Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030623106 Cornell University Library LD3571.M32 02 Muhlenberg College olin 3 1924 030 623 106 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM LD 3511 FRONT VIEW, REAR VIE^Af. 1UHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1867 1892 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. A QUARTER-CENTENNIAL MEMORIAL VOLUME, BEING A HISTOEY OF THE COLLEGE AND A KECORD OF ITS MEN. Rev. S. E. OCHSENFORD (76), A.M., Editor. {Published by Authority of the Board of Trustees of the College.) ALLUNTOWN, PA.: MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1892. / t'K'IVIRC. iYY APPOINTED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THEODORE L. SEIP, 'D.T)., President of the College. mATTHlAS H. T{ICHARDS, T).T)., Secretary of the Faculty. GEORGE F. SPIEKER,T).T).,Tresident of the Board of Trustees. %EV. SAMUEL Jl. ZIEGENFUSS, ^ .{M., Secretary of the 'Board. 'REV. CHARLES J. COOPER, ^.{M., Treasurer of the College. (fCommittee of ^jfrerngetnents foi; tit* ^rtuvt^V" (Centennial (Celebi^attan, APPOINTED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. T{Ey. GEORGE F. SPIEKER, 'D.T)., 'President. 'R^EV. SAMUEL Jl. ZIEGENFUSS, Secretary. 'REV. CHARLES J. COOPER. •REV. STEPHEN ^. 'REPASS, 'D.T). 'R^EV. JACOB T>. SCHINDEL.- 'REV. ENOCH SMITH. REV. THEODORE L. SEIP, 'D.'D. JAMES K. mOSSER. ALFRED G. SAEGER. THOMAS W. SAEGER. HON. EDIVARD S. SHIMER. Cgnavtei^'iCentennial (Suomntittee at tf|e Alumni ^ssoctation. HOIVARD S. SEIP, 'D.'D.S., '8^, Chairman. TtEV. TROF. JOHN Jl. "BAUMAN, 'jj. EDIVIN H. STINE, ESQ__, '75. 'PROF. GEORGE T. ETTINGER, 'Ph.'D., '80. T^EUBEN J. 'BUTZ, ESQ., '87. TrKV-^-ii ^,S- u\ c[ Cots': tflc . PREFACE. The Quarter-Centennial Memorial Volume of Muhlen- berg College has been prepared and is published by the au- thority of the Board of Trustees of the College. At the semi- annual meeting of the Board, held January 21, 1890, action was taken looking to a proper celebration of the quarter-cen- tennial of the establishment of the College. Among other matters attended to at that time, bearing on the celebration, the following resolutions were adopted : Resolved, That arrangements be made as soon as possible to begin the collection and preparation of material for a " Muhlenberg Memorial Vol- ume" to be published in 1892. Resolved, That for this purpose the Eev. S. E. Ochsenford, of the Class of '76, be appointed editor of the book, and that the officers of the Boards, the secretary of the Paoulty, and the president of the College be associated with the editor, as a committee, to whom, in conjunction with the editor, all matters pertaining to the preparation and publication of the work shall be committed. In accordance with this action of the Board of Trustees, the volume, herewith presented, has been prepared. It offers to the friends and patrons of Muhlenberg College a carefully- prepared history of the institution and an equally carefully- prepared record of its men. Neither time nor labor has been spared to make both the history and the record reliable and worthy of the institution in whose interest this volume has been prepared and is now published. The aim has been to put in permanent form the history of the College, covering the first twenty-five years of its existence, and to preserve an accurate record of the early life and subsequent activity of each alumnus of the College, as well as of non-graduates, undergraduates, and preparatorians. More than two years have been spent in 4 PREFACE. the effort of realizing our aim ; and it is exceedingly gratifying to us to be able to state that we have measurably succeeded in the realization of our aim. The aim all along has been, too, to make every statement correct and reliable. Mistakes, no doubt, will be discovered ; but, wherever found, the reader can rest assured that they are not always due to carelessness on the part of the editor, but most generally to the carelessness with which data were furnished by those who were kindly requested to furnish only reliable information. The editor acknowledges his indebtedness for valuable ma- terial in the preparation of the earlier history of the College to President Seip and the Eev. P. J. F. Schantz, both of whom have done the College valuable services in the collection of important historical material, the former in the history of the College published in the " History of the Lehigh Valley," and the latter in an historical address delivered at the Sixth Com- mencement of Muhlenberg College. President Seip's carefully- prepared historical sketch has been very largely utilized, in the preparation of this volume, by the authors of various articles contained in this volume. This accounts for the similarity of phraseology in the several departments of this book. Presi- dent Seip, the other members of the Faculty, and Treasurer Cooper have heartily co-operated with the editor in the prepa- ration of this volume, and to their co-operation is very largely due the successful accomplishment of the aim of the Board of Trustees, as indicated in their original resolutions concerning the quarter-centennial. Acknowledgment is here also made of the generous aid rendered by the Eev. Henry E. Jacobs, D. D., LL. D., professor of systematic theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, at Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the preparation of the biographical sketch of Dr. Muhlenberg, by the Eev. Benjamin Sadtler in his valuable contributions, of all others whose articles bear their signatures, and of Miss Kath- leen L. Hosterman, of Selinsgrove, Pa., for her valuable assist- ance in reading proof. Besides these acknowledgments, the statement deserves to be made, that the editor has met with uniform courtesy and helpfulness, in the prosecution of his arduous task, from all PREFACE. 