ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics AT Cornell Unlversity THE GIFT OF Paul Pomeroy Ives 2D In Memory- Paul Pomeroy Ives B Cornell University S Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003033945 THE AMERICAN Standard of Excellence, AS REVISED BT THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION, AT THEIK CONVENTIOH HBLS IK BUFFALO, N. Y;, JANUARY 16, 1875, QIVINQ A COMPLETE DE8CBIPTI0N OP ALL TEE REOOGNIZED VARIETIES OF FOWLS. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOE. THE AMEEICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION". 1876./ E 8031 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by CHAS. A, SWEET, WM. H. LOCK WOOD, and PHILANDER WILLIAMS, (As Trustees of tlie American Poultry AsBociatiou,) In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. HAAS & KLEIN, Stereotypers, Printers and Binders, BufpaijO, N. Y. CONTENTS. Hi CONTENTS, A. PA8B. Andalusians, . B. . 117 Bantams, Game, • • • . 81 " Edse-combed Black, . 184 " Rose-combed White, . 187 " Golden Sebright, 178 Silver Sebright, . 181 " Japanese, 19G " Pekin, . 193 " Booted White, . 190 Brahmas, Dark, . 17 " Light, . C. 13 Cochins, Black, . 35 " Buff, 21 " Partridge, . . 24 " Pea-comb Partridge -31 " White, . 28 Crfivecoeurs, D. 1(11 Doniiniques, American, . 127 Dorkings, Colored, 12(i " Silver-gray, . 123 " White, 120 Ducks, Aylesbury, . 212 " Call, Gray, 221 " Call, White, . . ' . 221 " Cayuga, , 217 IV CONTENTS. Ducks, Crested White, " Black East Iiicliaii, " Colored Miiscovj', " White Muscovy, . . " Pekin, " Rouen, Page. 226 224 230 228 219 214 Frizzled, 177 Games, Black, .... 67 ce Black-breasted Red, . 38 « Blue, .... 70 <( Brown-red, .... . 42 it Silver Duck-wing, 53 (( Yellow Duck-wing, . . 49 (( Ginger-red, 46 (( Gray, . . . . . 74 (( Red Pile, . 57 (( White Pile, .... . 60 it Spangled, .... 77 (t White, .... . 64 Geese, African, .... 240 (( Brown Chinese, . 236 (t White Chinese, 238 4( Egyptian, .... . 242 'it Embden, 234 kh Toulouse, .... . 232 Glossaiy, ..... 7 H. Hamburgs, Black, .... ■ 100 u Golden-Penciled, 86 (1 Golden-Spangled, 82 (( Silver-Penciled, 93 t( Silver-Spangled, . 89 it White, 97 CONTENTS. V Faeui. Soudans, . . . . . • .158 La Fl^che, . Leghorns, Black, , " Brown, . " Dominique, . White,. . N. Nomenclature, • P 'I'urkeys, Black, 164 111 105 108 103 12 Plymouth Rocks, . . ■ • • .130 Polish, White-crested Black, . . . .133 " Golden, 136 " Silver, 140 " White, 144 " Bearded Golden 147 " Bearded Silver, . . . . .151 " Bearded White, ..... loo B. Rumpless, . . • . • • .176 Russians, ....... 167 S. Silkies, ....... 173 Spanish, Black, ...... ^114 Suggestions to Judges, ..... 6 Sultans, . l^O 206 " Bronze, ...... 199 " Buif, 208 " Narragansett, .... " Slate, White, 204 202 210 vi STJGGfcSTIONS "tO JUDGES. SUGGESTIONS TO JUDGES, To BE Considered in Applying the Standard. The i^merican Poultry Association, in placing the American Standard of Excellence before the Breeders and Fanciers of the United States and Canada, recommend that, iu its applica- tion. Judges shall determine the merits of competing specimens by a careful examination of all the points named, commencing with " Symm^ry,''' and following the schedule through in tlie order named in the table of values, and deducting such. per centum for defects, as may be apparent, from the full value of a perfect bird. In all competitions, where "Size and Weight" are consid- ered points' of merit, the largest and heaviest specimen in its class shall be deemed a perfect bird; and other contestants shall be rated comparatively, losing as many points to the pound as are designated in the scale for such variety. In adjudicating the merits of Light Brahmas, no value shall be placed on middle-toe feathering, or any preference given to either white or bluish under-color of the plumage. Combs turning slightly over to one side of the head, but firm in position, while considered objectionable, shall not be" a disqualification, under the specification in the Standard, ''comfts falling over to either side." It is respectfully recommended that State and County Societies appoint but one Judge, and one alternate, to each class, or variety in each class, and that their names be published in the regular premium list. It is, also, recommended that eighty-five points shall be the minimum value of a bird to which a first prize shall be awarded. GLOSSAKT. Vi\ GLOSSARY OF Beard. — A bunch ol' feathers under the throat of some breeds of chickens, such as Hoiulans or Polish. Breed. — Any variety of fowl presenting distinctive character- istics. '*f Brood. — The family of chicks belonging to a single mother. Broody. — Desiring to sit or incubate. Carriage. — The attitude or " style " of a bird. Oarunculated. — Covered with small fleshy protuberances, as on the head and neck of a turkey-cock. Chick. — A newly-hatched fowl. Chicken. — This word applies, indefinitely, to any age under )ue year old. Clutch. — This term is applied both to the batch of eggs sat upon by a fowl, and to the brood of chickens hatched there- from. Cockerel. — A young cock. Comb. — The fleshy protuberance growing on the top of a fowl's head. Condition. — The state of the fowl as regards health and beau- ty of plumage. * The Editor of the American Standard nf Excellence deems it proper that he should acknowledge hie indebtedness to " Wright's Illustrated Book of Poultry," for this " GloBsajy of Technical Terms." Vrn GLOSSAET. Great. — A crown or tuft of feathers on the head,— of the same signiflcanoe as top-knot. Crop. — The receptacle in which a fowl's food is stored before passing into the gizzard, for digestion. Oushion. — The mass of feathers over the rump of a hen, covering the tail, — chiefly developed m Cocliins- Dubbing. — Cutting off the comb, wattles and ear-lobes, so as to leave the head smooth and clean. Ear-lobes. — The folds of bare skin hanging just below the ears, — by many called deaf-ears. They vary in color, being r(!d, white, blue, and cream-colored. Face. — The bare skin around the eye. Flights. — The primary feathers of the wings, used in flying, but tucked under the wings, out of sight, when at rest. Fluff. — Soft, downy feathers about the thighs, chiefly de- veloped in Asiatics. Furnished. — When a cockerel has obtained his full tail, comb, hackles, etc., he is said to be furnished. Gills. — This term is often applied to the wattles. Hackles. — The peculiar, narrow, long feathers on the neck of fowls. Benny or hen-feathered. — Resembling a hen, from the ab- sence of hackles and sickle-feathers, and in plumage generally. Hock. — The joint between the thigh and shank. Keel. — A word sometimes used to denote the breast-bone. Leg. — ^I-n a living fowl, this is the scaly part, usually denomi- nated the shank. — In a dressed bird, the term refers to the joint above. Leg-feathers. Feathers growing from the outer sides of the shanks, as in Cochins. Mossy. — Confused or indistinct marking in the plumage. GLOSSAKY. ti Pea-comb. — ^A triple comb, resemblino; three small combs in one, the middle being the highest; such, for instance, as may be seen in the illustration above. Penciling. — Small markings or stripes over a feather. These may run straight across, as in Hamburgs, or in crescent-like form, as in Partridge Cochins. Poult. — A young turkey. » Primaries. — The flight-feathers of the wings, hidden when the wing is closed, being tucked under the visible wing, com- posed of the "secondary" feathers. Usually, the primaries contain the deepest color belonging to the fowl, except the tail, and great importance is attached to their color by breed- ers. Pullet. — A young hen. The term is not properly applicable after a bird is a year old. Booster. — An American term for a cock chicken. Saddle. — The posterior part of the back, reaching to the tail, in a cock, and answering to the cushion in a hen, — cushion, however, being restricted to a very considerable development, as in Cochins, while " saddle " may be applied to any breed. Secondaries. — The quill-feathers of the wings which are visible when the wings are folded. X GLOSSARY. Self-color. — ^An uniform tint over the feather. SAffi/if.— The stem or quill part of a feather. Shank. — The lower and scaly joint of the leg." Sickles. — The long, curved feathers of a cock's tail, — proper- ly applied, only, to the top pair, but sometimes used for one or two pairs besides. Spangling. — The marking produced by a large spot or splash on each feather, differing with that of the ground-color. Spur. — The sharp defensive weapon on the heel of a cook. Squirrel-tailed. — The tail projecting in front of a perpen- dicular line over the back. Stag. — A term used for a young cock; chiefly used by Game Fanciers. Station. — ^An ideal standard for games, embodied in style and Strain. — A race of fowls that has been carefully bred by one breeder, or his successors, for a number of years, and has ac- quired an individual character of its own. Symmetry. — Perfection of proportion; — often confounded with . carriage, but quite ^distinct, as a bird may be nearly perfect in his proportions, and yet "carry" himself awkwardly. Tail-coverts. — The soft, glossy, curved feathers at the sides of the lower part of the tail, — usually of the same color as the tail itself. Tail-feathers. — The straight and stiff feathers of the tail only;— the top pair are sometimes slightly curved, but they are, generally, nearly if not quite straight, and are contained in- side the sickles and tail-coverts. Thighs. — The joints aBove the shanks, — the same as the drum-sticks in dressed fowls. Top-knot. — Same as crest. Trio. — A cock or cockerel, and two hens or pullets. Under-color. — The color of the plumage seen when the sur- face has been lifted. It is manifested chiefly in the down seen about the roots of the feathers. GLOSSARY. Xl Vulture hock. — Stifl", projecting feathers at the hock-joint. The feathers must be both stiff and projecting to be thus truly called, and condemned, as illustrated above. Wattles. — The red, depending structures at each side of the base of the beak, — chiefly developed in the male sex. Web. — The web of a feather is the flat or plume portion,— the web of the feet, the flat skin between the toes, — of the wings, the triangular skin seen when the wings are extended. Wing-bars. — Any line of dark color across the middle of the wings, caused by the color or marking of the feathers known as the lower wing-coverts. Wing-hows. — The upper or shoulder part of the wings. Wing-points or Wing-butts. — The ends of the primaries. Wing-coverts. — The broad feathers covering the roots of the secondary quills. NOM.KNCLATURE. 1. Comb. S. Face. 5. Wattles. U. Ear-lobes. B. Backle. 6. Breast. 7. Sack. 8. Saddle. 9. Saddle-feathers. 10. Sickles. 11. Tail^coverts. ,llg. Main Tail-feathers. 13: Wing-bow. 14. Wing-coverts, forming wing-bar. 15. Secondaries. . 16. Primaries, or flight- feathers. 17. Point of Breast-bone. 18. Thighs. 19. Hocks. $0. Shanks, or Legs. SI. Spur. SS. Toes, or Olaws. i^jsaiptiott oi §xuA&, LIGHT BRAHMAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. in * Birds not matching in the show-pen; comb falling over to u either side; twisted feathers in the wings; shanks not feathered < do^lm the outer sides, and to the extremities of the outer toes, or ^ of any other color than yellow; vulture hocks; under-color any S' other than white or hluish-^white ; crooked hacks; wry tails; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and a half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and a half pounds; pullets not weighing six pounds. THE COCK. Head: Broad, of medium length, slightly projecting over the eyes; color of plumage, white; — Eyes, large and bright; — Beak, short, stout, and, in color, yellow, with a dark stripe down the upper mandible. Comb: Pea, small, lower in front and rear than in the centre; firm on the head and distinctly divided, having the ap- pearance of three small combs pressed together, the largest and highest in the middle, and each part slightly and evenly serrated, — color, rich, bright red. 14 THE AMEKICAN Wattles and Eak-lobes: Of equal length, the wattles being well rounded, — color, rich, bright red. Neck: Rather long and well arched, the hackle flowing well over the shoulders; plumage of the upper part white, the lower two-thirds being distinctly sti-iped with black, the stripe taper- ing to a point at the extremity of the feather. Back: Broad, flat between the shoulders, and as long as is consistent with the size and symmetriciil proportions of the bird; saddle-feathers well developed, — sui'face-oolor, white, under-color, either white or bluish-white. Breast and Body: Breast full, broad and round, and car- ried well forward: Body round at the sides and deep: — color of both, white. Wings: Small, the bo.ws covered by the breast-feathers, — color of bows white : the primaries closely folded under the secondaries; — color of primaries, black or nearly so; — color of secondaries, white on the outer web, and black on the mner web. Tail: Full, well spread, carried tolerably upright, and well filled underneath with rich curling feathers: color of tail, black; —fickle-feathers, short and spreading laterally, and in color black: — coverts, glossy greenish-black, — lesser coverts, black, with white edge. Fluff: Abundant and soft, giving the bird a broad appear- ance behind, — color, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, strong and well covered with soft white feathers: — Shanks, strong, standing well apart, of medium length, and well feathered on the outside: color of scales yel- low, inside of the legs, yellow, or reddish-yellow: shank-feath- ers white, or white mottled with black: — Toes straight and strong, the outer toes being well feathered to the ends thereof: the feathering of middle toes optional with breeders. Cabriage: Bold and attractive. STANDARD Of EXCELLENCE. 16 THE HEN. Head: Broad, of medium length, and slightly projecting over the eyes; plumage white:— Beali, short and stout— color, yellow, with or witho ut darli stripe down the upper mandible : — Eyes, large and bright. Comb: Pea, small and low, with delicate but distinctly de- fined serrations, firm and even upon the head, and, in color, bright red. Wattles and Eae-lobes: Wattles, exceedingly small:— Ear-lobes, well developed; — color, rich red. Neck: Of medium length and weU arched, —hackle-feathers, white, with a broad black stripe down the centre, the edge of the black running nearly parallel with the edge of the feather, and reaching well over the shoulders. Back: Broad, flat between the shoulders, and as long as is consistent with the size and symmetrical beauty of the bird: feathers broad and soft, and rising to the tail: surface-color, white — under-color, either white or bluish-white. Breast and Body: Breast full, broad and round, and car- ried well forward: — Body, round at the sides, and deep; — color of both, white. Wings: Small, the bows covered by the breast-feathers; the primaries smoothly folded under the secondaries: — color of primaries^ black or nearly so, — color of secondaries, white on the outer web, and black on the inner web. Tail: Bather small, and spreading, — color, black; the two highest, or main tail-feathers, edged with white; — taU-coverts, black, edged with white. Fluff: Abundant and soft, giving the bird a broad appear- ance behind, — color, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, strong, and abundantly covered with soft white feathers: — Shanks, strong, standing weU apart, and well feathered on the outside with white feathers, or white 16 THE AMERICAS mottled with black: — Toes, straight and strong, the outer toes being weU feathered to the ends, — the feathering of middle toes optional with breeders. Cakeiage: Low, in comparison with that of the cock. POINTS IN LIGHT BRAHMAS. Symmetiy, .... Size and Weight, Condition, ..... . 10 13 . 8 Head, ..... 5 Comb, ..... . 8 Wattles and Ear-lobes, 5 Neck, ..... . 10 Back, ..... Breast and Body, .... Wings, .... Tail, 7 . 7 8 . 7 Fluflr, 5 Legs and Toes, .... . 7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, shall be in the ratio of 2 points to the pound. STANDARD 01' EXCEl.LENCJi;. 1? DARK BRAHMAS. DISQUALIFICATIONS, Birds not matching in the show-pen; comb falling over to either side; crooked backs; wry tails; twisted feathers in wings; tegs not feathered on the outside and to the extremities of the outer toes; vulture hocks; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and a half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and a half pounds; pullets not weighing six pounds. Z THE COCK. a < Head: Broad, of medium length, and slightly pi-ojeoting liover the eyes, — color of plumage, silvery-white: — Beak, very " stout and curved, and, in color, dark horn, the sides being yel- low: — Eyes, large and bright. Comb: Bright red, pea, small, lower in front and rear than in the centre; firm on the head, without falling over to either side, and distinctly divided, having the appearance of three small combs joined together, the largest and highest in the middle, and each part slightly and evenly serrated. Wattles and Eak-lobes: Wattles, brilliant red, of med- ium length and well rounded:— Bar-lobes, brilliant red, some- what pendant, and equal in length with the wattles. Neck: Of medium length and well arched — ^the, hackle- feathers, silvery-white and abundant, with a distinct black stripe down the centre, which tapers to a point at the extrem- ity of each feather, and flowing well over the shoulders. Back: Broad, and flat between the shoulders, the length to be in harmony with the size and symmetry of the bird, — color 18 THE AMERICAN silvery-white, — saddle-featters, abiuidauc and long, and, in color, sU very-white, with a black stripe down the eenti-e, sim- ilar to that of the neck-hackle. Bkeast and Body: Breast, full, broad, and deep, and car- ried well forward, — ^in color either black, or black, slightly and evenly mottled with white: — Body, broad and deep, and the plumage of the underpart black. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, and the points well covered by the saddle-feathers: color of shoulder-coverts and wing-bows, silvery-white; color of wing-coverts, a metallic or greenish-black, forming a broad and well defined bar across the wings: the primaries black, or black with a narrow edging of white on the outer web; secondaries, white on the outer web, and black on the inner web, with a large greenish-black spot on the end of each feather. Tail: Small, carried tolerably upright and well spread, the two sickle-fteathers spreading out laterally, and in length not greatly exceeding the main tail-feathers: color, black, — ^the greater coverts, a rich greenish-black; the lesser coverts, a rich greenish-black, or black edged with white. Fluff: Abundant and soft, giving the hlrd a broad and deep appearance behind, — color, black, or black slightly frosted with white. Legs and Toes; Thighs large and strong, and abundantly covered with soft feathers: color, black, or black slightly frosted with white: — Shanks, strong, and rather large, and standing well apart; of medium length and well feathered on the outside, and to the extremities of the outer toes: — color, scales yellow, the insides of the shanks a rich reddish-yellow; the feathering black,' or black slightly mottled with white: — Toes, sti-aight and strong, the outer and middle toes being feathered: color of feathers, black, or black mottled with white. f-ARKlAGE: Bold and attractive. STANDARD OF EXCELLEKCE. 19 THE HEN. Head: Broad, of inodium length, and slightly projecting over the eyes — color, silvery-gray:— Beak curved and very stout, — color, horn: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Very small and low, placed well in front on the head, and having the appearance of three very small comhs pressed together, the largest in the middle, and delicately ser- rated: — color, rich, brilliant red. Wattles and Eak-lobks: Wattles exceedingly small, and Ear-lobes well developed:— color, rich red. Nkck: Well arched, and of medium length, with the feath- ers reaching well down over the shoulders: color, silvery- white, each feather distinctly striped with black, the edge of tlie black running nearly parallel with the edge of the ffeather. Back: Broad and flat between the shoulders, with an abund- ance of soft, broad feathers rising to the taU, — the length to be in harmony with the size and symmetrica] proportions of the bird: co.lor, grayish- white ground, with very dark and distinct penciling throughout, the outlines corresponding well with the outlines of the feather. Breast and Body: Breast deep, broad and prominent: color, gi-ayish-white ground; very distinct and dark penciling throughout, the outlines nearly corresponding with the out- line of the feather, and reaching well up to the throat, and free from white shafts in the feathers: — ^Body, broad and deep: color-, .•:ame as the breast, the penciling reaching well down upon the thighs. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, the points being covered by an ahundance of soft feathers and fluff, and the bows well covered by the breast- feathers: color of shoulder and wing-coverts, similar to that of the body, but generally more distinct in the character of the penciling: — color of primaries, black, vrith narrow penciling 20 THE AMERICAN on the outer edge — secondaries, black on the innei web, and penciled on the outer web. Tail: Small, carried tolerably upright, and almost hidden ill the soft rump-feathers: color black; the upper featliers and eoverts penciled. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, giving the bird a broad and deep appearance behind: color, same shade of gray as the body. Legs and Toes: Legs, strong, standing well apart, the thighs well covered with soft feathers, and the shanks well feathered down the outer sides: color of feathering, same as the body, — color of scales yellow or dusky-yellow; — Toes, straight and strong, the outer and middle toes being feathered: color of feathers, same as that of the shank-feathering. Carriage: Low, in comparison with that of the cock. POINTS IN DARK BRAHMAS. Symmetry, Size and Weight, Condition, . Head, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, . Wings, Tail, Fluff, Legs and Toes, 10 13 8 5 8 5 8 7 10 5 7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 21 BUFF COCHIIVS. DISQUALIFICATIONS, Birds not matching in the show-pen, or with primary wing- feathers twisted, or turned outside the wings; twisted combs; crooked backs; wry tails; legs not. feathered, or any other color than yellow; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five and a half pounds. o * I THE COCK. 5 Head : Bather short and" small for the size of the bird, and a, in color a rich, clear bufif: — Eyes bright, clear and mild in ex- apression: — ^Beak, rich yellow. a- Comb: Red, single, firm, rather small, perfectly upright and u straight, with well defined seri-atious, and free from side- sprigs. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, bright red, medium in length, firm in texture and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, red, large, pendant and fine in texture. Neck: Short and neatly curved, with rich, abundant, clear buff hackle, uniibrra in color, and flowing well over the shoulders. Back: Rich, clear buff, broad, with a gentle rise from the middle thereof to the tail, even and uniform in color, and with saddle-feathers very abundant. Breast and Body: Breast, deep, broad and full — in color a clear, uniform, deep buff: — Body, deep, broad and well developed, and in plumage, a clear, deep buff. 22 THE AMERICAN Wings:— Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be entirely covered when the wings are closed, and quite free from a mealy appearance. Tail: Broad, short, soft and full, the coverts numerous and glossy, carried more horizontally than upright, and, in color, a rich, dark chestnut, or bronzy-chestnut, mixed with black, — dark chestnut preferable. Fluff: "Very abundant and soft, covering the posterior por- tions of the fowl, and standing out about-the thighs. Legs: Thighs, very large and strong, and well covered with perfectly soft feathers, which, on the lower part, should curve inward around the hock, so as to nearly hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, shoi-t, stout, wide apai-t, and heavily feathered down the outsides with feathers of a clear, deep buff: — Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and middle toes be- ing well feathered. Cabeiage : Upright and stately. . THE HEN. Head: Small, nicely shaped and buff in color: — ^Eyes, bright, clear and mild in expression: — ^Beak, rich yellow. Comb: Single, firm on the head, rather small, perfectly up- right and straight, with well defined serrations, and free from side-sprigs. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, red, small, neatly rounded, and fine in texture: Ear-lobes, bright red, and well developed. Neck: Short, carried forward, the lower part broad and full, and, in color, a pure, rich buff: — In the hackle a cleai- rich bufl is perferable. but a slight marking, at the ends of the neck- feathers, is not a disqualification. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 23 Back: Broad, flat and short, with the cushion rising from the middle thereof, and partially covering the tail— in color a clear, pure buff. Breast and Bodt: Breast, broad and full, and carried rather low: — ^Body, broad, deep and round, and, in color, a clear, pure buff. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be concealed when the wings are closed, the bows of the wings being well covered by the breast-feathers, and the points well hidden in the fluff:— in color, rich buff, free from any appearance of mealiness. Tail: Short, small, carried almost horizontally, and largely concealed by the cushion, ^n color, buff. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, standing out about the thighs, giving the bird a very deep and broad appearance be- hind, and in color, buff. Legs: Thighs, large, abundantly covered with soft feathers, curving inward ai-ound the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint; — Shanks, bright yellow, short, stout, and wide apart, and well feathered down the outsides, with feathers of a deep buff color: — Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. Carriage: Low, with a contented and matronly appear- ance. SCALE OF POINTS IN BUFF COCHINS. Symmetry, ...... 10 Size and Weight, ..... 12 Condition, ...... 7 Head, ...... 4 Comb, ....... 7 Wattles and Eai-lobes, .... 3 Neck 10 Back, 10 Breast and Body, ..... 10 yVings, ...... 8 24 THE AMERICAN Tail, 7 Flufl; 5 Legs, .7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. PARTRIDGE COCHIKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks with mottled breasts; "hens with pale huff or elay-colorred breasts, or without penciling; ^twisted combs, or combs falling to either side; primary feafhsrs g twisted in the wings; crooked backs; wry-tails; vulture hocks; "■ absence of leg-feathering; white in the tail of cockerels; cocks w not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and a half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and a half pojmds ; pullets not weighing six pounds. THE cock:. Head: Bright red, rather short and small for the size of the bird:— Eyes bright, clear and mild in expression: — Beak, curved, stout at the base, ratlier short, and yellow or horn- oolor. Comb: Rich, brilliant red, single, firm, rather small, perfect- ly straight and upright, with well defined serrations, and fi-ee from side-sprigs. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, of medium length, fine in texture, and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, large, pendant, and fine in texture. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 26 Neck: Short, and well curved: — ^hackle, full, abundant, and flowing well over the slioulders; in color, rich red, or orange- red, with a distinct black stripe down the middle of each feather. Back: — Broad, with a gentle rise ft'oin the middle thereof to the tail, with saddle-feathers very abundant, rich red, or orapgc- red in color, witli a black stripe down the middle of each feather. Bkeast and Body: Breast, deep, broad and full, and, in color, rich, deep blaciv: — Body, broad, deep and round, and the under-pluniage deep black. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be entirely concealed when the wings are closed, — the primaries have a bay edging on the outside web, and dark on the inside web, — the secondaries a rich bay on the out- side web, black on the inside web, with a greenish-black end to each feather, — ^wing-coverts, greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wings. Tail: Broad, short, soft and full, the coverts, being numer- ous, and carried more horizontally than upright: — the color should be glossy black, without any white at the base of the feathers; such development, however, though highly objection- able, is not a disqualification: — the greater tail-coverts are bronzy-black, the lesser coverts black, or black edged with red. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, covering the posterior por- tions of the fowl, standing out about the thighs, and in color, black. Legs: Thighs, very large and strong, and plentifully covered with perfectly soft feathers, which on the lower part should curve inward around the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, or dusky-yellow, short stout, wide apart, and heavily feathered down the outsides, with black feathers: — Toes, straight, strong aaid well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. Cakkiage: Upright and stately. 26 THE AMERICAN THE HEN. Head: Small and neat In shape, and, In color, rich brown: —Eyes, mild, clear and bright:— Beak, yeUow or horn-color, stout and nicely curved. Comb: Single, small, fine, low in front, erect, perfectly straight, with small and well defined serrations, free from side sprigs, and, in color, brilliant red. Wattles and Eak-lobes: Wattles, small, neatly rounded and fine in texture: — Ear-lobes, well developed, fine in tex- ture, and in color, brilliant red. Neck: Short, carried forward, the lower part full and broad, the hackle reaching well over the shoulders, and in color, a rich reddish^old, with a broad black stripe down the middle of the feathers. Back: Broad, flat and short, with the cushion rising from the middle thereotj and partially covering the tail. Breast and Body: Breast, broad and full, and carried rather low, the plumage a rich brown and distinctly and hand- somely penciled with darker brown, the penciling being well developed over the breast, and reaching well up towards the throat: — Body, broad and deep behind, the general plumage of which is brown, and distinctly penciled with a deeper brown. Wmes: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be concealed when the wings are closed, the wing-bows nearly covered by the breast-feathers and the points well concealed in the fluff: — primaries, a very dark brown or blackish-brown, — secondaries, the inner-web a blackish-brown, and the outer-web a blackish-brown, penciled with a lighter brown, — the color and penciling of the vnng-ooverts quite sim- ilar to the same characteristics of the breast Tail: Short, small, carried horizontally, and almost hidden iu the cushion; — the main tail-feathers black. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, standing out about the STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 27 thighs, giving the bird a very deep and broad appearance be- hind, and in color, brown. Legs: Thighs, large, abundantly covered with soft, fluffy feathers, curving inward around the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, or dusky-yellow, short, stout, wide apart, and well feathered down tlie outsides, the feathers being of the same color as those of the body, and distinctly penciled : 'I'oes, sti-aight, strong and well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. Cakriage : Low, with a contented and matronly appearance. POINTS IN PARTEIDGE COCHINS, Symmetry, . Size and "Weight, Coiiditiou, . Head, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck, Bacli;, Breast and Body, . Wings, Tail, Fluff, Legs, 10 12 7 4 7 3 10 10 10 7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. 28 THE AMERICAN WHITE COCHIXS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; primary wing-feathers twisted, or turned outside the wings; twisted combs;' crooked backs; wry fails; birds loithout leg-feathering; vulture hocks; legs any other color than yellow; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing Jive and a half pounds. * THE COCK. j^ Head: Rather short and small for the size of the bird; < plumage white: — ^Eyes, pearl, or bright red, and mild in expres- uision: — ^Beak, weU curved, stout at the base, rather short, and 0) rich, bright yellow in color. Comb: Brilliant red, single, firm, rather small, perfectly straight and upright, with well defined seiTations, and free from side-sprigs. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, rich red, of medium length, well rounded, and fine in texture: — ^Ear-lobes, rich red, large, pendant, and fine in texture. Neck: Short and neatly curved: hackle, full, flowing well over the shoulders, and in color, pure white. Back: Broad, with a gentle rise from the middle thereof to taU, and with saddle-feathers very abundant, — color, white, and as free as possible from a yellowish tinge. Beeast and Body: Breast, deep, broad and full:— Body, deep and round, and, in plumage, clear white, free from any yellowish tinge. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be entirely covered when the wings are closed— STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 29 the general plumage white, and as free as possible from yellow- ish tinge. Tail: Broad, short, soft and full, with the coverts numerous, and carried more horizontally than upright — ^plumage, clear white. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, covering the posterior por- tions of the fowl and standing out about the thighs, and, in color, white. Legs: Thighs, very large and strong, and plentifully covered with perfectly soft feathers, which on the lower part, should curve inward around the hoclE, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, short, stout and vride apart, and heavily feath- ered dovm the outsides vrith white featliers: — Toes, straight strong and well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. Carriage: Upright and st^itely. THE HEN. Head: Small and neatly shaped: — Eyes, pearl or bright red: — ^Beak, well curved, short and stout, and rich yellow in color. Comb: Eich red, single, small, line, low in front, erect, per- fectly straight, with small, well defined serrations, and free from side-sprigs. Wattles AND Ear-lobes: Watties, red, small, neatly round- ed, and fine in texture: — Ear-lobes, rich red, well developed and fine in texture. Neck: Short, carried forward, the lower pdrt broad and full, and clear white in plumage, the hackle-feathers reaching well over the shoulders. Back: Broad, flat and short, vrith the cushion rising from the middle thereof, and partially covering the tail — ^plumage, pure white. 30 THE AMBKICAN Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full, and carried rather low:— Body, broad, round and deep behind, and, in plumage, clear white. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be concealed when the wings are closed: the wing-bows neatly covered by the breast-feathers, and the points well concealed by the fluff, and, in plumage, clear white. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, standing out about the thighs, giving the bird a very deep and broad appearance be- hind, and, in color, clear white. Legs: Thighs, large, abundantly covered vrith soft, fluffy feathers, curving inward around the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, short, stout, wide apart, and well feathered on the outsides, with clear white feathers: — Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. Cakbiage: Low, with a contented and matronly appear- ance. SCALE OF POINTS IN WHITE COCHINS. Symmetry, . Size and weight, Condition, . Head, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Ifeck, Back, . ... Breast and Body, . Wings, Tail, Fluff,' . Legs, 10 12 7 4 7 3 10 10 10 8 7 5 7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. STANDARIJ OF EXCELLKNCE. 31 PEA-COMB PARTRIDGE COCHIIVS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Combs other than Pea, or falling over to either side; birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks with mottled breasts, hens with pale buff or clay-colored breasts; or without penciling; primary wing-feathers twisted; crooked backs; wry-tails; vulture hocks; absence of leg-feathering; white in the tail of cockerels; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and a half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and a half pounds; pullets not weighing six pounds. THE COCK. Head: Rather short and small, and in color, a rich brilliant red: — Eyes, bright, clear and mild in expression: — ^Beali, curved, stout at the base, rather short, and yellow or horn- color. Comb: Pea, small, lower in front and rear than in the cen- tre; firm on the head without falling over to either side, and distinctly divided so as to have the appearance of three small combs joined together, the largest and highest in the middle, and each part slightly and evenly serrated, — color, rich red. Wattles and Bar-lobes: Wattles of medium length, well rounded and fine in texture: — Ear-lobes, large, pendant, fine in texture, and in color, rich red. Neck: Short and neatly curved; hackle, rich red, or orange- red, with a distinct black stripe down the middle of the feathers. Back: Rich red, broad, with a gentle rise from the middle thereof to the tail, with abundant saddle-feathers of a rich red 32 THE AMERICAN or orange-red color, and having a black stripe down the mid- dle of each feather. Breast and Body: Breast, deep, broad and full, and in color, a rich, deep black:— Body, large and deep, the under- plumage a rich black. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be entirely concealed when the wings are closed: the primaries have a bay edging on the outside web, and dark on the inside web: the secondaries, rich bay on the outside web, black on the inside web, with a greenish-black end to each feather: wing-coverts, greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wings. Tail: Broad, short, soft, and full, and glossy black, with the coverts numerous, the greater being black and the lesser black or black edged with red, — ^white at the base of the feathers ob- jectionable, but not a disqualification — the carriage of the tail more horizontal than upright. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, covering the posterior portions of the fowl, and standing out about the thighs, and In color black. Legs: Thighs, very large and strong, and abundantly covered with perfectly soft feathers, which on the lower part should curve inward around the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint — the plumage black: — Shaiiks, yellow, short, stout, wide apart, and heavily feathered down the outsides with black feathers, or black slightly mottled with white: — Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feath- ered. Carriage : Upright and stately. THE HENT. Head: Small and neat in shape, and in color, rich brown: — Ej'es, mild, clear and bright: — ^Beak, well curved, short, stout, and yellow or horn-color. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 33 Comb: Pea, small and low, firm and even upon the head, with delicate but distinctly defined serrations, and, in color, bright red. Wattles and Eak-lobes: Wattles, brilliant red, small, neatly rounded and fine in texture: — Ear-lobes, rich red, well developed, and fine in texture. Neck: Short, carried forward, the lower part broad and full, and of a rich reddish gold color, with a broad blaolc stripe down the middle of the feathers, and the hackle-feathers reaching weU over the shoulders. Back: Broad, flat and short, with the cushion rising from the middle thereof and partially covering the tail, and, in color brown, handsomely penciled with deeper brown. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full and carried i-ather low; in color, brown, distinctly and handsomely penciled with darker brown; the penciling being well developed over the breast, and reaching well up towards the throat: — Body, deep and broad behind, the general plumage brown, distinctly penciled with, a deeper brown. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be concealed when the wings are closed, the wing-bows neatly covered by the breast feathers, and the points well concealed in the fluff, — ^primaries, a very dark brown or blackish-brown, — secondaries, the inner-web a blackish-brown, and the outer-web a blacldsh-brown, penciled with a light brown, — ^the wing-coverts being quite similar in color and penciling to the same characteristics of the breast. Tail: Short, small, carried horizontally, and almost hidden in the cushion; the main tail-feathers black. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, standing out about the thighs, giving the bird a very broad and deep appearance be- hind, and, in color, brown. Legs, Thighs, large, abundantly covered with soft, fluffy feathers, cui-ving inward around the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, or dusky-yellow, short, stout, wide 34 THE AMERICAN apart, and well feathered down the outsides, the feathers being the same in color as those of the body, and distinctly penciled: —Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and mid- dle toes being well feathered. Cakhiage : Low, with a contented and matronly appearance. POINTS IN pea-comb partridge cochins, Symmetry, . Size and Weight, Condition, . Head, Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, . Wings, . Tail, Fluff, Legs, 8 12 7 3 10 3 10 10 10 7 8 5 7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 35 BLACK COCHINS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; primary wing-feathers twisted, or turned outside the wings; twisted combs; crooked backs; wry tails; birds without leg-feathering; vulture hocks; legs of other color than yellow, shaded with black; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and a half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weigh- ing Jive and a half pounds. ■* ^ THE COCK. a < Head: Rather short and small for the size of the hird, and, uiin plumage, black: — Eyes, bright, dark red, and mild in ex- mpression: — ^Beak, yellowish horn-color, or yellow shaded with black. Comb: Brilliant red, single, firm, rather small, perfectly straight and upright, with well defined serrations, and free from side-sprigs. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, of medium length, well rounded, fine in texture, and rich red: — Ear-lobes, large, pend- ant, fine in texture, and rich red. Neck: Short and neatly curved: — ^hackle, full, flowing well over the shoulders, and free from golden or reddish feathers, and, in color, a rich, glossy black; gray or white under-feathers objectionable, but still permissible in adult cocks. Back: Broad, with a gentle rise from the middle thereof to the tail, and with abundant saddle-feathers, of a rich, glossy black and free from golden or reddish feathers, — gray or white under-feathers permissible in adult cooks, but still objection- able. 3(5 tHE AMERICAN Breast and Body: Breast, broad, deep and full: — Body, round and deep, and, in plumage, a deep, rich black. "Wings: Small, the primaries well folded under the second- aries, so as to be entirely concealed when the wings are closed — the general plumage black, and free from golden or reddisli feathers. Tail : Broad, short, soft and full, with numerous coverts, of rich metallic lustre, and carried more horizontally than up- right, — ^white or gray under-feathers objectionable, but still permissible in adult cocks. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, covering the posterior por- tions of the fowl, and standing out about the thighs, and rich black in color. Legs; Thighs, very large and strong, and plentifully covered with perfectly soft feathers, which, on the lower part, should curve inward around the hock, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, shaded with black, or nearly black in the scales, short, stout or wide apart, and heavily feathered down the out- sides, with deep black feathers: — Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and middle toes being weU feathered. Carriage: — Upright and stately. THE HEN. Head: Small and neatly shaped: — Eyes, bright, dark red, and mild in expression: — Beak, well curved, short and stout, and, in color, a yellowish-horn, or yellow shaded with black. Comb: Brilliant red, single, small, fine, low in front, erect, perfectly straight, with small, well defined serrations, and free from side-sprigs. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, bright red, small, neat- ly rounded, and fine m texture:— Ear-lobes, brilliant red, well developed, and fine in texture. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 87 , Neck: Short, carried forward, the lower part broad and full, tlie plumage deep black, and hackle-feathers reaching well over the shoulders. Back: Broad, flat and short, with the cushion rising from the middle thereof, and partially covering the tail — plumage, deep, glossy black. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full, and carried rather low: — Body, broad, round, and deep behind, and, in plumage, a rich, deep black. Wings: Small, the primaries well folded imder the second- aries, so as to be concealed when the wings are closed, and the wing-bows neatly covered by the breast-feathers, the points well concealed by the fluff, ■ and, in plumage, a rich, glossy black. Fluff: Very abundant and soft, standing out about the thighs, giving the bird a very deep and broad appearance behind, and, in color, deep black. Legs: Thighs, large, abundSintly covered with soft, fluffy feathers, curving inward around the hook, so as nearly to hide the joint: — Shanks, yellow, shaded with black, or nearly black in the scales, short, stout, wide apart, and well feathered on the ontsides with deep black feathers: — Toes, straight, strong, and well spread, the outer and middle toes being well feathered. Carriage: Low, with a contented and matronly appear- ance. SCALE OF POINTS IN BLACK COCHINS. SjTnmetry, ...... . 10 Size and Weight, ..... 12 Condition, ...... . 7 Head, ....... 4 Comb, ...... . 7 Wattles and Ear-lobes, .... 3 Neck, . 10 Back, 10 Breast and Body, ..... . 10 38 TUE A.MEKICAN Wings, ....••■ 8 • Tail, 7 Fluff, 5 Legs, 7 100 Comparisons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. BLACK-BREASTED RED GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Color of legs w plumage not matching, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; wry tails; malformed breasts; duck- feet; adult cocks not dubbed; any artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCZZ. Head : Very rich, dark red, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck:— Beak, wiUow or dark horn-color, slightly curved, and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, in chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, ser- rated, erect and straight:— mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, smaU feathers, or ridges on the edges:— Wattle, in chickens, brilliant red, very thin, and smooth in texture:— Ear-lobes, i-ich red, small, and smooth in texture. Etes: Large and prominent; bright, clear, deep bay, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Rather long and nicely arched, the hackle being rich red, short and close, and free from black stripes. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 39 Back: Bich, dark red, rather short, flat, broad across tlie shouldei-s, and uarrowlng to the tail,— the stern slender and' neat, and the saddle-feathers very short and close, and, in color, rich red. Breast and Body: Breast, broad and full, and a rich black, free from any admixture of red, or any other color:— Body, veiy firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broad- est at the shoulders and tapering towards the tail; the under- part rich, deep black. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the remain- der not drooping but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers: the primaries bay on the outside web, and black on the inside web^the secondaries a rich, clear, bright bay on the outside web, and black on the inside web, with a rich metallic or greenish-black spot on the ends of the feathers: wing-butts, black: wing-bows, rich, dark red, perfectly free from black feathers: wing-coverts, metallic or greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wings, per- fectly even and well defined, and not irregular on the edges. Tail: Rich black, of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation; sickle-feathers and tail-coverts a very rich metallic or gi-eenish-black. Legs and Feet: Thighs, black, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body: — Shanks, in color, willow, olive, yellow, white or blue, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck-footed. Hardness of Feathek: Body-feathers, short, glossy, close, hard and firm; — quills, very hard and strong. 40 THE AMERICAN THE HEN, Head: Long, slender, tapering, very neat in appearance, and brown in color: — ^Beak, horn-color, slightly curved, sharp at the point, and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Eak-lobes: Comb, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect and straight; in color, very bright red: — "Wattles, bright red, small, thin and neatly rounded on the edges :-^Ear-lobes, bright red, very small and close to the face. • Eyes: Brilliant red or bay, large and prominent, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Long, the hackle a bright brownish-yellow, striped with black, the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appearance. Back: Brown, penciled with black, of moderate length, broad across the shoulders, flat, and narrowing to the tail. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, round, and prominent, deep salmon-color, shading off to ashy-brown towards the thighs: — Body, very firm and musgular, broadest at the should- ers, and tapering towards the tail, the general plumage a rich brown. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, making a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides: primaries and secondaries brown: wing-bows, shoulders, and coverts brown, penciled with black, and perfectly free from red. Tail: Dark brown, approaching black, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards at a slight elevation, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly to- gether. Legs: Thighs, ashy-brown, stout and round, and the feath- ers short and close: — Shanks, long, bony, clear and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and, in color, to match STANDARD or EXCELLENCE. 41 those of the cook when placed on exhibition: — I'eet, hi-oad, tlat and thin — toes, long, straight and spreading, and well fur- nished with strong nails, the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards — not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, dose, short, hard and firm — quills, very hard and strong. Carriage : Neat, upright, quick and active. POIJITS IN BLACK-BREASTED RED GAMES. Symmetry, . . 10 Condition, 6 Station, . 12 Color, 12 Head, . 8 Comb, Wattles and Eai -lobes, . 4 Eyes, 5 TSTeok, . . 4 Back, 5 Breast and Body, . . . 6 Wings, . 4 Tail, . . 7 Legs, V 6 Feet, . . 6 Hai'dness of Feather, 5 100 42 THE AMERICAN BROWN-RED GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Color of legs or plumage not matching, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; wry tails; malformed breasts; duck-feet; adult cocks not dubbed; any artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCK. Head: Very dark red, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with tlie neck: — Beak, nearly or quite black, slightly curved, and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Eak-lobes: Comb, in chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight — mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feathers, or ridges, on the edges: — ^Wattles, in chickens, deep red or dark purple, very thin and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, deep red or dark pur- ple, small, thin, and smooth in texture. Etbs: Dark brown or black, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Keck: Rather long and nicely arched, the hackle being short and close, and rich red in color, finely striped with black. Back: Dark crimson-red, rather shoi-t, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail, — the stern slender and neat, the saddle-feathers very short and close, and, in color, red, slightly striped with black. Bee AST and Body: Breast, broad, full, round, and black in color, the shafts and margins of the featliers being reddish- brown, the color becoming darker as it apuroaclies the tliighs: STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 43 —Body, very firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders and tapering towards the tail. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the re- mainder not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers; the primaries dusky-black; secondai-ies, black, with metallic lustre towards the ends of the feathers; wing-bows, dark crimson-red; wing- butts, black, or very dusky-brown ; wing-coverts, rich, glossy black. Tail: Black, of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation — ^tail-coverts, rich, glossy black, and nicely curved. Legs: Thighs, dusky-black, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body: — Shanks, olive, dark willow or bronzy-black, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards and flat on the ground, and not merely touch- ing with the points, or duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. THE HEN. Head: Dark, dusky-brown, approaching a dusky-black, long, slender, tapering and very neat in appearance: — ^Beak, black, or nearly so, slightly curved, sharp at the point and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, red or dark pur- ple, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated and perfectly erect and straight: — Wattles, red or dark purple, 44 THE AMERICAN small, thin, and neatly rounded on the edges:— Ear-lobes, red or dark purple, very small, and close to the face. Eyes: Dark brown or black, large, prominent and bright, with a quick, fiery expression, and perfectly alike in color. . Neck: Rich gold or bright lemon-color, striped with black, long, feathers veiy short, giving the neck a slender and grace- ful appearance. Back: Very dark brown, approaching black, of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail. Bbeast and Body: Breast, brlUiant black, broad, round and prominent: — Body, very firm and muscular, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering towards the tail. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides: primaries and secondaries, as well as wing-bows and coverts, brilliant black, dusky-black, or veiy dark brown. Tail: Black, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thighs, black, stout and round, and the feathers short and close: — Shanks, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, to match those of the cock when placed on exhibition: — Feet, broad, fiat and thin; toes, long, straight and spreading, well furnished with strong nails, the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm, — quiUs, very hard and strong. Carriage : Neat, upright, quick and active. POINTS IN BROWN-RKD GAMES. Symmetry, . . . . . . .10 Condition, ...... g STANDARD Or EXCELLENCE Station, Color, . Head, pomb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, Eyes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, Feet, Hardness of Feather, 46 12 12 8 4 5 4 5 6 4 7 6 6 5 100 46 TUE AMERICAS GINGER-RED GAHES. DISQUALfFICATIONS. Color of legs or plum • 12 Head, , ■ • ■ 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear -lobes. 4 Eyes, , • • ■ 5 Neck, , • • • 4 Back, . . ■ 5 Breast and Body, . . • • • 6 Wings, a ■ • • 4 Tail, , • • • 7 Legs, . • • • ■ 6 Feet, , • • • . 6 Hardness of Feather, . ' 5 100 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 53 SILVER DUCKWI]«G GAIHES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Adult cocks not dubbed; color of legs or plumage not match- ing, when siown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; wry tails; m,alformed breasts; duck-feet; any artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCK. Head: Silvery-white, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck: — Beak, olive or yellow, slightly curved and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, bright red In chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straiglit: — mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and Iree from warty excrescences, small feath- ers, or ridges on the edges: — Wattles, bright red, very thin, and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, bright red, small, thin and smooth in texture. Eyes: Eed, or deep bay, large, prominent, and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Rather long and nicely arched; hackle, short and close, clear white, without any mixture of black or any other color. Back: Silvery-white, rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail, — the stern slender and neat, and the saddle-feathers a clear white; and very short and close. Breast and Bodt: Breast, black, broad, full nnd round: — Body, very firm and muscular, not soft oi' hollow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders and tapering towards the tall; undei-part of the body black. 54 THE AMERICAN Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; tlie re- mainder not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers: primaries, white on the outside web, dark on the inside web; secondaries, a clear white on the outside web, black on the mside web, and on the ends of the feathers; wing-bows, sUvery-white, wing- butts, black, and wing-coverts, a steel-blue, forming wide bars across the wings. Tail: Black, of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation, — ^tail-coverts, a metallic or greenish- black, and nicely curved. Legs: Thighs, black, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body:— Shanks, willow, olive, bronze or blue, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — ^Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong naUs; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well back- wards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck-footed. Haedness of Feather : Body-feathers, short, hard and Arm — quills, very hard and strong. THE HEIT. Head: Silvery-gray, long, slender, tapering, and very neat in appearance: — Beak, willow or bronze, slightly curved, sharp at the point, and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated and perfectly erect and straight:— Wattles, bright red, small, thin and neatly rounded on the edges: — ^Ear-lobes, bright red, very small, and close to the &ce. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 56 fiTES: Red, or deep bay, large, prominent and bright, with a quick, fiery expression, and perfectly alilie in color. Neck: Silvery-white, striped with black, long, the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appearance. Back: Silvery or ashy-gray, the shafts of feathers white, flat, of moderate length, bro.id across the shoulders, and narrow- ing to the tall. Breast and Body: Breast, salmon, broad, round and prominent: — Body, very firm and muscular, broadest at the shoulders and tapering to the tail. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides: the primaries, secondaries, and wing-coverts gray; wing-bows, ashy-gray, the shafts of feathers white, — red or brown on the wings very objectionable. Tail: Dark gi'ay, approaching black, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feath- ers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thighs, ashy-gray, stout and round, and the feathers short and close: — Shanks, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibition: — Feet, broad, flat and thin; toes, long, straight and spreading, well furnished with strong nails; the hind toes set low on the feet, standing well back- Wards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, short, close, hard, and firm, — quills, very hard and stroug. Carriage: Neat, upright, quick and active. POINTS IN SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. Symmetry, . . . . . .10 Condition, ...... 6 Stutiou, . . . . . , .12 Color, ....... 12 6b l> THE AMEEICAN Head, ..... 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes. 4 Eyes, . ... . 6 Neck, 4 Back, ..... 5 Breast and Body, .... 6 Wings, . 4 Tail, 7 Legs, . 6 Feet, 6 Hardness of Feather, . 5 100 SIANDARfi OF EXO£LLENOE. 