^«. IPK* College OF Law. Cornell University Library KF 292.N36A4 The digest :Colleae oj law, u™^^^^^^^ 3 1924 024 518 460 You Know THAT NOT IN ALL THE CENTRAL WEST IS THERE ANOTHER EX- CLUSIVE DRY GOODS HOUSE SO LARGE AS OURS? WE DO NOT SELL GRIND STONES AND MO- LASSES, BUT DEVOTE OUR ENTIRE ATTENTION TO DRY GOODS — HENCE WE HAVE A DRY GOODS STORE. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN DRY GOODS WE GIVE YOU AN URGENT INVITATION TO VISIT OUR STOREORCORRESPOND WITH OUR MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT IN REGARD TO YOUR WANTS. Miller & Paine, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA. Every Maq to I^is basii^css. EVery M^i^ miist liaVe oqe ai|d rqast kpoAV I70W to riii> it •''l^fchi J. L. Stephens, Pres. Harry E. Wilson, Sec. M' 'EN and women are trained in Medicine, in Theology, in Law, in Music, in Ped- .9j agogy etc. Why not train them in \) Business and fit them for a Business career? " Read what prominent Business men say in answer. JOHN WANNAMAKER. "In these days business is difficult, the young man who starts in at this lime will stand but little chance without a business training. The mercantile profession must be studied just the same as medicine or law." ^/••> .^:^T22 CHAUNCEY DEPEW. "To you, young ladies and gentlemen, a business training is absolutely necessary, and the best thing you can have, whether you come from the common schools, from the academy, from the seminary, or from the university.'' -'^js:r ANDREW CARNEGIE. "I rejoice, young men and women, to know that your time has not been wasted upon dead languages, but has been fully occupied in obtain- ing knowledge of shorthand and typewriting, banking methods, bookkeeping, penmanship, business correspondence, business customs, and commercial law, and that you are fully equipped to sail upon the element upon which you must live your lives, and earn your living." Write for information to LINCOLN BUSINESS COLLEGE. W. C. Stephens, Treas. CORNER 11TH AND TELEPHONE 254. O STS. LINCOLN, NEE Paine & Warfel. READY TO WEAR ....CLOTHING FfCffiisking Goods and Hats Merchant Tailoring 1136-1133 O Street. .Lincoln, Nebraska Excelsior Cigar Factory Manufacturers of FINE CIGARS Dealers in All Kinds of SMOKERS ARTICLES Excelsior, Bridal Boquet, Double Eagle, Jersey Lily, Le Present des Dieux, Spaniard's Seal. Lincoln, Nebraska U. R. WOLF & CO , Prop'rs L. Blumenthal Practical Hatter All kinds of Old Hats made over good as new. Hats Blocked while you wait. Mourning Bands and Bindings fur- nished. Also Clothes Cleaned, Dyed, and Repaired. All work guaranteed 214 Norlh nth SI. Lincoln, Neb. Yule Bros. Ibanb Xaunbr^ \W) (D Street Satisfaction ©uaranteeb W. J. Neely, M.D., Oculist L.W. Bever, Ophthalmic Optician The Eyes are the Windows of the Soul— THEY ARE PRICELESS. We make a specialty cf Fitting Spectacles and Eve Glasses. Xii7colr^ Qptical ^on^paDy Nos. 5 and 6, Walsh & Pntnam Block, 1041 O STREET Spectacles and Eye Glasses Repaired. Old Frames made over to Order. Artificial Eyes Furnished. Lenses Changed. Examinations Free Lincoln, Nebraska MODBJU DINING MA.L,I^ The NEATEST, CLEANEST, and BEST. Try our Delicious BREAKFAST, Elegant DINNERS, and Wholesome SUPPERS. We serve the Best Meals in the city. Eat, Drink, and be convinced. Terms $3.50 per week. 316 So. I2th St., Lincoln, Neb. il^rs. ROBERT FREELAND, Proprietoress. H. W. LEIGHTON, Wholesale and Retail Office Supplies, Books, Stationery MAPS, GLOBES, Etc. 1 123 O Street Lincoln, Nebraska HERE WE ARE! Patronize Home Industry and buy only First-Class Goods. You can get the Best Value for your money at the I^incoln Trvtiik: F^actory 1217 O Street, Lincoln, Neb. A Complete Stock of Trunks, Pocket Books, Bags, Telescope Cases, ete. Repairing Trunks and Bags neatly done. Old Trunks traded for. C. A. WIRICK, Proprietor Henry Maimann Successor to A. Denke CAPITAL CITY Boot and Shoe Maker AND Repairer ALL WORK GUARANTEED FIRST-CLASS Basement First National Bank, 110 SOUTH TENTH ST., LINCOLN, NEB. Crescent Dining Parlors 1215 M Street, LINCOLN, NEB. First-Olass Meals served in Best Style Most Elegant Restaurant in the City Single Meals 25c Board by the Week 83.50 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024518460 JUDGE MANOAH B. REESE, DEAN. Ttie "Digest College of Law UniDerstty o'\j7X ^a?,ka t J J dlass of '97 Labor omnia vincit. Founded and Published by the Senior Law Class of 1897 1897 &^i9fr %0 3u6(je 2Tfanoaf) Bosttc Heese^ oar t)i)nr)rrb artii tzi^itclt'a |]£an, ttiia Dolum£ is affectiflnatelii Boarb of (£bttors "Ward Hildketh, Editor-in-Chief Denis James Flaherty, Business Manager associate editors Beach Coleman Mahlon Fritz Manville Guy Wilder Green John Caeb David Lewis Killen Ernst Frederick Warner proem -*■ ^T is with not a little hesitancy that the Senior Law- Class of 1897 has undertaken to inaugurate, in the University of Nebraska, the custom of publishing a volume that shall be distinctly a Law College publication. It is with still greater hesitancy that the editors present this work to the critical inspection of an exacting public. We crave your indulgence and trust that if our efforts have not been rewarded with complete success, they, at least, have not been entirely misdirected. The Board of Editors are under especial obligations, and desire to express their thanks, to the Faculty and to the- Alumni for their very liberal support and assistance. CLASS OF NINETY-SEVEN CHARLES EDWIN ABBOTT "Blushing is the color of virtue." Was born at Taylorville, 111., December 1, 1871. Has made his home at Hayes Center, Neb. , for the past twenty years. Held im- portant clerkships in both national and state affairs. A member of the legal fra- ternity of Phi Delta Phi. GEORGE I. BABCOCK " Thou unassuming commonplace of nature." This gentleman was first a resident of the state of Wisconsin March 21, 1871. Traces his ancestry to the Pilgrim fathers, and prides himself in being blooded English. Prepared at University of Nebrask B.A., '94. Was a member of Palladian Literary Society. Home address. North Loup, Ne- braska. CYRUS OSCAR BROWN " Comparisons are odorous." Soon after the close of the civil war, an- other disturbing element arose in the per- sonage of the aforesaid. Mr. Brown was born in the state of Iowa, and, like Abra- ham Lincoln, selected a log cabin as his first residence. Related to Peter Kester of Revolutionary fame. Just common, mixed blood. Prepared at South Dakota Agri- cultural College, B.S. Member of Delian Literary Society. THE DIGEST FKANK E. BROWN ' I never knew so young a body with so old a head. " Received the plaudits of an admiring public at Spava, 111., in the year 1872. Prepared at University of Nebraska, M.A. Assistant in department of Ameri- can History, University of Nebraska, 1894- '95. Principal of Kearney High School, 1895-96. Member of Phi' Kappa Psi and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. JOHN CARR " To be great is to be misunderstood." First exhibited his bald head sometime in the year 1864 and somewhere in the State of Indiana. Claims relationship to Darby Carr. Prepared at Eastmans, N. Y., and Western Normal College. Degrees B.S. and M.A. Principal of public schools and county superintendent of schools. BEACH COLEMAN " There may be many Csesars Ere such another Julius. " Hails from Mars. Took up his resi- dence in Pennsylvania, May 15, 1871. Came to Nebraska 1878. Received the de- gree of B.L. at Nebraska Wesleyan Univer- sity 1895. Member of the Everett Literary Society while in University, and president during the last term. Member of Phi Delta Phi fraternity. He could scrap the hardest and longest of any one in the Max- vrell club. Home address. Surprise, Neb. CLASS OF NINETY-SEVEN THOMAS CREIGH "Lord of himself, — that heritage of woe!" The evening and the morning were the first day to this gentleman August 8, 1873; place, Lincoln, Neb. Traces his ancestry to Adam via Scotland and Ireland. Graduated from Princeton 1894, with the degree A.B. A member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity. Address 1505 Farnam St., Omaha. ^0 DENIS JAMES FLAHERTY "As merry as the day is long.'' The magic of his face was first beheld Feb- ruary 24, 1871, at Galena, 111. Home address, Hartington, Neb. Claims to be of American and Irish descent (mostly all Irish. ) Prepared for the study of law at Creigh- ton University and Detroit College, B. A. & M.A. Has held all the offices in college life. JESSE INES GATES "A very gentle heart and of a good conscience. " Became the town talk at Maine, Brown county, New York, February 13, 1868. Prepared at Highland Park Normal Col- lege of Des Moines, Iowa. Degree B.D. Was a principal in public schools before coming here. A member of the Delian Literary society. Home address, Gaza? Iowa. 10 THE DIGEST HELEN M. GOFF "The observed of all observers," Came to this strange earth via Illinois, Oc- tober 6, 1870. Is of English descent. Was educated at Monmouth College, Monmouth, 111. Has always been interested in reform movements. Present secretary of Nebraska State Woman Suffrage Association. Home address, Kea,rney, Neb. IVAN WILBUR GOODNER " Yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o' the milk of human kindness. Assumed the responsibilities of life in the state of Illinois, July 24, 1858. Was short on ' ' fire bote " and burned the genealog- ical tree, but has blue and red blood. Six years official court stenographer in Dakota territory. Clerk of supreme court of South Dakota from the time of admission of the state until November, 1896. Grand lecturer of Grand Lodge of Masons and Grand Mas- ter of Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of South Dakota. Member of Phi Delta Phi. GUY WILDER GREEN "Here rills of oily eloquence in soft Meanders, lubricate the course they take. " ■ Swelled the population of Ottawa, El. , by his arrival there, June 11, 1873. Claims relationship to General Nathaniel Green, and of course is of English descent. Doane College, B. S. President Philomathean Lit- erary Society. Captain and manager of base ball team while in college. A member of Phi Delta Phi. Nebraska representative in Kansas and Nebraska debate. President of senior law class, fourth term. CLASS OF NINETY-SEVEN 11 NATHAN RICKEES GREENFIELD " No man can lose what he never had." Did his first crying near Freeport, III., February 2i, 1874. Is of German stock, both grandfathers having fought with Blu- cher in the battle of Waterloo. Book- keeper in the senate of the twenty-fifth session of Nebraska legislature. Will begin active practice at once in his home town, Lexington, Neb. FRANK JASPER GUSTIN " Who can tell for what high cause This darling of the gods was bom. " Took his first exercise on July 27, 1877, at the city of Princeton, in the state of Illi- nois. Has made his home at Kearney, Ne- braska, for several years, being a resident of this state for the past fifteen years. Blood, sky blue and cinnamon. A mem- ber of the Sigma Chi fraternity. GUY WARREN HASSLER "A countenance more in sorrow than in anger." Became known to time and sense (?) at Con- nellsville. Pa., December 10, 1869. Came to Nebraska twenty-three years ago, and has made this state his home ever since. A member of the Masonic lodge. Home address Pawnee City, Neb. 12 THE DIGEST WILLIAM HENRY HAYWARD "Gods! How the son degenerates from the sire." Arrived in the great centennial year at Nebraska City, Neb., April 29. Has lived in Nebraska all his life; is the son of Judge Hay ward; Captain of Co. C, 2d Regiment, Nebraska National Guard; right tackle Varsity foot ball team; and manager of the base ball team. President of the law class; member of Phi Delta Theta, Theta Nu Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi Fraternities. WARD HILDRETH "Every man has his fault, and honesty is his." Was found in his father's house July 10, 1869, at Fowlerville, Mich. Came to Ne- braska in 1873. Claims relationship to Richard Hildreth, the historian. Scotch, English, and Danish descent. Graduated from the University of Nebraska, 1895, A. B. Member of the fraternities of Phi Kappa Psi, Phi Beta Kappa, and Phi Delta Phi. Address, Lincoln, Neb. ELBERT O. JONES "What can't he cured must be endured." First entertained his friends at Myron, la. , June 9, 1872. Blood is a mixture of Welsh and English. Claims relationship to Capt. John Smith and Noah. A mem- ber of the Palladian Literary Society. A contributor to the second edition of Amer- ican and English Encyclopedia of Law. Vice president Senior Law Class. Home address, Brandon, S. D. CLASS OF NINETY-SEVEN 13 DAVID LEWIS KILLEN "An eye like Mai-s to threaten or command." Was first noticed in Armagh, Pa. , April 23, 1870. Blood, red and Irish green. Prepared at Normal University. Degrees B.D. and B.S. A member of the Delian literary society and president of the same. Delegate to National Convention of Repub- lican College leagues in Chicago, 1896. A member of A.F. and A.M. Home address, Beatrice, Neb. EMMA MADEEN "Man delights not me; no nor pictures either." Was born near Leonardville, Kansas, Au- gust 14, 1870. Descended from Swedish ancestry. For seven years taught in the schools of Nebraska. Took the Doane scholarship at Crete high school for highest class standing. Home address, Saronville, Nebraska. "When a woman will, she will, You may depend on't; Biit when she won't, she won't, And that's the end on't. " MAHLON FRITZ MANVILLE "The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind." Became a chose in possession at Shelby- ville, Missouri, November 4, 1871. Gets his black hair from his French Huguenot an- cestors and his amiable disposition from Puritan stock. Came to Nebraska in 1881, making his home at Crete; is a graduate of Doane College, A. B. , 1893. A member of Phi Delta Phi and Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternities. 14 THE DIGEST BEN C. MATTHEWS "An angel, or if not, an earthly paragon," Was first admired at Sigour ney, Iowa, Oc- tober 10, 1871. Does not accuse any per- sonages of national repute as responsible for his existence. A graduate of the Uni- versity of Nebraska, B.A. '95, M.A, '97. Was a member of Palladian Literary So- ciety. Home address, Elowa, Kan. WH^LEY HERBEET M]X,LER " Confusion now hath made his masterpiece." The Chief Justice Miller, as we knew him, made his bow upon the stage of action Jan- uary 16, 1870, near Allison, Iowa. Traces his ancestors to before Eevolutionary times. Blood, Dutch, English, and Irish. Regrets that his ancestors did not come over in the Mayflower. Home address, Franklin, Neb. CHARLES MOUSEL "The march of the human mind is slow," First breathed the breath of life at Belle- vue, Iowa, April 29, 1874. Germany and Ireland claim equal equities, the legal title being in the former. Prepared at Western Normal. President of senior law class third term. Present deputy county treas- urer of Frontier county. Neb. Home ad- dress, Cambridge, Neb. CLASS OF NINETY-SEVEN 15 JESSE TUCK PAEKEE "Men of few words are the best m6ii." Delighted his friends for the first time August 11, 1850, in Franklin county, Maine. Mr. Parker is able to trace his ancestry through eight generations, they coming from England to Massachusetts in the year 1630. Prepared at Wesleyan University. Filled the office of county superintendent in Nebraska. A member of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. Home address. Saint Paul, Neb. EMIL EDWIN PLACEK "He wears the rose of youth upon him." His genial smile was first seen at Milligan, Nebraska, as late as December 14, 1877, at which place he has made his home all his life. Placek was a friend to every member of the class. His father was one of the first settlers of Fillmore county. Makes no claims upon any nationality except Bohemia. HILLIAED S. EroGLEY "To be or not to be, that is the question." Was first seen at Siam, Iowa, October 16, 1874. Has lived in Nebraska six years, making his home at North Platte. Has been engaged in the newspaper business. His blood is Aztec Indian and Dago, half of each. 16 THE DIGEST GEORGE HAMPTON RISSER "None but himself can be his equal." Was a resident of the college town of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, the first several years of his life, having been born there on March 20, 1877. Is of German and English de- scent. Like all naembers of this class is dis- tantly related to Sir William Blackstone- Prepared at University of Nebraska. Presi- dent of Maxwell Club first term of senior year, member of Sigma Chi and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. JOHN DEYARMAN SMITH "I know everything except myself." Came to the assistance of his parents March 20, 1868, at Uniontown, Penn. His ancestors are of Dutch, Irish and French islood. A member of I. O. O. F. and Phi Delta Phi. Home address, Primghar, la. CHARLES YODER THOMPSON "Like a pond, still but deep." Was born in the Keystone state in the city of Reading, October 17, 1876. Has made his home at West Point, Neb. , most of his life. Scotch and Swiss blood. Prepared at Omaha high school. Secretary of senior law class. Member of Phi Delta Phi and Phi Kappa Psi. CLASS OF NINETY-SEVEN 17 SIDNEY M. TRUE ' ' There is something rotten in the state of Denmark. " This genial gentleman claims to have fa- vored the city of Lincoln by having selected it as the place of his birth, April 6, 1873. Has made his home for several years at Te- cumseh, Neb. Is related to Li Hung Chang, Queen Lil, and Buffalo Bill; a mem- ber of Phi Delta Phi. ERNST FREDERICK CARL WARNER "You may relish him more in the soldier than in the scholar." Received the plaudits of an admiring public October 10, 1870, in the state of Wisconsin. Of course, his name indicates that he might be a Swede or Chinaman, but Warner claims to be pure German. If he is related to any famous personages, the Lord only knows, and he wont tell. Engaged in teaching school and in the banking business before entering the college of law. A Delian. Home address, Creighton, Neb. ALBERT SIDNEY WHITE "For I have that within which passeth show." Sid was a Christmas present to his parents in the year 1874. Was born at Palmyra, Neb. , his present home address being South Omaha, Neb. Completed the sophomore year in the University of Nebraska. Presi- dent of the Athletic Association; a member of Phi Delta Phi, and Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternities, in both of which he has held the leading offices. 