5 those to whom he applied for assistance and information. To more than three thousand letters of inquiry, sent out in con- nection with this work, only a few unkind replies were re- ceived, and these were doubtless due to a misapprehension of the inquiries made, or the object of the book. For this uniform courtesy and general willingness to aid in the work, he desires to tender heartfelt thanks to all who by their kindness and co-operation have lightened his labors. The quarter-centennial celebration has come and gone. It was a season of great rejoicing to the friends of Muhlenberg College ; it afforded an opportunity of old class-mates to meet again after years of separation and of renewing old friendships ; and it helped to bring the College more prominently to the atten- tion of the people than had ever before been done. A carefully- prepared report is contained in this volume, as a memento of that interesting and memorable occasion. This report has an added value on account of the fact that it contains the Bacca- laureate Sermon delivered by President Seip, and the able and interesting addresses delivered by Drs. Muhlenberg and Sadtler. With these explanations and acknowledgments, but without an apology for its appearance, we send forth this memorial volume, and commend it to the alumni, students, and friends of Muhlenberg College, accompanied with the earnest wish that the future history of Muhlenberg College may be even more fruitful of good works than the past, and that many friends may rise up to favor Muhlenberg with their patronage and gifts. S. B. O. Selinsqkotb, Pa., September 1, 1892. CONTENTS. PAGE PEBPACE 3 I.— INTKODUOTORY 9 1. The Quaktbk-Cbnthnnial. By Theodore L. Seip, D. D. 11 2. The College: Its Services to the Chukch. By Ben- jamin Sadtler, D. D • 20 3. Eaklt Bdtjcational Bepobts op the Pennsylvania MiNiSTERiUM. By the Editor 28 II.— HISTORICAL 87 1. History oe MtrHLENBERO College. By the Editor ... 39 2. History of Societies in Muhlenberg College ; . . . 144 1. EuTBRPEAN Literary Society. By the Rev. John A. Bauman ('73), A. M 144 2. SoPHRONiAN Literary Society. By Frederick Doerr, ('92), A. B 151 3. Franklin Society. By Professor Davis Garber, Ph. D. 158 4. College Missionary Society. By William Wackernagel, D. D 159 5. Lq-wbll Literary Society 161 6. Alitmni Association. By Professor George T. Ettinger ('80), Ph. D 161 3. " The Muhlenberg." By the Rev. Prank M. Seip ('87), A. M 165 III.— BIOGRAPHICAL 169 A. The Faculty 171 1. The Presidents: 171 Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, D. D., LL. D. By Henry E. Jacobs, D. D., LL. D 171 Benjamin Sadtler, D. D. By Professor George T. Et- tinger ('80), Ph.D 181 Theodore Lorenzo Seip, D. D. By the Eev. Samuel A. Ziegenfuss ('70), A. M 184 2. The Present Professors 196 Professor Davis Garber, Ph. D. By the Editor . . . 196 Matthias H. Richards, D. D. By the Editor 200 William Wackernagel, D. D. By the Editor . . .' . 203 7 8 CONTENTS. PAGE Eev. John A. Batjman ('73), A. M. By the Kev. Wil- liam K. Prick ('70), A. M 207 Gboeqk p. Spibkbb, D. D. By the Editor 209 3. Former Professors 212 4. Instructors in the Academic Department 232 B. Trustees 237 C Students ... 276 1. Alumni 277 2. Non-Graduates 411 3. Undergraduates 454 4. Preparatorians 471 IV.— QUAETEE-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 521 I. INTRODUCTORY. THE QUARTER-CENTENNIAL. BY THEODORE LOEENZO SEIP, D.D., President of Muhlenberg College. The quarter-centennial celebration has come and gone. It was an occasion of special interest to the writer ; for, in thought at least, if not in name, he could link with it the com- memoration of his own quarter-centennial of service in Muh- lenberg College. In the providence of God, it has been his privilege to grow gray in its service, for he has been connected with it continuously from the beginning, and has devoted his entire active life, such as it has been, since his graduation from our Theological Seminary, to its interests. In his own person he has lived through all its trials and struggles, its triumphs and victories. Twenty-five years of toils and prayers, of tears and labors, with the precious rewards of their kind, which God has granted, constitute no insignificant part of his life and ex- perience. Surely, in view of this fact, the reader will pardon him for this personal reference. The celebration was interesting, also, and remarkable, for the fact that all who have occupied the presidency of the College during its entire history were able to be present and to par- ticipate together in its observance. They rejoiced with one accord, in heart and mind, at what God had wrought. They could praise the Lord that He had at length brought the insti- tution, which for years had been the object of their cares and prayers, out of much tribulation to this day of jubilee. They were spared, with others who had been associated with them in the faculty for many years, to see the fruits of their toils. The propriety and advantage of the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the College will not 11 12 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. be questioned by the large numbers who attended and partici- pated in it. It was deemed advisable by the authorities of the College to arrange for such a commemoration as would impress upon the public, and especially the friends and constituency of the insti- tution, the history of its past struggles and the important work which it has accomplished for the church and the world, during the first twenty-five years of its existence. "With this object in view, measures were taken to provide a suitable program for the celebration, in connection with the exercises of commencement-week ; and, that we might have a permanent record of the event, as well as of the history of the College, arrangements were made for the preparation and publication of a Quarter-Centennial Memorial Yolume op Muhlenberg College. Both objects have been accomplished ; with what degree of success it behooves others rather than the writer of these in- troductory lines to say. In accordance with the general idea, which was to control the observance of the quarter-centennial, the writer inaugurated the celebration on