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Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
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 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074445523 
 
THE CODE OF HAMMURABI 
 KING OF BABYLON 
 
 ABOUT 2250 B.C. , 
 
 C!.0 4\- 'd'Ol^ 
 
 j-" 
 
 irt'" 
 
 1 
 
 AUTOGEAPHED TEXT TRANSLITERATION TRANS 
 LATION GLOSSARY INDEX OF SUBJECTS 
 LISTS OF PROPER NAMES SIGNS NUMERALS 
 CORRECTIONS AND ERASURES WITH MAP 
 FRONTISPIECE AND PHOTOGRAPH OF TEXT 
 
 BY 
 
 KOBERT FRANCIS HAKPEll Ph.D. 
 
 rllOl'lSSflOR OF Till! BUMITIC LANGUAOUH AND LlTHUATUKHH IN TUB UNIVKB8ITV OK 
 OIIICAQO DIBKOTOnOF TUB BAUVIjONIAN SECTION OF TUB OEIENTAL EXPLORATION FUND 
 OF THE UNIVEKSITY OF OIIICAGO MANAGINQ EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN JOURNAL. OF 
 8EMITIC LANGUAGEH AND IjITERATURER FELLOW OF THE ROYAL GEOORAnilCAL SOCIETY 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Chicuijo 
 
 The University of Chicago Press 
 
 Callaghan & Company 
 
 London 
 LuzAG & Company 
 
 1904 
 
tt- 
 
 -t-^t^r 
 
 A 
 
 Copyright, 1904 
 The University of Chicaoo 
 
TO 
 
 MY FHJEND AND FORMER COLLEAGUE 
 
 FRANKLIN P. MALL, M.D. 
 
 DIRECTOR OF THE ANATOMICAL INSTITUTE OF 
 
 THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Fkontispieoe — ffammurabi Receiving the Code from the Sim God 
 
 Preface ix 
 
 Introduction .... 
 Transliteration and Translation 
 Index of Subjects 
 
 List of Proper Names 
 Glossary 
 
 Photooraph of Text 
 Autographed Text 
 List of Signs 
 List of Numerals 
 List of Scribal Errors 
 List of Erasures 
 Map of Babylonia 
 
 XI 
 
 2 
 113 
 143 
 147 
 Facing Plate I 
 Plates I-LXXXII 
 Plates LXXXIII-XCVIII 
 Plate XCIX 
 Plates C, CI 
 Plate CII 
 Plate cm 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In January, 1903, I planned to give a transliteration and a 
 translation of the Code of Hammurabi in the July or October 
 number of The American Journal of Semitic Languages and 
 Literatures. It soon became evident that it would be necessary 
 to make a careful study of the Text of the Code as published in 
 photographic reproduction by Pater Scheil in his excellent com- 
 mentary on the Code. This study led to the autographing of 
 the Text so as to make it available to students. Later, in consul- 
 tation with my brother. President William Rainey Harper, it was 
 decided to make the plan more complete and to publish the 
 results of our studies in two volumes, the first to contain the 
 Autographed Text, Transliteration, Translation, Index of Sub- 
 jects, Lists of Proper Names, Signs, Numerals, Mistakes and 
 Erasures; the second to discuss the Code in its connection with 
 the Mosaic Code. 
 
 A Transliteration and Translation were made before August 
 first, 1903. The Autographed Text was published in the October 
 number (1903) of AJSL. The Lists of Signs, Numerals, Mis- 
 takes and Erasures were made ready in October and the first 
 week of November and were printed in the January number 
 (1904) of AJSL. Since August few changes have been made 
 in the Translation. The Transliteration, however, has under- 
 gone many minor changes. Both were in final proofs when I 
 received MuUer's Die Gesetze Hammurahis on December twenty- 
 ninth, 1903, and Kohler and Peiser's Hammurabi's Gesetz on 
 January twelfth, 1904. I have accepted one reading from 
 Mtiller in § 47, and I have added from Kohler-Peiser in a foot- 
 note their transliteration of the difficult passage in the Epilogue, 
 41, 103-104. I have made good use of the excellent translations 
 of Winckler, and of my friend. Rev. C. H. W. Johns, of Queens 
 College, Cambridge. The latter also sent me some of his 
 unpublished notes, which have been helpful in places. The 
 
X Preface 
 
 scholarly monographs of J. Jeremias and Oettli liave l)eeii of 
 service to me. 
 
 I am under obligations to Professor Christopher Johnston, of 
 Johns Hopkins University, for several suggestions as to the 
 translation, a typeveritten copy of which he kindly read; to my 
 colleague in the University, Professor Ira Munrice Price, for 
 reading proofs of the first forty plates of the Autographed Text; 
 and to my pupil, Mr. R. B. McSwain, who has rendered me 
 valuable assistance in many ways. I am specially indebted to 
 my pupil, Mr. A. H. Godbey, Fellow in Semitics in the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago, for autographing under my direction the Text 
 and Lists and for the pre[)aratioii of the Index of Subjects; and 
 to Dr. William Muss-Arnolt for reading a proof of the Trans- 
 literation, Translation, and Glossary. 
 
 The Tables of Money and Measures in the Index are based on 
 the article, "Babylonia," in Hastings' BibUail DictioiKiri/. 
 
 It is hoped that Part II will appear in September or October, 
 1904. 
 
 To my friend and former colleague in the University of Chi- 
 cago, Professor Praidilin P. Mall, M.D., Director of the Ana- 
 tomical Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, I have the 
 honor to dedicate this volume. 
 
 Robert Francis Harper. 
 
 Haskell Oriental Museum, 
 
 The University ot Chicago, 
 
 February the first, 1904. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Monument on which the Code of (Jammurabi is engraved 
 was found in December, 1901, and January, 1902, on the acropolis 
 of Susa by an Expedition sent out by the French Government 
 under the Director General, M. de Morgan. It is a block of black 
 diorite, nearly eight feet high, broken into three pieces which 
 were easily re-joined. Another fragment was found which does 
 not belong to this Monument, but which contains a text corre- 
 sponding to Column 41, 72-80, and this leads to the conclusion 
 that another copy of this famous Code existed in Susa. Oh the 
 Obverse we have a bas-relief (see Frontispiece) exhibiting King 
 Hammurabi receiving the laws from the Sun God, to which the 
 story of Moses receiving the Ten Words from Yahweh corresponds. 
 Under this relief are engraved sixteen columns of text, four and 
 one-half of which form the Prologue. There were originally 
 five more columns on the Obverse, but these have been cut off by 
 the Elamitic conqueror. On the Reverse, there are twenty-eight 
 columns, the last five of which form the Epilogue. There are 
 many reasons for believing that this Code of Laws was published 
 in many places. We may accept the opinion of Scheil and 
 Winckler that the copy found at Susa may have been taken as 
 plunder by Sutruk-Nahunte (about 1100 B. C.) and brought to 
 his 'Elamitic capital. We have fragments of later copies on 
 tablets and these have enabled me to restore the text in one or 
 two places. These later fragments, with transliteration and 
 translation, will form one of the Appendices to Part II. 
 
 'Q.ammurabi, identified by most Assyriologists with the Amra- 
 phel of Genesis 14, 1, was the sixth king of the First Dynasty of 
 Babylon and reigned for fifty-five years, about 2250 B. C. We 
 have a good account of his life and deeds in the Letters which 
 he wrote to Sin-idinnam and in The Chronicle of the Kings of 
 Babylon, both of which have been edited with great care by Mr. 
 L. W. King. From the Prologue and Epilogue we learn that he 
 
xii Intboduction 
 
 was a great soldier and a pious, god-fearing king, who destroyed 
 all his enemies to the North and South, and made his people to 
 dwell in peace and security. He codified the existing laws that 
 the strong might not oppress the weak, that they should give 
 justice to the orphan and widow, and for the righting of wrong. 
 He rebuilt cities and canals, he restored temples and endowed 
 them with means for sacrifices, he re-established cults, he reunited 
 his people. 
 
 Society in the time of Hammurabi consisted legally of the 
 following classes: 1) the awllum, 2) the muskfinum, and 
 3) the wardum-amtum, and their rights and privileges were 
 clearly defined. The first, awilum, included the house-holders, 
 property owners, the wealthy and upper classes. Awllum has 
 been translated by man or person. In a few places, it is almost 
 necessary to translate gentleman as over against freeman. The 
 second, muskSnum, has been variously translated, pauper 
 poor man, serf, retainer, etc. The etymology of the word goes 
 to show that the muikfinum was poor. He could, however, 
 hold property and slaves. He was free. He held a position 
 half-way between the awllum, upper class man, and the 
 wardum-amtum, slave. I have used the term freeman. The 
 third class, wardum-amtum, consisted of male and female 
 slaves. There was also a class of public servants which received 
 subsidies from the government. It is difficult to determine the 
 exact duties of these officers. I have translated officer (recruit- 
 ing officer), constable (military messenger, police officer), and 
 taxgatherer (one in the public service). (Compare the Index 
 of Subjects.) The position of women, which was a high one 
 legally, of concubines, devotees, etc., will be discussed in Part II. 
 
 The Text as presented in Plates I-LXXXII has been recon- 
 structed and edited from the photographs published by Scheil in 
 Tome IV, Textes ^lamites-Sdmitiqiies of the Mimoires de la 
 D6l6gation en Perse (Paris, Leroux, 1902), It was printed in the 
 October (1903) number of The American Journal of Semitic 
 Languages and Literatures. Since then Ungnad's excellent 
 article, " Zur Syntax der Gesetze Uammurabis," has appeared in 
 the Zeitschrift far Assyriologie, November, 1903 (Vol. XVII, 4), 
 and I have accepted and incorporated into my text the following 
 
Inteoduotion xiii 
 
 readings: summa instead of assum, which had been restored 
 by all in 6, 18, and this has led me to divide this section into 
 two; it-te-[ip-ti], 15, 14, instead of it-te-[ip-tu-u]; . na- 
 ak-ka-a[m-m]a instead of na-ak-ka-p[u-u], 37, 53; and 
 mu-sa-zi-kam a ir-si-a, 40, 92, instead of MU.SA.ZI.KAR. 
 IR.Sl.A. In the transliteration and translation, I have also 
 accepted Wincklcr's reading [nu-r]a-ani, 40, 21, for [u-s|i- 
 am which stands in my text. To edit a text from a photograph 
 is a very dilferent task from editing an original copy. No one 
 can appreciate this more keenly than I. In fact, I am of opinion 
 that an edition of an Assyrian or Babylonian text which is to be 
 final must go back to the originals. Hence there may be room 
 for difference of opinion in regard to many small wedges which 
 are not essential to any form of the Signs in which they are 
 fomid. Some restorations have been attempted, and in these 
 I have for the most part followed Scheil. I have, however, 
 b6en obliged to differ from him in some places. Only such 
 restorations were made as seemed to me to be fairly certain. 
 Others, which were less certain, have been put in the Trans- 
 literation. 
 
 In the Transliteration I have used the mimation with the 
 ideograms following the forms which have a syllabic spelling. 
 In many places I have distinguished k from k where no such 
 distinction is made in the Text. Again, in mauy places, I have 
 preferred to retain the k, where k might have been used with 
 accuracy. My readings in all these places are indicated in the 
 Glossary, 
 
 The Translation which is placed opposite the Transliteration 
 is rather literal. In most cases, the Babylonian idiom has been 
 retained in the English, e. g.: to take a wife, to set one's face, to 
 cast one's eyes upon, etc. In other cases, I have not hesitated 
 to change the form of expression for the sake of clearness. An 
 effort was made to avoid technical and legal language. 
 
 The Index to Subjects was made very complete to enable the 
 reader to consult the Code with the greatest ease. In fact, it 
 may be used as a commentary to the Code. 
 
 The Glossary has been arranged alphabetically. Under A, arc 
 placed all words ' beginning with a, e, i, o, v, and lo. With the 
 
xiv Introduction 
 
 exception of a few words, «. </., sunima, In, ul, ina, ana, 
 awilum, etc., it has been my aim to register every occurrence 
 of every form found in the Code. 
 
 The List of Signs and Numerals was finished about November 
 first, 1903, before the appearance of Ungnad's article, "Zur 
 Syntax der Gesetze !5ammurabis," in the November (XVII, 
 4) number of ZA. The values of No. 84, ku, kum, kum (c/. 
 Jensen, KB, III, pp. Ill, 113 and Hunger, Beoherwahrsagiituj 
 hei den Babyloniern, -p. l),'No. 131, sa, za, No. 148, ud, ut, 
 tarn, No. 194, .su, zum (c/. Hunger, p. 7) had already been 
 listed. I have, however, accepted two of Ungnad's suggestions, 
 viz., the reading wardu, instead of ardu, on account of the 
 occurrence of wardutu ; and the substitution of ar for ri in 
 11, 34, of. the List of Scribal Errors. 
 
 The values mas and bar are usually distinguished in the 
 Code, cf. No. 34, and hence the reading E.UL.MAS is to be 
 preferred to E.UL.BAK. For the reading E.Mlg.Mlg instead 
 of E.DUP.DUP, cf. Nos. 65 and 66. Note the two forms of fi 
 listed in No. 121. The sign under No. 121, which has not been 
 explained hitherto, has been made a giimi of No. 148, cf. List of 
 Scribal Errors, 36, 89. In No. 142, SE.ZIK may be read zirn 
 and §A.GAL in No. 150 ukullu. In No. 35 NU.TUR, as is 
 well known, has the value labuttu ; NU.IS.SAR has been read 
 amfilu urkii (Delitzsch), zikaru-kirti (Langdon), etc. ; NU. 
 TUK has the value ekutu. These values will be noticed in the 
 Glossary. No. 80 has been read incorrectly hitherto. It occurs 
 twice and has the value s6ru, flesh, 37, 32 and sirn, oracle, 
 43, 27. 
 
 In List II, 180 KA seems too large a number for the last 
 sign. This is the usual reading, but 90 KA would suit the con- 
 text better in the law in which it occurs. Compare §§ 271 and 
 272 : If a man hire oxen, a wagon, and a driver, he shall pay 
 180 KA of grain per day; If a man hire a wagon only, he shall 
 pay 40 KA of grain per day. In § 268, we have : If a man hire 
 an ox to thresh, 20 KA of grain is its hire. 
 
 Lists III and IV are of necessity incomplete. One could 
 easily be tempted to add other examples to those listed. The 
 reading ub-tab-[bi]-it instead of ufe- tab-da in two places 
 
InTKODUOTION XV 
 
 may not commend itself. I am aware that in 38, 82, gu-u is 
 usually read for AMAT = gu, and that lu in 13, 62 (la il- 
 lu-u) is retained. In 32, 80, ba is an unfinished zu. In List 
 IV only the most important erasures have been given. The first 
 column shows what was written originally, the second the sign 
 as corrected, and the third the sign intended. 
 
TRANSLITERATION AND 
 TRANSLATION 
 
PROLOGUE. 
 
 TRANSLITERATION. 
 
 COLUMN I. 
 
 1 (N)i-nu ilum ''si-ru-um | sar ''"A-nun-na-ki- | 
 •'"EN.LIL I be-el sa-me-e 5 u ir-si-tim | sa- 
 i-im I si-ma-at mfttim | a-na ''"Marduk | mfl,r + 
 ri-es-ti-im 10 sa 'i"EN.KI | ""belu^ut | kissat 
 ni-si(g) I i-si-mu-sum | in I-gi-gi 15 u-sar-be- 
 u-su I KA.DINGrlR. RA.KI | sum-su si-ra-am 
 ''ib-bi-u I in ki-ib-ra-tim | u-sa-te-ru-su 20 i-na 
 li-ib-''bi-su | sar-ru-tam dari-tam | sa ki-ma sa- 
 me-e I u ir-si-tim | is-da-sa 25 su-ur-su-da | 
 u-ki-in-*'nu-sum | i-nu-mi-su | JJa-am-mu-ra-bi 
 I ru-ba-am 30 na-'-dam | pa-li-ib ili ''ia-ti | 
 mi-sa-ra-am | i-na ma-tim | a-na su-bi-i-im 
 35 ra-ga-am u si-nam | a-na bu - ul-lu-''ki-im | 
 dan-nu-um | en-sa-am | a-na la ba-ba-''li-im 
 40 ki-ma ''"Samas | a-na SAG. GIG | wa-si- 
 e-im-ma | ma-tim | nu-wu-ri-im 45 ilum | u 
 ii«EN-LIL I a-na si-ir ni-si | tu-ub-bi-im 1 
 su-mi ib-bu-u 50 ^Ja-am-mu-ra-bi | ri-i-a-um \ 
 ni-bi-it | '^"EN.LIL ''a-na-ku | mu-gam-me-ir 
 55 nu-ub-si-im | u tu-ub-di-im | mu-sa-ak-li-il 
 I mi-im-ma sum-su | ana EN.LIL.KI ''Dur-ilu- 
 KI 60 za-ni-nu-um | na-'-du-um | sa E.KUR 
 I sarrum li-i-a-um | mu-te-ir "'"NUN.KI 65 a-na 
 as-ri-su | mu-ub-bi-ib 
 
 COLUMN II. 
 
 1 sulub J6.ZU.AB I ti-i-ib | ki-ib-ra-at | 
 
 ir-bi-tim 5 mu-sar-be zi-ik-ru | KA.DINGIR. 
 
 RA.KI I mu-ti-ib | li-ib-bi 'i"Marduk | be- 
 
 a 
 
PROLOGUE. 
 
 TEANSLATION. 
 
 When the lofty Ann, king of the Anunnnki, and Bel, lord of 
 heiiveii and earth, he who determines the destiny of the land, 
 committed the rule of all mankind to Marduk, the chief son 
 of Ea; when they made him great among the Igigi; when they 
 pronounced the lofty name of Babylon; when they made it 
 famous among the quarters of the world and in its midst estab- 
 lished an everlasting kingdom whose foundations were firm as 
 heaven and earth — at that time, Anu and Bel called me, Ham- 
 murabi, the exalted prince, the worshiper of the gods, to cause 
 justice to prevail in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil, 
 to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak, to go forth like 
 the Sun over the Black Head Race, to enlighten the land and to 
 further the welfare of the people. Hammurabi, the governor 
 named by Bel, am I, who brought about plenty and abundance; 
 who made everything for Nippur and Durilu complete; the 
 exalted supporter of E-kur; the wise king, who restored Eridu to 
 its place; who purified (Col. II) the sanctuary' of E-apsu; who 
 
 1 Or, cult. 
 
4: The Code of B.ammukabi 
 
 li-su 10 sa umi-su | iz-za-zu | a-na Esagila | 
 z6r sar-ru-tim | sa ''"EN.ZU 15 ib-ni-u-su ( 
 mu-na-ab-bi-is | "'" SiS.AB.KI | wa-?is-ru-um 
 I mu-us-te-mi-kum 20 ba-bil begallim | a-na fi. 
 NER.NU.GAL | sar ta-si-im-tim | se-mu 'i" 
 gamas •'dannim | mu-ki-in 25 isid UD.KIB.NUN. 
 KI I mu-sa-al-bi-il | wa-ar-ki-im | gi-gu- 
 ne-e ^ ''"A.A | mu-si-ir 30 bit Ebabbarra | sa ki 
 su-ba-at ''sa-ma-i | karradum ga-mi-il | UD.UNU. 
 KI I mu-ud-di-is Ebabbarra 35 a-na •'"Samai | 
 ri-8i-su I be-lum mu-ba-li-it | UNU.KI | sa- 
 ki-in me-e 40 nu-ub-si-im | n-na ni-si-su | mu- 
 ul-li I ri-es Eanna | mu-gam-me-ir 45 bi-iz- 
 bi-im I a-na ''"Ann | u ''"Nanft | sallil oia- 
 tim I mu-pa-ab-bi-ir 50 ni-si '"sa-ap-ba-tim | 
 sa NI.SI.IN.KI I mu-da-ab-bi-id | nu-ub-si-im 
 I bit fi. GAL. MAS 55 usumgallum iar + alim | ta- 
 li-im I ""ZA.MA(L).MA(L) | mu-sar-si-id | su- 
 ba-at "'"I'NER.KI 60 mu-us-ta-as-bi-ir | me-li- 
 im-mi | fi.ME.TE.UR.SAG | mu-us-te-is-bi | 
 pa-ar-zi ''ra-bu-u-tim 65 sa '^"Nana | pa-ki-id bi- 
 tim I 5JAR.SAG. kalama | bit kisal na-ki-ri | 
 sa nit-ra-ru-su 70 u-sa-ak-'*si-du 
 
 COLUMN III. 
 
 1 ni-is-ma-zu | mu-sa-te-ir | "'"TIG.GAB. 
 A.KI I mu-ra-ab-bi-is 5 mi-im-ma iuin-su | 
 a-na SiD.LAM. | ri-mu-um | ka-at-ru-um | mu- 
 na-ak-ki-ip ''za-i-ri 10 na-ra-am TU.TU | mu-ri- 
 is I *i" Bar-zi-ba.KI | na-'-du-um | la mu- 
 up-pa-''ar-ku-u-um 15 a-na fi.ZI.DA | i-lu 3ar + 
 alim I mu-di igi-gal-im | mu-sa-ad-di-il | me- 
 ri-es-tim 20 sa DIL.BAT.KI | mu-ga-ar-ri-in 
 ••kare I a-na *'"Uras(?) ( ga-as-ri-im | be-lum 
 zi-ma-at 25 ba-at-ti-im | u a-gi-im | sa u-sa- 
 ak-''li-lu-su I e-ri-is-tum | ""MA. MA 30 mu- 
 ki-in I u-zu-ra-tim | sa KiS.KI | mu-di-es- 
 si I ma-ka-li ^el-lu-tim 35 a-na ii"NIN.TU I 
 
Translation 5 
 
 stormed the four quarters of the world; who made the fame of 
 Babylon great; who rejoiced the heart of Marduk, his lord; who 
 daily served in Esagila; of the seed royal, which Sin begat; who 
 filled the city of Ur with plenty; the pious and suppliant one, 
 who brought abundance to E-gis-sir-gal ; the diplomatic king, 
 obedient to the mighty Shamash; who refounded Sippar; who 
 clothed with green the shrines of Malkat; who decorated E-bab- 
 bara, which is like a heavenly dwelling; the warrior, the protector 
 of Larsa; who rebuilt E-babbara for Shamash, his helper; the 
 lord, who gave life to the city of Uruk; who supplied water in 
 abundance to its inhabitants; who raised the turrets of Eanna; 
 who brought riches to Anu and Nana; the divine protector of the 
 land; who collected the scattered people of Nisin; who supplied 
 E-gal-mah with luxurious abundance; the monarch, the city king, 
 the brother of Za-ma-ma; who laid the foundations of the settle- 
 ment of Kish; who surrounded E-te-me-ur-sag with splendor; 
 who constructed the great shrines of Nana; the patron of the 
 temple of Har-sag-kalama, the grave of the enemy; whose help 
 brings victory'* (Col. Ill) ; who extended the limits of Outha; who 
 enlarged Shid-lam in every way; the mighty bull, who gores the 
 enemy; the beloved of Tu-tu; who made the city of Borsippa 
 beautiful;' the exalted one who was untiring for the welfare of 
 Ezida ; the divine city king, wise and intelligent, who extended the 
 settlements of Dilbat ; who stored up grain for the mighty Urash ; 
 the lord adorned with scepter and crown, whom the wise god 
 Ma-ma has clothed with complete power; who defined the confines 
 of Kish; who made sumptuous the splendid banquets in honor 
 of Nin-tu; the wise and perfect one, who determined the pasture 
 
 'i whose help enables one to attain his desire. 
 =' Litornlly, who planted, cnltivated. 
 
The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 mu-us-ta-lum | gi-it-ma-lum | sa-i-im | mi-ri- 
 tim 40 u mn-as-ki-tim | a-na giR.PUK.LA.KI | 
 u GrIE.su. KI I mu-ki-il | ni-in-da-bi-e 45 ra- 
 bu-tim I a-ii'a £.L | mu-tam-me-ib a-a-bi | mi- 
 gi-ir I te-li-tim 50 mu-sa-ak-li-il | te-ri-tim 
 ( sa SA.RI.UNU.KI | mu-ha-ad-di | li-ib-bi 
 GIS.DAR 55 ru-bu-um el-lum | sa ni-is ga-ti- 
 su I ''"Adad i-du-u | mu-ne-ib | li-ib-bi 
 ii»Adad 60 ku-ra-di-im | i-na "'"IM.KI | mu- 
 us-ta-ak-'»ki-in | zi-ma-tim | i-na E.UD.GAL. 
 GrAL 65 sarrum na-di-in | na-l)i-is- tim | a-na 
 UD.NUN.KI I a-se-ir | bit E.MAg 70 e-te-el 
 sar + alim | ga-ba-al | la ma-ba-ri-im 
 
 COLUMN IV. 
 
 1 su i-ki-su I na-ab-sa-tam | a-na "'"''MAS. 
 KAN.PA.AL.KI | mu-se-es-ki 5 nu-ub-si-im | 
 a-na SID. LAM | im-kum | mu-tab-bi-lum | su 
 ik-su-du 10 na-ga-ab ur-si-im | mu-us-pa-az-zi- 
 ir I ni-si MAL. AL.^'KA. A.KI | in ka-ra-si-im 
 
 1 mu-sar-si-du 15 su-ba-ti-si-in | in nu-ub-si- 
 in(=iiii) I a-na ""EN.KI | u ""DAM. GAL. NUN. 
 NA I mu-sar-bu-u 20 sar-ru-ti-su | d&ri-is i-si- 
 mu I zi-bi el-lu-tim | a-sa-ri-id ''sar-j-alim | 
 mu-ka-an-ni-is 25 da-ad-mi | "'"^" UD.KIB . NUN. 
 NA I sal-tum ""Da-gan | ba-ni-su | su ig-mi-lu 
 30 ni-si ME.RA.KI | u TU.TU.UL.KI | ru-bu-um 
 I na-'-du-um | mu-na-wi-ir 35 pa-ni ""Nanft | 
 sa-ki-in ma-ka-li ''el-lu-tim | a-na ''"NIN.A.ZU | 
 sa-ti-ib ni-si-svi | in pu-us-ki-im 40 mu-ki-in-nu 
 I is-ki-si-im | kir-bu-um | KA.DINGIR.RA. 
 KI I su-ul-ma-ni-is 45 re'i ni-si(g) | sa ip-se- 
 tu-su I e-li GiS.DAR ta-ba | mu-ki-in-ni GiS. 
 DAR I i-na fi.UL.MAS 50 kir-bu-um | A.GA. 
 NE.KI I ri-bi-tim | mu-se-bi ki-na-tim | mu- 
 su-se-ir ''am-mi 55 mu-te-ir | lamassi-su | da- 
 mi-ik-tim | a-na "'" A.USAR.KI | mu-se-ib-bi 
 ''na-bi-bi 60 sarrum sa i-na ''Ni-nu-a.KI I i-na 
 
Translation 7 
 
 and watering places for Shir-pur-Ia (Lagash) and Girsu; who 
 provided large sacrifices for the Temple of Fifty; who seizes the 
 enemy; the favorite of the exalted god (oracle); who put into 
 execution the laws of Aleppo; who makes joyful the heart of 
 Anunit; the illustrious prince, the lifting up of whose hands Adad 
 recognizes; who pacifies the heart of Adad, the warrior, in Karkar ; 
 who re-established the appointments in E-ud-gal-gal ; the king who 
 gave life to Ud-nun-ki; the benefactor of the temple E-mah; the 
 lordly city king; the soldier who has no equal; (Col. IV) who pre- 
 sented life to the city of Mashkan-shabri ; who poured out abun- 
 dance over Shid-lam ; the wise governor, who captured the bandit 
 caves ( ?), who provided a hiding-place for the people of Malka in 
 their misfortune ; who founded dwelling-places for them in plenty ; 
 who determined for all time the splendid sacrifices for Ea and 
 Dam-gal-nunna, who had extended his dominion ; the city king first 
 in rank; who subdued the settlements along the Euphrates; the 
 warrior of Dagan, his creator; who protected the people of Mera 
 and Tutul; the exalted prince, who makes the face of Nana to 
 shine; who established splendid banquets for Nin-a-zu; who 
 helps his people in time of need; who establishes in security 
 their property in Babylon; the governor of the people, the ser- 
 vant, whose deeds are pleasing to Anunit; who installed Anunit 
 in E-ul-mash in Agane broad way; who made justice prevail and 
 who ruled the race with right; who returned to Ashur its gracious 
 protecting deity; who made the rising sun ( ?) to shine brilliantly; 
 the king who made the name of Nana glorious in E-mish-mish in 
 
8 The Code of 5ammukabi 
 
 E.MlS.MiS I u-su-bi-u | me-e 'i"Nana | na-'- 
 du-um 65 mu-us-te-mi-kum | a-na ilani rabuti | 
 li-ib-li-ib-bi | sa Su-mu-la-ilu mar + dannim 70 sa 
 *i"Sin-^mu-ba-li-it 
 
 COLUMN V. 
 
 1 zSr + darft-um | sa lar-ru-tim | sarrum dan- 
 num I ""Samas 5 KA.DINGIK.RA.KI | mu- 
 se-zi nu-ri-im | a-na ma-at | Su-me-er-im | u 
 Ak-ka-di-im 10 iarrum mu-us-te-^es-mi | ki-ib-ra- 
 at I ar-ba-im | mi-gi-ir ""Nana ''a-na-ku | i-nu- 
 ma 15 '^"Marduk | a-na su-te-su-ur ''ni-si | 
 matim u-si-im | su-bu-zi-im | n-we-e-ra-an-ni 
 20 ki-it-tam | u mi-ia-ra-am i-na pi ma-tim | 
 ai-ku-un I si-ir ni-si ''u-ti-ib 25 i-nu-mi-iu 
 
Translation 9 
 
 Nineveh: the exalted one, who makes supplication to the great 
 gods; the descendant of Sumulailu, the powerful son of Sinmu- 
 ballit (Col. V), the ancient seed of royalty, the powerful king, 
 the Sun of Babylon, who caused light to go forth over the lands 
 of Sumer and Akkad; the king, who caused the four quarters of 
 the world to render obedience; the favorite of Nana, am I. When 
 Marduk sent me to rule the people and to bring help to the 
 country, I established law and justice in the land and promoted 
 the welfare of the people. 
 
THE CODE OF HAMMURABI. 
 
 TRANSLITERATION. 
 
 § 1 — V, 26-32. 
 
 26 sum-ma a-wi-lum ''a-wi-Iam 27 u-ub-bi-ir-ma 
 28 ne-ir-tam e-li-su 29 id-di-ma 30 la nk-ti-in-su 
 31 mu-ub-bi-ir-su 32 id-da-ak 
 
 § 2.— V, 33-56. 
 
 38 sum-ma a-wi-lum 34 ki-is-bi 35 e-li a-wi- 
 ■^lim ''id-di-ma 36 la uk-ti-in-su 37 sa e-li-su 38 
 ki-is-bu na-du-u 39 a-na "'"Narim 40 i-il-la-ak 41 
 '1" Naram i-sa-al-^'li-a-am-ma 42 sum-ma ''" Narum 
 43 ik-ta-sa-zu 44 mu-ub-bi-ir-su 45 bl-zu i-tab- 
 ba-al 46 sum-ma a-wi-lam ''su-a-ti 47 '^"Nftrum 48 
 u-te-ib-bi-*'ba-as-su-ma 49 is-ta-al-ma-am 50 sa 
 e-li-su 51 ki-is-bi id-du-u 52 id-da-ak 53 sa "" 
 Naram 54 is-li-a-am 55 bit mu-ub-bi-ri-su 56 
 i-tab-ba-al 
 
 § 3.— V, 57-67. 
 
 57 sum-ma a-wi-lum 58 i-na di-nim 59 a-na si- 
 
 bu-ut 60 sa-ar-ra-tim 61 u-zi-a-am-ma 62 a-wa-at 
 
 ik-b;i-u 63 la uk-ti-in 64 sum-ma di-nu-um ''su-u 
 
 65 di-in na-bi-is-tim 66 a-wi-lum su-u 67 id-da-ak 
 
 § 4.— V, 68-VI, 5. 
 
 68 sum-ma a-na si-bu-ut VI, 1 se'im u kaspim 2 
 u-zi-a-am 3 a-ra-an 4 di-nim su-a-ti 5 it-ta-na- 
 as-si 
 
 § 5.— VI, 6-30. 
 
 6 sum-ma da-a-a-nu-um 7 di-nam i-di-in 8 pu- 
 ru-za-am 9 ip-ru-us 10 ku-nu-uk-kam 11 u-se-zi- 
 
 10 
 
THE CODE OF HAMMURABI. 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 --'- §1. 
 
 C If a man bring an accusation against a man, and charge him 
 with a (capital) crime, but cannot prove it, he, the accuser, shall' 
 be put to death. 
 
 §2. 
 C If a man charge a man with sorcery, and cannot prove it, he 
 who is charged with sorcery shall go to the river, into the river 
 he shall throw himself and if the river overcome him, his accuser 
 shall take to himself his house (estate) . If the river show that 
 man to be innocent and he come forth unharmed, he who charged 
 him with sorcery shall be put to death. He who threw himself 
 into the river shall take to himself the house of his accuser. 
 
 §3. 
 
 C If a man, in a case (pending judgment), bear false (threaten- 
 ing) witness, or do not establish the testimony that he has given, 
 if that case be a case involving life, that man shall be put to 
 death. 
 
 §4. 
 C If a man (in a case) bear witness for grain or money (as a 
 bribe), he shall himself bear the penalty imposed in that case. 
 
 §5. 
 C If a judge pronounce a judgment, render a decision, deliver 
 a verdict duly signed and sealed and afterward alter his judg- 
 
 11 
 
12 The Code op Hammurabi 
 
 ib 12 wa-ar-ka-'^nu-um-ma 13 di-in-su i-te-ni 14 
 da-a-a-nam su-a-ti 15 i-na di-in ''i-di-nu Ifi e-ne- 
 im 17 u-ka-an-nu-su-ma 18 ru-gu-um-ma-am 19 sa 
 i-na di-nim ''su-a-ti 20 ib-ba-as-su-u 21 a-dn XII- 
 su 22 i-na-ad-di-in 23 u i-na pu-ub-'^ri-im 24 i-na 
 '?"kuss6 25 da-a-a-nu-ti-iu 26 u-se-it-bu-u-iu-ma 27 
 u-ul i-ta-ar-ma 28 it-ti da-a-a-ni 29 i-na di-nim 
 30 u-ul us-ta( = sa)-ab 
 
 § 6— VI, 31-40. 
 31 sum-ma a-wi-lum 32 SA.GA ilim 33 u 6kal- 
 lim 34 is-ri-ik 35 a-wi-lum su-u 36 id-da-ak 37 
 u sa su-ur-ga-am 38 i-na ga-ti-su 39 im-bu-ru 40 
 id-da-ak 
 
 § 7— VI, 41-56. 
 
 41 sum-ma a-wi-lum 42 lu kaspam 43 lu burft- 
 sam 44 lu wardam lu amtam 45 lu alpam lu immer- 
 am 46 lu imfiram 47 u lu mi-im-ma '•sum-su 48 
 i-na ga-at ''mftr a-wi-lum 49 u lu warad a-wi-lim 
 50 ba-lum si-bi 51 u ri-ik-sa-tim 52 is-ta-am 53 
 u lu a-na ma-sa-ru-tim 54 im-bu-ur 55 a-wi-lum 
 su-u 56 sar-ra-ak id-da-ak 
 
 § 8.— VI, 57-69. 
 57 sum-ma a-wi-lum 58 lu alpam lu immeram 
 ••lu imSram lu sabftm 59 u lu elippam 60 is-ri-ik 
 61 sum-ma sa i-lim 62 sum-ma sa ekallim 63 a- 
 du XXX-su 64 i-na-ad-di-in 65 sum-ma la MAB . 
 EN.KAK 66 a-du X-iu i-ri-a-ab 67 sum-ma sar- 
 ra-''ga-nu-um 68 sa na-da-nim ''la i-su 69 id-da-ak 
 
 § 9.— VI, 70-VII, 47. 
 70 sum-ma a-wi-lum VII, 1 sa mi-im-mu-su ''hai- 
 ku 2 mi-im-ma-su 3 bal-ga-am 4 i-na ga-ti ''a- 
 wi-lim 5 is-sa-ba-at 6 a-wi-lum sa bu-''ul-kum 7 
 i-na ga-ti-su 8 sa-ab-tu 9 na-di-na-nu-um-mi ''id- 
 di-nam 10 ma-bar si-bi-mi 11 a-sa-am 12 ik-ta- 
 bi 13 u be-el bu-ul-''ki-im 14 si-bi mu-di 15 bu- 
 
TeaiJslation 13 
 
 ment, they shall call that judge to account for the alteration 
 of the judgment which he had pronounced, and he shall pay 
 twelve-fold the penalty which was in said judgment; and, in the 
 assembly, they shall expel him from his seat of judgment, and 
 he shall not return, and with the judges in a case he shall not 
 take his seat. 
 
 §6. 
 
 C If a man steal the property of a god (temple) or palace, that 
 man shall be put to death; and he who receives from his hand 
 the stolen (property) shall also be put to death. 
 
 §7. 
 C If a man purchase silver or gold, manservant or maid servant, 
 ox, sheep or ass, or anything else from a man's son, or from a 
 man's servant without witnesses or contracts, or if he receive 
 (the same) in trust, that man shall be put to death as a thief. 
 
 §8. 
 C If a man steal ox or sheep, ass or pig, or boat — if it be from 
 a god (temple) or a palace, he shall restore thirtyfold; if it be 
 from a freeman, he shall render tenfold. If the thief have nothing 
 wherewith to pay he shall be put to death. 
 
 §9. 
 C If a man, who has lost anything, find that which was lost in 
 the possession of (another) man ; and the man in whose posses- 
 sion the lost property is found say : "It was sold to me, I pur- 
 chased it in the presence of witnesses ; " and the owner of the lost 
 property say: "I will bring witnesses to identify my lost prop- 
 erty" : if the purchaser produce the seller who has sold it to him 
 
li The Code of 5ammurabi 
 
 ul-ki-ia-mi 16 lu ub-lam 17 ik-ta-bi 18 ia-a-a- 
 ma-nu-um 19 na-di-in 20 id-di-nu-sum 21 u si-bi 
 22 sa i-na mab -ri-''su-nu 23 i-sa-mu it-ba-lam 21 
 u be-el liu-ul-*'ki- im 25 si-bi mu-di ''Iju-ul -ki -su 
 2G it-ba-lam 27 da-a-a-nu 28 a- wa-a-ti-su-nu 29 
 i-im-ma-ru-ma 30 si-bu sa mab-ri-''su-nu 31 si- 
 mu-nm 32 is-sa-mu 33 u si-bu mu-di 34 bu-ul- 
 ki-im 35 mu-du-zu-nu 36 ma-bar i-lim 37 i-gf>- 
 ab-bu-ma 38 iia-di-na-nu-um 39 sar-ra-ak id-da-ak 
 40 be-el bu-ul-ki-im 41 hu-lu-uk-su 42 i-li-ki 43 
 sa-a-a-ma-nu-um 44 i-na bi-it 45 na-di-na-nim 46 
 kaspam is-ku-lu 47 i-li-ki 
 
 § 10.— VII, 48-61. 
 
 48 sum-ma sa-a-a-''ma-nu-um 49 na-di-in 50 id- 
 di-nu-sum 51 u si-bi sa i-na ''mab-ri-su-nu 52 i-sa- 
 mu 53 la it-ba-lam 54 be-el bu-ul-^'ki-im-ma 55 
 si-bi mu-di 56 bu-ul-ki-su ''it-ba-lam 57 sa-a-a- 
 ma-nu-um 58 sar-ra-ak id-da-ak 59 be-el bn-wl-lji- 
 im 60 bu-lu-uk-su 61 i-li-ki 
 
 § 11.— VII, 62-VIII, 3. 
 
 62 sum-ma be-el ''bu-ul-ki-im 63 si-bi mu-di 64 
 bu-ul-ki-su 65 la it-ba-lam VIII, 1 .sa-ar 2 tu- 
 us-sa-am-ma ''id-ki 3 id-da-ak 
 
 § 12.— VIII, 4-13. 
 
 4 sum-ma na-di-''na-nu-um 5 a-na si-iiii-tim 6 
 it-ta-la-ak 7 sa-a-a-ma-nu-um 8 i-na bi-it 9 na- 
 di-na-nim 10 ru-gu-um-me-e 11 di-nim su-a-ti 12 
 a-du V-su 13 i-li-ki 
 
 ^5 13.— VIII, 14-24. 
 
 14 sum-ma a-wi-lum ''su-u 15 si-bu-su ''la kir- 
 bu 16 da-a-a-nu a-da-nam 17 a-na arbim VI •""" 18 
 i-sa-ak-ka-*'nu-sum-ma 19 sum-ma i-na arbim VI ''*"' 
 20 si-bi-su ''la ir-di-a-am 21 a-wi-lum su-u 22 sa- 
 ar 23 a-ra-an di-nim ''su-a-ti 24 ^t-ta-na-as-si 
 
Translation 15 
 
 and the witnesses in whose presence he purchased it, and the 
 owner of the lost property produce witnesses to identify his lost 
 property, the judges shall consider their' evidence. The wit- 
 nesses in whose presence the purchase waa made and the witnesses 
 to identify the lost property shall give their testimony in the 
 presence of god. The seller shall be put to death as a thief; 
 the owner of the lost property shall recover his loss ; the pur- 
 chaser shall recover from the estate of the seller the money which 
 he paid out. 
 
 CL If the purchaser do not produce the seller who sold it to 
 him, and the witnesses in whose presence he purchased it (and) 
 if the owner of the lost property produce witnesses to identify 
 his lost property, the purchaser shall be put to death as a thief ; 
 the owner of the lost property shall recover his loss. 
 
 §11. 
 C If the owner (claimant) of the lost property do^ot produce 
 witnesses to identify his lost property, he has attempted fraud (has 
 lied) , he has stirred up strife (calumny), he shall be put to death. 
 
 §12. 
 C If the seller have gone to (his) fate (t. e., have died) , the pur- 
 chaser shall recover damages in said case fivefold from the 
 estate of the seller. 
 
 §13. 
 
 C If the witnesses of that man be not at hand, the judges shall 
 declare a postponement for six months; and if he do not bring 
 in his witnesses within the six months, that man has attempted 
 fraud, he shall himself bear the penalty imposed in that case. 
 
16 The Code of 5ammueabi 
 
 § 14.— VIII, 25-29. \ . 
 
 25 sum-ma a-wi-him 26 m&r a-wi-lim 27 si-ib- 
 ra-am 28 is-ta-ri-ik 29 id-da-ak 
 
 § 15.— VIII, 30-36. 
 30 sum-ma a-wi-lum 31 lu warad fikallim 32 lu 
 amat fekallim 33 lu warad MAS.EN.KAK 34 lu 
 amat MAS.EN.KAK 35 abullam us-te-zi 36 id-da-ak 
 
 § 16.— VIII, 37-48. 
 
 37 sum-ma a-wi-lum 38 lu wardam lu amtam 39 
 bal-ga-am. 40 sa fekallim 41 u lu MAg.EN.KAK 
 42 i-na bi-ti-su 43 ir-ta-ki-ma 44 a-na si-si-it 45 
 na-gi-ri-im 46 la us-te-zi-a-am 47 be-el bitim su-u 
 48 id-da-ak \ 
 
 § 17.— VIII, 49-58. 
 
 49 sum-ma a-wi-lum 50 lu wardam lu amtam 51 
 bal-ga-am 52 i-na si-ri-im 53 is-ba-at-ma 54 a-iia 
 be-li-su 55 ir-te-di-a-as-su 56 II sikil kaspim 57 
 be-el wardim 58 i-na-ad-di-is-sum 
 
 § 18.— VIII, 59-67. 
 
 59 sum-ma wardum su-u 60 be-el-su 61 la iz- 
 
 za-kar 62 a-na fikallim 63 i-ri-id-di-su 64 wa-ar- 
 
 ka-zu 65 ip-pa-ar-ra-as-ma 66 a-na be-li-su 67 
 
 u-ta-ar-ru-su 
 
 § 19.— VIII, 68-IX, 4. 
 
 68 sum-Djia wardam 69 su-a-ti 70 i-na bi-ti-su 
 71 ik-ta-la-iu 72 wa-ar-ka wardum IX, 1 i-na ga- 
 ti-su 2 it-ta-as-ba-at 3 a-wi-lum su-u 4 id-da-ak 
 
 § 20.— IX, 5-13. 
 
 5 sum-ma wardum 6 i-na ga-at 7 sa-bi-ta-ni- 
 su 8 ib-ta-li-ik 9 a-wi-lum su-u 10 a-na be-el 
 wardim 11 ni-is i-lim 12 i-za-kar-ma 13 u-ta-as-sar 
 
 § 21.— IX, 14-21. 
 14 sum-ma a-wi-lum 15 bi-tam 16 ip-lu-us ; 17 
 i-na pa-ni 18 bi-il-si-im 19 iu-a-ti 20 i-du-uk- 
 ku-''su-ma 21' i-ba-al-''la-lu-su 
 
Translation 17 
 
 "f- §14. 
 
 C If a man steal a man's son, who is a minor, he shall be put 
 
 to death. 
 
 -7^ §15. 
 
 C If a man aid a male or female slave of the palace, or a male 
 or female slave of a freeman to escape from the city gate, he 
 shall be put to death. 
 
 §16. 
 C If a man harbor in his house a male or female slave who has 
 fled from the palace or from a freeman, and do not bring him 
 (the slave) forth at the call of the commandant, the owner of 
 that house shall be put to death. 
 
 §17. 
 C If a man seize a male or female slave, a fugitive, in the field 
 and bring that (slave) back to his owner, the owner of the slave 
 shall pay him two shekels of silver. 
 
 §18. 
 C If that slave will not name his owner, he shall bring him to 
 the palace and they shall inquire into his antecedents and they 
 shall return him to his owner. 
 
 §19. 
 
 d. If he detain that slave in his house and later the slave be 
 found in his .possession, that man shall be put to death. 
 
 §20. 
 
 C If the slave escape from the hand of his captor, that man 
 shall so declare, in the name of god, to the owner of the slave 
 and shall go free. 
 
 §21. 
 
 C If a man make a breach in a house, they shall put him to 
 death in front of that breach and they shall thrust him therein. 
 
18 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 § 22.— IX, 22-27. 
 
 22 sum-ma a-wi-lum 23 bu-ub-tam 24 i^-bu-ut- 
 ma 25 it-ta-a.s-ba-at 26 a-wi-lum su-u 27 id-da-ak 
 
 §23.— IX, 28-45. % I, 
 
 28 sum-ma ba-ab-''ba-tum 29 la it-ta-as-ba -at 
 30 a-wi-lum -31 ^a-ab-tum 32 mi-im-ma-su 33 
 bal-ga-am 34 ma-lja-ar 35 i-lim 36 u-ba-ar-ma 
 37 alum 38 u ra-bi-a-nu-um 39 la i-na ir-si-''ti- 
 su-nu 40 u pa-di-su-nu 41 bu-ub-tum 42 iU-ba- 
 ab-tu 43 mi-im-ma-su 44 Ijal-ga-am 45 i-ri-a- 
 ab-''bu-sum 
 
 § 24.— IX, 46-50. 
 46 sum-ma na-bi-is-tum 47 alum u ra-bi-'^a-nu- 
 um 48 I ma-na kaspim 49 a-na ni-si-su 50 i-sa- 
 ga-lu 
 
 § 25.— IX, 51-65. 
 
 51 sum-ma i-na bit ''a-wi-lim 52 i-sa-tum 53 in- 
 na-bi-ib-ma 54 a-wi-lum 55 sa a-na bu-ul-''li-im 
 56 il-li-ku 57 a-na nu-ma-at, 58 be-el bitim 59 
 i-in-su is-si-ma 60 nu-ma-at 61 be-el bltim 62 il- 
 te-di ( = ki) 63 a-wi-lum su-u 64 a-na i-sa-tim ''su- 
 a-ti 65 in-na-ad-di 
 
 § 26.— IX, 66-X, 12. 
 
 66 sum -ma lu rid sftbfe 67 u lu bft'irum 68 sa 
 a-na bar-ra-an ''sar-ri-im 69 a-la-ak-su X, 1 ga- 
 bu-u 2 la il-li-ik 3 u lu ■■>>n6iu agram 4 i-gur-ma 5 
 pu-ub-su 6 id-da-ra-ad 7 lu rid sftbfe 8 u lu 
 bft'irum su-u 9 id-da-ak 10 niu-na-ag-gi-''ir-su 
 11 bl-zu 12 i-tab-ba-al 
 
 § 27.— X, 13-29. 
 
 13 sum-ma lu rid sftbS 14 u lu-u ba'irum 15 
 sa i-na dan-na-at 16 sar-ri-im 17 tu-ur-ru 18 wa- 
 ar-[ki]-su 19 ekil-su u kirft-su 20 a-na sa-ni-im 
 21 id-di-nu-ma 22 i-li-ik.su 23 it-ta-la-ak 24 
 
Translation 10 
 
 C If a man practice brigandage and be captured, that man shall 
 be put to death. 
 
 §23. 
 
 C If the brigand be not captured, the man who has been robbed, 
 shall, in the presence of god, make an itemized statement of his 
 loss, and the city and the governor, in whose province and juris- 
 diction the robbery was committed, shall compensate him for 
 whatever was lost. 
 
 §24. 
 
 C If it be a life (that is lost), the city and governor shall pay 
 one mana of silver to his heirs. 
 
 §25. 
 C If a fire break out in a man's, house and a man who goes to 
 extinguish it cast his eye on the furniture of the owner of the 
 house, and take the furniture of the owner of the house, that 
 man shall be thrown into that fire. 
 
 §26. 
 C If either an officer or a constable, who is ordered to go on 
 an errand of the king, do not go but hire a substitute and 
 despatch him in his stead, that officer or constable shall be put 
 to death ; his hired substitute shall take to himself his (the 
 officer's) house. 
 
 §27. 
 C If an officer or a constable, who is in a garrison of the king, be 
 captured, and afterward they give his field and garden to another 
 and he conduct his business — if the former return and arrive 
 
20 . The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 sum-ma it-tu-''ra-am-ma 25 ali-su ''ik-ta-as-dam 2(5 
 ekil-su u kirft-su 27 u-ta-ar-''ru-sum-ma 28 su-ma 
 i-li-ik-su 29 i-il-la-ak 
 
 § 28.— X, 30-40. 
 
 30 sum-ma lu rid sabe 31 u lu-u ba'irum 32 sa 
 i-na dan-na-at 33 sar-ri-im 3-1 tu-ur-ru 35 mftr- 
 su il-kam 36 a-la-kam i-li-i 37 eklnm u kirum 38 
 in-na-ad-di-'*is-sum-ma 89 i-li-[ik] a-bi-su 40 i-il- 
 la-ak 
 
 § 29.— X, 41-50. 
 
 41 sum-ma mar-su 42 si-]ji-ir-ma 43 i-li-ik a-bi- 
 su 44 a-la-kam 45 la i-li-i 40 sa-lu-us-ti ''eklim 
 u kir6m 47 a-na um-mi-su 48 in-na-ad-di-''in-ma 
 49 um-ma-su 50 u-ra-ab-ba-su 
 
 § 30.— X, 51-XI, 4. 
 
 51 sum-ma lu rid sfl,b6 52 u lu ba'irum 53 ekil- 
 su kirft-su ^u bi-zu 54 i-na pa-ni ''il-ki-im 55 id-di- 
 ma 56 ud-da-ab-bi-ir 57 sa-nu-um 58 wa-ar-ki-su 
 59 ekil-su ''kira-su 00 u bl-zu 01 is-ba-at-ma 02 
 sattam III ''*'" 03 i-li-ik-su 04 it-ta-la-ak 05 sum- 
 ma it-tu-''ra-am-ma (iO eiiil-lu kira-su u bl-zu 07 
 i-ir-ri-is 08 u-ul in-na-ad-^'di-is-sum XI, 1 sa is- 
 sa-ab-''tu-ma 2 i-li-ik-su 3 it-ta-al-ku 4 su-ma 
 •'i-il-la-ak 
 
 § 31.— XI, 5-12. 
 
 5 sum-ma sa-at-tam is-ti-a-at-ma 7 ud-da- 
 ab-''bi-ir-ma 8 it-tu-ra-am 9 ekil-su kiru-iu ''u bl- 
 zu 10 .in-na-ad-di-^il-sum-ma 11 su-ma i-li-ik-su 
 12 i-il-la-ak 
 
 § 32.— XI, 13-38. 
 
 13 sum-ma lu rid sabfi 14 u lu ba'iram 15 sa 
 1-na Ijar-ra-an 10 sar-ri-im 17 tu-ur-ru 18 tam- 
 karum ip-tu-^ra-as-su-ma 19 ali-su us-ta-ak-''si-da- 
 as-su 20 sum-ma i-na bi-ti-su 21 la pa-da-ri-im 
 22 i-ba-as-si 23 su-ma ra-ma-an-su 24 i-pa-ad- 
 
Translation 21 
 
 in his city, they shall restore to him his field and garden and he 
 himself shall conduct his business. 
 
 §28. 
 C If an officer or a constable, who is in a fortress of the king, be 
 captured (and) his son be able to conduct the business, they shall 
 give to him the field and garden and he shall conduct the busi- 
 ness of his father. 
 
 §29. 
 
 C If his son be too young and be not able to conduct the business 
 of his father, they shall give one-third of the field and of the 
 garden to his mother, and his mother shall rear him. 
 
 § 30. 
 C If an officer or a constable from the beginning of (or, on 
 account of) (his) business neglect his field, his garden, and his 
 house and leave them uncared for (and) another after him take 
 his field, his garden, and his house, and conduct his business for 
 three years; if the former return and desire (or, would manage) 
 his field, his garden, and his house, they shall not give them to 
 him; he, who has taken (them) and conducted the business shall 
 continue (to do so). 
 
 §31. 
 
 C If he leave (them) uncared for but one year and return, they 
 shall give him his field, his garden, and his house and he himself 
 shall continue his business. 
 
 §32. 
 C If a merchant ransom either an officer or a constable who has 
 been captured on an errand of the king, and enable him to reach 
 his city; if there be sufficient ransom in his house, he shall ran- 
 som himself; if there be not sufficient ransom in his house, in the 
 
22 The Code of Hammueabi 
 
 da-ar 25 sum-ma i-na bi-ti-su 26 sa pa-da-ri-su 
 72 la i-ba-as-si 28 i-na bit ili ali-su 29 ip-pa- 
 ad-dar 30 sum-ma i-na bit 31 ili ali-su 32 sa 
 pa-da-ri-su 33 la i-ba,-as-si 3-4 ekallum i-pa-''ad- 
 da-ri(= ar)-su 35 ekil-su kiru-su 36 u bl-zu 37 
 a-na ip-te-ri-su 38 u-ul in-na-'^ad-di-iu 
 
 § 33— XI, 39-50. 
 39 sum-ma lu PA. PA 40 u lu-u NU.TUR 41 sftb 
 ni-is-lja-tim 42 ir-ta-si 43 u lu a-na barrftn 44 
 sar-ri-im 45 '""^'" agram pu-]ja-am 46 im-hu-ur-ma 
 47 ir-te-di 48 lu PA. PA 49 n lu NU.TUR su-n 
 50 id-da-ak 
 
 § 34.— XI, 51-64. 
 
 51 sum-ma lu PA.PA 52 u lu NU.TUR 53 nu- 
 ma-at rid sabfe ''il-te-ki 54 rid sab6 ili-ta-'^ba-al 55 
 rid sabe a-na ig-ri-im 56 it-ta-di-in 57 rid sflbe 
 i-na di-nim 58 a-na dan-iiim is-ta-ra-ak 59 ki-is- 
 ti sar-ru-um (50 [aj-na rid sftbe id-di-nu 61 il-te- 
 di( = ki) 62 lu PA.PA 63 u lu NU.TUR su-u 64 
 id-da-ak 
 
 § 35.— XI, 65-XII, 4. 
 
 65 sum-ma a-wi-lum 66 LID.GUD.ZUN 67 u 
 .s6n6 68 sa sar-ru-um 69 a-iia rid .sftbe 70 id-di- 
 uu XII, 1 i-na ga-ti rid skh& 2 is-ta-am 3 i-na 
 kaspi-su 4 i-te-el-li 
 
 § 36.— XII, 5-9. 
 
 5 eklu-um kirum "^u bitum 6 sa rid sabfi ba'irim 
 7 , u na-si ''bi-il-tim 8 a-na kaspim 9 u-ul i-na-ad- 
 •'di-in 
 
 § 37.— XII, 10-21. 
 
 10 sum -ma a-wi-lum 11 eklam kiram u bitam 12 
 sa rid sab6 ba'irim 13 u na-si biltim 14 is-ta-am 
 15 dup-pa-su 10 ib-bi-ib-bi 17 u i-na kaspi-su 18 
 i-te-el-li 19 eklum kirum u bItum 20 a-na be-li- 
 su 21 i-ta-ar 
 
Translation 23 
 
 temple of his city he shall be ransomed; if there be not sufficient 
 ransom in the temple of his city, the palace shall ransom him. 
 In no case shall his field or his garden or his house be given 
 for his ransom. 
 
 §33. 
 
 C If a governor or a magistrate take possessior of the men of 
 levy (or, pardon a deserter) or accept and sen i a hired substi- 
 tute on an errand of the king, that governor Ox magistrate shall 
 be put to death. 
 
 § 34. 
 C If a governor or a magistrate take the property of an officer, 
 plunder an officer, let an officer for hire, present, an officer in a 
 judgment to a man of influence, take the gift which the king has 
 given to an officer, that governor or magistrate shall be put to 
 death. ' >, 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ §35. 
 
 C If a man buy/from an officer the cattle or sheep which the 
 king has given to that officer, he shall forfeit his money. 
 
 §36. 
 
 C III no case shall one sell the field or garden or house of an 
 officer, constable or tax-gatherer. 
 
 §37. 
 
 C If a man purchase the field or garden or house of an officer, 
 constable or tax-gatherer, his deed-tablet shall be broken (can- 
 celed) and he shall forfeit his money and he shall return the 
 field, garden or house to its owner. 
 
24 The Code of Hammueabi 
 
 § 38— XII, 22-30. 
 22 rid sab6 ba'irum 23 u nn-si biltim 24 i-iia 
 eklim kirem ''u bitim 25 sa il-ki-su 20 a-na as-sa-ti- 
 su 27 u ma,rti-su 28 u-iil i-sa-'^ad-da-ar 29 u a-na 
 i-il-''ti-su 30 u-ul i-na-''ad-di-iii 
 
 § 39.-XII, 31-38. 
 
 31 i-na eklim kir6m ^u bltim 32 sa i-sa-am-mu- 
 ma 33 i-ra-as-su-u 34 a-na as-sa-ti-su 35 u mftrti- 
 su 36 i-sa-a'd-dar 37 u a-na e-lji-''il-ti-su 38 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 
 
 § 40.— XII, 39-48. 
 
 39 assatum tamkaruni 40 n il-kum a-hu-n-um 41 
 ekil-su kira-sn 42 u bl-zu a-na kaspim 43 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 44 sa-a-a-ma-nu-um 45 i-li-ik eklim 4() 
 kir6m u bltim 47 sa i-sa-am-mu 48 i-il-la-ak 
 
 § 41.— XII, 49-62. 
 
 49 mm-ma a-wi-lum 50 eklam kiram u bitam 51 
 sa rid b\h& bft'irim 52 u na-si bi-il-tim 53 u-bi-ib 
 54 u ni-ip-la-tim 55 id-di-in 56 rid sab6 bft'irum 
 57 u na-si bi-il-tim 58 a-na ekli-su kire-su ''u blti- 
 su 59 i-ta-ar 60 u ni-ip-la-tim 61 sa in-na-ad- 
 ''nu-ium 62 i-tab-ba-al 
 
 § 42.— XII, 63-XIII, 5. 
 
 63 sum-ma a-wi-lum 04 eklam a-na ir-ri-''su-tim 
 65 u-se-si-ma 66 i-na eklim se'am ''la us-tab-si 
 67 i-na eklim si-ip-''ri-im XIII, 1 la e-bi-si-im 2 
 u-ka-an-nu-su-ma 3 se'am ki-ma i-te-su 4 a-na 
 be-el eklim 5 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 43.— XIII, 6-16. 
 
 6 sum-ma ekla-am •'la i-ri-is-ma 7 it-ta-di 8 
 se'am ki-ma i-te-su 9 a-na be-el eklim 10 i-na-ad- 
 di-in 11 u eklam sa id-i'du-u 12 ma-a-a-ri 13 
 i-ma-ab-ba-a.s 14 i-sa-ak-ka-''ak-ma 15 a-na be-el 
 eklim 16 u-ta-ar 
 
Translation 25 
 
 I 
 
 §38. 
 C An officer, constable or tax-gatherer shall not deed to his wife 
 or daughter the field, garden or house, which is his business [i. e., 
 which is his by virtue of his office) , nor shall he assign them for 
 debt. 
 
 §39. 
 
 C He may deed to his wife or daughter the field, garden or 
 house which he has purchased and (hence) possesses, or he may 
 assign them for debt. 
 
 §40. 
 
 C A woman, merchant or other property-holder may sell field, 
 garden or house. The purchaser shall conduct the business of 
 the field, garden or house which he has purchased. 
 
 § 41. 
 
 C If a man have bargained for the field, garden or house of an 
 officer, constable or tax-gatherer and given sureties, the officer, 
 constable or tax-gatherer shall return to his field, garden, or house 
 and he shall take to himself the sureties which were given to him. 
 
 §42. 
 C If a man rent a field for cultivation and do not produce any 
 grain iii the field, they shall call him to account, because he 
 has not performed the work required on the field, and he shall 
 give to the owner of the field grain on the basis of the adjacent 
 (fields). ■ - 
 
 §43. 
 
 C If he dc^ot cultivate the field and neglect it, he shall give 
 to the owner of the field grain on the basis of the adjacent (fields) ; 
 and the field which he has neglected, he shall break up with hoes, 
 he shall harrow and he shall return to the owner of the field. 
 