67 RED PILE GAnES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Adult cocks not dubbed; color of legs or plumage not match- ing, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; vrry tails; malformed breasts; duck-feet; artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCIS. Head : Deep chestnut-red, long, thin and tapering, and very * strong at its junction with the neck: — ^Beak, slightly curved, biand strong at the base. < Comb, Wattles and Eae-lobes: Comb, rich, bright red, win chickens that have not been dubbed, small, single and thin, "low in front, serrated, erect and straight: — mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feath- ers, or ridges on the edges: — Wattles, red, very thin and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, red, small, thin and smooth in texture. Eyes: Red or brown, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Rather long and nicely arched, the hackle light chest- nut-red. Back: Uniform rich red, rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders and narrowing to the tail, — ^the stem slender and neat, and the saddle-feathers light chestnut-red, and very short and close. Bkeast and Body: Breast, white, broad, full and round: — Body, very firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and 68 THE AMEBICAN shoulders slightly raised, as If for a sudden spring; tlie re- mainder not drooping but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-featheis: primaries, white; secondaries, red on the outside web, and white on the inside web, with a white spot on the end of each feather: wing-bows, uniform rich red; wing-coverts, white, edged with red. Tail; White, of medium length, carried well together ana at a moderate elevation, — sickle-feathers white and handsomely curved. Legs: Thighs, white, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body: — Shanks, willow, yellow or white, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, ard the spurs set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well back- wards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck-footed. Haedness of Feather: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm, — quiUs, very hard and strong. TSE IIEIT. Head: Long, slender, tapering, and very neat in appear- ance: — ^Beak, willow or yellow, slightly curved, sharp at the point and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, bright red, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect and straight:— Wattles, bright red, small, thin, and neatly rounded on the edges:— Ear-lobes, bright red, very small, and close to the face. Eyes: Red or brown, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and flery expression, and perfectly alilte in color. Neck: Long, the feathers very short, giving the neck a STANDiCRD OF EXCELLENCE. 89 slender and gi-aceM appeavancc, — the hackle a light chestnut, with white in tlie centre of the feathers. Back : Of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, round, prominent, and chestnut-red on the front part, and mottled, shading to white, on the lower part: — ^Body, very muscular and firm, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail. Wings: White, slightly penciled with light chestnuWed, of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not droop- ing, but carried compactly against the sides: primaries and secondaries, white. Tail: White, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thighs, white, stout and round, and the feathers short and close: — Shanks, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match, in color, with the cock's, when placed on exhibition: — Feet, broad, flat and thin; toes, long, staight and spreading, well filrnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. Carriage : If eat, upright, quick and active. POINTS IN RED PILE GAMES. Symmetry, . . . . . .10 Condition, ...... 6 Station, . .... 12 Colo.r, 12 Head, 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, ^ . . . 4 Eyes, ....... 5 Keck, ....... 4 60 THE AMERICAN Back, . . . a Breast and Body, .... G Wings, ..... 4 Tail, 7 Legs, 6 Feet, 6 Hardness of Feather, ... .5 100 WHITE PILE GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Adult cocks not dubbed; color of legs or plumage not match- ing, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked ha^ks; wry tails; malformed breasts; duck-feet; artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCK. Head: Long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck: — ^Beak, yellow, willow, or white, slightly curved and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, rich, bright red, in chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight: mature bu-ds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feath- ers, or ridges on the edges: — ^Wattles, red, very thin and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, red, small, thin and smooth in texture. Etes: Red, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and ftearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Keck: Rather long and nicely arched, — the hackle mainly white, and with but faint penciling. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 61 Back: Kather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowuig to the tail, in color light-red,— the stern slender and neat, and the saddle-feathers short and close, mainly white, and with but faint penciling. Breast and Body: Breast, white, broad, full and round:— Body, very firm and muscular, not soft or hoUow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the remain- der not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers; primaries and second- aries, white; wing-coverts, a rich, bright red, or orange and port-wine color combined. Tail: Pure white, of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation — sioide-feathers and taU-coverts white, and handsomely curved. Legs: Thighs, white, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body: — Shanks, willow, yellow or white, and the colors preferred in the order in which they are named, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart; the scales smooth and close, and the spui'S set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well back- wards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. THE ZXEIT. Head : Long, slender, tapering and very neat in appearance —Beak, yellow, willow or white, in color, slightly curved, sharp at the point, and stout at the base. Comb, "Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, bright red, single, 62' "tnt AMEBICAl* small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect.and straight: — Wattles, bright red, small, thin and neatly rounded on the edges: — Ear-lobes, bright red, very small, and close to the face. Eyes: Red, large, prominent and bright, with a quick, fiery expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: White, long, the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appearance. Back: Of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail — in color, white. Breast and Body: Breast, distinct chestnut-color, broad, round and prominent: — Body, very firm and muscular, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders oari-ied somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides: primaries and secondaries, white. Tail: Pure white, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thighs, white, stout and round, and the feathers short and close:— Shanks, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibition:— Feet, broad, flat and thin; toes, long, straight and spreading, well furnished vrith strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. . Hakdness of Peathee: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. Cakeiage: Neat, upright, quick and active. points in white pile games. Symmetry, ••..... lo Condition, .... .6 Station, ••■.... 12 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE Oolor, ..... t 12 Head, 8 Comb, Wattles and Eai--lobes, 4 Eyes, 5 Neck, 4 Back, ..... 5 Breast and Body, 6 Wings, ..... 4 Tail, 7 Legs, 6 Feet, ..... 6 Hardness of Feather, 5 63' 100 64 THE AUERICAl!' WHITE GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. AduU cocks not dubbed; color of legs or plumage not matching, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; wry tails; mal- formed breasts; duck-feet; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCK. Head: A pure white, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck: — Beak, yellow or white, slightly curved and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Eak-lobes: Comb, bright red, in chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight: — mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feath- ers, or ridges on the edges: — Wattles, bright red, very thin, and smooth in texture: — ^Ear-lobes, bright red, small, thin, and smooth in texture. ETes: Red, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck:— Rather long and nicely arched— the hackle short and close, pure white, and free from any tinge of yellow. Back: Rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail — the stern slender and neat, and the sad- dle-feathers very short and close, pure white, and free from yellow tinge. Bee AST AND Body: Breast, pure white, broad, full and round:— Body, very firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders and tapering to the tail, and. In plumage, clear, pure white. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 65 shoulders slightly raised, as If for a sudden spring; the remain- der not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers: primaries, secondaries, and wing-coverts, pure white, free from yellowish tinge. Tail: Of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation, — sickle-feathers and tail-coverts pure, clear white, and handsomely curved. Legs: Thighs, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well fbrward on the body: — Shanks, yellow or white, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart; the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck- footed. Hardness op Feather: Body feathers, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. THE HEIT. Head: Long, slender, tapering and very neat in appear- ance: — ^Beak, yellow or white, slightly curved, sharp at the point, and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect and straight: — ^Wattles, bright red, small, thin and neatly rounded on the edges: — Ear-lobes, bright red, very small, and close to the face. Etes: Large, prominent and bright, with a quick, fiery expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Long, .the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appearance, the hackle clear white. Back: Of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail. 66 THE AMERICAN Bkeast and Body: Breast, broad, round and prominent: — Body, very muscular and firm, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, and, in plumage, a clear, pure white throughout. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against tlie sides: primaries, secondaries and coverts, all pure white. Tail: Clear white, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thiglis, stout and round, and the feathers short and close: — Shanks, yellow or white, long, bony, clean and taper- ing, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibition: — ^Feet. broad, flat and thin; toes long, straight, and spreading, well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on tlie feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. Carriage: Ifeat, upright, quick and active. points in white games, Symmetry, Condition, . Station, Color, Head, Comb, "Wattles and Ear-lobes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, . Tail, 10 6 12 12 8 4 5 4 5 6 4 7 STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 67 Legs, ....... 6 Feet, ....... 6 Hardness of Feather, .... 5 100 BLACK GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS, Adult cocks not dubbed; color of legs or plumage not match- ing, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; wry tails; malformed breasts; duck-feet; any artificial coloring ; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCK. Head: Rich, deep black, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck: — Beak, olive or bronzy- black, slightly curved, and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, in chickens that have not been dubbed, bright red, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight, — mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feath- ers, or ridges on the edges: — Wattles, bright red, very thin, and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, bright red, small, thin, and smooth in texture. Eyes: Black or brown, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Rather long and nicely arched — the hackle short and close, and rich metallic black in color. Back: Rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail — ^the stern slender and neat, and the sad- dle-feathers veiy short and close, and a rich, lustrous black. 68 THE AMEBICAN Breast and Body: Breast, deep black, broad and full:— Body, very firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail— plumage throughout, a rich, deep black. Wings: Of medium length, and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the remain- der not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers. Tail: Of medium length, carried well together and at a 'moderate elevation — sickle-feathers and tail-coverts a rich, glossy, or metallic black. Legs: Thighs, deep black, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body:— Shanks, dark oUve, leaden-black, or bronzy-black, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well fur- nished with strong nails ; the hind-toes set low on the feet, stand- ing well backwards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck-footed. Hakdness of Feathek: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm. — quills, very hard and strong. THE HEN. Head: Long, slender, tapering, and very neat in appear- ance: — Beak, dark olive or bronzy-black, slightly curved, sharp at the point and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated and perfectly erect and straight: — Wattles, bright red, small, thin and neatly rounded on the edges: — Ear-lobes, bright red, very small and close to the face. Eyes: Bla«k or brown, large, prominent and bright, with a quicli:, flery expression, and perfectly alike in color. STANDABD OF EXCBLLKNCE. 69 Neck: Long, the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appewance. Back: Of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail, and, in color, a rich, lustrous black. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, round and prominent: — Body, very firm and muscular, broadest at the shoulders and tapering to the tail, and the plumage, throughout, a rich, glossy black. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides: primaries and secondajies, deep black; wing-coverts a rich, glossy black. Tail: Moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together, and a pure, deep black in color. Legs: Thighs, stout and round, and the feathers short and close: — Shanks, dark olive or leaden-black, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibition : — Feet, broad, flat and thin; toes long, straight and spreading, well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm,^^iuills, very hard and strong Carriage: Keat, upright, quick and active. points in black games. Symmetry, . . . . . . .10 Condition, ...... 6 Station, . . . . . • . 12 Color, 12 Head, ....... 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, ... 4 Eyes, Neck, ■! 5 70 THE AMERICAN Back, ...... .5 Breast and Body, ..... 6 "Wings, ■ • -4 Tail, • 7 Legs, 6 Feet, . . . . • • 6 Hardness of i'eather, . . • . .5 100 BLUE GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Adult cocks not dubbed color; of legs or plumage not match- ing, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs; wry tails; malformed breasts; duck-feet; any artificial coloring; trimming •r plucking foul feathers. THE COCK. Head: Very dark blue, shaded with black, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck: — Beak, black or brownish-black, slightly curved, and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, in chickens that have not been dubbed, dark red or purple, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight, — ^mature bii-ds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feathers, or ridges on the edges: — ^Wattles, dark red, very thin, and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, dark red or purple, thin, and smooth in texture. . Eyes: Black, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 71 Neck: Blue, shaded with black, rather long, and nicely arched, — tlie hackle short and close. Back: Dai-k blue, rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail, — the stern slender and neat, and the saddle-feathers blue, tinged with golden-red or yellow, and very short and close. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full and round:— Body, vei-y firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broad- est at the shoulders and tapering to the tail, and, in color of plumage, deep blue tlu-oughout. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the re- mainder not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers: primai-ies and secondaries, dark blue; wing-coverts, blue, tinged with golden- red or yellow. Tail: Dark blue, of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation, — tail-coverts nicely cuired, and deep blue in color. Legs: Thighs, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body: — Shanks, blue-black or olive, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — ^Feet, broad, thin and flat, the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with ■ the points, or duck- footed. Hardness op Feather: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. THE HEN. Head: Very dark blue, shaded with black, long, slender,' tapering, and very neat in appearance:— Beak, black, or brown- ish-black, slightly purved, sharp at the point and stout at the base. 72 THE AMERICAN Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, dark red or purple, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect and straight: — Wattles, dark red, small, thin, and neatly rounded on the edges: — ^Ear-lobes, dark red, very small and close to the face. Eyes: Black, large, prominent and bright, with a quick, fiery expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Blue, shaded with black, long, the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appearance. Back: Dark blue, of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the taU. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, round and prominent: — ^Body, very firm and muscular, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the taU, — ^the plumage, throughout, a rich, dark blue. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat ba«k, the points not droopmg, but carried compactly against the sides: primaries and secondaries, dark blue: wing-coverts, dark blue, bordering on black. Tail: Moderate in length, dark blue, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together, — the tail-coverts dark blue, border- ing on black. Legs: Thighs, dark blue, stout and round, and the feath- ers short and close: — Shanks, blue-black or olive, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibition: — Feet, broad, flat and thin — toes, long, straight and spreading, well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm — quills, very hard and strong. Carriage : Neat, upright, quick and active. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. POINTS IN BLUE GAMES- 73 Symmetry, . Condition, Station, Color, Head, Comb, Wattles and Ear Eyes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, Feet, Hardness of Feather, r-lobes, • 10 6 12 12 8 4 5 4 5 6 4 7 6 6 5 100 74 THE AMERICAN GRAY GAIHES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Adult cocks not duVbed; color of legs or plumage not match- ing, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked hacks; wry tails; malformed breasts; duck-feet; artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. TSE COCZI. Head : Silvery-gray, long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junction with the neck: — ^Beak, dark willow or horn- color, slightly curved, and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Eae-lobes: Comb, in chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight,— mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feathers, or ridges on the edges: — ^Wattles, red or purple, very thin and smooth in texture:— Ear-lobes, dark red or purple, small, thin, and smooth in texture. Eyes: Deep bay or brown, large, prominent and bright, vyith a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Bather long and nicely aiched,— the hackle short and close, and, in color, silvery-gray. Back: Silvery-gray, rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail,— the stern slender and neat, and the saddle-feathers very short and close, and gray in color. Bee AST AND Body: Breast, broad, full and round; in color, black; the shafts of feathers silvery-gray, the color growing darker as it approaches the lower part of the thighs:— Body, STANDABD OF EXCELLENCE. 75 very firm and muscular, not soft or hollow ou the sides, broadest at the shoulders and tapering to the tail. Wings: Of medium length, and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the re- mainder not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers: primaries, dusky- black; secondaries, black, with metallic lustre towards the ends of the feathers; wing-butte, black or dark gray; wing- bows, silvery-gray; wing-coverts, rich, glossy black. Tail: Black, of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation. IiEGS: Thighs, dusky-black, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and placed well forward on the body: — Shanks, dusky-willow or bronzy-black, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apai-t, ihe scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low:— Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touch- ing with the points, or duck-footed. Hardness of Feathee: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm, — quills, Tery hard and strong. THE HEN. Head: Dusky-gray, long, slender, tapering, and very neat in appearance: — ^Beak, dark willow or bronzy-black, slightly curved, sharp at the point and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Eae-lobes: Comb, single, small and iliin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect and straight; color, dark red or purple :-Wattles, red, purple, small, thin, and neatly rounded on the edges: — Ear-lobes, dark red or purple, very small, and close to the face. Eyes: Deep bay or brown, large, prominent and bright, with a quick, fiery expression, and perfectly alike in color. 76 THE AMERICAN Neck: Silvery-gray, striped with blaclt, long, the feathers very short, giving the neck a slender and graceful appearance. Back: Very dark gray, of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tafl. Breast and Body: Breast, broad; round and prominent: — ^Body, very firm and muscular, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail. Wings: Of medium length, and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat hack, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides. Tail: Black, moderate in length, not carried over the back, but extending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thighs, very darls, stout and round, and the feathers short and close: — Shanks, dark willow, approaching black, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smootli and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibi- tion: — ^Feet, broad, flat and thin; toes, long, straight and spreading, well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck- footed. Hardness op Pbathek: Body-feathers, dose, short, hard and firm,— quills, very hard and strong. Carriage: Neat, upright, quick and active. points in grat games. Symmetry, ..... Condition, ..... . 10 6 Station, ...... Color, ...... Head, ...... . 12 12 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, . ... . 4 Eyes^ Neck, Back, ...... Breast and Body, ..... 5 . 4 5 . G STAKDAKD 01'' EXCELLENCE. 77 Wings, ....... 4 Tail, 7 Legs, ....... 6 Feet, 6 Hardness of Feather, ..... 5 100 SPANGLED GAMES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Adult cocks not dubbed; color of legs or plumage not match- ing, when shown in pairs or trios; crooked backs ; wry tails, duck-feet; any artificial coloring; trimming or plucking foul feathers. THE COCIC. Head: Long, thin and tapering, and very strong at its junc- tion with the neck: — Beak, yellow, willow, olive or bronzy- black, slightly cui-ved, and strong at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, in chickens that have not been dubbed, single, small and thin, low in front, serrated, erect and straight, — mature birds to be neatly dubbed, and free from warty excrescences, small feathers, or ridges on the edges: — Wattles, red, very thin and smooth in texture: — Ear-lobes, red, small, thin, and smooth in texture. Etes: Red, bay or dark, large, prominent and bright, with a quick and fearless expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Rather long and nicely arched, — hackle, short and close, and, in colors, either black and white, red and white, blue and white, buff and white, or any clearly defined combi- nation. 78 THE AMERICAN Back: Rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders, and Qarrowlng to the tail, — the stern slender and neat, the saddle- feathers very short and close, and of any well-defined comhi- natlon of spangling. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, fuU, round, and well spangled: — ^Body, very firm and muscular, not soft or hollow on the sides, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — the general plumage being black and white, red and white, blue and white, buff and white, or any other clearly defined and duly fixed combination of colors. Wings: Of medium length and powerful, the butts and shoulders slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring; the remain- der not drooping but carried compactly against the sides, the points resting under the saddle-feathers. Tail: Of medium length, carried well together, and at a moderate elevation, — tail-coverts, nicely cui'ved. Legs: Thighs, rather long, round, stout, hard and firm, and . placed weU forward on the body: — Shanks, yellow, willow, olive or bronzy-black, rather long, bony, clean and strong, and standing well and evenly apart, the scales smooth and close, and the spurs set on low: — Feet, broad, thin and flat; the toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low ion the feet, standing well backwards, and flat on the ground, and not merely touching with the points, or duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. THE HEN. Head: Long, slender, tapering, and very neat in appear- ance: — ^Beak, yellow, willow, olive or bronzy-black, slightly curved, sharp at the point and stout at the base. Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes: Comb, single, small and thin, low in front, evenly serrated, and perfectly erect and STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 79 Straight:— Wattles, red, small, thin, and neatly rounded on the edges: — Earrlobes, red, very small, and close to the face. Eyes: Red, bay or dark, large, prominent and bright, with a quick, flery expression, and perfectly alike in color. Neck: Long, the feathers vei-y short, giving the neck a slen- der and graceful appearance, — the plumage spangled, black and white, red and white, blue and white, buff and white, or any other well-defined combination. Back: Of moderate length, flat, broad across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail. Breast and Body: Breast, spangled, broad, round and prominent: — ^Body, very muscular and firm, broadest at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, the plumage throughout handsomely spangled. Wings: Of medium length, and powerful, the butts and shoulders carried somewhat high, so as to cause a flat back, the points not drooping, but carried compactly against the sides. Tail: Moderate in length, not carried over the back, but ex- tending backwards, the feathers not spread out, but held neatly together. Legs: Thighs, stout and round, and the feachers short and close: — Shanks, yellow, willow, olive or bronzy-black, long, bony, clean and tapering, the scales narrow, smooth and close, and to match the cock's, in color, when placed on exhibition:— Feet, broad, flat and thin; toes long, straight and spreading, and well furnished with strong nails; the hind-toes set low on the feet, standing well backwards, and not duck-footed. Hardness of Feather: Body-feathers, close, short, hard and firm, — quills, very hard and strong. Carriage: Neat, upright, quick and active. I POINTS IN SPANGLED GAMES. Symmetry, . , . . . . .10 Condition, ...... 6 Station, . . . . . . .12 Color, ...... 12 80 THE AMERICAN Head, 8 Comb, Wattles and Ear-lobes, ... 4 Eyes, . . . • • ■ • B Neck, 4 Back, ....... 5 Breast and Body, ..... 6 Wings, . . . • • • -4 Tail, . . . • ... . 7 Legs, ■ . . . • • .6 Feet, ....... 6 Hardness of Feather, . • . . .5 100 SlANDAKD OF EXCELLENCE. 81 GAME BANTAIHS. The general shape and colok of Game Bantams to be the same as in cokresponding varieties op games. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Cocks weighing over twenty-six ounces; hens over tweniy-two jounces; cockerels over twenty-four ounces; pullets over twenty ''ounces; mature cocks not dubbed; wry tails; duck-feet; color of legs or plumage not matching, when shown in pairs or trios; *any artificial coloring ; trimming or plucking foul feathers. a < POINTS IN GAME BANTAMS. Symmetiy, u Condition, «... ' Station, Color, . . Smsillness of Size, Head, Comb, "Wattles and Ear-lobes, Eyes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, Feet, . . . . Hardness of Feather, 10 5 10 12 12 5 3 4 4 3 6 4 6 6 5 5 100 8ii THE AMEBICAJiT GOLDEN-SPANGLED HAMBURGS, DISQUALIFfCATIONS. Gomh, single or falling over to either side; natural absence of spike; red ear-lobes; wry or squirrel tails; crooked hacks; birds viithout distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescent- shaped; solid black or laced breasts; legs other than blue; hert- feathered cock. THE COCK. ^ Head: Rich, deep golden-bay, short and small: — ^Beak, dark Jin color, of medium size: — Eyes, rich red. g Comb: Hose, rich, deep red, not so large as to overhang the < eyes or beak, square in front, fitting close and straight on the in head, without inclining to either side, free from hollow in the "centre, uniform on each side, the top covered with small points, and terminating in a sgike, which should incltne upward very slightly. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, not pendant, but fitting close to the face, of medium size, flat, round and even:— "Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and well rounded: — Face, free from white. Keck and Hackle: Neck, tapering, the higher pai-tcan-ied well over the back:— Hackle, full and flowing well over the shoulders— in color, rich, deep golden-bay, each feather striped down the centre to the end vrtth glossy greenish-black, each color weU defined, and not clouded. Back and Saddle: Back, of medium length, rich, deep reddish-bay, distmctly spangled with metallic-black, the mark- ings of the feathers giving the spangle a starry or rayed appear- ance:— Saddle, deep reddish-golden-bay, each feather striped down the centre with metallic or greenish-black. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 83 Breast and Body: Breast, prominent and full, golden-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a large, distinct, round greenish-black moon or spangle, as little tipped with white as possible, the moons increasing in size in propor- tion to the increase in the size of the feathers: — Body, round and symmetrical in shape, and the plumage close and glossy. Wings: Ample, the points carried rather low: primaries, bay, ending with a blacl^ metallic crescent; secondaries, rich, golden-bay, each feather ending with a greenish metallic-black crescent; wing-bows, deep reddish-golden-bay, distinctly spangled with metallic-black; the greater and lesser wing-cov- erts, a dear, reddish-golden-bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large, oblong, greenish-black metallic spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across the wings, as free from white tips as possible. Tail: Greenish-black, full and well expanded; the sickle- feathers well curved and glossy, and the tail-coverts abundant, and rich in metallic lustre. Legs: Thighs, golden-bay, the feathers ending with distinct greenish-black spangles: — Shanks, blue or slaty-blue, slender, rather short, and clean and neat in appearance. Carriage: Upright, graceful and active. THE TIEN. Head: Golden-bay, small, and neatly shaped: — Beak, dark, and of medium size: — Eyes, rich bright red. Comb: Eose, deep red, small, when compared with that of the cock, and litting close and straight on the head, without uidining to either side. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, small, flat, rounded on the lower part, fitting close to the face, and not pendant: — Wattles, red, small, thin, and well rounded. 84 THE AMERICAN Keck AND Hackle: Keck, tapering and graceful: — Hackle, golden-bay, each feather distinctly striped down the centre with distinct, rich, greenish-black. Back: Of medium length, clear golden-bay, free from mos- sing or lacing, each feather ending with a distinct, large, round, greenish-black spangle, as little tipped with white as possible. Bkeast and Body: Breast, broad and plump, golden-bay, free from lacing or mossing, each feather ending with a dis- tinct, large, round, rich, greenish-black moon or spangle, as little tipped with white as possible; the moons increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feathers: — Body, round and plump, and the general plumage golden-bay, the feathers terminating in rich, greenish-black spangles, as free from white tips as possible. Wings: Ample, and carried close to the body: primaries, golden-bay, each feather terminating with a black spangle; secondaries, golden-bay, each feather ending with a rich green- ish-black half moon, or crescent-shaped spangle; wing-bows, clear golden-bay, each feather terminating with a distinct, round, greenish-black spangle; wing-coverts, clear golden-bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large, round, rich, greenish-black spangle, forming across the wings two distinct, rich, glossy black bars. Tail: (Jreenish-blaok, full, and carried at a moderate ele- vation. Tail Covekts: Golden-bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a rich greenish-black spangle. Legs: Thighs, golden-bay, the plumage ending in greenish- black spangles: — Shanks, slender, of medium length, clean and neat in appearance, and blue or slaty-blue in color. Carhiage: Graceful and sprightly. POINTS IN golden-spangled HAMBURG COCKS. Symmetry,. ...... 10 Condition, . . . . . . .5 Head, ....... 6 Comb, . . . . ■ .15 STANHARD OF EXCELLENCE. 85 Eai--lobes (4) and Wattles (4), ... 8 Neck (3) and Hackle (3), . . . .6 Back (4) and Saddle (C), .... 10 Breast (5) and Body (5), . . . . .10 "Wings, (Primai'iesS — Secondaries 5 — Wiiig-Biiis 10). 20 "TaU, ........ 5 Legs, ... ... 5 100 POINTS IN GOLDEN-SPANGLED HAMBURG HENS. Symmetry, ...... 10 Condition, ... . • . . 5 Head, ....... 6 Comb, 15 Ear-lobes (4) and Wattles (4), ... 8 Neck (3) and Hackle (3), ..... 6 Back, ....... 5 Breast (6) and Body ^4), . . . . .10 Wings (Primaries 5 — Secondaries 5 — Wing-Bars 10), 20 Tail (5) TaU-coverts (5) 10 Legs, ....... 5 100 86 THE AMERICAN GOLDEA-PENCILED HAIHBVRGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Comb, single or falling over to either side; natural essence of spike; ear-lobes entirely r'ed; crooked backs; wry or squirrel tails; legs of other color than bins. THE COCK. Head: Eeddish-bay, short and small:— Beak, of medlam size and dark in color: — Eyes, large and bright. Comb: Rose, deep red, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side, free from hollow in the centre, uniform on each side, the top covered. with small points, and terminating in a spike, which Inclines upward very slightly. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, opaque white, not pendant, but fitting close to the face, of medium size, flat, round and even: — Face, bright red and free from white. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering, the higher part car- ried well over the back:— Hackle, bright, clear, reddish-bay, full, and flowing well over the shoulders. Back and Saddle: Back, a deep, rich, reddish-bay, of medium length:— Saddle-feathers, abundant, and a rich red- dish-bay in color. Bkeast and Body: Breast, reddish-bay, full and prominent: —Body, round, and symmetrical in shape, and the plumage close and glossy, — color, reddish-bay. Wings: Ample, the points carried rather low; primaries, reddish-bay on the outside web, and black on the inside web; STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 87 secondaries, reddish-bay on the outside web, the inside penciled across with black bars, each feather ending with a small black spot; wiug-bows, reddish-bay. Tail: Black, full and well expanded, and carried tolerably upright, but not erect. -Sickle-Feathees: Rich gi-eenish-black down the middle ot the feathers theii- entire length, with a distinct edging of rich reddish-bay, about one-sixteenth of. an inch in width. Tail-Coterts : Abundant, rich greenish-black, with red- dish-bay edging, like the sickle-feathers. Legs: — Thighs, reddish-bay, of medium size, and well de- veloped: — Shanks, blue or slaty-blue, slender, rather short, dean and neat in appearance. Carriage: Upright, graceful and active. THE HEN. Head: Small and neatly shaped: — ^Beak of medium size, and dark in color: — Eyes, bright red. Comb: Rose, deep red, small when compared with that of the cock, and fitting close and straight on the head, without ineUning to either side. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Wattles, red small, thin, and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, opaque white, small, flat, rounded on the lower part, fitting close to the face, and not pendant. Neck AND Hackll: Neck, tapering and graceful: — Hackle, (dear, deep golden-bay, or golden-orange color. Back: Of medium length, in color a clear, deep, golden-bay, free from lacing or mossing, each feather distinctly penciled with rich greenish-black bars across it. Breast and Body: Breast, prominent and full, reddish-bay, and penciled across wish black bars:— Body, round and plump, the general plumage, reddish-bay, and so evenly and distinctly penciled across the feathers with black, as to form, as near as possible, parallel lines across the bird. 88 THE AMERICAN Wings: Ample, and carried close to the body: primaries, reddish-bay; secondaries, reddish-bay, pencUed across with black; wing-coverts, reddish-bay, evenly penciled across with black bars. Tail: Reddish-bay, penciled across with black, fuU, and carried at a moderate elevation. Legs: Thighs, of medium size and length, reddish-bay, — plumage, penciled across with black: — Shanks, slender, of medium length, clean and neat in appearance, and blue or slaty-blue in color. Caekiage: Graceful and active. Symmetry, ..... . 10 Condition, ..... 5 Head, . 6 Comb, ...... 15 Ear-lobes (4) and Wattles (2), . . 6 Neck (2) and Hackle (3), 5 Back (5) and Saddle (5), . . 10 Breast (3) and Body (2), 5 Wings, . 7 Tail (10), Sickles (8), Tail-coverts (8), 26 Legs, 5 IOC points in golden-penciled hambueg hens. Symmetry, . . . . . . .10 Condition, ...... 5 Head, ...... 6 Comb, . . .... 15 Wattles (2) and Ear-lobes (4), . . . . 6 Neck (2) and Hackle (3) r. Back, 10 Breast (7) and Body (5), . . . V2 STANDARD OF KXCELLENCU. 80 Wings, ....... 7 Tall (12) Tail-coverts (7) 10 Legs, . . .... 5 100 SILTER-SPANGLED HAMBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Oomb, single or falling over to either side, or natural absence of spike; red ear-lobes; wry or squirrel tails; crooked backs; birds without distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescent-shaped; solid black or laced breast; legs other than blue; hen-feathered cock. TS.E COCK. Head: Silvery-white, short and small: — ^Beak, blue or hom- color, and of medium size : — Eyes, dark hazel, full and sprightly. Comb; Rose, deep red, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side, not hollow in the centre, uni- form on each side, the top covered with small points, and ter- minating in a spike behind, which should incline upward very slightly. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, not pendant, but fitting close to the face, of medium size, flat, round and even: — ^Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and well rounded, and free fi-om white. Neck and Hackxe: Neck, tapering, the higher part carried well over the back: — Hackle, fuU and flovring well over the 90 THE AMERICAK shoulders, silvery-white, and free from yellow tinge, the longer feathers ending with a small black spangle, presenting a rayed appearance. Back and Saddle: Back, of medium length, silvery-white, free from yellow tinge, distinctly spangled with black, the peculiar markings or spangles of the feathers giving them a starry or rayed appearance: — Saddle, silvery- white, abundant, and free from yellow, the largest feathers ending with a small black spangle. Beeast and Body : Breast, prominent and full, clear silvery- white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a distinct, large, round, rich, greenish-black moon or spangle, as little tipped with white as possible, the moons increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feathers: — Body, round and symmetrical in shape, and, in plumage, char- acterized by markings similar to those of the breast. Wings: Ample, the points carried rather low: primaries, white, each feather ending vrith a distinct black spangle; secondaries, clear silvery-white, each feather ending with a large greenish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon: the greater and lesser wing-coverts silvery-white, free from lacing, each feather ending in a large greenish-black moon or spangle, and forming two distinct parallel bars across the wings. Tail: White on the outside, each feather ending in a large black spangle. Sickle-Feathees: Pure white, with a rich, greenish-black spangle at the termination of each feather. Tail-Coveets: Pure white, abundant, and with the same rich spangUng at the ends as the sickle-feathers. Legs: Thighs, sUvery-white, the feathers terminating in black spangles, as in other parts of the fowl: — Shanks, blue or slaty-blue, slender, rather short, clean and neat in appearance. Caeeiage : Upright, graceful and active. StANDABD OF EXCELLENCE. 91 THE HEN. Head: Clear silvery-while, small, and neatly shaped: — Beak, horn-color, and of medium size: — Eyes, dark hazel. Comb: Rose, deep red, small, when compared with that of the cook, and fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Eai-lohes, opaque white, small, flat, rounded on the lower part, fitting close to the face, and not pendant:— Wattles, red, small, thin, and well rounded. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering and graceful:— Hackle, clear silvery-white, each feather distinctly striped towards the end with greenish-black. Back: Clear silvery-white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a distinct, large, round, gi-eenish-black moon or spangle. Breast and Bodt : Breast, broad and plump; a clear silvery- wliite, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending with a distinct, large, round, rich, greenish-black moon or spangle, as little tipped with white as possible, the moons increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feathers: — Body, plump and round, the general plumage, sUvery-white, and terminating at the extremities of the feathers in greenish-black moons or spangles. Wings: Ample, and carried close to the body: — ^primaries, white, each feather ending with a distinct black spangle; secondaries, clear silvery-white, each feather ending with a large greenish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon; wing- coverts, greater and lesser, clear silvery-white, free from lacing or mossing, each feather terminating with a large, round, greenish-black spangle, and forming two distinct parallel bars across the wing. Tail: White on the outside, each feather ending with a large, round, black spangle: — Tail-coverts, white on the outsides, the feathers terminating with a large, round, black spangle. \ 92 THE AMEEtCA»f Legs: Thighs, silvery-white, the feathers terminating in greenlsh-black spangles: — Shanks, blue or slaty-blue, slender, of medium length, clean and neat In appearance. Oaeriage: Graceful and sprightly. POINTS IN SILVER-SPANGLED HAMBURG COCKS. Symmetry, . Condition, Head, Comb, .... Ear-lobes (5) and Wattles (3), Keck (2) and Hackle (3), Back (5) and Saddle (5), . Breast (6) and Body (4), Wings, (Primaries (3), Secondaries (5), Tail (4), Sickles (4), Tail-coverts (3), Legs, .... , , , 10 • 5 ■ • • 5 15 . . . 8 5 10 10 ), Wing- bars (10), 18 11 3 100 POINTS IN SILVER-SPANGLED HAMBURG HENS. Symmetry, ...... 10 Condition, ..... 5 Head, ...... Comb, ...... 15 Ear-lobes (5) and Wattles (3), 8 Neck (2) and Hackle (8), 5 Back, , . . . .- . 5 Breast (6) and Body (4), 10 Wings, (Primaries (5), Secondaries (5), Wing-bars (10, 20 TaU (6;, Tail-coverts (5), 11 Legs i> 100 STANUAliD OF EXCELLKNCE. 03 SILTER-PENCILEI) HANBURGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Comb, single or falling over to either side, or natural absence of spike; ear-lobes entirely red; crooked backs; wry or squirrel tails; legs of other color than blue. THE COCK. Head: Silvery-white, short and small: — Beak, of medium size and silvery-white in color: — Eyes, bright red. Comb: Eose, deep red, not so large as to overhang the eyes or bealc, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side, not hollow in the centre, uni- form on each side, the top covered "with small points, and ter- minating in a spili:e behind, which inclines upward very slightly. Ear-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, not pendant, but fitting close to the face, of medium size, flat, round and even: — "Wattles, bright red, broad, thin and well rounded, and free from white. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering, the higher part carried weU over the back: — ^Hackle, a clear silvery-white, quite full, flowing well over the shoulders, and as free as possible from a yellow tinge. Back and Saddle: Back, a clear silvery-white, and of me- dium length:— Saddle-feathers, abundant, silvery-white, and as free as possible from a yellow tinge. Breast and Bodt: Breast, silveiy-white, full and promi- nent:— Body, round and symmetrical in shape, the plumage close, and the color, in the main, silvery-white, the only pen- ciling or dark spots visible, being about the fluff of the thighs. 94 THE AMERICAN WiKGS: Ample, the points carried rather low; primaries white; secondaries, white on the outer webs, except a narrow strip of black next the shafts of the feathers, the inner webs black, except a narrow border of white or gray on the outer edges: — wing-coverts, apparently white when the wings are closed, but darkly pencUed on the inner webs when examined. Tail: Black, full, and well expanded, and carried tolerably upright, but not erect. Sickle-Feathers: Rich black down the entire middle of the feathers, with a narrow and distinct edging of white. Tail-Coverts: Abundant, rich, glossy black, with a deli- cate edging of white. Legs: Thighs, silvery-white, of medium size and length:— Shanks, blue or slaty-blue, slender, rather short, clean, and neat in appearance. Carriaqe: Upright, graceful and active. THE HEIT. Head: Silvery-white, small, and nicely shaped :-rI5eak, silvery-white, and of medium size: — ^Eyes, bright red. Comb: Bobs, rich, deep red, small when compared with that of the cock, and fitting close and straight on the head, witho.ut inclining to either side. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, cfpaque white, small, flat, rounded on the lower part, fitting close to the face, and not pendant: — ^Wattles, red, small, thin, and well rounded. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering and graceful: — Hackle, clear, silvery-white. Back: Bound, of medium length, a clear silvery-white, free from lacing or mossing, each feather distinctly and evenly pen- ciled across with rich, gi-eenish-black bars. Breast and Body: Breast, prominent and full, clear sil- very-white, and pencUed evenly across with black bars: — Body, STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 95 plump and round, Oie plumage close, and so evenly and dis- tinctly penciled across the feathers with black, as to form, as near as possible, parallel lines across the bird. Wings: Ample, and carried close to the body: primaries, silvery-white; secondaries, sU very-white, penciled across with black bars; win^-bows, silvery-white, penciled across with dark bars; wing-coverts, silvery-white, penciled evenly across with black bars. Tail: SUvery-white, richly and deeply penciled across with black bai-s, fuU, somewhat expanded, and carried at a moder- ate elevation. Legs: Thighs, of medium size and length, silvery-white, and well penciled across with black bars: — Shanks, slender, of medium length, clean, and neat in appearance, and blue or slaty-blue in color. Carkiage: Graceful and sprightly. POINTS IN silver-penciled HAMBURG COCKS. Symmetry, ...... 10 Condition, ....... 5 Head, 6 Comb, . . . . ... .15 Ear-lobes (4) and Wattles (2), . . . .6 Neck (2) and Hackle (3), .... 5 Back (4) and Saddle (6), . . . .10 Breast (3) and Body (2) 5 Wings, . . . . • • -7 Tail, 5 Sickle-Feathers, . . . • • • § Tail-coverts, ....•■ 8 Legs, . . . . • ■ -10 100 ••B THE AMERICAN POINTS IN SILVER-l'ENCILEU HAMBURG HENS. Symmetiy, . . . . . .10 Condition, ...... 5 Head, ....... 6 Comb, ...... 15 Ear-lobes (4) aud Wattles (2), ... 6 Neck (4) and Hackle (6), . . . . . 10 Back, ....... 5 Breast (7) and Body (5), . . . .12 Wings, 7 Tail, ....... 19 Legs, ....... 5 100 STAND AK 11 OK EXCELLUNCE. 97 WHITE HAMBURG8. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Comb, falling over to either side, or so large as to obstruct the sight; natural absence of spike; red ear-lobes; crooked bac ks ; wry or squirrel tails; legs other than blue or leaden-blue; white face. TH3a COCK. Head: Short and small, the plumage white; — Beak, blue or 5 leaden-blue, and of medium size: — Eyes,' red or pearl, u, Comb: Rose, rich, deep red, not so large as to overhang the 3 eyes or beak, square in front, fitting close and straight on the °-head, without inclining to either side, not hollow in the cen- "tre, miiform on each side, the top covered Avith small points, and terminating in a spike behind, which inclines upward very slightlj'. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, not pendant, but fitting close to the face, of medium size, flat, round and even : — Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and well rounded, and free from white. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering, the higlier part carried well over the back: — Hackle, full, and flowing- well over the shoulders, pure white, and free from yellowish tinge. Back and Saddle: Back, a clear white, free from yellowisii tinge: — Saddle-feathers, abundant, and clear white. Breast and Body: Breast, prominent and broad, and pure white in color: — Body, plump and round, and the plumage, clear white. Wings: Ample, the points carried rather low, the general plumage a pure white, and free fiom yellowish tinge. 98 THE AMERICAN Tail: Full, well expanded, and carried well up, and pure white in. color:— Sickle-feathers, pure white and well curved:— Tail-coverts, abundant, and pure white. Legs: Thighs, clear white, of medium length, and well de- veloped:— Shanks, blue or leaden-blue, of medium length, slender, clean, and neat in appearance. Cakeiage: Upright, graceful and active. THE HEN. Head: Pure white, small, and neatly shaped: — Beak, blue or leaden-blue, of medium size: — Eyes, red or pearl. Comb: Bose, bright red, small when compared with that of the cock, and fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side. Eae-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, small, flat, rounded on the lower part, fitting close to the face, and not pendant: — Wattles, red, small, thin, and well rounded. Keck and Hackxe: Neck, tapering and graceful:— Hackle, pure white, and reaching well over the shoulders. Back: Pure white in color, and of medium length. Bee AST and Body: Breast, broad, full and plump:— Body, round and plump, and, in plumage, pure white. Wings: Ample, and carried close to the body, — the primar ries, secondaries and wing-coverts, pure white. Tail: FuU, somewhat expanded, carried at a moderate ele- vation, and pure white in color. Legs: Thighs, pure white, and of medium length and size: —Shanks, blue or leaden-blue, slender, clean, and neat in ap- pearance. Caeeiage: Graceful and sprightly. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. POINTS tN WHITE HAMBURGS. 99 Symmetry, .... . 15 Condition, .... 10 Head, . . . '. . 15 Comb, ..... 20 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . 10 Neck and Hackle, 5 Back, .... . 5 Breast and Body, 5 Wings 5 Tail, 5 Legs, • . . . . . 6 100 100 THE AMBKICAK BLACK HAMBURGS. DISQUALfFICATIONS. Comb, falling over to either side, or so large as to obstruct the sight; natural absence of spike; red ear-lobes; crooked backs; wry or squirrel tails; legs other color than blue or leaden-blue; white face; red or white feathers in any part of the plumage. THE COCK. Head: Black, short and small: — Beak, dai'k leaden hue, ap- proaching black, and of medium size: — Eyes, rich red. Comb: Rose, rich, deep red, not so large as to overhang th(i eyes or beak, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side, not hollow in tlio centre, uniform on each side, the top covered with small points, and terminating in a spike behind, which inclines upward very slightly. Ear-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, not pendant, but fitting close to the face, of medium size, flat, roimd and even: — Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and well rounded: — Face, free from white. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering, the higher part carried well over the back: — Hackle, full, and flowing well over the shoulders, and a rich, lustrous black. Back and Saddle: Back, rich, lustrous black, and of me- dium length:— Saddle-feathers, abundant, a rich brilliant black, without red or brassy-colored feathers. Breast and Body: Breast, rich, deep black, promment and broad:— Body, round and symmetrical, the plumage close, and a rich, glossy black. STAKDARB OF EXCELLENCE. 101 Wings: Ample, the points curried rather low, the plumage a rich, lustrous black, free from red or brassy-colored feathers. Tail: Full and well expanded, and curried well up, and rich, glossy black: — Sickle-feathers, rich, glossy black, and handsomely curved: — Tail-coverts, abundant, and rich, bril- liant black. Legs: Thighs, rich, deep black, well developed, and of me- dium length: — Shanks, dark leaden-blue or bluish-black, of medium length, slender, clean, and neat in appearance. Carriage: Upright, graceful and active. THE HEN. Head: Bich, deep black, small and neatly shaped: — Beak, dark leaden, approaching black in color, and of medium size: — Eyes, bright red. Comb: Rose, bright red, small when compared with that of the cock, and fitting close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, opaque white, small, flat, rounded on the lower part, fitting close to the face, and not pendant: — Wattles, red, small, thin, and well rounded. Neck and Hackle: Neck, tapering and graceful: — Hackle, a rich, glossy black, and reaching well over the shoulders. Back: Of medium length, and a rich, glossy black. Breast and Bodt: Breast, broad and plump: — ^Body, round, and well shaped, and the general plumage a rich, glossy black. Wings : Ample, and carried close to the body, the primaries and secondaries a deep black, and the wing-coverts a rich, glossy black. Tail: Full, somewhat expanded, and carried at a moderate elevation, and deep black in color. 102 THE AMBRICAl* Legs: Thighs, deep black, and of medium length and size: — Shanks, deep leaden-hlue, or hluish-black in color, of medium length, slender, clean, and neat in appearance. Carriage : Graceful and sprightly. POINTS IN BLACK HAMBURGS. Symmetry, . Condition, Head, Comb, Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck and Hackle, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, 15 10 15 20 10 5 6 5 5 6 5 100 STANDARD Of EXCELLENCE. 103 WHITE LGGHORM. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Comb, falling over to either side, or twisted in cocks, or pricked or duplicate in hens; red ear-lobes; legs other than yel- low; plumage other than white, or with colored feathers in any part thereof; crooked backs; wry tails. THE coch:. Head: Short and deep, color, pure white: — ^Beak, yellow, rather long and stout: — Eyes, full and bright: — Face, red, and free from wrinkles or folds. Comb: Red, of medium size, erect, firmly fixed on the head, single, straight, deeply serrated (having but five or six points- five preferred), extending well over the back of the head, and free from twists, side-sprigs, or excrescences. Bak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, and rather pendant, smooth and tliin, and free from folds or wrinkles:— Wattles, red, long and pendulous. Neck: Long, well arched, the hackle abundant, and fiowing well over the shoulders, — color, pure white. Back: Of medium length and width — color, white, as free as possible from yellowish tinge. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round, and carried well forward: — ^Body, rather broad, but heaviest forward — color, white. Wings: Large, and well folded — color, white. Tail: Large, full, and somewhat expanded, and carried very upright: sickle-feathers, large and well curved; taU-coverts, abundant — color, pure white. 104 THE AMERICAN Legs: Thighs, of medium length and rather slendar; plum- age, white: — Shanks, long, and, in color, bright yellow. Casbiage: Upright and proud. TKE XIEIT. Head: Of medium size; color, white: — Beak, rather long and stout, and, in color, yellow: — Eyes, red, full and bright: — Face, red, and free from wrinkles or folds. Comb: Red, of medium size, single, drooping to one side, evenly serrated, and free from side-sprigs. Eak-lobbs and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, rather pendant, smooth and thin, and free from folds and wrinkles: — Wattles, bright red, thin, and well rounded. Neck: Long and graceful, and pure white in color. Back: Of medium length, full, and, in color, pure white. Bkeast and Body: Breast, full and round, and, in color, pure white: — Body, deep, and broader in front than in the rear, — color, white. Wings : Long, well folded, and clear white. Taii.: Upright, full and long, and, in color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, of medium length, rather slender, and, in color, white: — Shanks, long and slender, and, in color, bright yellow. Cajbeiage: Not so upright as that of the cock. POINTS IN WHITE LEGHOENS. Symmetry, ....... 10 Size, ....... 10 Condition, . . . . . .10 Head, ....... 7 Comb, . . . . . . .15 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . ... 15 StANDARD OF EXCKLtENCB. 105 Neck, . . . . . . .5 Back, ....... 5 Breast and Body, . . . . . .8 Wings, ...... 5 Tail, 5 Legs, ... ... 5 100 BROWN LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS, Comb, twisted, or falling over to either aide, m cocks, or pricked or duplicate in hens; red ear-lobes; crooked backs; wry, tails; legs other than yellow; white, or partially white feathers in cockerels; black, white, or partially white feathers in hens. THE COCK. Head: Short and deep, and, in color, a dark, reddish-bay, shading into a lighter hue on the neck: — ^Beak, yellow, with a dark stripe down the upper mandible: — Eyes, red, full and bright: — Face, bright red, free from wrinkles or folds. Comb : Bright red, of medium size, iirmly fixed on the head, single, straight, deeply serrated (having but five or six points), extending well over the back of the head, and free from twists, side-sprigs or excrescences. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, and rather pendant, smooth and thin, and free from folds or winkles: — Wattles, bright red, long, thin and pendulous. Neck: Long, well arched and well hackled, the hackles be- ing a rich golden-bay, striped with black. 106 THE AMBKICAN Back: Of medium length and width, very dark red, ap- proaching black on the lower part, each feather striped with golden-hay. Breast and Body: Breast, black, full, round, and carried well forward:— Body, rather broad, but heaviest forward, the underpart black. Wings: Large and well folded; bows, dark red, each feather striped with golden -bay; primaries, black, each feather edged with golden-brown; secondaries, black, the outside web broad- ly edged with brown; coverts, a metallic or greenish-black, forming a well defined bar across the wings. Tail: Upright, large and full; sickle-feathers, large and well curved; color, metallic or greenish-black; coverts, rich black, with a greenish reflection. Legs: Thighs, of medium length, and black in color: — Shanks, long, and, in color, bright yeUow: — Feet, yellow, with a delicate dark stripe down each toe, the smaller the better. Carbiage : Upright and proud. THE SEN. Head: Of medium size, dark brown, approaching bay, the feathers shading off to yellow behind the comb, striped with black: — Beak, rather long and stout, in color, yellow, with a dark stripe down the centre: — ^Eyes, red, full and bright: — Face, red, and free from wrinkles or folds. Comb: Red, of medium size, suigle, drooping to one side, evenly serrated, and free from side-sprigs. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, and rather pendant, smooth and thin, an"d free from folds or wrinkles:— Wattles, bright red, thin, and, well rounded. Neck: Long and graceful; color, yellowish-brown, each feather striped with black. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 107 Back: Dark-brown, each feather penciled with a lighter brown. Bkeast and Body: Breast, full and round; In color, a dark salmon-brown, shading off light under the body: — ^Body, deep and plump, and broader in front than in the rear — color, brown. Wings: Large and well folded; primaries, a dull black, the outer edge slightly penciled with light brown; secondaries, a dull black, the outer web finely penciled with light brown; coverts, dark brown, finely penciled with light brown. Tail: Upright, long and full, color, a dull black, unevenly penciled with light brown outside; inside a dull black. Legs: Thighs, slender, and of medium length; in color, ashy-brown:— thanks, long, and bright yellow in color: — Feet, yellow, with a delicate dark stripe down each toe, the smaller the better. Carriage: Kot so upright as that of the cock. POINTS IN BROWN LEGHORNS. Symmetry, .... 10 Size, .... . 10 Condition, .... 10 Head, .... . 7 Comb, ..... 15 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . 15 Neck, ..... 5 Back, .... . 5 Breast and Body, 8 Wmgs, .... . 5 Tail, 5 Legs, .... . 5 100 108 THE AMEBICAN DOnHVIQUE LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Comb, twisted, or falling over to either side, in cocks, or pricked or duplicate in hens; red ear-lobes; crooked hacks; vxry tails; legs other than yellow; reddish or brassy feathers in the hackles or saddles of cocks, or in the necks of hens. THE COCK. Head: Sliort and deep, the plumage a slaty-blue ground- color, penciled across each feather with dark. bars: — Beak, rather long and stout, in color, yellow, and as free as possible from any dark shade: — Eyes, red, full and bright: — Face, red, and free from wrinkles or folds. Comb: Red, of medium size, lirmly fixed on the head, erect, straight, deeply serrated (having but five or six points;, ex- tending well over the back of the head, and free from twists, side-sprigs or excrescences. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, and rather pendant, smooth and thin, and free from folds or wrinkles: — ^Wattles, bright red, long, thin and pendulous. Neck: Long, well arched and well hackled; ground-color, a light slaty-blue, each feather penoUed across with dark bars, and free from white, black, or red feathers. Back: Of medium length and breadth, the plumage a light slaty-blue, in ground color, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars, and free from red or brassy feathers. Bee AST AND Body: Breast, full, round, and carried well for- ward:— Body, rather broad, and heaviest forward; the general plumage a light slaty-blue, in ground color, each feather being distinctly penciled across with dark bars. StANDARD OF EiCELLENOE. 109 Wings: Large, well folded, and, in color of plumage, thesame as described above in the back, and free from red or brassy feathers. Tail: Large, fUU, and carried upright; sickle-feathers, large and well curved: tail-coverts, abundant and nicely curved, and, in color, corresponding with the general plumage of the body, as already described. Legs: Thighs, of medium length and rather slender; the color of plumage a light slaty-blue ground, each feather being penciled across with dark bars: — Shanks, long, and somewhat slender, and, in color, bright yellow. Cabbiage: Upright and proud. THE II.EN. Head : Of medium size, the ground color of the plumage a light slaty-blue, and each feather penciled across with distinct dark bars:— Beak, yellow in color, and rather long and stout:— Eyes, red, full and bright:— Face, bright red, and free from wrinldes or folds. Comb: Bright red, of medium size, single, drooping to one side, evenly serrated, and free from side sprigs. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, rather pendant, smooth, thin, fitting close to the head, and free from folds or wrinkles:— Wattles, bright red, thin, and well rounded. IfEOK: Long and graceful, liglit slaty-blue, in ground color, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars, and fi-ee from white, brassy, or red feathers. Back: Of medium length and fuU, the plumage a light slaty- talue, in ground color, each feather distinctly penciled across Nvith dark bars, and free from red, white, or brassy feathers. Bbeast and Body: Breast, fuU and round, and the plumage. 110 THE AMBKICAK in ground color, a light slaty-blue, each feather distinctly pen- ciled across with dark bars: — Body, plump and deep, and broader in front than in the rear, — color, a light slaty-blue throughout, each feather being distinctly penciled across with dark bars. Wings: Large and well folded, the color of the plumage a light slaty-blue, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars. Tail: Upright, large and full, the main feathers and sur- rounding plumage a light slaty-blue in color, each feather dis- tinctly penciled across with dark bars. Legs: Thighs, rather long and slender, the plumage being a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with dark bars: — Shanks, rather long and slender, and bright yellow in color. Carriage : If ot as upright as that of the cock. POINTS IN DOMINIQUE LEGHORNS. Symmetry, . Size, Condition, . Head, Comb, Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, . Wings, . Tail, Legs, ■ . 10 10 10 7 15 15 5 5 8 5 6 5 100 StANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. Ill BLACK LEGHORNS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Comb, twisted, or falling over to either side in cocks, or pricked or duplicate in hens; red ear-lobes; crooked backs; wry tails; white or red feathers in any part of the plumage. THE COCK. Head: Short and deep, and pure black in color: — Beak, yel- lowish horn-color, or yellow shaded with black, and rather long and stout: — ^Eyes, red, full and bright:— Face, bright red, and free from folds or wrinkles. Comb: Bright red, of medium size, erect, firmly fixed on the head, single, straight, deeply serrated (having but five or six points), extending well over the back of the head, and free from twists, side-sprigs, or excrescences. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, rather pendant, smooth and thin, and free from folds or wrinkles : — Wattles, bright red, long, thin and pendulous. Neck: Long, well arched, and well hackled, the color of the plumage a ricli, glossy black. Back: Of medium length and breadth, and, in color, a rich deep black. Breast and Body: — ^Breast, full, round, carried well for- ward, and, in plumage, a rich, deep black: — ^Body somewhat broad, but heaviest forward, — ^the general color of the plum age a deep, rich black, free from red or brassy feathers. Wings: Large and well folded, the plumage a deep, rich black, free from red or brassy feathers. Tail: Upright, large, and somewhat expanded, the main 112 tHfi AUtiBlCAS feathers a deep black; the sickle-feathers large and weU curved, and a rich, glossy black, — ^tail-coverts, abundant, well curved, and rich, glossy black in color. Legs: Thighs, rather slender, of medium length, and, in color of plumage, a deep black: — Shanks, long, rather slender, and yellowish-black, or nearly black, in front. Careiagb: Upright and proud. TS.E SEN. Head: Of medium size, the plumage deep black: — Beak, rather long and stout, and yellowish horn-color, or yellow shaded with black: — Eyes, red, full and bright: — Face, red, and free from folds or wrinkles. Comb: Red, of medium size, single, drooping to one side, evenly serrated, and free from side-sprigs. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white or creamy- white, fitting close to the head, and rather pendant, smooth and thin, and free from folds or wrinkles. Neck: Long and graceful; color of plumage, a rich, deep black. Back: Of medium length and breadth; color, rich, glossy black. Beeast and Body: Breast, full and round, and deep black in color: — ^Body, deep, broader in front than in the rear, and the plumage throughout a pure, deep black. Wings: Large and well folded; color, deep black. Tail: Upright, long and full; color, deep black. Legs: Thighs, of medium length and slender, and color of plumage deep black: — Shanks, long and slender, and, in color, yeUowish-blaek, or nearly black, in front. Carriage: Not as upright as that of the cock. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 113 Symmetry, .... 10 Size. .... . 10 Condition, .... 10 Head, .... . 7 Comb, ..... 15 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . 15 Neck, 5 Back, .... 5 Breast and Body, 8 Wings, .... . 5 Tail, 5 Legs, . . . • . 5 100 114 THE AMERICAN BLACK SPANISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Clear red marks in the face or above the eyes; the comb of the cock drooping or twisted; legs other than blue, or dark leaden^- blue; face so puffy as to obstruct the sight; wry tails, or other TUB COCiS. Head and Face: Head, long,' broad and deep, and the plumage a rich, glossy black: — ^Beak, rather long and stout, and of a dark horn-color: — ^Eyes, red, full and bright: — Face, pure opaque-white, long and deep, the greater the depth of white surface the better, provided it is smooth, free from wrinkles, and the sight is not obstructed, rising well over the eyes, towards the comb, in an arched form, extending towards the back of the head and to the base of the beak, covering the cheeks, and joining the ear-lobes and wattles. Comb: Bright red, large, single, firmly set on the head, stiff, erect, straight, free from twists in front, or falling over to either side at the back, deeply and evenly serrated, and rising ftom the beak, betwixt the forepart of the nostrils, and extending in an arched form over the back of the head, free from excres- cences or side-sprigs, aud not too thick at the edge. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Bar-lobes, pure opaque white, very large and pendant, rather thin, smooth, well expanded, and free from folds or wrinkles; extending well on each side of the neck, hanging down very low, not pointed, but regularly rounded on the lower part, and meeting in front, behind the wattles:— "Wattles, bright red, "very long, thin, ribbou-like and pendulous, the inside of the upper part white. S-TAtiTDAKD OP EXCELLENCE. LIS Neck: Long and gracefully arched, the hackle abundant, and reaching well over the shoulders, and rich, glossy hlack in color. Back: Slanting evenly to the tail, and, in color, a rich, lus- trous black. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent — color, deep black: — Body, of medium width in front, and nar- rowing to the taE; the general plumage a rich, brilliant black. Wings: Large, well and smoothly folded against the body: the primaries and secondaries a deep black, and the wing- coverts a rich, lustrous black. Tail: Large, expanded, and rather upright, but not carried over the back, or squirrel-tailed, and deep, rich black in color; — sickle-feathers, large and gracefully curved, — rich, metallic- black in color; — ^tail-coverts, abundant, nicely cui-ved, and a brilliant glossy black in color. Legs: Thighs, rather long and slender, and the plumage a rich, deep black: — Shanks, long and slender, color, blue or dark leaden-blue. Caekiage: — Upright and proud. . THE HEN. Head and Face: Head, long, the plumage a rich, deep black: — ^Beak, long and stout, and dark horn-color: — Eyes, full and bright: — Face, pure opaque white, smooth, and free from wrinkles, with great breadth of surface, rising well over the eyes in an arched form, extending well towards the back of the head and to the beak, covering the cheek, and joining the ear- lobes and wattles. Comb: Bright red, large, single, serrated, drooping over to one side of the face, and free from side-sprigs, or duplicature. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, pure opaque white, 118 THE AliEKlCAN large, pendant, smooth, well expanded, free from wrinkles, and regularly rounded on the lower edges: — Wattles, bright red, small, and well rounded. Neck: Long and graceful; color, rich, glossy black. Back: Slantmg evenly to the tail, the plumage a lustrous black in color. Bbbast and Body: Breast, deep, full and prominent, and, in color, rich, deep black: — ^Body, rather long and deep, and the general plumage a rich, glossy black. Wings: Ample, carried close to the body; the primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts being a rich, deep black. Tail: Large, carried rather upright, but not over the back, the two upper main tail-feathers being slightly curved, espe- cially in pullets; — color, rich, deep black. Legs: Thighs, rather long and slender; the plumage a rich, deep black: — Shanks, long and slender, and, in color, blue or dark leaden-blue. Caeriage : Not so upright as that of the cock. POINTS IN BLACK Symmetry, Size, Condition, Head and Face, Comb, Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, . Wings, Tail, Legs, SPANISH. 10 8 8 20 13 10 5 5 6 5 5 5 100 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 117 ANDALUSIAN8. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; comb of cock twisted, or falling over to either side; ear-lobes other than white; legs other than blue or slaty-blue; crooked backs; wry tails; white feathers in any part of the plumage; duplicate or pricked combs in hens; comb other than single. THE COCK. Head: Rather long and tapering, with T)vit little red above the eyes, and, in plumage, a bluish-black: — ^Beak, somewhat long and stout, and slaty-blue in color: — -Eyes, bright red. Comb: Bright red, rather large, erect, firm upon the head, straight, and evenly serrated. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, of medium size, and pure white: — Wattles, bright red, large, pendant, and propor- tioned in size to the comb. Neck: Long, and well arched, with a rather short, slate- colored or black hackle, having a rich gloss, and descending slightly over the shoulders. Back: Bather short, and descending towards the tail, the saddle-feathers,, and general plumage, a rich, glossy, slaty-blue, approaching black. Breast and Body: Breast, full and well rounded ; plumage, bluish-gray or dove-color: — ^Body, rather full at the shoulder.s, and tapering to the tail ; the general plumage a slaty-blue. Wings: Large, and well folded against the body; primaries and secondaries a bluish-gray, and wing-coverts a slaty-bl ue, approaching black. 118 THE AMERICAN Tail: Large, somewhat expanded and upright, the sickle- feathers and tail-coverts well arched, and bluish-gray in color IiEGS: Thighs, long and of medium size; plumage, bluisli- gray or slaty-blue:— ShanliS, long and rather slender, and slaty- blue ni color. Color of Plumage: Banging from a bluish-gi-ay to slaty- blue, a lacing of a darker color, or even black, on each feather, being rather move desirable than objectionable. Cakkiage: Upright and proud. TJS.E SSN. Head: Rathei long and tapering, and, in plumage, slaty- blue: — Beak, rather long and stout, and slaty-blue in color: — Eyes, red and bright. Comb: Bright red, large, drooping' over to one side, soft and delicate in texture, and neatly serrated. Eae-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, white: — Wattles, red, and small in comparison with those of the cock. Neck: Relatively shorter than that of the cock, and a lighter shade of color. Back: Comparatively short, somewhat flat across the should- ers, and slaty-blue in color. Breast and Body: Breast, plump and full, and, in color of plumage, slaty-blue — ^Body, fuU at the shoulders, and taper- ing towards the tail, the general plumage being sliity-bliie or bluish-gray in color. Wings: Large, and well folded against the sides; primaries, secondaries and wing-coverfcs, bluish-gray or slaty-gray in color. Tail: Long, and carried less upright than that of the cock,— color, slaty-blue. Legs: Thighs, rather long and slender; plumage, slaty-blue: —Shanks, long and slender, and slaty-blue in color. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 119 COLOK OF Plumage: Like that of the cock, except that about the back and neok-haokle the shadings are lighter and softer. Caeriage: Less upright than that of the cock. POINTS IN ANDALUSIANS. Symmetry, Size, . Condition, Head, Comb, Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, I^egs, 10 10 10 7 15 15 5 5 8 5 5 5 100 120 THE AMERICAN WHITE DORKINGS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Absence of fifth toe; colored feathers in any part of iheplum- age; legs other than white or flesh color; yellow tinge in plum- age of adult cocks objectionable, but net a disqualification; crooked backs; wry tails. TXXE COCK. Head: Rather large and clear, pure white in color:— Beak, stout, and nicely curved: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Rose, bright red, square in 'front, fitting close and firm upon the head, without inclining to either side, the top comparatively flat, and evenly covered over with small iiohits, and terminating in a large spili;e behind, which curves very slightly upwards. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, and of medium size: — Wattles, bright red, large, pendant, and well rounded. Neck: Large, well curved, and of medium length; the hackle full, pure white in color, and flowing well over the shoiilders. Back: Broad and long, the saddle-feathers abundant, and the entire plumage pure white. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, deep and full, and pure white in color: — ^Body, deep, broad and long, the plumage a clear, pure white. Wings: Large, and snugly folded against the sides; the primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts being a clear, pure white. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 121 Tail: Large, full, and somewhat expanded, and carried at a moderate elevation; sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, pure white, and handsomely curved. Legs: Thighs, large, and of medium length; color, white: — Shanlcs, stout, of medium length, and white, or light flesh-color: — Toes, five in number, the fifth toe being distinct from the others, and curving slightly upwards. Carriage: — Elegant and stately. TKE KEKT. Head: Of medium size, and neat in sliape, — color, white:— Beak, stout, of medium length, nicely curved, and white, or flesh-color:— Eyes, bright and full. Comb: Briglit red, rose, square in front, straight and firm upon tlie liead, the top comparatively flat, and evenly covered over with small points, and terminating in a spike behind, which curves very slightly upwards. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red, and of medium size: — Wattles, bright red, rather broad, and well rounded on the lower edges. Neck: Large, well cm-ved, and of medium length, — color, white. Back: Broad and long, and plumage pure white. Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full, and pure white in color: — Body, deep, broad and long, tlie plumage, throughout, a clear, pure white. Wings: Large, and well folded against the sides, the pri- maries, secondaries and vring-coverts, pure wliite. Tail: Large, .the main feathers broad, and carried at a moderate elevation, — color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, stout, of medium length, and plumage white: 122 THE AMERICAK —Shanks, stout, of medium length, and white, or light flesh- color: — Toes, five in number, the fifth toe being distinct from the others, and curving slightly upwards. Carriage : Stately and imposing. POINTS IN WHITE DORKINGS, Symmetry, Size, Condition, Head, Comb, Ear-lobes and "Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, 15 15 10 5 10 S 5 6 9 5 5 10 100 STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 123 SILVER-GRAY DORKINGS, DISQUALIFICATIONS. Absence of fifth toe; crooked backs; wry tails; breast of cock mottled, or splashed with white; legs other than white or flesh- color; combs not matching in the show-pen, when exhibited in pairs or trios. THE COCK. Head: Rather large, and silvery-white in color: — Beak, stout, and nicely curved, and white, or flesh-colored: — Eyes, red, full and bright. Comb: Bright re'd, and single, or rose; if single, it should be large, upright, and evenly serrated, and free from excres- cences; if rose, it should be square in front, fitting close upon the head, without iuclination to either side, the top compara- tively flat and even, and covered over with small points, and terminating in a single spike behind. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, of medium size: — Wattles, bright red, large, pendant, and well rounded. Neck: Large, of medium length, and well curved; the hackle of medium length, in color, silvery-white, striped with black, and descending well over the shoulders. Back: Broad and long, and, in plumage, silvery-white; the under-feathering of the shoulders black, covered by the silveiy- white plumage of the neck. Breast and Bodt: Breast, broad, deep and full, and, in color, a rich, glossy black:— Body, deep, broad and long, the under-plumage, black. Wings: Large, and snugly folded against the sides; the primaries white on the outside web, and black on the inside 124 THE AMERICAN web; the secondaries white on tlie outside web, and black on the Inside web; wing-bows, silvery-white; wing-coverts, a metallic or greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wings, and free from chestnut patches. Tail: Large, full, and a rich, deep black in color, and car- ried at a moderate elevation; sickle-feathers a rich metallic or greenish-black; tail-coverts, a rich glossy black, the lesser coverts having an edging of white. Legs: Thighs, stout, and of medium length, and black in color: — Shanks, of medium length and stout, and white or flesh-color: — Toes, five in number, the fifth toe being distinct from the others, and curving slightly upwards. Cakriage: Very bold and dignified. THE HEN, Head: Of medium size, neat in shape, and, in color of plumage, silvery-white, or ashy-gray: — Beak, rather short, stout, and nicely curved, and light flesh-color or white: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Bright red, and single, or rose; if single, to be well developed, and to fall over to one side, with smooth and even serrations; if rose, to be square in front, straight and flrm upon the head, with small points on the top, and terminating in a spike behind, which inclines slightly upwards. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red, and of medium size:— Wattles, bright red, rather broad, and well rounded on the lower edges. Xeck: Large, and of medium length, color, silvery- white. Back: Broad and long, and," in plumage, a silvery or slaty- gray, free from dark bars or marks across the feathers. Breast and Body: Breast deep and full, and salmon-red in color, shading ofi' to gray towards the sides:— Body, deep, broad and long, and, in color, silvery or slaty-gi-ay, free from STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 125 dark bars or marks across the plumage, and the shafts of the feathers white; underijart of the body, gray. "Wings: Large, and well folded against the sides: primaries, dark brown; secondaries, outside web slaty-gray, inside web dark brown; wing-bows, silvery-gray, with wliite shafts to the feathers; wing-coverts, slaty-gray, — red on the wings highly objectionable. Tail: Large, the main feathers broad, dark gray on the outside, dark brown on the inside, and carried at a moderate elevation. Legs: Thighs, large, of medium length, and ashy-gray in color: — Shanks, stout, of medium length, and white or light (lesh-color: — Toes, five in number, the fifth toe being distinct fi-om the others, and curving sliglitly upwards. Carriage: Elegant and imposing. Symmetry, .... 15 Size, .... . 15 Condition, .... 10 Head, .... . 5 Comb, ..... 10 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . 5 Neck, ..... 5 Back, .... . 6 Breast and Body, 9 Wings, .... . 5 Tail, 5 Legs, .... . 10 100 126 THE AMEBIC AN COLORED DORKINGS. DISQUALFFICATIONS. Absence of fifth toe; crooked hacks; wry tails; birds not matching in the show-pen. Inasmuch as Colored Dorkings are of diverse colors or shad- ings, any of which are recognized, no extended or critical des- cription of the colors of these wiU be attempted. It will be sufficient to say that the general characteristics of Colored and Silver-Gray Dorkings are the same; the chief, if i.ot the only difference between them, being in the color of their plumage. The numerical value of the "points" of Colored and other Dorkings is the same: — when, therefore, Colored birds are shown, the first pre-requisite will be that they match in the color of their plumage and other points. STAKDARD OF EXCELLENCJS. 127 AMERICAN D0IHINI(IUE8. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Feathered legs, or legs any other color than yellow; combs, other than double or rose; ear-lobes, other than red; splashes of white in breasts or backs; birds not matching in the show-pen; reddish or brassy feathers in the plumage of cocks or hens; crooked backs; wry or squirrel tails in cocks or hens; beak, other than yellow highly objectionable, but not a disqualification. THE COCK. Head: Of medium size, aud carried well up; in plumage, slaty-blue, aud penciled across with delicate dark bars: — ^Beak, bright yellow, short, stout at the base, and nicely curved at the point: — Eyes, large, bright and clear. Comb: Bright red, double or rose, but not so large as to overhaug the eyes or beak, square in front, iittiug close and straight on the head, without inclining to either side; free from hollow in the centre, and uniform on each side, the top covered with small points, with a spike behind, the point turning slightly upwards. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, bright red, broad, fuU, and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, red, and of medium size. Neck: Of medium length, tapering finely, aud well hackled; the ground-color of the hackle a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue, and free from any admixture of white, black or red feathers. Back: Broad,- and of medium length, the plumage a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. 128 THE AMEEICAN Breast and Body: Breast, broad, deep, and full:— Body, large, square aud compact, the plumage, throughout, a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. WiNtts: Of medium size, and snugly folded against the sides, the bows and points well covered by the breast and saddle- feathers: primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts, a light slaty- blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Tail: Full, and slightly expanded: sickle-feathers, of medium height and length, and well curved: — color of plum- age, a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Legs: Thighs, large and strong, and, in color of plumage, a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue: — Shanks, stout, well apart, and of medium length, and bright yellow in color. Caekiage: Upright and pleasing. THE HEN. Head: Small aud neat, — color of plumage, a light slaty- blue, each feather delicately penciled across with bars of a darker blue: — ^Beak, short, stout, and well curved, and bright yellow in color. Comb: Bright red, double or rose, square in front, and fitting close and straight on the head, without Inclining to either side, the top covered with small points, with a spike behind, the point turning slightly upwards. Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, bright red, small, and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, bright red, and of medium size. Neck: Short and tapering, the color of the hackle a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 12n Back: Broad, and of medium leiigtli, the color of the plum- age, a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across witli bars of a darker blue. Breast and Body: Breast, round and full, and light slaty- blue in color, each feather penciled across with bars of darker blue: — Body, large, square and compact, the general color of the plumage being a light slaty-blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Wings: Of medium size, and carried snugly against the sides; primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts of a light slaty- blue color, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Tail : Full, slightly expanded, and carried at a moderate ele- vation, — color of plumage, light slaty-blue, penciled across each feather with bars of a darker blue. Legs: Thighs, large and strong, and, in color of plumage, a light slaty blue, each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue: — Shanks, stout, well apart, of medium length, and briglit yellow in color. Carriage: Upright and pleasing. POINTS IN DOMINIQUES. Symmetry, ..... 12 Size and Weight, ..... . 10 Condition, ..... 8 Head, ...... . Comb, ...... 15 Wattles and Ear-lobes, .... 5 Neck, ...... 8 Back, ...... . 7 Breast and Body, .... 10 Wings, ...... . 7 Tail, 7 Legs, ... . . . 5 100 Compai'isons, in Size and Weight, 2 points to the pound. 130 THE AMERICAN PLYMOUTH ROCKS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; feathered legs, or legs other color than yellow; ear-lobes other than red; lopped combs; crooked backs; wry tails; splashes of white in the breasts or backs, or reddish or brassy feathers in the hackles or saddles of cocks, or in the necks of hens. a THE COCE:. right. S Comb: Bright red, single, fine, rather small, perfectly up- right and straight, with well defined serrations, and free from side-sprigs. "Wattles and Bar-lobes: Wattles, bright red, of medium size, and well rounded: — Ear-lobes, bright red, and of medium size. Neck: Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle, which descends nicely upon the shoulders, — color of plumage, a bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark blue bars, free from splashes of red, white or black feathers. Back: Broad, and of medium length, with saddle-feathers abundant, and free from brassy or reddish feathers, — color of plumage, bluish-gray, each featlier distinctly penciled across with bars of darker blue. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 131 Breast and Body: Breast, broad, deep and full, the plum- age bluish-gray, the feathers penciled across with lighter bars than on the neck-hackle, and running nearly straight across tlie feathers : — ^Body, large, square and compact, the plumage a bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with bars of a deeper blue. Wings: Of medium size, and well folded against the sides; wing-bows and points, well covered by the breast and saddle- feathers; the color of the plumage, bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with bars of darker blue. Tail: Comparatively small, with rather short feathers, car- ried somewhat upright; sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, rel- atively short, and well curved, — color of plumage, bluish-gray each feather penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Legs: Thighs, large and strong, and well covered with iluffy feathers, bluish-gray in color, and penciled across with bars of deeper blue: — Shanks, of medium length, stout, bony, well apart, and bright yellow in color. Carriage : Upright and pleasing. THE SEN. Head: Of medium size, and carried well up; plumage, bluish-gray, each feather delicately but distinctly penciled across with dark bars: — Beak, bright yellow, short, stout, and nicely curved: — Eyes, large, clear and bright. Comb: Bright red, single, small, low, erect, perfectly straight, with small serrations, and free from side-sprigs. "Wattles and Ear-lobes: Wattles, bright red, and well rounded: — ^Ear-lobes, bright red, and of medium size. Neck: Short, and tapering nicely, — color of plumage, bluish- gray, nicely penciled across with dark blue bars, and free from splashes of red, white or black feathers. 132 THE AMERICAN Back: Broad, and of medium length, — color of plumage, Dluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full, and deep, — color ot plumage, bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars:— Body, large, square, and compact, the plum- age throughout a bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with bars of a darker blue. Wings: Of medium size, and snugly folded against the sides; primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts, bluish-gray in color, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars, and free from reddish or brassy feathers. Tail: Small, comparatively upright, and rather pointed, — color of plumage, bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars. Legs: Thighs, large and strong, and well covered with fluffy feathers; in color, bluish-gray, each feather distinctly penciled across with dark bars: — Shanks, of medium length, stout, and well apart, and bright yellow in color. Carriage : Upright and pleasing. Symmetry, .... . 12 Size and Weight, 14 Condition, .... . 9 Head, ..... 7 Comb, .... . 8 Wattles and Ear-lob«s, 6 Neck, .... . 8 Station, ..... 6 Breast and Bodj', . . 10 Wings, ..... 6 Tail, .... . 6 Legs, ... 8 100 ' niiip.iH-:!!!]-;. in ize and Weight. 2 poiiits ro the poiiuil. STANDARD OF EXCELLENOE. 133 WHITE-CRESTED BLACK POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Urookea backs; wry tails; white feathers in any part of the plumage, except the crest; legs other than dark leaden-blue, or black; which, however, may grovi lighter in color with age. THE COCK. Head: Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull, which, however, is concealed by the crest:— Beak, black or dark horn-color, and rather long; nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the ordinary curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Ckest: Very large, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle, and white in color, with a nar- row band of black base-feathers in front, the fewer the better; — the crest should rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest; the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, pure opaque white: — AVattles, bright red, thin, pendulous, and well rounded on the lower part. Neck- Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well liackled, the hackles descending well down upon tlie shoiilJo'-s, and deep, glossy black, in color. l-i-l 'fHE AlrfERICAN Back: Perfectly straight, wide across the shoulders and ^aperingto the tail; saddle-feathers, abuQdant, and the plum- age a rich, glossy black. Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full, round and prominent — color, rich, deep black: — ^Body, general appearance, light, comparatively wide at the shoulders and tapering to the tail; the plumage, throughout, a rich, clear black. Wings: Ample, and folded snugly against the sides; pri- maries, secondaries and wing-coverts, clear, rich black. Tail: Large, well expanded, and rather erect — sickle-feath- ers and taU-coverts, abundant, well curved, and a rich, metal- lic black, in color. Legs: Thighs, short, and of medium size; color of plumage, deep black: — Shanks, short and slender, and, In color, black or dark horn-color. Cakkiage: Erect and strutting. THE HEIT. Head : Round, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest: — ^Beak, black or dark horn-color, and rather long; nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest : Very large, round and even upon the head, and, in color, pure white, with a narrow band of blacl^ base-feathers in front; the fewer the better. Comb: In shape the same as that of the cook, but the small- er the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even on the surface, and rounded on the lower edges: — Wattles, brilliant red, small, thin, and neatly rounded. Neck: — Long and tapering, the hackle a rich, glossy black. Back: Straight, broadest at the shoulders and tapering to the tail; the plumage a rich, glossy black. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 136 Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent, and clear, rich black in color: — Body, comparatively small, but plump, widest at the shoulders and tapering to the tall — the plumage, throughout, a deep, pure black. Wings: Ample, and snugly folded against the sides; pri- maries, secondaries and wing-coverts, deep, rich black ui color. Tail: Large, broad, and expanded at the end — color, deep, rich black. Legs: Thighs, short, and of medium size — plumage, rich black in color: — Shanks, short and slender, and, in color, dark slate, approaching a black. Carriage : Rather upright and coquettish. POINTS in white-crested black polish. Symmetry, .... . 10 Size and Weight, 8 Condition, . 5 Head, ..... 4 Crest, .... . 25 Comb, ..... 10 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . 8 Neck, 5 Back, .... 5 Breast and Body, 5 Wings, .... . 5 Tail, 5 Legs, .... . 5 100 136 THE AMERICAK GOLDEN POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Crooked hacks; wry tails; legs any other color than blue, which may, however, he lighter in color from age. THE COCK. Head : Lai-ge, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull, which is concealed by the crest:— Beak, dark horn- color, and rather long, — nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest: Very large, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle, and, in color, golden-bay, laced with black, — ^in adult birds white feathers may appear, — the crest should rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest; the smaller the better. Eak-lobes and Wattles: white, small, even on the sur- face and well rounded: — Wattles, bright red, thin and pendu- lous, and well rounded on the lower part. Neck : Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well hackled — the hackle, golden-bay in color, the end of each feather laced with black. Back: Straight, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to STANDARD OF EXCELLUNCE. 137 tlie tail; the plumage, in color, a rich, golden-bay, spangled or laced with black, the texture of the feather giving the spangle a rayed appeai'ance. Bkeast and Body: Breast, deep, full, round and promi- nent, a clear golden-bay in color, free fi-om mossing, each feather ending with a round, rich, black spangle or lacing, the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feather: — Body, general appearance light, comparatively wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — color of plumage, golden-bay, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and folded smoothly against the sides: pri- maries, bay, ending with black spots; secondaries, golden-bay, with distinct crescent-shaped greenish-blacic spots on the end of each feather; wing-coverts, golden-bay, each feather laced on the edge with black, and ending with a large black spangle, or lacing, forming two distinct black bars across tlie wings. Tail: Large, rather erect and well expanded, and, in color, a rich golden-bay, each featSer ending with a rich black spot; sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, rich golden-bay, each feather ending with a rich, black spot. Legs: Thighs, rather long and of medium size, and, in color, bay, spangled or laced with black: — Shanks, long and slender, and blue or slaty-blue in color. Caekiage : Erect and strutting. THE HEJSr. Head: Bound, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest — Beak, dark horn-color, rather long; nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest: Very large, round, close, firm and even upon the head, and, in color, golden-bay, each feather laced with black; — in adult birds white feathers may appear. 138 THE AMERICAN Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V hi shape, and the smaller the better. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, wlilte, small, and even on the surface: — Wattles, bright red, small, thin, and well rounded. Neck: Long and tapering, the hackle, golden-bay, laced with black. Back : Straight, and tapering to the tail, the plumage golden- bay, each feather ending with a distinct, round, black spangle, or lacing. Breast and Body: Breast, full and prominent — color of plumage, a clear golden-bay, free from mossing, each feather ending with a distinct, round, rich, black spangle, or lacing, tlie spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the in- crease in the size of the feather: — ^Body, comparatively small, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail — color of plumage, golden-bay, each feather spangled or. laced with black. Wings: Ample, and snugly foTded against the sides: pri- maries, bay, each feather ending in a black spangle or lac- ing; secondaries, golden-bay, each feather ending in a crescent- shaped black lacing; wing-bows, golden-bay, each feather ending with a crescent-shaped black spangle or lacing; wing- coverts, golden-bay, each feather edged with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two distinct bars across the wings. Tail: Large and somewhat expanded, — ^in color, bay, each feather ending in a large black spangle or lacing. Legs: Thighs, rather long, and of medium size — ^in color, bay, each feather spangled or laced with black: — Shanks, rather long, slender, clean and neat, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Carriage: Bather upright and coquettish. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 139 POINTS IN GOLDEN POLISH. Symmetry, . Size and Weight, Condition, Head, Crest, Comb, Ear-lobes and "Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, 10 8 5 4 25 10 8 6 6 5 5 5 100 140 THE AMERICAN SILVER POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Crooked hacks; wry tails; legs any other color than blue, which may, however, be lighter in color from age. THE COCK. Head : Large, with a couslderable protuberance on the top of the skull, which is concealed by the crest: — Beak, dark horn-color, and rather long, — nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest: Very large, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle, and, in color, silvery-white, laced with black, — in adult birds, white feathers may appear; — the crest should rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass. Comb- Brilliant red, like the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest; the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even on the surface, and well rounded:— Wattles, bright red, thin, and pendulous, and w^ell rounded on the lower part. Neck: Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well hackled, — the hackle silvery-white in color, and the ends of each feather laced vnth black. Back: Straight, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 141 the tail, — the plumage a rich silvery-white in color, spangled or laced with black, the texture of the feather giving the spangle a rayed appearance. Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full, round and promi- nent; a clear silvery-white in color, free from mossing, each feather ending with a round, rich, black spangle or lacing, the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the inci'ease in the size of tlie feather: — Body, general appearance, light, comparatively wide across the shouldei's, and tapering to the tail, — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and folded smoothly against the sides; primaries, silvery-white, ending with black spots; secondaries, silvery-white, with distinct, crescent-shaped greenish-black spots on the end of each feather; wing-coverts, silvery white, each feather laced on the edge with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two distinct black bars across the wings. Tail: Large, rather erect and well expanded, and, in color, silvery- white each featlier ending with a rich black spot;— sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, abundant, silvery-white, and each feather ending with a rich black sijot. Legs: Thighs, rather long, of medium size, and, in color, silvery- white, each feather spangled or laced with black:— Shanks, long and slender, and blue or slaty-blue in color. Carriage: Erect and strutting. THE HEN. Head: Bound, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest: — Beak, dark horn-color, nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual cui've-line of tlie beak- — Eyes, large, full and bright. 142 THE AMERICAN Crest: Very large, round, close, firm, and even upon the head, and sUvery-white in color, each feather laced with black; — in adult birds, white feathers may appear. Comb: Brilliant red, two-homed, like the letter V in shape, and the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small and even on the surface: — ^Wattles, bright red, small, thin, and well rounded. Neck: Long and tapering, the hackle silvery-white, laced with black. Back: Straight, and tapering to the tail, the plumage, sil- very-white, each feather ending with a distinct black spangle or lacing. Breast and Body: Breast, full, roimd and prominent, — color of plumage, a clear silvery-white, free from mossing, each feather ending with a distinct, round, rich, black spangle or lacing, the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feather: — ^Body, comparatively small, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and snugly folded against the sides; pri- maries, silvery-white, each feather ending in a black spangle or lacing; secondaries, silvery-white, each feather ending in a crescent-shaped black lacing; wing-bows, silvery-white, each feather ending with a crescent-shaped black spangle or lacing; wing-coverts, sUvery-white, each feather edged with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two dis- tinct bars across the wings. Tail: Large, and somewhat expanded, — ^in color, silvery- white, each feather ending in a large black spangle or lacing. Legs: Thighs, rather long and of medium size, — ^in color, silvery-white, each feather spangled or laced with black: — Shanks, rather long, slender, clean and neat, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Carriage: Kather upright and coquettish. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 143 POINTS IN SILVER POLISH. Syitimetry, . ... . 10 Size and Weight, 8 Condition, . 5 Head 4 Crest, .... 25 Comb, ..... 10 Ear-lobes and Wattles, . 8 Neck, 5 Back, .... . 5 Breast and Body, 5 Wings . 5 Tail, 5 Legs, .... . 5 100 144 THE AMEEICAH WHITE POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Color other than pure white, except as it may he slightly tinged with golden-yellow hy age; crooked backs; wry tails; legs any other color than blue, which, however, may be lighter in tint through age. THE COCK. Head: Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull, which is concealed by tlie crest, — plumage, white: — Beak, horn-color; nostrils, large, the crown of which is ele- vated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Ceest: Very largo, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of fe.athers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle, — it shoidd rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass, — color, white. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest; the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even on the surface, and well rounded: — Wattles, bright red, thin, and pendulous. Keck: Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well hackled, — hackles, pure white in color. Back: Perfectly straight, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — plumage, throughout, a clear, pure white, as free from yellowish tinge as possible. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 145 Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full, round and prominent, —color, white: — ^Body, general appearance light, comparatively wide at the slioulders, and tapering to the tail,— color of plum- age, throughout, a clear, pure white. Wings: Ample, and folded smoothly against the sides; primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts, all pure white. Tail : Large, well expanded, rather erect, and well supplied with large and well curved sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, — color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, rather long and slender, — plumage, white: — Shanks, rather long and slender, and, in color, hlue or slaty- blue. Carriage: Erect and strutting. THE HEN. Head : Bound, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest: — Beak, rather long, and horu-color; nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the ordinary curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest: Very large, round, and straight on the head, and the surface close, firm, and even, — plumage, white. Comb : Brilliant red, two-horned, lilve the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest, the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even on the surface, and well rounded: — Wattles, bright red, small, thin, and well rounded. Neck: Long and tapering, — the hackle of medium length and close, and pure white in color Back: Straight, and tapering to the tail, — plumage, white. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round, and prominent, — 146 THE AMERICAN color, white: — ^Body. comparatively small, wide aci-oss the shoulders, and tapering to the tail,— plumage, throughout, a clear, pure white. Wings: Ample, and smoothly folded.agalnst the sides; pri- maries, secondaries, and wing-coverts, pure white in color. Tail: Large, and well expanded, — color, white. Legs: Thighs, rather long and of medium size, — plumage, white: — Shanks, rather long, and slender, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Cabriage: — ^Eather upright and coquettish. POINTS in white polish. Sjrmmetry, .... . 10 Size and Weight, 8 Condition, .... . 5 Head, ..... 4 Crest, .... . 25 Comb, ..... 10 Bar-lobes and Wattles, . 8 Neck, ..... 5 Back, .... . 5 Breast and Body, 5 Wings, .... . 5 Tail, 5 Legs, .... 5 100 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 147 BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Crooked backs; wry tails; legs any other color than blue, which may, however, be lighter in color from age. THE COCK. Head: Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull, which is concealed by the crest: — ^Beak, dark horn- color, and rather long, — nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest: Very large, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle, and, in color, golden-bay, laced with black, — in adult birds white feathers may appear;— the crest should rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass. Beard : Thick and full, running back of the eye in a hand- ' some curve, and, in color of plumage, golden-bay, each feather distinctly laced with black. Comb: Brillant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest ; the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even oi the surface, and well rounded: — Wattles, nearly imperceptible. Neck: Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well hackled — the hackle, golden-bay in color, the end of each feather laced with black. 148 THE AMEKICAN Back: Straight, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail; the plumage. In color, a rich golden-bay, spangled or laced with black, the texture of the feather giving the spangle a rayed appearance. Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full, round and promi- nent, a clear golden-bay in color, free from mossing, each feather ending in a round, rich, black spangle or lacing; the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feather:— Body, general appearance light, comparatively wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — ^the plumage, golden-bay in color, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and folded smoothly against the sides: pri- maries, bay, ending with black spots; secondaries, golden-bay, with distinct crescen1>shaped greenish-black spots on the end of each feather; wing-coverts, golden-bay, each feather laced on the edge with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two distinct black bars across the wings. Tail: Large, rather erect, and well expanded, and, in color, a rich golden-bay, each feather ending with a rich black spot sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, rich golden-bay, each feather ending with a rich black spot. Legs: Thighs, rather long and of medium size, and, in color, bay, spangled or laced with black: — Shanks, long and slender, and blue or slaty-blue in color. Cakkiage: Erect and strutting. THE HEN. Head: Round, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest, — ^Beak, dark horn-color, rather long; nostrils large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak:— Eyes, large, full and bright. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 149 Crest. Very lai-ge, round, close, Arm and even upon the head, and, in color, golden-bay, each feather laced with black; — in adult birds white feathers may appear. Beard: Thick and full, extending back to the crest, and forming a well developed muff under the beak. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape; and the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, and even on the surface: — Wattles, imperceptible. Neck: Long and tapering, the hackle golden-bay, laced with black. Back: Straight, and tapering to the tail, the plumage golden- bay, each feather ending with a distinct, round, black spangle or lacing. Breast and Bodt- Breast, full, round and prominent, — color, a clear golden-bay, free from mossing, each feather end- ing with a distinct, round, rich, black spangle or lacing, the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feather: — Body, comparatively small, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — color of plum- age, golden-bay, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and snugly folded against the sides; pri- maries, bay, each feather ending in a black spot; secondaries, golden-bay, each feather ending in a crescent-shaped black lacing; wing-bows, golden-bay, each feather ending with a crescent-shaped black spa -gle or lacing; wing-coverts, golden- bay, each feather edged with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two distinct bars across the wings. Tail: Large, and somewhat expanded, — in color, bay, each feather ending in a large black spangle or lacing. Legs: Thighs, rather long, and of medium size, — in color, bay, each feather spangled or laced with black : — Shanks, rather long, clean and neat, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Carriage: Bather upright and coquettish. 150 tHE AltBEICAS POINTS IN BEAEDED GOLDEN POLISH. Symmetry, . Size and Weight, Condition, . Head, Crest, Beard, Comb, Ear-lobes, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, . Tail, Legs, • • 10 8 5 4 25 4 10 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 100 STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 151 BEARDED SILVER POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS, Crooked backs; wry tails; legs any other color than blue, which may, however, be lighter in color from age. THE COCK. Head: Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull, which is concealed by the crest: — Beak, dark horn- color, and rather long; nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Cbest: Very large, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture *» those of the hackle, and, in color, silvery-white, laced with black, — ^in adult birds, white feathers may appear; — the crest should rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass. Beakd : Thick and full, running hack of the eye in a hand- some curve, and, in color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather distinctly laced with black. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, of small size, and retreating rather backward into the crest; the smaller the better. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even on the surface, and well rounded: — Wattles, so small as to be nearly imperceptible. Neck: 'Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well hackled, — ^the hackle silvery-white in color, and the end of each feather la«ed with black. 152 ^ THE AMEKICAlf Back: Straight, wide across the sliouldera, and tapering to the tail,— the plumage a rich silvery-white in color, spangled or laced with black, the texture of the feather giving the spangle a rayed appearance. Breast akd Body: Breast, deep, full, round and promi- nent, a clear silvery-white in color, free from mossing, each feather ending with a round, rich, black spangle or lacing, the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feather: — Body, general appearance light, comparatively wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and folded smoothly against the sides; pri- maries, silvery-white, ending with black spots; secondaries, sil- very-white, with distinct, cresoen1>shaped greenish-black spots on the end of each feather; wing-coverts, silvery-white, each feather laced on the edge with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two distinct black bars across the wings. Tail: Large, rather erect, and well expanded, and silvery- white in color, each feather ending with a rich black spot; — sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, abundant, silvery-white, and each feather ending with a rich black spot. Legs: Thighs, rather long, of medium size, and silvery- white in color, each feather spangled or laced with black: — Shanks, long and slender, and blue or slaty-blue in color Carriage: Erect and strutting. THE JHEN. Head: Bound, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest: — ^Beak, dark horn-color; nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 153 Ckest: Very large, i-ouiiil, close, Arm, and even upo . the head, and silvery-white in color, each feather laced with black; — in adult birds white feathers may appear. Beard: Thick and full, extending back to the crest, and forming a well developed niufif >inder the beak. Comb; Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, and the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, and even on the surface: — "Wattles, small, and almost impercep- tible. Neck: Long and tapering; the hackle silvery-white, laced with black. Back: Straight, and tapering to the tail; the plumage sil- very-white, each feather ending with a distinct black spangle or lacing. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent, — color of plumage, a clear silvery-white, free from mossing, each feather ending with a distinct, round, rich, black spangle or lacing, the spangle or lacing increasing in size in proportion to the increase in the size of the feather: — Body, comparatively small, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail; — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather spangled or laced with black. Wings: Ample, and snugly folded against the sides; pri- maries, silvery-white, each feather ending in a black spangle or lacing; secondaries, silvery-white, each feather ending in a crescent-shaped black lacing; wing-bows, silvery white, each feather ending with a crescent-shaped black spangle or lacing; wing-coverts, silvery-white, each feather edged with black, and ending with a large black spangle or lacing, forming two dis- tinct bars across the wings. Tail: Large, and somewhat expanded, — in color, silvery- white, each feather ending in a large black spangle or lacing. Legs: Thighs, rather long, and of medium size, — in color 154 tHE AMERICAK silvery-white, each feather spangled or laced with black: — Shanks, rather long, slender, clean and neat, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Caskiage: Kather upright and coquettish. POINTS IN BEAEDED SILVER POLISH. Symmetry, Size and Weight, Condition, Head, Crest, Beard, Comb, Ear-lobes, . Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, 10 8 6 4 26 4 10 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 100 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 155 BEARDED WHITE POLISH. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Color other than pure white, except as it may be tinged with golden-yellow by age; crooked backs; wry tails; legs any other color than blue, which, however, may be lighter in tint through age. THE COCK. Head: Large, with a considerable protuberance on the top of the skull, which is concealed by the crest: — ^Beak, slaty-blue or horn-color; nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak: — Eyes, large, full and bright. Ckest: Very large, thick, flowing, and well fitted on the crown of the head, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of the hackle, — it should rise well in front, so as not to obstruct the sight, and fall over upon either side and behind in a regular and even mass, — color, white. Beakd : Full and abundant, running back of the eye in a handsome curve, and, in color, clear, pure wtiite. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape, very small, and retreating rather backward into the crest, — the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white, small, even on the surface, and well rounded: — Wattles, nearly imperceptible. Neck: Of medium length, slightly and neatly arched, and well hackled, — hackles, pure white in color. Back: Perfectly straight, wide across the shoulders, and tD^ pering to the tail, — ^plumage, a clear, pure white, as free from a yellowish tiage as possible. 