erected another foundry on the banks of the canal, at the crossing of Warren Street, which they continued to oper- ate by themselves, and by other parties in connection with them, until 1873, when they were succeeded by Messrs. Cook and Speaker who operated the foundry, engaging principally in the manu- facture of plows, until 1881, when the plant was sold to Messrs. Dorn & Gemmer. These gentlemen have added largely to the business, and in the spring of 18S7 built a large and commodious foundry on the banks of Flint Creek, in the northeast part of the city, and have added new and improved machinery and facilities lo meet the wants of their increasing business. The old foundry on Warren Street has been refitted by Messrs. Newman & Yoght, two young men of enterprise and ability, and new machinery added in the early part of the present year, 1887, and already command a fair share of the business in their line. Flouring Mills. — The first mill in Huntington was owned and operated by William G. Johnson. It was a " corn cracker, " and was situated on the rear end of the jail lot over the creek. It was a small affair and was in the basement of the pro- prietor's blacksmith shop. It was run by water power furnished by a dam over Flint Creek, about where the First National bank building now stands. This mill was soon after enlarged so as to 436 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. grind wheat, and was the first "grist mill " in this part of the country. This was in 1837, and was operated in this way until 1849, when Johnson tore away the old shop, foundry and mill, and built a complete flouring mill on the same site, with three runs of stones, which was operated by different parties until 1861, when it was destroyed by fire. The Huntington Flouring Mills were built in 1861, by James Taylor, at a cost of $15,000. The mills passed through se"veral hands until they were purchased by the present pro- prietors, Arnold, Thomas & Co., 1870, who have made important additions to them and added new and improved machinery, making a specialty of "New Process Flour." They do a large and increasing business. The City Mills were built in 1869, by Uriah Fink; they were built for custom work, and have always commanded a good business. They are now in charge of Mr. John Minnick, who has put in additional facilities, and manufactures "New Process Flour " for the city trade as well as attending to the large custom trade that the mills have built up. Marble Works. — The establishment now owned and operated by N. A. Myres, near the river on Jefferson Street, was estab- lished in 1851, by Augustus Kellog, afterward passing into the hands of A. D. Turtlott, and from him to the present owner. The output is $3,000 worth per year, and is increasing. Jacob Becker & Son's marble works are situated on the banks of the old canal on North Jefferson Street; were established in 1872 and have always received a fair share of the public pat- ronage. White Lime. — The white lime trade of the city has become one of its most important industries. The first lime was burnt along the old Wabash & Erie Canal, west of the city, and shipped principally to Fort "Wayne. Large quantities of this lime was burned and shipped before the present kilns east of the city were opened. The present limestone quarries were opened in 1865. Adam Beck, James Fulton, Hawley Brothers, E. S. Wheeler, W. A. Berry, John Lillie, Michael Boltes, James Lillie, and others, were among the early operators in the east part of town, the most of whom are yet in the business. The lime manufactured is of a superior quality in strength, durability, and particularly in its pure white color. The market is to all points that can be reached in reasonable time, and rates, by rail, principally Chicago, Indianapolis and Fort Wayne. The principal part of the trade is controlled by the White Lime Association, composed of the leading operators in the business, under the active supervision of Wesley W. Haw- ley, Esq., of the firm of Hawley Bros. The output of the kilns is an average of thirty car loads per day, and the industry gives employment to about 200 men. CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 437 Flax and Jute Bagging Factory. — This establishment was started in the summer of 1876, by John Niblock, the original plant costing about $15,000. The raw material at first was almost entirely flax straw, purchased from the farmers of the sur- rounding country, of which an average of 1,000 tons per year was used. In 1880 Niblock's interest passed to Messrs. William McGrrew, President of the First National Bank, and William H. Hessin, Esq., the latter having the active management of the business. In 1886 the entire buildings and machinery were destroyed by fire. The buildings were replaced by fire-proof structures and new and improved machinery introduced. Flax straw and jute form the raw material, from which cot- ton bale bagging is manufactured. The capacity of the mill is 2,500 yards of bagging per day. The mills are kept in constant operation, giving work to an aver- age of fifty employees, and is one of the substantial enterprises of the city. Brewery. — In 1866 Jacob Boos and George Phaler started their brewery. In 1869, Boos became sole proprietor, and has operated it ever since. The plant is worth at this time $30,000, with an annual out- put of 2,000 barrels of beer. Potash Factory. — This establishment was started in 1873, by Frederick Lushing, and has been in active operation ever since. The raw material is obtained from wood ashes. The output is 100 barrels per year of the finest grade of potash. Fire Department. — There is perhaps no organization so tax- ing on the energies and pockets, as a volunteer fire department, and none deserving of more gratitude. This advance guard over the lives and property of the com- munity deserve the good will of the city and an honorable place in its history. The department is under the efficient management of Mr. Samuel Buchanan. The working force is divided into four companies, and num- bers J30 men. The equipment is two steam engines, 2,500 feet of hose, and a full supply of ladders, hooks, buckets, carts, etc., etc., and a team of trained horses. The city owns a substantial brick engine house, two stories, and surmounted by an alarm bell. There are two cisterns in the First Ward. One cistern in the Second Ward, with Flint Creek traversing diagonally the entire ward, furnishing a constant supply of water, and the river on the south end of the ward. One cistern in the Third Ward, and the river on the whole north side thereof. The cisterns are of 1,000 barrels each. 438 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. An episode in the city's history was the organization of the Huntington Mining Company, in 1866, for the purpose of pros- pecting for gold in the limestone quarries west of the city. The company was organized by several citizens of the town, and large tracts of land leased. Experts examined the limestone for- mations for traces of the precious metal, and several barrels were shipped to eastern assayists to discover the percentage of gold in the rocks, a number of speculators from abroad were in- duced to take stock, machinery was purchased, and work begun under the supervision of one of the aforesaid experts. But the dividends were on the wrong side of the ledger account and the scheme was finally abandoned, after an ineffectual attempt to strike oil, the gold having failed to "pan out," by boring on the farm of Thomas Moore, west of the city. And this oil hole that flows with pure water is all that remains of the gold excitement, except the recollections of the stockholders, whose only divi- dends were assessments to pay expenses. The natural gas and petroleum oil excitement that has de- veloped so wonderfully since the summer of 1886, caused the or- ganization of a company in Huntington for the purpose of boring for gas and oil. The company was organized in the fall of 1886, and early in 1887 sunk two wells some fifty feet into the Trenton Rock, at a cost of about S3,500, but the only effect was to denaonstrate that our city did }iot lie in the natural gas belt. The railroad interests of our city are rightly considered among the greatest of its many advantages and a short history of the inception, construction and business of the two roads that intercept each other here is necessary to a full history of the city's business interests. The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific was originally organized as the Lake Erie, Wabash & St. Louis, and located on its present line in 1852-3. When the road was first proposed, as in the case of nearly all proposed railroads, there was no well defined line laid out, except the general proposition to connect Lake Erie and the Mississippi River by railroad. The line was finally selected up the valley of the Mauniee River from Toledo, Ohio, to Fort Wayne, Indiana, but from thence to Logansport, Indiana two lines were proposed; the first line was from Fort Wayne via Liberty Mills, and thence down the Eel River Valley to Logansport. This line was several miles the shortest and ran through, at that time, a far better improved country than the other proposed line, from Fort Wayne down the Little River and Wabash Valleys, through Huntington, Wabash and Peru to Logansport. The Little River swamps and the unimproved condition of the coun- try along the latter line were arguments used with great force by the advocates of the first line against the location of the road along its present line. The Logansport friends of the road were almost unanimously in favor of the Eel River route and were ably seconded by John CITY OF HUNTINGTON. 43^ Comstock, of Liberty Mills, and other influential citizens along that line, as well as the greater portion of the business interests of Fort Wayne. The first meeting to consider the matter was held at Logansport, June 33 and 24, 1852. It was attended by representatives of both proposed lines, as well as by the friends of the road from Toledo, Ohio, and Lafayette, Indiana, and other intermediate points. The delegates from Huntington were: John Roche, Samuel Moore, David L. Shearer, L. P. MiUigan, Jesse Davies and John Zeigler, and George W. Chapman, from Roanoke. No final action was taken as to the location of the road, but general resolutions indorsing the enterprise, and pledg- ing it financial support were adopted. The resolutions as reported to the meeting did not designate upon which of the two rival routes the road should be located, and on motion of Col. Milligan an amendment to the resolutions was adopted, to the effect that the road should be located along the Little Wabash River route. And the articles of incorpora- tion so designated the route. The friends of the Eel River route immediately began taking measures looking to a re-organ- ization of the company, with the intention of locating it upon their route. As the expense of a re-organization would have been comparatively light, Mr. Roche was especially fearful that they might succeed in finally obtaining the road. To prevent which he immediately went to work with characteristic energy to obtain subscriptions to aid in the construction of the road, provided it should follow the Little River route. In these efforts he was ably seconded by Col. Milligan, Samuel H. Purviance, and other influential citizens, Mr. Roche taking it upon himself to make a thorough canvas of the town and county to secure such subscriptions, and so successful were they that at a subse- quent meeting, also held at Logansport, to finally determine upon which of the two lines the road should be located, Mr. Roche was able to lay before the meeting subscriptions to the amount of $22,000, at that time a very large sum of money, and much larger than any amount presented from any other point on either of the two lines. The sum was so exceptionally large that Mr. Azariah Boody, who was present representing the New York capitalists, who were proposing to advance the money for the construction of the road, when Mr. Roche made his state- ment of the amount, turned to Mr. Allen Hamilton, of Fort Wayne, and inquired if it was possible that such a subscription could be good. Mr. Hamilton's prompt reply was that if Mr. Roche said it was good he could rely upon it as being good. Mr. Boody then turned to the representatives of the Eel River route and asked the amount of their subscriptions; the showing on their part was very unsatisfactory, but they dilated largely upon the highly developed state of the country along their line and upon the low^ wet and undeveloped lands along Little River, and of Huntington County generally. But Mr. Boody replied that it was evident to him that a people who were willing to contribut& 440 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. $32,000 to obtain a railroad expected to use it after it was built, and the road would be constructed on the Little River line. The route was accordingly laid out upon the line of its present location, except that the original survey throufrh the city was upon a line that crossed Little River about half way between Arnold, Thomas & Go's, mill dam and the upper bridge, and thence passed down the river on the other side, through that portion of the city now known as Drovertown, or the Third Ward. The timber was cut out along this line to a point as far down as opposite the present railroad bridge, and much of the grading done, when Mr. Roche suggested to Chief Engineer Coburn, of the road, that it would be cheaper, and more convenient to citi- zens of the town, to run the line on the north side of the river down to the point where the road now crosses the same. Mr. Coburn thought so well of the suggestion that he immediately ordered a survey made of the line suggested by Mr. Roche and afterwards adopted it, and located the road through the city upon its present line, abandoning the work done on the south side of the river. Mr. Roche vras a member of the first Board of Directors of the new road. Work was begun on the road in the latter part of 1853, but the first passenger train did not arrive at Huntington until about January 1, 1866. The road has always been a favorite with the people of Huntington and the records of the company show this station to be one of the most profitable of its local sta- tions. The first accommodations of the road were, as a matter of course, rude and cheap. The first depot was the end of a wood shed boarded up, but from time to time the company added to its accommodation until at this time the company have at this point large and convenient passenger and freight depot build- ings, grain elevators, stock yards and pens, and more than four miles of side tracks to accommodate the large and growing business of the road. The Chicago & Atlantic Railroad was completed through the county during the year 1883. The importance of this line to the town can hardly be over estimated, as it affords a through line from iSTew Y ork to Chicago, and of course enables shippers to get low rates and rapid service. In addition to this the road lo- cated its shops and round house in Huntington, and the large number of men necessarily employed have contributed largely to the prosperity of the town. It is a division headquarters, and in many ways brings trade and substantial aid to the town in return for what has been done for the road by the citizens.* *No manuscript concerning -the Chicago & Atlantic Road was received in time for inser- tion in this place. HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 441 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ELI E. ALLEN, proprietor of a heading factory, and one of Huntington's prominent citizens, is a native of Summitville, Madison County, this State, and was born May 20, 1856. He was the third of nine children born to Reuben and Suphronia (Mc- Conkey) Allen, the former a native of North Carolina, of English descent, and the latter a native of Fayette County, this State, of Irish and Welsh descent. Eli spent his boyhood and early youth in his native country working upon a farm. In winter he attended the public school in which he received sufficient education to teach school, which avocation he took up at the age of eighteen. He continued to farm in summer and teach in winter, until he reached the age of twenty-two. In April, 1879, he engaged in the hardware business in Summitville, in partnership with W. H. Dobson. The interest of the latter was purchased by our subject on the 1st day of August following. He then continued the business alone until March 1, 1880, at which time his brother, John C. Allen, became his partner — the firm name being Allen Bros. On the 1st day of June, 1882, our subject sold out to his brother, and in the following August he moved his family to Huntington, where he has since conducted a heading factory. He was married in Delaware County, this State, to Jennie E. Howard, on the 25th of December, 1878. She was born in Ross County, Ohio, August 9, 1859, being the daughter of Isaiah J. and Sophia (Moomaw) Howard, both natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have had born to them two children: Clifton H., born November 3, 1879; died April 12,1880; and Harry I., born ITebruary 26, 1882. Mr. Allen is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, and a Democrat in politics. In May, 1 886, he was elected Councilman in Third Ward, and is discharging the duties of the office in a very creditable manner. EDWIN K. ALPAUGH, druggist, of Huntington, was born in Asbury, New Jersey, February 28, 1853. He was the oldest child born to John R. and Sarah H. (Ingham) Alpaugh, both natives of New Jersey. When Edwin was only three years of age his parents came westward to Indiana, and took up a tem- porary residence at Mt. Etna, this county. On account of the bad state of health in this country at that time, they returned almost immediately to New Jersey, and located at Clinton. In 1863, they again came to this county, and located upon a farm in Polk Township. There Edwin spent his boyhood and early- youth, working upon the farm. At the age of eighteen he left home and ever since that time has depended entirely upon his own resources. For a short time he worked upon a farm. In the spring of 1873, he accepted a position as clerk in a drug store at Wabash, this state. He remained there about two years. Early in 1874 he accepted a like position at Peru. He took a position 443 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. in the drug store of H. F. Drover, of this city, in the spring of 1874, and afterward clerked in a drug store in Toledo, Ohio. In May, 1876, he went to Memphis, Tenn., where he went into the employ of H. F. Smith & Co., dealers in lumber. In the spring of 1879, he returned to this city where, for a time he worked at painting. In September, 1879, he went to Toledo, Ohio, and took a course of instruction in the use of India int, for portrait work. He then returned to this city and worked as an artist, until February, 1883, at which time he engaged in the drug busi- ness. He has occupied his present place of business, since August, 1885. He was married May 17, 1882, to Sarah E. Slack, daughter of the late Judge James R. Slack, of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Alpaugh are members of the Christian Church. The former is a member of the K. of P. Order, and a Republican in politics. JOSEPH G. AMISS, a farmer of Huntington Township, is a native of Perry County, Ohio, born January 17, 1841. He was the eldest of ten children — seven sons and three daughters — born to Philip M . and Rachel (Good) Amiss, the former a native of Shenandoah County, Va., of English descent, and the latter a native of Perry County, Ohio, of Pennsylvania Dutch descent. She was a great grand-child of McClelan who was burned at the stake by the Mohawk Indians,' under their chief, Bracdt. When Joseph was eight years old, or in 1849, his parents came to this state and located in Wabash County, where his youth was spent working upon a farm in summer and attending the district school in winter. At seventeen years of age he took up the avocation of a teacher, and about the same time, in order to have profitable employment during vacations, he began to learn the carpenter's trade. He continued to teach in winter and work at his trade in summer, for about nine years, and during this time he had im- proved his education by attending school at Warsaw, and North Manchester. In the meantime, he came to this county, in the spring of 1865, and located where he now resides, in Section 23, Huntington Township. Aside from teaching a few years, his en- tire attention since that time has been given to farming and stock raising. Of the latter he has rather made a specialty. Ex- cellent specimens of Cotswolds and Berkshires may be seen upon his farm, and his herd of Jersey cattle is perhaps the best of the kind in the county. He was married December 31, 1864, to Jenny Knoop, daughter of Michael and Nancy (Sheets) Knoop, who were natives of Pennsylvania and Tennessee, respectively, and who were among the early settlers of Wabash County. The mother of Mrs. Amiss is still living, and at present makes her home with a daughter in Whitley County. Though she is now in the ninetieth year of her age, she is enjoying excellent health, and her senses and mental faculties are apparently unimpaired. Mrs. Amiss was born in Wabash County, October 13, 1843. Her marriage with our subject has resulted in the birth of four child- ren: Clara L., Emma N., Ann R., and William M., all of whom HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 443 are living. Politically Mr. Amiss is a staunch Democrat. He takes a lively interest in politics, and will use all fair means to promote the interests of his party. In the spring of 1848, he was elected trustee of Huntington Township, and served in a very creditable manner, one term. In 1882, he was made treasurer of the Democratic County Central Committee, and in the spring of 1886, he was made chairman of that organization, which posi- tion he resigaed in June of that year, to accept the nomination of his party for the oflSce of County Auditor. He made a gallant fight, becoming an honest politician, but suffered the defeat of his party. He owns a handsome farm of 120 acres where he lives, be- sides a farm of eighty acres, in Lancaster Township. He is an industrious and successful farmer, and a man in whom the public places implicit confidence. ADAM ANGLEMYER, one of the worthy and honored citi- zens of Huntington County, and one among the substantial and influential citizens of Huntington Township, is a native of Northampton County, Pa., born July 27, 1813, being the ninth of ten children — four sons and six daughters — born to Jacob and Ehzabeth (Schimmel) Anglemeyer, both natives of Pennsylva- nia, of German descent. When our subject was a child five years old his parents removed to Lebanan County, Pa., and re- sided in a village known as Jonestown for some two or three years, when they moved to Dauphin County, Pa., and settled upon a farm. There our subject spent his early youth working upon a farm. In 1831 the family came westward to Ohio and located upon a farm in Columbiana County. On the 25th day of Decem- ber, 1835, Adam Anglemyer was united in marriage to Catharine Leedy, daughter of Jacob and Barbara (Myers) Leedy, natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. She was born in Colum- biana County, Ohio, October 23,1817. In 1837 our subject and his wife removed to Mahoning County, Ohio, where they resided upon a farm until 1852, when they came to this county and lo- cated where they now reside in Section 11, Huntington Town- ship. They settled in the woods and a great deal of hard work naturally devolved upon Mr. Anglemyer in clearing up a farm. He chopped, grubbed, rolled logs, burned brush, made rails, and in fact, did all kinds of hard work which the development of a new country necessitates. The course of improvement went on and after a few years of toil the forest was converted into a good farm. His marriage has resulted in the birth of eight children, as follows: Barbara, Jacob, John, David, Adam, Catharine, Samuel and Charley. Of these, Jacob, Catharine, Samuel and Charley are deceased. Our subject and his wife are members of the Ger- man Baptist Church. In politics the former is a Republican. He is an honest, upright man, and he and wife are among the most highly respected citizens of the county. PORTER AYRES, Ex- Recorder, Huntington County, was born November 4, 1816, in the village of Ganges, Richland County, 444 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Ohio. He was the youngest son born to Daniel and Parmelia. (Buck) Ayres, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respect- ively. He spent his early life working upon a farm in his native county. March 4, 1838, he was married to Mary Newcommer. In the fall of 1838 he went to Missouri. He came to this county in November, 1843. In March, 1850, he emigrated to California, where he was engaged in mining about eight years, returning in November, 1858. His chief occupation since then has been that of a carpenter. In 1878, he was elected Recorder of Huntington County and was re-elected in 1882. Politically he is a Democrat. He was once elected Mayor of Huntington, but resigned. EDWIN B. AYRES, one the proprietors of the planing mill and lumber yard owned by Slack & Ayres, was born in the city of Huntington, August 28, 1845. He is the oldest son of Porter and Catharine (Kenower) Ayres, who settled here in 1843. He attended school during the winter time and received as good an education as the schools of this city then afforded. At the age of sixteen he began to learn the trade of a cabinet maker, having become an apprentice to John Kenower. His apprenticeship lasted until January, 1865, when at the early age of eighteen he yielded to a desire to enter the Union service. He entered Com- pany F, Forty-Seventh Indiana Volunteers, from which he was mustered out at Baton Rouge, in October, 1865. He participated in the siege of Mobile. On leaving the army he returned home and for four or five months worked at his trade as a journeyman. In the spring of 1866 he went into the employ of John Kenower with whom he remained until in January, 1876. His employment was that of a book-keeper and lumber inspector. Since the latter date he has been connected with the planing mill and lumbsr yard mentioned above. April 23, 1868, he was married to Emma Belle Leonard, a native of Wayne County, this State, born in January, 1850. To them five children have been born: Eva B., Luella, Kate, Horace L. and Edwin P. Horace L. died when about four years old. Mr. Ayres is a member of the G. A. R. and 1. 0. 0. F. Lodges. His portrait appears elsewhere in this volume. ORLANDO BARSH, a member of the firm of Mishler & Barsh, grocers, was born in Clear Creek Township, this County, April 27, 1851. He was the fifth in a family of eight children born to Philip and Eliza (McFarren) Barsh, tJie former a native of Germany, of German descent, and the latter a native of Penn- sylvania, of Scotch and German descent. The parents were mar- ried in Stark County, Ohio, about the year 1842, and in 1849 they came to this county and settled in the woods of Clear Creek Township, where the mother died in about the year 1866, and where the father still resides. Our subject spent his early_ life assisting to clear and cultivate his father's farm. In winter he attended the district school in which he received the rudiments of an education. Later on he attended the seminary at Roan- oke one term and still later he attended the graded school at HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 447 South Whitley two terms._ At the age of twenty he took up the avocation of a teacher, in which pursuit he was successfully engaged for thirteen years. During the winter of 1872-3 he fin- ished a course in a commercial school at Dayton, Ohio, and dur- ing the summers of 187-t, 1875 and 1876, he attended the normal school at Valparaiso. In the spring of 1884 he retired from the teacher's profession and during the year which followed he served as Deputy Surveyor of Huntington County, to which position he had been appointed in the spring of 1883. In the spring of 1885 he engaged in selling agricultural implements and was thus employed during two seasons. On the 1st day of February, 1887, he formed a partnership in the grocery business with John H. Mishler, to which his attention is now directed. He was married April 24, 1881, to Ginevra Farmer, also a native of Clear Creek Township, this county. She was born Septem- ber 13, 1859, being the daughter of Jose and Lydia (Black) Farmer, both of whom were born in Columbiana County, Ohio. They came to this county and located in Clear Creek Township, in 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Barsh have had born to them one child, Effie Viola, born July ]2, 1884; died February 16, 1886. Mrs. Barsh is a member of the Christian Church. Politically Mr. Barsh is a Democrat. He served in the capacity of Assessor of Clear Creek Township one term. In the fall of 1886 he was the candidate of his party for County Surveyor but failed to over- come an opposing majority. He is an industrious, pushing busi- ness man and a worthy and reliable citizen. ADAM BECK,^one of Huntington County's oldest and most highly respected citizens, is a native of Germany, and was born April 16, 1831. He was the youngest of six children born to Jacob and Catharine (Schramm) Beck, both of whom were also natives of Germany. The boyhood of our subject was spent in his na- tive country. He worked upon a farm in summer and attended school in winter, receiving a good common school education. At the age of sixteen death deprived him of his father, and at eigh- teen, or in 1849, he came with his widowed mother and one brother to America. On reaching this country they continued westward, and on the 11th day of July they found themselves in the village of Huntington, whither Nicholas Beck, an elder brother of our subject, had come in 1847. During the first year of his residence here, he was employed in a stone quarry and other- wise variously engaged. At the age of twenty he began to learn the trade of a wagon maker. This was finished in due time, and was his vocation for about sixteen years. He set up a shop of his own in 1854. In 1866, in connection with Henry Drover and William Bickel, he erected and set in operation a spoke factory, to which his attention was devoted about three years and a half. Mr. Beck then retired from the firm and since that time he has been engaged in the manufacture of lime. For the last seven years he has been connected with the White Lime y 448 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Association, which he helped to organize in 1879. April 6, 1854, he was married to Mrs. Magdalena Wittmire, who died December 16, 188Q. She was the daughter of George Henry and Magdalena Stetzel, and was born in Germany February 6, 1817. She bore to Mr. Beck six children, two of whom died in infancy unnamed. The others are Mattie, Mary M., John A. and Adam L. The third, John A., died also in infancy. On the 18th day of December, 1884, our subject was married to Mrs. Mary E. Nille whose maiden name was Mary E. Baumgartner. She was born in Adams County, this State, July 38, 1853. She was the daughter of Samuel and Vrena (Walte) Baumgartner, natives' of Switzerland. This latter marriage has resulted in the birth of one child, Harmon S., born September 30, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Beck are members of the Evangelical Church. In politics, the former is a Republican. He is an enterprising and successful business man, and an influen- tial, reliable citizen. He began life a poor boy, but through industry, economy and perseverance he has accumulated consid- erable property and is in good circumstances. ADAM L. BECK, contractor, was born in Huntington, May 9, 1863. He was the youngest of six children born to Adam and Magdalena (Stetzel) Beck, a sketch of whom appears above. His boyhood and youth were spent in this city. He attended the public school in winter, receiving a good common school educa- tion. As soon as he became old enough, he was employed during the summer time in his father's stone quarries and at the age of eighteen he was entrusted with the position of foreman, acquitt- ing himself in a very creditable manner. At nineteen, or in August, 1881, he entered the North Western Cdllege at ISTaperville, 111., where he finished a course in bookkeeping. He then returned to Huntington and resumed the duties of foreman in the quarries. This position he soon relinquished, however, and since his voca- tion has been that of a contractor. His occupation as such, dates from his twentieth year. Though quite youthful to assume the responsibilities incident to this calling, he has proven himself equal to every emergency and has earned for himself a very credit- able rank among his senior competitors. He possesses energy, integrity and good judgment and deservedly enjoys the full con- fidence of the public. He is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. JACOB BECKER, one of the old and honored citizens of Huntington, is a native of Prussia, and was born July 35, 1834. He was the oldest of five children — four sons and one daughter — born to Jacob and Elizabeth (Loch) Becker, both natives of Prussia. The boyhood of Jacob was spent at the home of his parents. At the age of twelve, he began to learn the trade of a stone cutter. He continued at this until he was twenty-two, when he entered the service of the Prussian Army. In this ca- pacity he continued about four years and a half. In the mean- HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 449 time, during his military service, he was married in February, 1850, to Ehzabeth Klein, daughter of Jacob and Catharine (Stoll)' Klein, both of whom were also natives of Prussia. In the spring of 1852, our subject, in company with his wife and child, his father, mother, three brothers and one sister, emigrated to Amer- ica— reaching New York City on the oth day of April. After working at his trade a short time in Williamsburg, ]S". Y., and in Wilkesboro, Pa., he, in company with the family above men- tioned, came to Huntington — arriving on the 11th day of Decem- ber, 1853. With the exception of three years — from 1873 to 1877, which was spent at Logansport — Mr. Becker has resided here ever since. His undivided attention has been given to his trade during this whole time — excepting the year 1866, during which he conducted a grocery in this city. Mr. and Mrs. Becker have had born to them six children as follows: Elizabeth, Jacob F., Nicholas, Peter, Michael J., and Margaret. The first — Elizabeth — and the third — Nicholas — died in childhood. Politically, Mr. Becker supports the principles of the Democratic party. He and wife are members of the Catholic Church. They were among the earliest German settlers of Huntington, and are among her most worthy and respected citizens. MICHAEL J. BECKER, of Huntington, proprietor of the mar- ble shop on Jefferson Street, was born in Huntington, Nove mber 39, 1859. He is the third of six children born to Jacob and Elizabeth (Klein) Becker, now residents of Huntington. He attended school after he became old enough until he reached the age of twelve, when he began to assist his father, who, by trade is a marble cutter. In 1873, the family moved to Logansport, wher e Michael and his father continued at marble cutting until 1877, when they returned to Huntington. June 15, 1882, he was mar- ried to Margaret A. Forster, also, a native of Huntington, born December 12, 1861. She was the daughter of Michael and Catharine (Klein) Forster, both natives of Germany. Our sub- ject is the father of two children: Ferdinand, born March 21, 1883, and Karl, born May 6, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Becker are members of the Catholic Church. In politics, the former is a Democrat. He is an enterprising young man and is worthy the confidence of the public. WILLIAM M. BELL was born in Huron County, Ohio, De- cember 26, 1829. He was the oldest son born to Martin and Mary (Miller) Bell, both natives of Susquehanna County, Pa. Our subject grew up to manhood in his native county, working upon his father's farm. In 1848 he accompanied his parents to Allen County, this State, and located with them upon a farm. Duringthe winters of 1850 and 1851, and 1851 and 1852, he taught school in Allen County. In the spring of 1852 he located upon a farm of his own in that county. In the summer of 1854 he sold his farm and went to Wisconsin. There he resided upon a farm 450 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. three years, when he returned to Allen County. During the next seven years he was engaged in working in a saw mill, and a part of the time he had charge of a hotel. In 1864 he be- came agent for the Wabash Eailroad Company at New Haven, Allen County, which position he held until 1869. In the fall of that year he went on a prospecting tour through the west. After six weeks spent in thi» way he returned to this state, and located in the city of Huntington. Since then he has been in the em- ploy of C. E. Briant, as bookkeeper, at the latter's stave factory. This position he has filled over sixteen years, and has discharged his duties with great credit to himself. April 4, 1853, he was married to L. Jane Whitney, a native of Orleans County, New York, and daughter of Jared and Catharine (Daniels) Whitney. She was born November 2, 18^9. Mrs. Bell belongs to the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bell is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge and a Republican in politics. He is a reliable man, an efficient bookkeeper, and a first class citizen. BEN. F. BILITER, son of William M. and Arcadia Biliter, was born in Jefferson Township, this county, March 18, 1856. He was raised on the farm and received a common school edu- cation. Taught school five winters. He entered the County Auditor's office, March 15, 1880, as assistant, and was appointed deputy, July 10, 1883, and was the Chief Deputy until the first of July, 1885, when he purchased a half interest in The Democrat from Col. I. B. McDonald, and is at present the business mana- ger of that concern. March 25, 1883, he was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie Cummings, the only daughter of Luther and Maria Cummings, of Huntington. HARVEY C. BLACK, Ex- Auditor of Huntington County, was born in Mt. Carmel, Clermont Co., Ohio, September 4, 1843. He was the son of Morris W. and Elizabeth (Martin) Black, both of whom were natives of Hamilton County, Ohio, their respective births occurring October 4, 1813, and November 35, 1813. The parents were married December 26, 1835. His paternal grand- parents were Peter and Jemima (Ward) Black, the former of whom was born at Herrod Station, Ky., November 2, 1789. He was one of a pair of twin brothers, the other of whom was named Matthias. He was married to Jemima Ward December 3, 1813, and he died April 12, 1840. His wife was born July 12, 1793, and died March 27, 1876. Both were baptised in the Baptist Church July 11, 1819. Peter Black was the son of Capt. David Black who served for six and one-half years in the Revolutionary War. He was born in New Jersey, and chose for his wife Catharine Cramer, who, also, was a native of New Jersey. Jemima Ward was the daughter of Israel and Sarah (Cook) Ward, both natives of New Jersey. Israel Ward was the son of Joseph Ward. The mother of our subject was the daughter of Joseph and Rebecca (Gerard) Martin, both natives of Pennsylvania. The former, Joseph Martin, assisted to erect the HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 451 first Baptist Church in the State of Ohio — at a time when even church worshipers had to arm themselves with shot guns. He died in Hamilton County, Ohio, at the age of eighty-two. The subject of this sketch resided with his parents upon a farm near Batavia, Ohio, from the spring of 1846 to the fall of 1856. Dur- ing the last season of their residence there, Harvey — then a lad of thirteen — took upon himself the full management of the farm, an attack of rheumatism having disable the father in the spring before. The son proved to be more ambitious than muscular, and an attack of the typhoid fever, of thirteen weeks' duration, compelled him to desist. The father then sold the farm and, in order to educate his children, moved to Cincinnati, where he engaged in business. There our subject entered school in the old Woodward College district, and continued to attend for two years. For four years thereafter he was employed as clerk in a hotel. His leisure hours, however, were spent in pursuing his studies and daring a part of the time he attended special school. Mathematics and music seemed to be the branches for which he was especially adapted, and while he yielded more or less to the latter for the sake of pleasure, his early inclinations were for the counting room. He accompanied his parents to this county in February, 1863, and for three years thereafter he assisted his father upon a farm. Later he took the avocation of a school teacher and taught, in all, seven terms with good success. He also conducted a singing school during a good portion of the time and served as chorister for Sabbath School and church. His vacations were chiefly spent working at the trade of a carpenter and cabinet maker. His motto was: " What thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might," It is noteworthy that he never took charge of a single school without first being solicited. He had a very high regard for the usefulness of woman in the teacher's profession, and would never, under any circumstances, make ap- plication for a school against a lady. At the close of his last term of school he served out an unexpired term in the county surveyor's ofQce to which he had been appointed. He was then elected to that office upon the Democratic ticket and served one term. In 1872 he took charge of the surveyor's office in Allen County, as deputy, but owing to ill health was compelled to resign the position. In February, 1873, he took charge of the books in the Citizen's Bank, of Huntington, in which capacity he continued until January 1, 1875. In October, 1874, he was elected to the office of County Auditor, and was re-elected to that office in Oc- tober, 1878. His term of office was a period of unusual improve- ment in Huntington Counjy. The county jail and infirmary buildings were erected, several bridges and gravel roads were constructed and a vast improvement was made in the way of ditching. The marriage of Mr. Black occurred July i, 1882, when Miss Athaliah Stults became his wife. She was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 7, 1850, and was the daughter uf Harmon and Sarah (Decker) Stults, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere 452 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Black are the parents of one child, Bernice Judson, born December 15, 1883. They are members of the Baptist Church. Politically Mr. Black is a Democrat. He became a member of La Fontaine Lodge, L 0. 0. F. in 1871 and of Silica Fons Encampment in 1876. He is a charter member of the K. of P. order of Huntington organized in 1881. He has rep- resented both the subordinate lodge and encampment in the Grand Lodge and Grand encampment. He and wife are among the esteemed citizens of the county. JOHIT W. BOWMAN was born in Adams County, Ohio, August, 27, 1837. He was the son of George and Sarah Ann (Minton) Bowman, both natives of Ohio, the former of German and the latter of English and Irish descent. As soon as he be- came old enough he took up the vocation of a farmer in his native county. He continued thus until the fall of 1861, when he entered Battery F, 1st Ohio Light Artillery with which he served until the close of the war. He served with credit in the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge. After the war he returned to Adams County, Ohio, but in April, 1866, he came to this county and located in Lancaster Township. There he pursued the trade of a carpenter until the fall of 1879, at which time, having been appointed Deputy Sheriff he moved to the City of Huntington. In the fall of 1882, he was elected to the oflBce of Sheriff, and was re-elected in the fall of 1884. His sec- ond term is just now completed. March 31, 1873, he was mar- ried to Sarah Ann Billiter, by whom he has had six children, Norval V., Arthur W., Harry 0., Thadeus D., Lena G., and Mary E., all of whom are living. Mr. Bowman is a member of the F. & A. M. and G. A. R. Lodges and a Democrat in politics. JAMES C. BRAN Y AN, a prominent member of the Hunting- ton Bar, is a native of Madison County, Ohio, where he was byrn, October 24, 1838. He was the son of John and Nancy (Black) Branyan, both of whom were natives of Ireland, of Scotch-Irish descent. Shortly after his birth, his parents removed to Dayton, Ohio. In September, 18i5, the family came to this county, and located upon a tract of woods land, three and one-half miles southwest of Huntington. There the subject of this sketch spent his youth, assisting to clear and cultivate the farm in sum- mer and attending the district school in winter. In Sep- tember, 1858 he entered an academic school, at Marion, this State, where he pursued his studies about two years, and in the fall of 1860, he entered the Freshman Class, of Wabash College, at Crawfordsville, Ind., and there completed a classical, collegiate course. During the summer of 1864, he served as a Union sol- dier, in Company I, 138th Indiana V6lunteers. On returning to Huntington, he began the study of law with the Hon. H. B. Sayler, and was admitted to practice in the spring of 1865, and soon thereafter he formed a partnership in the practice of law, HUNTINGTON— CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 453 with Maj. Isaac DeLong, which partnership lasted about two years. During the summer of 1866 he filled the office of County Sur- veyor, by appointment. In 1867 he removed to Decatur, Ind., where he resided about one year, thence he went to Kansas, remainmg one year. Not likmg the outlook for the practice of his profession in that State, he returned to Huntington, in the spring of ISUO, since which he has here been actively engaged in the practice of law. For a period of nine years he was associated in practice with C. W. Watkins, and he is, at present the senior member of the firm of Branyan, Spencer & Branyan. In this connection it may be added, that for a period of ten years past he enjoyed a very extensive practice, and has been con- nected with every important case tried in the county. In pohtics Mr. Branyan was a Republican, until 1872, when he followed the Greely movement, and since he has been actively identified with the Democratic Party. In 1876 he was elected to the Legislature, and served one term, declining a re-nomin- ation. In 1882 he was the Democratic candidate for the office of Circuit Judge, but owing to the circuit being largely Republican, he was defeated by the Republican candidate,— Hon. H. B. Sayler. In 1886 he was the nominee of his party, for Con- gress, against the Hon. George W. Steele, in the Eleventh Indiana Congressional District, but owing to the demoral- ized condition of the party during that year, he was defeated by a majority of 410. It may be said, however, that it was no fault of his, and that he made a vigorous and active campaign of the district. Mr. Branyan was married October 3, 1865, to Emma R. Woodrow, who still lives, and they have a family of three sons. JAMES M. BRATTON", Sheriff Huntington County, is a na- tive of Pennsylvania, and was born October 2, 1809. He was the oldest son born to Edward and Sidda (Hall) Bratton, natives of Pennsylvania and North Carolina, respectively. His paternal grandparents were James and Bethsheba (Hollady) Bratton. His maternal grandparents were William and Sarah (Applegate) Hall, the latter of whom lived to be one hundred and seven years old. When James was but fourteen years old he left home, and went to Pittsburg, where he learned the carpenter trade. Two years later he went to Harper's Perry, Md., where he began the trade of a mill-wright. About 1828 he emigrated to Ohio, where he worked in various counties at the trade of a mill-wright. In^ December, 1832, he came to this State and located at Marion, Grant County. In October, 1833, he returned to Ohio and worked at his trade in Champaign and Logan counties. In 1835 he again came to this State and located this time at Peru. July 12, 1835, he was married in Grant County to Hannah A. Wall, after "which he worked at his trade in Grant County two years. He removed to La Gro, Wabash County, in 1837. In 1839 he came to the City of Huntington, where he has ever since resided. Since coming here his occupation has chiefly been that of a con- 454 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. tractor and builder. His first wife died February 6, i860, and on the 12th day of July, 1862, he was married to Eosamond M. Mc- Donald, who died April 17, 1871. He was married a third time on the 33rd day of August, 1874, to Fredrecca C. Billenstine. In all, Mr. Bratton is the father of twelve children, nine of whom were by his first wife, and three by his second. Seven of his children still survive. Our subject is a member of the F. & A.M. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. He has been honored with the Coroner's office in this county two years, and the office of Justice of the Peace seven years. In the fall of 1886, at the age of seventy-seven, he was elected Sheriff of Huntington County, and though advanced in years, he is now discharging the duties of the office as would a man of thirty. HON. CYRUS E. BRIANT is a native of Erie County, Ohio, born March 2d, 1829, at Birmingham, where he resided until six- teen years of age, and then emigrated to Michigan, and in 1847, came to Huntington County and engaged in the lumber and stave business, which he continued in this and Allen County until the beginning of the late civil war. In 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company D, Fifty -Eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. In a short time after his enlistment he was elected Captain of his company, and at Camp Andrew Johnson, Tenn., he was made Lieutenant Colonel of his regiment. In the autumn of 1864 he was promoted to the rank of Colonel, and as such served until the close of the war. His regiment was among the first at the organization of the Fourteenth Army Corps. He was a faithful and brave soldier, and was mustered out of the service at Indian- apolis in 1866. The marriage of Col. Briant was solemnized in 1852, when Miss Julia Bell, daughter of Col. Martin Bell, of New Haven, Ind., became his wife. To this union are four children, as follows: William, Mary, John and Nina. Politically, Col. Bri- ant is an earnest and steadfast Republican, and is ever alert for the best interests of his party. For many years Col. Briant has been a member of the Huntington City Council, and he has been the leading spirit of that body during the many years of service. The fine streets and the electric light are evidence of some of the many public improvements which his public spirit and untir- ing energy have brought about. In the fall of 1886 he was elected to represent Huntington County in the General Assem- bly of Indiana, and in the session of 1887 took a conspicuous part. He is one of the rAost extensive manufacturers in this part of Indiana, and without question, is the most enterprising man in Huntington County. Among his neighbors and acquaintan- ces. Col. Briant bears a high reputation for uprightness and in- tegrity. WILLIAM T. BRIANT, proprietor of extensive lime and lumber manufacturing interests is the oldest son of Col. Cyrus E. and Julia (Bell) Briant, a sketch of whom appears above. HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 455 He was born in the city of Fort Wayne, Feburary 4, 1854. When he was yet a child, about one year old, his parents removed to New Haven, Allen County, where his boyhood and early youth were spent attending school in winter, and working in his father's stave factory in summer. He also worked upon a farm a portion of the time. When he was sixteen, or in 1870, he accompanied his parents to Huntington, and in September, 1871, he entered Notre Dame College, at South Bend, where he spent one year, quitting in the spring of 1873, having nearly completed a commercial course. He then returned to Hunting- ton, and until the spring of 1881, he was employed in the large stave factory interests owned by his father. lu the spring of 1881, he went on a prospecting tour through the western states and territories and at the end of four months he returned again to Huntington, a resident of which he has been ever since. Up- on his return he immediately engaged in the manufacture of lumber, to which his attention has been devoted ever since. He has, also, however, been interested in the manufacture of Hunt- ington white lime since January 1, 1885. May 26, 1882, he was united in marriage to Flo. E. Rosebrough, a native of Hunting- ton, and daughter of William H. Rosebrough. She was born December 25, 1860. They are the parents of one child, Ben, born April 26, 1886. Politically, Mr. Briant is a Republican. He is an enterprising and successful business man, and a reliable and in- fluential citizen. LEWIS BRIDGE, one of the hardware dealers of this city, was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 14, 1849. He was third son in a family of nine children born to Levi V. and Rebecca {Hines) Bridge, both natives of Pennsylvania, of English descent. When Lewis was five years old, or in 1854, his parents came to this State and located in the woods of Whitley County. That was in Washington Township. Five years later they moved to Jefferson Township, of that county, where our subject spent his youth working upon a farm. In the winter time he attended the district school, in which he received a good common school education. At the age of nineteen he took up the vocation of teacher, and taught very successfully four consecutive terms. His vacations were spent working upon a farm and attending school. In August, 1872, he went to Southern Kansas, where he took a claim of 160 acres. There he settled down and remained for thirteen months. He then returned to Whitley County, this State, and resumed teaching. He continued in this profession for six years with excellent success — evidence of which is shown by the fact that the six terms were taught in but three school districts. During the summer seasons he was variously employed. In 1879, he took an interest in the old grist mill at Andrews, this county, to which his attention was directed for two years with splendid success. In the meantime his brother, Henry Bridge, had purchased the other interest in the mill, and 456 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the two thus became sole proprietors. In March, 1881, they ex- changed the mill property for a hardware stock in this city, whither they came at that time. The firm name is L. Bridge & Bro. They have a large and commodious room well stocked, and are doing a good business. May 25, 1876, he was married to Leonora Huffman, a native of Ohio, born June 10, 1850. She was the daughter of John and Ann (Harvuot) Huffman, both natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Bridge are the parents of five children, Orlo L., G-racie A., lialph, Mary and Wilbert. The third, Ealph, died in infancy. Our subject is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. REV. JOHN R. BROVv^'N, one of the honored citizens of Hunt- ington County, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, April 21, 1825. He was the fourth in a family of seven children — four sons and three daughters — born to Thomas and Sarah (Rogers) Brown, the former a native of Lancaster County, Pa., of Scotch descent, and the latter a native of Philadelphia, of English descent. His paternal and maternal grandfathers were James Brown and John Rogers, respectively, the latter of whom was a descendant of the noted English martyr John Rogers, who was burned to death in Smithfield, England, on February 4, 1555, under the reign of Queen Mary. The former, John Rogers, served in the Revolutionary War seven years. When the subject of this sketch was six years of age his parents removed to Dark, County, Ohio, but shortly afterward they came to this State and settled in the woods of Randolph County, where his boyhood and youth were spent assisting to clear and cultivate his father's farm. In winter he attended the district school in which he received the rudiments of an education. At the age of nineteen he took up the vocation of a teacher and taught, in all, eleven terms, the first of which was in Allen County this state, during the winter of 1844-45. In the meantime, at the age of fifteen, he became a member of the Methodist Church, but two years later, owing to a little incident whereby the observance of a certain church rule involved the welfare of his friend> he sought redress for his wounded feelings by joining the United Brethren Church. He entered the ministry of that church at the age of twenty- two and thus continued with but little interruption until "in August, 1886. In February, 1848, he was appointed by the White River Conference to the Marion Circuit embracing all of Grant County, that part of Huntington County south of the Wabash River, and a part of Wells County. He was married October 31, 1848 to Rebecca Daily, a native of Preble County, Ohio, born April 27, 1829. She was the daughter of Dennis and Mary M. (Conn) Daily, both natives of Virginia, the former of English and the latter of Ger- man descent. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Brown took up their residence near Marion, Grant County. In 1850, they removed to Madison County. He was stationed upon various HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 457 circuits in this State until 1856, when he removed to Ohio, and became a member of Miami Conference. He remained in that State about eight years, one of which, was spent in Hamilton County, and seven in Preble County. From the month of May to September, 1864, he served as Chaplain of the One Hundred and Fifty-Sixth Ohio Regiment. In 1865, he again took up his residence in Grant County this State, and six years later, or in March, 1871, he removed to this county and located upon a farm in Section 32, Huntington Township, where he has ever since resided excepting three years — from 1876 to 1879 — during which time he was a resident of the city of Huntington. Since becom- ing a resident of this county, in addition to his ministerial work he has superintended the management of his farm, and since retiring from the ministry, his entire attention has been given to domestic pursuits. He and wife are the parents of four children, two of whom, are deceased. Their names are William L., born October 15, 1850, married to Matilda Peterson, December 18, 1884, and is now an attorney in Lincoln, ISTeb.; Letitia Ann, born Janu- ary 28, 1855, died September 16, 1856; Mary A., born March 20, 1857, died August 26, 1860, and Francis J., born September 28, 1860, married to Ella Bash, October 8, 1885, is now a Professor in Dysart, Tama Co., Iowa. In politics Rev. Brown is a Republican. He has been an earnest and successful worker in the cause of Christianity, and only retires from it of necessity on account of the impaired condition of his health. He and wife are among the worthy and honored citizens of the county. JAMES H. BROWN is a native of Clinton County, Ohio, where he was born December 29, 1849. He was the third son born to Asa and Cindarella (Wilson) Brown, the former a native of Clinton County, Ohio, of English and Irish descent, and the latter, a native of Kentucky, of Scotch and Irish descent. The former was the son of Asa and Anna (Alexander) Brown, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter presumed to be a native of Kentucky. The latter was the daughter of Robert and Margaret (McDonald) Wilson, formerly of Kentucky. The parents of our subject came to this country in September, 1853> when he was but three years old. They located upon a farm in Eock Creek Township. There James spent his boyhood and youth working upon the farm. He attended the district school in the winter in which he received sufficient education to teach public school. At the age of twenty he took up the avocation of a teacher and taught, in all, four terms, and in this capacity he had very good success. During the summer of 1872 he attended the normal school at Lebanon, Ohio, two terms. In 1873, he en- gaged in the manufacture of tile at Rockford, Wells Co. Two years later he settled upon the old home place in Rock Creek Township, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1879. In December of that year the Huntington County Co-oper- ative Association opened up their large general store in the City 458 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of Huntington and our subject was selected to take the position of bookkeeper and cashier in that establishment. He assumed the duties of this responsible position at once, and has faithfully discharged those duties ever since. In July, 1886, he accepted the position of manager of their establishment, and now he is attending ti<) the duties in the three positions in an able manner. January 3,*'l874, he was married to Mary C. Redding, a native of Wells County, this State, born April 10, 1848. She was the daugh- ter of John and Anna (Sale) Redding, both natives of North Carolina. Mr. Brown and wife are members of the Christian Church. The former is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry and of the I. 0. O. F. Lodge. Politically he is a Republican. He is a young man whose character and integrity is irreproachable and is well worthy the confidence imposed in him by the co-oper- ative association and tlie public in general. ELMER BROWN, livery man of the City of Huntington, was born in Wai-ren Township, this county, May 10, 1861. He was the second son born to Charles and Sophronia (Grist) Brown, the former, a native of Preble County, Ohio, and the latter, a native of Pennsylvania, both of English descent. Elmer spent his boy- hood and youth working upon his father's farm in this county. He attended the district school in which he received sufficient education to teach school. He afterwards attended the normal school at Valparaiso two terms. That was during the summer of 1882. At the age of nineteen he took up the avocation of a teacher, and taught in all, four terms with good success. In the spring of 1883, he took a prospecting tour through Missouri and Kansas — returning in the December following. In the latter part of November, 1886, he purchased the large livery and feed stable, east of court house, of which he took posession on the ISth of December following. In politics, Mr. Brown is a Prohibition- ist. He is an intelligent, and enterprising young man and will yet rank among the foremost citizens of the county. GEORGE D. BROOKE, Master Mechanic of the C. & A. shops, is a native of Philadelphia, Pa., and was born November 5, 1853. He was the fourth in a family of seven children born to George D. and Maria L. (Lutz) Brooke, both of whom were born in the city of Philadelphia, the former of Scotch and the latter of German descent. When our subject was yet a young child, his parents moved to Kansas and located on a farm. After making one or two moves in Kansas, the family moved to Kansas City, in the fall of 1863. A year later they removed to St. Louis. There our subject remained until 1876 : and while there he attended the High School of that city, and Washington University, gradu- ing from the former in 1872, and from the latter in 1875. In the University he took a course in Civil and Mechanical Engineer- ing. Immediately after his graduation he became a Civil En- gineer in the Western States and Territories. In the latter part HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 45& of 1876, he accepted a position of Chief Draftsman of Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Shops, at Springfield, 111. He passed through the line of foremanships and was made general foreman in 1883. He acted in that capacity until December, 1885, when he resigned and accepted the position of general foreman in the C. & A., shops, in this city. Upon the resignation of Mr. Johann, De- cember 1, 1886, Mr. Brooke was promoted to rank of Master Mechanic — a position, though young, he is filling in a very credi- table manner. He was married in Springfield, 111., October 3, 1877, to Lelia A. Eaton, by whom he has had three children: Charles W., Katie E., and George D. The last died the day he was one year old. Mr Brooke is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and the National American Association. Politically he is a Republican. SAMUEL BUCHANAN, Ex-Clerk of Huntington County, is a native of Perry County, Ohio, and was born March 13, 1833. He was the sixth son in a family of eight children born to John and Mary A. (Dempsey) Buchanan, natives of Pennsylvania and Maryland, respectively. When he was yet a child, but three years of age, his parents came to this State and located in a little hamlet that has since developed into the City of Hunt- ington. Here Samuel grew up to manhood and here he has ever since chiefly resided. The advantages to secure an education were at that time almost wholly wanting, consequently his early edu- cation was quite limited. He has, however, made use of his op- portunities and has somewhat mitigated the lack of school training by private study and observation. In the fall of 1848 he began to learn the printer's trade with Col. Milligan, who, at that time, was editor and publisher of the Democratic Age. This was finished in due time and received his attention about five years. In 1853 he went into the employ of D. L. Shearer, dealer in grain and dry goods. He continued thus until January 3, 1 856, at which time he accepted the position of agent of the W., St. L. & P. Railway, at Huntington. Shortly afterward he accepted a like position from the same company at Ft. Wayne. In the fall of 1856 he was promoted to a freight conductorship by the Wabash Company. In the fall of 1858 he emigrated to Leaven- worth, Kan. , and engaged in the mercantile business. He soon returned to Huntington, however, and engaged in buying grain for George L. Little, of Ft. Wayne. In 1863 he engaged in sell- ing agricultural implements and in 1864 he engaged in the grain business in connection with Fred Dick. They were also partners in the grocery business at the same time. In 1871 they added to their business interests the hardware trade. They thus continued until early in 1880, at which time the partne];ship was dis- solved. Our subject continued the grain and agricultural imple- ment trade alone until the fall of 1880, when, in connection with his two sons he again launched in the grocery business. He thus continued until the spring of 1882, when the grain business was 460 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. dropped. The trade in agricultural implements was abandoped in the fall of 1883 and the grocery trade in the spring of 1883. In the fall of 1882 he was elected Clerk of Huntington County. He was married September 33, 1859, to Mary J. Wiest, who died January 31, 1881. Ma;y 31, 1883, he was married to Catharine Eyan. By his first wife he is the father of nine children: Joseph F., Jesse E., George W., Samuel B., William, Mary R., Anna, Thomas J. and Joanna E. Of these William and Anna are deceased. Mr. Buchanan and his present wife are the parents of one child, Charles L. He is a member of the Catholic Church and of the Democratic party. He was a member of the City Council from September, 1873, to May, 1876, and acted as Chief of the Fire Department from 1878 to 1883. The latter position he again resumed in the spring of 1880. JESSE E. BUCHANAN, the senior member of the firm of Buchanan Bros., proprietors of the City Bakery, was born in the city of Huntington, August 3, 1863. He was the second son born to Samuel and Mary J. (Wiest) Buchanan, the former of whom at present resides in this city. Edward attended the Catholic school in this city, in which he received a good common school education. He afterward pursued his studies in the Notre Dame College three terms. In April, 1886, he opened up a grocery in town of Markle, this county. On the 30th of November, follow- ing, he returned to Huntington and, in connection with his brother, George W., opened up the City Bakery. GEO. W. BUCHANAN, the junior member of the firm of Buchanan Bros., proprietors of the City Bakery, was born in this city, December 4, 186i. He is the third son of Samuel and Mary J . (Wiest) Buchanan, the former of whom at present resides in this city. He received in the schools of this city a good common school education. In September of 1883, he entered Notre Dame College at South Bend, where he remained one year. He then returned to this place and engaged in the coal trade with his father. In November, 1884, he accepted a position as clerk in a drug store in this city. He afterward clerked in a grocery store in Markle, this county, six months. November 15, 1886, he, in connection with his brother, Edward, opened up the City Bakery on Franklin Street, and are doing a good business. In politics he is a Democrat. JESSE L. BUNKER, an old and highly respected citizen of Huntington Township, was born in Guilford County, N. C, Feb- ruary 36, 1813. He was the second of three children born to Reuben and Rachel (Lamb) Bunker, the former of whom was born on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, of English descent, and the latter was born in Guilford County, N. C, of Scotch de- scent. His paternal grandfather was Reuben Bunker. The par- ents of his mother were Samuel and Hannah (Beeson) Lamb, the HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 461 former of whom was born in Scotland. When the subject of this sketch was but two years old his parents moved westward to Hamilton, Ohio, but a few months later they came to this state and settled in the woods of Wayne County, near the present site of Richmond. There he spent his boyhood and youth work- ing upon a farm. They had settled right in a wilderness, and the clearing of a farm occasioned a good deal of hard work, most of which was performed by our subject owing to the fact that the condition of his father's health did not permit him to work, and his brother, Samuel, was not old enough to assist him much. His marriage to Sarah barker occurred March 14, 1845. She was born in Wayne County, February 25, 1822, being the daughter of Thomas and Abbe (Cabe) Barker, the former a native of North Carolina, and -the latter a native of Pennsylvania. Her pater- nal grandparents were Isaac and Hannah (Davies) Barker, both natives of North Carolina. Her maternal grandparents were Elias and Sarah (White) Cabe, natives of Pennsylvania, the for- mer of German and the latter of English descent. In 1849, Mr. and Mrs. Bunker moved from Wayne County to Huntington County, and settled where they now live in Huntington Town- ship. They are the parents of four children: Julia Ann, born February 4, 1846; Hannah Jane, born December 11, 1848, died April 4, 1878; Sarah Ellen, born October 27, 1862; Cassius, born May 10, 1861. Mr. Bunker is a member of the United Brethren Church. By virtue of her birth Mrs. Bunker is a member of the Quaker Church. In politics the former is a Republican. He and wife have a comfortable home where they are spending the de- cline of life in a quiet, happy way. They are among the old resi- dents of the township, and among her worthy and honored citi- zens. JONAS BUSSARD, one of the influential farmers of Hunt- ington Township, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, April 15, 1840, and was the son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Arter) Bus- sard, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania, respectively. When our subject was yet a young child his^ parents came to this State and settled in Wabash County, where his boyhood and youth were spent upon a farm. At the age of twenty-two he began farming for himself, and to this his attention has been directed ever since. He removed to this county in 1864, and located where he now resides, in Huntington Township. He was married November 21, 1863, to Lydia Knoop, who was born in Wabash County, this State, October 12, 1838, and was the daughter of Michael and Nancy (Sheets) Knoop. Mr. and Mrs. Bussard have had eight children, as follows: Willie, EflSe J., Lizzie E., Michael K., Nina A., Sarah A., Martha J. and Jacob A. The first two died in infancy. In politics, Mr. Bussard is a Democrat. He is an honest, upright man, an industrious and successful fariTier, and he and wife are worthy and honored citizens, and command the confidence and respect of all. Mr. Bussard is now enjoying 462 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. a comfortable, home, the result of his own industry and economy-. THAD BUTLER, editor of the News-Express, was born in La Grange, Ind. His father and mother were among the pioneers of that county. When the subject of this sketch was but seven years of age his father died, and the widow was left with two sons, one, Mark Butler, a mute, and but three years of age. Necessarily Mr. Butler began early in life to earn his liv- ing, and received but a limited education. At thirteen he was apprenticed to C. O. Myers, with whom he learned the printing art at La Grange and Kendallville. He became a resident of the Wabash Valley in 1864, first working with Alex. De Long, in the office of the Indiana Herald, and afterward accepting a posi- tion upon the Wabash Plain Dealer. In 1868 Mr. Butler attended Oberlin College for one year. Returning to Wabash, in 1871, he was married to Miss Kate Sivey, a daughter of John C. Sivey, Esq., and soon after purchased an interest in the Plain Dealer, with the late A. P. Ferry. Mr. Butler was connected with the Plain Dealer continuously until 1882, when he disposed of his interest in that paper and located in Andrews, where, with his brother, Mark, he established and conducted the Andrews Express for three years and six months. That paper was after- ward consolidated with the Huntington News, and moved to Huntington, where the consolidated paper took front rank under his management, among the leading weeklies of JSTorthern Indiana. Although an unceasing worker and a thorough master of his business in all its departments, Mr. Butler has not accumulated riches. Neither has he sought to do so. He bears a good character and has aimed to live an honorable life. His principles are not an article of merchandise, and he has never sold the support of himself or his paper to any man or set of men. In the general details of the publishing business, as a news gatherer and local paragrapher, and as an adroit polit- cal writer, he is recognized as one of the most capable men of his profession in the Valley. He has met his full share of discour- agements in life, pluckily and bravely, and whatever the adverse circumstances, has never flinched in what seemed to him just and right. May 1, 1887, the News-Express was consolidated with the Indiana Herald, with Mr. Butler as one of the editors. PROF. JOHN W. CALDWELL, Superintendent of city schools, Huntington, Ind., is a native of Pickaway County, Ohio, born February 11, 1835, the youngest son of John and Elizabeth Caldwell. His paternal grandfather, William Caldwell, was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., in the year 1734, married No- vember 28, 1786, Jane Moore of the same state, and in 1808 emi- grated to Pickaway County, Ohio, where his death occurred March 20, 1815. His wife survived him eight years, dying on the 20th day of March, 1823. John Caldwell, father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., Feb- ruary 5, 1800, being the seventh child of the above parents. He y7>^ HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 465 grew to manhood in Pickaway County, Ohio, where on the 24th day of January, 1828, he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza- beth Monnette. daughter of Isaac and EHzabeth (Peppinger) Mon- nette. Mrs. Caldwell was born August 18, 1805, raised a family of seven children, and departed this life on the 23d day of June, 1838. By subsequent marriage with Rebecca McClellan, Novem- ber 12, 1839, Mr. Caldwell had two children, one of whom is at this time living. John Caldwell was a farmer by occupation, a man widely and favorably known for his many sterling quali- ties, and died at his home in Ohio, August 24, 1884. Prof. John W. Caldwell spent his youthful years upon a farm in Pickaway County, Ohio, and obtained the rudiments of an English educa- tion in the district schools. He subsequently became a student of Mt. Pleasant Academy, Kingston, Ohio, and still later, Sep- tember, 1856, entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Dela- ware, where he pursued his studies during the greater part of five years, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts on the 2oth of July, 1861. He is also indebted to his alma mater for the degree of Master of Arts, which was conferred upon him in the year 1864. During the period of his college life he taught two terms of school, and after completing his education he determined to make the teacher's profession a life work. Accordingly we find him in charge of different graded schools until 1868, at which time he was elected principal of the High School at Urbana, Ohio. At the expiration of a half year he was promoted to the position of Superintendent of the schools of that city, re-elected the follow- ing year, but resigned in order to accept a similar position at At- tica, Ind., where he remained for a period of three years. On sever- ing his connection with the schools of Attica, he was given charge of the public schools of Seymour, Jackson Co., Ind., where he discharged the duties of Superintendent with signal ability for eight years, winning a prominent place among the success- ful educators of the State in the meantime. In 1884 he was chosen Superintendent of the public schools of Huntington, Ind., where he is new serving his fourth year. Throughout his entire career as teacher and superintendent. Prof. Caldwell has met with more than ordinary success, his abilities as an instructor being of the highest order, and his executive ability acknowl- edged wherever he has been retained as superintendent. June 25, 1867, he was united in marriage with Miss Virilla Shoecraft, daughter of Jacob Shoecraft, of New York. Mrs. Caldwell was born in Oneida County, IS ew York, and was educated in Cornell College, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and at the time of her marriage held a position as teacher of the High School of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Prof, and Mrs. Caldwell are the parents of four children, namely: Ben J., born April 5, 1870; Bell, born August 12, 1874, died Sep- tember 23, 1875; Guy and Ray (twins) born June 24,1881; the former died September 14th of the same year. The Professor and wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which they have both been identified since childhood. 10 466 HISTOKY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. JAMES OANFIELD, one of Huntington's reliable grocers and butchers, was born in Orange County, N. Y., November 5, 1851. He was the third in a family of five children born to Peter G. and Anna Maria (Knight) Canfield, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter a native of New York. James re- mained during his early life in his native county, working upon a farm. At the age of fifteen he took charge of his father's busi- ness, which consisted of trade in wood, lumber and stone. At the age of twenty -two he left home and soon afterward became a brakeman on the Erie Railroad. He continued in the employ of different railroads in the capacities of brakesman, yard master, freight conductor and passenger conductor, until August 25, 1885, when he met with the misfortune of losing his left foot by stepping into a cattle guard in the act of making a coupling at Greenwood, Ohio. He was then in the employ of the C. & A. In April, 1886, he opened up a grocery and meat market in Hunt- ington, to which his attention has been given ever since. In the fall of 1876, he was married to Emma J. Whited, who died in March, 1879. In March 17, 1881, he was married to Lottie Ram- sey, a native of Sullivan County, N. Y, born in 1851. Mr. Canfield is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the K. of L. and K. of P. Lodges, and a Republican. WILLIAM C. CHAFEE, M. D., is a native of Allen County, Ohio, and was born April 'Z, 1835. He was the oldest son born to William and Abigail (Thayer) Chafee, natives of Connecticut, and New York, respectively. The boyhood and early youth of our subject was spent in his native county. In 1850 he accom- panied his parents to Blackford County, this State, and located with them at Hartford City. There he became a farm hand and thus continued until he reached the age of nineteen, at which time he entered Franklin College. There he pursued his studies two years, completing the Sophomore year. He then returned to Hartford City and took up the calling of a teacher, and at the same time began the study of medicine. He taught in all five terms. His vacations were spent studying medicine. In the spring of 1856 he entered the office of Dr. Moses Stahl, under whose instruction he continued un,til the fall of 1859. He then took one course of lectures in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. He then returned to Hartford City where in March, 1860, he entered upon the practice of his profession. In . April, 1862, he came to this county and located at Roanoke. There he was successfully engaged in the practice of his profes- sion until May, 1883, at which time he removed to the City of Huntington. In the meantime, while a resident of Roanoke, he entered the Chicago Medical College, from which he graduated in March, 1869. April 28, 1861, he was married to Anna Stahl, a native of Pennsylvania. Their marriage resulted in the birth of three children: Ida May, Frank and Charlie Mott, all of whom died in infancy. Our subject and wife are both members HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 467 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the I. O. 0. F. and F. & A. M. Lodges, and has repeatedly been honored by the most responsible positions in the gift of each. He is a successful practitioner and an intelligent and influential citi- zen. Politically he is a Republican. During the session of 1881^ he attended the Graduates' Course in the Chicago Medical College.. ELIJAH K. CLAYTON" was born in Macklesfield, England,,. February 19, 1830, being the sixth in a family of nine children — four sons and five daughters — born to John and Elizabeth (Keeffe) Clayton, the former a native of Eagland, and the latter a native of France. The subject of this sketch spent his early life in his native country. As soon as he became old enough he was furnished employment bv his father, who was the owner of extensive machine shops. When he was but fourteen years of age his father died, however, and he then entered upon an ap- prenticeship and spent five years learning mechanics. On com- pleting this, at the age of nineteen, he, in the spring of 1849, emigrated to America, reaching New Orleans about the middle of May. He immediately proceeded up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Louisville, Ky., and was there employed during one summer by Roche & Long, builders of river steamboats. In the fall of 1849 he took a position as second engineer on the Aleck Scott River steamer, which he held until the spring of 1850. In September, 1850, he accepted a position as first engineer on the Bostonia, continuing thus until January 3, 1851, when he returned to England, and on the 13th day of March following he was mar- ried to Sarah Simpson, who also was a native of England, and the daughter of Jonathan and Elizabeth Simpson. A short time fol- lowing his marriage Mr. Clayton became the proprietor of ma- chine shops in Macklesfield, England, which he conducted until the summer of 1856, when he again came to America, reaching New York on the 4th day of August. He immediately proceeded to Patterson, New Jersey, where he was employed in the locomo- tive works owned by Danford, Cook & Co. In 1857 he came westward to Crestline, Ohio, and some two or three years later he went to Peoria, 111., where he took charge of the Rock Island &. Pacific blacksmith shops, a position he retained between twelve and thirteen years. He then removed to Urbana, Champaign Co., III., and during the nine years that followed he had charge- of the L, B. & W. blacksmith shops. In 1881 he took charge of the Lake Erie & Western Railway shops, at Lima, Ohio, which position he resigned March 1,1883. In the following May he came to Huntington, and became the proprietor of The Eagle Foundry and Machine Works. The first wife of Mr. Clayton died in December, 1874, and on the 5th day of October, 1876, he- was married to Hannah Wilson. Mr. Clayton is the father of six children — three sons and three daughters. He is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and by virtue of his birth he is a mem- ber of the Episcopalian Church. 468 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. HON. BUELL M. COBB, attorney-at-law, is a native of Craw- ford County, Ohio, and was born January 20, 1834. He was the oldest son born to Henry and Sally (Mitchell) Cobb, natives of Pennsylvania, and New York, respectively, the former of English and German, and the latter of English and Scotch descent. His boyhood and youth were spent working upon his father's farm in his native county. . He attended the district school until he reached his sixteenth year, when he took up the avocation of teacher. This he followed until 1866. In 1854, he removed to Iroquois County, Ills., and engaged in farming. In 1857, he went to Mower County, Minn. There he pursued the avocation of a farmer and carpenter until in February, 1860, when he re- turned to Iroquois County, Ills. There he taught school in winter and worked at the carpenter's trade in summer until August, 1862, at which time he entered Company I, One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois Volunteers, from which, owing to a physical disability, he was discharged about one year later. He served in the rank of a non-commissioned ofHcer. He then returned to his home in Iroquois County, and resumed his trade and the busi- ness of teaching. In August, 1865, he came to this county and located at Andrews, where he entered upon the practice of law. In February, 1870, he came to the City of Huntington, where he has ever since been actively engaged in the practice of his pro- fession. May 20, 1855, he was united in marriage to Nancy C. Phillips, a native of Adams County, Ohio, and daughter of Leonard and Margaret Phillips, both natives of Ohio. Our sub- ject and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. While a resident of Dallas Township, this county, he held the office of Justice of the Peace four years. In 1872 he was elected a member of the State Legis- lature and served one term to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. TIMOTHY COLLINS, manager of the large grain elevator owned by George Thayer, is a native of Ireland, and was born September 1, 1832. He was the eldest of eight children born to John and Ellen (Murphy), both natives of Ireland of Irish de- scent. At the age of seventeen or in October, 1849, he left home and carae with an uncle to America. On reaching this country they continued westward and made La Gro, Wabash County, their place of settlement. In February, of 1850, he came to the village of Huntington whither his parents also came from Ire- land in 1862. Mr. Collins first went into the employ of John Roche, for whom he clerked and acted as bookkeeper for some eight or nine years. He then accepted a position as bookkeeper for J. & J. W. Purviance, and as bookkeeper and cashier for Samuel H. Purviance. He thus continued about four years. He then became employed as bookkeeper for Lewis & Co. In March, 1864, he went into partnership with Frederick Dick and HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 469 Samuel Buchanan in the grocery and provision trade. At the end of five years the partnership was dissolved, but Mr. Collins continued as bookkeeper and cashier for the firm for ten years. About 1S?S he became the manager for Joseph W. Purviance. In August. 188-2, he became the manager of the grain business for J. D. Thayer & Co. The elevator is now owned by George H. Thayer & Co. Mr. Collins is a member of the Catholic Church and a Democrat jn politics. He has been honored with the po- rtion of Councilman, eight years. In 1870 he was the candidate of his party for Auditor, but failed to overcome an opposing ma- jority. ELI A. COLLINS is a native of Clinton County, Ohio, and was born November IG, 1840. He was the second in a family of three children, born to John and Elizabeth (King) Collins, the former of whom died in Clinton County, Ohio, in about the year ISil, and the latter at present resides in Wells County, this State. When our subject was seven years of age, he came with his widowed mother and an uncle, to Wells County, this State. When he had reached the age of sixteen he accompanied his uncle to Warren, this county, where he began to learn the trade of a carpenter. Prior to this his employment had been exclu- sively on a farm. His early education was such as could be obtained in the common school. After finishing his trade he devoted his attention to it until in 1861, when he entered the service of his country as a musician. He continued in this capacity with the Thirty-Fourth Indiana Regiment about one year when he retired, having received an honorable discharge. He then returned to Warren, and November 1, 1863, he was united in marriage to Matilda Aumock, a native of Perry County, Ohio. She was the daughter of Philip and Susanna (Miller) Aumock, the former a native of Perry County, Ohio, and the latter a native of Fairfield County, Ohio. In the following spring Mr. Collins came to Huntington and resumed his trade, at which he continued until 1870. Since that time his attention has been given to the ice business, and to the management of an ice cream parlor. Mr. and Mrs. Collins are the parents of four children, all sons: Jesse D., William H., Alva B., and Charles M. The eldest son, Jesse D., for two years past has bad charge of the ice cream business, formerly conducted by his father. The son in question, Jesse D., at present extensivly and profitably engaged in the wholesale ice cream trade of Chicago, was married January 13, 1886, to Bertha May Hawkins, daughter of Levi Hawkins, of this county. Mrs. Collins is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Collins is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and a Democrat in politics. He and wife are among the most estimable citizens of Huntington. GEORGE R. CORLEW, one of the pioneers of Huntington County, and one of her most prominent citizens, is a native of 470 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Springfield, Windsor Co., Vt., and was born on Sunday, January 1, 1833. He was the fifth in a family of nine children, eight sons and one daughter, born to Presby and Lucy (Thornton) Corlew, both natives of Vermont, the former of French and English, and the latter of Scotch descent. While our subject was yet a young child his parents removed to the state of New York and first located at'Glenns Falls, but some three or four years later they removed to the town of Cadysville, Clinton Co., N. Y., where for three years the father was engaged in the lumber business. They then located upon a farm in the same county. There the family resided about four years when, upon the death of ttie father, the widowed mother came with a family of five children to Cham- paign County, Ohio, and located upon a farm. About two years later the mother was married to Da\'id Patty. Shortly after their marriage the family removed to Zainesfield, Ohio. About 1838, they came to this State and settled in the woods on the old Ridge road, about seven miles northeast of Fort Wayne, Allen County. After pinching along a short time in a rude hut,' and in the direst circumstances, they removed to a farm near by and from this home, two years later, George, then a young man of eighteen, went to Ft. Wayne and began to learn the tinner's trade. This was finished in due time, and after working between three or four years in that place he came to Huntington, then a village of less than three dozen houses. That was in 1843. Here Mr. Corlew opened up the first tin shop in the town. He con- tinued in the tin and hardware business until about 1863. A part of his attention was, during that time, given to dry goods, also. On retiring from these he engaged in the grocery business, and some three or four years later, changed from this to the avo- cation of a silversmith. Shortly afterward, however, he relin- quished this business and since then he has been in retired life. In 1876 he removed to his farm two miles southwest of town, but in November, 1886, he returned to Huntington, and is now com- fortably located on South Jefferson Street. He was married March 4, 1 846, to Ann Scotton, a native of Coventry ,':England, born September 28, 1828. She was the daughter of John J. and Dinah (Jennings) Scotton, with whom she came to America when she was four years old. They first settled in Wayne County, Ohio, but in about the year 1844 they came to Wells County, this State, and located on a farm where they resided at the time the above marriage took place. Mr. and Mrs. Corlew have had six children, Albert W., George F., Emma, William, John S. and Jennie. Of these, Albert W., George P. and William are de- ceased. They were aged twenty-three, twenty-two and three years, respectively. Mr. Corlew is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and a staunch Democrat in politics. He belongs to Mys- tic Lodge and also is a member of Huntington Chapter of R. A. M. HON. SAMUEL F. DAY, Mayor of the City of Huntington, was born near Franklin Mills, Portage — now Ken-t — County, HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 471 Ohio, May 30, 1837. He was the second son born to Jacob and Mary ( Spears ) Day, natives of Massachusetts, and Pennsyl- vania, respectively. His boyhood and early youth were spent working upon his father's farm in his native county. During winter he attended the district school in which he received a fair knowledge of the ordinary branches of learning. At the age of fifteen, he was employed as a teamster in Franklin Mills.' At eighteen, he accepted a position as boat hand on the Cross-Cut Canal, between Cleveland and Pittsburg. In the spring of 1847, he was placed in charge of a boat plying upon that canal. This work furnished his chief employment until the fall of 1854, when he returned to Franklin Mills and took charge of a hotel. He came to Huntington in 1861, and in the following year opened up a livery which he has conducted ever since. He was married September 31, 1851, to Edatha H. Hotchkiss, a native of Oswego, New York. She was the daughter of Harry and Lida(Norris) Hotchkiss, both of whom were also natives of New York. This union has resulted in the birth of eight children: Cora E., Sam- uel F., Clara A., Eobert J. and Lulu C, living, and Rowland J., Clara A. and Harry H., deceased. Mr. Day has taken thirty-two degrees in the Order of Masonry and possesses membership with Amity Lodge No. 483; Huntington Chapter No. 27; Hunt- ington Council No. 51; Fort Wayne Commandery No. 4 , and the Indiana Consistory. He has never identified himself with any church, but is a firm believer in the principles of Christian- ity and the Universalist doctrine. His attendance is shared by all the churches, as is, also, his liberal contributions. In politics he is a Democrat. In 1865, he was elected Mayor of Huntington, and he has since been re-elected to that office four times. He possesses executive ability, good judgment and dignity, and to these qualities the able and impartial discharge of his official duties may be attributed. His course as the city's chief magis- trate has proven his sympathy for her best interests and his fellow townsmen have expressed their appreciation of his ser- vices by prolonging his administration. In 1871, he was elected a member of the school board and it was, in a measure, due to his efforts while a member of that body that the present High School building was erected. He has the educational interests of the city at heart, and has labored earnestly in elevating the city schools up to their present high standard. He bore an influen- tial part in initiating the project that resulted in the establish- ment of the Orphans' Home, of Huntington, and he has been one of the directors of that institution ever since it was founded. He has, also, been instrumental in securing the success of various other enterprises that had for their object the accommodation and welfare of the public. Among these may be mentioned the formation of the Huntington County Agricultural Society, in 1867-8, and the construction of several gravel roads throughout the county. Mr. Day deservedly enjoys an enviable reputation 473 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. in his official and business relations and a generous appreciation as a citizen. His portrait appears elsewhere in this volume. ALEXANDER W. DeLONG — The subject of this sketch, Alexander W. DeLong, is familiarly known throughout the county as a man of pure motives, strong convictions, moral courage and public spirit. The name of his parents, Isaac DeLong and Mary DeLong, indicate that he is of French extraction. His father died in this county several years since, after a life of activity, as one of the most esteemed lawyers and citizens of this part of the state. Alexander W., was born June 21, 1838, near Seneca- ville, on the Wills Creek, a place familiarly known in Guernsey County, Ohio. His childhood was awarded common school ad- vantages, until he was thirteen years of age, when he entered upon a four years' apprenticeship as a printer in the office of the Post, published at Somerset, Ohio, after the expiration of which, as was his agreement, his master gave him six months' advan- tage of the common school. His services being completed, bet- ter inducements led him to the employ of D. H. Lyman, Esq., upon the Zanesville Courier, for the ensuing nine months. His deportment made him many friends, among v^om were William J. I jams, Esq., of Rehoboth, Ohio, who offered him a scholarship, and persuaded him to attend Ohio Wesleyan University, at Dela- ware, Ohio, for the next nine months. Here he made proficient advancements, and when the want of funds made the abandon- ment of student life necessary, he keenly felt the sacrifice, for his literary tastes have always been of a high order. Thus at nine- teen years of age, he came to Huntington, among strangers, in what was then regarded as the "West," and founding the In- diana Herald, a Whig newspaper, which has been published under the same name to this day. He canvassed the county on foot, soliciting subscribers and patronage. After completing pre- liminary arrangements in Huntington, he returned to his home at Somerset, on horseback, and having arranged for the purchase of material, for the new paper, started for Cincinnati, making the trip across the country in the old fashioned stage coach. While making a temporary stop at Chilicothe, for the purpose of changing horses, then 1 o'clock in the morning, he received the first intelligence of the nomination of Gen. Zachary Taylor for President of the United States. Returning to Huntington by way of the canal, he issued the first number of the Herald, on the 4th of July, 1848, and continuously published it until the latter part of the year 1865, when he sold out, but again resumed his con- nection in 1875, and continued its principal manager until April, 1883, when he again disposed of the office. It is a fact worthy of meation that in all that time he never changed his political prin- ciples, but he and the paper have pursued a constant course in favor of Republican principles as to good government and human rights. His domestic life, which began by his marriage at Mahon, HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 473 in Huntington County, Ind., May 10, 1850, to Elizabeth C. Morgan, has been that of modest retirement, having a host of true and' tried friends, bound to him, not by considerations of appetite and feast, but by ties of honest friendship. The fruits of this mar- riage were a son Charles, who died at the age of near four years, and whose loss has weighed upon his memory ever since, show- ing the pure impulses of his heart; and a daughter, A.da, born March 10, 1869, and now living. The religious antecedents of Mr. DeLong were Catholic, on the side of his father, and Presby- terian on that of his mother, and he himself was baptised in the Catholic faith, in early boyhood, by Father Lumberson, in Guern- sey County, Ohio. His religious faith is not strictly orthodox, viewed from a Catholic or Protestant standpoint. He has a high sense of moral responsibility, and a full and complete belief in Deity; and while in no sacrilegious manner declining to dwell on particulars or methods, is contented with the hope that God, who is Omnipotent and just, will do justice to all, as such deserve, and that the golden rule, if followed, furnishes a safe rule for the conduct of men. In 1871, with a few other citizens, he assisted in organizing the Citizens' bank, of Huntington, from which he withdrew a few years afterward, but whose success to-day is a memento of his foresightedness. In 1875, he was active in the organization of the Huntington, Kelso and Warren Gravel Road Company — this road being the first completed in the county. He was President of the Company from its organization, and for several years after its completion, and lending his individual credit to make it a success. For nearly forty years he has championed all public improvements, and never been a party to any " job," or made a dollar by any dishonest connection with any movement. For a period of six years he was a member of the Board of Trustees of the City Schools of Huntington, and in years gone by has always aided every literary enterprise, espec- ially the old Workingmen's Institute and Library, and the pres- ent Library Association, of whose Executive Committee he was for many years an active member. In politics, Mr. DeLong is known throughout the state as an uncompromising Republican, but opposed to all dishonorable methods in politics. In 1876, he was a regular delegate at the National Republican convention at Cincinnati, and was a member of the State Central Committee, of Indiana for four years. In July, 1865, he was appointed Post- master at Huntington, and continued to serve in this capacity until the expiration of his term, in February, 1883. He was then appointed Receiver of the Land OflBce for the Northern District of Arizona, located at Prescott. He remained there about fifteen months, but disliking the business and the country, he resigned and returned to his old home in Huntington. Mr. DeLong is a man of positive convictions, who, when he thinks he knows the right, dares maintain it; whose character for honesty and integ- rity is unquestioned; whose hand is open as day to charity, in ways and times the world at large knows not of; whose zeal has 474 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. led him to befriend the aspirations of others, public men, at the the sacrifice of his own interests, some of whom, as not un- usually happens, have not been lavish in gratitude in return; whose life of industry has amassed a competency, and whose daily life is one of constant activity. ICHABOD DILLE, one of the early settlers of Polk Town- ship, and now a resident of Huntington, was born in Belmont County, Ohio, April 12, 1820. He was the second in a family of ten children • — three sons and seven daughters — born to Ichabod and- Mary (McCain) Dille, both natives of Ohio, the former of English, and the latter of Scotch descent. When our subject was ten years of age his parents came to this State and located in the woods near the present site of Jonesboro, Grant County. They were among the first settlers of that portion of the county. The father had entered a tract of laud and upon it he settled, cleared up a farm aad continaed to reside there until aboat 18 to. The parents afterward resided successively in Wabash County, Peru, and finally jn Champaign County, Ills., where the father died November 10, 1868, aged seventy-nine. His wife, the mother of our subject, died at the latter's home in this city, April 3 , 1886, in the eighty-sixth year of her age. Our immediate subject spent his youth working upon his father's farm in Grant County. At the age of twenty he located upon a piece of land and began farming for himself. With the exception of one year which was spent in Iowa, he continued upon a farm in Grant County, until 1853, when he came to Huntington County and settled in Polk Township. There he continued to reside until in July, 1878, since which he has been a resident of Huntington. He was married July 23, 1840, to Rachel Smith, a native of Ohio. She died in August, 1852, leaving six children: Eli G., Jonathan, Mary E., Jehu, Lovina A., and Lewis W. Eli G., Mary E. and Lewis W. are deceased. The oldest was killed at the battle of Champion Hills, May 16, 1863. November 19, 1863, Mr. Dille was married to Mrs. Rebecca Brooks, daughter of Benjamin a.nd Judith (Davis) Havens, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia, respectively. She was born in Warren County, Ohio, January 7, 1823. This latter union has resulted in the birth of three children: Jesse B., John I. and Viola, all living. Mr. Dille is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. He and wife are now comfortably located on Mt. Etna Avenue, and they deserv- edly enjoy the confidence and respect of all. JOHN I. DILLE, a prominent young attorney of Hunting- ton, was born in Polk Township, this county, November 18, 1857. He is the son of Ichabod and Rebecca (Havens) Dille, both natives of Ohio. Our subject spent his early life upon his father's farm in this county. At the age of fifteen he took up the vocation of a teacher, and he taught in all, three terms. He received in the common school a good knowledge of the com- HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 475 mon branches, after which he attended the Normal school at Valparaiso about three years. The years of 1876 and '77 were spent in the State University. In June of the latter year he graduated in the Law Department of that institution. After pursuing some special studies at the Normal at Valparaiso for several months, he located at Huntington where he formed a law partnership with James B. Kenner with whom he has been associated ever since, excepting one year, during which he was the partner of L. P. Boyle. July 21, 1878, he was married to Mary J. Mohn, by whom he has four children: Dessie B., Chester B., Eva and Mamie P., all of whom are living. Our sub- ject is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. Lodges, and a Republican. Z. T. DDNGAN is a native of Huntington Township, this county, and was born December 7, 1859, being the third and youngest child born to Matthew and Hannah (Barker) Dungan. The former, a native of Fayette County, Ind., was born June 9, 1828, and was the son of Zachariah and Prudence Ann (Durbin) Dungan, who were respectively, natives of Warren and Butler Counties, Ohio. Matthew Dungan came to this county in 1847, and located in Section 31, Huntington Township. He was mar- ried to Hannah J. Barker, December 19, 1853, and the follow- ing May, he and wife located upon a farm in Section 29, same township. There they continued to reside until April, 1886, when they removed to the City of Huntington, and there the husband died on the 4th day of August following. Soon afterward his widow, Mrs. Hannah Dungan, refurned to the farm on Section 29, where she still resides. The latter was born in Wayne County, this State, June 12, 1828, and was the daughter of Thomas and Abbe (Cave) Barker. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood and early youth working upon his father's farm in this county. In winter he attended the district school, in which he obtained the rudiments of an education. At the age of sixteen he took up the profession of a teacher, and followed it eleven terms with good success. In the meantime he had im- proved his education by attending school. At seventeen years of age he was appointed by the County Commissioners as student to Purdue University, but after investigating that institution he concluded he would prefer a normal education, and consequently soon afterward he entered the Normal School at Ladoga. Later on he completed the teacher's and scientific courses in the Central Indiana Normal School at Danville. In 1876 he entered upon the study of the law and continued at this as his profession would per- mit until the spring of 1880, when he was admitted a member of the Huntington County Bar, under the late Judge Slack. Soon afterward he entered upon the practice of his profession in the oflSce of Kenner & Dille, in Huntington. His undivided atten- tion was given to the practice of his profession for two years. In conjunction with this he acted in the capacity of local editor 476 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of the Lime City News and the Indiana Herald. During the campaign of 1884 he was connected with the Daily Democrat. During the session of the legislature in 1885 he was appointed Assistant Clei-k of the Senate, but owing to sickness was com- pelled to relinquish the position. Since April, 1885, he has re- sided upon a farm in Section 29, Huntington Township, a residence he expects to make temporary. May 11, 1880, he was married to Lina Close, daughter of George and Mary Ann (Ellis) Close, the former a native of Philadelphia, Pa., and the latter a native of Brown County, Ohio. Mrs. Dungan was born in Ad- ams County, Ohio, July 6, 1859. To their marriage two children have been born, Harry 0., born May 19, 1881, and Carleton M. G., born July 7, 1883. GABRIEL ELLIS, hardware dealer, of Huntington, was born in Mason County, Ky., November 13, 1825. He is the second son in a family of seven children born to Thornton and Mercy (Chinnith) Ellis, the former a native of Virginia and the latter a native of Ohio, of English and Scotch-Irish descent, respectively. Our subject grew up to manhood in his native county, working upon his father's farm. At the age of twenty-three he left home and for two years thereafter he made his home with a brother- in-law in Bracken County, Ky. He then came to Huntington County and located in Clear Creek Township. There he was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits until 1878, at which time he came to the City of Huntington and engaged in the hardware business in partnership with Elias Hewitt. They have a large and com- modious room, well-stocked, and are doing a good business. October 15, 1850, he was married to Susan H. Fee, a native of Bracken County, Ky. She was the daughter of James and Susan H. (Harmom) Fee, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter a native of Bracken County, Ky. Mr. Ellis is the father of two children, Fannie F. and James R. The latter died in the twenty-third year of his age. He is a member of the Presby- terian Church. WILL R. EMERY was born two miles east of Huntington, February 18, 1859. He served nearly four years as city editor of the Herald, under DeLong & Filson, and one year in the same capacity on the Democrat, leaving this to accept the position of managing editor of the Fort Wayne Sentinel. January 1, 1885, he purchased a half interest in the Democrat, and does the city and editorial work of the paper. SEXTON EMLEY, a prominent farmer of Huntington Town- ship, and one among the pioneers of the county, was born in Salem County, N. J., July 30, 1825. He was the tenth in a family of fourteen children — seven sons and seven daughters — born to John R. and Mary (Cook) Emley, the former of whom was born in Monmouth County, N. J., April 6, 1787, and the latter was born HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 477 in Burlington County, N. J., November 6, 1790. On the 1st day of October, 1834, when Sexton was but nine years old, his parents set out with two wagons to emigrate to the far West. On reach- ing Warren County, Ohio, the family stopped with relations one month for recreation. They then resumed their journey, and on the 6th day of January, 1835, they reached Huntington which was then a village of perhaps a dozen houses. The father John R. Emley, had entered a tract of 240 acres of wood-land in Sec- tion 29, Clear Creek Township, and upon this, a log cabin was erected, into which the family moved on the 22d day of February of 1835. There our subject spent his youth and early manhood assisting to clear and cultivate his father's farm. Being the youngest son, he remained with his father and mother until he reached the age of twenty-nine. He was married April 30, 1854, to Lydia Margaret Crager, a native of Whitley County, this State, born November 11, 1839, and daughter of Samuel and Mary (Lessley) Crager, both natives of Montgomery County, Ohio. They were married in their native county, and in 1837 they came to this State and settled in the woods of Whitley County, where they resided when their daughter Lydia Margaret, was born. For two years after his marriage Mr. JEmley continued to farm the old home place in Clear Creek Township In 1857 he settled upon a farm of his own that he had purchased in Section 28, of the Clear Creek Township, where he resided until the fall of 1869, when he removed to his present home in Tract ly, Huntington Township. His life occupation has been that of a farmer and stock-raiser in which he has been very successful. On the 13th day of January, 1873, Mr. Emley was bereaved of his beloved wife, and on the 9th day of June, 1875, his marriage to Julia A. Campbell occurred. She was born in Huntington, this county. May 12, 1849, being the daughter of Joseph Campbell who came to this county in about 1 848. Mr. Emley is the father of nine children as follows: Delano A. V., Henry L., Emma C, Olive A., Mary L., Tilman H., John R., Roscoe, and Rudy L., all of whom are living. The last named is the son of his present wife. Mr. Emley is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and his wife is a member of the United Brethren Church. Politically our subject formerly affiliated with the Democrats, but since 1856 he has ardently supported the principles of the Republican party. In the spring of 1847, when he was but twenty-one years of age he was elected Clerk of Clear Creek Township, and was re-elected to that position, five times serving, in all, nearly five years, when he resigned to accept the Democratic nomination for County Commissioner, to which office he was elected in the fall of 1852. In the fall of 1855 he was re-elected to that office as an independent candidate, receiving the support of the Whigs. In the fall of 1858, he was nominated by the Republicans for re-elec- tioi^, but was defeated by his brother and Democratic opponent, Samuel Emley. He was elected Trustee of Clear Creek Town- ship in the spring of 1860, and was re-elected to the office for ten 478 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. successive terms with increased majorities each ttjrm. He resigned the office in September, 1869, having concluded to remove to Huntington Township. In June, 1872, he received the Eepublican nomination for the office of County Treasurer. He was elected in the following October, and re-elected in October, 1874, receiving the last time a majority of 1,130, the largest majority ever awarded in the county. He carried every town- ship but one, in the county and that he lost by but one vote. In his old home township — Clear Creek — he lost but forty-one votes. He was the candidate of his party in 1878, for State Eepre- sentative, but was defeated by his Democratic opponent. In all of his official capacities he discharged his duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He owns a hand- some farm of 536 acres, about two-thirds of which is in cultivation. He is an honest, upright industrious man and deservedly enjoys the full confidence and esteem of all. He is a member of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. Lodges, and as such, stands very high among his fraternal friends. He never had the advantages of an education, and what he knows he has learned from observa- tion and private study. The Huntington Democrat says of this the family of remarkable longevity : The Emley family of this county are remarkable for their long lives. There were fourteen children born to the parents, but of this number there are now nine living. All of these except Samuel were born in New Jersey, he having been born in New York State. The summary of the ages of these nine children is as follows: Joel C, age seventy- eight years; Samuel, age seventy-six years; Meribah, age sev- enty-three years; Martha, age seventy years; Anthony, age sixty-eight years; Sexton, age sixty-one years; ' Leah A., age sixty years; Amanda, age fifty-eight years, and Chaltha, age fifty-four years. MALCOLM P. EMLEY, proprietor of the Mammoth Boot and Shoe Store, and one of the promising young business men of Huntington, was born in Clear Creek Township, this county, August 3, 1855. He was the youngest of three children born to Anthony and Eveline E. (Hurdon) Emley, who have resided in Clear Creek Township over fifty years. Our subject spent his boyhood and youth working upon his father's farm, in his native .township. He attended the district school in winter, in which he received a good common school education. At the age of twenty-one, or October 31, 1876, he was married to Martha Rhoads, daughter of Joseph and Mary Rhoads, both natives of Pennsylvania, and now residents of Clear Creek Town- ship. Mrs. Emley was born in Allen County, this State, May 5, 1855. During the three years following their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Emley resided upon the farm owned by the father of the former. In December, 1879, they moved to Huntington, Mr. Emley having been elected manager of the large general store owned by the Huntington County Co-operative Association. This position he HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 47c> retained until in August, 1886, at which time he resigned to accept a position as traveling salesman for Butterworth & Co., wholesale boot and shoe dealers, of Cincinnati. In less than a month later the Mammoth Boot and Shoe Store was opened by that firm in this city, and Mr. Emley was selected for its man- agement. He at once assumed the duties of that position, and thus continued until February 1, 18S7, when he purchased the stock and thus became sole proprietor of one of the finest boot and shoe stores in Northern Indiana. Our subject and his wife are the parents of one child, Herbert B., born September 14, 1878. Mr. Emley is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, and is a Democrat in politics. CHRISTIAN ENGELMANN, one of the industrious farmers of Huntington Township, is a native of Germany, born January 14, 1834, being the fourth in a family of eight children — four sons and four daughters — born to Valentine and Elizabeth (Clemens) Engelmann. At six years of age he entered school and continued to attend until he reached his fourteenth year. In 1850 his mother, with five children, including himself, came to America, whither the father had come in 1848. The latter had made his way to Huntington, and here, on the 24th day of August, 1850, he had the pleasure of welcoming his wife and children from their home across the sea. Our subject first found employ- ment as a day laborer, and later he worked at the cabinet trade. He was married May 26, 1862, to Archangel La Fontaine, the youngest child of the chief, Francis La Fontaine, formerly of this county. She was born in the same house in which she now resides, September 9, 1844. He and Mrs. Engelmann are the pa- rents of eleven children: George, Joseph P., Esther E., Christian, Catharine, Elizabeth J., George, Rosann, Cecelia A., John B. and a son that died in infancy, unnamed. Of those named, the oldest, George, and Catharine, Elizabeth and Rosann are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Engelmann are members of the Catholic Church. In politics the former is a staunch Democrat. In March, 1863, our subject settled where he now resides where he pursued the vo- cation of a farmer, until 1872, vvhen he again became a resident of Huntington. There for a number of years he was engaged in the retail liquor business, and prior to that he conducted a grocery and provision store two years. But in 1882 he returned to the farm where he has since continued to reside. While a resident of Huntington, he was honored with the office of Councilman two terms. He is an industrious and successful farmer, and he and wife are worthy and esteemed citizens. MARTIN ERTLE, a prominent farmer of Huntington Town- ship, is a native of Bavaria, Germany, born June 17, 1823. He was the second of eleven children — four sons and seven daughters— born to Frederick and Regina (Shunding) Ertle, with whom he came to America when he was nine years of age. 480 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. The family first settled in Massillon, Stark County, Ohio, where our subject spent his youth, assisting his father, who was a stone- mason by trade. At the age of twenty one he began to learn the trade of a blacksmith. This was finished in due time and furnished his chief occupation for a number of years. He was married October 8, 1848, to Elizabeth Koegler, who, also, was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 23, ] 832, being the seventh of nine children — four sons and five daughters — born to Michael and Margaret (Reyland) Koegler. Her paternal grandparents were George M. and Rosina Koegler and her maternal grand- father was Ludivicus Reyland. Mrs. Ertle spent her early life in her native country. When she was eighteen years of age she started to America with her parents, but her father died during the voyage across the ocean. The mother with her children made her way westward, and in August, 1840, they reached Mas- sillon, Ohio, where she located, and where Elizabeth resided at the time of her marriage. In April, 1851, Mr. and Mrs. Ertle moved from Massillon to Huntington, in which they resided about fourteen years, the former working at his trade. In Octo- ber, 1864, he removed to a farm in Section 3, Huntington Town- ship, where he has since given his attention to agricultural pur- suits. Mr. and Mrs. Ertle have had born to them twelve children as follows: George M., Mary A., Catharine, Martin M., Andrew, Elizabeth C, Jacob and Andrew (twins), Caroline C, Conrad, John H., and a son that died in infancy, unnamed. The fifth child Andrew, also died in infancy. Our subject and his wife are members of the Catholic Church. In politics the former is a Democrat. He is the owner of eighty acres of land, most of which is in cultivation. He has erected upon his farm a hand- some brick residence, which, together with other improvements, makes a very desirable home. He is an honest, upright man, and he and wife are among our worthy and honored citizens. IsriCHOLAS FISCHER, boot and shoe dealer of Huntington, is a native of Prussia, Germany, where he was born December 24, 1 832. He was the son of Jacob and Mary (Baker) Fischer, both natives of Prussia, also. Nicholas came to America in 1853, and in June of that year he reached Huntington, where he * has ever since resided. He was a shoe maker by trade, but when he first came here he found nothing in that line to do. During the first year he worked at various kinds of employment. In 1854 he found employment at his trade, and for ten years thereafter he worked as a journeyman upon the bench. In 1864 he en- gaged in the boot and shoe business for himself, and since 1866 he has occupied his present place of business. He was married October 23, 1858 to Elizabeth Johnson, by whom he has seven children. They are Elizabeth, Jacob, Lena, Catharine, Esther, Mary and Anna. Jacob, Esther and Anna are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Fischer are members of the Catholic Church. Po- litically, the former is a Democrat. HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 483 CHARLES FOSTER, a prominent contractor of Huntington, is a native of Germany. He was born June 14, 1830, being the youngest of nine children born to Jacob and Catharine (Baker) Foster, both natives of Germany. Charles spent his boyhood and youth in his native country. He attended school up to the- age of fourteen, and at sixteen he began to learn the trade of a stone-mason. This occupied his attention until he reached the age of twenty-one, when, in the spring of 185-i he emigrated to America. He was employed for a short time in the coal mines of Pennsylvania, but in the fall of 1852 he came to Huntington — then but a small village. For some three or four years thereafter he was variously employed. In 1856 he took up the business of a contractor, and to this his attention has been directed ever since. Since 1867, however, in connection with this, he has con- ducted a brick-yard. He was married April 15, 1857, to Margaret Knapp, also a native of Germany. She was born August 39, 1839. Their marriage has resulted in the birth of nine children: Mary A., Louisa M., Catharine J., Charles J., Edward S , Clara H., George F., Edith E. and John A. F. Catharine J., Edward S. and Edith E. are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Foster are members of the Catholic Church. In politics, the former is a Democrat. He has held the position of councilman a number of years. He is an honest, industrious man and reliable contractor. OBADIAH R. FRANCE is a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, born September 13, 1841, being the youngest of seven chil- dren, four of whom were sons, born to Samuel and Sarah (Arnett) France, both of whom were natives of Germany. His early life was spent in his native county, during which time he was chiefly employed upon a farm. In September, 1861, he entered Company F, Forty-Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served two years and nine months. Upon receiving an honorable dis- charge he returned to Montgomery County, Ohio, and spent one summer upon a farm. He came to Huntington County in the fall of 1864, and, a few months later, engaged in saw milling in Jackson Township. For a period of nearly two decades there- after his attention was divided between that pursuit and rail- roading. From 1881 to 1883 he was proprietor of a restaurant in Columbia City, this State. He disposed of that property in the spring of the latter year, and on the 20th day of December fol- lowing, he opened the Star Restaurant and Bakery in this city, which he has admirably conducted ever since. He was married toMirandia J. Ellis, October 14, 1876. She was the daughter of John W. and Eleanor (Wall) Ellis, the former a native of Mary- land of Scotch descent, and the latter a native of Ohio of English descent. She was born in this county, January 6, 1849. Mr. France is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and in politics is a Democrat. The reputation of the Star Restaurant extends even beyond the limits of Huntington County, and it is deservedly ad- 484 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. mitted to be one of the best managed and most desirable places of its kind in Northern Indiana. OLIVER FULLER, one of the reliable and influential farmers of Huntington Township, was born in Henry County, Ky., April 15, 1826. He was the sixth in a family of fourteen children born to William S. and Jemima (Castleman) Fuller^ the former a native of Rhode Island, and the latter a native of Kentucky, both of English descent. His paternal grandparents were Gilbert and Lovee ( Butler ) Fuller. His maternal grand- parents were Lewis and Jemima ( Gatewood ) Castleman. Mr. Fuller grew up to manhood in his native county where at ten years of age he found employment in a factory for the manufac- ture of rope and bagging, the property of his father. He thus continued until he became of age. In 1849, he went to Clermont County, Ohio, whither his parents had gone in the fall of 1847. There his attention was given to farming and to merchandising, in which latter pursuit he was engaged about eleven months. In October, 1851, he came to this county and located upon a 120 acre tract of land, which had been given him by his father, in Salamonie township. After spending one year clearing a portion of his land he sold his tract and purchased another farm in the same Township. He pursued the avocation of a farmer in Salamonie Township, until 1875. In that year, in order to im- prove the educational facilities of his children, he moved to Huntington. In November, 1883, he located where he now resides in Section 34, Huntington Township. While a resident of Huntington, his attention was chiefly given to gardening. He was married March 34, 1853, to Sarah E. Dillon, who was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, October 31, 1831, being the daughter of John and Sarah Dillon, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively. She died May 11, 1860, and on the 18th day of April, 1861, he was married to Mary Black, a native of Hamilton County, Ohio, born October 17, 1836, and daughter of Morris W. and Elizabeth (Martin) Black, both natives of Hamilton County, Ohio, the former of Scotch and the latter of English descent. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Fuller were'Peter and Jemima ( Ward ) Black, natives of Ohio and New Jersey, respectively. Her maternal grandparents were Joseph and Rebecca ( Gerard ) Martin, the former of whom was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller are the parents of six children, all of whom are living. They are Ida L., William S., Morris B., George H., Jemima E. and Clara B. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller are members of the Christian and Baptist Churches, respectively. Politically the former is a Democrat. He held the office of Assessor, in Salamonie Township five years' and as such discharged his duties in a creditable manner. In 1860, he was the candidate of his party for the office of County Treasurer, but failed to overcome an opposing majority. He is HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 485 an industrious and successful farmer, and he and wife are worthy and honored citizens. LEWIS GARRETSON" is a native of Tippecanoe County, this State, and was born November 11, 1830. He was the young- est of three sons, born to William and Mary (Eair) Garretson, the former a native of Virginia, of Irish and Dutch descent, and the latter a native of Maryland, of Pennsylvania Dutch descent. The boyhood of our subject was spent in his native county work- ing upon his father's farm. When he was fourteen, his mother and step-father removed to DeKalb County, this State. There Lewis remained working upon a farm until he reached the age of twenty-two. At this age he became the driver of a stage team between Ft. Wayne and Sturgis, Mich., and was thus em- ployed for two years and a half. He then went to LaFayette, and for one year he was employed as a bus-driver for a hotel. He was married there June 8, 1857, to Mary Nagle, a native of Ireland, and daughter of Francis and Nancy (Misscelle) Nagle. She came to America in 1852. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Garretson returned to DeKalb County, where he pursued the vocation of a farmer six years. In January, 1863, he came to this county, a resident of which he has been ever since. He lo- cated in Huntington Township and is now one of her most suc- cessful farmers. In 1876, the Commissioners of the County appointed him Manager of the County Infirmary in which capacity he served one year. He was re -appointed in December, 1885, and again resumed the position in March, 1886. He is a first-class farmer, and discharges the duties of his responsible position in a creditable manner. He was again re-appointed in December, 1586, which is evidence of his satisfactory manage- ment of the institution. Mr. and Mrs. Garretson have had seven children as follows: Minnie, William F., James W., David E., Ida E., Anna and Lewis J. Of these James W. and Anna died in infancy. Mr. Garretson is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. His wife, by virtue of her birth, is a member of the Catholic Church. Politically, our subject is an ardent Re- publican. FREDERICK S. C. GRaYSTON, A. M., M. D., an able and scholarly physician of this city, is a native of England. He was born April 6, 1823, being the third son of Bartholomew and Lucy (Trott) Grayston, both of whom were also natives of England. His early life was spent at home with his parents, and after coni- pleting his academic studies, he became the assistant to his father, who by profession was an attorney. This mode of life not being congenial to his tastes he was apprenticed to a phar- maceutist of the London Pharmaceutical Society, where he studied pharmacy and practical chemistry. Subsequently he became the assistant to a practicing physician. Here his natural tastes and inclinations were encouraged, and he successfully pursued the 486 HISTORY OF HUNTINGfTON COUNTY. various branches of medicine. In 1850 he emigrated to America. On reaching this country he contined westward, and on the 12th day of October found himself with his family in the village of Huntington. For the purpose of prosecuting his medical studies, early in the following spring he moved to Cincinnati and became the pupil of Prof. Lawson, of that city, attending private classes in the hospitals. In October of that year he matriculated in the Medical College of Ohio, attending a full course of lectures in that institution. He then returned to Huntington and entered upon his professional career in which he has been eminently suc- cessful. In 1860 he entered the Chicago Medical College, from which he graduated with prize honors, in March, 1861. In 1863 he entered Rush Medical College, of Chicago, and received from that institution the Ad Eundem Degree in the spring of 1864. In 1880 he attended the graduates' course in the Chicago Medical College. There he made the study of female diseases a specialty, and to these his attention has been more particularly directed ever since. In 1883 he took a course in the polyclinic department of the Bellevue Medical College, New York City. Upon the in- auguration of the Ft. Wayne Medical College, in 1876, he was elected Professor of the Diseases of Children. Subsequently he occupied the Chair of Pathology, four terms, and, later on, was elected to the Chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine, which position he still retains. In 1864 he was appointed, by Pres. Lin- coln, Examining Surgeon for Invalid Pensioners, retaining the position twenty years. In 1880 the degree of A. M. was conferred on him by Butler University, of Irvington, this State. He, at present, has a membership with the IsTational Medical Associa- tion, the Indiana State Medical Society, the Huntington County Medical Society and he holds an honorary membership with the Grant County Medical Society. He was President of the District Medical Society during 1883 and 1883. He is an active, persistent and progressive worker and in all of his professional labors he has borne an influential and enviable part. He has contributed a number of valuable productions to different medical societies and his prize essay upon the subject of diphtheria has been ex- tensively published. His marriage to Isabella Custance occurred in his native country May ] , 1849. Five children have been born to them as follows: Boston H. B., Sarah I., Charles E., Anna L. and Frederick W. The two daughters are deceased. The two eldest sons — sketches of whom appear below — ^are graduates of medical colleges and both are, at present, associated with their father in the practice of medicine. The youngest son, Frederick W., is a student in the High School of this city. Dr. Grayston is a Royal Arch Mason, and in politics is a Republican. BOSTON H. B. GRAYSTON", M. D., the eldest son of Dr. P. S. C. and Isabella Grayston, is a native of Brighton, England, where he was born May 12, 1850. When his parents came to America and to the city of Huntington, he was but a child, less HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 487 than a year old. Here he grew up to manhood, attending the pubHc school while it was in session. In 1869 he entered the Indiana Asbury (now De Pauw) University, in which he com- pleted the Sophomore year. He then took a three years' course in the Chicago Medical College, and, at the same time, took a course in the Chicago School of Anatomy. He received a diplo- ma from the latter in 1874; and graduated from the former in 1875. In 1878 he received the Ad Eundem Degree from the Ft. Wayne Medical College, and since was a student in the Post-graduate Course in Rush Medical College, Chicago, giving special attention to surgery. He is now actively engaged in the practice of his profession in Huntington and vicinity. He was married June 19, 1877, to Mary C. Slack, the youngest daughter of the late Gen. Jas. R. Slack, and three children bless the union: Wallace S., Hayden B. and Isabella A., all of whom are living. Thus far his practice has not been confined to any branch of the profession, though his preparation has especially fitted him for the prac- tice of surgery. CHARLES E. GRAYSTON, M. D., a native of Huntington, was born November 17, 1857. He is the second son of Frederick S. C. and Isabella Grayston, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. He graduated from the High School of this city, in. 1877. In 1878, he entered the North- Western University at Evanston, Ills., where he remained one year. During one term he gave especial attention to the study of chemistry. In 1881, he graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, having previously attended two regular courses of instruction in that institution. He has since had conferred upon him the Ad Eundem Degree by the Fd. Wayne Medical College. His practice has been general in its nature, though he has given particular attention to diseases of the eye and ear, and at pres- ent he is taking a special course in the Eye and Ear Infirmary of Chicago. His marriage to Jennie Davies, daughter of Jesse and Louisa (Weist) Davies, occurred October 12, 1882. To them two children have been born, a son that died in infancy, un- named, and a daughter, Florence V., living. ROSCOE C. GRIFFITH, a promising young member of the Huniington Bar, was born in the city of Huntington, December 15, 1863. He was the second son born to William H. and Seraphnia (Clark) Griffith, residents of Huntington. His early life was spent attending school and a part of his vacations were spent clerking in his father's store. He graduated from the High School of this city in June, 1883. In the fall of 1883 he entered the Law School at Ann Aroor, where he graduated in June, 1885. He then returned to this city and on the 2d day of July following he was admitted to the bar, since which time he has been practicing his profession. August 12, 1886, he was married to Clara L. Marson, a native of Wayne County, this State, and 488 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTT. daughter of John and Elizabeth (Worcester) Marson, both na- tives of England. Mr. Griffith is a member of the Presbyterian Church. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Politi- cally our subject is a Democrat. On the 34th day of November, 1886, he received the appointment of Deputy Prosecutor for Huntington County. JOHN GUNZENHAUSER, one of the reliable and influential farmers of Huntington Township, was born in Baden, Germany, December 9, 1830, being the eldest ot six children born to John, and Magdalena (Erler) Gunzenhauser, the former of whom was the son of John and Anna (Senn) Gunzenhauser. OuT subject remained in his native country until he reached the age of twenty-four, when, accompanied by his brother, Gottfried, he came to America. On making his way to Ashland County, Ohio, he remained there some three or four months, working upon a farm and at railroad constructing. In October, 1854, he came to this county, and after working upon a farm and upon a brick- yard for a few years, he purchased a tract of wood land in Tract 13, Huntington Township, upon which he located, and at once set about clearing up a farm. This has been his home ever since. His marriage to Barbara Kocher occurred January 39, 1860. She was born in Germany, October 6, 1841, being the daughter of John and Catharine (Hartman) Kocher, and the sister of Catharine Kocher, who became the wife of Gottfried Gunzenhauser. She came to America with her parents when she was thirteen years old. Mr. and Mrs. Gunzenhauser have had born to them five children; the first was a son that died in in- fancy, unnamed. Then Barbara, John G., Frederick and Rosina. Only the three last are living — Barbara having died when she was two years old. Our subject and family are members of the German Reformed Church. In politics Mr. Gunzenhauser is a Democrat. He owns 300 acres of fine land, over half of which is in cultivation. His farm is fitted up with good fences and buildings, and is a very desirable location. He is a successful farmer and a worthy and honored citizen. GOTTFRIED GUNZENHAUSER, farmer of Huntington Township, was born in Badea, Germany, October 38, 1833. He was the third in a family of six children born to John and Mag- dalena (Erler) Gunzenhauser, the former of whom was the son of John Gunzenhauser. He spent his early life in his native country attending school and working at the cooper's trade and upon a farm. In 1854 he left home and emigrated to America, reaching New York City on the 9th day of May. He made his way to Ashland County, Ohio, where he remained two years — working at the cooper's trade in winter and upon a farm in sum- mer. He then went to Milwaukee, Wis., where he continued in the same way, two years, after which he came to Huntington County. That was in the fall of 1857. He found employment in HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 489 the cooper shop of Robert Black, tor whom he worked six winters. During summer he worked upon his present farm which he had purchased in the meantime. He located upon the farm in the spring of 1863, where he has ever since resided — his avocation being that of a farmer and stock raiser. He was married Janu- ary 19, 1865, to Catharine Kocher, a native of Germany, and daughter of John and Catharine (Hartman) Kocher, with whom she came to America in 1854. She was then but nine years old, her birth having occurred September 26, 1844. They are the pa- rents of four children: Catharine, John, Jacob and Gottfried, all of whom are living. Mr. Gunzenhauser and family are members of the German Reformed Church. In politics our subject is a Democrat. He owns 160 acres of good land, most of which is in a high state of cultivation. HENRY M. HAERLY, a promising young business man of the City of Huntington, was born in this city March 8, 1864. He was the only son born to Gotleib Henry and Christena (Weisse) Haerly, the former, a native of Wuertenberg, Germany, and the latter a native of Switzerland. Our subject has always resided in this city. He received, in the Catholic school, a good common school education. At the age of thirteen, or in 1876, he entered upon a commercial course in Notre Dame College at South Bend. He remained there one year, then returned to this city and ac- cepted a clerkship in the dry goods and clothing store of Marx Kahn. This position he held four years. He then entered the large dry goods establishment of John Frash, where he clerked until in April, 1885, at which time he engaged in the dry goods business for himself. He was thus engaged one year, at the ex- piration of which, he closed out his stock at auction. On the 10th of August, 1886, he opened up the large china, glass and queens- ware establishment in the Opera House block. He has a large and commodious store room well stocked with china, glass, queens- ware, etc., and is doing an excellent business. He is a member of the Catholic Church. THOMAS B. HART, who is perhaps the youngest county officer in the State, was born in this county, September 32, 1864. He was the oldest son born to J. C. and Adaline (Thomas) Hart, the former a native of Preble Co., Ohio, and the latter, a native of Wayne County, this State. Our subject spent his boy- hood and early youth working upon his father's farm. He re- ceived in the district school a good common school education. In 1881 he entered the normal school at Valparaiso, where he at- tended two terms. During the summer of 1882 he attended school at Lebanon, Ohio. In the fall of 1882 he took up the avocation of a teacher. In this he has been successfully en- gaged four years. In the fall of 1886 he was elected to the of- fice of County Surveyor, and though he is but twenty-two years 490 HISTOEY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of age, he has entered upon the duties of the office in an able manner. Politically he is a Republican. DAVID M. HAWLEY is a native of Huntington County, and was born December 22, 1838. He was the second in a family of seven children born to Samuel W. and Meribah (Emley) Hawley, both of whom were among the early settlers of Huntington County. Our subject has spent his entire life a resident ot this County. He received in the common school a fair knowledge of the lower branches of learning. During his youth his employ- ment was chiefly in his father's nursery. In October, ]861, he entered Company F, Forty-Seventh Indiana Regiment, with which he served about one year. He then returned home and spent one year recruiting his health, which had become impaired. On regaining it, he again joined the regiment, this time in the capacity of clerk for the sutler. He thus continued a little more than two years. He once more returned to Huntington and took up the avocation of a painter. To that his attention was given until 1873, since which he has been engaged in the man- ufacture of lime. He has been a member of the White Lime Association since it was formed in 1879. August 37, 1868, he was married to Louisa J. Burket, daughter of Eli and Francis (Miller) iBurket, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mrs. Hawley was born in Jefferson Township, this county, April 2, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Hawley are the parents of six children : Willard E., Edwin B., Charles E., Mary E., Mabel G., and Edgar F. The two eldest died in infancy. Mr Hawley is a member of the I. O. 0. F. Lodge. WESLEY W. HAWLEY is a native of Huntmgton, and was bom April 27, 1848. He was the sixth in a family of seven children, born to Samuel W. and Meribah R. (Emley) Hawley, the former a native of Canada and the latter a native of New Jersey, both of English descent. Our subject attended the public school, in which he obtained a knowledge of the common branches. At the age of sixteen he became a clerk in a dry goods and clothing store and was thus employed some five or six years. In 1870 he engaged in the dry goods business for himself and continued until 1876. In the meantime, in 1873, a partnership was formed with his brother D. M. Hawley in the manufacture of lime, and since retiring from the dry goods trade his entire attention has been devoted to the manufacture of lime. He and his brother continued alone until the winter of 1879 and '80 when the White Lime Association was formed, and of this Mr. Hawley has had the general management ever since- July 24, 1878, he was married to Anna L. Sturtevant, a native of New Hampshire. Mr. Hawley is the father of one child, Edith M. In politics he is a Republican. JACOB HARTMAN, one of the fashionable merchant tailors of the City of Huntington, was born in Germany, February 22, HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 491 1842. He was the second son born to Christopher and Mary (Kocher) Hartman, both natives of Germany. Jacob spent his boyhood and youth in his native country. At the age of four- teen he learned the tailor's trade, and has ever since followed it for a livlihood. In 1863 he left his native country and emi- grated to America, reaching the City of New York in August. Having made his way to Philadelphia, he there worked at his trade as a journeyman until November, 1865, at which time he came to the city of Huntington. He continued that work in this city until April, 1867, at which time he went to Chicago, where he worked until the September following, when he re- turned to Huntington and set up a tailor shop of his own. Three years later he formed a partnership with Henry Hilgenberg, which partnership has existed ever smce. He was married Oc- tober 14, 1869, to Ellen Speece, a native of Pennsylvania, born September 6, 1853. She was the daughter of Eli and Elizabeth Speece, both natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. Hartman is the father of six children: Charles E., Mary, Ida, Lela, Hettie and Katie — all living. Mr. Hartman is a member of the F. & A. M. and K. of P. Lodges, and the German Benevolent Society. JACOB G. HEASTON, a prominent farmer of Huntington Township, was born in Wayne County , this State, July 19, 1833, being the sixth in a family of eleven children — seven sons an d four daughters — born to Jacob and Catharine ( Goodlander ) Heaston, who were natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively. When' he was fourteen years old — or in 1847 — his parents moved to Huntington County and located upon a farm in Lancaster Township, where the subject of this sketch spent his youth assisting to clear and cultivate his father's farm. When he became of age he began farming for himself, but for about four years he remained upon the home place receiving a share of the crops. In 1859, he located upon a farm in Jefferson Township, this county, but in December, 1863, he removed to Huntington Township, where he has ever since resided, except- ing two years — from the spring of 1868 until in January, 1870 — during which time he resided upon the farm of his father-in-law, in Jefferson Township. The life occupation of Mr. Heaston has been that of a farmer. He was married February 10, 1859, to Mary E. Adams, daughter of James and Nancy ( Wiley ) Adams, both of whom were natives of Virginia. They were married in their native State, and, in 1836 came to this county and settled in the woods of Jefferson Township, where Mrs. Heaston was born January 31, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Heaston have had born to them seven children as follows: Nancy C, James I., Clarissa J., Ira B., Henry H., Elizabeth B. and Harmon D., all of whom are living, except Henry H., who died in infancy. Our subject and his wife are members of the German Baptist Church. In politics the former is a Eepublican. While a resident of Lan- caster Township, Mr. Heaston held the oflSce of Clerk under the 493 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. old system three years. His farm contains about 140 acres, is well improved with fences and buildings, and is a very desirable location. MATTHEW HIGHLANDS, a prominent blacksmith of Hunt- ington, and one of the influential citizens of the city, is a native of Centre County, Pa., and was born March 26, 1848. He was the youngest of two sons, born to Samuel W., and Elizabeth (Rhine- hart) Highlands, the former a native of Franklin County, Pa., of Scotch descent, and the latter a native of Centre County, Pa., of German descent. The early life of our subject, up to the time he he was eighteen years of age, was chiefly spent in his native county, working upon a farm. In April, 1866, he came to Huntington, a resident of which he has been ever since. For the flrst three years he was employed in a stone quarry. June 14, 1869, he entered upon an apprenticeship with a view to learn the blacksmith's trade. After serving three years he worked as a journeyman at his trade, ,until March, 1877, at which time he opened up a shop of his own on Cherry Street. To this his en- tire attention has been directed ever since. March 17, 1871, he was united in marriage to Rebecca Ann Foster, a native of Ohio, born April 3, 1847. She was the daughter of Joseph and Eliza- beth (Derr) Foster, both natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. High- lands have had born to them eight children. The first was a daugh- ter that died in infancy, unnamed. The others are Mary E., Robert F., William J., Harry H., Ada Belle, Charles and Eva, all living. Mr. Highlands is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge. HENRY HILGENBERG, merchant tailor, is a native of Ger- many, where he was born February 27, 1839. He was the oldest of six children born to William and Sophia (Drabing) Hilgen- berg, both natives of Germany. His paternal grandparents were John and Catharine (Hanckopp) Hilgenberg. Henry spent his boyhood, youth and early manhood, in his native country. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the tailor's trade. Aut this he worked until he reached the age of twenty, when he entered the regular German Army. There he remained seven years. At the age of twenty-eight, or in 1867, he came to America, landing at New York City on the 14th day of February. He continued westward, and reached the City of Huntington February 20th, of the same year. Here he worked at his trade as a journeyman until February, 1869, when he opened up a tailor shop of his own. In 1870 a partnership was formed with Jacob Hartman, which has existed ever since. July 15, 1867, he was married to Emma Bergholdz, who also was a native of Germany, born in 1846. She was the daughter of John and Caroline (Brutz) Bergholdz. His first wife died December 8, 1873, and on the 10th day of March, 1874, he was married to Johanna Bergholdz, sister to his former wife. By his first wife he had two children — Anna C. and Ida M. — both living. By his present wife he has had five children: HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 49 J Lizzie H., Mollie M., May H., William F. and Emma. William F. died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Hilgenberg belong to the German Lutheran Church. The former is a member of the K. of P. Lodge and of the German Benevolent Society. JOHN HOUENSTEIN, a native of Switzerland, born Sep- tember 7, 1830, was the third son born to Eudolph and Anna (Dotwiller) Houenstein. He spent his boyhood, youth, and early manhood in his native country, working upon a farm excepting two years, which he spent in the army. That was during his twenty -first and twenty-second years. In ]845, at twenty-five years of age, he emigrated to America, reaching New York City on the eighth day of November. After a short stay in New York City he made his way to Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, where he worked two months, assisting to build a canal lock. He had a brother and a sister in Huntington County, and he set out on foot to make the entire journey, which he did, carrying a large box, containing his surplus clothing, upon his back. He reached Ft. Wayne on the fourth day of July, and this county on the seventh. His first employment here was upon a saw-mill, at which he continued until the time of his first marriage, which occurred December 18, 1849. The lady was Wilhelmine Brandt, a native of Germany, born July 31, 1829. She was the daughter of Charles and Mollie (Budda) Brandt. The occupation of Mr. Houenstein since that time has been that of a farmer. He located where he now resides, in 1853. On the 13th day of Nov- ember, 1880, he was bereaved of his beloved wife, and on the 16th day of August, 1883, he was married to Mrs. Louisa W. J. Ahlschwede, whose maiden name was Louisa W. J. Arneke. She was born in Germany, November 9, 1839. By his first wife Mr. Houenstein had ten children as follows : Anna M. A., born November 13, 1850; John J., born March 18, 1853; died March 9, 1860; Mary W., born March 9, 1855; Charles G., born September 11, 1857; Johanna W., born January 13, 1860; Sophia M., born May 1, 1863; Anna B., born April 38, 1864; Caroline B., born October 20, 1866; Emma M., born February 23, 1869; Gottleib E., born August 3, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Houenstein, and all their children, are members of the Lutheran Church. In politics the former is a liberal, but generaly supports the Democratic Party. He owns a good farm of eighty-seven acres, more than half of which is in cultivation. HON, BENJAMIN F. IBACH, attorney-at-law, was born January 31, 1834, near Sheridan, Lebanon County, Pa. He was the youngest son born to Charles F. and Elizabeth (Hine) Ibach, the former a native of Germany, of German descent, and the latter a native of Berks County, Pa., of English descent. He never had the pleasure of seeing his father, as the latter's death occurred three months before Benjamin was born. After he be- came old enough he became a farm hand. He thus continued 494 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. until he reached the age of sixteen. At that age he became an apprentice in Lancaster^ Pa., where three years were spent learning the saddler's trade. At the expiration of that time he entered the Strasburg Academy, at Lancaster, Pa., where he re- mained one term. He then took up the vocation of a teacher, at which he continued a number of years, spending his vaca- tions attending the academy. He afterward was placed in charge of that institution, a position he occupied for two years. He then took charge of the public schools at Columbia, Pa., where he remained until the spring of 1 862, at which time he came to the City of Huntington. For two years thereafter he had charge of the public schools of this city. In the meantime he had entered upon the study of the law. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1864, ever since which time his attention has been given to the practice of his profession. January 39, 1856, he was married to Miss Kate Warfel, wUo died in 1864, leaving three children, two of whom still survive. In May, 1866, he was married to Martha Wilson, of Troy, Ohio. Our subject is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the F. & A. M. and K. of P. Lodges, and a Democrat in politics. He has twice been elected District Attorney for the Common Pleas District, of which Huntington forms a part. In 1879 he was appointed one of the trustees of the Indiana Soldiers' Orphans' Home and Asylum for Feeble Minded Children. In November, 1879, at the solicitation of Gov. James Williams he resigned the trusteeship and accepted the appointment of Superintendent of the Asylum for Feeble Minded Children, in connection with which he acted as Stewart for the Orphans' Home. In the capacity of superin- tendent he organized the Asylum for Feeble Minded Children, and the first inmates were received in December, 1879. His term as such superintendent expired in April, 1881. He has been at- torney for the City of Huntington since 18T3. He was elected joint representative for the counties of Allen and Huntington in JSTovember. 1886. JOSEPH G. IBACH was born in Salamonie Township, this county, March 15, 1861. He is the youngest of three sons born to Benjamin F. and Kate Ibach, both natives of Pennsylvania. Shortly after his birth his parents returned to Lancaster County, Pa., where they had formerly resided. In May, of '63, the family again came to this county and this time located in the city of Huntington. Here the family has resided ever since. He attended the graded school of this city from which he graduated in June, 1880. In September of that year he entered the Sophomore class of the Indiana Asbury University, at Greencastle, and graduated from that institution in June, 1883. In the fall of that year he returned to that school and entered upon a law course which he completed in April, 1884. He ^hen returned home and entered upon the practice of law in partnership with his father. May 27, 1885, HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 495. he was married to Minnie M. Friedley, daughter of Judge W. T. Friedley, of Madison, this State. To them one child has been born, Mary, oorn October 14, 1886. Our subject and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics the for- mer is a Democrat. In March, 1885, he received the appoint- ment of Deputy Prosecutor in the twenty- eighth judicial circuit of this State, and served until December, 1886. THOMAS C. IRELAND, a mechanic, of Huntington, was born in Tyler County, W. Va., June 13, 1836. He was the sec- ond in a family of four children — three sons and one daughter — born to Alexander and Sarah (Bond) Ireland, both natives of Virginia. Our subject spent his boyhood and early youth in his native county working upon a farm. He attended the schools of his day, but the advantages were quite limited, consequently his early education was very incomplete. At the age of seventeen,. or in 1853, he left home and came westward to Cincinnati, where he was employed one year. He then went to Henry County, Ohio, where he found employment upon a farm. In about the year 1861 he began to learn the carpenter's trade. This was fin- ished in due time, and to it his entire attention has been devoted ever since. In the spring of 1863 he became employed by the Wabash Railway, in whose employ he remained as a bridge car- penter about four years. But during this time, in May, 1864, he entered Company G, of the One Hundred and Sixty-Third Ohio Regiment, with which he served four months. Returning, he re- sumed his work with the Wabash Railway. In the meantime, on the 3d day of March, 1864, he was married to Martha Chron- inger, a native of Stark County, Ohio, born August 16, 1841. She was the youngest of thirteen children — four sons and nine daughters — born to Henry and Sallie (Boce) Chroninger, the for- mer a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter a native of Ohio, both of German descent. Immediately after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Ireland came to Huntington, residents of which they have been ever since. They are the parents of four children, two of whom are living. The first was a daughter, that died in infancy, unnamed. The others are: Elmer E., born December 3, 1866, died April 34, 1868; Almon D., born December 14, 1868, and Letty May, born May 33, 1870. Mrs. Ireland is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Ireland is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge. MRS. NANCY JONES, an aged and venerable lady of Hun- tington Township, was born in Frederick County, Va., December, 11, 1796, and was the daughter of William and Mary (Ashby) Reveal, both natives of Virginia. She grew up to womanhood in her native county. When she was about twenty years of age she accompanied her parents to Highland County, Ohio, where she was married to Samuel Jones, July 35, 1835. He was born in Pennsylvania, December 30, 1790. In 1833 she, accompanied 496 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. by her husband and children, moved to this county and settled on the present site of Warren. That was the first settlement in Salamonie Township. They continued together in that Township until their union was broken by the death of her husband, August 9, 1873. Since that time she has lived with her children. She is now living with her son, Samuel W. Jones. She is now in the ninety-first year of her age and is probably the only person liv- ing who is entitled to the credit of being one of the first settlers of Huntington County. She is supposed to be the oldest person in the county. SAMUEL W. JONES, one of Huntington Count} 's prominent farmers, is a native of Highland County, Ohio, born September 16, 1834. He was the third in a family of four children born to Samuel and Nancy (Reveal) Jones, a sketch of whom is given above. As stated above, the father and mother had located in this county the year previous to his birth, but a visit of the latter to her old home in Highland County, Ohio, during the following year, grants to our subject the distinction of being a Buckeye. The latter grew up to manhood at the home of his parents in this county, assisting to clear and cultivate the farm. He at- tended the district school, in which he secured a common school education. In 1857, he located upon a farm of his own in Section 36, Huntington Township, where he has ever since resided. His life occupation has been that of a farmer, and as such he has been very successful. Minerva Morgan, a native of Union County, this State, born April 30, 1835, became his wife August 35, 1857. She was the daughter of John and Barbara (Miller) Morgan, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter a native of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have had six children, John A., born Septem- ber 2, 1860; died September 13, 1863: Charles F., born June 20, 1863; Sarah E., April 6, 1867; Margaret E., born August 28, 1868, died December 6, 1870; Hannah E., born December 16, 1869, and Will- iam A., born February 13, 1871. Mr. Jones is a member of the F. & A. M., and I. O. O. F. Lodges, and a Democrat in politics. He owns a handsome farm of 160 acres, situated in one of the best farming districts in Huntington County. His farm is fitted up with good buildings and fences, and is a very desirable loca- tion. J. B. KENNER is a native of Maryland, having been born there November 5, 1S46, in the town of Hancock, Washington County. His father was Alexander Kenner, and was descended from an old and prominent family of Virginia, and was of Eng- lish descent. His mother is descended from the German, and came from the eastern shore of Maryland; her name was Burgan. Mr. Kenner lived in the town of his birth until he was eleven years of age, during which time he made rapid progress in school. In 1857 his father and his family removed to Huntington County and settled in the Township of Jackson, near the Whitley County HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 497 line — that part of the county at that time was very new, and schools few, and the boy engaged in what nearly every man and boy was then doing — clearing the forests from the new lands and securing a few months' country school in the winter. At an early age he began to make his own living, and we find him at sixteen years of age contracting and conducting contracts for himself. At sixteen years of age he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Indiana Volunteers, but on account of his age was not mustered. At seventeen years he again enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty- Second Indiana Volunteers and served until the close of the war. In the fall term, 1865, of the Roanoke Classical Seminary, he entered that excellent educational institu- tion and remained three years, except the winter term of each year, when he taught school. In 1868, having determined upon the profession of law for his life work, he began its study with Hon. H. B. Sayler, in Huntington, Indiana, and read diligently for two years, when he entered the law department of the Indiana University and took a course there in the law, graduating in March, 1871, with high honors and receiving his diploma invest- ing him with the honorable degree of Bachelor of Law. Mr. Kenner at once in April, 1871, began the practice of his profes- sion, and for sixteen years with but little interruption, has industriously and assiduously applied himself to his business. He has had, and still has, a large legal business, and his success in his business has been marked. In 1880 he was elected to rep- resent his county in the Legislature. He rose at once to promi- nence and was made the leader of the majority in the House by his party. He was chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, was chairman of the new State House Committee and was a member of the Judiciary and Revision of the Laws Commit- tees. The entire revision of the statute laws of Indiaiaa came before this Legislature, and its duties were arduous. The Ways and Means Committee, through Mr. Kenner, secured the passage of the bill revising the entire taxation system of the State, and gave us our present excellent statute. Through this Legislature he secured the passage of fifteen bills that became laws, among which is our present tax law entire: compelling passenger trains running through Indiana to place in each car an ax, saw, bucket and sledge; compelling minors who sell real estate to pay back purchase money before they can rescind their contracts; &,lIowing women in Indiana to hold school offices; free gravel road bills and many others. Besides this the signal ability and sound judgment of Mr. Kenner is seen in amendments or otherwise throughout the entire large amount of legislation of that long and busy session, and the enactments of the session of the Indi- ana Legislature of 1881 stand and are commended as none others have been recently. In 1880 Mr. Kenner entered into partnership in the practice of the law with Mr. John I. Dille, which firm has existed ever since, and their reputation as careful, able, and hon- orable men is heard on all sides and their success marked and 498 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. continued. In 1883 Mr. Kenner entered into a partnership with Mohler & Mohler, and purchased and edited since that time the Indiana Herald, and under their management the ring transac- tions among the county officers was exposed and laid bare and succeeded in defeating every Democratic candidate who ran on the county ticket in 1886, on account of this exposure. In 187ft Mr. Kenner became an Odd Fellow, and at once took rank in the order, and within ten years he had passed all chairs in the subor- dinate and Grand Lodges, and was at the head of the order, be- ing elect'ed Grand Master of the State, which arduous duty he performed with great ability, and during his year he arrested the standstill and lethargy in the order and filled it with new life, and added in the State 1,400 new members net gain. In 1873 Mr. Kenner was married to Minerva C. Morgan, daughter of John Morgan, Esq., and they have four children. His home is noted as a happy, cheerful one. GEORGE. W. KENNER, postal clerk on the Chicago & Atlantic Railway, is a native of Hancock, Washington Co. Md., where he was born April 33, 1850. He was the youngest of three sons born to Alexander and Ann Mariah (Burgan) Kenner, the former a native of Washington City, and the latter a native of Hagerstown, Maryland. In October, 1857, when George was but seven years of age, his parents came to this county and located in Jackson Township. There his youth was spent working upon a farm. During winter he attended the district school and he afterward continued his studies in the graded school at Roanoke. In September, 1873, he entered Hillsdale College in Michigan, and attended one term. In the meantime he had taken up the avocation of a teacher. In Sep- tember, 1874, he became a postal clerk on the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, a position he held about fifteen months. He then resigned with a view to secure for himself a better educa- tion, and in the latter part of 1875 he entered the normal school at Valparaiso, where he took a select course, completing it in the summer of 1878. During the following winter he taught school in this county. In 1880 he was appointed Census Enu- naerator for Japkson Township. In the fall of 1880 he went to Lincoln, Nebraska, where he was engaged in the insurance about nine months. He afterward was engaged in that busi- ness in Omaha three months. He then returned to Huntington and soon afterward accepted a position in the mail service on the Lake Shore Road. From this a few months later, he was transferred to the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Road. In September, 1883 he retired of his own accord. June 4, 1883, he entered the mail service on the Chicago & Atlantic and has thus continued ever since. He was married August 17, 1882 to Hattie White, daughter of David F. and Hannah (Maddox) White, the former a native of Ohio, and the latter a native of Warren County, this State . Mrs. Kenner was born in Tippecanoe County, HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 501 this Sbate, September 6, 185-3. This union has resulted in the birth of two children: Gresham, born July 18, 1883. and Edith, born October 10, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Kenner are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. In the fall of 1878 he was the candidate of his party for the office of Surveyor, but failed to overcome an opposing majority. He is an efficient postal clerk and a good citizen. ADAM Q. KENOWER, one of the pioneers of Huntington County, and an old and reliable furniture dealer of the City of Huntington, is a na.tive of Cumberland County, Pa., where he was born July 1-8, 1829. He was the fourth son in a family of nine children born to Jacob and Sarah (Wise) Kenower, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. When our subject was five years of age his parents came west- ward to Ohio, and settled in Clark County. After a residence of one year upon a farm they located in the village of New Carl- isle, of the same county, where the father worked at the trade j,g a carpenter. They left there when Adam was fourteen yea „ old, or in February, 1814, and came to this county, locating i what was then the village of Huntington. Here the father and mother spent the rest of their lives — their respective deaths oc- curring August 6, 1866, and July — , 1851. At the age of fifteen our subject began to learn the trade of a painter. This he picked up himself without any instruction whatever. He continued to work at this about six years. For some five or six years there- after he worked at finishing in his brother's furniture store. In 1863 he and his brother, John, formed a partnership in the furni- ture business. This partnership existed about two years and a half, when they sold out. From 1865 to 1868 Mr. Kenower was in the shingle business. In the meantime, in 1867, he had again engaged in the furniture business, in partnership this time with James R. Whiteside. That firm existed about thirteen months, since which time Mr. Kenower has carried on the business alone. He has a large and commodious store, well stocked, and is doing a good busiuess. September 28, 1851, he was married to Anna M. Taylor, a native of Mt. Holly, New Jersey, born June 18, 1831. She was the daughter of Charles and Mary (King) Taylor, both natives of Now Jersey, the former of Irish, and the latter of English descent. The latter traces her ancestry back to Eng- land — her grandfather being the son of an English Lord. Mr. and Mrs. Kenower are the parents of eight children: Carles E., born January 7, 1853; Kate P., born September 6, 1855, died in infancy; Willis E., born February 13, 1857; Jennie M., born Jan- uary 20, 1860; Mary C, born July 24, 1862, died October 1, 1868; S. Adda, born December 20, 1865; Herbert P., born May 22, 1867, and Sandford K., born July IS, 1870. Our subject and wife ar members of the Baptist Church. The former is a member of th 13 502 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. I. 0. O. F. Lodge, and a Republican in politics. He has been honored with the positions of City Clerk and Councilman, one year each. He is a charter menaber of the fire department, having been a member of that organization since 1856. JOHN KENOWER, who has been conspicuously identified with both the town and county of Huntington since 1841, is a native of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. He was the second son born to Jacob and Sarah (Wise) Kenower. The for- mer a native of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, was born October 6, 1791, and died in 18G6; the latter, a native of Cumber- land County, Pennsylvania, was born July 15, 1792, and died in 1854. They had born to them nine children, as follows: George, born January 2'', 1816; Mary Ann, born March 7, 1818; John, born March 2, 1820; David, born September 13, 1822; Catharine, born December 9, 1824; Sarah, born May 27, 1827; Adam Q., born July 18, 1829; Ann Elizabeth, born November 16, 1833, and Jacob, born November 19, 1834. The subject of this sketch remained in his native county, working upon his father's farm, until he reached the age of fifteen, at which time he accompan- ied his parents to Clark County, Ohio, locating with them upon a farm. In January, 1841, he left home and came to Huntington, which at that time, was a village containing scarcely more than a dozen houses. After working by the month for a short time, he turned his attention to the trade of a carpenter, and to this was joined, in 1847, the trade of a cabinet maker. From the former he retired about 1853, and from the latter in 1863. In the meantime in 1850^ he engaged in the lumber trade, and it is through this branch of industry that his influence has been so sensil^ly felt in the development of both the City and County of Huntington. In the course of a few years he had built up an extensive trade — confined neither to the county nor State. A ready market was thus provided for the product of the forest, as it melted away before the settler's ax. No indus- try has contributed so much toward the improvement and de- velopment of Huntington County, as this, through the indefatig- able push and enterprise of Mr. Kenower. March 18, 1842, he was married to Lucy H. Montgomery, who died on the 18th day of November, following. His marriage to Florence M. Binager occurred April 14, 1847. She died at the expiration of fifteen months, leaving a young child, that followed her a few weeks late'r. April 15, 1850, Mr. Kenower was married to Sarah Purvi- ance, by whom he is the father of four children: Clara J., William W., Elizabeth J., and John P. Our subject is a member of the Baptist Church, and in politics, is a Republican. He has held the office of County Commissioner two terms, and during his incumbency the present court house was erected. He has also been a member of the City Council a number of years. Various enterprises having for their object the accommodation HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 503- of the public, owe their success, more or less, to his untiring energy and enterprise. No name will shine more brightly to the- posterity of Huntington County than that of John Kenower. JOSEPH KINDLER, a citizen of Huntington, was born in Stark County, Ohio, April 5, 1842. He was the oldest of nine children born to George and Catharine (Saal) Kindler, both natives of Germany. The former came to America with his^ parents in 1833, and the latter came to America with her parents in 1840. Both settled with their respective parents in Stark: County, Ohio, where they were married in 18 >1. When Joseph was fourteen years of age, or in 1856, his parents came to this county, and settled in Jackson Township. There his youth was spent working upon a farm. When he became of age he went to Ft. Wayne, and was employed by Malline, Shunk & Co., manu- facturers of agricultural implements. Two years later he re- turned to the home of his father in Jackson Township, and later was employed upon a saw mill in that vicinity. Prom that on to the year 1875, he was variously employed. He was mar- ried November 17, 1870, to Margaret Fisher, a native of Ger- many, born July 24, 1848. She was the daughter of Jacob and Barbara (Walter) Fisher, with whom she came to America, and to the city of Huntington in 1853. Immediately after their mar- riage Mr. and Mrs. Kindler located in a comfortable little resi- dence at JSTo. 87 Poplar Street, where they have ever since re- sided. Since 1875, Mr. Kindler has acted as Street Commissioner of this city, and as such he has discharged his duties in a very creditable manner. Mr. and Mrs. Kindler have had born to them six children: Elizabeth, born January 24, 1872, died April 6, 1878; Katie C, born June 21, 1874, died April 6,1877; George, born September 1, 1877; John W., born March 4, 18S0; Barbara H., born October 29, 1882, died November 27, 1886, and Caroline C, born June 30, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Kindler belong to the Catholic Church. ISAAC KITT, one of the pioneers of Huntington County, and one of her most highly respected citizens, was born in Stark County, Ohio, December 15, 1809. He was the fifth in a family of fifteen children, born to Jacob and Barbara (Wolf) Kitt, both natives of York County, Pa., the former of English and German, and the latter of German descent. Jacob Kitt was born about 1781, and at the age of nineteen he was married to Barbara Wolf with whom he moved to Stark County, Ohio, in 1804. In about the year 1850 he came to this county whither his son, Isaac Kitt, had come in 1837. Here Jacob Kitt spent the rest of his life, his death occuring October 28, 1883, at the advanced age of one hundred and one years. When our subject first came to the county, he settled in the woods of Clear Creek Township. He im- mediately went about clearing his land and in the course of a few years he had a handsome farm. In those early days a great deal of 504 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. hard work naturally devolved upon him. He chopped, grubbed, burned brush, rolled logs, and in fact all kinds of hard work, which the development of a new country necessitates. He en- joys the credit of erecting the first frame barn, and of occasion- ing the presence of the first threshing machine and clover huller, in Clear Creek Township. Amid all the hard work during pio- neer life, he found time to shoulder his gun and pursue the deer, a thing he frequently did. He remained upon the scene of his labors until in March, 1875, when iie sold his farm, and since that time he has been a resident of Huntington. He was married June 5, 1833, to Catharine Slusser, a native of Adams County, Pa., born August 11, 1813. She was the daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Minnich) Slusser, both natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. They have had born to them ten children, as follows: Emeline, born Feburary 8, 1835, died Feburary 19, 1835; Delilah, born March 16, 1836, and Caroline born October 31, 1837. The next was Lucinda, born September 9, 1839. She was the second white child born in Clear Creek Township. Then Ma- tilda, born September 13, 1841; Jacob, born April 18, 1843, died September 22, 1871; Silvanus S., born September 11, 1845; Eliza- beth, born December 15, 1846; Amanda J., born December 13, 1849, and Sarah C, born May 12, 1857. Mr. Kitt is a member of the Lutheran Church and Mrs. Kitt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics the former is a staunch Democrat. His first vote was cast for Andrew Jackson and he has tenaciously supported the principles of the Democratic party ever since. Mr. and Mrs. Kitt have now lived together over fifty-three years, and they now have living eight children, twenty -three grandchildren and five great grandchildren. JESSE LANDIS, proprietor of the feed mill and saw gum- ming establishment on State Street, and an influential citizen of Huntington, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, December 25, 1841. He was the oldest of nine children born to Samuel G. and Mary ( Summers ) Landis, the former a native of Lancaster County, Pa., and the latter a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, both of German descent. His boyhood and youth were spent in his native county, during which time he was chiefly employed in a flouring mill and in a distillery. At the age of nineteen, or in the spring of 1861, he came to this county, and during the three years that followed he was employed as head sawyer in a saw mill. In May. 1864, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-Eighth Indiana Volunteers, with which he served until in September, 1864, when he re- ceived an honorable discharge. He then [returned to this county and took charge of a saw mill, owned by his father. To this his attention was directed about five years. On the 1st day of January, 1871, he went into the employ of Col. C. E. Briant, with whom he remauied nearly thirteen years. He began as a common laborer, but afterward cut staves four years HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 505 and then was employed as foreman, in which capacity he served seven years. He discharged his duties to the complete satisfac- tion of his employer, Mr. Briant, and the relations between them were at all times most amicable. Since September, 1883, he has given his attention to his feed mill and saw gumming establisnment. It has become one of Huntington's established industries, and the credit is all due to the energy of Mr. Landis. He wishes, however, to acknowledge his obligations to Col. Briant who has substantially aided him and contributed to his success. March 24, 1SG7, he was united in marriage to Mary C. Cawley, daughter of Phineas and Elizabeth (Van Dorsten) Cawley, the former a native of Luzern County, Pa., of English descent, and the latter a native of Stark County, Ohio, of Dutch descent. Mrs. Landis, was, also, a native of Stark County, Ohio, where she was born July 1, 1845. Her marriage to Mr. Landis has resulted in the birth of two children, Manasseh G. W., born April 16, 1868, and Oscar C, born February 19, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Landis are members of the Baptist Church. The former is a member of the G. A. R. EZRA T. LEE, Auditor of Huntington County, whose por- trait appears in this work, is a native of Delaware County, this State, and was born June 36, 1840. He was the youngest son born to William and Margaret (Haney) Lee, natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. When he was six years old his parents came to Wabash County, and located in the woods. There he grew up to manhood working upon a farm. At the age of eighteen he took up the vocation of a teacher in which capacity he was successfully engaged for about twenty- one years. His summers were spent upon a farm. He came to this county in 1863 and located upon a farm in Huntington Township. About a year later he came to the city of Huntington, but a year after he located upon a farm in Union Township. There he was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits until the time of his election to the Auditor's office, which occurred in the fall of 1883. While a res- ident of Union Township he was honored with the Trustee's office two terms, and the Assessor's office two terms. He was married November 5, 1863, to Amanda A. fCindall, by whom he has three children: Laura V., Margaret A. and Elda V., all of whom are living. Margaret A. was married to William H. Line, and resides in the city of Huntington. Our subject is a mem- ber of the L O. 0. P., F. & A. M., K. of P., and Royal Arcanum societies, and a Democrat in politics. WILLIAM H. D. LEWIS, one of the pioneers of Hunting- ton County, settled with his parents in the woods of Union Township, in 1835. This was the first white settlement in the township. He was born in Niagara County, IST. Y., October 20, 1830, Doing the eldest of eight children — five boys and three girls — born to John and Mariam P. (Douglas) Lewis, both natives 506 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of the state of New York, of English descent. When William was about three years old his father removed to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and for a short time he continued the business of merchan- dising, a pursuit he had previously been engaged in at Niagara ■County. Thence he went to New York City and conducted a livery until he came to this county as aforesaid, in 1836. In 1844 our subject accompanied his father to Ft. Wayne, whence he be- came his partner in mercantile pursuits. The firm name was Lewis & Son. A year later they came to Huntington. Here they resumed merchandising and also took charge of a large saw-mill which they had purchased, at the junction of the Wabash and Little Rivers. About one year later their store was moved to the site of the naill and the two industries received their attention a number of years, abandoning the store in 1851, and the mill in 1856. In the spring of 1857, he engaged in the hardware business in this city, in connection with his father and William Hunter. The name of this firm was Hunter & Lewis. Later on it was changed to J. & C. H. Lewis & Co. It thus con- tinued until dissolved by the death of his father in 1870. The firm then did business until 1878, under the name of C. H. Lewis & Co. William Lewis then formed a partnership with his son- in-law, J. R. Weaver, and for six years they conducted a dry goods and notion store in this city. In April, 1884, the store was moved to Decatur, 111., where it is now conducted by Mr. Weaver. Mr. Lewis, however, still retains his interest. He was married November 16, 1845, to Minerva L. Shearer, a native of New York, born December 17, 1824. She was the daughter of Merrick and Asubah (Moody) Shearer. She died August 12, 1849, and on the 7th day of December, 1851, Mr. Lewis was married to Celinda W. Swail, who was born in the city of Thorold, Canada, June 13, 1831. She was the daughter of James H. and Louisa (Webster) Swail, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter a native of Utica, N. Y. Her father was of English and her mother of English and Scotch descent. By his first wife Mr. Lewis had one child, Lucy A., married to J. R. Weaver, and resides in Decatur, 111. Mr. Lewis and his present wife have had six children,. Douglas W., William H., Anna L., Willie, John H. and Jennie H., all of whom died in infancy, except Anna L. She became grown, was mar- ried to B. F. Meech, in April, 1880, and died in April, 1883, leaving one child, Charles L., who is now with his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis. Our subject is a member of Mystic Lodge of F. & A. M., No. 110, Huntington Chapter No. 27, Huntington Council No. 51, La Fontaine Lodge of I. 0. O. F. No. 42, and of Silica Fons Encampment No. 88. He was the first Mason initi- ated, and at present is both the oldest Mason and Odd Fellow in Huntington County. DANIEL S. LEYMAN, M. D , is a native of Columbiana ■County, Ohio, and was born December 30, 1825. He was the fifth son born to Jacob and Naoma Leyman, natives of Virginia and HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 507 Pennsylvania, respectively, both of German descent. Our subject grew up to manhood in his native county, working upon a farm. At the age of seventeen he began the study of medicine. After attending one course of lectures in a medical college in Cleve- land, Ohio, he entered upon the practice of his profession in his native county. He came to the City of Huntington in May, 1851, ever since which time he has been actively and successfully en- gaged in the practice of his profession. In connection with the practice of medicine he is also interested in the drug business, having engaged in the latter in ISSl. February 11, 1817, he was married to Martha Manchester, who died February 11, 18G1, leav- ing two children, Sarah E. and Edward M., both of whom are living. He was married to Amanda M. Mitten, by whom he is the father of one child, Lawrence E, Dr. and Mrs. Leyman are members of the Presbyterian Church. The former is a member of the F. & A; M. Lodge. JOHX LUDWIG, a prominent farmer of Huntington Town- ship, was born in Germany, March 17, 1830, being the fifth in a family of fourteen children born to Arnold and Ann (Grouse) Ludwig, with whom he remained working upon a farm un- til he was twenty-one years of age. On reaching this age, he bade his father, mother and friends good-bye and came to America, reaching the City of New York about the 1st of May, 1851. He made his way to Warren Co., Ohio, where he was em- ployed in a tannery about fifteen months. He then went to the northern part of Wisconsin, where he was in the employ -of the Wisconsin Leather Company seven years, after which he farmed for one year in that locality. In 1859 he came to Huntington County and engaged at the tanning business in Huntington. He thus continued with success for ten years. In 1869 he lo- cated where he now resides, and since that time his attention has been given to farming and stock raising. February 20, 1857 he was married to Louisa Celtex, who also is a native of Ger- many, born November 4, 1843. She was the daughter of Peter and Margaret (Molitor) Celtex with whom she came to Amer- ica, when she was nine years old. Mr. and Mrs. Ludwig are the parents of eleven children: Matthias, Mary, John, Louisa, John P., Anna, Christian, Joseph, Charley, Maggie and Theresa. Mary, John, Anna and Maggie are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lud- wig are members of the Catholic Church. WILLIAM B. LYONS, M. D., is a native of New Castle County, Delaware, and was born September 2, 1818. He was the son of Ira E. and Mary (McDonald) Lyons, both natives of Dela- ware, the former of Irish, and the latter of Scotch descent. In the fall of 1834 he accompanied his father to Perry County, Ohio, In the spring of 1851 he came to the City of Huntington where he has ever since resided. In 1850 he attended a course of medi- cal lectures at Cincinnati. In the spring of 1805 he graduated 508 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. from Rush Medical College, Chicago, and he is also a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Indianapolis. March 24, 1843, he was naarried to Mary A. Ream, by whom he has had three children: George F., Ira A. E. and William B. The first and last died aged thirty-one and twenty-two, respectively. Dr. and Mrs. Lyons are members of the Presbyterian Church. The Doctor has reached the thirty-second degree in Masonry. MARQUIS De Lafayette martin, proprietor of a lum- ber yard and planing mill, is a native of Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio, and was bom November 13, 1830. He was the youngest child born to Budd and Catharine (Sherarts) Martin, the former of Scotch, and the latter of German descent. His parents were the first white persons married in Northern Ohio, and the young- est brother of his mother, whose name was John Sherarts, was the first white male child born in Erie County. Ohio. A more extensive record of these facts is given in a History of Ohio. Our subject was an orphan before he had lived a half dozen years, his mother having died when he was five years old, and his father having died when he was but two weeks old. His home was made with an uncle and sister until he reached the age of ten, when he became employed in a woolen mill in Bir- mingham, Ohio. He was thus employed in various places in Ohio for fifteen years. He spent the winters, however, attending school, and from the age of fifteen to the age of eighteen he at- tended an Academy at Talmage, Summit County, Ohio. In the spring of 1862, he came to Huntington, and for some four or five years thereafter he was employed as a carpenter in the yard of the Wabash & Erie Canal. He continued for a number of years in the employment of his brother-in-law, C. L. Thorne, but in 1880 he purchased the necessary machinery and set up a mould- ing machine and bracket saw. His son, E. B. Martin, became his partner in this business. In 1883, the firm took charge of their present planing mill and lumber yard, on State Street. August 1, 1853, he was married to Clarissa L. Thorne, by whom he is the father of two sons: Almon G., and Elmer B. Mr. and Mrs. Martin belong to the Presbyterian Church . JACOB MARTIN, lime manufacturer, was born in Germany, November 25, 1853. He was the oldest of nine children — five of whom are living — born to Frank and Elizabeth (Baltes) Martin, with whom he came to America, and to Huntington County in 1873. The family located in the vicinity of the lime-kilns one mile east of Huntington, where they still continue to reside. Ja- cob attended the schools of his native country until he reached the age of thirteen. At fourteen he took up the avocation of a carpenter, at which he worked about four years and a half. Im- mediately after locating in this county he became employed upon the lime-kilns, and this industry has furnished him employ- ment ever since. He was married November 18, 1884, to Amelia HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 509 Lisman, daughter of Frank and Theresa (Hubrich) Lisman, of this county. Mrs. Martin was born in New York, October I, 1865. They are the parents of one child: Clara, born Au- gust 22, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Martin are members of the Catholic Church. PETER MARTIN, one of Huntington's prominent and influential citizens, is a native of Germany, and was born August 31. 1855. He was the second in a family of nine children, born to Frank and Elizabeth (Baltes) Martin, who also were natives of Germany. Our subject spent his boyhood and early youth in his native country. As soon as he became old enough, he entered school, which he continued to attend both in winter and summer, until he was thirteen years of age, at which time he quit school and began to learn the trade of a stone mason. This was finished in due time, and to it his attention was devoted in Germany, until he reached his seventeenth year, when in the spring of 1872, in company with his father, mother, three broth- ers, and one sister, he came to America. On reaching this country the family immediately continued westward, and some- time during the month of June, they arrived in the City of Hunt- ington. The parents, Frank and Elizabeth Martin, at present reside one mile east of this city. During the first two years of his residence here, our subject worked at his trade, and it is worthy of mention, that in this he became quite proficient. On retiring from his trade he engaged in the manufacture of lime, and to it his undivided attention has been directed ever since. At the time of its organization in 1880, he became a member of the Huntington White Lime Association, with which he has been actively identified ever since. He was married June 8, 1880, to Elizabeth T. Rausch, who was born in Huntington, June 9, 1857. She was the eldest of six children, born to Anton and Catharine (Wolter) Rausch, both of whom were born, reared and married in Germany. They emigrated to America, and to the village of Huntington, in about the year 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Martin are the parents of three children: Mary H., born January 31, 1881; Adelaide M., born November 24, 1882, and Edward M., bom November 28,1884, all of whom are living. Our subject and his wife are members of the Catholic Church. MICHAEL MAST, a locomotive engineer, is a native of Ger- many, where he was born September 27, 1846. He was the oldest of nine children born to Leo and Agnes (Hays) Mast, with whom he came to the United States when he was nine years of age. The family located at Sandusky, Erie Co., Ohio, where the early youth of our subject was spent attending school. At the age of seventeen he became employed in his father's cooper shop, but shortly afterward he became an apprentice in the Fulton Machine Works, of Sandusky, with a view to learn the trade of a machin- ist. He remained there nearly three years, after which he ac- 510 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. cepted a position as machinist for the Domestic Sewing Machine Co., Qf Norwalk, Ohio. About eight months later, or in October, 18B7, he was employed in the shops of the Erie Railway Co., at Buffalo, New York. In April, 1870, he went to Kansas and took the position of machine foreman at Olatha, having entered the employ of Wells, French & Co., railway contractors of Chicago. He continued to pursue the avocation of a machinist, until in May, 1872, when he became a locomotive engineer on the R. R. I. & St. L. Railway. He has been employed almost ever since as an engineer, though this vocation has been more or less inter- rupted by his trade to which be has occasionally given his atten- tion. He has acted in the capacity of a locomotive engineer upon the B. & M., the Union Pacific, the K. C, St. J. & C. B., the N. W. O., and the O. C. Railroads. He has been employed as a locomotive engineer on the C. & A. Railway since September 10, 1883. He was married March 12, 1869, to Rosa Cecelia Klees, a native of Dayton, Montgomery Co., Ohio, born December 28, 18i7. She was the daughter of Nicholas and Cecelia (Yetzer) Klees, natives of Prussia and Switzerland. They are the parents of nine children, all of whom are living: Augusta E., Mary J., Lenora A., Agnes C, Etthia M., Veronica F., Monica R., Martha H. and Blanch L. Mr. and Mrs. Mast are members of the Cath- olic Church. The former is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. JOHN McCARTY, contractor, is a native of County Wexford, Ireland, and was born September 12, 1826. He was the second of six children born to Michael and Catharine (Lacy) McCarty, both natives of Ireland. John grew up to manhood in his native country, working upon a farm. At the age of twenty-four — or in 1850 — he emigrated to America, reaching New York City on the 22d day of May. During the first few months he did such work as he could find to do in the State of New York. He, how- ever, soon continued westward, and on September 8th, of the same year, he found himself, with his family, in the village of Huntington. This has been his place of residence ever since. After coming here he was variously employed for five or six years. In June, 1856, he was appointed Street Commissioner — a position he held seven years. He then engaged in the hoop- pole and lumber business. Since 1866 his vocation has been that of a contractor, and as such he has had fair success. June 24, 1849, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Ellen Callaghan, daughter of Martin and Catharine (Morrissey) Brawders. She was born in County Wexford, Ireland, January 6, 1826. Mr. and Mrs. McCarty have had born to them thirteen children — ten of whom are living. Their names are Richard, Catharine, Johanna, John M., Ella M., Mary T., Elizabeth P., Martin S., Patrick M., William J., Edward T., and a daughter and son that died in in- fancy, unnamed. Elizabeth P., also died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. McCarty are members of the Catholic Church. HUNTINGTON —CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 511 HON. SAMUEL McCAUGHEY.— The parents of this gentle- man, James and Elizabeth McCaughey, emigrated from Ireland to the United States in i796, and resided near the City of Phila- delphia until 1806, when they removed to Stark County, Ohio, being among the earliest settlers in that locality. Their son Samuel was born in Stark County, Ohio, August 13, 1814. In a region so recently settled by white men, it was not possible for him to enjoy educational advantages of a high order, and the only school at all accessible was situated two miles from his home. It was a private school and sustained by private enter- prise. He continued to attend during the winter until he at- tained his nineteenth year, when he took charge of the school, teaching the winter terms. He taught this school three winters, saving his earnings to defray his expenses at an academy. Dur- ing the summer he then took charge of the public school at Mas- sillon, and continued teaching and superintending his farm near Massillon until the spring of 1845, when he was appointed Post- master at Massillon, and filled that position during the adminis- tration of James K. Polk. November, 1846, he married Miss Elizabeth Avery Hunt, at that time a resident of Massillon, but a native of West Winfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y. In April, 1849, he was elected Trustee of his township, filling that office two years. In November, 1851, he removed to Huntington County, Ind., and purchased 320 acres of land in Clear Creek Township. A saw mill having been erected on the tract purchased by him, he at once engaged in the lumber business. The uncleared land of the neighborhood being heavily timbered with black walnut and poplar, furnished material for an extensive business, to which he devoted himself, shipping large quantities of lumber east. In 1856 he was chosen Township Trustee, and two years later he was elected Treasurer of Huntington County. Re-elected in 1858, he served four years. He was subsequently elected Repre- sentative for the counties of Huntington and Whitley, and repre- sented those counties in the Legislature during the session of 1863. At the expiration of this teriji he determined to abandon public life, and accordingly retired to Pleasant Grove (his farm), and has since devoted himself to agriculture. In politics he has always been a Democrat; and in religion the family are Presby- terians. He is now one of the most highly esteemed residents of the City of Huntington. JOHN McGLINN, one of Huntington County's pioneers, and one among the early settlers of Lancaster Township, was born in County Longford, Ireland, September 18, 1810. He was the oldest of five children, born to Philip and Ellen (Connell) McGlinn, both of whom were also natives of Ireland. John spent his boyhood and youth in his native country, attending school and working upon a farm. He continued to attend school until he reached the age of nineteen receiving a good early education. On leaving school he worked on the old home place 512 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. until he reached the age of twenty-five, when in May, 1837, he bade his father, mother, brothers and sisters good-bye and emi- grated to America, reaching the City of New York, October, on the 21st day of the month. He immediately continued his journey westward, and on the 3d day of June, he reached the home of an uncle in Union County, this State. After a brief visit he became employed on the White Water Canal which was then in course of construction. He was thus employed two years. He then engaged in mercantile pur- suits in the village of Philomath, Union County. Two years later — or in 1843 — he came to this county, and during the two years which followed he conducted a country store in Lancaster Township. He then purchased a tract of land in that township upon which he located and resided until 1870, at which time he removed to a farm one mile north of Huntington. There he resided until in April, 1874, since which time he has been a resident of Huntington. He was married May 23, 1843, to Esther Groodlander, a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, and daughter of Jacob aud Mary ( Oiler ) Ooodlander, the for- mer a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter a native of Mary- land, both of German descent. Mrs. McGlinn was born March 9, 1823. Mr. McGlinn is a member of the Catholic Church, and a staunch Democrat in politics. He is now in the 77th year of his age, but possesses the health and strength of a man a score of years younger. HAEVEY H. MILLER, one of the merchant tailors of the City of Huntington, was born in the City of Eaton, Preble County, Ohio, November 6, 1833. He was the only son born to Isaac and Jane C. (Irvin) Miller, the former of whom was born in Jacksonburg, Butler County, Ohio, of German descent, in 1811. He died in Jacksonburg, Ohio, in 1840. The latter was born near the mouth of the Potomac River, in Virginia, about 1815. Her death occurred in the City of Logansport, this State, in 1838. She was of Irish descent. His paternal grandparents were lison and Catharine Miller, the former of whom was a native of Germany. His maternal grandparents were Abraham and Maria (Lunsford) Irvin, both natives of Virginia. The former was a soldier in the war of 1812, and the latter was the daughter of Darius Lunsford, who was a soldier in the Revolution. When our subject was but four years old his parents came to this State and located at Logansport. That was in 1837. There the mother died a year later, when the father returned to his native place in Ohio, where he died as aforesaid. Our subject, however, who was a child of but five years of age, was left in Cass County, with his uncle, Lewis L. Irvin. There he made his home, working upon a farm until he had attained the age of twenty- one years. At that age he became a clerk in a store in Fulton, Fulton County, this State, where he remained until 1860. He then accepted a like position in the City of Logansport and was thus engaged HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 513 until July 2, 1861, at which time he enlisted in Company F Twentieth Indiana Volunteers. After serving eighteen months as a private he was promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant. In this capacity he served until July 8, 18CJ,when he received an honorable discharge. His services were confined to the campaign on the Potomac, where he participated in thirty-three different engagements, some of the most important of which are as fol- lows: The Seven Days' Fight near Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, The Wilderness and Spottsylvania. At Fredericksburg he was wounded by concussion resulting from the bursting of a shell, but it did not prove of such character as to necessitate a desertion from the post of duty. Shortly after the battle of Gettysburg the regiment to which he belonged was sent to New York City to suppress the riot and force the draft. While there he obtained a leave of absence and returned to Fulton, where on the 1st of November, 1863, his marriage oc- curred to Kate R. Wheelock, who was born m Michigan in ISil. On leaving the army he returned to Logansport, where he re- mained until August 1, 1882, when he came to this county and first located at Andrews. November 19, 1886, he came to this city, where he expects to continue to reside. His occupation since the war has been that of a merchant tailor. Mr. Miller is the father of three children : Charlie W., Jennie May and Evie Bell — all living. Our subject and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge and G. A. R. MICHAEL MILLER, of Huntington Township, was born in Ohio^ April 25, 1854. He was the third in a family of thirteen children — eight sons and five daughters — born to John and Sarah (Seidner) Miller, both natives of Ohio, of Dutch descent. When Michael was yet a child but two years of age, his pa- rents removed to this State, and located in Jefferson Township, Whitley County. There his early life was spent working upon his father's farm. He attended the common school, in which he re- ceived an ordinary common school education. At twenty years of age, or December 31, 1874, he was married to Mary A. Swine- heart, also a native of Ohio, born of Dutch and Irish descent. May 26, 1855. It is a notable fact that she is just one year, one month and one day younger than her husband. Mrs. Miller is the daughter of Henry and Bridget (White) Swineheart, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respectively. During the first year after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Miller resided upon the old home place owned by the former's father, in Whitley County. In March, 1875, they came to this county and settled upon a farm in Jackson Township. Two years later they removed to Clear Creek Township, where they resided until February 2, 1887, when they located in a handsome brick residence which Mr. Miller had erected in Section 10, Huntington Township. They are the parents of five children — four daughters and one 514 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. son. Their names are: Laura M., born March 3, 1876; LucinaA., born December 8, 1877; Bertha E., born October 1, 1879; Maggie P.,' born May 26, 1882, and Harvey Cleveland, born June 18, 1884,' all of whom are living. Our subject and his wife are members of the German Baptist Church. In politics the former is a Democrat. Since locating in Huntington Township, Mr. Miller has turned his attentiun to breeding of thoroughbred horses. He is the owner of several specimens of Norman horses, to which he expects to add others in the near future. LAMBDIN P. MILLIGAN, lawyer, is a native of Belmont County, Ohio, born March 24, 1812. His ancestors emigrated to Maryland with Lord Baltimore's Colony. His father, Moses Milligan, was born in Baltimore, and at the age of thirteen en- tered the Revolutionary Army, in which he continued until the close of the war. He was afterward in the border war with the Indians along the Ohio River at Wheeling, Marietta and else- where. In 1794 he married Mary Purday. She was in the block house at Wheeling when it was attacked by the Indians. Her brother, Robert Purday, and his family, were massacred by the Indians four miles east of Wheeling, Va. Her father, John Purday, was in the British Army and belonged to one of the Cav- alry Regiments known as the Irish Grays. Lambdin P. Milli- gan's early education was limited to a few months' attendance at a subscription school before he was eight years of age. His father being fond of reading had a good library for that day, and at an early age Col. Milligan showed a decided taste for reading. Upon condition of good conduct and faithful labor until he was eighteen, his father promised to educate him for the medical pro- fession. When the time arrived, however, his raother remon- strated against elevating, as she supposed, one of the children above the rest, and yielding to her desire, his father proposed to compensate in money and land. Refusing this offer. Col. Milligan left home intending to qualify himself to study medicine, but owing to the wrangling and ignorance in the profession, he de- cided to study law. He worked with great energy, and on the 27th of October, 1835, at the head of a class of nine, one of whom was Edwin M. Stanton, was admitted to the bar in the Supreme Court of Ohio. On the same day he was married to Sarah L. Ridgeway, who died November 20, 1870. August 12, 1873, he married Mrs. Maria L. Cavender, daughter of Marshall Humphrey. Col. Milligan always had a taste for farm work. In 1846 he re- moved to Indiana, and attempted to clear a farm. As he suflEered from epilepsy, however, he was compelled to abandon it, and in 1853 returned to the practice of the law. He soon became one of the foremost members of his profession — in important cases always losing sight of self in the interest of his clients. He was never a politician, and is too frank to make a successful one. He was an ardent opposer of the late war and freely expressed his views of the result. For this he was arrested, tried by a Mil- HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 515 itary Commission and sentenced to be hanged. His sentence was commuted by Secretary Stanton to imprisonment for life. Col. Milligan, however, denied the jurisdiction of the Commis- sion and sued out a habeas corpus, which was certified on demurrer to the Supreme Court of the United States. While it was there many overtures were made by the Administration to induce him to dismiss the case. He was offered pardon for himself and all implicated, but answered that he wanted no pardon as he had done nothing which he would not repeat; and after eighteen months' imprisonment the Supreme Court decided that the Com- mission had no jurisdiction of his person. On his return home he received one of the greatest ovations ever given to any man in the State. He is held in high esteem by his neighbors and fel- low lawyers. Col. Milligan is tall, straight and broad shouldered, with a fair complexion, light hair and blue eyes. He enjoys vigorous health, having been little effected by age. JOHN MHsTNICH, one of the proprietors of the flouring mill operated by Minnich & Strous, is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, and was born March 9, ISiS. He was the second in a fam- ily of eight children born to Michael and Sophia E. (Miller) Min- nich, both of whom were natives of Germany. The father emigrated to America at the age of nineteen, or in 1835, and first settled in Pennsylvania. The mother emigrated to America with her parents and settled with them in Ohio. While John was yet a young child his parents removed to Crawford County, Ohio, and when he was eight years old they came to this State and settled in Allen County. Five years later they came to this county and located at Eoanoke. His father was a miller by trade, and in this John found employrhent during vacations — spending the winters attending school. In 1861 the family removed to Polk Township, the father having purchased a mill property near Mt. Etna. From this home, in May, 1864, John entered Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-Eighth Indiana Regiment, and entered the One Hundred Day Service. He received an honorable discharge in October following. He then returned to the home of his father in this county, and until the fall of 1867 he attended school and worked in his father's mill. During the winter of 1867 and 1868 he taught school. In June, 1868, he accompanied his father's family back to Roanoke. In 1872 our subject came to Hunting- ton and took employment in the mill of which he is now one of the proprietors. It was then owned by Uriah Fink. He re- mained in his employ about eight years. December 12, 1881, Mr. Minnich, in connection with Adam Strous, purchased the mill property, and to this the attention of Mr. Minnich has been di- rected ever since. January 14, 1869, he was married to Elizabeth Kitt, a native of this county, born December 15, 1847. She is the daughter of Isaac and Catharine (Slusser) Kitt, residents of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Minnich are members of the Metho- 516 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. dist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the G. A. B,., and in politics is a Democrat. He has held the office of trustee in Huntington Township one term. ABRAHAM MISHLER, one of Huntington County's pioneers and one of her most highly respected citizens, was born in Stark County, Ohio, October 20, 1824. He was the second in a family of six children — three sons and three daughters, born to John and Elizabeth (Rosier) Mishler, both natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. When Abraham was but six years of age his parents removed to Montgomery County, Ohio, where his boy- hood and youth were spent working upon his father's farm. At the age of twenty-one — or January 6, 1846 — he was united in marriage to Rebecca Smith, a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, born April 9, 1823. She was the ninth in a family of twelve children, four sons and eight daughters, born to Jacob and Cath- arine (Stover) Smith, both natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. Immediately after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Mishler came to Huntington County and settled in the woods of Clear Creek Township. The former at once set about clearing his land, and to do this occasioned for him a great deal of hard work. He chopped, grubbed, burned brush, rolled logs, plowed, and in fact, everything that the development of a new country necessitates. The course of improvement went on, and in a few years the forest was converted into a good farm. He and his wife contin- ued upon the farm until May the 20th, 1880, when they removed to a comfortable home on the Mishler Pike, just northeast of Hunt- ington. They have had born to them five children: Mary Jane, John H., and three others that died in infancy, unnamed. Mr. and Mrs. Mishler are members of the German Baptist Church. JOHN H. .MISHLER, of Huntington, was born in Clear Creek Township, this county, March 28, 1849. He was the sec- ond in a family of five children born to Abraham and Anna Rebecca (Smith) Mishler, who emigrated from Ohio to this county in the fall of 1846. John spent his early life working upon his father's farm. At the age of twenty-two — or March 9, 1871, he was married to Anna R. Henderson, a native of Wayne Co., Ohio, born March 2o, 1853. She was the daughter of James and Sarah (Stecher) Henderson, formerly of Clear Creek Township. This union resulted in the birth of four children: Hattie B. James L., Mirtie May and Sadie E., all of whom are living, ex- cept Sadie, who died in infancy. On the 21st day of January, 1886, Mr. Mishler suffered the bereavement of losing his beloved wife. Immediately after his marriage, Mr. Mishler began farm- ing for himself at which vocation he continued until the spring of 1881, since which time he has been a resident of Huntington. While a resident of this place his attention has been devoted chiefly to the grocery business. '((h(A/i/^ (2. HUNTINGTON — CITY AND TOWNSHIP. 519 EDWARD MIZE, an old citizen of Huntington Township^ was born near Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, February 18, ISls! He was the son of Joseph and Catharine (Walker) Mize, the- former of whom was born in Virginia, of German descent. When he was six years of age his parents removed to Wilkes' County, N. C, where he grew up to manhood working upon a farm. His father died there, and about 1832, he and his mother came to this State, and located in Wayne County. In 1813, thev came to this county and settled in Section 28, Huntington Town- ship. Mr. Mize has there pursued the vocation of a farmer ever since. Politically he supports the principles of the Repub- lican party. He is a hard working man, and an honored citizen. ALONZO D. MOHLER, A. M., is a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, born January 26, 1848. His ancestors were from Germany, who came to this country in the eighteenth century. His father, Amos Mohler, was a native of the Keystone State, and his mother (Maria Rasor), of Ohio. They were married in Ohio, and had ten children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the eldest. The father, in early life, learned the carpenter trade, and for a number of years was engaged in building. He followed his occupation for a number of years, near Dayton, Ohio, and then moved to Shelby County, Ohio, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1865, the family removed to Hunting- ton, Indiana, where the father again engaged in the building trade. Alonzo D. learned the carpenter trade with his father, and afterward took instructions in cabinet making. Up to the time he was twenty years of a^e, he had received no more than a common school education; but after some private instruction, he entered the Freshman class of Asbury (now De Pauw) University, at Greencastle, Ind., where, after four years of study, during which time he supported himself, by working at the cabinet maker's bench, of afternoons, he graduated in 1873, with the degree of A. B., and in 1876 he received the additional degree of A. M. Soon after graduating from college, he took charge of the Muncie High School, and after one year's service went to LaGrange, Ind., to take charge of the public schools of that place; his work there was such as to place the schools in the front rank in the State. He remained in LaGrange seven years, and in 1881 took charge of the Lima, Ind., schools, remain- ing there three years. In 1883 he purchased an interest in the daily and weekly Herald, of Huntington, and in 1884, became one of the editors of the paper. In 1885 he was elected County Superinten- dent of Schools, for Huntington County. On January 1, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah A. Davies, born in Hunt- ington, July 27, 1850. She is a daughter of Jesse Davies, who is one of the old settlers and business men of Huntington. To Mr. and Mrs. Mohler have been born two daughters, viz.: Inez, and Ruth. The elder daughter, Inez, died October 19, 1885. Mr.. Id 5!80 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Mohler is a Republican in politics, a member of the I. 0. O. F. and K. of P. orders. He also is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and an active worker in the Sabbath School cause. O. E. MOHLER, the son of Amos and Maria Mohler, was born in Lockington, Shelby Co., Ohio, February 9th, 1855. His father was at that time engaged in mercantile business, and here the family resided until April, 1865, when they removed to Indiana, locating in Huntington. For a number of years after coming to Huntington the subject of this sketch was employed as office boy for Dr. D. Yingling, who took a great interest in him, and it was during this time that the lad was inspired with a desire to complete a collegiate course, which desire was always warmly encouraged by the Doctor, and henceforth every effort was bent in that direction. Compelled to earn his living, his studies were kept up at night, after the day's work was done, and thus he was prepared, when he was enabled to go to college, to enter the Freshman year. With the opening of the factory of Col. C. E. Briant, he took employment, and there remained for several years, but in the summer of 1871 he entered the Herald office as an apprentice, under John F. Moses & Co. His appren- ticeship served, he remained the better part of another year as foreman of the office, and until the fall of 1885, he had saved enough money to start on his cherished desire — a collegiate course — and "that year he entered the Freshman class at Asbury (now DePauw) University. During the four years in that insti- tution he worked his way, setting type in the offices during the afternoons and going to recitations in the mornings, and gradu- ated with his class in 1879, receiving the degree A. B.; and three years later the same institution conferred on him the degree A. M. During the summer of 1878, and from June, 1879, until April, 1883, he was city editor of the Huntington Democrat. At the latter date he secured an interest in the Indiana Herald, and for four years, with his brother, A. D., and J. B. Kenner, con- ducted the paper under the name of The Herald Printing Com- pany ._ On the 1st of May, 1887, this company consolidated with the ISews-Express Company, under the name of the Herald and News-Express Company, Mr. Mohler still retaining an interest, and he was chosen as manager and one of the editors, which po- sition he now fills. In politics, he is a Republican, expressing his views fearlessly, and he is thoroughly sincere in his belief. In religious belief, he accepts the tenets of the Methodist Episcopal' Church, having been a member of that denomination for the past twenty -two years. He is also a member of La Fontaine Lodge, I^-'^J_=^ DALLAS TOWNSHIP. 627 JON"AS H. LEE, boot and shoe merchant and Postmaster at Andrews, is a native of Miami County, Ohio, born April 3, 1839, being the eldest of eight children born to William and Margaret (Haney) Lee, who were natives of Botetourt County, Va., and Hamilton County, Ohio, respectively. They emigrated to Dela- ware County, Indiana, in 1837; in 1816 they removed to Wabash County, from whence they came to Huntington County in the spring of 1865, to which our immediate subject had preceded them in the year 1857; they remained residents of this county until their death — the former dying April 11, 1871, and the latter, February, 1877. Jonas was raised in the different counties in -which his parents resided, receiving a limited education, such as the facilities of those days afforded. His father being a shoe- maker he learned that trade which he has since made his principal occupation. February 12, 1853, his marriage with Eliza A. Palmer, of Wells County, Indiana, was solemnized, and to their union thirteen children have been born, of whom these eia:ht are now living: Samuel P., who married Naomi McElvaine; Maggie, now Mrs. Wm. Dundermann; Evangeline, wife of Wm. A. Whitestine; Hezekiah, unmarried; Ida and Ada, twins, unmarried; Emma, consort of W. D. Cole, and William. In 1877, he established his present business. He has a fine store, enjoying a good remuner- ative trade. He is a member of I. O. 0. F. fraternity. His polit- ical views are Democratic. He has held several municipal offices, and in 1885 he was appointed Postmaster for the town of Andrews, being the present incumbent of that position. With the excep- tion of four years, he has been constantly in business at Andrews since 1865. Samuel P. is operating the manufacturing portion of the business. With the exception of Evangeline, who lives in Michigan, and his two sons, Hezekiah and William, who are now in Como, Colorado, all the children are residents of Huntington County. SAMUEL J. LEEDY, senior member of the firm of Leedy Bros. & Lynn, merchants at Andrews, is a native of Preble County, Ohio, where he was born, March 17, 1840, being the eldest of a family of eight children born to Joseph and Lydia (Wilter) Leedy, who were natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. They emigrated to Indiana and Huntington County in the fall of 1853, locating south of Andrews, where they continued to reside until about 1878, when they came to Andrews, where they now live. Our subject was reared to manhood on a farm. He re- ceived a common education in the schools of the vicinity. No- vember, 1863, his marriage with Adeline Snowden was solemnized, and to their union this one child has been born: Jennie E. Mr. Leedy has been engaged in the mercantile trade and farming all his life. From a business point of view he has been successful. They have a fine store and enjoy a good remunerative trade. In politics he is a Republican, and most generally manifests a good, live interest in the political affairs of the county and community 19 628 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. in which he lives, where he was honored with an election to the office of Township Trustee in 1876, re-elected in 1878 and in 1884. In addition, he has several times been elected to municipal offices. LESSEL LONG, merchant, dealing in hardware and farm- ing implements, of Andrews, was born in Eandolph County, Ind., February 20th, 1838, the eldest of a family of seven children born to Alfred and Lurany (Jackson) Long, who removed to Hunting- ton County in 1846, locating in Polk Township, where they lived until their death. Lessel grew to manhood on the farm, receiving a meagre education in consequence of the poor facilities of those days. At the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to learn the blacksmith trade, which he continued to follow as a jour- neyman and proprietor of a shop until 1802, when he embarked in the manufacturing of carriages at Andrews. April, 1861, he had enlisted in the army and was mustered in Company F, Thir- teenth Kegiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry for the three months' service. At the expiration of his term he returned, and October, 1862, re-enlisted in the same company and regiment and was present at all the engagements in which his regiment took part, until May 10, 1864, when at the battle of Chester Station, he was taken prisoner. He was for the first twenty-one days incar- cerated in Libby Prison, after which he was removed to Ander- sonville and was confined there most of the time until the close of the war. He has thoroughly pictured the horrors of those prisons in a work entitled "Twelve Months in Andersonville," which gives a graphic account of all that Union soldiers suffered in those pens of filth and torture. From the time of his return from the army until 1877, he was engaged in carriage manufac- ture. At the latter date he embarked in his present business which has grown to be quite extensive and profitable. Septem- ber, 1866, his marriage with Mary A. Thomas, was solemnized, and to their union four children have been born, of whom these three are now living: Florence, Arthur L. and Fred E. Mr. Long belongs to the G. A. R. and Masonic fraternities. Politi- cally he is an ardent Republican, and has been elevated to several municipal offices, being the present year incumbent of the po- sition of Town Treasurer. FRANCIS McKEEVER, deceased, was a prominent citizen of Dallas Township, was a native of Virginia, was born July 6, 1833, the son of Patrick and Elizabeth McKeever, the former of Irish, and the latter of Scotch descent. When the subject of our sketch was but one year old, his parents emigrated to Ohio, where he grew to manhood, receiving a common school educa- tion such as the facihties of those days afforded. February 25, 1857, Miss Sarah Yantis became his wife. Two years later they emigrated to Indiana, first settling in Wabash County. In 1865, they removed to this county, of which he continued a resident DALLAS TOWNSHIP. 