ajarnell Ittioctattg Bhrary att)ata. ^tva fork LIBRARY OF LEWIS BINGLEY WYNNE A. B..A.M.. COLUMBIAN COLLEGE.'71 ,'73 WASHINGTON. D. C. THE GIFT OF MRS. MARY A. WYNNE AND JOHN H. WYNNE CORNELL '98 1922 Cornell University Library PS 2355.M12G5 3 1924 022 498 814 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022498814 TH|: GLE.NNS;' A F A M I.L Y H^I S T R Y BY J. L. M'CONNEL, AUTHOR OF "TALBOT AND VERNON," " GRAHAME," ETC. ' The bad man's cunning still prepares the way, ~For4ts awn-outwitting.'— Coleridge. Njpw YORK: GHAULES SCRIBNER* 1851. Entered according to Act of CongresB, in tb.o year 18S1, by CHARLES SCBIBNER, #^ In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District ol New York. PREFACE. I can easier teach twenty what were good to he done, Thiln he one of the twenty to follow mine own teaching. Mkhohant or TeniAz. The outline of the following story, when sketch^, was de- signed to illustrate certain mental and moral laws by which characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring — and thus to show how " the sins of the father are visited upon the children, even unto the third and fourth generation." The physical laws were not included in the design, except as their results contribute to the mental and moral development — be- cause such an inquiry belongs more properly to a scientific trea- tise, and could not be embodied in a fiction without impairing its interest. The design has been, T fear, but indifferently executed ; but in this statement of it is intimated my opinion of what the nov- elist's vocation is : to instruct and improve men by pointing to the sources of evil, and go to preserve consistency in his char- acters with their fates as not to violate the rule, that virtue shall have its reward and trangression its punisljment. ' The proper study of mankind is man,' and in order that we may the better understand what we see — and thus be able to vindicate th^ justice of God's government — human character should be studied and displayed, not only in the individual, but also in its various relations, responsibili|u|is, and penalties, of parent and child, husband and wife, andnffrother •police forces have too often been the very men against whom they should have been directed ; and almost invariably, corps of "Regulators,'' from being the defenders, have some to be the oppressors of the peaceful citizen.*^ And moreover, fugitives from justice, and those whom their example and conversation have corrupted — with the impatient, fiery temper produced by education and mode of life — are sometimes very prominent in th* "history of frontier communities. But a book, which should depict such characters only, would give but a partial and incom- plete account of the society, of which tliey in fact form but an inconsiderable division. Yet, that they furnish the staple of most " Western Stories," is as undeniable as that all such pictures are absurd caricatlires. A NewYork journalist, who properly reprobates the libels of whiol^'e speak, in noticing a recent work on western man- ners, has the following true remark : " Quite enough of the hor- rid and romantic may be found, ready made to the author's hand, without his indulging in such ridiculously stupid and out- rageously improbable fictions, as many have done, who, know- ing nothing of the ground, sit quietly in their chimney corners, and deluge a credulous world with a careless strearh of sense- less trash — enjoying the pseudonyms of ' "Western Stories,' at only twenty-five cents per copy." And though it may possibly be true, that the extravagance of the characters depicted — as compared with the aspects of human nature in oldfer communi- ties — may lead eastern people sometimes to mistake a true story for a false, it is unquestionable that the thino- has been lamentably overdone. But the error is easily traced to its source. In contemplating the racy and projecting points of western life, writers are led to forget that there are other men besides the outlaws whom they paint, and other pursuits, be- sides horse-stealing and throat-cutting, which in reality contri- bute not a Uttle to both the elements and developments of west- ern society. ^ That men may retreat to the solitudes and romantic adven- tures of a lately-peopled, or thinly-peopled, frontier, from causes PREFACE. VI 1 independent of either social or legal necessity, seems utterly to have been forgotten ; that restlessness, enterprising spirit, or reverses of fortune and the hope of retrieving them, may have led even peaceful citizens tcf emigrate westward, is not remem- bered ; and but few have entertained the supposition that such men, actuated by such motives, may make good citizens, or lay the foundation of a permanent community, even though sur- rounded by, and mingling with, men of a very diflFerent stamp. Yet peddlars of clocks and tinware, hunting-parties in broad- cloth and high-heeled boots, bloody-minded Indian-fighters, thirsting for scalps, or organized bands of robbers and cut- throats, are not the principal, or even the most " respectable," characters to be met west of the Mississippi. In some places they have built churches, and now and then the voice of prayer, exhortation and praise may be heard ascending from among the primeval solitudes. Courts of Law — feeble, indeed, in the first years of their establishment, but waxing stronger as the citizen gradually awakes to the importance of securing his rights — ex- tend occasionally to the very borders of the wilderness. Mar - rying and giving in mai riage: — rearing and educating children tilling the ground — buying and selling — making and execut- ing laws — electing officers, determining controversies, punish- ing criminals — helping the needy, visiting the sick, burying the dead, educating the orphan, and exercising all the charities and amenities of life — ^these things are a part of the practice and his- tory of western men, as well as cutting throats, stealing hor- ses, shboting Indians, and circumventing each other. All this is common-place, it is true, and does not '■ tell" so well in a story as the more violent and romantic phases of the same society. But if such things are not delineated, their existence should at least be remembered and recognised ; and a picture of western life and manners should not be so painted as utterly to preclude everything natural, civilized or tame. Doubtless, we must expect that in works of fiction, the most prominent characteristics of the society portrayed, will receive the first and 'greatest attention. I only complain that they have PRBFACJS. Men so depicted as to exclude even the supposition of less ob- Tppusiye but equally important aspects. And accordingly, in th« following story — where it relates peculiarly to south-westein life — I have endeavored, while £Vng some of these salient points of local manners, to keep in view the fact that the char- acters indicated are only the more remarkable ; and .that the great body of the population, even at that, comparatively early period, was made up of very different sorts of people. Yet — even wiih this caution — the reader must not conclude that San Antonio de Bexar was, at that period, anything like a fair spe- cimen of our western towns. Many causes, fresh in the mem- ory of every one, had concurred to make it a peculiarly wild aftd lawless place. It was'so as late as 1 846-.