26 The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 § 44.— XIII, 17-34. 
 17 sum-ma ,a-wi-lum 18 eklam KI.KAL. 19 a-ua 
 sattim Illkam 20 a-na te-ip-ti-tim 21 n-se-si-ma 22 
 a-ajj-su id-di-ma 23 eklam la ip-te-te 24 i-na ri- 
 bu-tim 25 sa-at-tim 26 eklam ma-a-a-ri 27 i-ma- 
 ab-ba-as 28 i-mar-ra-ar 29 u i-sa-ak-''ka-ak-ma 80 
 a-na be-el eklim 31 u-ta-ar 32 u X GAN.E 33 
 X SE.GUR 34 i-ma-ad-da-ad 
 
 § 45.— XIII, 35-46. 
 35 sum-ma a-wi-lum 36 ekil-su a-na biltini 37 
 a-na ir-ri-si-im 38 id-di-in-ma 39 u bilat ekli-su 
 40 im-ta-lja-ar 41 wa-ar-ka eklam 42 ''"Adad ir- 
 ta-bi-is 43 u lu bi-ib-bu-lum 44 it-ba-al 45 bi- 
 ti-ik-tum 46 la ir-ri-si-im-ma 
 
 § 46.— XIII, 47-57. 
 
 47 sum-ma bilat ekli-su 48 la im-ta-bar 49 u 
 
 lu a-na mi-is-''la-ni 50 u lu a-na sa-lu-us 51 eklam 
 
 id-di-in 52 se'am sa i-na eklim 53 ib-ba -as -su-u 
 
 54 ir-ri-sum 55 u be-el eklim 56 a-na ap-si-te-im 
 
 57 i-zu-uz-zu 
 
 § 47.~XIII, 58-70. 
 
 58 sum-ma ir-ri-sum 59 as-sum i-na sa-''at-tim 
 60 mah-ri-tim 61 ma-na-ba-ti-su 62 la il-lu( — 
 ku)-u 63 eklam e-ri-sa-am ^ik-ta-bi 64 be-el eklim 
 65 u-ul u-up-pa-as 66 ir-ri-su-ma 67 ekil-su i-ni- 
 ri-*'is-ma 68 i-na eburim 69 ki-ma ri-ik-^'sa-ti-su 
 70 se'am i-li-ki 
 
 § 48.- XIII, 71-XIV, 17. 
 
 71 sum -ma a-wi-lum 72 bu-bu-ul-lum 73 e-li- 
 su XIV, 1 i-ba-as-si-ma 2 ekil-su 3 ''"Adad 4 ir- 
 ta-bi-i? 5 u lu-u ''bi-ib-bu-lum 6 it-ba-al 7 u 
 lu-u ''i-na la me-e 8 se'um i-na eklim 9 la it-tab-si 
 10 i-na sa-at-tim su-a-ti 11 se'am a-na be-el •'Iju-bu- 
 ul-[li] 12 u-ul u-ta-ar 13 dup-pa-su 14 u-ra-ad-da- 
 ab 15 u si-ib-tam 16 sa sa-at-tim ''su-a-ti 17 u-ul 
 i-na-''ad-di-in 
 
Translation 27 
 
 §44. 
 
 C If a man rent an unreclaimed jfield for three years to develop 
 it, and neglect it and do not develop the field, in the fourth 
 year he shall break up the field with hoes, he shall hoe and har- 
 row it and he shall return it to the owner of the field and 
 shall measure out ten GUR of grain per ten GAN. 
 
 §45. 
 C If a man rent his field to a tenant for crop-rent and receive 
 the crop-rent of his field and later Adad [i. e., the Storm God) 
 inundate the field and carry away the produce, the loss (falls 
 on) the tenant. 
 
 §46. 
 C If he have not received the rent of his field and he have rented 
 the field for either one-half or one-third (of the crop), the tenant 
 and the owner of the field shall divide the grain which is in the 
 field according to agreement. 
 
 §47. 
 
 C If the tenant give the cultivation of the field into the charge 
 of another — because in a former year he has not gained a main- 
 tenance — the owner of the field shall not interfere. He would 
 cultivate it, and his field has been cultivated and at the time of 
 harvest he shall take grain according to his contracts. 
 
 §48. 
 C If a man owe a debt and Adad inundate his field and carry 
 away the produce, or, through lack of water, grain have not grown 
 in the field, in that year he shall not make any return of grain to 
 the creditor, he shall alter his contract-tablet and he shall not 
 pay the interest for that year. 
 
28 The Code of ^Jammueabi 
 
 § 49.— XIV, 18-44. 
 
 18 sum-ma a-wi-lum 19 kaspam it-ti ''tamkarim 
 20 il-ki-ma 21 ekil ip-se-tim 22 sa se'im u lu 
 ^samassammim 23 a-na tamkarim id-di-in 24 eklam 
 e-ri-is-ma 25 se'am u lu-u ''samassammam 2G sa ib- 
 ba-as-su-u 27 e-si-ip ta-ba-al 28 ik-bi-sum 29 
 sum-ma ir-ri-sum 30 i-na eklim se'am 31 u lu 
 
 US-tab-si 33 i-na eburim se'am 
 34- sa i-na eklim ''ib-ba-ns -su - u 
 35 be-el ekli-ma 3t> i-li-ki-ma 37 se'am sa kaspi- 
 su 38 u si-ba-zu 39 sa it-ti tamkarim 40 il-ku-u 
 41 u ma-na-bft-fit 42 i^-ri-si-ini 43 a-na lamkarim 
 44 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 50.— XIV, 45-55. 
 
 45 sum-ma eklam ir-sa-am 46 u lu-u 47 ekil 
 samassammim 48 ir-sa-am id-di-in 49 se'am u 
 samassanimam 50 sa i-na eklim 51 ib-ba-as-su-u 
 52 be-el ekli-ma 53 i-li-ki-ma 54 kaspam u .si-ba- 
 zu 55 a-na tamkarim ''u-ta-ar 
 
 § 51.— XIV, 56-66. 
 5G sum-ma kaspam 57 a-na tu-ur-ri-im 58 la i- 
 su 59 samassammam 60 a-na nia-lji-r,a-''ti-su-nu 61 
 la kaspi-su 62 u si-ib-ti-su 63 sa it-ti tamkarim 
 *'il-ku-u 64 a-na pi si-im-''dn-at ()5 sar-ri-im (>() 
 a-na tamkarim ''i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 52.— XV, 1-6. 
 
 XV, 1 sum-ma ir-ri-sum 2 i-na eklim se-ani 3 
 u lu samassammam 4 la us-tab-si 5 ri-ik-sa-ti-su 
 6 u-ul in-ni 
 
 § 53.— XV, 7-20. 
 
 7 sum-ma a-wi-lum 8 a-na [kari]-su 9 du-[un- 
 nu]-nim 10 a-ab-su [id-di-maj 11 kari-[su] 12 la 
 u-dan-[ni-in-maj 13 i-na kari-[suj 14 bi-tum it-te- 
 [ip-ti] 15 u ugaram '•me-e us-ta-bil 16 a-wi-lum 
 17 sa i-na kari-su 18 bi-tum ib-bi-tu-u 19 se'am 
 sa u-bal-li-ku 20 i-ri-a-ab 
 
Translation 29 
 
 §49. 
 
 C If n man obtain money from a merchant and give (as security) 
 to the merchant a field to be planted with grain and sesame (and) 
 say to him: "Cultivate the field, and harvest and take to thyself 
 the grain and sesame which is produced;" if the tenant raise grain 
 and sesame in the field, at the time of harvest, the owner of the 
 field shall receive the grain and sesame which is in the field and 
 he shall give to the merchant grain for the loan which he had 
 obtained from him and for the interest and for the maintenance 
 of the tenant. 
 
 §50. 
 
 C If he give (as security) a field planted with [grain] or a field 
 planted with sesame, the owner of the field shall receive the grain 
 or the sesame which is in the field and he shall return the loan 
 and its interest to the merchant. 
 
 §51. 
 C If he have not the money to return, he shall give to the mer- 
 chant [grain or] sesame, at their market value according to the 
 scale fixed by the king, for the loan and its interest which he has 
 obtained from the merchant. 
 
 §52. 
 C If the tenant do not secure a crop of grain or sesame in his 
 field, he shall not cancel his contract. 
 c 
 
 §53. 
 
 C If a man neglect to strengthen his dyke and do not strengthen 
 it, and a break be made in his dyke and the water carry away the 
 farm-land, the man in whose dyke the break has been made shall 
 restore the grain which he has damaged. 
 
30 The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 § 54— XV, 21-30. 
 21 sum-ma se'am ri-a-ba-am 22 la i-li-i 23 su- 
 a-ti 24 u bi-sft-su 25 a-nnknspim 2() i-na-ad-di- 
 nu-ma 27 mar + ugar6 28 sa se'i-su-nu 29 inu-u 
 ub-lu 30 i-zu-uz-zu 
 
 § 55— XV, 31-38. 
 
 31 sum-ma a-wi-lum 32 a-tap-pa-su 33 a-na si- 
 ki-tim ip-te 34 a-ab-su id-di-ma 35 ekil i-te-su 
 80 me-e us-ta-bil 37 se'am ki-ma i-te-su 38 i-nia- 
 ad-da-ad 
 
 § 56.— XV, 39-45. 
 
 39 sum-ma a-wi-lum 40 me-e ip-te-ma 41 ip- 
 ie-tim ''sa ekil i-te-su 42 me-e us-ta-bil 43 X 
 aAN.E 44 X SE.GUR 45 i-ma-ad-da-ad 
 
 § 57.— XV, 46-64. 
 
 46 sum-ma rfi'um 47 a-na sa-am-mi 48 s6nS su- 
 ku-lim 49 it-ti be-el eklim 50 la im-ta-gar-nia 51 
 ba-lum be-el eklim 52 eklam s6n6 53 us-ta-ki-il 
 54 be-el eklim ekil-su 55 i-is-si-id 56 r6'um sa 
 i-na ba-lum 57 be-el eklim 58 eklam s6n6 59 u- 
 sa-ki-lu 60 e-li-nu-um-ma 61 X GAN . E 62 XX 
 SE.GUR 63 a-na be-el eklim 64 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 58.-XV, 65-XVI, 3. 
 
 65 sum-ma is-tu ''.senfi 66 i-na ugarim 67 i-te- 
 
 li-a-nim 68 ka - an - nu ''ga ma - ar tim 69 i-na 
 
 abullim 70 it-ta-a^-la-lu 71 r6'um s6n6 72 a-na 
 eklim id-di-ma 73 eklam sene 74 us-ta-ki-il 75 
 
 re'um eklum u-sa-ki-lu 76 i-na-sa-ar-ma 77 i-na 
 
 eburim 78 X GAN.E XVI, 1 LX "gE.GUR 2 a-na 
 be-el eklim 3 i-ma-ad-da-ad 
 
 § 59.— XVI, 4-9. 
 
 4 sum-ma a-wi-lum 5 ba-lum be-el kir6m 6 i- 
 na kire a-wi-lim 7 i-sa-am ik - ki - is 
 kaspim 9 i-sa-kal 
 
Translation 31 
 
 §54. 
 
 C If lie be not able to restore the grain, they shall sell him and 
 his goods, and the farmers whose grain the water has carried 
 away shall share (the results of the sale). 
 
 §55. 
 
 C If fi man open his canal for irrigation and neglect it and the 
 water carry away an adjacent field, he shall measure out grain 
 on the basis of the adjacent fields. 
 
 §56. 
 
 C If a man open up the water and the water carry away the 
 improvements of an adjacent field, he shall measure out ten GUR 
 of grain per GAN. 
 
 §57. 
 
 C If a shepherd have not come to an agreement with the owner 
 of a field to pasture his sheep on the grass; and if he pasture 
 his sheep on the field without the consent of the owner, the 
 owner of the field shall harvest his field, and the shepherd who 
 has pastured his sheep on the field without the consent of the 
 owner of the field shall give over and above twenty GUR of 
 grain per ten GAN to the owner of the field. 
 
 §58. 
 
 C If, after the sheep have gone up from the meadow aiad have 
 crowded their way out ( ?) of the gate into the public common, 
 the shepherd turn the sheep into the field, and pasture the 
 sheep on the field, the shepherd shall oversee the field on which 
 he pastures and at the time of harvest he shall measure out sixty 
 GUR of grain per ten GAN to the owner of the field. 
 
 §59. 
 C If a man cut down a tree in a man's orchard, without the 
 consent of the owner of the orchard, he shall pay one-half mana 
 of silver. 
 
32 The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 S 60.— XVI, 10-26. 
 10 sum-ma a-wi-lum 11 eklam a-nn kir6m ''za-ga- 
 bi-im 12 a-iia NU.kir6m ""id-di-in 13 NU. kirflm 
 14 kirftm iz-ku-np 15 sattam IV'""" 10 kiram u - 
 ra-ab-ba 17 i-na ba-mu-us-tim 18 sa - at - tim 19 
 be-el kirfim 20 u NU.kirum 21 mi-it-ha-ri-is 22 
 i-zu-zu 23 be-el kirem 24 zitti-su 25 i-na-za-ak- 
 ma 20 i-li-ki 
 
 § 81.— XVI, 27-33. 
 
 27 stim-ma NU.kirum 28 eklam i-na za-ga-bi- 
 im 29 la ig-mur-ma 30 ni-di-tam i-zi-ib 31 ui- 
 di-tam 32 a-na li-ib-bi ''zitti-su 33 i-sa-ka-nu-sum 
 
 § 62.— XVI, 34-47. 
 
 34 sum -ma eklam 35 sa in-na-ad-nu-sum 30 a- 
 na kirSm ''la iz-ku-up 37 sum-ma absfenum 38 bilat 
 eklim 39 sa sa-na-tim 40 sa in-na-du-u 41 NU. 
 kirum 42 a-na be-el eklim 43 ki-ma i-te-su 44 i- 
 ma- ad -da -ad 45 u eklam li-ip-ra-am 40 i-ib-bi- 
 es-ma 47 a-na be-el eklim ''u-ta-a-ar 
 
 5? 63.— XVI, 48-57. 
 
 48 sum -ma eklam KI . KAL 49 eklam si-ip-ra- 
 am 50 i-ib-bi -es-ma 51 eklu( = a-na) be-el eklim 
 52 u-ta-a-ar 53 u X GAN.E 54 X SE.GUR 55 
 sa sa-at-tim 50 is-ti-a-at 57 i-ma-ad-da-ad 
 
 § 64.— XVI, 58-70. 
 58 sum -ma a-wi-lum 59 kira-sii 00 a-na NU. 
 kir6m 01 a-na ru-ku-bi-im 02 id-di-in 03 NU. 
 kirum 04 a-di kirum sa-ab-tu 05 i-na bi-la-at 
 kirfim 00 si-it-ti-in 07 a-na be-el kirfem 08 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 09 sa-lu-us-tam 70 su-u i-li-ki 
 
 § 65.— XVI, 71-77. 
 
 71 sum -ma NU. kirum 72 kirftm la u-ra-''ak-ki- 
 ib-ma 73 bi-il-tam um-ta-di 74 NU.kirum 75 bi- 
 la-at kir6m 70 a-na i-te-su 77 [i-ma-ad-da-ad]. 
 [Five columns, §§ 66-99, have been out off the stone.] 
 
Translation 33 
 
 §60. 
 
 C If a man give a field to a gardener to plant as an orchard and 
 the gardener plant the orchard and care for the orchard four 
 years, in the fifth year the owner of the orchard and the gardener 
 shall share equally; the owner of the orchard shall mark off his 
 portion and take it. 
 
 §61. 
 
 C If the gardener do. not plant the whole field, but leave a ^ 
 space waste, they shall assign the waste space to his portion. 
 
 §62. 
 
 C If he do not plant as an orchard the field which was given 
 to him, if corn be the produce of the field, for the years during 
 which it has been neglected, the gardener shall measure out to 
 the owner of the field (such produce) on the basis of the adjacent 
 fields, and he shall perform the required work on the field and he 
 shall restore it to the owner of the field. 
 
 §63. 
 
 C If the field be unreclaimed, he shall perform the required work 
 on the field and he shall restore it to the owner of the field and 
 he shall measure out ten GUR of grain per ten GAN for each 
 year. 
 
 §64. 
 
 C If a man give his orchard to a gardener to manage, the gar- 
 dener shall give to the owner of the orchard two-thirds of the 
 produce of the orchard, as long as he is in possession of the 
 orchard: he himself shall take one-third. 
 
 §65. 
 
 C If the gardener do not properly manage the orchard and he 
 diminish the produce, the gardener shall measure out the produce 
 of the orchard on the basis of the adjacent orchards. 
 
34 The Code of ^Jammueabi 
 
 § 100.— XVII, 1-7. 
 
 XVII, 1 si-ba-a-at knspim 2 ma-la il- 
 
 ku-u 3 i-sa-ad-dar-ma 4 umi-lu 5 i-ma-an-nu-''u- 
 ma tamkari-iu 7 i-ip-pa-al 
 
 § 101.— XVII, 8-14. 
 
 8 sum-ma a-sar ''il-li-ku 9 iie-me-lam 10 la i-ta- 
 mar 11 kaspam il-ku-u 12 us-ta-sa-na-ma 13 samal- 
 lum a-na tamkarim 14 i-na,-ad-di-in 
 
 S 102.— XVII, 15-23. 
 15 sum-ma tamkarum 16 a-na samalllm 17 kas- 
 pam a-na ta-ad-''mi-ik-tim 18 it-tu-di-''in-ma 19 a- 
 sar il-li-ku 20 bi-ti-ik-tam 21 i-ta-mar 22 ga-ga- 
 ad kaspim 23 a-na tamkarim ''u-ta-ar 
 
 § 103.— XVII, 24-31. 
 
 24 sum-ma Uar-ra-nam 25 i-na a-la-ki-su 26 na- 
 ak-ru-um 27 mi-im-ma '^sa na-su-u 28 us-ta-ad-di- 
 su 29 samallilm ''ni-is i-lim 30 i-za-kar-ma 31 
 u-ta-as-sar 
 
 § 104.--XVII. 32-45. 
 
 32 sum-ma tamkarum 33 a-na samallim 34 se'am 
 sipatam samnam 35 u mi-im-ma ''bi-sa-am 36 a-na 
 pa-sa-ri-im 37 id-di-in 38 samallum kaspam 39 i- 
 sa-ad-dar-ma 40 a-na tamkarim 41 u-ta-ar 42 sa- 
 mallum ^ka-ni-ik kaspim 43 saa-na tamkarim 44 
 i-na-ad-di-nu 45 i-li-ki 
 
 § 105.— XVII, 46-54. 
 46 sum-ma samallum 47 i-te-gi-ma 48 ka-ni-ik 
 kaspim 49 sa a-na tamkarim 50 id-di-nu 51 la il- 
 te-ki 52 ka^pi la ka-ni-''ki-im 53 a-na ni-ik-ka- 
 
 is-sa-ak-ka-an 
 
 § 106.— XVII, 55-67. 
 
 55 sum-ma samallum 56 kaspam it-ti "^tamkarim 
 57 il-ki-ma 58 tamkari-su 59 it-ta-ki-ir 60 tanika- 
 
Translation 35 
 
 § 100. 
 C . . ■ • he shall write down the interest on the money, as much 
 as he has obtained, and he shall reckon its days and he shall make 
 returns to his merchant. 
 
 §101. 
 
 C If he do not meet with success where he goes, the agent 
 shall double the amount of money obtained and he shall pay it 
 to the merchant. 
 
 §102. 
 
 C If a merchant give money to an agent as a favor, and the 
 latter meet with a reverse where he goes, he shall return the 
 principal of the money to the merchant. 
 
 >^ § 103. 
 
 C If, when he goes on a journey, an enemy rob him of whatever 
 he was carrying, the agent shall take an oath in the name of god 
 and go free. 
 
 § 104. 
 C If a merchant give to an agent grain, wool, oil or goods of 
 any kind with which to trade, the agent shall write down the 
 value and return (the money) to the merchant. The agent 
 shall take a sealed receipt for the money which he gives to the 
 merchant. 
 
 §105. 
 
 C If the agent be careless and do not take a receipt for the 
 money which he has given to the merchant, the money not 
 receipted for shall not be placed to his account. 
 
 §106. 
 C If an agent obtain money from a merchant and have a dispute 
 with the merchant {i. e., deny the fact), that merchant shall 
 
36 The Code of IJammukabi 
 
 rum su-u 61 i-na ma-bar i-lim ''u si-bi 62 i-na kas- 
 pim li-ki-im 63 samallam u-ka-an-ma 64 samallum 
 kaspam 65 ma-la il-ku-u 66 a-du III-su a-na tam- 
 karim 67 i-na-acUdi-in 
 
 § 107.— XVII, 68-XVIII, 14. 
 
 68 sum-ma tamkarum 69 samallam i-ki-ip-ma 70 
 samallum mi-im-ma 71 sa tamkarum id-di-nu-sum 
 72 a-na tamkari-su XVIII, 1 ut-te-ir 2 tamkarum 
 mi-im-ma 3 sa samallum 4 id-di-nu-sum 5 it-ta- 
 ki-ir-su 6 samallum su-u 7 i-na ma-bar i-lim ''u si- 
 bi 8 tamkaram u-ka-an-ma tamkarum ''as-sum sa- 
 malll-su 10 ik-ki-rn 11 mi-im-ma ''In il-ku-u 12 
 a-du VI-su 18 a-na samalUm 14 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 108.— XVIII, 15-25. 
 
 15 sum-ma SAL.GES.TIN.NA 16 n-na slm sikarim 
 17 se'am la im-ta-bar 18 i-na abnim ''ra-bi-tim It) 
 kaspam im-ta-ljar 20 u KI.LAM sikarim 21 a-na Kl. 
 LAM se'im ^um-ta-di 22 SAL.GES.TIN.NA "su-a- 
 ti 23 u-ka-an-nu-si-ma 24 a-na me-e 25 i-na-[ad]- 
 du-u-si 
 
 § 109. -XVIII, 26-35. 
 
 26 sum-ma SAL.GES.TIN.NA 27 sa-ar-ru-tum 28 
 i-na biti-sa. 29 it-tar-ka-zu-ma 30 sa-ar-ru-tim ''su- 
 nu-ti 31 la iB-sn-ab-''tam-ma 32 a-na fikallim 33 la 
 ir-di-a-am 34 SAL.GES.TIN.NA ^si-i 35 id-dn-ak 
 
 § 110.— XVIII, 36-44. 
 
 36 sum-ma assatiim NIN.AN 37 sa i-na MAL . 
 GE.A 38 la wa-as-ba-at 39 bit GES.TIN.NA ^ip-te- 
 te 40 u lu a-na sikarim 41 a-na bit . GE^.TIN.NA 
 42 i-te-ru-ub 43 a-wi-il-tam ''su-a-ti 44 V-kal-lu- 
 u-si 
 
 § 111.— XVIII, 45-49. 
 
 45 sum-ma SAL.GES.TIN.NA 46 LX KA sikarim 
 U.SA.KA.NI 47 a-na di-ib-tim id-di-in 48 i-na 
 eburim 49 L KA se'im i-li-ki 
 
Translation 87 
 
 call the agent to account in the presence of god and witnesses for 
 the money obtained and the agent shall give to the merchant 
 threefold the amount of money which he obtained. 
 
 §107. 
 C If a merchant lend to an agent and the agent return to the 
 merchant whatever the merchant had given him; and if the mer- 
 chant deny (receiving) what the agent has given to him, that 
 agent shall call the merchant to account in the presence of god 
 and witnesses and the merchant, because he has had a dispute 
 with his agent, shall give to him sixfold the amount which he 
 obtained. 
 
 * § 108. 
 
 C If a wine-seller do not receive grain as the price of drink, 
 but if she receive money by the great stone, or make the 
 measure for drink smaller than the measure for corn, they shall 
 call that wine-seller to account, and they shall throw her into the 
 water. 
 
 § 109. 
 C If outlaws collect in the house of a wine-seller, and she do not 
 arrest these outlaws and bring them to the palace, that wine-seller 
 shall be put to death. 
 
 §110. 
 
 C If a priestess who is not living in a MAL.GE.A, open a wine- 
 shop or enter a wine-shop for a drink, they shall burn that 
 woman. 
 
 §111. 
 
 C. If a wine-seller give GO KA of drink .... on credit, at the 
 time of harvest she shall receive 50 KA of grain. 
 
38 The Code of JIammurabi 
 
 § 112— XVlll, 50-74. 
 50 sum-ma a-wi-lum 51 i-na Ijar-ra-nim 52 wa- 
 si-ib-ma 53 kaspam Ijurasam abnam 54 u bi-is ga-ti- 
 su 55 a-na a-wi-lim 56 id-di-in-ma 57 a-na si-bu- 
 ul-tim 58 u-sn-bil-su 59 a-wi-lum su-u CO mi-im-ma 
 sa su-bu-lu 01 a-sar su-bu-lu 02 la id- [di-]in -ma 
 03 it-ba-al 04 be-el si-bu-ul-tim 05 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 
 06 i-na mi-im-ma 07 sa su-bu-lu-ma 68 la id-di-nu 
 
 09 u-ka-an-nu-su-ma 70 a-wi-lum su-u 71 a-du V- 
 su mi-im-ma 72 sa in-na-ad-nu-sum 73 a-na be-el 
 ''si-bu-ul-tim 74 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 113.— XVIII, 75~XIX, 16. 
 
 75 sum -ma a-wi-lum 76 e-li a-wi-lim XIX, 1 
 se'am u kaspam ''i-su-ma 2 i-na ba-lum ''be-el se'im 
 3 i-na na-as-pa-''ki-im 4 u lu i-na ma-''as-ka-nim 5 
 se'am il-te-ki a-wi-lam su-a-ti 7 i-na ba-lum ''be- 
 el se'im 8 i-na na-as-pa-ki-im 9 n lu i-na maskanim 
 
 10 i-na se'im li-ki-im 11 u-ka-an-nu-su-ma 12 se'am 
 ma-la il-ku-u 13 u-ta-ar 14 u i-na mi-im-^ma sum- 
 su 15 ma-la id-di-nu 16 i-te-el-li 
 
 i? 114.— XIX, 17-25. 
 
 17 sum-ma a-wi-lum 18 e-li a-wi-lim 19 se'am 
 u kaspam 20 la i-su-ma 21 ni-bu-zu ''it-te-bi 22 
 a-na ni-bu-tim 23 is-ti-a-at 24 -}^ ma-na kaspim 25 
 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 115.— XIX, 26-37. 
 
 26 sum-ma a-wi-lum 27 e-li a-wi-lim 28 se'am u 
 kaspam 29 i-su-ma 30 ni-bu-zu ib-bi-ma 31 ni-bu- 
 tum 32 i-na bit ne-bi-sa 33 i-na si-ma-ti-sa 34 
 im-tu-ut 35 di-nu-um su-u 30 ru-gu-um-ma-am 37 
 u-ul i-su 
 
 § 116.-XIX, 38-53. 
 
 38 sum-ma ni-bu-tum 39 i-na bit ne-bi-sa 40 
 i-na ma-ba-zi-im 41 u lu i-na us-''su-si-im 42 im- 
 tu-ut 43 be-el ui-bu-tim 44 tamkari-su 45 u-ka- 
 an-ma 40 sum-ma mar a-wi-lim 47 mftr-su i-du- 
 
Translation 39 
 
 § 112. 
 C. If a man be on a journey and he give silver, gold, stones or port- 
 able property to a man with a commission for transportation, and 
 if that man do not deliver that which was to be transported where 
 it was to be transported, but take it to himself, the owner of the 
 transported goods shall call that man to account for the goods to 
 be transported which he did not deliver, and that man shall 
 deliver to the owner of the transported goods fivefold the amount 
 which was given to him. 
 
 §113. 
 C If a man hold a [debt of] grain or money against a man, and 
 if he take grain without the consent of the owner from the heap 
 or the granary, they shall call that man to account for taking 
 grain without the consent of the owner from the heap or the 
 granary, and he shall return as much grain as he took, and he 
 shall forfeit all that he has lent, whatever it be. 
 
 § 114. 
 C If n man do not hold a [debt of] grain or money against a 
 man, and if he seize him for debt, for each seizure he shall pay 
 one-third mana of silver. 
 
 §115. 
 
 C If a man hold a [debt of] grain or money against a man, and 
 he seize him for debt, and the one seized die in the house of him 
 who seized him, that case has no penalty. 
 
 § 116. 
 C If the one seized die of abuse or neglect in the house of him 
 who seized him, the owner of the one seized shall call the mer- 
 chant to account; and if it be a man's son [that he seized] they 
 
•40 The Code of IJammurabi 
 
 uk-ku 48 suin-ma warnd a-wi-lim 49 -}^ ma-iia 
 kaspim 50 i-sa-kal 51 u i-na mi-im-ma ''sutn-sn 
 52 ma-la id-di-nii 53 i-te-el-li 
 
 § 117— XIX, 54-67. 
 
 54 sum-ma a-wi-lam 55 e-hi-il-tum 56 is-ba- 
 zu-ma 57 assa-zn mar-In ''u mfl,ra-zu 58 a-iia 
 kaspim ''id-di-iii 59 u lu a-na ki-is-''sa- a-tim 60 
 it-ta-an-di-jn 61 sattam III '"^"' 62 bit sa-a-a-ma- 
 ''rii-su-nu 68 u ka-si-si-su-nu 64 i-ib-bi-su i-iia 
 ri-''bu-tim 65 sa-at-tim 66 an-du-ra-ar-su-nu (57 
 
 is-sa-ak-ka-an 
 
 g 118.- XIX, 68 73, 
 
 68 sum- ma wardam u lu am tarn ()9 a-nn ki-is-sa- 
 tim 70 it-ta-an-di-in 71 tamkarnm u-se-ti-ik 72 
 a-na kaspim i-na-ad-din 73 u-ul ib-ba-gar 
 
 § 119.— XIX, 74-XX, 3. 
 
 74 sum-ma a-wi-lam 75 e-bi-il-tum 76 is-ba- 
 zu-ma 77 ama-zu sa mftrfi ul-du-sum 78 a-na 
 kaspim it-ta-din XX, 1 kaspam tamkarum ''is-ku- 
 lu 2 be-el amtim *'i-sa-kal-ma 3 ama-zu ^i-pa-dar 
 
 § 120.— XX, 4-23. 
 
 4 sum-ma a-wi-lum 5 se'i-su a-na na-as-''pa-ku- 
 tim 6 i-na bit a-wi-lum 7 is-pu-uk-ma 8 i-na 
 ga-ri-tim 9 i-ib-bu-u-um "^it-tab-si 10 u lix be-el 
 bitim 11 na-as-pa-kam "^ip-te-ma 12 se'am il-ki 
 13 u lu se'am ''sa i-na blti-su 14 is-sa-ap-ku 15 
 a-na ga-am-ri-im 16 it-ta-ki-ir 17 be-el se'ini 
 ''ma-bar i-lim 18 se'i-su u-ba-ar-ma 19 be-el bitim 
 20 se'am sa il-ku-u 21 us-ta-sa-na-ma 22 a-na 
 be-el se'im 23 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 121.— XX, 24-30. 
 
 24 sum-ma a-wi-lum 25 i-na bit a-wi-lim 26 
 
 se'am is-pu-uk 27 i-na sa-na-at 28 a-na I SE.GUR. 
 
 E ''V KA se'im 29 ID na-al-pa-ki-im 30 i-na-ad- 
 di-in 
 
Translation 41 
 
 shall put his son to death ; if it be a man's servant [that he seized] 
 he shall pay one-third mana of silver and he shall forfeit whatever 
 amount he had lent. 
 
 §117. 
 C If a man be in debt and sell his wife, son or daughter, or 
 bind them over to service, for three years they shall work in the 
 house of their purchaser or master; in the fourth year they shall 
 be given their freedom. 
 
 §118. 
 C If he bind over to service a male or female slave, and if 
 the merchant transfer or sell such slave, there is no cause for 
 complaint. 
 
 §119. 
 C If a man be in debt and he sell his maid servant who has 
 borne him children, the owner of the maid servant {i. e., the 
 man in debt) shall repay the money which the merchant paid 
 (him), and he shall ransom his maid servant. 
 
 §120. 
 
 C If a man store his grain in bins in the house of another and 
 an accident happen to the granary, or the owner of the house 
 open a bin and take grain or he raise a dispute about (or deny) 
 the amount of grain which was stored in his house, the owner of 
 the grain shall deijlare his grain in the presence of god, nnd the 
 owner of the house shall double the amount of the grain which 
 he took and restore it to the owner of the grain. 
 
 § 121. 
 C If a man store grain in the house of another, he shall pay 
 storage at the rate of five KA of grain per GUR each year. 
 
42 The Code oe Hammukabi 
 
 § 122.— XX, 31-43. 
 31 sum-ma a-wi-lum 32 a-nn a-wi-lim 33 
 kaspam burasam 34 u mi-im-ma sum-in 35 a-na 
 ma-sa-ru-tim 36 i-na-ad-di-in 37 mi-im-ma ma-la 
 38 i-na-ad-di-nu 39 si-bi u-kal-lam 40 ri-ik-sa- 
 tim 41 i-sa-ak-ka-an-ma 42 a-nn ma-sa-ru-tim 
 
 43 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 123.— XX, 44-52. 
 44 sum-ma ba-lnm si-bi 45 n ri-ik-sa-tim 46 
 a-na ma-sa-ru-tim 47 id-di-in-ma 48 n-sar id-di- 
 nu 49 it-ta-ak-ru-su 50 di-nu-um su-u 51 ru-gu- 
 um-ma-am 52 u-ul i-su 
 
 § 124.— XX, 53-65. 
 53 sum-ma a-wi-lum 54 a-na a-wi-lim 55 
 kaspam ^urftsam 56 u mi-im-ma sum-su 57 ma- 
 Ijar si-bi 58 a-na ma-sa-ru-tim 59 id-di-in-ma GO 
 it-ta-ki-ir-su 61 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 62 n-ka-an-nu- 
 su-ma 63 mi-im-ma ''la ik-ki-ru ()4 us-ta-la-na- 
 ma 65 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 125.— XX, 66-XXI, 7, 
 
 66 sum- ma a-wi-lnm ()7 nii-im-ma-su ()8 a-nn 
 ma-sa-ru-tim id-''di-in-nia 69 a-sar id-di-iiu 70 u 
 lu i-na bi-^'il-si-im 71 u lu i-na na-ba- 72 
 al-ka-at-tim 73 mi-im-mu-su 74 it-ti mi-im-me-e 
 
 75 be-el bitim ih-ta-li-ik ''be-el bitim sa i-gu-ma 
 
 76 mi-im-ma sa a-na 77 ma-sa-ru-tim ''id-di-nu- 
 sum-ma 78 u-bal-li-ku 79 u-sa-lam-ma XXI, 1 
 a-na be-el SA-GA 2 i-ri-a-ab 3 be-el bHim 4 
 mi-im-ma-su ''Ijal-ga-am 5 is-te-ne-i-ma 6 it-ti 
 sar-ra-''ga-ni-su' 7 i-li-ki 
 
 § 126.— XXI, 8-24. 
 
 8 sum-ma a-wi-lum 9 mi-im-mu-su 10 la ha-li- 
 
 ik-ma 11 mi-im-[mej-su 12 ba-li-[ikl ''ik-ta-bi 13 
 
 ba-ab-ta-su 14 u-te-ib-bi-ir 15 ki-ma mi-im-mu-sn 
 
 16 la bal-ku 17 ba-ab-ta-su 18 i-na ma-bar i-lim 
 
Translation 43 
 
 § 122. 
 C If fi nian give to another silver, gold or anything else on 
 deposit, virhatever he gives he shall show to witnesses and he 
 shall arrange the contracts and (then) he shall make the deposit. 
 
 §123. 
 
 C If a man give on deposit without witnesses or contracts, and 
 at the place of deposit they dispute with him [i. e., deny the 
 deposit), that case has no penalty. 
 
 § 124. 
 C If a man give to another silver, gold or anything else on 
 deposit in the presence of witnesses and the latter dispute with 
 him (or deny it), they shall call that man to account and he 
 shall double whatever he has disputed and repay it. 
 
 §125. 
 C If a man give anything of his on deposit, and at the place of 
 deposit either by burglary or pillage he sutler loss in common 
 with the owner of the house, the owner of the house who has 
 been negligent and has lost what was given to him on deposit 
 shall make good (the loss) and restore (it) to the owner of the 
 goods ; the owner of the house shall institute a search for what 
 has been lost and take it from the thief. 
 
 126. 
 
 C If a man have not lost anything, but say that he has lost some- 
 thing, or if he file a claim for loss when nothing has been lost, he 
 shall declare his (alleged) loss in the presence of god, and he 
 
4:4 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 19 ii-ba-ar-su-ma 20 mi-im-ma 21 sa ir-gu-mu 22 
 us-ta-sa-na-ma 23 a-na ba-ab-ti-su 24 i-na-ad- 
 di-in 
 
 § 127.— XXI, 25-34. 
 
 25 sum-ma a-wi-lum 26 e-li NIN.AN 27 u as- 
 sa-at a-wi-lim 28 u-ba-nam ''u-sa-at-ri-is-ma 29 la 
 uk-ti-in 30 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 31 ma-ljar da-a-a-ni 
 32 i-na-ad-du-u-su 33 u mu-iit-ta-zu 34 u-gal- 
 la-bu 
 
 § 128.-XXI, 35-41. 
 
 35 sum-ma a-wi-lum 36 as-sa-tam 37 i-hu-uz- 
 ma 38 ri-ik-sa-ti-sa 39 la is-ku-un 40 zhuiistuni 
 si-i 41 u-ul as-sa-at 
 
 § 129.— XXI, 42-53. 
 
 42 sum-ma as-sa-at ''a-wi-lim 43 it-ti zi-ka-ri- 
 im 44 sa-ni-im 45 i-na i-tu-lim 46 it-ta-as-bat 
 47 i-ka-zu-su-nu-ti-ma 48 a-na me-e 49 i-iia-ad- 
 du-u-''su-nu-ti 50 sum-ma be-el ''as-sa-tim 51 as- 
 sa-zu u-ba-la-at 52 u sar-ru-um 53 wara-zu u-bn- 
 la-at 
 ' ■ ** ■ ,*. i g 130.— XXI, 54-67. 
 
 54 sum-ma a-wi-lum 55 -^aB-sa-at a-wi-lim 56 sa 
 zi-ka-ra-am 57 la i-du-u-ma 58 i-na bit a-bi-sa 
 59 wa-as-ba-at 60 u-kab-bil-si-ma 61 i-na zu-ni- 
 sa 62 it-ta-ti-^'il-ma 63 is-sa-ab-tu-su 64 a-wi- 
 lum su-u 65 id-da-ak 66 zinnistum si-i 67 u-ta- 
 as-sar 
 
 § 131.- XXI, 68-76. 
 
 68 sum-ma as-sa-at 69 a-wi-lim 70 mu-za u-ub- 
 bi-'^ir-si-ma 71 it-ti zi-ka-ri-im ''sa-ni-im 72 i-ua 
 u-tu-lim 73 la is-sa-bi-it 74 ni-is i-lim 75 i-za- 
 kar-ma 76 a-na biti-sa i-ta-ar 
 
 § 132.— XXI, 77-XXII, 6 
 
 77 sum-ma as-sa-at 78 a-wi-lim 79 as -sum zi- 
 ka-''ri-im sa-ni-im 80 u-ba-nu-um 81 e-li-sa 82 
 it-ta-ri-is-ma 83 it-ti zi-ka-''ri-im XXII, 1 sa-ui-im 
 
Translation 45 
 
 shall double and pay for the (alleged) loss the amount for which 
 he had made claim. 
 
 § 127. 
 C, If a man point the linger at a priestess or the wife of another 
 and cannot justify it, they shall drag that man before the judges 
 and they shall brand his forehead. 
 
 §128. 
 
 C If a man take a wife and do not arrange with her the 
 (proper) contracts, that woman is not a (legal) wife. 
 
 §129. 
 
 C If the wife of a man be taken in lying with another man, they 
 shall bind them and throw them into the water. If the husband 
 of the woman would save his wife, or if the king would save his 
 male servant (he may). 
 
 §130. 
 
 C If a man force the (betrothed) wife of another who has not 
 known a male and is living in her father's house, and he lie in 
 her bosom and they take him, that man shall be put to death and 
 that woman shall go free,. 
 
 § 131. 
 C If a man accuse his wife and she has not been taken in lying 
 with another man, she shall take an oath in the name of god and 
 she shall return to her house. 
 
 §132. 
 
 C If the finger have been pointed at the wife of a man because of 
 another man, and she have not been taken in lying witli- another 
 
■ifi The Code op JJammueabi 
 
 2 i-na u-tu-lim 3 la it-ta-as-''ba-at 4 a-na mu-ti- 
 sa 5 'i"N&ram 6 i-sa-al-li 
 
 § 133— XXII, 7-17. 
 
 7 sum-ma a-wi-lum 8 is-sa-li-''il-ma 9 i-aa 
 biti-su 10 sa a-ka-lim 11 i-ba-as-si 12 [as-sa]-zu 
 13 [i-na bl]-za "^[wa-az-za-ajt 14 [pa-gar-s]a 15 
 [i-na-sa-a]r IB [a-na bitim sa-ni]-im 17 [u-ul 
 i-ir]-ru-ub 
 
 § 133 A— XXII, 18-26. 
 
 18 s[um-ma] zinnistum si-i 19 [paj-gar-sa 20 la 
 is-sur-ma 21 a-na bItim sa-ni-im 22 i-te-ru-ub 23 
 zinnistam su-a-ti 24 u-ka-an-nu-si-ma 25 a-na me-e 
 26 i-na-ad-du-u-si 
 
 S 134.— XXII, 27-36. 
 
 27 sum-ma a-wi-lum 28 is-sa-''li-il-ma 29 i-na 
 blii-su 30 sa a-ka-li-im 31 la i-ba-as-si 32 as-sa- 
 zu 33 a-na bltim sa-ni-im 34 i-ir-ru-ub 35 zin- 
 nistum si-i 36 ar-nam '^u-ul i-su 
 
 '§ 135.— XXII, 37-56. 
 
 37 sum-ma a-wi-lum 38 is-sa-''li-il-mn 39 i-ua 
 bIti-su 40 sa a-ka-li-im 41 la i-ba-as-si 42 a-na 
 pa-ni-su 43 as-sa-zu 44 a-na bitim sa-ni-im 45 
 i-te-ru-ub-ma 46 mftr^ ''it-ta-la-ad 47 i-na wa-ar- 
 ka 48 mu-za it-tu-ra-''am-ma 49 ali-su 50 ik-ta- 
 as-dam 51 zinnistum si-i 52 a-na ba-wi-ri-sa 53 
 i-ta-ar 54 m&v& wa-ar-ki 55 a-bi-su-nu 5C i-il- 
 la-ku 
 
 § 136.— XXII, 57-72. 
 
 57 sum-ma a-wi-lum 58 ali-su ''id-di-ma 59 it- 
 ta-bi-it 60 wa-ar-ki-su 61 as-sa-zu 62 a-na bltim 
 sa-ni-im 63 i-te-ru-ub 64 sum-ma a-wi-lum ''su-u 
 65 it-tu-ra-am-ma 66 as-sa-zu 67 is-sa-ba-at 08 
 as-sum ali-su 69 i-zi-ru-ma 70 in-na-bi-tu ''as- 
 sa-at mu-na-ab-tim 71 a-na mu-ti-sa 72 u-ul 
 i-ta-ar 
 
Translation ' 47 
 
 man, for her husband's sake she shall throw herself into the 
 river. 
 
 §133. 
 
 C If a man be captured and there be maintenance in his house 
 and his wife go out of her houso, she shall protect her body and 
 she shall not enter into another house. 
 
 § 133 A. 
 
 C, [If] that woman do not protect her body and enter into 
 another house, they shall call that woman to account and they 
 shall throw her into the water. 
 
 §134. 
 
 C If a man be captured and there be no maintenance in his house 
 and his wife enter into another house, that woman has no bla me 
 
 § 135. 
 
 C If «i ni'in be captured and there be no maintenance in his 
 house, and his wife openly enter into another house and bear 
 children ; if later her husband return and arrive in his city, that 
 woman shall return to her husband (and) the children shall go 
 to their father. 
 
 § 136. 
 C If a man desert his city and flee and afterwards his wife 
 enter into another house ; if that man return and would take 
 his wife, the wife of the fugitive shall not return to her husband 
 because he hated his city and fled. 
 
48 The Code op IJammurabi 
 
 § 137.— XXII, 73-XXIII, 13. 
 
 73 sum-ma a-wi-lum 74 a-na ^"'su-ge-tim 75 
 sa mftre ul-du-sum ''u lu assatim sa mftrfe 76 u-sar- 
 su-su 77 e-si-bi-im 78 pa-ni-su 79 is-ta-ka-an 
 80 a-na zinnistim sn-a-ti 81 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 82 u-ta- 
 ar-ru-si-im 83 u mu-ut-ta-at 84 eklim kirSm u bi- 
 si-im XXIII, 1 i-na-ad-di-nu-'^si-im-ma 2 mar6- 
 sa 3 u-ra-ab-ba 4 is-tu mar6-sa 5 ur-ta-ab-bu-u 
 i-na mi-im-ma 7 sa a-na mftrfi-sa 8 in-na-ad-nu 
 9 si-it-tam 10 ki-ma ab-lim ''is-te-en 11 i-na-ad-di- 
 nu-''si-im-ma 12 mu-tu ^li-ib-bi-sa 13 i-ib-bfi-fi^-^i 
 
 § 138.— XXIII, 14-24. 
 14 sum-ma a-wi-lum 15 Iji-ir-ta-su 16 sa mftre 
 ''la ul-du-sum 17 i-iz-zi-ib 18 knspnm ma-la 19 tir- 
 ba-ti-sa 20 i-na-ad-di-is-''si-im 21 u se-ri-ik-tam 22 
 sa is-tu ''bit a-bi-sa ub-lam 23 u-sa-lam-^'si-im-ma 
 24 i-iz-zi-ib-si. 
 
 § 139.— XXIII, 25-29. 
 25 sum-ma tir-lja-tum 26 la i-ba-as-si 27 I ma- 
 na kaspim 28 a-na u-zu-ub-''bi-im 29 i-na-ad-di- 
 is-''si-im 
 
 § 140.— XXIII, 30-32. 
 
 30 sum-ma MAS.EN.KAK 31 | ma-na kaspim 
 32 i-na-ad-di-is-''si-im 
 
 § 141.-XXIII, 33-59. 
 
 33 sum-ma as-sa-at ''a-wi-lim 34 sa i-na bit ''a-wi- 
 lim 35 wa-as-ba-at 36 a-na wa-si-im 37 [)a-ni-sa 
 38 is-ta-ka-an-ma 39 zi-ki-il-tam 40 i-za-ak-ki-il 
 41 bl-za ''u-za-ap-pa-ab 42 mu-za u-sa-''am-da 43 
 u-ka-an-nu-''si-ma 44 sum-ma mu-za 45 (>-si-ib-sa 
 4() ik-ta-bi 47 i-iz-zi-ib-si 48 Ija-ra-an-sa 49 u-zu- 
 ub-bu-sa 50 mi-im-ma 51 u-ul in-na-ad-''di-is-si- 
 im 52 sum-ma mu-za 53 la e-.si-ib-sa ''ik-ta-bi 54 
 mu-za zinnistam sa-ni-tam 55 i-ib-lja-az 56 zinnis- 
 tum si-i 57 ki-ma amtim 58 i-na bit mu-ti-sa 59 
 us-sa-ab 
 
Translation 49 
 
 §137. 
 
 C If a man set his face to put away a concubine who has borne 
 him children or a wife who has presented him with children, he 
 shall return to that woman her dowry and shall give to her the 
 income of field, garden and goods and she shall bring up her 
 children ; from the time that her children are grown up, from 
 whatever is given to her children they shall give to her a portion 
 corresponding to that of a son and the man of her choice may 
 marry her. 
 
 § 138. 
 C If a man would put away his wife who has not borne him chil- 
 dren, he shall give her money to the amount of her marriage 
 settlement and he shall make good to her the dowry which she 
 brought from her father's house and then he may put her away. 
 
 § 139. 
 C If there were no marriage settlement, he shall give to her one 
 mana of silver for a divorce. .^ ^ 
 
 /~' 
 
 §140. 
 
 C If he be a freeman, he shall give her one-third mana of silver. 
 
 § 141. 
 C If the wife of a man who is living in his house, set her face 
 to go out and play the part of a fool, neglect her house, belittle 
 her husband, they shall call her to account; if her husband say 
 "I have put her away," he shall let her go. On her departure L^ 
 nothing shall be given to her for her divorce. If her hiisband 
 say:. "I have not put her away," her husband may take another 
 woman. The first woman shall dwell in the house of her hus- 
 band as a maid servant. 
 
50 The Code of JJammueabi 
 
 § 142— XXIII, 60-XXIV, 5. 
 60 sum-ma zinniitum "^mu-za i-zi-ir-ma 61 u-ul 
 ta-ab-ba-^za-an-ni 62 ik-ta-bi 63 wa-ar-ka-za 64 
 i-na ba-ab-ti-sa 65 ip-pa-ar-ra-^as-ma 66 sum-ma 
 na-as-''ra-at-ma 67 bi-di-tam 68 la i-su 69 u mu- 
 za(g) 70 wa-zi-ma 71 ma-ga-al 72 u-sa-am-''da-si 
 73 zinnistum ii-i XXIV, 1 ar-nam ^u-ul i-su 2 se- 
 ri-ik-ta-sa 3 i-li-ki-ma 4 a-na bit a-bi-sa 5 it- 
 ta-al-la-ak 
 
 § 143.— XXIV, 6-12. 
 
 6 sum-ma la na-''as-ra-at-ma 7 wa-zi-a-at 8 bi- 
 za '•u-za-ap-pa-ab 9 mu-za u-sa-am-da 10 ziniiistam 
 su-a-ti 11 a-na me-e 12 i-na-ad-du-u-si 
 
 § 144.— XXIV, 13-27. 
 
 13 sum-ma a-wi-lum 14 assatam i-bu-^'uz-ma 15 
 assatum si-i 16 amtam a-na mu-ti-sa 17 id-di-in-ma 
 18 mftrS US-tab-si 19 a-wi-lum su-u 20 a-na ^*'su- 
 ge-tim 21 a-ba-zi-im 22 pa-ni-su 23 is-ta-ka-an 
 24 a-wi-lam ''su-a-ti 25 u-ul i-ma-ag-''ga-ru-su 26 
 saisu-ge-tam '27 u-ul i-ib-b^-az 
 
 § 145.— XXIV, 28-42, 
 
 28 sum-ma a-wi-lum 29 assatam i-bu-uz-ma 30 
 mftrS la u-sar-''si-su-ma 31 a-na **^u-ge-tim 32 
 a-ba-zi-im 33 pa-ni-su 34 is-ta-ka-an 35 a-wi-lum 
 su-u 36 ^"^u-ge-tam 37 i-ib-ba-az 38 a-na blti- 
 5u 39 u-se-ir-ri-''ib-si 40 ^^^u-ge-tum ''si-i 41 
 it-ti assatim 42 u-ul us-ta-''ma-ab-ba-ar 
 
 § 146.— XXIV, 43-59. 
 
 43 sum-ma a-wi-lum 44 assatam i-bu-uz-ma 45 
 amtam a-na mu-ti-sa 46 id-di-in-ma 47 mar6 it-ta- 
 ''la-ad 48 wa-ar-ka-nu-um 49 amtum si-i 50 it-ti 
 ''be-el-ti-sa 51 us-ta-tam-bi-ir 52 as-sum mftrS ''ul- 
 du 53 be-li-za 54 a-na kaspim 55 u-ul i-na-ad- 
 ''di-is-si 56 ab-bu-ut-tam 57 i-sa-ak-ka-''an-si-ma 
 58 it-ti amati 59 i-ma-an-nu-si 
 
Translation 51 
 
 §142. 
 C If a woman hate her husband, and say: "Thou shalt not have 
 me," they shall inquire into her antecedents for her defects; and 
 if she have been a careful mistress and be without reproach and 
 her husband have been going about and greatly belittling her, 
 that woman has no blame. She shall receive her dowry and 
 shall go to her father's house. 
 
 § 143. 
 C If she have not been a careful mistress, have gadded about, 
 have neglected her house and have belittled her husband, they 
 shall throw that woman into the water. 
 
 § 144. 
 C If a man take a wife and that wife give a maid servant to 
 her husband and she bear children; if that man set his face to 
 take a concubine, they shall not countenance him. He may not 
 take a concubine. 
 
 § 145. 
 C If a man take a wife and she do not present him with chil- 
 dren and he set his face to take a concubine, that man may take 
 a concubine and bring her into his house. That concubine shall 
 not rank with his wife. 
 
 § 146. 
 C If a man take a wife and she give a maid servant to her hus- 
 band, and that maid servant bear children and afterwards would 
 take rank with her mistress; because she has borne children, her 
 mistress may not sell her for money, but she may reduce her to 
 bondage and count her among the maid servants. 
 
52 , The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 § 147.— XXIV, 60-64. 
 
 60 sum-ma mftrS 61 la u-li-id 62 be-li-za 63 
 a-na kaspim 64 i-na-ad-di-''is-si 
 
 § 148.— XXIV, 65-81. 
 
 65 suma a-wi-lum 66 as-sa-tam 67 i-lju-uz-ma 
 68 la-'a-bu-um 69 is-sa-ba-az-zi 70 a-iia sa-ni-tim 
 71 a-ba-zi-im 72 pa-ni-su 73 is-ta-ka-an 74 i-ib- 
 ba-az 75 as-sa-zu 76 sa la-'a-bu-um 77 is-ba-tu 
 78 u-ul i-iz-''zi-ib-si 79 i-na blti.m i-pu-su 80 us- 
 sa-am-ma 81 a-di ba-al-ta-at ''it-ta-na-al-si-si 
 
 § 149.— XXV, 1-9. 
 
 1 sum-ma zinnistum si-i 2 i-na bit mu-ti-sa 3 
 wa-sa-ba-am 4 la im-ta-gar, 5 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 6 sa 
 is-tu ''bit a-bi-sa 7 ub-lam 8 u-sa-lam-sim-ma 9 
 it-ta-al-la-ak 
 
 g 150.— XXV, 10-25. 
 
 10 sum-ma a-wi-lum 11 a-na as-sa-ti-su 12 
 eklam kirftm bltam 13 u bi-sa-am 14 is-ru-uk-sim 
 15 ku-nu-uk-kam 16 i-zi-ib-si-im 17 wa-ar-ki 
 ''mu-ti-sa 18 mftrfi-sa u-ul ''i-ba-ga-ru-si 19 um- 
 mu-um 20 wa-ar-ka-za 21 a-na mftri-sa 22 sa 
 i-ra-am-mu 23 i-na-ad-di-in 24 a-na a-bi-im 25 
 u-ul i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 151.— XXV, 26-51. 
 
 26 sum-ma zinnistum 27 sa i-na bit a-wi-lim 
 28 wa-as-ba-at 29 as-sum be-el ''bu-b'u-ul-lim 30 
 sa mu-ti-sa 31 la sa-ba-ti-sa 32 mu-za ''ur-ta-ak- 
 ki-is 33 dup-pa-am 34 us-te-zi-ib 35 sum-ma ''a- 
 wi-lum su-u 36 la-ma zinnistam su-a-ti 37 i-ib-bft- 
 zu 38 bu-bu-ul-lum 39 e-li-su 40 i-ba-as-si 41 
 be-el bu-bu-ul-''li-su 42 as-sa-zu 43 u-ul i-sa-''ba- 
 tu 44 u sum-ma ''zinnistum si-i 45 la-ma a-na 
 bit ''a-wi-lim 46 i-ir-ru-bu 47 bu-bu-ul-lum 48 
 e-li-sa 49 i-ba-as-si 50 be-el bu-bu-ul-''li-sa 51 
 mu-za u-ul ''i-.sa-ba-tu 
 
Translation 53 
 
 §147. 
 
 C If she have not borne children, her mistress may sell her, for 
 money. 
 
 §148. 
 C If a man take a wife and she become afflicted with disease, 
 and if he set his face to take another, he may. His wife, who is 
 afflicted with disease, he shall not put away. She shall remain in 
 the house which he has built and he shall maintain her as long as 
 she lives. 
 
 §149, 
 
 C If that woman do not elect to remain in her husband's house, 
 he shall make good to her the dowry which she brought from 
 her father's house and she may go. 
 
 §150. 
 
 C If a man give to his wife field, garden, house or goods and 
 he deliver to her a sealed deed, after (the death of) her husband, 
 her children cannot make claim against her. The mother after 
 her (death) may will to her child whom she loves, but to a brother 
 she may not. 
 
 §151. 
 C If a woman, who dwells in the house of a man, make a con- 
 tract with her husband that a creditor of his may not hold her 
 (for his debts) and compel him to deliver a written agreement; 
 if that man were in debt before he took that woman, his creditor 
 may not hold his wife, and if that woman were in debt before she 
 entered into the house of the man, her creditor may not hold her 
 husband. 
 
5J: The Code op IJammurabi 
 
 § 152.— XXV, 52-60. 
 
 52 sum-ma is-tu 53 zinnistum si-i 54 a-na 
 bit a-wi-lim 55 i-ru-bu 56 e-li-su-nu 57 bu-bu-ul- 
 lum 58 it-tab-si 59 ki-la-la-su-nu GO tamkaram 
 i-ip-pa-lu 
 
 § 153.— XXV, 61-66. 
 
 61 sum-ma as-sa-at ''a-wi-lim 62 as-sum zi-ka- 
 *'ri-im 63 sa-ni-im 64 mu-za us-di-ik 65 zinnistam 
 su-a-ti ''i-na ga-si-si-im 66 i-sa-ak-ka-nu-si 
 
 § 154.— XXV, 67-71. 
 
 67 sum-ma a-wi-lum 68 mftra-zu 69 il-ta-ma-ad 
 70 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 71 alam u-se-iz-^'zu-u-su 
 
 § 155.— XXV, 72-XXVI, 1. 
 72 sum-ma a-wi-lum 73 a-na mftri-su 74 kal- 
 latam ''i-bi-ir-ma 75 m&r-su il-ma-zi 76 su-u wa- 
 ar-'^ka-nu-um-ma 77 i-na zu-ni-sa 78 it-ta-ti-il-ma 
 79 is-sa-ab-tu-su 80 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 81 i-ka-zu- 
 su-ma 82 a-na me-e XXVI, 1 i-na-ad-du-u-si 
 
 § 156.— XXVI, 2-17. 
 
 2 sum-ma a-wi-lum 3 a-na mftri-su 4 kallatam 
 5 i-bi-ir-ma 6 mftr-su la il-''ma-zi-ma 7 su-u 
 i-na zu-ni-sa 8 it-ta-ti-il 9 ^ ma-na kaspim 10 
 i-sa-kal-''si-im-ma 11 u mi-im-ma 12 sa is-tu 13 
 bit a-bi-sa 14 ub-lam 15 u-sa-lam-''si-im-ma 16 
 mu-tu ''li-ib-bi-la 17 i-i^-^a-az-zi 
 
 § 157.-XXVI, 18-23. 
 
 18 sum-ma a-wi-lum 19 wa-ar-ki ''a-bi-su 20 
 i-na zu-un ''um-mi-su 21 it-ta-ti-il 22 ki-la-li-su- 
 nu 23 i-kal-lu-u-''su-nu-ti 
 
 § 158.— XXVI, 24-32. 
 
 24 sum-ma a-wi-lum 25 wa-ar-ki ''a-bi-su 26 
 i-na zu-un 27 ra-bi-ti-su 28 sa mftrfe ''wa-al-da- 
 at 29 it-ta-as-ba-at 30 a-wi-lum su-u 31 i-na bit 
 a-ba 32 in-na-az-za-alj 
 
Translation 55 
 
 §152. 
 
 C If they contract a debt after the woman has entered into the 
 house of the man, both of them shall be answerable to the merchant. 
 
 §153. 
 
 C If a woman bring about the death of her husband for the sake 
 of another man, they shall impale her. 
 
 §154. 
 
 C If a man have known his daughter, they shall expel that man 
 from the city. 
 
 §155. 
 C If a man have betrothed a bride to his son and his son have 
 known her, and if he (the father) afterward lie in her bosom 
 and they take him, they shall bind that man and throw him into 
 the water. 
 
 §156. 
 C If a man have betrothed a bride to his son and his son have not 
 known her but he himself lie in her bosom, he shall pay her one- 
 half mana of silver and he shall make good to her whatever she 
 brought from the house of her father and the man of her choice 
 may take her. 
 
 §157. 
 C If a man lie in the bosom of his mother after (the death of)' 
 his father, they shall burn both of them. 
 
 § 158. 
 C If a man, after (the death of) his father, be taken in the bosom 
 of the chief wife (of his father) who has borne children, that man 
 shall be cut off from his father's house. 
 
56 The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 § 159.— XXVI, 33-46. 
 33 sum-ma a-wi-lum 34 sa a-iia bit ''e-mi-su 35 
 bi-ib-lam 36 u-sa-bi-lu 37 tir-]ja-tam id-di-nu 38 
 a-na zinnistim sa-ni-tim 39 up-ta-al-li-''is-ma 40 
 a-na e-mi-su 41 mftrat-ka 42 u-ul a-ba-nz ''ik-ta- 
 bi 43 a-bi martim 44 mi-im-ma 45 sa ib-ba- 
 ab-^'lu-sum 46 i-tab-ba-al 
 
 § 160.— XXVI, 47-59. 
 47 sum-ma a-wi-lum 48 a-na bit e-mi-im 49 bi- 
 ib-lam 50 u-sa-bi-il 51 tir-ba-tam 52 id-di-in-ma 
 53 a-bi mftrtim 54 mftrti-i u-ul a-na-''ad-di-ik-kum 
 55 ik-ta-bi 56 mi-im-ma ma-la 57 ib-ba-ab-lu- 
 sum 58 us-ta-sa-an-na-ma 59 u-ta-ar 
 
 § 161.— XXVI, 60-77. 
 