Baccalaureate Sun- day, June 19, 1892, by preaching an historical discourse to the graduating class, in St. John's Lutheran Church. He based his sermon on 1 Samuel vii. 12, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." He briefly reviewed the history of the College during the years preceding his own administration, endeavoring to show the leadings of Providence in its founding and maintenance in this city; the difficulties through which it passed; the fruitful work which it accomplished under all the disabling financial conditions that prevailed throughout a large part of its history, and its needs for the future growth and development of our educational work. This was followed by an address to the under- graduates and friends of the College by the second president, the Eev. Dr. Benjamin Sad tier, on Wednesday morning, June 22, in Music Hall. His subject was, " The Ends in View in Securing an Edu- cation." He treated it in an able manner, pointing out the false and maintaining the true ends of an education. On Thursday morning, June 23, preceding the commencement in Music Hall, INTRODUCTORY. 13 the first president, the Eev. Dr. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, de- livered an excellent address of a reminiscent character, refer- ring to the early history of the institution, its difficulties and labors, as preparing the way for its present success. On Thurs- day afternoon the celebration culminated in the open air exer- cises on the front campus, where the pleasant weather, the delightful music by the same band that furnished the music twenty-five years before at the founding of the College, and the excellent quarter-centennial addresses by representative men, eminent in the church and in sister educational institu- tions, combined to render the occasion successful and mem- orable in the history of the institution. The letters of congratulation received by the president from universities and colleges of the first rank in different parts of the country, both from those within our own church and those not of our communion, as well as the valuable testimonial to the high grade of our curriculum given in a special letter to the writer by the United States Commissioner of Education, William T. Harris, LL.D., we think fully prove the high esteem in which Muhlenberg College is held in educational circles. This fact was also prominently brought out by a number of the eminent gentlemen who represented other institutions of learning on the program of speakers for the afternoon. Such recognition from such sources must be gratifying, not only to the trustees and faculty of the institution, but also to her alumni, students, and friends. The true sons of the College have no occasion to apologize for their alma mater. That she has many of this character was shown by the prominent part taken by the alumni in the celebration, and the large numbers who came from distant parts to rejoice with her. Two of the notable features of the week were the alumni banquet on Tuesday evening, in the Hotel Allen, and the alumni social reunion and entertainment in Music Hall, on Thursday evening, the last but not the least im- portant event of the celebration. Great credit is due especially to the committee of the alumni, who labored incessantly day and night to make their part of the program successful. Their success is conceded on every hand. 14 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. The alumni banquet will long be remembered, not only by the large number of the alumni who were present, but also by their guests ; and not so much for the rich feast that was spread before them, excellent as it was ; but especially for the able and earnest addresses, which were aglow with " thoughts that breathe and words that burn." The delightful social re- union, with its charming music by the Musicale, and appropri- ate addresses by the alumni, and the songs in which the entire audience joined, formed a fitting and most impressive conclu- sion to the celebration of the quarter-centennial. We do not purpose in this article to give a detailed account of the pro- gram for the week, or of the speakers and their addresses. This will be done by the editor at the proper place. We have deemed it proper to single out a few points as worthy of special mention in this place, showing that we did not judge amiss when we concluded that it would be advisable to undertake a celebration of our quarter-centenary as a means of bringing the College prominently before the public, of I'eviving the interest of her alumni, students, and friends, and of promoting a move- ment in the near future to enlarge her sphere of usefulness by providing more amply for her growth and development. The past history of Muhlenberg College is one of which we need not be ashamed. It was established by godly men on the foundation of the prophets and apostles, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner-stone. It has been loyal to the confessions of our Evangelical Lutheran Church, and has care- fully looked after the Christian training of the young men who have been committed to its charge. It has looked upon the formation of character, the cultivation of the entire man, spiritual as well as intellectual and physical; the education of the conscience and heart, as well as the reason and will, as of essential and prime importance. True education is not only a means to an end, but an end in itself, and that end the formation of right character. Any education that fails to accomplish this is a source of evil to its possessor and to society at large. For it only puts a sharp-edged instrument into the hands of fallen men, with which they are sure to inflict evil on themselves and their fellow-men. INTRODUCTORY. 