— as will be recol- lected by all who were there during the gathering of General Wool's column in that year — when the police of this able dis- ciplinarian probably preserved better order than had ever been known there before. .AH who are acquainted with w^estern scenes and manners will, I think, perceive that this is in every part a western story ; for I have endeavored to delineate only such scenes and char- acters as have from time to time come under my own observa- tion in the western country. Whether faithfully drawn or not, they are, at all events, not eosaggerated. I do not make these remarks \vith a view qf disarming criti- cism ; for I know my own interests too well to desire to escape it. Nor do I wish to avoid a fair trial by a just standard, upon th« question whether I have drawn my characters truthfully. But I wish it to be remembered, that wJaat would be natural in the older States of our Union, may be very unnatural Ueyond the Mississippi ; and since I have not attempted t6 delineate cha- racter as developed in the East, it is but fair that I should be judged by the social laws of the western country. Nor must I be understood to claim, that I- have made no mistake in refer- ence to this code : I only ask that the ■• lex fori" may not be substituted for the '' lex loci." As to the position I have assumed in relation to ciroumstan- PREFAdE. iX tial evideiKp, I feel that I need say nothing. A system so fre- quently and so fearfully vindicated — resting so iramedi^t^y upon the course of human 'events and the progress of God's providence — needs no boflHpring beyoiid a simple reference to - facts. ^r * And, in conclusion, I can only hope that ray pictures of we&^, te-rn society will not be misunderstood ; or the Jessons 1" have endeavored to teach be perverted or neglected. And if anyone should 'disagree with my positions — (the stori/ 1 must, of course, abandon to the mercy of the reader) — I beg to refer him to Pope — who, whether a poet or not, was certainly a philoso- pher : — ' 'Tis with OUT judgments as our watches ; none ' Go just alike, yet each belieTes his own.' New York, March, 1851. BOOK* FIRS t'. CHAPTEE, I. ■*' How complicate, how wonderful, is man !— Young. s Family, resemblances are among the most capricious p nomena of human nature. Between every two of each fam in the world, there is a striljing resemblance in some one or t particulars — some likeness which may exist between perse not related by blood or marriage ; but which is most frequen found among the members of the same family, and is therefi referable to consanguinity. . A peculiar feature of the face- singular oijtline of form---the shape of a hand or a tone of t voice — may mark the common origin ; and either one of th( or other like characteristics may always be observed. We have said these signs are capricious, and by this ■ mean, Aat they depend upon causes ^vhich we cannot tra A family BOW living may have been marked for many gene tions, by the peculiar form of the nose or hand ; the childi of those now with us may not havelt — nay, they .may be nol for a totally different mark, say the shape of the foot, or a c; of the eye. The first point of ancient family likeness shall sunk for many generations — appearing in none — marking no; until it shall be almost forgotten. And then at some rem( future period — like the fabled river that runs under the sea- shall reappear among the posterity of those who had it not, c tinguishing each in the absence of those marks which dist guish the families of those now living. And in the remote a forgotten past, there probably lived many generations wh( affinity was determined by the same peculiarities — the sha of the foot, or the cast of an eye — which are now reappearii after having been sunk for centuries. These things, physic 12 THE GLENNS. gists may tell us> depend upon accident — a convenient word, including millions of phenomena, as completely within the course of nature as birth and deat h^w hijih arq, fortuitous only for t^he reason that their causes' a'rjli^ton^ our knowledge. The human race is distinguisheHBll every other by tokens which are unmistakeable^general^raii's (corresponding in generality with the extent of the class circumscribed), confine and grotect |he domain of intelligence. Between nations and subbiligateadvisions of manlUnd^thejre are similar lines of sep- aration — lines which time, climate, diet, and mixture of blood cannot wholly obliterate. The high cheek bones and sandy hair gS the Scotchman will reappear, after many generations of mixea*blood, under the binrning sun and on the parched plains of the tropics. The glassy, black skin of the negro wjlU stand for cen-turies among>the red men of the North ; and the thick lips and flattened nose will be found when the amount of Afri- can blood is so small as not to tinge the skin. Upoii the Jew there rests a curse of fearful import, and wander as .fee may, to the north or the south, the remarkable physiognomy of the scattered people is never changed. And it would seem that a similar law governs .all other lineage ; for in the motliest assem- blage, one skilled in national appearance, will be able uner- ringly to select all who have Scotch, Irish, Spanish, German, or Eastern bloodi Among families, too, even where frequent intermarriages, with others have obscured the disfinction, the prevailing characteristics of blood will always be seen. No lapse of time, no change of climate, no reverse of fortune, and no succession of crosses, can wholly obliterate it or produce the slightest inconsistency with the originally appointe^Apuliari- ties of the race. These causes may modify, or even