18 THE DIGEST CLEMENT LEACH WILSON " Gloomy calm of idle vacancy." Became an ornament in the house of his parents, April 24, 1874, in the county of Ne- maha, Nebraska. Prepared at Johnson High School and Lincoln Normal Univer- sity. Is of Welsh and Dutch descent. A member of the Delian literary society, and like us all a member of the ^Maxwell club. Home address, Johnson, Neb. DENVER LOARING WILSON "But Lord! how he could kick." Did his first kicking at Clarington, Ohio, March 16, 1868. Is of English and Dutch blood, graduate of Western Normal College at Shenadoah, Iowa, degree B.D. Presi- dent of the Maxwell club, third term. FORMER MEMBERS. Newton D. Burch, Central City. David F. Burks, Fairbury. James R. Bukks, Beatrice. James W. Chitwood, Maoon. Wells M. Cook, Hartington. Edward C. Farmer, Madelia. Anthony G. Karpishek, Linwood. Frederick J. D. Lasby, Chester. Howard B. Raley, Crete. JULE Schoenheit, Lincoln. John E. Spaan, Orange City, Iowa. Edmund T. Sullivan, Harvard, 111. James H. Wallis, Paris, Idaho. e ^. y{(c C^-^ CP\^^-t:fu^lyL__ (Et?ancelIor (Beorge €. macUan, ££. D. Dr. George Edwin MacLean, the fifth Chancellor of the Uni- versity of Nebraska, was born in Rockville, Conn. , August 31, 1850, son of Edwin W. MacLean and Julia H. (Ladd) MacLean. His father, a man of public spirit, was a successful merchant, postmaster of Eockville, a member of the I. O. O. F. , and later a deacon of the Congregational church of Great Barrington, Mass. The earliest American representatives of the family settled in Hartford and Vernon, Conn. , before the Revolution. The gene- alogy in Scotland reaches back to the eleventh century with a legendary line for several centuries beyond. The Ladd family first came to this country in 163^. Dr. MacLean received his pre- paratory education in Westfield Academy and Williston Sem- inary, Massachusetts. He entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1871. He completed a course of study at Yale Theological School in 1874, and accepted the pastorate of the Presbyterian and Congregational society in New Lebanon, N. Y. From 1877 to 1881 he was minister of the Memorial Presbyterian church, Troy, N. Y. Going abroad in the latter year he studied at the University of Leipzig until 1883, with the exception of two semesters at the University of Berlin. He devoted his at- tention especially to philology and history, Biblical exegesis, and old English literature. He collated several old English manu- scripts in the British Museum, Oxford, and Cambridge. He made the degree of Ph. D. at Leipzig. After an extended tour through Europe, he returned to the United States, and shortly thereafter accepted the chair of the English Language and Literature in the University of Minnesota. At the expiration of seven years' service he obtained a leave of absence, spending eleven months in studying in the British Museum, and in making cycle tours through England. Facilities were everywhere afforded him for becoming acquainted with English life and thought, es- pecially at the universities. He resumed the duties of his pro- 20 THE DIGEST fessorship in December, 1892; but again in 1894 he began re- searches in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. In 1891 he was elected a member of the Philological Society of London, and also of the American Philological Society. He is also a member of the Modern Language Association, of the American Dialect Society, of the American Forestry Association, an honorary member of the Whig Society of the Princeton University, of the North American Bee Keepers' Association, and the Society of Electrical Engineers of the University of Nebraska. In 1895 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Wil- liams College, the same year in which he was elected Chancellor of the University of Nebraska. He is also Director of the United States Agricultural Experiment Station at the University, and during the summer of 1896 traveled in England, Holland, and Germany, studying the work done in the Stations in each country. Personally he is an agreeable man, and this, coupled with his- abilities as a teacher and administrator, has distinguished him in the educational circles of Nebraska. In addition to numerous shorter articles and reviews, he has published "^Ifric's Anglo- Saxon Version of Alcuini Interrogationes Sigewulfi Presbyteri in Genesin," (Halle, 1883); " An Old and Middle English Keader " by Zupitza (Boston, 1886); "An Introductory Course in Old English," prepared by Professor Wilkin and K. C. Babcock (Minneapolis, 1891); "A Chart of English Literature with Refer- ences," which has passed through several editions, the last in New York and London, 1892; and "An Old and Middle English Reader, with Introduction, Notes and Glossary" (New York and London, 1893). Dr. MacLean was married May 20, 1874, to Clara S. Taylor, a daughter of Charles J. Taylor, of Great Barrington, Mass. They have no children. 3ubge ZHanoal? 23. Hcese, Dean "He was indeed the glass "Wherein the noble youth did dress themselyes." Judge Manoah Bostic Reese, familiarly known as the good Dean, is a native of Illinois and was born in Macoupin county, September, 5, 1839. His parents were not wealthy, and his early education was limited to the opportunities furnished by the district school in that, then, new and sparsely settled country. In 1856 his parents, with the family, moved to Clark county, Iowa, and located on a farm, where he remained until after he attained his majority. During this time he attended the public schools within his reach, and when about twenty-one years of age entered a seminary at Osceola, Iowa, which he attended about two years. On the first day of January, 1862, he was married to Miss Carrie Burrows, formerly of Mooresville, Indiana. He en- listed in the army of the United States during the War of the Eebellion, but owing to an injury he had received in his youth he was not allowed to serve. Upon his return home he at once began the study of law in the office of Hon. James Rice at Osceola, Iowa. He was admitted to the bar in 1865 and immediately entered upon the practice, form- ing a partnership with his preceptor. In 1871 he removed to the State of Nebraska, finally locating at Wauhoo, in this state in 1874. In 1875 he was elected and served as a delegate to the constitutional convention which formed the present constitution of Nebraska. In 1876, 1878, and 1880, he was successively elected to the ofiice of district attorney for the then fourth judicial district; and in 1883 he was elected as one of the judges of the supreme court of the state, holding the oflSce for six years, during the last two of which he was the chief justice. His opinions while a member of the court were characterized by evi- dent fairness and strength, rather than by the elaborate marshal- ing and discussion of authorities. 22 THE DIGEST In 1891 Judge Reese was selected as lecturer upon the subject of Real and Personal Property in the colleoje of law in the State University of Nebraska, and held that position until he was elected Dean of the college in 1893, which position he now holds. Judge Reese ranks among the leaders of the Nebraska bar, both as counsellor and advocate. He is popular, and respected by the bench and his professional brethren, and is strong with the people. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and has served as Grand Master of that order in Nebraska. He is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and represented the Ne- braska Conference of that church in 1888 as a lay delegate to the General Conference held in the city of New York. Dean Reese is exceptionally well fitted for the position of trust that he holds, and his moral influence over the students is one of his strongest points. He is the idol of the students and is hon- ored and beloved by all of them without exception. As an in- structor he is energetic, patient, and entertaining. He strives to make the most difficult subject interesting and attractive, and his success in this direction is in no small manner due to the exten- sive fund of experience and illustration that he has to draw from. Prof. H. H. Wilson Judge W. H. Hunger Judge W. W. Giffbn Hon. W. S. Summers THE FACULTY. prof. c. a. robbins, sec. judge j. k. "webster Judge Samuel Maxwell Judge Frank Irvine Judge Jacob fawcett Hon. J. C. Watson Mr. B. F. Good Dr. J. L. Greene prof. Cljarles Q. Hobbtns Prof. Charles A. Eobbins, Secretary of the Law Faculty, was born at Abingdon, Knox county. 111. , June 5, 1861. His father died when he was two years old, and as soon as he was old enough he worked in a brick-yard, on the farm, and in a store, during vacations, for means to attend school. He completed the course in the Abingdon High School, of which our present Congress- man, J. B. Strode, was principal, in May, 1876. In th& fall of the same year he entered Hedding College, from which institu- tion he graduated in 1881, with the degree of Ph. B.. "rustling" — as he says — out of school hours and during vacations to pay his way through college. In 1884 he was awarded the degree of Ph. M. from the same college. After teaching school two years. Professor Robbins entered Union College of Law (Northwestern and Chicago Universities) in the fall of 1883, and graduated therefrom in June, 1885, with degree LL. B. Although he clerked in a law oiEce and taught night school while pursuing his law course, he received first prize scholarship both years, as well as first thesis prize. He remained in Chicago one year after graduation, clerking in the law office and writing for legal periodicals, and in 1886 came to Lincoln, Neb., where he has made his home since. He was married in January, 1889, to Miss Bertha Jones, of Abingdon, 111. Professor Robbins became connected with the College of Law in 1893, and is one of the hardest workers and most successful instructors in the Faculty. He is clear and logical, and has a forcible way of presenting things so that thej' make a deep and lasting impression upon the mind of the student. A hard worker himself, he insists on the students putting in full time while here, telling them that they can plaj^ after school is out. Al- though he has several other departments of instruction, his spec- ialties are Contracts, Commercial Paper, and Pleading. fjon. 3osept? H. IDebster Joseph Eawson Webster was born May 5, 1839, near Bombay, India, of American parents abroad under passport. His parents returned to Victor, N. Y. , in 1842, remaining there until 1846, when they removed to La Grange county, Indiana. Until his fif- teenth year he attended school in a log schoolhouse. He then at- tended the academy, the La Grange Collegiate Institute at On- tario, Ind., entered Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1858, and graduated in 1862, taking class honors. His youth was spent working on the farm and in a saw mill, and his recreation was the sports of a frontier life, hunting, and canoeing. In April, 1861, on the evening of President Lincoln's first call for three-month volunteers, he enlisted as private in Company I, 11th Indiana Infantry, under Captain (afterwards General) Lew Wallace, serving in the Shenandoah valley, Virginia. At the ex- piration of his time he returned to college, and on graduating in 1862 again enlisted. He was elected captain of Company G, 88th Indiana Infantry, and subsequently was commissioned Major of the regiment. In 1864 he was made Lieutenant Colonel of the 44th United States Colored Infantry, which regiment he raised and organized. Colonel Webster continued in active service uhtil 1866, when he resigned and engaged in cotton planting at Rosedale, Boliver county. Miss., until the spring of 1869. Dur- ing the service, between campaigns, he studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in July, 1869, at Glenwood, la. He located at Council Bluffs, la. , but remained there only a few months before removing to Lincoln, Neb. In military service Col. Webster, besides many minor engage- ments, participated in the general battles of Chaplin Hills, Ken- tucky, October 8, 1862; Stone Eiver, Tennessee, December 31 to January 6, 1863; siege of Chattanooga; siege and battle of Nashville, Tenn., December 15-18, 1864. At the organization of the Grand Army of the Republic, he identified himself with it. 26 HON. JOSEPH K. WEBSTER and is a member of Farragut Post, Lincoln, Neb. ; also of mili- tary order of the Loyal Legion, Department of Nebraska, and of the Society of Colonial Wars, council of District of Colum- bia. Judge Webster has always been an ardent republican, and has served the state in a civil as well as military capacity. As a member of the Board of Education he aided in hastening the erec- tion of permanent school structures, thus placing the educational system on a sound basis; as member of the city council he was active in advocating and adopting municipal ownership of water service and other municipal enterprises. In 1878-79 he was county judge of Lancaster county, and in 1873-74 Attorney Gen- eral of Nebraska. He has always taken a lively interest in social and municipal improvements and reforms, and in his profession has attained prominence as an able and widely informed lawyer. He was one of the organizers of the private law school under Dean Wm. Henry Smith, which preceded the present Law College; and at the organization of the University College of Law was made Lecturer in Equity Jurisprudence, which position he now holds. He was married in 1873 to Sara Cooper Thompson, of Lima, Ind. , and they have one child. He traces his ancestry back to John Webster, of Warwickshire, England, who immigrated to Connecticut before 1635, and was its Colonial Governor from 1656-59. Judge Webster's father, in 1835, went in the service of the American Board of Foreign Missions to Bombay, in charge of its publishing house there, and while there assisted in publishing the Maharatta translation of the Bible. prof. £j. £j. rpilson Prof. Henry H. Wilson was born January 1, 1854, near Fre- mont, Sandusky county, O. He came with his parents to Ne- braska in 1871, and settled on a farm in Saunders county, near Ashland. Before coming to Nebraska, and from an early age, the care of his father's farm devolved chieiiy upon him, but soon after coming to this state he abandoned the farm and taught school for some time in the Platte valley. In 1873 he entered the State University, from which institution he graduated in 1878 with the degree of Ph. B. , and in 1886 the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him. From the University he went to Seward, Neb. , where he was principal of the high school for two years. It was during his stay at Seward that he began the study of law. Returning to Lincoln in 1880, and entering the office of a prominent attorney, he completed his preparation for the bar, to which he was admit- ted in 1881. Since that time he has been successively associated with the firms of Ricketts & Wilson in 1881, Lamb, Ricketts & Wilson in 1882, and Rickets & Wilson again in 1892, of which latter firm he is at present a member. Professor Wilson has continued his interest in literary matters since leaving the University, and has at different times contrib uted prominently to the current magazines, articles both of a lit- erary and legal nature. He has occupied the chair of Lecturer on Evidence in the Law College since its formation, and in 1895 •was given the degree of LL. M. by the University. He is a member of the American Bar Association, and is chairman of the Committee on Legal Education of Commercial Lawyers' League of America. He is also a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, before which court he has appeared n several prominent cases. Although a Republican politically, he is a firm believer in the principles of Prohibition. Professor Wilson was married in June, 1882, to Miss Emma Parks. They have had a family of three children, two of which are living. 3ubge Samuel 2TTaxn3cll Hon. Samuel Maxwell, the Patriarch of the Nebraska bar, was born in New York State, May 20, 1826, at Lodi, a suliiirb of Syracuse. His father and mother were children of wealthy par- ents, and both were well educated. He received a common school education, but continued his studies for some time after leaving school. In 1844 he moved to Michigan, where he taught school several years, and in 1862 purchased a farm in Oakland county. He re- mained there until 1856, when he disposed of his property and moved to Nebraska, taking up a pre-emption near Plattsmouth. Having taken up the study of law some time prior to this, and feeling the need of a better opportunity for pursuing his study, he returned to Michigan in 1858, and entered the office of a prominent lawyer in Bay City. He was admitted to the bar in 1859, and immediately returned to Nebraska. Soon after his return he was elected delegate from Cass county to the first Republican Territorial Convention, and in October of the same year was elected Representative from Cass county to the Legislature. In June, 1864, he was elected delegate to the first Constitutional Convention. The convention met at Omaha, July 4, 1864, but adjourned sine die immediately after organizing, as it was evident that any constitution prepared would be defeated. In October, 1864, he was again elected to the Legislature, and was chairman of the judiciary committee, introducing the bill for the revision of the statutes. October, 1865, he was a third time elected a member of the House, and assisted in framing the Con- stitution of 1866. He was also a member of the first State Leg- islature, which met at Omaha, July 4, 1866, for the purpose of electing senators, and setting in operation the new state govern- ment. And in 1867 the Governor appointed him Commissioner to select the Capitol building and University lands. JUDGE SAMUEL MAXWELL 29 About the year 1870 he organized the First National Bank of Plattsmouth, with which institution he was connected for some time. In April, 1871, he was elected from Cass county to the second Constitutional Convention, which met in Lincoln in May of that year, and continued in session until the following September. Pie was chairman of the Committee on Suffrage, and was one of the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature to collect the ?72,000 insurance for the burned Asylum at Lincoln, and adopt plans and erect a new building. In 1872 he was elected to the Supreme Coiirt on the Republican ticket. The judges at that time were also judges of the District Courts, and Judge Maxwell was assigned by the Legislature to the third district — then comprising all the territory north of the Platte river except Douglas and Sarpy counties. In order to be more accessible to his district he moved to Fremont in 1873, where he has since resided. He was elected from Dodge county in 1875 to the third Con- stitutional Convention, and was chairman of the Judiciary Com- mittee. In the following October he was elected judge of the Supreme Court for the six-year term under the new constitution, and was again elected in 1881 and 1887. Judge Maxwell has also been an industrious author on the sub- ject of Procedure, and his works are authority in all the Code states. In 1877 he prepared a digest of the Nebraska Reports; and in 1879 published the first edition of his Practice in Justice Courts, which has now reached the sixth edition. In 1880 he published Pleading and Practice^ which has also reached the sixth edition. He published Criminal Procedure in 1887, which has since passed another edition, and in 1892 his work on Code Plead- ing was published. He was elected Representative to Congress in 1896 on the Free Silver ticket. For several years he has held the chair of Lecturer on Code Pleading in the College of Law. Although Judge Maxwell has passed his three-score years and ten, he is still alert and active and is an indefatigable worker. Hon. Frank Irvine, of Omaha, who is the lecturer on Damages, is among the youngest men in the faculty. He was born in Sharon, Pa., September 15, 1858. In that state he spent his ear- lier years. These j^ears must have been profitably spent for in 1880 he graduated from Cornell with the degree of A.B. Three years later he took the degree of LL.B. at the National Univer- sity at Washington, D. C. He was then almost twenty -fire years old and began his practice. Success seems to have followed him closely. From 1891 to 1893 he was district judge; and in ISltS he was chosen Supreme Court Commissioner, which position he still occupies. He is a rather small, delicate appearing man with none of the adipose tissue supposed to be essential in judges and legal lumi- naries. His voice is appealing and persuasive. He evidently seeks to mould the opinions of his hearers by the logical force of his arguments and not after the manner of Aaron Burr who said ' ' law is a proposition boldly set forth and plausibly maintained ". His opinions are highly esteemed for their nicety of discrimi- nation and keenness of analysis. Being thoroughly prepared for the practice of his chosen profession and with a natural bent to the solution of the problems afforded the judge, his opinions are logical, accurate, and of such a character as to reflect great credit upon the bar of the state. 