639 until his death. He always made farming and stock raising his occupation, devoting the most of his attention to the latter branch of that pursuit, in which he was pre-eminently success- ful. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. McKeever nine children were born, these six now living: Myra, now Mrs. George Myers; Sam- uel, unmarried; Lena, wife of Charles Cummings; Clara, consort of Charles Snowden, Fannie and Frank. January 16, ] 869, the com- munity of which Mr. McKeever was an honored and respect- ed resident, was startled with the announcement of his meet- ing with an accident which cost him his life, while cutting ice on the Wabash River. He was a member, as is his surviving widow, of the jMethodist Episcopal Church, they having united with that organization about fifteen years prior to his death, and was a class leader. In politics he was a Republican. STEPHEN" M. MINNICH, a leading citizen of Andrews, was born near Springfield, Clark County, Ohio, December 7th, 1833, being the only child of John and Mary (Miller) Minnich, who were natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respectively. They were among the pioneer settlers of Wabash County, to which they re- moved about 1838, and where they lived until the year 1868, when they came to Andrews, living there until their death, the mother dying May, 1868, and the father. May, 18^3. The immediate sub- ject of our sketch grew to manhood in Wabash County, receiv- ing a.limited education, commensurate with the facilities afforded children at that time. In youth and early manhood he was en- gaged in work in his father's saw and grist mill at Dora. The year 1858, in company with Amos Parrett, he embarked in the mercantile business at Dora, which they continued for a period of two years, when Mr. Parrett retired, Mr. Minnich continuing in the trade for six years, when James Heslet purchased an inter- est, and the business was conducted for a period of two years under the firm name of Minnich & Heslet, when Mr. Minnich re- tired, removing to a farm two miles east of Dora. Five months later he came to Andrews, and again engaged in merchandising in company with Samuel Leedy, which lasted a few months, when Mr. Leedy's interest was purchased by Kautz & Son. A number of parties were at different times engaged with Mr. Minnich, until finally, he secured entire control, and conducted the business alone for a number of years. In 1878 he was com- pelled to retire on account of failing health. July, 1853, he was united in marriage with Mary Baker, by whom he is the father of three living children, viz.: Iva, now Mrs. Freeman Blake, Emma and Flora. While not a member of any church, he is a believer in the hopes of a Christian religion, on ardent Repub- lican in politics, and a man of pronounced temperance views. SAMUEL MOORE, a farmer of Dallas Township, is a native of North Carolina, Perquimans County, where he was born Sep- tember, 25, 1818, being the next eldest in a family of eight 630 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. children, born to John and Margaret (Evans) Moore, who- •were also natives of North Carolina. They emigrated from there to Wayne County, Ind., in the year 1835. In 1837,. they came to Huntington County, of which they remained residents until their death. Our immediate subject was reared at the various places that his parents lived, receiving a common education such as the subscription schools of his day afforded. He remained at home and assisted his parents until he attained the age of twenty-eight years. October 7, 1846, his marriage with Elizabeth Wiley was solemnized, and to their union seven children have been born, of whom these four are now living: Minerva, now Mrs. Sam E. White; Vincent, whose -wife was Emma Morris; Allen, whose consort was Emma Dryden, and John B., unmarried. His occupation has always been farming, and he has been very successful. He now owns 120 acres of improved land. He and wife have been life long members of the Society of Friends. In politics, he is a Republi- can; but never sought any political preferment. JOHN S. MORRIS, an influential citizen, is a native of Pickaway County, Ohio, born October 4, 1819, being the third in a family of six chilnren, born to Richard and Catharine (Schoch) Morris, who v^ere natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania respectively; the former died when our subject was quite young. After that he was reared, until he attained the age of fifteen, by his grandfather. He, at that age, commenced life's battle for himself by engaging as a farm hand, which vocation he pursued until nineteen years of age, when, for several years, he was occu- pied with divers pursuits, emigrating to Indiana and Adams County in 1839, where he entered 120 acres of land. He remained a resident about one year, removing thence to Allen County, staying there until 1846. He had, for some time prior to the latter date, been engaged in operating a saw-mill for Mayor Edsell, at Ft. Wayne. Upon coming to Huntington County, he located at the Forks of the Wabash, and entered the employ of John Lewis, operating a saw-mill for him, continuing with him until June, 1849, when his marriage with Mary J. T. Carnett was solemnized. He immediately removed to Loon Creek, and entered into partnership with Amos E. Richardson, erecting a saw-mill on the banks of that stream, which they continued until 1864, when they disposed of their mill and removed to what is now Andrews, having sometime prior erected a steam mill at that place. About one year later Mr. Richardson retired, Thomas King purchasing his interest in the business. A short time subsequent Abraham Leedy bought Mr. King's share. A little over a year after, John Kenower secured Mr. Leedy's inter- est. They continued to operate the mill until 1872, when Mr. Eli Jones purchased the business for an interval of one year. Mr. Morris was not engaged in any particular business. In 1873, in company with James B. Galloway and C. E. Briant he bought DALLAS TOWNSHIP. 631 the factory of Morgan & Davrenport. Shortly after Mr. Oalloway retired and the business was conducted for two years under the firm name of Morris & Briant. November 18, 1875, Mr. G. W. Bell purchased Mr. Briant's interest, and the business has since been conducted under the name of J. S. Morris & Co. They manufacture staves, heading, shingles, lumber and fencing. They are doing quite an extensive business. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Morris nine children have been born, of whom these six are now living: Mary L., wife of Vandorn Van- doring Root; Viola, now Mrs. T. Mills; Benjamin T., Maxwell P., Dessie and Letta. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, also belongs to the Masonic and I. 0. 0. F. fraternities. JAMES P. PLUMMER, a prominent farmer of Dallas Town- ship, is a native of Richmond, Wayne County, where he was born August 17, 1843, the third in a family of four children born to John T. and Sarah 0. (Peirce) Plummer, who were natives of Montgomery County, Md., and Portsmouth, N. H., respectively, their marriage occurring at Bristol, Penn., November 15, 1837, moving soon after to Richmond, where they lived until their death. Our immediate subject was reared in his native town, receiving a common education, such as the subscription schools of those days afforded. He served a two years and nine months' apprenticeship learning to be a mill-wright, after which he en- gaged in work at the carpenter's trade, which he followed for a number of years, when in 1871. he removed to Huntington County, of which they have almost continuously remained resi- dents. May 20, 1869, his marriage with Margaret A., daughter of Joseph E. Moore, was solemnized, and to their union these six children have been born: Anna M., Emma S., Arthur J., Lewis W., Joseph E., and Olive Auretta E. Since 1871, he has made farming his principal occupation, in connection with which he has worked some at the carpenter's trade. He and wife are members of that branch of the Friend's Church, known as Hickites. He has pronounced temperance views, and is a strong advocate of the principles of the Prohibition party. JAMES W. RHODES, blacksmith and wagon maker, of An- drews, is a native of Fayette County, Ind., where he was born, July 4, 1847, being the eighth in a family of ten children born to Ezekiel and Isabel (Williams) Rhodes, who were natives of Vir- ginia and Kentucky, respectively, their marriage occurring in subject's native county. They removed to Wabash County in the year 1848, where they lived until their death, the latter dying in 1853, and the former, 1804. Our subject was reared in Wabash County, receiving a common school education, such as the facil- ities of those days afforded. At the remarkably young age of sixteen years, November 7, 1863, he entered the service of his country, enlisting in Company L, of the One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth Regiment of Indiana Cavalry, where he served 632 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged at In- dianapolis, October, 1865. He was present and participitated in the battle of ISTashville, in addition to several minor skirmishes. After his return from the army he engaged to learn his trade, at which he has since worked, and he has been very successful. He has a good shop and enjoys a good, profitable trade. Sep- tember 18, 1870, his marriage with Clara Brewer was solemnized, and to their union three children were born, of which these two are now living: Benjamin and Gertrude. March 19, 1886, Mr. Rhodes suffered the bereavement of losing his beloved wife. In politics he is a Republican, and is a member of the town school board. October, 1880, he located at Andrews, and is doing a thriving business. JOHN E. SPENCER, of Huntington County, was born in "Wayne County, this State, December 7, 1840. He was third of nine children — six sons and three daughters — born to William L. and Hannah L. (Lancaster) Spencer, both natives of Har- ford County, Md. The former was of Scotch and English, and the latter of English descent. When his parents removed from Wayne to Huntington County, and settled in the woods of Dallas Township, our subject was but four years old. His boy- hood and youth were spent assisting to clear and cultivate his father's farm. In winter he attended the district school, receiv- ing a fair knowledge of the ordinary branches of learning. Later on he taught school, during the winter of 1864 and 1865. In the meantime he had begun to farm for himself, and in July, 1862, he settled on a farm near Lincolnville, Wabash Co. In the spring of 1865 he returned to Dallas Township, and in Sep- tember, 1869, he emigrated to Kansas. There he pursued the vocation of a farmer, until July, 1875, when he again returned to Dallas Township, in which he still resides. He continued in agricultural pursuits until April, 1886, since which time he has superintended the management of the Huntington Creamery Co. He was married July 16, 1863, to Zada A. King, daughter of Thomas W. and Sally (Thompson) King, both natives of Dutch- ess County, N. Y. Mrs. Spencer was born in Henry County, this State, in 1837. She died, February 7, 1876, and on the 7th day of February, 1878, Mr. Spencer was united in marriage to Olive Spencer, daughter of George W. and Jane (Hall) Spencer, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter a native Ohio. Mrs. Olive Spencer was born in Wabash County, this State, March 27, 1855. By his first wife Mr. Spencer was the father of five children: Harriet K., AUice D., Albert L., Harry K., and Tillie May, of whom the first, second and fourth are deceased. He and his present wife have had born to them four children: Lee W., Linden H., Mary V., and a son that died in infancy, un- named. Our subject is a member of the Quaker Church, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and an ardent DALLAS TOWNSHIP. 633 Eepublican in politics. He has frequently been elected to var- ious township offices, but it was always against his will. DANIEL WINTRODE, a citizen of Dallas Township, and a member of the family that was one of its first settlers, is a native of Stark County Ohio, born near Canton, November 7, 1834, be- ing the eighth in a family of thirteen children born to Henry and Elizabeth (Shiveley) Wintrode, the former a native of Delaware. They emigrated to Indiana and Huntington County from Ohio in the fall of 1838, locating permanently in Dallas Township, of which they remained residents until their death. Our immediate subject was reared to manhood in this township, receiving a comnaon school education, such as the facilities of those days afforded. He remained at home and assisted his parents on the farm un- til he attained the age of twenty- four years. January 11th, 1849 his marriage with Hannah Beauchamp was solemnized. She was a daughter of Russ and Hannah Beauchamp, and to their union nine children have been born, of whom these six are now living: Henry R., who married EmmaRynearson; Curtis C. whose wife was Martha Jones; Ruth A., now Mrs. John Holdren; Levi Albert, unmarried; Lizzie F., and Samuel P.; Lillie D., who died the wife of Albert Fullheart, and Charles O., Jeanafre A., are the deceased children. He has always made farming his occu- pation and he has been very successful. He now owns about 330 acres of well improved land, which includes considerable town property. He belongs to the Odd Fellows' fraternity Loon Creek Lodge, No. 332. In politics he is a Democrat. Mr. Wintrode, for the seven years immediately subsequent to his coming to Huntington County, was engaged in work for the Miami Indians. He acquired their language and frequently served as interpreter for traders. He relates many interesting anecdotes, among which was a narrow escape from being shot by an Indian known as Slim Mr. Jimica, while engaged in test- ing their skill as marksmen. Mr. Wintrode had fired and hit centre. The Indian after examining the target reported back to Mr. Wintrode, you have hit centre and I am going to kill you, and would have carried out his threat had it not been for the intervention of a squaw who knocked Slim Mr. Jimica's gun to one side just as he fired. He was frequently present at their war dances. Mr. Wintrode was in those days physically a pow- erful man, and several times worsted several of the tribe who were determined to kill this same Slim Mr, Jimica who had in- curred the enmity of certain ones of the tribe by killing some of their friends. SAMUEL WINTRODE, a prominent farmer of Dallas Town- ship, and a member of the family, which was its first settlers south of the river, was a native of Preble County, bom August 3, 1837, being the youngest of a family of thirteen children, born to Henry and Elizabeth (Shiveley) Wintrode. There our subject 634 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. was reared on the farm, remaining with his parents until he at- tained the age of twenty-four years, receiving a common school education such as was to be acquired in the primitive log school houses of those days. October 14, 1860, his marriage with Clar- rissa Stephenson was solemnized, and to their union twelve chil- dren have been born, of whom these ten are now living: Daniel 0., Sarah L., wife of Simon Beauchamp, David N., Minnie A., Albert and Alonzo (twins), Maude, Jacob, Lodella and Earl; Samuel and Flonala, were the deceased children. February, 1860, he entered the service of his country, enlisting in Com- pany B, One Hundred and Fifty-third Regiment of Volunteer Infantry, serving until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged September 5, 1865. He has always made farming his occupation and he has been very successful. He now owns 314 acres of improved land. He belongs to the I. O. O. F., a member of Loon Creek Lodge, No. 322, also belongs to the G. A. R. frater- nity. In politics he is a Democrat and was honored with an elec- tion to the office of Justice of the Peace in 1874, while a resi- dent of Polk Township. Mrs. Wintrode is a daughter of Samuel and Phoebe (Buffington) Stephenson, who were among the first settlers of Polk Township. JACOB M. ZINSMEISTER, a farmer of Dallas Township, is a native of Bavaria, Germany, born near Steinwenden, in Can- ton of Lanstuhl, February 5, 1833, being the eldest of a family of eight children born to Jacob and Eve (Schreor) Zinsmeister. He was reared in his native country. He received a common school education, remaining at home with his parents until he attained the age of twenty years, when, in May, 1853, he emi- grated to the United States, and first settled in Stark County, Ohio, where he continued to reside, with the exception of three years, when he lived in Montgomery County, Ohio, until 1867, when he removed to this country, where he has since made his home. April 30, 1867, his marriage with Margaret Urshel was solemnized, and to their union twelve children have been born: Emma, Katie A., Eliza, John P., Amanda, Flora, Phoebe, Will- iam F., Mary, Charles L., Joseph and Benjamin. For ten years, from 1856 to 1866, he worked at the carpenter's trade. Since 1867 he has made farming his occupation, and he has been very suc- cessful. He now owns 120 acres of well improved land, the im- provements, including a fine commodious brick dweUing, and his barns, etc., are in keeping with the house. He and wife are members of the German Evangelical Church. He is a man of pronounced temperance views, and is identified with the Prohi- bition party. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 635 CHAPTER X. Jackson Township — Location and Natural Features — Era OP Settlement — Land Entries — Organization — Relig- ious — Improvements — Sundry Events — Roanoke — Bio- graphical Sketches. TACKSON TOWNSHIP lies in the extreme northeast corner tJ of Huntington County, and includes a geographical area of thirty-six square miles, designated as Congressional Township 39 north. Range 10 east. Little Wabash, the principal water course, flows through the township from northeast to southwest, and receives a number of small tributaries, among which are those having the euphonious names of Bull, Cow and Calf creeks, all of which water and drain considerable areas of rich farming lands. The surface of the township is diversified, being broken along the creeks and gently undulating in the central, western and northern parts. The inhabitants are an agricultural people, and within the borders of the township are some of the best improved farms, fine dwellings and other evidences of pros- perity as are to be seen in any other division of the county. Era of Settlement. — The completion of the Wabash & Erie Canal through Jackson Township, early in the thirties, offered inducements to settlers, and among the first comers were a num- ber of workmen employed in the construction of that waterway. Several of these were sojourners rather than settlers, and their stay being limited to a very short period. Their names, together with all facts concerning them, have long since faded from the memory of the oldest inhabitants. From the most reliable infor- mation accessible, the first permanent settlement within the present area of the township appears to have been made by Jared Darrow, as early as the year 1837. He moved here from Rochester, New York, "and settled a short distance south of the present site of Roanoke, where he made substantial improve- ments, clearing the first land and raising the first crop in the northeastern part of Huntington County. His family, at the time, consisted of. four persons, one of whom, a son, Dr. D. C. Darrow, afterward became a leading physician and prominent business man of Peru, Indiana. The following year, 1838, Frank Dupuy moved to the town- ship and settled where David Roberts now lives, about half a mile west of Roanoke. Others of 1838, were: Nathaniel Decker and father, Mr. South wick, James Thompson and Kennel L. Eskridge, all of whom located in the vicinity of Roanoke Village. In May, 1829, Paul H. Salts joined the settlement, locating near what was then known as the Dickey Lock, on the present site of Roanoke, 636 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. where he lived a couple of years, working in the naeantime on the canal, then in process of construction. He subsequently moved two miles north of the town and located the farm now owned by George Hamilton, upon which he made some of the earliest improve- ments in the township. He was a i-esident of Jackson for a num- ber of years, and is still living, making his home at this time with his children in Whitley County and the City of Huntington. Sam- uel and Edward Gettis were perhaps the next permament settlers in the township, their arrival antedating the year 1840. They were originally from Ohio, but moved here from Blackford County, the former settling the Daniel Richard farm two miles west of Roan- oke, and the latter improving a farm about one and a half miles southwest of the village. Samuel died about 1862, and Edward was drowned in the canal a number of years ago. David Hallowell moved to the township in an early day and settled on land now owned by the Cutter family west of Roanoke, where he lived until his removal to Iowa, in 1853. He was a man of local prominence, took an active interest in the development of the country, and early held the oflSce of Justice of the Peace. An- drew Boggs came as early as 1839 or '40, and settled the Young farm west of Roanoke. He moved to Indiana from Delaware, and remained a resident of Jackson until 1850 or '51, and is remembered as a very intelligent and public spirited citizen. Conspicuous among the early settlers between Roanoke and the Union township line were the Mahon family consisting of ArcniDald, Samuel, William and Monroe Mahon, all of whom located near the village which still bears their name. Samuel followed boating for a number of years, and at one time gave considerable attention to the practice of law in which he is said to have been quite well versed. Archibald was master of a packet on the canal for some time, and William is remembered as a lawyer and a very skillful hunter. Horace Rockwell about the year 1840, settled where Jacob John now lives, in the northwestern part of the township, and about the same time Nicholas Friend and son Harvey, made im- provements in the same locality, the former locating the Robertson farm and the latter clearing land in the vicinity. Nicholas Friend was a true type of the backwoods pioneer, a daring hunter, and found his greatest pleasure in pursuing the game, in which the woods at that time abounded. Between the years 1840 and 1847 the population of the township was increased by the arrival of a number of families, the names of only a few of which were given to the writer. One of the earliest in the forties was John Jester, who made improvements one mile east of Roanoke, and a little later came David Voorhis, who settled first on the "Col." Jones farm, from which he subse- quently moved two miles northwest of the town, to the place now owned by Hiram Dustan. Eli Blount, a trader and fur buyer, was an early settler in the northern part of the township, as were also S. C. Putnam, Elsworth Morrison, Daniel Welker, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 637 James Wire, Peter Simons^ and Abraham Simons, the last two of whom are still living where they made their first improvements. Peter Erick entered land in Section 3, near the Whitley County line, in 1835, and moved to the same several years later. He was one of the earliest settlers m Northern Jackson, and in addition to farming, carried on the blacksmith trade for a num- • her of years. W. Crakes, in 1836, entered land in Section 1, but did not become a resident of the township until several years after that da,te. He lived at different places, but finally located where his widow now resides, a short distance west of Eoanoke, in Section 16. In 181:3, F. A. and Emanuel Yahne, father and son, former residents of Union Township, moved to this part of the county, the former settling where James Young now lives, and the latter making temporary improvements about two and a half miles southwest of Roanoke. F. A. Yahne, the father, moved from the township a number of years ago, and has long since passed from earth to the life beyond. E. Yahne moved to his present farm, two miles west of Roanoke, in 1848, and later moved to the town, where he still resides — the oldest living settler in the township at this time. Prominent among the pioneers in the southern part of Jackson, was James Pur- viance^ who about the year 1843 or '44, settled where his son William is now living. He was a successful business man, accumulated a handsome estate, and departed this life a num- ber of years ago. Additional to those enumerated the fol- lowing men came to the township in an early day and participated in the many hardships and dangers incident to a life in the wilderness, namely : Andrew and J ames Branstater, Artis Campbell, George Shank, Joseph Collins, Andrew Sours, ■ Sours, Charles Haywood, Benjamin and Leonard Bowers, Charles Robbins, Jacob France, Conrad Viberg, Jonah Wire, Aaron Sewell, Thomas Hackett, Stephen Wilson, Conrad Weaver, William Parrott, John Weaver, L. D. VanBecker, William Tate, Thomas F. Chaney, Elias Chaney, Charles Comstock, James Salsbury, William Hall, John Newman, Benjamin Hoover, 'Ben- jamin Ebersole, John Ager, D . H. Rose, Isaac Ager, William Peyton, Joseph Blount and many others. Land Entries. — It is a notable fact that nearly all the land ■within the present limits of Jackson Township was originally entered by speculators, who disposed of it at good prices to the settlers. The first entries were made in 1835, during which year patents were obtained by the following persons, to- wit: J. O. Moore, Levi Beardsley and Peter Erick, in Section 3. William H. Bell, in Sections 4 and 5. Jesse Mendenhall, Vincent Gilpin and John Gilpin, in Sections 6 and 7. William H. Bell and Henry Elsworth in Section 9. J. O. Morse, Levi Beardsley, Charles Walker and Charlotte Walker, Section 10. Jesse Verm- ilyea and Madison Sweetser, in Section 14. Charles Ewing, Lousia Ewing and Latimer R. Shaw, Section 15. Munson Beech, Section 18. Joseph S. Cabot, Peter Olden and Oliver Benton, {538 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Section 19. Sinclair, Section 31. Peter Odlin, Oliver Banton and Jacob Ricker, Section 28. Valentine Armitage, Section 32. Irrace T. Conley, Section 33. Of the above, Vincent and John Gilpin, William H. Bell, Peter Odlin and Latimer Shaw, pur- chased lands in various parts of the township. Entries during the year 1836, were made as follows by M. L. Barber, S. A. Rus- sell and McTaggett, in Section 1. Lott M. Bayless, Section 3. Allen Barnett, Sections 6 and 7. Brown, Morrison, McDowgall, Witt and Bracken bridge, in Section 8. William Rookhill, Ed- ward Gettis and Eli Blount, Section 10. John S. Bobbs, Section 12. L. G. Thompson, L. A. Morris, Section 17. Theodore Olcott and Allen Barnett, Section 18. S. Hanna and J. S. Hanna, Section 20, and John Stephenson, Section 21. A number of entries were made in the years 1837 and '38, and by the latter part of the forties nearly all the available lands of the township were purchased, and patents for the same obtained from the government; the last recorded entry has date of Janu- ary, 1851, at which time Lots No. 1, 2, 3, and i, 276 acres in Section 23, were purchased by Jacob Miller. Organization. — Prior to the year 1841, the territory constitut- ing Jackson, was comprised within the boundaries of Clear Creek Township, but at the September term of the Commissioners' Court that year it was laid off with its present area and organized as a separate jurisdiction. The order of the Board providing for the organization also designates the time and place at which an election for the purpose of choosing the necessary officials for the new township shall be held. This election was held at the resi- dence of Samuel Gettis, April, 1812. The contest was attended with considerable excitement, there being two contending factions, known as the "Mahon" and "People's Party" respectively, each pressing the claims of favorite candidates. "More than sixty votes were cast, and as that exceeded the number of qualified voters in the township, it was generally believed that illegal means had been employed to carry the election." When the votes were counted, the following persons were found to have been elected, viz.: John Johnson, Justice of the Peace; Eli Blount, William Mahon, and Samuel Mahon, Trustees, and Mr. Mahon, Senior Clerk — a decided victory for the " Mahon Party." The following persons held the office of Justice of the Peace in an early day, viz.: E. Hallo well, William Parrott, Thomas Hackett, and Samuel Dougherty. Among the early Trustees were: George Shank, Stephen Wilson, Thomas Hackett, Elsworth Morrison, and Rufus Blount. The first Trustee elected under the present Con- stitution was John Dinius, since the expiration of whose term the following gentlemen have discharged the duties of the office, viz.: Dr. H. S. Heath, R. C. Ebersole, R. G. Morrison, Thomas Eakin, Michael Minnich, Samuel H. Grim, William T. Purviance, James Highland, A. S. Goodin, and the present incumbent, Oliver Johns. The following citizens of Jackson have been called at different times to fill county offices, to-wit: David Christian, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 639 Commissioner and Treasurer; T. A. Eakin, Commissioner; John H. Barr, Representative; William Hendry, Representative; George Keefer, Henry Dinius, and R. C. Ebersole, Commissioners, and William Windle, County Treasurer. Religious. — " Until 1849 the cabins of the settlers served as churches, and religious services were conducted by ministers of various denominations, who came by chance to the township." "The first religious meeting was conducted at the cabin of Nicholas Friend, about the year 1810j and subsequently services were held at the residence of Andrew Boggs." These and other early meetings were attended by all the settlers for miles around, and were occasions of bringing the people together in a social as well as religious capacity. Denominational lines were not so strongly drawn as in later years, and the religious services con- ducted by preachers who paid little attention to elaborate prep- aration, were participated in by all, irrespective of church or creed. Ministers of the Methodist Church were the first to preach the gospel among the sparse settlements of Jackson, and at quite an early day a class was organized in the northern part of the township, to which the name Wesley Chapel was subsequently attached. Among the first members of this organization were Peter Erick and family, David Voorhis and family, and Thomas Hackett and family. The first meetings were held at the resi- dences of the different members, and in a neighboring school house, and it was not until about the year 1850 or 1851 that the erection of a house of worship was attempted. The first church edifice — a hewed log structure — was built on the land of Peter Erick, about two miles north of Roanoke, and answered the pur- pose for which it was intended for a period of eight or ten years. It was then torn away and replaced by the present frame build- ing. The church, owing to deaths and removals, is not so strong as formerly, but is still in a healthy condition, and capable of ac- complishing much good in the community. The pastor in charge at this time is Rev. Francis Robinson. Following the Methodists came ministers of the Lutheran Church, and in an early day quite a flourishing society of that denomination was organized in the southern part of the township, where a neat temple of worship was subsequently erected. The church has an active membership, and is reported in very prosperous condition. Among the early settlers of Jackson, were a number of per- sons belonging to the United Brethren Church, and ere long they met and organized a society in the southwestern part of the township, which has since grown to be one of the most aggres- sive congregations in the country. A house of worship was erected in 1860, since which time the organization has enjoyed a good degree of prosperity . Rev. A. Cummings, of Huntington, is the present pastor. Pleasant Chapel, United Brethren Church, in the northwest corner of the township, was organized in an early day, and a frame house of worship subsequently erected on the land of 640 MISTOKY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Moses Brandenburgh. In 1883-4 the old building was replaced by the present commodious brick structure, which, supplied with all the modern improvements, is one of the finest church edifices outside the city of Huntington, in the county. The congrega- tion is large and the church, under the efficient labors of Eev. M. Parker, the present pastor, is reported in a very prosperous condition. "The denominations above represented in this town- ship, have been very successful in their efforts for the spiritual good of the community, and have been marked by increasing memberships." Improvements. — ^The Wabash & Erie Canal, which passes through the eastern part of the township, was an important fac- tor in inducing immigration to this part of the county, and its influ- ence in developing the resources of the country was more marked than any other public enterprise. Along its line were made the first settlements of the township, and until the completion of the Wabash Railroad it was the principal means offered for the transportation of the surplus products of the country. The first legally established highway in Jackson, was the road which tra- verses the township in a northwesterly direction, from Hunting- ton to Fort Wayne, known as the Fort Wayne road. It was surveyed and improved in 1838. The township is at this time supplied with a number of good highways, which traverse the country in different directions. They are all well improved and their superior condition speaks well for the public spirit of the citizens. The first mill in the township was built by Lemuel G. Jones, at Roanjke, in 1845, a description of which will be found in the sketch of that village. The first saw mill outside of Roanoke, was built by John Isiewman, in the southern part of the township. It was in operation a number of years and did quite an extensive business. Thomas Hackett, in 1850, erected a saw mill on Cow Creek, a short distance west of Roanoke, which he operated until about the year 1864. It was a water mill, and did a successful business until the latter year, when the dam was washed out, after which the building fell into decay. There have been other mills in operation throughout the township at differ- ent times, and the lumber business was at one time the leading industry of the country. The other manufacturing interests of the township will be mentioned in the sketch of Roanoke. Sundry Events.— The first white child born in Jackson Town- ship was Lemuel S. Salts, son of Paul H. Salts, whose birth oc- curred in 1539. The union of Joseph Satel and Sarah Darrow, daughter of Jared Darrow, in 1838, was the first marriage cele- brated in the township. Joseph Blount and Elesta Boggs were united in marriage about the year 1841, and the year following Harvey Friend and Jane Hallowell were united in the holy bonds of wedlock. Other early marriages were those of Frank Dupuy to Sarah Chading, about 1841, and Emanuel Yahne to Emily, daughter of Edward Gettys, December 7, 1843. Early in the forties occurred the first death in the township. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 641 that of Francis Dupuy. Nicholas, son of Samuel and Harriet Gettys, died about the year ISii or 1843, and Susan, daughter of the same parents, departed this life a little later. They were both laid to rest in the old burying-ground, two miles west of Roan- oke, where were also buried in an early day many of the first residents of the township, among whom may be mentioned: Sarah, the wife of Edward Gettys, Elizabeth, wife of Andrew Boggs, David Hallowell, Mrs. Margaret Hallowell, Edward Gettys, Samuel Gettys, Mr. Morrison and Hiram Wade. The cemetery at Wesley Chapel was consecrated to the burial of the dead sometime in the forties, and the grave yard south of Eoanoke was used for burial purposes about the same time. There are, in addition to the above, two other cemeteries in the- township, viz.: Odd Fellows and Catholic grave yards, near the town of Roanoke. While Jackson has always sustained the reputation of a peaceable and law-abiding community, there was at an early day, a cruel and unprovoked murder committed on the canal, near the little place called Mahon. It appears that one Mr. Ster- man, a man of a very quarrelsome disposition, had a little mis- understanding with a boatman, and in the altercation the latter was shot down without any provocation whatever. The mur- derer was arrested, tried and sentenced for a term of years in the State's Prison, from which he was subsequently released to enter the army. At the close of the war he went to Kansas, where, with two other men as wicked as himself, he was afterward im- plicated in the murder of an innocent settler, for which all three were banged by a mob of indignant citizens. The names of his accomplices were Ross and Miller, both at one time residents of this township. About the year 1852, or 1853, a man by the name Lloyd Nelson, while looking after his fishing nets, was drowned in the Little Wabash River, one mile from Roanoke. When dis- covered, his body was partly on the shore, and being a dissipated man, the supposition was that he was under the influence of whisky when he fell into the water. One Lewis Ross, was acci- dentally drowned in the canal basin at Roanoke early in the fifties, and a little later a boatman, name unknown, met death in the same way by falling into the lock while a boat was passing. Another accidental death was that of William Mahon, who shot himself while hunting on the Little Wabash. He was in a canoe at the time, and in attempting to row under a log, the hammer of his gun was caught by a twig and the contents discharged in his leg and body. When discovered he was lying in the water quite dead. The death of Mrs. Horace Rockwell at Roanoke, a number of years ago, was an event that cast a shadow of gloom over the entire community. The death of her husband a short time pre- vious, occasioned her such intense grief that for a period of over one week she absolutely refused all food and nourishment of any kind, and when at length she was prevailed upon to take some 642 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. nourishment^ the weakened conditioned of her stomach was such, that the reaction proved almost immediately fatal. Sam- uel Gettys was accidentiy drowned in the canal many years ago, and the recent death of Dr. A. B. Chaffee, in 1886, by an overdose of morphine, supposed by some to have been taken for the pur- pose of committing suicide, is still fresh in the minds of the people. Toiun of Roanoke. — The Town of Roanoke is situated in Sec- tions 14, 15 and 38, Township 29 north. Range 10 east, and dates its history from about the year 1847 or '48. The town was an out- growth of the Wabash & Erie Canal, and early became not only a prominent shipping point, but also the chief source of supplies for a large area of territory in Huntington, Allen and Whitley Counties, being at that time the principal trading place between Fort Wayne and the town of Wabash. The construction of the Dickey Lock was the immediate cause that led to the birth of the village, and within a short time thereafter the first building was erected on the town site by Capt. Columbia, said to have been the first residence of the town. Among the earliest comers to the place were a number of canal employes, and about the year 1847 a man by the name of Bilby opened a small store in a little frame building that stood near the lock on the east bank of the canal. Lemuel G. Jones, in 1848, purchased the building, and for about three years thereafter, carried on a fairly successful mercantile business, his principal customers being those who ran boats on the canal. Prior to engaging in merchandiz- ing, Mr. Jones erected a saw-mill at the lock, and a couple of years later, built a large flouring-mill on the same spot, which began operations in the fall of 1848. The mill received its motive power from the waters of the canal, and for a number of years was the largest and most successful enterprise of the kind in Huntington County. It was operated from tinae to time by different parties, and did an extensive business until destroyed by fire a few years ago. This mill and the store early formed the nucleus of quite a flourishing settlement, and within a couple of years the influx of population was such that the owner of the land, George A. Chap- man, determined to lay out a town, which was accordingly done in September, 1850. The original plat recorded September 11, of the above year, shows forty lots, the first four of which, border- ing on the canal are fractional, the others being of standard, varying from 100x225 feet to 93^x225 feet in size. To this plat several additions have been made from time to time, the first of which. Chapman & Horton's sixty-four standard and several out- lots bears date of November, 1851. Chapman's second addition, twenty-two lots was platted June, 1852, and in 1853, additions were made by Messrs Viberg and Dinius, the former's consisting of twenty-one and the latter of eight lots. Corkin's addition, twenty- four standard and several outlets were made August, 1855. T. V. Horton's addition, June, 1856, and William Wilker- son's addition of twelve lots in December, 1868. Since the latter year no additions have been made. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 645 Enrlij Residents and Business Men. — Among the first resi- dents ot' the town were George A. Chapman, and T. V. Horton, both of whom came late in the forties. A Mr. Chading, an early blacksmith, bought lots and built one of the first residences in the northeast part of the town; and George CUngle purchased and improved a lot in the locality about the same time. Chading, after operating a shop a short time, sold out and engaged in boating. Clingle was a painter and followed his trade in the village during the early years of its history. S. H. Grim, Benjamin ISTave, A. P. Koontzand William Vannerder were fearly cabinet makers. Hank Row, Samuel Taylor, shoemakers, anii Samuel Wertsbaugh, still a resident of the town, was the first tailor, all of whom moved to the place when it was a mere country hamlet. William Bilby, after a short absence, returned to the town and erected a new building east of the lock, where he sold goods for a couple of years, closing out at the end of that time to William Peyton, who carried on business until about 1853. Horton and Chapman were among the early merchants of the place. They were succeeded by Jacob Peyton, after whom came, in an early day, Martin Henry and Solomon Bash. The follow- ing men and firms were in business at different times, viz.: Bash & Grim, Bash & Windle, Bash & Son, Hall & Windle, Peter Grim, R. C. Ebersole, C. B. Richart, Blount & Bro., Jacob Brown, J. G. Price, Dr. H. S. Heath, Tarrance & McCombs, John Fulton, F. M. Searles, W. Holmes, R. D. Olds, E. C. Olds, J. S. Grim, D. N. Grim, D. M. Bye, H. J. Shulty, \yilliam Smith, W. W. Walton, Henry Price, Albert Hatfield, Morton Murray, John D. Myers, George W. Myers, George Triplett, S. C. Putnam, John Greek, R. G. Morrison, J. E. Kelley, James L. Mitchell, F. C. Bross and J. P. Young. Manufacturers. — As already stated, the saw and grist mills of Lemuel G. Jones was the first manufacturing industry of Roanoke. The next was a steam saw mill erected about the year 1852, by T. Y. Horton. It has been remodeled at differ ent times, and is now owned and operated by John Swaidner. Prominent among the industries of the town was a large woolen factory, built early in the sixties by Mr. Horton who operated upon quite an extensive scale during the days of the canal. It brought a great deal of trade to the place and for a number of years was one of the largest and most successful manufacturing establishments of Huntington County. It ceased operations about the year 1869 or 1870. Messrs. Keefer and Minnich about 1868, erected a large fiouring mill which was destroyed by fire in 1871. It was first operated by Mr. Minnich and later by Minnich and Barger. The present grist mill was built about the year 1879 by James Ward and Josiah King, who still run it. It has four run of buhrs and is doing a fairly successful business. A saw mill and spoke factory was in successful operation a num- ber of years ago by Messrs. Slusser & Richard, and after its de- struction by fire a saw mill and wagon gearing factory was 20 646 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. erected on the same spot by Messrs. Eichard & Bryson. The lat- ter was burned about the year 1883. A stair factory was started about 1868 by Colton & Jones, to which machinery for the manu- facture of shingles was subsequently attached. Like several of the mills mentioned, it was destroyed by fire, having met its doom about the year 1872. All the above mills and factories were operated quite extensively and proved the source of con- siderable revenue to the town. The first hotel in Roanoke was built in 18.52, by William Peyton, who dispensed his hospitalities to the traveling public for a period of about one year. D. H. Rose was the next landlord, and after him the house was kept for some time by Dr. Irwin. The building stands on the corner of Third and Commercial Streets, and is now occupied as a dwelling by C. Bross. C. H. Viberg, prior to 1852, kept a hotel near the town, and his house was a favorite stopping place for several years. The St. James Hotel was erected by Messrs. Thorp & Ream, and first used as a store building. It was afterward purchased and re- fitted by Samuel Dougherty, who kept a public house for some time. It has passed through a number of hands, and is now conducted by Mrs. Welch. The Kahn House was erected in 1886, by Mrs. Kahn, who is at present proprietor. It is exten- sively patronized and has already become one of the best hotels in the county. Physicians. — The first man to practice the healing art in Roanoke was Dr. C. B. Richart, who moved to the town about the time the survey was made. The following medical men have practiced here from time to time, to wit: J. S. Brown, Dr. Irwin, J. R. Miller, James Jones, W. C. Chaffee, J. H. Jones, E. N. Brown, J. R. Howes, J. H. Harris, W. F. Carson, A. B. Chaffee and the present M. D's., E. Wright and Henry Gregg. Incorporation. — In the year 1873, a petition gotten up by John H. Barr was circulated at Roanoke and largely signed, addressed to the County Commissioners, praying that an elec- tion might be held to decjde whether the town might have the privilege of a municipal government. In response to this petition the Board ordered that the polls be opened on the 4th of May, 1874, at which time the election was duly held, resulting in a majority of votes for the corporation. An election of officers was then ordered held, at which the following gentlemen were chosen to fill the various positions, viz.: William H. Meech, William B. Thorp, and Samuel Stump, Trustees; E. C. Olds, Clerk; C. B. Richart, Treasurer; K P. Mowry, Assessor, and Samuel Wertsbaugher, Marshal. The officers at this time are: G. L. Miner, N. B. Mowry and E. Wright, Trustees; D. K Grim, Clerk; E. C. Olds, Treasurer, and Henry Atwood, Marshal. Churches.— The early religious history of Roanoke is involved in considerable obscurity, owing to the fact that no definite records of the different church organizations have been kept. The United Brethren organized the first society, and some time in the fifties a frame house of worship was erected. Among JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 647 the pastors of the church were: Revs. Bash, Light, Wood, John- son, Todd, Fisher, Brown, Lee, Morrison and Long. The present pastor is Rev. D. N. Howe. Early in the seventies the church exchanged the house of worship with the Methodists, for the hall in the Seminary building, where meetings have since been held. The organization is in a prosperous condition and at this time has an active membership of over one hundred. Roanoke. Methodist Episcopal Church, an outgrowth of a class that formerly met in the Center School House, about two miles west of the town, was established sometime in the fifties, and among the early members were: Thomas Hackett- and wife, D Yahne and wife, William Peyton, David Sibert and wife, avid Roberts and wife, J. P. Christie and wife, and others. Meetings were held for five or six years in the school house, at the end of which time the upper part of the Seminary building was finished and furnished for church purposes. Here the con- gregation met until the change above mentioned was effected, since which time worship has been held in the house belonging to the society in the northern part of the town. The church has been a potent factor for good, and numbers at this time about 110 members. The present officers are: William Hackett, J. A. Erwin, and Wesley Van Arsdol, Class Leaders; J. A. Ervin, N. P. Mowry and J. P. Slusser^ Stewards. Rev. F. A. Robinson is pastor. The Presbyterians at one time had a congregation in the town and the beautiful brick temple of worship now used by the Catholic Church was built by them about the year 1869. The erection of this building overtaxed the finances of the congregation, the effect of which subsequently led to the dissolution of the society. The house was purchased by the Catholics in 1874. The Christians or Disciples organized a church in the village a number of years ago, but its growth never came up to the ex- pectations of the founders. A building on Main Street, near the central part of town was used for public worship for several years, but the society, owing to deaths and removals was subse- quently disbanded. St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1860, by Rev. Father Fox, of Huntington, who succeeded in gathering together a membership of about ten or twelve families in the town and adjacent country. Worship was conducted in the house formerly used by the Disciples until 1874, at which time the Presbyterian Church was purchased. The following pastors have had charge of the society since its organization, to- wit: Fathers Fox, Walters, Vanderpool, Segelac, Moeste, Miller and the present incumbent. Father Guithoft'. The church is in pros- perous condition, and has at this time a membership of about thirty families. Boanoke Begister. — The only newspaper venture was estab- lished in 1871, by H. D. Carroll, assisted by the citizens, who pur- chased the press and other office fixtures. Mr. Carroll rai> the paper about one year, disposing of it at the end of that time to 648 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. A. J. Salts, who was editor and proprietor for the same length of time. His successor was Prof. P. D. Lee, who in turn sold out to Mr. Makepeace, by whom the oflBce was moved to Illinois. The Begisier was a small folio, devoted to the interests of the town, and had for its motto the trite sentence, " Independent in all things, and neutral in nothing." It was a sprightly sheet, quite ably edited, and at one time had a circulation of over 500. Lodges. — Roanoke Lodge, No. 195, F. &A. M., was organized un- der a charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Indiana, on the 27th of May, ] 856. The first oflScers were: Caleb Edwards, W. M.; Sam- uel Daugherty, S. W., and William Hendry, J. W. The growth of this lodge during the early years of its history was rapid and substantial, and in 1870 there was an active membership of over 100. The organization of new lodges within its former territory drew away members from time to time, and number at this writ- ing (1887) about fifty-two. In 1874 the lodge room and its con- tents were completely destroyed by fire, entailing quite a heavy loss upon the organization. The present hall owned by the lodge was erected in 1883, and is a very commodious and comfortable meeting place. The officers at this time are: Samuel H. Grim, W. M.; William F. Bryson, S. W.; Samuel Liggett, J. W.; L. D. Fash, Sec; A. P. Koontz, Treas.; A. P. Grim, S. D.; J. A. Bash, J. D., and D. N. Grim. Tyler. Little River Lodge, No. 275, J. O. 0. F., was instituted May 9, 1867, by D. G. M., John Morgan, with the following charter mem- bers; J. S. Grim, David Glippinger, Jehu Swaidner, Albertus Bowen and William Blair. The charter was signed by J. A. Funk, G. M., and C. H. Barry, G. Sec. The lodge room erected in 1870 is one of the neatest and most tastefully furnished halls in northern Indiana, being handsomely carpeted and supplied with all the modern improvements. Glenwood Cemetery, consisting of ten acres of ground one-half mile east of the town, was pur- chased and consecrated for the burial of the dead of the order, in 1883. The lodge is in a prosperous condition, and has upon the records the names of sixty members. Officers: William Hackett, K G.; John W. Moore, V. G.; D. N. Grim, Recording Sec; J. W. Hart, Per. Sec, and Augustus Wasmxith, Treasurer. Ridgely Lodge, No. 246, Daughters of Rebecca, was insti- tuted April 14, 1885, with the following charter members: W. K. Windle, Edwin Sewell. James Highland, Mary Highland, A. Wasmuth, J. S. Grim, Elizabeth Grim, E. W. Jamison, Daniel N. Grim, Melissa E. Grim, Elizabeth Grim, W. L. Zent, E. E. Richards, Mary B. Windle, Ion B. Windle, Georgie Ebersole, Margaret Rob- erts, Ellen Wasmuth, Margaret Chippinger, Sylvester Dinius, Mrs. M. E. Dinius, George N. Wilkerson and Jennie E. Wilkerson. The lodge has enjoyed a reasonable degree of prosperity, and at the present time numbers about fifty active members. The officers for 1887, are as follows: M. E. Grim, N. G.; Ida Zent, V. G.; M. E. Wasmuth, Recording Secretary; R. E. Reigh, Financial Secretary, and J. Shroyer, Treasurer. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 649 William McGinnis Post, No. 167, G. A. E., was organized May 11, 1883. The following is a list of the charter members, viz.: J. B. Slusser, John Hackett, A. Wasmuth, Frank Rose, E. C. Olds, J. B. Bryson, W. F. Bryson, F. M, Searles, William Barrett, Kyle Gaskill, Deroy Welch, Samuel Liggett, Thomas Thrasher, Frederick Shock, C. W. E. Payne, W. N. Goff, James Highland, E. O. Smith, J. W. Hart, J. W. John, J. A. Bash, George Knowlton, John M. Wohlford, W. H. Bobbins, James Morrison, William J. Fultz, W. Bump, James O. Ward, and John Keefer. The following have been the Post Commanders since the organization, to wit: W. F. Bryson, A. Wasmuth, J. B. Hyser, and the present incumbent, James Coe. The other offi- cers at this time are J. M. Kemp, S. V. C; J. M. Wohlford, J. V. C; J. W. John, Adjutant; J. B. Slusser, Quartermaster; James Morrison, Surgeon; Rev. F .A. Robinson, Chaplain; W. F. Bryson, Officer of the Day; R. Gaddis, 0. G.,and Thomas Morris, Sargeant Major. Present membership, thirty-four. Boanoke Lodge, No. 5, I. O. Q. T. — The first Lodge of Good Templars, in Roanoke was organized in 1883, but continued only a few months. On the first of July, 1885, a re- re-organization was effected with the following charter members, to-wit: C. R. Slusser, Henry Atwood, J. A. Lewellen, W. H. Hines, Lottie Mitchell, Katie Cressinger, Clara Truax, C. L. Hackett and Cora Mowry. The first officers were Henry Atwood, W. C. T.; Kate Cressinger, W. V. T.; W. H. Hines, Sec- retary; C. R. Slusser, Treasurer, and J. A. Lewellen, Chaplain and Lodge Deputy. The organization has been the means of accomplishing much good, in the cause of temperance reform, and its growth has been all that its most sanguine friends could reasonably desire. There are at this time the names of sixty- seven members on the roll, and the number is constantly increas- ing. Present officers: E. M. Wasmuth, W. C. T.; F. L. Brock, W. V. T.; Robert Mitchell, Secretary; Lottie Mitchell, Financial Secretary; W. T. Peigh, Treasurer; H. A. Atwood, Lodge Deputy; W. W. Van Arsdol, Marshal, Drusie Christie, Deputy Marshal; Millie Hamilton, I. G., and J. H. Peigh, O. G. Present Business. — Roanoke, while still a place of consider- able business importance, is not so flourishing as it was in former years, when the canal was in operation. The interim between the years 1865 and 1873, was perhaps the most prosperous period of the town's history, during which time it sustained the repu- tation of the best trading and shipping point on the canal be- tween the cities of Fort Wayne and Peru. Business of all kinds was in a very prosperous condition, the mills and factories were kept running at their full capacities, while the shipment of agri- cultural products and live stock exceeded that of any other town of its size in Northern Indiana. It was emphatically a canal town, and when that water way was abandoned, the fortunes of the place at once began to decline, and since the completion of the railroad, and the consequent springing up of numerous small 650 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. towns in the country, it has never been enabled to regain its for- mer prosperity. It is still one of the best towns in the county, and as a business centre will, perhaps, always remain the lead- ing place outside the city of Huntington. Its business interests at this time may be summarized as follows: Richard & Zent, dry goods and groceries; M. Ragadanz, dry goods; E. M. Taylor, dry goods; Windle & Wasmuth, hardware; M. E. Grim, groceries; J. B. Slusser, watches, clocks, books and notions; R. W. Jami- son, jeweler; John Hackett & Son, druggists; C. F. Karn, drugs; Mrs. C. F. Ebersole, clothing; Grim & Van Arsdal, clothing; C. E. Koontz, restaurant; Hendry & Walton, boots and shoes; C. C. Ebersole, boots and shoes: I. Gephert, boots and shoes; Mrs. Jamison and Mrs. M. Watsbaugher, milliners, Windle & Was- muth, bankers; S. B. Dinius, manufacturer of harness and car- riages; William Hackett, trunk factory; Dinius & Son, and D. Welch, livery stables; William Van Arsdal, John Meyers and Henry Christie, blacksmiths; C. H. McPherson, wagon maker; E. C. Olds, shoeshop; Keefer & Class and S. H. Grim, meat- markets; I. Hackett, cigarmaker; A. P. Koontz, cabinet maker and undertaker; J. S. Grim, attorney-at-law; W. F. Bryson, no- tary public; W. G Overdeer, postmaster: S. H. Zent. railroad agent; Windle & Wasmuth, grain dealers; J. Swaidnerand Miner Bros., saw mills; T. H. Pickle and C. L. Ragadanz, saloons. Mahon. — The village of Mahon, on the old Wabash & Erie Canal, of which it was an outgrowth, situated a short distance west of Roanoke, was laid out June, 1853, by Archibald Mahon. The plat of the town shows ninety-four lots, a public square, and six streets, to- wit: Hannah, State, Durbin, Mill, Wilt and Main, the first four running north and south and the other two east and west. The early residents of the place were composed principally of workmen on the canal, and among the first busi- ness houses were a few small stores, kept by different parties, whose chief stock in trade were boat supplies. Among these merchants are remembered Messrs. Yahne, Smith and Neff. A distillery was erected in the village in an early day by Monroe Mahon and a Mr. Thurston, who, in addition to manufacturing a cheap article of " Jacksonian simplicity " by an " improved process," bought and shipped quite a large number of hogs — the latter business proving very remunerative. A Mr. Savage built a saw mill near the village for the purpose of sawing railroad timber, and shortly after the completion of the road a large ware-house was erected by the company and operated for some time by Samuel Mahon. This building was subsequently de- stroyed by fire. At one time Mahon was a fair local trading point, but its location so near Roanoke, and the low flat land immediately surrounding, soon militated against it, conse- quently the town began to go down. At this time there are a few old houses on the town site, occupied principally by section hands employed on the Wabash Railroad. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 661 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JERMAN BECK, farmer and stock raiser, was born August 29, 1826, in Mifflin County, Penn., and is the eldest son of Henry and Mary A. (Beighel) Beck, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania, respectively. Henry Beck was a miller by occu- pation, and followed the trade until 1833, at which time he emi- grated to Montgomery County, Ohio and engaged in farming. He died in that county a number of years ago. Jerman Beck was seven years of age when his parents moved to Ohio. He grew to manhood in Montgomery County, that State, and assisted his father on the farm until h,is twenty-second year, attending school at intervals in the meantime. He began farming for him- self in 1846, and four years later came to Huntington County, Ind., and located on the farm where he still resides in Jackson Township. He purchased his land in 1849, and for several years worked early and late in order to develop a home, an undertak- ing at that time attended with many difficulties. He finally succeeded in making a good farm of 160, which to-day is one of the best places in the township. He was married August 13th, 1848, to Miss Mariah Christian, of Huntingdon County, Penn., by whom he had four children: Joseph, Mary C, Samuel and Sarah A. Beck. Mrs. Beck died November 8, 1859. Mr. Beck's second wife was Lydia Angelmire, who was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, March 13, 18o9, the daughter of George and Elizabeth (Good) Angelmire, of Pennsylvania. She was the mother of two children, viz.: "William H. and Eva B. Beck, and departed this life on the 9th day of November, 1870. December 3, 1875, Mr. Beck married Margaret Angelmire, sister of his second wife. She was born in Ohio, March 34, 1843. Mr. Beck is a Republican in politics, and u strong advocate of the tem- perance reform. He and wife are worthy members of the German Baptist- Chprch. W. F. BRYSON was born February 32, 1840, being the third of nine children, born to Thomas and Hannah, (Henshaw) Bry- son, who are natives of Pennsylvania, of Irish and German descent. Thomas Bry son was born 1813, in Butler County, Penn., where he was reared as a farmer boy receiving a fair education from the district school. In 1835 he was married in Butler County, Penn., then removed in 1854 to Wells County, Ind. He was a man of great energy and endurance and of large size. He now has a nice home, the results of his labor. Our subject was reared as a farmer boy in Butler County Penn., until fourteen years of age, when he removed with his father to Indiana. Two years later began learning the harness trade, and after three years went to Pike's Peak, where he remained one year when he came home and enlisted in the 653 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. army September, 1861, Company I, Thirty-Fourth Indiana, and served till February 22, 1866. Mr. Bryson went into the army as a private, filled all the grades of oflBces and name home com- manding a company. After coming home he worked at his trade ten years, when he began business in lumbering with J. B. Bryson, his brother, where he remained until 1883, when his business was burned. Mr. Bryson then went to Hickman, Kentucky, there remained in lumber business about two years, when again burned out, then moved to Indiana, since remaining at Roanoke, where he has been engaged in pension business, which has been very successful. He was married in 1867, to Miss Lucretia Stough, and two children have been born to them: Charles B., June 29, 1869; Ida M., May 16, 1873. Mrs. Bryson belongs to the Methodist Church. « DANIEL CHRISTIAN", prominent farmer and stock raiser, is a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, the fourth son and sixth child of a family of eight children^ born to Samuel D. and Mary (Culclesser ? ) Christian, of Huntingdon, now Blair County Penn. Samuel D. Christian grew to manhood in his na- tive county, and subsequently with his wife and three children emigrated to Montgomery County, Ohio, where he became one of the leading farmers and stock raisers. In an early day he came to Huntington County, Ind., and purchased for each of his chil- dren, 160 acres of valuable land. August, 1865, he located on Section 29, Jackson Township, and a few years later settled in Section 20, where he lived until his death, which occurred JsTovem- ber, 1879, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. He was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and business capacity, and for many years a devoted member of the German Baptist Church. His wife preceded him to the grave several years, and of their family three members are surviving, and are living, one in Montgomery County, Ohio, the one at Port Townsend, Oregon, and the third, the subject of this sketch, in Huntington County, Ind. Daniel Christian was born July 8, 1835, and grew to manhood in his native county. He enjoyed the advantage of a common school education, and until his twenty-first year, remained under the parental roof, familiariz- ing himself with the rugged duties of the farmer's vocation in the meantime. On attaining his majority he began farming the home place, and was thus engaged until his removal to Hunting- ton County, August, 1863, when he located upon a tract of land in Section 29, Jackson Township. He subsequently moved to the place where he now resides, which at that time was a dense forest. By persevering industry and a determination to succeed, he finally cleared away the heavy timber and developed a home which in point of fertility and improvements will compare favorably with any farm in the township, his dwelling being one of the finest and most commodious in Huntington County. In addition to his farming interests Mr. Christian deals exten- JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 653 sively in live stock, and of late years has given a great deal of attention to poultry, being one of the largest breeders of fine varieties in Northern Indiana. He was born and raised in the Democratic school of politics, and as such has been an active worker in his party, having served two terms as Couaty Treasurer, and one term as member of the Board of County Com- missioners. He is a man of superior business qualifications and is widely and favorably known throughout Huntington and other counties in the northern part of the State. His marriage with Miss Lydia Warner, daughter of John H. and Charity (Hill) Warner, was solemnized March, 1857. Mrs. Christian was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, February 6th, 1833, and is the mother of two children, viz.: John H., born December 11th, 1857, and Mary E., deceased, born December 30th, 1859. JAMES B. DbAEMITT is a son of John and Margaret (Gall- agher) DeArmitt, who are natives of Pennsylvania, and of Irish descent. The parents were reared in Huntingdon County of their native State, and remained there until 1869, when they came to Indiana. Their marriage occurred November 27, 1856. John DeArmitt has followed farming all his life, and although he began a poor man he has, by energy and economy, acquired a competency. He has a well improved farm of 100 acres where he now lives. Mr. and Mrs. DeArmitt are both members of the Catholic Church. Their son, James B., was born September 3, 1857, and received a good education in the normal school, at Danville, Ind., and in the Seminary at Roanoke. He was thus thoroughly prepared to become a teacher, an occupation he has followed nine terms in Huntington County. He is a young man of correct habits and highly esteemed in the community where he is known. John A. DeArmitt was born December 20, 1861. He received a similar education to that of his brother, and has followed the vocation of a pedagogue. The DeArmitts are all Democrats and men well and favorably known in the north- western part of the county. DAVID HAMILTON (deceased), son of James and Mary (Bradford) Harailton, was born in Washington County, Penn., in the year 1820. At the age of ten he accompanied his parents to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and where in the common schools, by diligent application, he acquired a practical English education. He remained with his parents until 1849, at which time he moved to Allen County, Ind., and began pioneer life in the woods, where for some years he experienced manifold hardships and privations. On leaving the parental roof he had little or no means, his only capital being willing hands and a determination to succeed in everything he attempted. After living in Allen a few years he traded his place for a farm on the edge of Whitley County, which was his home until I860. In the latter year he exchanged 654 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. his farm for property in the town of Roanoke, where his family now reside. Mr. Hamilton in 1863, responded to the country's call for volunteers, enlisting August 6, of that year in Company H, Seventy-Fifth Regiment, Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for a period of three years, earning the reputation of a brave and gallant soldier in that time. He left the army in poor health, and, with the hope of regaining the same, visited Kan- sas in 1868, but alter a short sojourn returned to Roanoke with- out deriving any material benefit from the trip. He died at his home on the 20th day of May, 1870, lamented by all who knew him. He was a man of honor and integrity, a strong advocate of temperance, and in short one of the most esteemed and highly respected citizens of Jackson Township. His wife, whose maiden name was Martha J. Bradford, daughter of John and Ann (Hamilton) Bradford, was born in Washington County Penn., August 27, 1834. She is the mother of five children whose names are as follows: Ann E. (deceased), wife of George Schoeff; Mary Agnes, wife of D. M. Rose; Charles E., and James A. (both deceased), Margaret M., Jennie B., wife of Abraham Kahn; Henry H., (deceased) David G. (deceased), and Millie G., wife of Charles D. Christy. GEORGE W. HAMILTON. The gentleman whose name introduces this sketch, was born in Washington County, Penn., September 1, 1827, the fourth son of James and Mary (Bradford) Hamilton, parents both natives of same county and State. When four years of age he was taken by his parents to Jeffer- son County, Ohio, where on a farm he grew to manhood, acquir- ing a very limited education in the meantime. When eighteen years old he entered upon an apprenticeship to learn the tin and copper smith's trade, at which he served for a period of three years, opening a shop in Richland at the end of that time, where he soon worked into a comfortable business. His father lived near by and he would occasionally go home and assist in the farm work of busy seasons. While assisting in threshine Aug- ust, 1850, his arm was caught in the cylinder of the machine and horribly crushed to the shoulder, rendering amputation necessary. After this he was compelled to abandon manual labor, and in order to fit himself for other employment, entered the Richland Academy, where he purused his studies for two years, with the object of teaching in view. He was engaged as teacher for a period of sixteen years, fourteen of which were spent in Jeffer- son County, Ohio, and two years in Huntington County, Ind., where he moved in the fall of 1866. He abandoned teach- ing in 1868 and engaged in farming and stock raising, in Whitley County, and subsequently in 1871, purchased 110 acres of his present farm in Jackson Township, where he has ever since resided. Mr. Hamilton has met with encourag- ing success in life, and at this time is the possessor of nearly 300 acres of valuable land. He was married May 14, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 655 1850, to Caroline Hertford, of Jefferson County, Ohio, where she was born, March, 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton are worthy citi- izens, and enjoy the esteem and confidence of all who know them. MILTON" W. HUFFMAN" was born in Jackson Township, Huntington County, Ind., January 25, 1860. His father, John Huffman, was born in Ashland County, Ohio, January 31, 1819, and was the son of Abraham Huffman, who came to Hunting- ton County about the time the land came into market, and entered a tract of land for each of his children, five sons and two daughters. John Huffman became a resident of Jack- son Township in 1855, and in addition to the original farm of eighty acres, succeeded in accumulating a handsome competence, including 266 acres of valuable land, which was highly improved. He married September 29, 1 841, Miss Ann Harvont, who bore him five children, four of whom, two sons and two daughters, are living. He died at his home in this township August 21, 1862. His wife survived him several years, dying August 23, 1874. The immediate subject was left fatherless at the early age of two and a half years, and when fourteen years old his mother died. His preliminary education was acquired in the common schools, supplemented by a one year's course at North Fairfield, Ohio, and he later became a student of the Huntington High School, September, 1877, he entered the normal school at Valparaiso, where he pursued his studies for a period of two years, completing a business course during that time, besides making rapid progress in music. Owing to ill health he was compelled to quit school, and in order to recuperate he went west in 1879, and until the fall of 1880, was employed in a hotel at Denver, Colorado. Re- turning to Indiana the latter year, he engaged in farming in Jackson Township, where he has since resided. October 6, 1881, he married Miss Arbie M. Koch, a native of "Whitley County, Ind., and daughter of William and Sarah (Yeater) Koch, natives respectively of Ohio and Indiana. The issue of this marriage is one child, Lorenzo M., born May 23, 1883. Mr. Huff- man is a public spirited citizen and an ardent worker in the cause of temperance. Politically he is a Republican, and in religion is a member ot the Church of God, as is also his wife. OLIVER JOHNS, Trustee, and prominent citizen of Jackson Township, is a native of "Wayne County, Indiana, born near Ha- fersfcowjQ, March 28, 1842. His parents were David M. and usanna Johns, the former born in Stark County, Ohio, October 30, 1821, and the latter in Montgomery County, same State, Aug- ust 20, 1823. David A. Johns, the paternal grandfather, was a native of Pennsylvania, and a soldier in the "War of 1813. He was a wagon-maker by trade, and, after leaving the army, set- tled in Ohio, where his death occurred many years ago. David M. Johns early learned the wagon-maker's trade, and worked at 656 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the same, until his removal to Huntington County, Ind., in 1854. He purchased land in Section 8, Jackson Township, and lived upon the same until his death, vsrhich occurred March 26, 1861. He married, in 1840, Miss Susannah Overholser, by whom he had eight children, six sons and two daughters, the subject of this sketch being the oldest of the family. Mrs. Johns, in 1867, mar- ried Stephen C. Ulrey, and moved to Kosciusko County, where she still lives. Oliver Johns was twelve years of age when his parents moved from Wayne to Huntington County, and from that time until the present has been one of Jackson Township's most highly esteemed citizens. He was raised to farm work, and on the death of his father was left in charge of the home place, being at that time nineteen years of age. Two years later he purchased an interest in a saw mill, and after continuing the lumber business for some time, sold out and invested his means in the home where he now resides, moving to the same in 1868. He is a Eepublican in politics, and as such was elected Trustee of Jackson Township in the spring of 1886. His marriage on the 14th of October, 1862, to Miss Sarah Zent, of Richland County. Ohio, and daughter of John Zent, has been blessed with the birth of the following children, viz. : Edwin E., deceased; Jennie M., wife of Rufus Langston; Ellen M., C. C. and Daniel W. OLIVER F. LANDIS, Minister, was born September 4, 1860, being the fifth of eight children (living) born to Michael H., and Mary A. (John) Landis. He was reared until seventeen years old at North Manchester, Ind., vsrhen he removed with his father's family to Huntington County. Mr. Landis for three years worked out as a farmer. In 1881, he was married to Matilda M. Price. Two children have been born to this marriage. Mr. Landis has been a hard working man. In early life he received a limited education, but in 1885 began a series of studies at Uni- ted Brethren Seminary, at Roanoke, studying for the ministry. To Mr. and Mrs. Landis two children have been born. HENRY L. MADDUX. The gentleman whose sketch is herewith presented, is a native of Huntington County, Ind., born in Warren Township, on the 9,2d day of September, 1852. His paternal ancestors were early residents of Pennsylvania. His grandfather, John Maddux, born February 1, 1788, emigrating from that State to Ohio, many years ago, where he reared a family of eight sons and three daughters. He subsequently purchased from the government a tract of land for each of his children in Huntington, Wells and Allen Counties, Ind., about the time those parts of the State were open for settlement. David Mad- dux, father of subject, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, July 13, 1820. He was one of the early teachers of Huntington County, and an early settler of Wells County, moving there in the year 1840. His wife, Ellen R. (Carroll) Maddux, was born in Washington County, Md., June 3, 1823, of German parentage. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 657 Mr. and Mrs. Maddux, early settled in Warren Township, Hunt- ington County, where they experienced many of the hardships and privations of pioneer life. He died March 10, 1880, having- suffered nearly total blindness in his later years. His widow still survives him and lives upon the home farm. Henry L. Maddux was reared a farmer, and in the common schools en- joyed the advantages of an English education, attending but one term, however, after his fourteenth year, owing to his father's misfortune i. e.,bindness, and was early obliged to contri- bute his share toward the support of the family, and until his twenty- fourth year lived at home looking after his mother's in- terests. He then rented the home place and farmed the same, until purchasing eighty acres of land in the fall of 1881, upon which he has since made quite a number of valuable improv^ements including a brick house, second to no farm residence in Jackson Township. He was married March 18, 1877, to Miss Mina, daugh- ter of Charles and Catharine Bickel, parents natives of Germany. Mrs. Maddux was born in Harrisburg, Penn., November 3d, 1853, and is the mother of two children, to-wit: Alice, born December 29, 1877, died 1880, and Laura, born September 28, 1882. Mr. Maddux is one of the progressivp farmers of his township as well as one of its leading citizens. Mrs. Maddux is a worthy member of the Reformed Lutheran Church. JOHN" MARTZ, retired farmer, is a native of Pennsylvania, and tbe fourth of a family of eleven children, six sons and five daughters, born to John and Elizabeth (Beaver) Martz. The pa- ternal grandfather was a native of Switzerland, and on the mother's side he is descended from German ancestry. John Martz was burn in Pennsylvania, and by occupation was a black- smith. In 1829 he settled in Trumbull County, Ohio, where he made a good home and reared his children to manhood and womanhood. He died September, 1866, aged seventy-nine years. His wife preceded him to the grave, departing this life in 1840, at the age of fifty-one years. John Martz was born August 26, 1815, and at the age of fourteen accompanied his parents to Trumbull Coimty, Ohio, where the years of his youth and early manhood were passed. His education was limited to the sub- scription schools of that day, and while still a boy he began the blacksmithing trade with his father, and soon became a skillful workman. February 23, 1840, he married Miss Margaret Keller, of Columbiana County, Ohio, daughter of John and Catherine (Kenrich) Keller. Shortly after marriage, Mr. Martz abandoned his trade and engaged in agricultural pursuits, farming for a few years as a renter, and subsequently, 1851, purchased the land upon which h6 now lives in Jackson Township, Huntington Co. His farm and improvements will compare favorably with any other place in the community, and in point of thrift and all that goes to make up substantial manhood, Mr. Martz stands among the first in the township. He and wife are members of the 658 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Lutheran Church, and in politics he is an ardent supporter of the Republican party. Mr. and Mrs. Martz have had nine children whose names are as follows, to-wit: Daniel, deceased; Cath- erine, wife of Alexander Smith; Sarah, wife of Daniel Goodman; John H., Cornelius, Aaron, Clara H., wife of John Fisher; Mary A. and Elizabeth, deceased. W. J. McNAMARA, born in Cecil County, Md., February, 18a9. He was second of nine children born to William and Susan {Porter) McNamara, who were natives of Maryland of Scottish descent. William MclSlamara was reared, and lived in Maryland until about forty-eight years of age, then moved to Indiana where he died at the age of sixty-three, 1868. Mrs. McNamara, is still living at Ft. Wayne, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. McISTamara were very worthy people. Our subject was reared as a farmer's boy and has followed farming up to within a few years of the present time, when, he became engaged in stock raising which he now follows. He received a limited education in the schools of his time. Lived with father until about twenty-six years of age, when he was married to Miss Sarah Sibert, who died seven years after their marriage leaving her husband with three chil- dren, two of whom are dead, the other being the wife of William Koch. Two years after his wife's death he married a very excell- ent lady, Catherine Weaver. Mr. McNamara has been a hard working man, and as the fruits of his labor has accumulated con- siderable property. At the present time he owns some of the finest horses ever brought to Huntington County. He is a strong Deraocract and belongs to the Methodist Church. By his second wife five children have been born, as follows: Frank E., born June 17,1874; Jay B., born December 4, 1876; Leroy E., born March 11, 1880; Pearl E., born April 26, 1883, and Eldie E., born August 22, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. McNamara are good people, and are highly esteemed by the community. WILLIAM T. PURVIANCE, the subject of this sketch, is descended from an old Huguenot family and traces his an- cestry back through many generations. His parents, James and Jane (Ireland) Purviance, were born in Bourbon County, Ky., in the year 1804, and were the parents of the following children, viz.: Andrew I., William T., Elizabeth H. and Jane Purviance. James Purviance, when four years of age, accom- panied his parents to Preble County, Ohio, where December 26, 1826, he was united in marriage to Jane Ireland. In 1835 he settled near Goshen, Ind., where on the 29th of September, 1838, Mrs. Purviance died. In 1842 Mr. Purviance disposed of his in- terest in Elkhart County and purchased 160 acres of land in Jackson Township, Huntington County, to which he moved in the spring of the following year. January, 1844, his second mar- riage was solemnized with Mrs. Sarah Knox, of Bourbon County, Ky., by whom he had three children, viz.: James M., Charles C. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 659 and Margaret, deceased, wife of William Webb. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Purviance located upon the home place where his death occurred, December 8, 1854. He was a man of great popularity and influence and served in various official positions In the township. Mrs. Purviance departed this life September 1, 1885. William T. Purviance was born in Preble County, Ohio, October 19, 1829, and at the age of six years was brought by his parents to Indiana. When nine years of ag*^. he returned to Ohio and lived with his grandfather until the spring of 1843, at which time he came to Huntington County with his father, and has ever since been an honored resident of Jackson Township. He was educated in the common schools, and on the death of his father took charge of the home farm upon which he still lives and which he has made one of the best places in the township. July, 1863, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Eigh- teenth Indiana Infantry, for the six months' service and was with his regiment under Gen. Burnside in East Tennessee during his period of enlistment. He was honorably discharged March 1, 1864, and immediately thereafter returned home and resumed farming which he still carries on in connection with stock rais- ing, being quite successful in both branches of industry. He served as Trustee of Jackson Township several terms and dis- charged the duties of that office in a manner highly creditable to himself and satisfactory to all concerned. He is a member of the G. A. E. post at Roanoke and one of the public- sprited citi- zens of Jackson Township. MARVIN W. RICHARDS, manufacturer of lumber and drain tile, was born in Jackson Township, Huntington Co., Feb- ruary as, 1856, the son of Daniel and Harriet (Smith) Richards, natives of Stark County, Ohio. He was reared a farmer, enjoyed the adv^antages of a common school education, and on attaining his majority engaged in agricultural pursuits, which he carried on successfully until the spring of 1886; at that time he began dealing in farm implements at Huntington, and one year later purchased an interest in a saw mill and tile factory two and a half miles southwest of Roanoke, with which he is at this time connected. He is an energetic man, and in his latest business venture has met with the most encouraging success. Decem- ber 19, 1878, he married Miss Rosa McCaughey, daughter of James W. McCaughey, of Jackson Township. She was born in Huntington County, August 3, 1857. The father of our sub- ject, Daniel Richards, was born March 14, 1814, the fifth child of Benjamin and Rachael (Warner) Richards, natives of Pennsyl- vania and Maryland, respectively. He is by occupation a farmer, and began life for himself at the early age of fourteen. April 24, 1837, he married Harriet Smith, and a little later moved to Sum- mit County, Ohio, where they lived until they removed to Huntington County, Ind., in the fall of 1851. He located where he now lives, having redeemed from the forest a fine farm of 100 660 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. acres. Mr. and Mrs. Richards, in 1838, became converted and have been active Christian workers ever since. They are the parents of eleven children, seven of whom are living, to-wit: Ruhamma E., Byron A., Mary A., Marvin W., Ervin E., Har- riet R. and Newton B. E. REV. F. A. ROBINSON, Minister Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in Allen County, Ind., August 14, 1842, and is the seventh of a family of thirteen children, born to H. and Catherine (Freshour) Robinson. The father was born in Ohio, June 23, 1806, grew to manhood on a farm, and when quite young, came to Allen County, Ind., where he has since resided. He took an active part in redeeming the country from a wilderness-state, and bore his full share of the many hardships which beset all early settlers in a new and thickly wooded country. He has for fifty years been a zealous member of the Methodist Church, contrib- uting liberally of his means to its support, besides always being forward in every enterprise having for its object the good of his fellow-man. His wife died February, 1864, and the year follow- ing he married Amanda Bart, who bore him one child. F. A. Robinson was raised on his father's farm, received a good educa- tion in the common schools, and later attended the college at Ft. Wayne where he made substantial progress in the higher branches of learning. On attaining his majority he engaged in teaching, in which he acquired great proficiency, and in 1869, began study- ing for the ministry, entering upon the active labors of his holy calling a little later. He is still engaged in the work, being at this time in charge of Roanoke Circuit, where his efforts have been greatly blessed. He owns a farm one and a half miles west of Roanoke, and carries on agricultural pursuits in connection with his ministerial labors. He married December 29, 1867, Miss Rachel Van Arsdol, daughter of John and Lois Van Arsdol. Mrs. Robinson was born June 26, 1851, and is the mother of three children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows, viz.: Charles G., born November 18, 1869; William E., born November 8, 1873, and Lois Gertrude, born January 27, 1878. WILLIAM M. SHREVE, farmer and stock raiser, is a native of Lewis County, W. Va., born November 15th, 1823, to Jacob R., and Susannah (Wamsley) Shreve, of the same State. The pa- rents in an early day emigrated to Monroe County, Ohio, and subsequently moved to Union County, where they resided until their respective deaths. The following are the names of their children, viz.: Margaret, William M., James, Thomas, Mary,MeI- vma, Samuel and Harrison Shreve. William M. Shreve was raised a farmer, and spent the years of his youth and early manhood in Virginia and Ohio. June, 1847, he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Zent, daughter of Samuel and Eliza (Hega) Zent, of Stark Countj-, Ohio, who has borne him four JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 663 children, to wit: Emma, Mattie, Katie A., and Cora M. Mr. Shreve, in the fall of 1859, moved to Huntington County^ Ind., and settled upon the farm, where he has since resided, near the town of Roanoke. He is a substantial citizen, and one of the representative men of Jackson Township. ABRAHAM SIMON, retired farmer and pioneer of Jackson Township, is a native of Pennsylvania, and dates his birth from the 7th day of May, 1813. He is the third of a family of eight children, born to Jacob and Catherine (Dinius) Simon, " both par- ents born in Pennsylvania of German ancestry. Jacob Simon grew to manhood in his native State, and in early life learned the shoe- maker's trade. In 1819, with his wife and six children, he emigrated to Stark County, Ohio, where for some years he lived the life of a pioneer, and where he succeeded in accumulat- ing a comfortable competence, including a fine farm of 160 acres upon which he lived until his death, a number of years later. Abraham Simon was raised in Stark County, Ohio, and upon his father's farm learned those lessons of industry and thrift by which his subsequent life has been characterized. Having early manifested a liking for mechanical pursuits, he while still a young man, took up the carpenter's trade, to which he devoted his attention for about two years, after attaining his majority. March 37, 1836, he was united in marriage to Mary Hafla, who was born in Franklin County, Penn., July 6, 1815, the only daughter of Peter and Sophia (Bruner) Hafla. Mr. Simon farmed his father's place untill the fall of 1844, at which time he moved to Huntington County and settled on eighty acres of land in Jackson Township, which he had located the year pre- vious. Like the other early settlers, Mr. Simon encountered his full share of the difficulties incident to pioneer life, but by energy and determination, finally succeeded in developing from the forest a comfortable home, his farm at this time consisting of 135 acres of choice land, the greater part of which is under a successful state of cultivation. He is a well-preserved man, in full possession of his mental and physical faculties, and is one of the representative, self-made men of Huntington County. He cast his first ballot in 1836, for William Henry Harrison, and since the birth of the Republican party, has been of its most earn- est and uncompromising adherents. In religious matters Mr. and Mrs. Simon have always taken an active interest, and it was at their dwelling that one of the first classes of the United Brethren Church in Huntington County was organized. This was in the fall of 1845, since which time the church has grown to be one of the largest and most aggressive societies in the township. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Simon, four of whom are now living, viz.: John, William, Josiah and Eli. The first and fourth farmers, and the second and third ministers of the United Brethren Church. The following are the deceased members of the family: Harriet, Rebecca, Daniel and Mary. 31 664 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. E. M. TAYLOR, dealer in general merchandise, Roanoke, In- diana, was born in the City of Eaton, Ohio, June 22, 18J3, and is this son of Enoch and Elizabeth (Clawson) Taylor, natives re- spectively of North Carolina and Ohio. Enoch and Elizabeth Taylor were the parents of twelve children, whose names are as follows: Rebecca, Alzima, Dudley, Eliza, Jane, Nancy, Mary A., John, William, David, Elizabeth and Ernest M., the subject of the biography. E. M. Taylor came to Huntington County, Ind., in the year 1869, and for some time thereafter was employed as clerk in the mercantile house of S. Moore. He subsequently went to Illinois, and was a resident of that State until 1867, at which time he returned to Huntington County, and remained here until 1869. He went to Michigan that year, in which State, on the 22d of June, 1869, he was united in marriage to Lizzie Ayres, daughter of Peter Ayres. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Tayldr began the manufacture of fanning mills, at the town of Lawton, which branch of industry he continued with good success for a couple of years. In 1873 he engaged with the Studebaker Bros., at South Bend, Indiana, and continued in their employ until his return to Huntington County, in the winter of 1876. In 1883 he moved to Roanoke and engaged in the mercan- tile business, which he carried on until 1885, at which time he sold out and removed to Huntington, where he still resides. He purchased, in 1884, a stock of groceries at Andrews, and in No- vember, 1886, bought his present large stock of general mercan- dise at Roanoke, both of which he now controls. JOHN VAN ARSDOL, retired farmer, was born in Mont- gomery County, Ohio, July 20th, 1813, son of Cornelius and Jane (McLelan) Van Arsdol native of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. The father was reared in Kentucky until nineteen years of age, when he accompanied his parents to Ohio, where he lived until his removal to Delaware County, Ind., about the year 1830. He was one of the earliest settlers of that county, and a pioneer in the true sense of the word. He was a farmer by occupation. Lived to see all but one of his children grown, and departed this life in 1870, aged eighty years. He was for years a leading man of the community in which he resided, and with his wife was an active member of the Christian Church. John Van Ars- dol was eight years of age when his parents emigrated to Dela- ware County. His early years were spent amid the ruggid scenery of nioneer life, and on attaining his majority, he began working for himself, making rails at the rate of three shillings per hundred. By this means he was enabled in a few years to save sufficient means to purchase 110 acres of land, upon which he at once began farming. He subsequently traded his land for an interest in a saw mill and another tract, and followed the lumber business about three years, when he moved to Blackford County. Eight years later he returned to Delaware County, and after remaining there eleven years, disposed of his interest and JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 665 came to Huntington County, where he has since resided. Hi© has been a life of great activity, throughout which no breath of suspicion was ever uttered against his honor or integrity. Feb- ruary 18, 1836, in Union County, Ind., he married Miss Louis^ daughter of William and Mary Payton, a union blessed witk six children, viz.: Mary J., wife of Robert Shroyer,born January 29th, 1837; William, born November 38th, 1839; Isaac, born May 9th, 1842; Martha, wife of A. J. Bell, born November Hth, 1849 j Rachel, wife of Rev. F. A. Robinson, born June 26th, 1851, and John W., born November 16th, 1856. AUGUSTUS WASMUTH, prominent business man of Roan- oke, member of the mercantile and banking house of Windle & Wasmuth, is a native of Germany, and dates his birth from the 26th day of August, 1841. When quite young he accompanied an uncle to the United States, and in September, 1859, came to Huntington County, Ind., where he remained until entering the army the following year. He responded to one of the earliest calls for volunteers, enlisting in Company E, Forty-Seventh Indiana Infantry, with which he served until honorably dis- charged at the close of the war, participating in many active campaigns and bloody battles in the meantime. After his dis- charge Mr. Wasmuth returned to Huntington County, and a short time afterward engaged as clerk in the store of J. S. Grim, at Roanoke, in which capacity he continued for a period of about two years. April, 1867, he affected a co-partnership in the hard- ware trade with W. K. Windle, and the firm thus constituted still exists, being at this time one of the most substantial houses in the county. In addition to the general hardware trade, Messrs. Windle & Wasmuth deal quite extensively in agricul- tural implements, grain, etc., besides doing a general banking business, being proprietors of one of the most successful private banks in the county. Mr. Wasmuth married at Roanoke, Ind., Miss Margaret E., daughter of Peter and Barbara (Weimer) Grim, a union blessed with the birth of seven children, viz.: Eva, Edmund M., Arthur D., Daniel A., Lizzie, Lawrence and Harry Wasmuth. Mr. Wasmuth is a member of the I. 0. O. F., and also belongs to the G. A. R. JACOB WOHLFORD was born in York County, Penn., March 7, 1819, and is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth Wohlford. Jacob Wohlford, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania, his parents moving to that state in an early day from Germany. He grew to manhood in York County and served as a private soldier in the War of 1812. Late in life he moved to Columbiana County, and subsequently emigrated to Indiana, settling near Goshen, where his death occurred. He was the father of eleven children ten of whom grew to man and womanhood, the subject of this sketch being the seventh in number. Subject passed the years of his youth and early manhood in his native county 666 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. and at the age of eighteen began life for himself as a farm laborer. In 1838, he went to Columbiana County, Ohio, and January 1, 1841, near Wooster that State, was united in marriage to Miss Mary S. Kraamer, daughter of Michael and Susan (Shiley) Kraamer, of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Wohlford was born in Pennsylvania, October 30, 1825, and is the mother of the follow- ing children viz.: Benjamin F., died in the army; Thomas J., John M., James A., deceased; Mary E., deceased; Jacob H., Will- iam F., Samuel P., Harriet, deceased. The three older sons served in the late war and rendered eflScient service in defense of the National Union. Mr. Wohlford, in September, 1860, located in Jackson Township, and settled on the place where he has since resided. He owns a good farm supplied with all the modern appliances of agriculture, and is one of the worthy and in- dustrious citizens of Jackson. Prior to the war he was a Demo- crat, but since that time has voted with the Republican party . He and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. AMOS D. YOUNG, is a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, and son of Robert and Nancy Young. Robert Young was born in Maryland, in the year 1802, but in an early day emigrated to Ohio, where he still lives. His wife was the daughter of Caleb Fox, also a native of Maryland, and one of the earliest pioneers of Ohio. He served with distinction in the War of 1812, and departed this life in Ohio many years ago. Mrs. Young died in the year 1855. She was the mother of eleven children, nine sons and two daughters, seven of whom grew to man and womanhood. Amos D. Young, was born February 11, 1839, and passed the years of his youth and early manhood on his father's farm, attending such schools as the country afforded at intervals in the meantime. At the age of twenty-one, he began life for himself as a farm laborer, and was thus engaged until 1856, when he purchased a small tract of land to which he subsequently made additions, and upon which he lived until 1864. In that year he disposed of his inter- ests in Ohio, and purchased in Jackson Township, this county, eighty acres west of Mahon Village, where, in the almost unbroken forest, he began carving out a home. He subsequently added to this purchase, and in 1879 bought his present beautiful home of 130 acres, to which he moved in 1881. He is in every sense of the term, a self made man, and a liberal patron of all public enter- prises, having always taken an active interest in the development of the country. He is a Democrat in politics. February 8, 1853, he married Miss Anna E. Palmer, who was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, December 6, 1830. To this union four children have been born, two of whom, James F. and Smith, are living. The names of those deceased are: Emily J. and John P. Young. JOHN M. KEEPER, a Jackson Township farmer, was born January 23, 1847, being the third of seven children born to George and Hannah Keefer. George was reared a farmer's boy and re- JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 667 mained at home with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came west to Wooster, Ohio, a poor man, empty handed, and engaged at farm work. Two years later he was married to Miss Hannah Franze, and began farming on rented land near Wooster, and one year later purchased thirty acres of cleared land on which he built good buildings. He, in the spring of 1844, sold and removed to this county, and bought eighty acres of forest land for $300. He erected a log cabin and began in the woods living a life of a pioneer. He and wife were young and both worked hard and thus made their home. He is one of the energetic, strong men, and has by a well spent life made a good home. He has built good buildings and now enjoys the fruits of earlier labor. All their children are located near home and all well-to- do. John M. was born and reared in Huntington County. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in the army in Company B, One Hundred and Fifty-Third Indiana Volunteers, and served seven months, when he was discharged and returned home. He lived with his father about four years when he was married to Miss Caroline Freehafer of this county. After marriage he removed to a farm in Section 33, Jackson Township, where he still resides. He has 115 acres of good land well improved; in early days he was a hard working man and as the fruits of his labor has a good home. He is a Democrat. Belongs to G. A. A. post No. 167, Ro- anoke, Ind. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Keefer three children have been born: Edwin A., Franklin M. and Pearlie I. Mr. and Mrs. Keefer are people well respected. JOHN M. SETTLEMYRE, a farmer of Jackson Township, was born April 3, 1840, being second of four children born to William and Anna Settlemyre, of Warren County, Ohio. Our subject was reared as a farmer boy in Warren County, Ohio, until twen- ty-one years of age, when he came with one brother to Indiana in 1860. After removal to Indiana they began farming and clear- ing on a farm given them by their father. In 1873 he was mar- ried to Margaret Arick, of Huntington County. After he had been married two years he began building on his farm a good building. Mr. Settlemyre has remained on the same farm ever since he came to Indiana. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Settlemyre two children have been born, the oldest James — Elmar. Mr. and Mrs. Settlemyre are good people, well respected by the com- munity. He is a Republican in politics. PRESTON B. SETTLEMYRE, a citizen of Jackson Town- ship, was born June 5, 1857, being the oldest of six children born to Charles W. and Mary (Hathaway) Settlemyre. Our subject was born in Warren County, Ohio; when but three years old his parents removed to Huntington County (1860). Was reared as a farmer boy; lived with father until his death, in 1874. After father's death Mr. Settlemyre remained with his mother until her death, in 1876, when, two years later, he was married to Miss 668 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Nancy M. Arick, of Huntington County. After marriage he be- gan farming on the old home place; remained at farming until 1884, when he began business as a tile maker, in Jackson Town- ship, three miles southeast of Roanoke. Mr. Settiemyre runfe a business of about $2,000 per year. Is a Republican in politics. He and lady belong to the United Brethren Church. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Settiemyre two children have been born, the oldest, Charles A., born January 25, 1879; second, Tillie N., born May 15, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Settiemyre are good people; well respected by the community. CHAPTER XL Jefferson Township — Surface — Features The Pioneers — Condition of the Early Settlements — Improvements — Mills, ETC.— Religious Organizations — Township Organ- ization — Items of Interest — Pleasant Plains — Bio- graphical Sketches. TEFFERSON TOWNSHIP, which was named in honor of J the illustrious statesman and President, Thomas Jeffer- son, embraces an area of thirty-six square miles, or all of Con- gressional Township 26 north. Range 9 east, and is bounded as follows. Lancaster Township on the north, Salamonie on the east, Wayne on the west, and Grant County on the south. The Salamonie River flows through the northeast corner, along the margin of which are to be seen some broken lands with outcrop- pings of limestone in several localities. After leaving the river the land southward is generally level, while in the extreme southern part the country is flat, and before cleared was quite wet and unproductive. By artificial drainage however, and judicious cultivation, the soil has been greatly improved in quality, and in that particular makes a fair average with the other lands of the township. In the central part the lands pos- sess a richness of soil not surpassed by any in the county, and in their primitive state were covered with heavy forests, the princi- pal varieties of timber being: walnut, sugar, poplar, beech, oak, with a considerable proportion of hickory, ash, linden, and in fact nearly every kind of trees indigenous to Northern Indiana. Jefferson is a rich farming district, and upon every hand can be seen the evidences of prosperity, in the shape of commodious barns, elegant residences, well stocked fields, etc., while the presence of numerous school houses and churches show that the intellectual and spiritual welfare of the people have not been neglected. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 669 The Pioneers. — The early history of Jefferson is similar in most respects to that of other townships of the county, especially in the facts and data that are matters of record. The pioneers who first sought homes amid the dense forests of this part of the county were not adventurers, but plain matter-of-fact men, who were lured to the new country by the advantages it offered in the way of cheap lands, which could at that time be obtained for the Government price of S3.00 per acre. To make a home in the woods was an undertaking attended with diflficulties and hard- ships, of which we of a later day can form but a faint concep- tion. The wild condition of the country, the absence of roads, mills, etc., and the long distances to be traversed to the nearest market places, together with the general poverty of the settle- ments, together with the immense amount of drudgery and hard labor required in order to obtain a livelihood during the first few years, were obstacles well calculated to shake the determination of the most energetic and brave hearted of the pioneers. Theirs was, indeed, a task attended with many dangers, and the years of constant struggle and the motives which animated and nerved them, are deserving of all praise. Prior to the year 1834, the country embraced within the present limits of the township was the undisputed possession of the Indians, and save by an occa- sional daring hunter and trapper, attracted by the abundance of game, knew not the presence of white men. The land was sur- veyed by order of the Government in 1834, but it was not until the construction of the Wabash & Erie Canal through the county several years later that any attempt at settlement was made in the southern part of the county. It is generally conceded that the first actual settler, one George W. Helms, made his appear- ance late in the winter of 1834, and with his family, consisting of four persons, located a house where John Kratz now lives, in Section 12. Mr. Helms was a native of Tennessee, and resided in the township until his death in 1876 or 1877. It is not positively known who came next, but among those who followed close in the wake of Mr. Helms, was Peter Wire, who moved from Ohio early in the thirties and settled in Section 3, choosing for his home the place owned at this time by hfs son, James P. Wire. He was a man of local prominence, took an active interest in politics and in an early day served a term as County Commissioner. He was an honored resident of the township uutil his death, which occurred in the fall of 1883. In the spring of 1836, John A. ^. Kordyke moved from Henry County, and settled in Section 6, where he lived until his death, in 1883. One son, Benjamin, and two daughters, Mrs. Snyder and Mrs. Abbott, are residents of the township at this time. William L. Taylor, in October, 1836, made a settlement in Sec- tion 24, and in September of the following year, Oliver ^V. San- ger, who had previously settled in Wayne Township, began improving a farm where Zachariah Carl now lives, in Section 17. Mr. Sanger was born in the state of Connecticut, but in an early 670 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. day emigrated to Licking County, Ohio, from whence, in the fall of 1836, he made a tour of Northern Indiana for the purpose of securing a home in the new country then opened for settlement. After locating his land, Mr. Sanger remained for some months in an adjoining township, but at the time mentioned moved to Jef- ferson, of which he has since been an honored citizen. He took an active part in the organization of the township, served for a number of years as J ustice of the Peace and Trustee, and in 1 860 was elected Treasurer of Huntington County. He moved to his present home in 1857, and is the oldest living resident of the township at this time. William Purviance moved from Preble County, Ohio, in 1837, and made a home in Section 9, and about the same time Garrett Heffner erected a cabin, and began im- proving a farm in Section -Zl. The year 1838 witnessed the arri- val of a number of substantial settlers, aniong whom are remembered Lewis Purviance, Enoch Preble, Nathan Anderson, Johnathan Arnold, William D. Williams, John Shull and a Mr. Stewart. Mr. Purviance settled in Section 9. He was a represen- tative citizen and at one time served a term in the State Legisla- ture. Enoch Preble naade a home in Section 14, and appears to have been a man of much more than ordinary intelligence. He died in the spring of 1840. Nathan Anderson made a farm in Section 31. Mr. Williams settled where his son Philip Williams lives, in Section 23. Mr. Shull located where he is still living. Section 26, and Mr. Stewart lived a short time in Section 12. Har- rison Lyman, sometime between 1838 and 1840, settled in Section 26, where he is still living, and a little later came John and Henry Lyman, the former locating in Section 13, and the latter in Sec- tion 3a. The following settlers came to the township in quite an early day, viz. : Stogdall Sharp, in the southeastern part; John Rich- ardson, Section 14; David Richardson, Section 10; John Ewart, in Section 24; Christopher Morris, Section 36; Jacob Myers, Sec- tion 35; Nathan Cook, Section 16; John Cook, who lived at differ- ent places in the township; Alexander Morgan, in Section 1, where his son William Morgan now lives; Thomas Webb, in Sec- tion 32; Jacob Hedrick, Section 33; Benjamin Satterthwaite, in Section 7; Isaiah Garwood, a son-in-law of Satterthwaite, near the present site of Pleasant Plain; Alfred Hardy, in Section 30; Eli- sha Frazier, in Section 33; David C. Little, Section 34; James Cook, in Section 16; Henry Smothers, Section 30; Christian Wearley, Section 33; Jacob Myers, Section 25; David Wall, Lem- uel and J. E. B. Ewart, in southern part of the Township; Isaac Young, in Section 36; David Campbell, James Cloud, Jehiel Was- son, James Denand, Humphrey Denand, Eli Burkett, Noah McGrew, Frederick Koritz, Branson Cox, Aaron Bond, Ralph Wright, Isaac Cook, Samuel Marshall, James Miller, James Ad- ams, Andrew Wiley, Allen Gurley, Aaron Roney, James Yaw- ger, Henry Werner, Frederick Heffner, Elisha Christman, Harri- son Lynn, Charles Gurley, James Drake, Samuel Roberts, who JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 671 lived in various parts of the township. As the reader may sup- pose, numerous changes occurred during the early years of the county^ so that doubtless many worthy names entitled to men- tion may have been omitted by our informants. The above list, however, embraces the majority of the pioneers of the township. Early Condition of the Settlements. — The first settlers of Jef- ferson, like the pioneer in other parts of Huntington County, were of the poorer class in the counties and States from which they came, and as a consequence, experienced many hardships in clearing their farms and gaining a foothold in the new coun- try. They at first depended mostly for meat on the game, with which the forests abounded, while nearly every article of cloth- ing worn by male or female was manufactured at home on the old fashioned spinning wheels, cards or looms. The men dressed in homespun jeans and the women in linsey-woolsey and linen, the former constituting the winter and the latter the summer raiment. Agriculture was for many years in a very rude state when com- pared with the science to which it has since been reduced. The prime cause of this was the great lack of agricultural imple- ments, which were few in number and of simple construction. Inventive genius and Yankee ingenuity had not yet been em- ployed in this direction to any great extent. The plows in com- mon use when the first settlements were made, were of a rude character and of three kinds, the " bar shear," the " bull tongue " and the "shovel. " To attempt a description of the bar shear would be useless, as those who never saw one could scarcely un- derstand the description; like the alligator, they must be seen to be appreciated. The shovel plow is yet in use, and need not be described. Some of the harrows first used, had wooden, in- stead of iron teeth, while some of the early settlers did their harrowing with a heavy brush, drawn by a pair of oxen or horses. Most of the early settlers emigrated from sections where corn was the principal grain, hence they continued its cultiva- tion here as a main crop, raising but little wheat. Notwith- standing it was of good quality and fair yield. But little as they did raise, it was about as much as could be harvested with the im- plements then in use. For several years after the first attempt at wheat raising, the principal means of harvesting was the old fashioned sickle, and later the cradle. During the harvest the people of a neighborhood would unite on the principle that " many hands make light work, " and beginning at the farm where the grain was the ripest, proceed to reap first one field, then another, until all the grain was cut. As settlers increased in numbers, a common cause was made in meeting the wants of each other, helping for help again. The idea of assisting an- other for a pecuniary consideration never obtruded itself in those pioneer days, and no greater insult could have been offered then, than a hint that money was to pay for a neighbor's help. As with the harvest so with the raising of a cabin, all the occasion demanded was a knowledge of the time and place; distance was 672 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. nothing, and other less pressing engagements had to succumb to the needed assistance. House raising, log rolling and wood chopping, would no doubt be considered arduous labors, and such they really were, even to the brawny muscled pioneers, but under the stimulating influence of whisky, a common beverage at that time, and the assurance of a rich repast of game, corn- dodgers, hominy, etc., the labor was transformed into pleasure, and the hardship into an accommodation. This reference to ardent spirits is not meant to reflect any discredit to those who were in the habit of using alcoholic stimulants. It was one of the unbroken customs of the times. Liquors were regarded as any other cheer and were partaken of by even the temperate. Seldom, indeed were they taken in suflicient quantities to cause intoxication. A jug of the "Jefferson simplicity " was found in nearly every household, and it was considered almost as indis- pensable as any other article of food or drink. The most reput- able citizens thought it no disgrace to keep on hand a general supply, and to withold it upon any occasion was considered a breach of hospitality, and who will say they were wrong, and in a spasm of assumed morality, write them in rebuke. In judging men by the lives they have lived, an intelligent and just opinion can only be formed by taking into account the surrounding cir- cumstances and conditions from which those lives would almost necessarily take their direction. Measuring the pioneers of Jef- ferson by this standard, they are found ahead of the best classes of men who have turned the sombre silence of the wilderness into fair and fruitful fields, ripe with industry, and made wooded wastes smile and blossom as a garden. Then only intemper- ance consisted in excessive toil; their only dissipation in sleep- less nights, spent in keeping vigils by the weird light of their burning log heaps. Improvements, Mills, etc. — For several years the primitive round log cabin was the prevailing house used by the early set- tlers of this township. Hewed log structures took their place in time and in their turn gave way to the more modern frame and brick dwellings. The first hewed log house in the township was built by Peter Wire in 1840. About the year 1840 or 1841 Aaron Bond and John Heffner built a small combination mill on Rich- land Creek, Section 6, " for the purpose of utilizing the timber cut away by the settlers in clearing their lands, and affording facili- ties for grinding grain without making the tedious journeys to older settlements." The mill was supplied with machinery of the most primitive pattern, yet notwithstanding its limited capacity, it was generally patronized for a number of years. It ceased op- erations with the building of other and better mills in this and adjacent townships. The old building, which is still standing, is eloquent of a time forever past. James Taylor, sometime in the forties, built a frame flouring mill on the Salamonie River, in Sec- tion 13, which is still in operation. It has been owned by various parties, and at this time is operated by Joseph Stewart, who does JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. Q73 a fairly prosperous business. There have been several steam saw mills in the township from time to time, the first of which was ■operated by Daniel Nipper in Section 28. At this time there are three saw mills, operated by William Patterson, Mr. Baker and •George Fisher, respectively. The manufacture of drain tile has become an important industry, and the production from the kilns of Jefferson will equal that from any other township in the ■county. The following gentlemen are in the business at the present time, viz.: George Morris, Ensley Andrews, and John Long. Religious Organizations. — The first impulse of the people upon whom devolved the responsibility of giving form to soc- iety, in the primitive days of Jefferson Township, was to estab- lish schools and churches, which should in the future insure a safe foundation for permanent prosperity. The United Brethren circuit riders, were the fore-runners of Christianity in the wilderness of this part of the county, and as early as 1837, Rev. Mr. Pugsley of that denomination, conducted religious worship in the cabin of Peter Wire. Ministers of the Methodist Church <5ame in an early day and assisted in the good work of establish- ing the cause of Christ upon a firm basis. They made their reg- ular rounds, traveling on foot or horseback, preaching in private houses, groves, school houses, or any place where they could succeed in gathering an audience. Among the earliest Metho- ■dist ministers was Rev. Mr. Donaldson, who preached regularly at Mt. Etna and held occasional meetings at the residence of Mrs. Ewart in this township. A class was early organized at the Genter School House, and was kept up with a fair degree of pros- perity for a number of years. The Christian (Disciple) Church was early represented in the township by Elders John Richard- son- and Scott Green, and sometime in the forties a small society of the same was organized at the Center School House. This organization was finally disbanded, but the church still sustains regular preaching at the Belleville School House where a small society is still kept up. The Christians or New Lights have a strong society in Section 9,- which meets for worship in a beauti- ful frame building, known as the Purviance Chapel, erected about the year 1870, at a cost of about $1,100. Among the early preachers of this denomination are remembered: Elders John Robinson, James Sbackhouse, D. W. Fowler and A. W. Sanford. The present pastor is Elder Jacob Rittenhouse. The Wesleyan Methodists have a class at Belleville, and in Section 28, is situ- a,ted the Osterbein Chapel, United Brethren Church, which has an active membership of about seventy. Their church building, a. substantial frame structure, represents a value of about $1,500; present pastor Rev. Mr. Calridge. At the village of Pleasant Plains is a society of the Friends Church, which has a substan- tial membership. A house of worship costing $1,000 was erected in 1870, and the society is reported in a fairly prosperous condi- tion. Among the preachers have been: Susan Ratliff, Mrs. Bogur 674 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. and others. All the church organizations in the township have accomplished much good in their respective communities, and the "high moral tone of the citizens of the township indicates the refining influence exerted by religious instruction." Township Organization. — Jefferson originally formed a part of Salamonie Township, and was set apart as a separate jurisdic- tion by order of the Board of County Commissioners, at the March term, 1843. The chief actor in procuring the organization was Peter Wire, and the residence of William Purviance was where the first election was held in the spring of 1844. In June of that year, the township was reduced to its present limits by the organization of Wayne, which took twenty-four square miles from the western part. Among the early township officials were: Branson Cox and Oliver Sanger, Justices of the Peace, and Nathan Anderson, Frederick Kautz and Andrew Wiley, Trustees. The following are some of the trustees since 1854, to-wit: Nathan Anderson, James W. Garrettson, Elijah Mitchell, 0. W. Sanger, Samuel Satterthwaite, E. T. Young, David Shutt, Joseph A. Little and the present incumbent, James P. Wire. The following gentlemen from Jefferson have at different times been called to fill county offices, viz. : John Layman and Andrew Wiley, Commissioners; Lewis T. Purviance, Represen- tative, and Oliver W. Sanger, Treasurer. Items of Interest. — The first birth in the township was that of Lavina, daughter of Peter and Nancy Wire, born March 4, 1836. Other early births were: Elvina, daughter of Oliver and Catharine Sanger, July 10, 1839; Jacob, son of Jonathan and Sarah Arnold, September, ]839, and John Heffner, son of Frederick Heffner, some time in the thirties. The first wedding in the township is said to have been solemnized in the year 1839, Frederick Heffner and Nancy Cook being the contracting parties. In August, 1838, Mr. Stewart, one of the early settlers, was removed from the midst of his earthly labors by the hand of death, " the first event of the kind in the township. " Bronson Cox, Jacob Marshall, Enoch Preble and David Campbell also died in an early day. About the year 1865 or 1866, the citizens of Jefferson were thrown into a state of intense excitement by the cruel murder of one William Lowry, who was stabbed in the neck while plowing in a field near his residence. He had been dead for some time when discovered, and the several arrests that followed failed to throw any light upon his mysterious taking off. The supposi- tion was that his wife knew all about the matter, as her conduct while he was absent in the army was such as to at once arouse the gravest suspicion. Nothing definite was ever learned, however, and the murderer will perhaps succeed in effectually escaping the punishment which his crime so richly deserves. Pleasant Plain, the only village in the township, is situated in Section 18, and dates its history from June, 1875. It was surveyed by James W. Gussman for several proprietors, and JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 675 was formerly known by the name of N"ixville. The early mer- chants of the place were: Eli and Stephen Scott, and later came Joseph Ouster, Levi Scott, B. Edgington, Mr. Blake, Mr. Kitch and C. Meyers. There are two general stores at this time and two blacksmith shops. The village is surrounded by a fine country and is a good local trading point. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. NELSON H. ABBOTT, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Jefferson Township, was born in Wabash County, Ind., May 4, 1839. His parents were James and Diana (McCourtney) Abbott, the former a native of Ohio, and the ancestors of the latter were natives of Kentucky. They were married in Kosiosko County, Ind., about 1836, and soon afterward removed to Wabash County, and were among the pioneers of that county. Our sub- ject was reared amidst the scenes of farm life, and received his education in the district schools of his native State. At the age of twenty he began to do for himself, and his domestic life be- gan on September 20, 1860, when he was united in marriage with Miss Narcissa Nordyke, daughter of John A. E. and Sarah D. Nordyke, whose biographies appear in this volume. She was born in Jefferson Township, January 24, 1829, and has resided here ever since. This union was blessed with six children: John L., Benjamin F., William L., Leander M., Elizabeth F., Sarah M., of whom John L. and Benjamin P., are deceased, and interred in the Lancaster Cemetery. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Abbott is a staunch Re- publican, and firmly believes in the principles of his party. During the late war he enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifty- First Regiment, under Capt. L. C. Bicfork. He began life on his own responsibility in limited circumstances, but by dint of in- dustry and perseverence has been eminently successful. To-day he owns a good farm in Sections 5 and 6, and has a comfortable home. For a number of years he has been engaged at minis- terial work, being ordained as a minister in 1868. He has given all the time he could, not to interfere too much with his domestic affairs, to church work. WILLIAM BECK, a farmer of Jefferson Township, was born in Pennsylvania, August 16, 1822, and he while quite young went to Maryland and resided there with his parents until he was six- teen years old. He was the youngest of a family of seven chil- dren, born to Michael and Susanah (Haynes) Beck, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. When William was sixteen years of age he accompanied his parents west, and they finally located in Wayne County, Ind., where they resided 67G HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. until their deaths. William grew to manhood in Wayne County, and during his youth learned the carpenter's trade, and con- tracted the building of several of the most substantial residences of Jefferson Township. On October 30, 1843, he was married to Eli/;abeth Campbell, daughter of William and Nancy Campbell, natives of Kentucky. Elizabeth was born in Wayne County, Ind., August 21, 1826; this union was blessed with thirteen children, namely: Eli, Susanah, Malinda, Nancy, Caroline, George W., Michael, Elama, William W., Elizabeth J. and Daniel, of whom Eli, Susanah, Michael, Elama, Nancy, Eliza- beth J., Daniel, and two infants died unnamed. Eli took a part in the late Eebellion, and died April 30, 1881. Probably contracted the disease in the war. Mrs. Beck was called away October 5, 1875; she died a memlaer of the United Breth-. ren Church, and highly esteemed by all who knew her. In 1853, Mr. Beck mOved upon the farm he now resides upon, which he had purchased some years previous; it now contains 325 acres and can be classed among the best farms in the vicinity. He is a self-made man, and started in life on his own responsibility with a willing heart and a few carpenter's tools. In a financial way he has been eminently successful, but has had the misfor- tune to lose his wife and nine children. In politics he is a Demo- crat, and a member of the United Brethren Church. He has lived to witness a great change in Huntington County, and has done his share toward its development. HORACE O. BRELSFORD, a prominent young farmer of Jefferson Township, was born September 18, 1854, being the sec- ond of five children born to Samuel and Deborah Brelsford. Our subject's father was born and reared in Ohio; he lived with his father on a farm until he was about twenty- three years of age when he was married to Miss Deborah Silvers, a very fine lady of Ohio. After his marriage he removed to this county about 1850, and began farming on a farm of his own. When he first settled here he began farming and clearing in the woods in Wayne Township. There was plenty of game when he first came to this country, such as squirrels, deer, etc. In the year 1862 he was en- listed in the Thirty-Fourth Indiana Volunteers, and was killed during the battle of Champion Hills. Mrs. Brelsford is still liv- ing in Jefferson Township. Our subject was born and raised in Huntington County, and was reared as a farmer boy. He re- mained at home with his mother until he was about thirty years of age, when he was married to Miss Ida Bardsley, of this county, June 8, 1885. After marriage he began farming for him- self about three-quarters of a mile east of Pleasant Plain, where he remained ever since. He is a Republican. He and lady are both well respected people of the community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. B. one child has been born: Lona D., born June 3, 1886. In 1881, he was elected Township Assessor and served two terms very successfully. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 677 SAMUEL CLEMENTS, who has been a resident of Jefferson Township since 1849, was born in Highland County, Ohio, June 3, 1814. He was the sixth in a family of nine children, born to Eichard and Elizabeth (Brown) Clements, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Virginia, of Irish and German de- scent. When Samuel was about three years of age, his parents removed to Wayne County, Ind., where he was reared on a farm. In 1837, they removed to Delaware County, where his parents resided until their deaths: his mother lacked only a few months of being one hundred years old at the time of her death. From 183? to 1849, our subject followed various pursuits, and during this period took part in the Mexican War, enlisting in 1846, and spent almost three years in conquering Mexico. After the clos- ing of the war, or in April, 1849, he landed in Huntington County. From here, in 1851, he went over to Miami County and entered eighty acres of wild timbered land, but never cleared it up, but he continued to reside in this township. In 1853, he purchased the farm he now resides on, and has lived here ever since. He soon erected a log cabin and began to clear it up. On August 22, 1850, he was married to Martha B. Pinkerton, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to this county in 1845. This union has been blessed with seven children: Melissa, David, Mary, Richard, William, Elvina, and Martha A., of whom Melissa is deceased. Mr. Clements is a staunch Republican, and firmly upholds the principles of that party. He began life a poor boy, and has earned every dollar he is worth to-day by hard work and earnest toil. He now owns eighty-two acres of fine land in Section 18, and has a comfortable home. PETER GUNDY was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, Decem- ber 29, 1831. His parents were Noah and Anna (Line) Gundy, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Fairfield County, Ohio, both of English descent. Our subject was raised on the farm his father was reared on, and at the age of twenty- three he began to work for himself by engaging to work on a farm near Ft. Wayne, by the month. In 1856 he took a trip to Missouri, and remained one summer, but returned to Ft. Wayne about the 1st of February, 1857. On the 8th of this month he was married to Miss Mary A Miller. This union was blessed with six children: Ida A., who died when about six years of age; Florence A., Ulysses A., Elizabeth, Sarah C, and an infant who died in infancy, unnanaed. Mrs. Gundy is a member of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Gundy is a solid Republican and took part in the late war. He enlisted in Company C, Fifty- Fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. L. C. Bee- ford, and took part in the battle of Vicksburg. He mustered out in 1863, and returned home. He came to this county in 1861, and settled on the farm where he now resides in Section 31. He now owns 169 acres of fine improved land which he has developed from the woods. By dint of industry and perseverance he has ^78 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. succeeded in providing himself with a comfortable home. It has taken years of hard and earnest toil, but Mr. Gundy never de- spaired but kept steadily on. Farming has been his life occupa- tion, and he can be classed among Jefferson's most successful farmers. A. P. HANKA is a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, where he was born November 16, 1831. His parents were John and Eliza- beth Hanna, the former a native of Cumberland County, Md., and the latter of Virginia; the former of Scotch-Irish, and the latter of German descent. Our subject was reared on a farm and adopted farming as his life profession. At the age of twenty- two he left home and began to work out by the month and year. On March 16, 1854, he was married to Sarah A. Gundy, daughter of Noah and Anna (Line) Gundy. She was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1830, where she was reared. This union was blessed with two children, Elida J. and Wallace G., both of whom are married and living in this county. Mr. Hanna located in this township March 31, 1860, and settled on the farm Mr. Gundy lives on now. In August, 1861, he purchased the farm on which he now resides, which was then almost all in the woods. Since his arrival, he has developed one of the best farms in this section. It consists of 120 acres, and his improvements are first-class. He began life a poor boy, and when he was married he only had $55, but can now be classed among Jefferson's most successful farm- ers. He is a staunch Republican, and firmly believes in the prin- ciples of his party. He and his wife are members of the United Brethren Church, with which they have been connected thirty- one years. SOLOMON LEWIS is a native of Montgomery County, Ohio. He was born January 9, 1830. His parents were Nathaniel and Nancy Lewis, natives of Canada, and emigrated to the United States soon after their marriage. In 1828 they removed to Wayne County, Ind., and in 1830 they were both carried away. Our subject spent his young life on a farm. At the age of twenty- one he began to do for himself by engaging at farm work. In 1841 he was married to Margaret Rinehart, a native of Preble County, Ohio, and principally raised in Henry County, Ind. This union was blessed %vith seven children: Christina, Jacob, Le- ander, Isabella, Melsona, Amanda and Daniel, of whom Isabella and Melsona are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis- are members of the German Baptist Church, and have been identified with this denomination twenty-five years. They came to Huntington County over forty years ago, when it was almost a wilderness, but a great change has taken place since their arrval. Mr. Lewis began life a poor boy. He now owns a fine farm of 180 acres in Section 23. His improvements are first-class, which speaks well for the judgment of Mr. Lewis. Honest and upright in all his dealings, he now holds the respect and confidence of the entire <^';'' . JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 681 community. Politically he is a Republican, and firmly believes in the principles of his party. He has dealt with his children liberally, and has assisted them in securing homes. He is a public-spirited man, and always indorsed any enterprise of a public nature which would benefit the community at large. ELISHA MARSH, a prominent resident ot Jefferson Town- ship for thirty-seven years, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, December 11, 1827. His parents were Jesse and Rachel (Borton) Marsh, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and was a Quaker; the latter was a native of New Jersey, also reared a Quaker. They were quite young when their parents moved to Guernsey County, Ohio, and were reared in that county. The father of Jesse was Enoch and the mother Phebe Marsh. Jesse and Rachel were married in Guernsey County, Ohio, and resided there until 1836, when they removed to Grant County, Ind., and settled in Washington Township; all of that part of the county was a wilderness then, but the sturdy pioneer went to work with a will and soon made a showing in the wilderness. Mr. Marsh began life a very poor man. About 1809 he was married and was just beginning to get a start in life when the War of 1813 broke out, and Mr. Marsh being compelled to hire a substitute it compellecl him to part with his last house, but he never lost his courage and when he was called away in 1853, he was in comfortable circum- stances. When he arrived in Grant County he entered 1,400 acres of land, and together with his large family worked very hard to improve it. Elisha, our subjectj was the ninth child in a family of fourteen children. As stated he accompanied his par- ents to Grant County when about ten years of age, and spent his boyhood and youth amid the hardships of pioneer days. At the age of twenty-two he began to do for himself, by engaging at farm work. On June 3d, 1849, he was united in marriage with Miss Charity Tetirick, daughter of John and Mary (Borton) Tetirick, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter a native of New Jersey, Charity was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, July 17, 1828, where she spent her young life, and returned to Grant" County with her step-father, George Wire, and her mother in 18 16. This union was blessed with ten children : Martha, Mary, Lavina, George and Minnie (twins), Enoch, Reuben, Elias, of whom Mary and two infants unnamed, are deceased. Politically Mr. Marsh is a staunch Republican, and firmly upholds the prin- ciples of that party, but never sought political honors. H removed upon, and purchased the farm he now resides upon in 1850; this was heavily timbered land and required an unlimited amount of hard labor to clear up a home. He moved into a very rude cabin with a puncheon floor, and Mr. Marsh says to-day that he never remembered seeing a worse abode. This he was compelled to live in for three or four years; many a day he would work in the clearing and spend half the night in burning brush. We have no hesitancy in saying that undoubtedly Mr- Marsh has 23 682 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. done more hard work than any other man in the township, and it is said to-day that he has split rails enough to fence the town- ship. He has assisted in laying out almost all the public highways in the township. We now find Mr. Marsh owning a fine farm in Sec- tion 19. He and his venerable wife, who has constantly stood by his side through adversity and prosperity, have reared a large fam- ily and have set an example for them to follow when they have passed away. Honest and upright in all his dealings, Mr. Marsh now holds the respect of the entire community. He bids fair to live and enjoy many years of happy old age where they have spent the best part of their life in making a comfortable home. Mrs. Marsh owns a copper kettle that belonged to her grand mother. Charity Borton, that is 150 years old and a valuable relic. SAMUEL MARSHELL, one of the oldest pioneers of Jeffer- son Township, and a resident of it over 50 years, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, February 1, 1813. He was the second in a family of ten children, born to Thomas and Margaret Marshell, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, and of English de- scent. They were married in Licking County, Ohio, about 1810, and the former continued to reside in Ohio until his death, which occurred in 1844. The latter was called away in Huntington County, while residing with her son, our subject, in 1879. Samuel spent his boyhood and youth on the farm, and received a fair education for that day of log school houses. At his ma- turity he began doing for himself, engaging principally in car- penter work. At the age of twenty-four, or in the spring of 1836, our subject found his earnings amounted to about $300, and as it would be an endless undertaking to remain in Ohio and save his money until he had enough to secure a home, he resolved to go west. Accordingly, about the first of April, 1836, he started on foot to seek a home somewhere in the west. About the middle of the month he arrvied at Joseph Anthony's, who resided in what was then known as Charleston. Mr. Anthony showed him the tract of land he now lives upon, and he immediately started to Fort Wayne, to enter 160 acres in Sections 9 and 10, this was then a wild woodland, filled with game,, and an occas- ional Indian. There were no public highways, and pioneers' cabins were scarce. He began working at his trade, here and there, in a radius of fifty miles of what is his home to-day, but occasionally he spent some time in clearing up his farm. On April 5, 1855, he was married to Mary C. Bhull, daughter of John and Lydia Shull, old and respected residents of this township. This union was blessed with nine children: Thomas C, John S., James H., Laura B., Lydia C, Margaret E., Elmeda J., Mary A., and Samuel G., of whom Thomas C, Lydia C, and Samuel G., are deceased, and interred in the Purviance Cemetery. Mrs. Marshell died September 34, 1874. She was a Christian woman, and esteemed by all who knew her. Mr. Marshetl is a member JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 683"- of the Christian Church, with which he has been identified for a number of years. Politically he is a stauach Repablican, and has held the office of Township Trustee. He now resides on his fine farm of IfiO acres, which is under a high state of cultivation,, with good improvements. BENJAMIN F. NORDYKE, a prominent and energetic farmer of Jefferson, was born on the farnJ where he now resides, and in the same house, May 11, 1852. His parents were John A. E. and Sarah D. (Anthony) Nordyke. The former was born June 7, 1809, in N orth Carolina. There he resided until about the age of twenty -one, receiving a fair education for that day of pioneer schools. In 1830 he emigrated to Ohio, where on September 1, 1831, he was united in marriage with Sarah D. Anthony, who was born in Virginia on December 19, 1807, where she was raised, Her father was Charles and his father was Christopher Anthony, and her mother was Elizabeth Anthony. Mr. and Mrs. John A. E. Nordyke began domestic life in Henry County, Ind. In Janu- ary, 1836, they located on the farm where they continued to reside until their deaths. The former passed away July 25, 1882; the latter. May 28, 1884. They came here when this was a wilder- ness and entered over 300 acres in Section 6. It was heavy tim- bered land and Mr. Nordyke was compelled, on account of scarcity of funds, to rough it for some time in a rude log cabin. This humble dwelling was the scene of many happy hours and after a hard day's work in the clearing it was a comfort to be seated with his family around the hearth stone and enjoy the pleasures of the home circle. He was born a Quaker, but while in his youth he purchased, at a bargain, a rather stylish cloak, which offended the old members of the church to such an extent that they gave him the privilege of either laying otf the cloak or losing his place in the church. He chose to keep the cloak and his name was erased from the books of the church. In after years he and Mrs. Nordyke united with the Christian Church and were members until death. He always upheld the principles of the Republican party. He was one of the earliest settlers in the county and highly respected by all who knew him. He began life a poor man and during life was erhinently successful. His family consisted of ten children: Sophronia, Elizabeth, Mary A., Milton, Narcisus, Leander, Malinda M., Alonzo, Amanda, Ben- jamin, of whom Sophronia, Milton, Leander, Alonzo and Amanda are deceased, and are all, except Sophronia, who is interred in the Price Cemetery, in Wayne Township, interred in the Lancaster Cemetery; also the parents. Thus we find one son and five daughters surviving, each of whom received a liberal legacy from home. Benjamin now resides on the old home place where he was reared. His early education was good. Being rea,red on the farm he adopted farming as a life profession and can to-day be classed among the most successful farmers of Jefferson Town- ship. On September 17, 1874, he was united in marriage with. 684 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Miss Mahala Simonton, daughter of John and Martha (Calhoun) Simonton, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Penn- sylvania. They emigrated in September, 1835, to Wabash County, Ind., and settled in the woods. They continued to reside in that county, Mrs. Simonton being called away March 23,1885. Ma- hala was born December 26, 1855i. and received her education in the district schools of Wabash County. Mr. and Mrs. Nordyke have been blessed with five children: Noble, Eva, Bertie, Bell, Charley, and an infant, deceased, unnamed. Mr. and Mrs. Nor- dyke are members of the Christian Church. He is one of the enterprising young men of the township, and expects to continue to make this his home. He owns the old home farm and is com- fortably situated. He is a member of the F. & A. M. order. CONROD S. PLASTER, is a native of Franklin County, Pa., where he was born January 17, 1827. His parents were George and Elizabeth (Snyder) Plaster, natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. When our subject was ten years of age his parents removed to Richland County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, receiving a good education in the district schools. At the age of twenty, he engaged in farming for himself. He soon engaged in the lumber business, which he followed until 1861, when he engaged in the drug business in Mt. Etna, which he suc- cessfully followed until 1883. During that year he disposed of his stock of drugs and purchased the farm he now resides on, and has given his entire attention to his farm ever since. On October 26, 1862, he was married to Martha Planck, daughter of Abraham and Mary Planck, old and respected residents of Hunt- ington County. Martha was born in Fleming County, Ky., July S, 1843. When two years old her parents removed to Rush County, Ind., and came to Huntington County, when she was ten years of age. This union was blessed with four children: William G., Charles S., Purlee C, and Theodore V. A., all of whom are living. Mr. Plaster is a member of the I. O. 0. F. order, and upholds the prineiples of the Republican party. JOHN" J. RUGGLES. — The gentleman whose biograph- ical sketch is herewith presented is a native of Lewis County, Ky., and the third of a family of ten children born to James and Drusilla (Voires) Ruggles. The parents were both born in Kentucky, from which State in 1838, they emigrated to Indiana, settling in Huntingtoii County, where they re- sided for one year, returning to their former home at the end of that time and remaining there until 1843. They then came back to Huntington County, and settled upon their home farm in Wayne Township, where the father's death oc- curred in 1886. The mother is still living on the home place, having reached a ripe old age. John J. Ruggles was born on the 23d of September, 1837, and grew to manhood in Wayne Town- ship, having been brought to Huntington County in his infancy. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP, 685 He was raised on a farm and in early life enjoyed such educa- tional advantages as the country afforded, attending the dif- ferent schools during the winter seasons and obtaining the rudiments of a practical knowledge. At the breaking out of the war he tendered his service to his country, responding to the first call for troops, enlisting for the three months' service in the Twefth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He re-enlisted in 1865 in the One Hundred and Fifty-Third Regiment, and remained with the same until honorably discharged, at the close of the war. On the 4th of August, 1861, he married Miss Lydia Evans^ who was born in Wayne County, Ind., September 1, 1844. Mr. and Mrs. Rug- gles have had four children, one of whom, James E., born April 16, 1877, is now living. Mr. Ruggles is one of the substantial farmers of Jefferson Township, and at this time owns 325 acres of valuable land, the greater part of which is under a successful state of cultivation. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, G. A. R., and in politics votes with the Republican party. OLIVER W. SANGER is a native of Hartford County, Conn., where he was born March 17, 1817. His parents were James C. and Achsa (Blodgett) Sanger, natives of Connecticut, the former of Irish and the latter of English descent. When Oliver was about one year old his parents removed to Licking County, Ohio, where they resided until their respective deaths; the former passed away July 20, 1832, in the prime of life. The widow survived him almost forty years, dying July 11, 1872. Oliver spent his boyhood and youth on the farm receiving a fair education. He worked out by the month and saved his earnings until his twentieth year, when he found he had saved $100. With this in his pocket he started in the spring of '36, to Indiana, a,nd traveled considerable of the northern portion of the State. Nine miles west of Goshen, he purchased a wild tract of land, paying $100 for eighty acres. This land he sold three years afterward for $300. In June he returned to his old home in Ohio, and remained until fall, when he came to Huntington County, and made his home in Wayne Township, but entered a tract of land in Section 19, Jefferson Township. On May 4, '37, he was united in marriage with Miss Catharine Snyder, daughter of Jacob and Margaret Snyder, old and respected residents of Wayne Township. This was the first marriage solemnized in Wayne Township. Mrs. Sanger was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, December 11, 1817, and if this happy union continues until the 4th of May, 1887, a half century will have passed since they began life together, in the little log cabin, long ago decayed and gone to ruin. They were blessed with six children, three boys and three girls. They were: Elvina, who diea in infancy; Achsa A., Mary E., Will- iam L., James M., and Joseph E., the latter of whom was called away when about six years of age. During the summer of 'S7 Mr. Sanger got out logs for a cabin on his land in Section 17, and on September 16, of that year, he, assisted by his neighbors. 686 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. some comJDg eight miles, raised his first house into which he im- mediately moved. Here he continued to reside until the 18th of December, 1853, when he removed to a house he had erected on the farm he now owns in Section 16. This was school land and divided into 80 acre lots. He kept adding to his original pur- chase until he owned 340 acres of the very best land in this sec- tion of the county. By hard and earnest toil he has developed what was a wilderness, into a fine improved farm. His sons and daughters are all married, and in comfortable circumstances. He has always been a staunch Republican. He cast his first vote for State and county officers in 1838, when, what is now known as Wayne, Polkr, Lancaster and Jefferson Townships, all voted together, at a little place known then as Charleston. In 1840, he was elected school commissioner, which ofiice he held three years; was re-elected but resigned, and in 184 4, was elected Justice of the Peace, and held that office for fourteeen years. In 1860, he was elected Treasurer of Huntington County. He re- moved to Huntington, and filled the office creditably. In 1863, ■he returned to his farm and in 1864, was elected Township Trustee, which position he has held nine years. Thus we find that he has held offices of trust in the township and county for over twenty- eight years which speaks volumes for the stand- ing and ability of Mr. Sanger. Honest and upright in all his life transactions, he has won the respect and confidence of all who know him, and can to-day be classed among the most substan- tial citizens of Huntington County. SAMUEL E. SATTEETHWAITE, one of the leading pioneers of Jefferson Township, is a native of Warren County, Ohio, where he was born May 30, 1825. His parents were Benjamin L. and Ruth (Evans) Satterthwaite, both natives of New Jersey, the former born in 1800, and the latter in 1801, of English extraction. They began life together in Warren County, Ohio, and resided there off and on until about 1840, when they came west and built a cabin and removed to Huntington County permanently in 1843, and settled on a tract of wild land which Mr. Satterthwaite had entered in 1836. This was in Section 7, Jefferson Township. Here the parents resided until their respective deaths; the former passed away in 1869. He was a public spirited man and was well versed in political history; he always upheld the principles of the Democratic party, but never sought political honors. In theology he had few superiors, and was an able supporter of the Bible and its teachings; he was reared in the Quaker Church, and upheld its principles through life. During life he was united in marriage twice, his first wife dying in 1829. His second wife was Miss Mary Lukens, a native of Warren County, Ohio, who was called away about 1866. Thus ended the lives of two promi- nent pioneers of Huntington County. Samuel Satterthwaite was reared on a farm, and received a fair education in his youth. At the age of twelve, it might be said he began life on his own re- JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 687 sponsibility. His father was one of the largest land owners in the county, and Samuel was his main assistant in running this large farm. On September 28, 1859, he was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Thomas, daughter of Jesse and Hannah (Cox) Thomas, old and respected residents of Grant County, and among the first settlers of that county, where Hannah was born August 37, 1839. This union has been blessed with seven children: Or- lando, Benjamin T., Charles N., Samuel W., John B., Gertrude, Vera Fay; of whom Orlando, Benjamin T. and Charles N. are deceased, all of whom died aftei- matuiity. Mr. and Mrs. Sat- terthwaite are members of the Quaker Church, with which they have been united during life. Politically Mr. Satterthwaite is a staunch Democrat, and firmly believes in the principles of his party. He has held the office of Trustee of Jefferson Township, being elected over his opponent by twenty-five majority, when the opposition had about eighty majority in the township. Mr. Satterthwaite has always responded when called upon to aid any public enterprise, and donated liberally toward the construction of the Wabash Railroad, the Mt. Etna Gravel Road and various other enterprises of a public nature. His is a fine farm, situated in Section 7, which is the old Satterthwaite homestead. It is pro- vided with substantial improvements, and one among the best farms in this locality. JOHN SHULL, one of the oldest pioneers of Jefferson Town- ship, is a native of Augusta County^ Va., where he was born, in 1811. He was reared on a farm in the mountains of Virginia, and his education was limited. At the age of twenty-one he emigrated to Preble County, Ohio, where he reside d until the fall of 1836, when he came to Huntington County and entered eighty acres in Section 26, Jefferson Township. He then returned to Ohio, and remained until the fall of 1839, when he moved upon his land. He built a cabin 18x20, which, at that time, ■was counted the best house in the township, and began to clear up his farm. He landed here the latter part of October, and by the next Easter had seven acres of land cleared, with the logs all rolled, and during that year raised enough corn to do him, be- sides having four bushels for sale. He assisted in clearing up all of his fine farm of 120 acres. The country has changed wonder- fully since he came, and what was a widerness fifty years ago has been transformed into fine, beautiful farms. He was one among the first settlers and has aided in developing Jefferson Township as much as any other man in it. He was married to Lydia Williams on November 25, 1834. She was a native of Preble County, Ohio, where she was born February 23, 1814. This union was blessed with nine children: Mary C, George H., Samuel P., Clarissa T., William Y. and Sarah E., all of whom, including three infant sons^ unnamed, are deceased. William Y. died while in defense of his country at Bowling Green, Kentucky. Mrs. ShuU was called away January 30, 1878. She was a mem- 688 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. ber of the Methodist Church, and esteemed by all who knew her, Mr. ShuU is now married to Mrs. Sydney Petz. This marriage occurred July 25, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Shull are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the former having been a member over fifty years. He began life a poor boy, and worked for fifty cents a day to get the money to enter his land. By sickness he has lost all of his family but one child, who is now the wife of Edward H. Hows, a prominent farmer of Salamonie Township. Mr. Shull is a staunch Republican and has always voted that ticket. He is one of the substantial farmers of Jef- ferson Township, and attended the first election in the township. PHINEAS SNYDEE, a prominent farmer of Jefferson Town- ship, was born in Brown County, Ohio, April 18, 1833. His parents were Philip and Eliza (Anthony) Snyder, natives of Virginia. They were married in Warren County, Ohio, about 1826. Phineas was reared on a farm and adopted farming as a life profession. At the age of eighteen he started for Tippecanoe County, Ind., and worked by the day and month for about seven years. In 1855 he came to Huntington County, and engaged to work with Abraham Nordyke. On January 13, 1859, he was united in mar- riage with Elizabeth A. Nordyke, daughter of John and Sarah Nordyke, pioneers of this township, and whose biographies ap- pear in this volume. Elizabeth was born October 29, 1833, in Henry County, Ind.; her life has been principally spent in Hunt- ington County. This union was blessed with five children: Minerva, Franklin, Sarah F., Emma A., and Jane, of whom Min- erva and Franklin are deceased. Mr. Snyder is a member of Lodge No. 333, F. & A. M. Bj' dint of industry and perseverance he has provided himself with a fine improved farm in Section 6, provided with good improvements. Mr. Snyder is one of the substantial farmers of Jefferson, and a highly respected citizen. Politically, he is a Republican, but never held any office. He has done his share toward the developraent of the township. JAMES P. WIRE, Trustee of Jefferson Township, was born on the farm where he now resides, February 29, 1844. His parents were Peter and Nancy (Blount) Wire, the former a na- tive of Kentucky, where he was born September 15, 1805. At the age of twelve years he removed to Ohio, locating in Preble County, where he was married to Nancy Blount. She was bom in Ohio in 1816. They were married about 1832, and in 1835 came to Jefferson Township, and entered 193 acres in Section 3. This was then a wild country, and it seemed a hopeless task to clear up a home in what was then a dense forest. He built a rude log cabin, moved into it and went to work with a will. He was assisted by a loving wife and family, and his labors were crowned with success. He was blessed with nine children, New- ton S., Milo F., Lavina, Angeline, Jane, Emanuel D., James P., Andrew B., and Milton, of whom Lavina, Emanuel and Milton, JEFFKESON TOWNSHIP. 689 are deceased, Emanuel dving while in defense of his country at Knoxville, Tenn. Mrs. Wire, the mother, died February 31, 1864. She was a kind lady and esteemed by all who knew of her ster- Img qualities. On October 1, 1883, she was followed by Mr. Wire. Thus ended the lives of two of the pioneers of Jefferson Township, that did their share while here toward its develop- ment. Mr. Wire was a public spirited man, and took an active interest in the affairs of the township and county.' He held the office of County Commissioner, and was at one time Assessor of Jeffsrson Township. He did a great deal toward building the Wabash & Lancaster Gravel Road, and the general development of the country. James P. spent his early life amid the scenes of pioneer days, and was reared on the farm, therefore he has adopted farming as a life profession, and to- day can be classed among the successful farmers of his vicinity. On August 38, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Thirty- Fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, and was placed in the western department under the general command, at different times, of Nelson, Pope, Grant, and Banks, and took part in the following noted battles: The siege of Vicksburg, with all the fights attending its capture, and during the second battle at Jackson, Miss., he received a slight wound. He remained in active service until February 3, 1866, when he received an honorable discharge, and returned home and engaged in farming. On March 5,1868, he was united in marriage with Miss Catharine Shideler, daughter of Jonas and Fanny (Berg) Shideler, old and respected residents of Lancaster Township. Catharine was born in Wayne County, Ind., Decem- ber 2, 1849, bat when about six months old her parents removed to Huntington County. Their union has been blessed with six children, Delia, iSTancy, Charlie, Dessie, Dona, and James Blaine, of whom Delia and N'ancy are deceased. Politically Mr. Wire is a staunch Republican, and firmly believes in the principles of his party. In April, 1884, he was elected Township Trustee, and handled the affairs of the township with such credit that in April, 1886, he was re-elected. He takes a great interest in the affairs of the township, especially the schools. He employs good teachers, and the schools are prospering. He lives on his farm, which is a part of the old homestead. As a public servant he has done his duty, and is one of the rising young men of Huntington County. Our subject had three brothers in the war, Emanuel, Newton S., and Andrew. James P., our subject, was engaged for some time in the grocery business, at Hunting- ton. 690 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. CHAPTER XII. Lancaster Township — Situation and Surface — Early Set- tlers — Mills and Improve ments — Churches — Miscella- NEOus Items — New Lancaster — Charleston — Mt. Etna — Kelso — Biographical Sketches. T ANC ASTER is Township 37 north. Range 9 east, of the Con- J I gressional survey, and was created by an act of the Board of County Commissioners, bearing date of May 15, 1837. It lies south of Huntington, east of Polk, north of Jefferson and west of Rock Creek Townships, and is watered and drained by the Salamonie River in the southern, and Loon Creek in the north- ern part. The surface, with the exception of land adjacent to Salamonie River is quite level, and characterized by a soil which for depth and richness, is not surpassed by that of any other part of the county. In its primitive state, the country was cov- ered by heavy timber, the greater part of which has been re- moved in preparing the ground for cultivation. In point of material prosperity, the township deservedly takes a front rank and its development, since the appearance of the first pioneers, has been all that could reasonably have been desired. The in- habitants are mostly descendants of the original settlers, who were drawn hither from older communities. As a class they are intelligent and thrifty, while their broad charity and public spirit find them foremost in every enterprise conducive to the general welfare. Settlement. — The first settler within the present limits of Lan- caster, was an old man by the name of Joseph Sprowl, who moved from Ohio in May, 1834, and built a cabin on the place now owned by Edward Starbuck, in Section 34. The following year Joseph P. Anthony settled in Section 31, and two years later laid out the town of Charleston, one of the oldest villages in Huntington County. Mr. Anthony was a carpenter by trade, and is remembered as a man who had mastered the true philosophy of life, working when it suited his convenience, but resting the greater part of his time. He died in Huntington many years ago. Abraham Nordyke in an early day settled the Whitmore place, in the southern part of the township, and about the year 1837 or 1838, Moses Wiles located where his widow still lives, a short distance north of the village of Mt. Etna. John Heiney was an early settler in Section 32, locating a farm at what is known as the Godfrey Bend, on the Salamonie River, on which stream he erected one of the earliest flouring mills in the southern part of the county. Mollison Fisher and his sons, Simon and Caleb, were reputed to have settled on Majenica Creek, north of Mt. LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 691 Etna, about the year 1837, and a son-in-law of the first named, John Pilcher, made improvements near by about the same time. A little later came a number of settlers, prominent among whom was Joel Burkett, who settled where he is still living, a short distance east of the village of New Lancaster. John Fulton set- tled north of New Lancaster, in Section ai, in quite an early day ^nd is one of the oldest residents of the township living at this time. Joshua Powell came as early perhaps as 1836, and settled about one mile north of Mt. Etna. His son, John Powell, who came the same time, is one of the oldest residents in the southern part of Huntington County. Thomas and Tavner Slagel located in the western part of the township prior to 1839, but before their arrival, a settlement had been made near the present site of New Lancaster, by Solomon Shideler, who was one of the very earliest permanent settlers in the township. Mr. Shideler moved here from Wayne County, and is said to have been the second settler in Lancaster, coming a few months after Mr. Sprowl's arrival. He laid off the village of New Lancaster, and was a man of sterling worth, highly respected by the people of the community. Among other settlers, late in the thirties or early in the forties, were Daniel Say res, in Section 22; Eev. Joseph Hardman, a minister of the German Baptist Church, in central part of the township; John Hardman, in same locality; George and Henry Kimmel, in northwestern part; Christian Heaston, near the Salamonie River; Jacob Heaston, near the southern boundary; Jacob Fun- derburgh, about one mile north of Mt. Etna; Charles Shaffer and his sons, John and Charles, in the northern part of the township; Henry Portis, north of New Lancaster; Charles A. Nordyke, son of Abraham Nordyke, near where the latter settled; George Brown, west of New Lancaster; John Wagner, in southern part of the township; Enos Boyd, near Lancaster Village; Mr. Stew- art, Andrew Stewart, John Stewart, Jacob Heaston, Jr., John Morgan, Thomas Chinn, David Funderburgh, Samuel Batson, James Denand, Jacob Dilling, Elias Shideler, David Calor, Will- iam Gardner, John Hawkins and Charles Shaffer, who made per- manent improvements in various parts of the township. Land Entries. — The following were some of the earliest land entries in Lancaster Township: Nathan Jenks, southwest quarter of Section 10, in 1830; Robert Randall and E. W. Madison, parts of Section 1, in 1835. The same year entries were made by Abram Allen, Levi Wallisten, Isaac Long, in Section 3; Thomas Morris, Fletcher Emley, John Steeler, in Section 5; Robert J. Demmett, Section 10; William McClurg and William Mackey, Section 12; Samuel Batson and Moses Robinson, Section 19; Isaac Bedsall, James Fulton and John Haller, in Section 20; Robert Mitchell, John Hardman and Henry W. Moore, Section 21; James Denand and Jacob Dilling, in Section 25; Charles Anthony and Henry Hindman, Section 31. Lancaster Township was organized as a separate jurisdiction on the 15th day of May, 1837. At that time it comprised por 692 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, tions of the territory embraced in Rock Creek and Polk, and upon the organization of those townships was reduced to its present limits. Improvements. — To John D. Campbell is due the honor of building the first mill in the township, which was constructed on the Salamonie River, as long ago as 1839 or 1840. It was used for grinding corn and wheat, and notwithstanding its primitive char- acter, was fairly well patronized for several years. About the year 1840, or perhaps a little later, John Heiney built a saw mill on what is now the Calvert place in the southern part of the township, about two miles northeast of Mt. Etna. He subse- quently erected a flouring mill, which was operated upon quite an extensive scale until its destruction by fire a number of years later (about 1858). A new mill was afterward erected on the same site, owned at this time by Frank Calvert. Another early mill on the Salamonie River, a short distance from Mt. Etna, was built late in the thirties or early in the forties, by Henry Hilde- brand, Sr., and Henry Hildebrand, Jr. It was a small affair, supplied with one run of buhrs, and fell into disuse with the build- ing of other and better mills in the country. A saw mill was built on the Salamonie River, Section 3;j, in an early day by Philip Shutt, who afterward attached machinery for the purpose of carding and spinning wool. It was operated for some time by David Shutt, and later by different parties, among whom were Collins & Bennett and Robert Langston. It ceased operations some time in the seventies. There have been several steam saw mills in the township from time to time besides tile factories, all of which proved fairly remunerative to the proprietors. Churches. — ■ The first religious services in the township were held in a small cabin on the present site of the village of New Lancaster, in 1837, by a traveling minister of the United Breth- ren Church. Rev. Benjamin Bowman, of the German Baptist denomination early visited the township and preached at the residence of Solomon Shideler. Revs. Hubbard and Abbott of the Christian Church preached in the township from time to time, and a little later ministers of the Disciples Church began holding meetings among the various settlements. In 1840, the Methodist Episcopal denomination built a log house of worship in Mt. Etna, and about the same time the Wesleyans erected a frame house in that village where an organization is still kept up. The Methodist Episcopal Church have four organizations at this time, one at Mt. Etna, the Pilcher Chapel in the western part of the township, the church at Kelso, and the New Lancaster church, all of which are reported in prosperous condition. The German Baptists have two churches in the township, one at New Lancas- ter and one not far from the northern border, both having large and influential memberships. Miscellaneous. — The first marriage in the township is said to have been that of Charles Morgan and Elizabeth Fisher, solem- nized in November, 1837. The first death, was that of a Mrs. Wol- LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 693 garmouth, which occurred in April of the same year. In 1874, occurred the accidental death of William Updike, who was drowned while bathing in the Salamonie River in Jefferson Township. He was a resident of Lancaster. A Mr. Price was drowned near Mt. Etna, in 1885. He was fishing at the time and got in water over his depth. New Lancaster. — The village of New Lancaster, one of the oldest towns in Huntington County, is situated on the Salamonie River, in the south fractional one half of the northeast quarter of Section 33, Township 27 north, Range 9 east. Was laid out May, 1836, for Solomon Shideler. It early became quite a busi- ness point, and among the first merchants are remembered a Mr. Wood, Michael Calor, Isaiah Reed, Mr. Randolph, Randolph & Leedy, Samuel Fenstermaker, William Cook and Joseph Ewart. Later came David Portis, Thomas Hacker, Andrew Wire, Portis & Frame, William Hoover, Henry Wyck, Jonas Calvert and William Calvert, the last named gentleman being still connected witn the business interests of the place. Among the first mechanics were Daniel Wright and Richard Barnett, and among the early physicians can be recorded the names of Drs. Gephart and Caster. One of the earliest indus- tries of the town was a pottery shop operated for some years by George Fletcher, who is said to have done a very good business. Like most small inland towns remote from railroads New Lan- caster's growth never came up to the expectation of the founder, and, although situated in one of the most fertile and highly fav- ored agricultural districts of Northern Indiana, and being one of the oldest villages in the county, it is but a mere hamlet of about seventy -five or a hundred inhabitants. Its business is represented by two general stores kept by William C. Calvert and J efferson ■ Sprinkle, and two blacksmith shops operated by John W. Zell and Abraham B. Shideler. The Methodists and German Baptists have churches in the village, the former of which is a very old organization. It has a membership of about sixty, and the beau- tiful brick temple of worship erected in 1884, is one of the finest specimens of church architecture in the county. Among the ministers of the church in later years were Revs. Samuel S. Lamb, Mr. Coho, William Bell, E. P. Church, F. M. Robinson, Joseph Cook, Albert Kerwood. Mr. Fetro, Peter Bilderback, 0. V. Harber, and the present incumbent Rev. Mr. Gamble. The offi- cers of the society at this time are Lewis T. Shutt, Class Leader; J. M. Boyd and John Heiney, Stewards. The large and flourish- ing Sunday School is under the efficient superintendency of Ben- jamin Heaston. The German Baptist Church was organized sometime in the forties, and for a number of years meetings were held in barns, groves and the residences of the different members. Among the early preachers were Revs. Joseph Hardman and Michael Min- nich. The present house of worship in Lancaster was erected about the year 1868, and, with the exception of the Catholic and 694 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Lutheran Churches in Huntington, is the largest church edifice in the county, being 50x80 feet in size, with a seating capacity of over 600. The membership is quite strong, the present number being about 300. Present preachers, John Eikensberry, Daniel Shideler, Henry Wyck, Samuel Murray and Jacob Eckman. In the northern part of the township, on Loon Creek, is another church of this order, being a branch of the Lancaster Society. A substantial brick building, 35x50 feet was erected a few years ago, in which meetings are held alternately with the society worshipping in the village. Charleston.— The town of Charleston was laid out Novem- ber 27, 1837, by Joseph P. Anthony, who had surveyed and placed at the disposal of purchasers a plat of forty lots on the southeast quarter of Section 31, Township 27 north. Range 9 east. But few of these lots were sold, however, the village, owing to the laying out of Mt. Etna, a little over a mile distant, soon fell into decline, its interests being absorbed by the latter place. It is said that a small stock of goods, consisting of a few groceries, several pieces of calico and a barrel of whisky was brought to the place shortly after the survey by Garrett Hefifner, who failed to realize a for- tune from his business venture. The first actual store was opened by Samuel Jennings, who, after selling a short time, disposed of his stock to John McGlinn. Mr. McGlinn increased the stock, and for several years carried on a very successful business. This was the last business venture of any kind in the village, and within a short time after he closed out, the few houses in the town were either torn down or removed to Mt. Etna. The plat was subsequently vacated and a cultivated field is all that now remains of the once flourishing little village. Mt. Etna. — The town of Mt. Etna, in. the extreme southwest corner of the township, on the Salamonie River, is the site of one of the earliest settlements in the southern part of the county, and dates its history proper from November, 1839. The original plat consisting of seventy-four lots, lies wholly within Lancas- ter, but additions subsequently made embrace portions of the ad- joining townships. The town was laid out by John Heffner, who for several years after the survey kept a hotel in a little building which is still standing near the eastern boundary of the village. William Watson moved to the village early in the forties, and engaged in the manufacture of furniture, erecting a small shop on Main Street, in which he did a very successful business for some years. Another early resident was Michael Minnich, a carpenter and mill-wright, who assisted in building many of the first houses and mills in the country. The first store was opened by Clark Cubberly, who engaged in general merchandising about the year 1845, offering the goods for sale in a little log building on the public square. In addition to merchandising, Mr. Cubberly car- ried on a shoe shop, the store being in one end of the building, and his bench and tools in the other. He remained but a short LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 695' time, but notwithstanding his limited stock of goods is said to have done a fairly successful business. A Mr. Dorch was the second merchant. He brought a good stock of general merchan- dise to the place and carried on a prosperous business for several years. Since his time the mercantile interests of the place have been represented by quite a number of business men, among whom were the following, to-wit: Samuel Swayzee, Henry Hildebrand, Frank Calvert, Samuel Brelsford, John Jeffrey^ Lewis Van Antwerp, Thomas A. Gibb, Isaiah Reed, Robert Reed, Marshall Wright, Conrad Plasterer, Ellis & McGovney, John S. Martin, K. R. Collins, William Cook, Calvert & Chenoweth, WiUiam Fulhart, Plasterer & Scott, William Parker, Frank Tal- bott, Planck Purviance and others. Thomas Mahoney, in 1844, began the cabinet maker's trade, and later effected a partnership in the same with John Cowling, which lasted for some years. Mahoney finally purchased his partner's interest and continued the business several years longer, manufacturing a great deal of furniture in the mean- time. An early industry of the town was a tannery, operated by various parties until about the year 1880, the last owner being a Mr. Billiter. The first mill in the village was built in 1848, by Jacob Epley, who after operating it a short time, sold out to Elijah Snowden. It stood on the Salamonie River, near the site of the present flour- ing mill, and as originally constructed manufactured nothing but lumber. Mr. Snowden, about the year 1851 or 1852, erected the large three story grist mill, still standing, which he operated very successfully until 1860, when it was purchased by Mr. Shirk, of Peru. It subsequently passed through the hands of several owners, and finally, in 1880, was purchased by Thomas Mahoney, by whom it has since been operated. The mill is a three- story building, with three run of buhrs, and has for years been the leading industry of the village. The first saw mill has long since disappeared, but in 1881, Mr. Mahoney moved a mill from the country, which is at this time one of the best mills of the kind in the southern part of the county. Physicians. — The following list includes the names of the majority of the medical men who have practiced the healing art in Mt. Etna, to-wit; Drs. Kersey, Mills, Patty, Croninger, Sheffield, Blackstone, Wickersham, Beckford, Thomas, Layman, Moore, Snyder, Bobbitt, Chadwick, Anderson, Palmer, Bigelow, and the present physicians, Drs. G. P. Chenoweth and S. P. Mitchell. The early landlords of the village were John Heffner, Luke Williams and James Howard, and among the first mechanics were Samuel Pressler and John Yantis. For a number of years during the early history of the county, Mt. Etna was a very im- portant trading point, but with the construction of railroads and the consequent springing up of other towns in the vicinity, its fortunes began to decline somewhat, though it is still the chief source of supplies for a large area of territory. Several years ago 696 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the citizens in order to inaugurate a system of street and other improvements, decided, by a handsome majority, to assume the responsibility of maintaining a corporation. Accordingly a town board was elected and put the municipal machinery in mo- tion. The first officers were A. R. Large, Elam Purviance, and John Bowman, Trustees; John S. Martin, Clerk, and Samuel Fisher, Treasurer. The officers at this time are as follows: J. J. Jackson, T. A. Eodgers and Joseph Burkett, Trustees; Jasper Blake, Marshal; George E. Plasterer, Clerk, and E. E. Jeffrey, Treasurer. Lodges. — Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 333 F. & A. M., was organized March 31, 1866, with the following charter members: K. R. Col- lins, William B. Morgan, John B. Harris, M. R. Chad wick, David Shutt, A. R. Large, A. B. JSTordyke, J. R. Williamson and Riley Fleming. The first officers were: K. R. Collins, W. M.; William B. Morgan, S..W.; John B. Harris, J. W., and M. R. Chadwick, Secretary. The first members initiated after organization were Daniel Smith and L. C. Beckford. The Lodge, while not so strong in numbers as formerly, is still in good working order, and at this time has an active membership of twenty five. The following are the officers for 1887, viz.: I. E. Fisher, W. M.; L. T. Shutt, S. W.; David Heiney, J. W.; A. R. Large, Secretary; S. P. Mitchell, Treasurer; James Gallagher, S. D.; T. A. Rodgers, J. D., and Phineas Snyder, Tiler. Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 304, J. O. 0. F., was instituted May 20th, 1868, the charter containing the names of the following origi- nal members, to wit.: E. J. Anderson, James M. Marshall, L. W. Anderson, George W. Giltner, Aaron McKinney and Aden J. Wiles. The lodge is in a very prosperous condition, with thirty- seven contributing memb^s, and the resources as shown by the June report for 1886, is $1,411.11. In connection with the Masonic fraterni^jr, the society has a beautiful cemetery near the village, and the hall in which the meetings are held is one of the neatest and most tastefully arranged lodge rooms in the county. The following are the elective officers: John M. Blowse, N. G.; Levi Hawkins, V. G.; James Vernon, Recording Secretary; Henry Ruggles, Permanent Secretary, and J. J. Jackson, Treas- urer. B. S. Thomas Post, No. 241, G. A. E., was established Septem- ber 27, 1883, with the following members: Levi Hawkins, Henry Ruggles, Jeremiah J. Jackson, G. W. Gundy, James E. Gordon, William Couch, S. R. Aldrich, A. R. Large, W. L. Ruggles, Wil- son Breckner, George Erwin, Charles Hooker, Robert Ruggles, H. H. Jeffries, George Freshour, John J. Ruggles, W. K. Had- ley, John T. Campbell, William Ham, G. W. Halsey, Elihu Com- ler, J. A. Pinkerton, James Gallagher, Wesley Giltner, Presley, Johnson and Peter Weller. The organization was effected un- der the name of Champion Hill Post, but owing to there being an older post of the same name in the State, it was subsequently changed to that of R. S. Thomas. Present membership thirty- LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 699 i five. The following is a list of officers for 1887, to wit: Levi Hawkins, Post Commander; Henry Ruggles, S. V. C; Peter Weller, J. V. C; George Plasterer, Adjutant; William Pritchett, Quartermaster; Charles Hooker, Surgeon; J. W. Giltner, Chap- lain; James Gallagher^ Officer of the Day, and W. James, Officer of the Guard. Churches. — There are two religious organizations in Mt. Etna, i. e., the Methodist Episcopal, and Wesleyan Methodist, both of which have active memberships and substantial houses of wor- ship. The former is quite an old society and among its members were many of the earliest settlers of the village and adjacent country. Their house of worship is a beautiful brick edifice re- cently erected, and the membership while not large, has shown commendable zeal in counteracting many of the prevalent evils of the times. The "Wesleyan Church, at one time the strongest religious society in the township, has gradually decreased until its membership' is now quite small. A frame house of worship built a number of years ago is still used by the congregation. Present Business. — The business interests of Mt. Etna at this time may be summarized as follows: Frank Calvert, I. N. Hil- debrand and Charles Bain, dealers in general merchandise; J.J. Jackson, drugs; A. E. Large, cabinet maker and undertaker; J. T. Planck, tinner; L. T. Marks, blacksmith and wagon maker; T. A. Rogers, manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes; E. J. Ingham and E. E. E. Jeffrey, blacksmiths; Charles Bain, hotel, George Wines, saloon; Sallie Anderson, milliner; Mahoney Bros., A. J. Steele, and Levi Hawkins, saw mills, and Thomas Mahoney, grist mill. Population of the village, about 300. Kelso. — Situated on the east half of the northeast quarter of Section 25, Township 27 north, range 9 east, was laid out Novem- ber 8. 1856, by J. Crosby. The plat recorded January 24, 1857, consists of nineteen lots, to which additions have been subse- quently made. Kelso while a thriving little village has never been a place of extensive business but has always enjoyed a fair proportion of the current trade. Its population does not probably exceed 200, but it is supplied with all the necessary auxiliaries of the kind and quality of trade demanded by the people there, and in the country surround- ing. There are a couple of general stores, a church, and about the usual number of mechanics and artisans found in country villages. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LABAN ALLRED, the subject of this sketch, one of the substantial young farmers in Lancaster Township, was born in Huntington County, Ind., March 26, 1861, and is the eldest son of Abner and Jane (Sparks) Allred, natives of North Carolina 23 700 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. and Indiaiia, respectively. Abner and Jane Allred were mar- ried June 10, I860, and are the parents of two children, viz.: the subject of this biography and Lundia, wife of Alonzo L. Ham. They are still living at their home at this time, being about one mile north of Eoanoke in Jackson Township. Laban Allred was raised on a farm, and in addition to the common schools at- tended three terms at the Central Normal College, Danville, Ind., where he obtained a liberal education. At the age of twenty- two, he took charge of a farm of 146 acres, in Section 30, Lan- caster Township, which he has since successfully managed, owning at this time sixty- six acres of the tract. His farm is well improved, and he is looked upon as one of the successful agriculturists in the community where he resides. He is a Republican in politics, but has never aspired to official prefer- ment. CHAELES BAIN, prominent business man of Mt. Etna, and son of John and Esther (Horney) Bain, was born in Wayne County, Ind., on the 6th day of December, 1838. John Bain was a native of Scotland and early came to the United States, moving to Wayne County, Ind., in the year 1830. Esther Bain was born in North Carolina, came to Indiana about the year 1824, and with her husband resided in Wayne County, until their removal to Huntington County, in the early part of 1857. They settled in Polk Township, where they lived until their respective deaths, which occurred as follows: the father September 6, 1879, and the mother on the 18th day of May, 1885. Charles Bain was reared to agricultural pursuits, received in the common schools a good English education, and at the age of twenty-one began life for himself, farming in the summer and teaching in the winter seasons. He continued in this capacity until about the year 1868, at which time he embarked in the mercantile business at Mt. Etna, where he has since continued. He served in the late war as member of the Ninth Indiana Infantry, but was in the field only nine months. Mr. Bain has been quite successful in his business ventures, and at this time, in addition to conducting a general store and meat market, is proprietor of the only hotel in Mt. Etna. He was married December 33, 1860, to Miss Ruth C. Penland, a unidn blessed with six children, viz.: John D., born September 23, 1861; James, born December 18, 1863; Edna B., born May 11, 1866; Alfred M., born August 39, 1871; Elma, born February 25, 1875, and Emil, born February 27, 1879. MOSES BATSON. farmer and stock raiser, was born in Henry County, Ind., Feburary 37, 1840, and is a son of Samuel and Lucinda (Robinson) Batson, the father born in Ohio and the mother in Indiana. Samuel Batson was born June 3, 1814, came to Huntington County, January, 1841, and settled in Lan- caster Township, where his death occurred, December 33, 1861. Mrs. Batson was born on the sixteenth day of June, 1814, and LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 701 is still living. They are the parents of three children, to-wit^ Amanda, born February 27, 1840; Moses, whose birth is given above and John, born October 16, 1849, died December 22, 1861. The subject of this sketch was raised on the farm, where he now resides, and in tue country schools enjoyed the advantages of a practical English education. He began life as a farmer taking charge of the home place, the greater part of which he now owns. This farm consists of 320 acres, of valuable land, which under Mr. Batson's successful management has been made one of the best places in Lancaster Township. Mr. Batson in 1880, was elected to the office of a Constable, the duties of which posi- tion he has discharged, until the present time. His marriage with Miss Augustine C. Milner of Fayette County, Ind, , solem- nized May 20, 1858, has been blessed with the birth of the follow- ing children, viz.: John S. W. R. M., born May 12, 1859, died April 25, 1886; Moses J. A. B., born April 20, 1861, died January 15, 1873, and Luciuda M. E. A., born July 24, 1863. Mrs. Batson was born on the 15th day of June, 1840. Mr. Batson is one of the leading citizens of the township, alive to every interest for the general welfare of the community. He is a Democrat in politics, and was formerly an active worker in the Grange move- ment. JOEL BURKET, one of the oldest living settlers, and one of the leading citizens of Lancaster Township, was born in Montgom- ery County, Ohio, January 24, 1816, the eldest son of David and Hannah (Byerly) Burket — parents both natives of North Caro- lina. He was reared on a farm in his native county, received in the common schools a limited education, and remained with his parents until attaining his majority, at which time he began life upon his own responsibility, choosing agriculture for a vocation. On the 13th day of October, 1836, he was married to Miss Susan- nah Wissler, and two years later emigrated to Huntmgton County, Ind., and settled in Lancaster Township, choosing for his home 160 acres of valuable land on the northeast quarter of Sec- tion 34, where he made a comfortable home, and where his family of five children were reared to man and womanhood. Mr. Burket, in 1841 or 1842, was elected Trustee of Lancaster, and discharged the duties of that office in an eminently satis- factory manner for three terms. He is a notable example of what energy and determination can do in the face of adverse circumstances, as he began life in the wilderness of this town- ship with little capital save willing hands and a vigorous consti- tution. He has taken an active interest, not only in the physical development of the township, but in the moral condition of the community as well, and is at this time one of the leading mem- bers of the German Baptist Church at New Lancaster. In poli- tics he votes with the Democratic party, but is not, and never has been, an aspirant for official honors. Mr. and Mrs. Burket have a family of five children, whose names and dates of birth 702 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. are as follows, viz.: Anna, born August 20, 1837; Eli, born April 27, 1839; David, born July 15, 1841; Joseph, born Septem- ber U, 1843; Eliza, born August 10, 1848. ELI BURKE T, farmer and stock raiser, eldest son of Joel and Susannah (Wissler) Barket, was born in Wayne County, Ind., April 27, 1839. Ha enjoyed the advantages of a common school education, early bscams familiar with the rugged duties of farm life and until his marriage, which occurred when he was twenty-one years of age, remained with his parents, acquaint- ing himself with the carpenter's trade in the meantime. On leaving home he began working at the trade which he carried on with gooci success for a period of thirteen years, abandoning it at the end of that time and engaging in agricultural pursuits which he has since carried on. He now owns 100 acres of choice land in Section 35, Lancaster Township, which in point of im- provements will compare favorably with any other farm in the southern part of the county. He is an energetic man, fully alive to the interests of the public and is held in high esteem by all with whom he comes in contact. He is a Democrat in politics and as such has rendered valuable service to the party in this county, having been its candidate for various oflScial positions. The following are the names of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Biirket: William E., born November 29, 1831; Teressa J., born September 7, 1863, and Millie M., born July 8, 1876. Of these William and Teressa are married, the former to Miss G-race Mason and the latter to Frank Wmebreaner. Mr. aud Mrs. Burket are active membars of the German Baptist Church. DAVID BUEKET, son of Joel and Susannah Burket, is a native of Huntington County, Ind., and dates his birth from the a5th day of July, 1841. He received a good, practical education in the common schools, and passed the years of his youth and •early manhood on his father's farm, thus early familiarizing himself with the details of that most useful of all occupations — 4. e., the pursuit of agriculture. On the 8th day of October, 1862, he responded to the country's call for volunteers, and as a mem- ber of the Twenty-Third Indiana Battery did valiant service in ■defense of the old flag, until honorably discharged from service at the close of the war in 1865. On severing his connection with the army, Mr. Burket returned home and resumed farming, which ■he has since successfully continued, owning at this time a comfort- able home in Section 35, Lancaster Township. He is a Republican in politics, and in the fall of 1885 was elected County Commis- sioner by the largest majority ever given any one man in the -county up to that date — .a fact which attests his great personal popularity. He was married March 24, 1867, to Miss Mary A. Ulrich — a union blessed with the following children, viz.: Nancy C, born February 16, 1868, died February 7, 1886; Ada, born June 6, 1870; Samantha J., born December 16, 1872; Jesse, LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 703 born July 18, 1876; Levi, born July 17, 1881. ISTancy G, was mar- ried to Jcaob Beemer, by whom she had one child which died in in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Burket belong to the German Baptist Church. GEORGE BUZZARD, a native of Adams County, Ohio, was born September 1, 1819, the eldest son of John and Rachel (Buggies) Buzzard, natives, respectively of Virginia . and Ken- tucky. John Buzzard, in 1834, settled in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and one year later moved to Huntington County, hav- ing been one of the earliest pioneers of this part of the State. He was by occupation a farmer and died in this county on the 5th of June, 1855. His wife survived him several years, depart- ing this life on the 12th day of April, 1881. George Buzzard grew up with but few advantages for obtaining an education, but by applying himself in later y^rs, having always been a reader, has become quite well informed upon all the general •topics of the day. He was raised a farmer and early chose agri- culture for his life work, and at this time owns a beautiful place of 160 acres of yaluable land in Lancaster Township, the result of his persevering industry. He remained with his parents until his marriage which was solemnized on the 24th of July, 1844, with Mrs. Mary A. (Shanklin) Cline, who has borne him the following children, viz.: John S., born May 24, 1845; Mary E., born September 14, 1846, died June 19, 1857; Rachel E., born August 3, 1849; Sarah C, born May 6, 1852; George B., born September 6, 1854; Charles H., born June 14, 1857, and Jesse J., born January 34, 1859. Mr. Buzzard in 1852, was elected Trustee of Lancaster Township, the duties of which office he discharged in a creditable manner until 1863. In 1876, he was elected on the Democratic ticket a member of the board of County Commissioners, besides which he has frequently served in various official capacities. He is one of Lancaster's represen- tative men, and with his wife belong to the Church of God. JOHN S. BUZZARD, eldest son of George and Mary A. Buz- zard, was born in Huntington County, Ind., May 24, 1845. He received a common school education, grew to manhood on his fath- er's farm, and remained with his parents until after his nine- teenth year. February 1, 1865, he enlisted for one year in the One Hundred and Fifty- Third Indiana Infantry, with which he served for a period of about ten months, acting in a clerical cap- icity the greater part of the time. After his discharge he re- turned home, and for some time thereafter was engaged as clerk in the grocery house of W. H. Rhinehart, a businesss he subse- q^uently abandoned for farming, which he now successfully car- ries on. He owns 160 acres in Sections 3 and 9, Lancaster Town- ship, and is one of the leading farmers ot the community in which he resides. August 36, 1866, he married Rebecca Shaffer, who wag born in this county, September 19, 1848. The issue of 704 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. this marriage are eight children, viz. : William T., born June 10, 1867; Rosanna, born March 28, 1869; Louis S., born March 29,1872; John F., born January 23, 1874; Charles A., born April 5, 1877; Jacob U. born October 14, 1879; Ora M., born April 23, 1882, and Bertie, born May 14, 1884. Politically Mr. Buzzard is a Demo- crat; in religion a member of the Church of God, to which his wife also belongs, DAVID CHAMBERS, deceased, was a native of Greene County, Ohio, born September 20, 1817. On the 9th day of May, 1843, he married Hester Ann Woodward, of the same county and State, by whom he had four children; to wit: infant, deceased, unnamed; Harriet, deceased; Martha E., born December 17, 1846, and William E., born December 31, 1848. The same year of their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Chambers moved to Huntington County, Ind., and settled in Section 27, Lancaster Township, where the family was reared, and where the father's death oc- curred February 7, 1870. The place upon which Mr. Chambers settled was at the time of his appearance an almost unbroken wilderness, but with an energy and determination born of a will to succeed he went to work and by persevering industry finally carved out a home which at the time of his death was one of the most valuable farms in Lancaster Township, consisting of 260 acres of fine land substantially improved and in a high state of cultivation. The farm is now successfully managed by the only son, William E. Chambers, one of the representative citizens of the township. David Chambers was a substantial business man, an active member of the Presbyterian Church, and his death was an event that cast a shade of gloom over the entire com- munity in which he resided. The members of his family now living are prominently identified with the Methodist Church. GEORGE P. CHENOWBTH, M. D., was born at Mt. Etna, Ind., March 11, 1849, the eldest son of Joel and Elizabeth (Lever- ton) Chenoweth, who were among the early pioneers of Hunt- ington County. Dr. Chenoweth's early educational training was obtained in the common schools, supplemented by a course in the Antioch High School, where he pursued his studies for a limited period. On quitting school he engaged in teaching in Jefferson Township, a profession he followed four years, abandoning it with his last school taught in Mt. Etna. Having early determined to make the medical profession his life work, Dr. Chenoweth, in 1873, began preparing for the same by a course of reading in the office of L. C. Beckford, M. D., of Mt. Etna, and the following year took his first course of lectures at the Chicago Medical Col- lege, from which institution he subsequently graduated, his di- ploma bearing date of March 20, 1877. After completing his medical education the doctor at once entered upon the active practice of the same, and is now one of the successful and rising physicians of Huntington County. He was married October 30, LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 705 1873, to Miss Matilda C. Sleisure, of Mt. Etna, who has borne him two children, to wit: Mary E., born October 7, 1874, and Albert^ born February 27, 1877. The doctor takes an active interest in political affairs, voting the principles of the Republican party. He is a member of Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 304, I. O. 0. F., in which he at present holds the position D. D. G. M. His portrait appears on another page of this volume. THOMAS CRANDEL, M. D., physician and surgeon, of Kelso, is a native of Indiana, born in Fayette County, June 7, 1838, the eldest son of Michael and Sarah (Londenback) Crandel. The father and mother about the year 1849, or 1850, moved to Hunt- ington County and settled near Warren, Salamonie Township, where the former's death occurred in 1870. The mother is still living, being at this time a resident of the town of Warren. Thomas Crandel received a good common school education and remained under the parental roof until the age of twenty- one, assisting his father on the farm in the meantime. After a few months spent with his father in the capacity of a farm laborer he accepted a position as teacher in the public schools and was thus engaged in Salamonie and Jefferson Townships until the breaking out of the great Civil War, when he exchanged the quiet duties of instructor for the more active and arduous duties of the soldier. August 28, 1861, he was mustered into service as a member of Company C, Thirty-Fourth Indiana Infantry with which he served for a period of nearly five years, participating in a number of active campaigns and bloody battles during that period. At the battle of Thompson Hills, Tex., he was the victim of a mishap caused by the action of a comrade in firing a gun close to his ear, causing a partial deafness from which he has never entirely recovered. At the expiration of his term of service, February 3, 1866, Dr. Crandel returned home and for some time thereafter was engaged in teaching, which he subse- quently abandoned for the medical profession, beginning the study of the latter under Dr. Yingling, of Huntington. On com- pleting his preliminary reading he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute, at Cincinnati, from which institution he graduated in the spring of 1869. After graduation heat once engaged in the active practice of his profession, which he now carries on in con- nection with the drug and retail grocery business at the town of Kelso. In addition to his mercantile interests the Doctor owns a fine farm of 136 acres in Salamonie Township and a smaller one in Wells County, both of which are substantially improved and well cultivated. He is a member of Majenica Lodge, No. 563, F. & A. M., and also belongs to Monroe Laymon Post, No. 211, G. A. R. He is a member of the Methodist Church, as is also his wife, and in politics votes with the Republican party. He was married February 21, 1869, to Miss Hannah M. Morgan, of Frank- lin County, Ind. 706 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. SOLOMON DILL, was born in Wayne County, Ind., on the 13th day of August, 1838. He was married to Miss Susan Hunt- singer, August 12, 1858. She is also a native of Wayne County* and was born May 8, 1810. Five children were born to this union, viz.: Elizabeth E., born December 28, 1859; Benjamin F., born November 8, 1861; William W., born December 26, 1867; Elmina, born May 2, 1873, and Catherine (deceased), born Novem- ber 8, 1863, died May 29, 1868. The subject was a soldier in the late war, and was in the service nine months, being wounded in the right leg, for which disability he draws a pension of three dollars per month. He owns fifty -four acres of fine farming land on Section 2, Lancaster Township, which is well improved and under a high state of cultivation. Politically, Mr. Dill has for- merly been a Eepublican, but now is somewhat inclined toward the Greenback Organization. The farm is under the manage- ment of Mrs. Dill and her son William, while the father is en- gaged with his son Benjamin F., in retailing musical instruments at Kalamazoo, Mich., where they have been thus occupied for the past three years. In 1866, this family moved ft-om Wayne County, Ind., to Huntington County, and settled where they now reside. The subject is a member of the Evangelical Church, while his wife and three children are members of the Church of God. They are highly respected citizens in the community where they reside. CLINTON C. ELLIS. — Conspicuous among the representa- tive citizens of Lancaster Township, is Clinton C. Ellis, who was born in Brown County, Ohio, February 1 1, 1840, the eldest child of Jeremiah and Catharine (Lawrence) Ellis. He was educated in the common schools, and until his twentieth year remained wit.h his parents, working on the farm in the meantime. On the 30th day of August, li-60, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary, daughter of William and Isabella (McCallahan) McGov- ney a union blessed with the birth of the following children: Isabella C, born November 8, 1861; William J., born February 23, 1864; John F., born June 4, 1867; Ella M., born June 2, 1869; George D., born April 10, 1876; Jesse O., born September 28, 1874. Isabella C, the eldest daughter, was married February 18, 1882, to J. C. Kitch, by whom she is the mother of one child, Claude E. Kitch, born January 18, 1883. Mr. Ellis, in 1866, moved to Hunt- ington County, Indiana, and purchased 116 acres of land in Wayne Township, from which he raised one crop. He then exchanged the farm for a drug store in Mt. Etna, and after con- tinuing that business with encouraging success for about two years, purchased his present beautiful farm of 240 acres in Sec- tion 22, Lancaster Township, upon which he has since resided. Mr. Ellis, is a progressive, wide awake man and his place is one of the most highly improved in the township. He w£j,s prominently identified with the Grange, during the existence of that order, LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 707 and in matters political is, and always has been, an earnest and uncompromising supporter of the principles of the Democratic party. OZIAH C. ELLIS, a native of Randolph County, Ind., was born on the 25th of August, 1841, the second son of Jonathan and Elizabeth (Clark) Ellis, natives of Ohio, who came to Randolph County, Ind., in about the year 1835, and resided there until the fall of 1847, when they removed to Polk Township, this county, where they now reside. Our subject received a common school education, was reared on a farm, remaining with his parents until he was twenty years old, after which he was employed as a farm hand until his marriage, which occurred December 1, 1867, he taking as a life-partner Miss Susan E. Richardson, a native of Henry County, Ind., born November 35, 1849. She is a daughter of George and Amanda (Bailey) Richardson, natives of Kentucky. To this marriage two children were born, viz.: Lizzetta S., born September 19, 1869j Clara E., born September 16, 1883. The sub- ject is the owner of forty acres of land on Section 33, Lancaster Township, and forty acres on Section 16, Polk Township. There are seventy-two acres under good cultivation, and improved in a comfortable and substantial manner. Mr. Ellis enlisted in the Thirty-Fourth Regiment, IndianaVolunteer Infantry, Company G, in September, 1861, and served for about eleven months, being dis- charged on account of physical disability. He then enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry in July, 1863, when his service continued until March 4, 1864. His time for which he had enlisted expired, and he then was enrolled as a member of the One Hundred and Fifty-Third Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, February, 1865, and re- mained in the service until the close of the war. Mr. Ellis is a member of the German Baptist Church, and is a minister of that organization. Politically, our subject is at present a Prohibition- ist, but formerly was a member of the Republican party. JOHN EVANS, deceased, was a native of Warren County, Ohio, born in the year 1811. He was raised to agricultural pur- suits, became a very successful farmer, and in 1860 moved to Huntington County, Ind., settling in Jefferson Township where he accumulated a very large property. He was one of the largest fanners and stock raisers in the county, and also one of its most successful business men, owning at the time of his death over 900 acres of valuable land, the result of his persevering industry. He was three times married, the issue of his first union being two children, viz.: Mrs. John J. Ruggles, of Jefferson Township, and Mrs. Samuel CruU, of Stark County. His second wife was Ann M. Sherman, a native of Ohio, whom he married in the year 1851. She died October, 1864, leaving one son, Samuel Evans, whose birth occurred April 6, 1854. In 1862, Mr. Evans married Martha A. Robinson, of Wayne County, Ind., who died in 1874. '708 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Mr. Evans preceded his wife to the grave departing this life in the year 1871. SAMUEL M. EVANS, son of John and Ann M. (Sherman) Evans, was born in Wayne County, Ind., April 6, 1854. His early education was obtained in the common schools, and he later at- tended a normal school at Dresden, Ohio, where he made substan- tial progress in the higher branches of learning. After his mother's death, which occurred when he was but seven years of age, he went to live in the family of an aunt at Dresden, and at the age of twenty, began his business life buying and selling stock, which occupied his attention for about four or five years. He then began farming and stock raising, and subsequently in 1881, went to Texas and engaged in raising sheep, purchasing a large area of land in that State for grazing purposes. He re- mained in Texas two years, disposing of his stock at that time and returning to Indiana. He then went to Frankfort, Colorado, where for some months he was interested in the livery business, but did not remain in the west any great length of time, dis- posing of his property there and again returning to Huntington County, where he has since resided. He is now engaged in the brokerage business, loaning money, dealing in stocks, etc., and is one of the successful men of Lancaster Township. He was mar- ried March 17, 1876, to Miss Emma V. Planck, who has borne him four children, whose names are as follows: RexL., OttJ., Bess and Cubb, all living. Mr. Evans is a member of Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 304, 1. O. O. F., and in politics is identified with the Democratic party. HARVEY FISHER, one of the pioneers of Lancaster Town- ship, is a native of Wayne County, Ind., and son of Daniel and Damarus (Starbuck) Fisher. The parents were both born in Guilford County, N. C, but early moved to Indiana, locating in Wayne County when that part of the State was a comparatively wild country. Harvey Fisher was born January 6, 1828, passed the years of his youth and early manhood upon his father's farm, and in the common schools obtained the elements of a practical education. At the age of nineteen he began life for himself and two years later, 1848, came to Huntington County, and located a farm on the northwest quarter of Section 2, Lancaster Township. He subsequently purchased a tract of land in Section 18, same township, and is now the owner of a good home, the result of his own efforts and persevering labor. Mr. Fisher is one of the old- est residents of Lancaster now living, and has seen the township develop from an almost unbroken wilderness into one of the most fertile and enlightened communities in Northern Indiana. His first marriage was celebrated January 30, 1846, with Mary Brown, of Wayne County, who bore him the following children, viz.: Mahlon B., October 13, 1848; Amanda A., born November 3, 1850; Emma J., born March 4, 1856; Elizabeth E., born March 12, LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 709 1860, and Charlotte A., born December 30, 1863. Mrs. Fisher died on the 13th of August, 1864, aged a httle over thirty-eight years. Mr. Fisher was again married October 3, 1865, to Lucy A. Coll, who was the mother of one child, Willie Fisher, born August 3, 1866, died February 17, 1869. In the fall of 1868, Mr. Fisher was again bereaved, his wife dying that year. His third marriage was solemnized in the fall of 1870, with Miss Susan E. Snider, a union blessed with the birth of one child, Clara E., born Janu- ary 16, 1880. Mr. Fisher is a public spirited citizen, alive to all the interests of the community, and since the organization of the Republican party, has been one of its most earnest supporters. SAMUEL H. FRIEDLEY, Trustee of Lancaster Township, was born in Huntingdon (now Blair) County, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1841, the eldest son of David R. and Christina (Hoover Friedley. Parents natives of the same State. When six year of age, our subject, in company with his mother and grandfathe came to Indiana, and settled in Wayne County, from whence, two years later, they moved to Henry County, where Samuel lived un- til 1863. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, and in the com- mon schools received the rudiments of a good English education. He entered the army in 1863, enlisting in Compamy A, Fifty- Fourth Indiana Infantry, with which he shared the fortunes and vicissitudes of war until his discharge on the 35th of December, 1863. On leaving the army he came to Huntington County, where his family had preceded him, and settled in Section 13, Lancaster Township, where he purchased a farm, and where he has ever since resided. He owns at this time a farm of 160 acres of well improved land and is justly entitled to mention among the pro- gressive and well to do citizens of Lancaster. He was elected to the oflBce of Township Trustee, in the fall of 1885, running as the regular Republican candidate, and receiving the handsome ma- jority of ninety-two votes. September 10, 1867, he married Char- lotte Brumbaugh who departed this life April 6, 1873, at the age of twenty-two years. She was the mother of three children, whose names and dates of births are as follows, towit:, Frances C, born February 6, 1869; Christina R., born March 11, 1871, and Henry M., born November 11, 1873. THOMAS F. HACKER, native of Preble County, Ohio, and third son of Jonathan and Catherine (Herrin) Hacker, was born on^'the 11th day of July, 1833. The father, as early as 1841, moved to Huntington County, Ind., and settled on a farm in Section 11, Lancaster Township, where his death occurred four years later. This sad event left the mother and her six children in rather straitened circumstances, in consequence of which a large share of the responsibility of supporting the family early fell to the lot of our subject. Thomas F. Hacker attended the public schools as occasions would admit, and renaained on the home farm until attaining his majority, when he began learning 710 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the plasterer's trade, which he followed until 1863. In that year he entered the army, enlisting in Company F, Seventy-Fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for only a short time, owing to physical disabilities. For the following three years he was almost entirely disabled, and on account of being incapacitated from engaging in any physical labor, took up the study of medicine under the instruction of Ur. Smith of Lan- caster. This he discontinued in 1870, and embarked in the mer- cantile business which he carried on at the above town for about five years. At the end of that time he purchased sixty acres of land in Section 14, Lancaster Township, upon which he lived until the spring of 1886, carrying on the manufacture of drain tile in connection with farming. In 1886, he purchased a half interest in the drug and grocery store of Dr. Thomas Crandel at Kelso, with whom he is still connected. Mr. Hacker was married December 27, 1858, to Miss Mary J. Shutt, who has borne him the following children, viz.: David F., John P., and Orange V. L. Mrs. Hacker died May 26, 1872, aged thirty-one years. December 15, of the same year, Mr. Hacker was again married to Melvina J. Updyke. Mr. Hacker is a local minister of the Methodist Church, and an ardent worker in the cause of temperance, being a sup- porter of the Prohibition party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Majenica Lodge, No. 565. SAMUEL HARE, the subject of this sketch, was a native of Baltimore County, Md., and eldest son of J ohn and Catharine (Hochfacker) Hare. He was born May 25, 1817, and in 1847, was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Moore, a union blessed with three children, to wit: Jacob, born May 14, 1848; Sarah, born November 9, 1849, and John, born in 1851. His wife dy- ing some time the latter year. His second marriage was solem- nized on the 3d of January, 1854, with Mrs. Phebe Wisman {nee Miller), who was born in Wayne County, Ind., March 20, 1828. The following are the names of the children born to this mar- riage, viz.: Julia A,, born September 21, 1854; William H., born • May 8, 1856; George H., born July 11, 1858; David D., born Oc- tober 6, 1860; Benjamin F., born October 6, 1862; Noah W., born January 11, 1866. Mrs. Hare's first marriage was celebrated, December 10, 1846, with George Wisman, by whom she was the mother of two children, Nancy A., and Hannah Wisman, the former born November 20, 1847, and the latter, October 4, 1849. Mr. Wisman departed this life on the 6th day of 'August, 1849. Mr. Hare moved to Huntington County, Ind., in 1854, and settled in Jefferson Township, where he resided for a period of about twelve years. At the end of that time he purchased a farm in Section 29, Lancaster Township, which he improved and upon which he lived until his death, January 20, 1875. He was one of the representative citizens of Lancaster Township, and a man widely and favorably known for his many sterling quali- ties. Mrs. Hare is a member of the Christian Church, of which LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 711 she has been a regular attendant and a faithful worker for a number of years. DAVID HEASTON, a prominent farmer of Lancaster Town- ship, is a native of Wayne County, Ind., was born February 10, 1838. He is the second son of nine children born- to Jacob and Kather- ine (Goodlander) Heaston, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively, who came to Wayne County, this State, about the year 1815, and then, in 184t?, moved to Huntington County, where they were deceased. Our subject received a common school ed- ucation; was reared on a farm, remaining with his parents until he was of age; then rented his father's place for two years, after which he commenced to clear a home from the dense forests on Section 3, Lancaster Township. He was married to Miss Eliza- beth Harter on the 19th of January, 1849. She is a native of Henry County, born June 13, 1837. They have seven children: Mahala, born September 39, 1849; Joseph, born April 15, 1851; Catherine H., born April 11, 1853; Jacob G., born July 18, 1858; Levi H., born March 38, 1863; Phebe J., born October 11, 1865; Sarah E., born October 30, 1869. Mr. Heaston owns 136 acres of land in Lan- caster Township, 130 in Sections 3 and 6 and in Section 3, ninety- five of which are cleared and in a high state of cultivation and substantially improved. He and family are members of the German Baptist Church, and politically is a Republican, and usu- ally manifests a live interest in political matters. He now has a pleasant home, reared a large family, all of whom are living, and command the respect of the entire community in which they reside. JOSIAH S. HELTON", farmer and carpenter, is a native of North Carolina, and dates his birth from the 15th day of October, 1834. He is the second son of Alexander and Mary (Jewels) Helton, who emigrated from North Carolina about the year 1834, and settled in Wayne County, Ind. Josiah S. Helton grew to manhood amid the active scenes of farm life, and at the age of twenty abandoned agricultural pursuits and took up the carpen- ter's trade, at which he served a four years' apprenticeship. He then began working at the same and has since continued the vocation with good success, carrying it on at this time in con- nection with his farming interests. On the 15th of June, 1847, in Preble County, Ohio, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Davis, and a shore time thereafter moved to Randolph County, Ind., and from thence in 1851, to Huntington County, where he has since resided, owning at this time a good farm of eighty acres in Section 17, Lancaster Township. Mr. and Mrs. Helton are active members of the German Baptist Church, and are highly esteemed by a large circle of friends and acquaintan- ces. They have a family of children whose names and dates of birth are as follows: John W., born May 1, 1818; Dison D., born February 14, 1850, Hiram C, born September 30, 1853; Elizabeth, 713 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. born March 13, 1855; Fannie A., born September 33, 1858; Leander T., born October 23, 1860; Henry S., born March 19, 1865, died February 6, 1885. Ada E. Helton, a brother's daughter, is a member of the family also, her birth occurring January 1, 1873. JOHN H. HILDEBRAND was born in Huntington County, Ind., March 15, 1848. He was educated in the common schools and in his father's mercantile house at Mt. Etna received a prac- tical business training which has enabled him to successfully discharge the duties of subsequent life. He was married Sep- tember 10, 1878, to Miss Nancy A. Mills, a native of Tipton County, Ind., daughter of John and Mary Mills. To this union have been born two children, to-wit: Dattie, born August 8, 1880, and Gracie, born July 9, 1883. Mr. Hildebrand and brother, George W. Hildebrand, are at this time partners in a general mercantile house at the village of Kelso, and are meeting with encouraging success in their business venture. They are both men of tact and energy, and by strict attention to business have already acquired a fair proportion of the current trade. Mr. Hildebrand in 1879, was appointed Postmaster at Majenica (Kelso) and held the office until January 19, 1886. He is a Republican in politics, and since 1869 has been prominently identified with the Odd Fellows' fraternity. He and wife are active members of the Christian (New Light) Church. GEORGE W. HILDEBRAND, junior member of the mer- cantile firn of Hildebrand & Bro., is a son of Henry and Ehza- beth Hildebrand, and dates his birth from the J 3th day of November, ] 850. His early education was that usually obtained from attendance at the public schools, but by becoming familiar with the details of the mercantile business in his father's store he soon obtained a practical education which has enabled him to successfully discharge the duties of an active business life. He was united in marriage, July 1, 1883, to Miss Clara Sprinkle, daughter of Christian and Levi Sprinkle. Mrs. Hildebrand was born November 30, 1863, and is the mother of Cwo children, viz.: Mary Winifried, born May 10, 1884, and Henry C, born April 6, 1886, died August 10, 1886. Mr. Hildebrand, in addition to own- ing a half interest with his brother in the general mercantile house at Mt. Etna, owns other property in the village also, and is justly esteemed one of its active business men. He is a mem- ber of Salamonie Lodge, No. 392, 1. O. O. F., Warren, Ind., and in religion worships with the Christian Church. Politically he is a Republican. ISAAC N. HILDEBRAND, merchant, Mt. Etna, is a native of Huntington County, Ind., born in Lancaster Township on the 38th day of April, 1854. His parents Henry and Elizabeth (Rhodes) Hildebrand, were natives of Virginia and Ohio, respec- tively, and among the early settlers in the southern part of Hunt- LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 71^ ington County, moving here as long ago as 1839, and locating at Charleston, a short distance east of Mt. Etna, where the father was for some time engaged in the mercantile business. The immediate subject of this sketch received a limited education in the common schools and at the age of fifteen began life for him- self as a farm laborer, in which capacity he continued for a period of about nine years. In 1880, he was awarded the contract for carrying the mail between Huntington and Mt. Etna, and from that time until 1883, performed the duty in a manner highly satisfactory to all concerned. Possessed with a desire to do something more in the world than to drive a mail hack, and with a determination to succeed, he in the month of April, 1883, with a cash capital of §130, opened a small general store, out of which has since grown, his large and successful mercantile establish- ment. He handles all kinds of goods demanded by the general trade, and by strict attention to business and fair dealing has succeeded in building up one of the best business houses in the southern part of Huntington County. He was appointed Post- master at Mt. Etna by Postmaster- General Gresham, and is the present incumbent of the office. On the 6th day of March, 1883, he was united in marriage to Miss Malinda A. Mitchell, of Hunt- ington County, a union blessed with two children — infant, deceased, and Leland L., born November 28, 1885. Mr. Hilde- brand is a Republican in politics, and in religion, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. JEREMIAH J. JACKSON, dealer in drugs, Mt. Etna, was born in the State of Ohio, November 4, 1839, and is the third son of Edward C. and Margaret (Smith) Jackson, natives respectively of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The parents, in 1850, emigrated to Blackford County, Indiana,, where the father's death occurred in the year 1876, and where the mother is still living. Jeremiah J. Jackson was educated in the common schools, and grew to manhood amid the active scenes of farm life, with the rugged duties of which he early became familiar. In 1865 he went to Illinois, where for some years he found employment as a farm hand, and where, in August, 1861, he entered the army, enlisting at the City of Pe- oria, in the Forty-Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he shared the fortunes and vicissitudes of war in many battles and campaigns, including Island No. 10, Siege of Corinth, Vicks- burg Campaign, Red River Expedition, and others. He was hon- orably discharged October 16, 1864:, having, while in the service, earned a military record of which he feels justly proud. Mr. Jackson has been twice married, the first time on the 20th of June, 1859, to Miss Emily M. Herriott, of New York, by whom he had one child, a daughter. Flora E., born October 16, 1860. His second marriage was solemnized August 27, 1881, with Mrs. Isa- belle (Garwood) Planck, of Huntington County, Ind., a union blessed with the birth of one child, Albert L.' born October 17, 714 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. 