 60 ium-ma a-wi-lum 61 a-na bit e-mi-su 62 bi- 
 ib-lam u-sa-bil 63 tir-^a-tam 64 id-di-in-ma 65 
 i-bi-ir-su 66 ug-dar-ri-zu 67 e-mu-su 68 a-na be- 
 el al-sa-tim 69 mftrti-i u-ul ''ta-ab-ba-az 70 ik-ta- 
 bi 7l mi-im-ma ma-la 72 ib-ba-ab-lu-sum 73 us- 
 ta-sa-an-na-ma 74 u-ta-ar 75 u as-sa-zu 76 i-bi- 
 ir-su 77 u-ul i-ib-ba-az 
 
 § 162.— XXVI, 78-XXVII, 6. 
 
 78 sum-ma a-wi-lum 79 as-sa-tam 80 i-bu-uz 
 81 mftrfi u^li-zum-ma 82 zinnistum si-i 83 a-na 
 si-im-tim XXVII, 1 it-ta-la-ak 2 a-na se-ri-ik-''ti- 
 sa 3 a-bu-sa 4 u-ul i-ra-''ag-gu-um 5 se-ri-ik- 
 ta-sa 6 sa mftre-sa-ma 
 
 § 163.— XXVII, 7-23. 
 7 sum-ma a-wi-lum 8 as-sa-tam 9 i-bu-uz-ma 
 10 mftrg la u-''sar-si-su 11 zinnistum si-i 12 a-na 
 si-im-tim 13 it-ta-la-ak 14 sum-ma tir-ba-tam 15 
 sa a-wi-lum su-u 16 a-na bit e-mi-su ''ub-lu 17 
 e-mu-su 18 ut-te-ir-sum 19 a-na se-ri-ik-ti 20 zin- 
 nistim su-a-ti 21 mu-za u-ul •'i-ra-ag-gu-um 22 
 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 23 sa bit a-bi-sa-ma 
 
Translation 57 
 
 § 159. 
 C If a man, who has brought a present to the house of his father- 
 in-law and has given the marriage settlement, look with longing 
 upon another woman and say to his father-in-law, "I will not take 
 thy daughter;" the father of the daughter shall take to himself 
 whatever was brought to him. 
 
 § 160. 
 C If a man bring a present to the house of his father-in-law and 
 give a marriage settlement and the father of the daughter say, 
 "I will not give thee my daughter;" he {i. e., the father-in-law) 
 shall double the amount which was brought to him and return it. 
 
 § 161. 
 C If a man bring a present to the house of his father-in-law and 
 give a marriage settlement, and his friend slander him ; and if his 
 father-in-law say to the claimant for the wife, "My daughter 
 thou shalt not have," he (the father-in-law) shall double the 
 amount which was brought to him and return it, but his friend 
 may not have his wife. 
 
 §162. 
 
 C If fi man take a wife and she bear him children and that 
 woman die, her father may not lay claim to her dowry. Her 
 dowry belongs to her children. 
 
 § 163. 
 C If a man take a wife and she do not present him with chil- 
 dren and that woman die; if his father-in-law return to him the 
 marriage settlement which that man brought to the house of his 
 father-in-law, her husband may not lay claim to the dowry of that 
 woman. Her dowry belongs to the house of her father. 
 
58 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 § 164.— XXVII, 24-32. 
 24 sum-ma e-mu-su 25 tir-ba-tam 26 la ut-te- 
 ir-sum 27 i-na se-ri-ik-^ti-sa 28 ma-la *'tir-lja-ti- 
 sa 29 i-bar-ra-as-ma 30 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 31 a-na 
 bit a-ta( = bl)-sa 32 u-ta-ar 
 
 § 165.— XXVII, 33-50. 
 
 33 sum-ma a-wi-lum 34 a-na mftri-su 35 sa 
 i-in-su ''mab-ru 36 eklam kirftm u bltam 37 is- 
 ru-uk 38 ku-nu-kam is-tur-sum 39 wa-ar-ka a-bu- 
 um 40 a-na si-im-tim 41 it-ta-al-ku 42 i-nu-ma 
 ab-bu 43 i-zu-uz-zu 44 ki-is-ti a-bu-um 45 id-di- 
 nu-sum 46 i-li-ki-ma 47 e-li-nu- um -ma 48 i-na 
 §A-GA bit a-ba 49 mi-it-ba-ri-il 50 i-zu-uz-zu 
 
 § 166.— XXVII, 51-73. 
 
 51 sum -ma a-wi-lum 52 a-na mftrfi sa ir-su-u 
 53 as-sa-tim i-bu-uz 54 a-na mS,ri-su 55 ,si-ib-ri- 
 im 56 as-sa-tam 57 la i-bu-uz 58 wa-ar-ka a-bu- 
 um 59 a-na si-im-tim 60 it-ta-al-ku 61 i-nu-ma 
 ab-bu 62 i-zu-uz-zu 63 i-na SA.GtA bit a-ba 64 
 a-na a-bi-su-nu 65 si-ib-ri-im 66 sa as-sa-tam 
 67 la ib-zu 68 e-li-a-at 69 zi-it-ti-su 70 kaspi 
 tir-ba-tim 71 i-sa-ak-ka-'^nu-sum-ma 72 as-sa-tam 
 73 u-sa-ab-^ba-zu-su 
 
 § 167.— XXVII, 74-XXVIII, 8. 
 74 sum-ma a-wi-lum 75 as-sa-tam 76 i-bu-uz- 
 ma 77 mftrfi u-li-zum 78 zinnistum si-i 79 a-na si- 
 im-tim 80 it-ta-la-ak 81 wa-ar-ki-sa 82 zinnistam 
 sa-ni-tam 83 i-ta-ba-''az-ma 84 marfi it-ta-''la-ad 
 85 wa-ar-ka-nu-um 86 a-bu-um ^a-na si-im-tim 87 
 it-ta-al-ku XXVIII, 1 mar6 a-na um-''ma-tim 2 
 u-ul i-zu-^'uz-zu 3 se-ri-ik-ti 4 um-ma-ti-su-nu 
 5 i-li-ku-ma 6 SA . GA bit a-ba 7 mi-it-ba-ri-is 
 
 8 i-zu-uz-zu 
 
 § 168.— XXVIII, 9-24. 
 
 9 sum-ma a-wi-lum 10 a-na mari-su 11 na-sa- 
 bi-im 12 pa-nam is-ta-ka-an 13 a-na da-a-a-ni 14 
 
Translation 59 
 
 §164. 
 
 <I. If his father-in-law do not return to him the marriage settle- 
 ment, he may deduct from her dowry the amount of the marriage 
 settlement and return (the rest) of her dowry to the house of her 
 father. 
 
 § 165. 
 C If a man present field, garden or house to his favorite son 
 and write for him a sealed deed; after the father dies, when 
 the brothers divide, he shall take the present which the father 
 gave him, and over and above they shall divide the goods of the 
 father's house equally. 
 
 § 166. 
 C If a man take wives for his sons and do not take a wife for 
 his youngest son, after the father dies, when the brothers divide, 
 they shall give from the goods of the father's house to their 
 youngest brother, who has not taken a wife, money for a marriage 
 settlement in addition to his portion and they shall enable him to 
 take a wife. 
 
 §167. 
 C If a man take a wife and she bear him children and that 
 woman die, and after her (death) he take another wife and she 
 bear him children and later the father die, the children of the 
 mothers shall not divide (the estate). They shall receive the 
 dowries of their respective mothers and they shall divide equally 
 the goods of the house of the father. 
 
 §168. 
 
 C If a man set his face to disinherit his son and say to the 
 judges: "I will disinherit my son," the judges shall inquire into 
 
60 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 mari-i a-na-za-ab ''ik-ta-bi 15 da-a-a-nu 16 wa-ar- 
 ka-zu 17 i-par-ra-su-ma 18 sum-ma marum •'ar-nam 
 kab-tam 19 sa i-na. ab-lu-tim 20 na-sa-bi-im 21 
 la ub-lam 22 a-bu-um mari-su 23 i-na ab-lu-tim 
 24 u-ul i-na-za-ab 
 
 § 169.— XXVIII, 25-37. 
 
 25 sum-ma ar-nam kab-tam 26 sa i-na ab-lu-tim 
 27 na-sa-bi-im 28 a-na a-bi-su 29 it-ba-lam 30 
 a-na is-ti-is-iu 31 pa-ni-su ub-ba-lu 32 sum-ma 
 ar-nam *'kab-tam 33 a-di si-ni-iu 34 it-ba-lam 35 
 a-bu-um mari-su 36 i-na ab-lu-tim 37 i-na-za-ab 
 
 § 170.— XXVIII, 38-60. 
 38 sum-ma a-wi-lum 39 Iji-ir-ta-su 40 mare 
 u-li-zum 41 u ama-zu 42 marS u-li-zum 43 a-bu-um 
 44 i-na bu-ul-ti-su 45 a-na mar6 sa amtum 46 ul- 
 du-sum 47 mftrH-u-a ''ik-ta-bi 48 it-ti mar6 ''Iji-ir- 
 tim 49 im-ta-nu-su-nu-ti 50 wa-ar-ka ''a-bu-um 
 51 a-na li-im-tim 52 it-ta-al-ku 53 i-na SA.GA 
 ''bit a-ba 54 marS bi-ir-tim 55 u mar6 amtim 56 
 mi-it-ba-ri-is 57 i-zu-uz-zu 58 TUE.US TUR hi- 
 ir-tim 59 i-na zi-it-tim 60 i-na-za-ak-ma 61 i-li-ki 
 
 § 171.— XXVIII, 61-XXIX, 5. 
 
 62 u sum-ma. a-bu-um 63 i-na bu-ul-ti-su 64 
 a-na marS sa amtum ''ul-du-sum 65 marft-u-a ''la ik- 
 ta-bi 66 wa-ar-ka ''a-bu-um 67 a-na si-im-tim (58 
 it-ta-al-ku 69 i-na SA.GA bit a-ba 70 marfi amtim^ 
 71 it-ti marS ''bi-ir-tim 72 u-ul i-zu-uz-zu 73 an- 
 du-ra-ar 74 amtim u mar6-sa 75 is-ta-ak-ka-an 76 
 mare bi-ir-tim 77 a-na marS amtim 78 a-na wa-ar- 
 du-tim 79 u-ul i-ra-ag-gu-mu 80 bi-ir-tum 81 
 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 82 u nu-du-na-am 83 sa mu-za 84 
 id-di-nu-si-im 85 i-na dub-bi-im 86 is-tu-ru-si-im 
 87 i-li-ki-ma 88 i-na su-ba-at 89 mu-ti-sa us- 
 sa-ab XXIX, 1 a-di ba-al-ta-at ''i-ik-ka-al 2 a-na 
 kaspim 3 u-ul i-na-ad-''di-in 4 wa-ar-ka-za 5 sa 
 mar6-sa-ma 
 
Translation 61 
 
 his antecedents, and if the son have not committed a crime suflS- 
 ciently grave to cut him off from sonship, the father may not cut 
 off his son from sonship. 
 
 § 169. 
 
 C If he have committed a crime against his father sufficiently 
 grave to cut him off from sonship, they shall condone his first 
 (offense). If he commit a grave crime a second time, the father 
 may cut off his son from sonship. 
 
 §170. 
 
 C If. a man's wife bear him children and his maid servant bear 
 him children, and the father during his lifetime say to the 
 children which the maid servant bore him: "My children," and 
 reckon them with the children of his wife, after the father dies 
 the children of the wife and the children of the maid servant 
 shall divide the goods of the father's house equally. The child 
 of the wife shall have the right of choice at the division. 
 
 §171. 
 C But if the father during his lifetime have not said to the chil- 
 dren which the maid servant bore him: "My children;" after the 
 father dies, the children of the maid servant shall not share in 
 the goods of the father's house with the children of the wife. 
 The maid servant and her children shall be given their freedom. 
 The children of the wife may not lay claim to the children of the 
 maid servant for service. The wife shall receive her dowry and 
 the gift which her husband gave and deeded to her on a tablet 
 and she may dwell in the house of her husband and enjoy (the 
 property) as long as she lives. She cannot sell it, however, for 
 after her (death) it belongs to her children. 
 
62 The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 § 172.— XXIX, 6-26. 
 
 6 sum-ma mu-za 7 nu-du-un-na-am 8 la id-di- 
 is-si-im 9 le-ri-ik-ta-sa 10 u-ia-la-mu-*'si-im-nia 
 11 i-na SA.GA 12 bit mu-ti-sa 13 si-it-tam 14 
 ki-ma ablim ^is-te-en 15 i-li-ki 16 sum-ma mftrfe- 
 sa 17 as-sum i-na bltim ''su-zi-im 18 u-za-aU-ba- 
 mu-li 19 da-a-a-nu 20 wa-ar-ka-za 21 i-par-ra- 
 su-ma 22 mftr6 ar-nam 23 i-im-mi-du 24 zinnistum 
 si-i 25 i-na bit mu-ti-sa 26 u-ul uz-zi 
 
 § 172A.— XXIX, 27-40. 
 
 27 sum-ma zinnistum si-i 28 a-na wa-si-im 29 
 pa-ni-sa 30 is-ta-ka-an 31 nu-du-un-na-am 32 sa 
 mu-za 83 id-di-nu-si-im 34 a-na mar6-sa 35 i-iz- 
 zi-ib 36 se-ri-ik-tam 37 sa bit a-bi-sa 38 i-li-ki- 
 ma 39 mu-ut li-ib-''bi-sa 40 i-i^-ba-az-zi 
 
 § 173.— XXIX, 41-50. 
 
 41 sum-ma zinnistum si-i 42 a-sar i-ru-bu 43 
 a-na mu-ti-sa 44 wa-ar-ki-im 45 mftr© it-ta-la-ad 
 46 wa-ar-ka zinnistum si-i ''im-tu-ut 47 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 
 48 mftrfi mab-ru-tum 49 u wa-ar-ku-tum 50 i-zu- 
 uz-zu 
 
 § 174.— XXIX, 51-56. 
 
 51 sum-ma a-na, mu-ti-sa 52 wa-ar-ki-im 53 
 mar6 la it-*'ta-la-ad 54 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 55 mare ba- 
 wi-ri-^sa-ma 56 i-li-ku-u 
 
 § 175.— XXIX, 57-68. 
 
 57 sum-ma lu warad •'Skallim 58 u lu warad 59 
 MAS.EN.KAK 60 marat a-wi-lim 61 i-bu-uz-ma 
 62 mar6 63 it-ta-la-ad 64 be-el wardim 65 a-na 
 marS 66 marat a-wi-lim 67 a-na wa-ar-''du-tim 68 
 u-ul i-ra-ag-gu-um 
 
 § 176.— XXIX, 69-XXX, 9. 
 
 69 u sum-ma ''warad 6kallim 70 u lu warad MAS. 
 EN.KAK 71 marat a-wi-lim 72 i-bu-uz-ma 73 i-nu- 
 
Translation 63 
 
 §172. 
 C If her husband have not given her a gift, they shall make good 
 her dowry and she shall receive from the goods of her husband's 
 house a portion corresponding to that of a son. If her children 
 scheme to drive her out of the house, the judges shall inquire into 
 her antecedents and if the children be in the wrong, she shall 
 not go out from her husband's house. If the woman set her 
 face to go out, she shall leave to her children the gift which her 
 husband gave her; she shall receive the dowry of her father's 
 house, and the husband of her choice may take her. 
 
 §173. 
 
 C If that woman bear children to her later husband into whose 
 house she has entered aind later on that woman die, the former 
 and the later children shall divide her dowry. 
 
 §174. 
 
 C If she do not bear children to her later husband, the children 
 of her first husband shall receive her dowry. 
 
 §175. 
 
 C If either a slave of the palace or a slave of a freeman take the 
 daughter of a man (gentleman) and she bear children, the owner 
 of the slave may not lay claim to the children of the daughter of 
 the man for service. 
 
 §176. 
 
 C And if a slave of the palace or a slave of a freeman take the 
 daughter of a man (gentleman) ; and if, when he takes her, she 
 
(U The Code op JJammurabi 
 
 ma i-^u-zu-si 74 ga-du-um 75 se-ri-ik-tim 70 sa 
 bit a-bi-sa 77 a-na bit warad fekallim 78 u lu warad' 
 MAS.EN.KAK 79 i-ru-ub-ma 80 is-tu in-iie-im-du 
 81 bitam i-pu-su 82 bi-sa-am ir-su-u 83 wa-ar-ka- 
 nu-um-ma 84 lu warad fekallim 85 u lu warad MAS. 
 EN.KAK 86 a-na si-im-tim 87 it-ta-la-ak 88 mftrat 
 a-wi-lim 89 se-ri-ik-ta-sa 90 i-li-ki 91 u mi-im- 
 ma 92 sa mu-za u si-i XXX, 1 is-tu ''in-ne-im-du 
 2 ir-su-u 3 a-na si-ni-su 4 i-zu-uz-zu-ma 5 mi- 
 is-lam •'be-el wardim 6 i-li-ki 7 mi-is-lam 8 mftrat 
 a-wi-lim 9 a-na mftr6-sa '^i-li-ki 
 
 § 176A.— XXX, 10-21. 
 
 10 sum-ma ''mftrat a-wi-lim 11 se-ri-ik-tam ''la 
 i-su 12 mi-im-ma ''sa mu-za u si-i 13 is-tu ''in-n.e- 
 im-du 14 ir-su-u 15 a-na si-ni-su 16 i-zu-uz-zu- 
 ma 17 mi-is-lam ''be-el wardim 18 i-li-ki 19 mi- 
 is-lam 20 mftrat a-wi-lim 21 a-na mar6-sa ''i-li-ki 
 
 § 177.— XXX, 22-60. 
 
 22 sum-ma. NU.MU.su 23 sa mftr6-sa 24 si-ib- 
 bi-ru 25 a-na bitim la-ni-im 26 e-ri-bi-im 27 pa- 
 ni-sa 28 is-ta-ka-an 29 ba-lum da-a-a-ni 30 u-ul 
 i-ir-ru-ub 31 i-nu-ma 32 a-na bItim sa-ni-im ^33 
 i-ir-ru-bu 34 da-a-a-nu 35 wa-ar-ka-at 36 bit mu- 
 ti-sa 37 pa-ni-im 38 i-par-ra-su-ma 39 bitam sa 
 mu-ti-sa 40 pa-ni-im 41 a-na mu-ti-sa 42 wa-ar- 
 ki-im 43 u zinnistim su-a-ti 44 i-pa-ak-ki-du-ma 
 45 dup-pa-am 46 u-se-iz-zi-bu-''su-nu-ti 47 bitam 
 i-na-sa-ru 48 u .si-ib-fei^ru-tim 49 u-ra-ab-bu-u 50 
 u-ni-a-tim 51 a-na kaspim 52 u-ul i-na-ad-di-nu 53 
 sa-a-a-ma-nu-um 54 sa u-nu-ut 55 mftrS NU.MU. 
 SU 56 i-sa-am-mu 57 i-na kaspi-su 58 i-te-el-li 
 59 SA.GA. a-na be-li-su 60 i-ta-ar 
 
 § 178.— XXX, 61-XXXI, 19. 
 
 61 sum-ma NIN.AN ''SAL(?) 62 u lu zinnistum 
 zi-ik-''ru-um 63 sa a-bu-sa 64 se.-ri-ik-tain (')-") is- 
 
Tkanblation (55 
 
 enter into the house of the slave of the palace or the slave of the 
 freeman with the dowry of her father's house; if from the time 
 that they join hands, they build a house and acquire property; 
 and if later on the slave of the palace or the slave of the freeman 
 die, the daughter of the man shall receive her dowry, and they 
 shall divide into two parts whatever her husband and she had 
 acquired from the time they had joined hands ; the owner of the 
 slave shall receive one-half and the daughter of the man shall 
 receive one-half for her children. 
 
 § 176A. 
 
 C If the daughter of the man had no dowry they shall divide 
 into two parts whatever her husband and she had acquired from 
 the time they joined hands. The owner of the slave shall receive 
 one-half and the daughter of the man shall receive one-half for 
 her children. 
 
 §177. 
 C If a widow, whose children are minors, set her face to enter 
 .another house, she cannot do so without the consent of the judges. 
 When she enters another house, the judges shall inquire into the 
 estate of her former husband and they shall intrust the estate of 
 her former husband to the later husband and that woman, and 
 they shall deliver to them a tablet (to sign). They shall admin- 
 ister the estate and rear the minors. They may not sell the house- 
 hold goods. He who purchases household goods belonging to 
 the sons of a widow shall forfeit his money. The goods shall 
 revert to their owner. 
 
 § 178. 
 C If (there be) a priestess or a devotee to whom her father has 
 given a dowry and written a deed of gift ; if in the deed which 
 
66 The Code of j5ammurabi 
 
 ru-ku-si-im 66 dup-pa-am 67 is-tu-ru-si-im 68 i-na 
 dup-pi-im 69 sa is-tu-ru-si-im 70 wa-ar-ka-za 71 
 e-ma e-li-sa 72 ta-bu na-da-nam 73 la is-tur-si-im- 
 ma 74 ma-la li-ib-bi-sa 75 Ja u-sa-am-zi-si 76 wa- 
 ar-ka a-bu-um 77 a-na si-im-tim 78 it-ta-al-ku 79 
 ekil-sa u kirft-sa 80 ab-b«-sa 81 i-li-ku-ma 82 ki- 
 ma e-mu-uk 83 zi-it-ti-sa 84 SE.BA NI.BA •'u SIG. 
 BA 85 i-iia-ad-di-nu-sim-ma 86 li-ib-ba-sa 87 u-ta- 
 ab-bu 88 sum-ma a^-bu-sa 89 ki-ma e-mu-uk 90 
 zi-it-ti-sa 91 SE.BA NI.BA u SiG.BA 92 la it-ta- 
 ad-*'nu-si-im-ma XXXI, 1 li-ib-ba-sa 2 la ut-ti-ib- 
 bu 3 ekil-sa u kirft-sa 4 a-na ir-ri-si-im 5 sa 
 e-li-sa ''ta-bu 6 i-na-ad-di-in-ma 7 ir-ri-za 8 it- 
 ta-na-as-si-si 9 eklam kirftm 10 u mi-im-ma 11 sa 
 a-bu-sa 12 id-di-nu-si-im 13 a-di ba-al-ta-at ''i-kal 
 14 a-na kaspim 15 u-ul i-na-ad-di-in 16 sa-ni-a-am 
 17 u-ul u-up-pa-al 18 ' ab-lu-za 19 sa ab-bi-*'sa-ma 
 
 § 179— XXXI, 20-42. 
 
 20 sum-ma NIN.AN §AL(?) 21 u lu zinnisti zi- 
 ••ik-ru-um 22 sa a-bu-sa 23 se-ri-ik-tam 24 is-ru- 
 ku-si-im 25 ku-nu-kam 26 is-tu-ru-si-im 27 i-na 
 dup-pi-im 28 sa is-tu-ru-si-im 29 wa-ar-ka-za 30 
 e-ma e-li-sa ''ta-bu ,31 na-da-nam 32 is-tur-si-im- 
 ma 33 ma-la li-ib-bi-sa 34 us-tam-zi-si 35 wa-ar- 
 ka a-bu-um 36 a-na si-im-tim 37 it-ta-al-ku 38 
 wa-ar-ka-za 39 e-ma e-li-sa ta-bu 40 i-na-ad-di-iu 
 41 ab-hu-sa 42 u-ul i-ba-''ag-ga-ru-si 
 
 § 180.— XXXI, 43-59. 
 
 43 sum-ma a-bu-um 44 a-na marti-su 45 ^"' 
 kallfttim 46 u lu zinnisti zi-''ik-ru-um 47 se-ri-ik- 
 tam 48 la is-[ru]-uk-si-im 49 wa-ar-ka a-bu-um 50 
 a-na si-im-tim 51 it-ta-al-ku 52 i-na SA.GA bit 
 a-ba 53 si-it-tam ki-ma 54 ab-lim is-te.-en 55 i-za- 
 az-ma 56 a-di ba-al-ta-at 57 i-ik-ka-al 58 wa-ar- 
 ka-za 59 sa ab-bi-sa-ma 
 
Translation 67 
 
 he has written for her, he have not written "after her (death) she 
 may give to whomsoever she may please," and if he have not 
 granted her full discretion; after her father dies her brothers 
 shall take her field and garden and they shall give her grain, oil 
 and wool according to the value of her share and they shall make 
 her content. If her brothers do not give her grain, oil, and wool 
 according to the value of her share and they do not make her 
 content, she may give her field and garden to any tenant she 
 may please and her tenant shall maintain her. She shall enjoy 
 the field, garden or anything else which her father gave her as 
 long as she lives. She may not sell it, nor transfer it. Her 
 heritage belongs to her brothers. 
 
 § 179. 
 C If (there be) a priestess or a devotee to whom her father has 
 given a dowry and written a deed of gift; if in the deed which 
 he has written for her, he have written "after her (death) she 
 may give to whomsoever she may please," and he have granted her 
 full discretion ; after her father dies she may give it to whom- 
 soever she may please after her (death). Her brothers may not 
 lay claim against her. 
 
 §180. 
 
 C If a father do not give a dowry to his daughter, a bride or 
 devotee, after her father dies she shall receive as her share in 
 the goods of her father's house the portion of a son, and she 
 shall enjoy it as long as she lives. After her (death) it belongs 
 to her brothers. 
 
68 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 § 181— XXXI, 60-75. 
 60 sum-ma a-bu-um 61 ^"^'''kadistam 62 u lu NU. 
 PAR 63 a-na ilim ia-si-ma 64 se-ri-ik-tam 65 la 
 is-ru-uk-si-im 66 wa-ar-ka a-bu-um 67 a-na si-im- 
 tim 68 it-ta-al-ku 6'J i-na SA.GA bit a-ba 70 IGI. 
 III. GAL abluti-sa 71 i-za-az-ma 72 a-di ba-al-ta- 
 at 73 i-ik-ka-al 74 wa-ar-ka-za 75 sa alj-bi-sa-ma 
 
 § 182.— XXXI, 76-XXXII, 1. 
 
 76 sum-ma a-bu-um 77 a-na marti-su 78 assat '^" 
 Marduk 79 sa Babili.KI 80 se-ri-ik-tam 81 la is- 
 ru-uk-si-im 82 ku-nu-kam 83 la is-tur-si-im 84 
 wa-ar-ka ''a-bu-um 85 a-na si-im-tim 86 it-ta-al-ku 
 87 i-na SA.GA "bit a-ba 88 IGI. III. GAL abluti- 
 sa 89 it-ti ab-bi-sa 90 i-za-az-ma 91 il-kam 92 
 u-ul i-il-la-ak 93 assat ^^" Marduk 94 wa-ar-ka-za 
 95 e-ma e-li-sa 96 ta-bu XXXII, 1 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 183.— XXXII, 2-14. 
 
 2 sum-ma a-bu-um 3 a-na mftrti-su ''su-ge-tim 
 4 se-ri-ik-tam 5 is-ru-uk-si-im 6 a-na mu-tim 7 
 id-di-is-si 8 ku-nu-uk-kam 9 is-tur-si-im 10 wa- 
 ar-ka ''a-bu-um 11 a-na si-im-tim 12 it-ta-al-kii 
 13 i-na SA.GA ''bit a-ba 14 u-ul i-za-az 
 
 § 184.— XXXII, 15-30. 
 15 sum-ma a-wi-lum 16 a-na mftrti-su 17 su-ge- 
 tim 18 se-ri-ik-tam 19 la is-ru-uk-sim 20 a-na 
 mu-tim 21 la id-di-is-si 22 wa-ar-ka ''a-bu-um 23 
 a-na si-im-tim 24 it-ta-al-ku 25 ab-Jju-sa 26 ki- 
 ma e-mu-uk ''bit a-ba 27 se-ri-ik-tam 28 i-sar-ra- 
 ku-''si-ma 29 a-na mu-tim 30 i-na-ad-di-nu-si 
 
 § 185.— XXXII, 31-38. 
 31 sum-ma a-wi-lum 32 si-ili-ra-am 33 i-na me- 
 e-su 34 a-na ma-ru-tim 35 il-ki-ma 36 ur-ta-ab- 
 bi-lu 37 tar-bi-tum si-i 38 u-ul ib-ba-ag-gar 
 
Translation 69 
 
 §181. 
 €1. If a father devote a votary or NU.PAR to a god and do not 
 give her a dowry, after her father dies she shall receive as her 
 share in the goods of her father's house one-third of the portion 
 of a son and she shall enjoy it as long as she lives. After her 
 (death), it belongs to her brothers. 
 
 §182. 
 C If a father do not give a dowry to his daughter, a priestess of 
 Marduk of Babylon, and do not write for her a deed of gift; after 
 her father dies she shall ireceive as her share with her brothers 
 one-third the portion- of a son in the goods of her father's house, 
 but she shall not conduct the business thereof. A priestess of 
 Marduk, after her (death), may give to whomsoever she may 
 please. 
 
 § 183. 
 C If a father present a dowry to his daughter, who is a coii- 
 cubine, and give her to a husband and write a deed of gift; 
 after the father dies she shall not share in the goods of her 
 father's house. 
 
 §184. 
 
 CL If n iiifiii do not present a dowry to his daughter, who is a 
 concubine, and do not give her to a husband; after her father 
 dies her brothers shall present her a dowry proportionate to the 
 fortune of her father's house and they shall give her to a husband. 
 
 § 185. 
 
 C If a man take in his name a young child as a son and rear 
 him, one may not bring claim for that adopted son. 
 
70 The Code op Hammurabi 
 
 § 186— XXXII, 39-49. 
 39 sum-ma a-wi-lum 40 si-ib-ra-am 41 a-na 
 ma-ru-tim '•il-ki 42 i-nu-ma 43 il-ku-u-su 44 a-ba- 
 su 45 u um-ma-su 4G i-bi-a-at 47 tar-bi-tum si-i 
 48 a-na bit a-bi-su 49 i-ta-ar 
 
 § 187— XXXII, 50-53, 
 50 mar NER.SE.GA 51 mu-za-az 6kallim ' 52 u 
 mar zinnisti zi-ik-''ru-um 53 u-ul ib-ba-ag-gar , 
 
 § 188— XXXII, 54-59. 
 54 sum-ma niftr ummanim 55 maram a-na tar-bi- 
 tim 56 il-ki-ma 57 si-bi-ir ga-ti-su 58 us-ta-bi-zu 
 59 u-ul ib-ba-gar 
 
 § 189.— XXXII, 60-64. 
 
 60 sum-ma si-bi-ir ''ga-ti-su 61 la us-ta-bi-zu 62 
 tar-bi-tum si-i 63 a-na bit a-bi-su 64 i-ta-ar 
 
 § 190.— XXXII, 65-74. 
 
 * 65 sum-ma a-wi-lum 66 si-ib-ra-am 67 la a-na 
 
 ma-ru-ti-su 68 il-ku-su-ma 69 u-ra- ab-bu-su 70 
 
 it-ti mar6-su 71 la im-ta-nu-su 72 tar-bi-tum si-i 
 
 73 a-na bit a-bi-su 74 i-ta-ar 
 
 § 191.— XXXII, 75-95. 
 
 75 sum-ma a-wi-lum 76 si-ib-ra-am 77 sa a-na 
 ma-ru-ti-su 78 il-ku-su-ma 79 u-ra-ab-bu-u-su 80 
 bi-zu i-bu-us 81 wa-ar-ka mar6 82 ir-ta-si-ma 
 83 a-na tar-bi-tim na-sa-bi-im 84 pa-nam is-ta-ka- 
 an 85 marum su-u tal-ku-zu 86 u-ul it-ta-al-la-ak 
 87 a-bu-um mu-ra-bi-su 88 i-na SA.GA-su 89 IGI. 
 III. GAL ablati-su 90 i-na-ad-di-is-sum-ma 91 it- 
 ta-la-ak 92 i-na eklim kir6m 93 u bitim 94 u-ul 
 i-na-ad-di- 95 is-sum 
 
 § 192.— XXXII, 96-XXXIII, 9. 
 
 96 sum-ma mar NER.SE.GA XXXIII, 1 u lu mar 
 zinnisti zi-^'ik-ru-um 2 a-na a-bi-im 3 mu-ra-bi-su 
 
Translation 71 
 
 §186. 
 
 C If a man take a young child as a son and, when he takes him, 
 he is rebellious toward his father and mother (who have adopted 
 him), that adopted son shall return to the house of his father. 
 
 §187. 
 C One may not bring claim for the son of a NER.SE.GA, who 
 is a palace guard, or the son of a devotee. 
 
 §188. 
 
 C If an artisan take a son for adoption and teach him his handi- 
 craft, one may not bring claim for him. 
 
 §189. 
 
 C If he do not teach him his handicraft, that adopted son may 
 return to his father's house. 
 
 § 190. 
 
 C If a man do not reckon among his sons the young child 
 whom he has taken for a son and reared, that adopted son may 
 return to his father's house. 
 
 §191. 
 
 C If a man, who has taken a young child as a son and reared 
 him, establish his own house and acquire children, and set his 
 face to cut off the adopted son, that son shall not go his way. 
 The father who reared him shall give to him of his goods one- 
 third the portion of a son and he shall go. He shall not give to 
 him of field, garden or house. 
 
 §192. 
 C If the son of a NER.SE.GA, or the son of a devotee, say 
 to his father who has reared him, or his mother who has reared 
 
72 The Code of ^ammuhabi 
 
 4 n um-mi-im 5 mu-ra-bi-ti-su (> u-ul a-bi •'at-ta 
 7 u-ul um-mi ^at-ti ik-ta-bi 8 lisani-su 9 i-na-ak- 
 ki-su 
 
 S 193— XXXIII, 10-22. 
 
 10 sum-ma mftr NEK.SE.GrA 11 u lu mar zin- 
 nisti zi-'^ik-ru-um 12 bit a-bi-su 13 u-wi-id-di-ma 
 14 a-ba-am 15 mu-ra-bi-su 10 u um-ma-ani 17 
 mu-ra-bi-zu 18 i-si-ir-ma 19 a-na bit a-bi-su 20 
 it-ta-la-ak 21 i-in-su 22 i-na-za-lju 
 
 § 194.— XXXIII, 23-40. 
 
 23 sum-ma a-wi-lum 24 mara-su a-na mu-se-^'ni- 
 ik-tim 25 id-di-in-ma 26 mftrum su-u 27 i-ua ga- 
 at ^mu-se-ni-ik-tim 28 im-tu-ut 29 mu-se-iii-ik- 
 tum 30 ba-lum a-bi-su 31 u nm-mi-su 32 maram 
 ia-ni-a-am-ma 33 ir-ta-ka-as 34 u-ka-an-nu-si-ma 
 35 as-sum ba-lum a-bi-su 30 u um-mi-su 37 mftram 
 sa-ni-a-am 38 ir-ku-su 39 tul6-sa 40 i-na-ak-ki-su 
 
 § 195.— XXXIII, 41-44. 
 
 41 sum-ma mftrum a-ba-su 42 im-ta-ba-as 43 rit- 
 t6-su 44 i-na-ak-ki-su 
 
 § 196.— XXXIII, 45-49. 
 
 45 sum-ma a-wi-lum 46 i-in mftr a-wi-lim 47 
 ulj-tab-bi-it 48 i-in-su 49 u-ba-ap-pa-du 
 
 § 197.— XXXIII, 50-53. 
 
 50 sum-ma NER.PAD.DU *'a-wi-lim 51 is-te-bi- 
 ir 52 NER.PAD.DU-su 53 i-se-ib-bi-ru 
 
 § 198.— XXXIII, 54-59. 
 
 54 sum-ma i-in '^MAS.EN.KAK S5 ub-tab-bi-it 
 56 u lu NER.PAD.DU bMAg.EN.KAK 57 is-te-bi- 
 ir 58 I ma-na kaspim 59 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 199.— XXXIII, 6065. 
 
 00 sum-ma i-in "^warad a-wi-lim 01 ub-tab-bi-it 
 62 u lu NER.PAD.DU ^warad a-wi-lim 63 is-te-bi- 
 ir 64 mi-si-il "^simi-su 65 i-sa-kal 
 
Translation 7b 
 
 him : "My father thou art not," "My mother thou art not," they 
 shall cut out his tongue. 
 
 §193. 
 
 Clf the son of a NEK.SE.GA or the son of a devotee identify 
 his own father's house and hate the father who has reared him 
 and the mother who has reared him and go back to his father's 
 house, they shall pluck out his eye. 
 
 § 194. 
 
 C If a man give his son to a nurse and that son die in the 
 hands of the nurse, and the nurse substitute another son without 
 the consent of his father or mother, they shall call her to account, 
 and because she has substituted another son without the consent 
 of his father or mother, they shall cut off her breast. 
 
 § 195. 
 C If a son strike his father, they shall cut ofif his fingers. 
 
 g 196. 
 C If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his 
 eye. 
 
 §197. 
 C If one break a man's bone, they shall break his bone. 
 
 § 198. 
 C If one destroy the eye of a freeman or break the bone of a 
 freeman, he shall pay one mana of silver. 
 
 §199. 
 
 C If one destroy the eye of a man's slave or break a bone of a 
 man's slave he shall pay one-half his price. 
 
li The Code of Sammukabi 
 
 § 200.— XXXIII, 66-70. 
 66 sum-ma a-wi-lum 67 si-in-ni ''a-wi-lim 08 
 me-ib-ri-su 69 it-ta-di 70 si-in-na-su *'i-na-ad-du-u 
 
 § 201.— XXXIII, 71-74. 
 71 sum-ma si-in-ni 72 MAS.EN.KAK it-ta-di 
 73 ^ ma-na kaspim 74 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 202.— XXXIII, 75-81. 
 
 75 sum-ma a-wi-lum 76 li-e-it a-wi-lim 77 sa 
 e-li-su ra-bu-u 78 im-ta-Jja-as 7'J i-na pu-ub-i'i-im 
 80 i-na '"*^^'' kinazi alpim 81 I SU.Sl im-ma^-ba-as 
 
 § 203.— XXXIII, 82-87. 
 82 sum-ma mftr a-wi-lim 83 li-e-it mflr a-wi-lim 
 84 sa ki-ma su-a-ti 85 im-ta-ba-as 86 I ma-na 
 kaspim 87 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 204.— XXXIII, 88-91. 
 
 88 sum-ma MAS.EN.KAK 89 li-e-it MAS. EN. 
 KAK 90 im-ta-ba-a.s 91 X sikil kaspim i-sa-kal 
 
 § 205.— XXXIII, 92-XXXIV, 3. 
 
 92 sum-ma warad a-wi-lim 93 li-e-it mftr a-wi-lim 
 XXXIV, 1 im-ta-ba-as 2 u-zu-un-su 3 i-na-ak-ki-su 
 
 § 206.— XXXIV, 4-12. 
 
 4 sum-ma a-wi-lum ''a-wi-lam 5 i-na ri-is-''ba- 
 tim 6 im-ta-ba-as-ma 7 zi-im-ma-am 8 is-ta-ka- 
 an-su 9 a-wi-lum su-u 10 i-na i-du-u 11 la am- 
 ba-zu 12 i-tam-ma 13 u A.ZU ''i-ip-pa-al 
 
 § 207.— XXXIV, 13-18. 
 
 14 sum-ma i-na ma-''ba-zi-su 15 im-tu-ut 10 
 i-tam-ma-ma 17 sum-ma mftr a-wi-lim 18 ^ ma-na 
 kaspim 19 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 208.— XXXIV, 19-21. 
 
 20 sum-ma mftr MAS.EN.KAK 21 I ma-na kaspim 
 22 i-sa-kal 
 
Tbanslationi 75 
 
 §200. 
 
 C If a man knock out a tooth of a man of his own rank, they 
 shall knock out his tooth. 
 
 § 201. 
 
 C If one knock out a tooth of a freeman, he shall pay one-third 
 mana of silver. 
 
 §202. 
 
 C If a man strike the person of a man [i. e., commit an assault) 
 who is his superior, he shall receive sixty strokes with an ox-tail 
 whip in public. 
 
 §203. 
 
 C If a man strike another man of his own rank, he shall pay 
 one mana of silver. 
 
 §204. 
 
 C If a freeman strike a freeman, he shall pay ten shekels of 
 silver. 
 
 §205. 
 C If a man's slave strike a man's son, they shall cut off his ear. 
 
 §206. 
 
 C If a man strike another man in a quarrel and wound him, he 
 shall swear: "I struck him without intent," and he shall be 
 responsible for the physician. 
 
 §207. 
 
 C If (he) die as the result of the stroke, he -shall swear (as 
 above), and if he be a man, he shall pay one-half mana of silver. 
 
 §208. 
 
 C If (he) be a freeman, he shall pay one-third mana of silver. 
 
76 The Code of ^Jammukabi 
 
 § 209.— XXXIV, 22-29. 
 23 sum-ma a-wi-lum 24 mftrat a-wi-lim 25 im- 
 ba-as-ma 26 sa li-ib-bi-sa 27 us-ta-di-si 28 X 
 sikil kaspim 29 a-na sa li-ib-''bi-sa 30 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 210.— XXXIV, 30-33. 
 
 31 sum-ma zinnistum li-i 32 im-tu-ut 33 mftra- 
 zu 34 i-du-uk-ku 
 
 § 211.— XXXIV, 34-39. 
 
 35 sum-ma mftrat ''MAS . EN . KAK 30 i-na ma- ; 
 fea-zi-im 37 sa li-ib-bi-sa 38 us-ta-ad-di-si 39 V 
 sikil kaspim 40 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 212.— XXXIV, 40-43. 
 
 4.1. sum-ma zinnistum si 42 im-tu-ut 43 ^ nia- 
 na kaspim 44 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 213.— XXXIV, 44-49. 
 
 45 sum-ma amat a-wi-lim 46 im-ba-a.s-ma 47 
 sa li-ib-bi-sa 48 us-ta-ad-di-si 49 II sikil kaspim 
 50 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 214.— XXXIV, 50-53. 
 
 51 sum-ma amtum li-i 52 im-tu-ut 53 |- ma-na 
 kaspim 54 i-sa-kal 
 
 § 215— XXXIV, 54-65. 
 
 55 sum-ma A.ZU 56 a-wi-lam •'zi-im-ma-am kab- 
 tam 57 i-na GIR.NI siparrim 58 i-bu-us-ma 59 
 a-wi-lam ''ub-ta-al-li-it 60 u lu na-gab-ti ''a-wi-li 
 
 O' 
 
 im 
 
 61 i-na GrIR.NI siparrim 62 ip-te-ma 63 i-in a-wi- 
 lim 64 ub-ta-al-li-it 65 X sikil kaspim 66 i-li-ki 
 
 § 216.— XXXIV, 66-68. 
 
 67 sum-ma mftr MA§.EN.KAK 68 V sikil kaspim 
 69 i-li-ki 
 
 § 217.— XXXIV, 69-72. 
 
 70 sum-ma warad a-wi-lim 71 be-el wardim 
 '•a-na A.ZU 72 II sikil kaspim 73 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
Translation • 77 
 
 §209. 
 
 C If a man strike a man's daughter and bring about a miscar- 
 riage, he shall pay ten shekels of silver for her miscarriage. 
 
 §210. 
 
 C If that woman die, they shall put his daughter to death. 
 
 § 211. 
 C If, through a stroke, he bring about a miscarriage to the 
 daughter of a freeman, he shall pay five shekels of silver. / 
 
 §212. 
 C If that woman die, he shall pay one-half mana of silver. 
 
 §213. 
 
 C If he strike the female slave of a man and bring about a mis- 
 carriage, he shall pay two shekels of silver. 
 
 §214. 
 C If that female slave die, he shall pay one-third mana of silver. 
 
 §215. 
 
 C If a physician operate on a man for a severe wound (or make 
 a severe wound upon a man) with a bronze lancet and save the 
 man's life; or if he open an abscess (in the eye) of a man with 
 a 'bronze lancet and save that man's eye, he shall receive ten 
 shekels of silver (as his fee). > 
 
 §216. 
 C If he be a freeman, he shall receive five shekels. 
 
 §217. 
 
 C If it be a man's slave, the owner of the slave shall give two 
 shekels of silver to the physician. 
 
78 The Code of ^Jammurabi 
 
 § 218.— XXXIV, 73-82. 
 
 74 sum-ma A.ZU a-wi-lam 75 zi-im-ma-am kab- 
 tam 76 i-na GIR.NI siparrim 77 i-bu-us-ma 78 
 a-wi-lam us-ta-mi-it 79 u lu na-gab-ti a-wi-lim 80 
 i-na GIR.NI siparrim 81 ip-te-ma i-in a-wi-lim 82 
 ub-tab-bi-it 83 rittS-su i-na-ki-su 
 
 § 219.— XXXIV, 83-87. 
 84 sum-ma A.ZU zi-ma-am kab-tam 85 warad 
 MAg.EN.KAK 8() i-na GIR.NI siparrim 87 i-bu- 
 us-ma us-ta-mi-it 88 wardam ki-ma wardim i-ri-ab 
 
 § 220.— XXXIV, 88-93. 
 89 sum-ma na-gab-ta-su 90 i-na GIR.NI sipar- 
 rim 91,, ip-te-ma 92 i-in-su u^-tab-da ( = it) 93 
 kaspam mi-si-il 94 simi-su i-sa-kal 
 
 § 221.— XXXIV, 94-XXXV, 9. 
 95 sum-ma A.ZU 96 NER.PAD.DU a-wi-lim 
 XXXV, 1 se-bi-ir-tam 2 us-ta-li-im 3 u lu se-ir 
 ba-nam 4 mar-sa-am 5 ub-ta-al-li-it 6 be-el si- 
 im-mi-im 7 a-na A.ZU 8 V likil kaspim 9 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 
 
 § 222.— XXXV, 10-12. 
 
 10 sum-ma *'m&r MAS.EN.KAK 11 III sikil 
 kaspim 12 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 223.— XXXV, 13-17. 
 13 sum-ma ^warad a-wi-lim 14 be-el wardim 15 
 a-na A.ZU 16 II sikil kaspim 17 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 224.— XXXV, 18-28. 
 
 18 sum-ma A.ZU alpim 19 u lu imfirim 20 lu 
 
 alpam u lu im6ram 21 si-im-ma-am kab-tam 22 
 
 j-bu-us-ma 23 ub-ta-al-li-it 24 be-el alpim ^u lu 
 
 imferim 25 IGI.VI.GAL kaspim 26 a-na A.ZU 27 
 ID-su 28 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
Translation • 79 
 
 §218. 
 
 C If a pbysiciai) operate on a man for a severe wound with a 
 bronze lancet and cause the man's death; or open an abscess (in 
 the eye) of a man with a bronze lancet and destroy the man's 
 eye, they shall cut off his fingers. 
 
 § 219. 
 C If a physician operate on a slave of a freeman for a severe 
 wound with a bronze lancet and cause his death, he shall restore 
 a slave of equal value. 
 
 §220. 
 
 C If he open an abscess (in his eye) with a bronze lancet, and 
 destroy his eye, he shall pay silver to the extent of one-half of 
 his price. 
 
 §221. 
 
 C If a physician set a broken bone for a man or cure his dis- 
 eased bowels, the patient shall give five shekels of silver to the 
 physician. 
 
 §222. 
 
 C If he be a freeman, he shall give three shekels of silver. 
 
 §223. 
 C If it be a man's slave, the owner of the slave shall give two 
 shekels of silver to the physician. 
 
 § 224. 
 
 C If a veterinary physician operate on an ox or an ass for a 
 severe wound and save its life, the owner of the ox or ass shall 
 give to the physician, as his fee, one-sixth of a shekel of silver. 
 
80 The Code op JJammurabi 
 
 § 225.— XXXV, 29-35. 
 29 sum-ma alpam u lu imSram 80 zi-im-ma-am 
 ^kab-tam 31 i-bu-us-ma 32 us-ta-mi-it 33 IGI.IV. 
 GAL simi-su 34 a-na be-el alpim ^u lu imfirim 35 
 i-na-ad-dl-in 
 
 § 226. -XXXV, 36-42. 
 36 sum-ma gallabum 37 ba-lum be-el wardim 
 38 ab-bu-ti 39 wardi la se-e-im 40 u-gal-li- 
 ib 41 ritte ''gallabim su-a-ti 42 i-na-ak-ki-su 
 
 § 227.— XXXV, 43-55. 
 43 sum-ma a-wi-lum 44 gallabam i-da-as-mn 45 
 ab-bu-ii 46 wardi la se-e-im 47 ug-da-al-li-ib 
 48 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 49 i-du-uk-ku-su-ma 50 i-iia 
 babi-su 51 i-ba-al-la-*'lu-su 52 gallabum i-na 
 i-du-u 53 la ii-gal-li-bu 54 i-tam-ma-ma 55 u-ta- 
 as-sar 
 
 § 228.— XXXV, 56-63, 
 56 sum-ma bftnum 57 bitam a-na a-wi-lim 58 
 i-bu-us-ma 59 u-sa-ak-li-''il-sum (50 a-na I SAE, 
 bitim 61 II sikil kaspim 62 a-na ki-is-ti-su ()3 
 i-na-ad-di-is-sum 
 
 § 229,— XXXV, 64-72. 
 
 64 sum-ma bftnUm 65 a-na a-wi-lim 66 bitam 
 i-bu-us-ma 67 si-bi-ir-su 68 la u-dan-ni-in-ma 69 
 bitum i-bu-su 70 im-ku-ut-ma 71 be-el bItim ''us- 
 ta-mi-it 72 bftnum su-u id-da-ak 
 
 § 230.— XXXV, 73-76. 
 
 73 sum-ma mar be-el bItim 74 us-ta-mi-it 75 
 mar banim su-a-ti 76 i-du-uk-ku 
 
 • § 231.— XXXV, 77-81. 
 
 77 sum-ma warad be-el bitim 78 us-ta-mi-it 79 
 wardam ki-ma wardim 80 a-na he-el bitim 81 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 
 
Translation 81 
 
 §225. 
 
 C If he operate on an ox or an ass for a severe wound and 
 cause its death, he shall give to the owner of the ox or ass one- 
 fourth its value. 
 
 §226. 
 
 C If a brander, without the consent of the owner of the slave, 
 brand a slave with the sign that he cannot be sold, they shall 
 cut off the fingers of that brander. 
 
 §227. 
 
 C If a man deceive a brander and he brand a slave with the sign 
 that he cannot be sold, they shall put that man to death, and 
 they shall cast him into his house. The brander shall swear: "I 
 did not brand him knowingly," and he shall go free. 
 
 §228. 
 
 C If a builder build a house for a man and complete it, (that 
 man) shall give him two shekels of silver per SAK. of house as 
 his wage. 
 
 § 229. 
 
 C If a builder build a house for a man and do not make its 
 construction firm, and the house which he has built collapse and 
 cause the death of the owner of the house, that builder shall be 
 put to death. 
 
 §230. 
 
 C If it cause the death of a son of .the owner of the house, they 
 shall put to death a son of that builder. 
 
 § 231. 
 
 C If it cause the death of a slave of the owner of the house, he 
 shall give to the owner of the house a slave of equal value. 
 
82 The Code of B[ammukabi 
 
 § 232.— XXXV, 82-92. 
 82 sum-ma SA.GA 83 ub-ta-al-li-ik 84 mi-im- 
 nia 85 sa u-bal-li-ku 8() i-ri-ab 87 u as-sum 
 bitam i-bu-su 98 la u-dan-ni-nu-ma 81) im-ku-tu 
 90 i-na SA.GA 91 ra-ma-ni-su 92 bitam im-ku-tu 
 i-ib-bi-es 
 
 § 233.— XXXV, 93-XXXVI, 3 
 
 93 sum-ma bftnum bitam 94 a-na a-wi-lim i-bu- 
 us-ma 95 si-bi-ir-su 96 la us-te-is-bi-ma 97 
 
 igarum 
 
 ik-tu-up 98 
 
 bftnum su-u XXXVI, 
 
 1 i-na 
 
 kaspini 
 
 ''ra-ma-ui-su 
 
 2 igaram su-a-ti 3 
 
 u-dau- 
 
 na-aii 
 
 
 
 
 § 234.— XXXVI, 4-9. 
 
 4 sum-ma malabum 5 elippi LX GrUR a-na 
 a-wi-lim ip-bi 7 11 sitil kaspim 8 a-na ki-is-ti-su 
 9 i-na-ad-di-''is-sum 
 
 § 235.- XXXVI, 10-26. 
 
 10 sum-ma malaljum 11 elippam ''a-na a-wi-lim 12 
 ip-bi-ma 13 si-bi-ir-su 14. la u-tak-^'ki-il-ma 15 
 i-na sa-at-tim-ma ''su-a-ti 16 elippiim si-i 17 iz-za- 
 par 18 bi-di-tam ir-ta-si 19 malabum 20 elippam 
 su-a-ti 21 i-na-kar-ma 22 i-na SA.GtA ''ra-ma-ni- 
 su 23 u-dan-na-an-ma 24 elippam dan-na-tam 25 
 a-na be-el elippim 26 i-na-ad-di-in • 
 
 § 236.— XXXVI, 27-37. 
 27 sum-ma a-wi-lum 28 elippi -su 29 a-na mal- 
 abim 30 a-na ig-ri'-im 31 id-di-in-ma 32 malabum 
 ''i-gi-ma 33 elippam ut-te-bi 34 u lu ub-ta-''al-li-ik 
 35 malabum elippam 36 a-na be-el elippim 37 i-ri- 
 a-aib 
 
 § 237.— XXXVI, 38-55. 
 
 38 sum-ma a-wi-lum 39 malabam ''u elippam 40 
 i-gur-ma 41 se'am sipfttam samnam suluppam 42 u 
 mi-im-ma ''sum-su 43 sa si-nim 44 i-si-en-si 45 ma- 
 labum su-u 46 i-gi-ma 47 elippam ut-te-ib-bi 48 
 u sa li-ib-''bi-sa 49 ub-ta-al-li-ik 50 malabum 51 
 
Translation 83 
 
 §232. 
 
 C If it destroy property, he shall restore whatever it destroyed, 
 and because he did not make the house which he built firm and 
 it collapsed, he shall rebuild the house which collapsed from his 
 own property (r. e., at his own expense). 
 
 §233. 
 
 C If a builder build a house for a man and do not make its 
 construction meet the requirements and a wall fall in, that 
 builder shall strengthen that wall at his own expense. 
 
 § 234. 
 C If a boatman build a boat of 6C^ GrUK, for a man, he shall give 
 to him two shekels of silver as his wage. 
 
 _ § 235. 
 
 C If a boatman build a boat for a maji and he do not make its 
 construction seaworthy and that boat meet with a disaster in the 
 same year in which it was put into commission, the boatman shall 
 reconstruct that boat and he shall strengthen it at his own 
 expense and he shall give the boat when strengthened to the 
 owner of the boat. 
 
 §236. 
 
 C If a man hire his boat to a boatman and the boatman be care- 
 less and he sink or wreck the boat, the boatman shall replace the 
 boat to the owner of the boat. 
 
 §237. 
 
 C; If a man hire a boatman and a boat and freight it with grain, 
 wool, oil, dates or any other kind of freight, and that boatman 
 be careless and he sink the boat or wreck its cargo, the boatman 
 
84 The Code of ^Jammueabi 
 
 elippam sa u-te-''ib-bu-u 52 u mi-im-ma 53 sa i-na 
 li-ib-bi-la 54 u-ljal-li-ku 55 i-ri-a-ab 
 
 § 238.— XXXVI, 56-61. 
 
 5f) sum-ma malabum 57 elippi a-wi-lim 58 u-te- 
 ib-bi-ma 59 us-te-li-a-as-si (50 , kaspi mi-si-il ''si- 
 mi-sa 61 i-na-ad-di-[in ] 
 
 § 239.— XXXVI, 62-66. 
 62 sum-ma a-wi-[lum] 63 malabam [i-gur] 64 VI 
 [SE.GUR] 65 i-na la-na[-at] 66 i-na-acl-[di]-*'is- 
 [sum] 
 
 § 240.— XXXVI, 67-80. 
 
 67 sum-ma [elippum] 68 sa ma-bi-ir-[timj 69 
 elippam sa mu-[ukj-''ki-el-bi-[timj 70 im-Ua-as-ma 
 71 ut-te-ib-bi 72 be-el elippim sa elippu-su ''te-bi- 
 a-at 73 mi-im-ma sa i-na ''elippi-su bal-ku 74 i-na 
 ma-bar i-lim 75 u-ba-ar-ma 76 sa ma-bi-ir-tir^ 77 
 sa elippam sa mu-uk-'^ki-el-bi-tim 78 u-te-ib-bu-u 79 
 elippi-su u mi-im-^ma-su bal-ga-am 80 i-ri-a-ab-sum 
 
 § 241.— XXXVI, 81-84. 
 
 81 sum-ma a-wi-lum 82 alpam a-na ni-bu-tim 83 
 it-te-bi 84 ^ ma-na kaspim i-sa-kal 
 
 § 242.— XXXVI, 85-88. 
 
 wi-lum 86 a-na s 
 ID GUD.DA.UR.RA 88 IV SE.GUR. 
 
 85 sum-ma a-wi-lum 86 a-na sattim I i-gur 87 
 
 § 243.— XXXVI, 89-91. 
 
 89 ID GUD.UD.LID.SAG 90 III SE.GUR a-na 
 be-li-su 91 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 244.— XXXVII, 1-5. 
 
 XXXVII, 1 sum-ma a-wi-lum 2 alpam imSram i- 
 gur-ma 3 i-na .si-ri-im 4 UR.MAH id-du-uk-su 5 
 a-na be-li-su-ma 
 
Teanslation 85 
 
 shall replace the boat which he sank and whatever portion of the 
 cai;go he wrecked. 
 
 §238. 
 
 C If a boatman sink a man's boat and refloat it, he shall give 
 silver to the extent of one-half its value. 
 
 §239. 
 
 C If a man hire a boatman, he shall give him six GUR of graiii 
 per year. 
 
 §240. 
 
 C If a boat under way strike a ferryboat (or boat at anchor), and 
 sink it, the ownfer of the boat whose boat was sunk shall make 
 declaration in the presence of god of everything that was lost in 
 his boat and (the owner) of (the vessel) under way which sank 
 the ferryboat shall replace his boat and whatever was lost. 
 
 §241. 
 C If a man seize an ox for debt, he shall pay one-third mana of 
 silver. 
 
 § 242, § 243. 
 C If a man hire (an ox) for a year, he shall give to its owner 
 four GUR of grain as the hire of a draught ox, (and) three 
 GUR of grain as the hire of an ox ( ?). 
 
 §244. 
 C If a man hire an ox or an ass and a lion kill it in the field, it 
 is the owner's affair. 
 
86 The Code of JJammurabi 
 
 § 245— XXXVII, 6-13, 
 6 sum-ma a-wi-lum 7 alpam i-gur-ma 8 i-na me- 
 gu-tim 9 u lu i-na ma-ba-*'zi-im 10 us-ta-mi-it 11 
 alpam ki-ma alpim 12 a-na be-el alpim 13 i-ri-a-ab 
 
 § 246. -XXXVII, 14-21. 
 14 sum-ma a-wi-lum 15 alpam i-gur-ma 16 s6pi- 
 su is-te-bi-ir 17 u lu la-bi-a-an-su 18 it-ta-ki-is 
 19 alpam ki-ma alpim 20 a-na be-el alpim 21 i-ri- 
 a-ab 
 
 § 247.— XXXVII, 22-27. 
 
 22 3um-ma a-wi-lum 23 alpam i-gur-ma 24 In- 
 su ub-tab-(la( = it) 25 kaspi mi-si-il simi-su 26 a- 
 na be-el alpim 27 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 248.— XXXVII, 28-35. 
 28 sum-ma a-wi-lum 29 alpam i-gur-ma 30 kar- 
 ni-su is-bi-ir 31 zibba-zu it-ta-ki-is 32 u lu ser 
 pasutti-su 33 it-ta-sa-ak 34 kaspi IGI.IV.GAL 
 sImi-su 35 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 249.— XXXVII, 36-43. 
 36 sum-ma a-wi-lum 37 alpam i-gur-ma 38 i-lum 
 im-ba-zu-ma 39 im-tu-ut 40 a-wi-lum sa alpam ''i- 
 gu-ru 41 ni-is i-lim 42 i-za-kar-ma 43 u-ta-as-sar 
 
 § 250.— XXXVII, 44-51. 
 
 44 sum-ma alpum zu-ga-am 45 i-na a-la-ki-su 
 40 a-wi-lam 47 ik-ki-ib-ma 48 us-ta-mi-it 49 di- 
 nu-um su-u 50 ru-gu-um-ma-am 51 u-ul i-su 
 
 § 251.— XXXVII, 52-65. 
 
 52 sum-ma alap a-wi-lim 53 na-ak-ka-a[m-ma] 54 
 ki-ma na-ak-ka-^pu-u 55 ba-ab-ta-su 56 u-se-di- 
 sum-ma 57 kar-ni-su 58 la u-sar-ri-im 59 alpi-su 
 la u-sa-''an-ni-ik-ma 60 alpum su-u 61 mftr a-wi-lim 
 62 ik-ki-ib-ma 63 us-ta-mi-it 64 ^ [maj-na kaspim 
 65 i-[na]-ad-di-in 
 
Teanslation 87 
 
 §245. 
 
 C If (I man hire an ox and cause its death through neglect or 
 abuse, he shall restore an ox of equal value to the owner of tlj&ox; 
 
 § 246. i- • • 
 
 C If a man hire an ox and he break its foot_ or cut its ham- 
 string ( ?), he shall restore an ox of equal value to the owner of 
 the ox. 
 
 §247. 
 
 C If a man hire an ox and destroy its eye, he shall pay silver 
 to the owner of the ox to the extent of one-half its value. 
 
 § 248. y 
 
 C If a man hire an ox and break its horn or cut off its tail or 
 injure the flesh (through which) the ring (passes), he shall pay 
 silver to the extent of one-fourth of its valiie. 
 
 §249. 
 
 C If a man hire an ox and a god strike it and it die, the man 
 who hired the ox shall take an oath before god and go free. 
 
 §250. 
 