15 If any of the alumni of Muhlenberg College has made ship- wreck of his character, and has failed to benefit his fellow-men, he has failed in spite of the instruction and training of his alma mater, and because of his unfilial conduct towards her. Her record for faithfulness in this respect cannot be successfully impugned. If a tree may be judged by its fruits, Muhlenberg College must be held sound to the core ; for of its alumni, over fifty per centum have already entered the ministry of the gospel in our own church, to say nothing of those who, as members of other communions, have entered the sacred ministry. Of the rest many are useful and active in the work of the church in their several spheres of labor as laymen. The success of our graduates, coming from so young a college as Muhlenberg, has attracted wide attention. For a college only twenty -five years old, she has a remarkably large number of sons who have dis- tinguished themselves in the pulpit, in authorship, in the pro- fessor's chair in colleges and theological seminaries and else- where ; and in various other occupations, both professional and non-professional. Not to mention the hundreds who received their education in the College without remaining long enough to attain gradu- ation, and the graduates who are engaged in secular pursuits, who can measure the influences for good of the more than one hundred and fifty ministers of the gospel who are on the roll of her alumni? Eternity alone can reveal the extent of the good done by such a body of educated servants of God. The work of the College in training them for their service is part of her past history, and of this she surely has reason to feel proud. The history of the College has been characterized by alter- nate struggle and success. Her chief difSculties have been of a financial character, arising from the failure to secure, at the very start, a sufficient fund for the payment of the property, the erection of the new building, and the adaptation of the old ones to the purposes of the College. Its founders were disap- pointed in their just expectations in this respect, and the result was that a large debt, which was increased by annual deficits for a number of years, at one time at least, namely, at the close 16 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. of the year 1875, brought the College perilously near financial ruin. By the blessing of God this was averted, and its greatest crisis was successfully passed, although its financial poverty still limited and impeded its progress in every direction. From time to time relief came, notably in the endowment of the "Asa Packer" and the " Mosser-Keck" professorships. Addi- tional relief has come from the collections for endowments and the liquidation of the debt, until the institution has now reached such a degree of financial prosperity, that it was able at its recent commencement to signalize its quarter-centennial by adding three persons to its corps of instruction, thus increasing the efficiency and number of its teaching force, and relieving, to some extent, the necessity of double duty in different depart- ments by the professors. For some years the affairs of the in- stitution have been so managed that the income from all sources has been sufficient to meet the expenditure, and bills payable have been met promptly every month. The financial credit of the institution is therefore the very best, and it is the aim and purpose of those in charge to maintain this condition of things. The College property, both without and within the buildings, has been placed and is kept in thorough repair, so that, while they are not as extensive and magnificent as the College will doubtless possess in the future, they nevertheless do not discredit its present stage of development. Every dollar that may here- after be given, either for the endowment or the liquidation of the residue of the debt, will be added to the productive funds of the College, the income of which can be applied to the in- crease of its educational facilities and appliances, and the en- largement of its plant and sphere of its usefulness. This is not the place to enter into the details of the history of the College. These form an important part of the contents of this vol- ume, and will be found in the sketch of the College history, drawn by the careful hand of the editor. "Whoever will read it attentively shall find that notwithstanding the financial difficulties that beset its path, the College has, nevertheless, in a large measure accomplished the aim of its founders ; and, in comparison with the limited funds placed at its disposal, done a great work for the church and the world. The close of the INTRODUCTORY. 17 first twenty-five years of its existence forms an epoch which it was eminently proper to commemorate. The public celebration of its quarter-centenary, favored, as it evidently was, by the smiles of heaven, should encourage us to more earnest prayer and greater efTort in its behalf in the future, ever putting our trust in God, who has been our support in the past. "Whilst we may learn much from the history and experiences of the past, so young an institution as Muhlenberg College must look to the future for its growth and development. Thus far the foundations only have been laid, and this part of the struc- ture is solid and abiding. It is ours to see that the right sort of building is erected thereon ; that we build for the future, and not only for the passing moment, for the present. The future, with all its immense possibilities, is before us. It is for us to see our opportunities and to use them aright. Hundreds of our youth who now find their way to colleges and universities with larger equipments of every sort, drawn thither by the attraction of numbers and magnitude, would come to Muhlenberg College if we had similar equipments in grounds and buildings and the extent of our educational appli- ances. Thus many of the choice youth of our church are lost to us, and by their training in institutions of another faith are eventually lost to our church. If only a portion of the Lord's wealth which is in the hands of his stewards in our church were devoted to furnishing equal and superior equipments for their own College, these young men would be saved to the faith and church of their fathers. They often