156 THE AMERICAN Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full, round and promi- nent, — color, white: — ^Body, general appearance light, com- paratively wide at the shoulders, and tapering to the tail, — color of plumage, throughout, a clear, pure white. Wings: Ample, and folded smoothly against the sides; pri- maries, secondaries and wing-coverts, all pure white. Tail: Large, and well expanded, rather erect, and well supplied with large and well curved sickle-feathers and taU- co verts, — color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, rather long, and of medium size, — color, white: — Shanks, rather long and slender, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Caeeiage: Erect and strutting THE HEN. Head : Round, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest; plumage, pure white in color: — Beak, slaty-bUie or horn-color; — nostrils, large, the crown of which is elevated above the usual curve-line of the beak:^-Eyes, large, full and bright. Crest: Very large, round, and straight on the head, and the surface close and even, — color, white. Beard: Thick and full, extending back to the crest, and forming a well developed muff under the beak. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned, like the letter V in shape; and the smaller the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Bar-lobes, white, small, and even on the surface, and rounded on the lower edge: — Wattles, so small as to be almost imperceptible. Neck: Long and tapering, — the hackle of medium length, and close, and pure white in color. Back: Straight, and tapering to the tail — plumage, pure white. STANDARD OP BXCKLLENCE. 157 Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent, — plumage, white: — ^Body, comparatively small, wide across the shoulders, and tapering to the tail; — plumage, throughout, a clear, pure white. Wings: Ample, and smoothly folded against the sides: pri- maries, secondaries and wing-coverts, pure white. Tail: Large, and well expanded, — color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, rather long, and of medium size; plumage, rt^hite: — Shaulcs, rather long and slender, and, in color, blue or slaty-blue. Carriage: Rather upright and coquettish. POINTS IN BEARDED WHITE POLISH. Symmetry, ...... 10 Size and Weight, ..... . 8 Condition, ...... 5 Head, ...... . 4 Crest, 25 Beard, ...... . 4 Comb, ...... 10 Ear-lobes, ..... . 4 Neck, ....... 5 Back, . 5 Breast and Body, ..... 5 >Vings 5 I'ail, ....... 5 I.fgs. ...... . 6 100 1&8 THE AMERICAN HOUDANS. DISQUALtFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; absence of crest, heard, or fifth toe; crooked hacks; wry tails; deformity of any kind; ground-color other than hlack or white; red or brassy feathers in any part of the plumage. TZZE COCK. Head: Crested and bearded, — ^plumage, black aud white feathers intermixed, the more even the better: — Eeak, dark horn-color, of moderate length and curved, with nostrils wide and cavernous: — Eyes, large, full and bright, and various in color: — Pace, red, the less seen the better. Ckest and Bkakd: Crest, composed of black and white hackle-like feathers, ample in quantity, and falling backwards to the right and left, so as not to hide the comb nor obstruct the sight: — ^Beard, full and thick, reaching well around in a curve to the back of the eyes, and partially hiding the face; — plumage, black and white feathers intermixed. Comb: Bright red, well developed, and antler-like, retreating rather backwards into the crest, the outside opening like two leaves of a book, the centre having the appearance of an ill- shaped, long strawberry. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, and par- tially if not entirely concealed by the crest-feathers and beard. — Wattles, bright red, thin, rather long, and neatly rounded. Neck: Of medium length, well arched, and well supplied with a flowing hackle, which descends well upon the shoulders; — ^plumage, white and black feathers intermixed. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 159 Back: Broad, straight, and tapering to tlie tail, — saddle- feathers, abundant, and free from any mixture of brassy or straw-colored feathers, — plumage, blaols and white intermixed Breast and Body: Breast, deep, full and plump: — Body, well proportioned and bullty, and, in plumage, broken black and white, as evenly broken as possible, and free from foul- colored feathers. Wings: Moderately large, and snugly folded against the body, — color of plumage, broken black and white. Tail: Full, well expanded, and carried tolerably erect, and well supplied with handsome sickle-feathers and tail-coverts, — color, black and white feathers intermixed Legs: Thighs, of medium length, and stout; plumage, broken black and white: — Shanks, rather short, fine In bone, and pinkish-white, mottled with lead-color: — Toes, five in number, the fifth detached from the others, and oiu'ving somewhat up- wards. Cakkiage: Upright and spirited. THE S.EN. Head: Heavily crested and bearded — ^plumage, black and white feathers intermixed: — Beak, dark horn-color, and oi medium size: — ^Eyes, large, full and bright, and various in color. Chest and Beakd: Crest, large, compact and even, and inclining backward in an unbrolien mass, — color, broken black and white: — ^Beard, thick and full, reaching back in a handsome curve behind the eyes, — color, broken black and white. Comb: Bright red, small, branching, and coral-like. Bak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, but con- cealed from view by the beard and crest-feathers: — ^Wattles, bright red, small, and well rounded. 160 THE AMEBICAN Neck: Of medium length, and well arched— color of plum- age, broten hlack and white. Back: Wide and straight; — color of plumage, white and black intermixed. Bee AST AND Body: Breast, full, deep and prominent: — Body, broad and bulky in appearance, — color of plumage, even- ly broken black and white. "Wings: Moderately large, smoothly folded against the sides, and, in plumage, broken black and white, free from straw- colored feathers. Tail: Of moderate size, somewhat expanded, and carried tolerably upright, — color, broken black and white. Legs: Thighs, short and stout, — color, broken black and white: — Shanks, of medium length, fine in bone, and pinkish- white, mottled with lead-color: — Toes, five in number, the fifth toe detached from the others, and curving somewhat upwards. Carriage : Bather upright and brisk. POINTS IN HOUDANS. Symmetry, ..... 10 Size and Weight, . . . . . . 10 Condition, ..... 8 Head, ...... . 4 Crest and Beard, .... 18 Comb, ...... . 7 Ear-lobes and Wattles, .... 5 Neck, . 5 Back, ...... 6 Breast and Body, .... . 7 Wings 6 Tail, . 7 Legs and Toes, .... 7 100 StANDABD OF EXCELLENCE. l6l CUEVECCEURS, DISQUALIFICATIONS Birds not matching in the show-pen; crooked hacks; wry tails; deformity of any kind; colored feathers elsewhere than in the crest; feathered legs; shanks, other than slate-color or black. THE COCK. Head: Has a large protuberance ou the top of the skull, which Is concealed by the crest; — color of plumage, black: — Beak, black, with horn-colored tip, strong and well curved, with highly arched, broad nostrils :^Eyes, full and bright, and very vivacious: — Face, red, but mainly concealed by the crest and beard. Chest and Bbakd: Crest, composed of feathers similar to those of the hackle, large, flowing, thick, and well fitted to the crown of the head, — color, perfectly black; — white feath- ers in the crest a defect, but not a disqualification: — Beard, full and thick, reaching around to the back of the eyes, and par- tially hiding the face, — color, black. Comb: Brilliant red, two-horned in shape, but free from tynes, slightly sprigged at the base, of good size, and showing well in front of the crest. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red, small, and nearly concealed by the crest and beard: — Wattles, bright red, moderately pendant, and evenly rounded. Neck: Of medium length, thickly hackled, well arched, and carried a little back, the hackle descending w^ell upon the shoulders, and a rich greenish-black in color. 162 THE AMERICAN Back; Wide, and perfectly straight, and well furnished with saddle-feathers, — plumage, a rich greenish-black. Bee AST AND Body: Breast, broad, full, and carried well for- ward : — Body, long, square, and well proportioned, and a rich, brilliant black throughout. Wings: Of medium size, and smoothly folded against the sides; primaries and secondaries, deep black; wing-coverts, brilliant greenish-black. Tail: Full, somewhat expanded, and carried rather erect; sickle-feathers, long, well curved, and lustrous greenish-black; tail-coverts, abundant, well curved, and rich greenish-black. Feet and Legs; Thighs, rather short, stout, and well set on the body: — Shanks, black or slate-color, short, rather fine in bone, and free from feathers. Carriage : Upright and noble. TKS IZE]Sr. Head: Large and globular, the protuberance of the skull concealed by the crest; — plumage, rich, deep black: — Beak, black, with horn-colored tip, well curved, with highly arched, broad nostrils: — Eyes, full and bright. Crest and Beard: Crest, large and globular, compact and even, the feathers inclining backwards in an unbroken mass; — color, rich, deep black: — ^Beard, full, reaching back in a hand- some curve behind the eyes, — color, rich black. Comb: Small, the less the better. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red, small, and hid- den by the crest and beard: — Wattles, bright red, very small, and neatly rounded. Neck: Thick, and well arched, — plumage, rich, deep black, or gi'ee-iish-black. Back: Straight and broad,— color of plumuge, rich black, or iji-eenish-black. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 163 Breast and Body: Breast, full, plump, and carried well forward,— plumage, rich black:— Body, broad, square, and car- ried low, — color, rich black, throughout, a brownish, tinge veiy undesirable. Wings: Of medium size, and smoothly folded against the sides; primaries and secondaries, deep black; wing-coverts, rich black, or greenish-black in color Tail: Large, and well expanded, — color, rich black, Legs: Thighs, short, stout, and well set on the body: — Shanks, black or slate color, short, fine in the bone, and free from feathers. Cabkiage : Upright and vivacious. POINTS IN CREVECCEURS. Symmetry, .... 10 Size and "Weight, . . 10 Condldon, .... 8 Head, .... . 4 Crest and Beard, 18 Comb, .... . 7 Ear-lobes and Wattles, 5 Neck, .... . 5 Back, ..... 6 Breast and Body, . . 7 Wings, ..... 6 Tail, .... . 7 Legs, 7 100 164 THE AMERICAN LA FLECHE. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; plumage any other color than black; presence of crest; feathered legs; crooked backs; wry tails; deformity of any kind; legs of any other color than black or slate-color. THE COCK. Head: Iioug, of medium size, and rich black in color: — Beak, black in color, strong, and well cui-ved, with nostrils wide and cavernous, having a small knob of bright red flesh at the junc- tion of the nostril with the beak: — Eyes, large and bright: — Face, red, and rather bare. Comb: Brilliant red, branching and antler-like, like two horns pointing upward. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, large, and as white as possible: — Wattles, brilliant red, long, pendulous, and well rounded. Neck' Long, carried very upright, but not backward, with full hackle, descending well upon the shoulders; the plumage a rich, glossy black. Back: Broad, very long, and slanting to the tail; — saddle- feathers, abundant, and glossy black in color. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full, and very prominent: — ^Body, large, powerful, and rather hard, from the closeness of the plumage, which is a brilliant metallic black. Wings: Long, powerful, and folded smoothly and tightly against the sides; primaries and secondaries, black; wing- coverts, rich, glossy black. STANDARD OF EXCELLENUE. 165 Tail : Very full and long, carried rather low,— color, brilliant black;— sickle-feathers, abundant;— tail-coverts, well curved, sound and glossy, and greenish-black in color. Legs; Thighs, long and powerful, — ^plumage, deep black; — Shanks, dark slate-color or leadou-black, long and stout, and perfectly smooth and clean ; — toes, large and straight. Cakkiage : Upright, bold and watchful. THE HEN. Head: Long; plumage, a rich, glossy black: — Beak, black or dark horn-color, rather long, strong and well curved; tlic nostrils arched, broad and cavernous; — Eyes, bright and watch- ful: — Face, bright red, and rather bare. Comb: Bright red, small, spiked and branching, standing rather erect, or the brandies inclining a little forward. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, small and white; — Wattles, bright red, small, and neatly rounded. Neck: Long, and carried quite upright,— plumage, rich, glossy black. Back: Broad, and tapering to the tail, —plumage, rich, glossy black. Breast and Body: Breast, broad, full and prominent,— plumage, rich, glossy black:— Body, wide and deep, and taper- ing to the tail,— plumage, throughout, a deep, rich black. Wings: Large, powerful, and smoothly folded against the sides; primaries and secondaries, deep black,— wing-coverts, rich, glossy black. Tail: Large, well expanded, and carried upright,— plumage, rich black. Legs: Thighs, long, strong, and well set on the body,— plum- age, deep black:— Shanks, long, well boned, and black or slate- color. Carriage: Upright, bold and watchful. m THE AMERICAN POINTS IN LA PLECHE. Symmetry, ...... Size and Weight, Condition, . Head, . ' . . 10 12 . 10 S Comb, ...... . 10 Ear-lobes and Wattles, 10 Neck, ...... Back, . ..... Breast and Body, .... Wmgs Tail, Legs, . 8 6 7 . 5 10 . 6 100 STANDARD OF EXCKLLENCE. 187 RUSSIANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; comb other than double or rose; crooked backs; wry or squirrel tails; color other than greenish-black. THE COCK. Head: Of good size, and well formed; — plumage, rich black: — ^Beak, stout, well curved, and black or dark horn-color: — Eyes, full, prominent and bright. Comb: Bright red, double or rose, narrow in the rear, and without spike. Beard: Full, and heavy under the beak, reaching around in a curve to the back of the eyes; — color, rich black. Ear-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, of medium size: — Wattles, bright red, long, pendant, and well ro inded. Neck; Of medium length, and well arched; — hackle, a rich greenish-black, descending well upon the shoulders. Back: Broad, and tapering to the tail; — saddle-feathers, ample, — the general plumage, rich, greenish-black. Breast and Body: Breast, round and full: — Body, broad and compact, rather upright in carriage, and, in plumage, a glossy greenish-black throughout. •Wings: Of medium size, snugly and smoothly folded against the sides; primaries and secondaries, black; wing-coverts, glossy greenish-black. Tail: Of medium size, erect, and free from long sickle- feathers, — plumage, black, or greenish-black. 168 THE AMERICAN Legs: Thighs, strong, and of medium length, — plumage, black: — Shanks, of medium length, strong, dark lead-color, and not a disqualification if they have a yellowish tinge. Carriage: Rather upright and attractive. THE HEUr. Head: Of medium size, well formed, and rich black in color: — ^Beak, short and stout, — color, black or dark-horn: — Eyes, of good size, and bright. Comb: Bright red, double or rose; resembling that of the cock, but smaller, and without spike. Beard: Full on the throat, and curving around behind the eyes, and joining the hackle, — color, rich black. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, of medium size: — Wattles, bright red, small, and well rounded. Neck: Of medium length, and rather upright — plumage, full, and glossy black in color. Back: Moderately broad, and tapering to the tail, — ^plumage, glossy black. Breast and Body: Breast, full and round: — ^Body, rather broad and compact, — color of plumage, glossy black through- out. Wings: Of medium size, and snugly folded against the sides; primaries and secondaries, black; wing-coverts, rich, glossy black. Tail: Of medium size, and moderately erect, — color, rich black. Legs: Thighs, strong, and of medium length, — color of plum- ngc, black: — Shanks, of medium length, strong, dark lead- color, and not a disqualification if they have a yellowish tinge. Carriage: Upright and attractive. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 168 POINTS IN RUSSIANS. Symmetry, .... . 10 Size and Weight, 7 Condition, . 7 Head, ..... 9 Comb, .... . 8 Beard, . . . . . 10 Eax-lobes and Wattles, . 8 Neck, 8 Back, .... . 7 Breast and Body, 8 Wings, . . • . . 7 Tail, 6 Legs, .... . 5 100 170 THE AMERICAN SULTANS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; plumage, any other color than white; crooked crest; large red face; absence of heard or muff; deficiency of leg-feathering, or absence of vulture hocks; crooked backs; wry tails; beak, any other color than white; de- formity of any kind. THE COCK. Head: Of medium size, and lieavily crested,— plumage, clear white in color:— Beak, white in color, short, curved, with broad, cavernous nostrils, like the Polish family; — Eyes, bright and vivacious : — ^Pace, covered thick with beard, pure white in color. Comb: Invisible, or with two small spikes; brilliant red in color. Ckest and Beabd: Crest, large, composed of haokle-like feathers, arched over the eyes and round the head, the front being free from feathers, falling forward, and neatly arched at the sides; — color of plumage, pure white: — ^Beard, fuU and close around the throat, joining the crest and crossing the face. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, concealed by the crest and beard, — color, immateiial: — Wattles, brilliant red, small, and rather shriveled in appearance. Neck: Rather short, highly arched, carried well back, and heavily hackled, — plumage, clear white. Back: Rather broad, straight, and drooping to the tail;— color of plumage, pure white. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 171 Breast and Body: Breast, round, deep, and carried well forward: — Body, very square, deep, compact, and carried low, —plumage, throughout, pure white. Wings: Bather large, and carried low, — ^plumage, pure white. Tail: Large, full, and abundantly furnished with fine sickle-feathers and tail-coverts; — ^plumage, pure white. Legs: Thighs, very short, stou., well feathered, with full and long vulture hocks, — plumage, white: — Shanks, dark blue in color, short, and heavily feathered on the outer sides with clear white plumage: — Toes, five in number, straight, the middle and outer toes feathered with clear white feathers. Carriage : Rather low, brisk and vivacious. THE HEN. Head: Of medium size, and heavily crested, — plumage, pure white: — ^Beak, short, well curved, and clear white, with large cavernous nostrils, like the Polish famUy: — Eyes, bright red, and vivacious. Comb : Two small spikes of brilliant red, almost, if not en- tirelj^ concealed in the crest. Crest and Beard : Crest, large, full, close and globular, the feathers inclining backward in a smooth and even mass; — color, pure white: — ^Beard, thick, curving around the throat, reaching well back, meeting the crest, and covering the face; — plumage, clear white. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, concealed by the crest and beard, — color, immaterial: — ^Wattles, brilliant red, small, and evenly rounded. Keck: Short, well arched, very thickly feathered, and car- ried well back, — ^plumage, pure white. Back: Rather broad and straight; — color of plumage, pure white. 172 THE AMERICAN Breast and Body: Breast, full, deep and prominent: — Body, very compact and square, and carried low. Wings: Large, and carried low, — ^plumage, pure white. Tail: Large, rather erect, and well expanded, — color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, very short, and well feathered, with full and long vulture hocks; — plumage, pure white: — Shanks, dark blue, very short, and heavily feathered down the outsides; — plumage, clear white: — Toes, five in number, the middle and outer toes feathered, — color of feathers, pure white. Plumage: Pure white throughout. Carriage: Rather low, brisk and lively. POINTS IN sultans, Symmetry, Size and Weight, Condition, Head, Comb, Crest and Beard, . Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck, ' . Back, Breast and Body, . Wings, Tail, Legs, 10 6 4 7 S 9. 10 100 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 173 SILKIES. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; crookedbaeks; wry tails; vulture hocks; feathers not truly silky, or foul feathers in any part of the body; absence of crest, of the fifth toe, or of feath^- ers on the legs. THE COCK. Head: Small, crested, and the plumage, clear white: — Beak, dark, and rather small: — Eyes, large, bright and lively: — Pace, deep purple color. Comb: Double, nearly round, having a lumpy appearance, with scarcely any points on top, and of a dai'k purplish hue. Ckest: Compact and full, and generally falling backward behind the comb. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Bar-lobes, purple, tinged with white, and somewhat pendulous: — ^Wattles, a purplish or livid color, and rather long and pendant. Neck: Of moderate length, and carried slightly forward; — hackle, very full, and flowing well over the shoulders; — ^plum- age, pure white. Back: Broad and short, the plumage white, — saddle-feath- ers, abundant, and rising gradually from about the centre of the back towards the tail, and falling upon either side in a silky mass. Breast and Bodt: Breast, broad, full, and pure white m color: — Body, broad, and squarely formed, the plumage, thi-oughout, pure white. 174 THE AMERICAN Wings: Rather small, and carried low,— the webs of the primary and secondary feathers having a silky and fringe-like appearance; — plumage, white. Tail: Small, the main feathers having a soft and fringe-like appearance, — color, white. Legs: Thighs, short and stout, and well furnished vnth silky fluff, tyhich descends below the hocks: — Shanks, dark blue or black, and well feathered on the outer sides, with white and silky plumage: — Toes, five in number on each foot, the outer toes being well feathered. Oakeiagb: Rather low, and Cochin-like. THE HEN. Head: Small, fine, and crested, — color of plumage, pure white: -Beak, dark, and rather small: — Eyes, large and bright. — Face, deep purple. Comb: Very small, double, and of a purplish hue. Ceest : Small and globular, — color, white. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, purple, tinged with white, and somewhat pendulous: — Wattles, purplish or livid in color, and small. Neck: Rather short, plumage abundant, pure white in color and descending well over the shoulders. Back: Rather broad and short, well cushioned, and Cochin like in shape,— plumage, pure white. Breast and Body: Breast, full and prominent:- Body, broad and compact,— the plumage, throughout, pure white. Wings: Small, and carried low,— color, white. Tail: Small, and almost buried in the cushion and abundant flufiT, — ^plumage, white. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 175 Legs: Thighs, short and stout, and well furnished with silky fluff, which descends below th6 hocks: — Shanks, dark blue or black, and well feathered on the outer sides : — Toes, five in number on each foot, the outer toes being well feathered. Carriage : Rather low, and Cochin-like. POINTS IN SILKIES. Symmetry, Size and Weight, Condition, Head, Comb, Crest, Ear-lobes and "Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, . . , Tail, . Legs, 10 8 •7 8 10 8 8 8 6 7 6 8 7 100 176 THE AMEKICAN RUIHPLESS FOWLS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birdx not matching in the show-pen, in combs, in the color of their legs, or in plumage; any approach to a tail. cock: aktd hen. Birds without tails. Colob: White or blacli preferred, but any color admitted. Comb: Double or stugle, without specific points or require- ments. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 177 FRIZZLED FOWLS. DISQUALIFICATIONS, Birds with wry tails, or any sort of deformity, or not match- ing in combs, in color of legs, or in plumage. COCK AND SUN. Birds the plumage of which has a tendency to curve bacli- wards or upwards at the ends, as if in a sort of rebellion against the^general ordainmeut of nature; — this curving at tliu ends being more especially noticeable in the hackle and saddle- feathers, while the mass of the plumage is involved. Any color is admissible, provided the birds match in the sliow-pen. Comb: Double or single. J78 THE AMERICAN GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAIHS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks weighing more than twenty-eight ounces; hens more than twenty-four ounces; cocks having either hackle, saddle, or sickle-feathers ; crooked backs; wry tails; legs of any other color than slaty-blue; combs other than rose; natural absence of spike; deformity of any ) kind. a z < » THE COCK. (3 Head : Small, round in front, carried well back towards the utail; — color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather being » laced around with a narrow edging of rich black:— Beak, dark, short, and slightly curved: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Double or rose, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, the top being covered with small points, with a spike behind, which turns slightly upward. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white and flat:— Wattles, bright red, broad, and rounded on the lower edge. * Neck: Neat, tapering, well arched, hen-feathered, and quite free from hackle-feathers; — color of plumage, rich golden- yellow, each feather being distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of rich black. - Back: Very short, and perfectly free from saddle-feathew; — color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a rich, narrow edging ol black. StANDAltD OF EXCELtENCfi. 17& Bkeast and Body: Breast, full, round, and carried promi- nently forward: — ^Body, compact, deep and short in appear- ance,— the plumage, throughout, being a rich golden-yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced around with a narrow edging of black. Wings: Ample, carried very low, the ends almost touching the ground,— ^color of plumage, rich golden-yello'Wj each feather evenly and distinctly laced around with black. Tail: Carried very high, and somewhat expanded, square, similar to that of the hen, free from curved or sickle-feathers, and the feathers broadest towards the ends; — tail-coverts, round at the ends, straight, and lying close to the sides of the tail ; — color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather being distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Legs: Thighs, very short and stout, — color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather distinctly laced around with black: — Shanks, short, rather slender, perfectly free from feathering and slaty-blue in color. Cakkiage: Very upright and strutting. THE HEIT. Head: Small and neat, — color of plumage, rich golden- yellow, each feather being laced all round with a narrow edg- ing of black: — Beak, dark, short, and slightly curved: — ^Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Small, resembling that of the cock, but much smaller and neater, and fitting close and straight on the head. Eak-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, small, white, and flat: — Wattles, bright red, small, and neatly rounded. Neck: Neat, upright and tapering, — color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather evenljf and distinctly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. 180 THE AMEKICAN Back: Short, — plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round the edges with deep black. Bkeast and Bodt: Breast, full, round, and carried promi- nently forward: — ^Body, compact, deep, and rather short; — plumage, throughout, rich golden-yellow, each feather dis- tinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of rich black. Wings: Ample, carried low, but not so depending as those of the cock,— color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Tail: Square, rather upright, and well expanded,— color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Legs: Thighs, very short and stout,— color of plumage, rich golden-yellow, each feather distinctly laced all round with a narrow edging of black:— Shanks, short and slender, free from feathering, and slaty-blue in color. Carriage : Upright and sprightly. POINTS IN GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. Symmetry, . . . 10 Smallness of Size, • IQ Condition, . . . 7 Head, 3 Comb, ... 10 Eai-lobes and Wattles, • 4 Neck, ■ 10 Back, 7 Breast and Body, . 12 Wings, , ^ . 10 Tail, • 10 Legs, . . 7 100 STANDARD 01' EXCELLENCE. 181 SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks weighing more than twenty-eight ounces; hens more than twenty-four ounces; cocks having either hackle, saddle or sickle-feathers; crooked backs; wry tails; legs of any other color than slaty-blue; combs other „ than rose; deformity of any kind; natural absence of spike. a z < 0, THE COCK. iij < Head : Small, round in front, carried well back towards the ^taU, — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather laced S evenly and distinctly around with a narrow edging of black: — ^Beak, dark, short, and slightly curved: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Double or rose, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, the top being covered with small points, with a spike behind, which turns slightly upward. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, white and flat:— Wattles, bright red, broad, and rounded on the lower edge. Neck: Neat, tapeiing, well arched, hen-feathered, and quite free from hackle-feathers; — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a nar- row edging of black. Back: Very short, and perfectly free from saddle-feathers; color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather distinctly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. iS2 THE AMERICAK Breast and Body: Breast, full, round, and carried promi- nently forward: — Body, compact, deep, and short in appear- ance, the plumage, throughout, being silvery-white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Wings: Ample, carried veiy low, the ends almost touching the ground; color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather dis- tinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Tail: Carried very high, and somewhat expanded, square, similar to that of the hen, free from curved or sickle-feathers, and the feathers broadest towards the ends; tail-coverts, round at the ends, straight, and lying close to the sides of the tail; — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather being distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Legs: Thighs, very short and stout, — color of plumage, sil- very-white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black: — Shanlfs, short, rather slender, perfectly free from feathering, and slaty-blue in color. Cabbiage: Veiy upright and strutting. THE IXEIT. Head: Small and neat; — color of plumage, sUvery- white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a nar- row edging of black:— Beak, dark, short, and slightly cm-ved: — ^Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Small, resembliixg that of the cock, but much smaller and neater, and fitting close and straight upon the head. Eae-lobbs and Wattles: Ear-lobes, small, white, and flat:— Wattles, bright red, small, and neatly rounded. Neck: Neat, upright, and tapering;— color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather listinctly and evenly laced all round with a nan'ow edging of black. STANDARD OF EXCELLEKCE. 