 C If a bull, when passing through the street, gore a man and 
 bring about his death, this case has no penalty. 
 
 §251. 
 
 C If a man's bull have been wont to gore and they have made 
 known to him his habit of goring, and he have not protected his 
 horns or have not tied him up, and that bull gore the son of a 
 man and bring about his death, he shall pay one-half mana of 
 silver. 
 
.88 The Code op Hammurabi 
 
 § 252— XXXVII, 66-68. 
 
 06 [sum-maj warad a-wi-lim G7 ^ ma-na kaspim 
 08 i-na-nd-di-in 
 
 § 253.— XXXVII, 69-82. 
 
 (59 sum-ma a-wi-lum ''a-wi-lam 70 a-na pa-ni 
 ekli-su 71 u-zu-uz-zi-im 72 i-gur-ma 73 al-dd-a- 
 am 74 [i]-ki-ip-su 75 [LID].GUD.ZUN "ip.ki-zum 
 70 [a-na] eklim e-ri-si-im ''u-ra-ak-ki-su 77 sum-ma 
 a-wi-lum su-u 78 SE.ZIK u lu SI. GAL 79 is- 
 ri-ik-ma 80 i-na ga-ti-su 81 it-ta-as-ba-at 82 
 ritt6-su i-na-ak-ki-su 
 
 § 254.— XXXVII, 83-87. 
 
 83 sum-ma al-dA-a-am 84 il-ki-ma LID.GUD.ZUN 
 
 85 u-te-en-ni-is 80 ta-a-na se'im sa im-ri-ru 87 
 
 i-ri-ab 
 
 § 255.— XXXVII, 88-96. 
 
 88 sum-ma LID.GUD.ZUN , 89 a-wi-lim a-na ig- 
 ri-im 90 it-ta-di-in 91 u lu SE.ZIK is-ri-ik-ma 
 92 i-na eklim la us-tab-si 93 a-wi-lam su-a-ti 94 
 u-ka-an-nu-su-ma 95 i-na eburim X GAN.E 90 LX 
 SE.GUR i-ma-ad-da-ad 
 
 § 256.— XXXVII, 97-100. 
 97 . sum-ma bi-ba-zu 98 a-pa-lam la i-li-i 99 
 i-na eklim su-a-ti ^Lna GUD.LID.ZUN 100 im-ta- 
 na-as-sa-ru-su 
 
 § 257.— XXXVII, 101-XXXVIII, 4. 
 101 sum-ma a-wi-lum XXXVIII, 1 AK.SU i-gur 2 
 YIII gE.GUR 3 i-na sattim I ^^"^ 4 i-na-ad-di-is- 
 sum . 
 
 § 258.— XXXVIII, 5-9. 
 
 5 sumt-ma a-wi-lum SA.GUD i-gur 7 VI 
 gE.GUR 8 i-na sattim I '''"" 9 i-na-ad-di-is-sum 
 
 § 259.-XXXVIII, 10-15. 
 
 10 sum-ma a-wi-lum 11 GiS.APIN i-na ugarim 
 12 is-ri-ik 13 V sikil kaspim 14 a-na be-el GI§. 
 APIN 15 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
Translation 89 
 
 §252. 
 
 C If it be the servant of a man, he shall pay one-third mana of 
 silver. 
 
 §253. 
 
 C If a man hire a man to oversee his farm and furnish him the 
 seed-grain and intrust him with oxen and contract with him to 
 cultivate the field, and that man steal either the seed or the crop 
 and it be found in his possession, they shall cut off his fingers. 
 
 §254. 
 
 C If he take the seed-grain and overwork the oxen, he shall 
 restore the quantity of grain which he has hoed. 
 
 § 255. 
 
 C If he let the oxen of the man on hire, or steal the seed-grain 
 and there be no crop in the field, they shall call that man to 
 account and he shall measure out 60 GUR of grain per 10 GAN. 
 
 §256. 
 
 C If he be not able to meet his obligation, they shall leave him 
 in that field with the cattle. 
 
 § 257. 
 C If a man hire a field-laborer, he shall pay him 8 GUR of grain 
 per year. 
 
 §258. 
 
 C If a man hire a herdsman, he shall pay .him 6 GUR of grain 
 per year. 
 
 § 259. , ., 
 
 C If a man steal a watering-machine.dn a field, he shall pay 5 
 shekels of silver to the owner of the watering-machine. 
 
 ; ■ ]■■■ 
 
90 The Code of IJammukabi 
 
 § 260.— XXXVIII, 16-20. 
 16 sum-ma GiS . APIN . TUK . KIN 17 u lu Gig. 
 GAN.UK 18 is-ta-ri-ik 19 III sikil kaspim 20 
 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 261.— XXXVIII, 21-27. 
 
 21 sum-ma a-wi-lum 22 nftkidam ''a-na LID. 
 GUD.ZUN 23 u s6nS 24 ri-im i-gur 25 VIII SE. 
 GUR 26 i-na sattim I ''«°' 27 i-na-ad-di-is-sum 
 
 § 262.— XXXVIII, 28-30. 
 
 28 sum-ma a-wi-lum 29 alpam u lu immeraiu 30 
 
 a-na 
 
 § 263.— XXXVIII, 37-43. 
 37 sum-ma [alpam] ''u lu immeram 38 sa in-na- 
 ad-nu-sum 39 ub-ta-al-li-ik 40 alpam ki-ma [alpimj 
 41 immeram ki-ma [immerim] 42 a-na be-li-[su-iiu] 
 43 i-ri-a-[ab] 
 
 § 264.— XXXVIII, 44-60. 
 
 44 sum-ma [r6'um] 45 sa LID.GUD.[ZUN] 46 u 
 lu s6ne 47 a-na ri-im 48 in-na-ad-nu-sum 49 ID- 
 su mimma(?) bar( ?)-ra-tim 50 ma-lji-ir 51 li-ib- 
 ba-su ta-ab 52 LID.GUN.ZUN 53 | uz |-za-ab-bi-ir 
 54 s6nS 55 uz-za-ab-bi-ir 56 ta-li-id-tam ^um-ta- 
 di 57 a-na pi ri-ik-'^sn-ti-su 58 ta-li-id-tam 59 u 
 bi-il-tam 60 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 265.— XXXVIII, 61-75. 
 
 61 sum-ma r6'um 62 sa LID. GUD.ZUN 63 u 
 s6n6 64 a-na ri-im 65 in-na-ad-nu-sum (56 u-sa- 
 ar-''ri-ir-ma 67 si-im-tam ''ut-ta-ak-ki-ir 68 u a-na 
 kaspim 69 it-ta-di-in 70 u-ka-an-nu -su- ma 71 
 a-du X-su bga is-ri-ku 72 LID. GUD.ZUN 73 u 
 s6n6 74 a-na be-li-su-nu 75 i-ri-a-ab 
 
 § 266.— XXXVIII, 76-81. 
 
 76 sum-ma i-na tarbasim 77 li-bi-it i-lim ''it- 
 tab-si 78 u lu UE.MAH id-du-uk ''rfi'um ma-har 
 ilim 79 u-ub-ba-am-ma 80 mi-ki-it-ti tarba.sim 
 81 be-el tarbasim i-mab-bar-su 
 
Teanslation 91 
 
 §260. 
 
 C If a man steal a watering-bucket or a harrow; he shall pay 3 
 shekels of silver. 
 
 §261. 
 
 C If a man hire a herdsman to pasture oxen or sheep, he shall 
 pay him 8 GUR of grain per year. 
 
 §262. 
 
 C If a man, an ox or a sheep to 
 
 §263. 
 
 C If he lose an ox or sheep which is given to him, he shall 
 restore to their owner ox for ox, sheep for sheep. 
 
 §264. 
 
 C If a shepherd, to whom oxen or sheep have been given to 
 pasture, receive as his hire whatever was agreed upon (?) and be 
 satisfied, and he let the cattle or sheep decrease in number, or 
 lessen the birth rate, according to his contracts he shall make 
 good the birth rate and the produce. 
 
 § 265. 
 
 C If a shepherd, to whom oxen or sheep have been given to pas- 
 ture, have been dishonest or have altered their price, or sold them, 
 they shall call him to account, and he shall restore to their owner 
 oxen and sheep tenfold what he has stolen. 
 
 §266. 
 
 C If a visitation of god happen to a fold, or a lion kill, the 
 shepherd shall declare himself innocent before god, and the owner 
 of the fold shall suffer the damage. 
 
92 The Code of JJammueabi 
 
 § 267.— XXXVIII, 82-89. 
 
 82 sum-ma rS'um i-gu-ma 83 i-na tarbasim kaz- 
 za-tam us-tab-si 84 rfe'um bi-di-it kaz-za-tim 85 
 sa i-na tarbasim u-sa-ab-su-u 86 LID.GrUN.ZUN u 
 sen© 87 u-sa-lam-ma 88 a-na be-li-su-nu 89 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 
 
 § 268.— XXXVIII, 90-92. 
 
 90 sum-ma a-wi-lum alpam 91 a-na di-a-si-im 
 i-gur 92 20 KA se'im ID-su 
 
 § 269.— XXXVIII, 93-95. 
 93 sum-ma im6ram 94 a-na di-a-si-im i-gur 95 
 10 KA se'im ID-su 
 
 § 270.— XXJ^VIII, 96-98. 
 
 96 sum-ma lalftm 97 a-na di-a-si-im i-gur 98 I 
 KA se'im ID-su 
 
 § 271.— XXXVIII, 99-XXXIX, 2. 
 
 99 sum-ma a-wi-lum 100 LID.GUD.ZUN sumbam 
 101 u mu-ur-te-''di-sa i-gur XXXIX, 1 i-na limi I 
 ^'"" CLXXX KA se'im 2 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 272.— XXXIX, 3-7. 
 
 3 sum-ma a-wi-lum 4 sumba-ma 5 a-na ra-ma- 
 ni-sa ^i-gur 6 i-na limi I *'»™ XL KA se'im 7 
 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 273.— XXXIX, 8-19. 
 
 8 sum-ma a-wi-lum 9 "'"^'"agram i-gur 10 is- 
 tu ri-es ''sa-at-tim 11 a-di ba-fim-si-im ''arbi-im 12 
 VI SE kaspim 13 i-na timi I ■""" 14 i-na-ad-di-in 
 15 is-tu. si-''si-im arlji-im 16 a-di ta-ak-ti-da ''sa- 
 at-tim 17 Y SE kaspim 18 i-na iimi I '"'■" 19 i-na- 
 ad-di-in 
 
 § 274.— XXXIX, 20-44. 
 
 20 sum-ma a-wi-lum 21 mftr ummftnim 22 i-ig- 
 
 ga-ar 23 ID '>">«i» 24 V SE kaspim 25 ID 
 
 amfiiu GAB. A 26 V SE kaspim 27 [ID] """fii^KAD 
 
Teanslation 93 
 
 §267. 
 d. If a shepherd be careless and he bring about an accident in 
 the fold, the shepherd shall make good in cattle and sheep the 
 loss through the accident which he brought about in the fold, and 
 give them to their owner. 
 
 §268. 
 C If a man hire an ox to thresh, 20 KA of grain is its hire. 
 
 § 269. 
 C If he hire an ass to thresh, 10 KA of grain is its hire. 
 
 §270. 
 
 C If he hire a youug animal (goat) to thresh, 1 KA of grain is 
 its hire. 
 
 §271. 
 
 C If a man hire oxen, a wagon and a driver, he shall pay 180 
 KA of grain per day. 
 
 §272. 
 C If a man hire a wagon only, he shall pay 40 KA of grain 
 per day. 
 
 § 273. 
 C If a man hire a laborer, from the beginning of the year until 
 the fifth month, he shall pay 6 SE of silver per day; from the 
 sixth month till the end of the year he shall pay 5 SE of silver 
 per day. 
 
 §274. 
 
 C If a man hire an artisan, the wage of a is 5 SE of ^, 
 
 silver; the wage of a brickmaker( ?) is 5 SE of silver; the, wage <^ 
 of a tailor is 5 SE of silver; the wage of is ... . 
 
94 The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 28 [V§E] kaspim 29 [ID] """^i^GUL 30 [§E] 
 
 kaspim 31 [IDJ amaiuQ^c?) 32 ... [gE] kaspim 33 
 ID ... . tu") 34 ... [SEJ kaspim 35 [ID] . . . naii- 
 garim 36 IV §E kaspim 37 ID SA 38 IV SE 
 kaspim 39 ID AT. KIT 40 . . ; SE kaspim 41 ID 
 ameiubanim 42 ... [SE] kaspim 43 i-na [limi] I ^'"" 
 44 [i-na-ad-di]-in 
 
 § 275.— XXXIX, 45-48. 
 
 45 [sum-ma a]-wi-lum 46 .... da*'' i-gur 47 
 i-na umi I '""" 48 III gE kaspim ID-sa 
 
 § 276.— XXXIX, 49-52. 
 
 49 sum-ma ma-bi-ir-tam i-gur 50 11^ SE kaspim 
 ''ID-sa 51 i-na umi I ''*" 52 i-na-ad-di-in 
 
 § 277.-XXXIX, 53-57. 
 53 sum-ma a-wi-lum 54 elippi LX GUR i-gur 
 55 i-na Ami I ''"'" 56 IGI.VI.GAL kaspim '>ID-sa 
 57 i-na-ad-di^in 
 
 § 278.— XXXIX, 58-66. 
 
 58 sum-ma a-wi-lum 59 wardam amtam i-sa-ani- 
 ma 00 arbi-su la im-la-ma 61 bi-en-ni e-li-su 62 
 im-ta-ku-ut a-na na-di-na- 63 -ni-su u-ta-ar-ma 
 64 sa-a-a-ma-nu-um 65 kaspam , is-ku-lu 66 i-li-ki 
 
 § 279.— XXXIX, 67-71. 
 67 sum-ma a-wi-lum 68 wardam amtam i-sa-am- 
 ma ' 69 ba-ag-ri ''ir-ta-si 70 na-di-na-an-su 71 ba- 
 ag-ri i-ip-pa-al 
 
 § 280.— XXXIX, 72-87. 
 
 72 sum-ma a-wi-lum 73 i-na ma-at 74 iiu-ku- 
 ur-tim 75 wardam amtam sa ''a-wi-lim 76 is-ta-am 
 77 i-nu-ma 78 i-na li-ib-bu mfttim 79 it-ta-al- 
 kam-ma 80 be-el wardim u hi amtim 81 lu wara- 
 zu u lu ama-zu 82 u-te-id-di 83 sum-ma wardum 
 u amtum su-nu 84 mftrfi ma-tim 85 ba-lum kaspi- 
 ma 86 an-du-ra-ar-su-nu 87 is-sa-ak-ka-an 
 
Translation 95 
 
 SE of silver; the wage of a .... is ... . SE of silver; the 
 wage of a .... is ... . SE of silver; the wage of a carpen- 
 ter is 4 SE of silver; the wage of a (?) is 4 SE of silver; 
 the wage of a (?) is ... . SE of silver; the wage of a 
 mason is ... . SE of silver; so much per day shall he nay. 
 
 § 275. : 
 
 C If ft man hire a its hire is 3 SE of silver per day. 
 
 § 276. 
 C If he hire a sail-boat( ?), he shall pay 2^ SE of silver per day 
 as its hire. ■ 
 
 §277. 
 C If a man hire a boat of 60 GUR (tonnage), he shall pay -^ ot 
 a shekel of silver as its hire per day. 
 
 §278. 
 
 C If a man sell a male or female slave, and the slave have not 
 completed his month, and the bennu fever fall upon him, he 
 (the purchaser) shall return him to the seller and he shall receive; 
 the money which he paid. 
 
 § 279. 
 C If a man sell a male or female slave and there be a claim upon 
 him, the seller shall be responsible for the claim. 
 
 § 280. 
 
 C If a man purchase a male or female slave of a man in a foreign 
 country, and if, when he comes back to his own land, the (former) 
 owner of the male or female slave recognize his male or female 
 slave — if the male or female slave be a native of the land, he 
 shall grant them their freedom without money. 
 
96 The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 § 281— XXXIX, 88-96. 
 88 sum-ma mftre ma-tim ''sa-ni-tim 89 sa-a-a- 
 ma-nu-ma 90 i-na ma-bar i-lim 91 kaspam is-ku-lu 
 92 i-ga-ab-bi-ma 93 be-el wardim u lu amtim 94 
 kaspam is-ku-lu a-na tamkarim 95 i-na-ad-di-iii-ma 
 96 lu wara-zu lu ama-zu i-pa-ak 
 
 g 282.— XXXIX, 97-102. 
 97 sum-ma wardum a-na be-li-su 98 u-ul be-li 
 at-ta 99 ik-ta-bi 100 ki-ma wara-zu 101 u-ka-an- 
 
Translation 97 
 
 § 281. 
 C If they be natives of another land, the purchaser shall declare 
 before god the momey which he paid (for them), and the owner 
 of the male or fem.ale slave shall give to the merchant the money 
 which he psdd ouLi and he (the owner) shall receive into his care 
 his male onilliaki slave. 
 
 § 282. 
 
 C If a j ^BiiS^^BIJJI^ '^o his master: "Thou art not my master," 
 his maBflSp|aE|ira|^Bhim to be his slave and shall cut off his eai;^ 
 
EPILOGUE. 
 
 TEANSLITERATION. 
 
 COLUMN XL. 
 
 1 Di-na-n-at | mi-sa-ri-im | la ^a-nm-mu-ra- 
 bi I sar-ru,um li-u-um 5 u-ki-in-nu-nia | ma- 
 tam u-sa-am ''ki-nam | u ri-dam ''dam-gf.-am | 
 u-sa-az-bi-tu | 5[a-am-mu-ra-bi 10 sar-ru-um gi- 
 it-''ma-lum a-na-ku | a-na SAG. GIG | sa '''^"Bel 
 *'is-ru-kam | ri-u-zi-na | ''" Marduk i-din-naim 
 15 u-ul e-gu I a-bi u-ul ad-di | as-ri su-ul- 
 mi-im | es-te-i-si-na-sim | pu-us-ki '' wa-[as]-tu- 
 tim 20 u-[pi]-it-ti | '[u]-si-am u-se-zi-''si-na-si- 
 im I i-na kakkim ''da-an-nim | sa 'i"ZA.MA(L). 
 MA(L) I u ""Nanft- 25 u-sa-at-li-mu-nim | i-na 
 egigalim | sa ''"EN.KI *'i-si-ma-ani | i-na li-u- 
 tim I sa ""Mnrduk ''id-di-nani 30 na-ak-ri e-li-is 
 I u sa-ap-li-is ''az-zn-ub | ga-ab-la-tim ''u-bi-el-li 
 I si-ir ma-tim | u-ti-ib 35 ni-si da-ad-mi | 
 a-bu-ur-ri | u-sar-be-is | mu-gal-li-tam | u-ul 
 ii-sar-si-''si-na-ti 40 ilftni rabuti | ib-bu-u-nin-ni- 
 ma I a-na-ku-ma | rS'um aiu-la-al-''li-mu-um | 
 sa battu-su 45 i-sa-ra-at | si-li ta-bu-um | a-na 
 ali-ia | ta-ri-i.s | i-na ut-li-ia 50 ni-si mat 
 ''Su-me-er-im | u Ak-ka-di-im | u-ki-il | i-na 
 la-ma-zi-ia | ab-bi-sfi 55 i-na su-ul-mi-im | at- 
 tab-ba-al-'^si-na-ti | i-na ne-me-ki-ia | us-tnp- 
 si-ir-*'si-na-ti | dan-nu-um en-sa-am 60 a-na la 
 ba-ba-lim | NU.TUK NU.MU.SU | su-te-iu-ri-im 
 I i-na KA.DINGIR.KA.KI | alim sa ilim "u ''"Bel 
 05 ri-si-su | u-ul-lu-u | i-na Esagila | bltini 
 
 I Better to read with Wirickler, [nu-r]a-um . 
 
 98 
 
EPILOGUE. 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 The righteous laws, which Hammurabi, the wise king, estab- 
 lished and (by which) he gave the land stable support and pure 
 government. Hammurabi, the perfect king, am I. I was not 
 careless, nor was I neglectful- of the Black-Head people, whose 
 rule Bel presented and Marduk delivered to me. I' provided 
 them with a peaceful country. I opened up difficult barriers 
 and lent them support. With the powerful weapon which Za- 
 md-md and Nana entrusted to me, with the breadth of vision 
 which Ea allotted me, with the might which Marduk gave me, I 
 expelled the enemy to the North and South; I made an end of 
 tlieir raids; I brought health to the land; I made the populace 
 to rest in security; I permitted no one to molest them. 
 
 The great gods proclaimed me and I am the guardian governor, 
 whose scepter is righteous and whose beneficent protection is 
 spread over my city. In my bosom I carried the people of the 
 land of Sumer and Akkad; under my protection I brought their 
 brethren into security; in my wisdom I restrained (hid) them; 
 that the strong might not oppose the weak, and that they should 
 give justice to the orphan and the widow, in Babylon, the city 
 whose turrets Anu and Bel raised; in Esagila, the temple whose 
 
 99 
 
100 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 di-in ma-tini a-na di-a-nifn | pu-ru-zi-e ma-tim 
 I a-na pa-ra-si-im | ha-ab-lim su-te-su-ri-im | 
 a-wa-ti-ia su-ku-ra-tim 75 i-na na-ru-ia as-tur-ma 
 I i-na ma-har salmi-ia | sar nii-sa-ri-im | u-ki- 
 in I sarrum sa in sar + alim 80 su-tn-ru a-iia-ku 
 I a-wa-tu-u-a na-as-ga | li-u-ti sa-ni-nam | u-ul 
 i.na(=sa) | i-na ki-be-it '^"Samas 85 da-a-a-nim 
 ra-bi-im | sa samfe n irsitim | mi-sa-ri i-na 
 m&tim I li-is-te-bi | i-na a-wa-at 90 ''"Mar- 
 duk be-li-ia | u-zu-ra-tu-u-a | mu-sa-zi-kani 
 a ir-si-a | i-na Esagila | la a-ra-am-mu ''su-mi 
 i-na da-mi-ik-tim 
 
 COLUMN XLl. 
 
 1 a-na da-ar | li-iz-za-ki-ir | a-wi-lum ^a- 
 ab-lum I sa a-wa-tam 5 i-ra-as-su-u | a-na ma- 
 ba-ar | salmi-ia ''sar .mi-sa-ri-im | li-il-li-ik-ma 
 I na-ru-i 10 sa-at-ra-am | li-is-ta-''as-si-ma | 
 a-wa-ti-ia | su-ku-ra-tim | li-is-me-ma 15 na- 
 ru-i a-wa-tam | li-kal-lim-su | di-in-su ''li-mu- 
 ur I li-ib-ba-su | li-na-ab-bi-is-ma 20 5Ja-am- 
 mu-ra-bi-mi | be-lum sa ki-ma ''a-bi-im | wa- 
 li-di-im | a-na ni-si | i-ba-as-su-u 25 a-na 
 a-wa-at | ''"Marduk be-li-su | us-ta-ak-ti-''it-ma 
 I ir-ni-ti ''"Marduk | e-li-is 80 u la-ap-li-is | 
 ik-su-ud I li-ib-bi ""Marduk | be-li-su u-ti-ib 
 I u si-ra-am ta-ba-am 35 a-na ni-si | a-na da-ar 
 '•i-si-im I u ma-tam | us-te-se-i¥ | da-ni-tam 
 40 li-ik-bi-ma | i-na ma-ljar | ""Marduk be- 
 li-ia I 'i"Zar-pa-ni-tum | be-el-ti-ia 45 i-na 
 li-ib-bi-su | ga-am-ri-im | li-ik-ru-ba-am | se- 
 du-um ''la-ma-zum | ilani e-ri-bu-ut 50 Esagila 
 I libit Esagila | i-gi-ir-ri-e | umi-sa-am | 
 i-na ma-bar 55 ''"Marduk be-li-ia | ''"Zar-pa-ni- 
 tum I be-el-ti-ia | li-dam-mi-ku | a-na wa-ar- 
 ki 60 a( = sa)-at timi | a-na ma-ti-ma | sarrum 
 sa i-na matim | ib- ba - as-su- u | a-wa-a-at 65 
 mi-sa-ri-im | sa i-na na-ru-ia | as-tu-ru li-sur | 
 di-in ma-tim | sa a-di-nu 70 pu-ru-zi-e matim 
 
Translation 101 
 
 y 
 
 foundations are firm as heaven and earth, for the pronouncing of 
 judgments in the land, for the rendering of decisions for the land, 
 and for the righting of wrong, my weighty words I have written 
 upon my monument, and in the presence of my image as king of 
 righteousness have I established. 
 
 The king, who is pre-eminent among city kings, am I. My 
 words are precious, my wisdom is unrivaled. By the command 
 of Shamash, the great judge of heaven and earth, may I make 
 righteousness to shine forth on the land. By the order of Mar- 
 duk, my lord, may- no one efface my statues, may my name be 
 remembered with favor in Esagila forever. (Col, 41.) Let any 
 oppressed man, who has a cause, come before my image as king of 
 righteousness! Let him read the inscription on my monument! 
 Let him give heed to my weighty words! And may my monument 
 enlighten him as to his cause and may he understand his case ! 
 May he set his heart at ease! (and he will exclaim): "Hammu- 
 rabi indeed is a ruler who is like a rear father to his people; he 
 has given reverence to the words of Marduk, his lord; he has 
 obtained victory for Marduk in North and South ; he has made 
 glad the heart of Marduk, his lord; he has established prosperity 
 for the people for all time and given a pure government to the 
 land." Let him read the code and pray with a full heart before 
 Marduk, my lord, and Zarpanit, my lady, and may the protecting 
 deities, the gods who enter Esagila, daily in the midst of Esagila 
 look with favor on his wishes (plans) in the presence of Marduk, 
 my lord, and Zarpanit, my lady! 
 
 In the days that are yet to come, for all future time, may the 
 king who is in the land observe the words of righteousness which 
 I have written upon my monument! May he not alter the judg- 
 ments of the land which I have pronounced, or the decisions of 
 the country which I have rendered! May he not efface my 
 
102 The Code of ^ammdbabi 
 
 I sa ap-ru-su | a u-na-ak-ki-ir | u-zu-ra- 
 ti-ia I a u-sa-zi-ik 75 sum-ma a-wi-lum su-u | 
 ta-si-im-tam i-su-ma | ma-zu su-te-su-ra-am ''i-li-i 
 I a-na a-wa-a-tim | sa i-na na-ru-ia ''as-tu-ru li- 
 gul-ma 80 ki-ib-sa-am ri-dam | di-in matim sa 
 a-di-nu | pu-ru-zi-e mfttim | sa ap-ru-su | na- 
 Tu-um su-u 85 li-kal-lim-su-ma | sa-al-ma-at ga- 
 ga-di-su I li-is-te-se-ir | di-in-si-na li-di-in | 
 pu-ru-za-si-na 90 li-ip-ru-us | i-na ma-ti-su ra-ga- 
 am I u si-nam li-zu-ulj. | si-ir ni-si-su " | li- 
 ti-ib 95 5a-am-mu-ra-bi | sar mi-sa-ri-im | sa 
 '^"Samas ki-na-tim | is-ru-ku-sum a-na-ku | 
 a-wa-tu-u-a na-as-ga 100 ip-se-tu-u-a | sa-ni- 
 nam | u-ul i-sa-a | 'e-la a-na la-ba | ZI-IM. 
 RI.GA 105 a-na im-ki-im 
 
 • COLUMN XLII. 
 
 1 a-na ta-na-da-''tim • su-sa-a | sum-ma a-wi- 
 liim ''su-u I a-na a-wa-ti-ia | sa 
 tu-ru 5 i-gul-ma | di-ni la 
 a-wa-ti-ia la us-te-pi-el | u-zu-ra-ti-ia 10 la u-na- 
 ki-ir I a-wi-lum su-u | ki-ma ia-ti | sar mi- 
 sa-ri-im I '^"Samas batti-su 15 li-ir-ri-ik | 
 ni-si-su I i-na mi-sa-ri-im ''li-ri | sum-ma a-wi- 
 lum ''su-u I a-wa-ti-ia 20 sa i-na na-ru-ia | as- 
 tu-ru I la i-gul-ma | ir-ri-ti-ia | i-me-es-ma 
 25 ir-ri-it ili | la i-dur-ma | di-in a-di-nu | 
 up-ta-az-zi-is ] a-wa-ti-ia 30 us-te-pi-el | u-zu- 
 ra-ti-ia I ut-ta-ak-ki-ir | su-mi sa-at-ra-aui | 
 ip-si-it-ma 35 sum-su is-ta-dar | as-sum ir-ri-tim 
 ''si-na-ti | sa-ni-a-am-ma | us-ta-lji-iz | a-wi- 
 lum su-u 40 lu sarrum | lu b6lum | lu pa-te-si 
 I u lu a-wi-lu-tum | sa su-ma-am- ''na-bi-a-at 45 
 Hum ra-bu-um | a-bu ili | na-bu-u pall-ia | 
 melam sar-ru-tini | li-te-ir-su 50 bntti-su | li- 
 is-bi-ir' | si-ma-ti-su ''li-ru-ur | ""Bel be-lum I 
 mu-si-im ''si-ma-tim 55 sa ki-be-zu | la ut-ta-ka- 
 
 1 Peiser, e-la a-na la-|ja-zi-im ri-ka. 
 
Translation 103 
 
 statues! If that man have wisdom, if he wish to give his land 
 good government, let him give attention to the words which I 
 have written upon my monument! And may this monument 
 enlighten him as to procedure and administration, the judgments 
 which I have pronounced, and the decisions which I have ren- 
 dered for the land! And let him rightly rule his Black-Head 
 people; let him pronounce judgments for them and render for 
 them decisions! Let him root out the wicked and evildoer from 
 his. land! Let him promote the welfare of his people! 
 
 Hammurabi, the king of righteousness, whom Shamash has 
 endowed with justice, am I. My words are weighty; my deeds 
 
 are unrivaled . . . • 
 
 (Ool. 42) and the bringing to honor. 
 
 If that man pay attention to my words which I have written 
 upon my monument, do not efface my judgments, do not overrule 
 my words, and do not alter my statues, then will Shamash pro- 
 long, that man's reign, as he has mine, who am king of righteous- 
 ness, that he may rule his people in righteousness. 
 > If that man do not pay attention to my words which I have 
 written upon my monument; if he forget my curse and do not 
 fear the curse of god; if he abolish the judgments which I have 
 formulated, overrule my words, alter my statues, efface my name 
 written thereon and write his own name; on account of these 
 curses, commission another to do so — as for that man, be he king 
 or lord, or priest-king or commoner, whoever he may be, may the 
 great god, the father of the gods, who has ordained my reign, 
 take from him the glory of his sovereignty, may he break his 
 scepter, and curse his fate ! 
 
lOi The Code of JJammurabi 
 
 ru I mu-sar-bu-u | sar-ru-ti-ia | te-si la su- 
 ub-^bi-ira 60 ga-zu ra-afei | Jja-la-ki-su | i-na 
 su-ub-ti-su I li-sa-ab-bi-'^ba-as-sum | pali ta- 
 ne-bi-ina 65 umi i-zu-tim | sa-na-a-at | bw- 
 sa-ab-bi-im | ik-li-it | la' na-wa-ri-im 70 mu- 
 ut ni-ti-il ''i-nim | a-na si-im-tim | li-si-im- 
 siim I ba-la-ak ali-su | na-as-pu-ub "'iii-li-su 75 
 sar-ru-zii su-bi-lam | sum-su n zi-kir-su | i-na 
 ma-tim | la su-ub-sa-a-am | i-na pl-su kab-tim 
 80 li-ik-bi | ''"Belit | ummum ra-be-tum | sa 
 ki-be-za | i-na E.KUR kab-ta-at 85 beltum mu- 
 dam-mi-ga-at | i-gi-ir-ri-ia | a-sar si-ip-di-ini 
 I u pu-ru-zi-im | i-na ma-bar ''"Bfil 90 a-wa- 
 zu li-li-mi-in | su-ul-pu-ut ma-ti-su | ba-la-ak 
 ni-si-su I ta-ba-ak na-pis-ti-su | ki-ma me-e 95 
 i-na pi ''"B6l | lar-ri-im- | li-sa-as-ki-in | ''" 
 EN.KI rubum ra-bi-um | sa si-ma-tu-su 100 i-na 
 mab-ra i-la-ka | abkal ili | mu-di mi-im-ma 
 sum-su I mu-sa-ri-ku 
 
 COLUMN XLIII. 
 
 1 u-um ba-la-ti-ia | uz-nam | u ne-me-ga- 
 am I li-te-ir-su-ma 5 i-na mi-si-tim | li-it-ta- 
 ar-ru-su | nftrati-su | i-na na-ak-bi-im | li- 
 is-ki-ir 10 i-na ir-si-ti-su | ''"Asnan | na-bi- 
 is-ti ''ni-si | a u-sa-ab-si | '^" Samas da-a-a-nu- 
 um ''ra-bi-um 15 la sa-me-e | u ir-si-tim | 
 mu-us-te-se-ir | sa-ak-na-at ''na-bi-is-tim | be- 
 lum tu-kul-ti 20 sar-ru-zu ''li-is-ki-ip | di-in-su 
 I a i-di-in | u-ru-ub-su ''li-si | ilid um-ma- 
 ni-su 25 li-is-bi-[el]-zi | i-na bi-ri-su | slram 
 lim-nam | sa na-sa-alj | isid sar-ru-ti-su 30 
 u ba-la-ak ma-ti-su ''li- is -ku- un -sum | a-wa- 
 tum ma-ru-us-tum | sa '^"Samas ar-bi-is | li-ik- 
 su-zu I e-li-is 35 i-na ba-al-tu-tim | li-iz-zu- 
 ub-su I sa-ap-li-is | i-na ir-si-tim | ekimmfe-su 
 40 me-e li-sa-az-mi | ""Sin be-el sa-me-e | ' ilum 
 ba-ni-i | sa se^ri-zu | i-na ili su-pa-a-at 45 
 
Translation 105 
 
 May Bel, the lord, who determines destinies, whose command 
 cannot be altered, who has enlarged my dominion, d riye him ou t 
 from his dwelling through a revol t which his hand cannot control 
 and a curse deit riictiVe to him . May he determine as his fate a 
 reign of sighs, days few in number, years of famine, darkness 
 without light, death staring him in the face ! The destruction of 
 his city, the dispersion of his people, the wresting away of his 
 dominion, the blotting out of his name and memory from the 
 land, may Bel order with his potent command! 
 
 May Belit, the august mother, whose command is potent in 
 E-kur, who looks with gracious favor upon my plans, in the place 
 of judgment and decisions pervert his words in the presence of 
 Bel! May she put into the mouth of Bel, the king, the ruin of 
 his land, the destruction of his people and the pouring out of 
 his life like water! ' 
 
 May Ea, the great prince, whose decrees take precedence, the 
 leader of the gods, who knows everything, who prolongs (Col, 43) 
 the days of my life, deprive him of knowledge and wisdom ! May 
 he bring him to oblivion, and dam up his rivers at their sources ! 
 May he not permit corn, which is the life of the people, to grow 
 in his land! 
 
 May Shamash, the great judge of heaven and earth, who rules 
 all living creatures, the lord (inspiring) confidence, overthrow 
 his dominion; may he not grant him his rights! May he make 
 him to err in his path, may he destroy the mass (foundation) of 
 his troops ! May he bring to his view an evil omen of the uproot- 
 ing of the foundation of his sovereignty, and the ruin of his land. 
 
 May the blighting curse of Shamash come upon him quickly! 
 May he cut off his life above (upon the earth)! Below, within 
 the earth, may he deprive his spirit of water! 
 
 May Sin, the lord of heaven, my divine creator, whose scime- 
 tar shines among the gods, take away from him the crown and 
 
106 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 agftm kuss&m ^sa sar-ru-tim | li-te-ir-su | ar-iiam 
 kab-tam | se-ri-zu ra-bi-tam | sa i-na zu-um-ri- 
 su 50 la i-bal-li-ku | li-mu-zu-ma | umi ar^i 
 ar^i I sa-na-a-at pall-su | i-na ta-ne-bi-im 55 
 u di-im-ma-tim | li-sa-ak-ti | kam-ma-al sar- 
 ru-tim I li-sa-ad-di-''il-su | ba-la-tam 60 sa it- 
 ti mu-tim | si-ta-an-nu | a-na si-im-tim | li- 
 si-im-sum | '^" Adad be-el h6gallim 65 gu-gal 
 sa-me-e | u ir-si-tim | ri-zu-u-a | zu-ni i-na 
 sa-me-e | mi-lam 70 i-na na-ak-bi-im | li-te- 
 ir-su I ma-zu i-na bu-sa-ab-bi-im | n bu-bu- 
 tim 75 li-bal-li-ik | e-li ali-su | iz-zi-is | 
 li-is-si-ma | ma-zu a-na til ''a-bu-bi-im 80 li-te- 
 ir I ••"ZA.MA(L).MA(L) | gar-ra-^du-um ra-bi-um 
 I mar-|-ri-es-tu-um | sa E.KUR 85 a-li-ku im- 
 ni-ia • | a-sar tam-ba-ri-im | kakka-su li-is-bi-ir 
 I u-ma-am a-na, mu-si-im | li-te-ir-sum-ma 90 
 na-ki-ir-su e-ii-su | li-is-zi-iz | ''"Nanft be-li-it 
 I tabazim u kablS | pa-ti-a-at 95 kakki-ia | la- 
 ma-zi I da-mi-ik-tum | ra-i-ma-at pall-ia | i-na 
 li-ib-bi-sa 100 ag-gi-im | i-na uz-za-ti-sa | ra- 
 be-a-tim | sar-ru-zu li-ru-ur | dnm-ga-ti-su 105 
 a-na li-im-ne-tim | li-te-ir 
 
 COLUMN XLIV. 
 
 1 li-te-ir | a-sar tahazim ^u kablS | kakka-su 
 I li-is-bi-ir 5 i-si-tam | za-ab-ma-as-tam | 
 li-is-ku-un-sum | kar-ra-di-su | li-sa-am-ki-it 
 10 da-mi-su-nu | ir-si-tam li-is-ki | gu-ru-un 
 I sa-al-ma-at | um-ma-na-ti-su 15 i-na si-ri- 
 
 im I li-it-ta-ad-di | sftb-su am | a-i 
 
 u-sar-si | su-a-ti 20 a-na ga-at ''na-ak-ri-su | 
 li-ma-al-li-su-ma | a-na ma-at nu-ku-*" ur-ti-su I 
 ka-mi-is li-ru-su | 'i"NER.UEU.GAL 25 dan- 
 nu-um i-na ili | ga-ba-al ''la ma-ba-ar | mu- 
 sa-ak-si-du | ir-ni-ti-ia | i-na ka-su-si-su 30 
 ra-bi-im | ki-ma i-sa-tim | iz-zi-tim ''sa a-bi- 
 im I ni-si-su I li-ik-me 35 in kakki-su ''dan- 
 
Translation 107 
 
 throne of sovereignty! May he lay upon him heavy guilt and 
 great sin, which will not depart from him ! May he bring to an 
 end the days, months, and years of his reign with sighing and 
 tears! May he multiply the burdens of his sovereignty! May 
 he determine as his fate a life like unto death ! 
 
 May Adad, the lord of abundance, the regent of heaven and 
 earth, my helper, deprive him of the rain from heaven and the 
 water-floods from the springs ! May he bring his land to destruc- 
 tion through want and hunger! May he break loose furiously 
 over his city and turn his land into a heap left by a whirlwind! 
 
 May Za-m^-md, the great warrior, the chief son of E-kur, who 
 goes at my right hand, shatter his weapons on the field of battle ! 
 May he turn day into night for him, and place his' enemy over him 1 
 
 May Ishtar, goddess of battle and conflict, who makes ready 
 my weapons, the gracious protecting deity, who loves my reign, 
 curse his dominion with great fury in her wrathful heart, and turn 
 good into evil for him! (Col. 44.) May she shatter his weapons 
 on the field of battle and conflict ! May she create confusion and 
 revolt for him! May she strike down his warriors, may their 
 blood water the earth ! May she cast the bodies of his warriors''' 
 upon the field in heaps! May she not grant his warriors 
 ( burial ( ?) ) ! May she deliver him into the hands of his enemies, 
 and may they carry him away bound into a hostile land! 
 
 May Nergal, the mighty among the gods, the warrior without 
 
 an equal, who grants me victory, in his great power, burn his 
 
 -people like a raging fire of swamp-reed. With his powerful 
 
108 The Code of JJammukabi 
 
 nim I li-sa-ti-su-ma | bi-ni-a-ti-su | ki-ma 
 sa-lam >di-di-im | li-ib-pu-us 40 'i»NIN.TU | 
 beltuin si-ir-tum | la ma-ta-tim | ummiim ba-ni- 
 ti I mftram ''li- te-ir -su -ma 45 su-ma-am | a 
 u-sar-''si-su | i-na kir-bi-it ''ni-si-su | z6r a-wi- 
 lu-tiin I a ib-ni 50 ""NIN.KAR.RA.AK | mftrat 
 AN. NIM I ga-bi-a-at | dum-ki-ia | i-na 
 E.KUR 55 mur-sa-am ^kab-tam | asakkam li-im- 
 nam | zi-im-ma-am •'mar-sa-am | la la i-pa-as- 
 se-^u I a-su ki-ri-ib-su 60 la i-lam-ma-du | 
 i-na zi-im-di | la u-na-^ab-bu-su | ki-ma ni-si- 
 ik mu-tim ''la in-na-za-bu | i-na bi-ni-a-''ti-sn 
 65 li-sa-si-a-''as-sum-ma | a-di na-bi-is-''ta-su | 
 i-bi-el-lu-u | a-na id-lu-ti-su | li-id-dam-ma-am 
 70 ilftni rabuti | la sa-me-e | u ir-si-tim | 
 ''"A.NUN.NA I i-na pubri-su-nu 75 se-it bi-tim 
 I libit Ebabbara | su-a-ti | z6r-su | ma- 
 zu sftb-su 80 ni-si-su | u um-ma-an-su | ir- 
 ri-tam | ma-ru-us-tam •'li-ru-ru | ir-ri-tim 85 
 da-ni-a-tim | ""B6l | i-na pi-su | sa la ut- 
 ta-''ak-ka-ru | li-ru-ur-su-ma 90 ar-bi-is | li- 
 ik-su-da-su 
 
Translation lOD 
 
 weapon, may he cut him off and may he break his members like 
 an earthen image! 
 
 May Nin-tu, the exalted mistress of the lands, the mother who 
 bore me, deny him a son! May she not let him hold a name 
 among his people, nor beget an heir! 
 
 May Nin-kar-ra-ak, the daughter of Anu, who commands 
 favors for me in E-kur, cause to come upon his members until it 
 overcomes his life, a grievous malady, an evil disease, a dangerous 
 sore, which cannot be cured, which the physician cannot diagnose, 
 which he cannot allay with bandages, and which, like the bite of 
 death, cannot be removed! May he lament the loss of his vigor! 
 
 May the great gods of heaven and earth, the Anunnaki in 
 their assembly, curse with blighting curses the wall of the temple, 
 the construction of this E-babbarra, his seed, his land, his army, 
 his people, and his troops! 
 
 May Bel with his command which cannot be altered curse him 
 with a powerful curse and may it come upon him speedily! 
 
INDEX 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 Abatement, of rent, for loss of crop, 
 45, 46. 
 of interest, 48. 
 
 Abscess, disease of eye, 215, 220. 
 
 Accessory to murder of husband ; 
 penalty, impalement, 153. 
 
 Accidental loss, of crop, by storm 
 (see Losses), falls on tenant, 45. 
 
 shared by landlord, 46. 
 
 postpones payment of debt, 48. 
 
 cancels interest for year, 48. 
 
 in storage, falls on warehouseman, 
 120, 125. 
 
 of ox or sheep, falls on owner, 244, 
 249, 266. 
 
 Acknowledgment, of natural sons, 
 170, 171. 
 of adopted sons, 190. 
 
 Adjournment, for production of wit- 
 nesses, 13. 
 not to exceed six months, 13. 
 
 Adoption of son, 185. 
 not binding, if guilty of unworthy 
 
 treatment of adopted parents, 186. 
 hierodule or palace guard cannot 
 
 reclaim son, 187. 
 artisan teaches handicraft, 188. 
 else reclaimable, 189. 
 acknowledged, else may return to 
 
 parents, 190. 
 cannot be cut off penniless, 191. 
 one-third son's share of personal 
 
 property, 191. 
 but no part of real property, 191. 
 
 Adopted son of low origin may not 
 repudiate adoptive parents, 192, 
 193. 
 
 Adultery, capital offense: actual, 129. 
 husband may pardon wife, 129. 
 
 king may pardon servant, 129. 
 suspicion of, purgation by oath, 131. 
 suspicion of, purgation by ordeal, 
 132. 
 
 Affidavits, over contested property, 9. 
 as to lost property; exaggeration, 
 
 126. 
 by wife, as to her innocency, 131. 
 concerning amount of corn stored, 
 
 120. 
 by agent, as to loss through rob- 
 bery, 10.3. 
 in case of disputed account, 106, 
 
 107. 
 in case of re-escaped slave, 20. 
 in case of loss by highway robbery, 
 
 23. 
 by deceived brander, 227. 
 by boatman whose vessel is sunk 
 
 by collision, 240. 
 in case of unintentional wounding, 
 
 206, 207. 
 by hirer of an ox, 249. 
 by shepherd, in case of an accident, 
 
 or killing by lion, 266. 
 of purchaser of foreign slaves, 281. 
 
 Agent, relation to merchant, 100-107. 
 keeps accounts of money received, 
 
 100. 
 keeps accounts of interest thereon, 
 
 100. 
 keeps accounts of time when due, 
 
 100. 
 no profit on venture, doubles prin- 
 cipal, no interest, 101. 
 principal lost, repays it, no interest, 
 
 102. 
 when robbed, purgation by oath, 
 
 account cancelled, 103. 
 keeps account of goods received, 
 
 104 
 
 113 
 
114 
 
 The Code op IJammurabi 
 
 gives receipt therefor, 104. 
 keeps account of money paid, 104. 
 takes receipts therefor, 104. 
 no credit given whore no receipt is 
 
 shown, 105. 
 fined for disputing account, or 
 
 attempting fraud, 106. 
 may recover from merchant who 
 
 attempts fraud, 107. 
 
 Alteration, of decision, 5 
 of date for repayment, 48. 
 of interest stipulations, 48. 
 not allowed in case of neglect, 52. 
 of contract by shepherd, 265. 
 of contract of betrothal, by groom, 
 
 159. 
 of contract of betrothal, by maid's 
 
 father, 160, 161. 
 
 Assault, 195-214. (See Fines, Retalia- 
 tion.) 
 
 son upon father, 195. 
 
 man upon man; eye lost, 196. 
 
 man upon man; limb broken, 197. 
 
 man upon man; tooth lost, 200. 
 
 man upon man; disabling, 20.3. 
 
 man upon man ; wounding, 206. 
 
 man upon man; wounding to death, 
 207. 
 
 man upon freeman; eye or limb 
 injured, 198. 
 
 man upon freeman; tooth lost, 201. 
 
 man upon superior; disabling, 202, 
 204. 
 
 man upon freeman's son; wounding 
 to death, 208. 
 
 man upon slave; eye or limb in- 
 jured, 199. 
 
 slave upon man's son; disabling, 205. 
 
 man strikes man's daughter; mis- 
 carriage; fine, 209. 
 
 man strikes freeman's daughter; 
 miscarriage; fine, 211. 
 
 man strikes maid servant; miscar- 
 riage; fine, 213. 
 
 woman dies from blow, 210. 
 
 daughter of freeman; dies from 
 blow, 212. 
 
 maid servant; dies from blow, 214. 
 
 Assessment of damages (see Fines), 
 for pasturing sheep on field with- 
 out permission, 57. 
 
 for pasturing sheep on held out of 
 season, 58. 
 
 for cutting down tree in orchard, 59. 
 
 for not carrying out terms of lease, 
 42, 43, 44. 
 
 for flood from broken dyke, 53, 54. 
 
 for flood from open runnel, 55, 56. 
 
 for eviction from purchase, 9, 12. 
 
 for altered judgment, 5. 
 
 in case of ordeal by water, 2. 
 
 multiple flne for sacrilegious theft, 8. 
 
 retailer may recover sixfold from 
 wholesaler, 107. 
 
 wholesaler may recover threefold 
 from retailer, 106. 
 
 owner of goods may recover five- 
 fold from careless or dishonest 
 carrier, 112. 
 
 levying for debt on stored corn 
 without consent of owner, 113. 
 
 for wrongful distraint, 114. 
 
 for abusive distraint and detention, 
 causing death, 116. 
 
 for corn injured or lost in storage, 
 120. 
 
 for valuables received on deposit 
 and lost, 124, 125. 
 
 for false claim of loss, 126. 
 
 for rape of damsel betrothed to son, 
 156. 
 
 for breach of betrothal contract by 
 groom, 159. 
 
 for breach of betrothal contract by 
 father of damsel, 160, 161. 
 
 for injury to eye or limb of freeman, 
 198. 
 
 for injury to tooth of, 201. 
 
 for disabling one of one's own rank, 
 203, 204. 
 
 for wounding man in quarrel, unin- 
 tentionally, 206, 207, 208. 
 
 for producing miscarriage by a 
 blow, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214. 
 
 for malpractice, 219, 220. 
 
 for malpractice by veterinary sur- 
 geon, 225. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 115 
 
 for slave killed by collapse of house, 
 
 231. 
 for goods damaged by collapse of 
 
 house, 232. 
 bad work of contractor, made good, 
 
 2.32, 233. 
 bad work of boat-builder, made 
 
 good, 235. 
 boat lost by careless sailor, made 
 
 good, 236. 
 cargo of such boat to be made 
 
 good, 2,37. 
 damage reduced in case of salvage, 
 
 2.38. 
 full value of cargo lost in collision 
 
 recovered, 240. 
 for distraining a work-ox, 241. 
 full value recovered, of hired ox 
 
 killed by abuse or neglect, 245. 
 ditto, for serious injury to ox, 246. 
 half price for loss of eye, 247. 
 quarter price for minor injuries, 248. 
 damages recovered from owner of, 
 
 goring ox, 251, 252. 
 damages recovered from negligent 
 
 herdsman, 263, 264, 267. 
 damages recovered from dishonest 
 
 herdsman, 265. 
 
 Assignment for debt, of bare field, 49. 
 for debt, of prowing crop, 50. 
 of state property by official not pos- 
 sible, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41. 
 other property assignable, 39, 40. 
 of wife, child, or slave, to work off 
 debt, 117, 118, 119. 
 Average yield, basis of assessed dam- 
 ages, or rental, 42, 43, 44, 55, 62, 65. 
 
 Banker, banking. (See Merchant, 
 Trustee.) 
 
 Benefice : land, house, garden, stock, 
 assigned by king to officer, 26-41. 
 
 inalienable, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41. 
 
 sale or purchase forbidden, 36. 
 
 price pajd forfeited, .35, 37. 
 
 not to be exchanged, 41. 
 
 not assignable to wife or daughter, 
 .39. 
 
 son may manage, 28. 
 
 protected against higher official, 34. 
 forfeited by three years' neglect, .30. 
 another may occupy during captiv- 
 ity, 27; or disuse, 30, 31. 
 
 Betrothal: bonds given, 128, 159, 160, 
 
 161. 
 special agreement against creditors, 
 
 151. 
 betrothed maiden violated, capital 
 
 crime, 130. 
 betrothed maiden violated by 
 
 groom's father, 156. 
 betrothed wife violated by groom's 
 
 father, 155. 
 
 Betrothal present: a present to bind 
 betrothal, made to bride's father, 
 159-161. 
 
 to be returned by father of bride 
 to her at marriage, or held in 
 trust by father, for bride, 163, 164. 
 
 forfeited by groom if he break en- 
 gagement, 159. 
 
 like sum forfeited by father of maid 
 if he break the contract, 160, 161. 
 
 a duplicate sum forfeited by hus- 
 band if he divorce without cause, 
 138. 
 
 restored by father to groom if wife 
 die childless, 163. 
 
 if not restored, groom deducts it 
 from dowry given by father-in- 
 law, which he must restore, 164. 
 
 assessed at one mina of silver for 
 penniless suitor who brought no 
 present in cash or goods, 138, 139. 
 
 one-third mina for freeman, 140. 
 
 to be set aside for unmarried son 
 by his brothers, on division of 
 father's estate, 166. 
 
 from this, or from husband's later 
 gifts the woman can make abso- 
 lute bequests (150). From dowry 
 and marriage jointure she can- 
 not; they belong to children, 162, 
 167,171. 
 
 Bigamy qt woman : without excuse of 
 lack of support, capital offense, 
 133. 
 
116 
 
 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 otherwise condoned, 134. 
 
 but first husband may reclaim it 
 
 escaped from captivity, 135. 
 cannot claim second children, 135. 
 woman deserted may remarry, 137. 
 truant husband may not reclaim, 
 
 137. 
 
 Bigamy permitted man: if wife be 
 barren, and grant no maid serv- 
 ant, man takes concubine, 145. 
 
 if maid servant be presented, no 
 concubine allowed, 144. 
 
 maid or concubine cannot rank with 
 wife, 145, 146. 
 
 bigamy permitted if first wife be 
 chronic invalid, 148. 
 
 she may not be put away, 148. 
 
 may return to father if she prefer, 
 149. 
 
 Boat, boatman, boating, 234-240. 
 stealing boat, fine, 8. 
 pay for building freight barge, 234. 
 boat-builder must guarantee one 
 
 year, 235. 
 navigator responsible for loss by 
 
 carelessness, 236, 237. 
 salvage equals one-halt value of 
 
 vessel, 236, 238. 
 pay of navigator, 239. 
 law of collision, 240. 
 hire of skiff, 276, 
 hire of barge, 277. 
 
 Bonds = written deed, contract, note, 
 mortgage, receipt, specifications, 
 certificate of deposit: needed for 
 legal purchase, 7, 9, 10. 
 
 for lease or cultivation, 46, 47. 
 
 for loans, 52. 
 
 for storage or deposit in trust, 122, 
 123, 124, 120. 
 
 for legal marriage, 128. 
 
 that wife is not to be held for hus- 
 band's debt, 151. 
 
 for shepherd, 264. 
 
 specifications for building, 229. 
 
 given by guardians of minors, 177. 
 
 for betrothal may not be broken, 
 159, 160, 161. 
 
 deeds of gift, 150, 178-183. 
 
 Branding, brander, of slave. 226, 227. 
 of slanderer, 127. 
 
 Brawling, in wineshop. 109. 
 
 Breach of contract (see Lease, Neg- 
 lect), by lessee, 42, 43, 44, 256. 
 by gardener, 62, 63, 65. 
 breach of betrothal contract, 159, 
 160, 161. 
 
 Breach of Trust, 112, 113, 120, 124, 125. 
 (See Deposits, Storage.) 
 
 Breasts cut off, for change of child by 
 nurse, 194. 
 
 Bribery, 4. 
 
 Brigandage; capital crime, 22. 
 damages tor victim of, 23, 24. 
 magistrate and district liable, 23, 
 24. 
 
 Builders, building, 228-233. 
 
 paid by piece, 228. 
 
 must make work substantial, 232, 
 233. 
 
 must rebuild collapsed structure at 
 own expense, 232, 2.33. 
 
 liable for deaths occasioned by col- 
 lapse, 229, 2,30, 231. 
 
 liable for goods destroyed, 2,32. 
 
 boat-builder. (See Boats.) 
 
 Burning, a thief at fire, 25. 
 a votary, opening or entering wine- 
 shop, 110. 
 man and mother for incest, 157. 
 
 Calling to account = formal institu- 
 tion of suit: a lessee, 42. 
 
 an agent, 106. 
 
 a merchant, 107. 
 
 a wine-seller, 108. 
 
 a public carrier, 112. 
 
 a storage and warehouseman, 113. 
 
 a merchant, whose debtor has died 
 of abuse in prison, 116. 
 
 for valuables in trust or on de- 
 posit, 124. 
 
 a woman, tor bigamy, 133. 
 
 a bad wife, 141. 
 
 a nurse who substitutes a child, 
 194. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 117 
 
 a dishonest hired cultivator, 255. 
 a dishonest shepherd, 265. 
 a slave who repudiates his ovvnef, 
 282. 
 
 Capital suits, 1, 2, 3. 
 capital crimes. (See Death Penalty.) 
 
 Carrier, responsibilities, 112. 
 
 Cattle and sheep, given officer by king, 
 cannot be sold, 35. 
 
 pasturing without permission, 57. 
 
 after season, 58. 
 
 stealing, 8. 
 
 purchasing from minor or slave, 7. 
 
 medical aid to cattle, 224, 225. 
 
 distraining work ox, 241; hire of, 
 242, 243. 
 
 abuse of hired ox, 245-248. 
 
 death by disease, wild beast, or ac- 
 cident, 244, 249, 266. 
 
 death by abuse or neglect, 245, 267. 
 
 ox gores on the street, 250. 
 
 ox gores habitually, 251. 
 
 oxen in metayer rent, 253, 254, 255. 
 
 lost animals replaced, 263. 
 
 herdsman's liabilities, 264j 265. 
 
 threshing oxen, 268; ox team, 271. 
 
 Changeling, foisted on parents, 194. 
 
 Charges, for storage, 121. 
 one-sixtieth value of grain, 121. 
 for valuables not specified, 122-126. 
 
 Children: (in Babylonian, simply 
 "sons;" a general term including 
 both sexes) of wife by second 
 marriage made because first hus- 
 band was a captive, stay with 
 second husband, 135. 
 
 cannot dispute a special gift deeded 
 to mother, 150. 
 
 share equally at father's death, 165. 
 
 deed of gift to stand; does not de- 
 stroy child's right to share in rest 
 of estate, 165. 
 
 unmarried younger son to be furn- 
 ished with betrothal present, 166. 
 
 of different mothers, share sepa- 
 rately dowries of respective 
 mothers, 167. 
 
 share father's property equally, 167. 
 
 of bride and maid share father's 
 estate equally if latter be ac- 
 knowledged by him, 170. 
 
 if not acknowledged maid's chil- 
 dren do not share, 171. 
 
 are free if one parent were free, 171, 
 175. 
 
 of slave father and free mother re- 
 ceive one-half estate, 175. 
 
 City liable tor brigandage, 23, 24. 
 liable for redemption of captive 
 
 ofHcep, 32. 
 Collision, of boats, owner of sunken 
 
 one can recover damages, 240. 
 
 Commission, trading on, 100-105. 
 
 Compensation. (See Restitution , 
 Fines, Assessment of Damages ) 
 
 Compensation, for loss of life, 24, 207, 
 208, 212, 214, 219, 231. 
 
 Concubine: rights when divorced, 
 137. 
 
 not allowed if wife give maid ser- 
 vant, 144. 
 
 otherwise allowed if wife be barren, 
 145. 
 
 does not rank with wife, 145. 
 
 father may give daughter as, 18.3. 
 
 with dowry, 183. 
 
 she then does not share estate, 183. 
 
 if without dower, brothers must 
 give her one from estate, 184. 
 
 and find her a husband, 184. 
 
 (or legitimize the existing relation 
 by duly drawn documents. Law 
 intended in part to relieve a 
 woman whose marriage her fa- 
 ther has refused to recognize by 
 signing proper contracts.) 
 
 conjugal rights, denial of, 142. 
 
 Constable, 26-41. 
 
 not to depute duty, 26. 
 
 enforced absence on royal business, 
 27. 
 
 his government holdings may be 
 held by another during his ab- 
 sence, 27. 
 
118 
 
 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 he resumes management on return, 
 27. 
 
 son may assume management, 28. 
 
 son provided for if a minor, in ab- 
 sence of father, Si9. 
 
 neglect of royal grants, 30. 
 
 three years' limit, 30. 
 
 one year does not forfeit, 31. 
 
 captured on king'-s errand, to be 
 ransomed, 32. 
 
 royal grants inalienable, 32, ,34, 35, 
 36, 37, .38, 41. 
 
 .protection from superior officials, 
 35. 
 
 Corn Land. (See Cultivation Laws.) 
 
 Corporate liability, for brigandage, 
 23, 24. 
 for ransom of officer, 32. 
 for conduct of metayer-renter, 256. 
 
 Courtship, 159. 160, 161. 
 
 Creditor of lessee may take lien on 
 
 crop, 49, 50. 
 of lessee may not collect interest, 
 
 if crop be destroyed; extension 
 
 granted, 48. 
 must receive grain at king's price, 
 
 if debtor have no money, 51. 
 claim not invalidated by negligence 
 
 of debtor, 52. 
 wine merchant sells on credit. 111. 
 cannot levy upon corn stored with- 
 out consent of owner, 113. 
 responsibility for death by abuse 
 
 of imprisoned debtor, 116. 
 fined for distraint upon false claim, 
 
 114. 
 may have member of debtor's family 
 
 assigned him for three years' 
 
 service, 117. 
 may have full assignment of a slave, 
 
 118. 
 except of a maid servant who has 
 
 borne children, 119. 
 
 Crops, assignable for debt, 49, 50, 51. 
 sold at king's price, 51. 
 average crop basis of produce rental 
 
 or assessed damages, 42, 43, 44, 
 
 55, 62, 65. 
 
 damaged crops replaced, 54, 56. 
 
 damaged crops valued ten GUR per 
 ten GAN, 56. 
 
 damaged crops valued twenty GUR 
 per ten GAN, 57. 
 
 damaged crops valued sixty GUR 
 per ten GAN, 58. 
 
 if corn be grown in place of fruit, 
 crop rent payable in corn, 62. 
 Cultivation laws : grain fields, 42-52, 
 253-256. (See Orchards and Irri- 
 gation Laws.) 
 
 cultivator liable for neglect of field, 
 42, 43. 
 
 must develop new land according 
 to contract, 44. 
 
 not liable for produce rent, if crop 
 be destroyed by storm, 46. 
 
 cannot recover the produce rent if 
 already paid, 45. 
 
 may subrent the land, 47. 
 
 not liable for intsrest if storm de- 
 stroy crop, 48. 
 
 granted postponement if storm de- 
 stroy crop. 48. 
 
 may mortgage field, 49. 
 
 may mortgage crop already in field, 
 50. 
 
 ma'y repay loan in grain, 51. 
 
 may not cancel note because of 
 neglect to produce crop, 52. (See 
 Metayer Rents.) 
 Custody of children, in mother, when 
 father is captive, 29. 
 
 if mother be unjustly divorced, or 
 deserted, 136, 137. 
 
 or after father's death, 171. 175, 
 176, 177. 
 Cutting tree without permission, 59. 
 