become the most liberal and influential members of other communions, so that by their means others found and endow institutions. "We know of instances of this kind, and doubtless many a city pastor could corroborate this statement from his own experience. A synod so venerable, so large, so influential as the Ministe- rium of Pennsylvania certainly should supply from its member- ship abundance of means to furnish its College with equipments of every kind, second to none. The very best is not too good for it. It would be wise economy for the church, with a view to future returns, to spend hundreds of thousands of dollara in 18 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. speedily bringing her educational work to the front. It would bring forth fruit an hundred-fold in the development of her work in the old established congregations and in her mission work at home and abroad. "We have the numbers to furnish many more to our Theological Seminary and the ministry of the gospel than are now supplied. We feel confident, that with the same ex- tensive appliances as are possessed by our wealthy neighboring institutions, we would not only hold our own material, much of which is attracted to other and larger institutions, but to a greater extent than they can, we would draw from the affiliated Pennsylvania German population on our territory. While we have educated many most excellent scholars in the past twenty- five years under the present limitations as to buildings and equipment, and can educate many more in the future under the same limitations, if God so wills, still our sphere of useful- ness could be greatly enlarged, and the church reap richer har- vests if the sowing and planting were on a more liberal scale, if the College plant and equipment were larger. In comparison with the extensive grounds, magnificent buildings, and educa- tional appliances of the wealthy institutions on our territory, we feel the need of a more liberal provision of these things, if we would hold our own, and develop as we should the educa- tional work and interests of the church and people that, in the providence of God, have been entrusted to our care. We have in view at present a suburban property of over one hundred acres, beautiful for situation, conspicuous from every point of view, accessible, and in every way suitable and ample for all the future requirements of the institution. May we not hope to secure this ? As a beginning of what should constitute a well-formed plan of buildings for different departments, as the future development of the institution shall call for them, we would need the main central edifice, which should be complete in all its appointments, and of the first quality in every respect, so that it would compare with the best of other institutions. Then, from time to time, building after building could be added, as the growth of the institution and the liberality of its friends permitted. The present property could be used to the great advantage of the institution for the accommodation of INTRODUCTORY. 19 the subordinate departments, — the academic, business, musical, and whatever others its location in the heart of the city might invite, and the management deem it right and profitable to maintain. Thus the past, with all its traditions so dear to the old college student, would be linked with the future, with all its hopes and possibilities of development. "What an oppor- tunity for the princes in Israel, the rich men of our church, both to do good perpetually with their money, and to erect for themselves monuments "more lasting than brass and more sublime than the royal structure of the pyramids." There are individuals in the church who could present the grounds ; there are others who could erect the buildings, and both they and their children would be the better for it. What an impulse for good in the entire future work of the church such men have it in their power to give. May God move the hearts of some of his servants to signal- ize this quarter-centennial year, not only by the removal of the debt, but by devising liberal things for the speedy development of this larger sphere of usefulness for Muhlenberg College. THE COLLEGE-ITS SERVICES TO THE CHURCH. BY THE REV. BENJAMIN SADTLEE, D.D., Second President of Muhlenberg College. The church is not a human institution. According to apos- tolic testimony, it " is the church of the living God, the pillar and the ground of the truth." Divine in its origin, to it is com- mitted a solemn trust. It is no less than to be the very foun- dation, through the ages, upon which truth shall rest, and in the name of the living God to uphold, conserve, and diffuse that truth. In short, to be its defender and its custodian. To every true member of this church there should be such a sacredness attached to the truth that no pains should be deemed too severe, and no sacrifices too great, to defend and promulgate it. What is duty to the individual member is pre-eminently such to the church as an organism. The apostolical epistles teem with injunctions upon this point, notably those of Paul to Timothy and Titus, and those of Peter. In all ages the church has striven to give obedience to them, with greater or less success, according to its own spirituality and purity. Already, in the second century, in Alexandria, schools for the instruction of the Christian youth, especially of such as had the gospel ministry in view, were established. A historian of the early church gives testimony on this point, thus : " As early as the first part of the third century we find the north of Africa under the influence of Christianity, lit up with an intellectual splendor which ever since has been regarded as the marvel of that age. Alexandria at that time had become famous for her schools and her scholars, her Clement and her Origen ; and Carthage had become the chief seat of the Latin theology, the home of Cyprian and Tcrtullian." Whilst the 20 INTRODUCTORY. 