3u&ge n). ^. ZHunger It is a compliment to the discrimination of the faculty of the College of Law, that a man who was chosen from among the members of the bar of the state to lecture on Municipal Corpora- tions should be later appointed to the eminent position now occu- pied by Mr. Munger. William Henry Munger was born in Bergen, N. Y. , September 12, 1845. He spent his earlier years there and later studied law in Cleveland, Ohio. For many years he has practiced law in Ne- braska, his home being in Fremont. That he occupied a promi- nent position in that community is evidenced by the fact that he was chosen as a member of the Constitutional convention held in 1875. He has never been at any time a politician, being content to practice the profession and that alone. By so doing he achieved the position as leader of the bar in that part of the state. He was a democrat in politics and during the last campaign was with the sound money wing of the democracy. February 19, 1897, Mr. Munger was confirmed as judge of the United States Court in the district of Nebraska. His appointment seems to have been very felicitous. Lawyers from every party congratulated him upon his success in life, and themselves that so able and fair a judge was to preside in the federal court. Judge Munger has reaped the rich reward of a man who works faithfully and presses toward the mark of his high calling. He has been preferred not on account of political service but as a compliment to his ability as a lawyer. fjon. 3o^n ^- VOatson John C. Watson was born September 20, 1850, at St. Louis, Missouri. After completing his common school education he en- tered the University of Michigan, where he graduated in 1873. Upon being admitted to the bar he located in Nebraska, and has made this state his home ever since, during which time he has established a wide reputation as an acute and able jurist. As a criminal lawyer he easily leads the Nebraska bar. In 1878 he was elected district attorney of the Second Judicial District, comprising the counties of Lancaster, Cass, Nemaha, and Otoe, serving four terms in that capacity. He was elected to the legislature in 1887, and in 1889 as float representative from Otoe and Cass counties was elected speaker of the house, in which capacity he achieved distinction as a parliamentarian. He was also re-elected to the house in 1891 and 1893. Under Presi- dent Harrison he was tendered the position of attorney general of Alaska, but declined the appointment. In 1894 he was elected to the state senate. Mr. Watson holds the chair of Lecturer on Criminal Law in the College of Law, which position he has held for five years. His home is in Nebraska City. fjon. rDtlltam W. (Biffin The subject of this sketch was born December 14, 1853, in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania. His parents were both Ameri- cans; their ancestors for several generations having been natives of Pennsylvania. He received the common school education in his native county and attended Sewickley Academy at the same place. Later he also attended Knox College, Illinois. Judge Griff en is a graduate of the Law Department of the State University of Iowa, where he received the degree of LL.B. in 1876. After coming to Nebraska he was four years county judge of York county. His present home is at Tecumseh, where he is a member of the law firm of Davidson & Giffen. He holds the chair of Lecturer on Wills, in the College of Law, which position he has held for some time and fills with credit. He is not a large man, but what he lacks in size he makes up in energy and serious, intense interest in his work. He is in love with his subject and always ready and anxious to explain the difficult points. 3ubge 3acob ^avocdt Judge Jacob Fawcett, lecturer on the Law of Insurance, was born at Benton, LaFayette county, Wisconsin, April 9, 1847. He attended a country district school until the age of fourteen, but had none of the advantages of a high school or college educa- tion, as he enlisted in the army before he had attained his fifteenth birthday, and remained in the war till its close. He was wounded at Shiloh three days before he was fifteen. Before going into the army he had commenced to learn the trade of blacksmithing, and he took this occupation up as soon as he laid down his arms. Mr. Fawcett, at this time, began the study of law, working at his forge during the day and reading Blackstone by the light of the midnight oil. He was admitted to the bar in the same county where he had formerly plied his trade as a blacksmith. Before coming to Nebraska Judge Fawcett served four years in the city council of Galena, Illinois, and held numerous other positions of trust. He was elected judge in the fourth judicial district of Ne- braska November 5, 1895, which position he now holds. ^on. XD. 5. Summers Hon. "Williamson S. Summers, lecturer on Statutory Construc- tion, came to Nebraska in 1885. At the age of fourteen his par- ents settled in La Salle county, 111., where he remained until taking his college course. He first attended Cornell University, and afterwards Iowa State Agricultural College, from which latter institution he graduated in 1884 with the degree of LL.B. After taking special courses in oratory in Chicago and Cincinnati, he took a course in law and political science at Ann Arbor. During vacations Mr. Summers studied law in the office of Duncan McDougall, of Ottowa, 111., and on coming to Nebraska began the practice of law in Beatrice. He immediately took great interest in the political movements in the state, and in 1886 and every campaign since he has figured conspicuously as a cam- paign speaker. Mr. Summers was appointed as deputy Attorney General five years ago and while in that position attained con- siderable prominence before the state. He always encourages the students by his announcement that the subject of Statutory Construction is one of the dryest and most abstract of subjects, and that it is only endured because of the absolute necessity of mastering it. After this announcement they are in such a frame of mind that if surprised at all it must be an agreeable surprise. B. 5. (5oob Mr. B, F. Good was born April 2, 1860, near Bloomfield, Iowa, where he resided until 1882. Supplementary to a thorough com- mon school education, he attended the Southern Iowa Normal School, from which institution he graduated in 1882. In this same year he entered the State University of Iowa, taking a special course in history and languages, and graduating from the law department of the university in 1885 with the degree of LL. B. In August of 1885 Mr. Good came to Nebraska and settled at Wahoo. He formed a partnership with Mr. E. E. Good and immediately took up the practice of law at that place. He has made Wahoo his home during his entire residence in Nebraska, and the firm of Good & Good has become well known to the legal fraternity of the state. For five years Mr. Good has held the position of leturer on "Limitations of Actions," and has become deservedly popular in that somewhat abstruse, but very important branch of the law. He was married in June, 1890, to Miss Jennie Jessen, of Ne- braska City, and they have two children. His ample good nature is accounted for by the fact that, as he says, "His father and mother were Irish, and he is Irish too." Although never aspir- ing to political prominence, he takes great interest in the move- ments of the day, and is a firm believer in the principles of democracy. Dr. 3ames €. (Breene Dr. James L. Greene was born at Shelbyville, Indiana, in 1861, of American parentage. He remained in his native state until 1890, since which time he has resided in Nebraska. His education was pursued in the common and high schools of Morgan county, Indiana, until the fall of 1880. He then taught in the country and graded schools of that county and studied medicine during vacations. Soon after this he went to the University of Vermont where he attended the full course of lectures in the medical department and graduated from the University in June, 1884. In the examina- tions for degrees he stood fourth, out of a class of one hundred and twenty-six. Dr. Greene began practicing medicine immediately after com- pleting his education, and remained at Morgantown, Indiana, un- til coming to Nebraska in 1890, and locating at University Place. In April, 1893, Dr. Greene was appointed physician at Norfolk Hospital for the Insane, where he remained until June, 1895, at which latter time he received the appointment of first assistant superintendent in the Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, at Lin- coln. After holding this position for a few months, he resigned in order to take up his practice again, since which time he has given special attention to diseases of the mind and nervous system. Although this is the first year that Dr. Green has been con- nected with the law school, his lectures were very popular. The subject of his lectures is Insanity — from the medical standpoint alone. Vflxs. 2Tlary D. IHanning MRS. MARY D. MANNING, instructor : in oratory for the College of Law, is a grad- uate of the Boston School of Oratory from •which institution she was graduated in ISSi. At that time Dr. R. R. Raymond was dean of the school. During the following year she took a graduate course in the same in- stitution, and in 1SS6 studied under Prof. T. Brown, formerly professor of oratory i at Tufts college. Mrs. Manniag became I .. , connected Avith the University of Nebraska as instructor in oratory and elocution in 1S94, which position she still retains. During the summer of 1S9J) she studied with Mrs. Laura Y. Tindale, of Chicago, and the coming summer expects to visit New York and Boston to spe- cialize in oratorj^ and the philosophy of expression. She is an en- thusiastic worker in her chosen field, and seeks always to be abreast of the times in her subject. as Wi IDcre To tell all the happenings, during our junior year, which might be of interest, would certainly be a task of no small magnitude. I will content myself, therefore, with simply noting a few of those incidents as they come to my mind, which seem to stand out more conspicuous than the rest. The junior law student, take him all in all, is an interesting personage to dwell upon. He is an ambitious individual. His mark is high, his aspirations know no bounds. He has perused the lives of a few great men at least, which remind him that he may also make his life sublime, and so he comes to the scene of action, enters the great field of law, begins the arduous task of mastering the broadest and noblest profession known to man, with a confidence of ultimate success that must be amazing to the old practitioner who has served the bar and bench from a quar- ter to a half century, and who knows better even than a Senior the multitude of intricate problems and principles that necessar- ily must confront every beginner, to test his metal, try his nerve, and prove his knowledge and skill in the law before he can be assured of even a reasonable degree of success. Well it is that the storm signal, indicating the coming of conflicting opinions, the clashing of authorities, and last but not least the final examin- ations, is to him obscured in the distance, else he might grow weary and faint at heart at the very beginning. Again, well it is for him that these dangers are plainly visible to the good Dean, who has ever the happy faculty of presenting them to the stu- dents of his class, with profuse illustrations, just in time to avoid disastrous results, to say nothing of fatalities. The class entered upon the study of Blackstone, as soon as school opened, and there some of us found sufficient food for thought to keep us awake nights; for the diet was so strong, and it was given in such liberal doses, that new patients invariably had to take it with a little mixture of mid-night oil in order to digest well. But as there is an end to all things, so in the course of human events AS WE WERE 41 we finally laid aside Mr. Justice Blackstone's commentaries, and at the request of the Dean, attempted to write a short treatise on the common law of England ourselves, from memory, under sixty odd headings, and covering more or less the entire subject. It is needless to say that we furnished the Dean with some very valuable reading matter, touching the questions propounded to us, the perusal of which must have occupied his spare moments for a considerable time thereafter. I doubt very much if ever again in the career of the law student there comes a time when he thinks he knows so much law as after having passed a creditable final examination in Blackstone. In connection with the study of the common law of England we took up Domestic Relations. I need not emphasize here that this was a very interesting subject, for so much will be presumed. Here we learned the theory of marriage making, the legal effect of marriages that are made, and how unhappy couples may dis- solve the matrimonial ties. In theory there are three general re- quisites to make a marriage: first, that the parties have a will to marry; second, that they can marry; and third, that they actu- ally do marry. But in practice it seems that any one of the three is abundantly sufficient, for we know that if the parties have a will to get married that settles it, or if they can marry they are bound to do so, or if they really do marry it matters little in prac- tice whether they can or v:!ll. Contracts were taken up the second term and the almost in- finite number and variety of transactions into which the subject enters were fully elucidated by Professor Bobbins. It was sometimes rather diificult to see just where there was a meeting of minds, or to understand what constituted the good or valuable consideration in a particular contract, but at those times liberal faith in the author or instructor very often had quite a material tendency to relieve us of all doubts in the premises. Agency, a subject closely allied to contracts, was also covered during the second term, and the doctrine of doing an act by another which a party might do by himself, or being held accountable for the act of another the same as if done by himself, received due consider- ation. It is by the application of this principle of agency that a party may sometimes be said to have acquired knowledge without 42 THE DIGEST study, or in other words, knowledge may be imputed to him which he does not in fact possess, provided it is in the mind of his agent, for knowledge in the agent is knowledge in the principal. Though agency is a proper subject for discussion in the class room, it seems to be improper for a student to exemplify the principle of it while he is reciting or during the time he is taking examinations, for these acts, according to the weight of authori- ties, cannot be done through the employment of an agency. But upon this question the opinions are by no means harmonious, and upon principle it is difficult to reconcile them. The better rule, however, and that which has been followed by our department, is the one stated above. Other subjects treated of during the Junior year and which came in for their full share of the time, were Sales, Bailments and Carriers, Partnership, Criminal Law, and Notes, Bills, and Checks, but as my space in this volume is limited, and my time for writing this article is borrowed, it must suffice to make mere mention of them here. Special lectures on such important sub- jects as Insurance, Police Powers, Water Rights, Cases and how to find them, were given by leading attorneys and judges of the state, during the year, and note books prepared and handed in for inspection and approval. The Juniors commenced to hold moot court trials among them- selves as early as before the Christmas holidays, and continued them during the year, having a case docketed about once in every two weeks, at times oftener. Usually some one of the seniors would sit as judge when the trial was had, and then it was that the Juniors envied him not a little in his exalted position. In this connection N. D. Burch, a junior, on the list of those who dropped out, deserves special mention for instituting, arranging and being more or less connected with nearly all these trials. He would bring an action against a fellow student on the slightest pretext, and prosecute to the full extent of the law. During the spring term each Junior, as a part of the regular course, had to prosecute or defend a case in justice moot court, based upon a statement of testimony furnished by Professor C. A. Robbins. These cases as a rule were well worked up and the Juniors took considerable pride in winning them. as tPe are. Brilliant October weather greeted us when we descended upon Lincoln at the beginning of the Senior year. There were greet- ings between friend-i who had not met since the previous June. Lies were "swapped" and wonderful vacation tales were told. We were all bulging with political news from our own partic- ular sections of the country. Jones was morally certain that Mc- Kinley would sweep Idaho in November. John DeYarman Smith, who had returned, together with his name, from Iowa, took Sun- dry and several of his friends into quiet corners and told them to bet their simoleons that Bryan would go out of the Hawkeye state with seventy thousand majority. Sid. White, who had evi- dently been associating with a gang of ward heelers in South Omaha, appeared resplendent in a "loud" suit and a bright red necktie, and offered to bet $5,000 that the champion of silver would carry Nebraska. Flaherty was back with his expansive upper lip and his Hibernian cast of countenance. Most of the old boys drifted in and our erstwhile lone girl (God bless the girls!) found solace in the presence of another one of the emancipated to keep her company on the front seats. When we looked over the "large and intelligent audience" that greeted Professor Wilson at his first lecture we discerned a lot of new faces. Greenfield had come from Lexington with his popu- listic ideas and his insane desire to wear low shoes regardless of the weather. Hassler had walked in from Pawnee City and brought with him a pair of glasses and a ministerial expression which never left him. Frank Brown answered "present" the first afternoon and hasn't said a word since. Babcock, Carr, Creigh, Goodner, Gates, Green, Parker, Ridgley, True, and Wallis also shed the light of their countenance upon us for the first time. But this history is not the leap year edition of a country weekly and I shall not enumerate at length the numerous virtues of our charming new comers. The term started off beautifully. Professor Wilson, after the 44 THE DIGEST first roll-call of his class in Evidence, explained at great length that he was teaching the most important branch of the law, and that no student could hope to be a bright star in the legal firma- ment unless he firmly grasped the principles about to be eluci- dated. The next day Professor Robbing, in Common Law Plead- ing, fixed us with his eagle eye and told us that no study in the curriculum was half so important .as the one we were then be- ginning. Judge Webster occuiped the instructor's desk on Friday. The Judge carefully wiped his spectacles, smiling be- nignly as he did so. Then he said, " Young ladies and gentle- men, I but voice the sentiment of all great lawyers when I say that Equity transcends in importance all other departments of juridical learning. 