 Damages. (See Assessment of, and 
 
 Pines.) 
 Daughters : (See Children, Inheri- 
 tance) officer's daughter can- 
 not inherit his official tenures, 38. 
 -- officer's daughter can inherit his 
 bought property, 36. 
 may be bound to three years' ser- 
 vice for father's debt, 117. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 11S> 
 
 daughter, if freeborn, always free, 
 
 her children free, 175. 
 takes one-halt property acquired by 
 
 self and slave husband, 176. 
 unmarried daughter may receive 
 
 special deed of gift, 178. 
 or of dowry, 179. 
 otherwise shares estate as u son, 
 
 180, 181, 182. 
 if unmarried, her brothers are her 
 
 hoira, 180, 181, 182. 
 daughter who is concubine with 
 
 dowry does not take a son's 
 
 share, 183. 
 if without dowry, concubine's 
 
 brothers must give one, 184. 
 daughter may be slain as penalty 
 
 for death of another man's daugh- 
 ter, 209, 210. 
 but death of freeman's daughter 
 
 compounded by fine, 211, 212. 
 
 Death penalty : for false accusation 
 of capital crime, 1. 
 
 for causeless curse or ban, 2. 
 
 for threatening witnesses in capital 
 case, 3. 
 
 for perjury, 3. 
 
 for sacrilege, 6. 
 
 for receiving goods stolen sacrile- 
 giously, 6. 
 
 for illegal purchase from slave' or 
 minor, 7. 
 
 for receiving illegal deposits frora 
 slave or minor, 7. 
 
 for selling stolen or lost property, 9. 
 
 in default of multiple restitution, 8. 
 
 for receiving stolen goods, 10. 
 
 for false claim of goods, 11. 
 
 tor kidnapping, 14. 
 
 for aiding escape of slave, 15. 
 
 for concealing fugitive slave, 16. 
 
 for detaining or appropriating re- 
 captured slave, 19. 
 
 for housebreaking, 21. 
 
 for brigandage, 22. 
 
 tor theft at fire, 26. 
 
 for fraudulent wine-seller, 108. 
 
 tor keeping disorderly house, 109. 
 
 tor recruiting officer, or constable, 
 
 deputing duty, 26. 
 appropriating royal levies, 33. 
 oppression of inferior officers, 34. 
 for vestal who enters or establishes 
 
 a wineshop, 110. 
 for son of oppressive creditor, 116. 
 tor adultery, 129. 
 
 for rape of betrothed maiden, 130. 
 for wife of captive husband who 
 
 remarries, if not necessary for 
 
 her maintenance, 133. 
 for bad wife, 143. 
 
 tor wife who procures death of hus- 
 band for sake of another, 153. 
 for lying with daughter-in-law, 155. 
 for incest of man and his mother, 
 
 157. 
 inflicted upon daughter of man who 
 
 causes death by miscarriage, 210. 
 for deceiving brander as to status 
 
 of slave, 227. 
 tor builder of defective house, the 
 
 fall of which kills the owner, 229. 
 inflicted on builder's son, if owner's 
 
 son be killed, 230. 
 
 Death of defendant, 12. 
 
 Debt : abatement for damage by 
 storm or drought. 48. 
 
 not to be taken from debtor's goods 
 without his consent, 113. , 
 
 may be canceled by binding out to 
 service self or members of debt- 
 or's household, 115, 116, 117. 
 
 such person released after three 
 years, 117. 
 
 such person to be well treated, 116. 
 
 slave given for debt transferable, 
 118. 
 
 except female slave with children, 
 119. 
 
 Debtor's risk, 48. 
 
 Defamation : defamer. of woman 
 branded, 127. 
 defamer of suitor thwarted, 161. 
 
 Deterred foreclosure, 48. 
 
 Degradation from office, 5. 
 
120 
 
 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 Deification of river Euphrates, 2. 
 
 Delegatus non potest delegare, 26, 33. 
 
 Dejiosits ; (See Storage) not receiv- 
 able from slaves or minors, with- 
 out witnesses, 7. 
 
 receipts and witnesses required for 
 all deposits, 122. 
 
 not recoverable unless receipted tor 
 and witnessed, 122. 
 
 disputed deposit: trustee fined, 124. 
 
 trustee of valuables responsible for 
 loss by burglary or otherwise, 
 125. 
 
 false claims of depositor; fined, 126. 
 
 Devotee: priestess, sacred prostitute, 
 woman bound by a vow: several 
 types occur in the Code. 
 
 may live in convent, 110. 
 
 if vestal: may not own or enter 
 liquor-shop, 110. 
 
 guarded from slander, 127. 
 
 dowered as for marriage, 178. 
 
 her brothers her heirs, 178. 
 
 unless empowered to dispose of 
 property as she will, 178. 
 
 if a priestess of Marduk, has full 
 powers of disposal, 182. 
 
 does not farm her own estate, 178. 
 
 her brothers manage it, 178. 
 
 if they mismanage, she hires a 
 cultivator, 178. 
 
 if not endowed by father, has a 
 son's share at his death, 180. 
 
 but must leave to brothers, 180. 
 
 if prostitute, has one-third son's 
 share. 181. 
 
 her brothers her heirs, 181. 
 
 if priestess of Marduk, has one- 
 third son's share, 182. 
 
 bequeaths as she will, 182. 
 
 son of vowed woman adopted; must 
 respect his mother's vows, 187, 
 192, 193. 
 
 may not repudiate adoptive par- 
 ents, 192. 
 
 nor return to real parents, 193. 
 
 Detention of fugitive slave punished, 
 19. 
 
 Disinheritance, for incest, 159. 
 of son, for cause, by legal process, 
 168, 169. 
 
 Distraint for debt, 114, 115. 
 illegal distraint, 114, 241. 
 death of person seized for debt, 
 
 115, 116. 
 not allowed upon stored goods, 120. 
 
 District liable for brigandage, 23. 
 for ransom of official, 32. 
 
 Desertion, by husband, of wife: in- 
 voluntary, 133-1.35. 
 
 wilful, and leaving city, 136. 
 
 by wife, of husband's house, in his 
 absence, no lack of maintenance, 
 133. 
 
 lack of maintenance, 134, 135. 
 
 a 
 
 because abandoned, 135. 
 effort of wife to abandon husband, 
 141-143. 
 
 Desertion of adoptive parents, 19.3. 
 
 Divorce of wife by husband, 137-140. 
 
 Divorce: without just cause : concu- 
 bine takes dowry, alimony from 
 estate, and the children, 137. 
 
 may marry as she will, 137. 
 
 if husband give to children, she 
 receives a child's portion, 137. 
 
 wife without children receives her 
 dowry and amount equal to be- 
 trothal gift, 1.38. 
 
 if there weie no betrothal gift, 
 takes one mina of silver, 139. 
 
 if wife of freeman, one-third mina, 
 140. 
 
 effort of wife to compel, 141-143. 
 
 if at fault may be reduced to servi- 
 tude, 141, 
 
 or divorced without paying her 
 dowry or a forfeit, 141. 
 
 may be drowned, 143. 
 
 if husband be at fault, wife secures 
 her dowry, and divorce, 142. 
 
 chronic illness no ground for di- 
 vorce of wife, 148. 
 
 but such wife may leave husband, 
 with her dowry, if he marry a 
 second wife, 149. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 121 
 
 Doctor (physician, surgeon), 215-221. 
 cases and fees, 215, 216, 217, 221, 
 
 222, 223. 
 fined for malpractice, 218, 219, 220. 
 veterinary surgeon, 224, 225. 
 
 Doctor paid by assailant of patient, 
 206. 
 
 Dowry, given by father to bride at 
 
 marriage : refunded if divorced 
 
 without cause, 137, 138. 
 but not to bad wife, 141. 
 refunded to injured wife, 142. 
 refunded to invalid wife returning 
 
 to her father, 149. 
 refunded to seduced fiancee of son, 
 
 156. 
 goes to children at wife's decease, 
 
 162. 
 to hor father if she die childless, 
 
 163. 
 husband has no claim, 163. 
 but deducts from it the betrothal 
 
 gift, 164. 
 in case of two wives in succession, 
 
 the children inherit dowries of 
 
 respective mothers, 167. 
 widow remarrying takes dowry with 
 
 her, 1T2. 
 at her death, her former and her 
 
 later children divide, 173. 
 if no second family, reverts to chil- 
 dren by first husband, 174. 
 freeborn daughter marries slave : 
 
 owner of slave has no claim on 
 
 dowry, 176. 
 deeded to priestess or vowed wo- 
 man, her brothers her heirs, 178. 
 unless full liberty of disposal 
 
 be granted in deed, 179. 
 dowerless virgin has son's share of 
 
 estate, 180. 
 her brothers her heirs, 180. 
 dowerless prostitute has one-third 
 ' son's share; her brothers her 
 
 heirs, 181. 
 dowerless priestess of Marduk has 
 
 one-third son's share, 182. 
 priestess of Marduk may bequeath 
 
 where she will, 182. 
 
 concubine with dowry does not 
 share at division of father's estate, 
 183. 
 
 if without dowry, her brothers must 
 give one ere dividing estate, 184. 
 
 Drink. (See Wine-seller.) 
 
 Drowning, for adultery, 129. 
 
 incest with daughter-in-law, 155. 
 
 bad wife, 143. 
 
 deserting home during captivity of 
 husband, if provided with main- 
 tenance, 1.33. 
 
 wine-seller for fraudulent dealing, 
 109. 
 
 Dyke, 53. 
 
 Ear, of slave, cut off as penalty for 
 striking freeman, 205. 
 denying his owner, 282. 
 
 Equals, assault of, 196, 200, 203, 204, 
 
 200. 
 Evicted purchaser reimbursed, 9. 
 Exile for incest with daughter, 154. 
 
 Eye, torn out as punishment, 193. 
 struck out in. assault, 196, 198, 199. 
 disease of, cured, 215, 216, 217. 
 destroyed, malpractice, 218, 220. 
 
 Eye of ox = half value of ox, 246. 
 
 False accusation : capital c^ime, 1. 
 capital, 2. 
 
 licentiousness or adultery, 127. 
 adultery, 131. 
 
 False claims for money or goods, 106, 
 107, 126, 11, 13, 10. 
 
 Farm, farmers. (See Field Laws, 
 Lease.) 
 
 Fatal assault, upon equal, 206. 
 upon freeman, 207. 
 
 Father, may depute son to transact 
 business, 7. 
 captured official succeeded by son, 
 
 28,29. 
 official may not assign official ten- 
 ures to daughter, 38. 
 but may assign anything else, 39. 
 
122 
 
 The Code of JIammukabi 
 
 may demand punishment of credi- 
 tor who is responsible for death 
 of son, 116. 
 
 may retain his own children, if their 
 mother bo reclaimed by former 
 husband, 135. 
 
 forfeits all claims by deliberate de- 
 sertion, 136. 
 
 does not have prior claim to chil- 
 dren of concubine, 137. 
 
 but is still liable for their mainten- 
 ance, 137. 
 
 may not use his son as a proxy for 
 a betrothal to himself, 155, 156. 
 
 may disinherit incestuous son, 158. 
 
 may exact forfeit for breach of 
 promise, 159. 
 
 may be mulcted for breach of be- 
 trothal contract, 160, 161. 
 
 may not deprive children of their 
 mother's dowry, 162. 
 
 may deed a gift to favorite son, 165. 
 
 may make marriage contracts for 
 his sons, 166. 
 
 may not disinherit son without 
 cause, or without legal procedure, 
 168, 169. 
 
 if father be free, children by his 
 maid servant npt slaves, 170. 
 
 but may be heirs, if he so will, 170. 
 
 otherwise they do not share in 
 estate, 171. 
 
 if a slave, yet children are free, if 
 mother were free, 175. 
 
 but his earnings are his owner's, 176. 
 
 father's deeds to unmarried daugh- 
 ters, 178-84. 
 
 father adopts son (see Adoption), 
 185-93. 
 
 may lose child as a penalty for 
 death of another's child, 116, 210, 
 220. 
 
 Favorite son, may receive deed of 
 
 gift from father, 165. 
 in his lifetime, 165. 
 by written deed, 165. 
 other children no claim against, 165. 
 shares equally with them at father's 
 
 death, 165. 
 
 may receive gift from mother; not 
 from dowry, 150. 
 
 Pees, for curing wound, or eye, by sur- 
 gery: gentleman pays ten shekels 
 silver, 215. 
 
 freeman pays Ave shekels, 210. 
 
 slaye pays two shekels, 217. 
 
 for curing broken limb, or stomach 
 trouble, gentleman pays five 
 shekels, 221. 
 
 freeman pays three shekels, 222. 
 
 slave pays two shekels, 223. 
 
 for curing injured ox or sheep, one- 
 sixth shekel, 224. 
 
 Eight shekels being about a year's 
 earnings for a good mechanic, it 
 will be seen that physicians were 
 well paid (see Hire). 
 
 Field laws : grain fields, lessee culti- 
 vators, 42-47 (see Cultivation 
 Laws). 
 
 damages by neglect of dykes or 
 runnels, 5.3-56. 
 
 damages by flocks, 57, 58. 
 
 orchards, 59-65 (see Orchards). 
 
 metayer rents, 253-56. 
 
 Fines : unlawful distraint, one-third 
 
 mina, 114. 
 seducing .son's fiancee, one-half 
 
 mina, 156. 
 assault of gentleman on gentleman, 
 
 one mina, 203. 
 freeman on freeman, ten shekels, 
 
 204. 
 fatal unintentional wound in quar- 
 rel; if deceased were gentleman, 
 
 one-half mina, 207. 
 if freeman, one-third mina, 208. 
 assault on pregnant lady, causing 
 
 miscarriage, ten shekels, 209. 
 assault on pregnant freewoman, 
 
 causing miscarriage, five shekels, 
 
 211. 
 assault on pregnant slave, causing 
 
 miscarriage, two shekels, 213. 
 assault on pregnant freewoman, 
 
 producing death, ono-halt mina, 
 
 212. 
 
Index op Subjects 
 
 123 
 
 assault on pregnant slave, produc- 
 ing death, one-third mina, 214. 
 
 for malpractice on slave of freeman, 
 destroying eye, one-half price of 
 slave, 220. 
 
 causing death of ox or sheep, by 
 careless operation, one-quarter 
 price, 225. 
 
 distraining work-ox,one-third mina, 
 241. 
 
 mutilntinsr hired ox, ono-(iuartor 
 price. 248. 
 
 destroyini; eye of hired ox, one- 
 half price, 247. 
 
 letting vicious ox gore gentleman 
 to death, one-half mina of silver, 
 251. 
 
 gentleman's servant,one-third mina, 
 252. 
 
 stealing corn or plants on metayer, 
 sixty GUR per ten GAN, 255. 
 
 stealing water-wheel, five shekels, 
 259. 
 
 stealing shadflf or harrow, three 
 shekels, 260. 
 
 Fingers, cut oflf for striking father, 
 195. 
 cut off for malpractice, 218. 
 cut off for wrong branding. 226. 
 cut off, of dishonest cultivator, 253. 
 
 Fire, theft at, 25. 
 
 Floods, from storms, 45, 46, 48. 
 from dyke or runnel, 53, 54, 55, 56. 
 
 Forfeit, of. price paid for illegal pur- 
 chase, 35, 37, 41, 177. 
 
 of share of orchard for breach of 
 contract, 62, 63. 
 
 of lease for neglecting to cultivate, 
 42, 43, 44. 
 
 of claim, by unlawful process, 113. 
 
 of claim, by cruelty, 116. 
 
 of claim, by exaggeration, 126. 
 
 of official tenure, by neglect, 30, 26. 
 
 of official tenure, for wrong judg- 
 ment, 5. 
 
 Fraud, attempted, various types : by 
 alteration of judgment, 5. 
 
 by false claim that property was 
 
 stolen, 11, 13. 
 illegal purchase, from irresponsible 
 
 parties, 7. 
 false claim of purchase, 10. 
 defrauding lower officer, 34. 
 by disputing accounts, 106, 107. 
 exorbitant charges for liquor, 108. 
 by public carrier, 112. 
 by false claim of debt, 114. 
 by abstracting from stored grain, 
 
 120. 
 disputing deposit, 124. 
 false claim of loss from deposit, 126. 
 maligning wife, to secure forfeit of 
 
 her dowry, 142. 
 by selling property of wards, 177. 
 by substitution of nurse, 194. 
 by flimsy construction, 233. 235. 
 by robbing landlord, 253-256. 
 by stealing from flock, 265. 
 
 Freeman, contrasted with gentleman 
 
 and slave, theft from, 8. 
 abducting slave from, 15, 16. 
 divorce for, one-third mina, 140. 
 injury to, by gentleman, 198. 
 injury to, by freeman, 204. 
 injury to son of freeman, 208. 
 injury to daughter of freeman, 211, 
 
 212. 
 doctor's tee, son of freeman, 216, 
 
 222. 
 doctor's fee, slave of freeman, 219, 
 
 220. 
 Fugitive slave laws, 15-20. 
 aid of escape, capital offense, 15. 
 harboring or concealing, capital 
 
 offense, 16. 
 reward tor recapture and return, 
 
 17. 
 inquiry for owner, 118, 280-282. 
 detention of captured slave, capital 
 
 offense, 19. 
 purgation by oath in case of re- 
 escape, 20. 
 
 GAN : six and two-thirds acres. (See 
 
 Weights and Measures.) 
 Gift, deeds of gift, 150, 178-183. 
 
124 
 
 The Code op JJammurabi 
 
 God : river = river god, 2, 132. 
 Adad, storm god, 45, 46, 48. 
 god strikes = disease or accident, 
 
 249, 266. 
 before god. (See Affidavit, Oath.) 
 
 Goring by ox, owner not liable, 250. 
 owner is liable, 251, 252. 
 
 Granary : store house, 113, 120, 121. 
 
 Guilty knowledge, of theft, 9, 10, 
 
 Harboring fugitive slave, 16. 
 
 disorderly or seditious persons, 109. 
 
 Herdsman, shepherd: requires own- 
 er's permission for pasturing 
 young grain field, 57. 
 
 otherwise pays damages, 57. 
 
 may not pasture out of season, 58. 
 
 otherwise pays damages, 58. 
 
 must rnake good lost animals, 263. 
 
 bonds of master herdsman for re- 
 turns from herd or flock, 264. 
 
 fined for alteration of contract, 
 265. 
 
 not responsible for accident, or 
 wild beasts, 266. 
 
 unless careless, 267. > 
 
 wages of common herdsman, eight 
 GUR corn per year, 261. 
 
 Highway robbery. (See Brigandage.) 
 
 Hire. (See also Fees.) Money : 180 
 §E = one shekel ;• sixty shekels, 
 one mina. Corn measures : 300 
 KA = 1 GUR. Value of 1 GUR, 
 one shekel. Value of 10 KA, 6 
 gE. 
 
 hiring substitutes on king's busi- 
 ness a capital offense, 26, 33, 34. 
 
 builder, paid by piece, 228. 
 
 boat-builder, paid by piece, 234. 
 
 navigator, paid by year, 239. 
 
 navigator, salvage = one-half value 
 of vessel, 237, 238. 
 
 draught ox, per year, four GUR 
 grain, 242. 
 
 milch cow, ? per year, three 
 GUR grain, 243. 
 
 field laborer, per year, eight GUR 
 grain, 257. 
 
 herdsman, shepherd, six gur grain, 
 
 258. 
 herdsman, eight GUR grain, 261. 
 of ox for threshing, twenty KA per 
 
 day, 268. 
 of ass for threshing, ten K.\ per 
 
 day, 269. 
 of calf for threshing, one KA per 
 
 day, 270. 
 of oxen, wagon, and driver, one 
 
 hundred and eighty KA per day, 
 
 271. 
 of wagon alone, forty KA per day, 
 
 272. 
 day laborer, 'first five months of 
 
 the year, six SE silver jxt day, 
 
 273. 
 last seven months, five SE .silver 
 
 per day, 273. 
 of — , five SE silver 
 
 per day, 274. 
 of brickmaker (?), five SE silver 
 
 per day, 274. 
 of tailor, five SE silver, per day, 
 
 274. 
 of (stonecutter (?)), five (?) SE silver 
 
 per day, 274. 
 of milker '?), five (?) SE silver, per 
 
 day, 274. 
 of carpenter, four SE silver, per 
 
 day, 274. 
 of builder, four SE silver, per day, 
 
 274. 
 
 of , three SE silver per day, 275. 
 
 of sailboat (?), two and one-half SE 
 
 silver per day, 276. 
 of boat of sixty GUR, one sixth 
 
 shekel per day, 277. 
 
 Housebreaking, capital crime, 21. 
 householder, responsible for loss of 
 goods entrusted to him, 125. 
 
 Husband: powers and privileges: may 
 deed property to wife or daugh- 
 ter, 39. 
 
 unless it is an official tenure, 38. 
 
 has no legal claim on wife if bonds 
 have not been given, 128. 
 
 may bind wife to three years' ser- 
 vice for debt, 117, 152. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 125 
 
 unless she previously stipulate 
 otherwise, 151. 
 
 may pardon adulterous wife, 129. 
 
 may require purgation by oath, 131. 
 
 may require purgation by ordeal, 
 132. 
 
 may retain claim on his wife, dur- 
 ing his captivity, if she have a 
 livelihood, 133. 
 
 otherwise she may remarry, 134. 
 
 but if he escape, he may reclaim 
 her, 135. 
 
 but may not claim her second chil- 
 dren, 135. 
 
 forfeits all conjugal rights by de- 
 sertion, 136. 
 
 may divorce a concubine at will, 
 137. 
 
 but forfeits dowry, must give her 
 share in property, and custody of 
 children, 137. 
 
 if he divorce wife, pays heavy for- 
 feits, 138, 139, 140. 
 
 may refuse divorce to bad wife, 141. 
 
 and reduce her to servitude, 141. 
 
 if he be at fault, he must grant her 
 divorce, 142. 
 
 may take concubine, if wife be bar- 
 ren, and do not present him 
 maid servant, 144. 
 
 may take concubine in default of 
 maid servant, 145. 
 
 but may not rank her, or maid, with 
 wife, 145, 146. 
 
 may take second wife, if first be 
 chronic invalid, 148. 
 
 but may not put away the first^ 
 148. 
 
 nor retain her against her will, 149. 
 
 may deed any gift to wife, 150. 
 
 is jointly responsible with her for 
 debts contracted after marriage, 
 152. 
 
 not held for debts contracted by 
 wife before marriage, 151. 
 
 nor can she be held for debts con- 
 tracted by him before marriage, 
 without her consent, 151. 
 
 he has no claim on her dowry, 163. 
 
 but may reclaim betrothal gift of 
 deceased childless wife, 163, 164. 
 
 may rank his maid servant's chil- 
 dren with wife's, 170. 
 
 cannot set aside wife's right to 
 marriage jointure by neglect to 
 bestow, 172. 
 
 if husband be a slave, may still 
 marry a freewoman, 175, 176. 
 
 his children then free, 176. 
 
 his owner has no claim upon wife 
 or her earnings, 176. 
 
 husband and wife equal partners 
 in household, 152, 175, 176. 
 
 Identification of lost or stolen prop- 
 erty, 9, 10, 11, 13. 
 of slave, 18, 280-82. 
 
 Ignorance, plea of, extenuates or frees 
 from guilt, 206, 207, 208, 227. 
 
 Illegal purchase, penalties imposed, 
 35, 37, 41, 177. 
 
 Impalement, as penalty, 153. 
 
 Incest, 154-58. 
 of man and daughter, man exiled, 
 
 154. 
 with son's betrothed, man Sued, 
 
 156. 
 with son's wife, man drowned, 155. 
 with mother, both burnt, 157. 
 with father's wife, man disinherited, 
 
 158. 
 
 Inheritance : children cannot claim 
 gift made to mother by their 
 father in lifetime, 150. 
 
 dowry of childless woman may 
 sometimes revert to father's 
 house at her death, 163. 
 
 her betrothal gift then is her hus- 
 band's, 163. 
 
 dowry of woman goes to her chil- 
 dren, not to her husband, 162. 
 
 favorite son retains gift deeded 
 him in father's lifetime ; shares 
 in remainder of estate equally 
 with others, 165. 
 
 minor son has betrothal gift added 
 to his share of estate, 166. 
 
126 
 
 The Code of JJammueabi 
 
 it man have two wives in succession, 
 children inherit dowries of re- 
 spective mothers ; share alike in 
 father's estate, 167. 
 
 disinheritance not at caprice of 
 father, 168. 
 
 for grave crime a second time, 168, 
 1G9. 
 
 for incest lirst time, 158. 
 
 children of man's maid servant in- 
 herit with children of wife if ac- 
 knowledged by father in his 
 lifetime, 170. 
 
 wife's sons have first choice, 170. 
 
 if unrecognized by father, maid 
 servant's children do not share 
 in estate, 171. 
 
 not counted slaves, 171. 
 
 wife has but life interest in her 
 dowry; goes to her children after 
 her, 171. 
 
 widow receives her dowry, 172. 
 
 if there were no marriage jointure, 
 she must have a child's portion 
 of husband's estate, 172. 
 
 man's heirs cannot expel widow 
 from house, 172. 
 
 widow who remarries takes her dow- 
 ry, but leaves marriage jointure 
 to children of first husband, 172. 
 
 if widow remarry and have second 
 family, the two sets of children 
 divide dowry, 173. 
 
 if widow remarry; no second family; 
 children by first husband inherit 
 dowry, 174. 
 
 if woman who is free marry slave, 
 children are free, 175. 
 
 but inherit only one-half of joint 
 property, 176. 
 
 and the mother's dowry, 176. 
 
 children's inheritance not diverted 
 by remarriage of mother, 177. 
 
 a vestal or a vowed woman receives 
 deed of gift from her father; if 
 gift be not unlimited, her broth- 
 ers are her heirs, 178. 
 
 if unlimited deed, she chooses her 
 heir, 179. 
 
 if maiden or vestal have received no 
 dowry from her father, has son's 
 share of estate, 180. 
 
 her brothers inherit it after her, 
 180. 
 
 sacred or lay prostitute has one- 
 third son's share, 181. 
 
 her brothers her heirs, 181. 
 
 priestess of Marduk has ono-tliird 
 son's share, 182. 
 
 leaves to whom she will, 182. 
 
 concubine, who has dowry, does 
 not share in father's estate, 183. 
 
 concubine not dowered by her 
 father shall be by her brothers, 
 from father's estate, 184. 
 
 adopted son inherits one-third of 
 a son's share of personal property, 
 in case of repudiation by adop- 
 tive father, 191. 
 
 Interest : abatement for loss of croj), 
 
 48. 
 payable in grain, 49, 50, 51. 
 not canceled for neglect to raise 
 
 crop, 52. 
 
 Intimidation of witnesses, penal of- 
 fense, 3. 
 
 Irrigation laws, 53-56. 
 
 each cultivator responsible for his 
 own dyke, and for damages there- 
 by, 53, 54. 
 
 cultivator liable for damages it his 
 runnel be open too long, 55, 56. 
 
 Judge : deposed for retraction of de- 
 cision, 5. 
 
 may postpone case, 13. 
 
 branding before, 127. 
 
 determines question of disinherit- 
 ance, 168, 169. 
 
 guards interest of minor children 
 in case of second marriage, 177. 
 
 prevents expulsion of widow from 
 home, 172. 
 
 may i)revent remarriage of widow, 
 177. 
 
 KA, one liter. 
 Measures.) 
 
 (See Weights and 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 127 
 
 Kidnapping, capital crime, 14. 
 King's scale, as value of grain, 51. 
 
 Landlord's risks. (See Lease.) 
 loss of crop-rent, 46. 
 
 Lancet, bronze, in surgery, 215-20. 
 
 Lease, of land, for grain, 42-47. 
 idle lessee must give average grain 
 
 yield, 42. 
 must break up field ere returning 
 
 it, 43. 
 lessee of wild land must prepare 
 
 for cultivation within four years, 
 
 44. 
 rental of ten GUR per ten GAN re- 
 
 (juired fourth year, 44. 
 lessee bears loss of crop, 45. 
 landlord shares loss of crop, 46. 
 lessee may sublet, 47. 
 lessee of ground, to plant orchard, 
 
 holds it five years, 60. 
 divides ground equally with owner, 
 
 60. 
 must take all undeveloped ground, 
 
 61. 
 if planting corn-land in orchard 
 
 were neglected, pays full corn 
 
 rental, 62. 
 forfeits share of land, 62. 
 must still plant out trees, 62. 
 if planting wild-land in orchard 
 
 were neglected, forfeits share, 63. 
 pays ten GUR of corn per ten 
 
 GAN for each year, 63. 
 Levy, of the king, not to be employed 
 
 by another, 33. 
 Lex talionis. (See Retaliation.) 
 Libel. (See Lying.) 
 Lion, mentioned, 244, 266. 
 Liquor laws. (See Wine-seller). 
 
 Local liability tor compensation for 
 robbery, 23, 24. 
 for ransom of officer, 32. 
 for defaulting metayer renter, 256. 
 
 Losses, of property. (See Theft.) 
 lost property, if found, may not be 
 sold, 9-13. 
 
 lost slave to be returned, 16-20. 
 
 agent not responsible for losses 
 by robbery or capture by the 
 enemy, 103. 
 
 carrier responsible for losses, 112. 
 
 warehouseman responsible for loss, 
 120. 
 
 banker or trastee of valuables re- 
 sponsible for loss, 124. 
 
 owner of house responsible for losses 
 by house-broakingor robbery, 125. 
 
 builder responsible for destroyed 
 goods, 232. 
 
 captain responsible for lost vessel, 
 236, 237. 
 
 captain responsible tpr lost freight, 
 237. 
 
 captain of vessel in motion respon- 
 sible for loss by collision, 240. 
 
 animal killed by lion is owner's 
 loss, 244, 266. 
 
 ox killed by neglect or abuse, hirer 
 responsible, 245. 
 
 injuries to ox paid for by hirer, 246, 
 247, 248. 
 
 loss by disease or unavoidable acci- 
 dent is the owner's, 249, 266. 
 
 less by carelessness is the herds- 
 man's, 263, 267. 
 Lying, 11. 
 
 false charge of capital crime, 1, 2. 
 
 perjury, 3. 
 
 false claim of property, 11, 13, 126. 
 
 false assertion of purchase, 10. 
 
 false charge against woman, 127. 
 
 false charge against prospective 
 bridegroom, 161. 
 
 Maid servant, female slave; aiding 
 or conniving at escape, capital 
 crime, 15. 
 
 concealment of, capital crime, 16. 
 
 reward for return, 17. 
 
 inquiry as to owner, 18. 
 
 detention of, capital crime, 19. 
 
 if she re-escape; purgation of cap- 
 tor by oath, 20. 
 
 not salable by another slave or 
 minor, without witness or bonds, 
 7. 
 
128 
 
 The Code op Hammurabi 
 
 assignable to work off debt, 118. 
 
 to be redeemed if slie have borne 
 cfiildren, 119. 
 
 may be given by barren wife to her 
 husband, 144. 
 
 cannot rank with her mistress, 146. 
 
 cannot be sold if she have borne 
 children, 146. 
 
 otherwise mistress may sell her, 
 147. 
 
 children by man's maid may be 
 recognized by father, 170. 
 
 if recognized, share estate with 
 other children, 170. 
 
 if not, have no share in estate, 171. 
 
 I lilt arc free, 171,. 
 
 miscarriage caused by blow; fined, 
 213. 
 
 death caused by blow; fined, 21.3. 
 
 health guaranteed by seller, 278 
 
 seller guarantees against all claim- 
 ants, 279. 
 
 native slaves sold to another land 
 are thereby free, 280. 
 
 purchaser has no recourse, 280. 
 
 foreign slaves restored to owner, 
 281. 
 
 provided he reimburse the mer- 
 chant, 281. 
 
 Maintenance, necessary to contracts: 
 lessee may sublet, if he do not 
 gain maintenance, 47. 
 
 mortgagee receives back loan, and 
 maintenance of his cultivator. 49. 
 
 of otlicor's son, during cajitivity of 
 father, 29. 
 
 of imprisoned debtor, 116. 
 
 of wife, during husband's captivity, 
 prevents remarriage, 1.33. 
 
 if no maintenance, wife may re- 
 marry, 134, 135. 
 
 maintenance of divorced wife, 137. 
 
 maintenance of divorced concubine, 
 137. 
 
 wife must not waste, 141, 142, 143. 
 
 of invalid wife, in case a second wife 
 is taken, 148. 
 
 of priestess or vowed woman, by 
 her cultivators, 178. 
 
 Man : 
 
 1. usually person of any rank or 
 either se.'c ; contract tablets show 
 women in all kinds of business 
 transactions; in the commercial 
 world they appear to have been 
 on an absolute e(|uality with 
 men. 
 
 2. in certain sections, involving spe 
 cific domestic relations, it means 
 exclusively a male. 
 
 .3. in other sections, involving dis- 
 tinctions in rank, it means the 
 independent householder, as con- 
 trasted with slave, or freeman. 
 
 Mancipiuin, hostage to work oil' (lol)t, 
 
 natural death, no blame, 115. 
 
 death by abuse or starvation, pen- 
 alties, 116. 
 
 free in thi-ee years, it free born, 117. 
 
 slave can be sold by creditor on 
 removal, 118. 
 
 but not if mother of debtor's chil- 
 dren, 119. 
 
 redeemed by debtor, 119. 
 
 free wife cannot be bound over 
 to creditor if she contract other- 
 wise, 151. 
 
 Manslaughter, of hostage for debt, 
 
 116. 
 if son of a man, slayer's son put to 
 
 death, 116. 
 if slave of a man, one-third mina 
 
 silver, 110. 
 by l)low in <|uarrel, 200, 207. 
 if gentleman slain, one-half mina 
 
 silver, 207. 
 if freeman, one-third mina, 208. 
 if daughter of gentleman, his 
 
 daughter put to death, 210. 
 if daughter of fi-eeman, one-half 
 
 mina silver, 212. 
 if maid .servant, one-third mina sil 
 
 ver, 214. 
 (Death by malpractice, 218, 219.) 
 
 Marriage settlements, of three kinds : 
 
 1. property offered by groom as 
 
 betrothal present, held in trust 
 
Index op Subjects 
 
 12i) 
 
 by bride's father. (Estimated, for 
 laborer, at seven years' earnings ; 
 see 138, 139.) (See Betrothal Pres- 
 ent.) 
 
 2. property presented to bride at 
 marriage by her father. (See 
 Dowry.) 
 
 .3. j)roperty presented by groom to 
 bride, at marriage, or later. (See 
 Marriage Jointure.) 
 
 nil these distinct from other pos- 
 sible deeds of gift. 
 Marriage jointure : any proijerty 
 settled on wife at marriage by 
 husband. Distinct from other 
 gifts a husband may present to 
 wife, as in 1.50, q. v. 
 
 widow enjoys for life, if she do 
 not remarry, 171. 
 
 not salable; husband's children 
 her heirs, 171. 
 
 if no jointure be given, she has a 
 son's share in estate, 172. 
 
 in case of remarriage, resigns join- 
 ture to children of first marriage, 
 172. 
 Master, of slave. (See Owner.) 
 Merchant, banker, wholesaler, money- 
 lender: ransoms officer, reimbursed, 
 32. 
 
 full powers in disposal of his own 
 property, 40. 
 
 relations with farmer : lends to 
 farmer, mortgage on land, 49. 
 
 cultivates, takes his dues out of 
 crop, 49. 
 
 at king's price, 51. 
 
 returns rest to farmer, 49. 
 
 takes lien or mortgage on crop, 50. 
 
 does not handle it, 50. 
 
 holds idle farmer to contract, 52. 
 
 but bears risks of a bad season, 48. 
 
 grants postponement and abate- 
 ment of interest, 48. 
 
 relations to agent, 100-107. 
 
 accounts kept, 100, 104, 105. 
 
 punctuality in payments, 100. 
 
 shares risk of unprofitable busi- 
 ness. 101, 102, 103. 
 
 does not lose principal, 101, 102. 
 unless agent was robbed, 103. 
 supplies agent with money, 100-103. 
 or with goods, 104. 
 receipts given and taken, 104, 105. 
 no credit to agent for money not 
 
 receipted for, 105. 
 agent disputes true account, fined, 
 
 106. 
 merchant disputes true account, 
 
 fined, 107. 
 powers of attachment or levy 
 
 limited, 113-119. 
 cannot levy on stored corn without 
 
 consent of owner, 113. 
 under penalty of fine and forfeit, 
 
 113. 
 distraint without legal claim, fined, 
 
 114. 
 hostage for debt dies natural death, 
 
 no blame, 115. 
 hostage for debt dies of abuse or 
 
 neglect, heavy penalties, 116. 
 may receive free i)ersons for three 
 
 years' service on account,, 117. 
 may receive a slave to work (jn 
 
 debt, and sell, 118. 
 may not sell maid servant, mother 
 
 of debtor's children, 119. 
 holds man and wife equally respon- 
 sible for debts contracted after 
 
 marriage, 152. 
 Vjut not for previous debts, 151. 
 risks loss of money in purchasing 
 
 native slaves abroad, 280. 
 but not in jiurchaso of foreign 
 
 slaves, 281. 
 
 Metayer rents : landlord supplies 
 
 tools, seed, work-animals, 253-56. 
 cultivator dishonest, fingers cut 
 
 off, 253. 
 bad treatment of equipment; 
 
 damages collected from his 
 
 share of crop, 254. 
 if he hire oxen to another, fined, 2.55. 
 if he fail to produce crop, pays 
 
 sixty GUR per ten GAN, 255. 
 or his community does, 250. 
 else he becomes a serf, 256. 
 
130 
 
 The Code of Hammukabi 
 
 Militia, conscripts for corvie, men of 
 the levy, not to be diverted from 
 royal service, 34. 
 
 Minors, cannot sell or deposit with- 
 out witness or contracts, 7. 
 
 death penalty for kidnapping, 14. 
 
 son of offlccr may have one-third of 
 ahwent father's tenure given in 
 trust to his brother for his suii- 
 port, 29. 
 
 concubine divorced without cause 
 has custody of her minor chil- 
 dren, 137. 
 
 children of woman by second hus- 
 band in his custody, if first hus- 
 band return and claim wife, 1.36. 
 
 children of widow, if she remarry, 
 are wards of herself and second 
 husband, 177. 
 
 elder brothers must deduct from 
 estate betrothal present for a 
 minor brother, on division, 166. 
 
 may be adopted, 185. 
 
 if not submissive to adoptive par- 
 ents, may be sent home, 186. 
 
 adopted minor of certain classes 
 cannot be reclaimed, 187. 
 
 if taught trade of adojjtive father, 
 cannot bo reclaimed, 188. 
 
 if not taught trade of adojitive 
 father, can be reclaimed, 189. 
 
 if adopted, and not ranked with 
 sons, can return home, 190. 
 
 may not then be cut off penniless ; 
 gets one-third of a son's portion 
 of personal property, 191. 
 
 no share in real property, 191. 
 
 Miscarriage, 209, 211, 213 (see As- 
 sault, Fine.) 
 
 Money: Assyrian always "silver." 
 No coinage. Measures of mone- 
 tary value are weights. 180 SE 
 or "grains of wheat?" = one 
 shekel; sixty shekels = one uiina. 
 (See Hire, Price, Fines, Weights 
 and Measures.) 
 
 Mortgage, on field, 49. 
 on crop, 50. 
 
 chattel mortgage on slave, 118. 
 gives power of sale, if slave be not 
 
 a mother, 118. 
 but not if she be the mother of 
 
 mortgagor's children, 119. 
 
 Mother, custodian of child in absence 
 of hus))and, 29. 
 
 in case of second marriage during 
 Mr.st lui.^band's lifetiino, (sannot 
 take second children if hrst hus- 
 band claim her, 135. 
 
 has custody of children if a concu- 
 l)ine and divorced without cause, 
 137. 
 
 may count her maid servant's chil- 
 dren her own, 144. 
 
 may give property deeded her by 
 husband to her favorite child, 150. 
 
 if incestuous, burned, 157. 
 
 mother's dowry goes to children, 
 167, 173, 174. 
 
 widowed mother may not be driven 
 from home by children, 172. 
 
 if wife of slave, has half interest in 
 their joint earnings, for her chil- 
 dren, 176. 
 
 her dowry is for her children, 176, 
 they are free, 175. 
 
 mother remarrying is joint guard- 
 ian with her second husband, 
 of her children's interests, 177. 
 
 if child be surrendered by reason of 
 some vow, cannot reclaim her 
 child from adoptive parents, 187. 
 
 adoption requires consent of the 
 mother, 188. 
 
 adoptive mother to be respected, 
 192, 193. 
 
 Mutilation, as penalty. (See Retalia- 
 tion.) 
 
 ear of slave cut off, 205,282 (see Ear). 
 
 eye of scornful adopted son torn 
 out, 193. 
 
 lingers cut oil', 195, 218, 22(), 2r)3 
 (see Fingers). 
 
 branding of slanderer, 127. 
 
 branding of slave, 226, 227. 
 
 breast of wet nurse cut off, for sub- 
 stitution, 194. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 131 
 
 Mutilation of hired animals fined, 
 246-48. 
 
 Neglect of official duty, capital of- 
 fense, 26. 
 
 of official tenure, for three years: 
 tenure forfeited, 30. 
 
 of official tenure, for one year: 
 tenure restored, .31. 
 
 to cultivate well a field, average 
 crop required, 42. 
 
 of Hold altogether, average crop 
 required, 43. 
 
 field made ready (or seed and for- 
 feited, 4.3. 
 
 neglect to develop wild land, as 
 above, 44. 
 
 neglect to cultivate does not alter 
 bonds, 52. 
 
 neglect of dyke, cultivator liable 
 for all damages, 53, 54. 
 
 neglect of runnel, cultivator liable 
 for all damages, 55, 56. 
 
 neglect to plant orchard as per 
 contract: pays corn-rent, pre- 
 pares for seed, forfeits share, 62. 
 
 neglect to plant wild land in or- 
 chard, 63. 
 
 neglect to properly till rented or- 
 chard, average yield required, 65. 
 
 neglect to take receipt, no credit 
 given, 105. 
 
 neglect of hostage for debt, credi- 
 tor liable, 116. 
 
 carrier negligent,liable for damages, 
 112. 
 
 neglect of builder to properly con- 
 struct house, 229. 
 
 liable for life lost in collapse, 229, 230. 
 
 liable for property destroyed, 231, 
 232. 
 
 rebuilds at own expense, 233. 
 
 negligence of boat-builder, must 
 make vessel seaworthy, 235. 
 
 negligence of navigator, liable for 
 total losses, 236, 237. 
 
 negligence of navigator, liable lor 
 damage by collision, 240. 
 
 neglect of hired ox, liable for loss, 
 245. 
 
 neglect to confine vicious ox, liable 
 for damages, 251, 252. 
 
 neglect by metayer renter, liable 
 for damages, 254, 255. 
 
 neglect by herdsman, replaces ani- 
 mals lost, 263, 267. 
 
 neglect of herdsman to supervise 
 herd, returns required according 
 to bond, 264. 
 
 Oath reciuired of witnesses to dis- 
 puted property, 0. 
 
 for purgation of captor, if slave 
 re-escape, 20. 
 
 for purgation of wife suspected of 
 adultery, 131. 
 
 for purgation of deceived brander 
 of slave, 227. 
 
 for purgation of unintentional in- 
 jury, 206, 207. 
 
 for purgation of shepherd suspected 
 of negligence, 266. 
 
 for purgation of trader from sus- 
 picion of fraud, 103. 
 
 for purgation of the hirer of an ox 
 that dies in his possession, 249. 
 
 as to amount of loss, in case of 
 highway robbery, 23, 103. 
 
 in case of storage of grain, 120. 
 
 in case of lost deposit, 126. 
 
 in case of loss in wreck, 240. 
 
 in case of money expended for re- 
 claimed slave, 281. 
 
 as to correctness of accounts, 106, 
 107. 
 
 Officials of the king may not hire 
 substitutes, 26, .a3. 
 
 resume duties when escaped from 
 captivity, 27. 
 
 son, if able, may conduct business 
 in absence of father, 28. 
 
 wife of captured officer rears minor 
 son; has one-third of the fief, 
 29. 
 
 if official be negligent, or abandon 
 business, three years' manage- 
 ment by another secures title to 
 the latter, 30. 
 
 if absent from duty one year, may 
 recover place, 31. 
 
132 
 
 The Code of ^Jammukabi 
 
 to be ransomed it captured, 32. 
 may not ajipropriate levies or con- 
 
 scrijits, 33. 
 may not opi)ross minor ollicial, 34. 
 may not sell live-stock intrusted 
 
 him by king, 35. 
 
 Open accounts, between agent and 
 
 merchant, 100-106 (see Agent). 
 between landlord and tenant, 42- 
 
 47, 60-65 (see Cultivation Laws 
 
 and Orchards), 
 between borrower and lender, 48- 
 
 52, 113, 117. 
 between trustee and depositor, 120- 
 
 126. 
 
 Orchard laws : cutting tree without 
 permission, lino, 59. 
 
 four years to bring new orchard to 
 bearing, 60. 
 
 gardener receives one-halt the or- 
 chard, 60. 
 
 but must accept any detectively 
 tilled spot, 61. 
 
 it gardener fail to plant within 
 specified time, pays average corn 
 rent, plants orchard, 02. 
 
 and forfeits share, 02. 
 
 law tor planting wild land in or- 
 chard, same as above, 63. 
 
 rents orchard for tillage, for one- 
 third produce, 64. 
 
 average yield required, 65. 
 
 Ordeal, by water, for accusation of 
 sorcery, 2. 
 for slandered wife, 132. 
 
 Owner of slave, rights and powers: 
 requires witness and receipts if 
 he employ slave as salesman or 
 agent, 7. 
 
 government aids in return of fugi- 
 tive to owner, 16. 
 
 records of slaves kept, 18. 
 
 may mortgage or bind out slave to 
 work off a debt, 118, 119. 
 
 must redeem slave who has borne 
 him children, 119. 
 
 reimbursed for slave killed by 
 brutal creditor, 116. 
 
 king can pardon his adulterous 
 
 slave, 129. 
 woman may present slave to her 
 
 husl)und as concubine, 144. 
 she cannot sell her, if she bear 
 
 children, 147. 
 but may reduce her to servitude 
 
 again, 146. 
 man may formally acknowledge his 
 
 children by his female slave, 170. 
 cannot account them slaves, 171. 
 female slave bearing children to 
 
 owner gains freedom by his death, 
 
 171. 
 owner of slave has no claim upon 
 
 slave's children by froo wife, 175. 
 nor uj)on earnings or dowry of free 
 
 wife, 176. 
 can collect damages for injury to 
 
 slave, 199, 21.3, 214, 219, 220, 231, 
 
 252. 
 can forbid branding of slave, 220. 
 can demand guarantee of health of 
 
 new purchase, 278. 
 in selling, must guarantee against 
 
 all claimants, 279. 
 may by recognition permanently 
 
 free his escaped native slave 
 
 when latter has been found in 
 
 foreign land, 280. 
 or reclaim tor price paid, if they 
 
 are foreigners, 281. 
 may cut off ear of slave who dis- 
 putes his title, 282. 
 
 Ox, working (see Cattle and Sheep), 
 
 cannot be distrained, 241. 
 hire of, four GUR of corn per year, 
 
 242. 
 
 hire of ox, three GUR, 243. 
 
 no claim for damages if killed by 
 
 lion, 244. 
 to be reijlaced, if they die from abuse 
 
 or neglect, 245. 
 damages tor injuries to ox, 246, 247, 
 
 248. 
 hirer not liable if ox die of disease, 
 
 249. 
 draught ox gores passer, owner not 
 
 liable, 250. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 133 
 
 ox known to be vicious, gores per- 
 son, owner liable, 251, 252. 
 
 metayer renter liable for misuse of 
 oxen, 254, 255. 
 
 ox for threshing, hire 20 KA, 268. 
 
 ox team, wagon, and driver, hire 
 180 KA, 271. 
 
 Palace = "great house." Equivalent of 
 state, the government; ofiBcial 
 class; the king, sacred character; 
 theft from = sacrilege, or con- 
 structive treason, 6, 8. 
 
 "slave of palace or slave of freeman" 
 = an all-inclusive idiom for "slave 
 of high or low," 15, 16, 175, 176. 
 
 palace, place of records and offi- 
 cial inquiry, 18. 
 
 ransom of officer by palace, .32. 
 
 palace as police station or place of 
 judgment, 109. 
 
 palace guard, of inferior rank and 
 privilege, 187, 19.3. 
 
 Perjury, capital crime in capital 
 suit, 1, .3. 
 perhaps always incurred the pen- 
 alty liable in the case of, 4, 9, 10, 
 11, 13, 108, 107 (see Retaliation). 
 
 Personal property, distinct from real: 
 captive officer may use his per- 
 sonal property for his ransom, 
 not his official real property, 32. 
 adopted son, sent away, shares per- 
 sonal property but not real, 191. 
 
 Pledge, of official tenures, illegal, 41 
 (sec Mortgage). 
 
 Pregnant woman, 209-214 (see As- 
 sault, Fine). 
 
 Priestess. (See Devotee.) 
 
 PoHROSsion: three years establishes 
 title, 30. 
 
 Produce rent: grain fields, 42-47; 
 metayer, 253-256. 
 rent of grain field, one half (prob- 
 ably on metayer), or one-third, 46. 
 rent of orchard, two-thirds of crop, 
 64. 
 
 Ransom, of caiitive official, 32. 
 
 by self, 32. 
 
 by town, 32. 
 
 by palace, 32. 
 Rape, of betrothed maiden, capital 
 crime, 130. 
 
 of betrothed maiden, by prospective 
 father-in-law, fine, 156. 
 
 of daughter-in-law, by father-in- 
 law, capital crime, 155. 
 Real estate : government property 
 held by officer not transferable, 
 32, 36, 37, 38, 41. 
 
 managed by another if officer be 
 captured, 27. 
 
 reverts to officer upon his return, 27. 
 
 managed by officer's son, 28. 
 
 managed by officer's wife, 29. 
 
 given to another, if officer be negli- 
 gent three years, 30. 
 
 transferable, if purchased or inher- 
 ited, 39, 40. 
 
 can be leased, 42-46, 60-63 (see 
 Lease). 
 
 can be sublet, 47. 
 
 mortgaged, 49. 
 
 deeded as gift to favorites, 150, 
 165, 178, 179 (see Inheritance). 
 
 Rebellion, fostering, a capital crime, 
 109. 
 loss during, trustee liable, 125. 
 
 Receipt, required of slave or minor 
 who sells, 7. 
 
 required in open mercantile ac- 
 counts, 104-107. 
 
 given to depositors, 120, 122-120. 
 
 Receiving stolen goods, capital crime, 
 in certain cases only, 6, 8, 10 (see 
 Theft). 
 Recovery of lost property, strayed or 
 stolon, 9, 10. 
 
 fugitive slave, 17, 18. 
 
 lost in highway robbery, 23. 
 
 lost storage or deposit, 120, 124, 125. 
 
 failure to recover, misrepresenta- 
 tion, 126. 
 
 lost animal, 263 (see Damages, Res- 
 titution). 
 
134 
 
 The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 Redemption, of pledge or mancipium, 
 119. 
 debtor, must redeem maid who has 
 borne hjm children, 119. 
 
 Referees. (See Witnesses.) 
 
 Refusal to name owner, 19. 
 
 of conjugal rights, 141. 
 
 Reimbursement. (See Restitution). 
 
 Remarriage, of deserted wife, 136. 
 of divorced woman, 137. 
 of widow, 172, 173, 174, 177 (see 
 Dowry, Mother, Minors). 
 
 Remission of penalty, 129. 
 
 Rents, usually share of produce, 42- 
 47, 60-G5. Usual rate one-third, 
 or one-half on metayer, 46. 
 
 waste land leased to be put in grain 
 cultivation, three years free; 
 fourth, ten GUR per ten GAN, 44. 
 
 waste land leased to be put in 
 orchard: four years' time; then 
 half the orchard, 60, 61. 
 
 failing to plant, gardener pays 
 grain-rent and forfeits share of 
 field, 62, 63. 
 
 rent of orchard, two-thirds pro- 
 duce, 64 (see Abatement). 
 
 Repatriation of slave, 280, 281. 
 
 Repudiation of adoptive parents, 192, 
 193. 
 
 Restitution, reimbursement, compen- 
 sation for eviction from purchase, 
 9; flve-fold, 12. 
 
 of lost or stolen property that has 
 been sold, 9, 10. 
 
 by community, in case of brigan- 
 dage, 23, 24. 
 
 of oflBcial property seized by anoth- 
 er, 27, 31. 
 
 of official property bought by an- 
 other, 35, 37. 
 
 for crop damaged by water, 53-56. 
 
 tor crop damaged by sheep, 57, 58. 
 
 for injured tree, 59. 
 
 sacrilegious theft, thirtyfold, ten- 
 fold, 8. 
 
 alteration of verdict, twelvefold^ 5. 
 
 cheating principal, threefold, 106. 
 
 cheating agent, sixfold, 107. 
 
 loss in transport, fivefold, 112. 
 
 levying on stored goods, without 
 permission, 113. 
 
 false distraint, 114. 
 
 maltreating debtor, 116. 
 
 damage or loss of stored grain, 120. 
 
 damage or loss of valuables on de- 
 posit, 124, 125. 
 
 false or exaggerated claim of loss, 
 126. 
 
 to seduced fiancee of son, 156. 
 
 for breach of promise, 159, 100, 161. 
 
 of dowry and marriage jointure, 
 103, 1G4. 
 
 slave for slave, 219, 231. 
 
 goods for goods, 232, 237, 240. 
 
 boat for boat, 235, 236, 237, 240. 
 
 animal for animal, 245, 246, 263, 
 265, 267. 
 
 Retaliation, upon false accuser, 1, 2. 
 
 upon bribe-giver, 4. 
 
 upon perjurer or intimidator, 3. 
 
 upon false judge, 5. 
 
 upon false claimant, 11, 13. 
 
 son for son, 116, 2^50. 
 
 upon slanderer, 127. 
 
 hand for a blow, 195. 
 
 eye for eye, 196. 
 
 limb for limb, 197. 
 
 scourging for a blow, 202. 
 
 daughter for daughter, 210. 
 
 tooth for tooth, 200. 
 
 life for life, 229. 
 
 slave for slave, 219, 231. 
 Retraction of decision: penalty, heavy 
 fine, and forfeitureof judgeship,5. 
 
 Return of slave purchased within one 
 month, for disease, 278. 
 
 Reward for capturing fugitive slave, 
 17. 
 
 Risks, landlord's, 46, 48. 
 tenant's, 45, 52. 
 warehouseman's, 120, 125. 
 carrier's, 112. 
 lessor's, 244. 
 merchant's, 103. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 135 
 
 Sacrilegious theft, of first order, 6. 
 of second order, 8. 
 
 Sale. (See Merchant, Agent, Cred- 
 itor.^ 
 of man and property to pay dam- 
 ages, 54. 
 of wife or child for debt, 117. 
 of crops for debt, king's price, 51. 
 
 SAR, about eighteen square yards. 
 (See Weights and Measures.) 
 
 Scandal, 127, 132. 
 
 Scourging, sixty strokes, ox-hide 
 whip, 202. 
 
 Second marriage. (See Remarriage, 
 Widow.) 
 
 Seduction of betrothed daughter-in- 
 law, man fined, 156. 
 
 of daughter-in-law, capital crime, 
 155. 
 
 of slave from service, capital crime, 
 15. 
 
 Self-help forbidden, 113. 
 
 Separation of husband and wife: 
 grounds for, on part of husband, 
 none, pays alimony, restores 
 dowry, or equivalent, surrenders 
 children, 137, 138, 139, 140. 
 
 folly, wastefulness, unwifely con- 
 duct, desertion; divorce without 
 penalty, 141. 
 
 grounds for wife; husband deserted 
 her, 136. 
 
 if husband slander or abuse, 142. 
 
 Share of estate of parents: chil- 
 dren share equally father's es- 
 tate, 165. 
 
 first deducting special gift to favor- 
 ite, 165. 
 
 and betrothal gift for younger un- 
 married son, 166. 
 
 or special gift made to wife, 150. 
 
 or dowry for votary sister, 178- 
 182. 
 
 or dowry for concubine sister, 
 184. 
 
 children share equally their moth- 
 er's dowry, 167. 
 
 if woman remarry, all her chil- 
 dren share equally, 173. 
 
 if man marry twice, children share 
 dowries of respective mothers, 
 167. 
 
 children of both mothers share 
 equally in father's property, 167. 
 
 children of maid servant, if ac- 
 knowledged, share equally with 
 children of wife; latter have 
 right of choice, 170. 
 
 children share mother's marriage 
 
 . jointure, 171, 172. 
 
 children of slave father and free 
 mother inherit only mother's 
 property, 176. 
 
 Shekel, one-sixtieth of mina. (See 
 Weights and Measures.) 
 
 Shepherd. (See Herdsman.) 
 
 Slander against priestess or matron, 
 branding, 127. 
 
 of a wife, ordeal, 132. 
 
 of a suitor, fine for hearkening to 
 it, 161. 
 
 of judiciary or witness, lex tah, 3. 
 
 of title, capital offense, 11. 
 
 of title, liability tor passively trans- 
 mitted, 12. 
 
 seditious, 109. 
 
 Slave, status of. (See Maid Serv- 
 ant.) Can sell or contract for 
 master, by deed or bond, 6. 
 
 seduction from service, death for 
 seducer, 15. 
 
 fugitive slave harbored, death for 
 harborer, 16. 
 
 fugitive slave captured, reward for 
 return to owner, 17. 
 
 fugitive slave captured, refuses to 
 name owner, 18. 
 
 fugitive slave captured, retained by 
 captor, capital offense, 19. 
 
 fugitive slave re-escapes, captor's 
 purgation, 20. 
 
 may be assigned to creditor to work 
 off owner's debt, 118. 
 
136 
 
 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 creditor may sell, 118. 
 
 but may not maltreat, 116. 
 
 of king may be pardoned by him 
 
 for adultery, 129. 
 marries free wife, children free, 
 
 175. 
 can leave them no property; his 
 
 wife can, ITC. 
 eye or limb of slave valued at half 
 
 his price. 199. 
 strikes man's son, ear cut off, 205. 
 cure of slave paid for by master, 
 
 217, 223. 
 not to be branded without consent 
 
 of owner, 226, 227. 
 killed, to bo ropliicod (viowod iis 
 
 property, not as a human life), 
 
 •A31, 219. 
 gored by ox, owner of ox fined, 252. 
 native slave may not be sold to a 
 
 foreigner; if proven, slave is freed, 
 
 280. 
 foreign slave may be; if escaped 
 
 and bought by merchant, owner 
 
 can recover, 281. 
 if he dispute ownership, can be 
 ■ marked by loss of ear, 282. 
 
 Son (see Children), may sell or de- 
 posit for father, if documents are 
 given, 7. 
 
 may rjot be stolen, death penalty, 
 14. 
 
 may succeed captured father in 
 oflice at once, 28. 
 
 or after he be grown, if too young, 
 29. 
 
 may be pledged or bound to servo 
 on father's debt, 117. 
 
 but creditor must not maltreat, 
 116. 
 
 goes with concubine mother if she 
 be unjustly divorced, 137. 
 
 goes with father if mother be re- 
 claimed by first husband, 135. 
 
 may not aid father to accomplish a 
 union with a woman by fraud, 
 155, 156. 
 
 if incestuous with mother, burned, 
 157. 
 
 if incestuous with step-mother, dis- 
 inherited, 158. 
 
 inherits mother's dowry; father has 
 no right to it, 162, 173, 174. 
 
 may receive special gift from father, 
 165. 
 
 or from mother, 150. 
 
 may not be disinherited without 
 cause, 168. 
 
 or without legal process, 169. 
 
 nor be counted a slave if one parent 
 was free, 170, 171, 175, 176. 
 
 may not expel mother from house, 
 172. 
 
 nor retain her against her will, 
 172. 
 
 may inherit jjroporty of a free fa- 
 ther, though mother was a slave, 
 170. 
 
 but not unless father wills so, 171. 
 
 inherits mother's interest in joint 
 estate, though father was a slave, 
 176. 
 
 adopted, must respect mother's vow, 
 192, 193. 
 
 strikes father, maimed, 195. 
 
 Sorcery, grave crime : unproven 
 charge of, constitutes capital of- 
 fense, 1. 
 ordeal for one accused of sorcery, 2. 
 according to Lex talionis, sorcery 
 may have been punished by 
 drowning, 2. 
 
 Stay of case, for production of wit- 
 nesses, 13. 
 
 Stolon goods, receiving or purchas- 
 ing = theft, 10. 
 
 Stone, great = one-sixth silver mina. 
 (See Weights and Measures.) 
 
 Storage, warehousing. (See Deposits.) 
 corn in storage cannot be levied 
 
 upon without consent of owner, 
 
 113. 
 owner of storehouse responsilile for 
 
 loss, 120, 125. 
 fee for grain storage, one-sixtieth, 
 
 121. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 137 
 
 Strength: to ".strike the strength ' 
 of a man = to commit assault; 
 heavy fines, 202-205 (see Fines, 
 Assault). 
 
 Striking. (See Assault.) 
 
 Sub-letting, permitted, 47. 
 
 Subornation of perjury, i. 
 
 Sue, suit. (See Calling to Account.) 
 
 Summons, to appear before judge, 
 127. (See Calling to Account.) 
 
 Superiors, assaults on, 195, 202, 205 
 (see Assault). 
 