21 downfall of the Eoman empire for a while checked the activity of the church in promoting the diffusion of Christian learning and the thorough training of its ministry, the work was still prosecuted in the monastic institutions that became the salva- tion of the church from ignorance and almost extinction. The times of Charlemagne and Alfred the Great showed marked activity in reviving learning and general intelligence. Soon thereafter universities were founded in Italy, France, Germany, and England, and the priests were largely the promoters and professors. The lay professor was highly exceptional. In theory, at least, an educated ministry has always been the ideal of the church. It would be a waste of time to stop to prove how correct such an ideal is, and what a prime necessity to the prosperity and the power of the Christian church is a ministry sanctified in heart, but enriched by all the broad cul- ture that a good education can give. In our own "Western world, colleges were founded almost as soon as the first emi- grants had the rudest homes for their protection, and ministers of the gospel were their founders and teachers, with the avowed purpose of rearing up an educated clergy. Such was notably the case with Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. To-day, as it has always been, the legend upon the corporate seal of Harvard University is, " Christo et ecclesia," for Christ and the church. Now, let it be remembered, these institutions and others were denominational, and their example has been followed until the vast majority of all the institutions of learning in the broad land are such. They have been founded, endowed, and patron- ized by specific churches, with specific creeds and ecclesiastical practices and preferences. Let us tarry a moment and raise the question whether the practice of the churches has been at fault in this ecelesiasti- cism, thus carried into its educational work ? It is a fact, capable of historic proof, that the successful men in professional and literary life have been those of strong convictions of truth and implicit faith in their utterances and teachings. We go back to the patriarch Jacob for the dictum as to character, pronounced over Eeuben : " Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel." Now, youth is not the most favorable period of life 22 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. for stability. Expose the plastic mind to diverse moral and educational influences, often in positive opposition to eaeli J other, and the result is easy to forecast. Send a worshipper around to worship in a different church and hear a different preacher every Lord's day of the year, and the product might be a spiritual jelly-fish in human form, but not the stalwart man of faith, the pastor delights in. In short, without unity of instruction in the family, the sanctuary, the school, and the college, stability and consistent conviction are not easily ac- quired. The man that has boxed the compass of all the issues of the day, is not the trusted teacher for our churches. Muhlen- \ I berg College was primarily founded to secure collegiate train- ^ ing for the candidates for the ministry of the Lutheran Church, without detriment to their ancestral faith and religious char- , ,aeter. It has asked the patronage of its churches and families-' with more than an implied promise to train their students in harmony with the Confessions of the Church. And she has been true to her trust. !N"or can she be charged with intoler- ance in doing so. With the honest conviction that the truth, as taught by our confessions, is the truth as taught by the Master and his apostles, she has taught in harmony with the Lutheran system of doctrine, whenever in the course religious and moral questions were broached, but she has left that teaching to the enforcement of the author of all truth, without proscription of those who came to her halls differing in their religious views. No tyranny over conscience has been attempted. The dignified, serious presentation of our convictions and views is not intolerance. The articles of our creed have been presented in the above spirit, and no anathema has been added. In this spirit this institution has passed through a quarter of a century of beneficent history, respected by such of her students as were not of her own faith, and, we trust, venerated and loved by such as were. But what has Muhlenberg College done more particularly for the Lutheran Church ? As far as visible results are concerned, she has opened a new field for her educational activity, by pro- viding convenient access to the youth of her congregations, in the very centre of her population and strongholds of her power. 7^ TROD UCTOR T. 23 BasterB Pennsylvania is the seat of original settlement of the Germans from the Palatinate and from Alsace. The tens of thousands, sent over largely by Queen Anne, had multiplied into hundreds of thousands. The few feeble churches served by Muhlenberg and his associates from Halle, had increased to hundreds. The Synod that convened at Philadelphia in 1748 and was composed of six members, two of whom were Swedes, though now restricted in territory, had become a large and in- fluential body. The so-called German counties teemed with a prosperous citizenship, filling every vocation in life, respected for their worth and rectitude. Yet whilst the Lutheran Church was the leading one in all this region, she did not possess a sin- gle institution above the grade of an academy, and not one that could confer a literary degree. Apart from all other con- siderations, the time had ripened to give this population su- perior literary advantages. There was eminent fitness and far-seeing wisdom in establishing Muhlenberg College, to meet an acknowledged want. The policy is a judicious one to mul- tiply colleges to a reasonable extent and bring the advantages of an education near to the population. The church had an institution of learning at Gettysburg, and the Ministerium held control of two of its professorial chairs. But, aside from a growing divergence in religious views, facts