1883. Mr. Jackson came to Huntington County in 1880, and for about two years thereafter was engaged in the saw milling and lumbering business, in which he was reasonably successful. He established his present business at Mt. Etna in 1882, and at this time has a fine stock of drugs, and is in the enjoyment of a lucrative and constantly increasing trade. He is identified with the Masonic and Odd Fellows' fraternities, and also holds an im- portant position in the R. S. Thomas Post, No. 341, G, A. R., at Mt. Etna. JACOB KITCH. — The gentleman whose name introduces this skech is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, and third son of Michael and Susanna (Kister) Kitch, the father born in Pennsylvania and the mother in Ohio. Michael and Susan Kitch moved to Huntington County, • Ind., in ;the fall of 1854, and are now residents of Clear Creek Township. Jacob Kitch was born August 5, 1845, grew to manhood on his father's farm, and remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age. On the 7th day of April, 1867 he was united in marriage with Miss Lydia Glass, of Ohio, and within a short time thereafter began learning the trade of a carpenter and builder at which he served an apprenticeship of one year. In connection with the carpentering he was for some time engaged in the milling busi- ness, and subsequently purchased land and began farming which he has carried on since about the year 1876. He owns a beautiful farm of eighty acres in Section 30, Lancaster Town- ship, all of which is well underdrained and highly improved. In connection with his agricultural interests Mr. Kitch has been for some time engaged in the manufacture of cheese, having at this time twenty-five cows, and all the necessary appliances for the successful working of the business. The product of his factory averages about 7,500 pounds per year. Mr. Kitch in 1862, entered the army, enlisting in the Fifty-Fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry with which he served until honorably dis- charged one year later. He is a Democra,t in politics, and in religion an active member of the German Baptist Church. The following are the names of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Kitch: Lillie B., born February 24, 1868; Ida M., born September 8, 1869; Ella R., born March 24, 1873; Fannie A., born April 11, 1875; Anna 0., born February 28, 1878, died April 9, 1878; Matilda J., born December 30, 1881; Ola M. and Ora C. (twins), born Septem- ber 25, 1885. ANDREW KLEPSER, one of the old residents of Lancaster Township, was born in Wertumburg, Germany, July 6, 1806, and is the oldest son of Andrew and Hannah (Mosier) Klepser. When quite young his parents immigrated to the United States, settling, about the year 1817, in Huntingdon County, Pa., and from thence subsequently moved to Bedford County, the same State, where their respective deaths occurred many years ago. Andrew Klep- LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 717 ser was early in life apprenticed to learn the tailor's trade, in which he soon acquired an unusual degree of proficiency and which he carried on quite successfully for a number of years, seventeen of which were spent in Henry County, Ind., to which place he moved in 1833. In 1852 he abandoned his trade and came to Huntington County, Ind., locating in Section 26, Lan- caster Township, where he still resides and where he owns a comfortable home. He was married January 22, 1835, to Sarah SwafEord, a native of North Carolina, and daughter of Jacob and Abigail (Hammer) Swaff ord. She was born July 2, 1816, and is the mother of ten children, to wit: Margaret S., deceased, born October 20, 1835; Catherine E., born December 22, 1837; Jacob S., born February 10, 1810; Abigail S., born October 15, 1842; Han- nah, deceased, born March 25, 1845; Esther L., deceased, born February ■z2, 1842; William H., born January 6, 1851; Mary E., deceased, born August 17, 1853; Nortilious I., deceased, born February 14, 1855; David C, born August 12, 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Klepser are consistent members of the German Baptist Church. DAVID C, KLEPSER, youngest son of Andrew and Sarah Klepser, was born in Huntington County, on the 12th day of August, 1858. He- received a good English education in the com- mon schools, and upon his father's farm early learned those les- sons of industry and thrift without which no man's life can be a success. He remained under the parental roof until his mar- riage which was solemnized on the 17 th day of March ,1883, with Miss Mary Isabelle Eubank, whose birth occurred in Huntington County, Indiana, September 27, 1 865 . Mr. Klepser is now engaged in agricultural pursuits, and with his wife enjoys the honor and esteem of a larg(5 circle of friends and acquaintances. He is a member of Majenica Lodge, No. 563, F. & A. M., and in politics votes the Republican ticket. GEORGE L. KRIEG, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Baden, Germany, October 18, 1833, the third son of Michael and Barbara (Karsh) Krieg. He was reared on a farm, attended the schools of his native country until fourteen years of age, when he began life for himself as a farm laborer, finding em- ployment near his home, where he remained until his twenty- third year. Thinking the new world ofi^ered better inducements to a young man, Mr. Krieg in February, 1854, sailed for the United States, and after a sea voyage of forty-two days landed at the City of New Orleans. From thence he went to St. Louis, reaching the latter city with $2.50 in his pocket, his sole earthly possessions, which after securing employment he loaned to an acquaintance and taking a watch for security. He worked about two months near St. Louis, and at the end of that time severed his connection with his employer and started for Huntington County, Ind., for the purpose of joining some friends who had preceded him to this part of the country. Arriving here he con- 718 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. eluded to make this county his permanent home, and accordingly- sought, and soon obtained employment on the Wabash Railroad, then in process of construction. Later he found employment with Israel dinger and John McLaimy, farmers, working for the former one month and for the latter about six years. Upon reaching Huntington County, Mr. Krieg had a cash capital of $5.00, but by close application and persevering industry he has since succeeded in accumulating a handsome competence, in- cluding a fine tract of 440 acres of land in Lancaster Township, the greater part of which is under a successful state of cultiva- tion. He is a Democrat in politics and a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Majenica Lodge, JSio. 563. He was mar- ried February 11, 1858, to Miss Anna M. Wilhelm, daughter of Michael and Mary Wilhelm, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Krieg was born May 9, 1841, and is the mother of ten children, whose names and births are as follows: Barbara E., born February 8, 1859, died May 8, 1883; Michael L., born September 4, 1863; John Mc, born May 13, 1862; William H., born June 9, 1868; George F., born January 5, 1871; Mary L., born January 38, 1873, died June 13, 1873; Rebecca E., born September 4, 1874; Emma J., born June 17, 1878; Jacob E., born July 39, 1880; Otto H., born October 1, 1883. The following of his children are married, to-wit: Bar- bara E., to William D. Schoeff ; Michael, to Anna M. Schoeff, and John Mc, to Mary E. Batson. Mr. and Mrs. Krieg are both members of the German Reformed Church. ABSALOM R. LARGE, mechanic and prominent citizen of Mt. Etna, is a native of Hunterdon County, N. J., and dates his birth from the 26th day of August, 1833. His parents, Thomas R. and Amanda (Alger) Large, were natives of- New Jersey and New York, respectively, and among the early residents of Wa- bash County, Ind., immigrating to this State in 1846. One year later they settled in Polk Township, Huntington County, where they resided until 1869, at which time they returned to Wabash County. The father died in April, 1868, and the mother in June, 1886. A. R. Large was raised on a farm and spent the years of his youth and early manhood in Huntington County, coming here with his parents when but fourteen years of age. He re- ceived a good English education in the common schools, and, being a great reader and an intelligent observer, he subsequently acquired a vast fund of general and practical knowledge, such as schools fail to impart. He remained with his parents until at- taining his majority, when, in 1854, he took up the carpenter's trade, in which he soon acquired great proficiency, and at which he worked almost continuously until 1874. In the latter year he established his present business at Mt. Etna, that of "cabinet making, and is now in the enjoyment of a very prosperous and constantly increasing trade. At the breaking out of the war he was one of the first to offer his service to his country, enlisting on the 20th of April, 1861, in Company F, Thirteenth Indiana LANCASTER TOWNSHIP, 7lS Volunteer Infantry. He shared with his regiment the viscissi- tudes and fortunes of war for a period of two years and eight months, at the end of which time he was forced to sever his con- nection with the service on account of physical disabilities. On the S-tth day of September, 1868, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Mary Jennings, which marriage has been blessed with two children, viz. : James, born November 2, 1869, and Thomas, born June 21, 1871. Mr. Large is an active worker in the Masonic- fraternity, and at this time holds the office of Secretary of Mt, Etna Lodge, No. 333. He is also identified with the G-. A. R., having held various official positions in R. S. Thomas Post, No. 241, in Mt. Etna. He was originally a Republican in politics, but at this time claims affiliation with no party, being indepen- dent in all that term applies. WILLIAM A. LITTLE, successful farmer and prominent citizen of Lancaster Township, was b )rn in Highland County, Ohio, June 20, 1828, and is the second son of David 0. and Re- becca (Adams) Little. The parents were both natives of Rock- bridge County, Va., but in an early day emigrated to Ohio, where they resided until their removal to Huntington County, Ind., in the year 1838. They settled on the Salamonie River in Jef- ferson Township, where they lived until their deaths which occurred a number of years ago, the father dying about the fall of 1862, and the mother a little later. The subject grew to man- hood amid the stirring scenes of farm life, and since coming to this county has been one of its active and progressive farmers and business men. He received a common school education, and remained at home until attaining his majority, when be began working as a farm laborer, and sometimes taking contracts for clearing heavily timbered tracts of land. By persevering indus- try he finally succeeded in purchasing land of his own, and is now the possessor of about 210 acres in Lancaster Township, the greater part of which is under a good state of cultivation. Mr. Little has always taken an active interest in the public improve- ments of the county, and for a period of seven years served as director of the Lancaster gravel road, of which he was also one of the projectors and principal movers. He is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the Masonic fraternity, holding member- ship in Mystic Lodge, No. 110, at Huntington. He married, March 13, 1853, Miss Elizabeth Boyd, who was born July 12, 18 U, To this union were born the following. children, viz.: Clarrissa J., born May 20, 1854, died March 8, 1881; Mary A., born January 9, 1856, died April 28, 1879; Sylvester, born October 8, 1857, died July 29, 1858; Tobitha, born February 10, 1859; David E., born September 12, 1860; Sarah A., born May 1, 1862; Martha E., born September 9, 1863, died August 21, 1844; Henry, born June 3, 1885; Laurella, born March 17, 1868, and Elizabeth, born January 29, 1872, Mrs, Little departed this life on the 13th of February, 1872. 720 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. THOMAS MAHONEY. — Conspicuous among the successful and self-made men of Huntington County, is the gentleman whose biographical sketch is herewith presented. Thomas Ma- honey, eldest son of James and Mary (Vance) Mahoney, is a native of Washington County, Tenn., and dates his birth from the 39th day of August, 1831. His parents were natives of Virginia, but in an early day emigrated to Tennessee, and from that State in 1831, to Rush County, Ind. Ssubsequently, about 1841 or 1843, they moved to Huntington County, and settled in Wayne Town- ship, where their deaths occurred a number of years later. Thomas Mahoney removed with his parents to Rush County, Ind., and until the age of nineteen remained on the farm, attend- ing such schools as the county afforded in the meantime. Hav- ing early manifested decided tastes for mechanical pursuits, he finally abandoned the farm and tv as apprenticed to learn the cabinet maker's trade at New Salem, Ind., his employer being William Miller, of that place. ' After becoming proficient in his trade, Mr. Mahoney opened a shop in the town of New Salem, an undertaking which proved anything but a fortunate venture. His earnings did hot equal his necessary expenses, in consequence of which he soon became financially embarrassed. His creditors finally levied upon his property, excepting only a few household articles, even the tools upon which he depended for his support were under the ban of the law, and although it was -his privilege to exempt from execution properfy to the amount of $135, he positively refused to do so, believing it would be acting in bad faith toward his creditors. His refusal to avail himself of legal means of escape at once established his reputation as an honest and conscientious man, and inspired his creditors with a new confidence. By preserving labor he finally succeeded in over- coming his difficulties, and discharging all his obligations. On the 30th of October, 1843, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Marj'^ J. McClanahan, who was born in Kentucky, July 10, 1831. In 1843, Mr. Mahoney came to Huntington County and settled at the Town of Mt. Etna, where for a number of years he carried on the cabinet maker's trade. He struggled hard against the many difficulties which beset his way, and by diligent application and rigid economy, accumulated in time a comfortable competence. In 1855, he disposed of his property in Mt. Etna, and purchased forty acres of land a short distance from the village, upon which he still resides . By subsequent purchases he enlarged the boun- daries of his home until he is now the owner of 145 acres of valu- able land in Lancaster Township, and thirteen acres in the vicinity of Mt. Etna, upon which is situated his large three-story frame flouring-mill, and the steam saw mill operated at this time by his sons. Mr. Mahoney purchased his milling interests re- cently, and in addition to farming is now largely engaged in the lumber business. For many years Mr. Mahoney has been actively identified with the cause of religion and temperance. He united with the Methodist Church when but sixteen years of age, and LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 731 one year later signed the Washingtonian temperance pledge. He is one who has always been honored and respected by his neighborSj and has done much developing the resources of the country. Starting in life with no capital, but a determination to succeed, he has steadily won his way to prosperity; but this point has been obtained by the most unremitting toil and good man- agement, and is by no means the result of favorable circum- stances. His marriage has been blessed with nine children, whose names are as follows: Mary A., born December 4, 1843, died May 23, 1878; Almira S., born March 1, 1846; died May 10, 1865; Martha J., born October, 1848, died January 12, 1849, Orange L., born February 7, 1850; Thomas E., born November 9, 1853; George A., born May 10, 1855; Anna J., born January 5, 1859, died November 12, 1874; William M., born August 31, 1860; Elmer I., born July 5, 1864. LEWIS C. MARKS, mechanic in Mt. Etna, is a native- of Grant County, Ind., and fifth child of Thomas J., and Harriet (Chambers) Marks, the father born in Kentucky and the mother in Ohio. He was born October 31, 1848, attended the com- mon schools at intervals until his nineteenth year, at which time he engaged to learn the wagon maker's trade under Samuel Wood, at that time a resident of Mt. Etna, but now a citizen of Marion. After becoming proficient in his trade, Mr. Marks began business for himself, purchasing in 1869, the shop and appliances of his employer, which he has since operated with encouraging success. He has taken an active interest in all movements hav- ing for their object the public good, and has held several official positions in Mt. Etna, including those of Town Clerk and Mar- shal. He is an earnest worker in the cause of temperance and believes that the only way to deal effectually with the rum power is to vote it out of existence, hence he is a firm believer in the principle of prohibition. His marriage on the 25th of Sep- tember, 1876, to Miss Mary J . Young, has been blessed with four children, to wit: James, born August 36, 1877; Lola, born Jan- uary 27, 1880; Lansford, born March 25, 1883, and an infant, de- ceased, not named . S. P. MITCHELL, M. D. — Dr. Mitchell is a native of Hunt- ington County, Ind., born in Lancaster Township, on the 18th day of June, 1847. He is the eldest son of Eobert and Mary (Harri- man) Mitchell, of Preble County, Ohio, who immigrated to Indiana in 1844, and from that date until 1866, resided in Hunt- ington County. In the latter year they removed to St. Claire County, Mo., and two years later returned to Huntington, where the father's death occurred July 18, 1878. The mother is still liv- ing, making her home at this time in the City of Huntington. S. P. Mitchell was raised in his native county and received the advantages of a practical education in the country schools which 723 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. he attended at intervals until nearly his twentieth year, frequently walking a distance of six miles to and from the old log building known as the Ream School House in Lancaster Township. In 1871-73 he attended the Howard College, Kokemo, Indiana, and in 1873 began the study of medicine with Dr. A. H. Shaffer, of Huntington. He entered the medical department of the Michigan University at Ann Arbor in 1873. Attended one term, and later became a student of the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, from which institution he graduated in the spring of 1874. Having thus thoroughly familiarized himself with the theory of his profession, he began the active practice of the same at the town of Mt. Etna, where he has since continued in the en- joyment of a very prosperous and lucrative business. The doctor is a wide-awake, energetic man, an enthusiastic student, and as a successful practitioner, few medical men in the county stand higher in the estimation of the people than he. He is a member of Lodge No. 333, F. & A. M.; has held the office of Treas- urer of Mt. Etna, and at this time Secretary of the Board of School Trustees of the town. In politics he was formerly a Re- publican, but is now an ardent supporter of the principles of the Prohibition party. On the 28th of October, 1875, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Jennie M. Van Antwerp, a union blessed with the birth of two children, viz.: infant gon, deceased, and Merrill V., born April 13, 1885. Dr. and Mrs. Mitchell are both active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, belonging to the Mt. Etna congregation. MILLER MORGAN, farmer and business man, son of John and Barbara (Miller) Morgan, natives respectively of Tennessee and Ohio, was born in Union County, Ind., December 24, 1835. He was educated in the country schools and until his twenty- second year remained with his parents, becoming familiar with the details of the farmer's occupation in the meantime. Decem- ber 7, 1848, he married Miss Mary Hay ward, a union blessed with the birth of six children, whose names are as follows: Cornelius, born August 6, 1853, died August 15, 1854; Joseph B., born Nov- ember 11, 1856; John V., born June 3, 1863; Anna, born January 28, 1866, and two that died in infancy, unnamed. Mr. Morgan a number of years ago, engaged in farming in Lancaster Township, and at this time owns a fine place of 120 acres, eighty of which are in cultivation and well inaproved. September, 1886, in part- nership with a son, John V. Morgan, Mr. Morgan purchased a stock of general merchandise at the village of Kelso, which they now carry on. They handle all kinds of goods demanded by the general trade, and do their proportion of business. Mr. Morgan was formerly a Democrat, but now advocates the prin- ciples of the Prohibition party. He has rendered material assist- ance in the general improvement of the county, and takes a live interest in all movements having for their object the wel- fare of the public. LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 733 JOHN V. MORGAN, son of Miller and Mary Morgan, was born in Huntington County, Ind., June 3, 1863. His early edu- cation was received in the common schools, supplemented by a course at the Central Normal Institute, Ladoga, Ind., and a commercial course at the Columbus, Ohio, Business College. Mr. Morgan was raised on a farm, but in the fall of 1886, in part- nership with his father, engaged in the dry goods business, at Eelso, of which place he is also Postmaster, having been ap- pointed to that office by Postmaster-General Vilas, in January of the above year. On the 30th day of November, 1886, was solem- nized his marriage with Miss Nellie Lewis, daughter of Wallace and Clementine Lewis. Mrs. Morgan was born in the State of Iowa, on the 36th day of November, 1870. Mr. Morgan is a Demo- crat in politics, and one of the representative young men of Huntington County. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Majenica Lodge, No. 563, of which he is at this time Secretary. THOMAS A. RODGERS, manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes, Mt. Etna, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, March 31, 1840, the fourth son of John and Mary (Marks) Rodgers, natives of West Virginia. John Rodgers in 1847, moved to Grant Councy, Ind., and subsequently about the year 1854 or '55 the family moved to Huntington County. Thomas Rodgers was reared on a farm, and at the early age of fourteen left the paternal roof, for the purpose of making his own way in the world, and from that time until his twentieth year, worked as a farm laborer. He then took up the shoe-maker's trade, and after acquiring a skillful knowledge of the same, under Ezra Coun of Warren, began business for himself, which he has since continued at the town of Mt. Etna. In addi- tion to running ten hands and doing all kinds of maufacturing and repairing, Mr. Rodgers deals quite extensively in Eastern work, and is now in the enjoyment of a very prosperous and constantly increasing business. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity, and a Democrat in politics, but has never been an aspirant for official position. He was united in mar- riage with Miss Phoebe J. Mitchell, of Preble County, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Rodgers have been born eight children, only three of whom are now living, viz. : Lillian Mitchell and Charley. ABRAHAM B. SHIDELER. — The gentleman whose name introduces this biography, is a native of Wayne County, Ind., born October 13, 1843, to Jonas and Fannie (Berg) Shideler, na- tives respectively of Ohio and Pennsylvania. He grew to man- hood in LancasterTownship, Huntington Co., his parents moving here when he was quite young, and in the common schools re- ceived an education, which though not of a high scholastic order, has enabled him to successfully discharge the duties of a very active business life. At an early age he commenced with John 724 HISTOEY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. W. Burns to learn the blacksmith's trade, and has since continued the same with gratifying^ success, being at this time the proprie- tor of a shop at the village of New Lancaster, where he is doing a very prosperous business. Upon the breaking out of the war, when but little more than seventeen years of age, with the spirit that actuated the movements of young men and old throughout the entire North, he volunteered in the service of his country, to do battle for the maintenance of her rights. He responded to the first call for troops, enlisting in the Thirty- Fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until honorably dis- charged, his period of service amounting to four and a half years. Mr. Shideler was married Jane 17, 1866, to Miss Esther Burris, of Preble County, Ohio, a union blessed with the birth of four children, two of whom, Minnie B. and Tennis E., are living, the former born August 31, 1868, and the latter on the 27th day of February, 1879. Mr. Shideler is a staunch Republican in pol- itics, and, in November, 1 886, was elected by his party a member of the Board of County Commissioners. He and wife are active members of the Methodist Church, belonging to the New Lan- caster congregation. ELIJAH SMITH, successful farmer of Lancaster Township, was born in Harrison County, W. Va., November 5, 1823, son of Jacob and Anna (Warmsley) Smith. Parents natives of the same State. He was raised on a farm, remained with his pa- rents until attaining his majority, at which time (1844), he be- gan life for himself 'as a common laborer, and continued as such for a period of about five years. On the 12th day of January, 1850, was solemnized, his marriage with Miss Elizabeth Star- buck of Clinton County, Ohio, and the same year moved to Hun- tington County, Ind., and settled on his present farm of 120 acres on the northwest quarter of Section 8, Lancaster Town- ship. Mr. Smith has been a verv industrious and wide-awake man, and is justly entitled to a mention among the representative citizens of the county of his adoption. He and wife are consis- tent naembers of the Christian Church, and in politics he is an earnest supporter of the Republican party. The following are the names of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, viz. : John M., Mary L., Anna J., Sarah J. and Latham L., the last two of whom are living. OLIVER N. SNIDER, dealer in general merchandise, Har- lansburgh, is a native of Huntington County, Ind., born in Polk Township on the />th day of December, 1854. He is the eldest son of John and Mary (Fisher) Snider, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio, who were among the early pioneers of Huntington County, moving here when the country was in almost a wilderness state. He enjoyed such educational advan- tages as were afforded by the common schools, but such was his progress in his various studies that he early obtained a teacher's LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 725 license, and followed the profession of teaching for a period of seven years. In addition to teaching he was variously employed, buying and shipping produce, soliciting and collecting for the med- ical firm of G. & H. Bundle, of Pickaway, Ohio, and a part of the time acting as traveling solicitor for the publishing house of Rand, McNally & Co., of Chicago. In 1883, he purchased the mercan- tile establishment of Karst & Hollett, at Harlansburgh, and since that time has beeii doing a very prosperous business. He has a fine stock of merchandise, keeping all articles demanded by the general trade, and by honorable dealing has already succeeded in attracting a large and substantial class of customers. Mr. Snider's marriage with Miss Lida J. Randolph, daughter of Rhodes and Mary J. (Fish) Randolph, was solemnized June 24, 1886. Mrs. Snider was boi'n in Shelby County, Ohio, March 34, 1861, and accompanied her parents to Huntington County in the fall of 1863. Mr. Snider is a Republican in politics, and with his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. LEVI SOURS, a native of Lancaster County, Penn., was born October 1, 1809, the youngest son of nine children born to Henry and Catharine (Harter) Sours, both natives of the same State. Our subject received a limited education, owing to the inefficiencies of the school system of those days, was raised on a farm and remained at home with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, when he was then married to Miss Abi- gail Weston, the event being solemnized on the 33d of Septem- ber, 1830. His wife was born in Northumberland County, Pa., December 15, 1808. She is a daughter of John and Margaret (Shineberger) Weston, natives of Pennsylvania, also. Nine children were born to this marriage, viz.: Alfred H., October 15, 1831; John J., June 12,1834; Rebecca J., August 5, 1836; Simon F., March 23,1839; Isaiah, December 18, 1840; Ruhamina E , April 26, 1842; Phebe C, September 20, 1844; Eliza M., November 13, 1846; Lidia A., October 14, 1849. Two of these are dead, John J., died August 25, 1835; Eliza M., July 4, 1867. About the year 1846, the subject came to this county and located in Jackson Township, and remained about six years, after which he moved to Iowa, and resided about two years, then they returned to this county, buying land in Huntington Township, where they made their home for about twenty years, and then to Huntington they moved. Here they resided for eight years, then being dis- satisfied with town life, they purchased a small tract of land on Section 16, Lancaster Township, where they expect to remain the balance of their days. They have a nice little home on the Lancaster Gravel Road, nicely located, etc. This aged couple are members of the Lutheran Church. Politically, he is a Republi- can. Socially they are held in high esteem by the large circle of friends with whom they are acquainted. When he retired from active life, he divided an estate of about 3,300 among his child- 736 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. ren, who are now doing well for themselves and respective families. JOHN J. SPRINKLE, dealer in general merchandise, New Lancaster, was born in Lancaster Township, Huntington County, March 24, 1860, the eldest son of Absalom and Salome (Heffner) Sprinkle, the father a native of Ashland County, Ohio, and the mother of Huntington County, Ind. He was reared to agricul- tural pursuits, received a good English education, and on attain- ing his majority, engaged in the mercantile business, at Pleasant Plains and New Lancaster, being still located at the latter village, where he has a good stock of general merchandise. He was married June 17, 1883, to Miss Lucinda E., daughter of John and Catharine (Shultz) Boyd, of Huntington County. Mr. Sprinkle is a Republican in politics, and with his wife, belongs to the German Baptist Church. GEORGE B. STECH, one of the enterprising and self-made men of Lancaster Township, was born in Baden, Germany, May 18, 18-^9, and is the eldest son of William and Catherine (Zeigler) Stech, who came to the United States a number of yesics ago and settled in Louisville, Kentucky, where the father soon died. The family subsequently moved to Indiana, where for the first three years George B. was employed in the capacity of farm laborer. By carefully husbanding his earnings during that period, he was enabled to purchase a team, after which he rented land for a period of seven years. At the end of that time, in the fall of 1866, he came to Huntington County and purchased eighty acres of land in Section 36, Lancaster Township, to which he has since added, until now his farm numbers 173 acres, 113 of which are in cultivation. Mr. Stech is in the true sense of the word a self- made man, as he was in a destitute condition when landing in this country, his sole earthly possessions amounting to but 5 cents in cash. Previous to coming to America he was a soldier in the German Army, and as such served for a period of four years. October 3, 1861, he married Sarah A. Updyke^ of Union County, Ind., v/here she was born April 11, 1842. The following are the names of the children, viz.: Isaac M., born February 21, 1864, died February 2, 1887; Fr. derick W., born June 20, 1867, and Benjamin F., born August 6, 1869. Mr. Stech is a Republican in politics, and with his wife and family belongs to the Lutheran Church. JOB C. STOUT. — The subject of this biography was born in Franklin County, Ind., April 1, 1833, and is descended from one of the oldest families of the State, his parents having been resi- dents of said county as early as the year 1814. Owing to lack of school advantages he grew to manhood with but a limited educa- tion, and when still a young man, served a two years' apprentice- LANCASTER TOWNSHIP. 737 ship at the brick mason's trade, in which he acquired great proficiency, and to which he devoted his entire attention for a number of years. In October, 1865, he moved from Jennings to Huntington County, and purchased in Section 23, Lancaster Township, 160 acres of land, upon which he at once went to work preparing a home for tlie reception of his family. By persevering industry he soon succeeded in bringing the greater part of his land into cultivation, and his farm at this time is one of the most productive and best improved in the township. Mr. Stout has always taken an active interest in the internal improvement of the county, and to him, as much as to any one man, is due the credit of bringing about the construction of the Huntington and Warren turnpike, of which road- he served as superintendent. He is a Republican in politics, but of late years has inclined to the principles of the Prohibition party, believing the latter to be the only hope of redeeming the country from the accursed rum power. Mr. Stout, on the 11th of November, 1855, was united in marriage to Miss Mary Brady, daughter of John P. and Eleanor (Nutt) Brady, of Pennsylvania. She was born January 37, 1838, and is the mother of seven children, viz.: Mary E.. born Novem- ber 36, 1857; Sarah J., born June 17, 1861; William L., born Octo- ber 3, 1864; Martha A., born August 16, 1866; Lucinda E., born February 17, 1869; John F.. born June 7, 1871, died August 1, 1873, and Nettie, born April 13, 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Stout, together with nearly all their children, are members of the Missionary branch of the Baptist Church. JASPER H. TERRELL, a native of Clinton County, Ohio, was born March 26, 18:^6. His parents were Newcomb and Jane (Johnson) Terrell, natives of Maryland and North Carolina, both being deceased in the above county. Our subject received a common school education, was reared on a farm, where he re- mained until he was seventeen years of age, when he com- menced to learn the wagon and carriage maker's trade, with James Trouth, of Lynchburg, Ohio, and afterward served with his brother William, and Joseph E wert. The subject traveled over considerable territory as a journeyman and in about the year 1857, came to Mt. Etna, Huntington County, where he opened a shop for himself, which he conducted until the year 1875, when he disposed of the same to William Harvey. He was married to Miss Catharine Marshall, a native of Ohio, on Nov- ember 7, 1856, and to them seven children were born, Nora, an infant, unnamed (deceased), Clara, an infant un- named (deceased), Minnie, Haassah and Charley. Our subject is a member of Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 333, F. & A. M., and Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 304, L 0. 0. F. He was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace in 1870, and served for four successive terms, being elected on each occasion. He is the owner of 110 acres of land in Lancaster and Jefferson Townships, which is under a fair state of cultivation, and is all cleared land but 728 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, about fifteen acres, and otherwise substantially improved. Politi- cally he is a Republican. STEPHENM. VENARD. — Mr. Venard was born in Wayne County, Indiana, June 3, 1858, and is the eldest son of Philip and Ruth (Willcuts) Venard, natives of Ohio and Indiana, respec- tively. The parents were married in Wayne County, where the mother still resides, the father having departed this life December, 1882. Stephen M. Venard was raised on the farm and in the common schools received the basis of an education which, supplemented by a systematic course of reading and study in later years, has developed into a fund of valuable knowledge making him in the true sense of the terra a well educated man. At the age of eighteen he obtained a teacher's license, and from that time until the present has been more or less permanently identified with the educational matters, being at this time one of the most widely known and successful in- structors in Huntington County. After about four years' close application as a teacher he engaged as solicitor for insurance, a business in which he has been very successful, and which he still carries on in connection with school work, having at this time an office in the town of Mt. Etna. Mr. Venard is a man of broad views, has decided opinions upon all the leading questions of the day, and while not a partisan in the sense of seeking office, takes an active interest in political affairs, being an uncompromising supporter of the Republican party. His mar- riage to Miss Melvina B., daughter of Joel and Elizabeth (Leverton) Chenoweth, of Huntington County, was solemnized on the 15th day of September, 1881. Mrs. Venard was born September 1, 1862, and is the mother of one child, Elgithe Dot Venard, whose birth occurred October 8, 1882. CHAPTER XIII. Polk Township — Area and General Features — Early Set- tlement — Pioneer Life — Religious History — Roads and Other Improvements — Items of Interest — Monument City— Harlansburgh — Biographical Sketches. POLK TOWNSHIP embraces a superficial area of "twenty-four square miles, or 15,360 acres, with the following boundaries, to wit: Wabash County on the west, Dallas Township on the north and the townships of Lancaster and Wayne on the east and south respectively. Until 1846 its territory was included in that of Lancaster Township, but at the March ter n of the Board of County Commissioners of that year' it was organized as a POLK TOWNSHIP. 729 separate jurisdiction and named in honor of President James K. Polk. Salamonie River, the principal water course, enters near the southeast corner, flows a northwesterly direction through Sections 36, 26, 23, 21, reserve Section No. 31, and receives several tributaries, the largest of which, Majenica Creek, waters and drains the eastern part of the township, emptying into the main stream a short distance southeast of Monument City. Crooked Creek, another small tributary, flows a southerly course through Sections 9, 16 and part of 21, while Logan and Eush Creeks afford water and ample drainage for a considerable area of territory in the southwest corner of the township. The country adjacent to the Salamonie is somewhat broken, but by far the greater part of the township is comparatively level and characterized by a soil which, for depth and fertility, is hot surpassed by that of any other part of the county or the State. When first seen by white men the face of the country was covered with a dense growth of the finest timber, much of which was ruthlessly destroyed in pre- paring the ground for cultivation and much sacrificed in later years to the demands of trade. Walnut, poplar, oak, sugar tree, beech, elm, ash, were the leading varieties, with a dense under- growth of spice bush, paw paw, etc., the thickets of which afforded safe retreats for wild animals, both fierce and dangerous. The township is pre-eminently an agricultural region and within its borders are to be seen many of the finest farms in the county, the improved condition of which bespeak the presence of an in- telligent and progressive class of citizens. Near the present site of Monument City, in an early day, was a thriving Indian vill- age, presided over by Chief Tuck-a-min-gwa, who, with those under his immediate supervision, was rioted for his great friend- ship for the white settlers. The Indians remained in the town- ship until about the year 1847, at which time they removed to the far west, although small bands visited the country at inter- vals for several years after that date. Settlement. — " Prior to the year 1836 the deep forests of the township had never been broken by the sound of the pioneer's ax, and the struggle for a home within its limits was first inaug- urated by one Jacob Fisher, who with his family of nine persons, located on the northwest quarter of Section 24, in September of the above year." He moved here from Wilmington, Ohio, and was a resident of the township for a period of about forty-nine years, dying in 1885. Nathan Fisher, brother of Jacob, came about the same time, or perhaps the following year, and has been a resident ever since, residing where he originally settled, in the eastern part of the township, where descendants of both fam- ilies now live. Willis Jeffrey, a native of New Jersey, but an early settler of Randolph County, this State, moved to the township a few months after the date of Fisher's settlement, and located the farm now owned by Mrs. Osborne and occupied by Charles Powell. He took an active part in the development of the country, and died in the township March 3, 1886, at the ad- 730 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. vanced age of seventy-nine years. Leonard Parrott, in 1837, settled in the southwestern part of the township, and, with his father-in-law, Daniel Webb, who came to the same vicinity in an early day, also is remembered as a very honorable and trust- worthy citizen. In company with Mr. Jeffrey came John D. Campbell, who settled on Majenica Creek, in the eastern part of the township, making his first improvements on the farm owned at this time by Matthew Taylor. As early, perhaps, as 1836, one Richard Cummings settled near the Campbell place, and, after residing there some years, purchased and improved land near Mt. Etna, in the southeast corner of the township. He was a man of local prominence, and at one time served as Sheriff of Huntington County. Another settler of 1837 was Aaron R Sayres, who located a farm in Section 26, which he sold one year later and moved to Wabash County. The purchaser of this place was Henry Fulhart, who moved to his new home in the fall of 1838. He subsequently disposed of his interests in Polk and be- came a resident of Lancaster Township. Oliver Jones joined the settlement in 1837, and made the first improvements on the Hiram Satterthwaite farm in the western part of the township. He is remembered as a skillful hunter, and was in every sense of the word an admirable representative of the daring class of pioneers who sought homes in the unbroken wilderness of North- ern Indiana nearly half a century ago. The year 1838 was marked by the arrival of a number of set- tlers and their families, conspicuous among whom were Green- burg Martin and Daniel James, the former locating where John Alpaugh' lives, in the western part of the township, and the latter moving to a tract of land which he had previously entered, in Section 26, near the Salamonie River. Martin, like his neighbor, Mr. James, was skilled in the use of the rifle, and varied the routine of farm work with frequent hunting excursions in thet surrounding forests. He died a number of years ago, leaving descendants, one of whom, a son, William Martin, is still an hon- ored resident of the township. Daniel James was a native of North Carolina, and an early settler of Randolph County, from which, in 1834, he removed to Grant County. The same year he made a tour of Huntington, and being pleased with the country, entered land as above described, to which he moved his family in March, 1838. " He was a man of acknowledged ability, took an active interest in public affairs, and in an early day filled the of- fice of Associate Judge of this county, having previously been elected to a similar position in Grant County. His death occurred on the 14:th day of July, 1866, at the age of eighty-six years. He had a family of five children, four of whom, John, Martin, Helen and Willis, are still residents of the county. During the years 1839 and 1840, the following settlers, additional to those enumer- ated, secured homes in the township, to-wit: Jacob Branson, west of Mt. Etna, on the Salamonie River; Thomas Webb, in the southern part of the township, where he still lives; John Wat- POLK TOWNSHIP. 731 son, where his widow resides; Samuel H. Jennings, in southwest corner of township; Early Kinsey and Allen Dowell, in same lo- cality; Martin McFarland, near the southern boundary. Others, who came early in the forties, were: Isaac Heffner, John Wag- oner, Joseph Wagoner, George Blose, Hamilton Giltner, Matthew Taylor, John D. Fisher. George Fisher, Elias Fisher, Samuel Fisher, Robert Thomas, James Pdrrott, George Smith, Henry An- drews, Alfred Long, Thomas R Large, John Stroup, Alexander Brannon, William Watson, Charles Watson, Benjamin B. Hart, David Ridgeway, Hon. L. P. Milligan, Henry Hildebrand, Sr., Henry Hildebrand, Jr., Jacob Leedy, Jonah Leedy, Joel Satter- thwaite and others. Like all other parts of Huntington County the township when first seen by white men presented but few attractions to the home seeker. On every hand were dense forests to clear away, which required years of unremitting toil and hardships of which we can form but a faint conception. The conventional rough pole cabin with puncheon floor, stick chimney, clapboard roof and uncouth fire-place was the castle in which the sturdy housewife reigned supreme, and in which she imparted those lessons of in- dustry, economy and sound practical sense which make her chil- dren the substantial fathers and mothers of to-day. Early and late, year after year, the sturdy pioneers were compelled to wield the ax in order to fell the gigantic forest growth, and fit the ground for cultivation, but hard as was this kind of life, it had its seasons of enjoyment, its log rollings, house raisings, and social gatherings where, untrammelled by the usages of modern society, all would meet on a common level and enjoy the occasion as only those whose daily life was passed amid the hard routine of rugged toil know how to appreciate. For a number of years game of all kimis was very plentiful, and with corn bread, constituted the greater part of the pioneers' bill of fare. Deer were frequently seen in large herds, and it re- quired no great amount of skill for the expert huntsman to kill from eight to a dozen of these animals in a single day. Turkeys were also quite numerous, while grouse, squirrels, quails and other small game were hardly deemed worth the ammunition re- quired to kill them. The appearance of an occasional bear was hailed with delight by the sportsmen, and to kill one of these animals was considered a feat requiring more than ordinary skill and powers. The following incident is related of an en- counter which James Parrott had with an infuriated bear near the western boundary of the township in an early day. Mr. Parrott while hunting suddenly ran upon two cubs that were playing near a thicket, and, before taking time to look for the mother bear, that was concealed near by, shot and killed one of the young ones. No sooner was the gun discharged than the old bear rushed from her hiding place, and before the hunter had time to reload his piece or escape, she was close upon him, and 732 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. he was compelled to fight for his life with a large club which he found lying near. The bear rendered furious by the death of her young, made desperate efforts to clasp the hunter in her powerful embrace, and he, being a perfect giant in strength, wielded his club so vigorously as to effectually keep her at a safe distance. The struggle continued for some time with doubtful result, but the hunter following up every advantage, finally suc- ceeded in putting the savage beast hors de combat. He was severely wounded in the struggle, and his clothing literally torn to shreds. Richard C ummings killed a bear near his farm many years ago, and several young ones were captured at different times throughout the country. The most annoying wiM animals in the early settlement of the country were the wolves, which proved very destructive to the settlers' stock. Sheep and pigs were penned almost every night, yet despite all precautions a great deal of stock would fall victims to these much dreaded scourges. To rid the country of them the setttlers finally or- ganized general wolf hunts, in which a large area would be sur- rounded and the animals driven to the centre of the circle of huntsmen and killed. The last hunt of this kind took place about the year 1847, since which time but few, if any wolves have been seen in the township. Religious History. — So far as known, the first religious meet- ing in the township was conducted by Rev. Mr. Moss, of the German Baptist Church, at the barn of Jacob Fulhart, in June, 1840. Ministers of this denomination visited the neighborhood at intervals as long as Mr. Fulhart remained in the township, but no attempt at a permanent organization appears to have been inaugurated. The first society organized was a class of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church which early met for worship at the residence of Nathan Fisher. Among the earliest preachers are remem- bered Revs. Posey, Hull and Bradshaw, all of whom were earnest in their efforts to spread the Gospel throughout the sparsely settled country of Huntington County. As early perhaps as 1847 or 1848, the Christian (Disciples) organized a society at the Hilde- brand School House, which at one time had a large and flourish- ing membership. The early preachers were Elders Ebenezer El- liot, Guilford Thompson and Henley James, and the first elder of the congregation was Daniel James. The society holds its meetings at Monument City and though not so strong as for- nnerly is still in the enjoyment of a fair measure of prosperity Mt. Zion United Brethren Church in the northwest corner of the township was organized in an early day, and in later years a house of worship was erected in Section 4. The society has ac- complished a vast amount of good in the community, and at this time has an active membership. ISTear the United Brethren Church is a Methodist organization which dates its history from quite an early day, and which is still a potent factor for good in the community. The building in which the society meets for worship was erected about the year I860, and stands a distance Q)^ d/iy^^S, ^ POLK TOWNSHIP. 735 from the Wabash County line on Section 16. In an early day the Christian (New Lights) organized a society in the southern Sart of the township, among the first preachers of which were El- ers Samuel Moore and George Abbott. The house of worship, a substantial structure, was erected some time in the sixties, and is still used by the congregation. The churches above mentioned are all in fair condition and have accomplished much moulding the moral and religious character of the township. Improvements. — " The first road through the township was surveyed and located along the Salamonie River, from La Gro, Wabash County to Warren, in this county." " Formerly blazed trees marked the traveled thoroughfares, but no road existed." " After the completion of the Warren & La Gro Road others were surveyed and legally established, affording easy access to the markets of this and neighboring counties." The township is now traversed by a net- work of improved highways, all of which are kept in superior condition. The presence of abundant water power was early taken advantage of for manufacturing purposes, and about the year 1837, a saw mill was built by John D. Campbell, on the bank's of Majenica Creek, in the western part of the township. "To this mill Mr. Campbell subsequently attached a ' corn cracker,' which like others of its kind was an indifferent affair, incapable of grinding sufficient grain to make it a financial success." The Hildebrands, Henry, Sr., and Henry, erected the first flouring mill in the township on the banks of the Salamonie River, near the village of Mt. Etna, about the year 1853. It was a combination mill, manufactured both flour and lumber, and was operated by the original proprietor until its destruction by fire, sometime in the seventies. It was rebuilt by David Myers, and stood until 18S5, at which time it was again burned, the last fire resulting in its comphjte destruction. " The timbered character of the township early offered an inviting field for the lumber business, and numerous saw mills have been in operation from time to time." The first steam saw mill was brought to the country by Messrs. Leedy & King, since which time there have been a number of others, the lumber business having for years been a leading industry. Items of Interest. — On the 11th day of December, 1836, oc- curred the birth of Silas Fisher, son of Nathan Fisher, who was the first white person born within the present limits of the Town- ship. David Fisher, brother of the preceding, was born a few years later, and about the year 1838, Hrs. Hannah Traster, daughter of Willis Jeffrey, was born in the township. The next birth was that of Henley, son of Daniel and Mary James, which occurred in March, 1810. The first marriage, so far as known, was that of Charles Morgan and Elizabeth Fisher, solemnized sometime in the year 1838. A little later occurred the marriage of Simon Fisher and Emmalett Cummings, exact date unknown. "The first death which the little community was called upon to mourn- was that of Susannah Fisher, daughter of Nathan Fisher, 736 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. a very estimable lady." Another early death was that of Wesley Morgan, and the first person buried in the township is said to have been Jacob Barnett, who was laid to rest many years ago in what is known as the Hildebrand grave-yard. Mrs. Michael Minnich and child were buried at the same place in an early day, as were also a number of others whose names have long since been forgotten. The first frame building in the township was a barn erected on the farm of Henry Fulhart, about the year 1840. The build- ing is still standing in a good state of preservation. One of the first frame dwellings was built early in the forties by Henry Hil- debrand, Sr. Among the early mechanics of the township were Allen Dowell and Alexander Branaman, carpenters, and William Watson, cabinet maker. Monument City. — "About the year 1868 or '69, the citizens of Polk, conceived and put in execution a plan to erect a mon- ument to the memory of the soldiers in the late war who were residents of the township, and lost their lives in defense of the Nation's honor." "A neat marble shaft, representing a capital of $500, was accordingly erected in Section 33, inpcribed with the names of twenty-seven brave boys in blue, in honor of whom the enterprise was conceived." In the spring of 1874, Jacob Leedy and John Pilcher laid out the town of Monument City on the Salamonie River, Section 33, and named it for the monument which stands in the immediate vicinity. The first business en- terprise of the place was a saw mill operated by Weeks & Slyter, who in addition to dealing quite extensively iu lumber, also opened a general store. They" subsequently disposed of their mercantile business, but still operate the mill. G. W. Byram sold goods for some time, as did also Noah Hildebrand, the Hallett Bros., Isaac Hildebrand and Jonas Calvert. The mercantile in- terests of the place are represented at this time by James Hallett who carries on a general goods house with a fair degree of suc- cess. The village blacksmith is William Armstrong, while Friend Swartz makes the boots and shoes for the citizens of the village and community. The village is situated in the midst of a rich agricultural region and is a good local trading point. Harlanshurgh, a little hamlet in the eastern part of the town- ship, has at this time a good store kept by Oliver N. Snider, who also represents the Government in the capacity of Postmaster. There are also a blacksmith shop and saw mill, the latter oper- ated by D. B. Shell. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN R. ALPAUGH, a native of New Jersey, was born on the 22d day of February, 1S31, the oldest son of six children born to Isaac and Isabel (Kitchen) Alpaugh, natives of New Jersey. The subject received a limited, education, was reared on the farm until he was fourteen, after which he engaged in the carpenter POLK TOWNSHIP. 737 trade with his father, continuing for about six years. He then fol- lowed wagon and carriage-making for about two years, after which he served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade with Mr, P. F. Bowers, of Easton, Pennsylvania. To this branch of industry he has given his almost undivided attention since that time (with the exception of the time he served in the Army), and has been doing a good business since he embarked in the business for him- self. His marriage to Miss Sarah A. Ingham, a native of Warren- County, N. J., born May 30, 1824, was solemnized on the 37th day of November, 1851. To this union four children were born: Ed' win K., born February 38, 1853; Belle, born February 6, 1856'; Jenny, born April 1, 1860, and Harry, born July 10, 1863. Mr. and Mrs. Alpaugh are the owners of eighty acres of land on Section 27, Polk Township, sixty acres of which are in a highly cultivated state, and improved in a comfortable style. The subject enlisted, August, 1863, in Company E, Thirty-First New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and was made Second Lieutenant on the 10th of the following September. He served in this capacity about eight months and was then compelled to resign on account of physical injuries received. He is at present First Lieutenant of the "Andrews Old Guard," Company D, First Regiment, Indi- ana State Militia. He was "mustered in" to this service on the 31st of June, 1886. In the month of October, 1863, Mr. Alpaugh came to Huntington County, and settled in Mt. Etna, and after a few months' residence in that place came to the farm on which he has since continuously resided. He is a member of Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 33.3, F. & A. M., of Mt. Etna, and also of Andrews Post, No. 116, G. A. R, of Andrews. Politically, he is a Republican. JOHN N, BLOSE, a prominent farmer of Polk Township, was born on the farm where he now resides, October 9, 1817, and is the only son of three children, born to George and Mary (Bwiggins) Blose, natives of Warren County, Ohio, and Wayne County, Ind., respectively. The father of our subject came to Indiana when he was six years o£ age, and in the year 1846, settled on the farm now owned by the subject. Here he resided and reared his family until February, 1877, when his death occurred. Seven years later his wife was also deceased — Jan- uary, 1884. At his death, the father left an estate of 160 acres of land (undivided), having previously provided each of his three children with a farm of eighty acres each. John N. has since purchased the old home place." He was the recipient of a good common school education, was reared on the farm, and had always made his home with his parents up to the time of their death. Mr. Blose was married March 17, 1880, to Miss Sallie Watson, a native of Huntington County, and daughter of Charles and Rmtha (Scott) Watson, residents of Wayne Town- ship. Mr. and Mrs. Blose are the parents of two children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows: Mary Ina, born August 16, 1881, and Cora Mabel, born July 15, 1885. He is a member of 738 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 304, 1. O. 0. F., of which he is the present Noble G-rand. He and wife are members of church; he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal, and she belongs to the Wesleyan Branche of the Methodist Church. Politically, he is a Republi- can, and always manifests a good live interest in the election affairs, liis farm of 1(30 acres is in Section 35^ Polk Township, and is in good cultivation and substantially improved. HARMAN click, is a native of Saxony, Germany, where he was born October 18, 1818, the second son of seven children born to George and Catharine (Bossold) Click, both natives of the same place as was our subject. He received a good German edu- cation, and was employed in the stone quarries until he em- barked for America, where he arrived at Baltimore, June 26, 1835. He was for about six years shifting about from place to place, being employed in various ways until the year 1841, when he was married to Rhoda "Wilson, in August of that year. By this marriage he had six children whose names are as follows; Susannah, born July 4, 1848, died June, 1873; Christiana, born December 4, 1843, died November 37, 1853; Henry, born January 4, 1846, died in the United States service at New Orleans, in April, 1863; Amanda, born October 34, 1848; Anthony, born March 3, 1860; Mary M., born January 18, 1853, died September 35, 1879. The mother of these children died August 18, 1867. The subject of this sketch was again, on the 19th of October, 1870, united in marriage to Mrs. Ailry Houser-Blaker (Lowry), who was the widow of John Houser (deceased), by whom she was the mother of eight children: Nancy J., Solomon B., Lucy A., George H., Anna, Mary S., John O. , and Charley. After the death of Mr. Houser she was marrijed to Mr. Bainbridge Blaker,and this union resulted in the birth of two children, viz.: Ida and Benjamin F. Mr. Click is the owner of eighty acres of land on Section 15, Polk Township, fifty acres of which is under a fair state of cultivation. He has been a resident of this township since February 1847, coming here in mid-winter with his family, and settled in the dense forest from which he made a home, and has lived on the place ever since. He has had considerable hardships to contend with, having his share of sickness and other disadvantages, which he has finally overcome. Politically, he is a Republican, but usually iu local affairs, chooses the man in preference to the party. ANTHONY CLICK, a native of Huntington County, was born March 3, 1850, the second son of Harmon and Rhoda (Wil- son) Click, whose sketch is printed above. The subject received a common school education, was reared on a farm, and at the age of twenty-four he was married to Miss Ida Blaker, a native of Decatur County, Iowa. This event was solemnized March 28, 1874. Six children were born to this marriage, five of whom are living: Anna E., born March 31, 1875; Amey T., born November POLK TOWNSHIP. 739 28, 1878; Luoy E., born March 3, ISSO; Orlando 0., born February 26, 1883, died May 25, 1883; Ethel J., born March 9, 1884; Clara B., born September 16j 1886. The wife was born November 9, 1858. The subject is politically a Republican. This gentleman is at present manager of his father's farm of eighty acres, on Section 15, Polk Township, which he has farmed since he was fifteen years of age. GEORGE W. GILTNER, a native of Polk Township, Hunt- ington Co., Ind., was born February 14, 1843. He is the eldest son of a family of five children born to Francis and Mary A. (Brown) Giltner, natives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky, respect- ively, who came from Rush County, Ind., in about the year 1840, to this county and located on Section 36, Polk Township, where they resided a few years, and after several movings from place to place, they finally located in Wayne Township, near their old home, where January 1-3, 1864, the father died. The mother is still living. Our subject received an extra common school edu- cation, suflBcient to enable him to teach school, which he followed for about twelve years. He was reared on a farm and remained with his parents until his marriage with Miss Mary A. Mahoney, which was solemnized September 30, 1866, after which he estab- lished a home of his own in Wayne Township. By this mar- riage three children were born, viz.: Oreille T., Martha I. and Francis E. His wife (who was a daughter of Thomas and Mary J. Mahoney;, died May 23, 1878. He was again on the 26th of November, 1880, married to Miss Mary A. Starbuck, a native of Wayne County, born July 23, 1851. One child has blest this union — William H. Our subject owns forty acres of land on Section 25, Polk Township, twenty- five of which is under culti- vation, and fairly improved. He is a member of Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 304, 1. 0. O. P., and is one of the Trustees of this society. He has passed through all the chairs and has represented the local lodge in the session of the Grand Lodge of the State. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In April, 1886, Mr. Q/ltner was elected to the oflBce of Township Trustee, on the Republican ticket, of which party he has been a long and faithful supporter. JOSEPH P. HAM, a native of Rockingham County, Va., and one of the substantial farmers of Polk Township, was born November 23, 1833. He is the eldest son of Samuel and Eliza- beth (Royer) Ham, natives of the same State, who moved to Indiana, in the year 1835, and located in Union County, and afterward came to Huntington County, in 1865, where the father departed life about the year 1867 or 1868. The mother is still a resident of Wayne Township, and has reached the advanced age of seventy-seven years, her birth occurring April 18, 1811, and that of the father November 13, 1808. Our subject came to Huntington County, shortly after his marriage with Miss Celia . 740 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. J. Stetler, which was solemnized January 19, 1860. Her birth occurred January 16, 1837. To this marriage six children were born, viz.: Mary E., born November 11, 1860; Nora A., born April 9, 1863; Alonzo L., born Mav 4, 1865; John E., born April 16, 1866; Flora B., born September 4, 1868, and Daniel 0., born May, 24, 1870. Two of this group are married, as follows: Mary E., united with John W. Zook, on the 29th of March, 1883, and Alonzo L., married Lucinda Allred, September 25, 1884. The wife of Mr. Ham died July 29, 1886. Our subject is the pro- prietor of 100 acres of fine farming land, eighty of which is cleared, situated in Section 25, Polk Township, which is in a high state of cultivation and comfortably improved. The sub- ject has held the office of Constable in Polk Township, for one term. He is a Mason, and in politics is a Republican, and always takes a live interest in political matters. On the morning of April 4, 1884, Mr. Sam was the victim of a serious financial accident, occasioned by the burning of his barn and contents, which included four head of horses, farm machinery, hay, etc., the total loss aggregating about $1,500, which was the work of an incendiary, who is as yet unpunished. This was the cause of considerable inconvenience to him, but he has about overcome the dilemma. JOHN C. HART (deceased), was born September 18, 1831, in Preble County, Ohio, the eldest son of five children, born to Jacob and Mary (Qainn) Hart, natives of Ohio and Georgia, res- pectively, who moved to Huntington County in the year 1850. This gentleman received a common school education. He was reared on a farm, and he, with a younger brother, from the time he was fourteen years, supported their family of father, mother and younger brothers and sisters, until their deaths. At the age of twenty-three he was married to Miss Sarah E. Jen- nings, on the 25th of April, 1854. One child was born to this marriage, but was deceased at birth, and unnamed. The wife died one day later, March 12, 1856. The subject was again mar- ried to Miss Adaline Thomas, the event being solemijized, Octo- ber 1, 1863. The result of this union was the following issue: Thomas B., born September 22, 1864; Will H., born November 12, 1865; John J., born October 31, 1867; M. Josie and H. Anna, (twins), born October 30, 1869; S. Elizabeth, born February 36, 1874; Clara M., born October 10, 1876. The birth of the mother occurred February 19, 1844, in Randolph County. She is a daughter of Robert and Harriet E., (Hollings- worth) Thomas, natives of Randolph County, Ind., and Ohio, respectively. The father and husband^ death occurred February 24, 1878. At his death he left the family 427 acres of land on Reserve 31, and Section 21, Polk Township, all of which was unincumbered, one-half of which is under high cultivation and substantially improved. Mr. Hart was a member of the Grange, and politically a Republican. Mr. Hart was considered POLK TOWNSHIP. 741 one of the leading men in the county, so far as enterprises that tended to the advancement of the good of the people, and com- munity in general. In short, he was a kind husband, loving father and agreeable neighbor; who commanded the entire re- spect of his large circle of acquaintances. Mrs. Hart was mar- ried March 30, 188], to Mr. J.S.Jennings. She is a member of the Disciple Church. "WILL H, HAET, a native of Huntington County, and second son of the above John C. and Adaline (Thomas) Hart, was born November 13, 1865. He was reared on a farm and at first re- ceived a common school education, which was. afterward im- proved upon by his attendance at the National Normal University, of Lebanon, Ohio, for two successive years — 1884 and 1885. Since completing this course of study, his attention has been given to teaching school during the winter season, and in summer he has been employed with his brothers, Thomas B. and John J., on the large farm that was left the family by the death of the father mentioned above, from which labor the family has been sup- ported. As was his father. Will H. is an ardent Republican, and always " does his best " for the success of that political organi- zation. JOHN J. HART, the third son of the above mentioned John 0. and Adaline Hart, was born in Polk Township, Hunting- ton Co., October 31, 1867. His early training was acquired on the farm, where he has assisted his elder brothers in the man- agement and tillage of the same. His education was acquired at the common schools of Monument City, and the Cen- tral Normal School, of Danville, Ind., having attended the latter institution during the summers of 1884 and 1885. During the past two years he has been engaged in teaching school in the vicinity of his residence, and gave general satisfaction as an in- structor of the younger minds. In matters political, he is a " chip of the old block," and although as yet has never been permitted to vote, his sympathies are with the Republican party, of which he is an ardent supporter. MARTIN McFARLAND, a native of Frederick County, Ind., bjm March 14, 1819, the eldest son of five children born to Will- iam and Elizabeth (Keller) McParland, both natives of Virginia, who emigrated to Miami County in the year 1836. One year later our subject came to Huntington County, where he remained about a year, and was employed in clearing up the then dense wood lands. He received a limited education; was reared on a farm. December 31, 1843, he and Miss Henriette Jennings were united in marriage, when they located on the farm on which they now reside, he having previously prepared a home. His wife is a native of Warren County, Ohio, where she was born 742 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. April 17, 1834. She is the eldest daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Springer) Jenning^s, natives of New Jersey, and North Carolina. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. McFarland, eight children were born, four boys and four girls: Edward H., born September 20, 1844, died in the Army December 23, L861; Charles W. A., born July 9, 1848; Clementine E., born May 5, 1850, died November 28, 1870; Newton H., born April 14, 1853; Victoria A., born December 17,1856; Elmer E., born May 23, 1861; May L., born April 27, 1864; Arthur M., born July 8, 1866. Our subject enlisted, October, 1863, in Company E, of the Forty-Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was in the service about three years, most of which time he served as an Orderly Sargeant. He ov^ns 165 acres in Section 34, Polk Township, 140 of which is in a fair state of cul- tivation, and is substantially improved. He owns over 3,000 acres of land in Texas, which at this writing is rapidly increas- ing in value. He was, during the existence of the Orange So- ciety, a member of that order, and is now a member of R. S. Thomas Post, No. 314, Gr. A. R., of Mt. Etna. Previous to the war our subject was a Republican, but has since been voting with the Democrats, and for a number of years has been a member of the County Central Committee, always manifesting a live interest in the affairs of the county. He is one of the men to whom is due great credit for the up-building and progress of Huntington County, and will long be remembered as one of its most enterprising pioneers. WILLIS JAMES, a native of Grant County, was born Feb- ruary 7, 1838, the fourth son of ten children born to Daniel and Mary (Clark) James, mentioned elsewhere. Our subject was brought to this county by his parents when he was but three weeks old, and has been a continuous resident of the county ever since, with the exception of, perhaps, a year or so, when he was engaged in traveling. He was the recipient of a common school education, was reared as a farmer, and at the age of nine^ teen commenced life for himself by renting the "home farm." When the war broke out he was attending college at Roanoke, but his patriotism grew so strong that he could do nothing but volunteer his services to his country, and accordingly he enlisted in the Thirty-Fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Company G, on the 31st of September, 1861, and served as a private for three years, being discharged therefrom on the 34th of September, 1864, His marriage to Mary A. Turner was solemnized on the. 19th of November, 1871! She is a native of Randolph County, Ind., born September 17, 1844. One child was born to this union, viz.: Florence, born November 4, 1873. His wife died February 11, 1873. Mr. James owns forty acres of land on Section 16, Polk Township, also one-sixth interest in 145 acres on Section 26 of the same township, which is undivided. He is an Odd Fellow, and also a member of R. S. Thomas Post, No. 241, G. A. R., of Mt. Etna. He is a member of the Christian (Disciple) Church. Po- POLK TOWNSHIP. 743 litically our subject is a Republican, and always manifests a live interest in political affairs. HEYMAN KLINGEL, a native of Stark County, Ohio, was bom April 20, 1822, the youngest son of George and Jane (All- man) Klingel, natives of Pennsysvania and Virginia, respect- ively. Our subject received a common school education, was reared on a farm and remained at his parents' home until he was twentv-two years age, after which he engaged in the manufac- ture of grain cradles for a period of about twenty years, inter- spersed with house painting. He was married to Miss Almira Gary on the 19th of November, 1844. She was a native of the same county, born August 36, 1824. To this marriage four child- ren were born, viz. : Banf ord P., born August 1, 1845, died July 6, 1846; Lydia J., born March 6, 1847; Silverius, born May 12, 1850, died June 18, 1854; Ermina, born April 5, 1855. He was divorced from his first wife, and was again married to Miss Lydia T. Smith, a daughter of David and Rachel (Walker) Smith, who was born November 1, 1846, in Onondaga County, N. Y. This event was solemnized October 13, 1868. Three children have blessed this union, viz.: David D., born December 39, 1870; Eliza E., born May 26, 1876; William W., born January 31. 1879. The subject owns eighty acres of land on Section 11, Polk Town- ship, one-half of which is under a fair state of cultivation and substantially improved. He enlisted in the Seventy-Fifth Regi- ment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Company H, August 6, 1863, and served as a Corporal until April 33, 1863, being discharged at Quincy, Ills., on account of physical disability incurred during service. He is a member of Andrew's Post, No. 116, G. A. R., of Andrews. Politically, Mr. Klingel is a Republican. He has served as Road Supervisor and Justice of the Peace. He has been a resident of this county since the year 1857 or 1858. He has in the meantime lived in Wisconsin and Arkansas, and Peru, Miami County, in all about four and one-half years, although he has considered Huntington County his home ever since he first located here. JACOB LAHR was born on the 21st day of July, 1836. His father's name was also Jacob, and the mother's Anna Maria. The subject is the eldest of seven children born to the above patents. He attended school from the time he was six years old; until he reached the age of fourteen continuously, under the in- struction of George Sholl, and received a good German educa- tion. His place of nativity was Stetten (near Donner's Berg), County of Kirchheim Bolanden, Rheinish, Bavaria. He was con- firmed on the 34th of March, 1850, by August Risch, in the Pro- testant Church. On the 13th of June, 1851, he embarked, in company with Peter May and family, for the United States, where they arrived at Huntington, August 15th. After his ar- rival, he was employed by his several uncles and other relatives 744 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. in Clear Creek Township, clearing and farming, for about one year. After this the subject's parents came to the county, when he joined them, and remained at home for the following five years. August 17, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Cath- arine Sperb, a native of Esselborn (near Alzey), Hessen Darm- stadt, who was born February 34, 1836. To this marriage nine children were born, viz.: George W., born September 23,1858; Jacob F., born July 31, 1860, now in Kansas; Franklin M., born December 31, 1863, died August 27, 1864; Mary E., born October 3, 1866; Susannah, born August 16, 1868; Emma, born, March 37, 1871; Eli, born August 11,1873; Barbara, born July 39,1875; Zachariah, born July 19, 187S. Our subject is owner of 312 acres of land in Polk and Dallas Townships, 150 in the former, and the remainder in the latter township, Section 35, Dallas, and Sections 3 and 11 in Polk. This is under a good state of cultivation, and improved in a comfortable and substantial manner. Politically, Mr. Lahr, since before the election of Abraham Lincoln, has been identified with the Republican party. With the exception of about $1,000, given the subject and wife by their parents, they have, by dint of economy and energetic push, acquired their now extensive possessions, have reared a large family, and com- mand the respect of the entire community in which they reside. The subject has never attended schools where the English lan- guage has been taught, but by his own study and application has acquired a fair, practical knowledge of the same, which enables him to transact all his affairs in a creditable and business-like manner. HIRAM W. SATTERTHWAITE, a native of Warren County, Ohio, was born -April 34, 1830, the second son of six children born to Joel and Phebe (Watson) Satterthwaite, natives of New Jer- sey and Ohio, respectively, who emigrated to Huntington County, Polk Township, in 1840, where they continuously resided until their respective deaths, which were, the father's in 1816, and the mother's in 1886. Our subject was the recipient of a common school education, was reared on a farm, and remained at his pa- rents' home and superintended the workings of the farm until his twenty -sixth year, when he was married to Miss Margaret Weller, daughter of Peter and Maria Weller. Eleven children were born, whose names and dates of birth are as follows: Mary A., born November 31, 1856, died September 10, 1861; Laura J., born October 37, 1858; Benjamin L., born January 13, 1861; Peter W., born April 15, 1863; Phebe M., born April 11, 1865; Fannie B., born September 2, 1867; Hiram U., born Novem- ber 23, 1868; Joel W., born April 7, 1870; Frank O., born June 6, 1871; an infant, unnamed; MoUie M., born August 9, 1873; Her- bert S., born January 4, 1877. During the existence of the Grange Society he was a member of that order. He at present is the owner of about 700 acres of fine farming land, most of which is under a fair state of cultivation, and improved in a comfort- POLK TOWNSHIP. 745 able and substantial manner. His wife's birth occurred in Mont- gomery County, Ohio, on the 18th day of August, 1837. Mr. and Mrs. Satterthwaite have reared a large and happy family, and are now living in the happiness that is due them, they having begun life in limited circumstances, but by dint of economy, per- severance and energetic push, they have attained a position of high standing in the community ' in which they reside. In mat- ters political our subject is a Republican, and was the candidate of his party in 1882 for the office of County Commissioner, but was defeated by a limited majority. JAMES S. STEVENS, a native of Rush County, Ind., was born August 33, 1824, the eldest son of eight children born to Isaac and Elizabeth (Smith) Stevens, natives of North and South Carolina, respectively, who were residents of Indiana before the year 1800. Their deaths occurred in Rush County. Our subject re- ceived a very limited education, was reared on a farm, where he remained until after he was twenty-one years old, when he was married to Miss Olive A. Churchill, a native of Rush County, Ohio. This event was solemnized on the 1st day of August, 1844. To this marriage eight children were born, viz.: John M., deceased; William M., Isaac N., Mary M., deceased; Amanda M., deceased; Sarah E., Samuel L., and Elijah L., deceased. His wife died Februaj-y 1, 1863. Mr. Stevens was again, on the 29th of September, 1864, married to Mrs. Elizabeth B. (Bailey) Large. She is a native of Maine, and a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Smith) Bailey, natives respectively of Scotland and Massachu- setts. Her birth occurred December 16, 1832. By Mr. Stevens she became the mother of three children, viz. ; Albert, Marcus E. and Maggie M., only one — Marcus E. — of whom is living. A daughter, that had been given the family to raise, by the name of Orphe, is also deceased. Mr. S. is the owner of 140 acres of land, eighty acres situated on Section 16, Polk Township, and sixty acres on Section 31, about two-thirds of which is cleared land, and which is under a fair state of cultivation, and comfort- ably improved. He and wife are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Politically he is a Republican, to which faith he has been a life long adherent. Mr. S. emigrated to Wabash County, in 1846, where he lived about five years, and then came to Huntington County, where he has since continuously resided. He and family are held in high esteem by the residents of the community in which they reside. His present wife was formerly married to Mr. Samuel Large (deceased), August 35, 1853. Two children were born to this marriage, viz.: Imla, deceased, and John. Her husband died March 13, 1858. DR. SAMUEL C. WAY, whose portrait appears elsewhere, is a native of Highland County (near Hillsborough), Ohio, was bom March 1, 1831. the fourth child born to Robert and Abigail ( Williams),Way, natives of Bedford County, Penn., and North Car- 746 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. * olina, respectively. Our subject received a common school (literary) education, which enabled him to teach school for some time, after which he attended medical lectures at Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College in the winter of 1853-54, receiving a di- ploma therefrom. After completing his course in the college, the doctor engaged in the practice of medicine, but not being suited with his chosen profession, soon abandoned it, and in the 3 ear 1862 he volunteered his services for the preservation of the Union, enlisting in the Seventy-Ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, Company F, and was in the service until the war closed. During the time of his engagement he never missed a day of service on account of sickness. He was with Sherman on his celebrated " march to the sea," and participated in every battle fought during that famous raid. After the war, he studied the science of dentistry at Waynesville, Ohio, for about a year, and then commenced the practice of this profession in Warren, Hunt- ington County,, in the month of April, 1869, and in the fall of the same year came to Mt. Etna, where he has since resided. No- vember 6, 1869, he was married to Mrs. Martha A. (McClannahan) Heffner, a native of Bracken County, Ky., born May 18, 1831. Mr. and Mrs. Way are the owners of 120 acres of land, eighty of which are located on Section 36, Polk Township, and forty on Section 30, Lancaster Township. This farm has eighty acres under good cultivation, and substantially improved. Mr. and Mrs. Way are both members of church, the former being en- rolled on the Church of Friends (Quakers), and the latter is a member of the Christian (Disciple) Church. The subject was a soldier with Lane's command in Lawrence, Kansas, during the great struggle of that State for her rights, accounts of which have been more extensively rejsorded. Mrs. Way has been a resident of Indiana since her ninth year, having come with her parents and settled in Fayette County, and then in Rush County, and when sixteen years of age came to Huntington County, where she has since been a resident. She was married to Mr. Isaac Heffner, January 34, 1845, with whom she lived until his death, which occurred on the 19th of March, 1869. Politically, Mr. Way was, during the existence of the Whig party, a member of that organization, but since the advent of the Republican, he has cast his ballot in accordance with its principles. PETER WELLER, a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, was born February 3, 1841. He is the seventh son of twelve children born to Peter S. and Maria (Snyder) Weller, natives of New Jersey, who emigrated to Huntington County in the fall of 1853, and located on Section 33, Polk Township, where they lived until their deaths. The father died in April, 1883, and the mother in 1874. Our subject received a common school education, was reared on a farm and remained at home until alter his twenty- first birthday. On the 33d of July, 1863, he enlisted in the Sev- enty-Fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Company A, and with ROCK GREEK TOWNSHIP. 747 the exception of about the last year, when he was promoted to a Corporalship, he served as a private soldier until June 8, 1865, when he was dischargeJ. He took part in the battle of Chick- amaugua and Mission Uidge, besides many lively and interest- ing skirmishes. One year after his return from the war, on June 28, 1866, he was united in marriage to Miss Abigail B. Wat- son, born October 28, 1842. To this union eight children were born, viz.: Laura B., John W., James F., Harry W., Sarah C, Martha A., Thomas M. and Leroy B. He is a member of R. S. Thomas Post, No. 241, G. A. R., of Mt. Etna, and is the present Junior Vice Commander. He is the owner of 145 acres of land situated on Sections 35 and 3.3, mostly under a good state of cul- tivation and comfortably improved. He has been Road Super- visor of his district. Politically he is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Lincoln, while in the army, and since that time has manifested a live interest in the welfare of his chosen party and' its general success. CHAPTER XIV. Rock Creek Township — Situation and Boundary — Settle- ment BY THE Whites — Early Events — Markle — Indus- tries — Churches — Pluai Tree — Rock Creek Center — Biographical Sketches. ROCK CREEK is Congressional Township 27 north, range 10 east, and dates its history as a separate jurisdiction from the year 1842. It is situated in the eastern part of the county, with the following boundaries: Union Township on the north. Wells County on the east, Salamonie Township on the south, Lancaster Township on the west, and derived its name from Rock Creek which traverses the eastern portion, flowing into the Wabash River about one and a half miles southwest of Markle. The Wabash waters and drains the northeast corner of the town- ship, while the central and western portions are drained by Loon Creek, which heads in Section 28, and flowing a northwesterly course, crosses the western boundary on Section 7. The surface of the township is gently undulating, and when first seen by pio- neers was covered by a dense forest growth of the finest timber which attested the superiority of the soil for agricultural pur- poses. These forests generally fell before the settler's ax, and the township now presents as rich and as highly developed farming region as is to be found in any part of Northern Indiana. Settlement by the Whites.-- The first white man to attempt a permanent settlement in the wilderness of Rock Creek appears 748 HISTOEY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. to have been one Albert Draper, who located a home in Richard- ville Reserve, near the present site of Markle, as early as the year 1833. He was one of the first Justices of the Peace in the township and is remembered as a man who passed through life in a truly philosophical manner, taking everything as it came with but little questioning as to the why and wherefore of the same. He succeeded in accumulating a good property but sub- sequently disposed of the same and emigrated to Illinois. In 1834 Moses Sparks, a native of North Carolina, moved to the town- ship and settled a short distance southwest of Markle, where he located and improved a small farm. His father came to the new country the same time but settled just over the line in Wells County, in the early improvement of which he bore an active part. Isaac Sparks, brother of Moses, early became a resident of Rock Creek and is still residing in the township. The year 1838 was marked by the arrival of several substantial settlers, promin- ent among whom was John Sheets, who located near the Wells County line, where he lived until a comparatively recent date. He is now a resident of the City of Huntington. A Mr. Adams came the above year, also, and made a home about one and a half miles southwest of Markle. His son-in-law, John School- craft, lived in the house for some time but subsequently moved to Huntington. Mr. Adams moved from the township a number of years ago. Jacob Souers, in 1837, visited the township for the purpose of selecting a location and being pleased with the appear- ance of the country, located a place in Section 33, to which he moved his family two years later. Mr. Souers moved here from Wayne County, and was an honored resident of the township until 1886, at which time he moved to Huntington, where he now resides. Reason Souers, brother of Jacob, came the same year and settled in Section 32. In 1839 Israel First settled in the western part of the township, moving from Wayne Counly and entering a valuable body of land. Jacob Shively settled in the northern part of the township quite early but soon afterward moved to Wells County where he still resides. George Poff was an early settler in the eastern part of the township moving about the year 1840. He was a brother-in-law of Mr. Sheets and a man of many sterling qualities. Gideon Landis, as early as 1840, or 1841, settled in the northern part of the township and a Mr. Poulson settled where John Smith now lives, not far from Rock Creek Center, about the same time. ' Other early settlers were Samuel Wolf, in northern part, near the Wabash River; John Smith, on the Poulson farm; Nathan and Solomon Smith, in Section 33; John Becker, Section 34; Ab- raham Beck, in different parts of the township; A. Miner and father, in Section 33; Caleb Ayers, in southeast corner; Samuel Mills, in same locality; Benjamin Sheets, near where John Sheets settled; Burdine Bonham, in Section 35, where he still lives; Joseph G. Rineas, near central part; Edward Roberts, in northeast corner of the township; Sydney Crandle, same part; ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 74& Hiram Sale, in northern part; Daniel Cupp, northeast part; Dr. Joseph Scott, en present site of Markle, in which village he still resides; John J. Scotton, on Rock Creek, one and a Half miles southwest of Markle; James Cline, northern part; John Detroe, a short distance north of Rock Creek Center, in Section 15; James Johnston, north of the Wabash, near Markle; Moses Alspach, about one mile south of the Wabash; Jonas Kelsey, in northeastern part of the township; Aaron Rittenhouse, as early as 1838, in Section 31; John Brubaker, Samuel Brubaker, Samuel De Hearn, Peter L. Bonewitz, Mr. Sho'res and others. As already stated, the township was organized September, 1842, and the following year an election, for the purpose of choos- ing the necessary officials, was held, resulting as follows: John Sheets, Jacob Souers and N. Poulson, Trustees; Albert Draper, Justice of the Peace, and William Clarke, Township Clerk. Dr. Joseph Scott and Mr. Huff were among the early Trustees, and the first person who held the office after the law providing for a single trustee went into effect, was Samuel Mills. The first mill in the township was built in Rock Creek by Robert Draper, by order of the government, for the use of the Miami Indians. It was erected as early as 1834, stood in the north- east corner of the township, and manufactured lumber and meal for several years, having been patronized quite extensively by the settlers in the vicinity. John J. Scotton built a saw mill on Rock Creek, northeast part of the township, in an early day, which was first operated by water, and later by steam power. A large flouring mill was subsequently erected near the same place, which is still standing. There have been a number of steam saw mills in operation at different times throughout the township, be- sides several tile factories and lime kilns, all of which have proved fairly remunerative to the proprietors. The first birth in the township is said to have been that of Riley Draper, son of Albert and Rachel Draper, which occurred as long ago as the year 1836. One of the earliest deaths was that of Mrs. Adams, who departed this life in 1838. Mrs. Eliza First, wife of Israel First, died the same year, and a little later William Paulson was summoned away by death. Catherine Long, daughter of Israel and Eliza First, was born August, 1839, being one of the earliest births in the Township. Among the first frame houses in the township were those erected by Jacob and Reason Souers, and the first orchard was set out by the latter soon after he came to the County. George Souers built the first brick house, and v/as also one of the first mechanics in the township, having early worked at his trade of wagon making. Among the early settlers of Rock Creek, were some who never faltered in the discharge of their religious duties although no organizations were effected, or houses of worship erected for several years after the appearance of the first pioneers. Itiner- ant ministers of the Methodist Church visited the eastern part of 750 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the Township in an early day and preached to the sparse settlers in private dwellings and school houses. They were pious, patient, laborious men who collected the people into regular congregations and did for them all that their circumstances would allow. Their progress was at first slow but their zeal and perseverance at length overcame every obstacle. It was no disparagement that their first churches were groves and their first pulpits a kind of rude platform constructed of rough slabs and clapboards. Preaching then was somewhat different from what it is now, beihg generally of the noisy order. Society too was of a different cast and the preacher in order to rivet atten- tion and be effective had to correspond with the times, for unless a speaker can gain the attention of his audience and hold it, his efforts will be unavailing. The singing partook of the same character, and when services were conducted out-doors in the grove, the preaching and singing might easily be heard for a mile. Though the religious exercises partook to a great extent of this noisy character and the preachers were probably less polished in their phraseology then at this time, the people were as sincere in their professions of Christianity as they are now. In proportion to their number there were doubtless fewer hypocrites and fully as much piety as at the present day. The pioneer preachers were not all of the above type, but some of them possessed talent and learning, used good language and were graceful and dignified in their preaching. These early min- isters contributed largely in their day to the morals of the com- munity, and were mainly instrumental in laying the foundations for the various religious denominations in the township at the present day. They were as a rule, God fearing men, and were not ashamed to be seen traveling on foot or on horseback many miles to their appointments, often encountering hunger and thirst and exposing themselves to the inclemency of the weather. The Baptist denomination was early represented in the township by Eev. Robert Tisdale, who preached in the Souers' School House, where an organization was effected many years ago. There is at this time a Baptist Church south of the river which has an active membership. The Methodists organized a small class in the northeast corner of the township in an early day, out of which subsequently grew the Methodist Church of Markle. Elder George Abbott, of the Christian Church, preached in the timbers in an early day, as did also George Hubbard, but no or- ganization of that order seems to have been formed until a num- ber of years later. The Methodists have several congregations at this time, and near Brown's Corners is a Presbyterian Church, which dates its history from an early day. The churches of the township are all well attended, and have substantial houses of worship, facts which speak well for the moral worth of the citi- zens. Markle. — The town of Markle is beautifully situated on the Wabash River, in the northeast corner of the Township, and EOCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 753 dates its history proper from April, 1853. A number of years prior to that time, however, a Mr. Tracy, the original owner of the land, built a small store building and subsequently laid out a few lots, upon which he conferred his own name. This pro- ject did not prove successful, and the land was afterward pur- chased by Oliver A. Morse of New York, who in the year above named, had the village regularly surveyed and recorded. The orig- inal plat of the town embraces 135 lots, traversed by nine streets, four of which, Wabash, Sparks, Wilt and Cherry run east and west, and the other four, Clark, Miller, Draper and Sayler, north and south. Among the first residents of the place was Dr. Joseph Scott, who moved to the locality several years before the survey of the town and engaged in the practice of the medical profession, which he still continues. Robert Allen was an early resident and probably the first mechanic of the village. Among the earliest business men was a man by the name of Haswell, who erected the large frame building now occupied by D. R. Buffiagton and Obadiah Casper, who built a residence and store building near the public square. Other merchants from time to time were the following: Amos Curry, Smith & Lesh, Jacob Roush, Edward Roush, Jonas Kelsey, Allen Ridding, James Johnson, Martin Miller, H. C. Dilley, Brown & Lesh, Shively & Sparks, Mygrants & Smith, T. J. Smith, William Smith, Carnes & Son, Sloan & Brother, D. R. Buffington, H. C. Sparks, Reuben Haf- lich, Samuel Earhart, Latimer & Beal, Sales & Brickley, Ditzler & Davenport, and perhaps others whose names were not given the writer. The early mechanics were: Robert Allen, Samuel Wolf and William Paulson, blacksmiths; John ISTave, wagon maker; J. A. Michaels, shoemaker, and John Zimro, carpenter. Industries. — One of the early industries of Markle, was the large flouring mill, erected some time in the fifties, by William Chapman. It was a three story frame structure, operated by water power, and for a number of years was one of the most suc- cessful mills in the eastern part of Huntington County. It has passed through the hands of different parties, and is now owned by M. King, who is remodeling it throughout and supplying machinery for the manufacture of flour by the roller process. Amos Curry, about the year 1855 or 1856, started a tannery in Markle, which was operated with good success, for several years. The last owner was John Brickley. There have been saw-mills in operation at the village at different times, the largest of which were brought to the place soon after the completion of the C. & A. Railroad. James Redding built a mill in the northeast part of the village, early in the eighties, which he subsequently sold to jJohn Stults, the present proprietor. Mr. Stults, in addition to sawing immense quantities of lumber, operates a large planing mill, and is one of the most successful lumbermen in the county. A saw-mill in the northwest part of the town was built a few years ago, by Aaron Zeigler. It is now operated by S. Hinkle, 26 754 HISTOKY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, whose business is in a very prosperous condition. Messrs. Jus- tice and Patterson, about the year 1884, engaged in the business of bailing hay, which is still carried on, the machinery at this time bt4ng operated by other parties. A feed mill and crusher was erected on the west side of town in the fall of 1886, by Henry Mygrants, who manufactures corn meal and chop feed. It is operated by steam power and has already proved a remunerative investment. The manufacture of lime has been carried on in Markle and vicinity for several years there being several large kilns in successful operation at this time. A fine quality of building stone is found near the town, much of which has been quarried .and shipped to the larger cities of the country. The largest quarry is the one owned by the Brickley family, from which have been taken some of the finest stone ever found in Indiana. The growth of Markle during the first fifteen or twenty years of its history was not very rapid, but its location in the midst of a rich farming country, early earned for the town the reputation of a good local trading point. The completion of the Chicago & Atlantic Railroad, in 1883, gave new life to the place, and since that time additions have been made^ and the population greatly increased. It is still growing, the present population being esti- mated at from 600 to 700, and in a commercial point of view, it ranks among the best country towns of the county. Its pres- ent commercial and industrial interests are represented by the following business men and firms: General stores — William Bender, Henry Rarick, Smuck & Bro., arid John Leeper; cloth- ing store, D. R. Buffington; hardware stores, Neff & Fox, and Mr. Culver; drugs, Joshua Dilley and Charles King; millinery, Henry Mygrants; boots and shoes, William Michaels; restaurant and bakery, John Harvey; restaurant and boarding house, Sowers; livery stables, Eli Maddux and Mr. Ditzler; blacksmiths, Allen & Denman, and Henry Alshouse; wagon maker, William Patterson; furniture and undertaker, Mr. Cupp; hotel, Markle House, John Selvy; photographer, S. Mygrants; barber, Jesse Harvey; saloon, Thomas Jacol; meat market, Duick & Miller. Churches. — Methodist Episcopal Church of Markle was organ- ized in the spring of 1848, at the residence of Jonas Kelsey, Rev. Anson Beach ofiiciating. Among the early members of the class were many of the first settlers of the country, and for a period of two years meetings continued to be held at regular intervals in Mr. Kelsey's dwelling. Worship was subsequently conducted at the residences of James Johnston and Israel Black, and in 1853 the place of meeting was changed to the Markle School House, which served the wants of the congregation until about 1860. In the latter year the newly erected Baptist Church was tendered to the society, which, with the Baptist denomination used it alter- nately until the erection of a new house of worship in 1874. This building is a beautiful frame structure, well finished and fur- nished, and cost the sum of $2,700. A reorganization of the so- EOCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 755 ciety was effected in 1874 by Kev. Chester Church, at which time the membership numbered about sixty. Since that year the fol- lowing pastors have had charge of the church, to wit: Revs. Mr. Ramsey, Mr. McCarter, James Woolpert, George Clark, Mr. Murray, Mr. Whitford and the present incumbent, I. W. Singer. The society, although not so strong in numbers as formerly, is still in prosperous condition, with an active membership of sixty- five. The present officers are: Addison Conklin, Class Leader; Franklin Brickl^y, James Johnston andHugH Fate, Stewarts; Henry Alshouse, James Johnston, Emanuel Werts, Haman Allen and Harrison M. Sale, Trustees. The Sunday School is large and well attended. Baptist Church. — This denomination was early represented in Markle, but there was no regular organization in the village prior to 1860. In that year Albert Draper donated a large proportion of the sum necessary to erect a house of worship, and with the gen- erous assistance of members of different denominations, a large frame building on the south side of the river was completed and ready for use in due time. The Baptist Society was organized in 1861, under the ministry of Rev. Abel Johnson, who formally dedicated the house the preceding year. The society, at the time of organization, consisted of only four members, and numbering no more at a later date, is now practically abandoned, there being no regular pastor, services being held at irregular intervals by such traveling ministers as see fit to visit the place. The build- ing, while erected nominally as a Baptist church, has been used by different denominations, among which the Christians, Disci- ples and Dunkards have regular preaching at the present time. The Lutherans have an organization, numbering twelve or fif- teen members, which meets for worship in the Methodist Church. Lodges.— KarMe Lodge, No. 4 53, A. F. & A. M,, was organ- ized under dispensation, by W. B. Lyons, Special Deputy, in May, 1872. In June, 1873, a charter was granted by the Grand Lodge, and on the 4th of July following, the lodge was organ- ized wittuthe following members: Joseph Scott, Solimon Sparks, H. 0. Sparks, Brazilla Messier, L X. Walker, George Bailey, and Franklin A. Bratton. The first officers were: Dr. Joseph A. Scott, W. M.; George Bailey, S. W.; F. A. Bratton, J. W., and S. Sparks, Tiler. The organization is in good condition, and at this time has an active membership of twenty nine. The officers are as follows: Thornton Brubaker, W. M.; J. B. Cooper, S. W.; T. H. Zehring, J. W.; Emanuel West, Secretary; John Sparks, Treasurer; William Allen, S. D.; George Brubaker, J. D.; Charles Shaffer, Tyler; Joseph Dehaven and C. W. Sparks, Stewards; James Lyons, C. W. Sparks and J. J. Scatton, Trustees. Markle Lodge, No. 363, 1. O. 0. F., was instituted April 14, 1871, with seven charter members. The first officers were: Joseph Scott, N. G.; A. A. Bo wen, V. G.; W. J. Kilander, Secre- tary; Rufus Bowen, Treasurer. The membership at this time numbers about seventeen. The hall in which meetings are held 756 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. was erected in 1881, and the same year a beautiful cemetery was laid out near the village. The elective oflBcers at this time are: Jefferson Dustman, N". G.; William Eaver, V. G.; James A. Miller, Secretary, and M. H. King, Treasurer. Plum Tree, or Yankee Town, is a small village situated in the extreme southern part of the township^ is the site of a very early settlement in Rock Creek and Salamonie, and at this time has a store, postoflBce and two churches, viz. : Methodist and Christian. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural district, and although but a mere hamlet has the reputation of being a fair local trading point. Eock Creek Center, situated in Sections 15 and 32, near the geographical centre of the township, has a couple of general stores, blacksmith shop and postoflSce. The country immediately surrounding is a rich farming region and the village being the chief source of supplies for a large neighborhood, has become a place of considerable local importance. Near the northwest corner of the township in Sections 4, 5 and 9, is a small village known as Brown's Corners, which supports a couple of business houses. Like the hamlets already named, it was the immediate outgrowth of the neighborhood's demands for a trading point, and with no prospects of future growth, will probably remain as it has been in the past, one of the flourishing villages of the township. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LEVI ALLEN. The subject of this biography is a native of Stark County, Ohio, and the son of Eobert and Mary (Miller) Allen, the father born in Pennsylvania and the mother in Ohio. He was born August 20, 1840, and in early youth learned the blacksmith's trade with his father who was a skillful mechanic. When eleven years of age he accompanied his parents to Indiana, and for some time after his father's death contributed to the support of the family, in consequence of which his advan- tages for obtaining an education were somewhat limited. He continued working at his trade until within a few years when he abandoned it for agricultural pursuits in which he is at present engaged. He was married September 37, 1863, to Miss Margaret J. Brown, daughter of Asa Brown, of whom a sketch will be found elsewhere. Mrs. Allen was born in Clinton County, Ohio, July 2, 1841, and is the mother of eight children, namely: Laura N., Thomas B., William E., Mary V., deceased, Musie M., Asa R, Virna L. and Laura H. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are members of the Christian Church. JOHN BALEY, farmer and stock raiser, is a native of Trum- bull (now Mahoning) County, Ohio, born October 16, 1837. His parents, Jacob and Maria B. (Eupright) Baley, were both na- ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 757 tives of Pennsylvania, the father born April 13, 1796, in Berks County, and the mother born July 30, 1793, in Northampton County. The paternal ancestors were of German descent, and among the early residents of Pennsylvania, the grandparents Peter and Susan (Linie) Baley, having been born and raised in that State. The maternal grandparents, George and Barbara (Scwakin) Rupright, were also natives of Pennsylvania and of German lineage. Jacob Baley, subject's father, was by occupa- tion a farmer and weaver. He was married April 14, 1816, to Mariah Rupright, who departed this life in 1852. The following year in Mahoning County, Ohio, he married his second wife, Catharine Emmons. He emigrated to Ohio in 1818, lived there until 1867, at which time he moved to Indiana and settled in Huntington County. John Baley was reared a farmer and in early youth attended the common schools in which he acquired an education in both German and English languages. At the age of eighteen he began to learn the carpenter's trade, and after becoming proficient in the same, followed it for a period of twenty-four consecutive years, meeting with encouraging suc- cess in the meantime. In the spring of 1852, he came to Hunt- ington County, and subsequently returned to Ohio, and resumed his trade, which he continued for some years in connection with the saw-milling business. At the end of about ten years he re- turned to Huntington County, and purchased 200 acres of land in Section 2, Rock Creek Township, which he subsequently ex- changed for a farm near his native home in Ohio, returning to that State and remaining there about one year. At the end of that time he again came to Huntington County and purchased in Rock Creek Township, 194: acres of valuable land in Section 4, near the village of Brown's Corners. He has a fine property and is justly considered one of the substantial citizens of Rock Creek. In connection with his farming interest he has worked at his trade from time to time, erecting many of the best barns and residences in the township, and a large flouring mill on the WaTjash River. He married, August 13, 1848, Hannah Polk, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of John and Mary (FuU- wiler) Polk. She was born June 14, 1828, and died September 4, 1883. She was the mother of one child, Mary E. Mr. B.aley married his present wife, Ella J. Lesh, on the 12th day of June, 1884. Mrs. Baley was born in Crawford County, Penn., December 10, 1860, and is the daughter of David and Lucretia (Jackson) Lesh. .Politically Mr. Baley votes with the Democratic party, and in religion is a Lutheran, having identified himself with that church when but thirteen years of age. JETHRO M. BOYD was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, July 10, 1831, the younger of two children born to James and Lydia (McNutt) Boyd. James Boyd was born in New York, in the year 1757, of English parentage, his ancestors having been 758 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. among the early Quaker settlers of that State. He served with distinction in the War of Independence, and in early life married a lady of his native State, who died many years agOj leaving a family of six children, three sons and three daughters. He married his second wife, Lydia McNutt, on the first day of June, 1827, and shortly afterward emigrated to Ohio, where his death occurred July 11, 1848. He was a man of intelligence, a sincere Christian, and for over forty years a mem- her of the Methodist Church. He had the honor of voting for George Washington for the Presidency, and from that time until his death, took an active interest in political affairs. His wife died July 21, 1872, in Huntington Coiiaty, Ind., aged eighty-one years. The subject of this sketch was reared near New Middle- town, Ohio, where he received a good English education, under the instruction of his father, who was a successful teacher. Shortly after his fourteenth year he began the cabinet business, at the town of Canfield, Ohio, where he continued until his re- moval to Huntington, Ind., in the spring of 1851. He first located in Eock Creek Township, with an uncle, James Tam, and worked at various kinds of employment until 1853, when he married and settled on a piece of fine land near the present site of Plum Tree Village. He subsequently exchanged this for another farm in the same neighborhood, and still later sold out and located at Eock Creek Center, where until 1863, he was engaged in the manufacture and sale of pearl ash. November 23, 1863, he en- tered the army, enlisting in Company D, One Hundred and Thirtieth Eegiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry with which he served until honorably discharged, in 1865. He participated in a number of bloody engagements, the first one being Eesacca, Ga., and on the 28th of January, 1865, was promoted Second Lieuten- ant of his company, a position which he held until the expiration of his term of service. On leaving the army, Mr boyd returned home and engaged in farming where he now^livesin Eock Creek Township. His military record is one of whicli he feels deservedly proud, while his standing as an honorable and upright citizen entitles him to the respect and confidence of all with whom he comes in contact. He cast his first vote for Franklin Pierce, but since that time has been an earnest supporter of the Eepublican party, though never seeking or desiring oflBcial preferment. Mr. Boyd was married February 13, 1853, to Miss Margaret H. Becker, a native of New York, born in Cayuga County, December 8, 1833, the eldest daughter of Peter V.C, and Lydia (Conger) Becker. Mrs. Boyd came to Huntington County with her parents in 1847, and in the summer of 1848, taught one of the first schools (some say the first) in Eock Creek Township. She subsequently taught the first school in District No. 5, receiving for her compensation the princely salary of $1 per week. She also taught while Mr. Boyd was in the army, and earned the reputation of being a very painstaking and successful teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Boyd have two children, to-wit: Lydia A., wife of Charles C. Smith, and Har- ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 759 Tiet A., wife of Jacob E. Davis, the former born November 33 1855, and the latter July 6, 1859. ASA. BROWN", retired farmer, was born in Clinton County, Ohio, January 39, 1818, the son of Asa and Anna (Alexander) Brown, natives of Massachusetts and Kentucky, respectively. He grew to manhood in his native county, enjoyed but limited educational advantages in the indifferent country schools of the period, and was raised amid the rugged scenes of farm life. At the age of twenty-two he began farming for himself on rented land and later purchased a small tract which he disposed of in 1853, and moved to Huntington County, Indiana, settling upon 120 acres of land which he purchased a short time previous. Like the other early settlers in Rock Creek, Mr. Brown encoun- tered his full share of the hardships incident to pioneer life; but being a man of great industry he soon succeeded in bringing a goodly number of acres under successful cultivation. He pur- chased additional tracts at different times, owning at this time about 210 acres, which has been divided among his children, he retaining an interest sufficient for a comfortable support. In early life Mr. Brown was a Democrat, but on moving to this county joined the Republican party, with which he has since been identified. He was prominently connected with the^ Grange movement, and in religion worships with the Christian Church, of whi'^h he has for years been a consistent member. He was married September 30, 1840, to Miss Cinderilla Wilson, who was born in Kentucky, August 39, 1817. She departed this life on the 2d of May, 1870. The following are the names of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Brown, to -wit: Margaret J., wife of Levi Allen; Anna C, wife of George W. Sloam; Sarah E., wife of C W. Bonham; John W., James H., Asa S. and Oliver M. Brown. JOHN W. BROWN was born in Clinton County, Ohio, Sep- tember 30, 1846, and is the eldest son of Asa and Cinderilla (Wil- son) Brown, natives respectively of Ohio and Kentucky. He was raised a farmer, and enjoyed the advantages of a common school education, supplemented by a course in the Markle High ■School, where he made substantial progress in the higher branches of learning. He was brought to Huntington County by his parents when but seven years of age, and until his twenty- third year remained under the parental roof working the home farm for a share of the profits. Oh the 15th of September, he married Miss Anna M. Dill, daughter of John and Mary (Law- son) Dill, of Wayne County, Ind. The spring following his mar- riage Mr. Brown moved to the place where he no w resides in Rock €reek Township, owning at this time a beautiful farm of 160 acres, all of which is well improved. Mrs. Brown was born Jan- uary 7, 1851, and is the mother of the following children: Cora, born November 15, 1871; Lucretius E., born September 13, 1873; Harvey M., born October 4, 1875; Mary C, born July 23, 1878; 760 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, Lewis 0., born August 5, 1881, and William C. C, born December 4, 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the Disciples Church. SAMUEL BRUBAKER, farmer and stock raiser, and second son of Martin and Nancy Brubaker, was born in Perry County, Ohio, on the 5th day of October, 18'i4. Martin Brubaker was the son of Jacob Brubaker, who came to the United States from Ger- many and settled, many years ago, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He subsequently moved to Ohio, and died in Perry County, about the year 1824. Martin Brubaker, in 1819, married Nancy Neal, and about 1834, or 1835, immigrated to Huntington County, Ind., and entered a valuable .tract of land in the vicinity of Brown's Corners, Rock Creek Township. His wife died in February, 1851, and the following September his second marriage was solemnized with Mrs. Caroline (Stevens) McMuUen, who bore him two children. Mr. Brubaker was a man of many excellent qualities, a successful business man and stood in high esteem with all who came in contact with him. He was born on the 17th of May, 1779, and departed this life on the 29th of December, 1863. Samuel Brubaker grew to manhood in his native county and re- mained with his parents until twenty-four years of age, when he began to work for himself in the capacity of a common laborer. In October, 1851. he came to Huntington County and settled on a tract of wild land in Rock Creek Township where he soon erected a cabin and improved a farm which he subsequently ■ (1854) traded for the place where he at present resides. He took an active part in the growth and development of the country and bore his full share of the hardships and obstacles incident to a life in the backwoods. He now has a comfortable farm and is classed among the successful and well-to-do farmers and stock raisers of Huntington County. He is a Democrat in politics and in 1886 served as Assessor of Rock Creek Township. On the 10th day of November, 1850, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Mary A. Boston, who was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, on the 4th of November, 1830. She is the eldest child of William and Rachael Boston, of Virginia, and is the mother of seven children, four of whom are now living, viz.: Martha, wife of William Riley; Emeline, wife of Elliott Hough; Amanda B., wife of John Miller and Edson B. Brubaker. JAMES H. BRUBAKER. — The gentleman whose sketch is herewith presented, was born in Perry County, Ohio, January 20, 1838, and is the son of Martin and Nancy (Neal) Brubaker, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German and Irish descent, respectively. He is the youngest in a family of eight children, was raised amid the active scenes of farm life, and in the pioneer schools obtained the elements of an English education. At the age of eighteen he came to Huntington County, Ind., and after a sojourn of one year, returned to his former home, where he remained un- ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 761 til 1858. In the latter year he came back to Huntington County, but did not remain here long, going to Ohio and living with his father until the latter's death in 1863. He then, for the third time, came to Rock Creek Township, where he has since resided as one of its leading and most highly respected citizens. On the 5th of January, 1865, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah DeHaven, daughter of Samuel DeHaven, one of the pioneer set- tlers of Rock Creek Township. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Brubaker located on his present farm, which at that time was nearly as nature had made it. By commendable industry and economy he succeeded in making a very comfortable home, and at this time is considered one of the successful farmers and stock raisers of the community in which he resides. Mrs. Brubaker was born June 10, 1846, and is the mother of the following chil- dren, to-wit: Matilda, born December 11, 1867; Sarah E., born December 9, 1869; JohnW., born January 30, 1871; Mary C, born October 1, 1873, and Eva May, born December 9, 1878. Mr. Bru- baker is a Democrat in politics, a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and with his wife is highly esteemed by a large circle of friends and neighbors. ANDREW COOLMAN, the subject of this sketch, was born near the town of Warren, Huntington Co., Ind., July 31, 1840, the third in a family of ten children iDorn to William and Mary Ann (McKee) Coolman. William Coolman was a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, and in early life married Sophia Harvey, who died a few years later. He subsequently married Mary A. McKee, and in 1835 moved to Huntington County, Ind., settling east of Warren, having been one of the earliest pioneers in the southern part of the county. Being possessed of lim- ited means, he was obliged to sell his team to pay for his land, and his hardships during the first few years spent in the new country were such as would quickly discourage the bravest hearted of the present day. He made a good farm, however, and lived to see the wilderness of Salamonie developed into one of the most fertile and highly favored regions of Northern Indiana. His death occurred in 1874, at the age of sixty-seven years. His wife preceded him to the grave, dying in 18')9. Andrew Cool- man grew to manhood on a farm and early became familiar with the hard work of clearing and chopping, having, while yet a mere child, frequently assisted his father in the rugged task of remov- ing the forest growth and preparing the rough ground for culti- vation. His early educational training was received in the old back woods school house, where, by close application, he ob- tained the rudiments of an education which, supplemented by subsequent reading, has made him a comparatively well posted man. He remained under the parental roof until the call to arms for the defense of the Union resounded throughout the country, at which time, 1861, he entered the army as a member of Com- pany D, Thirty-Fourth Indiana Infantry, with which he shared 762 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the fortunes and viscissitudes of war in many hard campaigns and bloody battle fields. He reenlisted February, 1861, at New Or- leans, and from that time until February 4, 1866, served with dis- tinction as a brave and trustworthy soldier. During his long period of service, four years and five months, he was always ready for duly, participated in fifteen engagements, and was held a prisoner for six days, having been captured in his last engage- ment, a short time prior to Lee's surrender. On leaving the army he returned home and invested his savings in eighty acres of land, upon which he at once went to work improving a farm. By industry and economy he has been enabled to add to his orig- inal purchase, and at this time owns quite an area of valuable land in Rock Creek Township. He was married February 35, 1875, to Miss Sarah E. Reed. She was born in Preble County, Ohio, December 1, 1845, and departed this life on the 13th day of August, 1883, leaving one child, Charles H., born July 5, 1876. Mr. Coolman married his present wife, Sarah E. Shoemaker, Feb- ruary 28, 188i. She was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, Septem- ber, 1861, and is the mother of one child, William A., born November 30, 1884. JOSEPH J. CREVISTOlSr, farmer and stocK raiser, was born in Grant County, Ind., December 8, 1840, the tenth child of Joseph and Sarah Creviston. Joseph Creviston, Sr., was born in Bed- ford County, Pa., in the year 1797, and in early life emigrated to Knox County, Ohio, where he resided until 1837. In 1832, he was united in marriage with Sarah Kepler, a native of Pennsylvania, born in Bedford County, in 1802, and in 1837 immigrated to Grant County, Ind., being one of the pioneers of that part of the State. He subspquently moved to Huntington County, locating first on the Salamonie River, and later on the farm where his youngest son now lives, where in 1853, he began to clear a farm." He was a man of great energy and endurance, as is attested by the fact that he succeeded in carving a home from the wilderness after he had reached the age of fifty-six years. He served in the war of 1813, and after settling in Grant County, was for some time employed as teacher in the early schools of his neighborhood. His death occurred August 16, 1875, His wife preceded him to the grave, dying on the 11th day of March, 1874. Joseph and Sarah Creviston were the parents of the following children, to wit: Amanda D., Harvey, Melissa, Harriet, deceased, Cather- ine D., Lydia A., Sarah, deceased, William, Mary J., Rachel, deceased, and the subject of this sketch. Joseph J. Creviston was reared to agricultural pursuits, and when eleven years old accompanied his parents to Huntington County, where he has since resided. He received a limited education in such schools as the country afforded, but by intelligent observation, and com- ing into contact with business men in a business capacity, has since acquired a fund of practical knowledge such as books and schools fail to impart. He remained with his parents until his KOCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 763 twentieth year, and then began life for y mself, choosing farming as his vocation. He took charge of his father's farm in 1860, and continued as a renter until 1873, at which time he purchased fifty-two acres, to which he has subsequently added, until he now owns a good farm of 114^ acres, all of which has been accu- mulated by his own unaided industry. In February, 1864, he entered the army, enlisting in the Forty-Seventh Regiment, Indi- ana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until honorably discharged on account of physical disability, May, 1865, partici- pating in several engagements in the meantime. Since his dis- charge from the army, Mr. Creviston has been in poor health, having been a sufferer the greater part of the time spent in the service. He is an active politician, voting the Democratic ticket, and in 1882 was elected Trustee of Rock Creek Township, filling the office two terms. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Patrons of Husbandry, and is in every respect a most exemplary and trustworthy citizen. On the 1st of November, 1860, occurred his marriage with Miss Mary J. Walker, of Onondaga County, N. Y., daughter of David and Sarah (Wright) Walker. To this union have been born the following children: Sarah E., wife of B. F. Lyons; Armina I., wife of Richard R. Thompson, and Joseph D. Creviston. WILLIAM EICHHORN, one of the largest and most suc- «essful farmers and stock raisers of Rock Creek Township, is a native of Crawford County, Ohio, and dates his birth from the 20tli of March, 1841. His parents, Philip and Margaret (Hassler) Eichhorn, were born in Germany, but early emigrated to the United States, and settled with their respective parents near the City of Mansfield, Crawford Co., Ohio. Here Philip Eich- horn began the life of a farmer and although quite poor when first starting into the world upon his own responsibilities suc- ceeded in accumulating a handsome property which he sold in 1863, for $12,350, and moved to Wells County, Ind. He invested his money in a choice tract of land on the Wabash, and one year later, November, 1864, died at his new home aged fifty-seven years. His widow still lives on the home place. William Eich- horn is the second in a family of nine children, and spent his youth and early manhood with his father on the farm, attending in the meantime the country schools where he obtained the ele- ments of an English education. August 26, 1866, he was united in marriage to Miss Adeline, daughter of Martin and Lydia A. {Houtz) Grilbert, by whom he has had three children, two of whom, Wilson C, and Edwin H., are now living. The eldest, Irena A., died in infancy. Mrs. Eichhorn was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, November 15, 1848. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Eichhorn moved to the farm where he is now living in Rock Creek Township. He now has a beautiful place of 160 acres, the same which his father purchased in 1854, for the sum of The farm is well improved and upon it can be seen some 764 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of the finest stock in Huntington County. Mr. Eichhorn has been a Democrat in politics, but of late years inclines to the Prohibition party. He belongs to the Wells County Short Horn Breeders' Association, and as a farmer and stock raiser, has few, if any superiors in the county where he resides. He and wife 1 are members of the German Eef ormed Church. GASPER FELABOM, one of the successful and self-made men of Rock Creek Township, was born in Westmoreland County,. Pennsylvania, March 10, 1833, the fourth son of David and Jane (Richey) Felabom, parents both natives of the same State. David Felabom early emigrated to Ohio, and died in that State late in the forties, at the age of sixty-five years. After his death his wife returned to Pennsylvania, where her death occurred several years later. They were the parents of sixteen children, only six of whom, four brothers and two sisters, grew to man and woman- hood. Gasper Felabom was raised to habits of industry, his father being a poor man, in consequence of which he was early in life obliged to rely in a great measure upon his own resources. He attended school but a few months, and when only ten years of age was hired to a farmer for two years, his compensation be- ing $1.50 per month. He remained with his employer seven years, a part of the time receiving $10 per month, and in August, 1840, emigrated to Wayne County, Ohio, where he began to learn the miller's trade. He abandoned this in a short time, again en- gaged as a farm laborer, and subsequently rented land, until 1856, when he moved to his present farm in Rock Creek Township, having purchased eighty acres the year previous. Upon this land he at once went to work, and although possessing but limited means, succeeded within a few years in making a very comfort- able home. He has always been a hard worker, and is, in every respect, a self-made and thoroughly upright man. He cast his first vote for James K. Polk, and has been an earnest supporter of the Democratic party ever since. On the 22d of August, 1848, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Sarah J. Bonewitz, daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Pranks) Bonewitz, of Pennsyl- vania. Mr. and Mrs. Felabom have had ten children, seven of whom are now living, viz.: Joseph B., James M., Mary J., Adda A., Samuel W., Perry O., and Belle I. The names of de- ceased children are: Sarah M., R. A., and Cora M. JAMES M. FELABOM, second son of Gasper and Sarah (Bone- witz) Felabom, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, on the 28th day of September, 1851. At the age of seven years he came with his parents to this county and grew to manhood on the farm, assist- ing his father in the arduous duties of clearing and developing the same. Owing to his time being required in contributing to the support of the family he received but a limited education, but by coming in contact with his fellow men in different busi- ness capacities has since obtained a valuable practical knowledge, EOCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 765 which has since enabled him to successfully discharge the duties of an active life. He remained with his parents until arriving at the years of manhood, when he began life for himself, and is at this time farming the home place. He is an intelligent and worthy citizen, and a highly respected member of the com- munity in which he resides. He was married September 30, 1885, to Miss Awilda, daughter of Joel C. and Sarah (Kane) Emley, of this county. She was born May 9, 1859. J. HARVEY GEBHART is a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, and the second of a family of ten children, six sons and four daughters, born to John H. and Salomia Gebhart. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, but in an early day re- moved with his parents to Ohio, where, in 18 to, he was united in marriage with Miss Salomia Gebhart. He was by trade a cooper, but in 1854 abandoned that vocation, moving to Huntington County, Ind., that year and engaged in farming in Salamonie Township. He became a prominent farmer in the community in which he resided, and was a resident of Salamonie until his d^ath, which occurred on the 24th day of October, 1886. His wife and seven children survive him. J. Harvey Gebhart was seven years of age when his parents moved to this county, and from that time until the present he has been one of its substan- tial and well-to-do citizens. He was raised on a farm, received a fair English education, and at the age of twenty-two started in life for himself with but a meagre amount of this world's goods, but an abundance of that capital so necessary to success, known as perseverance and determination. He purchased, in 18?2, his present home in Rock Creek Township, to which he has subse- quently added, until he now owns 100 acres of valuable land — the result of his own industry. December 30, 1869, Miss C. E. Coolman, eldest daughter of William Coolman, of Salamonie Township, became his wife, a marriage blessed with the birth of one child, viz.: Moria A., wife of John M. Beerbower, born Sep- tember 10, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Gebhart are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and enjoy the confidence and esteem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. _ HENRY C. GEMMILL, M. D., is one of the leading physi- cians of Hunting con County. He was born in Frederick County, Va., February 24, 1845, a son of Hugh and Julia A. (Vigus) Gem- mill, and is of Scotch descent. The father was born in Maryland in 1799, and died in Logansport, this State, in 1876. His mother was a native of Virginia, born July 29, 1816, and her death occurred January 9, 1887. Hugh Gemmill, the paternal grand- father of the doctor, was a native of Scotland, whence he came to America and settled in Maryland, where he lived at the time of his death. During a considerable portion of his life he was a sea captain. The Gemmill family moved to Cass County, Ind., in 1858. Henry C. Gemmill is the elder of three living children 766 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. born to his parents. He was raised upon a farm, with the rugged duties of which he became familiar in early life. With his par- ents, he left Virginia in 1858. Like nearly all the self-made men, his education was obtained in the public schools of his time. In the spring of 1862, he enlisted in his country's service and, served in Company B, of the Fifty- Fifth Indiana Eegiment. On account of a wound received at Eichmond, Ky., he was dis- charged. In 1864 he again enlisted, this time in Company H, of the One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Regiment, in which he served until the close of the war, attaining the rank of a non commissioned officer. After returning from the war he began the study of medicine with Drs. Fitch and Coleman, of Logansport. In 1868 he graduated at Rush Medical College, Chi- cago, one of the leading institutions of its kind in the United States. He then spent one year in the practice at St. Luke's Hos- pital. He has since practiced at New Richmond and Galveston,, this State. In 1882, he located in Markle, and has been in the active practice of his profession there ever since, gaining the present high rank which he holds among the physicians of the county. In September, 1886, he was elected President of the County Medical Society, a position he now holds. In 1872 he was united in marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of Col. Thomas H. Bringhurst, of Logansport, where she was born in Jaly, 1850. To them havo been born Henry C, Jr., Arthur S., Robert B.,. Thomas B. and Julia. Dr. Gemmill is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow's fraternities, and belongs to the Baptist Church. His portrait appears elsewhere in this volume. W. A. GOURLEY, merchant. Brown's Corners, is a native of East Tennessee, born January 28, 1831, the oldest son of Allen and Susan (Hampton) Gourley, parents both born in the same State. His paternal ancestors were natives of Ireland, his grand- father emigrating from that country in an early day and settling in Tennessee. The grandfather on the mother's side, Mr. Hamp- ton, was an early resident of Tennessee, and a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. Allen Gourley was reared in Tennessee, and early learned the mill-wright's trade which he carried on in connection with carpentering. He emigrated in 1831 to Preble County, Ohio, from thence in 1833 to Huntington County, Ind.,. and for a number of years worked at his trade — erecting the first grist-mill on the Salamonie River. He subsequently returned to Ohio, but in 1841, came back to this county and settled in the village of Warren, where he lived until 1854. In the latter year he moved to Peru, Ind., in which city his death occurred in I860. W. A. Gourley was but an infant when his parents came to In- diana, and ten years of age when the family settled in the town of Warren. He was educated in the common schools, and at the age of seventeen began the carpenter's trade, which he carried on with good success until 1865, abandoning it that year and engag- ing in the saw-milling business at Peru, Indiana, moving to that ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 767 city about the year 1854. He subsequently moved his mill to Huntington and sold it, but continued some time longer in the business in that city, and for two years at the town of Eoanoke. In the fall of 1880, he purchased a small stock of general mer- chandise at Brown's Corners, out of which has since grown his present successful business, his store being one of the best of its kind in the county, outside thn larger towns. He is a wide- awake business man and has met with deserved success in his various enterprises. He is a Republican in politics, but cast his first vote in 1852 for Franklin Pierce. In the spring of 1884, he was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, the duties of which position he has since discharged in an eminently satis- factory manner. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and with his wife belongs to the ""Church of God." His marriage with Miss Mary J. Poreman was solemnized on the 25th of June, 1854, a union blessed with the birth of six children, viz. : Sarah A., Amanda E., Troy, Belle, Glenn, and William H. Mrs. Gourley was the daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Zent) Poreman. She was born in Knox County, Ohio, June 27, 1836, and died in Hunting- ton County, Ind., May 31, 1876. On the 27th of August, 1877, Mr. Gourley married his present wife. Miss Mary J., daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Comes) Hoyser. Mrs. Gourley was born in Ohio, October 15, 1844, and is the mother of one child, a son, viz.: John A. Gourley. ISRAEL H. HEASTOK — Conspicuous among Huntington County's representative men is Israel H. Heaston, who was born in Wayne County, Ind., September 23, 1843. His father, Jacob Heaston, was born in Rockingham County, Va., May 8, 1797, and at the age of seven years, accompanied his parents to Butler County, Ohio. From there in 1809, he moved to Montgomery County, the same State, where in 1819 he married Catherine Goodlander, who was born in the City of Philadelphia, Penn., November 15, 1801. In J 823, Mr. Heaston with his family moved to Wayne County, Ind., and settled near Hagerstown, where he lived until his removal to Huntington County in 1847. He set- tled near the village of Lancaster, Lancaster Township, and was an honored resident of the same for a period of thirty-one years, or until his death, which occurred August 19, 1878. His wife survived him two years, dying on the 19th day of August, 1880. They were both members of the German Baptist Church, and aniong the most exemplary citizens of Huntington County. They raised a family of eleven children, seven sons and four daughters, nine of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. Israel H. Heas- ton was reared to manhood on his father's farm near Lancaster having been but four years old when the family moved to Hun- tington County. He received in the common schools, an educa- tion, which though not a finished one by any means, has en- abled him to successfuly discharge the duties of a very active and energetic life. At the age of eighteen, he responded to the 768 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. country's call for volunteers, enlisting August 21, 1863, in Com- pany E, Seventy -Third Indiana Infantry, with which he served until honorably discharged, June 8, 1865. His regiment was in the Second Brigade, Third Division and Fourteenth Army Corps, and participated in a number of bloody battles, including Huntsville, Milton, Howe's Gap, Tullahoma,Chickamaugua, Mis- sion Eidge, Buzzard's Roost, Dalton, Resacca, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Savannah, Golds- boro, Bentonville, Smithfield and others, in all of which Mr. Heaston took an active part. During his long period of service, he never missed roll call except when on duty, and was never in the hospital a day for sickness or any kind- of disability. After his discharge, Mr. Heaston returned to Huntington County and engaged in farming on the home place, but subsequently in 1873 purchased the farm on which he has since resided. He has been a successful farmer, and at this time owns a beautiful place of eighty acres, all of which is under a high state of cultivation. He has always taken an active interest in politics and held the of- fice of Trustee in the Township of Lancaster. He was also ap- pointed by the court. Drainage Commissioner, but resigned the position to accept the nomination for County Auditor on the Re- publican ticket, for which office he was defeated by a diminished majority, his competitor having been elected by only twenty- one votes. In the fall of 1886, he was again the regular Republi- can nominee for Auditor and was elected to the oflBce by a ma- jority of 335 votes, the largest majority given to any man on the ticket, a fact which attests his great personal popularity throughout the county. Mr. Heaston was married March 8, 1866, to Miss Phoebe C. Reed, daughter of Hosea and Susan (Mc- Vicker) Reed, the father born in Virginia and the mother in Ohio. Mrs. Heaston was born March 31, 1843, and is the mother of four children, two of whom are now living. WILLIAM H. HEINDEL, a farmer of Rock Creek Town- ship, was born in Hancock County, this State, January 14, 1841. He is the only son in a family of five children, born to William and Charlottie (Winehold) Heindel, who were both natives of York County, Penn. The parents in early life moved to Ohio, and later to Hancock County, remaining in the latter place until August, 1846, when they came to Huntington County, and located on the Salamonie. Here the father entered eighty acres of land and suffered the privations of pioneer life in a forest country. After three years there they removed to Rock Creek Township, which has been their home ever since. Will- iam Heindel was but five years of age when his parents brought him to this county, and from that time to this his life has been spent in the active duties of farm life. His education was obtained in the common schools of his neighborhood which has been largely supplemented by practical experience and observa- tion. In 1873, he built one of the best tile mills in the county, at . I ^^^-^^-'T-'^-t^ci'^^-'S^r ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 771 a cost of $2,600, and with that has done a prosperous business ever since. In addition to his tiling interests he now owns a valuable farm of 320 acres all well supplied with good under-draining. During early life he voted the Democratic ticket in political mat- ters, but has of late inclined to the principles of the ivationalists. He is a member of the order of Patrons of Husbandry. January 25, 1864, his marriage with Hannah Crawford was celebrated. She is a daughter of David and Ellen (Roberts) Crawford, and was born in Grant County, October 8, 1843. To Mr. and Mrs. Heindel have been born fLv^e children: Charlottie, wife of H. M. Williams, David H., Matilda E., Rosetta, and William O. Through his own industry Mr. Heindel has now secured a good home, and is the leading business man of his township where he is highly esteemed by his acquaintances. JOHF P. HENDERSON, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Perry County, Ohio, and second son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Eamsey) Henderson, parents both born in Pennsylvania. The father was a farmer by occupation and served with distinction in the War of 1812. He moved to Ohio when a young man, and was one of the pioneers of that State, locating in Perry County where his death occurred in an early day. He was the father of eight chUdren, the subject of this sketch being the second in number. John P. Henderson was born September 28, 1814, and received his early training in the school of industry, having been raised to the hard work of the farm. He attended the common schools for a limited period, and on reaching the years of manhood engaged as •workman on the public works, in which papacity he continued for a short time. Having early manifested a decided taste for mechanical pursuits, he took up the carpenter's trade, at which he served a two years' apprenticeship, and in which he acquired great proficiency, working at the same with encouraging success for a period of seven years. October, 1846, he abandoned his trade and came to Huntington County, Ind., locating upon the farm where he has since lived in Rock Creek Township. The country at that time was comparatively new, and like the other early settlers, Mr. Henderson was obliged to undergo many hard- ships in order to develop a home from the almost unbroken for- est. His has been a very active &.nd industrious life, and as a result of his labors he now has a beautiful farm under successful cultivation, good buildings and the other accessories necessary to make life comfortable. He ^.has been called at different times to fill oflBcial positions, has served two terms as Township Trus- tee, eight terms as Constable, and three terms as Assessor, in all of which he acquitted himself in a manner highly satisfactory to all concerned. He is a Democrat in politics and, as such has rendered efficient service to the party in this county. January 20, 1841, he married Lydia Runkel, daughter of Jeremiah and Christiana Runkel. She was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, January 31, 1822, and is the mother of nine children, eight of 37 773 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. whom are now living. Their names are as follows, to wit: Mary E., wife of William Pritchett; Belinda, wife of E. Hayes; Samuel R., Amanda, wife of S. Dalby ; John W., George R., Clara, wife of Isaac Spow, and Francis M. Henderson. The deceased member of the family, Sarah J., died June 18, 1864. WILLIAM F. HUNT, native of Summit County, Ohio, and sixth child of Abner and Betsey (Johnson) Hunt, was born on the 16th day of March, 1823. His paternal ancestors came from England in colonial times and settled in the eastern states. His grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1776, and took an active part throughout that entire struggle. His ancestors on his mother's side were Irish people. Abner Hunt, subject's father, was a native of Massachusetts, which State he left about the year 1816, emigrating to Summit County, Ohio, having been one of the early pioneers of that part of the State. He was a farmer by occupation, reared a family of eleven children, and died in the fall of 1875, at a ripe old age. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood amid the rugged scenes of pioneer life, and early became accustomed to those habits of industry by which his life has always been characterized. He remained with his parents until his twentieth year, and then began working as a farm laborer for $10.00 per month, in which capacity he continued for a period of five years. He then purchased eighty acres of timber land, upon which he began making improvements, and which he sold in 1853, and moved to Huntington County, Ind. He purchased a tract of 315 acres in Rock Creek Township, and by dint of industry succeeded in a few years in clearing a good home, from what was at the time an almost unbroken forest. He purchased additional tracts of land at different times, and at one time, owned 275 acres, all of which, except the original tract, has been divided among his children. Miss Elizabeth Butter- field, of Medina County, Ohio, became his wife on the 22d of September, 1848. She is the daughter of Abraham and Jemima Butterfield, and was born on the 30th day of January, 1830. The following are the names of children born to Mr. and Mrs. Hunt, to-wit: Alfred W., Charles E., Andrew, deceased, Calvin, War- ren, deceased, Clara E., wife of C. M. Smith, Leonard A., Mary M., and Rosa M. Mr. Hunt is one of the enterprising citizens of his township, takes an active part in all movements for the pub- lic welfare, and is a member of the Republican party; takes a lively interest in politics. WILLIAM L. KEMP, farmer and Trustee of Rock Creek Township, was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, April 21, 1845, the only child of William and Elizabeth (Hempy) Kemp; parents natives of the same county and State. His maternal ancestors were natives of Maryland, his grandfather, Henry Hempy, emi- grating from that State to Ohio in quite an early day. William Kemp, the father, was a farmer by occupation and for a number ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 77* of years lived near the City of Lancaster, Ohio. His death occurred in 1851, or 1853. His widow subsequently married John Hill and in a later year moved to Huntington County, Ind., where she still lives. The subject was reared to agricultural pursuits; early learned those lessons of industry and frugality which dis- tinguishes the successful business man, and at the age of sixteen began life for himself as a farm hand, working in the fields in summer and feeding stock during the winter seasons. He married, December 23, 1869, Miss Nancy J. Brubaker, daughter of John and Catherine Brubaker, oc Ohio. Sbe was born ia Perry County, Ohio, May 19, 1849, and is the mother of nine children, seven of whom are living, viz.: Halleck M., Lola C, Emma E., Libbie J.,Des3ie A., Willis L. and Elsie V. Mr. Kemp lived upon and worked rented farms until 1881, wheuhe purchased his pres- ent place of seventy-four acres ia R:)ok Creak Township, upon which lie has siuce made maay valuable improvemeats. He is one of the leading citizeus of his township, au earaest supporter of the Democratic party, and ia the spriagof 183'5 was elected to the office of Trustee, the duties of which position he has since discharged in an eminently satisfactory manner. SAMUEL KING, retired farmer, was bora in Montgomery County, Ohio, September 30, 1827. His father, John King, was a native of Rockingham Couaty, Va., from which State in early life he emigrated to Ohio with his pareats, making the joarney on foot, and carrying his chopping ax the entire distance. This was about the year 181i. In 1814 or '15 he married Catherine Harshbarger, also a native of Rockingham Couaty, Va., by whom he had twelve children, the subject of this sketch being the niath in number. He lost his wife early in the thirties, and within a short time married Mary Avery, who bore him six children, making in all a family of eighteen, ten of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. He was one of the substantial citizens of Moatgomery County, Ohio, and at the time of his death was in possession of a very valuable property, the fruit of his unaided iadustry. Samuel King grew to maahood upon a farm in Montgomery County, Ohio, and received, in such schools as the county afforded, the elements of an Eaglish education. He remained with his parents until his marriage, which took place when he was twenty years of age, when he engaged in agricultural pursuits upon his own responsibility, renting land for a period of two years. At the end of that time he purchased eighty acres, going in debt for nearly the entire amount asked for the place, and lived upon the sama until 1885, making quite a number of substantial improvemeats ia the meantime, in the sutnuer of 1865, he purchased his present homa, 220 acres, to which he moved in August of that year, and which he has since made one of the best farms in Huntington Couaty. With the exception of three years spent in the mercantile busiaess in Ohio, Mr. King has been actively engaged in farming and stock 774 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. raising, in both of which branches of industry he has met with more than ordinary success. He has recently built a beautiful residence at Plum Tree, in which village he is spending his de- clining years, having retired from the active duties of life. Mr. King-in early life, was a Whig, but when the banner of that his- toric old party was trailed in the dust, he identified himself with its successor, the Eepublican party, of which he has since been an earnest and uncompromising supporter, being at this time one jof its leaders in Rock Creek Township . On the SOth'of Octo- ber, 1847, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Sarah M. Cusick, a native of Loudoun County, Va., and daughter of Walter and Mary (Burns) Cusick. The following are the names of the children born to this marriage that are living, viz. : Francis M., born Aug- ust 1, 1850; John W., born February 14, 1854; Horace G., born April 12, 1860; Ida Idalla, wife of George W. Souers, born Jan- uary 19, 1863; Lima May, wife of William Eckman, born Decem- ber 25, 1864, and Cyrus H., born June 19, 1867. Mr. and Mrs. King belong to the Methodist Church, as do also all of their children. JOHN LEAKEY, the subject of this biography, was born in Henry County, Ind., August 25, 1822, the second son of Joseph R. and Abigail Leakey, natives respectively of Tenn- essee and Ohio. His paternal ancestors came from England in an early day, and his grandfather was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. Joseph R. Leakey was raised in East Tennessee until his nineteenth year, having early been left an orphan. In company with his mother, brother and sisters, he emigrated to Butler County, Ohio, where, on the 2 1st day of September, 1820, he married Miss Abigail Biggs. In March, 1822, he moved to Henry County, Ind., where he engaged in agricul- tural pursuits, being one of the earliest pioneers of that section. He experienaed all the obstacles and privations incident to set- tlement in a new country, succeeded in accumulating a hand- some competence, and was one of the leading citizens of his adopted county. He was a representative politician of the old Whig school, and, with his wife, was an active member of the Church of the Disciples. His first wife died December 7, 1839, and on the 23d of July, 1840, was solemnized his second marriage with Mrs. Martha A. (Haske'tt) Newbold, by whom he bad six chil- •dren. By his previous marriage he had a family of ten children, which, with four step children by his second wife, made an aggre- gate of twenty children, whom he reared to manhood and woman- hood. Of this number, all are married, except one son, and the family was represented in the late war by six sons, who donned the blue and did valiant service in defense of the National Union. Mr. Leakey died January 18, 1872. His wife survives him and lives at this time in Henry County. John Leakey was reared on a farm in Henry County, and received a practical edu- cation in such schools as the county at that time afforded. He ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 775 remained on the home place until attaining his majority, when he. began farming for himself, purchasing a place in Henry- County, which he improved and owned until 1868. In that year he disposed of his interest in Henry County and a little later purchased his present farm in Huntington County, upon which but four acres of land had been cleared. By great industry he^ soon had a goodly number of acres in cultivation, and by con- stantly improving his place, has at this time a very comfortable and attractive home. He was married November 2, 1843, to Miss Mary Corwine, of Mason County, Ky., but at that time a resi- dent of Henry County, this State. She is the daughter of George and Nancy Corwine, natives respectively of JSew Jersey and West Virginia, and was born on the 16th day of April, 1823. The parents mo^'ed to Kentucky at a very early day, and from that State, in 1833, to Indiana, locating in Henry County, where they lived until their respective deaths, which occurred as follows: The father, September 24, 1851, and the mother, September 33, 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Leakey had one child, a daughter, Martha A., who died at the age of five years. Tney subsequently adopted a niece, Clarissa Vermillion, whose name was changed to that of Leakey. Mr. and Mrs. Leakey are both members of the Dis- ciples Church. A. M. LEAKY, the gentleman whose name introduces this bi6graphical sketch, was born in Henry County, Ind., July 18, 1843, and is the second son of Joseph E. and Martha A. (Has- • kett) Leakey. (See sketch of John Leakey.) The mother was a daughter of Anthony and Mary (St. Clair) Haskett, and was born in North Carolina, June 13, 1813. A. M. Leakey was reared on a farm, received an English education in the common schools and remained with his parents until 1863, at which time when but nineteen years of age, he laid aside the peaceful vocation of farming, to answer his country's call for volunteers, enlisting the fall of that year in Fifty-Fourth Indiana Infantry. This regiment was registered in the Fourteenth Army Corps, joined Gen. Sherman's command at Vicksburg, and was first engaged at the battle of Chickasaw in which encounter the subject par- ticipated. Later it was engaged at Arkansas Post, and Siege of Vicksburg, in the latter of which Mr. Leakey, with ninety- six comrades, was taken prisoner. He was paroled at the end of three months having undergone great privation during the period of his incarceration. His term of enlistment expiring he returned home, but after a stay of only twenty days, he re entered the service, enlisting January 35, 1864, in the Twentieth Indiana Battery, with which he served until honorably discharged, June 3, 1865, participating in a number of battles and active cam- paigns in the meantime, (in leaving the army he returned to Huntington County, where on the 19th day of September, 1865, he was united in marriage with Miss Clara Leakey, adopted daughter of John Leakey. She was born in Putnam County, 776 HISTOBT OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Ind., May 22, 1845, and is the daughter of Anderson and Lucinda (Corwine) Vermillion, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respec- tively. In August, 1866, Mr. Leakey moved to Kock Creel^ Town- ship, and purchased an eighty-acre tract of forest land, which he at once began improving. In 1873 he sold his place and moved to Putnam County, hut six months later returned to Huniitigton County, where he has since resided. He purchased his present beautiful farm of 100 acres in 1876, and is now one of the lead- ing farmers of the township. In addition to his farming inter- ests Mr. Leakey has carried on quite an extensive business as contractor and builder. Many of the best buildings in this and adjoining townships, being the work of his hands. He is a staunch Eepublican in politics, and as such has done good ser- vice to his party in this county, though never asking for ofiBcial position at the hands of his fellow citizens. He and wife are members of the Christian (Disciples) Church. The following are the names of their living children, to-wit: William P., born May 35, 1867; L. E., born May 17, 1873; Mary V., born December 7, 1879. JOHN W. LUCKEY was born in Clinton County, Ohio, Au- gust 23, 1845, and is the sixth of a family of thireen children born to William and Martha Luckey, natives of Ohio and Ken- tucky, respectively. His paternal grandfather, when but seven years of age, was captured by the Indians, and remained with (them for a period of nearly eight years. He was finally secured by an English soldier, who traded a keg of rum for him, and im- mediately released him. He located in Athens County, Ohio, where he reared a large family, and where his death occurred many years ago. William Luckey, father of our subject, was born in Athens County, Ohio, June 2, 1799, and was a farmer by occupa- tion. He remained in his native State until 1853, at which time he immigrated to Huntington County, Ind., and purchased 440 acres of land in Rock Creek Township, 250 acres of which were improved. He was a man of great energy and decision of char- acter, and with his wife, belonged to the Christian Church, in which they were both active workers. He accumulated a valu- able property, reared twelve of his children to manhood and womanhood, and departed this life March, 1880. Hi^ wife, who was his companion in all his various experiences and vicissitudes of life, is still living, making her home with a son, in the town of Markle. John W. Luckey was brought to Huntington County when but eight years of age, and from that time until the pres- ent has been one of its most honorable and trustworthy citizens. He received a common school education, and during the War of the Rebellion, when but nineteen years old, he answered his country's call for volunteers, enlisting November 11, 1864, in Company C, Fortieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was mus- tered into the service at Kokomo, Ind., and in the Twenty -Third Army Corps, under Gen. Thomas, was first engaged at the battle EOCK CKEKK TOWNSHIP. 777 of Spring Hill and Columbia, Tenn. At the battle of Frank- lin, Tenn., he with several of his comrades , was taken priso- ner, and for a period of four months and eighteen days suffered untold hardships in various prison pens, including the noted one at Andersonville. At the time of his parole, late in March, 1865, he was so nearly starved that he could not walk, and on reach- ing Jefferson Barracks, he was discharged on account of physi- cal disability. For two years after leaving the army he was an invalid, but at the end of that time he engaged in agricultural pursuits for his father, with whom he remained about two years longer. On the 15th of April, 1869, he was married to Miss Phebe Crandal, and immediately thereafter engaged in farming on the place where he has ever since resided . Mrs. Luckey is the daughter of Sidney and Emma (Granger) Crandal, natives respectively of Ohio and New York, and was born in Sandusky County, Ohio, on the 11th of March, 1851. The following are the names of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Luckey, who are now living, viz.: Oscar E., born September 26, 1870; Herman S.,born May 12, 1875; Freeman A., born December 11, 1881; Orin E., born September 30, 1884. Mr. Luckey is a Republican in politics, and an active member of the G. A. R., belonging to J. R. Slack Post, at Huntington. He and wife are working members of the Disciples Church. JAMES McFA-DDEN. — Prominent among the successful farmers and pioneers of Rock Creek Township, is the gentleman whose biographical sketch is hereby presented. James Mc- Fadden, Sr., father of the subject, was born in Donegal, Ireland, August 1, 1774, and at the age of nine years accompanied his parents to the United States, and settled first in Lancaster County, Penn. He was united in marriage in early life to Miss Christiana Rider, and subsequently they emigrated to Fayette County, Ohio, and from thence in 1816, to Wayne County, the same State, where his death occurred August 7, 1849. He was a man of more than ordinary intelligence, an active politician, and a consistent member of the English Lutheran Church. His wife survived him a number of years departing this life on the 13th day of April, 1874, at the advanced age of 95 years. James McFadden, Jr., immediate subject of this sketch, was born in Fayette County, June 23, 1810. At the age of six years he was taken by his parents to Wayne County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and where he received the advantages of a common school education. At the age of twenty- one he left home and for two years traveled in Illinois and Wisconsin, spending a year in each State. He left Ohio twice to make a home in the West, but each time returned, and on the 8th of October, 1840, was united in marriage with Sarah Smith, daugh- ter of Elias and Elizabeth (Beerbower) Smith, of Wayne County, Ohio. For a period of ten years Mr. McFadden lived upon his father's farm, but at the end of that time, 1850, he came to Hunt- 778 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. ington County, Ind., and settled in Rock Creek Township, upon a tract of land that he had previously purchased. He soon erected a Ipg cabin, and employing seven hands whom he gave employment all winter, had by the spring of 1851, sixty acres of land cleared and ready for cultivation. After this he lived quite comfortably and as the years went by succeeded in developing a fine farm and is at this time one of the leading citizens of the township. He has always taken an active interest in political affairs, and cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson in 1833. He has voted for every nominee of the Democratic party since that time except one and was personally acquainted with several of the Presidents, having known Garfield when that renowned states- man was quite a young man. He has held various official positions, including that of Assessor, Justice of the Peace, Super- visor of Highways, in all of which he acquitted himself with credit to himself, and in a manner satisfactory to all concerned. Mrs. McFadden was born February 5, 1819, and is the mother of the following children, viz. : Paulona, Terresa, Christian, Scott, Elizabeth, Nancy, James, Llewellyn. HORACE MINER, a leading farmer and pioneer of Rock Creek Township, was born in Chenango County, N. T., Septem- ber 30, 1830, and is the son of Francis D. and Mary Miner, both natives of Connecticut. The father was born April 19, 1797, and in early manhood emigrated to Chenango County, N. Y., where, on the 17th of July, 1815, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Parker, a union blessed with the birth of three children. In the fall of 1845, the family immigrated to Indiana and located in Rock Creek Township, Huntington County, where the parents lived a few years, selling out later and moving to the State of Wisconsin. They subsequently returned to this county, locating in Rock Creek Township, where their deaths occurred as follows: The mother's, February 20, 1876, and the father's, January 4,188^. The immediate subject of this biography was raised on a farm and early learned those lessons of industry and thrift by which his subsequent life has been characterized. He received a prac- tical education from the country schools, and remained under the parental roof until 1841, at which time he started in life upon his own responsibility, securing employment at any thing he could find to do. On the 7th of January, of the above year, he married Miss Caroline Smith, a native of Onondaga County, N. Y., born December 31, 1833. To this union seven children were born, viz.: Henry C, Laura A., Loren B., Eveline, Emma C, Flora B., Horace R. In 1844, Mr. Miner came to Huntington County, Ind., settling in Rock Creek Township, and subsequently purchasing a tract of land near the village of Plum Tree. He began work in earnest, and within a few years had a respectable farm cleared from the forest. He after- ward exchanged this for another piece of land to which he has subsequently added until he now owns a fine farm of 330 acres. ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 77^ the greater part of which is under a successful state of cultiva- tion. His first wife died on the 24th of December, 1884, and on the 17th of November, 1886, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Sabina (Tam) Hoag, of Columbiana County, Ohio. She is the daughter of James and Rebecca (McNutt) Tam, and dates her birth from the 38th of June, 1843. Mr. Miner, in common with all the early settlers of Jlock Creek Township, encountered his full share of the difficulties and obstacles of pioneer life, but looks back to the old times as one of the most enjoyable periods of his existence. He has cleared and prepared for cultivation over 300 acres of heavily timbered land, in view of which fact it can readily be seen that he has never been content to eat the bread of idleness. He is a Republican in politics, and justly entitled to mention among the representative citizens of Rock Creek Township. PETER RITTENHOUSE was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, September 30, 1835, and is the son of Aaron and Sarah (Neigh) Rittenhouse. The parents were both born and reared in Ohio", and in the year 1836, moved to Shelly County, Ind., where they lived until their removal to Huntington County in 1837. Mr. Rittenhouse entered 160 acres of land in the county to which he moved the fall of the above year, and until he could erect a house, his family found shelter in a rude and hastily con- structed shed. Mr. Rittenhouse cleared a good farm, raised a large family, twelve members of which grew to manhood and womanhood. He departed this life in the fall of 1855, aged fifty- three years. Of his family, eleven children are still living, the eld- est having reached the age of sixty-three years. The mother is still iving also, and at this time has fifty-three grandchildren and twenty-nine great grandchildren, her age being eighty-two. Peter Rittenhouse was one year old when his parents moved to Indiana, and twelve years of age when they came to Huntington County. He assisted in clearing the farm, and from his early youth was taught to look upon idleness as a crime, in conse- quence of which his life has been one of great industry. Until twenty-one years of age he remained with his parents, but on attaining his majority he began doing joD work as a day laborer, and continued as such until he had saved sufficient means to purchase eighty acres- of timbered land, for which he paid the sum of 1300. By perservering industry he succeeded in clearing from the " green " a good farm, and looks back upon his pioneer days as among the most enjoyable experiences of his life. He was united in marriage to Miss Barbara A. Zent, of Knox County, Ohio. She was born July 17, 1833, and when thirteen years of age, came with her parents, Daniel and Mariah (Yieder) Zent, to Huntington County. Mr. and Mrs Rittenhouse are the parents of the following children, to wit: Lodenia, born Febru- ary 17, 1853; Leonard J., born August 37, 1855; Mary M., born March 39, 1858; Philoma, born December 3, 1865. Mr. Ritten- 780 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. house was originally a Democrat, but since the war, has been voting with the Eepublican party. He and wife are members of the Christian Church, with which they have been identified for a number of years. DANIEL EITTENHOUSE, seconason of Aaron Rittenhouse, was born in Shelby County, Ind., May, 1837. At the age of ten years he -accompanied his parents to Huntington County, and from that time until his twenty -first year, assisted his father in clearing and developing the farm, doing a man's work while yet a mere boy. He was raised amid the scenes of pioneer life, and on account of the labor required of him at home, attained but a limited education, attending school but a few weeks each year. On attaining his majority he provided himself with a woodman's outfit, i. e., an ax, maul and wedge, and at once began working for himself, making rails, chopping wood, logging, etc., receiv- ing fifty cents per day, or only $8 per month. With his hard earnings he was at length enabled to purchase eighty acres of wild woodland, the beginning of his present beautiful farm, from which by an immense amount of hard work he at -length cleared and developed a very comfortable home. He has added to his original purchase and at this time owns ninety-nine acres, supplied with good buildings and all the improvements and ap- pliances necessary to make farming pleasant and successful. His marriage took place October 9, 1851, with Mary A. Johnson, a native of North Carolina, and daughter of Elias and Sarah (Pierce) Johnson, of North Carolina and Virginia, respectively. Mrs. Rittenhouse was born October 12, 1831, and at the age of fourteen accompanied her parents to Grant County, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Rittenhouse are the parents of the following children: Sarah J., born October 5, 1857; Elias M., born December 18, 1858; Alonzo, born March 14, 1861; Cyrenus, born June 16, 1863; Ida M., born January 2, 1866; Jesse S., born September 4, 1873; Theodore and Theophilus (twins). Mr. and Mrs. Rittenhouse are mem- bers of the Baptist Church. JOHK RITTENHOUSE.— The gentleman whose sketch is herewith presented is a native of Shelby County, Ind., and the fourth son and fifth child of a family of fifteen children born to Aaron and Sarah (Neigh) Rittenhouse. He was born on the 9th day of January, 1831, and at the age of seven years accompanied his parents to Huntington County, Ind., where he has since resided. His youthful years were spent on his father's farm, and amid the rugged scenes of pioneer life, he learned those lessons of industry by which his subsequent life has been characterized. His early educational advantages were somewhat limited, his schooling being confined to a three months' term each year, attending only about half the time. He soon developed into a strong, robust young man, thoroughly familiar with the use of the ax and maul, and all other implements common in the newly BOCK CREBK TOWNSHIP. 781 settled localities forty and fifty years ago. On attaining his majority he began life for himself and for sometime thereafter worked at anything he could find to do, his compensation having frequently been but $13 per month. He was thus engaged until about 1855, at which time he invested his hard saved earnings in forty acres of land from which not a stick of timber had been cut or removed. After erecting thereon a comfortable, hewed log house, he began clearing and " slashing, " and by almost con- stant work night and day succeeded in a few years in developing a good farm. He subsequently exchanged this for an eighty acre tract, his present home, which when he obtained possession was in about the same condition as his first place, being just as nature made it. By persevering industry he cleared seventy -six acres, to which he has since added sixteen acres, making at this time a fine farm, the fruits of his unaided efforts. Mr. Rittenhouse and a brother in 1868, purchased a thresher which proved a very un- fortunate investment, as is shown by the fact that a few weeks after starting the same his sleeve was caught in the cylinder resulting in the mangling of his hand and forearm in such a horrible manner that amputation became necessary. After losing his arm he did not retire from active labor by any means, but has since accomplished with his remaining arm an immense amount of hard work, such as chopping, binding wheat, and in fact performing nearly all kinds of farm labor. Mr. Rittenhouse was married November 9, 1855, to Martha J. Johnson, daughter of Elias and Sarah (Pierce) Johnson, natives of Virginia and North Carolina, respectively. Mrs. Rittenhouse was born in Ohio, December 5, 1835, and is the fifth in a family of thirteen children. Mr. and Mrs. Rittenhouse have a family of four children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows, viz.: Amanda M., wife of P. Bell, born September 17, 1856; Joseph I., bom March 24, 1859; Enos N., born April 6, 1863, and Willis L., born May 34, 1866. Mr. Rittenhouse and wife are active mem- bers of the Baptist Church. CORNELIUS SCHMUCK was born in York County, Penn., September 26, 1814, the fourth of a family of eleven children born to Jacob and Catherine (Hildebrand) Schmuck, natives of Pennnsylvania, and of German descent. Jacob Schmuck was by occupation, a farmer and weaver. He married early in life, and about the year 1836, emigrated to Wayne County, Ind., where he lived the rest of his life, dying at the advanced age of eighty- six years. His -wife preceded him to the grave, departing this hfe at the same age. They reared a family of eleven children, all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. Cornelius Schmuck was reared on a farm near the City of York, Penn., and received a fair education in both the German and English lan- guages. He came to Indiana when twenty -two years of age, and for a time worked at any thing he could find to do. He sub- sequently farmed rented land, and at one time owned a forty 782 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. acre tract of land in Madison County, which he purchased with his earnings, made by working at from ^.00 to $7.00 per month. In the fall of 1846, he came to Huntington County and bought eighty acres of land near what is known as Stringtown, and be- gan pioneer life in true backwoods fashion. He lived on this place until 18tjl, at which time he disposed of it and purchased his present farm, at that time an unbroken piece of wood land. Here he was obliged to live over again his pioneer experience, but by persevering industry was in time the possessor of a, com- fortable home, it being now one of the best farms in the town- ship. Mr. Schmuck is a Republican in politics, but was originally a Whig, and cast his first vote for William Henry Harrison. He was married March 3, 1842, to Sarah Landes, daughter of Benja- min and Elizabeth (Cipps) Landes, both parents natives of Virginia. Benjamin Landes, in 1838, moved to Wayne County, Ind., and a number of years later emigrated to Missouri, in which State he is still living at an advanced age. Mrs. Schmuck was born in Virginia, January 17, 1836, and is the mother of nine liv- ing children, viz. : William H., Elizabeth C, Susannah M., Mary J., Jacob D., Emerson B., Benjamin P., Eli F., and Sarah D. Mr. and Mrs. Schmuck are members of the Christian Church and among the prominent citizens of Rock Creek Township. DR. JOSEPH SCOTT, a prominent physician and pioneer of Rock Creek Township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Cum- berland County, October 8, 1834, the oldest son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Walters) Scott. The doctor when nine years of age was taken by his parents to Massillon, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and where he enjoyed superior educational advantages, taking an academic course in one of the best schools in the State. He assisted his father on the farm until his twentieth year, at which time, 1844, he began reading medicine with Dr. Perkins Wallace, under whose instructions he continued for a period of four years. Actuated by a laudable desire to increase his knowl- edge of the prof ession, the doctor in the winter of 1846-7, attended a course of lectui-es at Cleveland, Ohio, working his way through the college, having been early obliged to rely entirely upon his own resources. He attended the same institution the following winter, and in the spring of 1848 came to Huntington County, Ind., and began the practice of his profession in the town of Huntington, where he remained for a period of two years. At the end of that bime he located on the north bank of the Wabash River, Rock Creek Township, erecting a house on the present site of Markle, hence was the first actual settler of that beautiful and flourishing little village. At that time the country was very sparsely settled, and the doctor being too poor to own a horse was obliged to make his professional rounds on foot, meeting with many interesting as well as startling experiences during the first two or three years' residence in the new country. On the 32d of January, 1853, he married Miss Susan Griflith, who was KOCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 783 born in Perry County, Ohio, January 10, 1828. She Nvas the daughter of Jesse and Catherine (Miller) Griffith, of Pennsyl- vania. At the time of his marriage the doctor was in very straitened circumstances, and states that he was obliged to borrow the money necessary to pay for the license and settle with the "squire" who performed the ceremony. For a period of six years he was the only physician and surgeon in Markle, during which time he succeeded in establishing a very extensive prac- tice throughout the southern part of Huntington and portions of Grant and Wells counties. This practice he has since com- manded and is justly entitled to the reputation of one of the most skillful and successful medical men of this part of the State. He has been a close student and a man of great physical endur- ance, as is attested by the fact that he is still in good health, although broken somewhat on account of exposure. He has in addition to his professional duties taken an active interest in local politics, being one of the leaders of the Eepublican party in the town and township where he resides. In 1857 he was ap- pointed Postmaster of Markle, and held the office for ten years, when the compensation amounted to but 75 ct-nts per quarter. Was appointed again in 1883, but resigned the office a short time after the election of President Cleveland. The Doctor was made a Mason in 1851, and at this time stands high in the order, being a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the Council. He belongs to the I. 0. 0. F. also, being one of the oldest members of that order in Huntington County. GEORGE W. SLOAM was born in Chester County, Penn., July 27, 1839, son of Patrick and Phebe Sloam, the father a na- tive of Ireland and the mother of Pennsylvania. Patrick Sloam _ came to the United States about the year 1816, and grew to man- hood in the City of Philadelphia. In early life he married Phebe A. Moore, who was born of English parentage in the County of Lancaster, Penn. He early learned the]carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1850, when he came to Wayne County, Ind., and engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1857|he moved to Hunt- ington County, where he is now li ving. G. W. Sloam, is the eld- est son of a family of nine children, and when eleven years of age, accompanied his parents to Wayne County, where upon a farm he grew to early manhood, attending the country schools at intervals during the meantime. At the age of eighteen, he came to Huntington County and began the carpenter's trade, at which he worked for several years. In November, 1861, at the first call for troops, he entered the army, enlisting in Company H, Forty- Seventh Indiana Infantry, and served as a brave and honorable soldier until honorably discharged, December, 1864. He shared with his command the fortunes and vicissitudes of war in many campaigns and bloody battles, and in all his varied experiences, acquitted himself as a true soldier, and earned a military reputa- tion of which he feels justly proud. At the expiration of his 784 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. period of service, he returned home, and until 1876, worked at " his trade, abandoning it that year and engaging in agricultural pursuits, which he has since followed. He purchased his present farm in 1881, and has a beautiful and comfortable home, the re- sult of his unaided efforts. He is a staunch Eepublican in poli- tics, and cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. He is promi- .nently identified with the G. A. R., and with his wife, belongs to the Christian Church. He was married August 12, 1866, to Miss Anna C. Brown, daughter of Asa and Cinderella (Wilson) Brown. Mrs. Sloam was born on the 7th of April, 1843, and is the mother of the following children: Curtis 0., Eflie M., Mary C, deceased, and Albert W. NATHAN" SMITH, retired farmer, is a native~'of Onondaga County, N. Y., and the second son of a family of seven children, six sons and one daughter, born to David and Laura (White) Smith, natives of Vermont; the tather born May ,9, 1753, and the mother January 20, 1798. Daniel Smith was a. farmer by. occu- pation. He was married in 1814, and a little later emigrated to New York, where his wife died in 1839. Early in the forties he was united in marriage to Mrs. Catherine (Rozelle) Smith and a short time prior to 1850 moved to Huntington County, Ind., and located near the village of Plum Tree, where he lived for several years. Five of his sons and one daughter became resi- dents of Huntington County, to-wit: Solomon, Nathan, William, Caroline, John and Daniel. His other son, Delevan, lives near Mason, Michigan, where he located in 1857, he and the subject of this sketch being the only members of the family now living. Daniel Smith was a man highly esteemed by all who knew him, and departed this life December, 1872. Nathan Smith was born January 7, 1818, grew to manhood in his native State, and re- mained with his parents until his twentieth year, at which time he began life for himself, engaging to work for one year for $13 per month. He continued as a common laborer for three years, and in April, 1842, was united in marriage to Miss Phebe Turner, who died February 14, 1844, leaving one daughter, Elzina. Mr. Smith, in 1846, came to Huntington County, Ind., but on account of sickness subsequently returned to his native State, exchang- ing the fifteen acres of land he had purchased, for an Indian pony and $10 in money. In 1849 he again came to Indiana, and settled near Rock Creek Center, Rock Creek Township, where he invested his sole earthly possession, $130, in land. His second marriage was solemnized April 15, 1851, with Miss Susan McCon- ner, a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, and daughter of Samuel and Clarissa (Wright) McConner, of New Jersey. Mrs. Smith was born November 25, 1818, and is the mother of five children, viz.: Mary F., wife of Isaiah Dill; Laura 0., wife of Charles Hunt; Delevan, Francis M., and Cassius E. Soon after his second marriage Mr. Smith settled near Plum Tree Village, and five and a half years later moved to the place adjoining the KOCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 785 farm on which he now lives. He moved to his present home place in the fall of 1865, and is now spending his declining years in the enjoyment of that peace and retirement which only those who have so long and successfully battled with the cares of life know how to appreciate. In early life he was a Whig, later a Republican, and in 1881 became a firm supporter of the principle of Prohibition, which he has since earnestly advocated. He and wife are active members of the Christian (Disciples) Church. GEORGE SOWERS, prominent citizen and retired farmer, is a native of Fayette County, Penn., and the eldest of nine child- ren born to Jacob and Elizabeth Sowers. The father was a native Pennsylvania also, where in 1810 he married Elizabeth Franks. In 1817, he emigrated to Wayne County, Ohio, and settled near the town of Wooster, where he entered a tract of government land and made a home. He was a pioneer iii the true sense of the term, and met with many thrilling experiences during his early years in the backwoods. George Sowers was six years old when his parents moved to Ohio, in which State he passed the years of his youth and early manhood. Being the eldest of the family, he was obliged to forego the privileges of an education in order to contribute his share toward making a home, and sup- porting the family. At the age of eighteen he went back to his native State and bound himself for two years, to learn the wagon maker's trade, receiving at the end of that time, $10.00 worth of tools and $120.00 in cash, his father furnishing him with clothing in the meantime. After acquiring proficiency in his trade, he returned to Ohio, and worked for some time as a jour- neyman, but subsequently open*>d a shop on his father's farm,, which he operated with good success for several years. He followed wagon making for a period of several years, and at the end of that time, 1836, came to Huntington County, Ind., and entered a tract of 24ti acres of land in Rock Creek Town- ship. The following year he worked at his trade, in Logansport, in which city, on the 20th day of July, 1837, he married Miss Martha, daughter of Joseph and Mary Redd, of Pennsylvania. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Sowers went back to Ohio, where he remained until the fall of 1840, at which time he returned to Indiana, and settled in Rock Creek Township, where he has since resided. He took an active part in the development of the country, and like many others, bore his full share of the priva- tions, hardships and hard work of pioneer life. In all these years he has been known as a very careful and industrious citizen, an honorable neighbor, and a man against whose good name, no breath of suspicion has ever been uttered. He had charge of his farm until a few years ago, when he retired from active life and is now enjoying in quiet and content, that rest which he has so well and so nobly earned. On the 30th of December, 1883, his faithful companion in all his years of toil, the sharer of his joys and sorrows, yielded to the last summons— dying at the 786 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. age of sixty-seven years. She was, with her husband, an earnest worker in the Baptist Church, and bore him five children, two sons and three daughters, viz.: Artlissa J., Arnetta, Mary A. (deceased), Joseph E., and Meredith (deceased), who was a gal- lant soldier in the late war. ISAAC B. SPARKS, retired farmer, is a native of Indiana, and the tenth of a family of thirteen children born to Solomon and Isabell (Swaim) Sparks, parents natives of North Carolina, and of English and German descent, respectively. Solomon Sparks was by occupation a farmer, and grew to manhood in North Carolina. He emigrated to Ohio in an early day, and later to Indiana, renting on what is known as Nettle Creek, where he lived until his removal to Wells County in 1834. He settled near the present site of Markle on the south side of the Wabash, and and was one of the earliest settlers in that locality. He entered a valuable tract of land near Rock Creek, and spent quite a num- ber of years in true pioneer style, meeting with many interesting adventures with the Indians and wild beasts during his early ex- perience in the backwoods. He lived to see ten of his children grown and settled, was a man of influence in the community where he resided, and died some time prior to 1860. Isaac B. Sparks was born April 3, ] 823, and. was only twelve years of age when his par- ents moved to Wells County. He was early taught those lessons of industry and frugality by which his subsequent life has been characterized, and grew to manhood amid the rugged duties of farm life. He attended school for only a limited period, conse- quently did not acquire much of an education so far as books are concerned, but by intelligent observation has since obtained a valuable practical knowledge, which has enabled him to trans- act business in a safe and satisfactory manner. He early be- came quite expert in the use of the rifle, and at one time killed nine deer and crippled the tenth in one day.. He made his home with his parents until his twenty-eighth year, and in 1845 pur- chased his first land, an eighty-acre tract, for which he paid the sum of $340, ai.d upon which he made a number of substantial improvements, including a double log barn that is still doing good service. He moved to the farm in 1853 and has since made it one of the best places in the township. Mr. Sparks was for- merly a Democrat, but espoused the principles of the Greenback party when Greeley ran for the Presidency, and has ever since been an earnest advocate of said principles. He was for some years prominently identified with the Grange movement, having been one of its ablest workers in Rock Creek Township. Mr. Sparks was married December 18, 1851. to Miss Cynthia A. Roberts, of Kentucky, and daughter of William and Martha (Hultz) Roberts. Mrs. Sparks was born December 37, 1833, and is the mother of the following children, viz.: William, Albert D., deceased; Robert R., Rachael E., Frederick, Sarah A., Mariah, Rebecca J., deceased; Susan E., Isaac H., Cynthia I., deceased, ROCK CREEK TOWNSHIP. 789 and Mary E , deceased. Mrs. Sparks is a member of the Chris- tion Church, and Mr. Sparks, althoug:h a man of strong religious, convictions, is not identified with any church organization. MOSES TAM, farmer and stock raiser, son of James and" Rebecca Tarn, is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, and dates- his birth from the a9th day of June, 1835. His father was a native of Delaware, and in early life followed the profession of teaching. He moved to Pennsylvania many years ago, in which State he married, and reared a large family. Shortly after his first wife's death he emigrated to Ohio, where he married Rebecca McFutt, and where he lived until his removal to Huntington County, Ind., in 1852. On reaching this county he settle! near Rock Creek Center, Rock Creek Township, where at the advanced age of seventy years he began clearing a home in the then almost unbroken wilderness. He was a man of great energy; an active politician, and a sincere Christian, having in early life joined the Free- Will Baptist Church, and later identified himself with the Methodists. His death occurred in 1873, at the ripe old age of ninety-three years. Moses Tam, was reared, to early man- hood in his native county, and until his sixteenth year, attended at intervals a country school, walking a distance of two and a half miles to the school house. He accompanied his parents to this county, and being the only son, was early obliged to bear his part in clearing the farm and contributing to the support of the family, remaining under the parental roof until his twenty- fourth year. He then purchased thirty acres of land in the neigh- borhood of Rock Creek Center, where he lived for six years, and at the end of that time located his present home which is one of the best cultivated farms in the township. Mr. Tam has led a life of great industry, and is one of the leading farmers and stock raisers in the community where he resides. He was married June 19, 1859, to Miss Margaret Hoag, of Onondaga County, N. Y., where she was born September 24, 1841. Her parents', Benanuel and A villa (Wright) Hoag, were natives of New York, but in an early day emigrated to Ohio, and from there in 1856 to Huntington County, Ind. . Mr. and Mrs. Tam have had a family of six children, viz.: Rosaltha, born December 7, 1860; Marquis, born January 30, 1865; Frederick, born November 37, 1872; Elsie, born January 9, 1878, and Estella and Cora who died in infancy. JONATHAN WHITELOCK, son of Abraham and Margaret Whitelock, was born in Fayette County, Ind., on the 8fch day of July, 1830. The father was a native of Maryland, descending from English ancestors, and at the age of eighteen years emi- grated to Ohio. Subsequently, about 1820, he moved to Fayette County, Ind., and located on White Water. He married, in Fay- ette County, Miss Margaret Risk, a native of Ohio, and in 183a emigrated to Franklin County, where the family resided until their removal to Huntington County a number of years later. 28 790 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. The father and mother both died in this county, the former in 1863, and the latter a short time afterward. Jonathan White- lock was raised principally in Franklin County, having been taken there by his parents when but a few months old. He was reared a farmer, received a common school education, and began life for himself, a little before attaining his majority, as a farm laborer and wood chopper, having early become quite skillful in the use of the ax. In the fall of 1851 he visited Wells and Hunt- ington Counties, and later purchased eighty acres in the former, paying for the same out of the earnings of his daily labor. In 185i he accompanied his parents to this county and has ever since lived in Section 33, Rock Creek Township, having ex- changed his Wells County land for a part of his present farm. He was married February 3d, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Sowers, eldest daughter of Jacob Sowers, one of the pioneer settlers of Huntington County. She was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 14, 1835, and brought to this township when only three years of age. Immediately after his marriage, Mr. Whitelock moved to his own place, where, .in a small pioneer cabin, were passed many of the most pleasant days of his life. This house was in time exchanged for a more comfortable frame structure, and the latter in turn to a fine brick residence, erected in 1871. He now has some of the best farm buildings in the southern part of the county, and also one of the best improved farms, his land amount- ing to 433 acres. He was the leading spirit in founding the vil- lage of Plum Tree, and in 1876 began the mercantile business there, which he continued for a period of about eighteen months. He is one of Huntington County's most successful citizens, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. An earnest supporter of the Democratic party all his life, he has never been a partisan in the sense of seeking office, and for twenty years he has been pre-eminently identified with the Masonic fraternity. He is the father of one "son, Orlando W. Whitelock, attorney at Huntington, who was born July 12, 1857! JOHlSr G. WILL, farmer and stock grower, is a native of Prussia, Germany, and only child of Louis and Margaret Will. The father was a tailor and in addition to that trade, worked at farming, carrying on both vocations until his death, which oc- curred in Prussia in the year 1867. John G. Will was left moth- erless at the early age of three years, and from his fifth to fourteenth years, attended school in his native country. On quitting school he was engaged for some time on the public works, and later for a period of six years, worked as a common farm laborer. On the 1st of April, 1858, he sailed for the United States and after a long sea voyage reached his destination and proceeded at once to Huntington County, Ind., locating in Rock Creek Township, with a relative, for whom he worked for a period of about five years, saving sufficient money in the meantime to enable him to purchase SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 791 forty acres of land, the foundation of his present beautiful home. Beginning life with no capital save a determination to succeed Mr. Will has by persevering' industry, steadily risen from a day laborer, to one of the largest and most successful farmers of Rock Creek, owning at this time a valuable farm of 200 acres, situated in one of the richest agricultural regions in Huntington County. He married on the third day of October, 1858, Miss Catharine Baker, who was born in Hesse Darmsdadt, Germany, December 22, 1829. To this union five children have been born: Louis, born September 12, 1861; William, born Octo- ber 35, 1863; John, born December 30, 1865; Fred, July 17, 1870; and Mary, born November 2, 1872. Politically Mr. Will is a Democrat, in religion a Lutheran. CHAPTER XV. by rev. s. h. swaim. Salamonie Township — Early Settlement — First Events — Accidents — Cemeteries — Warren — Churches — Biograph- ical Sketches. SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP is situated in the southeast corner of Huntington County, and is bounded as follows: North by Rock Creek Township; east and south by Wells County; west by Jefferson Township. The earliest history of the southern por- tion of the county is associated with this locality. The township was originally six miles wide, north and south, and sixteen miles long east and west, comprising all the territory now embraced by Jefferson and Wayne Townships; and the reduction of this territory was the first division of Huntington County into town- ships. Salamonie Township, was organized at the February term of the Board of County Commissioners, in 1835. The Com- missioners at their session in March, 1843, reduced the Township to its present limits, a Congressional Township. Early Settlement. — The first settlement was made in Septem- ber, 1833, by Samuel Jones and his family, who came from Highland County, Ohio. At that time its forests contained among their denizens a large number of Indians, who, however, were disposed to be friendly. Fleming Mitchell settled in the township about one week after Mr. Jones. Mr. Jones visited this locality in the spring of 1833, at which time he entered a tract of land embracing the present site of Warren; after which, he re- turned to Ohio, where he remained until September following. His cabin was located near the Fort Wayne and Indianapolis 793 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Eoad. which was then a throughfare extensively traveled by em- igrants and speculators en route for the West; and many of their number enjoyed his hospitalities. Fleming Mitchell's cabin was located near the Salamonie River, one mile above the present site of Warren. Later in 1833, they were joined by James Mor- rison and his family, who settled near Fleming Mitchell, and Noah McGrew and family, who settled on the Salamonie River, three miles below Samuel Jones. Lewis Richards and family came late in the same year, and moved in the house with Flem"- ing Mitchell. This closed the immigration for the year 1833, and there were but few settlements in 1834. Among those who came in that year were L. W. Purviance, Ezekiel Fleming and Peter Wire. Mr. Wire removed to Jefferson Township before the close of that year, and was among the earliest residents of that locality. In 1835-6, the settlement received several additions to its numbers, prominent among whom were Ezekiel Jones, Abel Irwm, William Coolman, Peter Rittenhouse, Simeon Swain, G. 0. Blair and John Baker. In 1837, came George Beard, Aaron Back, Jacob Zent, Simeon Huffman, John Dillon, Enoch Jones and Daniel Stroup. Others who were prominently interested with the early settlement of this township were: Thomas Mcllwain, William Gill, James Lynn, John and George Thomp- son, Ezra C. Thompson, John Frazier, Michael Reveal, Abner Leonard, Messrs. Priddy, Gephart, Bilbee, Foust, Roberts, Wright, CoflBeld, Ruse, Hamilton, Smith, Ewbanks, Johnson, Becker and Sutton. After these accessions, the log-rollings were greatly facilitated. The maxim of "many hands" making " light work " was then fully verified. First Events. — Mary Jane McGrew, daughter of John McGrew, was the first white child born in the Township; she was. born April 5, 1834. The first nuptial ceremony celebrated in in the township was the union of Leander Morrison with Matilda Jones, February 36, 1835. Death first visited the settle- ment on the 20th day of January, 1835, claiming for his victim Michael Reveal, whose remains were interred in the Jones Cemetery. Year by year, his former companions were called from earth, and soon the little cemetery stood thickly dotted with the headstones which proclaimed the last resting place of those whose labors in life were directed toward the development of this region, whose lives ended ere. their early hopes were fully realized. To them is due the honor of initiating a noble work; and though lost to earth, their memory will be forever cherished in the hearts of a grateful posterity, for whose com- forts they endured the privations incident to pioneer life, and struggled to secure the many blessings now enjoyed. The first saw-mill was built by Leander Morrison for Fleming Mitchell, one mile above Warren, and also the first grist-mill, in 1835. John Reid, of Barnstable, Mass., bought the mill and attached bolting in 1837. The first school was taught by John McGrew, one mile below SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 793 Warren, in the old Purviance cabin. David C. Little taught the second school in one of S. Jones' first cabins, donated for school purposes. The first school house was built near the mounds south of Warren. The first district school house was No. 8, on the northeast corner of Section 33. The first brick school house was built in Warren, 1866. Now all the ten school houses in the town- ship are brick. The first frame dwelling and the first frame barn was built by Samuel Jones and are now owned by Mr. F. M. Huff, in Warren. The first brick dwelling was built by Jonathan Foust, on the southeast quarter of Section 35. Accidents. — The following accidental deaths have occurred in this township, perhaps not exactly in the order written : First, John Frasier, killed by the falling of a coon tree when alone in the woods and was found by friends next day frozen in the snow. Mary Little, daughter of Isaac Young, was killed by the rolling of a log of wood on Mr. Sonner's wood pile while the chil- dren were playing. John Shaffer was killed by the bursting of a small cannon. Floyd, son of Jacob McFerson, was drowned while skating on the river. Hannah A., daughter of Sargent Clarke, was drowned in an old shallow well hole. Tommy Leffler was burned in a kettle of hot lard^ causing death. George G., son of J. H. Gillispie, was crushed and drcwned in the Turbine water wheel of David Finkle's mill while sporting in the f orebay under the mill, the wheel running some time with the dead body in the wheel. Samuel L., son of C. N. Irwin, was killed by the falling of a tree. A little daughter of William Crum died from falling in a bucket of hot water. Henry Williamson was injured by a run-away team and died from the same. John Eeid was drowned while bathing in the river and the body was carried some miles down the stream and was found several days after- ward. Charley, son of Wesley Stroup, fell from a sled and died from the injury. James E. Barton W9,s caught in the belt of the Warren Steam-Mill, receiving injuries from which he died. Jacob Zent, Jr., was kicked in the face by a mule, causing death, Dessie, grandchild of A. K. Sutton, Jr., was scalded at the table and died from the effects thereof. George A. Jones was wounded in the neck by a piece of board on the planer and soon died therefrom. John Sharp lost his life under a wagon and saw log at the grade south of the Warren bridge. Mary, wife of John Manning, took a drink from a bottle of strong medicine while visiting at the Methodist Episcopal Parsonage, from which she died before she could be taken home. Alphonzo Miller lost his life from damps in a well. Jack Hiukle was found dead in the river where he had lain all night; marks on his body showed signs of violence. John Laymon committed suicide; whisky was the cause. Frank Beard cut his throat doing a quick and fatal work. In June, 1837, a father started. with his team from his cabin, two miles east of Warren, to find some bread for his family, he 794 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. found it at Charles Goff's, on Blue River, in Henry County, and when he returned home with his supply, he added only §.\00 per day for self and team, and found that his corn cost only $2.25 per bushel. Salt was quite an item to the early settler, as the following statement will show: In the autumn of 1839, Jonathan Foust and Simeon Swaim, agreed to send for a barrel each, and Foust said he would find a wagon and team and Swaim should furnish the driver. Accordingly Swaim's son was sent to Huntington and found Toply Gant had all the salt in the town of Huntington, and just enough to fill the bill of Foust and Swaim (two barrels) at $14.00 each and extra weight added, which made a total of $32.76 for the whole load. The reader can add two laborious days' work for team and driver to find total cost when it was de- livered at the pioneer's cabin door. Pioneer mothers said in those days, "Girls, don't waste the salt, it came from Kanawha." The Mitchell Cemetery. — On the south of the river, opposite the Town of Warren, there is a fine bluff commanding a general view of the surrounding landscape. It is situated in the northeast quarter of Section 30. When white men came to settle in this vicinity in 1833, there was a growth of small timber, two mounds and a line of earth -works that had been thrown up by the Aborigines. The Godfrey trace and the Indian trail also, passed through this noted space, all showing that it had been the site of an Indian town, while the red. man inhabited the great Wabash Valley. A young man by the name of Mitchell Fleming, the son of Ezekiel and Margaret Fleming, died August 8, 1840. He requested before his death, to be buried in one of the " mounds " referred to. His friends fearing the antiquarians might disturb the remains of their friend in a place so noted as an Indian mound, selected a beautiful spot on the bluff near by, and consecrated this place to the burial of the dead. It soon became a popular place of burial, and received the name of " The Mitch- ell Cemetery," owing to the fact that Eli Mitchell executed the deed to the same. " The Good Cemetery." — The first person interred in what is known as the " Good Cemetery," was Michael Beard, who died in the early part of 1834. He was a brother-in-law of Samuel Jones, the pioneer of this township, and the first white person to die in the new settlement. He was interred on the northeast cor- ner of the northwest quarter of section 29. Neighbors for miles around buried their dead in this, the first and only burying ground in the settlement. Mr. Jones sold the tract of land to Benjamin Good, and the cemetery was enlarged and named the " Good Cemetery," although George H. Thompson executed the deed by which the public holds the same . The Thompson Cemetery was for years recognized as a family graveyard. Mr. John H. Thompson, in later days, deeded the same to the use of the public. It is situated near the west line of the northwest quarter of section 13. Permelia, wife of Eben- SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 795 ezer Thompson, who died September 25, 1849, aged twenty-three years, ten months and twenty-three days, was the first interment on the site. The Town of Warren. — "The tract of land on which this is situated was entered by Samuel Jones in 1833. The great high- way known as the Indinapolis & Fort Wayne Eoad was located "near this tract, and the advantages thereby olTered induced him to divide and sell his property in town lots. The first sale of lots occurred January 1, 1837, and the name proposed for the new town was Jonesboro, but it was subsequently ascertained that a postoffice could not be secured under that name, and War- ren was finally accepted as the name by which it should be known. The first store was opened by L. R. Allison, soon after the founding of the town. Dr. S. D. Ayres was appointed Post- master, and Silas Jones, deputy. Dr. S. D. Ayres was also the first resident physician in the town. Soon after a blacksmith shop was established by Edward McPherson, and a cabinet shop by John Shaffer, and the newly-founded town began to wear an aspect of industry and prosperity. Throughout the intervening years, its history has been one of continued progress, and is now one of the most thrifty and enterprising towns in the county." The growth of the village was slow until October 11, 1878, when the first train on the Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad ran into the town, since that date, growth and activity has prevailed. Now there are three dry goods stores, two hardware stores, three drug stores, six grocery stores, two furniture rooms, one of which is an undertaker's office, two jewelry stores, one planing mill, two saw mills, two flouring mills, one good gradea school, one grain elevator, one hotel and one bank doing a good business. There was paid $92,068 for grain, and $44,496 for stock in 1886, and adding a fair estimate for other farm products, it would give $300,000 as the annual business of the place now containing a population of 1,300. Business is growing constantly and surely, and being remote from county towns will ever control a good and independent business of its own. Healthful and pleasant in location, any person desiring a good home, can find it in Warren without going farther west. The Warren News is a spicy and interesting local paper, the only one published in Huntington County, outside of the City of Huntington. Its editor and proprietor is J. W. Surran, who estab- lished the paper in December, 1878. From the first issue the News has been constantly growing in favor with the public, and is now one of the most successful papers ia the county. In the winter of 1881, the ofiice was entirely destroyed by fire, but Phoenix like, the paper arose from its own ashes, and in a short time was again making its weekly visits to subscribers. The paper is a seven column folio and is devoted to the interests of Warren specially, and the giving of news generally. It has never espoused the cause of any political party, but is thoroughly inde- pendent, advocating such measures as the editor deems right and 796 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. condemning what is thought to be against public interest. The success of the paper is entirely due to the energy and ability of Mr. Surran, its founder and constant editor and manager. Masonic. — King Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 246, Warren, Indiana, was organized to work under a dispensation, November 2, 1858. The following Masons were present: Brothers Daniel Palmer, Charley Wayne, G. W. Good, S. L. Good, Noah McGrew, John Carll, I. F. Good, John D. Pulse, L. L. Provines, David Witmer, A. D. Frame, and I. McZadden. The organization was completed with the following oflBcers: Daniel Palmer, W. M.; Charles Wayne, S. W.; George W. Good. J. W.; S. L. Good,S. B.,pro tern.; J. D. Pulse, J. D.; L. L. Provires, Treasurer; A. D. Frame, Secre- tary; D. Witmer, Tyler. They worked under a di&penfation un- til March 25, 1859, when they received their charter. The follow- ing members who aided in organizing the lodge are still members: Daniel Palmer, Charles Maynes, S. L. Good, J. D. Pulse, and David Witmer. The first member initiated after the charter was re- ceived was James E. Bennett, on April 5, 1859. The member- ship of the Lodge is seventy, and at this date, March 1, 1887, the following officers have charge: -S. A. Pulse, W. M.; Albert Cole, S. W.; George E. Thompson, J. W.; G. H. Thompson, Treasurer; Thomas Ruggles, Secretary; Charles H. Good, S. D.; L. S. Jones, J. D.; David Witmer, Tyler. The lodge owns what is known as the Masonic Cemetery, near "Warren." I' Salamonie Lodge, No. 392, 1. O. 0. F., was organized May 24, 1872. The charter members were; B. F. Webb, S. C. Smith, Joseph Bardsley, Hiram Brown, and John W. Alexander. The follow- ing officers elected and installed were: A. C. Smith, N. G.; J. W. Alexander, V. G.; T. J. Lafollett, Recording Secretary; A. W. Meyers, Treasurer; Joseph Elder, Bascher; B. F. Webb, Con- ductor; Joseph Bardsley, Outside Guardian; H. J. Coles, Inside Guardian; Deputy Grand Master, A. J. Miles, was installing officer on the night of March 27, 1872. Joseph Elder, Stephen Coles, J. W. Ware, H. J. Coles, were initiated, they being the first members to "ride the goat." One charter member is yet in the lodge, Joseph Bardsley. The present membership of the lodge is seventy-five. The present value of lodge property is about $3,000. The lodge is prospering, and amount expended during the past year in the way of benefits and relief to widows and orphans, was $327, and total expenses amounted to $429 for the past 5 ear. Monroe Laymon Post, No. 211, G. A. B., Department of In- diana, was organized August 2, 1883, and was mustered by Maj. S. H. Shearer, Post Commander "James E. Slack Post," No. 137, August 3d, 1883. The charter members were: Adam Foust, Hi- ram Brown, James M. Foster, Edmon M. Brown, Jacob G. Young, William F. Swaim, Allen Christman, Francis M. Huff, E. A. Col- lins, John H. Manning, Amos E: Sutton, Cicero Welch. Their first elected officers were: P. C, Hiram Brown; S. V. C, James M. Foster; J. V. C, Allen Christman; Chaplain, John H. Man- SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 797 ning; 0. D., Jacob G. Young; O. G., Amos E. Sutton; Surgeon, Joseph Hamilton; Q. M., F. M. Huff. Total number mustered to present date, January 28, 1883. is sixty-four. Sons of Veterans. — Bennett Camp, No. 36, was organized April 7tli, 1886. The charter members were: John H. Goss, Charles S. Smethurst, S. F. Shumaker, J. L. Erwin, E. A. Collins (G. A. R), John W. Wall, A. E. Swaim, E. E. Brown, J. M. Brown, William H. Sutton, Constantine Snider, H. K. Sickafoos. Its oflBcers are: John H. Goss, Captain; E. E. Brown, 1st Lieutenant; J. M. Brown, Second Lieutenant. Number mustered to date, fifteen. Buckeye, on the railroad, four miles east of Warren. L. B. Mines and Samuel Jones are the proprietors. It has a store and postoffice, tile factory smd warehouse, with a fair grain trade. Boehmer, situated where the railroad crosses the county --line east, has a store, postoffice and blacksmith shop. Jacob Zent is proprietor. Plum Tree is on the north line of the township on the Center road, has a store, postoffice, saw mill, tile factory and two churches. It is a quiet and pleasant home for its moral and rehgious people. It is about equally divided by the township line. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — In September, 1838, Rev. Elza Lank, of Economy, Wayne Co., Ind., preached in James Morrison's barn, and at the close of the services he informed the people that Conference was so near that he could not leave an appointment, but that if any one would open their house to a Methodist missionary, he would take the name, and Conference would send them a preacher. Mrs. Nancy Swaim replied that he might take the name of Simeon Swaim and in due time Rev. G. W. Bowers came, and like Philip, preached Christ unto the people. This was the beginning of regular ministerial services in the township, and resulted in the formation of the first class or rehgious society in the Township. Early in the year 1839, the organization was small, embracing seven members: Nancy Swaim, John Dillon, Hester Jones, Elizabeth Swaim, Hannah Ewart, Jane Ewart, Elizabeth Irwin, Sr., only two of whom sur- vive at this date, Mrs. Jane Ewart, and Mrs. Elizabeth (Swaim) Irwin. Many souls their race have run, Never more to meet us here; Fixed in an eternal state, They have done with all below, We a little longer wait, But how little — none can know. This society formed in the house of Simeon and Nancy Swaim increased in numbers, and some years later several members organized a class in the Town of Warren, under the leadership of Jason Brown, and eventually the Widow Swaim, who had entertained more ministers of Christ at her humble dwelling than any other lady in the community removed her ,membership 798 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. with the entire class to Warren. The following named ministers have served the church as regular pastors: Elza Lank, G. W. Bowser, Seth Smith, Joseph Ockerman, Henry H. Badlev, George Guild, James Sparr, Ancil Beach, Jehu 0. Medsker, John W. Bradshaw, Shadrack Elliott, Samuel K. Young, Moses Marks, Madison E. Hansley, Michael Cooper, Benjamin F. Bowman, Henry Howe, John Foster, David J. Starr (the boy preacher), Benjamin S. Macham, James Eedkey, William H. Metcalf, Charles W. Timmons, Richard A. Newton, William T. Smith, Orville P. Boyden, S. H. Swaira, George Newton, Alpheus J. Leneliyn, Thomas Sells, Silas T. Stout, John H. Payton, John V. Gilbert, Harry C. Galbraith, Joseph Morrows, John M. Brown, John H. McMahon, John W. Miller, John T. Fetro, John B. Allman, Benneville Sawyer. These forty-one ministers have served a total pastoral term of forty-eight years^ with only one vacancy of six months. Several of them labored two years, and one served acceptably three years. Rev. Allman. For the same term of nearly half a century the following presiding elders have served on this circuit, and administered the sacraments of the church. Robert Burns, Burris Westlake, Philip May, Will- iam. H. Good, George M. Beswick, Charles Holliday, G. W. Bowers, 0. V. Lemon, J. B. Birt, H. N. Barns, Williamm S. Birch, N. H. Philips, J. W. Welsh, W. J. Viguo, J. Greer, sixteen in all, many of whom have passed away. A few remain to labor in the Master's viny ard, and others passed labor are await- ing their reward above. In the year 1856, the church bought property in the town of Warren, of Mr. L. C. Ewart, embracing two lots, and the present church was erected on them, Jason Brown beings the prime manager and principal spirit in the erecting and finishing the house in 1860, at a cost of $1,200. In 1814, a class was formed at the house of Adam Foust, near the southeast corner of the township. The following persons were enrolled in that society: Adam Foust, Sarah Foust, John Foust Mary Foust, Jonathan Foust, Nancy Foust, William Richards and Rachel Richards; two of the oldest people in the community at this date, 1887, are Jonathan and Nancy Foust, who, are still devout members of the church. In 1872, they succeeded in erecting a house of worship known as the Salem Methodist Episcopal Church at a cost of $1,400. First Christian Church of Warren. — This church was or- ganized October 23d, 1871, by Elders D. W. Fowler and George Abbott. First Deacons: John Shaw and Daniel Mossburg; Franklin Shaffer, Church Clerk, and D. W. Fowler, Pastor. First Trustees were appointed January 5th, 1874, were Silas Jones, S. L. Good and Robert Sprowl. On the 24th of March, 1877, the church selected grounds to build a church 38x62 feet, at an estimated cost of $3,000. The church was dedicated June, 1879, by Bros. B. H. Christman and Elder David Hida. The church is under the control of the Trustees and Committee on SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 799 Finance, whose business it is to employ the pastor and settle all accounts against the church. The first Committee on Finance -were S. L. Good, Elisha Christman and Silas Jones. The church organized a Sunday School in 1873, and has continued to the present time. Ministers who have labored here since its organi- zation, are D. W. Fowler, David Hida, J ames Atchison, Elder Ryker, T. C. Diltz, John L. Puckett and William Perdue. It has been said that George Abbott organized a church at the old school house near the river in 1858, and preached at Warren at times during the war. West Union Baptist Church. — Early in 1838, Rev. Jacob Lay- mon, a Baptist minister of Clinton County, Ohio, visited his son, John Laymon, two miles below Warren, on the Salamonie River, and while on that visit preached five sermons, one at his son's house, two at the dwelling of Samuel Jones, a funeral sermon at Ezekiel Jones', and one sermon at the residence of Noah McGrew. The religious services held by Uncle Jacob Laymon were the first ever held in the township. There was no organization at that time. In August, 1841, Rev. Neal labored to affect- an organiza- tion, but without success. The organization of " The West Union Regular Baptist Church," took place May 3, 1845. Revs. Robert Tisdale and J. B . Allen were the officiating ministers. Aaron Rittenhouse, Jacob Sowers, Peter Bonewits, David G. Smith, John Sowers, Isaac Goodin, Simon Rittenhouse, Thomas Crakes, Sarah Rittenhouse, Ruth Sowers, Nancy Bonewits, Mary Smith, Percis Sowers, Sarah A. Goodin, and Rebecca Rittenhouse, fif- teen persons in all, constituted the first and only Baptist church in the township. This house of worship lies on the north line of the township, in Section 6, and was built in 1855 at a cost of $600. The site was deeded to the church by John Morgan, Sr., and con- stitutes what is known as the " West Union Cemetery," The -wife and infant son of Rev. Thomas Hubbartt were the first in- terred, in July, 1849. The following ministers have served as regular pastors: Abel Johnson, J. H. Dunlap, S. Goodin, C. B. Kendall. W. H. T. Pardue, C. A. Clark, R. C. Childs, V. O. Frits, Washington Walters and A. M. Parmenter. The Christian Church at " Plum Tree." — Rev. Hallett Barber visited this township and organized a society of six members on July 23, 1840. Their names were: Peter Rittenhouse, Sr., Mar- garet Rittenhouse, Lavina Marshal, Margaret Christman, Andrew Y. Rittenhouse and Nathaniel Rittenhouse. Their number was increased to eleven during the next year by the accession of Mary Rittenhouse, Thomas J. Marshal, Catharine Marshal, Robert Wooster and Mrs. Wooster. The following ministers have officiated in the church smce its organization by Rev. H. Barber: Isaac Johnson, James Greer, George Hubbartt, Thomas Hubbartt, Ephraim Hammond, Phineas Roberts, Samuel Milner, A. W. Sanford, A. Tabler, M. McDonald, Amon Cook, Reed, Minnich, J. Dipboy, Firman Van Ness, Wilham Hefflin, W. C. Kimble, William McCurg, Gaskel Parker, 800 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, C. V. Strickland. This society maintained its organization and increased in numbers until it built a house of worship at Plum Tree in 1871, costing $1,000. And there has been a Sunday School kept up at the same most of the time since the church was built. Presbyterian Church of Warren. — As early as 1848 Revs. Wright and Barnet, of the Presbyterian Church, preached in Warren, and were followed by Rev. Callahan, who organized a church, consisting of seven members, as follows: David Little, Sr., Wm. Coolman, Mary Ann Coolman, George Giphart, Elizabeth Giphart, James McKee, Lavina McKee. These de- termined people were the first to build a house of worship in the township, Mr. Jones donating an eligible lot in Warren for the purpose in 1850. The house cost them 1600. After Rev. Calla- han's service came Revs. Glenn, David Morrow, Maine, Gray and Rev. James McCrea. Their society was increased by the Shadles, Roberts, Felters and McCrums. Nearly all the members live quite a distance from town, but bad roads or inclement weather seldom kept Presbyterians from church. St. Paul Lutheran Church of '• Warren." — The present church property was purchased April 28, 1880, of John Morgan. The church had been built some years before by the Universalists but that organization was disbanded. The first preacher we have any account of was Rev. J. D. Nunemacher, who came to Warren to preach in June, 1866. Those ministers who have labored here since were Rev. Schillinger, Rev. O. S. Oglesby, Rev. George S. Cooperrider, who lives in Huntington and still officiates. United Brethren Church. — The Annual Conference of the United Brethren in Christ, at Dublin, Ind.,' August, 1848, sent Rev. J. T. Vardeman and B. R. B. Holcome, on the Salamonie Mission, and they established a preaching place at Salamonie Center, and in 1851, there was organized a society of eight mem- bers, as follows: Joseph and Rosanna Ewbank, Henry and Anna Ewbank, William and Betsy Williamson, and Craven and Mary Thrailfeill. They have kept up their church organization and religious services until the present time. The following is be- lieved to be a correct list of the names of their ministers: Rev. Jesse Bright, William Hall, Daniel Storer, John R. Brown, R. B. Beaty, A. B. Thorp, W. W. Hanway, William C. Ketnes, Milton Wright, John E. Rutherford, A. E. Evans, Thomas Evans, A. Carroll, C. R. Paddock, H. Floyd, A. Rust, J. M. Cook, M. L. Baily, J. McNew, S. B. Ervin, S. Bias, J. W. Kabrich,C. Smith, F. M. Moore, J. Y. Demunbrun, W. C. Day and I. M. Thorp. Zion Church, a frame building 35x45, situated on the north- west corner of Section 33, was built in the year 1873, at a cost of $1,350. Sabbath School has been maintained most of the time since at the above church with good attendance. SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 801 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. J. W. ANDREW, a prominent grocer of Warren, Indiana, is a native of Clinton County, Ohio, born March 8, 1847. His parents were Calvin and Susan (Shields) Andrew. The former a natiVe of North Carolina, leaving that State with his parents, James and Elizabeth Andrew, when quite young, and emigrat- ing to Clinton County, Ohio, where he learned the blacksmith's trade which he followed for a number of years. The latter was born in Clinton County, Ohio, March 13,1822, and died in Sala- monie Township, August 11, 1875. Our subject accompanied them to this county in 1854. He aided them in developing their farm here and remained at home until the age of 21. By attend- ing the district schools, he received a fair education. Shortly af- ter he began to do for himself, he engaged with Whitson Bros., of Warren, to learn the harness and saddling trade, and re- mained with this firm two years, when owing to ill health, he was compelled to abandon his trade, and turn his attention to something else. He engaged as a clerk in J. M. Hiltebrand & Go's, general merchandise store, and followed this occupation un- til 1875, when he formed a partnership with J. Irwin, in the grocery business, which lasted until 1881, when he disposed of his interest to Mr. Irwin, and immediately purchased the "Shafer" stock of groceries and queens ware, and opened up business on his own responsibility. On September 17, 1871, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E. Irwin, daughter of Jonathan and Asenath Irwin, old and respected residents of this township. This union was blessed with four children, namely, Eosa, Frank F., Cora and Grace, all of whom are living at this writing. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Andrew is an active worker in the I. 0. 0. P., and P. & A. M. orders, and has always upheld the principles of the Republican party, in which he has always worked for the success of its standard bearers. When he began working by the day in " Warren " first at the harness business and afterward as a clerk, he was penniless, but by carefully saving his earnings, was enabled in a few years to engage in business for himself. By his fair dealing he has built up a lucra- tive trade, which is increasing yearly. On October 31st, 1878, he was appointed by the American Express Company as their agent at Warren, which position he holds to-day. HIRAM BROWN, a leading furniture dealer of Warren, and one of the few pioneers left to tell the story of life in the woods on the Salamonie, was born in Cumberland County, N. J., Febru- ary 17, 1829, His parents were Jason and Mary (Black) Brown, both natives of l^ew Jersey. The former of English and the latter of Irish descent. When Hiram was two years of age his 802 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. parents emigrated from New Jersey to Ohio, crossing the moun- tains to Pittsburg, Penn., with a team. There his father pur- chased a flat boat, put his family and goods into it, and floated down the Ohio Elver, to Cincinnati, Ohio. From thence he moved to Franklin County, Ind. This was in 1831, and in 1837 he removed his family to Grant County, this 8tate, and in 1841, he came to Huntington County, and located in Salamonie Town- ship. Here Hiram spent his boyhood and youth amid the wild scenes of pioneer days. Owing to the scarcity of schools he only received a fair education. When fifteen years of age he was en- gaged to carry the mail between Huntington and Muncie, and at sixteen was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade, which he completed in 1848, and followed that occupation for a number of years. On October 9, 1853, he was married to Mary Jane McGrew, the daughter of Noah, and Elizabeth (Thompson) McGrew. Mary J. was the first white child born in Salamonie Township, her birth occurring April 5, 1834. Her entire life has been spent here, and many are the changes she has witnessed. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had born to them five children, two infants who died without naming, Alda M., Ira. F. and Hiram J. On December 4, 1863, Mr. Brown answered to his country's call by enlisting in Company A, Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry, under command of Capt. Isaac DeLong. His company was ordered to join the Army of the Cumberland, thence to Mobile, and took part in the following engagements: the Battle of Nashville, Siege of Mobile. In 1874, he engaged in the furniture and undertak- ing business in Warren, and by honest and fair dealing, has built up a thriving business. He began life empty handed and by careful management has accumulated considerable property. The fire fiend visited him in 1881, and wiped out about $4,000 worth of property for the firm, but he immediately rebuilt and is once more on the road to prosperity. His esteemed wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the F. & A. M. order and also a member of Monroe Laymon Post, No. 211, G. A. R. He advocates the principles of the Eepublican party, and is at present Commander of Monroe Laymon Post, No. 211, G. A. R. WILLIAM CHOPSON, one of the pioneers of Salamonie Township, and at present a resident of Warren, was born in Union County, Penn., November 18, 1829. His parents were George and Elizabeth (Derbyshire) Chopson, natives of Pennsyl- vania, the former of German and the latter of Irish descent. They were united in raarriage about 1824. They emigrated to Guernsey County, Ohio, about 1830, and from thence to Clinton County, Ohio, and here they resided until death; the latter was called away in April, 1840, in Wilmington, Ohio; the former died in December, 1868, at Westboro, Ohio. At the age of seven we find William with his parents in Clinton County, Ohio. He was reared amid the hardships of farm life, and owing to the limited SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 803 advantages for receiving an education, he was not fortunate in getting a good education. It might be said that "William began doing for himself at the age of twelve, and has since "paddled his own canoe." He first hired to a neighbor, contracting with him to work one year for 610 and three months' schooling. The next year his employer said as he had worked well he would pay him $12 and three months' schooling and board. The next year he worked eight months for $36, losing four days' time and spent $4.50 in money, leaving 831.50 to his credit. He continued to work out until he was twenty years of age, and the most he ever received for a month's work was $13 and board. At the age of twenty he had by carefully sa,ving his earnings laid up some money and he now resolved to enter a graded school at Mar- tinsville, Ohio. He remained in that institution about one year, and by diligent study enabled himself to secure a first-class li- cense for teaching. In the fall of '50, he and his step-brother, M. B. Pennington, bade good-bye to relatives and friends and turned their faces westward, and in September of '50, they ar- rived within three miles of "Warren, southeast, just over the line in "Wells County, there they both obtained schools and im- mediately began teaching. "William taught what was known as the Jones School, two terms in succession, in the summer of '51 he taught the Zent School, then in the fall of '61 he again taughi in the Jones district. At the close of this term of school or January 29, 1852, be was united in marriage with Ruth C. Swaim, daughter of Simeon and Nancy Swaim, natives of Randolph County, N. C, where Ruth was born June 14, 1833, and when an infant or in the fall of 1833, her parents emigrated to Preble County, Ohio, and thence to this county. Here she has spent the greater part of her life, and received a fair education for that day. In August, of '52, Mr. Chopson was engaged to teach what was known as the ""Wickersham" School in Grant County, Ind., after which he returned to Huntington County and taught the Zent School once more. During the summers of '53 and '54 he engaged in making brick and farming, teaching dur- ing the winter. In the spring of '55, he put his money, about $500, into dry goods and groceries and opened up a general store in Warren. In the winter of '57 he sold his stock of goods and invested his money in a farm, purchasing ninety-five acres, in Jackson Township, in "Wells County, Ind. On this farm he moved in March, 1858, and continued to reside there until 1863, when he rented his farm and removed to "Warren, where he has resided ever since, his attention being principally directed to dealing in and raising stock. Mr. and Mrs. Chopson are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he has up- held the principles of the Republican party for the last thirty years, and has held the position of Township Trustee. ELISHA CHRISTMAN.— The Christman family are of Ger- man origin. About 1700, three brothers left Germany for America, 804 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. One settled in Pennsylvania, one in Virginia, and the othei- in North Carolina. The last had a son named Peter Christman, who came to Ohio and settled in Warren County, about 1800. There he resided until his death. Farming was his adopted pro- fession, but as he was a devout member of the Lutheran Church and was well educated he spent a great deal of time in preach- ing and it is undecided whether it was he or Rev. Mr. Findlay that preached the first Protestant sermon in the State. He was blessed with a large family, one of whom was David Christman, who was born January 6, 1776, in Guilford County, N. C, where he was reared. His early education was good, especially in Ger- man. He was thirty years old when he accompanied his parents to Warren County, Ohio. There he was married in 1 809, to Ann M. Fall, daughter of Christian and Mary (Witt) Fall, natives of North Carolina. The paternal ancestors of Ann M. took part in the Revolutionary War. This union was blessed with seven chil- dren: Jehu, Jesse, Elisha, Mary, Ezekiel, James, John W., of whom Elisha and James are the only survivors at this date. David Christman took part in the War of 1813. He passed away in 1851. Prior to this, or in 1849, his wife died with the cholera, at Eaton, Ohio. Elisha Christman, one of the pioneers of Sala- monie, was born in Preble Co., Ohio, October 6, 1815. As stated, his parents were David and Ann M. (Fall) Christman. He spent his boyhood and youth on a farm. He attended school but very little and the most of his education was obtained from instruc- tion from his mother. In mathematics he always excelled, and undoubtedly if he had been instructed properly would have made a scientific mathematician. At the age of fifteen he began to do for himself. In ] 833 he assisted his brother John in moving to the present site of Peru. This was then a wilderness. He returned to Ohio and 1836 he went to Elkhart County, Ind., and entered 160 acres of wild land and during the fall of 1836 came to Salamonie Township and traded his 160 acres in Elkhart County to Louis Provines for seventy- eight and one-half acres near Warren. From this time on he has made this county his home. On November 1, 1837, he was married to Margaret Reed, daughter of Isaac and Sarah (McGriff ) Reed, natives of Kentucky. Margaret was born June 33, 1819, in Montgomery County, Ohio. At the age of three years her parents removed to Preble County, where she was raised. This union was blessed with seven chil- dren: Julia A., John D., Allen R., Mary A., Jasper N., James O. and Sarah A., of whom John D. and Jasper N. are deceased. The former lost his life while defending his country at the battle of Matamora, Miss. The latter died at Andersonville Prison, where he was confined for eleven months. Mr. and Mrs. C. are members of the Christian Church. Politically Mr. C. is a staunch Republican. He cast his first ballot for Martin Van Buren, and continued to vote the Democratic ticket until Lincoln's nomina- tion, when he changed. He had three sons in the late war, two of whom were sacrificed on their country's altar. The other is SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 807 a prominent citizen of Warren. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace and was elected Land Appraiser of Huntington County in 1864. He began life a poor man and to-day owns a comfortable home near Warren on the Salamonie. JAMES E. CHRISTY, dealer in harness, saddles, buggies, etc., Warren, Indiana, was born in Jackson Township, this county, December 3, 1850; his parents were James P. and Rosanah K. (Kirkpatric) Christy. The former a native Pennsylviana, and the latter of Ohio. James spent his early life in this county, and received a fair education. At the age of 19 he was apprenticed to learn the harness and saddlery trade, after completing which, he engaged in business for himself, locating here in 1875. On November 8, 1876, he was married to Miss Mary Finkle, daughter of David and Jane Finkle, old residents of Warren. Mrs. Christy was born in Grant County, this State, but came with her parents to Warren, when quite young. They had born to them four children: Charles S., Nellie, Lillie and Fred, of whom Charles S. was called away when about two years of age, and ■ Fred who died December 36, 1886. Our subject is a member of the I. 0. 0. P. order, in good standing, and upholds the principles of the Republican party. During his youth he worked as a day laborer, and saved his money, and when he had accumulated a sufficient sum, he engaged in business, and to day owns one of the best equipped establishments in Huntington County. By strict attention to business he has built up a good trade. He also owns a half interest in the boot and shoe firm of Elliott and Christy. He is young man of ability and calculated to succeed in business. LEMUEL COLBERT, who has been a resident of this town- ship since February, 1863, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, November 15, 1842. His parents were George and Serenia (Chap- man) Colbert, the former a native of Virginia, of Irish descent. He emigrated to Wells County in 1844, and still resides on the tract of land he first settled on. Our subject spent his young life on his father's farm, receiving a fair education. At the age of nineteen he began to do for himself, and on February 6, 1862, he was united in marriage with Miss Mahala M. Swaim, daugh- ter of Samuel H. and Elizabeth Swaim, whose biographies appear in this volume. She was born July 11, 1845. This union was blessed with two children, Mary E., and Samuel E,, both of whom are living. Mrs. Colbert was called away February 27, 1869. She had united with the Methodist Episcopal Church some years before her death, and died a Christian women. Mr. Colbert was again married March 3, 1870, to Margaret Coolman, daughter of William and Mary A. (McKee) Coolman. She was born in this county September 4, 1846. Her entire life has been spent in this county. Her parents were among the pioneers of this county, but have passed away. This union was blessed with three chil- 29 808 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. dren: William C, Daniel L., and Lena L., all of whom are living at this writing. Mr. and Mrs. Colbert are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically Mr. Colbert is a Repub- lican, and takes an active interest in the welfare of his party. He began life a farmer boy on twenty acres of land, and has earned every dollar he is worth to-day by hard and earnest toil. He has been fairly successful in life. He in youth was taught the art of farming, and to-day can be classed among Salamonie's most successful farmers. He now owns 240 acres of fine tillable land in Section 3. His improvements are first-class. DAVID L. ELLIOTT, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Salamonie Township,",was born in Randolph County, N. C, Janu- ary 21, 1835. His parents were John and Cynthia (Swaim) EUiott, both of whom were natives of IsTorth Carolina. When David was two years of age his father died leaving a widowed mother and four children to mourn the loss. They were: Henry B., Edward N., David L., and Mary A. Mrs. Elliott managed to care for her family and kept the children together until her death which occurred in June, 1844. The family was now left orphans and were compelled to face the ups and downs of an unfriendly world. During the fall of 1844, their Aunt Betsey Stanton, a widow lady with a large family, resolved to remove with her family- to Huntington County, Ind., where her brother Simeon Swaim resided, and invited David and his brothers and sister to to accompany her. They gladly accepted the invitation. The Widow Stanton's reasons for leaving her native State was the curse of slavery and the limited educational advantages offered to her children. David was now nine years of age, he had attended three short terms of school. When he arrived in this county he soon found employment with the venerable Samuel Swaim. In 1847, George Gephart engaged his services, agreeing to pay him $120, and fit him out with a horse, saddle, and bridle, and a good suit of clothes, if David would remain with him until he was twenty- one years of age. This oflfer our subject accepted. He had the privilege of attending the district schools during the winter; and by the time he arrived at his majority, his education was sufficient to enable him to teach in our common schools, and taught two terms in District No. 8, during the fall and winter of 1857-58. During the fall of 1859, he concluded to try the Sunny- South, and located in Yazoo City, Miss., and obtained employment at carpentering. In those days it was rather uncomfortable for a northern man, and especially an anti-slavery man, to live and express his opinions very freely in the State of Mississippi. David stood his ground until the Confederates began to enlist men for the southern cause, when he lost no time in getting back to " Yankey-dom." He arrived at his brother Edward's, in Lafayette, this State, about the last of March, 1861, and was visit- ing him when President Lincoln's first call for Volunteers was issued. David responded, and on the 18th of April, 1861, enlisted SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 809 in Company E, Tenth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, commanded by Captain William Taylor; his term of enlistment was for tbree months. They were ordered to West Virginia, and took part in the battle of Rich Mountain. In August, 1861, he received an. honorable discharge and returned to Lafayette. During ther winter of 1861-62, he came to Huntington County, and on the first- day of August, 1862, he entlisted in Company E, Seventy-fifth- Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, commanded by Capt. David H. Wall. About the 18th of August, they left Indianapolis for" Louisville, Ky.; here he was placed in the department of the Cum-- berland under the immediate, command of Gen. Baell. They were transferred from one . weak point to another and did nof participate in any hard fought engagements until the battle of "Hoover's Gap" in June, 1S6:1 After this, Mr. Elliott was in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission-Ridge. Resacca, Buzzard Roost, Dalton, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jones- boro. Savannah, Goldsboro, Bentonville, and Smithfield, N. C. He was with Gen. W. T. Sherman during his entire march to the sea and back to Washington. Strange to say, during all these hard faught battles he received but one slight wound, and that in the battle of Chickamauga. Oa June 8, 1865, he received an hon- orable discharge and was mustered out in the rank of Captain,, which position he was promoted to at Murfreesboro, Tenn., in 1863, He enlisted as a private, was soon appointed Orderly-Sergeant, and in a short time received the appointment of Second Lieutenant, and as stated above, received the appointment as Captain of Company E, Seventy-fifth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, which position he held until the close of the war. After his discharge, he returned to Huntington County, and engaged in farming in Salamonie Township. On August 23, 1865, he was married to Miss Martha A. Morrison daughter of Leander and Matilda Morrison, who were among the pioneer settlers of this township. Martha was born in Salamonie Township, May 30, 1842; this union has been blessed with four children: George 0., Olarenoe R., Alice B., and Mary M., all of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Elliott are members of the United Brethren Church in which they have been faithful workers for over twenty years. Politi- cally Mr. Elliott is a Republican, and has served as Justice of the Peace for four years. Daring the spring election of 1886, he was elected Township Assessor, which position he now holds. JEROME ELLIOTT, of the firm of Elliott & Christy, dealers- in boots and shoes, Warren, Ind., is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Warren, June 24, 1852. His parents were Mar- tin and Clarissa (Hawkins) Elliott, the former a native of Ken- tucky, and the latter of Wabash County, Ind. Our subject has spent his entire life here, and has always made Warren his home. He received a fair education in youth, and at the age of seven- teen was apprenticed to learn the boot and shoe trade. After completing which, he engaged in the business in Warren.. 810 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. On March 24, 1877, he was married to Miss Asenath A. Irwin, daughter of Jonathan and Asenath Irwin, whose history appears in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Elliott were blessed with four children: Jennie, Fred A., Edwin B., and Burr, of whom Jennie was called away when about two years of age. Mr. Elliott is a member of the Christian Church, and has always been a Repub- lican. He began life at the bottom of the ladder, and has, by strict attention to business, accumulated some wealth. At pres- ent writing his store is stocked with a first-class assortment of all kinds of leather and rubber goods found in any first-class establishment. He is respected by all who know him and is succeeding well in his business. JOSEPH EUBANK, for thirty-five years a prominent resi- dent of Salamonie Township, was born in Preble County, Ohio, October 8, 1830. His parents were Hezekiah and Christena (Devidoff) Eubank, natives of Virginia, the former of English and the latter of Swiss descent. They were married in Virginia about 1810, and were blessed with eleven children, seven boys and four girls: John, Sarah, Henry, Thomas, Mary, Joseph, Jacob, Stephen, Elizabeth, Rebecca and Hezekiah. About 1815, Mr. Eubank emigrated to Highland County, Ohio, but did not reside there long, when he removed to Preble County. In 1820 he removed to Montgomery County, Ohio, and there resided until the death of his loving wife, who was called away in 1820. Mr. Eubank ended his days in this township in 1868, at the ad- vanced age of eighty eight years. They were members of the United Brethren Church, with - which they had been united for a number of years. Joseph Eubank, the subject of this sketch, spent his boyhood and youth on his father's farm in Montgomery County, Ohio. His education was fair for that day of log school house s. At the age of nineteen he turned his attention to brick laying and masonry, and occasionally followed this trade for over thirty years. Joseph began doing for himself at an early age and had to depend upon his own labors for his start in life. He was always ready and willing to work at anything he could make an honest dollar at. On May 1(5, 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Rosanah Rohrer, daughter of Christian and Rachel (Deaner) Rohrer, natives of Maryland, of German des- cent. Rosanah was born in Washington County, Maryland, November 22, 1822; her parents moved to Ohio when she was about twelve years old. They first settled in Pickaway County, thence to Preble County, where she grew to womanhood. This union was blessed with eleven children: Aaron, David, William, Rachel, Henry, Catharine, Jane, John, Marietta, Elizabeth, Ida, of whom William and Rachel are deceased. The other children are grown to miaturity, married and living in Ohio, Indiana and Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Eubank are members of the United Brethren Church with which they have been identified nearly fifty years. Politically he is a Republican, and upholds the SALA.MONIB TOWNSHIP. 811 principles of that party. He began life a poor boy working by days for his living. Shortly after his marriage he purchased ten acres of ground in Darke County, Ohio; there he resided until 1851, when he removed to Section 16, Salamonie Township, where he had purchased eighty acres of wild land. He put up a log cabin and moved into it, and began to clear up a home, and by hard work and careful management he succeeded well. JONATHAN F0U3T, for forty-seven years a resident of Sal- amonie Township, was born to Jacob and Mary L. Foust, in West- moreland County, Penn., October 15, 1803. In 1817 he bade his friends adieu and started on foot to Highland County, Ohio. There he obtained employment and was married to Anna Shearer. This union was blessed with nine children, namely: John, Mary, Andrew, Jacob, Sarah, Elizabeth, Samuel and Adam, of whom Andrew and Elizabeth are deceased. In 1838 he came to Sala- monie Township, and entered 160 acres of land in Section 35. He returned to Ohio, and in the fall of 1839 moved his family to this "new western country." Aided by a loving wife and family they soon had a comfortable honae cleared out of the forest. Mr. Foust is now eighty-four years of age and his venerable wife is eighty- three. It is seldom the biographer meets such an aged couple. They are nearing the end of a long and useful life, and their children can point with pride to their honorable record. They have been united with the Methodist Episcopal Church forty-five years. Up to the war Mr. Foust advocated the princi- ples of the Democratic party, but since then has been a staunch Republican. What he has to-day he has made by hard and dili- gent toil. He has been very liberal with his family. ADAM FOUST, the subject of this sketch, was born in this Township, June 20, 1845. His parents were Jonathan and Anna (Shafer) Foust, whose biography appears above. Here he was reared on his father's farm, receiving a good education. He com- pleted his studies in the graded school at BlufEton, Ind., and taught several terms of school in this and Wells County. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in Company E, Seventy-Fifth Regi- ment, Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. David H. Wall. He was placed in the Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Gen. George H. Thomas, and took part in the following noted battles: Chickamauga, where he was wounded; Mission Ridge, Buzzard Roost, Dalton, Resacca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Savannah, Goldsboro, Bentonville and Smith- field. He accompanied Sherman on his March to the Sea, and remained with him until the grand review in Washington. Dur- ing the engagement at Chickamauga he was wounded in the face; and during the fight at Kenesaw Mountain a minnie ball struck his cartridge-box, but did not penetrate through it. On June 8, 1865, he was mustered out of the service, and on the 17th day of June was discharged at Indianapolis, and returned home. 813 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. He again commenced farming, which he has followed ever since. On October 20, 1870, he was married to Emily C. King, daughter of Gabriel H. and Susan (Mendenhall) King. Emily was born in Wells County, Ind., November 7, 1851, where she was raised. This union was blessed with five children: Clara A., Charles H., William E., Francis E., who died in infancy, and Gracie Pearl. Mr. and Mrs. Foust are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member of Monroe Laymon Post, No. 311. He owns a residence property in Warren, also a fine farm in Wells County. Politically he is a staunch Eepublican, and gen- •erally takes an active interest in the welfare of his party. In 1884 he was chosen by his party as their candidate for Represen- tative from this county; but owing to a large majority to over- come, he was defeated; however he ran ahead of his ticket thirty-five in this county, and was only defeated by seventy votes. He is one of the rising young men of the county. SAMUEL L. GOOD, partner in the banking firm of Good & Thompson, is a native of Perry County, Ohio, where he was born October 4, 1834. His parents were Benjamin and Nancy (Griffith) Good, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Virginia. On September 1st, 1847, they landed in Warren and purchased a part of the Jones tract of land in Section 29, and adjoining the town plat. Upon this they moved and continued to reside until their deatl^is. Samuel was thirteen years of age when his parents came to this county, and owing to the scarcity of schools, it required a great effort on the part of a student to get much of an education. At the age of seventeen Samuel obtained a position as a clerk in J. F. Good & Bros, gen- eral merchandise store, and remained with that firm almost con- tinuously for eight years, during which time he had taught three terms of school. The spring of i860 found him financially pre- pared to enter business on his own responsibility and associated himself with George H. Thompson, Jr., in the general merchan- dise business. This partnership lasted two years, when he sold his interest to Mr. Thompson and immediately bought out J. F. Good & Bro's. establishment, where he continued in business until 1865. He then disposed of his entire stock of merchandise and turned his attention to his farms, and dealing in hogs and cattle. This he pursued with marked success until 1879. During that year the Toledo, Delphos & Burlington Railroad was built to Warren. He was one of the leading advocates of the road, and spaced neither time nor money in his endeavors to secure the amount asked by the company of the citizens of Warren and vicinity. On the completion of the railroad a market was opened up for grain and stock, and he, with his former partner, Mr. George H. Thompson, erected a large elevator, and began buying grain. They were engaged in this business until 1884, when they disposed of the elevator and have since given their ontire attention to banking. Prior to this, or on October 1st, SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 813 1883, they established the " Exchange Bank " of Warren, and have done a general banking business ever since. Mr. Good's life companion was Miss Mary A. Thompson, daughter of George H. and Julia A. (Elliott) Thompson. She is a native of this county. This marriage occurred January 35, 1861, and was blessed with five children: Lizzie B., Emma K., George S., who is now associated with his father in the bank, Julia M. and' Rob- ert E., of whom Emma K. and Robert E. are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Good have been identified for some years with the Christian Church. Mr. Good is also a member of the Masonic order, and firmly upholds the principles of the Republican party, holding the office of Trustee of Salamonie Township several terms. He started in life as a clerk on a small salary, but saved his earn- ings and applied his money in such a way that in a few years he commanded quite a considerable sum, and engaged in business as the proprietor instead of the clerk. During his business career he received some aid from home, and of late years his father-in-law, George H. Thompson, Sr., has aided him consider- ably, but on his own account he has accumulated quite a fortune. He has always been very fortunate in business and never failed in anything he undertook to do. He is always ready and vrilling to aid any enterprise that will be of benefit to the citizens in general. Besides his banking interests and valuable residence property in Warren, he owns about 800 acres of fine farming lands adjoining and within two miles of the town. By his straight-forward business methods he has won the esteem of the public in general, and is a valuable factor among the substantial business men of Warren. He expects to end his days where he has spent the best part of his life in making a comfortable home and a fortune. FRANCIS M. HUFF, Ex-County Superintendent, and promi- nent furniture dealer of Warren, is the subject of this sketch. His is an eventful life, and one worthy of consideration of every young man. He was born in Harrison County, Va., December 37, 1843. Owing to the poverty of his parents he was compelled, at an early age, to earn his own support, mainly upon the farm. His companions were of the roughest type, and capable of doing almost anything for money. It was with this class our subject spent his boyhood days. At the age of thirteen he resolved to tear himself away from his early associates, and to adopt a dif- ferent life. Up to this time he had never received a day's school- ing. He was living near Simpson's store, Greene County, Penn. ^ Villiam Teagardener was teaching school near by, Francis hunted up an old book and entered the A, B, C, class; he made such rapid progress in his studies, that before the expiration of the term, he was chosen by Mr. Teagardener as assistant teacher in Geography, having learned this branch in song before he could read. During the next winter he attended school at Prosperity, Washington Co., Penn., Miss Nannie Langdon being his teacher. 814 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY, After the close of this term, he began working by the month, and August of that year he found he had accumulated $10, with which he resolved to start west and go as far as his money would take him, and accordingly left Pennsylvania about the last of August, and arrived in Richmond, this State, in September. There he hired to a farmer, and worked for him until the winter schools began, when he again commenced his studies. This was during the winter of 1860. By the time this term of school closed, the great storm which had been threatening the solidity of the Union began to burst, and Frank was one of the first to answer his country's call. On April 31, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Sixteenth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. John S. Lee, his term of enlistment being for one year. He was placed in the Army of the Potomac, then commanded by Gen. Banks. He remained with his command until the expiration of his term of enlistment, when he received an honorable discharge. Shortly after his return home, he re-enlisted in Company E, Eighty-Seventh Ohio Volunteers, under Capt. Calkins. For three months he was placed in the garrison at Harper's Ferry, and was made a pris- oner of war on the surrender of that post by Gen. Miles, Septem- ber 15, 1863. He was immediately paroled and sent home, but was not content to remain idle when his services were needed in the front, and in October he once more enlisted, this time in Company B, Nineteenth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. W. W. Dudley, for three years or during the war. He was once more placed in the Army of the Potomac, under the command of Gen. Burnside. During this en- listment he took part in the following noted engagments: Fredricksburg, Fitzhugh's Crossing, Chancellorsville, Gettys- burg — in this battle he received a wound in the head, and out of 300 of his Regiment who went into the fight, only sixty-nine re- ported for duty after the battle. He next took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor and Petersburg; here he was shot through the right thigh and sent to Sickles' Bar- racks' Hospital, and was under the surgeon's care six months. He again reported for duty at Petersburg, in March, 1864, and during the siege of Richmond and three days before the capture of Lee's army, he was again shot in the right thigh and was sent to Baltimore, where he received an honorable discharge on ac- count of disability. He immediately returned to Richmond, Indiana, and being crippled, could not again engage in farming, and had to turn his attention to something else. A friend per- suaded him to attend school and fit himself for teaching, but after attending one term he run out of funds and was on the point of giving up an education, when he applied to Miss Eliza- beth Lewellen, a lady teacher of Wayne County, for $50 to carry him through the second term of school; she gladly loaned him the amount, and with this he was enabled to keep himself in school until he passed a successful examination and received a license for teaching. He taught two successful terms, and in SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. §15 1868 he resolved to try a cow-boy's life, and took a trip to Ne- braska. The west did not suit him, and in 1869 he returned to Huntington, this county, and during the winter of 1869, he began teaching near Mt. Etna, this county, where he taught several times with marked success. In the spring of 1872 he came to War- ren, and was engaged as principal of the Warren schools a posi- tion he held until April, 1874, -w hen he was elected Superintendent of Schools in Huntington County, which position he held until 1879. On October 18, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Jennie Sprowl, daughter of Robert and Hannah (Shaffer) Sprowl old and respected residents of Warren. This union was blessed with two children, Charlie and Pearl, of whom Charlie was called away in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Huff are members of the Christ- ian Church. Mr. Huff is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Mon- roe Laymon Post, No. 211, G. A. R. He is a staunch Republican, and upholds the principles of his party. In 1880 he was appointed mail agent on the Wabash Railroad, but owing to poor health had to resign his position. In 1881 he was appointed Postmaster at Warren, and held the office until the change of administration. He is now engaged in the furniture business, and has a large and well selected stock. He is a self-made man, and has risen to his present standing through his own efforts. His education is good, and his library is one of the finest in Warren, and contains many volumes of science and literature. In all of his official and busi- ness life, he has managed his affairs with credit to himself. JONATHAN IRWIN, the subject of this biography, has been a resident of Salamonie Township forty- seven years. He was bom in Guilford County, N. C, May 21, 1816. He was the son of Samuel and Abia (Mathus) Irwin, both of whom were natives of North Carolina. The former of English and Irish descent, and the latter of Irish extraction. In 1835, Jonathan accompanied his parents to Preble County, Ohio. On November 16, 1837, he was married to Asenath Logue, daughter of William and Abi- gail (Masey) Logue, natives of North Carolina, where Asenath was born and reared. In 1840, Mr. Irwin emigrated with his wife to Huntington County, Ind., and located four and one-half miles east of Warren, where He entered forty acres of wild land, put up a cabin and began to clear up a home. There he resided until 1844, when he removed to Danville, this State, and engaged in the carpenter business, which he followed until 1850, when he sold out and removed "to Pendleton, Ind., where he followed his trade a short time, returning to Warren in the fall of '50. On his arrival here he purchased property with the determination of locating here permanently. He followed his trade until 1863; during this year he received the appointment of Postmaster at Warren, which office he filled with credit until 1866. Andrew Johnson's administration was not in sympathy with Republican Postmasters, and Mr. Irwin was temporarily relieved for awhile, but was re-appointed in 1869, and served until the fall of '8 i, when 816 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. he resigned his position in order to give his entire attention to the grocery business, in which he established himself in 1864. The firm is now known as J. Irwin & Son, they carry a large and well selected stock of groceries and queensware, which is a credit to the town of Warren. He and his wife were blessed with twelve children, namely: William M., Tursey A., Samuel R., Jona- than L., Louis, George S., Mary L., Sarah E., Asenath A., Ada- laska, Eugene and Rosa M.; William M., Tursey A., Sarah E., Asenath A. and Eugene reside at this writing in Warren; Sam- uel R. resides in St. Augustine, Fla.; Jonathan L. is a resident of Chicago, Ills., and Mary L. is married to Louis P. Morrison, and resides in Fremont County, Col. Mr. Irwin is a staunch Repub- lican. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace for twelve years, and Notary Public eight years. He commenced life empty handed, and when he first landed in Salamonie Township he says $i was all the money he had, but by carefully saving his earnings, he has succeeded in providing himself with considerable property and a comfortable home. He is in fair health for one of seventy, and bids fair to live and enjoy many years of happy old age where he has so long been identified with the development of the town and country. CORNELIUS N. IRWIN has been a resident of this town- ship forty-one years last January. He was born in Guilford County, N. C, May 'Z5, 1836; his parents were John and Hannah Irwin, natives of North Carolina. Cornelius spent his boyhood and youth on his father's farm, his early education was fair for that day, his father taking quite an interest in schooling his children. At the age of twenty, or in the winter of '46, Cor- nelius and his uncle, Robert Irwin, bade a good bye to home and friends, and set out on foot to cross the mountains, and seek a home in the west. They arrived at Robert Irwin's in this town- ship, in about twenty-eight days, having walked the entire dis- tance from Guilford County, N. C. For a number of years he could name every town he passed through en route, a part of the distance was traveled through drifts of snow. After his arrival here he engaged as a laborer. On August 39, 1848, he was mar- ried to Elizabeth Swaim, daughter of Simeon and Nancy Swaim, whose biographies are found elsewhere in this work. She was born October 31, 1834, in Stokes County, M. C. Wheu about the age of thirteen, her parents emigrated to this county, and she has resided here ever since. They were blessed with seven children: Eunice A., Nancy L., Samuel L., Robert C, Ruth E., William N., and Elizabeth, of whom Samuel and Elizabeth are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Irwin are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which they have been united over thirty years. Mr. Irwin has always upheld the principles of the Republican party, and has never missed a vote in his life, and has cast every ballot in Salamonie Township. He began work- ing the road at the age of twenty-one, and continued to work SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 817 each year until he was fifty. In 1848 he purchased a tract of partly improved land, in Section 23, a cabin was on the land and into this he moved his family. There he resided for a number of years; 1876 he purchased the farm he now resides on, which lays in Section 36. When Mr. Irwin came to Salamonie Township, this part of it was considered very poor land on account of the flat surface of the soil, but by good husbandry, what was consid- ered a swamp, forty years ago, has been transformed into fine, beautiful farms. The general development of the country has been great, the old by-roads have been replaced with fine public highways, civilization has come to' stay, and there are but few of the pioneers left, to tell the story of pioneer life. Mr. Irwin began life a poor boy, and had to work out to get his start in life. When he arrived here, he was $L0 in debt, but by dint of industry and perseverance he has provided himself with a com- fortable home, where he expects to spend the rest of his life. Mrs. Irwin, one day heard the hounds baying, and, on going out, found a deer cornered near the roots of an old tree; she took a mattock and killed it. WILLIAM M. IRWIN, of the firm of J. Irwin & Son, deal- ers in groceries and queensware, Warren, Ind., is a native of Preble County, Ohio, where he was born November 17, 1838. His parents were Jonathan and Asenath Irwin, whose biographies appear in this volume. He came with his parents to Huntington County in 1840, and has remained here ever since. By attending the district schools he received a fair education. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the carpenter's trade under the in- struction of his father, with whom he remained until he was twenty- one years of age, after which he engaged in carpentering for himself. On July 34, 1863, he answered his country's call by enlisting in Company E, Seventy-Fifth Eegiment, Indiana Vol- unteers, under command of Capt. David H. Wall. Company E was ordered to join the Army of the Tennessee, and participated in the following noted battles: Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge. He also took part in the Atlanta Campaign, and left Atlanta with Gen. Sherman, November 16, 1863, and remained with him through thick and thin until the Grand Review in Washington. Strange to say, during his entire enlistment he never received a scratch, which is remarkable, owing to the fact that he was in some of the hottest contested battles of the war. After receiving an honorable discharge he returned to Warren and resumed his trade. On November 23, 1866, he chose for his life companion. Miss Mary M. Minnich, daughter of Jacob and Christena Minnich, old and respected residents of Wells County, Ind. This union was blessed with two children, Amelia and Nellie, both of whom are living. Mr. Irwin is a member of Monroe Laymon Post, No. 311, G. A. R,, and upholds the prmci- ples of the Republican party. Since he engaged in the mercan- tile business he has succeeded well, and is building up a good 818 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. trade. He is one of the live business men of Warren, and is highly esteemed by all his associates. SAMUEL JONES, while a soldier during the War of 1813, passed through this part of Indiana, and was much pleased with the natural advantages of this country. He resolved if ever he left Highland County, Ohio to seek a home in the west, that he would settle in the territory now embraced in Huntington County, and before we conclude this biography, the reader will observe that he made good his resolution. He was born in Penn- sylvania, December 30, 1790. His parents were John and Linna Jones, with whom he went to Ohio when quite young. On Jan- uary 5, 1813, he was married to Sarah Ruse, of Highland County, Ohio, where his wife died July 38, 1835. He was again married to Nancy Reveal, and in the spring of 1833, come to Huntington County, Indiana, and entered the tract of land embracing the present site of Warren. The Indianapolis & Fort Wayne Wagon. Road passed through this tract of land and on the first day of January, 1837, Mr. Jones offered lots for sale in what was then known as " Jonesboro, " but on learning that another town of that name existed in this State, he changed the name to Warren. Mr. Jones continued to reside here for forty years after his first settlement, and by his honesty and fair dealmg won the confidence and respect of the pioneers. He served through the War of 1813. Politically he upheld the principles of the Democratic party, and in 1848 he represented Huntington and Whitley Counties in the Indiana Legislature. His early ad- vantages for receiving an education were limited, but natural ability was great and he strongly espoused the education of our youths. He first introduced schools into Salamonie Township by employing a private teacher in his own family, and by do- nating a house for school purposes. After an honorable and use- ful life he was called away. Silas Jones, his son, who was thir- teen years of age when tiis father landed in this township, was born m Highland County, Ohio, September 19, 1830. He spent his boyhood and youth amid the hardships of pioneer life, and re- ceived a fair education for that day of log school houses. When twenty years of age, or on November 12, 1840, he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza J. Dillon, daughter of John and Sarah Dillon and residents at that time of this county. Eliza was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, and when about sixteen years of age accompanied her parents to this State. This union was blessed with seven children: Sarah E., Theresa J., Alfred W., Elvira E., Jasper J., Loyd S. and George P., of whom George P. is deceased. Mrs. Jonas was also called away. May 5, 1877. She was a mem- ber of the Christian Church, and loved by all who knew her. On October 17, 1880 he was again married to Miss Sarah A,ntrim, a native of Highland County, Ohio. They are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Jones has always been an active worker in the Democratic party. He began life at the bottom of the lad- SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 819 der and by strict attention to business has been eminently suc- cessful during life. He owns a fine farm of over 200 acres, the one he spent the best part of his life in clearing. He is now leading a retired life in "East Warren," which addition to Warren he laid out in 1879. His health is fair for one of his age. He attended the first election held in Salamonie Township; his recollection of pioneer life in this township is good, and he has lived to see a great change in the development of the county. It would be proper to mention the fact that on the ar- rival of Samuel Jones in Huntington County, he entered a tract of land for Silas, Allen, Nancy, Matilda and Lucinda, the first two receiving 160 acres each, and the last three eighty acres each. William, John, Samuel and Sarah, the children by his second wife, each received a tract of land near Huntington. JOHN D. JONES, one of the pioneers of this township, and a prominent farmer, was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 31, 1830. His parents were Samuel and Nancy Jones, whose biography appears above in this history. John was three years old when his parents came here, and has always made this county his home. He was reared on a farm and received a fair educa- tion. At the age of nineteen, he engaged as a clerk in Jacob Brown's general merchandise store, in Warren, and followed that occupation three years. While he was engaged in this work he was married to Miss Elizabeth Linse. This union was blessed with three children: George A., James M. and Samuel J., who were twins, of whom George A., is deceased. Mrs. Jones was also called away in February, 1856. Mr. Jones then engaged with Purviance, Cane & Co., in Huntington, and was in their employ about three years, when he was again married to Phebe E. Purviance, and to this union was born one child, John P., now living. Mr. Jones' home was again visited by death, and on April 14, 1880, Mrs. Jones was called across the dark river. She was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and loved by all who knew her. On December 16, 1882, he was mar- ried to Miss Amy Adsit, daughter of Daniel B. and Sophia Adsit. She was born in Clinton County, Ohio, January 19, 1855. When nine years of age she accompanied her parents to Warren. She has resided here ever since. Mr. Jones is a member of the F. & A. M. order, and has taken an active interest in the order for thirty years. He is a Democrat and can trace the Democratic principles generations back. In 1862, he was elected treasurer of Huntington County, and filled the office with credit one term. He has of late years given his entire attention to his fine farm which adjoins the town of Warren, and also to the breeding of trotting horses. In 1873, he went to Kentucky and purchased Membrino Mac, a fine horse that showed a speed on Mr. Jones' race track of 2:30. Some of his best colts are Penut, Membrmo Billy and Belva Lockwood, and others equally as good if they were properly trained. His running colts, are Wild Duck, 820 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. which has made one-half mile in fifty seconds. Wild Duck, Jr., which ran one-half mile in fifty seconds in 1886, and at Kokomo, during the same fall ran a mile in one minute and fifty seconds. Hoosier Maid is also showing good speed. Mr. Jones owns one of the finest farms in Section 29; it consists of 260 acres and well improved. He has aided his sons in securing farms and property. Mr. Jones expects to end his days where he has spent the best part of his life in making a home. SYLVESTER V. KINTZ, proprietor of the American Hotel, Warren, Ind., is a native of Fort Wayne, this State, where he was born November 12, 1852. His parents were Jacob J. and Alice (Marr) Kintz, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the lat- ter of Ireland, both of German descent. When our subject was sixteen years old he went to Huntington, Ind., and made his home with John A. W. Kintz, who was his brother, and after- ward Sheriff of Huntington County. While there he commenced to learn the harness trade, which he completed in Anderson, this State. Returning to Huntingten he followed his trade two years, when he removed to Canton, 111., remaining in that State until 1879, when he again returned to Huntington, and during the same year he located in Warren, engaging in the barber business, having learned the trade in Illinois. He was quite successful in this undertaking, and to day his old patrons claim him to be the best barber Warren ever afforded. On December 12, 1879. he chose for his wife Miss Mattie Williamson, daughter of Andrew and Susan (Her) Williamson, old and respected resi- dents of this county. Mattie was born in Warren, and has resided here all her life. In 1885, Mr. Kintz took charge of the American Hotel in Warren, -and through his careful manage- ment it can be classed among the most accommodating houses found in a place the size of Warren. He is a genial, kind and obliging man, and one calculated to fill his present position with success. WILLIAM MATLACK was born in Chester County, Penn., April 2, 1814. His parents were Thomas and Martha (Roberts) Matlack, the former a native of Delaware, and the latter of Penn- sylvania, both of Welsh descent. William spent his youth on his father's farm and in his store. By attending the district schools he received an education sufficient to enable him to teach suc- cessfully in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. When he was eighteen years of age he was apprenticed to learn mill-wright- ing, which trade he completed. At the age of twenty-two he went down into Maryland, and followed his trade something over a year. In 184f> he turned his face westward and located in Preble County, Ohio. In 1844 he was married to Catharine Stanback, and was blessed with four children : David T., Mary J., Martha E. and Mahala C, all of whom are now living. Mrs. Matlack was called away December 6, 1877. After residing SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 831 seventeen years in Ohio, Mr. Matlack concluded he was tired of plowing and farming among the stones of that country and re- solved to seek a home elsewhere, so in the fall of 1857, he removed his family to Section 25, Salamonie Township, where he had pur- chased 140 acres, eighty in this county and sixty in Wells County. This land was partly improved, but owing to the flat condition of the country it required considerable of hard work at ditching and draining to make a good tillable farm, but by working hard and industry he has developed one of the best farms in this locality. Years ago he left home a poor, but honest boy, and every dollar he is worth to-day he has made by hard and inces- sant toil. He has always upheld the principles of the Demo- cratic party, and has held the position of Postmaster at "Boehmer" for several years. He is a member of the Salem Lodge of the Patrons of Husbandry, which society meets at his residence. He is an honest, upright citizen, and one of the substantial farm- ers of Salamonie Township. WILLIAM McCOY, who has been a resident of this county since 1836, and at the present time residing in Warren, was born in Patrick, W. Va., November 18, 1810. His parents were John and Sarah (Hopkins) McCoy, the former a native of Scotland, emigrating to America about 1803, or 1804. He located in Vir- ginia, and in about three years afterward he was married to Miss 8arah Hopkins, daughter of William and Polly Hopkins. She was a native of Virginia where she was born and raised. In 1811 the parents of our subject emigrated to East Tennessee. In 1812 the father took part in the war with Great Britain. William spent his boyhood and youth in Tennessee. Owing to the scarc- ity of schools in that day he only received a limited education. While in Tennessee, but after removing north, he went to school two terms, which gave him some knowledge of the common branches. In the fall of 1829 we find William nearing his nine- teenth birthday. He was surrounded with poverty and an aristo- cratic people who upheld slavery and ignored a poor but honest white man who had to toil for his daily bread. These circum- stances led young McCoy to seek another field for his future labors in life. He accordingly, in October, 1829, bade farewell to friends and relations, and started for Ohio, crossing the river on the 5th of that month, at Cincinnati. He procured work in Hamilton County of Mr. Montgomerj', who had the contract for constructing the first turnpike ever built into Cincinnati. When he obtained this position he only had 75 cents in money. After working a while on the pike he engaged with a farmer and re- mained with him until about Christmas, when he resolved to hunt a better position and a place where he could go to school that winter and work for his board. He wandered to Union County, this State, arriving in that county about the 1st of January, 1830, and found a comfortable home in a family of Quakers. There he remained until spring, when he hired to an old Quaker 833 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. and remained two years in Union County. He next went to Preble County, Ohio, and began to learn the brick-laying trade and plastering, and followed that trade two years in Ohio before he emigrated to this county. In the fall of 1836 he arrived in Jefferson Township, this county, and entered 140 acres of wild land. After establishing himself in Jefferson Township he and another man took the contract for laying the brick in the court house at Peru, Ind. After completing this contract he went to Lafayette, Ind., and worked the rest of the season. About the 1st of December, 1837, he returned to Jefferson Township, and on January 4, 1838, was united in marriage to Polly A. Spro wl, daugh- ter of Joseph and Jennie (Armstrong) Sprowl. Polly was born March 29, 1819, in Preble County, Ohio, where she was raised. This union was blessed with eleven children: Elizabeth J., Alexander, Davison, Sarah, Martha, William G., Priscilla, Mary B., Julia, Louis, Marshall, of whom Elizabeth, Sarah A., Priscilla, Mary B., Julia, Louis and Marshall, are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. McCoy are members of the Christian Church, with which they have been identified for a number of years, and are among the leaders of that denomination, and always ready to give their aid for the benefit of the church. For a few years after Mr. McCoy's mar- riage he continued to follow his trade, but finally gave up his trade and turned his attention to farming. Prior to this, or in the spring of 1838, he purchased property in Marion, moved into it and aided in constructing the old court house in that city. In the fall of 1838, he returned to his farm, and by his own hands aided in clearing up a great portion of his farm, and has spent many a hard day's work in the clearing and at night burn brush. Thus by degrees he steadily prospered. He has always adopted a straight-forward, honorable course in life, and by his own exertions has accumulated considerable of wealth. About seven years ago he moved to Warren, where he owns fine residence property, and resides there at the present time. He was reared a Democrat, and for the greater part of his life advocated the principles of that party, but lately has changed his political views, and now firmly advocates the temperance cause. At one time he was elected Assessor of Huntington County, and held the office four years. He is now living a retired life in Warren. DANIEL McELHANEY was born in West Virginia, June 18, 1810. His early life was spent amid the hardships of farm labor. After he grew to manhood he began to do for himself, and in 1844 he emigrated to Preble County, Ohio; there he was married to Sarah Scott, and was blessed with three children: Matilda, James H. and Marrietta, of whom Marrietta died when about ten years of age. In the fall of 1850 Mr. McElhaney loaded a few household goods into a two horse wagon and started for Huntington County. He landed here in October, and settled on the tract of land he now resides on, for which he had traded land in Virginia. He put up a log cabin, half floored with a Cxp^co^ &. £^^ SALAMONIB TOWNSHIP. 825 puncheon floor, and spent the first winter in it. Mr. McElhaney is a staunch Eepublican, and has upheld the principles of that party since its organization. He now has a comfortable home, and the trials and traces of pioneer life have almost passed away. He is a man well spoken of in the community^ and his integrity is above reproach. THOMAS McILWATN, one of the pioneers of Huntington County, was born in Abbeyville District, S. C, September 15, 1812. His parents were John and Sarah (Logan) Mcllwain, both natives of Ireland, the former of Scotch, and the latter of Irish descent. In 1817, they emigrated to Union County, Indiana, thence to Franklin County, and thence to Fayette County, where Mr. Mcll- wain died. The widow and mother survived him but a short time, and died in Cass County, Ind. Up to the age of eighteen Thomas remained with his parents, and had received some learn- ing in the old log school houses of that day. At the age of eighteen he began to do for himself, and engaged to work in a woolen mill, and learned the art of cloth dressing. This he con- tinued to follow for five or six years. Then he turned his atten- tion to.farming. On January 7, 18:36, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Williams, daughter of John and Sarah (Bryant) Williams, who removed from Kentucky to Fayette County, Ind., in 1813. Here Mary was born December 7, 1816. This was the year Indiana became a State, and Mrs. Mcllwain has the honor of residing here ever since its admission into the Union. Her young life was spent in Fayette County, where she resided until after her marriage with Mr. Mcllwain. They began house-keep- ing in Fayette County in limited circumstances, and the clock that marked the time, night and day, when they first entered life's stream together, is at this moment ticking away as if it had just begun the task for which it was intended. Through all these years of toil and hardships the old clock has stood in its place, a quiet spectator, witnessing joy and sorrow, and marking the onward flight of time. In 1837 Mr. Mcllwain came to Hunt- ington County, to enter a tract of land. He found an eighty-acre tract in Section 8, and returned to his home in Fayette County, and in the fall of 1839 he landed upon his land. He built a log cabin and began to clear up his home. Indians were then plenty, and game, such as deer and turkeys, was in abundance. The lit- tle village of Huntington was then their market, the roads were bad, and in the spring eight bushels of wheat was considered a big load. Thus we can imagine to-day the trials and hardships of these sturdy pioneers. Mr. and Mrs. Mcllwain were blessed with ten children: Oscar, born October 1, 1836; Vanda, born No- vember 13, 1838, died March 20, 1840; James M., born January 8, 1841; John, born October 30, 1843, died January 13, 1863; Arthur, born August 2, 1846, died October 20, 1848; Zelotes, born March 1, 1849; William A., born September 20, 1851, died July 20, 1863; Thomas J., born October 10, 1854,died July 20,1563; Rudolphus S., 30 836 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. born November 24, 1856, died July 37, 1863; Benjamin F., born January 13, 1859, died March 36, 1860. As noted in this record, seven of the ten children which blessed this union have been called away, that terrible disease, scarlet fever, taking three sons at one time. The three sons now living are all residing in Sala- monie Township, upon farms of their own. Mr. and Mrs. Mcll- wain are members of the Christian Church, with which they have been identified about forty years. In politics Mr. Mcllwain has always upheld the Republican party. OSCAR F. McILWAIN, a prominent farmer of Salamonie Township, was born October 1, 1836, being the oldest of ten children (three living, seven dead), born to Thomas and Mary (Williams) Mcllwain. Subje6t's father's sketch will be seen in another place. Our subject was born in Fayette County. Ind., when in 1838, his parents removed to Huntington County. He was reared as a farmer boy, lived with father until nineteen years of age, when he began work for himself, teaching school, and clay's work until in the month of August, 1863, enlisted in the army. Seventy-Third Indiana, Company G, remaining here until June, 1863, when he was discharged on account of disability caused from a wound at the battle of Stone River, returned home (Miami County), for a length of time. Previous to this time and before Mr. Mcllwain joined the army, he was married to Miss Martha Storsty, July 31, ]859, of Fayette County. In 1866, Mr. Ilwain and lady and one child, removed to Michigan and took up a homestead; remained there about eight years, when he returned to Indiana, in this county, and bought the old farm known as the Thomas Mcllwain farm. Section 7, Salamonie Township, where he remains to the present day. By hard work and good manage- ment has redeemed a good farm with fine improvements. Is a Republican. Belong (he and lady) to Methodist Episcopal Church. Are good people, well respected by the community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Mcllwain five children have been born, the oldest, Perrv W., born July 9, 1860, died October 31, 1861; Mary A., born November 38, 1863, died December 13, 1863; William E., born September 5, 1864, died August 7, 1881; Evelina, born February 7, 1868; Jesse, born May 5, 1877. LEANDER MORRISON, deceased, is a man worthy of men- tion in this volume. For over forty- eight years he was identified with Salamonie Township and its development. His parents, Andrew and Martha (Mitchell) Morrison, were natives of ;North Carolina. When young they removed to Kentucky, and, in 1807, from thence to Preble County, Ohio, where Leander was reared amid the hardships of farm life. By attending the district schools he received a fair education, and before he arrived at his maturity he had learned the carpenter's trade. He was a poor boy, and, in 1833, having heard of the advantages offered to men of small means in this country, resolved to come west and SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 837 cast his lot with the pioneers and secure a home. He landed in this township before a clearing of any kind had been made, and entered land in Section 33. He returned to his home in Ohio, and remained until the tall of 1833, when he accompanied his' uncle, Fleming Mitchell, to this township, who settled on the Salamonie, a short distance above the present site of Warren. Mr. Mitchell conceived the idea of erecting a mill, and our sub- ject assisted him in the work. By the fall of 1834 they had a saw mill in running order, and by the close of 1835 were prepared to grind corn. On February 26, 1835, Mr. Morrison was united in marriage with Miss Matilda Jones, daughter of Samuel Jones, the first settler of Salamonie Township. They began life to- gether in a rude log cabin erected in the midst of a dense forest on the tract of land entered by Mr. Morrison, and still owned by Mrs. Morrison and children. It seemed like an endless task to succeed in making a home in this, then wild and desolate country, and the trials and hardships of the sturdy pioneer, who came here with his ax and rifle, and spent the best part of his life in developing the country, are scarcely realized by the pres- ent generation. Days, months and years were spent by them in making the beautiful homes found all over this country. Mr. Morrison was elected Justice of the Peace of Huntington County in April, 18S7, and the family to day holds the commission he re- ceived from Gov. Noble, dated April 18, 1837. His term of office lasted five years. After a long and useful life, in which he won the good will and respect of all, he was called home February 13, 1881. A loving wife and six children survived him. The entire family consisted of seven children. Calvin, the oldest, answered his country's call, and in 1861 enlisted in Company D, Thirty- Fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers. While at Camp Wickliffe he took sick and passed away, far from friends and relatives. William Ray, a near neighbor of the Morrisons, had gone to Camp Wicklifi'e to bring home the body of his son, who had died there. On his arrival he noticed Calvin's life was ebbing away, and concluded to await his death and bring his body with his son's. Mr. Ray arrived in Warren with the remains of the two dead heroes, and the news was carried to the family of Mr. Morrison to come and get the remains of their son. It was a severe shock to the grieved ones, who had a few months before bid God-speed to the light-hearted youth. The other children were Nancy, Mar- tha A., Sarah L., Samuel L., John A. and Louis M., all of whom are residing within a radius of fifteen miles of their old home. The marriage of their parents was the first solemnized in Salamonie Township. Mrs. Morrison continues to reside on the old home- stead. She is over seventy-one years of age, being born in Ash- land County, Ohio, March 7, 1816. She has resided in this township ever since white settlers first came, and is in good health to-day. Her father, Samuel Jones, was a kind father and benevolent man, but had strong political convictions, which prompted him in an unguarded moment to disinherit two of his 828 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. children on account of their differing from him politically — they were Mrs. Morrison and Mrs. Pulse. Those two daughters were married to strong Union men, and, as stated, Mrs. Morrison sac- rificed a son on her country's altar, which, of itself, was suflS- cient to cause her to denounce the Confederate cause and its sympathizers. Owing to her political views her father entirely ignored her in his will, but to-day, like a true and honorable child, she reverences his name, and will not permit the amount of a few paltry dollars, which she had worked so hard in her youth to make, destroy the love she cherished for him. She re- sides with her son, Louis M. Morrison, a prominent farmer and stock raiser. He was born on the old home place, where he now resides. May 2, 1853. His entire life has been spent on the farm, and he has adopted farming as a life occupation. On Septem- ber 21, 1881, he was married to Miss Rosa A. Ernst, daughter of John and Mary (Ziegler) Ernst, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. Her paternal ancestors came from Germany. She was born in Ashland County, Ohio, October 27, 1860, and in 1863 her parents emigrated to Wells County, Ind., where, hj at- tending the district schools, she received an education suflBcient to enable her to teach a number of terms successfully in our public schools. This union is blessed with these children, namely: Sarah E. and Carrie B. In 1884 Mr. Morrison be- gan breeding and raising fine Short Horn cattle and Poland China hogs. The firm is known as Morrison & Elliott, fine stock breeders, and possesses some of the finest registered stock in the country, on which they have received premiums wherever they have competed. Mr. Morrison upholds the principles of the Re- publican party and is one of the coming young business men of country. He is in comfortable circumstances, surrounded by all the conveniences found on a well regulated farm. DANIEL MOSSBURG, one of the pioneers who came to this county when all was in the woods, was born in Clinton County, Ohio, March 16, 1819. His parents were Rev. Henry and Jane (Thrailkill) Mossburg, The former was born to William and Mary Mossburg, in Germany, and when six months old his parents emi- grated to America and settled in Maryland, during the Revolu- tionary War. William Mossburg was a soldier during this war for American Independence. Henry Mossburg, the father of our subject, was reared on a farm in Maryland, and at the age of twenty- one could not speak a word in English. About the age of twenty-two he attended an English school, and fitted himself for teaching. He now had a good education in both German and English, and went down into Virginia and engaged in teaching school. After a couple of years, residence in Virginia, he was married to Jane Thrailkill, and emigrated to Clinton County, Ohio. While he resided there the War of 1812 broke out, and he offered his services to his country, and fought under Gen. Harrison for almost two years. He endured the hard- SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. §29 ships of that unequal struggle, before he was permitted to re- turn to his family m Clinton County, Ohio. In 1819 he removed his family to Wayne County, Ind.; there he resided until 1833, when he removed to Delaware County, and from thence to Wells County in 1837, and settled on a tract of land on the line adioin- ing Huntington County, Ind. He was the second settler in Lib- erty Township, Wells County; there were but few settlers in that county at that time; there was no county seat and the nearest market was Muncie. He settled in the woods, and moved into a cabin that Daniel and his brother Henry, had come out in June before and built. His health was poor and during the summer of '38 consumption set in, and about the first of Novem- ber, 1838, he was called away. The family was left almost helpless in the midst of a wilderness, with scarcely anyone to go to for assistance. Daniel started to Muncie on foot to buy the burial clothes, some days before his death, the trip requiring four days. Those were trying moments for that widowed mother and her family, never to be forgotten. There was not a cabinet maker in the county and no one to make a cofKn. A neighbor who had purchased some poplar lumber to make a wagon box, donated it for the coffin. It was rudely nailed together with eight penny nails, into it was placed the earthly remains of Henry Mossburg, and they were interred on a spot selected by him before his death, on his land. This was probably the first burial in Wells County and likely the most affecting one ever in the county. At the time of his father's death, Daniel was a youth ' of nineteen, his health was good. The family then consisted of the mother, four sons and four daughters. Mrs. Mossburg lived un- til 1865, when she was called away. Up to the age of eighteen Dan- iel had received but little schooling. In the winter of '38 he made arrangements to go down into Delaware County, and attend a district school. On the way down he met Elisha Brown, and his daughter Elizabeth, who was driving a yoke of oxen. Daniel went on after a few words with Mr. Brown. He remained in school about two months, which ended his school days. During the summer of 1840, while attending an Indian dance at the mouth of Rock Creek on the Wabash, he again met Elizabeth Brown. An intimacy sprang up between them which culminated in their marriage January 6, 1 843. Prior to this he had trapped and killed enough coon to bring him $50, with which he entered forty acres in Section 14, where he now resides. He erected his cabin in the fall of '41, everything was a wilderness, and it seemed an endless undertaking to ever make a home in the forest. But by dint of industry and perseverance, Mr. Moss- burg kept struggling on, and to-day owns one of the best tracts of land in Section 14. His home was blessed with eight chil- dren: Mary, James, William, John, Jane, Daniel, Malinda A., and an infant daughter who died unnamed, of whom William and Jane are deceased. The children who lived to maturity are all married and living within twelve miles of the old homestead. 830 HISTOKY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Mr. and Mrs. Mossburg have been united with the Christian Church forty- five years. They were among the charter mem- bers of the Rock Creek Church. Mr. M. is a member of the order known as the "Patrons of Husbandry." PoHtically he has been a staunch Republican since the exciting canvass of 1856. JOHN D. PULSE, who has been a resident of Huntington County forty-eight years, and at present a retired citizen of Warren, is of German origin, his grandparents on both sides of the house emigrating from Germany about the beginning of the sixteenth century. John was born in Jefferson County, Va., May 6, 1807. His parents were John D. and Sarah (Fry) Pulse, the former a native of Lancaster County, Penn., born in 1766, and the son of Michael Pulse, a native of Germany, the latter a native of Jefferson County, Va. Her parents also were natives of Germany. The father of our subject, John D. Pulse, Sr,, wap ten years old when the Declaration of Independence was made, and too young to enter the War of the Revolution, He remained at home with his aged parents while three of his brothers fought for Independence. At the age of seventeen he went to Jefferson County, Va., and engaged in farming. There he was married to Miss Sarah Fry. He continued to farm in Virginia until 1817, when he removed to Highland County, Ohio, and purchased a farm near Hillsboro, the county seat. There he resided until his death in 1849. His wife, the mother of our subject succeeded him ten years, and was called across the dark river in 1859, both lived to quite an advanced age. John D., Jr., was ten years old when his parents moved to Ohio. He remained at home until he was twenty-five years of age, spend- ing his boyhood and youth on the farm and in the clearing. On May 10, 1832, he was married to Miss Nancy Jones, a daugh- ter of Samuel and Sarah Jones, whose biographies are found in this volume. Nancy was born in Highland County, Ohio, where she was raised. Mr. Pulse at this time owned fifty acres of land with a house on it, and upon this farm he began married life. In 1834, he paid Huntington County a visit, and was much pleased with this country, and entered 175 acres, which lays in Section 30, resolved to return to Ohio, and as soon as he could make necessary arrangements to remove to Indiana. It was on the 26th of September, 1838, when he arrived at Samuel Jones', the first settler of this township. He immediately built a cabin and began work in his clearing. By the 1st of May, 1839, he had ten acres of land cleared, fenced and planted in corn; all of this work he did himself, except two days' services by a hired hand. This country was then a wilderness and the pioneer settlers lived miles apart, there were only four or five houses within miles of Warren, and the nearest market was Hunting- ton. There was scarcely a road to be found anywhere, and when a settler started to market he was often compelled to carry an ax to cut his way through. Mr. Pulse and Daniel Stroup are SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 831 the only two now living who came here with their families when all was in the woods. His wedded life was blessed with five children: an infant died unnamed, Sarah L., Mary E., George J. and Silas A., of whom the infant, Sarah L., Mary E.' and George J., are deceased. Mrs. Pulse was also called away in IS??, at the ripe old age of sixty-one; for a number of years she was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and held in high estimation by the numerous friends she left behind. Our sub- ject is leading a retired life and resides with his son S. A. Pulse. Our subject united with the Masonic order in 1848, and has been an active member ever since. He has always held liberal views in politics, and to-day firmly advocates the principles of the Republican party. He started in life a poor man and by careful management has accumulated considerable property. While a resident of Ohio, he held commissions from the Governor of that State: first a Lieutenant in the First Light Infantry Company, First Eegiment, Second Brigade, Ohio militia; next he held the commission of Captain in the same Company; then he was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the First Light Infantry Regiment, Second Brigade, Eighth Division. After he became a resident of this county he was was elected Justice of the Peace in the spring of ] 840, and held that position until 1845. On the 16th of April, 1848, he received his commission from the Gov- ernor of Indiana, to act as Associate Judge of Huntington County, and held that office about seven years. In all of his life he has endeavored to do what he thought to be right, regardless of the opinions of others. SILAS A. PULSE, of the large general merchandise firm of Pulse & Frash, Warren, Ind., is the only surviving child of John D. Pulse, one of the last of the living pioneers of Salamonie Township, and whose history appears in this volume. Our sub- ject was born near Warren, July 35, 1843, his boyhood and youth being spent on his father's farm. During the winter he would attend school, thereby receiving a good education in the common schools of the State. He also attended the Graded School at Monmouth, 111., and Marion, Ind. At the age of twenty he en- gaged as a clerk in Good & Bro.'s store in Warren, and remained with them until the fall of 1863, when he enlisted in Company A, Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry, under the command of Capt. Isaac Delong. He took his place as a private, and his Company was ordered to join the Army of the Cumberland, and was in all the bold dashes and raids of the cavalry of this department until the close of the war. He was soon promoted to a Lieutenancy, and was mustered out of service as a Captain. He received an hon- orable discharge in November, 1865, and immediately returned to Warren. In February, 1866, he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, which he followed until 1879. He now resolved to retire from business, and sold his entire ^ock of goods, and turned his attention principally to farming and dealing in stock. This he 833 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. followed until 1883, when he again resolved to enter the mercan- tile business, and accordingly purchased another large stock of general n?erchandise. His immense business demanded more room, and in 1884: he erected a large brick building on the corner of Wayne and Second Streets, Warren, capable of holding a $40,000 stock. About this time he associated with him Mr. 0. A. Frash, a live young business man of Warren, who at present owns an interest, and is a partner in the firm. Mr. Pulse chose as his life companion, Miss R. C. Hay ward, and this union was blessed with seven children, namely: Minnie M. H., Effie G., Lillie M., Annie R., Daisy M., John, and an infant, deceased, un- named. Mr. Pulse commenced life on his own responsibility in fair circumstances, and by carefully managing his business has accumulated quite a fortune. Besides his large and valuable in- terests in Warren, he owns over 1,000 acres of as fine farming lands as the Salamonie Bottoms afford. By his honest business methods he has won the confidence of the people, and stands without a peer among the prominent business men of Warren. He is a member of the F. & A. M. order, and advocates the princi- ples of the Republican party. GEORGrE E. SHAFER, who has been a prominent resident of Salamonie Township for twenty-four years, was born in But- ler County, Ohio, October 29, 1820. His parents were Philip and Mary M. (Barnhart) Shafer, natives of Buckingham County, Va., of German descent. George spent his boyhood and youth in Butler County, Ohio, principally on a farm, receiving a good edu- cation between the age of eight and fourteen. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Elias Koomler, of Butler County, to learn the tanner's trade. After working as an apprentice six years, he bought the tannery and began business on his own re- sponsibility. His mother kept house for him, and George pros- pered. After had been engaged for twelve years in this work he sold out and turned his attention to farming. On August 2, 1849, he was married to Mary E. Kemp, who was called away in 1853; she was for some years in poor health. Mr. Shafer was again married to Margaret Wolf, May 29, 1853. . This union was blessed with six children: Philip, Emily M., John W., Mary E. A., Sarah M. and Jacob E., of whom Emily M. is deceased; she died the wife of John Thompson. Mr. Shafer paid this county a visit in 185B, he having a sister living here. In 1863, he sold his prop- erty in Ohio, and removed his family to this county. He settled in Section 14, and has resided here ever since. He purchased 160 acr.es of wild land, put up a cabin, and began to clear up a home. By hard work and earnest toil he has succeeded in developing one of the best farms in this locality. When he first landed upon it, a great portion of it was a swamp and under water. His wife died March 13, 1885; she was a member of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Shafer is also a hiember of that church, with which he has been identified over fifty- one years. SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 83 3 FREDERICK SHEETS was born in Rock Creek Township this county, July 27, 1839. His parents were John and Julia (Wyatt) Sheets, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and born to Frederick and Margaret Sheets in 1816. The latter was a native of Ohio. Thej were married July 12, 1838, and in October of 1838, they settled in Section 36, Rock Creek Township, where Mr. Sheets had entered 160 acres, of what in that dav was consid- ered a wilderness. He built a cabin, and entered the forest with his ax to clear-up a home. The hardships of those early pioneers were not felt by him like many others who came. It was on this tract of land, entered by John Sheets, in 1836, that our subject, Frederick Sheets, spent his young life. He was taught the art of farming successfully from his earliest experience. He attended the district schools and received a fair education. At the age of twenty-one he began to do for himself, but remained at home, until his marriage, which occurred March 23, 1862. On this date he led to the altar Miss Maria Shively, daughter of Jacob and Rebecca (Brower) Shively. She was also born in Rock Creek Township, but spent the greater part of her early life in Wells County, Ind. Prior to his marriage Mr. Sheets had acquired 120 acres of partly improved land, in Section 1, Salamonie Township. On this he built a hewed log house, and into this he moved and began the work of life to make a comfortable home for himself and family. He has always been very successful in his under- taking in life, and has given his attention almost exclusively to farming. He has added to his original tract, and now owns 240 acres of as fine land as can be found in this section of the coun- try; his improvements are modern and substantial. His home is a pleasant one, and blessed with five children: Elizabeth A., Mary R., Viola, William H. and Julia E., who were twins. All are living, and the first two are married arid caring for their own homes. Mrs. Sheets is a member of the German Baptist Church. Politically Mr. S. has always upheld the principles of the Demo- cratic party. DAVID G. SMITH, who has been identified with the inter- ests of Salamonie Township for forty-three years, was born in Muskingum Countv, Ohio, January 17, 1811. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth Smith, natives of Virginia. The former of French and English descent, and the latter of German ex- traction. David remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, receiving not more than two months' schooling during any one year up to that age. He then engaged in carpentering, and followed that occupation until his marriage with Miss Mary Johnson, which occurred August 18, 1836. She was the daughter of Isaac and Martha (Wheeler) Johnson, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Maryland. She was born in Harrison Coimty, Ohio, July 12,1816. In November of 1836, Mr. Smith came to Salamonie Township, and entered the northwest quarter of Section 4, and the west half of the southeast quarter of this 834 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. section. He returned to Ohio and continued to reside there until the fall of 1844, when he loaded a twohorse wagon with a few household goods and his family and started for his tract of wild land in this township. After arriving here, he was compelled to sleep in his wagon and cooked by a camp fire until he could erect a cabin, which he built near the site of his present residence. The task of clearing up a home in the wilderness would to a less courageous man than Mr. Smith seem unsurmountable, but he persevered, and earnestly toiled from morn till night, and by degrees transformed the heavy forest land into a fine, beautiful farm. He left home at the age of twenty-one with 50 cents in his pocket, and earned the money to buy his first suit of store clothes. Farming has been his occupation through life, in whieh he has been eminently successful. In the fall of 1870, he was visited by a very disastrous fire, which destroyed his residence and much of his household goods. He and his wife have for over forty years been identified with the Baptist Church, and to- day are members of two powerful organizations, namely: The Baptist Home Mission Society, and The Baptist Theological Union, of Chicago, 111. Mr. Smith was in early life a Democrat, but since the war has upheld the principles of the Republican party, and has never missed an election or failed to vote his ticket straight since the organization of the party. His home was blessed with five children: Thomas J. and Benjamin C, who reside in Kansas; Mary E., who is married to C. C. Miller, and residing in Ft. Wayne; Isaac A., who is married to Amanda Garrett, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Garrett, who emigrated to Wells County, Ind., from Ashland County, Ohio, when Amanda was four years of age. Isaac and wife are blessed with two child- ren: Bertha E. and Lucina W. Isaac is a graduate of the Medical Department of the University of Michigan, but owing to poor health had to give up his profession and returned to farming. He is residing on the old home farm, and caring for his venerable parents. The youngest child was Martha E., who was called away when about tliree years of age. Mr. Smith is one among the few who are left to tell the story of life in the woods forty years ago. He voted for the free school system of Indiana. Has always managed to live within his income, and never owed as much as $100 in his life. He saw the advantages of an education, and gave each of his childr(m the advantages he wished for when a youth. He has always led a straight, honorable life, and is held high in the estimation of all with whom he associates. MYEON SMITH, one of the early settlers of Salamonie town- ship, was born in Warren County, Ohio, October 39, 1826. His parents were Simon and Elizabeth (Patie) Smith, both natives of New York, and of English descent. The grandparents of our subjects on both sides of the house were in the Revolutionary War. Myron was reared on his father's farm, attending the schools of that day, receiving a fair education. He remained at SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 835 home until he was twenty-three years of age; he then began to do for himself, and engaged in farming. About 1850, he began clerking in a general store in the town of Westfield, Ohio. On September, IH, 1852, he was married to Hannah A. Bartlett, daughter of Lester and Balinda (Scofield) Bartlett, both natives of New York, of English descent, who were married in New York about 1829, and in 1830, they emigrated to Ohio where Mrs. Smith was born, September 39, '31. She spent her young life in Morrow County, and received a fair education for that day of log school houses. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were blessed with ten children: Balinda E., Alice, Ella, Adelia, Henry P., Dora and Doras, who were twins, Loretta, Frank and Fanny, who were also twins. Doras is deceased. In December, 1853, about three months after the marriage of Mr. Smith, he loaded all his per- sonal property into a two horse wagon and turned his face west- ward, Warren being the place he had selected for his future home. On the 9th of December, he arrived at Noah McGrew's tavern, and he and his wife boarded with Mr. McGrew for several months. Mr. Smith located in Warren for the purpose of engaging in the dry goods business. Soon after his arrival, he rented a room of Mr. McGrew, and the next morning after his arrival here he took five teams and started to Huntington to load them with dry goods and groceries, which he had shipped to Huntington by way of the Wabash & Erie Canal. They left Warren about sunrise and did not arrive in Huntington until after dark, which illustrates the condition of the highways of that day. The next morning the wagons were loaded, each contain- ing about 1,200 pounds of merchandise, and it was 13 o'clock at night before they reached Warren. The names Df the men who aided Mr. Smith in hauling his goods from Huntington were Thorhas Ford, Barney Ford, William Thorp, Isaac Young and David Young, of whom Thomas Ford and Isaac Young are de- ceased. Mr. Smith continued in the general merchandise busi- ness for over thirty-one years, and is to-day spoken of by the young men of Warren, as being in the business when they were boys. Mr. Smith, during his business career in Warren, had associated with him as a partner, Adam Wolfe, of Muncie, Indiana. To-day he is in comfortable circumstances; besides a valuable residence property, he owns a couple of business rooms in Warren. He also owns 160 acres of fine farm land in Section 30. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Smith advocates the principles of the Democratic party. ROBERT SPROWL was born December 13th, 1830, in Preble County, Ohio. His parents, on both sides were of Irish descent. His grandfather, William Sprowl, belonged to the regular array in England, and was with General Wolf at the battle of Quebec, September 13, 1759. After the expiration of his term of enlist- ment he concluded to remain in America, and went to Rock- bridge County, Va., and married Elizabeth Lusk. This marriage 836 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. was blessed with five boys and five girls. All grew to be men and women, of which Joseph Sprowl, the father of our memoir, set- tled in Preble County, Ohio, in 1806. Eobert's boyhood days were spent on the farm, and at the age of thirteen years, accom- panied his father to Indiana, and settled near the present site of Lancaster, Lancaster Township, Huntington Co., and were the first white settlers in the township. In the winter of 1846, the subject of our sketch left the farm and came to Warren and en- tered business. He was married to Hannah Shaffer, daughter of John C. Shaffer, August 14th, 1819. This marriage was blessed with eight children, four living, and all married. About the year 1855 he commenced the business of drugs, continu- ing from that time to the present without change. He was appointed Postmaster at Warren by James Buchanan, and held the office during the term of his administration, and received the appointment again during Andrew Johnson's ad- ministration. Robert's education was very limited, as all other children of our early settlers, but he has always been a staunch supporter of the free school system of the State, and felt it his first duty to see that his children obtained a good busi- ness education. That has been the means of furnishing some of naost thriving business and professional men of this beautiful village. Mr. and Mrs. Sprowl are members of the First Christian Ohurch of Warren, and have been very liberal in the support of the ministry. DR. JOHN S. SPROWL, of Warren, was born April 14, 1850. During his boyhood and youth he acquired an education sufficient to enable him to teach successfully in the schools of the county. At the age of seventeen he began to read medicine, and for two years, diligently prepared himself to enter college. In 1869, he entered the medical department of the University of Michigan, and graduated from that institution, March 27, 1872. He immediately returned to Warren and offered his professional services to his friends and associates. His success was remark- able, and his practice grew to such an extent that in 1875 he was obliged to associate with him Dr. J. Good, who retired from active practice in 1880, but his son. Dr. Charles H. Good, soon after graduated from the Rush Medical College, of Chicago, and took his place. The firm of Sprowl & Good is known far and near, and not only have they an extensive practice in this county, but also in Grant, Wells, and Blackford Counties. In 1880, Dr. Sprowl attended lectures at the " Bellevue Hospital Medical College," of New York, to better acquaint himself with some of the more technical points of the profession. He is to-day a close student in medical literature, and provides himself with the latest thoughts on medical jurisprudence. He holds an honorary degree from the " Fort Wayne Medical College," which he received for reporting the greatest number of cases of obstetrics for one of his age in the profession. In 1866 he associated himself with his SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 837 father, in the drug business, but disposed of his interest to his brother, George M. Sprowl, in 1883. He chose for his life com- panion, Miss Mary L. Good, the charming and accomplished daughter of Dr. J. and M. A. Good, of Warren. The home circle is blessed with one child, Fred, a bright little boy of two years. The Doctor is a self-made man, and from a poor boy, he has risen step by step, until to-day he is probably worth $40,'i00. He has always been liberal in the support of measures designed for the public benefit of the town or community, and is one of its public spirited citizens, and one whose upright character and genial disposition, have gained for him the confidence and esteem of all his acquaintances. He is a member of the F. & A.'M., and of Huntington Chapter. He is also a memlser of the I. O. O. F., and of the Encampment. He belongs to the American Medical Association. Politically a Democrat, but has never been an aspirant for political honors, and has never served in any public capacity. JOHN W. SURRAN, proprietor of the Warren Weekly News, is a native of Carroll County, Ind., where he was born February 19, 1849. John and Elizabeth (Haney) Surran, were his parents. The former was a prominent minister in the United Brethren Church, and assisted in organizing the St. Joseph Conference, and is the only member now living who was present at the time of the organization of the conference. He now resides in Mar- ion County, Michigan, where he has lived since 1856. John was seven years of age when his parents removed to Michigan, and spent his boyhood and youth in that State. He was a close stu- dent and acquired a good education in the common schools of Michigan. In 1868, he entered the Western College of Iowa, and completed the scientific course, graduating from that institution in 1873. He then returned to Michigan and was engaged for a while in teaching. In the fall of 1874, he resolved to take a law course in the University of Michigan, and remained in that col- lege until the spring of 1875, when he was selected as a teacher in the "Roanoke Seminary" of Roanoke, this county. After the close of this term of school he entered the law office of Sayler & Kenner, of Huntington, and remained with this firm until April, 1877, dur- ing the last year of which time he served as local editor on the Huntington Democrat. In the fall of 1877, he began to read law under Judge Everett, of Elkhart, Ind., where he remained until August of 1878. While in Elkhart, he and Edward Curtis estab- lished Elkhart Daily News, but soon disposed of his interest. On September 16, 1878, he came to Warren and established the Warren Weekly News, a neat four page seven column folio in- dependent paper. The first issue was December 5, 1878. The News has been under his management ever since, and has proven a successful enterprise. The circulation is increasing rapidly and compares favorably with any weekly paper published in Huntington County. On December 19, 1881, the News office was 838 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. destroyed by fire, causing what might be termed a total loss, but in six weeks the subscribers were again receiving the News, which has been a welcome visitor every week since. The office is provided with an improved Taylor power press, and a Peerless job press, and is prepared to do any kind of job work furnished in any well regulated office. On September 4, 1886, Mr. Surran married Miss Sarah A. Irwin, a native of this County. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. order and a self-made man. AMOS R. SUTTON, of the firm of Sutton & Sutton, proprie- tors of a leading grocery store at Warren, Ind., was born in Wayne County, Ind., December 19, 1843. When four years of age he went to live with his grandfather, Amos R. Button, who resided in Wabash County. There he resided until he was eigh- teen years old. In 1863 he went to Illinois, and from that State he enlisted on January 7, 1864, in Company K, Twenty-Sixth Regiment. Illinois Volunteers, under command of Capt. Ira J. Bloomfield; he was placed in the Army of the Tennessee, under the command at that time of Gen. W. T. Sherman,- and partici- pated in the following noted battles: Ressaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Decatur, Georgia, Peacn Tree Creek, Atlanta, Ezra's Chapel, Jonesboro, Savannah, Col- umbia, S. C, and Bentonville, N. C. He was with Sherman in his entire march to the sea, and his record shows that he was in some of the hottest battles of the war, through all of which he passed without a scratch. He received an honorable discharge June 3, 1865, and returned to Wabash County, Ind., thence he went to Illinois, but soon returned to Wabash County and in 1879 came to Warren and has resided here ever since. On Sep- tember 1, 1870, he was married to Salista Harlan, and is blessed with one child, Rosa M. Mrs. Sutton died January 10, 1875, a member of the Baptist Church. About nine years after the death of Mrs. Sutton, Mr. Sutton on April 27, 1884, was united in marriage with Louisa T. Crandie, daughter of Michael and Sarah Crandle, old and respected residents of this county. She was a native of Fayette County, this State, where she was bom Decem- ber 31, 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Sutton are members of the Methodist. Episcopal Church. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and Mon- roe Laymon Post, No. 311, G. A. R. He began life a poor boy and has had to always depend upon his own exertions for his support. What he owns to day he has made honestly and by hard work. The " Empire Restaurant " under the management of Sutton & Sutton, is doing a thriving business. Mr. Sutton is a Republican in politics and firmly upholds the principles of his party. John and Sophrona (Groves) Sutton were his parents. REV. SAMUEL H. SWAIM, a time honored pioneer of War- ren, was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, October 35, 1820. His parents were Simeon W. and Nancy (Irwin) Swaim. The former a native of Randolph County, North Caro- SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 839 Una, where he was born March 18, 1799, and died in Huntington County, Ind., in May, 1817. Christopher C. Swaim, Simeon's father, was also born in Randolph County, North Carolina, but under Colonial Government, December ' 24, 1774, and died in Huntington County, Ind., in 1851. . John Swaim, Chris- topher's father, a native of Randolph County, North Carolina, traced his lineage to the colony of Swedes and Finns who set- tled Delaware and New Jersey in 1638, the name " Swaim " being of Swedish origin. John Swaim married Elizabeth Vicory who died in 1833, at an advanced age. Christopher's wife, Simeon's mother's maiden name, was Sally Hines. The wife of Simeon Swaim and the mother of Samuel H. Swaim, was Nancy Irwin, born in Guilford County, North Carolina, Feburary 27, 1799, and' united in marriage to Simeon Swaim, December 21, 1819, died in Huntington County Ind., September, 1865, in her seventy- sixth year. Her father was Samuel Irwin, a native of Guilford County. North Carolina. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Means, was a native of Ireland, born in 1726, and out- lived her son. She died in Guilford County, North Carolina, in 1829, aged one-hundred and three years, when her great grand- son S. H. Swaim was nine years of age. The mother of Nancy Swaim, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Worthington, was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, in 1760, and died in Huntington County, Ind., in 1848, aged eighty-eight years. Her parents, John Worthington and wife, were of English extraction. Simeon W. Swaim emigrated to Preble County, Ohio, in 1833, when S. H. Swaim was thirteen years old, and thence to Sal^- monie Township, Huntington County, Ind., in 1836. On the 26th of April, 1836, James Morrison showed the "newcomer" land in Sections 27 and 28. In due time Mr. Swaim entered an " eighty and a forty " and received the patents for the same, dated May 30, 1837, by " Martin VanBuren ". These parchments now a half a century old are still in the hands of the Swaims, as well as the old farm made by the father and son two miles east of Warren and known as the Swaim "homestead." Samuel's parents did all in their power to educate their children, Samuel H., Mary A., Elizabeth, Christopher G, Cyntha A. and Ruth C. But opportunities in a state cursed with slavery were not good. Samuel, however, mastered Webster's " easy stand- ard of pronunciation," The " Introduction, "" English Reader," " Columbian Orator, " " Pikes Arithmetic, " and some lessons in the " New Testament " during his childhood days. Only a few months' tuition were afforded him after his thirteenth year. Dur- ing the winter of 1840 and '41, he enjoyed the instruction of Judge Nimrod Johnson and Prof. S. K. Hoshour of Cambridge Seminary, Wayne County, Ind. He was married to Miss Eliza- beth P. Back, daughter of Aaron and Margaret E. L. Back. The former was born in Madison County, Virginia, June 18, 1785, and was a soldier during the war of 1812. He fell from his chair in instant death December 13, 1868, aged eighty- three years, five 840 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. months and ttventy-five days. The latter was born in Rock- bridge County, Virginia, December 16, 1788, (her maiden name was Hammer). She died January 12, 1851, aged sixty-three years and twenty-seven days. They both sleep side by side in the " Good " Cemetery near Warren . Elizabeth, their daugh- ter, and the wife of S. H. Swaim was born in Preble County, Ohio, November 28, 1821. The demand for a teacher placed S. H. Swaim in the school house in District No. 8, in 18 14, and he taught not less than twenty terms of sixty to seventy days each, closing his last term in 1866, when the standard of license and the number of branches taught shut him off, and the children he had taught outranked him in the school room. The old man rejoices in the advancement made, and says the standard of requirements of to-day, needs further advancement to secure the greatest success. In 1,840, when in his twentieth year, he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has ever since ad- hered to the same, with an undeviating steadfastness, at the same time he abandoned forever alcohol in all its forms, and has been an uncompromising opponent of the liquor traffic for forty-six years. He has taken and maintained such advanced grounds on the question of prohibition, as to receive some stric- tures from his fellow citizens. He served one term as surveyor of Huntington County. _ He always took an active interest in township affairs, and "assisted in locating the school houses of the same. In May, 1847, his church saw proper to confer on him a license as local preacher, and " Deacon's order, " in September, 1855, and " Elder's order" in September, 1859, and while engaged in the business of his farm for the last forty years, the has been no idler in the church. He taxed himself day and night to read up his church literature, and as a supply filled the position as pastor in the church three terms and was always ready, when called upon to officiate at funerals and marriages. He has also given close attention to political and national questions as they were pre- sented on the passing page of history during the last half cen- tury. He and his loving wife have reared a family of seven children, two of them, one son and one daughter, have gone to rest, the other five, two sons and three daughters, are living to comfort their parents in the decline of life. Their names were: William F., Mahala M., Harriet A., Simeon A., Mary A., Eliza- beth A., and David S., of whom, Mahala M. and Simeon A. a,re deceased. The former was married to Lemuel Colbert and when called across the dark river left two children, Mary E. and Sam- uel E., of whom Mary E. is married to Byron Thompson and blessed with three children, including these great grand- children, Jesse E., Jennie M. and Julia Thompson, Mr. Swaim has lived to see his relatives in seven different generations, which is remarkable. He looks back upon his past life with pleasure, and can call to mind many incidents of note con- nected with it. We will mention one: When one of the little girls who attended his school had grown to womanhood and SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 843 her hand was soup^ht in marriage, Mr. Swaim oflBciated, and in after years solemnized the marriage of her son and daughter. He began life on his own responsibility in limited circum- stances, and after the death of his father it required consider- able tact and labor on his part, to hold the old homestead and to assist his mother in paying a few small debts left, by the father. He and his wife are enjoying a retired life in their comfortable home in Warren where they expect to re- side until they are called to that final resting place of all human- ity. JOHN" H. THOMPSOTsT, Sr. — Prominent among those who have aided in developing this township, is John H. Thompson, Sr. He is now enjoying his eighty -fourth year and has been a resident of Salamonie Township forty-seven years. He was born in Bracken County, Ky., November 13, 1803. His parents Ebenezer and Elizabeth (Howard) Thompson were natives of Virginia. Our subject was reared amid the hardships of farm life. In August, 1821, he was united in marriage with Miss Dorcas Elliott; to this union were born four sons, namely: Ebenezer, Elijah George and Howard, all of whom are now living. Mrs. Thomp' son, the loving wife and mother, was called away in 183l" Mr. Thompson was again married in 1832, to Mary Thompson, by' whom he was blessed with eight children. Margaret, Susan, ,Mary, Ann, Robert, William E., James and Alfred, of whom William E., Alfred and James, are deceased. Mrs. Thompson, the mother of these children was also called away in 1878, since which time Mr. Thompson and his daughter Margaret, have resided together in Warren. Ebenezer Thompson, the father of our subject, settled in Salamonie Township in 1839. During the next year, or in September, 1840, John disposed of the most of his property in Kentucky, at public auction, loaded a four horse wagon with a few personal effects, and with his wife and seven children started over- land for this county. He had to pass through some very broken county and was some weeks in making the trip. But he never lost his courage, and about the 1st of Octo- ber, 1840, he unloaded his wagon on the northwest quarter of Section 13, Salamonie Township. There was not a stick amiss on his land. The Miami Indians had chosen a desirable spot on this tract for a camp, and had erected a large wigwam, which Mr. Thompson tore down and put up a log cabin instead. Into this, he moved his family, and set out to hew a home out of the forest. And many is the night he and his sons spent in burning brush and log-heaps after a hard day's work in the clearing. Thus by degrees he cleared up his farm and provided himself and family with a comfortable home. He started in life a poor, but honest man, and the first twenty years of his married life he passed in Kentucky, merely supporting his family, and it was some years after he emigrated to this county before he began to realize the fruits of his labors. By honest toil, and fair dealing he accumu- 31 844 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. lated considerable of wealth, which he has generously divided between his children. The pioneers are fast fading away, and the time is almost here when all who were identified with the development of this county will have passed away. Our vener- able subject who is now over eighty-four years of age, who came here when all was in the woods and has lived to witness the great change brought about by the settling up of the wilderness of fifty years ago, will ere long be called home. But he has made his mark in the world. He has led an honorable Christian life, and set an example to his sons and daughters. He united with the Campbellite Church in 1840, and has followed the path of a Christian ever since. He has always been ready and willing to assist any enterprise of a, Christian or benevolent character. He expects to end his days in his comfortable home in Warren. JOHN H. THOMPSON, son of John H. Thompson, St., whose biography is found above, was born in Bracken County, Ky., February 23, 1830. At the age of ten he accompanied his parents to this county; they arrived here in the fall of 1840. He re- naained with his parents until the age of sixteen, when he began life on his own responsibility by engaging at work as a laborer, and was willing to engage in any honorable work at which he could make an honest dollar. He was industrious and frugal, and saved his earnings, but the laborer of that day did not receive the wages to enable him to acquire wealth as rapidly as to-day. The fall of '53 found our su-bject financially prepared to purchase an eighty-acre tract of wild land in Section 14. During that year or on January 2, 1853, he was united in marriage with Lucretia Prible, daughter of Enoch and Lydia (York) Prible, natives of Ohio. Lucretia was born in Preble County, Ohio, May 22, 1831. In the fall of 1836 her parents moved to Jefferson Township, this county, where her young life was spent. This union was blessed with eight children: Sarah, Elijah P., Lydia E., Marietta, George G. and John G., who were twins, Ebenezer and Emma A., of whom Sarah, Lydia, George G., John G., Marietta and Eben- ezer are deceased; Elijah and Emma A. are the only survivors of this large family, and both residing in this township. Polit- ically Mr. Thompson is a Republican, and began with the old Whig party. As stated he began life a poor boy, and started from home out into the world to hew his way through by dint of industry and perseverance; he has been eminently successful in a financial sense. He first began here with the wild tract of land in Section 14; he worked almost day and night in his clearing and about his home, and the fruits of those days of hard and honest toil, are seen to- day by a visit to the pleasant home of Mr. Thompson. He owned at one time over 800 acres of fine land, but has disposed of a part of it, and to-day owns over 500 acres, divided into three farms. He resides in Section 13, and his farm is provided with substantial improvements. With the exception of the time elapsing between the spring of '47 and the fall of SALAMONIE TOWNSHIP. 