1, trust you will realize this and give Equity the attention it deserves." We at once felt that grave responsibilties rested on our should- ers and we began our work with great vigor. How could we feel or act otherwise when we were engaged upon three studies each of which was more important than any other ? After the year was fairly begun we found much to keep us busy. The presidential campaign was on and was fully as ab- sorbing as the excellent works of Bispham and Stephen. Some of the class and a large part of the faculty pretended to study law during the day and made political speeches at night whenever and wherever crowds could be found patient enough to listen to them. The joint debate between the sound money and Bryan clubs of the University attracted its share of attention, since three of the four speakers were from the Law College. Interestir\i^ as the campaign was, its results caused no deaths in the class and the vocal organs of the Dean and Professor Robbins and Flahr-rty gradually returned to their normal condition. With one exception the class elections, which are usually events of great interest, attracted comparatively little attentitvn. The election at the beginning of the year, when Smith beat Wil- lis for president by the narrow margin of one vote, caused a rip- ple of excitement but succeeding meetings of the class were very peacable. Should I fail to mention the December election of the Maxwell club the omission would never be forgiven. Few of us will ever AS WK ARE 45 forget the eagerness with which the barbs dug ballots out of the waste basket, or the pained surprise apparent on the faces of the frats when they witnessed the hostile demonstrations of their oppo- nents. For weeks the two factions struggled for possession of the presidential chair. The daily papers of the city teemed with news of the conflict, and the college publications added their voices to the tumult. Finally the chancellor, fearful that the janitor would some morning find the law room slippery and sloppy with gore, prorogued the club until the end of the semester, and sweet Peace fluttered back from the mountains where she had been sojourning in fear and trembling. The course of the Twenty-fifth Nebraska Legislative session was followed with more or less interest. The bookkeeper of the sen- ate was taken from the class, and several alumni of the University held positions either as members or officers of the upper and lower houses. Then, too, our attention was attracted by the large num- ber of fresh bills, which the teeming brains of our legislators brought forth. The anti-fraternity bill, the anti-football bill, and the bill to change the requirements for admission to the bar will probably never be excelled as monumental curiosities. The year has not been remarkable for startling occurrences. But, as the apparently insignificant happenings are cherished longest in the memory and remain to comfort us after more stir- ring events are forgotten, it may be well to recall a few of the little things which have made us laugh during the months just passed. Who of us will ever forget Flaherty's announcement that "a bill of revivor was filed when a former complainant was laboring under death or other disability," the "other disability," of course, being marriage. The reply of Placek to the carefully worded question of Judge Reese as to whether a certain transaction constituted a mortgage or conditional sale will probably never be excelled. Mr. Placek thought the question over and then replied, ".Yes, sir, I think it would." We have all preserved for future use the two little narratives of the Dean in regard to the man who fell out of bed because he " slept too close to the place where he got in at," and the remark- 4:6 THE DIGEST able rifle ball that pierced seven feet of solid steel by reason of the unusual powers of concentration. True will always remember the afternoon when he gallantly es- corted Judge Webster's daughter into the equity class and smil- ingly sat down beside her, only to have the Judge read him an extended lecture a few minutes later. If we live a thousand years the picture of the real property class will remain fresh in the galleries of memory. I can shut my eyes now and see the Dean, as from day to day he despairingly looked over the aggregation of hopeless imbecility before him, and strove in vain to detect some evidence of intellect and under- standing in the students who received his explanations of legal principles with vacant and meaningless stares. In years to come the Real Property class of this year will be referred to as a com- pany of fiunkers who won their championship through sheer ig- norance and clung to it with a grip like grim death. But enough of these filmy nothings. As the year draws to a close we are beginning to see how valuable the weeks spent here have been to us, and we appreciate, as never before, the efficient corps of instructors who have labored so faithfully to make some- thing presentable out of the crude material that Providence has thrown in their way. If we don't set the world afire it will not be the fault of the faculty. They have done their duty. It only remains for us to do ours. political Snap Sl^ois If the members of '97 were followers of Brahma and believed that their ultimate end was a condition in which they should be alike and thus become re-absorbed into Brahma, their political views would be very seriously in the way, and the ideal state could only be obtained by a very rigorous course of asceticism. Nearly every political party in the heavens above or the earth beneath or the waters under the earth, has its followers in the class from the gold democrats, by Green, to the woman's suffra- gists, by Babcock, and the old adage that "great minds run in the same channel " is proven to be false. The political personnel of the class is about the following; republicans, twenty-one; sibber re- publicans, three; democrats, six; gold democrats, one; populists, four. However, the members do not agree with their respective parties entirely upon the leading questions. On the question of protection and free trade, twenty-three favor the first and eleven the latter. On the money question the members are hard to clas- sify — as hard for themselves as for the writer. Twenty-two are bimetallists, five are mono-metallists, and the other eight are un- decided but take their stand unqualifiedly on the St. Louis plat- form. Their reasons for their beliefs are such as would make Mc- Kinley or Bryan turn green with envy. Here are a few: Gates, "I am for gold because we read in the good Book 'And Aaron made unto the children of Isreal a golden calf and set it up before them and they fell down and worshipped it.'" Goodner, "I be- lieve in the eternal principles laid down by our forefathers that ' all men are created free and equal." White, ' ' I am for silver be- cause it is and has been the money of the Chinese for the last ten thousand years. " Parker, " I am a believer in the New Testament, and is it not written that Judas sold his master for thirty pieces of silver, proving beyond a doubt that silver has always been rec- ognized as money?" Jones, "I am a believer in bimetallism, I — ^1 mean a mono-metallist," — well, I stand on the St. Louis 48 THE DIGEST platform. D. L. Wilson, "Shakespeare has lago say to Rod- erigo, 'Pat money in thy purse': now it is evident since the spa- cific gravity of gold is greater than that of silver that he did not mean for Laertes to carry the heavier metal about with him but the lighter hence we have the great authority of Shakespeare on the side of silver with many authorities which I might mention chief among which I am whom." Woman's suffrage has received more or less attention, as it should, from the bright intellects of the embryo lawyers. Seven- teen are in favor of women receiving no franchise whatever, and, strangely enough, the married men are all on this side; while twelve think women should receive even and equal rights with men. Six of the younger members, Creigh, Flaherty, Manville, C. O. Brown, Hassler, and Thompson, say they have not had time to think the matter over and prefer to give no opinion. A few of the reasons given are so philosophical that they should be included. Miss Go tf, "I do not believe specially in woman's right's but human rights. Women are human and therefor it fol- lows, as the night the day, that they should receive the same rights." F. E. Brown, "I have always thought that, "Nil sine magno Vita labore dedit mortatibus." Coleman, "I believe that sweet, gentle woman, she with the syl- phan form and eyes of heavenly light — she whose image is ever before me, sleeping or waking — is far too frail and fragile to have the cumbrous affairs of state thrust upon her to weary her delicate sensibilities and therefore I discountenance it. If she should ever be placed before the ballot box with a ballot in her hand I should feel justified to declare in the words of the poet: No more will I endure love's pleasing pains, Or 'round my heart's leg tie his galling chain. — Selah. Placek, "I don't know that I am much opposed to suffrage my- self, but "Meine mutter hat's gewollt, Dasz ich anders denken soUt." Hay ward, "If we were to allow women to vote they would all ^et to wearing bloomers, so I am opposed to it." Carr, "Paul says 'women obey your husband,' and I am afraid POLITICAL SNAP SHOTS if* suffrage would be prolific of much domestic trouble, therefore I oppose it."' If General Colby concludes to go to Cuba to fight for 'Cuba libre " he will do well to establish a recruiting station near the University, so the warlike disciples of Blackstone may have an opportunity to enlist. Six members of the class, only, are in favor of allowing the dusky Cubans to fight out their own salva- tion. Twenty-three are in favor of the United States interfering and compelling Spain to withdraw, while the other six, headed by the little Miles Standish of the class. Matthews, are in favor of Uncle Sam"s simply taking the island for his own. Says ilatthews: "Give me ten such men as Mousel and Gustin, arm us with six-shooters such as Buffalo Bill uses, give us a butcher knife and a skillet apiece, and fifteen years' provisions and I'll guarantee to run Weyler and his hirelings into the sea or worry them to death." He continues: "The great drawback to an en- ergetic campaign in Cuba is a species of quasi-vertebrata known as the ro.na fxi.te>ifj'iMno.. which in the daytime betake themselves to the fastnesses of the mountains and the marshes and in the night, under cover of the darkness find their way into the camp of the soldiers and swallow half-a-dozen apiece. This is very discour- aging to the soldiery and hinders much. Then sickness did ham- per the Spaniard a good deal, but Weyler's " trochas " have almost overcome that." Miss Madeen makes a suggestion which savors of the practical. " Why not," she -^ays, ■" trade the west- ern portion of Nebraska and Kansas for Cuba and then raise f-ugar beets and populists down there. It would save us two very expensive luxuries at home and put the island to a good use." Eisser, True, Ridgeley, and Miller discussed the question care- fully and evolved this: "The United States should annex Cuba and then endeavor to establish a sort of a reciprocity in a trade of ice cream and palm leaf fans. Just think of it! We could get fans for half a cent apiece if it were not for the tariff which we pay. And then the increased exportation of milk and cream would encourage the farmers to raise more cows and put in more pumps, thus increasing our business, giving employment to thousands of idle men, women, and children, and resulting ulti- mately in a restoration of confidence and giving to the McKinley administration an opportunity to redeem its pledges." (Dm Ct^tng anb Ctnotl^cr No one will deny that life with the law student is a serious matter. Every one has noticed that while other students hasten to their daily duties with flying feet, the disciple of Blackstone ap- proaches the Pierian spring with measured step and slow. If you search in the domain of society for these persons the return of non est inventus must be made. Do you wonder that a man borne down with the burden of the law seeks no relaxation in society? These embryo jurists have learned that life is a series of contracts express or implied, and he that would avoid serious complications must walk circumspectly. Some have learned this from books, others in the stern school of experience. Here and there are married men who, like Goodner, assert that marriage is not, as Mr. Bobbins says, a civil contract but a simple one. Almost all of us have learned that he who follows in the train of society, and strives to keep pace with the flying fashions has neither strength to handle the ponderous tomes nor time in which to seek principles deftly concealed therein. But despite such solemnity we have had pleasures. In the hurry of life many things have been forgotten (we learned that in the real property examination); but a few still cling to us. Who can recall the answers of Dad Coleman, often more ingenious than accurate, without wishing that a phonographic record had been kept? C. L. Wilson, from "down on the Nemahaw" nearly bankrupted the Merchants Hotel during his first week in town, but balanced the account by being sick three days as a re- sult of his voracity. "Chief Justice" Miller, the man who always "knew of several real cases like that down home," furnished the most "clear, cogent, succinct, and persuasive" reasons for his studying law. The exposure to the elements while in the grocery business (he drove the wagon), coupled with a predisposition to lung trouble, led him to choose the law that he might always be near the stove. ONE THING AND ANOTHER 51 Mr. Placek achieved renown as the greatest humorist. It seemed to be spontaneous with him. The "good Dean," desir- ing to draw from him the idea of relationship by blood, and Mr • Placelc being rather refractory, asked him what it was that sup- ported the body and ramified the very extremities from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet. Placek, equal to the emergency, responded "bones." Sid White was a mixture in equal parts of Dave Hill and Tom Piatt. He carried with him a melliiiuous horse laugh which he used in all jokes. It was his chef-d'oeuvre. The slightest ap- proach to humor on the part of the lecturer would be heralded by a sound like a horse fiddle at a charivari, and every one knew that Sid White was encouraging the lecturer. Dr. Greene in one of his lectures, told of a certain variety of feminine hysteria which commenced with a constriction of the waist. F. E. Brown, who seldom volunteered anything, an- nounced that he knew of just such a case here in Lincoln. He claims it is only by hearsay. Mr. Gustin is far from being conservative and sought to be- come famous by Ms innovations in procedure, in which he had no small body of followers. Having learned in common law plead- ing what a departure is, he sought to introduce a new form into equity. It was a departure in the nature of an exit by the win- dow. This was overruled by the court as being in the nature of a surprise. Mr. True was once asked what was the difference between a general and a special demurrer. His response was, "It differs only in the words." He claimed this result was reached by his mathematical mind after long hours of study. We all had our failings upon one occasion when we unani- mously asserted that under the enlightened practice of the United States it was not only lawful, but it was highly advan- tageous for a man to marry his widow's sister — provided she would have him. Ignorcmtia legis neminem excusat. If any of us succeed in be- ing admitted to the bar it will be because the maxim has failed and ignorance of the law Tias excused us. The sagacious prophet founds his revelation upon carefully considered judgement. He may pretend that he derives inspira- tion and information from supernatural sources, but all his pre- tences are so thin that a man with a hoodwink over his