showed that rela- tively few of the sons of our churches from east of the Sus- quehanna availed themselves of its facilities. A quarter of a century ago it was deemed a long journey to Gettysburg, and it required marked enterprise to undertake it. Accessibility has been a potent factor in promoting higher education. Nor has the financial aspect of the case been overlooked. Our youth, thii-sting for knowledge, yet coming often from humble homes and the close economies of the farm, have not been appalled by extravagant charges and modes of expendi- ture, that would send them back home in despair. Their manhood has not been insulted and mocked by fictitious standards of gentility, and their noblest aspirations to reach out for spheres of usefulness and influence have been gratified. And yet our College has never exposed herself to the charge of furnishing a cheap education, in any derogatory sense. She 24 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. has simply discouraged that form of student-life that makes the club-house of more importance than the recitation-room, and proficiency in so-called athletic sports of more esteem than solid scholarship. Discouragement of extravagance in the non-essentials of a collegiate education has made it possible for many a worthy youth to finish his course in honorable inde- pendence and go forth into the world equipped for its warfare and its work. Tor the statistical results, as shown by an analysis of the catalogues of the institution, I am indebted to the industry and superior information of one of its worthy alumni, the Eev. S. E. Ochsenford, of Selinsgrove. In the brief history of the col- lege, there have two hundred and ninety-six graduates gone forth, not including the fifteen who expect to attain to that honor at the commencement of 1892. Of this number one hundred and fifty-one have taken upon themselves the sacred I office of the ministry, and twenty-one are preparing for it. All but twelve of this number have entered the Lutheran min- 'istry. Fifty-five have become, or are preparing to become, lawyers, and twenty-two physicians. Fifty-five have entered upon other occupations, and twenty have departed this life. The' number who took a partial course in the College classes is two hundred and nineteen. Twenty-six of this number be- came ministers, thirteen of them Lutheran. Thirteen devoted themselves to the law, twenty-six to medicine, and fifty-seven betook themselves to other occupations. The pursuits of ninety are unknown : eighteen have died. A further analysis of these facts and figures will show that largely over the half of the alumni devoted themselves to the gospel ministry ; and whether within the bounds of the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania or in the remoter synods and mission- fields of the church, they are among the most zealous and pro- gressive pastors, doing honor to the institution that has reared them and the sacred cause they represent. Large is the num- ber of new congregations they have called into being, and in the higher home many there will be to rise up and call them blessed. Young as is the institution, already eighteen have attained to professorial position, the most of them in educa- INTRODUCTORY. 25 tional institutions of the West. In evidence of literary and scientific activity, one has attained the Doctorate of Divinity, seven the Doctorate of Philosophy, with two more preparing for it, and two the Bachelor's Degree in Science. There are other more indirect benefits the institution has conferred upon the church which deserve a passing notice. It has unquestionably, through its ministerial graduates, awakened a deeper Lutheran consciousness in many of our churches. In connection with the Seminary at Philadelphia, it has labored in the line of a wider acquaintance with the doctrinal system and the churchly practices of the Lutheran Church. The results are patent to the observation of all who are not wilfully blind. It has largely supplied a ministry able, through the use of the English language, to save our youth from being lost to our communion. Twenty-five years have revolutionized Eastern Pennsylvania as to language. The first time the writer of this visited Allentown from the direction of Eeading it was in a lumbering mail-coach. The only way of reaching Baston was by the same mode of conveyance. The introduction of the railroad system brought in the English language like a flood. Humanly speaking, if this institution had not qualified a body of English-speaking ministers to follow up the change, our churches would have been depleted of their youth, and our inland cities, now rejoicing in from four to eight vigorous English churches, would have had but solitary sickly ones, without a future of hope. But the services of the College to the church have not been solely in raising up a competent sup- ply of pastors, but in advancing the general grade of intelli- gence among her laymen. A marked divergence between the intelligence of the pulpit and the pew is not a happy state of affairs in any denomination. Genuine learning is never fond of vain display, and however broad the intelligence of the devoted pastor, he will never strive to dominate his audience by a stilted exhibition of his own vast reading and profound dialectics. But, on the other hand, the most thoroughly learned minister knows that, single-handed, his best efi'orts, in advancing the Christian activity and the churchly zeal of his parishioners, will be well-nigh abortive without the co-operation of at least 26 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. a number of members whose views have been expanded by education and whose intelligence has been quickened by a con- stant acquaintance with the literature and benevolent move- ments of the church. Muhlenberg College has already made her influence felt in this direction, and as time moves on will do so to a larger extent. There are now among her lay alumni a large number whose counsels and assistance are the joy of their