 Surgeon. (See Doctor.) 
 
 Sworn depositions, 9, 20, 23, 103, 106, 
 107, 120, 126, 206, 240, 249, 266, 
 281 (see Oath, Affidavits). 
 
 Tablet = deed, receipt, contract, 
 bond ; break tablet = annul con- 
 tract, 37. 
 wet tablet, to rewrite or alter, 48. 
 
 Tax-gatherer, royal tenures inalien- 
 able, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41. 
 
 Temple, .sacred residence of gods; 
 also perhaps local treasury or 
 courthouse, 32. 
 property protected ; theft = sacri- 
 lege, C>, 8. 
 
 Tenant. (See Cultivation Laws.) 
 
 Theft, first order: entering palace or 
 
 temple, 6. 
 stealing in o[)en from palace or 
 
 temple, 8. 
 second order: involving treason or 
 
 sacrilege, 6, 8, 33. 
 receiving or purchasing stolen 
 
 goods, 6, 8, 9. 
 selling stolen ' or found articles, 
 
 capital crime, 10. 
 theft of child, capital crime, 14. 
 detaining slave, capital crime, 19. 
 brigandage, capital crime, 22. 
 looting at fire, capital crime, 25. 
 appropriating state levies, 33. 
 illegal purchase, capital offense, 7. 
 
 robbing under-offlcer, capital of- 
 fense, 34. 
 
 bank or warehouse robbed, pro- 
 prietor liable, 125. 
 
 metayer renter steals from land- 
 lord, 253, 255. 
 
 theft of water-wheel, 259. 
 
 theft of shadtif or harrow, 260 
 
 theft from flock, by shepherd, 265 
 (see Restitution, Losses, Fraud). 
 
 Title, to property: by inheritance. 
 
 (See Inheritance.) 
 by three years' undisputed tenure, 
 
 30. 
 by purchase and deed. (See Bonds.) 
 by assignment, 39, 118. 
 by deed of gift, 150, 165, 178, 179, 
 
 183. 
 execution of contract, 60. 
 mortgage, if foreclosed, 49, 118. 
 
 Threatening witnesses, 3. 
 
 Threshing, treading by ox, ass, or 
 goat, 268, 269, 270. 
 
 Tongue cut out, of adopted son of 
 vowed woman, or palace official, 
 who repudiates adoptive parents, 
 192. 
 
 Treason, 109. 
 treasonable theft, 6, 8, 33. 
 
 Trespass, of shepherd on pasture. 57, 
 58. 
 
 Trustee, banker, warehouseman, may 
 not accept a deposit or i)ledgo 
 from slave or minor without bonds 
 or witnesses, 7. 
 
 may not collect a debt from a de- 
 posit without consent of owner, 
 112. 
 
 may exact damages tor false claim 
 of indebtedness (action akin to 
 worthless cheque fraud today), 
 114. 
 
 liable for damage or loss of goods 
 in his custody, 120, 125. 
 
 unless claimant produce no wit- 
 nesses or bonds to substantiate 
 claim, 122, 123. 
 
138 
 
 The Code of ^Jammueabi 
 
 deposit disputed ; payment forced, 
 124. 
 
 exacts amovint of claim from exag- 
 gerating claimant of loss, 126. 
 
 Veterinary surgeon : fee, one-sixth 
 shekel, 224. 
 liability, one-(iuarter price animal, 
 225. 
 
 Vexatious claim of loss, 11, 126. 
 
 Votary. (See Devotee.) 
 
 Wages. (See Hire.) 
 
 Warder of Palace, 192, 193. 
 
 Wards, children of remarried widow, 
 by first marriage, in charge of 
 mother and her second husband, 
 177. 
 their inheritance inalienable, 177. 
 bond for execution of guardianship, 
 177. 
 
 Warehousing (see Storage, Deposits), 
 120-26. 
 
 Waste land, reclaiming, 44, 63. 
 
 Wastefulness, charge against wife, 
 141, 143. 
 
 Weights and Measures. GAN = 1,800 
 SAR = 6.67 acres. 
 
 SAR = 60 G1N = 14.88 square 
 meters or 17.94 square yards. 
 
 GIN = 1 square cubit; 1 cubit= 498 
 millimeters or 19% inches. 
 
 KA = 1 liter, nearly (about 990 
 grams). 
 
 GUR - 300 KA, about 500 pounds 
 avoirdupois, of wheat, or 8}4 
 bushels dry measure. 
 
 a 60-GUR boat = one of 15 tons bur- 
 then. 
 
 1 KA of water weighs 1 heavy 
 mina — 990 grams. 
 
 1 mina — 60 shekels. 
 
 1 shekel = 360 §E, or grains of corn. 
 
 1 light mina = 495 grams, or one- 
 half a heavy mina, composed of 
 CO shekels, each shekel 180 SE. 
 
 for money or silver, a Babylonian 
 silver mina = 546 grams, or 60 
 shekels ; 1 shekel = 180 SE. 
 
 10 shekels = 1 tibnu, or abnu, 
 stone — 91 grams. 
 
 This silver mina is one-tenth 
 heavier than the ordinary light 
 mina, its sixth part is probably 
 the " great stone " of section lOg; 
 whose jjurport is to prevent 10 
 per cent, extortion. In scale of 
 wages (see Hire) 6 SE of silver 
 are worth 10 KA of grain. 
 
 Way, road, " way of king," 26, 32, 33 ; 
 errand of king, king's business. 
 
 Widow, 171-77. 
 
 may remain in husband's house, 171. 
 
 children may not expel without 
 just cause and legal procedure, 
 172. 
 
 she may remarry, 172. 
 
 but not without consent of judge, 
 if children are minors, 177. 
 
 she and new husband appointed 
 guardians, 177. 
 
 required to give bond, 177. 
 
 takes her dowry and marriage join- 
 ture, 171. 
 
 has but life interest, may not alien- 
 ate them from her children, 171. 
 
 if no marriage jointure, takes 
 dowry and a child's share of the 
 estate, for life, 172. 
 
 in case of remarriage, takes dowry, 
 resigns jointure, 172. 
 
 at death, dowry shared eciually by 
 earlier and later children, 173. 
 
 if no later children, dowry reverts 
 at death to children of first mar- 
 riage, 174. 
 
 if husband were a slave, she and 
 her children not enslaved in con- 
 sequence, 175. 
 
 her dowry and earnings not to be 
 taken by her husband's owner. 
 176. 
 
 Wife, betrothal gift, to be given by 
 husband, 159-61. 
 
Index of Subjects 
 
 139 
 
 lowest value, one mlna, 138, 139. 
 
 not legally married without bonds, 
 128. 
 
 guarded from slander : slander by 
 the public, 127. 
 
 guarded from slander : slander by 
 her husband, 142. 
 
 husband may not ill-treat, 142. 
 
 purgation by oath, if suspected 
 unfaithful, 131. 
 
 purgation by water ordeal, 132. 
 
 husband may assign his property 
 to her, 39. 
 
 except his official tenures, 38. 
 
 she may be bound three years to 
 work off his debt, 117. 
 
 unless she has stipulated other- 
 wise, 151. 
 
 if husband be captured in war, may 
 not remarry, 133. 
 
 unless without support, 134. 
 
 in such case, first husband, if he 
 escape, may reclaim her, 135. 
 
 but they cannot claim children by 
 her second husband, 135. 
 
 may remarry if deliberately de- 
 serted, 136. 
 
 husband then forfeits all claims, 
 130. 
 
 if captive husband were an official, 
 his son is her ward, 29. 
 
 till he be able to assume his father's 
 duties, 28. 
 
 but she may not assume them her- 
 self, 38. 
 
 divorced without cause, if concu- 
 bine, takes dowry, alimony, and 
 the children; a child's share of 
 estate, at division ; free to je- 
 marry, 137. 
 
 if not a mother, takes dowry, and 
 sum e<iual to her betrothal gift, 
 1.38. 
 
 if there were no betrothal gift, 
 takes one mina of silver and her 
 dowry, 139. 
 
 or one-third mina if her husband 
 were a freeman, 140. 
 
 may seek divorce, 141. 
 
 if at fault, divorced without com- 
 pensation, 141. 
 
 or reduced to servitude, 141. 
 
 denies conjugal rights, 142. 
 
 if husband be at fault, wife gains 
 her divorce, 142. 
 
 notoriously bad, drowned, 143. 
 
 if an adulteress, drowned, 129. 
 
 unless husband forgives, 129. 
 
 must be economical, and remain 
 at home, 141, 142. 
 
 if barren, may give maid to her 
 husband, 144. 
 
 he may not then take concubine, 
 144. 
 
 if she do not give maid, he may 
 take concubine, 145. 
 
 she has precedence of such concu- 
 bine or maid, 145. 
 
 may re-enslave maid, if she be ar- 
 rogant, 146. 
 
 or sell her, if childless, 147. 
 
 invalid wife maintained ; cannot be 
 divorced, 148. 
 
 but may leave, if she choose, with 
 dowry, 149. 
 
 husband may take a second wife, 
 148. 
 
 second wife allowed only it first 
 be invalid or divorced, 137-141, 
 148. 
 
 can leave any special gift deeded 
 her to any child she prefers, 
 150. 
 
 accessory to murder of husband, 
 impaled, 153. 
 
 Wine-seller, wineshop, 108-111. 
 
 corn accepted for drink, 108. 
 
 exorbitant price capital offense, 
 108. 
 
 allowing riotous gatherings a capi- 
 tal offense, 109. 
 
 brawlers to be brought before court, 
 109. 
 
 business disreputable for religious 
 classes : capital offense, 110. 
 
 wholesale price? 111. 
 
 Witchcraft. (See Sorcery.) 
 
140 
 
 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 Witnesses (in Babylonian simply 
 "elders"): 
 
 1. witnesses, jury, elders of com- 
 munity, assessors of judgment, 
 threats against them, or mnlicious 
 reflections or insinuations, sum- 
 marily punished, 3. 
 
 effort at bribery punished, i. 
 cases tried before, 106, 107. 
 
 2. persons able to identify property, 
 or corroborate assertion of pur- 
 chase or sale, or deposit, 9-13, 
 123, 124. 
 
 necessary to legal purchase, 7, 123. 
 
 or to identification, 11. 
 time granted to produce, 13. 
 3. witnesses to documents, to be 
 understood in case of all sorts of 
 bonds, contracts, receipts, deeds, 
 etc. 
 
 Working expenses, of holder of a 
 mortgage on a field, i9. 
 
 Wounds, in quarrel (see Assault): 
 severe wounds, healing by doc- 
 tor, 215-219. 
 wounds of cattle, treatment, 224, 
 225. 
 
PKOPER NAMES AND GLOSSARY 
 
LIST OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 A-A, Malkat(?), goddess, consort of Shamash of Sippar, 2, 28. 
 
 ADAB [UD.NUN.KI], city, 3, 67. 
 
 ADAD [ii"IM], storm god, 3, 57, 59, 13, 42, 14, 3, 43, 04. 
 
 AGANE, city, Sippar of Anunltu, 4, 51. 
 
 AKKAD, 5, 9, 40, 52. 
 
 ALEPPO [SA.KI.UNU.KI], city, Halvan, 3, 52. 
 
 ANU [AN.NIM], god, whose earliest seat of worship was 
 Urnk of Ishtar-Nanft, where Aiiu was represented 
 as the father of Ishtar, 2, 40, 44, 51. 
 
 ANUNITU [GIS.DAK], goddess, Ishtar- Anunltu, 3, 54, 4, 
 47, 48. 
 
 ANLINNAKI, spirits of the earth, but cf. Zimmern, KAT? 451, 
 sgg., and Hrozny, Mytlien von deni GoUe Ninrag, 
 84, sqq. The latter regards them as Cloud Gods, 
 personifying the Black Clouds as over against the 
 White Clouds = Igigi, 1, 2; A.NUN.NA, 44, 
 73. 
 
 ASHHUR [A.USAR.KI], city, Asshur. 4, 58. 
 
 BABILU [KA.DINGIR.RA.KI], city, Babylon, 1,10, 2, 0, 
 4, 43, 5, 5, 31, 79, 40, 63. 
 
 BARZIPA, city, Borsippa, seat of the worship of Nabfl, 3, 12. 
 
 I3EL [EN.LIL], god, whose chief seat of worship was Nippur, 
 1, 3, 40, 53, 40, 12, 04, 42, 53, 89, 95, 44, 80. 
 
 BELIT [NIN.LIL], goddess, consort of Bel, 42, 81. 
 
 DAG AN, god, Dagon, a Canaanitish representation of B6l, 4, 27. 
 
 DAM-GAL-NUN-NA, goddess, 4, 18. 
 
 DILBAT, city, seat of the worship of Niiiib and Ma-nia, 3, 20. 
 
 DtJR-ILU, city, 1, 59. 
 
 EA [EN.KI], god, whose chief seat of worship was Eridu, 1, 
 10, 4, 17, 40, 27, 42, 98. 
 
 E-ANNA, temple of Ishtar-Nana in Uruk, 2, 43. 
 
 E-APStr [E.ZU.AB], temple of Ea in Eridu, 2, 1. 
 
 143 
 
1-ii The Code of JIammurabi 
 
 E-BABBAR, temple of the Sun god in Sippar, 2, 30; temple of 
 
 the Sun god in Larsa, 2, 34, 44, 76. 
 E-GALMAg, temple of Isin, 2, 5-1. 
 E-GlSSlRGAL [E.NER.NU.GALJ, temple of the Moon 
 
 god in Ur, 2, 21. 
 E-KUR, temple of. Bel in Nippur, restored by ^ammurnbi, 1, 
 
 (52, 42, 84, 43, 84, 44, 54. 
 E-MAIJ, temple in Adab, 3, 09. 
 
 E-MISH-MISH, temple of Ishtar-Nanft in Nineveh, 4, 61. 
 ERIDU [NUN.KI], city, chief seat of the cult of Ea, 1, 64. 
 E-SAGILA, temple of Marduk in Babylon, 2, 12, 40, 67, 93, 
 
 41, 50, 51. 
 E-TE-ME-UR-SAG, temple in Kish, 2, 62. 
 E-UD-GAL-GAL, temple in Karkar, 3, 64. 
 E-UL-MASH, temple of Anunltu in Agade, 4, 49. 
 E-ZIDA, temple of Nabu in Borsippa, 3, 15. 
 E.L. "Temple of Fifty" in Lagash, 3, 46. 
 GIR-SU, city, 3, 42. 
 gAMMURABI, sixth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1, 
 
 28, 50, 40, 3, 9, 41, 20, 95. 
 ^ARSAG-KALAMA, temple of the twin city of Kish, 2, 67. 
 ILU, a god of high rank (vid. Anu), 1, 1, 45, 40, 64. 
 IGIGI, spirits of heaven; personification of the White Clouds 
 
 (Hrozny), 1, 14. 
 ISIN [(N)I.SI.IN.KI], city (probably the Bismlyeh of 
 
 today), 2, 51. 
 KARKAR [IM.KI], city, 3, 61. 
 KISH, city, 2, 59, 3, 32. 
 KtJTtJ [TIG. GAB. A. KI], city, Cutha (Tel Ibrahim of 
 
 today), chief seat of the cult of Nergal, 3, 3. 
 LARSA [UD(BABBAR).UNU.KI], city, a seat of the cult 
 
 of Shamash, 2, 33. 
 MALKA, city, 4, 12. 
 MA-MA, goddess, 3, 29. 
 MARDUK [AMAR.UD], god, Merodach, originally the local 
 
 god of Babylon, 1, 8, 2, 8, 5, 15, 31, 78, 93, 40, 
 
 14, 29, 90, 41, 26, 2S, 32, 42, 55; chief son of Ea, 
 
 1, 9-10. 
 
List of Pkoper Names 145 
 
 MASHKAN-SHABKI, city, 4, 3. 
 
 MERA, city, 4, 30. 
 
 NANA, Islitar of Uruk, daughter of Anu; her chief temple was 
 
 E-anna, 2, 47, Go, 4, 35, 63, 5, 13, 40, 24, 43, 92. 
 NERQAL [NER.URU.GAL], god, whose chief seat of 
 
 worship was Cutha, 44, 24. 
 NINAZU, goddess, 4, 37. 
 
 NIN-KARRAK, goddess, daughter of Anu, 44, 50. 
 NIN-TU, goddess of Kish, 3, 35, 44, 40. 
 NINUA, city, Nineveh, a seat of Ishtar worship, 4, 60. 
 NIPPUR [EN.LIL.KI], city, Nippur (Nuffar), chief seat of 
 
 the cult of Bel, 1, 59. 
 SHAMASH, SHAMSHU [UTU], Sun god, whose chief seats 
 
 of worship were Larsa and Sippar, 1, 40, 2, 23, 
 
 35, 5, 4, 40, 84, 4l', 97, 42, 14, 43, 14, 32. 
 HHIDLAM, temple of Nergal in Cutha, 3, 6, 4, 6. 
 SHIRPURLA, Lagash, city (Telloh of today), 3, 41. 
 SIN [EN.ZU], Moon god, whose chief seat of worship was 
 
 Ur, 2, 14, 43, 41. 
 SINMUBALIT, king of Babylon and father of BLammurabi, 
 
 4,70. 
 SIPPAR [UD.KIB.NUN.KI], (the Abu Habba of today), a 
 
 seat of the cult of Shamash, 2, 25. 
 SHUMER, 5, 8, 40, 50. 
 SUMULAILU, a king of Babylon, 4, 68. 
 TU-TU, god, a representation of Marduk, 3, 10. 
 TUTUL, city, 4, 31. 
 
 UD-KIB-NUN-NA, a river, Euphrates, 4, 26. 
 URASH ( ?) [■'" IB], god, a representation of Ninib, 3, 2'Z. 
 URU [§Eg.AB.KI], Ur (the el-Mugheir of today), chief 
 
 seat of the cult of Sin, 2, 17. 
 URUK [UNU.KI], city, Erech (the Warka of today), the 
 
 chief seat of the cult of Ishtar-Nanft, 2, 38. 
 ZAMAmI, goddess of Kish, 2, 57, 40, 23, 43, 81. 
 ZARPANITU, goddess, consort of Marduk, 41, 43, 56. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 A, prohibitive particle: 40, 92, 41, 72, 74, 43, 13, 22, 44, 4(i, 
 49; a-i, 44, 18. 
 
 U, and, or. 
 
 ABU, father: a-bu, 42, 46; a-bu-um, 27, 39, 44, 58, 80, 28, 
 22, 35, 43, .50, 62, 66, 30, 70, 31, 35, 43, 49, 60, 
 00, 70, 84, 32, 2, 10, 22, 87; a-bu-sa, 27, 3; 30, 
 63, 31, 11, 22; a-bi, 26, 43, 53, 33, 6; a-bi-im, 
 33, 2, 41,' 21; a-bi-su, 10, 39, 43, 26, 19, 25, 
 28, 28, 32, 48, 63, 73, 33, 12, 19, 30, 35; a-bi- 
 sa, 21, 58, 23, 22, 24, 4, 25, 6, 26, 13, 27, 23, 
 31, 29, 37, 76; a-bi-su-nu, 22, 55; a-ba, 26, 
 31, 27, 48, 63, 28, 6, 53, 09, 31, 52, 09, 87, 32, 
 13,20; a-ba-am, 33,14; a-ba-su, 32,44, 33,41. 
 
 ABU, cane, reeds: a-bi-im, 44, 32. 
 
 AIBU, enemy, foe: a-a-bi, 3, 47. 
 
 ABtTBU, hurricane: a-bu-bi-im, 43, 79. 
 
 IBBCT, accident: i-ib-bu-u-um, 20, 9. 
 
 EBfiBU, II, 1, to purify, to prove innocent, to vindicate: u-ub- 
 ba-am-ma, 38,79; mu-ub-bi-ib, 1,00. 
 II, 2, u-te-ib-bi-ba-as-su, 5, 48. 
 
 ABBCTTU, service, slavery: ab-bu-ti, 35, 38, 45; ab-bu-ut- 
 tam, 24, 06. 
 
 ABALU, I, 1, to bring: ub-lam, 23, 22, 25, 7, 26, 14, 28, 21; 
 ub-lu, 15, 29, 27, 16; lu-ub-lam, 7, 16; ub- 
 ba-lu, 28, 31. 
 I, 2, to govern: mut-tab-bi-lum, 4, 8. 
 Ill, 1, to bring, to take away, to transport: u-sa-bi- 
 il, 26,50; u-sa-bil, 26,62; u-sa-bi-lu, 26,36; 
 u-sa-bil-su, 18, 58; su-bu-lu, 18, 60, 61, 07; 
 su-bi-lam, 42, 75. 
 Ill, 2, to carry away: us-ta-bil, 15, 15, 30, 42. 
 
 ABLU, son: ab-lim, 23, 10, 31, 54. 
 
 147 
 
148 The Code of IJammurabi 
 
 ABLtJTU, sonship, heritage: ab-lu-tim, 28, 19, 23, 26, 3C5; 
 
 abluti-su, 32,89; abluti-sa, 31,70,88; ab- 
 
 lu-za, 31, 18. 
 ABULLU, gate, city gate [KA.GALJ : 8, 35, 15, 09. 
 ABNU, stone, weight [TAK] : 18, 18, 53. 
 UBANU, finger: u-ba-nu-um, 21, SO; u-ba-nam, 21, 28. 
 ABKALLU, wise one, leader [NUN.ME]: abkal, 42, 101. 
 ABARU, II, 1, to accuse: u-ub-bi-ir, 5, 27; u-ub-bi-ir-si, 
 
 21, 70; mu-ub-bi-ir-su, 5, 31, 44; mu-ub-bi- 
 
 ri-su, 5, 54. 
 II, 2, to file n claim for: u-te-ib-bi-ir, 21, 14. 
 IBRU, neighbor, friend, companion: i-bir-su, 26, 05, 70. 
 EBtRU, harvest: 13, 68, 14, 33, 15, 77, 18, 48, 37, 90. 
 ABURRU, security, safety: a-bu-ur-ri. 40, 30. 
 ABSENU, growth, plant, corn [AB.NAM] : 16, 37. 
 ABlTU, to flee: 
 
 IV, 1, in-na-bi-tu, 22,70; mu-na-ab-tim, 22, 70. 
 IV, 2, it-ta-bi-it, 22, 59. 
 AGtr, crown [MIRJ: 43, 45; a-gi-im, 3, 26. 
 EGtr, I, 1, to be careless, to neglect: i-gu, 20, 75, 38, 82; i-gi, 
 
 36, 32, 46; e-gu, 40, 15. 
 I, 2, i-te-gi, 17, 47. 
 AGGU, anger: ag-gi-im, 43, 100. 
 IGIGALLU, intelligent, broad of vision: igi-gal, 40, 20; 
 
 igigal-im, 3, 17. 
 AGARU, I, 1, to hire: i-gur, 10, 4, 36, 40, [03], 80, 37, 2, 7, 
 
 15, 23, 29, 37, 72, 38, 1, 6, 24, 91, 94, 97, 101, 39, 
 
 5, 9, 46, 49, 54; i-gu-ru, 37, 40; i-ig-ga-ar, 
 
 39, 22. 
 IV, 1, mu-na-ag-gi-ir-su, 10, 10. 
 AGRU, hireling, substitute, mercenary [KU.MAL]: "'"eiu 
 
 agru 10, 3, 11, 45, 39, 9. 
 IGRU, hire: ig-ri-im, 11, 55, 36, 30, 37, 89. 
 UGARU, field, meadow [A.KAR]: ugaru, 15, 15, 66, 38, 11; 
 
 ugar6 [A.KAR.MEg], 15, 27. 
 IGARU, wall [fi.LIBIT]: 35, 97, 36, 2. 
 EGIRRt), dreams, plans: i-gi-ir-ri-e, 41, 52; i-gi-ir-ri-ia, 
 
 42, 80 
 
Glossary 149 
 
 ADI, to, up to: 16, 64, 24, 81, 28, 33, 31, 13, 50, 39, 11, 16, 
 
 44, 66. 
 ADU, up to: a-du, 6, 21, 63, 66, 8, 12, 17, 66, 18, 12, 71, 
 
 38, 71. 
 ADU, to identify, to recognize: 
 
 II, 1, u-wi-id-di, 33, 13. 
 
 II, 2, u-te-id-di, 39, 82. 
 
 IDO, I, 1, to know, to identify: i-du-u, 3, 57, 21, 57, 34, 10, 
 35, 52. 
 
 III, 1, to make known: u-se-di-sum, 37) 56. 
 EDLLITU, manliood, vigor: ed-lu-ti-su, 44, 68. 
 ADANNU, appointed time, postponement: a-da-nam, 8,16. 
 ADAKU, I, 1, to fear: i-dur, 42, 26. 
 
 EDfiSU, II, 1, to renew: mu-ud-di-is, 2, 34. 
 
 EZfiBU, I, 1, to leave, to forsake: i-zi-ib, 16, 30; i-si-ib-sa, 
 
 23, 45, 53; i-zi-ib-si-im, 25, 16; i-iz-zi-ib, 
 
 23, 17, 29, 35; i-iz-zi-ib-si, 23, 24, 47, 24, 78; 
 
 e-§i-bi-im, 22, 77. 
 
 Ill, 1, to deliver: u-se-zi-ib, 6, 11; u-se-iz-zi-bu- 
 
 su-nu-ti, 30, 46. 
 Ill, 2, us-te-zi-ib, 25, 34. 
 
 UZUBBQ, divorce, divorce money, alimony: u-zu-ub-bi-im, 
 23, 28; u-zu-ub-bi-sa, 23, 49. 
 
 EZZU, Pem. ezzitu, furious, raging; ez-zi-tim, 44, 32. 
 
 EZZlS, furiously: ez-zi-is, 43, 77. 
 
 UZZATU, fury: uz-za-ti-sa, 43, 101. 
 
 UZUZZU, to oversee: u-zu-uz-zi-im, 37, 71. 
 
 UZNU, ear: uz-nam, 43, 2; u-zu-uii-su, 34, 2, 39, 102. 
 
 AlJtJ, different, another: a-bu-u-um, 12, 40. 
 
 AUU, side: a-fai, 40, 16; a-afa-su, 13, 22, 15, 10, 34. 
 
 AJJU, brother: a-bi-im, 25, 24; a-bi-su-nu, 27, 64; ah- 
 bu, 27, 42, 61; ab-bu-sa, 30, 80, 88, 31, 41, 
 32, 25; ab-bi-sa, 31, 19, 59, 75, 89, 40, 54. 
 
 AUAZU, I, 1, to take, to seize: i-bu-uz, 21, 37, 24, 14, 29, 44, 
 67, 26, 80, 27, 9, 53, 57, 76, 29, 61, 72; ib-zu, 
 27, 67; i-bu-zu-si, 29, 73; a-ha-az, 26, 42; 
 ta-ab-ba-fiz, 26, 69; ta-ab-ha-za-an-ni, 23, 
 61; i-ib-ba-az, 23, 55, 24, 27, 37,74, 26,77; 
 
150 The Code of JJammukabi 
 
 i-ih-ba-zu, 25, 37; i-ilj-ba-az-zi, 23, 13,26, 
 
 17, 29, 40; a-ba-zi-im, 24, 21, 32, 71. 
 I, 2, i-ta-ba-az, 27, 83. 
 Ill, 1, u-sa-ab-ba-zu-su, 27, 73; su-bvi-zi-im, 
 
 5, 18. 
 111,2, us-ta-bi-iz, 42, 38; us-ta-bi-zu, 32,58,01. 
 AKALU, I, 1, to eat: i-kal, 31, 13; i-ik-ka-al, 29, 1, 31, 
 
 57, 73; a-ka-li-im, 22, 30, 40; a-ka-lim, 22, 
 
 10. 
 Ill, 1, to cause to eat, to pasture: u-sa-ki-lu, 15, 
 
 59, 75; su-ku-lim, 15, 48. 
 Ill, 2, us-ta-ki-il, 15, 53, 74. 
 fiKALLU, palace [fi.GAL]: 6, 33, 62, 8, 31, 32, 40, 62, 11, 
 
 34, 18, 32, 29, 57, 69, 77, 84, 32, 51. 
 EKIMMU, spirit [GEKIM] : ekimm6 [GEKIM.QEKIMj-su, 
 
 43, 39. 
 EKLITU, darkness: ek-li-it, 42, 68. 
 ALU, city [ER]: 2, 55, 3, 16, 70, 4, 23, 9, 37, 47, 25, 71, 40, 
 
 64"; a-li-ia, 40, 47; ali-su, 10, 25, 11, 19, 28, 
 
 31, 22, 49, 58, 68, 42, 73, 43, 76. 
 UL, negative, not: u-ul, 6, 27, 30. 
 ILU, god, temple: 1, 1, 45, 4, 66, 6, 32, 11, 28, 31, 31, 63, 
 
 38, 77, 78, 40, 40, 64, 42, 45, 43, 42, 44, 70; 
 
 i-lu, 3, 16; i-lum, 37, 38; i-lim, 6, 61, 7, 36, 
 
 9, 11, 35, 17, 29, 61, 18, 7, 20, 17, 21, 18, 74, 
 
 36, 74, 37, 41, 39, 90; NI.NI, 1, 31, 42, 25, 46, 
 
 101, 43, 44, 44, 25; ilftni, 41, 49. 
 ELO, I, 2, to go up, to forfeit: i-te-li-a-nim, 15, 67; i-te- 
 
 el-li, 12, 4, 18, 19, 16. 53, 30, 58. 
 
 II, 1, to raise on high: u-ul-lu-u, 40, 66; mu-ul-li, 
 
 2,42. 
 
 III, 2, to refloat: us-te-li-a-as-si, 36, 59. 
 
 ELU, upon, to: e-li, 4, 47, 5, 35, 18, 76, 19, 18, 27, 21, 26, 
 43, 76; e-li-su, 5, 28, 37, 50, 13, 3, 25, 39, 33, 
 77, 39, 61, 43, 90; e-li-sa, 21, 81, 25, 48, 30, 
 71, 31, 5, 30, 39, 95; e-li-su-nu, 25, 56. 
 
 ELINUMMA, above, in addition: e-li-nu-um-ma, 15, 60, 
 27, 47. 
 
Glossary 151 
 
 ELlS, above: e-li-is, 40, 30, 41, 29, 43, 34. 
 
 ELITU, in addition to: e-li-a-at, 27, 68. 
 
 ALADU, 1, 1, to bear, to beget: u-li-id, 24, 61; u-li-zum, 26, 
 81, 27, 77, 28, 40, 42; ul-du, 24, 52; ul-du- 
 sum, 19, 77, 22, 75, 23, 16, 28, 46, 64; wa-al- 
 da-at, 26, 28; wa-li-di-im, 41, 22. 
 I, 2, it-ta-la-ad, 22, 46, 24, 47, 27, 84, 29, 45, 
 53, 68. 
 
 ALDCr(?) seed-grain (?): al-da-a-am, 37,73,83. 
 
 ALAKU, I, 1, to go, to conduct: il-li-ik, 10, 2; li-il-li-ik, 
 41,8; il-li-ku, 9,50,17,8,19; il-la-ak, 31, 
 92; i-il-la-ak, 5, 40, 10, 29, 40, 11, 4, 12, 12, 
 48; i-la-ka, 42, 100; i-il-la-ku, 22, 56; a-la- 
 ak-su, 9, 09; a-la-ki-su, 17, 25, 37, 45; a-la- 
 kam, 10, 30, 44; a-li-ku, 43, 85. 
 I, 2, it-ta-la-ak, 8, 6, 10, 23, 64, 27, 1, 13, 80, 29, 
 87, 32, 91, 33, 20; it-ta-al-la-ak, 24, 5, 25, 9, 
 32, 86; it-ta-al-kam-ma, 39, 79; it-ta-al-ku, 
 
 11, 3, 27, 41, 60, 87, 28, 52, 68, 30, 78, 31, 37, 
 51, 68, 86, 32, 12, 24. 
 
 ILKU, business: il-kum, 12,40; i-li-ik, 10,39,43,12,45; 
 i-li-ik-su, 10, 22, 28, 63, 11, 2, 11; il-ki-su^ 
 
 12, 25; il-ki-im, 10, 54; il-kam, 10, 35, 31, 
 91. 
 
 ELLU, bright, clean, splendid, illustrious: el-lum, 3, 55; el- 
 
 lu-tim, 3, 34, 4, 22, 36. 
 ALPU, ox [GUD]: 6, 45, 58, 33, 80, 35, 18, 20, 24, 29, 34, 
 
 36, 82, 37, 2, 7, 11 "^ 12, 15, 19 "^ 20, 23, 20, 
 29, 37, 40, 44, 52, 60, 38, 29, 37, 40 b", 90; alpi- 
 su, 37, 59; alp6 [LID.GUD.ZUN], 11, 66, 
 
 37, 75, 84, 88, 99, 38, 22, 45, 52, 62, 72, 86, 100. 
 ELIPPU, boat ['5"Mi]: 6, 59, 36, 5, 11, 16, 20, 24, 25, 33, 
 
 35, 36, 39, 47, 51, 57, 67, 69, 72, 77, 39, 54; 
 
 elippi-su, 36, 28, 72, 79. 
 ILTU, debt: e-bi-il-tum, 19,55,75; e-bi-il-ti-su, 12,37; 
 
 i-il-ti-su, 12, 29. 
 EMU, father-in-law, relative: e-mu-su, 26, 67, 27, 17, 24; 
 
 e-mi-im, 26, 48; e-mi-su, 26, 34, 40, 61, 27, 16. 
 
152 The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 EMA, as, cf. eli: e-ma, 30, 71, 31, 30, 39, 95. 
 
 tJMU, day: 39, 1, 6, 13, 18, 43, 47, 51, 55; UD-mi, 41, 60, 
 
 42,65,43,52; UD-um, 43,1; UD-mi-su, 2, 
 
 10, 17, 4; UD-ma-am, 43, 88. 
 tiMlgAM, daily: UD-mi-sa-am, 41, 53. 
 EMSDU, I, 1: ariiam i-im-mi-du, to be in the wrong, to 
 
 have blame, 29, 23. 
 II, 1, to lay upon, to place upon: li-.mu-zu, 43, 51. 
 IV, 1, to stand together, to be united, to join hands: 
 
 in-ne-im-du, 29, 80, 30, 1, 13. 
 EM£KU, III, 2, to be suppliant, to make supplication to: mu- 
 
 ns-te-mi-kum, 2, 19, 4, 65. 
 EMKU, wise: im-kum, 4, 7. 
 EMtTKU, strength, power, might, value: e-mu-uk, 30, 82, 89, 
 
 32, 26. 
 IM-KI-IM (?), 41, 105. 
 AWILUM, man, person: a-wi-lum, 5, 26, etc.; a-wi-lim, 5, 
 
 35, etc.; a-wi-lam, 5, 26, etc. 
 AWlLTU, woman: a-wi-il-tam, 18,43. 
 AWILtJTU, man, mankind: a-wi-lu-tum, 42, 43; a-wi-lu- 
 
 tim, 44, 48. 
 AMMU, people, race: am -mi, 4, 54. 
 
 UMMU, mother: 42, 82, 44, 43; um-mu-um, 25, 19; urn- 
 mi, 33, 7; um-mi-im, 33, 4; um-mi-su, 10, 
 
 47, 26, 20, 33, 31, 36; um-ma-am, 33, 16; 
 
 um-ma-su, 10, 49, 32, 45; um-ma-tim, 28, 1; 
 
 um-ma-ti-su-nu, 28, 4. 
 UMMANU, army, troops, warriors: um-ma-ni-su, 43, 24; 
 
 um-ma-an-su, 44, 81; um-ma-na-ti-su, 44, 
 
 14. 
 UMMANU, artisan [UM.ME.A] : 32, 54, 39, 21. 
 IMNU, right: im-ni-ia, 43, 85. 
 AMARU, I, 1, to see, to consider, to examine, to meet with: 
 
 li-mu-ur, 41, 17; i-im-nia-ru, 7, 29. 
 I, 2, i-ta-mar, 17, 10, 21. 
 IMfiRU, ass [IMfiR] : 6, 40, 58, 35, 19, 20, 24, 29, 34, 37, 2, 
 
 38, 93. 
 IMMERU, sheep [LU]: 6, 45, 58, 38, 29, 37, 41 »>". 
 
Glossary . 153 
 
 AMATU, word, command, thing: a-wa-tum, 43, 31; a-wa-at, 
 5, G2, 40, 89, 41, 25; a-wa-zu, 42, 90; a-wa-ti- 
 ia,40,74:,41,12,42, 3,7, 19, 29; a-wa-tam, 41, 
 4, 15; a-wa-a-at, 41, 64; a-wa-tu-u-a, 40, 81, 
 
 41, 99; a-wa-a-tim, 41, 78; a-wa-a-ti-su-nu, 
 7,28. 
 
 AMTU, femalo slave, maid-servatit [AMAT] : 6, 44, 8, 32, 34, 
 38, 50, 19, 68, 20, 2, 23, 57, 24, 16, 45, 49, 28, 
 45, 55, 64, 70, 74, 77, 34, 45, 51, 39, 59, 68, 75, 
 
 80, 83, 93; ama-zu, 19, 77, 20, 3, 28, 40, 39, 
 
 81, 90; amati, 24, 58. 
 ANA, to, for, against: a-na, 5, 39, 59. 
 INA, in, by, among, with: i-na, 5, 58. 
 
 IN, in, among: 1, 14, 18, 4, 13, 16, 39, 44, 35. 
 
 ENU, I, 1, to change, to alter, to cancel: in-ni, 15, 6; e-ne- 
 
 im, 6, 11). 
 I, 2, i-te-ni, 6, 13. 
 INU, eye: i-nim, 42, 70; i-in, 33, 46, 54, 60, 34, 63, 81; 
 
 i-iu-su, 9, 59, 27, 35, 33, 21, 48, 34, 92; Ini- 
 
 su, 37, 24. 
 INU, time: (n)i-nu, 1,1; i-nu-ma, 5,14,27,42,61,29,73, 
 
 30, 31, 32, 42, 39, 77. 
 ANAKU, personal pronoun, I: a-na-ku, 1, 53, 5, 13, 40, 10, 
 
 42, 80, 41, 98. 
 
 INtlMlSU, at that time: i-nu-mi-su, 1, 27, 5, 25. 
 
 UN0TU, household goods: u-nu-ut, 30, 54; u-ni-a-tim, 
 
 30, 50. 
 AN + DUKARU, freedom: an + du-ra-ar, 28, 73; an + du- 
 
 ra-ar-su-nu, 19, 66, 39, 86. 
 ENfiKU, III, 1, to nurse: mu-se-ui-ik-tum, 33, 29; mu-se- 
 
 ni-ik-tim, 33, 24, 27. 
 ENlllSU, II, 2, to weaken, to overwork: u-te-en-ni-is, 37, 85. 
 ENSU, weak: en-sa-am, 1, 38, 40, 59. 
 ASO, physician, doctor [A.ZU]: 34, 13, 55, 71, 74, 84, 95, 35, 
 
 7, 15, 18, 26; a-su, 44, 59. 
 USC, help, assistance, support: u-si-im, 5, 17; u-sa-am, 40, 
 
 6; u-si-am, 40, 21. 
 ASAKKU, disease: 44, 56. 
 
154. The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 ASAPU, I, 1, to gather, to harvest: e-si-ip, 14, 27. 
 
 APU, III, 1, to shine, to make to shine, to make glorious, to 
 
 prevail: u-su-bi-u, 4, 02; su-pa-a-at, 43, 4-1; 
 
 su-be-i-im, 1, 34; mn-se-bi, 4, 53; mn-se- 
 
 ib-bi, 4, 5'.). 
 Ill, 2, li-is-te-bi, 40, 88. 
 IPTERU, ransom: ip-te-ri-su, 11,37. 
 APALU, I, 1, to give back, to pay, to repay: i-ip-pa-al, 17, 7, 
 
 34, 13, 39, 71; i-ip-pa-lu, 25, 60; a-pa-lam, 
 
 37, 98. 
 II, 1, to transfer: u-up-pa-al, 31, 17. 
 APASU, II, 1, to interfere: u-up-pa-as, 13, 05. 
 EPESU, I, 1, to do, to make, to operate: i-pu-us, 32, 80, 34, 
 
 58, 77, 87, 35, 22, 31, 58, 60, 94; i-pu-su, 24, 
 
 79, 29, 81, 35, 09, 87; i-ib-bi-es, 16, 40, 50, 35, 
 
 92; i-ib-bi-su, 19, 04; e-bi-si-im, 13, 1. 
 EPISTU, deed: ip-se-tu-u-a, 41, 100; ip-se-tu-su, 4, 40. 
 IPSfiTU, improvement, furnished with, to be planted with: ip- 
 
 se-tim, 14, 21, 15, 41. 
 APSITU(?), agreement: ap-si-te-im, 13,50. 
 ASU, I, 1, to go out, to go forth, to escape, to utter, to bear: 
 
 u-zi-a-am, 5, 59, 6, 2; uz-zi, 29, 26; wa-zi, 
 
 23,70; wa-zi-a-at,24,7; [wa-az-za]-at, 22, 13; 
 
 wa-si-im, 23, 30, 29, 28; wa-si-e-im-ma, 1, 41. 
 Ill, 1, u-se-si, 12, 65, 13, 21; u-se-iz-zu-u-su, 25, 
 
 71; u-se-zi-si-na-si-im, 40,21; li-sa-si-a-as- 
 
 sum-ma, 44, 05; su-sa-a, 42, 1; su-zi-im, 
 
 29, 17; mu-se-zi, 5, 0. 
 Ill, 2, us-te-zi, 8, 35; us-te-zi-a-am, 8, 40. 
 IISU, tree: i-sa-am, 16, 7. 
 ISU, small: i-zu-tim, 42, 05. 
 ESfiDU, I, 1, to harvest: i-is-si-id, 15, 55. 
 ESllRU, to decorate: mu-si-ir, 2, 29. 
 USURTU, relief, statue: u-zu-ra-ti-ia, 41, 73, 42, 9, 31; 
 
 u-zu-ra-tu-u-a, 40, 91. 
 USURTU, confines: u-zu-ra-tim, 3, 31. 
 EKLU, field [A.gA 1 : 10, 37, 47, 12, 11, 19, 24, 31, 45, 50, 04, 
 
 00, 07, 13, 4, 9, 11, 15, 18, 23, 20, 30, 41, 51, 52, 
 
Glossary 155 
 
 55, 63, 64, 14, 8, 21, 24, 30, 34, 35, 45, 47, 50, 52, 
 
 15, 2, 35, 41, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 63, 72, 73, 75, 
 
 16, 2, 11, 28, 34, 38, 42, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 22, 
 84, 25, 12, 27, 36, 30, 79, 31, 3, 9, 32, 92, 37, 76, 
 92, 99; eklu-um, 12, 5; ekli-su, 10, 19, 26, 53, 
 59, 66, 11, 9, 35, 12, 41, 58, 13, 36, 39, 47, 67, 
 14, 2, 15, 54, 37, 70; ekla-am, 13, 0. 
 
 ARU, II, 1, to carry, to rule: li-ri, 42, 17; li-ru-su, 44, 23. 
 
 ARBA'U, four: ar-ba-im, 5, 12; ir-bi-tim, 2, 4. 
 
 ERfiBU, I, 1, to enter: i-ru-ub, 29, 79; i-ru-bu, 25, 55, 29, 
 
 42; i-ir-ru-ub, 22, 17, 34, 30, 30; i-ir-ru-bu, 
 
 25,46,30,33; e-ri-bi-im, 30, 26; e-ri-bu-ut, 
 
 41, 49. 
 I, 2, i-te-ru-ub, 18, 42, 22, 22, 45, 63. 
 ,111, 1, to cause to enter, to bring in: u-ie-ir-ri-ib- 
 
 si, 24, 39. 
 AVARDU, male slave, servant [WARAD] : 6, 44, 49, 8, 31, 33, 
 
 38, 50, 57, 59, 68, 72, 9, 5, 10, 19, 48, 68, 29, 57, 
 58, 64, 69, 70, 77, 78, 84, 85, 30, 5, 17, 33, 60, 
 62, 92, 34, 70, 71, 85, 88 bis, 35, 13, 14, 37, 39, 
 46, 77, 79 •'•% 37, 66, 39, 59, 68, 75, 80, 83, 93, 
 97; wara-zu, 21, 53, 39, 81, 96, 100. 
 
 WARDOTU, slavery, bondage: wa-ar-du-tim, 28, 78, 29, 67. 
 AR5U, month [ITU]: 8, 17, 19; Plural, 43, 52; arbi-im, 
 
 39, 11, 15; arbi-su, 39,60. 
 URUU, path, way: u-ru-ub-su, 43, 23. 
 ARgiS, quickly, speedily: ar-bi-is, 43, 32, 44, 90. 
 ARlKU, II, 1, to prolong: li-ir-ri-ik, 42, 15. 
 
 Ill, 1, mu-sa-ri-ku, 42, 103. 
 WARKU, after, behind, later: wa-ar-ki, 22, 54, 25, 17, 26, 
 19, 41, 59; wa-ar-ki-im, 29, 44, 52, 30, 42; 
 wa-ar-ki-su, 10, 18, 58, 22, 60; wa-ar-ki-sa, 
 27, 81; wa-ar-ka, 8, 72, 13, 41, 22, 47, 26, 25, 
 27, 39, 58, 28, 50, 66, 29, 46, 30, 76, 31, 35, 49, 
 66, 84, 32, 10, 22, 81; wa-ar-ka-zu, 8, 64, 28, 
 16; wa-ar-ka-za, 23, 63, 25, 20, 29, 4, 20, 30, 
 70, 31, 29, 38, 58, 74, 94; wa-ar-ku-tum, later, 
 29, 49. 
 
156 The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 WAEKANU, afterwards: wa-ar-ka-nu-um, 6, 12, 24, 48, 
 
 25, 76, 27, 85, 29, 83. 
 ARNU, sentence, penalty, crime: a-ra-an, 6, 3, 8, 23; ar- 
 
 nam, 22, 36, 24, 1, 28, 18, 25, 32, 29, 22, 
 
 43, 47. 
 IRNITTU, victory: ir-ni-ti, 41, 28; ir-iii-ti-ia, 44, 28. 
 IRSITU, earth, land, province [KI]: 40, 86; ir-si-tim, 1, 5, 
 
 23, 40, 69, 43, 16, 38, 66, 44, 72; ir-si-ti-su, 
 
 43,10; ir-si-ti-su-nu, 9, 39; ir-si-tam, 44, 11. 
 WARKU, green: wa-ar-ki-im, 2, 27. 
 ARARU, I, 1, to curse: li-ru-ur, 42, 52, 43, 103; li-ru- 
 
 ur-su, 44, 89; li-ru-ru, 44, 83. 
 IRRITU, curse: ir-ri-it, 42,25; ir-ri-tim, 42, 36, 44. Si, 
 
 ir-ri-ti-ia, 42, 23; ir-ri-tam, 44, 82. 
 URgU, bandit(?), forest(?): ur-si-im, 4,10. 
 ERISTU, wise: e-ri-is-tum, 3, 28. 
 ERfiSU, I, 1, to plant, to cultivate: e-ri-is, 13, 6, 14, 24; 
 
 i-ir-ri-is, 10,67; ir-ri-su, 13,66; e-ri-ii-im, 
 
 14, 42, 37, 76; e-ri-sa-am, 13, 63. 
 IT, 1, mu-ri-is, 3, 11. 
 IV, 1, i-ni-ri-is, 13, 67. 
 IRSU, planted with: ir-sa-am, 14,45,48. 
 IRRlSU, farmer, tenant: ir-ri-sum, 13, 54, 58, 14,29, 15, 1; 
 
 ir-ri-si-im, 13, 37, 46, 31, 4; iv-ri-za, 31, 7. 
 IRRISOTU, cultivation: ir-ri-su-tim, 12,64. 
 ISO, to have, to be: i-su, 6, 68, 14, 58, 19, 1, 20, 29, 37,20, 
 
 52, 22, 36, 23, 68, 24, 1, 30, 11, 37, 51, 41, 76; 
 
 i-sa, 40, 83; i-sa-a, 41, 102. 
 ESC, I, 1, to confuse, to cause to err: li-si, 43, 23. 
 ISITU, confusion, revolt: i-si-tam, 44, 5. 
 ASABU, I, 1, to dwell, remain: ul-sa-ab, 6, 30, 23, 59, 28, 
 
 81; us-sa-am-ma, 24, 80; wa-si-ib, 18, 52; 
 
 wa-as-ba-at, 18, 38, 21, 59, 23, 35, 25, 28; 
 
 wa-sa-ba-am, 25, 3. 
 ISDU, foundation: isid, 2, 25, 43, 24, 29; isdi-su, 40, 69; 
 
 is-da-sa, 1, 24. 
 WASTU, steep, difficult: wa-as-tu-tim, 40,19. 
 USUMGALLU, monarch [GAL.BUR] : 2, 55. 
 
Glossary 157 
 
 ISKU, property: is-ki-si-in, 4, 41. 
 
 WASRU, pious, meek: wa-as-ru-um, 2, 18. 
 
 ASRU, place, where: a-sar, 17, 8, 19, 18, 61, 20, 48, 69, 29, 
 
 42, 42, 87, 43, 86, 44, 2; as-ri, 40, 17; as-ri- 
 su, 1, 65. 
 
 ASERU, benefactor: a-le-ru, 3, 68. 
 
 ASARU, I, 1, to be righteous: i-la-ra-at, 40, 45. 
 
 Ill, 1, to rule with right: mu-su-se-ir, 4, 54. 
 Ill, 2, us-te-si-ir, 41, 38, li-is-te-si-ir, 41, 87; 
 su-te-su-ur, 5, 16; su-te-su-ri-im, 40, 62, 
 73; su-te-su-ra-am, 41, 77; mu-us-te-se-ir, 
 
 43, 17. 
 
 ASARIDU, first in rank: a-sa-ri-id, 4, 23. 
 ASSUM, for the sake of, because: as-sum, 13,58,18,9,21,97, 
 22, 68, 24, 52, 25, 29, 62, 29, 17, 33, 35, 35, 87, 
 
 42, 36. 
 
 USSUSU, neglect: us-su-si-im, 19, 41. 
 
 ASSATU, wife, woman: 22, 75, 24, 14, 15, 29, 41, 44, 31, 45, 
 78, 93; as-sa-at, 21, 27, 41, 42, 55, 68, 77, 22, 
 70, 23, 33, 25, 61; ai-ia-zu, 21, 51, 22, 12, 32, 
 
 43, 61, 66, 24, 75, 25, 42, 26, 75; aisa-zu, 19, 
 57; as-sa-tim, 21, 50, 26, 68, 27, 53; as-sa- 
 ti-su, 12, 26, 34, 25, 11; as-sa-tam, 21, 36, 
 24, 66, 26, 79, 27, 8, 56, 66, 72, 75. 
 
 ESTEN, one: is-te-en, 23, 10, 29, 14, 31, 54; is-ti-is-su, 
 
 28, 30. 
 ISTATU, first: is-ti-a-at, 11, 6, 16, 56, 19, 23. 
 ISATU, fire: i-sa-tum, 9, 52; i-sa-tim, 9, 64, 44, 31. 
 ISTU, conjunction, after, from the time that ; il-tu, 15,65,23, 
 
 4, 22, 25, 6, 52, 26, 12, 29, 80, 30, 1, 13, 39, 10, 15. 
 preposition, from: is-tu, 23, 22, 25, 6. 
 lATI, personal pronoun, me: ia-ti, 1, 31, 42, 12. 
 ITO, side: i-te-lu, 13, 3, 8, 15, 35, 37, 41, 16, 43, 76. 
 ATTA, personal pronoun, thou: at-ta, 33, 6, 39, 98; at-ti, 
 
 33,7. 
 ITTI, with: i't-ti, 6, 28, 14, 19, 39, 63, 15, 49, 17, 56, 20, 
 
 74, 21, 6, 43, 71, 83, 24, 41, 50, 58, 28, 48, 71, 31, 
 
 89, 32, 70, 43, 60. 
 
158 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 ITULU, lying: i-tu-lim, 21, 45; u-tu-lim, 25, 72, 22, 2. 
 
 ETELLU, lord: e-te-il, 3, 70. 
 
 UTLU, bosom, side: ut-li-ia, 40, 49. 
 
 ATAPPU, ditch, cnnal: a-tap-pa-su, 15, 32. 
 
 ETfiKU, III, 1, to transfer: u-le-ti-ik, 19, 71. 
 
 ATARU, III, 1, to make great, to extend: u-sa-te-ru-su, 1, 
 
 19; mu-sa-te-ir, 3, 2. 
 BA'IRU, constable [SU.IJA]: 9, 67, 10, 8, 14, 31, 52, 11, 14, 
 
 12, 0, 12, 22, 51, 56. 
 BABU, gate, door: babi-su, 35, 50. 
 BABALU, I, 1, to bring, to carry (cf. Ungnad, ZA., XVII, 4): 
 
 ba-bil, 2, 20. 
 IV, I, ib-ba-ab-ln-sum, 26, 45, 57, 72. 
 BIBLU, something brought, a present: bi-ib-lam, 26, 35, 49, 
 
 62. 
 BIBBULU. produce: bi-ib-bu-lum, 13, 43, 14, 5. 
 BABTU, loss, defects: ba-ab-ti-su, 21, 23; ba-ab-ti-sa, 23, 
 
 64; ba-ab-ta-su, 21, 13, 17, 37, 55. 
 BtrBtFTU, hunger: bu-bu-tam, 43, 74. 
 BllLU, III, 1, to overrule: us-te-pi-el, 42, 8, 30. 
 BfiLU, lord, master, owner: bfilum, 42, 41; be-lum, 2, 37, 3, 
 
 24, 41, 21, 42, 53, 43, 19; be-el, 1, 4, 7, 13, 24, 
 40, 54, 59, 62, 8, 47,- 57, 9, 10, 58, 61, 13, 4, 9, 
 15, 30, 55, 64, 14, 11, 35, 52, 15, 49, 51, 54, 57, 
 63, 16, 2, 5, 19, 23, 42, 47, 51, 67, 18, 64, 73, 19, 
 2, 7, 43, 20, 2, 10, 17, 19, 22, 75 ^^ 21, 1, 3, 50, 
 
 25, 29, 41, 50, 26, 68, 29, 64, 30, 5, 17, 34, 71, 
 35, 6, 14, 24, 34, 37, 71, 73, 77, 80, 36, 25, 36, 
 72, 37, 12, 20, 26, 38, 14, 81, 39, 80, 93, 43, 41, 
 64; be-el-su, 8, 60, 39, 102; be-li, 39, 98; be- 
 li-ia, 40, 90, 41, 42, 55; be-li-su, 2, 9, 8, 54, 
 66, 12, 20, 30, 59, 36, 90, 37, 5, 39, 97, 41, 26, 
 33; be-li-su-nu, 38, 74, 88; be-li-[su-nu], 38, 
 42. 
 
 BfiLtJTU, rule, government: ''"belu-ut, 1, 8. 
 
 BELTU, mistress, lady : 42,85,44,41; be-li-it, 43, 92; be- 
 
 el-ti-ia, 41, 44, 57; be-el-ti-sa, 24, 50; be-li- 
 
 za, 24, 53, 62. 
 
Glossary 159 
 
 BALO, I, 1, to destroy: i-bi-el-lu-u, 44, 67. 
 
 II, 1, to extinguish, to make an end of: u-bi-el-li, 40, 
 
 32; bu-ul-li-im, 9, 55. 
 BALATU, I, 1, to live: ba-al-ta-at, 24, 81, 29, 1, 31, 13, 50, 
 
 72; 
 II, 1, to save the life of: u-ba-la-at, 21, 51, 53; 
 
 mu-bal-li-it, 2, 37. 
 II, 2, ub-ta-al-li-it, 34, 59, 04, 35, 5, 23. 
 BALATU, life: ba-la-ti-ia, 43, 1; ba-la-dam, 43, 59. 
 BALTU, living: ba-al-tu-tim, 43, 35. 
 BULTU, life-time: bu-ul-ti-su, 28, 44, 03. 
 BALUM, without, without the consent of: ba-lum, 6, 50, 15, 
 
 51, 56, 16, 5, 19, 2, 7, 20, 44, 30, 29, 33, 30, 35, 
 
 35, 37, 39, 85. 
 
 BILTU, tribute, revenue, crop-rent [GUN] : 12, 13, 23, 13, 36, 
 39, 47, 16, 38; bi-la-at, 16, 65, 75; bi-il-tim, 
 12, 7, 52, 57; bi-il-tam, 16, 73, 38, 59. 
 
 BANC, I, 1, to build, beget: ib-ni, 44, 49; ib-ni-u-su, 2, 
 15; ba-ni-i, 43, 42; ba-ni-su, 4, 28. 
 
 BANC, builder, creator: 35, 56, 64, 72, 75, 93, 98, 39, 41. 
 
 BANITU, mother: ba-ni-ti, 44, 43 
 
 BINtiTU, muscle, life: bi-ni-a-ti-su, 44, 37, 64. 
 
 BENNU, a kind of fever: bi-en-ni, 39, 61. 
 
 BAKARU, I, 1, to claim, to make claim: i-ba-ga-ru-si, 25, 
 18; i-ba-ag-ga-ru-si, 31, 42. 
 IV, 1, ib-ba-gar, 19, 73; ib-ba-ag-gar, 32, 38, 
 53, 59. 
 
 BAKRU, claim: ba-ak-ri, 39, 09, 71. 
 
 BARU, II, 1, to declare, to itemize: u-ba-ar, 9, 30, 20, 18, 
 
 36, 75; u-ba-ar-su, 21, 19. 
 BIRU, vision, view: bi-ri-su, 43, 26. 
 
 BAStr, I, 1, to be, to have: i-ba-as-si, 11, 22, 27, 33, 14, 1, 
 22, 11, 31, 41, 23, 20, 25, 40, 49; i-ba-as-su-u, 
 41, 24. 
 
 III, 1, u-la-ab-si, 43, 13; u-la-ab-iu-u, 38, 85; su- 
 
 ub-sa-a-am, 42, 78. 
 Ill, 2, US-tab-si, 12, 00, 14, 32, 15, 4, 24, 18, 37, 92, 
 38, 83. 
 
160 The Code of ^.ammukabi 
 
 IV, 1, ib-ba-as-su-u, 6, 20, 13, 53, 14, 20, 34, 51, 41, 
 
 62. 
 IV, 2, it-tab-si, 14, 1), 20, 0, 25, 58, 38, 77. 
 
 BISU, property, possessions: bi-is, 18, 54; bi-si-im, 22, 84; 
 bi-sa-am, 17, 36, 25, 13, 29, 82; bi-sa-su, 15, 24. 
 
 BUSO, property [SA.GA] : 6, 32, 21, 1, 27, 48, 63, 28, 6, 53, 
 69, 29, 11, 31, 52, 69, 87, 32, 13, 35, 82, 90, 36, 
 22; busl-su, 32, 83. 
 
 BITtr, opening, break: bi-tum, 15, 14, 18. 
 
 BITU, bouse, temple, estate: 2, 30, 54, 68, 3, 69, 5, 55, 8, 47, 
 9, 51, 58, 01, 11, 28, 30, 12, 5, 11, 19, 24, 31, 46, 
 50, 19, 32, 39, 62, 20, 6, 10, 19, 25, 75 ^i% 21, 3, 
 58, 76, 22, 16, 21, 33, 44, 02, 23, 22, 34, 58, 24, 
 4, 79, 25, 2, 0, 12, 27, 45, 54, 26, 13, 31, 34, 61, 
 27, 10, 23, 31, 36, 48, 63, 28, 6, 53, 69, 29, 12, 
 17, 25, 37, 76, 77, 81, 30, 25, 32, 36, 39, 47, 31, 
 52, 69, 87, 32, 13, 26, 48, 03, 73, 93, 33, 12, 19, 
 35, 57, 60, 66, 69, 71, 73, 77, 80, 87, 92, 93, 40, 
 68; bi-it, 7, 44, 8, 8; bi-zu, 5, 45, 10, 11, 53, 60, 
 60, 11, 9, 36, 12, 42, 32, 80; bi-za, 22, 13, 23, 
 41, 24, 8; bi-tim, 2, 66, 44, 75; bi-ti-su, 8, 42, 
 11, 20, 25; blti-lu, 12, 58, 20, 13, 22, 9, 29, 39, 
 24, 38; biti-sa, 18, 28; bi-tam, 9, 15. 
 
 BITIKTU, loss, reverse: bi-ti-ik-tnm, 13,45; bi-ti-ik-tnni, 
 17, 20. 
 
 GUGALLU, regent: gu-gal, 43, 65. 
 
 GIGUNtr, shrine: gi-gu-ne-e, 2, 28. 
 
 GADU, together, with: ga-du-um, 29, 74. 
 
 GALABU, II, 1, to cut, to brand: u-gal-li-ib, 35, 40; u-gal- 
 li-bu, 35, 53; u-gal-la-bu, 21, 34. 
 II, 2, ug-da-al-li-ib, 35, 47. 
 
 GALLABU, brander [SU.I]: 35, 36, 41, 44, 52. 
 
 GALATU, II, 1, to molest: mu-gal-li-tam, 40, 38. 
 
 GAMALU, I, 1, to protect: ig-mi-lu, 4, 29; ga-mi-il, 2, 32. 
 
 GITMALU, perfect: gi-it-ma-lum, 3, 37, 40, 10. 
 
 GAMAEU, I, 1, to complete: ig-mur, 16, 29. 
 
 II, 1, to complete, to bring about: mu-gam-me-ir, 
 1, 54, 2, 44. 
 