eyes can see through them. 1 have never been specially favored of the gods, because the gods evidently don't consider that I am "their class of people." I possess no gift of second sight. I have only limited faculties, and they are all required to keep me out of the county jail and the insane asylum. I never look into magic mirrors, because I looked into an ordinary mirror once and the sight I beheld gave ms lung disease. I have never stopped Father Time in a dark alley and asked him to divulge his secrets. He will overtake all of us soon enough anyway, and I can see no good to be obtained by following him about. The little forecasts given here are based upon my acquaintance with the individuals for whom they have been prepared. Every person shows certain traits, certain inclinations, and certain tastes and desires, which indicate the path he will tread. I have founded the opinions, which I here give to the world, upon a care- ful and prolonged study of the leading characteristics of my classmates. AMott will never make a lawyer. He is too neat and doesn't talk enough-. He will find his niche in life as proprietor of a steam laundry. In that business he will be able to turn out nice white clothes, and between deliveries he can sit at a mahogany desk and quietly consider the prices charged for renovating pillow shams and socks. Bcibcoch is too much of a gentleman to follow the legal profes- sion. The profession of floor-walker in a millinery store will claim him as its own. His soothing voice will come into excel- lent use in an emporioum where the fair sex congregate. PROPHECY 63 F. E. Brown will make a good driver for a dray. His voice is harsh and grating, and if it fails to get action out of a pair of ossified sorrel mules, everything will fail. During the past year the professors have frequently cautioned Brown against Ms vocif erousness in class. It would be a grievous wrong should so roisy a human being be forced into the quiet of a law office. Carr. — The obscurity of the pastorate of some country church yearns for Carr. His benevolent expression and his bald head would be out of place in halls of justice. As a coun- try preacher he can listen to the troubles of old women and the ■confidences of young men. He can officiate at weddings and christenings and shed pearls of wisdom along life's highway. Would that I had Carr's future before me. Gr&igh will make a nice waiter for a summer hotel. He has an erect bearing that fits him for carrying trays, and his sweet ways will be very efficacious in coaxing tips from the pockets of opu- lent guests. The law hates to lose him, but the summer hotel is deserving of something good, and it will get that something when it gets Creigh. Coleman w'A\ travel with a circus as " Signer Garanello, the Iron Jawed Man." He has overworked his jaw to such an ex- tend that great ridges of muscle cover his lower maxillary. "Dad " will look very pretty in red tights. People should travel miles and miles on horseback and on foot to see him. Flaherty has a fortune before him as a vender of Brazilian •corn salve and Japanese headache cure. His unusual flow of lan- guage, his adamantine gall, and his rotund countenance will win bim immediate success in any community where he shows his remedies. Goodner is much too honest to join the wranglers who inflict the bench and bar. He will doubtless become an evangelist. His smooth shaven face, his gold-bowed glasses, and his general air of sincerity will make him a power in calling sinners to repent- ance. He should fill the front benches nightly. Gates. — A man who can predict anything of Gates will have to be a seventh son of a seventh son. Jesse shows such unusual taste and so many freaks of disposition that I acknowledge my- self baffled when I try to outline his future. For instance, he 54 THE DIGEST wore an ' ' ice cream " suit all winter and now, that summer is- here, he has appeared in an outfit of black. What can one say of a man who acts like that ? Goff. — A good many famous people hare already come out of Nebraska, and many more celebrities will go out from this state in the future. Miss Goff will be one of them. There is no ques- tion as to her succeeding Susan B. Anthony as national presi- dent of the W. A. W. S. A. , when Susan finally lays down this life's burdens. Oreenfield will make a good newspaper editor. His unlimited capacity for prevarication and his cheerful optimism under all circumstances will make him an ideal occupant of the editorial tripod. Ouatin will be satisfied with nothing less than a United States district attorneyship. His keen legal insight will stand him in good stead in the important battles he will be compelled to wage for Uncle Samuel. Green ought to make a good plasterer or hod carrier. He has tried everything else and failed and he ought to succeed at something. Hassler is designed for the impecunious father of a large family. He is just the kind of a mild mannered man who always has a crowd of ragged youngsters clinging to his coat-tails and no bread with which to feed them. This is rather a gloomy prog- nostication for Hassler but it is the best I can do for him. Sildreth will develop into a botanist. His gentle ways ought to make him a great favorite with the flora of this whirling sphere. His glasses, his nicely brushed clothes, his unostenta- tious manners, all show him to be a lover of nature. He does violence to his tastes when he studies law. HoA/wa/rd will make an exceptional baggage smasher. He is big and brawny and strong. He is able to pickup a trunk, bring it down on a depot platform and send its contents careening down Nebraska's playful zephyrs. I cannot understand why a young Hercules like Hayward persists in studying law. Jones will doubtless drift back into the business he left when he entered the law school, that of train boy on a through freight. PROPHECY 55 The work is not arduous and Jones will doubtless make a success of it in the future as he has in the past. Killen will become a butcher. His ample feet, generous hands, and massive arms betoken a man who has the ability to throw an obstreperous steer against a slaughter house door and break his neck. Killen will master the mysteries of pickled pig's feet and liver sausage much easier than he has solved the problems con- tained in Blackstone and Tiedeman. Madeen. — Miss Madeen will iind her law of little value. She will marry and become the mother of a luxuriant family. She will be queen of a household rather than an advocate at the bar of an unfeeling court. Mawuille is such a pretty boy that he will find his true sphere only when he disgraces the Vaudeville stage by warbling (?) comic songs and winking at the pretty girls in his audiences across the footlights. Mattheivs has a successful future awaiting him as a church jan- itor. He glides about in such an unobtrusive manner and speaks in tones so low and even that he will be an ideal man to raise and lower windows during religious services, and to examine thei- mometers and whisper the results of his observations to the dea- cons in the front pews. Miller will be pleased to learn that the attorney generalship of the great commonwealth of Nebraska awaits him. He has devel- oped a belligerent disposition by long service as sargeant-at-arms of the Maxwell club, and this, together with his unusual legal acu- men, should win him prodigious success as a prosecuting officer. Mousel. — Very little can be predicted of a man who has associ- ated with Smith as long as Mousel has. Charley may develop into a justice of the peace and he may become a trainer of race horses. Either field will furnish many opportunities for the de- velopment of sterling traits of character. Pa/rJcer is the oldest man in the class and one of the most sedate, orderly, and substantial individuals in the University. If he sur- vives the abusive and threatening missives with which White and Manville deluge him in class he will become a Sunday school superintendent. Plaoek deserves something good if anyone does. Mr. Placek, 56 THE DIGEST if death does not gather him in, will some day reach the supreme bench of the United States. His aggressive personality, his pro- f oundity of thought, and his remarkable legal erudition will make him one of the brightest stars that has ever shown above the wool sack at Washington. Ridgley yf&s, made for a hermit. He studies alone and "of nights." He walks alone to and from recitations and sits alone in class. He resents familiarities and condemns frivolities. He will retire to the sand hills in the northern part of the state and formu- late a new system of religion. ^Mser is a fighter. He "scraps" just for the fun of "scrap- ping," and "chews the rag" from' sheer contrariness. He likes unpopular causes and champions unpopular men and measures. He will become the leader of the prohibition party in Chicago. Smith is one of the best men in the class. He does not intend to waste his talents on the law. With an eye to the main chance he will go to Milwaukee and start a brewery. Tnie is the only student in the University who is familiar enough with the members of the faculty to go into their private offices and give them pointers as to how the College of Law should be run. He will some day become private secretary to the president of the United States. Thompson expects to compile a cyclopedia. While preparing his thesis he read and made extracts from thirty-seven thousand cases, and habitually employed two colored gentlemen to carry his notes from place to place. He has sufficient experience to fit him for the task he expects to make his life work. White aspires to the office of postmaster in Carson precinct of Grant county, Idaho. His extended political experience will materially assist him in securing this plum. Mr. White is well qualified for the position he seeks. He has repeatedly walked into Lincoln from his Douglas county home, and he has served one term as sergeant-at-arms of the Maxwell Club. D. L. Wilson has a good deal of the philanthropist about him. He believes in doing good to mankind whenever and wherever he is given an opportunity. For that reason and because the occu- pation will be both lucrative and agreeable, he has decided to found and push to succcess a new Greek letter fraternity. The Brahmins have a legend which tells how one of the lesser deities created the material universe, and one of the ordinary an- gels peopled the earth. But when the subject of the creation of Youth was presented, all the millions of gods were required to work out that most wonderful and most dangerous gift — the youth of man. The legend further declares that the creation of a grown-up man was of so little consequence, that any one of them might have performed the act with ease; but the creation of youth, with its beauty, its possibilities, and its fateful charm, required the united genius of the pantheon. When they had finally wrought out their labor, and beheld what a perilous thing they had made, they debated a thousand years whether they should be- stow this gift upon the human race. When finally it was decided, a deputation of angels was sent to earth to endow humanity with this precious boon. Their mission done, they gathered about them a group of the young men and maidens, and said: "Now you have youth — what are you going to do with it? " The angels then re-ascended into the skies, the music of their voices floating back to earth and forever echoing from thought to nadir, from heart to Heaven — "Now you have youth, what are you going to -do with it?" Long ago, as this momentous query was echoing over the American desert, it brushed the minds of a group of sons of the "unexhausted west." Great souls they were — portions of eter- nity made on no "worn-out plan," masters of their own and other's fates. What are we going to do with our youth? Each looked into the other's eyes and each saw a purpose as good as their combined achievement was great. We'll form the Maxwell ■Club; its name shall be a "tower of strength," its purposes Web- fiterian. Then on the eve of that " Golden Clasp which binds to- gether the volume of the week " we'll meet together to worship at the shrine of the Attic quartette. 58 THE DIGEST Their work accomplished, the Maxwell Club has now for many- moons shed its beams of beneficent influence upon all who come within the pales of the Law School. We may judge of its use- fulness in the past only by the magic efi^ect it has had on some of the present members. Take Goodner, for instance, when he was first initiated he was so bashful he could scarce whisper his own name; now he can stand erect with both feet squarely on the floor, his left hand ensconsed in his pocket, the right poised in mid-air, and make the "worse appear the better reason." And hear Manville's words of "learned length," or Wilson; "And 'tis remarkable that they Talk most who have the least to say." and Risser, whose resistless eloquence wields at will that " fierce democracy"; or Smith's "words, words, words"; or Killen, graced with all the power of words, so known and so honored — ^by some; or Gates, who could "plead a bad cause down to worse"; and White, when he speaks " The air, a chartered libertine, is still. And the mute wonder lurketh in men's ears To steal his sweet and honeyed sentences." Miller would " Undertake to prove by force Of argument, a raan's no horse;" Warner's tongue drops manna; and Abbott, I say unto you let him have "contingent remainders" for his theme and his elo- quence will enthrone him with the arch-angels. And there is Greene, he can talk of every cause until he is hoarse and all he says is law; and Parker with that awful wisdom which inspects, discerns, compares, weighs, separates, seizes the right and holds it to the last. When Greenfield addresses us his "rising seems a pillar of state. Deep on his front engraven deliberation sits and public care!" There, too, are Flaherty and Coleman. Well, "God made them and therefore let them pass for men." In view of these and many more examples as notorious, it would seem none would doubt the efliciency of the Maxwell Club. Yet there is many a coy excuse for not participating regularly in its- deliberations, and many a vain denial of the benefits gained by those who diligently attend its meetings. For in this miniature THE MAXWELL CLUB 59" field of action there is betrayed every legal criterion. And this prophetic soul declares that a few decades hence, when the whirli- gig of time has ordained that the Maxwellian of Ninety-seven has dignified the bar and graced the bench, when his likeness is dis- played on the walls of every law school and well patronized law office in this land, along with Blackstone, Kent, Marshall, and Gray, when in his hand the beam of justice's scales stands sure, and his name becomes "The hope of all who suffer, The dread of all who wrong;" then will the authors of the following regret the slighted proffers- of the Maxwell Club. Folsom has "no nights off." Toby has "too much business." Cunningham goes "to watch the ama- teurs perform." Flaherty has "no time." Wilson can not attend because the chairman will not give him proper recog- nition. Jones, being a man of "or^Zmftry ability," but "a fair disposing" mind, thinks there is "nothing to be gained by such association," and the Maxwell Club thinks so too. Creigh attends to practice football. These answers, however, are not represen- tative ones. The great majority appreciate the benefits the club has for them, and desire to reciprocate and make the club, as Greenfield says, "the best in the University." As we come to the close of the year, and the class of '97 goes forth, each will pause on the threshold of the club-room, look longingly back, and breathe, "Farewell, a long farewell, to all my greatness." That is the scene of my contests and triumphs. The contests, and truly the triumphs, are liable to be less frequent now. Each feels prepared, however. All the disguised blessings of counsel and restraint have been lavishly bestowed upon him; and it would seem that where these twin sense-compellers labor so untiringly, nothing but innate perverseness could keep him from correct action. But the combined influence of counsel, restraint, and everlasting prodding will fall short of bringing some of us up to the "high standard of the complete lawyer." " Train his ears howe'er you will, A donkey is a donkey still." sSegal ^'^'^ternity of pt^i Delta pl]i LINCOLN CHAPTER FRATRES IN FACULTATE Judge Manoah B. Reese. Prof. Chaeles a. Robbins, Ph.B., Ph.M., LL.B. Prof. Henry H. "Wilson, Ph.B., A.M., LL.M. Judge Joseph R. Webster, A.B., A.M., ^ a e. Hon. John C. Watson, A.B., LL.B. Judge Frank Irvine, B.S., LL.B. Hon. Williamson S. Summers, B.Sc, LL.B., ATA. Judge Jacob Fawcett. Mr. B. F. Good, LL.B. FRATRES IN UNIVERSITATE 1897 William Henry Hayward, (^ a e, e n e. Ivan Wilbur Goodner. Mahlon Fritz Manville, A.B., SAB. Albert Sidney White, sae. Ward Hildreth, A.B., (pKip, (pBK. John De Yarman Smith. Frank Brown, A.B., A.M., * K ip. Beach Coleman, B.L. Charles Yoder Thompson, * k i/j. Jesse Tuck Parker, a k e. George Hampton Risser, 2 x. Charles Edwin Abbott. Guy Wilder Green, B. S. Sidney Merlin True. 1898 Frederick Rivard Du Frene, sab. George Edgar Tobey. George Stewart Ralston. Charles Franklin Ladd, D.D.S. ; i^ K *. Burton Wilbur Wilson, A.B, ^ k *, one. Charles Hudson Imhofp, ^ k *. Ernest C apron Ames, A.B., b e n, e n e. Ernest Clinton Folsom. FRATRES IN URBE Carlton C. Marley, A.B., LL.B., ATA. Henry Allen Reese, A.B., LL. B., Ben. John Howe Far well, LL.B., 2 A E, e N E. Ralph E. Johnson, A.B., LL.B. Philip Green, A.B., LL.B., Ben. John Cunningham, B.Sc, M.Ph., LL.B^ Otis G. Whipple, LL.B., A T a. w ■< a a pl^i Delta pl^i Founded at University of Michigan, 1869. CHAPTER KOLL. ' Kent, University of Michigan, 1869 Benjamin, Illinois Wesleyan University, 1878 Booth, Northern University, 1880 -Story, Columbia College, 1881 Cooley, St. Louis Law School, 1882 Pomeroy, University of California, 1883 Marshall, Columbia University, 1884 Jay, Albany Law School, 1884 Webster, Boston Law School, 1885 Hamilton, Cincinnati Law School, 1886 Gibson, University of Pennsylvania, 1886 •Choate, Harvard University, 1887 Waite, Yale University, 1887 Field, New York University, 1888 Conklin, Cornell University, 1888 Tiedeman, University of Missouri, 1890 Minor, University of Virginia, 1890 Dillon, University of Minnesota, 1891 Daniels, Buffalo Tia,w School, 1891 ■Chase, University of Oregon, 1891 Harlan, University of Wisconsin, 1891 iSwan, Ohio State University, 1893 McClain, State University of Iowa, 1893 Lincoln, University of Nebraska, 1895 Osg;oode, Law School of Upper Canada, 1896 _Fuller, Chicago College of Tja.w, 1896 " a IDorb to tlie IPise" BY JUDGE M. B. KEESE, DEAN To you who are about to take your