845 '53, he has continued to reside in this township. The country here has developed wonderfully since the boyhood days of Mr. Thompson, and what was then a wilderness has been trans- formed into fine, beautiful farms. The old by-roads have been changed into fine, beautiful highways. Civilization has come to stay, and but few of the pioneers are left to tell the story of life in the woods fifty years ago. Our subject has been honest and upright in life, and holds the respect of the community. JOHN H. THOMPSON, Jr., a prominent farmer, and at present Trustee of Salamonie Township, was born here January 28, 1846, He is the son of Ebenezer and Pemelia (Blair) Thomp- son, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Ohio. John was reared among the hardships of farm life, and received a fair education in his youth. At maturity he engaged in farm- ing for himself, and on August 29, 1869, he was married to Miss Emily Shafer, daughter of George E., and Margaret Shafer, both of whom emigrated to this county from Butler County, Ohio, in 1865. This union was blessed with two children: Alvin and Mvra, of whom Myra is deceased. The wife and mother was also called away July 7, 1875, and on March 19, 1876, Mr. Thomp- son was again married, his choice being Miss Elvira Jones, daughter of Silas and Eliza Jones, whose biographies appear in this history. Elvira was born August 2, 1849, and has spent her entire life in this township. This marriage is blessed with two children: Sylvia and Silas E., both of whom are living. Mr. Thompson is a member of the F. & A. M. order, and a Eepublican ,in politics. In April, 1884, he was elected Trustee of Salamonie Township, and re-elected in April, 1886. Being reared on a farm he adopted farming as a life profession, and has always been very successful. He owns a fine farm in Section 21, besides a valuable residence property in East Warren. He is one of the promising young men of Warren, and calculated to succeed in any business in which he engages. DANIEL ZENT was born in Richland County, Ohio, March 16, 1819. His parents were Jacob and Sarah (Coon) Zent, natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. Daniel spent his young life on his father's farm in Ohio. In 1837, he came with his parents to Salamonie Township. They located near Warren. He soon began farming for himself, and on December 6, 1838, he was married to Mary A. Back, daughter of Aaron and Elizabeth (Hammer) Back. Mary was born in Warren County, Ohio, No- vember 5, 1817, but spent the most of her young life in Preble County, Ohio. They began life together in poverty; $25 would have covered their entire wealth, but Mr. Zent went to work with a will, and has succeeded in providing himself with a fine farm of 200 acres in Sections 33 and 34. He did the greater part of the clearing up of this large farm. The country has developed wonderfully since his arrival. He remembers when there was 846 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. but one cabin between Warren and Huntington. But few of his old pioneer neighbors are left. He has always upheld the prin- ciples of the Democratic party. His antecedents are of remark- able longevity. His grandfather, John Zent, lived to the ad- vanced age of one hundred and seven years. His father, Jacob Zent was ninety-four years of age when called away. CHAPTER XVI. Union Township — Surface Features — First Settlers — Early Land Buyers — Miscellaneous Items — Early Mil- ling Enterprises — Religion — Biographical Sketches. UNION TOWNSHIP embraces a superficial area of thirty-six square miles in the eastern part of the county, being Town- ship 28 north. Range 10 east, of the Congressional survey. It is bounded as follows: Jackson Township on the north. Wells County on the east. Rock Creek on the south, and the Township of Huntington on the west. It is watered and drained by the Wabash and Little Wabash Rivers, the former flowing through the southwest and the latter through the northwest corners of the township, both receiving a number of small tributaries not designated by any particular names. With the exception of small areas of broken land adjacent to these streams, the sur- face of the township may be described as comparatively level and characterized by a deep, black soil, which for general agri- cultural purposes is not excelled by that of any other division of the county. The southern portion was originally quite wet, a considerable area in the southwest corner being a low, swampy prairie, a fact which led the early settlers to locate on the higher lands in the northern part. These wet lands have been re- claimed by a successful system of artificial drainage and that which was formerly considered almost worthless is now among the most fertile and best developed farming districts of the township. Like other portions of Huntington County, Union Township was originally covered with a dense forest growth and many of the first settlers derived a considerable remuneration from the sale of timber which was cut and floated to the saw- mills formerly in operation at various points on the Wabash and Little Rivers. The early settlement of the country necessarily implied the destruction of much fine timber which, if standing to-day, would represent a greater value than the land upon which it grew. The township was first organized by the Board of County Commissioners, September, 1842, and designated by the name of UNION TOWNSHIP. 847 Monroe. " For reasons not now known, it was reorganized in June, 1845, at which time it received the name by which it has since been known." The first settler of the township was John Lewis, who made a tour of the country in 1834, and selected a site for a home on the farm now owned by Messrs. Simonton and Bippus, in Section 5. He entered this and other tracts in various parts of the county, and immediately thereafter erected a cabin for the reception of the other members of his family, who moved out the following spring. Mr. Lewis had formerly been a business man of New York City, but owing to certain reverses, concluded to try his fortune in the then far west. He was a resident of Union for several years, but subsequently engaged in business at Huntington, in which city his death occurred a number of years ago. His son, William H. D. Lewis, came the same time, and for a number of years was permanently identified with the early growth and development of the township. He is at this time an honored resident of Hunt- ington, and one of the oldest residents of the county now living. The same year in which the Lewis family settled in the township, witnessed the arrival of Jeremiah Barcus, who located on what is now the Briant farm, a tract of land at that time owned by Mr. Hanna, of Fort Wayne, who entered it a short time previous. Mr. Barcus resided upon the same for a period of five or six years and then moved to another part of the township. John McEwen, in 1836, settled on the Renbarger farm, in Section 32, and about the same year Joel Seeley settled west of the Lewis place in the northern part of the township. Section 6. Mr. Seeley moved here from Michigan, and a little later was joined by Cyrus Adams and a Mr. Barnhart, both of whom made homes in the same part of the township. The place upon which the former made his first improvements was gotten from Mr. Lewis, who made a deed for 100 acres as compensation for a barn which Mr. Adams erected for him. John Freel came to the township as early perhaps as 1836, and purchased a tract of land in Section 29, upon which he erected a small log cabin the same year. He moved his family from Ohio, but owing to the distance of his new home from any settlement, and the presence of large numbers of wolves, which had the effect to completely " frighten him out," did not occupy his cabin at once, but resided for about one year in Huntington. He moved to his place in 1837, and was a resident of the town- ship for a number of years. Another pioneer of 1837, was the Rev. William Stevens, who had the honor of being one of the earliest preachers and peda- gogues in the northern part of the county. He settled near the Lewis place in the northern part of the township, locating on land for which he engaged to teach and preach a specified length of time as pay. Finding a better opening near Fort Wayne for the exercise of ministeral and scholastic attainments, he subse- quently asked to be released from the contract, and moving to Allen County continued his professional career there for several 848 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. | years. Frederick Yahne was an early settler in Section 5, mov- ing to the township from the State of Ohio, and purchasing from Mr. Lewis. He subsequently moved to Jackson Township, where a son, Emanuel Yahne, also an early settler, still resides. Con- spicuous among the early comers was Adam Young, who is said to have been the first Grerman settler in Huntington County. His first appearance in the township was as a common tramp, ' being alone, friendless and penniless with no definite destination in view. Passing the residence of Mr. Lewis, while making his way from Mr. Vermilyeas, in Jackson Township to Huntington, he stopped and requested a breakfast, promising to pay for the same m any kind of work which the family saw fit for him to do. After eating his breakfast he was told to make himself use- ful in the potato patch near the house, in which he at once went to work with such a will as to surprise even Mrs. Lewis, who was never known to take very kindly to foot pads. He worked on until noon, and after dinner resumed his hoeing, having no inten- tion of quitting until the task was finished, the family in the meantime wondering if he was going to take his departure or not. His manner of working, together with his gentlemanly demeanor, pleased Mr. Lewis, who about the middle of the after- noon concluded to hire the honest German if he desired employ- ment. A bargain was soon made, Mr. Young agreeing to work for $12.00, which Mr. Lewis paid him regularly for a period of seven years. He subsequently purchased a tract of land near Roach's Prairie, Section 27, and was also instrumental in induc- ing quite a number of German friends to locate in the township, sending money to the old country at different times for the pur- pose of bringing his friends and relatives across the water. He is remembered as an honest old bachelor, who went through life with few, if any, enemies. Charles H. Lewis, brother of John Lewis, settled in Section 5 about the year 1839, and another brother, Tomkins D. Lewis, entered several tracts of land and be- came a resident of the township in an early day, also. Murray, Eichard, Hugh and Stephen Freel made homes in the southern part of the township many years ago, and as early as 1838 or 1839, Joseph Seibert, William Whitestine, James Whitestine and Alfred Harris settled in the northern part of the township, the first named locating in Section 5, the Whitestines a short distance south of the river, and Harris near the Wabash & Erie Canal. James Thompson and a Mr. Branstrater entered land and moved to the township in an early day, as did also many others, among whom were a man by the name of Barnes, Benja- min Brown and Rufus Sanders. After the completion of the Wabash & Erie Canal, a large tract of land lying between Wabash and Little Rivers, was purchased by speculators, in consequence of which, no perma- nent settlements were attempted in that part of the township, until after the year 1842 or '43. " The dense forests were left undisturbed, and afforded an exoellent hunting ground, and as UNION TOWNSHIP. 849 provisions were sometimes scarce, the settlers not unfrequently resorted to this means of replenishing their stores." These lands, with other parts of the township, were purchased and im- proved from time to time, and among the later settlers may be mentioned the following persons: Aaron Hill, Benjamin Hill, Daniel Feighner, John S. Young, Alexander Smith, Samuel Kline, John Kline, Adam Smith, Jesse R. Haney, Henrv Kline, John Anson, Austin T. Smith, Aaron Smith, John C. Guthrie, John Silver, Martin Call, John Heron, Daniel M. Shank,. William O. Jones, Seth Smith, Atchison Smith, and Samuel Hayes. 3Iiscellaneous Items.~The first road in the township is the one leading from Fort Wayne to Lafayette, which was cut out from Tippecanoe to Fort Meigs many years before any settle- ments were attempted in tiuntington County. It was first used by the United States Troops in passing between those two points, and although considerably changed in later years, is still an extensively traveled highway. The early houses of the pioneers were the conventional round log cabins, common to all newly settled countries, and it was not until the lapse of several years that improved struc- tures took the place of these rude and homely habitations. Some of the settlers early became great experts in this primi- tive kind of architecture, and it is related of one man that he made a considerable sum of money, building cabins at $50 a piece. The first hewed log houses in the township, were erected by Joel Seeley and Mr. Barnhart, and among the earliest frame houses was the one built by Mr. Branstrater. John Lewis, in 1835, set out the first orchard in the township, with trees which he brought from Long Island, New York; many of these trees are still standing, and although more than a half century old, bear fruit nearly every year. The first death in the Township is said to have been that of Charles Prime, a colored man, who accompanied Mr. Lewis from the City of ISTew York. He died in the year 1837, and lies buried on what is known as the Silver's place. A man by the name of Wolf died in an early day, as did also Mr. Barnhart, and the wife of Tomkins D. Lewis, the last two of whom departed this life some time in the forties. On the 8th day of August, 1836, occurred the first birth in Union, that of Oscar L., son of John and Miriam Lewis. John Barnes, son of one of the earliest settlers on the Little River, was born soon after the family came to the country. Emaline A., sister of Oscar L. Lewis, was born November 37, 1838, and on the 9th day of October, 1841, was born to the same parents another son, Theodore Lewis. Perhaps the first marriage in the township was that of Cyrus Adams, to Jane, daughter of Joel Seeley, solemnized within a short time after the groom moved to the county. About the year 1840, occurred a distressing accident resulting in the instant death of a stranger, who was working at the time for Mr. Lewis. He was cutting down a tree which in its descent 850 HISTOBY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. split a considerable distance up the trunks and twisting around suddenly a part of it struck him in the head crushing his skull into a perfect jelly. A man by the name of AUerton, a workman on the "Wabash road, was accidently killed about the time the road was being cut through the county. It appears that he was assisting in digging out a large tree, and in order to make it fall a certain direction he was ordered to clinch it and fasten a rope to one of the limbs. No sooner had he reached the limb than the tree came to the ground crushing him to death in the fall. William Whitestine, while assisting in raising a log stable, about the year 1865, missed his footing on the building and with the log which he was attempting to adjust fell to the ground, the fall killing him almost instantly. The accidental death of John Silver, one of the substantial citizens of the township, in 1873, was an event that cast a shade of gloom over the entire community. He, with a man, was re- pairing his well, and while near the bottom, a part of the pump which was being drawn up slipped from the chain, falling upon him with such force as to cause his immediate death. Another casualty was the drowning of William Cramer, in Little River, in 1884, It appears that he had just shot a duck and in attempting to wade to it got in water beyond his depth. As is well known Union Township is pre-eminently an agri- cultural district, and but few manufacturing enterprises have been attempted within its borders. The near proximity to saw- mills on the Wabash and Little Rivers in adjoining townships afforded the early settlers means of obtaining lumber, and it was not until within a comparatively recent date that steam saw- mills were brought to the township. The first mill of any kind wg,s built by Andrew Branstrater on Flat Creek, near the eastern boundary of the township, about the year 1847. It was operated quite successfully in an early day and manufactured much of the lumber used by the pioneers of Union and other townships. It finally fell into disuse, nothing having been done with it after 1868. John W. Bunnell was the last proprietor. John Sowers, about the year 1856, built a steam saw-mill near the central part of the township, which was subsequently moved near the Hunt- ington Township line, where the old building still stands. It was a good mill and is said to have done a prosperous business. It was last operated by a Mr. Nave. There are at this time several portable saw-mills in different parts of the township, besides two tile factories operated by Walker & McCoy and George Bailey. Spencer Wheeler has a large lime-kiln, with which he is doing a prosperous business. The last Board of Trustees under the old law was composed of James Thompson, John Heron and Daniel M. Shank. The following gentlemen have held the office since the law providing for a single trustee went into effect, to-wit: Austin L. Smith, Mr. Dumbauld, Alexander Smith, Urias Dum- bauld, E. T. Lee, and the present incumbent, Anthony Weber. UNION TOWNSHIP. 851 Eeligious.— The pioneers of Union, in their rugged toil of clearing the forests and making homes in the wilderness, were not unmindful of their spiritual welfare, and as early as 1837 we learn that religious meetings were regularly held in a little cabin near the canal, Rev. Mr. Stevens doing the preaching. In this same building, which was nothing more than a deserted shanty, Mr. Stevens taught one of the first schools in the north- ern part of Huntington County. Rev. Mr. Ball, traveling minister of the Methodist Church, early visited the settlement, and con- ducted pubHc worship at the residence of Mr. Barcus. The first church building, Mt. Zion, in the eastern part of the township, in Section 1, was erected late in the sixties by the Albright Denom- ination, a society of which was organized a few years previous. This organization is reputed in good condition and is ministered to at this time by Rev. Mr. Smith. In 1870 the Union Church building, near the central part of the township, was built for the use of all denominations, the citizens of the neighborhood contributing tow- ard jits erection. The Wine brenarians, or Church of God, have a society which meets at regular intervals in the building, while worship is also conducted irregularly by ministers of different denominations. Aside from Union Station, on the Wabash & Pacific Railroad, and Roche Station, on the C. & A., there is no town or village in "the township, the population being composed almost entirely of agriculturalists^ noted for their industry, intelligence and thrift. Union Station was established in 1879, and Mardenis Postoffice at the same place a few years later. There is one grocery store at the station, kept by John Anson. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. FREDERICK P. ARMSTRONG, a native of Duchess County, N. Y., and son of Ira and Mary A. Armstrong, was born on the 8th day of March, 1837. His ancestors were English people, a,nd came to America prior to the War of the Revolution, in which struggle his great-grandparents participated. His grandfather, on the father's side, served with distinction in the War of 1813. Ira Armstrong, the father of our subject, was born in New York, February 11, 1803. He was by trade a shoemaker, and in 1837, April 30, married Mary A. Johnston, a native of New Jersey, but at that time a resident of New York City. Mr. Armstrong worked at his trade at Poughkepsie, N. Y., until 1860, at which time he moved to Huntington County, Ind., and settled on land for which he had previously traded, on the Wabash River about six miles east of the City of Huntington. Here he worked at his trade and superintended the clearing of his farm, and in time be- came the possessor of quite a valuable property, accumulating suflacient land to furnish each of his children a good farm. He was an enterprising and public spirited man, was an Elector on 853 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. the Free-Soil ticket in 1844, and later was appointed one of the Commissioners to assess damages for the right-of-way of the Wabash Railroad. He died September, 1859 . His wife survived him several years, dying on the 19th of March, 1864. Frederick P. Armstrong was reared in his native State until his fourteenth year, at which time he accompanied his parents to Hunting- ton County, Ind., where, with the exception of the time spent in the army, he has since resided. He attended school for only a limited period, and at the age of eight began learning the shoe- maker's trade, which he followed for about eighteen years. He then abandoned the bench for the plow, and has followed agri- cultural pursuits ever since, being at this time one of the leading farmers of Union Township. He entered the army September, 1864, joining Company D, Fifty-First Regiment, with which he served until honorably discharged, June, 1865. On leaving the army he returned home and has since that time devoted his at- tention exclusively to his farming interests, owning at the pres- ent time three good farms in Union Township. He has been an earnest supporter of the Republican party, but now believes in the principles of Prohibition, having always been a strong tem- perance man. He was married October, 1861, to Miss Angeline Herron, who was born in Stark County, Ohio, June 10, 1842, the daughter of John and Elizabeth Herron. The following are the names of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong, viz. : Anna, born January 38, 1863; Ira, born May 7, 1866; Elizabeth, born January 33, 1871, and Lucy, born September 13, 1874. GEORGE BAILEY, the subject of this sketch, the eighth son of Jacob and Mary B. (Rubright) Bailey, was born in Trumbull, now Mahoning County, Ohio, on the 38th day of January, 1830. He was reared to manhood on his father's farm, received a lim- ited education in such schools as the country afforded, and having early manifested a decided taste for mechanical pursuits, took up the carpenter's trade at the age of eighteen, and worked at the same at intervals until attaining his majority. He then began contracting and building, in which he met with encouraging suc- cess, working at the same in his own State until the spring of 1851. At that time he visited Huntington County, Ind., and the fall of t)ie following year purchased a tract of timber land in Wells County, to which he moved in the fall of 1853, being at that time an unmarried man. During the summer of 1854 he worked at his trade, and until his marriage lived with his brother. He moved to his land in 1854, went to work with a will, and in due time cleared a good farm, upon which he lived until 1866, when he abandoned agricultural pursuits and engaged in the mercan- tile business at the town of Markle. He was thus engaged until 1869, at which time he disposed of his mercantile business and for some time thereafter was interested in a patent right, which did not prove successful. Losing by the last venture, he again took up the carpenter's trade, which he followed with good sue- UNION TOWNSHIP. gSS cess until 1873, when he purchased his present farm in Union Township, where he has since resided. His place is under a high state of cultivation, supplied with good buildings, and is one of the best farms in Union. Mr. Bailey is a public spirited citizen, alive to everything that pertains to the good of the township, and has the esteem and confidence of all who know him. He has been twice married, the first time, October 19, 1852, to Miss Nancy J. Hersey, of Zanesville, Ohio, daughter of William and Emily (Linn) Hersey. Mrs. Bailey was born September 30, 1835, and was the mother of ten children, five of whom are now living, viz.- George H., James M., Sarah R, wife of William Pasco, Lottie J., and Martha E. Mrs. Bailey died April 3, 1881. December 29, 1881, Mr. Bailey's second marriage was solemnized with Miss Lonna Mit- ten, daughter of James and Sarah (Price) Mitten, parents respect- ively of England and Ohio. Mrs. Bailey was born in the town of Warren, Huntington Co., Ind., July 7, 1849. Mr. Bailey is a Dem- ocrat in politics, and a worthy member of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Bailey is a member of the Baptist Church. L. C. CHANEY, the gentleman whose biographical sketch is herewith presented, was born in Putnam County, Ohio, January 19, 1847. On the father's side he is descended from the Scotch, his grandfather, Thomas J. Chaney, having been born in Scot- land. Thomas Chaney left his native country in an early day, immigrating to the United States and settling in Ohio. He came to Huntington County, Ind., when the country was new and lo- cated in Jackson Township, having been one of the early pioneers of that section. He raised a family of nine children, six sons and three daughters, and died a number of years ago at an ad- vanced age. William C. Chaney, father of subject, was born January 17, 1820, and grew to manhood in Putnam County, Ohio. He married in early life Catherine McOee, and in 1847, with his wife and three children, moved to Huntington County, and set- tled in Jackson Township, a short distance south of the town of Eoanoke, where he cleared a good farm. He served in the late war as member of Company C, Thirty-Fourth Indiana Infantry, enlisting in 1861 for the three years' service, having earned the reputation of a brave and gallant soldier. He died March 14, 1864. Mrs. Chaney died April 13, 1860. L. C. Chaney was but a child when his parents moved to Huntington County, and from that time until the present he has been one of its most estimable citizens. He was raised on a farm in Jackson Town- ship, and after his mother's death was bound out tb one William Jones, with whom he lived until his nineteenth year, attending the common schools at intervals in the meantime. He subse- quently worked as a farm laborer, and by industry and economy, succeeded in saving enough out of his hard earnings to purchase, in 1872, fifty-three acres of his present farm. He now owns eighty acres of good land, and is in the enjoyment of a comfort- able home, the result of his own untiring industry. He married 854 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. May 12, 1873, Mary E., daughter of Artis and ISTancy (Branstrater) Campbell, parents natives respectively of New Jersey and Ohio. Mrs. Chaney was born in Union Township, July 14, 1852, and is the mother of two children, Effie E., born May 22, 1873, and Otis C, born July 6, 1882. Mr. Chaney is a Democrat in pol- itics, and an active member of the Masonic order. E. DUMBAULD, a successful farmer and stock raiser, is a na- tive of Perry County, Ohio, and the eldest of a family of ten children (six sons and four daughters), born to Samuel and Salo- mia Dumbauld. The father was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, of German-Irish parentage. He was by occupation a farmer and distiller, both of which vocations he followed in his native State. In 1836, he moved to Perry County, Ohio, where in 1838, he married Salomia Wimer. September, 1854, he moved to Huntington County, Indiana, and settled on a piece of land which he had previously purchased and upon which he lived until his death, in 1870. He served as Trustee of Union Township several terms, and was a man of prominence in the community where he resided. Mrs. Dumbauld was born in Perry County, Ohio, March 4, 1832, and is still living, having reached the ripe old age of sixty-five years. E. Dumbauld was born December 5, 1839, and was but a youth when the family moved to this township. He enjoyed the advantages of a common school education, and on attaining his majority began life for himself, choosing for his vocation agriculture which he has since followed with the most gratifying success. April 13, 1863, he was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Crist, of Perry County, Ohio, daughter of Philip and C. (Ream) Crist. This union has been blessed with the birth of three children, viz.: William H., born November 25, 1863; Philip M., born August 33, 1867, and James M., born April 25, 1875. Mr. Dumbauld, after his marriage, rented a farm in this township, and the following year purchased forty acres of forest land upon which he made his first improve- ments. He subsequently located upon his present place where in addition to farming he has given a great deal of attention to stock raising, being at this time one of the most successful hog raisers in the county. He is a man of intelligence, fully alive to all the interests of the public and for thirteen years held the oflfice of Township Trustee. He has stock in all the leading en- terprises of the county and takes an active interest in all that tends to the internal improvement of the country. He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. JOHN C. GUTHRIE, farmer and stock raiser, is a native of Warren County, Ohio, born March 3, 1829. His paternal ances- tors were natives of Ireland, his grandfather emigrated from "that country to America, prior to the War of the Revolution in which struggle he took an active part, serving in the American Army for a period of seven years. William Guthrie, our subject's UNION TOWNSHIP. 855 father, was born near the City of Baltimore, Md., in 1789. He subsequently moved to Virginia, and in 1811 to Warren County, Ohio, where he engaged in farming and where for some years he lived the life of a pioneer. He served in the War of 1812, and shortly after leaving the army, married Miss Mary Cowgill, who was born in Virginia about the year 1795. Mr. Guthrie was a man of sterling qualities, highly esteemed by all who knew him, and died the year 1875. His wife preceded him to the grave, depart- ing this life in 1870. They were the parents of five sons, John C, being the youngest member of the family. The subject grew to : anhood in his native county, and until the age of seven- teen, worked on the home farm, obtaining a limited education in the meantime by attending the country schools, the nearest school house being two miles distant from the father's residence. In his eighteenth year he was apprenticed to learn the cabinet maker's trade, and after becoming proficient in the same, worked in different States for a period of nine years, abandoning it at the end of that time and engaging in agricultural pursuits in his native county. He remained in Ohio until the fall of 1864, at which time he disposed of his interests there and pur- chased the farm upon which he now lives, in Union Township, Huntington Co., Ind., moving to the same in October of the above year. He found a place only partially improved, but by perse- vering industry, he has since made it one of the best farms in the township, his buildings and other improvements comparing favorably with those of any other place in the community. His has been a very active and industrious life, throughout which his actions and conduct have been such as to win the confidence and respect of his fellow men. He is liberal in his political views, independent in local affairs, but voting the Democratic ticket in national elections. April 21, 1851, he married Martha Hunter, a native of Warren County, Ohio, where she was born April 26, 1834. Her parents were Thomas and Phosbe (Lallar) Hunter, the former born in Kentucky in the year 1798, and the latter in Warren County, Ohio, July, 1806. Their respective deaths occurred in 1875 and 1850, both having been active mem- bers of the Christian Church, and very religious people. Mr. and Mrs. Guthrie are the parents of the following children, viz.: Annis, Harold, Arabella, wife of Finley Anson, Dennis (de- ceased), Frank, Mary, wife of Melville McPherson, Olive, Clem- mie, Lucy, Grace, and infant (deceased), unnamed. JESSE R. HAISEY was born in Richland (now Morrow) County, Ohio, April 22, 1828, son of Jacob and Phoebe Haney, of York County, Penn. The father was born March 8, 1802, his an- cestors coming to the United States from Switzerland m an earlv day. He married in 1824, Miss Phoebe Rowbaugh, and the same year emigrated to Ohio and engaged in farming. He sub- sequently purchased a tract of forest land, from which he re- deemed a good home, and upon which he spent the remainder ot 856 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. his life, dying in the year ]873. Mrs. Haney was born Novem- ber 17, 1802, and is still living, making her home at this time with her youngest daughter, in Barry County, Mich. Jesse R. Haney is the third of a family of ten children. He was raised on a farm, enjoyed the advantages of a common school educa- tion, and at the age of twenty-one entered upon an apprentice- ship to learn the carpenter's trade, which he abandoned in a short time and engaged in farming. In the fall of 1853 he came to Huntington County, Ind., and purchased forty acres of land in Union Township, upon which he experienced many of the hardships as well as many of the pleasures of pioneer life. He subsequently added to his original purchase, and at this time owns a farm of 130 acres under a good state of cultivation. He is a substantial citizen and enjoys the confidence and respect of a large circle of friends and acquaintances in Union and other townships. He was married March 34, 1850, to Miss Catherine, daughter of Daniel and Catherine (Risurick) Feighner, of Frank- lin County, Penn. Mrs. Haney was born August 14, 1828, and at the age of three years was taken to Ohio, where she lived until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Haney are the parents of ten child- ren, six of whom are now living, viz.: Edward, born Decem- ber 8, 1850; Phoebe A., born December 31, 1854; Maggie, born January 2, 1860; William M., born July 4, 1864; Joseph A., born February 7, 1866, and Jacob, born October 13, 1870. The deceased members of the family were John O., Charley, and two that died in infancy, unnamed. WILLIAM R. MARDENIS, merchant, was born in Urbana, Champaign Co., Ohio, November 20, 1839, and is the son of Chris- tian N. and Elizabeth Mardenis. The father was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the year 1814, and when quite young was bound out to an uncle with whom he lived until nearly grown. Being dissatisfied with his treatment and possessed of a desire to better his condition he ran away from his uncle's family and going to Ohio, secured employment at the City of Columbus, as stage driver, which he continued several years. He subsequently moved to Mercer County, Ohio, and began in farming, and was thus engaged until the time of his death. He was united in marriage at Colmubus, Ohio, to Elizabeth Donovan, who was born in Sussex County, Del., in 1822. To this marriage were born six children, three sons and three daughters, the subject of this sketch being the oldest of the family. Mrs. Mardenis, after her husband's death, naarried Thomas H. Sutton, by whom she had three children. She died in the year 1862. William R. Mardenis was reared on a farm and early contributed his share toward the support of the family. After his mother's second marriage he began life upon his own responsibility, first as a hotel clerk and later as a clerk in a general store, in both of which capacities he won the confidence and esteem of his employers. September 27, 1860, he married UNION TOWNSHIP. 857 Miss Mary E. Harper, daughter of John M. and Elsie A. Harper of Ohio. Mrs. Mardenis was born in Mercer County, Ohio, Novem- ber 30, 184^. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Mardenis engaged m agricultural pursuits which he continued in Mercer County, until 1863, at which time he abandoned the farm and opened a general store in the Town of Mercer. He followed the mercantile business with fair success for a short time, and in 1870, moved to Huntington County, Ind., and settled on a tract of wood land in Union Township. He cleared a nice little farm, but his health finally failing, he was obliged to abandon hard manual labor and engage in some lighter and more congenial employment. Accordingly he erected a small building on the C. & A. R. R, and was appointed railroad agent at the place then known as Miner's Switch, now Mardenis, of which town he was proprietor. He subsequently added a stock of goods and by repeated efforts succeeded in securing a postoffice of which he was postmaster until April, 1887. In his business venture Mr. Mardenis has been quite successful, being at this time in the enjoyment of a large and constantly increasing trade. He is a Eepubhcan in politics, and with his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Mardenis are the parents of three children, whose names are as follows: Clellen E., Elsie J., and Clara E. ANTHONY A. WEBER, a prominent citizen and Trustee of Union township, is a native of Huntington County, Ind., and the oldest of a family of three children born to Michael and Barbara (Huffman) Weber. Michael Weber was born in Germany, and before immigrating to the United States married Mary Ealter, by whom he had eight children. He came to America in 1840, and making his way to Huntington County, Ind., settled in Clear Creek Township, where he engaged in farming and where he still resides in the enjoyment of a comfortable competence the fruits of his persevering industry. His first wife died about the year 1847 or '48, and he subsequently married Barbara Huffman who is still living. Mr. Weber is a man of local prominence, served as Trustee of Clear Creek in an early day and is deserv- edly classed among the representative citizens of that township. Anthony A. Weber was born in Clear Creek Township on the 21st day of January, 1853. He grew to manhood on the farm and early learned those lessons of industry and thrift which char- acterize the successful business man. He enjoyed the advan- tages of a good common school education, and by diligent application to his various studies was sufficiently advanced at the age of twenty to obtain a teacher's license. For eight suc- cessive winters he taught in the common schools of the county, seven terms in his own township, employing his vacations work- ing on the farm. The summer of 1877 he sold agricultural im- plements for P. P. Baker, of Huntington, and in 1879 purchased forty acres of his present farm in Union Township, to which he 858 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. subsequently added another forty,, owning at this time a fine farm of eighty acres, the greater part of which is under a high state of cultivation. April, 1886, he was elected Trustee of Union Township, the duties of which position he is still discharging, having proved himself a capable and painstaking oflBcial. He is an earnest supporter of the Democratic party, and one of Union's most estimable citizens. Miss Mary C. Bucher, of Clear Creek Township, daughter of Samuel and Eliza (Johnson) Bucher, be- came his wife March 20, 1879. Mrs. Weber was born August 6, 1859, and is the mother of three children, viz.: Lilly M., born April as, 1880; William M., born June 28, 1882, and Grace G.,born June 18, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Weber are members of the Lutheran Church. JOHN S. YOUNG, the subject of this biography, is a native of Warren County, Ohio, and the elder of two children born to John and Sarah Young, natives respectively of New Jersey, and Ohio, the father born near the city of Camden in the year 1800, and the mother in the vicinity of Cincinnati, October 15, 1808. John Young grew to manhood in his native State, and in early life learned the carpenter's trade. Shorly after his first mar- riage he emigrated to Warren County, Ohio, and settled in the woods near the Little Miami River, where for a number of years he experienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer life. Here his wife died in 1834, leaving three children, one son and two daughters. April 1836, he married his second wife who is still living, making her home at this time with her son, the sub- ject of this sketch. Mr. Young was a man of great energy and industry, well respected by all who knew him; he died in the year 1842. John S. Young was born March 20, 1837. He was but five years old when his father died, accordingly, was early in life obliged to rely in a great measure upon his own resources, begining active work on the farm at the age of nine. A little later he took charge of the home place, and from the age of six- teen has looked after his mother's interest, proving himself a son of which any mother might feel justly proud. In the fall of 1864, he sold the farm, and coming to Huntington County, In- diana, purchased eighty acres of his present place, in Union Township, to which he moved the following spring. He has added to his place at different times, and now owns one hundred and twenty-five acres of well improved land, the fruit of his own in- dustry. He has been a hard working man, begining life's battle with but a limited capital; has succeeded in accumulating a handsome competence, his farm and improvements being among the best in the township. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and a Democrat in politics, though not a partisan in the sense of seeking official preferment. November 25, 1863, was solemnized his marriage with Miss Elvie Ward, of Warren County, Ohio, daughter of James and Ellena Ward, natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. Mrs. Young was born March WARREN TOWNSHIP. 859 10, 1844, and died October 31, 1885; she was the mother of the following children, to wit: Ida B..born March 12,1864; James E., born January 19,1866; John G., born March 18, 1871; William H., born March 13, 1873, and Sarah E., born June 35, 1878. Mr. Young married his present wife, Frances Smith, on the 13th day of January, 1887. She is the daughter of Jacob Smith, and was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, July 9, 1840. CHAPTER XVII. Warren Township — Boundary and Surface — Early Set- tlement — Organization — Religious History — Claysville — Bippus — Biographical Sketches. WARRE]Sr TOWNSHIP.— Warren originally formed a part of Clear Creek Township, and was set apart as a distinct division in June, ]8o3. It includes a superficial area of twenty- four square miles in the northwest corner of Huntington County, bounded on the north by Whitley County, on the east by Clear Creek Township, on the south by Dallas Township, on the west by Wabash County, and forms part of Township 39 north, Range 8 east, of the Congressional survey. The surface of the country is quite level, requiring artificial drainage to bring the greater part of the land into successful cultivatian. The soil is a black loam, very fertile and well adapted to general farming. All the crops grown in this part of the State being sure of rapid growth and large returns. There is perhaps a greater amount of drain tile used by the farmers of Warren than by those of any other township in the county, there being a perfect net work underly- ing all parts of the country. By this means large bodies of wet lands have been successfully reclaimed, and in localities once considered almost worthless are now to be seen some of the most fertile and best improved farms in the township. Warren is a heavily timbered district, but the greater part of the dense forests which greeted the eyes of the pioneers has been gradually cleared and brought into cultivation. Timber is still an important factor in the township, and immense quantities are every year manufactured into lumber and shipped to various parts of the country. . Settlement. — The first permanent settler withm the present limits of Warren Township, was George Sellers who moved from Stark County, Ohio, in the spring of 1836, and located a home m Section 11. He was a widower, and had a family of three sons and four daughters, all of whom lived in the wagon until a house could be erected, an undertaking which required a couple of 32 860 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. weeks of very hard and laborious toil. Unlike many of the pioneers of a new country, Mr. Sellers possessed considerable means which by judicious investments in land enabled him as years went by to accumulate a handsome property. He died in the township several years ago. A son, George Sellers, .Jr., also an early settler, is one of the prominent residents of Warren at the present time. Thomas Staley was, perhaps, the next person to attempt a settlement in the township, his arrival anti-dating the year 1837. He came from Ohio, also, and settled in Section 3, where he lived for a number of years, disposing of his place in a later day and moving from the county. The place upon which he settled is now owned by Emery Slusser. George Slusser, in the spring of 1837, settled where Frank Sprinkle lives, in the eastern part of the township, and the same year the Hockensmith farm, a short distance east of Bippus, was settled by Henry Kuntz. Hiram Westover was an early settler in Section 9, and about the year 1840 or 1841, George Slusser, cousin to the Slusser above named, is reputed to have been living in Section 34. Conspicuous among the comers of 1840, was John Altman, who improved the farm where his widow still lives in Section 14. He was a man of intelligence, and in an early day filled the offices of Jus- tice of the Peace and Township Trustee. C. Dailey, an early pioneer of Clear Creek, moved from that township to Warren, about the year 1840 or 1843, and settled where Dr. Trembley now lives on the present site of Bippus. In 1838, John Funk, a native of Ohio, came to Huntington County, and a little later took possesssion of a tract of land in Section 15, which his father had formerly entered. He began improving the same in 1840, but did not become a permanent resident of the township until some time in the fifties. He cleared a small patch of ground and set out an orchard and in 1843, taught the first school in the township in a little log build- ing on Section 14. Mr. Funk has always taken an active interest in the affairs of the township and is quoted as an authority on everything that pertains to its history. As early as 1839 or 1840, one Michael Smith, rented the Fink- enbiner place. Section 14, where in connection with farming he for some years carried on the shoemaker's trade. Peter Kitt, in 1841, settled in the northeast corner of the town- ship, and about the same year, William Guffin, Jacob ShuU and Ezra Thome moved to the county; the first named settling near the Whitley County line, Section 3, Mr. ShuJl in the same section, and Thorne in the southern part of the township. The following settlers came in an early day and took an active part in the developement of the township, to-wit: George France, Daniel Dishung, Jacob Myers, David Shoemaker, Peter Gressley, John Byers, George Brugh, Samuel Funk, John T. Cook, and Mr. Noyer. Warren was formally organized in June, 1843, and within a short time thereafter an election was held for the purpose of WAEEEN TOWNSHIP. 861 choosing the necessary township officials. Jacob ShuU was appointed Inspector, and the canvass of the votes showed the following officers elected: Christian Dailey, George France and John T. Cook, Trustees; William T. Guffin, Clerk; James White, Treasurer, and John Funk. Constable. The last board of Trustees was composed of John Funk, EHas Sprinkle, and Peter Elser. The first single Trustee was John Altman. The Trustee at this time is Thomas Bolinger; Justices of the Peace, Philip Bolinger and Levi Kuntz. The first mill in the township was built by Joseph Miller^ about the year 1885, and stood on Section 23. It was started as a saw mill, but machinery for the grinding of grain was subse- quently attached, thus relieving the neighbors of the necessity of traveling to remote parts of the country for their breadstuffs. It did a good business, was in operation for a period of six or eight years, and finally burned down. Messrs. Howenstine and Brightmire were the last owners. A steam saw mill was built at Claysville, some time in the fifties, by a Mr. Bolinger, which did a fair business for several years. It passed through the hands of different parties and was finally moved from the township. A Mr. Cole built a steam saw mill in the southeastern part of the township many years ago, which manufactured much of the lumber used by the settlers of that locality. At this time there are four saw mills in the township operated by the follow- ing men: Bradley Howenstine, Reuben Bentz, Mossman & Smith, and Mossman & Co. The other industries of the town- ship are two tile factories, operated by Bender Bros., and George Eickard, and two large cider mills, by Bolinger & Krider, and L. Everhart. The religious history of the township dates from quite an early day, many of the pioneers having been active members of the church before moving to the new country. The first meet- ing was held at the residence of George Sellers in 1839, by a traveling minister of the Methodist denomination, and later in the same year a society of the United Brethren Church was or- ganized and a log building for public worship erected on the land of George Slusser, in the eastern part of the township. This house while erected nominally as a United Brethren Church was placed as the disposal of all denominations, and services were frequently conducted by various members. The United Brethren Society continued to increase in members and influence and early became a potent factor for good in the com- munity. Many of the substantial citizens having been enrolled among its members. A new frame building was erected about the year 1875 or 1876, and at this time the organization is in a prosperous condition, supporting preaching at regular intervals and a good Sunday School. The Lutherans organized a church in an early day, and erected a house of worship about a mile west of the village of Bippus. The society is still kept up and has a substantial mem- 862 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. bership. The German Baptist was early represented in the township, and in 1881, that denomination in connection with the Evangelical Lutherans erected what is known as the Union Church, in Section 15, a large and commodious brick building representing a capital of about $4,500. Meetings are held by denominations. Elder David Krider preaching for the Baptists, and Rev. Thomas Bolinger for the Lutherans. The Brethren or progressives of the German Baptist order use the house at inter- vals also, their ministers being Rev. William Summers and Reuben Binkley. The Albright denomination or Evangelical Church have an- organization at the village of Bippus, which dates its history from about the year 1885. A beautiful brick temple of worship was erected in the summer of that year at a cost of $2,300. The present pastor is Rev. A. S. Fisher. The first birth in the township was that of Thomas Staley, which occurred in the year 1839. The first marriage was solem- nized in 1837, the contracting parties being William Delvin and Susan, daughter of George and Sophia Sellers. George Sellers, Jr., and Rebecca Stally were married in an early day also. The first death in the township was that of Mr. Noyer, who was accidentally killed by the falling of a tree in 1841. A couple of years later William Stally, while cutting a bee tree was killed by a piece of a dead limb falling upon his head. St. Peter's Cemetery in Section 15, is the oldest burying ground in the town- ship, the first person laid to rest therein being Sarah, daughter of John Altman, whose death occurred in 1844. Jacob ShuU, one of the pioneers of the township, was the second' person buried at this place, his death occurring a little later. The first orchards in the township were set out by John Alt- man, George Sellers and John Funk, and the first wheat was raised by George Slusser. The first road was the one leading from Huntington to Goshen, cut through the township as early as 1838. A section of this highway was cleared of logs the fol- lowing year by John Funk. Village of Claysville (Bracken Postoffice), in Sections 9 and 10, was laid out in an early day on the land of Hiram Westover. It early became the chief source of supplies for the surrounding country, and among its business men from time to time were James Ferguson, Smith & Blood, Frank Sprinkle and Thomas Bolinger. There are at this time two general stores, kept by Elias Sprinkle and William Moffat. Charles W. Fry is the resi- dent physician of the place, and tbe village blacksmith is Robert King. Bippus. — The Village of Bippus on the C. & A. Railroad in the southern part of the township was laid out into lots by Jacob Coblentz about the year 1884. Prior to that time, however, a small store had been started in the place by Joseph Sell, who for several years carried on the goods business in connection with his trade of wagon making. When the C. & A. road was constructed efforts were made to secure a station; but unfortu- WARREN TOWNSHIP. 863 nately for the village the depot was erected nearly a mile east of the town, a fact which hae doubtless prevented the place from becoming one of the flourishing towns of the county. Since the completion of the road, however, the village has been quite a good trading point, and has at this time three business houses kept by G. R. Stillwell, Sell & Co., and W. D. Suit, the first two handling general merchandise, and the last named carrying a full line of drugs. The following medical men have practiced the healing art in the village at different times, viz. : Joshua Simons, Dr. Peters, William Deidrich, John Horn, J. D. Horn and G. D. Trembley, the last named being the present physician. The mechanics of the village are Simon Bolinger and Philip King, blacksmiths; Jacob Lent, Ephriam Brightmire, Jacob Lament and J. W. Graybill, carpenters. In the year 1884 a large saw mill was built in the village by Hoffman & Co., who subsequently sold out to Jacob Nye, Jr., and he in turn to Mossman & Co., the present proprietors. The mill does a very large business, and is one of the most successful in- dustries of the kind in Huntington County. The other manu- facturing interests of the place are a tile mill operated by the Bender Bros., and a hoop factory carried on by the same firm. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THOMAS BOLINGER, a citizen of Warren Township, is a native of Ashland County, Ohio, where he was born March 31, 1838, being the next youngest in a family of eight child- ren born to Henry and Mary (Carmoney) Bolinger, who were both natives of Dauphin County, Penn. They emigrated from Ohio to this county and State, September, 1853, settling on the farm, on which they continued residents until their death. Our immediate subject was reared to almost manhood in his native county. He received a common school education, all obtained in Ohio. Upon coming to this county, he at once engaged in teach- ing, and followed that at intervals for some time, since which he has made farming his occupation. June 13, 1869, his marriage with Letitia A. Barnes was solemnized. Mrs. Bolmger was a daughter of Peter and Mary (Lewis) Barnes, who were natives of Virginia. Mrs. Barnes was born February 10th, 1843. Mr. Bolinger has been a successful farmer. He now owns 230 acres of well improved land, the accumulation of his own industry and economy. He and wife are members of the Evangelical Luth- eran Church. In politics, he has always been a staunchDemo- crat, and has been honored with an election to the offaces ot County Surveyor, Justice of Peace, two terms, and Township Trustee in 1886, and is the present incumbent of that position. Since 1884, Mr. Bolinger has occupied the pulpit of the local churches, preaching and filling regular appointments at the 864 ■ HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. churches in the Zion charge, and has conducted and assisted in several protracted efforts. With the exception of twenty acres, owned by his brother Philip Bolinger, the old homestead is in the possession of our subject. ANDREW G. BROOKOVER, farmer of Warren Township, is a native of Brown County, Ohio, born near Aberdeen, Decem- ber 39, 1838, being the eldest of a family of ten children, born to George W. and Eliza J . (Guffin) Brookover. They were natives of Brown County, Ohio, and Bracken County, Ky., respectively, the former of German descent, his paternal grandfather, Jacob Brookover, being a native-born German, emigrating to the then Colony of Maryland, later removed to Frederick County, Va., of which he continued a resident until his death. His son, Aseal Brookover, paternal grandfather of our immendiate subject, was born in Maryland, July 1, 1775. He grew to manhood in his na- tive State, from whence he removed to Mason County, Ky. Before coming to that place he had married Margaret GuflBn in Virgmia. In 1801 he removed to Brown County, Ohio, where Geo. W. Brook- over, father of our subject, was born June 1, 1816. The latter came to Indiana in September, 1855, locating immediately in Warren Township, of which he continued a resident until his death, which occurred October 2, 1879. He was united in mar- riage with Eliza J. Guffin, February 14, 1838, in Bracken County, Ky. His widow still survives him and makes her home at Hunt- ington. Our immediate subject grew to manhood and has always lived in Warren Township since the settlement of the family in the county. He received a common school education in the schools of the vicinity. September 25, 1862, his marriage with Cordelia A. Lewis was solemnized, and to their union seven chil- dren have been born, of whom these six are now living: Eva 0., Ulysses G., Cora A., Iva D., Jessie I., and Guy Lewis. The de- ceased child was Ina May. Mr. Brookover has always made farming his occupation, and he has been very successful. He now owns 285 acres of well improved land. He is a member of the Church of God. His politics are Republican, and he always manifests a good live interest in the political affairs of the county and community in which he lives. Mrs. Brookover was born in Rush County, Ind., July 6, 1844, and is a daughter of Thomas S. and Elizabeth (Summers) Lewis. They were born January 8, 1831, and September 23, 1823, in Bracken and Bath Counties, Kentucky, respectively. They came to this county in 1851, and have ever since resided in Warren Township. Mr. Brookover is one of the leading men of Huntington County, and is highly psteemed by those who know him. NEHEMIAH BROWN, of. Warren Township, is a native of Preble County, Ohio, born near the village of Camden, March 6, 1828, being the eldest of a family of two children born to Isaiah M. and Mary (Thompson) Brown, the former, a native of New ,j4-^t^r.'^^6\.^U^'-^ WARREN TOWNSHIP. 866 Jersey, was born October, 1805, the son of Clayton Brown, who was also a native of Nt^w Jersey. The latter a native of Penn- sylvania, was born June 16, 1805, from whence the family re- moved to Ohio about 1816, where the father of our immediate subject grew to manhood, receiving what was for those days a fair education. Shortly after attaining his majority he was united in marriage with Mary Thompson . This marriage was of comparatively short duration, his wife dying October 6, 1830. In the spring of 1833, Martha A. Silver became his wife. In the fall of 1848, he emigrated to Indiana, reaching Huntington County, the first of November that year, and he continued a resident of this county until his death, which occurred April 16, 1857. His last wife survived him, and died at the house of her daughter, in Missouri, July 18, 1883, at the age of seventy-eight years. He was a man of considerable local prominence and was honored with an election to the office of Township Trustee. He was an active member in the Society of Friends, and lived a true and devout Christian life. The two children by his first marriage were Nehemiah and Charles, who became with their father resi- dents of Huntington County, and have since remained such. The former, the subject of our sketch, received a common school edu- cation in his native State and county suflBcient to enable him to take charge of the neighborhood schools, upon coming to this county. He remained at home and assisted his parents until he attained the age of twenty-four, when June 10, 1853, his and Sarah Moore's nuptials were celebrated, and to their union six children have been born, of whom these five are now living: Mary J., now Matron of the Ladies' Hall at the Valparaiso Normal School; Albert, who married Annie Sprinkle; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Cyrus Stultz; Laura E. and Emma L. He has alw-ays made farming his occupation and he has been very successful. He now own 200 acres of well improved land. He is a member of the Friend's Church, a man of pronounced temperance views and as such casts his ballot for and with the cause of the Prohibi- tion party, and is a warm advocate of the principles of that party. He was one of the principal stockholders, and was largely instru- mental in having the Huntington and Maple Grove Pike Road con- structed, serving as its superintendent six years. Mrs. Brown is a daughter of John and Margaret (Evans) Moore, who were among the early settlers of this vicinity. She was born Febru- ary 27, 1831. John C. Brown and family, came to the county and settled in Warren Township about 1853, and lived here until his death in 1872. He was the father of a large family of children, most of whom have removed from the county, only one descend- ant, a daughter, Mary, wife of J. F. Smith still living here. JOHN T. COOK, a citizen of Warren Township, and one of its earliest settlers, is a native of Kent County, Delaware, where he was born, October 27, 1815, being the only child born to James and Sarah (Taylor) Cook, who were also natives 866 HISTOKY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. of Delaware. Our subject grew to manhood in his native State receiving a limited education in consequence of the poor facili- ties of those days. Upon attaining his majority he emigrated to Indiana and first located in Rush County, of which he remained a resident for six years, when in January, 1842, he removed to this county and settled on the farm, where he has since lived. The country was then a wilderness of woods which abounded in game of all kinds. May 11, 1837, his marriage with Mary Morris was solemnized, and to their union seven children were born, of whom these four are now living: Hugh, who married Margaret Vorse; James, whose wife was Eliza J. Ransom; Camilus, whose consort was Elizabeth Vorse, and William, who married Amelia Davis. Oliver, whose wife was Serf Blood, since deceased; John, deceased, lost his life in the service of his country, and Charles, deceased. February 8, 1853, Mr. Cook suffered the bereavement of losing his beloved wife. July 26, 1853, his and Lurana (Baugher) Kerns nuptials were celebrated and three children have been born to them: Minerva now Mrs. David Kincade; Octava, widow of John King, and Artemessa, deceased. Mr. Cook has always made farming his occupation and he has been very successful. He is the proprietor of a fine, well improved farm of 160 acres, all the accumulation of his own industry and economy, and may take rank as one of the self-made men. He and wife are members of the Adventist Church commonly known as Soul Sleepers. In politics he has always been a Repub- lican and he always manifests a good live interest in the politi- cal affairs of the county and community in which he lives, where he enjoys the respect and esteem of all who know him. LINUS EBERHART, of Warren Township, is a native of Hohrnzollern, Prussia, where he was born September 16, 1833, being the third in a family of five children, born to Michael and Barbara (Henger) Eberhart. Our subject grew to manhood in his native country, receiving a good education in the German and Latin languages. In 1852, he emigrated to the United States, first locating in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where he lived until the spring of 1855, when he settled just over the west line of Hunt- ington County, Chester Township, in Wabash County, living there until I860, when he removed to the farm on which he now resides. In 1854 his parents followed him to this country, but his father died at New York with cholera. October 7, 1858, his marriage with Elizabeth Ade, was solemnized, and to their union nine children have been born: Eliza, now Mrs. Clayton Rodkey; Christina K., wife of Samuel L. Emley; John, unmarried; Emanuel, who married Jane Emley; Lydia M., William F., Emma A., Jacob H. and Simon F. He has always made farm- ing his occupation, in connection with which he shipped and manufactured staves for a number of years, and he has been very successful. He now owns a fine, well improved farm of eighty acres. He and wife are members of the Evangelical WARREN TOWNSHIP. 867 Lutheran Church. In politics he is a Democrat, and the good condition of the roads of the township is due to his having filled the position of Road Supervisor for a number of years. DR. CHARLES W. FRY, physician and surgeon, at Bracken, is a native of Crawford County, Ohio, where he was born March 1, 1853, being the eldest of a family of four children born to Jacob and Ellen (Cross) Fry, who were natives of Tuscarawas and Wayne Counties, Ohio, respectively. They migrated to Indiana, and Huntington County, in the year 1861, settling in Clear Creek Township, since which time they have remained residents of the county. Our immediate subject grew co manhood in this county receiving a common school education, supplemented by attend- ance at the Mt. Union College, Stark County, Ohio. In 1873, he engaged in teaching, which he continued until 1875, when he commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Shaffer, under whose tutorage he continued until 1878, during which time, in the winter of '76 and '77, he took a course of lectures at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. He also at inter- vals taught school. In the winter of 1885 and '80 he took a sec- ond course at the same school, graduating from that institution in the spring of the latter year, since which time he has devoted his entire attention to the practice of his profession. May 3, 1885, his marriage with Ettie GriflSn was solemnized. While young in the profession he has been quite successful, and enjoys a good remunerative practice. In politics he is a staunch Republican, and he always manifests a good live interest in the political affairs of the county and community in which he lives. Dr. Fry is a member of the Huntington County Medical Society. DAVID LICHTEJTWALTER, a leading citizen of Warren Township, is a native of Starke County, Ohio, born near Canton, June 17, 1819, being the third in a family of nine children born to Daniel and Rachael (Bear) Lichten waiter, who were both born in Pennsylvania, the former of Swiss descent. Our immediate subject was reared in his native county, remaining at home and assisting his parents on the farm until he attained the age of eighteen years, receiving a limited education in the primitive log school houses of those days, which was greatly supplemented by reading and study without the aid of a teacher, becoming suf- ficently well qualified to engage as an instructor, which he did two terms. Upon arriving at the age of eighteen he began learn- ing the carpenter trade, serving an apprenticeship of two years. He continued to follow that for about fourteen years. May 18, 1842, his marriage with Matilda Kelt was solemnized, and to their union twelve children have been born, of whom these six are now living: Rachel, widow of H. D. Fox; James, who mar- ried Laurella Gorsage; Matilda, Lillie, Sadie, wife of J. C. Henry, and Lincoln. John, the eldest son, lost his life in his country's cause, at Fort Donaldson, the first fight after his enlistment. 868 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. August^ 1861. After a three years' residence at Crestline, Ohio, he removed to Piercton, Kosciusko County, 1855, coming there contracting to bridge a mill pond in that vicinity for the Pitts- burg Railway. He continued to reside there until June, 1873, when he removed to his present residence. November, 1861, he realized the necessity of the preservation of our Union, and en- listed in Company I, Forty- Seventh Regiment of Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, entering the service as principal musician, continuing in that capacity until October, 1863, when he was discharged on account of disability. Since coming to Hunting- ton County he made saw milling his occupation, but has now retired from that business, and devotes his entire attention to farming, and has been very successful. He now owns 180 acres of improved land. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. and Masonic fraternities, but is now on demit from them. He also is a mem- ber of the G. A. R. His political views are Republican, and while a resident of Kosciusko County was honored with an elec- tion to the office of Justice of the Peace. Mr. Lichtenwalter has never entirely recovered his health, and the government in recognition of his services, assists him with a pension at the rate of $4 per month. ELIAS SPRINKLE, merchant at Bracken, established his business in 1878. He carries a stock of about $2,000, doing an an- nual business of about $5,000. He is the senior rnember of the firm of Sprinkle & Son. Mr. Sprinkle is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, where he was born August 11, 1824, being the sixth in a family of eight children, born to Michael and Mary M. (Muntz) Sprinkle,who were both natives of Maryland; the former lived to be seventy-three years old and died in Ashland County, Ohio, his widow survived him, coming with our immediate sub- ject to Indiana in 1854, where she lived until 1876, when she died at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. May 4, 1845, the nuptials of Mr. Sprinkle's marriage with Catherine Bolinger, ■were celebrated, and to their union these three children have been born: Benjamin F., who married Flora A. Myers; Thos. A., whose wife was Mary A. Brodbeck, and Mary J., now Mrs. Henry P. Myers. Upon settling in Huntington County, Mr. Sprinkle en- gaged in work at the carpenter's trade, wbich he followed until 1877, in connection with which he farmed some. From a business point of view he has been reasonably successful. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics, he is a Republican. While a resident of Wabash County, he was Assessor, and in former years was honored with an election to the office of Township Trustee for Warren Township. Lafayette SULT, a leading and one of the most enter- prising citizens of Warren Township, was born July 39, 1843, in Morris County, Ohio, the youngest son of a family of six sons and four daughters, born to Daniel and Barbara (Tergarden) WARREN TOWNSHIP. 86^ Suit, who were both natives of Lehigh and Westmoreland Counties, Penn., respectively. They came to Ohio in a very early day, from whence in the year 1855, they removed to Indiana and Huntington County, first locating and continuing to live the rest of their days on the land now owned and occupied by our sub- ject. LaFayette grew to manhood in this county, receiving a limited education in consequence of the poor facilities afforded the children of his day. At the early age of eighteen years, he alive to the necessity of the preservation of our Union, gallantly enlisted as a volunteer, August B, 1861, in Company C, Thirty- Fourth Indiana Regiment, where he served until September 12, 1863, when he was honorably discharged at Helena, Ark., on ac- count of disability. October, 1863, he re-entered the service in Company D, One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment of Volunteer Infantry, from which he was mustered out as First Duty Ser- geant, on the staff of Capt. A. S. Purviance, December, 1865. Anterior to entering the service he had learned the tinner's trade; after his return he followed that business for about six years, when for a period of five years immediately subsequent he was engaged in contracting and constructing public work, since which time he has made farming and stock raising his occupa- tion. October 31, 1865, his marriage with Harriet C. Clark was solemnized, by whom he is the father of seven children, these six now living: William D., Cora L., Minnie J., Melvin W., Sol- omon T., and Robert J. F. William D., the eldest, is engaged in the drug business at Bippus, having the finest store in the village, which he estabUshed in June, 1885, and by his courteous and obliging manner and straightforward dealing has been enabled to build up a good remunerative trade. From a business point of view Mr. Suit has been successful. He is the proprietor of a fine farm of seventy-seven acres and a member of the I. 0. O. F. In politics, he is an ardent Republican and always warmly ad- vocates the principles of that party, and may be found always working for its success. He was honored with an election to the office of Justice of the Peace, April, 1881, which bespeaks his popularity as the party is largely in the minority. GEORGE D. TREMBLY, physician and surgeon at the village of Bippus, is a native of Whitley County, Ind., born January 29, 1846, being the next eldest of seven children born to John b. and Ellen D. (Witt) Trembly, who were natives of New Jersey and Ohio, respectively, they having settled in Whitley County about 181:4. Our immediate subject was reared to manhood m his native county. He received a high school education supple- mented by one year's attendance at Mendota College, Mendota, 111. In 1872 he began reading medicine with C. Sender, with whom he remained three years, during which time he took two courses of lectures at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, graduating from that institution February, 187o,he then returned to Whitley County and entered into partnership with 870 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. Dr. E. Merriman, which continued two years, when he removed to Bracken, where he remained engaged in th« practice of his profession until the spring of 1885, when he located at Bippus. April 15, 1875, his marriage with?-Martha Bechtel was solemnized, and to their union five children have been born, of whom these three are now living: Clara A., James R. L. and an infant boy. Mrs. Trembly, a native of Whitley County, a daughter of Martin and Maria (First) Bechtel, natives of Ohio, and early set- tlers of Whitley County, was born November 33, 181:7. October, 1864, Mr. Trembly enlisted for a term of one year in the service of his country, but owing to sickness and the way hostilities were arranged he never saw active service, and was discharged May, 1865, on account of the close of the war. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and also belongs to the Huntington County Medical Society, and filled the position of President of that association for the year of 1886. He formerly belonged to the Wabash County Medical Society before an organization of that kind was perfected in this county. He enjoys a good re- munerative practice. In politics he is a Democrat, and he always manifests a good live interest in the political affairs of the county and community in which he lives. After his return from the army his physical health being greatly impaired, he then en- gaged in teaching, which he followed at intervals, during which time he was enabled to save some means which he subsequently used in paying his expenses while pursuing his study of medi- cine, but that was soon expended, and he was enabled to com- plete his education by borrowing of his friends. His literary and medical education are almost entirely the fruits of his own energy, industry and economy. JACOB WETHERS, a prominent citizen of Warren Town- ship, is a native of Wayne County, Ohio, where he was born, February 5, 1843, being the next eldest in a family of seven children, three boys and four girls born to Jacob and Kathrina (Howenstine) Wethers, who were of German descent, born in Switzerland near the boundary of Germany, where their mar- riage occurred. The former had made a visit to the United States, prior to his marriage, but only remained one year, when he returned to his native country: Upon coming back to the United States, he first located in Pensylvania, where he lived seven years and worked in the iron works, when in 1844 he emi- grated to Wayne County, Ohio, living there one year, when he came to Huntington County, and settled in Warren Township, of which he continued a resident until his death which occurred November, 1870. He was what might be termed one of the ear- liest or pioneer settlers of Warren Township. The country was a wilderness of woods, abounding in game of all kinds. He ex- perienced all the diiBculties incident to pioneer life. Our im- mediate subject grew to manhood in this county, receiving a common education, greatly supplemented in later years by read- WAYNE TOWNSHIP. ^7X ing. He remained at home and assisted his parents on the farm until he attained the age of twenty years, when he worked for about four years by the month, when he purchased a farm November 1, 1868, his marriage with Charlotta A. Rice was solemnized, and to their union four children have been born of whom these three are now hving: Elizabeth A., born January 6, 1870; William F., born December 11, 1876; John F,, born Janu- ary 7, 1883. He has always made farming his occupation, and he has been very successful. He now owns eighty acres of well improved land. He and wife are members of the EvangeUcal Lutheran Church. In politics, he is a Republican, and he always manifests a good live interest in political affairs. CHAPTER XVin. Wayne Township — Area and Situation — Land Entries — Settlement — Township Organization — Early Events — Improvements — Churches — Banquo — Biographical. WAYNE TOWNSHIP embraces a territorial area of twenty- four square miles in the southwest corner of Huntington County, and forms part of Township 26 north, Range 8 east, of the Congressional Survey. Its boundaries are as follows: Polk Township on the north, Jefferson on the east, Grant County on the south, and Wabash County on the west. The surface may be described as level, with undulations along the water courses, and the country, when first seen by white men, was covered with a dense forest growth of the finest timber, the greater part of which has been removed in preparing the ground for cultivation. Perhaps no similar area in the county could boast of as much valuable timber as this township, and the amount of lumber manufactured from time to time has been the source of valuable income to the country. Among the leading varieties are walnut, poplar, oak, elm, ash, hickory, sugar tree, in almost inexhaustible quantities, a fact which early made the manufacture of lumber one of the most important enterprises of the community. The township is watered and drained by a number of small streams, affluents of the Salamonie River, chief among which is Richards' Creek, a water course of considerable importance flowing in a northerly directicta along the eastern border; Prairie and Logan Creeks, easterly from southwest to northeast, and Rush Creek, a small stream in the northwestern part of the township, affords ample drainage for a large area of territory through which it passes. These water courses, while small the greater part of the 872 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. year, sometimes become raging torrents, and during overflows and spring freshets, frequently overflow their banks for consid- erable distances on either side. The soil is a black loam of great depth and fertility, and as an agricultural regionj the township is perhaps unsurpassed by any like number of acres in the county or State. In point of material prosperity, Wayne will compare favorably with any community in Indiana, and there are among her citizens a greater proportion of well-to-do farmers and intel- ligent business men than in any other division of Huntington County. This statement is made after mature deliberation, and the intelligent observer in passing over the well improved high- ways and noting the superior condition of her finely cultivated farms and elegant residences, will not long question the justness of the claim. Land Entries. — Land was first entered in Township 26 north. Range 8 east, in 1834, at which time Isaac Branson laid claim and obtained a patent for a tract in Section 1, in the northeast corner of the township. The following year entries were made by Moses Kelley and Asher Fisher in the same section; Miles Gray, in Section 2; Anderson Liverton, Section 12; Joseph Weaver and Daniel Dwiggins, Section 14, and Thomas Hallowell, Section 23. During the year 1836 the following persons purchased land from the Government, to-wit: Nathan Hildreth, James Jennings and William Richey, Section 2; Smith Grant, Joseph Anthony and Samuel Bullock, Section 3; James Starbuck, Moses Herrell, Jacob Wister and Rinard Rinearson, Section 4; Caleb Satterthwaite, Jacob Snyder and John Scott, Section 9; James Hildreth,^ Section 10; Thomas Fisher, John Moffatt, John Ruggles and E. Starbuck, Section 11; James Belsford and John Buzzard, Section 12; Thomas G. Runnells, Section 13; William McBride, Section 14; Elias B. Stowe, John D. Lindsey and ^ Jacob Coon, Section 15; Johnson Knight, John Reicker, Aggrippa Henderson and Robert A. Rob- ertson, Section 21; Jackson L. Stevens, Ephraim Johnson and Robert McKnight, Section 22; James Camphel, Section 23; John Blackledge and Joseph McGarrough, Section 34; Asbury Steele and John Crest, Section 25; Anderson Meheffy and John Y. Dea- con, Section 26; William Reed, John Teavis and Jefferson Helm, • Section 27; James Dearth, David Clingenpeel, John Hawkins and Henry Klum, Section 28; John Robb, J. P. Thompson and Abra- ham Hackleman, Section 33; Peyton Daniel and James Bain, Section 34; John Thomas, Section 35; Charles Ginley and Charles Morgan, Section 36. Settlement. — The first white men to lead the advance of civili- zation into what is now Wayne Township, were John Ruggles and John Buzzard, whose arrival is said to have been in March, 1835. The former located where his son, Joseph Ruggles now lives, on the northeast quarter of Section 13, and was a man of considerable prominence in the early days of the county, hav- ing at one time held the ofiice of Township Trustee. He was a native of Ohio, but moved here from near Lafayette, Tippecanoe WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 873 County, having located in that part of the State as early as 1833 or 1834. Buzzard was a native of Ohio also, and a brother-in- law of Mr. Ruggles. He settled the Thomas Pinkerton farm, southeast quarter of Section 13, and upon the same erected the' first house in the township. He was a prominent citizen for a period of thirty-five or forty years, and is remembered as one of Huntington County's representative pioneers. The next perma- nent settler was Anderson Leveston, who moved from Wayne County in the fall of 1835, and purchased from the government a tract of land in the northwest quarter of Section 13. He made substantial improvements upon his place and like the majority of the early residents was a man of industry and sterling worth. About the same time came Asher Fisher and settled on the south- west quarter of Section 1, where he resided until his death in 1884. His brother, Thomas Fisher, the oldest resident living at this time, moved from Wayne County in the fall of 1836, and set- tled on Prairie Creek, Section 13, where he has since resided. He made a tour of the country, however, the previous spring, and after entering his land cleared and planted a small "truck patch" besides erecting a cabin for the reception of his family. He was seven days in moving his family to the new home in the woods, and immediately on reaching his destination he began pioneer life in earnest. He soon succeeded in widening his area of cleared land and as soon as time would permit he set out an orchard, the first in the township, and one of the first in the southern part of the county. Mr. Fisher is still living, having reached the ripe old age of seventy-eight years, and is justly classed among the most intelligent and prosperous citizens of the township in the development and organization of which he took such an active part. The year 1837 brought a number of energetic pioneers to the county, prominent among whom was Reinard Reinarson, who settled where the Widow Ham now lives in Section 3. His son, Allen Reinardson, is a leading citizen of the township at this time. Jacob Snyder in 1837 settled in the western part of the township, choosing for his home the place now occupied by Thomas Logan. He had in his family several daughters, all of whom were within a few years claimed in marriage by as many substantial young men of this and other parts of the country. During the years 1837-38 the population was increased by the following additional pioneers. David Clingenpeel, in southwest part of the township; William C. Parker, an early Associate Judge of the county, where Joseph Billiter lives in Section 2; James Price, in Section 35, where his son James lives; George Weaver and his son, Joseph Weaver, adjoining the Fisher farm, in Section 13;] George Klum near the Price settlement; Moses Herrell, in Section 4; Ebenezer Thompson, in northern part of the township and James Ruggles, in the fall of 1883, south of the Fisher farm. Mr. Ruggles moved from Kentucky and after a short time spent in the new country, went back to his native State 874 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. where he remained until 1840. He then returned to Indiana and from that year until his death in 1886, was an honored resident of Wayne Township. Conspicuous among the arrivals of 1839, was James Ca,mpb,ell, who made a home in the southern part of the township. He early gained considerable notoriety as a politician, and the decided stand which he took upon the question of the abolition of slavery was such as to antagonize many of his neighbors, who were bitterly opposed to such a " monstrous political heresy." He was a man of more than ordinary intelligence, true to his convictions, and his public lectures on the slavery question brought him into prominent notice, not only in Huntington, but in adjacent coun- ties. It is alleged that he was personally interested in one of the celebrated " underground railways " and there is no question but that many a poor unfortunate black man escaping from the shackles of servitude, found in his home a comfortable and secure hiding place. ' The following men are said to have settled in the township as early as the year 1839, to-wit: John Deacon, an old batchelor, near the Klum place; Henry Klum, in the same locality; Jacob Coon, southeast part; Thomas and Richard Stevens, southern part; Bluford Cecil, place of settlement not learned, and others. The following w ere also early settlers, viz. : James Pattison, Mr. McLean, Benjamin Price, John Heflfner, John Sparks, Watson Sparks, John Thompson, Joseph Hall, Joseph Brown, Jesse Star- buck, Reuben Star buck, John Reicker, Robert A. Robertson, John McDauiel, John Hawkins, J. P. Thompson, Ebenezer Thompson, James Bain, William Bain, Charles Morgan, Thomas Hallowell, and Ephraim Johnson, all of whom became identified with the township some time in the forties. There are doubless many others entitled to a mention, but the omission of their names should not be construed as intentional, as many names as well as facts connected with the early settlement of the county have been long forgotten. Organization of the Township. — " Prior to 1844, Wayne formed a part of the territory constituting Salamonie Township, which until 1843, included all the territory south of the Salamonie River. This territory was reduced by the organization of Jefferson Township in 1844, and further reduced by the organization of Wayne in June, 1844." To Thomas and Asher Fisher is due the credit of bringing about the organization and the name by them in honor of Wayne County, with the early settlement of which part of the state their father was prominently identified. The first election after the organization was held at the residence of Joseph Weaver in the fall of 1844, Henry Kline acting as Inspec- tor. Among the early Trustees of the Township were Ebenezer Thompson, James Campbell and Asher Fisher. The Trustee at this time is Daniel Price. Early Events. — The first marriage that occurred in the town- ship was that of Oliver Sanger to Catherine, daughter of Jacob WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 875 Snyder, celebrated in 1837, one of the Associate Judges of the county officiating. It was afterward ascertained that the iudge had no authority to tie the " nuptial knot," and in order to legal- ize the union a special act of the Legislature to that effect was passed. Another early marriage was that of Stites Chenoweth, to Sarah, daughter of William Parker, solemnized as early as 1841 or '43. James Parrot . and Matilda Snyder were united in the holy bonds of wedlock many years ago, but the exact date of the affair was not learned. In about the year 1811, occurred the death of Ary, wife of Bluford Cecil, said to have been the first event of the kind in the township. Wesley Buzzard, son of John and Rachel Buzzard, was perhaps the first white child born in the township, his birth having occurred in 1836. Rebecca, daughter of Andrew and Phebe Leveston, was born as early as 1836, and in November of the same year, was born to Thomas and Elizabeth Fisher, a son, Daniel Fisher, who is at this time a lawyer in St. Louis, Mo. The first nursery was set out by Thomas Fisher, and the first frame house in the township was erected by John Buzzard in Section 2, prior to 1840. Jacob Snyder, early in the forties, built a brick residence, the first in the county outside the city of Huntington. It is still standing, and its quaint architec- ture is eloquent of days lo,ng past. Improvements. — As is well known Wayne is pre-eminently an agricultural township, and as a consequence but few manu- facturing enterprises have been attempted within its borders. The lumber business, however, has for many years been a re- munerative industry, and a number of saw mills have been in successful operation from time to time. The first mill was built by John Sparks, near the southwest corner of the township; it was in operation a number of years and did a very extensive business. There are at this time, in addition to the lumber inter- ests, there mills for the manufacture of drain tile, operated by James Pattison, Riley Stephens and Mr. Minnich, respect- tively. Religious. — " The inauguration of religious ceremonies in the settlement was at the house of Anderson Leverton, in the year by 1836, the minister being a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church." The Baptists came next, and a society of that denomi- nation was organized in the southwestern part of the township, as early, if not earlier than 1850. The organization increased in members quite rapidly and its growth soon foreshadowed the necessity of a house of worship. Accordingly in 1852, a neat frame edifice representing a value of several hundred dollars was erected on the Kimmel farm, in the northwest quarter of Section 34. The organization is still kept up, and is reported in a fairly prosperous condition. The next religious sect to gain a footing in the township was the Christian (Disciple), an or- ganization of which was brought some time in the fifties. A house of worship was built about two miles northwest of the site chosen by the Baptists. It has been prospered in its labors 83 876 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. and is still accomplishing a good work in the community. There are no towns or villages in Wayne, with the exception of an addition to Mt. Etna and the little haml<-t of Banquo, near the west central part of the township. The latter place is the outgrowth of the neighborhood's demand for a trading point and, at this time has two stores, a postofl&ce, blacksmith shop and the large tile mill operated by Eiley Stephens. The mill is run by steam power and has a greater capacity than that of any other enterprise of the kind in Huntington County. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. H. F. BILLITER was born March 16, 1819, being the second of nine children born to Joseph and Elizabeth (Shaffer) Billiter. Our subject's father was reared in Pennsylvania, afterward mov- ing to Ohio, and after living several years in Ohio, moved to In- diana. He was of Dutch descent. He was a large man, dark complexioned, and of great energy and endurance. He was a poor man when he moved to Ohio, but in after life accumulated a vast amount of a property. He was a Democrat in politics, and was very much respected in the community in which he lived! Our subject is a farmer, living in Section 12, Wayne Township, and was born in Pennsylvania, where he remained until he was two or three years of age, when he removed with his father and mother to Ohio, where he remained for about twenty-five years. In the mean time, he was married to Drusilla Staton, of Ohio. He afterward moved to Indiana (1853) where he has remained ever since. There was a great deal of game here when he first located, but he was not much of a hunter. Mr. and Mrs. Billiter have had nine children, two dead, James F. and Serena, and seven living: Mary J., Joseph H., Sarah H., Rebecca M., William N., Turner, and Lucius. Mr. Billiter was a Whig in early days, but afterward became a Republican. He is a member of Mt. Etna Masonic Lodge, No. 333. Mr. Billiter and wife are very much respected. WILLIAM BILLITER, a farmer of Wayne Township, was born October 20, 1849; was the fifth of nine children born to H. F. and Drusilla Staton Billiter, whose sketch will be seen elsewhere. Our subject was reared until four years old in Brown County, Ohio, when he removed with his parents to Hunting- ton County. At the age of twenty-eight years he was mar- ried to Miss Amanda Fisher, of Wayne Township. After mar- riage he commenced house-keeping on the old Parker farm. He lived here about two years, when Mr. Billiter removed to the old Fisher farm in Wayne Township, where he remains to the present day. He is a Republican, and belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity Mt. Etna Lodge, No. 333. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Billiter WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 877 two children have been born, the oldest, Mary, born July 4, 1881 ;; James, born August 31, 1885. GRANVILLE BOCOCK, a Wayne Township farmer, was born August 37, 1847, being one of two children born to Lewis Bocock and wife. Our subject's father was born in Clark County, Ohio. He was reared as a farmer boy until at the age of sixteen, when he was bound out as an apprentice to learn the cabinet trade, serving as an apprentice five years, when he was- married to Miss Arnold, of Fayette County, Ohio. After marriage he began business as a cabinet maker and house joiner in Fay- ette County, and lived there about five years, when he moved to Grant County, Ind., where he commenced farming in connection with his trade. When he first came here he was empty-handed. After arriving in Indiana he had but one horse and 12^ cents in money. After Mr. Bocock settled here he found plenty of work to do as he was the only undertaker at that time in the county. In after life he accumulated considerable property. He is a man of medium size, dark complexioned, and a man of great energy and endurance. Mrs. Bocock died sevreral years ago, leaving Mr. Bocock and two children to mourn her loss. A few years later he was married the second time to Miss 8arah Newland. He and wife are both living in Grant County. Belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a good man well respected by the community. Our subject was born and reared in Grant County, Ind., as a farmer boy. Lived with his father until about twenty-five years old, when he was married to Miss Mary Cul- bertson, of Grant County. After marriage he began farming for himself in Huntington County. He remains to the present day on the same place he settled. He was empty-handed in early life, but as the fruits of his labor has redeemed a good farm, well improved. Mr. Bocock is a Democrat, member of I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and is a man well respected by the community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Babcock three children have been born: the oldest, Edwin M., Maud L and Silas H. JOHN F. Campbell, a farmer of Wayne Township, was born March 33, 1843, being the sixth of nine children, born to James and Lucy Campbell. Our subject was born m Grant County, and removed with his parents to Huntmgton County when he was but six months old. He was reared as a farmer boy and remained with his parents until the war broke out, when he entered the service in the Thirty-Fourth Indiana Vol- unteers, Company G. He remained in the army four years and eight months, when he returned home and began attendmg school at Roanoke, Ind. In 1869, he was married to Mary Trow- bridge of Huntington County, and after marriage began farm- ing on Sections 33. He remained on Section 23 about fourteen years, when he sold his farm and bought what was known as the Campbell farm, Sections 23 and 36, where he remains to the 878 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. present day. He is a Prohibition in politics, and belongs to the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Campbell seven children have been born: William, Alvin, Lua, Emma, Ella, John and Arthur. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are good people, and well respected by the community. JOEL CHENOWETH, a Wayne Township farmer, was born December 4, 1826, in Warren County, Ohio, being the fifth of six children, born to Jacob and Charlotte (Cabe) Chenoweth. Mr. Chenoweth's father was reared in Virginia. When yet a young man he moved to Warren County, Ohio, with his parents. Had a limited school education, was a large man, rather dark complex- ioned and was a man of energy and endurance. Mr. Chenoweth was a Whig and belonged to the Baptist Church. He was married in the year 1819 to Miss Charlotte Cabe, of Warren County, Ohio. Mr. Chenoweth's forefathers came from Wales, and Mrs. Chen- oweth is of German and Irish descent. Mr. Chenoweth died in 1825, and Mrs. Chenoweth is still living in Wayne County, Ind. Our subject was reared in Warren County, Ohio, until he was about fifteen years old, as a farmer boy, then he moved to Wayne County with his mother. When about sixteen years old he began learning the tanner's trade and worked as an ap- prentice for about six months, when, in the spring of 1845, he removed to Huntington County, where he again worked at his trade at Mt. Etna, about six years, after which he began farm- ing in Wayne Township. After two years in this township he removed to Huntington Township when he again removed to Wayne Township. Mr. Chenoweth, in his early days, was rather a poor man; is a man of great energy and endurance, and as the fruits of his labors, has accumulated about 360 acres of fine land with good improvements. Mr. Chenoweth is a strong Republican, and belongs to the Wesleyan Methodist Church, Mt. Etna. Mr. C. was married in 1847 to Elizabeth Leverton, of Wayne Township. Mrs. Chenoweth was born September 24, 1824, in Wayne County, Ind., and when about five years old removed with her parents to Highland County, Ohio. She remained here five years, when she again removed to Huntington County, Ind., and has remained here ever since. She has lived in Huntington County about fifty- two years. Mrs. Chenoweth belongs to the same church as her husband. Mr. and Mrs. Chenoweth have six children born unto them, four boys and two girls, the oldest, George P., Enos A., William S., James M., Anna and Melvina. Mr. and Mrs. Chen- oweth are good people, and well respected by the community. GEORGE W. COON, a Wayne Township farmer, was born May 2, 1825, the eldest of seven children born to Jacob and Mar- garet (McDaniel) Coon. Jacob Coon was born and reared in Harrison County, Ky., receiving a limited school education. He removed from Kentucky when about twenty -one years of age to Rush County, Ind., where he began farming for himself. About WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 879 18-34, he was married to Miss Margaret McDaniel, of Kentucky. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Coon began farming for them- selves on rented ground and Uved here about fourteen years. He then moved to Franklin County, Ind., where he began team- ing, remaining at this occupation about three years, when he moved to Wabash County, Ind., where he remained but one year, when he again moved to Huntington County, where in the meantime he had bought a farm and lived here until his death, which occurred in 1882; Mrs. Coon dying a few months earlier than her husband. Mr. Coon in early days was a Whig, later a Republican, and belonged to the Christian Church. Our subject was born and reared in Rush County, Ind., until he was seventeen years of age, when he removed with his parents to Wabash County, Ind. In the following year he removed with his father to Huntington County, where he remained with his father helping him to clear his farm until he was twenty- three years of age, when he was then married to Miss Elizabeth Har- rell, of Huntington County. After their marriage he began farming for himself on rented ground for about two or three years. He then purchased forty acres of land in the woods, which he began clearing and farming. He also owned a threshing machine, which he ran during the fall of the year. Mr. Coon has lived in Huntington County about forty-four years, and is a Republican in politics. In 1863 he enlisted in the Eleventh In- diana Cavalry, Company L, and remained in the army about twenty-two months, when he was discharged and returned home, and again he began farming, which business he has carried on ever since. He belongs to the Q. A. R. Post of Mt. Etna. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Coon eight children have been born to bless their home: Martha, Jacob, John, Moses, Levi, Jessie L., Margaret A. and George W. Mr. and Mrs. Coon are good people and well respected by the community. JOHN F. CURTIN, merchant of Banquo, was born May 19, 1859, the youngest of three children born to his father and mother, of New York City. Mr. Curtin was left an orphan at the age of two years, and came with two sisters west to Fayette County, Ind., near Connersville. Forty-two children were sent west by the Children's Aid Society, of New York, at the same time as Mr. Curtin's arrival. He was raised by Samuel Harlan and lady until twenty -three years of age, when he was married to Sarah J. Harlan, a granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Har- lan. She, too, was an orphan, Uving with the same family as Mr. Curtin, (marriage August 9, 1883). He removed with his wife to Huntington County, and began farming on 210 acres of land purchased by them, on Sections 15 and 16, Wayne Town- ship. He was engaged in farming about three years when he disposed of fifty acres of land, and removed to Banquo, and en- gaged in mercantile business, where he has remained ever since. Mr. Curtin has always been a strong Democrat. His first presi- 880 HISTORY OF HUNTINGTON COUNTY. dential vote was cast for Hancock and English. One child has been born to bless Mr. and Mrs. Curtin's home: Rena, born July 28, 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Curtin are good people, respected by the community. SAMUEL H. EVISTON, a farmer of Wayne Township, was born June 15, ] 841, in Guernsey County, Ohio, being the second of nine children born to John and Mary J. (Hannah) Eviston. The father of our subject was a blacksmith at Mt. Etna, where he re- mained for about a year, when he removed to a farm, remaining about five years, when he again removed to Mt. Etna, where he remained, being in poor health, until his death, which occured May 11, 1854. Mrs. Eviston died January 14, 1879. Our subject was reared in Grant County until eight years of age, when he re- moved with his father to Mt. Etna, Huntington County. When about nine years old, Mr. Eviston removed with his father on a farm, where he remained and worked for his father. After his father moved to Mt. Etna, Mr. Eviston began working by the month on a farm, at which he remained until his twenty-first year, when he began farming for himself. Three years later he was married to Mary F. Green, of Wabash County. In January, 1882, Mr. Eviston removed from Wabash County to this county, and purchased a farm, where he has since resided. He is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the Christian denomina- tion. In 1862 he entered the army, enlisting in Company F, One Hundred and First Indiana Infantry. After serving one year he was discharged, on account of disability. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post, at Mt. Etna. Mr. Eviston and wife are good peo- ple, and are highly respected by the community. JOHN A. OATESS, a farmer of Wayne Township, was born May 18, 1845, being the second of eight children born to Josiah and Sarah E. (Smith) Oatess. Our subject was born and reared in Green County, Ohio, until eight years of age when he removed to Grant County, Ind. He remained with his father on the farm until he was twenty- three years of age, when he began working by the month. He worked by the month about one year when he was married November 4, 1869, to Anna E. Shuflf, of Grant County. After his marriage he began farming for himself on a rented farm, for one year, when he purchased a farm of forty acres. He lived about six years in Washington Township, Grant County, when he sold out and bought a farm in Pleasant Township, Grant County, where he lived about three years, when he again sold out and moved on his father's farm. He remained here about three years when he again purchased a farm and moved to it in Grant County. He lived here two years when he sold out and moved to Wayne Township, Huntington County, where he re- mains to the present day. He is a Democrat and belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He and wife are well respected by the community. WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 881 DAiTIEL \ P.^ICiE a farmer of Wayne Township in Sec- ■P, . . DO^. .11 lSi^> being the sixth of nine children born to Benjamin and Ehza (Sexton) Price. His father was raised and lived m Bourbon County, Ky., until he was thirty-six years old He removed to Indiana in 1836, and settled near the city of Marion, where he lived thirty-six years and until his death. He was rather a large man, of light complexion, and a Demo- crat in politics. He and wife belonged to the School Baptist Church. Mr. Price was a man of energy and endurance, and as the fruits of his labor redeemed a good home. Mr. Pnce died in 1875, at his home in Huntington County, in his seventy-seventh year. His wife is still living on the old home place in Section 27, Wayne Township. Mrs. Price was born in Lewis County, Ky., July 2, 1812, and remained with her parents until married when she removed to this county. Our subject was reared in Hunting- ton County, Ind., as a farmer boy, and lived with his father until sixteen years old when he enlisted in the army. Company L, Eleventh Indiana Cavalry, where he remained two years, when he returned home, and after remaining about two years he went to Kansas, there he stayed about two years, when he again returned home and engaged in farming for himself on the home place, about the year 1870. He remained here five years when he was married to Lorena H. Logan, a well respected lady of Wabash County, and a daughter of John M. and Mary Logan. Mr. Price after he was married lived on the same place until January 25, 1887, when he removed to Section 35, where he remains to the present day. He was a poor man in early days, but as the fruits of hard labor has redeemed a nice home, having one of the nicest residences in the county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Price two children have been born. Their names are Eva O., born December 19, 1876, died July 31, 1877; the second, James E., born June 26, 1878. Mr. Price is a Democrat and a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic Lodges. Mrs. Price belongs to the Baptist Church. They are well respected in the community. In the year 1870, Mr. Price was elected Assessor of Wayne Town- ship; later on, in the spring of 1886, he was elected Township Trustee by a majority of eight. ALLEN RINEAESOJSr, a Wayne Township farmer, was born July 9, 1829, in Fayette County, Ind., being the third of six child- ren born to Richard and Nancy (Scott) Rinearson. Our sub- ject's father was reared in Butler County, Ohio, until ten years of age, when he removed from there with his father and mother to Dearborn County, Ind ., and remained here about five years, when he removed to Franklin County with his father and mother. After remaining in Franklin County a few years he removed to Fayette County. While in Franklin County he was married, and after marriage removed to Fayette County and began clearing land and farming, remaining there ten years, when in 1836 he removed to Huntington, where he and wife lived 883 HISTORY OP HUNTINGTON COUNTY. until their respective deaths, the former August 10, 1860, and the latter August 10, 1863. Mr. Rinearson was a large man, dark complexioned, and was a man of great energy and endurance. Mr. Rinearson was one of the first grand- jurymen after the country was organized, was a Democrat, and he and wife be- longed to the Baptist Church. They were good people, well re- spected by the community. Our subject was reared in Hunting- ton County, and lived with his father until twenty-two years old, when he was married to Miss Sarah A. Pawett, of Fayette County, Ohio. He volunteered, February 2, 1865, into the army,, served about four months, when he returned home and began farming on Section 3, Wayne Township. In 1869 he removed to Section 4, where he remains to the present day. In early days Mr. Rinearson remembers of seeing a great deal of game, such as deer, etc., but was not much of a hunter himself and does not remember of killing deer. A great many Indians were here at that time. Mr. Rinearson has passed through a great many hardships, but as the fruits of his labor has redeemed a good farm of 116 acres. He is a Democrat in politics, belongs to Ma- sonic Lodge, No. 333, at Mt. Etna, also to the Thomas Post, G. A. R. He is a good man and well respected by the community. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1886. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Rinearson ten children have been born: the oldest, Nancy,^ Charlotte, Jacob, Christina, Martha E., Peter, Jonathan,. Charles, Noble and Anna M. T. W. SEARLES, a farmer of Wayne Township, was born December 31, 1833. He was the third of nine children born to William and Rachel (Dehaven) Searles. His father was born in England. He was reared here until he was fifteen years of age, when he removed to Pennsylvania, and lived with his parents two or three years after he came to Pennsylvania, when he began learning the mason trade at Philadelphia, Penn. He worked here at his trade about five years, when he was married to Miss Rachel Dehaven, of Philadelphia County, Penn. After his marriage he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he worked at his trade,and remained there until his removal to Huntington County. Our subject was reared in Warren County, Ohio, until seventeen years of age, when he removed with his father to Huntington County, Ind. After removing to Indiana, he re- mained with his father about four years, when he began work- ing out by the day and month as a farmer about three years, when he went to Warren County, Ohio, where he worked out by the month about one year, when he returned to Indiana two years later. In 1863, he was married to Narcissus Denton, of Huntington County. After marriage he began farming for him- self, and has remained at farming ever since, and is now at present on Section 32. Mr. Searles is a Republican in politics. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Searles nine children have been born: Mandy J., John W., Thomas F., Lena L., Emma A., James M., AVATNE TOWNSHIP. 883 Clara B., Charles E., and Elma A. Mr. and Mrs. Searles are good people and well respected by the community. JOHN THOMPSON, a farmer of Wayne Township, was born May 13, IS-tS, being the oldest of six children, born to James and Sarah (Heates) Thompson. Our subject was born and reared in Grant County, Ind., and remained here until his marriage in 1873, to Mary Harter, of Grant County. Mrs. Thompson was born August 20, 181:7, and reared in Dark County, Ohio, until eight years old when she removed with her parents to Grant County, Ind. Our subject was raised as a farmer boy and after his mar- riage began farming for himself on 120 acres of purchased land in Huntington County, Wayne Township, on Section 23, where he remains up to the present day. Mr. Thompson is a large man, rather dark complexioned, and is a naan of energy and endurance. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have had three children to bless their home: the oldest, David, born August 30, 1874; Otto, born Decem- ber 31, 1876; Laura, born December 31, 1878. James Thompson, the father of our subject, was born June 29, 1814; Sarah Thomp- son was born September 15, 1814. Mrs. J. Thompson's parents were born (Solemon Harter) April 13, 1799, and died April 18, 1868. Mrs. Harter was born May 30, 1813. DR. L. S. WALLACE, a physician of Banquo, was born De- cember 36, 1854, the third of six children born to Joseph and Clara (Loring) Wallace. Our subject's father was reared in Pennsylvania, as a farmer boy, was married to Miss Clara Lor- ing when about twenty-two years of age. In after life Mr. AVal- lace has been in the real estate business. He is a medium sized man, dark complexioned, and is a man of great energy. He is a Republican, and belongs to the Methodist Church. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace are both living, and are well respected people of Corning, Perry Co.. Ohio. Our subject was born in Portland, Maine, and reared in the city. At the age of eleven years he removed to Ohio with his parents, and attended school until seventeen years of age. He began reading medicine at this time at Columbus, Ohio. At the age of twenty-one he began practic- ing medicine at Columbus. He remained there about 4 years, when he began traveling for his health about eighteen months. He afterward located at Banquo, in 1879, where he has remained since. Dr. Wallace has a large practice at his present location. He belongs to the Masonic Lodge. The doctor was married m 1883, to Miss Nellie Charles, of Marion (Grant County). Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wallace, one child was born to bless their home: Charles, March 30, 1884. Dr. Wallace and wife are well respected by the community.