Glossary 161 
 
 GAMRU, whole, complete, total: ga-am-ri-im, 20, 15, 41, 
 
 46. 
 GAMARTU, common, public: ga-ma-ar-tim, 15, 68. 
 GARANU, II, 1, to store: mu-ga-ar-ri-in, 3, 21. 
 GURUNNU, heap, pile: gu-ru-un, 44, 12. 
 GARITTU,- store-house, granary: ga-ri-tim, 20, 8. 
 GASRU, strong, mighty: ga-as-ri-im, 3, 23. 
 GASiSU, stake, pole: ga-li-si-im, 25, 65. 
 DABARU, II, 1, to be waste, to lay waste: ud-da-ab-bi-ir, 
 
 10, 56, 11, 7. 
 DADMU, dwelling, settlement: da-ad-mi, 4, 25, 40, 35. 
 DAJJADU, II, 1, to bring abundance: mu-da-ab-bi-id, 2, 52. 
 DU^DU, plenty, abundance: tu-uh-di-im, 1, 56. 
 DAKU, I, 1, to kill, to put to death: i-du-uk-ku, 19, 47, 34, 
 
 34, 35, 76; i-du-uk-ku-su, 9, 20, 35, 49. 
 I, 2, id-du-uk, 38, 78; id-du-uk-su, 37, 4. 
 
 III, 1, us-dik, 25, 64. 
 
 IV, 1, id-da-ak, 5, 32, 52, 67, 6, 36, 40, 56, 69, 7, 
 
 39, 58, 8, 3, 29, 36, 48, 9, 4, 27, 10, 9, 11, 50, 
 64, 18, 35, 21, 65, 35, 72. 
 
 DIKU, I, 1, to summon, to stir up: id-ki, 8, 2. 
 
 DAMU, blood: da-mi-su-nu, 44, 10. 
 
 DAMAMU, I, 2, to lament: li-id-dam-ma-am, 44, 69. 
 
 DIMMATU, lamentation, tears: di-im-ma-tim, 43, 55. 
 
 DAMAKU, II, 1, to favor: lu-dam-mi-ku, 41, 58; mu-dam- 
 
 mi-ga-at, 42, 85. 
 DAMKU, pure: dam-ga-am, 40, 8. 
 DAMIKTU, grace, favor: da-mi-ik-tum, 43, 97; da-mi-ik- 
 
 tim, 4, 56, 40,94; dam-ga-ti-iu, 43,104. 
 DUMKU, favor: dum-ki-ia, 44, 53. 
 DANU, I, 1, to judge, to determine, to decide: i-di-in, 6, 7; 
 
 li-di-in, 41, 88; a-di-in, 43, 22; a-di-nu, 
 
 41, 69, 81, 42, 27; i-di-nu, 6, 15; di-a-nim, 
 
 40, 70. 
 
 DAIANU, judge: da-a-a-nu-um, 6, 6, 43, 14; da-a-a-nim, 
 40, 85; da-a-a-nam, 6, 14; da-a-a-nu, 7, 27, 
 8, 16, 28, 15, 29, 19, 30, 34; da-a-a-ni, 6, 28, 
 21, 31, 28, 13, 30, 29. 
 
162 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 DAIANtlTU, judgment, position as judge: da-a-a-nu-ti-su, 
 6, 25. 
 
 DINU, case: di-nu-um, 5, 04, 19, 35, 20, 50, 37, 49; di- 
 ni, 42, 6; di-nim, 5, 58, 6, 4, 19, 29, 8, 11, 
 23, 11, 57; di-in, 5, G5, 6, 15, 40, 70, 41, 68, 
 81,42,27; di-in-su, 6,13,41,17,43,21; di-in- 
 si-na, 41, 88; di-nam, 6, 7; di-na-a-at, 40, 1. 
 
 DANITU, inscription, code: da-ni-tam, 41, 39. 
 
 DANANU, II, 1, to strengthen, to make firm: u-dan-ni-in, 
 
 35, 68; u-dan[-ni-in], 15, 12; u-dan-ni-nu, 
 35, 88; u-dan-na-an, 36, 3, 23; u-dan-na-an, 
 
 36, 3, 23; du[-un-nuj-nim, 15, 9. 
 DANNU, strong, mighty: dan-nu-um, 1, 37, 40, 59, 44, 
 
 25; dannu [DA.LUMJ, 2, 23, 4, 69, 5, 3; da- 
 
 an-nim, 40, 22; dan-nim, 11, 58, 44, 35; 
 
 dan-na-tam, 36, 24; da-ni-a-tim, 44, 85. 
 DANNATU, stronghold, garrison: dan-na-at, 10, 15, 32. 
 DUPPU, tablet: dup-pi-im, 28, 85, 30, 68, 31, 27; dup- 
 
 pa-am, 25, 33, 30, 45, 66; dup-pa-su, 12, 
 
 15, 14, 13. 
 DIPTU, credit(?): ti-ib-tim, 18, 47. 
 DASU, I, 1, to deceive: i-dn-as, 35, 44. 
 DAE.U, eternity, forever: a-na da-ar, 41, 1, 36. 
 DARU, ancient, eternal: daru-um, 5, 1; dftrl-tam, 1, 21. 
 DARlS, for all time: dari-is, 4, 21. 
 
 DASU, I, 1, to tread, to thresh: di-a-si-im, 38, 91, 94, 97. 
 DASU, II, 1, to make sumptuous: mu-di-es-si, 3, 33. 
 ZIBBATU, tail [KUN] : zibba-zu, 37, 31. 
 ZIBU, offering, sacrifice: zi-bi, 4, 22. 
 ZAZU, I, 1, to divide, to share: i-zu-zu, 16, 22; i-zu- 
 
 uz-zu, 13, 57, 15, 30, 27, 43, 50, 62, 28, 2, 8, 
 
 57, 72, 29, 50, 30, 4, 10; i-za-az, 31, 55, 71, 
 
 90, 32, 14. 
 ZAgAMU, II, 1: to scheme: u-za-aU-lja-mu-si, 29, 18. 
 ZAKARU, I, 1, to name, to declare: i-za-kar, 9, 12, 17, 
 
 30, 21, 75, 37, 42. 
 I, 2, iz-za-kar, 8, 61. 
 IV, 1, li-iz-za-ki-ir, 41, 2. 
 
Glossaky 163 
 
 ZIKARU, man, male: zi-ka-ri-im, 21, 43, 71, 79, 83, 25> 
 
 02; zi-ka-ra-am, 21, 56. 
 ZIKRU, name, vow: zi-ik-ru, 2, 5; zi-ik-ru-um, 30, 62, 
 
 31, 21, 46, 32, 52, 33, 1, 11; zi-kir-su, 42, 76. 
 ZAMtr, III, 1, to deprive: li-sa-az-mi, 43, 40. 
 ZUMRU, body: zu-um-ri-su, 43, 49. 
 ZCTNU, side, bosom: zu-un, 26, 20, 26; zu-ni-sa, 21, 61, 
 
 25, 77, 26, 7. 
 ZANANU, I, 1, to care for, to support: za-ni-nu-um, 1, 60. 
 ZUNNU,.rain: zu-ni, 43, 68. 
 Z(S)INNI§TU, woman [SAL]: 21, 40, 66, 22, 18, 23, 35, 51, 
 
 80, 23, 54, 56, 60, 73, 24, 10, 25, 1, 26, 36, 
 
 44, 53, 65, 26, 38, 82, 27, 11, 20, 78, 82, 29, 
 
 24, 27, 41, 46, 30, 43, 62, 31, 21, 46, 32, 52, 
 
 33, 1, 11, 34, 31, 41. 
 ZARU, I, 1, to hate: i-zi-ir, 23, 60; i-si-ir, 33, 18; i-zi-ru, 
 
 22, 69. 
 ZA'IRU, enemy: za-i-ri, 3, 9. 
 ZfiRU, seed: 2, 13, 5, 1, 44, 48; z6r-su, 44, 78. 
 ZITTU, portion, part: zi-it-tim, 28, 59; si-it-tam, 23, 9, 
 
 29, 13, 31, 53; zi-it-ti-su, 27, 69; zi-it- 
 
 ti-sa, 30, 83, 90; zitti-su [B:A.LA], 16, 
 
 24, 32. 
 ZAKAPU, I, 1, to plant: iz-ku-up, 16, 14, 36: za-ga- 
 
 bi-im, 16, 11, 28. 
 3ABALU, I, 1, to oppress, to plmider: bti-ba-li-im, 1, 39; 
 
 Ija-ba-lim, 40, 60. 
 
 I, 2, ib-ta-ba-al, 11, 54. 
 
 5ABLU, wronged: Ija-ab-lum, 41,3; ba-ab-lim, 40,73. 
 
 gUBULLU, debt: bu-bu-ul-lum, 13, 72, 25, 38, 47, 57; 
 bu-bu-ul-li, 14, 11; bu-bu-ul-lim, 25, 29; bu- 
 bu-ul-li-su, 25, 41; bu-bu-ul-li-sa, 25, 50. 
 
 ^ABATU, I, 1, to rob, to plunder, to destroy: ib-bu-ut, 
 9, 24. 
 
 II, 1, u-ba-ap-pa-du, 33, 49. 
 
 II, 2, ub-tab-bi-it, 33, 47, 55, 61, 34, 82; ub- 
 
 tab-da (it), 34, 92, 37, 24. 
 IV, 1, ib-ba-ab-tu, 9, 42. 
 
164 The Code op Sammukabi 
 
 gABTU, robbed: ba-ab-tum, 9, 31. 
 
 5ABBATU, brigand: ba-ab-ba-tum, 9, 28. 
 
 gUBTU, phinder: bu-ub-tum, 9, 41; bu-ub-tam, 9, 23. 
 
 gfiGALLU, plenty, abundance, overflow [gill.GlL]: 2, 20, 
 
 43, 64. 
 
 IJADtJ, II, 1, to gladden, to make joyful: mu-ba-ad-di, 3, 
 
 53. 
 5IZBU, riches, plenty, abundance: bi-iz-bi-im, 2, 45. 
 glTU, to oppose: i-bi-a-at, 32, 46. 
 IJITITU, blame, reproach, disaster, loss: bi-ti-it, 38, 84; 
 
 bi-ti-tam, 23, 67, 36, 18. 
 gATTU, scepter: ba-at-ti-im, 3, 25; batti-su, 40, 44, 42, 
 
 14, 50. 
 5ALALU, I, 1, to throw into, to thrust into: i-lja-al-la- 
 
 lu-su, 9, 21, 35, 51. 
 IV, 2, it-ta-ab-la-lu, 15, 70. 
 gALStr, III, 1, to destroy: li-is-bi-el-zi, 43, 25. 
 g^ALAKU, I, 1, to lose, to destroy: i-bal-li-ku, 43, 50; bal- 
 
 ku, 7, 1, 21, 16, 36, 73; ba-li-ik, 21, 10, 12; 
 
 ba-la-ak, 42, 73, 92, 43, 30; ba-la-ki-su, 42, 
 
 61. 
 
 I, 2, ib-ta-li-ik, 9, 8, 20, 75. 
 
 II, 1, u-bal-li-ku, 15, 19, 20, 78, 35, 85, 36, 
 54; li-bal-li-ik, 43, 75; bu-ul-lu-ki-im, 1, 
 36. 
 
 II, 2, ub-ta-al-li-ik, 35, 83, 36, 34, 49, 38, 39. 
 
 gALKU, lost: bal-ga-am, 7, 3, 8', 39, 51, 9, 33, 44, 21, 4, 
 36, 79. 
 
 5ULKU, loss: bu-ul-kum, 7, 6; bu-ul-ki-im, 7,13, 24, 34, 
 40, 54, 59, 62; bu-ul-ki-ia-mi, 7, 15; bu-ul- 
 ki-su, 7, 25, 56, 64; bu-lu-uk-su, 7, 41, 60. 
 
 ^AMSU, five: ba-am-si-im, 39, 11; ba-mu-us-tim, 16, 17. 
 
 gANU, bowels(?): ba-nam, 35,3. 
 
 gAPASU, I, 1, to break, to crush, to shatter: li-ilj-pu-us, 
 
 44, 39. 
 
 JJIPtr, IV, 1, to be broken, to be canceled: ib-bi-ib-bi, 
 
 12, 16. 
 glRU, I, 1, to betroth: i-bi-ir, 25, 74, 26, 5. 
 
Glossary 165 
 
 JjAWIRU, groom, husband: ba-wi-ri-sa, 22, 52, 29, 55. 
 HIRTU, bride, wife: bi-ir-tum, 28, 80; bi-ir-tim, 28, ^6, 
 
 54, 58, 71, 76; bi-ir-ta-lu, 23, 15, 28, 39. 
 ^ARRANU, way, road, journey, errand [KAS] : 11,43; bar- 
 
 ra-an, 9, 68, 11, 15; bar-ra-nim, 18, 51; bar- 
 
 ra-nam, 17, 24; ba-ra-an-sa, 23, 48. 
 SARlSU, I, 1, to deduct: i-bar-ra-as, 27, 29. 
 SURASU, gold [GUSKIN]: 6, 43, 18, 53, 20, 33, 55. 
 SUSAOTU, hunger, famine: bu-sa-ab-hi-im, 42, 67, 43, 73. 
 TABU, I, 1, to be good, to be favorable, to be satisfied: ta-ab, 
 
 38, 51; ta-bu, 30, 72, 31, 5, 30, 39, 96; ta-ba, 
 
 4,47. 
 II, 1, to benefit, cause to prosper, to content: u-ti-ib, 
 
 40, 34, 41, 33; u-ti-ib, 5, 24; li-ti-ib, 41, 94; 
 
 u-ta-ab-bu, 30, 87; tu-ub-bi-im, 1, 48; mu- 
 
 ti-ib, 2, 7. 
 II, 2, ut-ti-ib-bu, 31, 2. 
 TABU, good, pleasing, favorable: ta-bu-um, 40, 46; ta-ba- 
 
 ani, 41, 34. 
 TlTU, earth, clay: di-di-im, 44, 38. 
 TARADU, I, 2, to dispatch: it-ta-ra-ad, 10, 6. 
 KI, like, as: 2, 31. 
 KIMA, like, as, corresponding to, according to: ki-ma, 1, 22, 
 
 40, 13, 3, 8, 69, 15, 37, 16, 43, 21, 15, 23, 10, 
 57, 29, 14, 30, 82, 89, 31, 53, 32, 26, 33, 84, 
 34, 88, 35, 79, 37, 11, 19, 54, 38, 40, 41, 40, 68, 
 
 41, 21, 42, 12, 94, 44, 31, 38, 63. 
 KABALU, II, 1, to force: u-kab-bil-si, 21, 60. 
 KIBSU, tread, procedure: ki-ib-sa-am, 41, 80. 
 KIBRATU, region, quarter: ki-ib-ra-at, 2. 3, 5, 11; ki-ib- 
 
 ra-tini, 1, 18. 
 KABATU, I, 1, to be heavy, to be potent: kab-ta-at, 42, 84. 
 KABTU, heavy, mighty, grave: kab-tim, 42, 79; kab-tam, 
 
 28, 18, 25, 32, 34, 56, 75, 84, 35, 21, 30, 43, 47, 
 
 44, 55. 
 KAZZATU, injury: kaz-za-tim, 38, 84; kaz-za-tam, 38, 83. 
 KAKKU, weapon: 40, 22; kakki-ia, 43, 95; kakka-su, 43, 
 
 87, 44, 3, 35. 
 
166 The Code of IJammueabi 
 
 KALU, II, 1, to carry, to provide for: u-ki-il, 40, 52; mu- 
 
 ki-ii, 3, 43. 
 KALU, I, 2, to shut in, to restrain, to detain: ik-ta-la-su, 
 
 8,71. 
 KILALU, both: ki-la-li-su-nu, 26, 22; ki-la-la-su-nu, 
 
 25, 59. 
 KALALU, III, 1, to complete, to finish: u-sa-ak-li-il-suni, 
 
 35, 59; u-sa-ak-li-lu-su, 3, 27; mu-sa-ak- 
 
 li-il, 1, 57, 3, 50. 
 KALLATU, bride [E.GE.AJ: 25, 74, 26, 4, 31, 45. 
 KALAMU, II, 1, to show, to inform, to enlighten: In-kal- 
 
 lim-su, 41, 16, 85; u-kal-lam, 20, 39. 
 KAMMALU, burden, ignominy: kam-ma-al, 43, 57. 
 KAMlg, bound: ka-mi-is, 44, 23. 
 KANU, I, 1, to be established, to be firm: ki-na, 40, 69. 
 
 II, 1, to establish, to call to account: u-ki-in, 40, 
 
 78; u-ki-in-nu, 40, 5; u-ki-in-nu-sum, 1, 2(); 
 
 u-ka-an, 17, 63, 18, 8, 19, 45; u-ka-an-su, 39, 
 
 101; u-ka-an-nu-su, 6, 17, 13, 2, 18, 69, 19, 
 
 11, 20, 62, 37, 94, 38, 70; u-ka-an-nu-si, 18, 
 
 23, 22, 24, 23, 43, 33, 34; mu-ki-in, 2, 24, 3, 
 
 30; mu-ki-in-nu, 4, 40; mu-ki-in-ni, 4, 48. 
 II, 2, to establish, prove: uk-ti-in, 5, 61, 21, 29; 
 
 uk-ti-in-su, 5, 30, 36. 
 KINU, firm, stable: ki-nam, 40, 6. 
 KINATU, justice: ki-na-tim, 4, 53, 41, 97. 
 KITTU, truth, right: ki-it-tam, 5, 20. 
 KANIKU, sealed receipt: ka-ni-ik, 17, 42, 48; ka-ni-ki-im, 
 
 17, 52. 
 KUNUKKU, seal, record, deed: ku-nu-uk-kam, 6, 10, 25, 
 
 15, 32, 8; ku-nu-kam, 27, 38, 31, 25, 82. 
 KANASU, II, 1, to subdue: mu-ka-an-ni-is, 4, 24. 
 KASU, I, to bind: i-ka-zu-su, 25, 81; i-ka-zu-su-nu-ti, 
 
 21, 47. 
 KISALLU, yard, court [KI.SAL]: 2,68. 
 KUSStr, seat, throne [IS.GU.ZA] : 6, 24, 43, 45. 
 KASPU, silver, money, loan: 6, 1, 42, 7, 46, 8, 56, 9, 48, 12, 
 
 8, 42, 14, 19, 54, 56, 15, 25, 16, 8, 17, 1, 11, 17, 
 
Glossary 107 
 
 22, 38, 42, 48, 52, 56, 62, 64, 18, 19, 53, 19, 1, 
 lU, 24, 28, 49, 58, 72, 78, 20, 1, 33, 55, 23, 18, 
 27, 31, 24, 54, 63, 26, 9, 27, 70, 29, 2, 30, 51, 
 31, 14, 33, 58, 73, 86, 91, 34, 18, 21, 28, 39, 43, 
 49, 53, 65, 68, 72, 93, 35, 8, 11, 16, 25, 61, 36, 
 
 I, 7, 60, 84, 37, 25, 34, 64, 67, 38, 13, 19, 68, 39, 
 12, 17, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 30, 38, 38, 40, 42, 
 48, 50, 56, 65, 85, 91, 94; kaspi-su, 12, 3, 17, 
 14, 37, 61, 30, 57. 
 
 KARU, dyke, levee: kari-su, 15, 13, 17; kari-[su], 15, 11; 
 
 [karij-lu, 15, 8. 
 KARCT, grain, stored corn: karfi, 3, 21. 
 KIEt), garden, orchard [IS.SAE]: kirti, 10, 37, 47, 12, 5, 
 
 II, 19, 24, 31, 46, 50, 16, 5, 6, 11, 14, 16, 19, 23, 
 36, 64, 65, 67, 72, 75, 22, 84, 25, 12, 27, 36, 
 31, 9, 32, 92; kirti-su, 10, 19, 26, 53, 59, 60, 
 11, 9, 35, 12, 41, 58, 16, 59; kirfl-sa, 30, 79, 
 31, 3. 
 
 KARABU, I, 1, to bless, to pray: li-ik-ru-ba-am, 41, 47. 
 
 KARASU, need, misfortune: ka-ra-si-im, 4, 13. 
 
 KASADU, I, 1, to reach, to attain, to overcome: ik-su-ud, 
 
 41, 31; ik-su-du, 4, 9; li-ik-su-zu, 43, 33; 
 
 li-ik-su-da-su, 44, 91. 
 I, 2, ik-ta-as-dam, 10, 25, 22, 50; ik-ta-sa-zu, 
 
 5,43. 
 Ill, 1, u-sa-ak-si-du, 2, 70; mu-sa-ak-si-du, 
 
 44, 27. 
 Ill, 2, us-ta-ak-si-da-as-su, 11, 19. 
 KISPU, sorcery: ki-is-bu, 5, 38; ki-is-bi, 5, 34, 51. 
 KASiSU, master: ka-si-si-su-nu, 19, 63. 
 KISSATU, service: ki-is-sa-tim, 19, 69; ki-ii-sa-a-tim, 
 
 19, 59. 
 KISSATU, everything, the universe: 1, 12. 
 KASt)SU, power, strength: ka-su-si-su, 44, 29. 
 KATATU, III, 2, to give reverence to: us-ta-ak-ti-it, 41, 27. 
 LA, negative, not. 
 Lt), particle of emphasis. 
 Ltr, precative particle. 
 
168 ■ The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 LEU, I, 1, to be able, to be willing, to undertake: i-li-i, 10, 
 
 36, 45, 15, 22, 37, 98, 41, 77. 
 
 L£'U, powerful, mighty: li-i-a-um, 1, 63; li-u-um, 40, 4. 
 
 LITU, strength, health, person: li-e-it, 33, 76, 83, 89, 93. 
 
 LI'tJTU, power, might: li-u-tim, 40, 28; li-u-ti, 40, 82. 
 
 LA'BU, fever, disease: la-'-bu-um, 24, 68, 76. 
 
 LIBBU, heart, midst: li-ib-bu, 39,78; li-ib-bi, 2,8, 3, 54,59, 
 16,32,41,32; li-ib-bi-su, 1,20,41,45; li-ib- 
 bi-sa, 23, 12, 26, 16, 29, 39, 30, 74, 31, 33, 34, 
 26, 29, 37, 47, 36, 48, 53, 43, 99; li^ib-ba-su, 
 38, 51, 41, 18; li-ib-ba-sa, 30, 86, 31, 1. 
 
 LI.BLIBBU, descendant: li-ib-li-ib-bi, 4, 67. 
 
 LABI'ANU, hamstring(?): la-bi-a-an-su, 37, 17. 
 
 LABlSU, III, 1, to clothe: mu-sa-al-bi-il, 2, 26. 
 
 LIBITTU, brick- work, bricks: 41, 51, 44, 76. 
 
 LALtr, small animal, goat(?): 38, 96. 
 
 LAMA, before: la-ma, 25, 36, 45. 
 
 LAMADU, I, 1, to know, know carnally: il-ma-zi, 25, 75, 
 
 26, 6; i-lam-ma-du, 44, 60. 
 I, 2, il-ta-ma-ad, 25, 69. 
 
 LIMfiNU, II, 1, be evil, hostile: li-li-mi-in, 42, 90. 
 
 LIMNU, bad, evil: lim-nam, 43, 27; li-im-nam, 44, 56; 
 li-im-ne-tim, 43, 105. 
 
 LAMASSU, a genius, guardian spirit: la-ma-zum, 41, 48; 
 lamassu, 4, 56; la-ma-zi, 43, 96; la-ma-zi-ia, 
 40, 53. 
 
 LAPATU, III, 1, to smite, overturn: su-ul-pu-ut, 42, 91. 
 
 LIPTU, stroke, visitation: li-bi-it, 38, 77. 
 
 LIKU, I, 1, take, receive, obtain as one's portion: il-ku-u, 
 13, 62, 14, 40, 63, 17, 2, 11, 65, 18, 11, 19, 12, 
 20, 20; il-ku-su, 32, 68,78; il-ku-u-su, 32, 
 43; il-ki, 14, 20, 17, 57, 20, 12, 32, 35, 41, 56, 
 
 37, 84; i-li-ki, 7, 42, 47, 61, 8, 13, 13, 70, 14, 
 36, 53, 16, 26, 70, 17, 45, 18, 48, 21, 7, 24, 3, 
 
 27, 46, 28, 61, 87, 29, 15, 38, 90, 30, 6, 9, 18, 
 21; i-li-ku, 28, 5, 30, 81, 34, 66, 69, 39, 66; 
 i-li-ku-u, 29, 56; li-ki-im, 17, 62, 19, 10. 
 
 I, 2, il-te-ki, 9, 62, 11, 53, 61, 17, 51, 19, 5. 
 
Glossaby 169 
 
 LISANU, tongue [KA]: liiani-iu, 33, 8. 
 
 MA, copula, and. 
 
 MA, enclitic particle. 
 
 MI, enclitic particle. 
 
 Mt), name: me-e, 4, 63; me-e-su, 32, 33. 
 
 MO, water: mu-u, 15, 29; me-e, 2, 39, 14, 7, 15, 15, 36, 
 40, 42, 18, 24, 21, 48, 22, 25, 24, 11, 25, 82, 
 42, 94, 43, 40. 
 
 MAGAL, greatly: ma-ga-al, 23, 71. 
 
 MIIGOTU, neglect: me-gu-tim, 37, 8. 
 
 MAGARU, I, 1, to agree, to look with favor upon, to coun- 
 tenance: i-ma-ag-ga-ru.-au, 24, 25. 
 I, 2, im-ta-gar, 15, 50, 25, 4. 
 
 MIGRU, favprite: mi-gi-ir, 3, 48, 5, 13. 
 
 MODU, wise, one who knows, one who can identify: mu-di, 3, 
 
 17, 7, 14, 24, 33, 55, 64, 42, 102. 
 MCrDtTTU, testimony, knowledge: mu-du-zu-nu, 7, 35. 
 MADADU, I, 1, to measure out: i-ma-ad-da-ad, 13, 34, 
 
 15, 38, 45, 16, 3, 44, 57, [77], 37, 96. 
 MAGARU, I, 1, to receive: im-bu-ur, 6, 54, 11, 46; im- 
 hu-ru, 6,39; i-mab-bar-su, 38, 81; ma-hi-ir, 
 38, 50. 
 I, 2, im-ta-ba-ar, 13, 40; im-ta-bar, 13, 48, 
 
 18, 17, 19. 
 
 Ill, 2, to take precedence of : us-ta-ma-ab-ba-ar, 
 24, 42; us-ta-tam-bi-ir, 24, 51. 
 
 MAJJRU, front, before, in the presence of: mab-ru, 27, 35, 
 mab-ru-tum, 29, 48; ma-bar, 7, 10, 30, 17, 
 61, 18, 7, 20, 17, 57, 21, 18, 31, 36, 74, 38, 
 78, 39, 90, 40, 76, 41, 41, 54, 42, 89; ma- 
 ba-ar, 9, 34, 41, 6, 44, 26; ma-ba-ri-im, 3, 
 72; mab-ri-su-nu, 7, 22, 30, 51; mab-ra, 42, 
 100; mab-ri-tim, 13, 60. 
 
 MIIJRU, similar, equal to: me-ib-ri-su, of his own rank, 33, 
 68. 
 
 MAUIRU, price, contract: ma-bi-ra-ti-su-nu, 14, 60. 
 
 MAgiRTU, a kind of boat(?): ma-bi-ir-tim, 36, 68, 76; 
 ma-bi-ir-tam, 39, 49. 
 
170 The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 MA^jASU, I, 1, to strike, beat: im-fea-as, 34, 25, 46; to 
 
 collide, 36, 70: im-^a-zu, 37, 38; am-ha-zu, 
 
 34, 11; i-ma-alj-lia-a?, break np, 13, 13, 27. 
 
 I, 2, im-ta-ba-as, 33, 42, 78, 85, 90, 34, 1, (i. 
 
 IV, 1, im-mab-Ua-as, 33, 81. 
 
 MAIJASU, beating, abuse, injury: ma-ba-zi-ini, 19, 40, 34, 
 
 36, 37, 9; ma-ba-zi-su, 34, 14. 
 
 MATt), II, 2, to make little, to diminish: um-ta-di, 16, 73, 
 18, 21, 38, 56. 
 Ill, 1, to make little, to belittle: u-sa-am-da, 23, 
 42, 24, 9; u-sa-am-dn-li, 23, 72. 
 MAKALU, feast, banquet: ma-ka-li, 3, 34, 4, 36. 
 MALA, as much as: ma-la, 17, 2, 65, 19, 12, 15, 52, 20, 
 
 37, 23, 18, 26, 56, 71, 27, 28, 30, 74, 31, 33. 
 MALtr, I, 1, to fill out, to complete: im-la, 39, 60. 
 
 II, 1, li-ma-al-li-su, 44, 22. 
 
 MALAgU, boatman [MA.DU.DU] : 36, 4, 10, 19, 29, 32, 35, 
 39, 45, 50, 56, 63. 
 
 MILU, water-flood: mi-lam, 43, 69. 
 
 MELAMMU, glory [ME.LAM] : 42, 48. 
 
 MELIMMU, splendor: me-li-im-mi, 2, 61. 
 
 MIMMA, indefinite pronoun, whatever, anything: mi-im-mA, 
 1, 58, 3, 5, 6, 47, 17, 27, 35, 70, 18, 2, 11, 60, 
 66, 71, 19, 14, 51, 20, 34, 37, 56, 63, 76, 21, 20, 
 23, 6, 50, 26, 11, 44, 56, 71, 29, 91, 30, 12, 31, 
 10, 35, 84, 36, 42, 52, 73, 38, 49, 42, 102. 
 
 MIMMC, whatever, anything: mi-im-me-e, 20, 74; mi-im- 
 me-su, 21, 11; mi-im-mu-su, 7, 1, 20, 73, 21, 
 9, 15; mi-im-ma-su, 7, 2, 9, 32, 43, 20, 07, 
 21, 4, 36, 79. 
 
 MANU, a weight, a measure of value in money, a mana, 
 mina: ma-na, 9, 48, 16, 8, 19, 24, 49, 23, 27, 31, 
 26, 9, 33, 58, 73, 86, 34, 18, 21, 43, 53, 36, 84, 
 37, 64, 67. 
 
 MANC, I, 1, to count, to reckon : i'-ma-an-nu-u, 17, 5; i-ma- 
 an-nu-si, 24, 59. 
 I, 2, im-ta-nu-su, 32, 71; im-ta-nu-su-nu-ti, 28, 
 47. 
 
Glossary 171 
 
 MANAJJTU, maintenance: ma-na-lja-at, 14, 41; ma-na-ba- 
 
 ti-su, 13, 61. 
 MUPPARKO, untiring: la mu-up-pa-ar-ku-u-um, 3, 14. 
 MASO, III, 1, to cause to find: u-sa-am-zi-si, 30, 75. 
 
 Ill, 2, us-tam-zi-si, 31, 34. 
 MASSAEtTTU, trust, deposit, safe-keeping: ma-sa-ru-tim, 
 
 6, 53, 20, 35, 42, 46,-58, 68, 77. 
 MUKKfiLBITU, ferry-boat: mu-uk-ki-el-bi-tim, 36, 77; 
 
 . mu-[uk-]ki-el-bi-tim, 36, 69. 
 MAKATU, I, 1, to fall, collapse: im-ku-ut, 35,70; im-ku-tu, 
 35, 89, 92. 
 I, 2, im-ta-ku-ut, 39, 62. 
 Ill, 1, li-sa-am-ki-it, 44, 9. 
 MIKITTU, a fall, disaster: mi-ki-it-ti, 38, 80. 
 MARU, II, l,to send, to commission: u-we-e-ra-an-ni, 5, 19. 
 MARU, son: 1, 9, 4, 69, 6, 48, 8, 26, 15, 27, 19, 46, 28, 18, 
 
 29, 14, 32, 50, 52, 54, 55, 85, 96, 33, 1, 10, 11, 
 26, 32, 37, 41, 46, 82, 83, 93, 34, 17, 20, 67, 35, 
 10, 73, 37, 61, 39, 21, 43, 83, 44, 44; mar-su, 
 10, 35, 41, 19, 47, 57, 25, 73, 75, 26, 3, 6, 27, 
 34, 54, 28, 10, 22, 34, 33, 24, 35, 75; mftri-i, 
 28, 14; m&ri-sa, 25, 21; mar6, 19, 77, 22, 40, 
 
 54, 75bi=, 23, 16, 24, 18, 30, 47, 52, 60, 26, 28, 
 81, 27, 10, 52, 77, 84, 28, 1, 40, 42, 45, 48, 54, 
 
 55, 64, 70, 71, 76, 77, 29, 22, 45, 48, 53, 55, 02, 05, 
 
 30, 55, 32, 81, 39, 84, 88; TUR-US-TUR, 28, 
 58; mftr6-su, 32,70; mftrfi-sa, 23,2,4,7,25, 
 18, 27, 6, 28, 74, 29, 5, 16, 34, 30, 9, 21, 23; 
 mftru-u-a, 28, 47, 65. 
 
 MARTU, daughter: 26, 43, 53, 29, 60, 66, 71, 88, 30, 8, 10, 
 20, 34, 24, 35, 44, 51; mara-zu, 19, 57, 25, 68, 
 34, 33; marat-ka, 26, 41; marti-i, 26, 54, 69; 
 marti-su, 12, 27, 35, 31, 44, 77, 32, 3, 16. 
 
 MURSU, malady, sickness: mur-sa-am, 44, 55. 
 
 MARSU, dangerous, diseased: mar-.sa-am, 35, 4, 44, 57. 
 
 MARARU, I, 1, to hoe, to harrow: im-ri-ru, 37, 86; i-mar- 
 ra-ar, 13, 28. 
 
 MARU, hoe: ma-a-a-ri, 13, 12, 20. 
 
172 The Code of 9ammueabi 
 
 MEEESTU, plantation, settlement: me-ri-es-tim, 3, 19. 
 MARUSTU, blighting: mn-ru-us-tum, 43, 41; ma-ru-us- 
 
 tam, 44, 83. 
 MARtTTU, sonship, inheritance: ma-ru-tim, 32, 34, 41; ma- 
 
 ru-ti-su, 32, 67, 77. 
 MIEITU, pasturage, pasture land: mi-ri-tim, 3, 39. 
 MASU, I, 1, to forget: i-me-es, 42, 24. 
 MlSlTU, oblivion: mi-si-tim, 43, 5. 
 MtrSU, night: mu-si-im, 43, 88. 
 MA§KU, determinative, skin [SU]: 33, 80. 
 MASKANU, granary, storage-house [KISLA3]: ma-as-ka- 
 
 nim, 19, 4; maskanu, 19, 9. 
 MUgKfiNU, freeman [MAS.EN.KAK] : 6, 65, 8, 33, 34, 41, 
 
 23, 30, 29, 59, 70, 78, 85, 33, 54, 5f>, 72, 88, 8!), 
 
 34, 20, 35, 07, 85, 35, 10. 
 
 MigLU, half: mi-si- il, 33, (54, 34, 93, 36, 00, 37, 25; mi -is- 
 lam, 30, 5, 7, 17, 19; mi-is-la-ni, 13, 4!). 
 MASKITU, watering place: ma-as-ki-tum, 3, 40. 
 MASARU, I, 3, to leave: in-ta-na-as-sa-ru-su, 37, 100. 
 
 II, 2, to go free: u-ta-as-sar, 9, 13, 17, 31, 21, <)7, 
 
 35, 55, 37, 43. 
 
 MISARU, righteousness: mi-sa-ri, 40, 86; mi-sa-ri-im, 40, 
 2, 77, 41, 7, 65, 96, 42, 13, 17; mi-sa-ra-am, 1, 
 32, 5, 21. 
 
 MATU, land [UN], the whole land: 1, 7, 5, 17, 39, 78, 40, 50, 
 87, 41, 62, 70, 81, 82; ma-at, 5, 7, 39, 73, 44, 
 22; ma-zu, 41, 77, 43, 72, 79, 44, 79; ma-tim, 
 1, 33, 43, 2, 48, 5, 22, 39, 84, 88, 40, 33, 70, 
 71, 41, 68, 42, 77; ma-ti-su, 41, 91, 42, 91, 
 
 43, 30; ma-tam, 40, 6, 41, 37; ma-ta-tim, 
 
 44, 42. 
 
 MUTU, man, husband: mu-tu, 23, 12, 26, 10; mu-ut, 29, 3i); 
 mu-za, 21, 70, 22, 48, 23, 42, 44, 52, 54, 60, 24, 
 9, 25, 32, 51, 64, 27, 21, 28, 83, 29, 6, 32, !)2, 
 30, 12; mu-za(g), 23, 69; mu-tim, 32, 6, 20, 
 29; mu-ti-sa, 22, 4, 71, 23, 58, 24, 16, 45, 
 25, 2, 17, 30, 28, 89, 29, 12, 25, 43, 51, 30, 36, 
 39, 41. 
 
Glossaev 173 
 
 MATU, I, 2, to die: im-tu-ut, 19, 34, 42, 29, 46, 33, 28, 34, 
 
 15, 32, 42, 52, 37, 39. 
 Ill, 2, us-ta-mi-it, 34, 78, 87, 35, 32, 71, 74, 78, 37, 
 
 10, 48, 63. 
 MCTTU, death: mu-ut, 42, 70; mu-tim, 43, 60, 44, 63. 
 MIT^AKlg, equally: mi-it-ba-ri-is, 16, 21, 27, 49, 28, 7, 56. 
 MATIMA, at the time, when: ma-ti-ma, 41, 61. 
 MUTTATU, forehead, produce: mu-ut-ta-at, 22, 83; mu-ut- 
 
 ta-zu, 21, 33. 
 NA'IDU, exalted: na-'-du-um, 1, 61, 3, 13, 4, 33, 64; na-'- 
 
 dam, 1, 30. 
 NIBU, to distrain, to seize as pledge, to levy upon: 
 I, 1, ib-bi, 19, 30; ne-bi-sa, 19, 32, 39. 
 I, 2, it-te-bi, 19, 21, 36, 83. 
 NIBtFTU, hostage for debt: ni-bu-tum, 19, 31, 38; ni-bu- 
 
 tim, 19, 22, 43, 36, 82; ni-bu-zu, 19, 21, 30. 
 NABt), I, 1, to name, to call, ordain: ib-bi-u, 1, 17; ib-bu-u, 
 
 1, 49; ib-bu-u-nin-ni, 40, 41; na-bi-a-at, 42, 
 
 44; na-bu-u, 42, 47. 
 NIBITTU, one called, ordained: ni-bi-it, 1, 52. 
 NABALKATTU, pillage: na-ba-al-ka-at-tim, 20, 71, 72. 
 NAGAPU, I, 1, to gore: ik-ki-ib, 37, 47, 62. 
 
 II, 1, mu-na-ak-ki-ib, 3, 9. 
 NAGGAPU, one who gores: na-ak-ka-a[m-mja, 37,53; na- 
 
 ak-ka-pu-u, 37, 54. 
 NAGABTU, ulcer: na-gab-ti, 34, 60, 79; na-gab-ta-su, 
 
 34, 89. 
 NAGIRU, commandant: na-gi-ri-im, 8, 45. 
 NADC, I, 1, to put, to cast, to neglect: id-di, 5, 29, 35, 10, 
 
 55, 13, 22, 15, 10, 34, 72, 22, 58; id-du-u, 5, 
 
 51, 13, 11; ad-di, 40, 16; i-na-ad-du-u-iu, 21, 
 
 32; i-na^ad-du-u-si, 18,25,22,26,24,12,26,1; 
 
 i-na-ad-du-u-su-nu-ti, 21,47; na-du-u, 5, 38. 
 I, 2, it-ta-di, 13, 7, 33, 69, 72; li-it-ta-ad-di, 44, 16. 
 
 III, 2, us-ta-ad-di-su, 17, 28; us-ta-ad-di-si, 34, 
 38, 48; us-ta-di-si, 34, 27. 
 
 IV, 1, in-na-ad-di, 9, 65; in-na-ad-du-u, 33, 70; 
 
 in-na-du-u, 16, 40. 
 
114: The Code op 5AMMUliABi 
 
 NADANU, I, 1, to give, to give for money, to sell, to pay: id- 
 di-in, 12, 55, 13, 38, 51, 14, 23, 48, 16, 12, 62, 
 17, 37, 18, 47, 56, 19, 58, 20, 47, 59, 68, 24, 17, 
 46, 26, 52, 64, 33, 25, 36, 31; id-in, 18, 62; id- 
 di-nam, 7, 9, 40, 29; i-din-nam, 40, 14; id- 
 di-is-si, 32, 7, 21; id-di-is-si-im, 29, 8; id- 
 di-nu, 10, 21, 11, 60, 70, 17, 50, 18, 68, 19, 
 15, 52, 20, 48, 69, 26, 37; id -di -nu-sum, 7, 
 20, 50, 17, 71, 18, 4, 20, 78, 27, 45; id-di-nu- 
 si-im, 28, 82, 29, 33, 31, 12; i-na-ad-di-in, 6, 
 22, 64, 12, 9, 30, 38, 43, 13, 5, 10, 14, 17, 44, 66, 
 15, 64, 16, 68, 17, 14, 67, 18, 14, 74, 20, 23, 30, 
 36, 43, 65, 21, 24, 25, 23, 25, 29, 3, 31, 6, 15, 
 40, 32, 1, 34, 73, 35, 9, 12, 17, 28, 35, 81, 36, 26, 
 61, 91, 37, 27, 35, 65, 68, 38, 15, 20, 60, 89, 39, 
 2, 7, 14, 19, 44, 52, 57, 95; i-na- ad-din, 19,72; 
 i-na-ad-di-is-sum,, 8, 58, 32, 90, 94, 35, 63, 
 36, 9, 66, 38, 4, 9, 27; i-na-ad-di-is-si, 24, 55, 
 64; i-na-ad-di-il-si-im, 23, 20, 29, 32; a-na- 
 ad-di-ik-kum, 26, 54; i-na-ad-di-nu, 15, 26, 
 17, 44, 20, 38, 30, 52; i-na-ad-di-nu-si, 32, 
 30; i-na-ad-di-nu-si-im, 23, 1, 11; i-na-ad- 
 di-nu-lim, 30, 85; na-di-in, 3, 65, 7, 19, 49; 
 na-da-nim, 6, 68; na-da-nam, 30, 72, 31, 31. 
 I, 2, it-ta-di-in, 11, 56, 17, 18, 37, 90, 38, 69. 
 
 it-ta-din, 19, 78; it-ta-ad-nu-si-im, 30, 92. 
 I, 3, it-ta-an-di-in, 19, 60, 70. 
 IV, 1, in-na-ad-di-in, 10, 48, 11, 38; in-na-ad- 
 di-is-sum, 10, 38, 68, 11, 10; in-na-ad-di-is- 
 li-im, 23, 51; in-na-ad-nu, 23, 8; in-na-ad- 
 nu-sum, 12, 61, 16, 35, 18, 72, 38, 38, 48, 65. 
 
 NADINANU, seller: na-di-na-nu-um, 7, 38, 8, 4; na-di-na- 
 nu-um-mi, 7, 9; na-di-na-an-su, 39, 70; na- 
 di-na-nim, 7, 45, 8, 9; na-di-na-ni-su, 39, 63. 
 
 NUDUNNU, gift from groom to bride at marriage, marriage- 
 jointure: nu-du-un-na-am, 29, 7, 31; nu-du- 
 na-am, 28, 82. 
 
 NIDITU, waste space, neglected spot: ni-di-tam, 16, 30, 31. 
 
i". Glossary ' ■ 175 
 
 NAZAZU, I, 1, to stand, to serve; iz-za-zli, 2, 11. ' ■ 
 
 II, 1, mu-^a-az, 32, 51. 
 
 III, 1, li-is-zi-iz, 43, 91. 
 
 NAZAKU, I, 1, cut off, separate: i-na-za-ak, 16, 25, 28, 58. 
 I, 2, it-ta-sa-ak, 37, 33. 
 Ill, 1, to cut off, efface, destroy: u-sa-az-zi-ik, 
 
 42, 6; u-sa-zi-ik, 41, 74; mu-sa-zi-kam, 40, 
 
 92. 
 NAmJ, II, 1, to pacify, to allay: mu-ni-ib, 3, 58; u-na-ab- 
 
 bu-su, 44, 62, 
 NA^iASU, II, 1, to supply in abundance: mu^na-ab-bi-isi 2, 
 
 10. . , 
 NU^SU, abundance, plenty: nu-ub-si-im, 1, 55, 2, 40, 53, 4, 
 
 5, 16. . ' : 
 
 NITLU, look, staring in: ni-ti-il, 42, 70. 
 NIKKAZZU, account, credit: ni-ik-ka-az-zi-im, 17, 53. 
 NAKASU, I, 1, to cut, to cut down: ik-ki-is, 16, 7; i-na-ak- 
 
 ki-is, 39, 102; i-na-ak-ki-su, 33, 9, 40, 44, 34, 
 
 3, 37, 82, 35, 42; i-na,ki-su, 34, 83. 
 I, 2, it-ta-ki-is, 37, 18, 31. 
 NAKARU, I, 1, to be. different, to be hostile, to dispute: ik-ki- 
 
 ru, 18, 10, 20, 63. 
 
 I, 2, it-ta-ki-ir, 17, 59, 20, 16; it-ta^kiUr-su, 
 18, 5, 20, 60; it-ta-ak-ru-su, 20, 49. 
 
 II, l,u-na-ak-ki-ir, 41, 72; u-na-ki-ir, 42, 10. 
 II, 2, ut-ta-ak-ki-ir, 2, 2, 38, 67^ 42, 32; ut-ta- 
 
 ak-ka-ru, 44, 88; ut-ta-ka-ru, 42, 56. 
 NAKRIT, enemy: na-ak-ru-um, 17, 26; na-ki-ir-su, 43,90; 
 
 na-ki-ri, 2, 68; na-ak-ri, 40, 30; na-ak-ri- 
 
 su, 44, 20. 
 NUKURTU, enmity: nu-ku-ur-tum, 39, 74; . nu-ku-ur-ti- 
 
 iu, 44, 22. . 
 NEMELU, success: ne-me-lam, 17, 9. 
 NEM£KU, wisdom: ne-me-ga-am, 43, 3; ne-me-ki-ia, 40, 
 
 57. 
 NAMARU, II, 1, to enlighten: nu-wu-ri-im, 1, 44, 42, 69; 
 
 mu-na-wi-ir, 4, 34. 
 NUMATTU, furniture, property: nu-ma-at, 9, 57, 60, 11, 53. 
 
176 The Code of 5ammurabi 
 
 NINDABCF, offering, sacrifice: iii-in-da-bi-e, 3, 44. 
 NISt), I, 1, to break loose, to storm: li-is-si, 43, 78. 
 NASAJJU, I, 1, to cut off, to disinherit, to uproot: az-zu-ulj, 
 
 40, 31; li-zu-ub, 41, 92; li-iz-zu-ufe-su, 43, 
 
 30; i-nn-za-ab, 28, 24, 36, a-na-za-ab, 28, 14; 
 
 i-na-za-bu, 33, 22; na-sa-ab, 43, 28; na-sa- 
 
 bi-im, 28, 11, 20, 27, 32, 83. 
 IV, 1, in-na-az-za-ab, 26, 32; in-na-za-bu, 44, 
 
 63. 
 NISjgEATU, draft, levy(?), desertion( ?) : ni-is-ba-tim, 11, 
 
 41. 
 NISMATU, will, desire: ni-is-ma-zu, 3, 1. 
 NASKU, weighty: na-as-ga, 40, 81, 41, 99. 
 NAPigU, I, 1, to rise: na-bi-bi, 4, 59. 
 
 IV, 1, to break out: in-na-bi-ilj, 9, 53. 
 NIPLU, exchange, surety (JoH>fs): ni-ip-la-tim, 12, 54, 
 
 60. 
 NAPASU, II, 1, to set at ease; li-na-ab-bi-is, 41, 19. 
 NAPISTU, life: na-bi-is-ti, 43, 12; na-bi-is-tum, 9, 46; 
 
 na-bi-is-tim, 3, 66, 5, 65, 43, 18; na-pis- 
 
 ti-su, 42, 93; na-bi-is-ta-su, 44, 66; na-ab- 
 
 sa-tam, 4, 2. 
 NASARU, I, 1, to watch, to guard, to be circumspect: is-sur, 
 
 22, 20; li-sur, 41, 67; i-na-sa-ar, 15, 76, 22, 
 
 15; i-na-.sa-ru, 30, 47; na-as-ra-at, 23, <'>6, 
 
 24, 6. 
 NAKBU, a hollow, cavern: na-ga-ab, 4, 10; na-ak-bi-im, 
 
 sources, springs, 43, 8, 70. 
 NAKIDU, herdsman [NA.KAD] : 38, 22. 
 NAKARU, I, 1, to tear apart, to repair: i-na-kar, 36, 21. 
 NARCT, tablet, monument, inscription: na-ru-um, 41, 84; na- 
 
 ru-i, 41, 9, 15; na-ru-ia, 40, 75, 41, 66, 79, 42, 
 
 4, 20. 
 NARU, river: ""nam, 5, 39, 41, 42, 47, 53, 22, 5; narftti-su, 
 
 43,7. 
 NtJRU, light: nu-ri-im, 5, 6. 
 NARAMU, beloved: na-ra-am, 3, 10. 
 NERTU, (capital) crime: ne-ir-tam, 5, 28. 
 
Glossary 177 
 
 NASO, I, 1, to bear, to lift up, to carry, to dedicate: ii-si-ma, 
 
 9, 59, 31, 63; na-su-u, 17, 27; na-si, 12, 7, 
 
 13, 23, 52, 57. 
 IV, 3, it-ta-na-as-si, 6, 5, 8, 24; it-ta-na-as-si-si, 
 . 24, 81, 31, 8. 
 NiSU, lifting (of the hand), a particle of swearing: ni-is, 3, 
 
 56,9,11, 17,29,21,74,37,41. 
 NiSU, usually in plural: people, relatives, family: ni-si, 1, 47, 
 
 2, 50, 4, 12, 30, 5, 16, 24, 40, 35, 50, 41, 23, 35, 
 
 43, 12; ni-si(g), 1, 12, 4, 45; ni-si-su, 2, 41, 
 
 4, 38, 9, 49, 41, 93, 42, 16, 74, 92, 44, 33, 
 
 47, 80. 
 NASPAKU, heap, bin: na-as-pa-ki-im, 19, 3, 8, 20, 29; na- 
 
 as-pa-kam, 20, 11; na-as-pa-ku-tim, 20, 5. 
 NISKU, bite: ni-si-ik, 44, 03. 
 
 NAt'ALU, I, 2, to lie: it-ta-ti-il, 21, 62, 25, 78, 26, 8, 21. 
 NITRARU, help, assistance: nit-ra-ru-su, 2, 69. 
 SAIJMASTU, revolt: za-ab-ma-as-tam, 44, 6. 
 SAKAPU, I, 1, to overthrow: li-is-ki-ip, 43, 21. 
 SAKALU, I, 1, to play the part of a fool: i-za-ak-ki-il, 23, 
 
 40. 
 SIKILTU, the part of a fool: zi-ki-il-tam, 23, 39. 
 SAKARU, I, 1, to dam up: li-is-ki-ir, 43, 9. 
 SULUPPU, dates [KA.LUM] : 36, 41. 
 SIMTU, appointments, adorned with: zi-ma-at, 3, 24; zi-ma- 
 
 tim, 3, 63. 
 SANAKU, II, 1, to restrain, to tie up: u-sa-an-ni-ik, 37, 59. 
 SAPA^U, II, 1, to scatter, to neglect: u-za-ap-pa-ab, 23, 41, 
 
 24,8. 
 SAP5U, scattered: sa-ap-ha-tim, 2, 50. 
 
 SIPARRU, bronze [UD.KA.BAR]: 34, 57, 61, 76, 80, 86, 90. 
 SCTKU, street, market: zu-ga-am, 37, 44. 
 SARARU, II, 1, to be dishonest: u-sa-ar-ri-ir, 38, 66. 
 PtJ, mouth, command, scale: pi, 5, 22, 14, 64, 38, 57, 42, 95; 
 
 pl-su, 42, 79, 44, 87. 
 PAGRU, body, self: [paj-gar-sa, 22, 14, 19. 
 PADARU, I, 1, to ransom: ip-tu-ra-as-su-ma, 11, 18; i-pa- 
 
 dar, 20, 3; i-pa-ad-da-ar, 11,24; i-pa-ad-da- 
 
178 The Code of ^Jammurabi 
 
 ri-su, 11, 34; pa-da-ri-im, 11, 21; pa-da-ri- 
 
 su, 11, 26, 32. 
 IV, 1, ip-pa-ad-dar, 11, 29. 
 PAZARU, III, 1, to provide a hiding place: mu-us-pa-az- 
 
 zi-ir, 4, 11. 
 PAIJU, II, 1, to bargain for: u-pi-ib, 12, 52. 
 PU33U, instead of, in place of : pu-ba-am, 11,45; pu-ulj-su, 
 
 10, 5. 
 Pig:ATU, obligation: pi-ba-zu, 37, 97. 
 Pigtr, I, 1, to build: ip-bi, 36, 6, 12. 
 PA^JARU, II, 1, to collect, to assemble: mu-pa-ab-bi-ir, 2, 
 
 49. 
 PUIJIIU, assembly: pu-ub-ri-im, 6, 23, 33, 79; pubri-su- 
 
 nu, 44, 74. 
 PATU, boundary, jurisdiction: pa-ti-su-nu, 9, 40. 
 PAL0, reign: pall, 42, 64; pall-ia, 42, 47, 43, 98; pali-su, 
 
 43, 53. 
 PALA5U, I, 1, to fear, to worship: pa-li-ib, 1, 31. 
 PALASU, II, 2, to look with longing: up-ta-al-li-is, 26, 39. 
 PALASU, I, 1, to bore through, to make a breach: ip-lu-us, 9, 
 
 16. 
 PILSU, breach: pi-il-si-im, 9, 18, 20, 70. 
 PANU, front, beginning: pa-ni, 4, 35, 9, 17, 10, 54, 37, 70; 
 
 pa-ni-im, 30, 37, 40; pa-ni-su, 22, 42, 78, 24, 
 
 22, 33, 72, 28, 31; pa-ni-sa, 23, 37, 29, 29, 30, 
 
 27; pa-nam, 28, 12, 32, 84. 
 PASASU, II, 2, to blot out, to abolish: up-ta-az-zi-is, 42, 28. 
 PASUTTU, ring(y), muzzle(?) [SA.SAL]: pasutti-su, 37, 
 
 32. 
 PAKU, I, 1, to receive into one's care, to be intrusted with: 
 
 i-pa-ak, 39, 96. 
 PAKADU, I, 1, to deliver to, to intrust, to have control of: ip- 
 
 ki-zum, 37,75; i-pa-ak-ki-du, 30, 44; pa-ki- 
 
 id, 2, 66. 
 PASARU, III, 2 (c/. pazaru), to hide, to restrain: us-tap-si- 
 
 ir-si-na-ti, 40, 58. 
 PARASU, I, 1, to decide, to investigate, to inquire into: ip-ru- 
 
 us, 6, 9; li-ip-ru-us, 41, 90; ap-ru-su, 41, 71, 
 
Glossaky ■ 179 
 
 83; i-par-ra-su, 28, 17, 29, 21, 30, 38; pa-ra- 
 
 si-im, 40, 72. 
 IV, 1, ip-pa-ar-ra-as-ma, 8, 65, 23, 65. 
 PURUSSC, decision: pu-ru-za-am, 6, 8; pu-ru-za-si-na, 
 
 41, 89; pu-ru-zi-im, 42, 88; pu-ru-zi-e, 40, 
 
 71, 41, 70, 82. 
 PARSU, decree, shrine: pa-ar-si, 2, 64. 
 PASA^U, I, 1, to be healed, to be cured: i-pa-as-se-hu, 44, 
 
 58. 
 PASATU, I, 1, to efface: ip-si-it, 42, 34. 
 PUSKU, need, straits, barriers: pu-us-ki, 40, 19; pu-us- 
 
 ki-im, 4, 89. 
 PASARU, I, 1, to trade: pa-sa-ri-im, 17, 36. 
 PITtr, I, 1, ip-te, 15, 33, 40, 20, 11, 34, 62, 81, 91; pa-ti-a-at, 
 
 43, 94. 
 
 I, 2, to open up, to break, to develop: ip-te-te, 13, 23, 
 
 18, 39. 
 
 II, 1, u-[pi-]it-ti, 40, 20. 
 IV, 1, ib-bi-tu-u, 15, 18. 
 IV, 2, it-te-[ip-til, 15, 14. 
 
 SABU, soldier, army: 11, 41; sftb-su, 44, 17, 79. 
 
 SIBtr, III, 2, to surround, to make firm: us-te-is-bi, 35, 96; 
 
 mu-ul-te-if-bi, 2, 62. 
 SABATU, I, 1, to take, to seize, to capture: is-ba-at, 8, 53, 
 
 10, 61; is-ba-tu, 24, 77; is-ba-zu, 19, 56, 76; 
 
 i-sa-ba-tu, 25, 43, 51; sa-ab-tu, 7, 8, 16, 64; 
 
 sa-ba-ti-sa, 25, 31. 
 I, 2, is-sa-ba-at, 7, 5, 22, 67; is-sa-ab-tu, 11, 1; 
 
 is-sa-ab-tam-ma, 18, 31; is-sa-ab-tu-su, 21, 
 
 63, 25, 79; is-sa-ba-az-zi, 24, 69. 
 
 III, 1, u-sa-az-bi-tu, 40, 8. 
 
 IV, 1, is-sa-bi-it, 21, 73. 
 
 IV, 2, it-ta-as-bat, 21, 46; it-ta-as-ba-at, 9, 2, 
 
 25, 29, 22, 3, 26, 29, 37, 81. 
 SABITANU, captor: sa-bi-ta-ni-su, 9, 7. 
 SIBTU, interest: si-ba-su, 14, 38, 54; si-ib-ti-su, 14, 62; 
 
 si-ib-tam, 14, 15; si-ba-a-at, 17, 1. 
 SHjfiRU, I, 1, to be small: si-bi-ir, 10, 42. 
 
180 The Code of |J.ammueabi 
 
 SIJjfiEU, IV, 1, to be diminished: uz-za-ab-bi-ir, 38, 55; 
 
 [uz]-za-ab-bi-ir, 38, 53. 
 SimjIRU, small, young, minor: si-ib-ri-im, 27, 55, 65; si- 
 
 ib-ra-am, 8, 27, 32, 32, 40, 60, 76; si-ib-bi-ru, 
 
 30, 24; si-ib-bi-ru-tim, 30, 48. 
 SILU, protection: si-li, 40, 46. 
 SALOLU, protection, protector: 2, 48. 
 
 SALMU, black (salmat gagadam, Black-Head race, i. e., man- 
 kind): sa-al-ma-at, 41, 86; salmat, 1, 41, 40, 
 
 11. 
 SALMU, statue, image: sa-lam, 44, 38; salmi-ia, 40, 76, 
 
 41, 6. 
 SALTU, warrior: sal -turn, 4, 27. 
 SUMBU, wagon [is.MAR.QID.DA]: 38, 100, 39, 4. 
 SIMDU, bandage: zi-im-di, 44, 61. 
 SIMITTU, scale, agreement: si-im-da-at, 14, 64. 
 SIMMU, wound, injury: si-im-mi-im, 35, 6; si-im-ma-am, 
 
 35, 21; zi-im-ma-am, 34, 7, 56, 75, 35, 30, 44, 
 
 57; zi-ma-am, 34, 84. 
 SlNU, wicked, evil: si-nam, 1, 35, 41, 92. 
 SlNU, sheep ['U-LUJ: 'U-LU.ZUN, 11, 67, 15, 48, 52, 58, 65, 
 
 71, 73, 38, 23, 46, 54, 63, 73, 86. 
 SfiNU, I, 1, to fill with something, to load: •i-.si-en-si, 36, 
 
 44. 
 SlNU, cargo: si-nim, 36, 43. 
 SIRU, high, lofty, noble: si-ru-um, 1, 1; si-ra-am, 1, 17; 
 
 si-ir-tim, 44, 41. 
 SfiEU, field: si-ri-im, 8, 52, 37, 3, 44, 15. 
 SARARU, I, 1, to threaten, to do violence unto, to attempt 
 
 fraud: sa-ar, 8, 1, 22. 
 SARRtTTI, outlaws, rowdies, traitors: sa-ar-ru-tum, 18, 27; 
 
 sa-ar-ru-tim, 18, 30. 
 SARRATI, threats: sa-ar-ra-tim, 5, 58. 
 SATU, future time, eternity: sa-at, 41, 60. 
 KALU, I, 1, to give attention to: i-gul, 42, 5, 22; li-gul, 41, 
 
 79. 
 KIBO, I, I, to speak, to say, to order: ik-bi-sum, 14, 28; ik- 
 
 bu-u, 5, 60; li-ik-bi, 41, 40, 42, 80; i-ga-ab- 
 
■ '■'' Glossary 181 
 
 bi, 39, 92; i-ga-ab-bu, 7, 37; ga-bu-u, 10, 1; 
 
 ga-bi-a-at, 44, 52. 
 I, 2, ik-ta-bi, 7, 12, 17, 13, 63, 21, 12, 23, 46, 53, 62, 
 
 26, 42, 55, 70, 28, 14, 47, 65, 33, 7, 39, 99. 
 KABLU, battle, (personified) warrior: ga-ba-al, 3, 71, 44, 26; 
 
 kablu, 43, 93, 44, 2; ga-ab-la-tim, 40, 30. 
 KIBITU, speech, command: ki-bi-it, 40, 84; ki-be-zu, 42, 
 
 55; ki-be-zn,42, 83. 
 KADRU, wild, enraged: ka-ad-ru-um, 3, 8. 
 KADISTU [SAL. ?NU.GIG J, votary: 31,61. 
 KALtJ, I, 1, to burn: i-kal-lu-u-si, 18, 44; i-kal-lu-u-su- 
 
 nu-ti, 26, 23. 
 KAMtr, I, 1, to burn: li-ik-me, 44, 34. 
 KINAZU, scourge, whip: 33, 80. 
 KANNU, vicinity, common: ka-an-nu, 15, 68. 
 KAPU, I, 2, to fall in: ik-tu-up, 35, 97. 
 KAPU, I, 1, to intrust, to lend: i-ki-ip, 17,69; [i']-ki-ip-su, 
 
 37, 74. 
 KAKKADU, head, principal: 1, 41, 40, 11; ga-ga-ad, 17, 22; 
 
 ga-ga-di-su, 41, 86. 
 KARABU, I, 1, to be present: kir-bu, 8, 15. 
 KIRBU, KIRBITU, interior, middle: kir-bu-um, 4, 42, 50; 
 
 ki-ri- ib-su, 44, 59; kir-bi-it, 44, 47. 
 KARNU, horn [SI]: kar-ni-su, 37, 57; karni-su, 37, 30. 
 KARRADU, warrior: 2, 32; gar-ra-du-um, 43, 82; gar-ra- 
 
 di-su, 44, 8. 
 KURADU, warrior: ku-ra-di-im, 3, 60. 
 KARASU, II, 2, to slander: ug-tar-ri-zu, 26, 66. 
 KASU, I, 1, to give, to grant: i-ki-su, 4, 1. 
 KISTU, present, gift, wages: ki-is-ti, 11, 59, 27, 44; ki-is- 
 
 ti-su, 35, 62, 36, 8. 
 KATU, hand, possession: ga-at, 6, 48, 9, 6, 33, 27; ga-ti, 7, 
 
 4, 12. 1; ga-ti-iu, 3, 56, 6, 38, 7, 7, 8, 70, 9, 1, 
 
 18, 54, 32, 57, 60, 37, 80; ga-zu, 42, 60. 
 KATCT, III, 1, to bring to an end, to cut off: li-sa-ak-ti, 43, 
 
 56; li-sa-[ak]-ti-su, 44, 36. 
 R£'U, I, 1, to rule, to feed, to be shepherd: ri-im, 38, 24, 64; 
 
 ri-[imj, 38, 47. 
 