leave of the College of Law, carrying with you your certificates of graduation, a parting word might not seem to be out of place. The two years of our association together have been years of pleasure to me and, I hope, not otherwise to you. You have labored faithfully and patiently, and your advancement has been a source of great pleasure, not only to me, but to all whose prov- ince it has been to assist you in your efforts. Were it not that we feel that you now enter upon lines of usefulness, and that by your upright conduct in your professional lines you will shed honor and luster upon your chosen profession, this would be a melancholy occasion. But I have faith in you, and believe that I will hear nothing but favorable reports from you. This is a consolation, and, notwithstanding the time to say "Good-bye" has come, we part with buoyant hopes and bright prospects for the future. Before taking Ifeave of you I desire to say that, while it is true that your progress has been rapid and your advancement all that could have been expected, yet with all your toil and application you cannot suppose that you have attained anything like perfec- tion in your calling. Perfection in law is never attained. The oldest and most successful practitioners and judges in our pro- fession are but students. Although you have succeeded well in your studies, and your prospects for future success are flattering indeed, yet you must not forget that you are still, and ever will be, students. You have attended the law school in order that you might learn how to study. As you advance in knowledge you will more clearly see that a great field for investigation and 64 THE DIGEST exploration is ever widening before you. The lawyer's life can never be a life of rest. In this, above all other professions, we find no "flowery beds of ease." Of all the learned professions, you have selected the most laborious and most exacting. The clergyman may discourse eloquently from the sacred desk, but if his logic or his theories do not suit his hearers they are simply cast aside with perhaps but a pa,ssing remark. There is no one to stand beside him and combat his assertions. The physician may stand beside his patient until the last hope of life is gone, and possibly until life itself has departed, but there is no one to stand before him and say, "This is your mistake." Not so with the lawyer. His very profession itself calls for — demands — an- tagonism. Every position he assumes, every argument he ad- vances, every point he presents is met, resisted, and combatted, and all his mistakes and errors laid bare to the world, particularly to his client. He is assailed upon every side. His positions, if advisedly taken, are ridiculed; his arguments are denounced as sophistries, and his "authorities" are declared to be "not in point." The midnight oil, shedding its light upon his books, is his only refuge, and he is forcibly reminded of the old proverb, that "There is no excellence without great labor." But you can succeed. You will succeed, if you but heed the admonition of the many thousands of our profession who have preceded you. Work, labor, toil; trouble and application is the lawyer's Hfe. If you would succeed you must be lawyers. Not the case lawyer, who fritters away his time waiting for clients to bring him cases to be "looked up" "after taking;" but the close, hard, persistent student of legal principles, the application of which he may be able and ready to make as soon as the case is presented. This is what is required of the individual who would be recognized by the members' of the profession as a lawyer. Let me impress upon your minds the fact that if you take the position in life which you should take, you have no time to lose. Some of you may be compelled by adverse circumstances to re- sort, temporarily, to some other calling until debts are paid or money accumulated with which to purchase the first books in your library. If this be true you will be required to submit to it; but in so doing you should not neglect your legal studies. "a word to the wise" 65 There is no such thing as remaining stationary. You must ad- vance or you will retrograde. Get hold of some law book. Read and study. Get another. Study and read. If you cannot procure the more desirable books, become the more familiar with those you have. Be sure that when you do enter upon your pro- fessional life you will know more than you now know. When you shall have entered upon that career, remember that you must make that your business. Whether you have clients or not, you will have no time for dissipation or loafing. Adopt for your motto the proverb of Dr. Franklin: "Keep thy shop and thy shop will keep thee." Eemember that a hundred lawyers rust out, to one who kills himself by hard labor. Start in life with the fixed purpose and intention of never under any possible circumstances (deviating from the path of inflexible, unbending and unyielding integrity. If you are worthy of the confidence of others, in any degree, you will have — you rrmst have in your keeping the money, property, rights, secrets, liberty, and lives of your clients. These, all, you must preserve, protect, maintain, and defend as you would your very existence. Never go into court with a case without the most careful and painstaking study of that particular case from every possible point of view. Know the facts on ioth sides. Study the law to be applied from the standpoint of your adversary as much as from your own. You have a chart — study it. As you value yourself, your standiag in your neighborhood, town, and county, keep out of local politics. The ward heeler, the politcal shyster, the manipulator of the primaries, and the standing local delegate who has a law office is about as contempti- ble a piece of humanity as is permitted to pollute the face of the earth. Never be found on the sidewalk or in any other public place "arguing politics." Entertain opinions upon all popular subjects, but form these from your own investigation of those subjects. Express them in moderation, but never take an intel- lectual scufiie and wallow on the streets. Do the greater portion of your talking in your neat, orderly and well kept office. preparation for tt]c Stuby of €atp BY PROFESSOR HENRY H. WILSON A question of supreme importance that should receive the care- ful consideration of every young man is the choice of the voca- tion in which he is to do his life's work. Many circumstances will justly have influence in the decision of this question. But circumstances often unconsciously have too muct influence in this respect. Too often mere chance influences are allowed to lead one into this or that business without any deliberate choice having been made and with no consideration of one's fitness for it. While everyone's surroundings and circumstances should receive due consideration in the choice of his vocation, he should not al- low himself to drift into any vocation merely by suffering him- self to go in the direction of the least resistance. His choice may often be influenced, and sometimes even con- trolled by circumstances, yet his life's work should be entered upon by deliberate choice and not become the unconscious result of circumstances. Next in importance to the choice of a vocation in life is the means of entering upon it with the best possible chances of ultimate suc- cess. It ought not to be necessary to say that certain natural qualifications are necessary to success in almost every vocation in life. That one has been successful in one line of work is no assurance that he would not have failed in others. No young man should ever look forward to the practice of law who has not in him the element of intellectual pugnacity. Litigation is still to a great extent trial by wager of battle. The contest is no longer physical but intellectual. Courts and juries are human, and often find it difficult to resist the contention of a bold, persistent, aggressive, intellectual athlete pleading for the life, liberty, or property of his client. Usually the lawyer finds the precedent for his client's conten- PEEPAEATION FOE THE STUDY OP LAW 61 tion, but at times every lawyer will find that his only way to suc- cess lies across the terra incognita, and he must have the intellec- tual courage to lead the way, and the skill to make it so plain that even the conservative court may find sure footing on which to follow. What preparation should then precede the study of the law ? The conditions of success at the bar are very different from what they were a century or even a half century ago, and these con- ditions are every year growing more exacting. Many started in the law forty or fifty years ago with but meager preliminary pre- paration, and have reached high places in the profession, who could not start now with like preparation and ever hope to reach the same relative rank. Success in the study and practice of the law now demands long and thorough preparation. It demands a broad foundation in good general scholarship. I do not mean that one must necessarily hold a college diploma before studying law. He may hold that and yet be very deficient in the rudiments of a good general education. True, the college or university is the best place in which to acquire a good general education, but it is by no means the only place where it can be had. Many of our great lawyers, whose general education was broad and thorough, were not college-bred men. The practice of law touches life at every point, and with the growth of our civilization the demands upon the lawyer are nec- essarily more varied. There is no field of human knowledge into which his work may not lead him. There is no science, a knowl- edge of whose principles may not be of importance to him. It is the business of the advocate to enforce his ideas upon the court and jury. No one can ever hope to rise to the rank of even a second-rate advocate who has not acquired the art of clear and forcible expression. It is true, that to some nature has denied the power to ever acquire this art, but it is likewise true that she has denied to them the possibility of ever becoming great advocates. No one should, however, lay the blame entirely upon dame na- ture until he has made heroic efforts to accomplish his end. There are many examples of great power of expression acquired only after obstacles apparently insuperable were overcome. While the power of clear, forcible expression is, to some extent, a b» THE DIGEST natural gift, yet nature can be much assisted by thorough gen- eral education and acquaintance with the best English writers- One unconsciously acquires something of the style of expression of the authors whom he reads. A wise choice of English prose may do do much to improve one's style of expression. The speeches of great orators may often be studied to advantage by those who wish to improve in public speaking. While true elo- quence is essentially a natural gift, the power of clear and forci- ble expression is an art capable of successful cultivation. It is not so much in the acquisition of knowledge as in the in- tellectual training that thorough, general education is a necessary prerequisite to the successful study and practice of law. One cannot delay entering upon the study of law until he has mas tered the science of medicine, merely because his first case may be one of malpractice; nor can he wait to master civil engineer- ing, because he may at once be called upon to try a case in- volving the proper construction of a railway bridge; but he ought not to enter upon the study of law until by long, per- sistent and patient study of other things he has acquired that power of mental concentration and endurance that will render success in the study of the law probable. In all schemes of edu- cation there are certain branches of knowledge that are permit- ted to be taken only after certain preliminary preparation has been made. This is because without such preparation there is no- reasonable hope of success in them . The law isdifficult and abstruse, and the young man whose education is limited to the three R.'s ought not for his own good, as well as that of the public, to be permitted to enter upon the study of law with a view to its prac- tice. It is not contended that all well educated men would make good lawyers, but it is true that no man will ever be likely to reach high rank as a lawyer without a fair general education acquired either in or out of the schools. An effort is being made by the law schools of the country to raise the requirements, as to the general education of the appli- cants for admission to their classes. So long as no preliminary preparation is required for office reading with a view to being admitted to the bar, such a movement among the law colleges is likely to defeat its own purpose. Its purpose doubtless is to PKEPARATION FOR THE STUDY OF LAAV 69 raise the general educational level of the legal profession. If, however, a young man of limited general education is to be ad- mitted to the bar, it were much better that he prosecute his study of the law in a law college, surrounded by a scholarly atmosphere, than in a law office where the educational level is perhaps no higher than his own. It will avail nothing to close the law col- lege to those whose general education has not prepared them for the study of the law, if they can come to the bar through office reading, with no preliminary training and much less knowledge; of the law itself than the law college would have given them. Unless the higher standard of preliminary preparation be also demanded as a prerequisite of office reading, then such a demand on the part of the law schools is likely to lower rather than raise the general educational level of the profession. The remedy, therefore, lies in the higher standard of preliminary preparation for the study of law in the law office, as well as admission to the law schools. It is often urged that severe requirements of preliminary gen- eral education would exclude from the profession many who are destined to become its brightest ornaments. It may l^e said that the names of Clay, Calhoun, and Lincoln, would never have adorned the roll of honor in the legal profession if a high standard of general education had been, in their day, required as a necessary qualification for admission to the bar. It must, however, be re- membered that we now live in a day when higher education forms a part of the great system of public schools. It may well be doubted whether any young man of our time, who has not the energy and determination to obtain a good general education, will ever attain distinction at the bar either with or without its ad- vantages. One can hardly conceive of a Clay, a Calhoun, or a Lincoln, surrounded by our present educational advantages, en- tering upon the study of the law without having laid a good foundation for it in general education. Neither will we believe that men like these would even in their day have been deterred from entering their chosen profession because of any reasonable requirement of preliminary preparation. It is more than doubt- ful whether even these great men could have entered the law fifty years later and with no better preliminary preparation achieved the same measure of success. 70 THE DIGEST But whatever may be said of the isolated few, the geniuses of the race, there can be no doubt that a fair general education i& every year becoming more and more essential to success at the bar. And even those who have attained distinction without it have done so not because of their lack of preliminary training, but only by overcoming disadvantages arising from it. That a genius succeeds at the bar, without general education, by no means proves that the average young man can safely neglect the advantages it confers. The mere possession of a college diploma should not be taken to qualify one to study law, nor should the lack of it necessarily ex- clude him. It is preliminary training and mental development that should be demanded, not a college degree. It may not be essential that proficiency in any particular branch of knowledge should be shown. It is not accumulated knowledge, the posses- sion of a mass of undigested facts, that qualifies one for the study of law, but rather mental development and intellectual acumen, which are, indeed, the distinguishing characteristics of true edu- cation. The well equipped lawyer is an intellectual athlete. He cannot delay entering upon his profession until he has acquired all the general knowledge he will need in practice, but he should delay until he has acquired something of that mental development and intellectual strength that gives him the power of concentrated mental effort. There is no profession in which the power to master a subject thoroughly and quickly is so essential to success as in that of the law. Cases are often won or lost by the ability of the lawyer, or his want of it, to master in a short space of time, the particular branch of knowledge involved in the controversy. The successful lawyer must possess the power to acquire this knowledge after he finds that it is necessary for him to use it. No one will ever reach the higher walks of the profession ^ho plods through its fields thinking only of the loaves and fishes its practice will bring him. The empyreal atmosphere on the heights is breathed only by those who see in the law something more than the means of mak- ing a living — who can see in it a great system of principles, the growth of centuries, by which the social fabric is held together. €egal (Ett^ics BY HON. J. B. WEBSTER. It is with regret one leaves his students where the relation has been so pleasant. In parting I will say some words of counsel. You are like a battalion of recruits, I like one of an exhausted command being relieved. The retiring veteran would tell some advantage or peril of the field. The recruit is impatient to listen, anxious only for action. I venture some remarks on ethics that, remembered, will avail you in the active life you enter. Young men, as you enter life, remember that as there are three cardinal feminine virtues, cleanliness, fidelity, and tenderness, so there are four cardinal manly virtues, courage, truth, loyalty, and kindness. If you have these, whatever be lacking of full manly character, you will have other's respect. Without any one of these you will not. With these you will be respected because others will know they can depend on and trust you. Society is as truly an organism as is an animal or plant. No part is independent of any other. So in society, the welfare of every member affects the welfare and advancement of all. Soci- ety is an aggregation of individuals, none independent of many others. None can live to himself, none die merely to himself. Many must