183 Back: Short; — color of plumage, silvery- white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round, and carried promi- nently forward:— Body, compact, deep, and rather short; — color of plumage, throughout, silvery-white, each feather dis- tinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging ol deep black. Wings: Ample, carried low, but not so depending as those of the cock, — color of plumage, silveiy-white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Tail: Square, rather upright, and well expanded; — color of plumage, silvery-white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black. Legs: Thighs, very short and stout; — color of plumage, sil- very-white, each feather distinctly and evenly laced all round with a narrow edging of black : — Shanks, short and slender, free from feathering, and slaty-blue in color. Carriage : Upright and sprightly. POINTS IN silver SEBRIGHT BANTAMS, Symmetry, . Smallness of Size, Condition, . Head, Comb, Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, . Wings, Tail, Legs, 10 10 7 3 10 4 10 7 12 10 10 7 100 184 THE AMERICAN ROSE-COMBED BLACK BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Cocks weighing more than twenty-four ounces; hens more than twenty-two ounces; ear-lobes other than pure white; feathered legs; legs other than deep leaden-blue; comb sother than rose; natural absence of spike; birds not matching in the show- pen; crooked backs; wry tails, or any other deformity. i THE COCK. < » Head: Small, round, and carried well over the body, — "color, rich black: — Beak, black or dark born-color, short, and ui slightly curved: — Eyes, prominent and bright. 2 Comb: Bright red, double or rose, square in front, straight w and close upon the head, the top covered with small points, and " terminating in a spike behind, which curves very slightly up- wards. Bak-lobes AND "Wattles: Ear-lobes, pure white, flat, and even on the surface: — Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and rounded on the lower edge. !N"bck: Tapering, and curving well backwards, so as to bring the back of the head towards the tail, the hackle full, long, and descending well over the shoulders, — color of plumage, rich, glossy black. Back: Very short, and tapering to the tail, — saddle-feathers, abundant and long, — color of plumage, rich, glossy, greenish- black. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round, and carried promi- nently forward: — Body, plump and symmetrical, and, in color of plumage, rich, glossy black throughout. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 186 Wings: Ample, the points drooping so as nearly to touch the ground, — the secSondaries slightly expanded; — color ol plumage, glossy greenish-blaclc. Tail: Full, expanded, well supplied with long curving sickle-feathers, carried well up towards the back of the head, and glossy blaclf in color. Legs: Thighs, short, — color of plumage, deep, rich black: — Shanks, short, clean and tapering, — in color, blaclt, or very dark leaden-blue. Carkiage: Very upright, proud and strutting. THE HEN. Head: Small, round and neat, — color of plumage, rich black: — ^Beak, small, slightly curved, and black or dark horn- color: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Bright red, double or rose, square in front, straight and close upon the head, the top covered with very small points, and terminating in a spUce behind, which curves slightly upwards. Eak-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, pure white, flat, and even on the surface: — Wattles, bright red, and small. Neck: Shoi-t, tapering, and carried well back, — color of plumage, rich, glossy black. Back: Short, and tapering to the tail, — color, rich, glossy black. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent: — Body, compact and symmetrical; — color of plumage, rich, glossy black throughout. Wings: Ample, the points somewhat drooping, — color of plumage, brilliant, glossy black. Tail: Pull, well expanded, and carried rather upright, — color, deep black. 186 THE AMERICAN Legs: Thighs, short, — color of plumage, rich black: — Shanks, short, clean and tapering, — color, black or very dark leaden-blue. Carriage: Upright and sprightly. POINTS IN ROSE-COMBED BLACK BANTAMS. Symmetry, .... . 10 Sraallness of Size, 10 Condition, .... . 8 Head, ..... 4 Comb, .... . 10 Ear-lobes and Wattles, 8 Neck, . . . •. . 8 Back, ..... 8 Breast and Body, . . 10 Wings, .... 8 Tail, . 10 Legs 6 100 STANJJAIID Olf HXCfiLLKNCE. 187 ROSE-COMBED WHITE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks weighing more than twenty-four ounces; hens more than twenty-two ounces; feathered legs; legs other than white or yellow; combs other than rose; natural absence of spike; crooked backs; wry tails, or any other deformity. » THE COCK. o) Head : Small, aud carried well over the body — color, pure o white: — Beak, white or yellow, and slightly curved: — Eyes, n. red, bright and full. ui Comb: Bright red, double or rose, square in front, straight and close upon the head, the top covered with small points, and terminating in a spilce: behind, which curves very slightly upwards. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red:— Wattles, bright red, thin, and rounded on the lower edge. Neck: Tapering, and curving well backwards, so as to bring the back of the head towards the tail, the hackle, full, long, and descending well over thfe shoulders, — color of plumage, pure white, free from yellowish tinge Back: Very short, and tapering to the tail, — saddle-feathers, abundant and long; — color of plumage, clear white, free from yellowish tinge. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and carried promi- nently forward:— Body, plump and symmetiical, and pure wliite in color. 188 THE AMEBIC A.N Wings: Ample, the points drooping so as nearly to touch the ground,— the secondaries slightly expanded; — color of plum- age, pure white, free from yellowish tinge. Tail: Full, expanded, well supplied with long, curving sickle-feathers, carried well up towards the back of the head, — color, pure white. Legs: Thighs, short, — color of plumage, pure white: — Shanks, white or yellow; if white, with a slight pinkish tinge on the back and betwixt the scales. Cabbiage: Very upright, proud and strutting. TIZE SEN. Head: Small, round and neat; color of plumage, pure white: — ^Beak, white or yellow, small, and slightly curved: — Eyes, full and bright. Comb: Bright red, double or rose, square in front, straight and close upon the head, the top covered with very small points, and terminating in a spike behind, which curves slightly upwards. Eae-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red, flat, and even on the surface: — Wattles, bright red, and small. KTeck: Short, tapering, and carried well back, — color of plumage, pure white. Back: Short, and tapering to the tail, — color, pure white. Beeast and Body: Breast, full, round and promment: — Body, compact and symmetrical, — color of plumage, pure white throughout. Wings: Ample, the points somewhat drooping, — color of plumage, pure white. Tail: FuU, well expanded, and carried rather upright, — color, pure white. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 189 Legs: Thighs, short, — color of plumage, pure white:— Shanks, short, clean and tapering, — color, white or yellow. Carriage : Upright and sprightly. POINTS IN ROSE-COMBED WHITE BANTAMS. Symmetry, ...... . 10 Smallness of Size, ..... 10 Condition, ...... . 8 Head, ....... 4 Comb, ...... . 10 Eai'-lobes and "Wattles, .... 8 Ifeck, ...... . 8 Back, ....... 8 Breast and Body, .... . 10 Wings, 8 Tail, . .... . 10 Legs. . ..... 6 100 190 THE AMERICAN BOOTED WHITE BANTAHS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks weighing over tiBinty-eight ounces; hens over twenty-four ounces; legs and oater-toes not feathered ; legs other than white or yellow; crooked backs; wry tails; foul-colored feathers; fraudulent trimming or plucking; deformity of any kind. I THE COCK. to "* Head: Small, round, and carried well feaok towards the tail: CI ' ' ' locolor of plumage, pure white: — ^Beak, short, and slightly ocurved, color, white or yellow, white preferred: — Eyes, red or a. bay, bright and prominent: — Face, red. Ill ui Comb: Bright red, single, of medium size, firm and straight upon the head, and evenly serrated. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, flat, and even on the surface: — Wattles, bright red, broad, thin, and rounded on the lower edge. Neck: Tapering, and curving well back; — ^hackle, full, long, and flowing well over the shoulders; — color of plumage, pure white. Back: Short; saddle-feathers, abundant, long, and pure white in color. Breast and Bqdt: Breast, round, and carried prominently forward: — ^Body, rather short and compact, — color of pUimage, pure white throughout. Wings: Ample, the points slightly drooping; plumage, pure white. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE, 191 Tail: Full, expanded, and well furnished with long, curv- ing sickle-feathers, and carried very upright, — color, pure white. Legs : Thighs, of medium length, and well furnished with long, stiff feathers, or vulture-hooks, which almost touch the ground; — color of plumage, pure white: — Shanks, white or yellow (white preferred), and heavily feathered ontheoutsides: — Toes, the outer toes heavily feathered to the ends, — color of plumage, pure white. Plumage: Pure white throughout, free from yellowish tinge. Carriage: Very upright, pompous and strutting. THE HEN. Head: Small, round and neat — color of plumage, pure white: — ^Beak, small, and well curved— color, white or yellow, white preferred: — Eyes, red or bay, full and bright. Comb: Bright red, small, straight, single, and evenly serrated. Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, red, flat, and even on the surface: — Wattles, bright red, small, and nicely rounded. Neck: Of medium length, tapering, and carried well back: — color of plumage, pure white. Back: Short;— color of plumage, pure white. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent:— Body, rather short and compact, — color of plumage, pure white. Wings: Ample, the points slightly drooping, — color of plum- age, pure white. Tail: Pull, expanded, and carried rather upright, — ^plum- age, pure white in color. Legs: Thighs, of medium length, and abundantly supplied with long, stiff feathers, or vulture hocks, — color of plumage, pui-e white: — Shanks, short, and well feathered, and to match the cock's in color. Plumage : Pure white throughout. Carriage: Upright and pompous. 82 THE AMERICAN POINTS IN BOOTED -WHITE BANTAMS. Symmetry, ...... 10 SmaUness of Size, ..... . 15 Condition, ...... 6 Head, ...... 8 Comb, ....... 5 Ear-lobes and Wattles, 6 Neck 6 Back, ...... . 6 Breast and Body, ..... 10 Wings, 8 Tail, 8 I^egs, 12 100 STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. IfS PEKIN OR COCHIIV BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks weighing over twenty-mght ounces; hens over twenty-four ounces; primary wing-feathers twisted outside the wings; absence of leg-feather- ing; twisted combs; crooked backs; wry tails; deformity of any kind. I THE COCK. >o Head: Small, neat, and carried rather forward, — color, «deep buff or orange: — ^Beak, yellow, short, and well curved: — 3 Eyes, large and bright. < Comb: Bright red, single, of medium size, perfectly straight 111 and upright, with well defined serrations. «> Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, large for the size of the bird, and pendant: — Wattles, bright red, lai-ge, and well rounded. Neck: Short, and well arched, — hackle, abundant, and flow- mg well over the shoulders, — color, deep buff or reddisli- orange. Back: Bather broad, and rising gently to the tail, — saddle- feathers, abundant and long, — color, deep buff or orange. Breast and Body: Breast, rather deep, broad and full:— Body, very deep and broad, — color of plumage, deep buff or orange throughout. Wings: Small, the primaries smoothly folded under the secondaries, and concealed from sight, — color, deep buff or orange. 194 THE AMERICAN Tail: Very small, and carried almost horizontally,— color, dark chestnut or black. Legs: Thighs, short, stout, and well covered with soft, fluffy feathers,— color, deep buff or orange :— Shanks, yellow, short, thick, and well feathered on the outsides:— Toes, sti-aight and well spread, the outer toes well feathered to the ends. Cakriage: Not very upright. Head: Small, ueat, and carried rather forward, — color of plumage, rich buff: — Beak, yellow, short, and well curved: — Eyes, large and bright. Comb: Bright red, small, upright and straight, with well defined serrations. E AK-LOBES AND WATTLES: Ear-lobes, bright red, of medium size, and rather pendant: — "Wattles, bright red, small, and well rounded. Neck: Short, and well arched, — color of plumage, rich buff. Back: Broad and short, and rising gently from the centre to the tail, — color of plumage, rich buff. Breast and Body: Breast, broad and full:— Body, deep and broad, — the rear portion abundantly furnished with soft fluff, — color, rich buff. _ Wings: Small, — the primaries smoothly folded against the sides, and concealed under the secondaries, — color, rich buff. Tail: Very small, carried low, and almost concealed by the ample cushion-— color, chestnut or buff. Legs: Thighs, very short, stout, and well covered with soft, flufiy feathers,— color, rich buff:— Shanks, yeUow, short, thick, and well feathered on the outsides:— Toes, straight, and well spread, the outer toes well feathered to the ends, — color of plumage, rich buff. Carriage : Not very upright. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 195 POINTS IN PEKIN OR COCHIN BANTAMS. Symmetry, ...... 10 Smallness of Size, ..... . 12 Condition, ...... 8 Head, ...... . 8 Comt), ...... 5 Ear-lobes and Wattles, .... . 5 Neck, ....... 8 Back, ...... . 8 Breast and Body, .... 10 Wings, . 10 TaU 8 Legs, . 8 100 196 THE AMERICAN JAPANESE BANTAMS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; cocks over twenty-eight ounces, hens over twenty-four ounces,- leys other than yellow; combs other than single; crooked backs; wry tails; deformity of any kind. o THE COCB:. < Head: Rather large, and broad,— color of plumage, pure * white:— Beak, yellow, very strong, and well curved :— Eyes, mred, large and bright. o Comb: Bright red, very large, single, straight upon the ■^hcad, and evenly serrated. S Ear-lobes and Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, large, and smooth: — Wattles, bright red, large, pendant, and well rounded. Neck: Rather short, and curving considerably backwards; —hackle abundant, descending well over the shoulders, and pure white in color. Back: Very short, saddle-feathers abundant, and pure white in color. Breast and Bodt: Breast, very full, ro and, and carried prominently forward, — color, pure white: — ^Body, rather short, deep and compact, — color of plumage, pure white. Wings: Rather large, long, and the points somewhat droop- ing; — primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts, pure white; — black or colored feathers on the body or wings are objection- able, but not a disqualification. Tail: Black, very large, somewhat expanded, and carried StANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 197 SO upright as to come almost in contact with the head ; — the sicljle-feathers long, very upright, without much curve, and rich hlaclc in color, with an edging of white. Legs: Thighs, short and of medium size,— plumage, pure white:— Shanks, bright yellow, very short, smooth, and free fi-om feathers. Cakriage: Very erect. THE HEN. Head: Rather large, — color of plumage, pure white:— Beak, yellow, strong, and well curved: — Eyes, red, large, and bright. Comb: Bright red, of medium size, well serrated, and straight upon the head. Ear-lobes and "Wattles: Ear-lobes, bright red, and small: — ^Wattles, bright red, small, and well rounded. Keck: Short, and well curved, — color of plumage, pure white. Back: Short; — color of plumage, pure white. Breast and Body: Breast, full, round and prominent: — Body, rather short, deep and compact, — ^plumage, throughout, pure white. Wings: Rather large, long, and the points somewhat droop- ing, — color of plumage, pure white. Tail: Black, rather large, and tolerably upright. Legs: Thighs, of medium size, and short, — ^plumage, pure white: — Shanks, bright yellow, very short, smooth, and free from feathers. Carriage: Very upright. THE AMBEiCAN POINTS IN JAPANESE BANTAMS. Symmetry, . Smallness of Size, Condition, . Head, Comb, Ear-lobes and Wattles, Neck, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, . Tail, Legs, . 10 10 8 4 10 6 10 8 10 8 10 6 100 STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 199 BRONZE TURKEYS, DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; white feathers in any part of the plumage; wings clear black or dark brown; color of back, tail, or tail-coverts, clear black, brown or gray; crooked backs; wry tails, or deformity of any kind; adult cocks weigh- ing less than twenty-five pounds; adult hens less than sixteen pounds. THE COCK. Head: Rich red long, broad, and carunculated : — Beak, strong, curved and well set in the head, — color, light horn at the tip and dark at the base: — Face and jaws, rich red: — Eyes, dark hazel, bright and clear. Wattle: Rich red, large, and pendant. Neck: Long, curving, and slanting to the tail, — color ot plumage, a rich, lustrous, bronzy hue. Back: Somewhat curving, and rising from the neck to the centre, and then descending in a graceful curve to the tail, — color of plumage, a brilliant bronzy hue, which glistens in the sunlight like bui-nished gold, each feather terminating in a nar. row black band, which extends across the end. Breast and Body: Breast, broad and full, — color of plum- age, dark bronze, with a lustre assimilating to that of bur- nished gold, when seen in the sunlight: — Body, long, deep through the centre, handsomely and nicely rounded, the hinder part well supplied with short fluff; — color of plumage, black. beaMifuUy shaded with bronze, but not so decided or so rich as that of the breast. 200 THE AUEBICAN Wings: Large and powerful, — primaries, black or dark brown, penciled across with bars of white or gray, the more even and regular the better; — secondaries, black or dark brown, evenly and regularly penciled across with bars of white or gray, the colors changing to a bronzy-brown as the centre of the back is approached, with but little admixture of white ; — an edging of white on primaries or secondaries very objection- able: — ^Wing-bows, black, with a brilliant bronzy or greenish lustre: — ^Wing-coverts, beautiful, rich bronze, the feathers ter- minating in a wide black band, making a broad bronzy band across the wings when folded, and divided from the primaries by a glossy, black, ribbon-like mark, formed by the ends of the coverts. Tail: Black, each feather pencUed irregularly with narrow bauds of light brown, and ending in a broad black band, with a wide edging of dull white or gray: — Tail-coverts, black oi dark brown, each feather irregularly penciled with narrow bands of light brown, ending in a wide black-and-bronze band, extending across the end of the feather, with a wide edging oi dull white or gray, — the more distinct the colors, throughout the whole plumage, the better. Legs: Thighs, long and stout, — ^plumage, somewhat like that of the breast, but neither so decided or so rich in color: — Shanks, large, long, and strong, — ^in young birds, dark, ap- proaching black, while in adult birds the color usually changes to a pinkish hue, or flesh color. TS.E HEN. The entire plumage of the hen is similar to that of the cock, except that the colors are not so brilliant or clearly defined, and the edging of the feathers is generally a dull white, or Kray. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 201 POINTS IN BRONZE TURKEYS. Symmetry, . 10 Size aad Weight, 30 Condition, . 10 Head, 5 Wattle, .... . 5 Neck, .... 5 Back, .... . 7 Breast and Body, 10 Wings, .... . 8 TaU 5 Lega, .... . 5 100 202 THE AMERICAN NARRAGAIVSETT TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; huff or slate-culurea feathers in any pari of the plumage; crooked backs; wry tails; deformity of any kind; adult cocks weighing less than twenty- Jive pounds; hens less than fifteen pounds. THE COCK. Head: Rich red, broad, long, and carunculated: — ^Beak, strong, curved, and well set in the head, — color, light horn: — Face and jaws, rich red: — Eyes, clear and bright. Wattle: Rich red, large, and pendant. Neck: Long and curving, — color of plumage, metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black. Back: Somewhat curving, and rising from the neck to the centre, and then descending in a graceful curve to the taU, — color of plumage, metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black. Bkeast and Body: Breast, broad and fuU, — color of plum- age, metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel- gray band, edged with black: — ^Body, long, deep through the centre, and handsomely rounded, — color of plumage, metallic black, each feather endiug in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black, — the hinder part of the body well furnished with soft fluflf. Wings: Large and powerful; — primaries, black or dark brown, penciled across with white or gray bars; the more even and regular the better; — secondaries, markings similar to STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE. 203 those of the primaries, but less distinct, and approaching a light gray on the outside weh:— Wing-bows, metallic black, with considerable bronze lustre when seen in the sunlight:— AVing-coverts, brown, approaching black on the Inside web, the outside a light gray, terminating in a broad, metallic black band; the wings, when folded, having two distinct ribbon-like bars across them. Tail: Black, irregular, penciled with bars of brown, each feather ending in a broad, black band, edged with light gray, approacMng white: — Tail-coverts, rich, metallic-black, each feather irregularly penciled with narrow bars of light brown or buff, and ending in a broad, light gray band. Legs: Thighs, long and strong, — color of plumage, rich metaUic-black, each feather ending in a broad, light steel-gray band, edged with black: — Shanks, long and strong, and deep salmon or brown in color. THE SEN. The entire plumage of the hen Similar to that of the cock, except that the colors are not so distinct, and the feathers terminate in an edging of lighter gray. POINTS IN NARRAGANSETT TURKEYS. Symmetry, 10 Size and Weight, . 30 Condition, . . ~. 10 Head, ...... . 5 Wattle, 5 Neck, . 5 Back, 7 Breast and Body, ..... . 10 Wings, ....... 8 Tail, . 5 Legs, 5 100 204 THE AMERICAN WHITE TURKEYS, DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; colored feathers in any part of the plumage; legs other than white, pinkish, or flesh- color; adult cocks weighing less than twenty pounds; hens less than twelve pounds; crooked backs; wry tails; deformity of any kind. THE COCK. Head: Bright red, long, and carunculated:— Beak, strong, curved, and well set in the head — color, pinkish or flesh: — Face and jaws, rich red: — Eyes, clear and bright. Wattle : Bright red, large, and pendant. Neck: Long and curving,— color of plumage, pure white. Back: Long, curving, and slanting to the tail,- -color of plumage, pure white throughout. Bkeast and Body: Breast, broad and full,— color of plum- age, pure white:— Body, long and deep, — color of plumage, pure white throughout. Wings: Large and powerful;— primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts, pure white throughout. Tail: White. Legs: Thighs, long and large,— plumage, white:— Shanks, white, pinkish or flesh color, long and strong. THE HEN. The entire plumage of the hen similar to that of the cook. STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE, POINTS IN WHITE T0EKBY8. Symmetry, Size and Weight, Condition, Head, Wattle, Necl£, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, 30S 10 30 10 6 6 5 7 10 8 6 5 100 206 THE AMERICAN BLACK TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; crooked backs; wry tails; dofot'itiity of any kind; false color in any part of the plumage; adult cocks weighing less than twenty pounds ; hens less than twelve pounds. THE COCH. Head: Bright red, long, and caruuculated: — Beak, strong, curved, and well set in the head; — color, dark horn or slaty- black: — Face and jaws, rich red: — Eyes, clear and bright. Wattle : Bright red, large, and pendant. Neck: Long and curving, — color of plumage, deep black. Back: Long and; curving, and descending from the centre of the back to the tail, — color of plumage, rich metallic black throughout. Bkeast and Body: Breast, broad and full, — color of plum- age, rich metallic black: — ^Body, long and deep, — color ot plumage, rich metallic black throughout. Wings: Large, powerful, and folded smoothly agaioBt the sides, — color of plumage, black throughout. Tail: Rich, deep black. Legs: Thighs, long, large, and strong, — plumage, black:— Shanks, long and stout, — color, dark lead or slaty-black. THE IIEIT. The entire plumage of the hen similar to that of the cock. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. POINTS IN BLACK TUKKEYS. Symmetry, Size and Weight, Condition, Head, "Wattle, . Neclc, Back, Breast and Body, Wings, Tail, Legs, • • « > • 207 10 30 10 5 5 5 7 10 8 5 6 100 208 THE AMERICAN BUFF TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matching in the show-pen; adult cocks not weighing twenty pounds; hens not weighing twelve pounds; crooked backs; wry tails; false color of any kind in the plumage. TUB COCK. Head: Bright red, long, and carunculated: — Beak, strong, curved, and well set In the head, — color, bluish-white: — Face and jaws, rich red: — Eyes, (dear and bright. Wattle: Bright red, large, and pendant. Neck: Long and curving, — color of plumage, pure buff. Back: Long and curving, — color of plumage, pure buff throughout, free from mealiness. Breast and Body: Breast, broad and full, — color of plum- age, clear buff: — ^Body, long and deep, — color of plumage, clear buff throughout. Wings: Large, and powerful, — color of plumage, pure buff, free from mealiness. Tail: Pure buff, free from mealiness. Legs: Thighs, long, large and straight, — color, light buff: — Shanks, long and stout, and bluish-white or flesh-color. THE HEIT. The entire plumage of the hen similar to that of the cock. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 209 POINTS IN BUFF TURKEYS. Symmetry, .... . * . .10 Size and Weight, 30 Condition, . 10 Head 5 Wattle, .... . 5 Neol£ 5 Back, .... . 7 Breast and Body, 10 Wings, .... . 8 Tail, .... 5 Legs, .... . 6 100 210 THE AMERICAN SLATE TURKEYS. DISQUALIFICATIONS. Birds not matcMng in the show-pen; false color in any part of the plumage; crooked backs; wry tails; deformity of any kind; adult cocks weighing less than twenty pounds; hens less than twelve pounds. THE COCK. Head: Bright red, long, and carunculated: — Beak, strong, curved, and well set in the head, — color, light, dark blue, or horn: — Face and jaws, rich red: — Eyes, clear and bright. Wattle : Bright red, large, and pendant. Neck: Long and curving, ^2 ll^s. Allowance same as for Light Brahma. BUFF COCHIN. Cock, ... 11 lbs. Hen, ... 9 lbs. Cockerel, . . 9 lbs. Pullet, ... 73^ lbs. Allowance same as for Light Brahmtx. 246 APPENDIX. WHITE COCHIN. Cock, ... 11 lbs. Hen, ... 9 lbs. Cockerel, . . .9 lbs. Pullet, . . . 7>^ lbs. Allowance same as for Light Brahma. BLACK COCHIN. Cock, . . . lOJ^lbs. Hen, . . . 8J^ lbs. Cockerel, . . 8^ lbs. Pullet, . , .7 lbs. Allowance same as for Light Brahma. PLYMOUTH ROCK. Cock, . . . 101^ lbs. Hen, ... 8)^ lbs. Cockerel, . 9 lbs. Pullet, . . 7 lbs. Allowance same as for Light Brahma. GAME BANTAM. Cook, ... 22 ozs. Hen, ... 20 ozs. Cockerel, . . 20 ozs. Pullet, . . .18 ozs. Allowing one-half (>^) point, for every ounce a bird weighs less than above weights, and deducting one-half ()4) point, for every ounce a bird weighs over above weights. BANTAMS OTHER THAN GAME. Cock, ... 26 ozs. Hen, . , 24 ozs. Cockerel, . . 2t ozs. Pullet, ... 22 ozs. Allowance same as for Game Bantams. The above instructions to govern in place of former instruc- tions or suggestions to judges EDMUND S. RALPH, (Sec'y American Poultry Association, Buffalo, N. T. APPENDIX. 247 At an adjourned meeting of the American Poul- try Association, held in Buffalo, February 5th, 1877, the following amendments to the Standard were adopted, viz: WHITE HAMBURGS. Resolved, That that portion of the Standard relating to White Hamburgs, be amended so that the shanks and beak sh.all be flesh color, instead of blue, or leaden blue, as it now reads. GOLDEN SPANGIjED HAMBURGS. Besolved, That that portion of the Standard relating to Golden Spangled Hamburgs, be amended so that the outer webs of primaries and secondaries be golden bay, and the inner webs black, instead of as it now reads. RED FILE GAME. Besolved, That that portion of the Standard relating to Red Pile Games, be amended so that the words " slightly penciled with chestnut red," be inserted after the word "white,'' in de- scription of breast and body. 248 APPENDIX, BANTAMS. Resolved, That the rlisctuallfying weights for all varieties of Bantams be uniform, viz : / ,, Cocks, ... 28 ozs. Gpokerels, . . 24 ozs. Hens, ... 24 ozs. Pullets 22 ozs. The above was adopted after much discussion between breed- ers of Game Bantams and Bantams other than game. FIiYiaOUTH ROOES. Resolved, That the word " station," in the Scale of Points for Plymouth Kocks, should read "back."- BUFF OOOHINS. Resolved, That "vulture hocks," be considered a disqualifies^ tion in Buff Cochins, as it was evidently omitted by mistake. J. T. BIGKNELL, Sec'y American -PouUry Association, Buffalo, N. 7