182 The Code of IJammurabi 
 
 Rfi'tr, shepherd, herdsman [SIB]: 4, 45, 15, 46, 56, 71, 75, 
 38, 61, 78, 82, 84, 40, 43; [38, 44]; ri-i-a-um, 
 
 1, 51. 
 
 Rfi'CTTU, government, guardianship: ri-u-zi-na, 40, 13. 
 RABU, to restore, to compensate: I, 1, i-ri-a-ab, 6, 66, 15, 
 
 20, 21, 2, 36, 37, 55, 37, 13, 21, 38, 43, 75; 
 i-ri-ab, 34, 88, 35, 86, 37, 87; i-ri-a-ab-sum, 
 36, 80; i-ri-a-ab-bu-sum, 9, 45; ri-a-ba-am, 
 15, 21. 
 
 E.ABU, II, 1, to make great, to enlarge, to bring up, to cultivate : 
 u-ra-ab-bu-u, 30, 49; u-ra-ab-ba, 16,16, 23, 
 3; u-ra-ab-bu-su, 32, 69; u-ra-ab-bu-u-su, 
 32, 79; u-ra-ab-ba-su, 10, 50; mu-ra-bi-su, 
 32, 87, 33, 3, 15; mu-ra-bi-ti-su, 33, 5; mu- 
 ra-bi-zu, 33, 17. 
 
 II, 2, ur-ta-ab-bu-u, 23, 5; ur-ta-ab-bi-lu, 32,36. 
 
 Ill,- 1, to enlarge, to make great: u-sar-be-u-su, 1, 
 15; mu-sar-bu-u, 4, 19, 42, 57; mu-sar-be, 
 
 2, 5. 
 
 RABtr, great [GAL]: ra-bu-u, 33, 77; ra-bi-um, 42, 98, 
 
 43, 14, 82; ra-bi-im, 40, 85, 44, 30; ra-bi-tum, 
 42, 82; ra-bi-tim, 18, 18; ra-bi-tam, 43,48; 
 ra-bi-ti-su, chief wife? 26, 27; ra-bu-tim, 3, 
 45; ra-bu-u-tim, 2,64; rabuti, 4,66,40,40, 
 
 44, 70; ra-be-a-tim, 43, 102. 
 
 RUBtr, prince [NUN]: 42, 98; ru-bu-um, 3,55,4,32,42,45; 
 
 ru-ba-am, 1, 29. 
 RIBtr, fourth: ri-bu-tim, 13, 24, 19, 64. 
 RABIANU, mayor, prefect: ra-bi-a-nu-um, 9, 38, 47. 
 RABASU, III, 1, to make to rest: u-sar-be-i.s, 40, 37. 
 RIBITU, large place, broadway, boulevard: ri-bi-tim, 4, 52. 
 RAGGU, wicked: ra-ga-am, 1, 35, 41, 91. 
 RAGAMU, I, 1, to complain, to make complaint: ir-gu-mu, 
 
 21, 21; i-ra-ag-gu-um, 27,4, 21; i-ra-ag-gu- 
 mu, 28, 79, 29, 68. 
 
 RUGUMMCT, penalty (sought for and imposed) (Johns): ru- 
 gu-um-me-e, 8, 10; ru-gu-um-ma-am, 6, 18, 
 19, 36, 20, 51, 37, 50. 
 
Glossary 183 
 
 ,RIDU, I, 1, to drive, to conduct, to produce, to rule: ir-di-a- 
 
 am, 8, 20, 18, 33; i-ri-id-di-su, 8, 63. 
 I, 2, ir-te-di, 11, 47; ir-te-di-a-as-su, 8, 55; mu- 
 
 ur-te-di-su, 38, 101. 
 RIDO, government: ri-dam, 40, 7, 41, 80. 
 RID-SABfi, recruiting officer; one who impresses men for the 
 
 corv6e: rid-sabe, 9,66, 10,7,13,30, 51, 11,13, 
 
 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 69, 12, 1, 6, 12, 22, 51, 56. 
 RAHLU, curse: ra-ab, 42, 60. 
 
 RAglSU, I, 2, to inundate: ir-ta-hi-is, 13, 42, 14, 4. 
 RATABU, II, 1, to wet, to alter, to cancel: u-ra-ad-da-ab, 
 
 14, 14. 
 RAKCT, I, 2, to harbor, to shelter: ir-ta-ki, 8, 43. 
 RAKABU, II, I, to manage: u-ra-ak-ki-ib, 16, 72; ru-ku- 
 
 bi-im, 16, 61. 
 RAKASU, I, 1, to bind together, to contract with: ir-ku-su, 
 
 substitute, 33, 38. 
 
 I, 2, ir-ta-ka-as, 33, 33. 
 
 II, 1, contract with: u-ra-ak-ki-zu, 37, 76. 
 II, 2, ur-ta-ak-ki-is, 25, 32. 
 
 IV, 1, collect: it-tar-ka-su, 18, 29. 
 RIKISTU, bond: ri-ik-sa-tim, 6,51, 20,40,45; ri-ik-sa-ti- 
 
 su, 13, 69, 15, 5, 38, 57; ri-ik-sa-ti-sa, 21,38. 
 RAMU, I, 1, to love: a-ra-am-mu, 40, 94; i-ra-am-mu, 25, 
 
 22; ra-i-ma-at, 43, 98. 
 RIMU, wild bidl: ri-mu-um, 3, 7. 
 RAMANU, reflexive pronoun, self: ra-ma-an-su, 11, 23; ra- 
 
 ma-ni-su, 35, 91, 36, 1, 22; ra-ma-ni-sa, 39, 5. 
 RAPASU, II, I, to enlarge: mu-ra-ab-bi-is, 3, 4. 
 RISBATU, quarrel, altercation: ri-is-ba-tim, 34, 5. 
 Rfi'sU, helper: ri-zu-u-a, 43, 67; ri-si-su, 2, 36. 
 RAStJ, I, 1, to acquire, to appropriate, to receive: ir-su-u, 27, 
 
 52, 29, 82, 30, 2, 14; ir-si-a, 40, 92; i-ra-as- 
 
 su-u, 12, 33, 41, 5. 
 I, 2, ir-ta-si, 11, 42, 32, 82, 36, 18, 39, 69. 
 Ill, 1, grant, allow: u-sar-su-su, 22, 76; u'-sar-si, 
 
 44, 18; u-sar-si-su, 24, 30, 27, 10, 44, 46; 
 
 u-sar-si-si-na-ti, 40, 39. 
 
184 The Code of JIammurabi 
 
 RfiSU, beginning, head, turret.: ri-es, 2, 43, 39, 10; ri-si-su,, 
 
 40, 65. 
 R£STU, chief, first-born: ri-es-tu-um, 43, 83; ri-es-ti-ini, 
 
 I, 9. 
 
 RASADU, III, 1, to found: su-ur-su-da, 1, 25; mu-sar-si- 
 
 id, 2, 58; mu-sar-si-du, 4, 14. 
 RITTU, hand, fingers [UM.LAL]: 35, 41; ritti-su, 33, 43, 
 
 34, 83, 37, 82. 
 SA, relative pronoun, who, which, what; genitive particle. 
 SU, relative pronoun: 4, 1, D, 29. 
 §t), demonstrative pronoun: su-u, 10, 28, 12, 4, 11; fern, si, 
 
 plur. fern, sinati: si-na-ti, 42, 36. 
 Sfi'U, I, 2, to care for, to provide: is-te-i-si-na-sim, 40, 18. 
 
 I, 3, to search for: is-te-ne-i, 21, 5. 
 §E'U, grain, corn [§E]: 6, 1, 12, 66, 13, 3, 8, 52, 70, 14, 8, 
 
 II, 22, 25, 30, 33, 37, 49, 15, 19, 21, 37, 17, 34, 
 18, 17, 21, 49, 19, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 19, 28, 20, 
 12, 13, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28, 36, 41, 37, 86, 38, 92, 
 95, 98, 39, 1; se-am, 15, 2; se-su, 20, 5, 18; 
 se-su-nu, 15, 28. 
 
 §ABtl, II, 1, to attack, to control: su-ub-bi-im, 42, 59. 
 SiBU, elder, witness: si-bu, 7, 30, 33; si-bu-iu, 8, 15; si- 
 
 bi, 6, 50, 7, 10, 14, 21, 25, 51, 55, 63, 17, 61, 18, 
 
 7, 20, 39, 44, 57. 
 SlBtTTU, testimpny, witness: si-bu-ut, 5, 59, 68. 
 SiBULTU, goods for transportation: si-bu-ul-tim, 18, 57, 
 
 64, 73. 
 SABARU, I, 1, to break: is-bi-ir, 37, 30; li-is-bi-ir, 42, 
 
 51, 43, 87, 44, 4; i-se-ib-bi-ru, 33, 53. 
 I, 2, is-te-bi-ir, 33, 51, 57, 63, 37, 16. 
 SEBIRTU, broken: se-bi-ir-tam, 35, 1. 
 SUBTU, dwelling, dwelling-place, settlement: su-ba-at, 2, 31, 
 
 59, 28, 86; su-ub-ti-su, 42, 62; su-ba-ti-si- 
 
 in, 4, 15. 
 SUGSTU, concubine: su-ge-tum, 24, 40; su-ge-tim, 22, 
 
 74, 24, 20, 31, 32, 3, 17; su-ge-tam, 24, 2(5, 36. 
 SADALU, II, 1, to extend, to multiply: li-sa-ad-di-il-su, 43, 
 
 58; mu-sa-ad-di-il, 3, 18. 
 
Glossaky 185 
 
 SfiDU, divinity: se-du-um, 41, 48. 
 
 SA5tr, swine, pig [SAS] : 6, 58. 
 
 SA5ARU, III, 2, to surround: mu-us-ta-as-bi-ir, 2, 60. 
 
 SATARU, I, 1, to write, to assign to, to deed: as-tur, 40, 75; 
 as-tu-ru, 41, 67, 79, 42, 4, 21; is-tur-sum, 27, 
 38; is-tur-si-im, 30, 73, 31, 32, 83, 32, 9; is- 
 tu-ru-ii-im, 28, 84, 30, 67, 69, 31, 26, 28; i-la- 
 ad-dar, 12, 36; i-sa-ad-da-ar, 12, 28. 
 
 I, 2, is-ta-dar, 42, 35; i-sa-ad-dar, 17, 3, 39. 
 SATRU, written: sa-at-ra-am, 41, 10, 42, 33. 
 SAKAKU, I, 1, to harrow: i-sa-ak-ka-ak, 13, 14, 29. 
 SAKANU, I, 1, to set, fix, place, appoint: is-ku-un, 21, 39; 
 
 as-ku-un, 5, 23; li-is-ku-un-sum, 43, 30, 44, 
 7; i-sa-ak-ka-an, 20, 41; i-sa-ka-nu-sum, 16, 
 33; i-sa-ak-ka-nu-sum-ma, 8,18,27,71; i-sa- 
 ak-ka-an-si, 24, 57; i-sa-ak-ka-nu-si, 25, 66; 
 sa-ak-na-at, 43, 18; sa-ki-in, 2, 39, 4, 36. 
 
 I, 2, ii-ta-ka-an, 22, 79, 23, 43, 24, 23, 34, 73, 
 28, 12, 29, 30, 30, 28, 32, 84; is-ta-ak-ka-an, 
 19, 67, 28, 75, 39, 87; is-ta-ka-an-su, 34, 8. 
 
 Ill, 1, li-sa-as-ki-in, 42, 97. 
 
 III, 2, mu-us-ta-ak-ki-in, 3, 62. 
 
 IV, 1, is-sa-ak-ka-an, 17, 54. 
 glKARU, drink, liquor [GAS]: 18, 16, 20, 40, 46. 
 SA'ALU, I, 2, to decide, to give advice: mu-us-ta-lum, wise, 
 
 adviser, 3, 36. 
 SULUggU, shrine, sanctuary [SU.LUU] : 2, 1. 
 SALt), I, 1, to throw one's self into, to plunge into: is-li-a-am, 
 
 5, 53; i-sa-al-li, 22, 6; i-sa-al-li-a-am-ma, 
 
 5,41. 
 SALALU, IV, 1, to be captured: is-sa-li-il, 22, 8, 28, 38. 
 SALAMU, I, 2, to be safe, unharmed: is-ta-al-ma-am, 5, 49. 
 
 II, 1, u-sa-lam, to make good, restore: 20, 79,38, 
 87; u-sa-lam-li-im-ma, 23, 23, 26, 15; u-sa- 
 lam-sim-ma, 25, 8; u-sa-la-mu-si-im, 29, 10; 
 mu-sa-al-li-niu-um, guardian, protecting, 40, 
 43. 
 
 III, 2, u3-ta-li-im, heal, 35, 2. 
 
186 The Code of gAMMUKABi 
 
 SULMU, health, peace: su-ul-mi-im, 40, 17, 55. 
 SULMANiS, peacefully: su-ul-ma-ni-is, 4, 44. 
 SALAMTU, corpse: sa-al-ma-at, 44, 13. 
 SALSU, one-third: sa-lu-us, 13, 50; sa-lu-us-ti, 10, 40; 
 
 sa-lu-us-tam, 16, 09. 
 SAMCT, heaven [AN]: sa-me-e, 1, 4, 22, 40, 68, 43, 15, 41, 
 
 65, 68, 44, 70; samS, 40, 86; sa-ma-i, 2, 31. 
 SAMU, I, 1, to decide, to decree: i-si-im, 41, 35; i-si-mu, 4, 
 
 21; i-si-mu-sum, 1, 13; i-si-ma-[am], 40, 27; 
 
 li-si-im-sum, 42,72,43,63; sa-i-im, 1,6, 3,38. 
 II, 1, mu-li-im, 42, 54. 
 §AMU, I, 1, to buy, to purchase: i-sa-am, 39, 59, 68; a-sa- 
 
 am, 7, 11; i-sa-mu, 7, 23, 52; i-sa-am-mu, 
 
 12, 32, 47, 30, 56; se-e-im, 35, 39, 46. 
 I, 2, is-ta-am, 6, 52, 12, 2, 14, 39, 76. 
 IV, 1, is-sa-mu, 7, 32. 
 §1MU, price: 18,16; si-mu-um, 7, 31; simi-su, 33, 64, 34, 
 
 94, 35, 33, 37, 25, 34; simi-sa, 36, 60. 
 §EMtr, I, 1, to hear, to be obedient: li-is-me, 41, 14; se-mu, 
 
 2,23. 
 Ill, 2, to cause to render obedience: mu-ui-te-is-mi, 
 
 5, 10. 
 gAMALLlj, agent, trader [SA.GAN.LAL] : 17, 13, 16, 29, 
 
 33, 38, 42, 46, 55, 63, 64, 69, 70; 18, 3, 6, 13; 
 
 samalll-su, 18, 9. 
 SAMMU, grass, vegetation, pasture: sa-am-mi, 15, 47. 
 SUMU, name: su-mi, 1, 49, 40, 94, 42, 33; su-ma-am, 42, 
 
 44, 44, 45; sum-su, 1, 17, 58, 3, 5, 6, 47, 19, 
 
 14, 51, 20, 34, 56, 36, 42, 42, 35, 76, 102. 
 SUMMA, if. 
 SAMANU, purchaser: sa-a-a-ma-nu, 39, 89; sa-a-a-ma-nu- 
 
 um, 7, 18, 43, 48, 57, 8, 7, 12, 44, 30, 53, 39, 64; 
 
 sa-a-a-ma-ni-su-nu, 19, 62. 
 SAMNU, oil [NT. IS]: 17,34,36,41. 
 SAMASSAMMU, sesame [SE.IZ.NI] : 14, 22, 25, 31, 33, 47, 
 
 49, 59, 15, 3. 
 SiMTU, destiny, contract, plural, decisions, fate: si-ma-at, 1, 
 
 7; li-im-tim, 8, 5, 26, 83, 27, 12, 40, 59, 79, 
 
Glossary 187 
 
 86, 28, 51, 67, 29, 86, 30, 77, 31, 36, 50, 67, 85, 
 32, 11, 23, 42, 71, 43, 62; si-im-tam, 38, 67; 
 si-ma-tu-su, 42, 99; si-ma-tim, 42, 54; si- 
 ma-ti-iu, 42, 52; si-ma-ti-sa, 19, 33. 
 
 dANU, III, 2, to duplicate, to double: us-ta-ia-an-na, 26, 58, 
 73; us-ta-sa-na, 17, 12, 20, 21, 64, 21, 22. 
 
 SAN0, SANITU, second, another: ia-nu-um, 10, 57; sa-ni- 
 im, 10, 20, 21, 44, 71,79, 22, 1, 16, 21, 33, 44, 
 62, 25, 63, 30, 25, 32; sa-ni-a-am, 31, 16, 33, 
 
 32, 37, 42, 37; si-ni-su, 28, 33, 30, 3, 15; sa- 
 ni-tim, 24, 70, 26, 38, 39, 88; sa-ni-tam, 23, 
 54, 27, 82. 
 
 § AN AN IT, I, 1, to be like, to rival: sa-ni-nam, 40,82,41,101. 
 
 I, 2, si-ta-an-nu, 43, 61. 
 SiNNU, tooth: si-iu-ui, 33,67,71; si-iu-ua-su, 33,70. 
 dASU, I, 2, to speak, to tell, to read: li-is-ta-ai-si, 41, 11. 
 SlSlTU, call, cry: si-si-it, 8, 44. 
 gfiPU, foot: s6pi-su, 37, 16. 
 SAPAIJU, II, 1, to disperse, to drive out: li-sa-ab-bi-ha-as- 
 
 sum,-42, 63. 
 IV, 1, na-as-pu-uh, 42, 74. 
 giPTU, judgment: si-ip-di-im, 42, 87. 
 SAPAKU, I, 1, to store: is-pu-uk, 20, 7, 26. 
 
 IV, 1, to be stored: is-sa-ap-ku, 20, 14. 
 SAPLIS, below, south: sa-ap-li-is, 40, 31, 41, 30, 43, 37. 
 SAPARU, I, 2, to send out, to commission: iz-za-par, 36, 
 
 17. 
 SiPRU, work, construction, handicraft: si-pi-ir, 32, 57, GO; 
 
 si-bi-ir-su, 8, 20, 36, 67, 95, 36, 13; si-ip- 
 
 ri-im, 12, 67; si-ip-ra-am, 16, 45, 49. 
 SIPATU, wool [SIG]: 17, 34, 36, 41. 
 gAKtr, I, 1, to water: li-is-ki, 44, 11. 
 
 Ill, 1, to pour out: mu-se-es-ki, 4, 4. 
 SAKALU, I, 1, to weigh, to pay: ii-ku-lu, 7, 46, 20, 1; 39, 
 
 65, 91, 94; i-sa-kal, 16, 9, 19, 25, 50, 20, 2, 
 
 33, 59, 65, 74, 87, 91, 34, 19, 22, 30, 40, 44, 
 50, 54, 94, 36, 84; i-sa-kal-si-im-ma, 26, 
 10; i-sa-ka-lu, 9, 50. 
 
188 The Code of IJammurabi 
 
 glKLU, shekel [TU]: 8, 56, 33, 91, 34, 28, 39, 49, 65, 68, 
 72, 35, 8, 11, 16, 61, 36, 7, 38, 13, 19. 
 
 SIKITU, watering, irrigation: si-ki-tim, 15, 33. 
 
 ^trkuRU, weighty: su-ku-ra-tim, 40, 74, 41, 13. 
 
 Sfiiu, flesh, well-being: si-ir, 1, 47, 5, 24,40, 33, 41, 93; 
 se-ir, 35, 3; si-ra-am, 41, 34; ser, 37, 32. 
 
 glRU, oracle: 43, 27. 
 
 SARAMU, II, 1, to pad, to protect, to blunt: u-sar-ri-im, 
 37, 58. 
 
 SARAKU, I, 1, to steal: is-ri-ik, 6, 34, 60, 37, 79, 91, 38, 
 12; is-ri-ku, 38, 71; sar-ra-ak, 6, 56, 7, 39, 
 58. 
 I, 2, is-ta-ri-ik, 8, 28, 38, 18. 
 
 SURGU, a thing stolen: su-ur-ga-am, 6, 37. 
 
 SARRAGANU, a thief: sar-ra-ga-nu-um, 6, 67; sar-ra- 
 ga-ni-su, 21, 6. 
 
 SARAKU, I, 1, to give, to present: is-ru-uk, 27, 37; is-ru- 
 uk-sim, 25, 14, 32, 19; is-ru-uk-si-im, 31, 65, 
 81, 32, 5; is-[ru-]uk-si-im, 31, 48; is-ru- 
 kam, 40, 12; is-ru-ku-sum, 41, 98; is-ru-ku- 
 si-im, 30, 65, 31, 24; i-lar-ra-ku-si, 32, 28. 
 I, 2, is-ta-ra-ak, 11, 58. 
 
 gERIKTU, gift, betrothal present: se-ri-ik-ti, 27, 19, 28, 3; 
 se-ri-ik-tim, 29, 75; se-ri-ik-ti-sa, 27, 2, 27; 
 se-ri-ik-tam, 23, 21, 29, 3(), 30, 11, 64, 31, 
 23, 47, 64, 80, 32, 4, 18, 27; se-ri-ik-ta-sa, 
 22, 81, 24, 2, 25, 5, 27, 5, 22, 30, 28, 81, 29, 
 
 9, 47, 54, 89. 
 
 gARRU, king: 1, 2, 63, 2, 22, 55, 3, 16, 70, 4, 23, 60, 5, 3, 10, 
 40, 77, 79, 41, 7, 62, 96, 42, 12, 40; sar-ru-um, 
 11, 59, 68, 21, 52, 40, 4, 10; sar-ri-im, 9, 68, 
 
 10, 16, 33, 11, 16, 44, 14, 65, 42, 96. 
 gARRtTTU, kingdom, kingship: sar-ru-zu, 42, 75, 43, 20, 
 
 103; sar-ru-tim, 2, 13, 5, 2, 42, 48, 43, 45, 57; 
 
 sar-ru-ti-su, 4, 20, 43, 29; sar-ru-ti-ia, 42, 
 
 58; sar-ru-tam, 1, 21. 
 gfiRTU, sin: se-ri-zu, 43, 48. 
 SfiRTU, sword, scimitar: se-ri-zu, 43, 43. 
 
Glossary 189 
 
 SISSU, six: si-si-im, 39, 15. 
 
 SUATU, demonstrative pronoun, that: su-a-ti, 5, 46, 6, 4, 
 14, 19, 44, 19, 77. 
 
 SfiTU, wall(?): ie-it, 44,75. 
 
 ^ATAPU, I, 1, to help: sa-ti-ip, 4, 38. 
 
 StTTURU, pre-eminent: su-tu-ru, 40, 80. 
 
 SATTU, year [MU]: 10, 62, 13, 19, 16, 15, 19, 61, 36, 86, 
 38, 3, 8, 26; sa-at-tim, 13, 2.5, 59, 14, 10, 16, 
 16, 18, 55, 19, 65, 36, 15, 39, 10, 16; sa-at-tam, 
 11, 5; ia-na-at, 20, 27; sa-na-[at] 36, 65; 
 sa-na-a-at, 42, 66, 43, 53; sa-na-tim, 16, 39. 
 
 SiTTU, two-thirds: si-it-ti-in, 16, 66. 
 
 TABU, I, 1, to sink, to run aground: te-bi-a-at, 36, 72. 
 
 II, 1, u-te-ib-bi, 36, 58; u-te-ib-bu-u, 36, 51, 78. 
 
 II, 2, ut-te-bi, 36, 33; ut-te-ib-bi, 36, 47, 71. 
 TEBCF, I, 1, to go forth, to storm: ti-i-ib, 2, 2. 
 
 III, 1, to send forth, to expel: u-se-it-bu-u-su, 6, 26. 
 TABKU, pouring out: ta-ba-ak, 42, 93. 
 
 TAB ALU, I, 1, to take, to take possession of: it-ba-al, 13, 44, 
 14, 6, 18, 63; it-ba-lam, 7, 23, 26, 53, 56, 65, 
 28, 29, 34; i-tab-ba-al, 5, 45, 56, 10, 12, 12, 
 62, 26, 46; ta-ba-al, 14, 27. 
 I, 2, at-tab-ba-al-si-na-ti, 40, 56. 
 
 TADMIKTU, favor: ta-ad-mi-ik-tim, 17, 17. 
 
 TAUAZU, battlo, coidlict: 43, 93, 44, 2. 
 
 TAKALU, II, 1, to make strong, to make seaworthy: u-tak-ki- 
 il, 36, 14. 
 
 TUKULTU, strength: tu-kul-ti, 43, 19. 
 
 TAKTlDA, end: ta-ak-ti-da, 39, 16. 
 
 TELU, hill, heap: 43, 79. 
 
 TULt), breast, bosom: tull-sa, 33, 39. 
 
 TALKtTTU, way: tal-ku-zu, 32, 85. 
 
 TALIMU, brother: ta-li-im, 2, 56. 
 
 TALAMU, III, 1, to intrust: u-sa-at-li-mu-nim, 40, 25. 
 
 TfiLlTU, exalted (?): te-li-tim, 3, 49. 
 
 TALITTU, birth-rate: ta-li-id-tam, 38, 56, 58. 
 
 TAMtr, I, 1, to swear, to take oath: i-tam-ma, 34, 12, 16, 35, 
 54. 
 
190 The Code of JJammukabi 
 
 TAMAIJU, II, 1, to seize: mu-tam-me-ib, 3, 47. 
 TAMIJAKU, hostile meeting, battle: tam-ba-ri-im, 43, 8G. 
 TAMKAEU, merchant, banker, broker [DAM-GAK]: 11, 18, 
 
 12, 39, 14, 19, 23, 39, 43, 55, 63, 66, 17, 13, 15, 
 23, 32, 40, 43, 49, 56, 60, 66, 68, 71, 18, 2, 8, 9, 
 19, 71, 20, 1, 25, 60, 39 94; tamkar-su, 17, 
 6, 58, 72, 19, 44. 
 
 TANfigU, sighing, sighs: ta-ne-hi-im, 42, 64, 43, 54. 
 TANATU, might, tyranny: ta-na-da-tim, 42, 1. 
 TEPTITU, development: te-ip-ti-tim, 13, 20. 
 TARU, I, 1, to return, restore: i-ta-ar, 6, 27, 12, 21, 59, 21, 
 76, 22, 53, 72, 30, 60, 32, 49, 64, 74. 
 
 I, 2, it-tu-ra-am, 10, 24, 65, 11, 8, 22, 48, 65; it-ta- 
 
 ru, 19, 78; li-it-ta-ar-ru-iu, 43, 6. 
 
 II, 1, u-ta-ar, 13, 16, 31, 14, 12, 55, 17, 23, 41, 19, 
 
 13, 26, 59, 74, 27, 32, 39, 63; u-ta-a-ar, 16, 
 47, 52; u-ta-ar-ru-su, 8, 67; u-ta-ar-ru-sum, 
 10, 27; u-ta^ar-ru-si-im, 22, 82; li-te-ir, 43, 
 80, 106, 44, 1; li-te-ir-su, 42, 49, 43, 4, 46, 71, 
 44, 44; li-te-ir-sum-ma, 43, 89; tu-ur-ru, 10, 
 17, 34, 11, 17; tu-ur-ri-im, 14, 57; mu-te-ir, 
 1, 64, 4, 55. 
 
 II, 2, ut-te-ir, 18, 1; ut-te-ir-sum, 27, 18, 26. 
 TARBITU, one brought up, foster-son, adopted son: tar-bi- 
 
 tum, 32, 37, 47, 62, 72; tar-bi-tim, 32, 55, 83. 
 TfiRTU, law: te-ri-tim, 3, 51. 
 TARBASU, stable, fold: 38, 76, 80, 81, 83, 85. 
 TIRJJATU, betrothal gift, marriage settlement: tir-ha-tum, 
 
 23, 25; tir-ha-tim, 27, 70; tir-ba-ti-sa, 23, 
 
 19, 27, 28; tir-ba-tam, 26, 37, 51, 63, 27, 14, 
 
 25. 
 TARASU, I, 1, to spread out: ta-ri-is, 40, 48. 
 
 III, 1, to point: u-sa-at-ri-is, 21, 28. 
 
 IV, 1, it-ta-ri-is, 21, 82. 
 TEgtr, revolt: te-si, 42, 59. 
 
 TASIMTU, wisdom, diplomacy: ta-si-im-tim, 2, 22; ta-si- 
 
 im-tam, 41, 76. 
 TUSSU, strife: tu-us-sa-am, 8, 2. 
 
Glossary 191 
 
 ameiu^T.KIT, 39, 39. 
 «"•«'" GA, 39, 31. 
 "™«i°GAB.A, 39, 25. 
 
 ameluK^D^ 39, 27. 
 ameiuKUL, 39,29. 
 «■"«!" NAGAR, nangaru, 39,35. 
 «"'<"" SA, 39, 37. 
 
 amelu ^ 39^ 33 
 
 ID, 36, 87, 89, 39, 23, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35, 37, 39; ID + su, 35, 
 27, 38, 49, 92, 95, 98; ID + sa, 39, 48, 50, 56. 
 
 AK.LU, 38, 1. 
 
 AN.gE.TIR, asnan, 43, 11. 
 
 UR.MAS, nSsu, 37, 4, 38, 78. 
 
 U.SA.KA.NI, 18, 46. 
 
 GAN.E, 13, 32, 15, 43, 61, 78, 16, 53, 37, 95. 
 
 GUD.DA.UR.RA, 36, 87. 
 
 GUD.UD.LID.SAG, 36, 89. 
 
 GIR.NI, 34, 58, 76, 80, 86, 90. 
 
 GUR, 36, 5, 39, 54. 
 
 GIS.APIN, 38, 11, 14. 
 
 GIS.APIN.TUKKIN, 38, 16. 
 
 GlS.GAN.UR, 38, 17. 
 
 GEg.TIN.NA, 18, 39, 41. 
 
 SAL.GES.TIN.NA, 18, 15, 22, 25, 34, 45. 
 
 KI.KAL, KANKAL, nidlitu, 13, 18, 16, 48. 
 
 KI.LAM, mabiru, 18, 20. 21. 
 
 MAL.GE.A, 18, 37. 
 
 NI.BA, 30, 84, 91. 
 
 NU.IS.SAR, amSlu urku, 16, 12, 13, 20, 27, 41, 60, 63, 
 71, 74. 
 
 NU.MU.su, 30, 22, 55, 40, 61. 
 
 NIN.AN, 21, 26. 
 
 NIN.AN.SAL, 30, 60, 31, 20. 
 
 SAL.NIN.AN, 18, 36. 
 
 NU.PAR, 31, 62. 
 
 NER.SE.GA, 32, 50, 96, 33, 10. 
 
 NER.PAD.DU, 33, 50, 56, 63, 34, 96; NER.PAD.DU + su, 
 33, 52. 
 
192 The Code of JJammukabi 
 
 NU.TUK, ekutu, 40, 61. 
 
 NU.TUR, labuttu, 11, 40, 49, 52, 63. 
 
 SAR, 35, 60. 
 
 SIG.BA, 30, 84, 91. 
 
 PA.PA, 11, 39, 48, 51, 62. 
 
 PA.TE.SI, 42, 42. 
 
 KA, 20, 28, 38, 98. 
 
 §E, 39, 11, 17, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 48, 50. 
 
 SE.BA, 30, 84, 91. 
 
 SA.GAL, ukullu, 37, 78. 
 
 SLgUD, 38, 6. 
 
 gE.GUR, 13, 33, 15, 44, 62, 16, 1, 54, 36, 64, 88, 90, 37, 96, 
 
 38, 2, 7, 25; SE.GUR.E, 20, 28. 
 SE.ZIR, ziru, 37, 78, 91. 
 
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 fr^g- 
 
 
 >^ g— B-^ 
 
 m^ 
 
 
 E 
 
 gES 
 
 
 10 
 
 45 
 
The Code op 5ammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXIII 
 
 Col. 
 XL. 
 
 E> ^— ^ 
 
 <^ g^^ 
 
 BrKi^HfflMf 
 
 ^iE>^J^XM<>l 
 
 w^m 
 
 #^^:^^» 
 
 55 
 
 GO 
 
 T^KFg,^gT<K 
 
 65 
 
 ^ t^ ^>4 
 
 
 ^^MStg 
 
 ►t^B-'^fr^ 
 
 
 m ^ 
 
 m<i^W HN 
 
 1^1 
 
 ^H>- 
 
 
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 fef^mg^a 
 
 agiBM^ 
 
 Mm^HB 
 
 
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 fflE 
 
 4g _<!- 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 m^sm 
 
 •ffi>fff 
 
 .g<^KgB<aJ<C>l 
 
 70 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 90 
 
The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXIV 
 
 10 
 
 t^^t^ 
 
 i<>4 e^ tt>^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 m=^^m>M 
 
 :^m^<>m- 
 
 J^^^^ 
 
 E&g?^-^ 
 
 MJi^iM 
 
 
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 ^ aa^ ^ 
 
 - ^^aM»fi 
 
 BZIB 
 
 gM^Pia^ 
 
 H^ 
 
 tM 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 iMW»^^r>;:> 
 
 KD^^W-K 
 
 25 
 
 TTKI- _E>> <^ 
 
 ffl 
 
 W 
 
 35 
 
 .gJi^^Si ^ 
 
 E>- ^ 
 
 m;M-A^st^ 
 
 _^ » 
 
 >t3<E>gff 
 
 
 4A 
 
The Code of JJammurabi 
 
 Plate LXXV 
 
 Col. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 45 
 
 
 ^^^^^i^H?~^i 
 
 50 
 
 65 
 
 ^WW>^ 
 
 ^S-^£l 
 
 ^M 
 
 tM^H 
 
 mi 
 
 ff-^B>f^l 
 
 <^^ t^ 
 
 B^ 
 
 MH<^Ig 
 
 IfKf l-^HP^<| 
 
 ff t^O 
 
 ftXl-fcjKKT^j 
 
 M tH^^lBP 
 
 M 
 
 ^ TT teg 
 
 »<>fH^*ft- 
 
 ^S 
 
 ^B 
 
 ^3SB>fcJ^^C> 
 
 BM rt -& --w 
 
 ^^liM 
 
 ffi^If 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 t»'W^g-T 
 
 ^^^r^^^ ^^ 
 
 M>^ cCT 
 
 Kf:atM>B 
 
 M^^IH 
 
 ^ESli3 
 
 ^aiwSH 
 
 66^ 
 
 £ 
 
 a^ 
 
 ^tiaiwm»gM 
 
 ^L-E>[><^-.g 
 
 ■g- Jttj 
 
 k^t^ff-^Egl6=^ 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 90 
 
 95 
 
Col. 
 XLI. 
 
 The Code of JJammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXVI 
 
 ^^7^?CtW$^ 
 
 IW 
 
 COLUMN XLII. 
 
 Tf><»fft3-»^-<B?T 
 
 
 W^ 
 
 ^ g^B 
 
 
 m^^^^mm 
 
 
 
 l^^^^>^^^ 
 
 ^gKfxI^MT' 
 
 B:TTKH( 
 
 NME^ffJ^B-^ 
 
 jaa >^ 
 
 B=<WfcJ 
 
 5^>fH^^a^ 
 
 B^ K<^ 'bJ 
 
 >ff:Jja3E>E> 
 
 ^ 
 
 E>TT>g-1^ 
 
 >^-<B=?T 
 
 M 
 
 ^^M 
 
 w^ES 
 
 ^^^^^ 
 
 
 15 
 
 25 
 
The Code of Hammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXVII 
 
 Col. 
 XLII. 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 fe»fe>J^t^^ 
 
 
 H>^^»^TirJI 
 
 ij 
 
 tf^t^ a 
 
 ff:^^ 
 
 
 ^¥^msi^tiss 
 
 Tfi^S> 
 
 t=^ ^ ^ 
 
 ^^^>^:^ 
 
 
 r^Hia.^^^ 
 
 
 ^^<^^^ W 
 
 T^ ^ -^ ^ 
 
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 tts^ 
 
 b41 
 
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 ^>_ W^D^ 
 
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 ^F 
 
 C>? JPJ 
 
 ><l<h^>W-40 
 
 
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 d;aw ^ga^gr 
 
 ^g 
 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 '75 
 
Plate LXXVIII 
 
 <i-^i==r V, 
 
 m^^&.m^ 
 
 ^Mf-^t^ 
 
 
 s 
 
 ^■^fc^^gibj 
 
 B»f<^<f-^^> 
 
 mmtmms^ 
 
 m ^ 
 
 g>Hgr>^<g 
 
 ^OT^^^^ 
 
 > MW 
 
 *^i 
 
 S^ 
 
 
 
 ^B 
 
 ^ m^ M 
 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXIX 
 
 Col. 
 
 XLni. 
 
 25 
 
 KII^^^Mff^ 
 
 
 30 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Mmw-i^m 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 B^<3'teS>>ffJ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 mm^ 
 
 m>^i=mt3HM 
 
 mti:m^^ 
 
 B^^^t^m> 
 
 F^a»<»M><^ 
 
 .. ^ff 4 wan 
 
 
 ^^*ff^ 
 
 
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 »?^»<W^>ffJ>g 
 
 i^>friii^'Edr 
 
 aWWM 
 
 l^^yj-^^ 
 
 
 ^>^Tf fca»Kf4>B 
 
 t^Hi^&^tEb^ 
 
 t^i^ MR 
 
 ^>?PJ><H^^ 
 
 ^JM^^ 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXX 
 
 Col. 
 XLIII. 
 
 75 
 
 M^t=^3 
 
 m 
 
 X5 
 
 90 
 
 
 >^<1»< 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 'ii»FE>^ 
 
 
 »^xj-<rft^ 
 
 
 ^kWMMm 
 
 w-ms^ 
 
 COLUMN XLIV. 
 
 ^M l^xT E> 
 
 ■fa Wg 
 
 ^ a^a 
 
 ff.>#> 
 
 ±=L 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 ITO 
 
 10 
 
The Code of JJammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXXI 
 
 20 
 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 H 
 
 
 ttfg- 
 
 t^>WllB34>t> 
 
 
 !^>^^(B^ 
 
 ^r~^F 
 
 ^m 
 
 
 <f- M 
 
 
 ^[>TfKK>gl 
 
 ^P- 
 
 m>Tte^>^^>JHJ 
 
 >^ ^ liiB 
 
 ^^ma^ 
 
 
 
 ^ l!=? 
 
 
 £ 
 
 E^ <?-wg 
 
 K^Tf^mm^ 
 
 n jm .E> 
 
 >^^gfci>?MT^B- 
 
 fetrt^^^OT 
 
 ^|5£5>TTm 
 
 t^-CP- B^ 
 
 ^xl- fi^ ^ 
 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 liWtHiii^T^frg^ 
 
 55 
 
The Code of IJammubabi 
 
 Plate LXXXII 
 
 Col. 
 XLIV. 
 
 
 ^tgB^t^>fj 
 
 Ft WK^maas 
 
 65 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 ^<^X$r\^ 
 
 J 
 
 FM-^^B 
 
 ^ 
 
 f- 
 
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 >#€TTHH K»i 
 
 W 
 
 BrKg^>gr^^ 
 
 gij t£S>HtC> 
 
 i^trr ar 
 
 ^ ff KM 
 
 
 
 '^ j-ffl 
 
 b: 
 
 
 i^^&ojJ 
 
 M 
 
 s 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 90 
 
SIGNS, NUMERALS, SCRIBAL ERRORS, 
 AND ERASURES 
 
The Code of gAMMURABi 
 
 Plate LXXXIII 
 
 LIST OF SIGNS. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 t=- 
 
 ^- 
 
 al, dil 
 
 >t==- 
 
 >^ 
 
 iial 
 
 ^ 
 
 & 
 
 ba 
 
 4 
 
 M 
 
 HTttT 
 
 zu 
 apsu 
 
 5 
 
 r^ 
 
 CZuCI 
 
 ■BOJ 
 
 su, masku 
 
 6 
 
 ^M 
 
 t^Sf 
 
 kablu 
 
 7 
 
 ^ 
 
 VKK 
 
 palu 
 
 8 
 
 >m 
 
 
 gir 
 GIR.NI 
 
 9 
 
 >m 
 
 W*^ 
 
 bur 
 
 10 
 
 "^ 
 
 X 
 
 tar 
 
 11 
 
 Mf- 
 
 ►^ 
 
 an, ilu, lamu 
 
The Code of IJammukabi 
 
 Plate LXXXIV 
 
 12 
 
 
 ka, pu 
 
 suluppu 
 
 13 
 
 >^ 
 
 <lisSnu 
 
 14 
 
 la 
 
 KA(N) 
 
 15 
 
 ffl tSbg 
 
 er, alu 
 
 16 
 
 »^>M 
 
 wardu 
 
 17 
 
 arJui 
 
 18 
 
 ^mj 
 
 ^ahjj 
 
 19 
 
 eblJru 
 
 20 
 
 B^^g 
 
 la 
 
 21 
 
 vteL 
 
 APIN 
 
 22 
 
 ►Kg 
 
 m?ih. 
 
 23 
 
 tu 
 
 24 
 
 1^^^ 
 
 25 
 
 
 mu, Mu 
 
 26 
 
 >i 
 
 KA 
 
 27 
 
 s: 
 
 KAD 
 
 28 
 
 &^&&& 
 
 ru 
 
 29 
 
 t=-< 
 
 K. 
 
 be, bat 
 
 30 
 
 ^ 
 
 ►4)^ 
 >< ^^ 
 
 na 
 
 ntkidu 
 
 31 
 
 ►^ 
 
 l^ir 
 
 32. 
 
 Hiy<i 
 
 zSru 
 
 33 
 
 KT-C 
 
The 
 
 Code of ] 
 
 Jammurabi 
 
 Plate LXXXV 
 
 34 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 mas, par, bar 
 muskenu 
 
 35 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 nu 
 NU.TUR. 
 NU.kirT 
 NU.MU.su 
 NU.PAR 
 NU.TUK 
 
 36 
 
 ^ 
 
 H-^ 
 
 lalO 
 
 37 
 
 ^H* 
 
 ►t<l^ 
 
 zibbatu 
 
 38 
 
 ^ 
 
 H^V+J 
 
 iiu 
 
 39 
 
 >W 
 
 »K 
 
 nam 
 
 40 
 
 m 
 
 wEJ^iajJiEi 
 
 ik, ig. GAL 
 
 4] 
 
 H^ 
 
 W^)fr« 
 
 zi 
 
 42 . 
 
 Nff^ 
 
 ^B-^Uf^ 
 
 gi 
 
 43 
 
 >i 
 
 LTT Tflf -T flf, TlTT T 
 
 ri 
 NanS, Istar 
 
 44 
 
 * 
 
 HIT 
 
 nun, rubD 
 Eridu 
 abkallu 
 
 45 
 
 «n' 
 
 if^ 
 
 tarba§u 
 
 46 
 
 * 
 
 ifcrnrra? 
 
 kab 
 
 47 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 tim 
 
The Code of 5ammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXXVI 
 
 48 
 
 -m 
 
 lMT t 
 
 ag, ak 
 AKiU 
 
 49 
 
 >ii 
 
 
 en, belu 
 Bel 
 
 Nippur 
 Sin 
 Ea 
 
 50 
 
 t^ 
 
 liP 
 
 sa 
 pasuttu 
 
 51 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 GAN 
 GAN.E 
 
 52 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 tig, tik 
 Kutha 
 a^aridu 
 biltu 
 
 53 
 
 M^ 
 
 
 dur 
 DDr-iJu 
 
 54 
 
 ^■ 
 
 ttJHtr 
 
 gur, OUR 
 
 55 
 
 ^ 
 
 tu 
 
 si, karnu 
 
 56 
 
 '^ 
 
 *aB 
 
 dar 
 
 57 
 
 ^■^ 
 
 KM 
 
 ^ag, sag 
 salmat gagadam 
 
 58 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 malahu 
 
The Code of ^ammueabi 
 
 Plate LXXXVII 
 
 59 
 
 t= 
 
 tab, tap 
 
 60 
 
 ^^^»^^»5»fe> 
 
 Turn 
 
 61 
 
 KL 
 
 ab,ap 
 
 62 
 
 ug, uk 
 
 63 
 
 az,as 
 
 64 
 
 
 btbu 
 B^bilu 
 abullu 
 
 65 
 
 sOff 
 
 ttDrrtfttir 
 
 urn, Sd.miS 
 rittu 
 
 ummanu 
 
 66 
 
 MfflL 
 
 dup, dub 
 
 67 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ta 
 
 68 
 
 B^a: 
 
 69 
 
 gan 
 Jiegallu 
 
 70 
 
 
 mSru 
 mafu 
 
 mSr-ummtni 
 
 mtrtu 
 
 ttiar-ugare 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 
 ad, ai 
 
 SI 
 
The Code of ^Jammurabi 
 
 Plate LXXXVIII 
 
 73 
 
 s>a> 
 
 in 
 
 74 
 
 ga^ 
 
 sarru 
 
 75 
 
 "lar, sar 
 
 76 
 
 se 
 
 77 
 
 ^ 
 
 h.arranu 
 
 78 
 
 
 gab 
 
 79 
 
 am 
 
 80 
 
 t^d^t^^ikix 
 
 l^u, Stru 
 
 81 
 
 be, ne 
 
 82 
 
 Ba 
 
 bil 
 
 83 
 
 ^^f^t:^^ 
 
 Itlnu 
 
 84 
 
 t>=(^=-< 
 
 ^ 
 
 ku, kum 
 
 85 
 
 ttif 
 
 URU 
 Uruk 
 
 86 
 
 SL 
 
 87 
 
 %J^ 
 
 ur 
 
 89 
 
 h: 
 
 du 
 
 90 
 
 ^^^^g^ tum.dum 
 
 91 
 
 a^. 
 
 imeru 
 
 92 
 
 vgf^>cr^ >M 
 
 us, nit 
 
 93 
 
 ^S 
 
 \l 
 
 94 
 
 
 GES, bi^ kaZjSikaru 
 kar^nu 
 
The Code of 5ammukabi 
 
 Plate LXXXIX 
 
 95 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^feQ"^fe^ 
 
 "Sim 
 
 96 
 
 97 
 
 fe^ 
 
 abnu 
 
 _98_ 
 99 
 
 .J^t. 
 
 c=^ 
 
 » 
 
 dtC kak 
 
 
 ni, li, sal, i 
 ill 
 
 samnu 
 samnu 
 
 100 
 
 ■^^ 
 
 ^>>l^>-^:=^ 
 
 ir 
 
 101 
 
 
 mal,ma(l) 
 MALGE.A 
 
 102 
 
 ummu 
 
 103 
 
 kisallu 
 
 }QA 
 
 UR 
 
 105 
 
 W^^< 
 
 tulU 
 
 106 
 
 * 
 
 107 
 
 
 pa, j]at 
 PA .PA 
 
 HJgfe3^ 
 
 rt'u 
 
 108 
 
 p^ 
 
 
 iz, is, is, Gl§ 
 GI^.APIN 
 GI^.APIN.TUK.KIN 
 
 »^ 
 
 GlS.GAN.UR 
 hattu 
 
The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 Plate XC 
 
 
 
 
 GlS.MAR.6ID.DA 
 
 kiru 
 
 kussu 
 
 kakku 
 
 109 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 GUD, alpu 
 6UD,DA.UR.RA 
 GUD.UD.UD.SAG 
 
 110 
 
 m 
 
 nn^^^f^m 
 
 al 
 
 111 
 
 B#= 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ub, up 
 
 112 
 
 ^ 
 
 HI- 
 
 mar 
 
 113 
 
 Ef 
 
 B 
 
 e 
 
 114 
 
 m 
 
 B^fflfflifff 
 
 un, mStu, kal^u 
 
 115 
 
 m 
 
 1^^ 
 
 kit, lil 
 
 116 
 
 efflt 
 
 WhBfeilfcMIb 
 
 u 
 
 117 
 
 tfc 
 
 ^nr 
 
 lull 
 
 118 
 
 m 
 
 ^st> 
 
 ga 
 
 119 
 
 ^wm 
 
 safe^ffiNT^H 
 
 ila 
 
 120 
 
 m 
 
 
 dan, kal 
 lamassu 
 
 121 
 
 m 
 
 
 e, bitu. 
 E-aps(} 
 E.AN.NA 
 Esagila 
 Ezida 
 
The Code of JJammukabi 
 
 Plate XCI 
 
 
 
 liMv^ 
 
 E.MAtl 
 
 
 
 mcUcM 
 
 E.MI^.MI^ 
 
 
 
 mm^j^ 
 
 kaliStu 
 
 
 
 m^ 
 
 ^allu 
 
 
 
 m@->-5^ 
 
 E.GAL.MAti 
 
 
 
 11^^ 
 
 E.KUR 
 
 
 
 ma 
 
 E.BABBAR 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 mawr^ 
 
 E.UD.GAL.GAL 
 
 
 ' 
 
 \m4i»^ 
 
 E.ULMA$ 
 
 
 
 IB^^»Ej 
 
 E.NER.NU.GAL 
 
 
 
 IPTT-tWKM 
 
 E.IVIE.TE.UR.SAG 
 
 
 
 PRH^ 
 
 igaru 
 
 
 
 IM</^ 
 
 E.50 
 
 122 
 
 B*. 
 
 
 gi.GE 
 
 123 
 
 ei^ 
 
 
 ra 
 
 124 
 
 SF^ 
 
 ii^^ 
 
 
 
 
 I^^KP? 
 
 salulu 
 
 125 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 gunu of {3" 
 
 126 
 
 
 
 aWtlu 
 
The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 Plate XCII 
 
 127 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 agru 
 
 nangaru 
 
 m 
 
 Ur 
 
 128 
 
 ^. 
 
 gar, kar 
 
 129 
 
 a^ 
 
 id, it 
 a^akku 
 
 130 
 
 da 
 
 Jl=?feg 
 
 d^u 
 
 131 
 
 a^ 
 
 132 
 
 
 ma 
 
 ilu 
 
 IVJAJA 
 
 133 
 
 gal 
 
 g-»i»-l 
 
 u^umgallu 
 
 134 
 
 M^ 
 
 kir, pi^ 
 
 135 
 
 
 agO 
 
 rid-sabe 
 
 136 
 
 137 
 
 138 
 
 mL 
 
 pur 
 
 a^i>^^ 
 
 la 
 
 
 ru 
 
 gallabu 
 
The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 Plate XCIII 
 
 
 
 >smf 
 
 I^ulujitu 
 
 
 
 ^^- 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 «j 
 
 pufyu 
 
 
 
 M^ 
 
 bSiru 
 
 139 
 
 
 im^^m 
 
 sa(g), za(g) 
 
 140 
 
 
 ^i^fe^^ 
 
 salmu 
 
 141 
 
 4^ 
 
 i< 
 
 mat, kur 
 
 142 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 lb, &'u 
 
 
 
 M^ 
 
 ?e'u 
 
 
 
 «K-( 
 
 Slzir 
 
 
 
 18 W> 
 
 SamaSSammu 
 
 
 
 38tW 
 
 Se.gur 
 
 
 
 ^*T\^l 1 1 ^WHtf-T' 
 
 a^nan 
 
 143 
 
 ■^p- 
 
 «>-{^-^^- 
 
 bu, pu 
 
 144 
 
 m^ 
 
 aHJ 
 
 uz 
 
 145 
 
 ^Eff 
 
 mm^ 
 
 tir 
 
 146 
 
 ■^ 
 
 tM 
 
 te 
 
 147 
 
 ^m 
 
 kt^ 
 
 kar, karu 
 
 148 
 
 f 
 
 tJ 
 
 ud, ut,. tarn, fimii. 
 
 
 
 I^O 
 
 SamaS" 
 
 
 
 l^t3W 
 
 oama^ 
 
 
 
 t:Jfipr>L 
 
 siparru 
 
 
 
 WHBff^P- 
 
 Adab 
 
The Code of gAMMURABi 
 
 Plate XOIV 
 
 
 
 
 Larsa 
 Sippara 
 
 149 
 
 f=- 
 
 ^ 
 
 wa, wi, wu, pi 
 
 150 
 
 m 
 
 
 lib 
 e|<lu 
 
 SA.GAL 
 SA.GUD 
 
 151 
 
 m^v 
 
 tSMT 
 
 ut 
 
 152 
 
 f 
 
 « 
 
 sabu 
 
 153 
 
 ^<@ 
 
 iK<^ 
 
 kinazu 
 
 154 
 
 A 
 
 >:> 
 
 ii 
 
 155 
 
 ^>tf- 
 
 l®» 
 
 •a, 1 
 
 156 
 
 ^iP 
 
 ►^^ 
 
 £^h, iJl 
 
 157 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ts> 
 
 kam, gam 
 
 158 
 
 4#- 
 
 
 im 
 Adad 
 IJ^arkar 
 
 159 
 
 A^ 
 
 *-gHslffffcJ 
 
 Jjar, mur 
 
 Harsag-kalSma 
 
 160 
 
 ^ff 
 
 ti>TT 
 
 ZUN 
 
 161 
 
 < 
 
 < 
 
 Anutittu 
 lamallu 
 
The Code of gAMMURABi 
 
 Plate XCV 
 
 162 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 LID 
 alp§ 
 alp@ 
 
 163 
 
 C^ 
 
 <fe<^<^ 
 
 mi, GIG 
 
 164 
 
 <^ 
 
 <m<^^m 
 
 gul, kul 
 
 165 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 nim 
 Anu 
 
 166 
 
 ov 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 lam 
 
 167 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 sur 
 
 • 
 
 Marduk 
 
 168 
 
 <^I 
 
 t^ 
 
 bItnO 
 
 169 
 
 <H^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 ul 
 
 170 
 
 <& 
 
 
 ner, kfJ, ?§pu, kiSSatu 
 Nergal 
 NER.SE.GA 
 NER.PAD.DU 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 GIG 
 lliadi^tu 
 
 172 
 
 <#- 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^.^i 
 
 ^.lim.lGI, tnu 
 igigallu 
 
 173 
 
 <« 
 
 ^ffiJ^^Hf^^WJ 
 
 ar 
 
 174 
 
 <fla 
 
 4M<P&^ 
 
 u 
 
 175 
 
 w 
 
 ^ 
 
 di 
 
 176 
 
 M 
 
 t^ 
 
 tilu 
 
The Code or Hammurabi 
 
 Plate XCVI 
 
 177 
 
 
 ki, irsitu 
 KLKAL 
 naSpaku 
 ma|i?ru 
 
 178 
 
 ^ 
 
 din, tin 
 
 179 
 
 
 jj(jr%u 
 kaspu 
 
 180 
 
 -^<«^ 
 
 e5 
 
 181 
 
 r 
 
 la! 
 
 182 
 
 183 
 
 zar 
 
 184 
 
 F 
 
 V 
 
 Ma 
 
 me 
 
 melammu 
 
 185 
 
 Xc**- 
 
 t^ 
 
 ml 
 
 186 
 
 
 ib, ip 
 ""Urar(?) 
 
 187 
 
 ggtfgH 
 
 ku, tuk 
 
 188 
 
 Msa 
 
 lu, immeru, s@nu 
 
 189 
 
 kin 
 
 190 
 
 SipStu 
 
 latu 
 
 ^g^iT 
 
 sene 
 
 191 
 
 J^^fflK 
 
 karff 
 
The Code of gAMMUKABi 
 
 Plate XCVIII 
 
 203 
 
 ?Et*H 
 
 B^ 
 
 ekimmu 
 
 204 
 
 If 
 
 
 a, mtJ 
 nSru 
 ^ "®™ Puratlu 
 ugaru 
 ekIu 
 A^ur 
 
 205 
 
 » 
 
 
 za 
 ""ZA.MA!M/C 
 Aleppo 
 
 206 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 ha 
 
 207 
 
 %s 
 
 ^ 
 
 si(g).Si(n) 
 
 208 
 
 
 iFT^t^aa 
 
 , Siklu 
 
 209 
 
 "W 
 
 
 1 bu^u 
 
 i 
 
The Code of 5ammueabi 
 
 Plate XCIX 
 
 LIST OF NUMERALS. 
 
 1-6 
 
 <F-m^H-i 
 
 1-4 
 
 ^^-^^A 
 
 1-3 
 
 <HTr.^jL 
 
 1-2 
 
 Mh- 
 
 1 
 
 T»^ 
 
 2 
 
 TT 
 
 IK 
 
 TT^ 
 
 3 
 
 TTTVM^ 
 
 4 
 
 TTW^ 
 
 5 
 
 W 
 
 6 
 
 :r«^ 
 
 8 
 
 trn^ 
 
 10 
 
 < 
 
 loK^ 
 
 >^ 
 
 12 
 
 <Tr 
 
 20 
 
 ^ 
 
 20 KA 
 
 w^ 
 
 30 
 
 <« 
 
 40 KA. 
 
 a^- 
 
 50 
 
 ^^ 
 
 50 KA 
 
 ^ 
 
 60 
 
 T 
 
 180KA 
 
 TT 
 
 
 
The Code of 5ammueabi 
 
 Plate 
 
 LTST OF SCRIBAL ERROUS. 
 
 416 
 
 <-m> 
 
 <j— g»^- 
 
 ^± 
 
 M^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 IJM 
 
 11' 
 
 1166 
 
 13 
 
 61 
 
 
 ^^^ff^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 fe^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 e. 
 
 B. 
 
 1651 
 
 TT-^K'MTf^ TTKI-kMnT^ 
 
 1862 
 
 ^3^> 
 
 ^ m^Wi> 
 
 26' 
 
 Jr- 
 
 ^ 
 
 268 
 
 2731 
 
 ^i 
 
 ^1 
 
 ^i 
 
 teS> 
 
 31" 
 
 31" 
 
 ^ 
 
 .^i. 
 
 328 
 
 M. 
 
 335 
 
 _El 
 
 ^El 
 
 34" 
 
 .^ 
 
 3492 
 
 ^3_ 
 
 ^ ^p^^ 
 
 368 
 
 teL 
 
The Code of Hammurabi 
 
 LIST OF SCRIBAL ERUORS— Continued. 
 
 Plate 01 
 
 36" 
 
 FOB 
 
 BEAD 
 
 372* 
 
 t^iiW 
 
 t^fe!>jKr 
 
 37«5 
 
 t^ 
 
 f?^ 
 
 38" 
 
 Ji=j.ic:> 
 
 JiSJ.tt> 
 
 3882 
 
 tM< 
 
 ^^ 
 
 39" 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 40" 
 
 Ki 
 
 ^^ 
 
 4139 
 
 mj 
 
 fcr 
 
 4160 
 
 Tf 
 
 ^ 
 
 43 '< 
 
 fc3r 
 
 fe3f 
 
 43 '"6, 44' 
 
 1M^>^ 
 
 Omit one line. 
 
The Code of ^ammukabi 
 
 Plate Oil 
 
 LIST OF ERASURES. 
 
 159 
 
 27 16 
 
 M. 
 
 29' 
 
 ^ 
 
 t> 
 
 3354,56 
 
 ^ 
 
 :^ 
 
 366 
 
 Mb£. 
 
 >gKTCT 
 
 3730 
 
 M. 
 
 & 
 
 ^ 
 
 3730 
 
 K> 
 
 ^^^> 
 
 39'5 
 
 42" 
 
 T^t^ 
 
 ^^^:»<lK|g^ 
 
 jfci 
 
 TP^^->^ 
 
 423 
 
 I ^S > 
 
 4!> 
 
Babylonian Xettets 
 
 BELONGING TO THE 
 
 KOUYUNJIK COLLECTIONS 
 OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
 
 By ROBERT FRANCIS HARPER 
 
 POST- 
 PRICE PAID 
 
 Part l,8vo, xv + ii6 plates, 1892. £6.00 S6.13 
 
 Part II,8vo, xv + 112 plates, 1893. 6.00 6.13 
 
 Part III,8vo, xv+ 116 plates, 1896. 600 6.14 
 
 Part IV,8vo, xvi + 116 plates, 1896. 6.00 6.14 
 
 Part V,8vo, xvi + 120 plates, 1900. 6.00 6.14 
 
 Part Vl,8vo, xv+ 120 plates, 1902. 6.00 6.14 
 
 Part VII, 8vo, xix + 120 plates, 1902. 6.00 6.14 
 
 Part VIII, 8vo, XXX f 120 plates, 1902. 6.00 6.15 
 Part \y^,{tn preparation') 
 
 7/;(?LJNlVERSITV0/CniCAG0PUESS,C/i2Va^<7 
 
 LuzAC & Co., London 
 
This preservation photocopy 
 
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 in compUance with copyright law. The paper, 
 
 Weyerhaeuser Cougar Opaque Natural, 
 
 meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO 
 
 Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 
 
 (oo) 
 
 Austin 1993