be affected. It ought to be the aim of each that others may be affected for good, made better, happier. You can not avoid affecting for good or ill those among whom you live. Twelve centuries before complete organization of the high court of chancery there lived the Great Chancellor who defined in one sentence the principles of equity, "All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them." When asked by lawyers the first duty, "The great command- ment," as altruist, philosopher, and chancellor he recognized no first commandment. In his view two were equally great. He said the first law is ' ' Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all 72 THE DIGEST thy heart and with all thy soul and with all thy mind; " and added ' ' The second is like unto it ' Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyslf.' " He could not put the duty due from man to God above that due from man to man, and said in substance there is no duty due one higher than to the other. God requires no more of you to him than of you to your fellow; you owe to the neighbor as high duty as to the Creator. I think I may well say then that self interest alone is not a right guide to moral conduct. A most difficult thing is right and wise living. One must be self-respecting and not self important; must maintain personal dignity, yet be not quick to take offense not intended; there must be some reserve, but not too much. The capable man who does not assert opinion, nor lead in difficulty cannot rise to his merit. Society cannot rely upon or trust one who has no confidence in himself. If one is diffident and retiring, preferring study to mingling in affairs, the busy world will go by not marking him out. Courage and the self-confidence it gives is indispensable to success in life. Egotism is less vicious than timidity and cow- ardice. Society is but co-operating activity, and you must be social and companionable, have and express opinions and be ready to lead if called, avoiding offensive egotism. Attain this middle way if you can, but at all events have courage. Be truthful and honest. How can one trust another who is not both ? A truthful man must be honest, save the rare few whose conscience and self-respect are wholly gone. A truthful man may be dishonest. He is totally depraved who can admit it. One may do wrong, but will argue with conscience to some way jus- tify it. Manfred said, "I have ceased to justify myself unto myself, the last extremity of evil." A volume of philosophy is in that sentence. Only the utterly bad will not try to excuse his wrong doing. Loyalty is kin to truth. It is truth coupled with self-devotion, yielding self to duty. It is negation of selfishness and ingrati- tude, and goes hand in hand with truth. The disloyal to friend, humanity, or country is unworthy of confidence of friend, hu- manity or country, and not worthy or likely to succeed in life. Kindness is due from every living being to all living beings, for none can be free from duty to many others. The social structure LEGAL ETHICS 13 makes each dependent for much and on many. The more privi- leges one has the greater and more numerous his debts. There- fore, the virtues — courage, truth, loyalty, and kindness, are car- dinal and essential to social life. This much to all entering active life. I hope none have taken law as an easy way to get bread. That motive will make you fail or be poor lawyers. No one was ever a great lawyer who had not burned oil far past midnight, even to sunrise. The law is a jeal- ous mistress. Diversion of energy to other objects she revenges by lessening standing and success. Eminent success cannot be won without undivided and earnest labor. The law is a liberal profession and imposes special obligations. The lawyer is an officer of the courts of justice, a priest in service •of a sanctuary. He should respect the profession and venerate justice. He should seek success not for its pleasure or profit, but to thereby serve justice. Look not on the court as a field of combat. Do not work for mere reward. The highest reward if you love justice is the delight in your own heart in vindicating right. Love justice for herself and you will stand well with the public and the bar, and will not lack business. Never try to deceive court or jury. Do not suppress evidence or seduce witnesses. Remember truth is a cardinal virtue. You may argue on conflicting evidence what the fact is. From im- perfect observation or memory, witnesses will disagree. You can point this out and argue truth is on your side. On conflict- ing authority you may argue better reason is on your side. This is as far as you can go. Let yoUr argument on fact and law be honest, without attempt at misstatement or suppression. Never refuse aid to distress, howiever unpopular the cause or strong the adversary. Serve such as cheerfully as the knight of chivalry. You cannot, as he, live on hospitality, and so cannot render all your service to distress; but if you see right denied to one poor make as earnest effort as though for a large reward. Whatever is worth doing is worth well doing, whether re- warded or not. You cannot afford to be slipshod. Do what you do well though gratis. Slovenly manner will detract from business; letters and papers should be clean and without erasure. Have your cases ready for trial when reached. Never permit surprise to find you unready. 74 THE DIGEST Be loyal to the client always; prefer his interest to your own; keep his counsel inviolate; avoid other than professional business- with him; neither buy of him or sell to him. It may smirch your honor. Let not a business day pass with a collection unremitted. Do not use or speculate on it or pass a day for pleasure of carry- ing it. If channels of commerce have not closed, remit the day received, at all events the first business day. Control yourself. Never appear surprised and thrown off your poise. Observe this especially at critical times in trial or debate. Composure will carry you by many a danger that per- tiirbation may betray to your adversary of which he is unaware. Never show violent or sudden anger or yet elation, except under extraordinary circumstances, better seem cold than mercurial. ■Be always courteous. Whatever his rivalry with associates a lawyer should always have brotherly regard for them, without jealousy or quarrel. To the young lawyer be kind as a father, give him use of your offios, library, counsel, and assistaace, as freely as to your child. Never be guilty of brow-beating, bully- ing or discourtesy to witness, party, or counsel; no good end can be gained or good cause served by it. In choosing its lawgivers and governmental agents society takes ratably more lawyers than others because they have studied the relations of persons and property and are fitted for the service. This casts on the bar duty to study political economy and the philosophy of social development as well as law. No pursuit so requires a large fund of general information. To try his cause the lawyer may have to study any branch of science, mechanics, chemistry, medicine, surgery, art, or even dry dogmatic creeds. It were futile to enumerate. He cannot have all books, nor be- fore entering practice acquire all human learning. But he should have general knowledge and familiarity with books and liberal learning that he may know where and how to seek fuller know- ledge of any subject as need arises. This liberalizes and broadens his views. He sees that no social, political, or other institutions are fixed, stable, or "ordained"; that all institutions, even mar- riage and the family, are but result of evolutionary processes. Seeing how and whence present institutions came to be, he real- izes that those we are wont to deem ' ' sacred " may in course of social progress change form or yield to others widely different. LEGAL ETHICS 75 This leads to books useful to lawyers as lawyers, or as the best Informed class in society. I omit books of law, for your course has given you general knowledge to guide your purchase to full limit of your means, and practice will advance skill to choose faster than means to buy a law library. Every young lawyer should own and be familiar with Cicero's Moral Essays and SHarswood's Legal Ethics, and own the best cyclopedia and lexicon his means can buy. Of high literature in fields of history, oratory, romance, and poetry, a well informed friend and aid of library and catalogue will guide. He cannot do better than buy as many of the best as possible. Liable to be called into, and more or less expecting to take part in public affairs, he ought to have and read Lecky's History of Civilization, Herbert Spencer's Synthetic Philosophy, those parts relating to evolution of society, to the family, and to par- ent and child; Wake's Kinship and Marriage, Morgan's Ancient Society — a highly instructive and philosophic work by an Amer- ican of so rare merit that, translated, it went through three Ger- man editions, and was familiar to German philosophers before appreciated at home or the first American edition exhausted. An army must have an arsenal, and a soldier a cartridge box. The lawyer called often to debate must have his vade mecum whence, as occasion arises, by perfect familiarity he can draw metaphor and illustration as point to argument or repartee. There are but two such books in our language — King James' ver- sion of the Bible, and Shakespeare. They are each a wealth of illustration and metaphor. Make them your most familiar friends. The Bible is unrivalled in purity, condensation, and power of plain Saxon. Saxon is the basis of modern English. The layman use most wholly plain Saxon words. The man who sits in the jury box speaks and understands it. ]\Iake yourself master of the plain Saxon vigor of the Bible and you can make a strong argument which the juryman can comprehend. I hope something I have done, suggested, or said may rouse to higher thought and aspiration and be remembered and of advan- tage to you. I wish you each may merit and attain abundant success to your utmost desire. If at any time I can aid you in perplexity, come to me and so oblige me and please me. Now it remains only to say good bye. CI^c Untrcrstty anb tl\i public Sct^ool System By Chancellob George E. MaoLean. The University of Nebraska is a part of the public school sys- tem of the State. The University embraces from the thirteenth to the nineteenth grades of the school system. From the thir- teenth to the sixteenth grades we have the ordinary undergradu- ate courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science. The seveiiteenth grade leads to the degree of Master of Arts. The completion of the nineteenth grade brings to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. These last three grades constitute the work of the graduate school of the University. It is open for the graduates of the colleges in the University, and of all reputable colleges within and without the state. In all the regular courses the University crowns the work begun in the grades and continued in the high schools. SCOPE OF THE UNIVERSITY'S WORK. In addition to the ample facilities for liberal education in liter- ature, science, and the arts, there is provision for technical edu- cation in the Industrial College, and for professional education in the College of Law. There are also special professional un- dergraduate courses preparatory to medicine, and in law, and journalism. Professional training for teachers is provided in a two-years' course, particular attention being given to Child Study and Pedagogy. Certificates entitling teachers to a first grade teacher's license, and later — if they are successful in instruction — to a life certificate, are given to those who take the special courses in Science and Art of Teaching and make the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. The University has a Summer School that after this year it is hoped will become a six weeks' summer term of the University, intended especially to accommodate the teachers of the state. The equipments of the University in men and means are thus put THE UNIVERSITY AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM 77 at the service of those who are to be leaders in the entire school system. To meet the present, requirements of industrial education in the state, the University has established a School of Mechanic Arts, with a two years' practical course that receives students of sufficient age from graded schools. In like manner there is a School of Agriculture and a Dairy School that takes the boys and girls from the farm and returns them to the farm prepared to use applied science in improved farming. These two schools, it is expected, will become model schools, to be imitated in connec- tion with technical schools to be established in conjunction with the high schools in several counties in the state. These schools incidentally look toward encouraging students to enter the col- legiate schools of Engineering or the College of Agriculture. For six years past the University has maintained one of the two Sugar Schools in the United States. The University, mindful of its many-sided relations to the state, has offered courses in University Extension, under which, in a very practical form, are included Farmers' Institutes. A School of Music and Fine Arts is affiliated with the University, in which, pending the opening of the College of Fine Arts, in- struction is given in every grade of instrumental and vocal music, in drawing, painting, wood carving, modeling, and the his- tory of art. Through the voluntary service of the Botanical Seminar and members of the University faculty, in connection with aid from the general government, a botanical and a geolog- ical survey of the state have been begun. The Regents of the University have, entrusted to their charge, the United States Ex- periment Station for purposes of investigation in agricultural sub- jects and for the diffusion of agricultural knowledge by the pub- lication of bulletins. A United States Weather Bureau Station has been established at the University, and a Museum in connec- tion with it has also been started. A review of what has been mentioned thus far,. shows that the University is not simply a multiform school for higher instruc- tion, but that it is also a practical servant of the State in almost every conceivable direction. It is a depository for knowledge and a center for the diffusion of- it. IS THE DIGEST Tuition at the University is free except in the Law School and in the affiliated schools. There is a nominal matriculation fee of five dollars, and a diploma fee. There is a laboratory deposit re- quired for materials used and apparatus injured, in a number of the Departments. Practically the institution opens its doors to all the sons and daughters of the State and to all students wher- ever their homes, without discrimination. The broad and hos- pitable spirit of a genuine University is seen in its foundation Bnd in its endeavors and its work. THE EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. The campus of the University covers four squares in a central location in the City of Lincoln. It is easily accessible from all railway stations. Upon the campus are located the large Uni- versity Hall, the Chemical Laboratory, Grant Memorial Hall, Nebraska Hall, the Electrical Laboratory and Shops, and the large modern Library building. The University farm, con- nected by electric railway with the University, consists of 320 acres of cultivated land. On the farm are the Agricultural- Chemical laboratory, ths Farm and Dairy School building, the Pathobiological laboratory, etc. The library of the University consists of the general library and a series of departmental libraries. There are some 33,000 volumes in the general library alone. The laboratories are pro- vided with modern facilities and equipped with the most recent app aratus. FACULTY. At the present writing there are HI professors and instructors, assistants and employes of all kinds. Many of the professors have an international reputation. There is full recognition of the sharp distinction between a professor and a pedagogue or ordinary teacher. The highest ideals are maintained as a stan- , dard by which the college professor and instructor is a man of special training, prepared to be an investigator as well as a teacher. STUDENTS. The enrollment of students'is increased this year to 1,650, as compared with 1,509 a year ago, and this despite the fiuancial THE UNIVEESITY AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM 79 depression and the cutting off of the Preparatory Department. The students are for the most part mature young men and women peculiarly earnest in their pursuit of an education, and many of them working their way through college. The ages range from fifteen years to fifty-six years. They are stalwart Nebraskans, with an intermingling of students from twenty -two other states. The University is assuming its rank as the largest trans-Missis- sippi University with the exception of the University of Cali- fornia. The students maintain a great variety of college organi. zations ranging from the religious and literary to the athletic field. ORGANIZATION. The University was originally founded by an Act of the Leg- islature which took effect February 15, 1869. The government of the University is vested in a Board of Regents of six members elected by popular vote for terms of six years. The Regents elect the Chancellor, who in the law is called the chief educator of the 'State. He is the nexus between the Regents and the Faculty, of which he is a member. The Regents also select the members of the Faculty. The Faculty is ordinarly the legisla- tive body, initiating the purely educational measures of the in- stitution and entrusted with the discipline of the students. REVENUES. The revenues of the University are derived from a tax of three- eighths of a mill per dollar upon the grand assessment roll of the State and from the income from land leases and sales under the Land Grant Act of Congress. There is also a money grant from the United States. The University is also possessed of cer- tain lands reserved for the endowment of the University. The Legislature of the State that has just adjourned made pro- vision to meet the shrinkage in the income of the University and voted money for the erection of the wing of a new building for the College of Mechanic Arts. It is clearly the determination of the people of Nebraska that the efficiency of its University shall be maintained unimpaired. l:7t5tory of tt^c (EoUegc of €atr) BY PKOF. CHARLES A. BOBBINS. In the fall of 1888, some two dozen young men, who were read- ing law in the offices of Lincoln lawyers, organized a class for more systematic study and the trial of moot cases. This class met for a few weeks in the law offices of Lamb, Ricketts & Wil- son, over the old Lancaster County Bank, on Tenth street. Soon after the organization of the class the writer accepted an invita- tion to become its leader and instructor. The place of meeting was changed to the rooms of the Lincoln Business College. The class met two evenings in each week. Eeadings were assigned in some standard text book, and the regular class work was limited to a quiz upon the subject matter of the reading. The work of the class as a whole was not satisfactory. All the advantages of law office study, so much vaunted by some law- yers who know nothing of the better methods, were possessed by these young men, supplemented by the regular assignment and discussion of readings; bat their average progress was discour- agingly slow and uncertain. Class organization was too lax; recitations were too few; the study of the assigned readings could not be made compulsory. It ought to be said that a num- ber of the young men appeared to apply themselves diligently to the work and made satisfactory progress. With the coming of summer heat the work was suspended. Probably encouraged somewhat by the apparent success of that class, and at the suggestion of Messrs. T. S. Allen and W. F. Schwind, Mr. William Henry Smith, who had lately come to Lin- coln from Philadelphia, organized, in the fall of 1889, a law class which he called Central Law College. Good quarters were se- cured in the Burr block. The printed announcement contained the names of a very long list of lecturers including some of the most prominent lawyers in the state. Some of these gentlemen, HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE OP LAW 81 and notably Judge Webster and Mr. Wilson of the present fac- ulty of this college, did deliver systematic courses of lectures. In the number and variety of her courts, the extent and char- acter of her libraries, the number and importance of her educa- tional institutions, and in her central location, Lincoln possessed decided advantage's for the establishment of a law school, to which these earlier efforts served to attract attention. Members of the Lancaster county bar saw the opportunity and broached the sub- ject to members of the general faculty of the State University and board of regents. In April, '91, a committee of the faculty consisting of Profes- sors Howard, Kingsley, Caldwell, Nicholson, and McMillan re- ported in favor of the expediency of establishing a law depart- ment, not neglecting to add that " the favorable influence of the bar will doubtless prove a new source of strength to the Univer- sity." Professor Howard presented the report to the board of regents. Judge J. R. Webster addressed the board in favor of the proposed school. The Lancaster county bar association passed favorable resolutions and appointed a committee to confer with the chancellor and regents. At the June meeting, 1891, the board of regents authorized the chancellor to confer with the bar committee upon the organi- zation of the school. At later meetings it provided for the sala- ries of a dean and four lecturers, "employed" William Henry Smith as Dean, appointed a large corps of lecturers, and author- ized the chancellor to assign to the "Law College" the use of such rooms "as might be secured without interference with reg- ular University work," and to have printed a " small, extra sheet for the present catalogue." The "law faculty," "until otherwise ordered," consisted of: William H. Smith, Dean; James M. Woolworth, Science of Jurisprudence; Joseph R. Webster, Equity Jurisprudence; John C. Co win, Constitutional Law; Manoah B. Reese, Real and Per- sonal Property; Samuel Maxwell, Pleadings; William H. Mun- ger. Private Rights and Obligations; Genio M. Lambertson, Crimi- nal Law; Henry H. Wilson, Evidence. With the exception of Mr. Cowin, the gentlemen accepted the appointments. Mr. Munger lectured on the Domestic Relations 82 THE DIGEST and Mr. Lambertson on Inter-State Commerce. Mr. John C. Watson was subsequently appointed lecturer on Criminal Law. The following gentlemen were also invited to deliver lectures "at such times and upon such subjects as might be determined upon, but without compensation: " "S. J. Tuttle, S. B. Pound, K S. Harwood, C. O. Whedon, T. M. Marquette, S. L. Geisthardt, A. K. Talbot, W. J. Bryan, all of Lincoln; Eleazer Wakely, John M. Thurston, W E. Kelly, H. J. Davis, all of Omaha; Judge Broady, of Beatrice; S. W. Osborne, of Blair; John B. Cessna, of Hastings; Judge Post, of Columbus; Judge W. H. Morris, of Crete." A number of these gentlemen delivered lectures before the school. A very "small, extra sheet" announced the opening of the school in October, 1891. The tuition was fixed at §30 a year. It was increased to $45 in 1895. Fifty-two students registered the first year, and twelve were graduated in June, 1892. Classes met in the botany room in Nebraska Hall. Possibly their presence there interfered "with regular University work," since the next year the school sought quarters in the Burr Block. The original course of study prepared by Dean Smith covered fairly well the field of elementary law, but it was greatly lacking in systematic arrangement, and unsuited to that orderly develop- ment of legal principles so helpful to the student, and so neces- sary to an understanding of the essential unity of our common law. It is said that the actual performance was even more dis- orderly than the printed program. Judge Reese, Mr. Wilson, and possibly other lecturers, as- signed regular readings in standard text-books in connection with their lectures. Indeed, early the first year, Mr. Wilson in- troduced a resolution at a faculty meeting suggesting the adop- tion of this method by all lecturers, but consideration of the resolution was postponed. The Dean was a firm believer in the efficiency of the so-called lecture system. There was no case study in the proper sense of the term. Text-books and cases were cited rather as authorities to justify the conclusions of the lecturer than as the proper subjects of careful study. Method and (lack of) order combined to perplex the student, HISTOEY" OF THE COLLEGE OF LAW 83 "Mastering what seemed the lawless science of our law, That codeless myriad of precedent, That wilderness of single instances. " The'Pesults obtained were disappointing to the friends of the school. After much deliberation a committee consisting of Chan- cellor Canfield and Regent Estabrook reported at the June, 1893, meeting of the board of regents, that the "curriculum should be simplified and so modified as to give to each student a compara- tively small number of topics at any one time," and that "the greater part of the undergraduate course must be that of the recitation," " based very largely upon the use of text-books." Dean Smith resigned, not being "in accord with this method of instruction." Judge Reese succeeded to the deanship at the opening of the next school year. Lecturers Wilson, Webster, Manger, Max- well, and Watson were retained. Judge Frank Irvine, Jacob Fawcett, W. W. Giffen, Judge J. H. Broady, and Judge W. H- Hastings (the last two for one year only) were added to the corps of lecturers, and the writer was appointed instructor- The school was brought back to the University campus, and the room in University Hall now occupied by Steward Dales as- signed to its use. These quarters proving inadequate the school ' ' lodged " the next year in room 16 in the same building, and upon the completion of the library building was allotted its pres- ent quarters. The course of study was simplified and so re-arranged that each subject might, as far as possible, serve as a fitting preparation for the next. The subjects of remedial law were grouped in the second year. With slight changes and some additions the course of study then adopted is still followed. Probably future changes will consist in a more elaborate treatment of present topics rather than in substantial additions to the curriculum. The method of instruction was changed. A modified form of the so-called text-book method was adopted and is still used. On some minor topics instruction is by lectures only Some lecturers combine the lecture and text-book methods. The writer has gen- erally combined the text-book and case study methods. The modern practice courts have been substituted for the ancient and well-nigh useless moot-courts. 84: THE DIGEST Upon the reorganization of the school in 1893, a graduate course of instruction of one year was added, and in June, 1895, the master's degree was conferred upon seven candidates. For want of means to carry on the work properly, and becauseit was found practicable to give much of the same instruction in the undergraduate course, the graduate course was abandoned after the second year. W. S. Summers and B. F. Good were appointed special lecturers in 1894, and Dr. J. L. Greene was appointed lecturer on medical jurisprudence the present year. In 1893, the law library consisted of a few dozen text-books crowded into a corner of the general library. It has grown into a fair working library of two thousand volumes of the very best reports and texts, and is located in the lecture room under the charge of special attendants. The law school has already done much to raise the standard of admission to the bar in this state. It has, since 1893, greatly in- creased the amount of work required of its students. The mini- mum age of entrance has been raised from seventeen to nineteen. A proper academic preparation for law study has been urged at all times. The requirements for admission have been changed from the general "good English education" to the more certain equivalent of graduation from an accredited high school. A. large proportion of the present senior class are college men, and forty per cent have received academic degrees. It was by the direct iniluence of the law school, that the state legislature of 1895 abolished the fraud of admission to the bar through the district courts, and vested the sole power of admis- sion in the supreme court. The fair enforcement of the rules adopted by the supreme court under that power has probably reduced by three-fourths the number of annual admissions to the bar and vastly improved the actual standard. Much has been done. Much remains to be done. The Law School will lead the way. But it looks hopefully to the supreme court for such further exercise of its powers as will make necessary fair aca- demic preparation upon the part of all law students. future Ctbbrcsses of '97. Abbott, Charles E. , Babcock, George E., BrowD, Cyrus O., Brown, Frank E., Carr, John, Coleman, Beach, Creigh, Thomas, Flaherty, Denis J., Gates, Jesse T., Goff, Helen M., Goodner, Ivan W. , Green, Guy W., Greenfield, Nathan N., Gustin, Frank J. Hasler, Guy, Hay ward, William H., Hildreth, Ward, Jones Elbert O., Killen, David L., Madeen, Emma, Manville, Mahlon F., Matthews, Benoni C, Miller, Willey H., Mousel, Charles, Parker, Jesse T. , Placek, Emil E., Kidgley, Hilliard, Risser, George H., Smith, John D., Thompson, Charles Y., True, Sidney M., Warner, Ernest F. , White, Albert S., Wilson, Clement L., Wilson, Denver L., Lincoln, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Shannon, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Surprise, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Gaza, Iowa. Lincoln, Neb. Pierre, S. D. Stromsburg, Neb. Lexington, Neb. Kearney, Neb. Pawnee City, Neb. Nebraska City, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Brandon, S. D. Beatrice, Neb. Centerville, S. D. Crete Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Franklin, Neb. Cambridge, Neb. St. Paul, Neb. Milligan, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Primghar, Iowa. West Point, Neb. Tecumseh, Neb. Creighton, Neb. South Omaha, Neb. Johnson, Neb. Dunbar, Iowa. J UNICES 87 diass of ^898 Ames, Ernest C, Belden, Oliver W., Brown, James A., "Copeland, Lionel R., Cunningham, Marion O., Daly, Hugh B., Denison, John D., Du Frene, Frederick R. , Eberstein, Conrad V. , Folsom, Ernest C, Fry, Emmett L., Green, Leslie B., Hines, Orphoseus F., Houghtelin, Abram L., Humphrey, Fred L., Hyatt, Willet R., Imhoff, Charles H., Jones, Ernest D. , Kemp, James H. , Ladd, Charles F. , Lamb, Dwight W. , Pace, IkeE. O., Ralston, George S., Roach, Leonard R., Sackett, Harry E., Singhouse, John A., Steuterville, John H, Tishue, Walter C, Tobey, George E., Tucker, John M. , Unkefer, Leonard B., War field, George A. , Wilson, Burton W. , Young, Samuel A. , Lincoln, Neb. Dawson, Neb. Brookings. S. D. Lincoln, Neb. Wayne, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Clarion, Neb. Omaha, Neb. Kirwin, Kan. Lincoln, Neb. Stanberry, Mo. Hastings, Neb. Kenesaw, Neb. Fairbury, Neb. Pawnee City, Neb. President, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Guide Rock, Neb. Luray, Virginia. Lincoln, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Hattield, Neb. Beatrice, Neb. Craig, Neb. Brownville, Neb. Seward, Neb. Ulysses, Neb. Valentine, Neb. Humboldt, Neb. University Place, Neb. Lincoln, Neb. Mound City, Mo. Ctlumni Ctssoctation A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE DOINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE LAW' ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, FROM THE DATE OF THE ORGANIZATION TO THE PRESENT DAY. ' ' The law is a sort of a hocus poous science that smiles in your face while it picks your pocket, and the glorious uncertainty of it is of more use to the professors than the justice of it." Lawyers are undoubtedly the brainiest class of beings extant. The scope of their knowledge is confined to nothing. They are masters of all the sciences. What a lawyer does not know about men and things is not considered proper to know. It is this superhuman smartness which every lawyer possesses that impelled me to follow in the footsteps of my sire and enter the profession, which embraces knowledge of every possible character. I desired to familiarize it all, and as a consequence the Alumni Association of the Law School of Nebraska now has the honor of my membership. As an alumni society we first came into existence in June, 1895, at a time when the country was suffering from depression. A president and secretary were elected, and the following June new officers were named to assume the arduous duties connected with the preservation and maintenance of the association. There are no records of this institution, and we are entirely without money in the treasury. This embraces in full the Law Alumni Association, from the date of its birth to the present day. I have ventured somewhat into detail so that all members might be apprised fully in the premises, with the view that the record might be complete as far as we have gone. Although the labor has, in some respects, been arduous, yet I have experienced much pleasure in reviewing the grand work accomplished by the association. It has brought me into closer touch with many of my fellow members, and by comparison of the past with the future, I am made to realize the possibilities which lie before us. There is always pleasure in a contemplation ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 89 of possibilities; a building of air castles as it were. It has been said that " To a healthy mind the world is a constant challenge of opportunities." If this is so, what a future is in store for us. We have not an unhealthy mind among us. I am advised by our statistician that the average condition of our minds is only two per cent lower than the alumni of the Harvard Law School, and five per cent lower than the law schools of California. This is really remarkable when we consider that the lawyers living upon the sea coasts eat a great deal of fish. And fish, as is well known, is a great brain producer. We of the middle states are at a disadvantage in this respect, it not being so much a custom of the people to eat fish in large quantities, owing to the scarcity and consequent high price. It is possible, however, to sometimes obtain a fair quality of fish here, as for instance Columbia river salmon, pike, from the west, and smelts and perch, which are frozen and shipped from the east. But they lose their freshness, and vitality, you might call it, in transportation, so that by the time they are placed upon our tables for final consumption, the real brain essence is gone and oonsequently they are of little value to us as a brain food. I have taken occasion to digress a little to the subject of fish, merely to show that our alumni are laboring at a slight handicap in favor of those who live on the coast. But what we lack (and it is very small) in brain development is completely overshadowed by the excellence of our capacity to do, our energy and push, and our unchallenged breadth of mind which enables us to suc- cessfully grapple the most intricate subjects and bring them to a scientific focus. We are essentially active and progressive. Long may we live and prosper. Addenda. — Since writing the above, I am advised that the officers of the association were and are as follows: President, Hon. A. A. Hatch, Secreta/ry- Treasurer, Hon. A. G-. Wolfenbarger; during the season of 1896-96. Present in- cumbents: President, Hon. E. M. 'Tracy; Secretary-Treasurer, Hon. JohnH. Farwell. Executive Committee, Hon. F. H. Woods, '92; Hon. E. J. Burkett, '93; Hon. T. F. A. Williams, '94; Hon. K. E. Johnson, '95; Hon. J. L. Stephens, '96. Claeence Young Smith. 90 THE DIGEST JULIAN A. ABBOTT, '96. Born at Falls City, Nebraska, February 10, 1873; parents Americans. Graduated at Falls City High School in 1888. Has held assist- ant clerkships of Farmers' Bank at Broken Bow, and bank of Lushton, Nebraska. Present head bookkeeper in State Auditor's office. Free silver democrat. Address 1641 Locust street, Lincoln, Neb. GRANT F. AHL- BURG, '94. Born March 9, 18T4, near Ly- ons. Kansas; completed course at Lyons HighSchool in 18i)l; atteiidjd ths Uaivei-- sity of Nebraska in 1893 and 1894. Form- erly a republican but is now a free silver democrat. Is practicing with much success at Lyons, Kansas. JOHN H. BARRY, '93. Born in Rock- ford, Illinois, October 7, 186S, of Irish parents. Graduated from Wahoo High School in 1890. Mr. Barry was originally a republican but is now a populist. Since 1893 he has been engaged in the practice of the law at Wahoo, Neb., without a partner. FRANK E. BISH- OP, '93. Born in La Grange county, In- diana, shortly after the war. Received from the University of Studied in the office of .^^IP^ /^^K'-l Marquette, Deweese & Hall. Upon gradu- ation he immediately began practice, and is now associate attorney in law department of B. & M. R. R. at Lincoln. the degree of B.L, Nebraska in 1S91. THE ALUMNI 91 CLOFIS L. E. BLOITSER '