pastors, and who, in the synodical and benevolent aspects of church work, are helping forward the good cause. Their influence reaches a wider sphere, and in municipal, state, and national legislation their voices are being heard and their activity felt. The Germanic stock on the territory of this in- stitution has never been as self-assertive as it was entitled to be, in view of its probity of character and pecuniary ability. With institutions of learning within reach, such should not continue to be a just reproach. With what has been accom- plished, there is encouragement for the future, and all who can use voice or pen should urge upon the churches collectively, and their members individually, the more general education of their sons, that our Germanic stock should, never lack educated representatives in all the professions, in every sphere of business activity and public usefulness. May Muhlenberg College become more largely than ever an important factor in securing this desirable end. And may she never lack noble-minded and large-hearted friends that will liberally supply her with the means to be the peer of the best institutions of the land, with professorial chairs amply en- dowed and ably manned, with, buildings enlarged and beauti- fied, and libraries, laboratories, and museums richly stocked with every literary and scientific adjunct required by an age ever advancing in intelligence and enterprise. And, above all, may the presence of the Lord Jehovah abide with her forever. EARLY EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA MINISTERIUM.* BY THE EDITOK. There can be no subject presented which has stronger claims on our consideration than that of education. Whether viewed as physical, intellectual, or moral, in connection with the Church or the State, in its relations to time and eternity, it presents one of the widest and most interesting fields of study and involves the most important issues. JSTo wonder, therefore, that it has engaged the most careful attention of legislators, statesmen, philanthropists, and Christians, both clerical and lay, in every age of the world, and under every condition of society. The Christian Church has ever looked upon it as a matter of vital importance. The Bible itself, wherever it has been received and circulated, awakens this interest, and, as a consequence, wherever the light of the Divine Word shines most clearly, un- obscured by human superstition or devices, there is found the most advanced state of humanity, the profoundest thought, the most genuine piety, and the greatest activity. It is well known what zeal Luther and Melanchthon manifested on the subject of Christian education, what efforts they made in order to in- duce the rulers and magistrates of the German States to make suitable provision for the educational advancement of their * This article is based on two important articles prepared by the Rev. Dr. P. A. Muhlenberg at the request of the Evangelical Lutheran Minis- terium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States, and published in the Evangel- ical Review, Gettysburg, Pa. , Vol. X. , pp. 269-290 and 530-563. It was the earnest desire of the Editorial Committee of the Muhlenberg Memorial Volume that the honored first ex-president of the College should furnish this article, but to their great regret he was prevented from gratifying their wishes, on account of other duties and ill health. — Ed. 27 28 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. people, by the establishment of higher institutions of learning. They were the warmest advocates of an educated ministry and a learned people, and the most constant friends of the profes- sional teacher. Nor did the long line of distinguished succes- sors of these eminent men in Germany depart from their principles ; but they followed their bright example, and every- where strove to unite religion and education, to have the young gathered into Christian schools, so that they might be trained for usefulness in the Church and State. Since that time the Lutheran Church has been known as an educating church. No better illustrations, among the more recent successors of the Eeformers, in proof of this, could be selected than Bengel and Francke, men who will bear favorable comparison, for learning, piety, and Christian activity, with any number of men who have lived in modern times. IN THE TIME OP MUHLENBERG AND HIS CO-LABOKEKS. It is natural to suppose that the founders of our church in Pennsylvania, who came from the Fatherland, were well ac- quainted with the history of the church and enjoyed the in- structions of the Halle Institutions, or assisted there or else- where as teachers, would follow in the footsteps of their emi- nent predecessors. We would be disposed to infer, in advance of all evidence, that they would be warm friends of Christian education for all classes of people. Educated themselves, com- ing from a land of institutions of learning, they would be anx- ious to transfer the excellences of their native to their adopted country. Such also was the fact. Scarcely had our early ministers reached the shores of Amer- ica, before we find them mourning over the wide-spread desola- tion of our church in Pennsylvania and devoting their earnest attention to the Christian training of the young, that they might be qualified for usefulness, both in the Church and the State. Privately and publicly, in their individual and collective capacity, they did all they could to promote this desirable ob- ject. Though burdened with ministerial labors, pressed down with the cares and anxieties arising from their obligations, and wearied by incessant services in several languages, both on the INTRODUCTORY. 29 Lord'8 day and during the week, they still, with a provident care for the future, instituted that series of mea'sures for the education of the young, which gradually resulted in the greater efficiency of the present method of education. These efforts began shortly after the arrival of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, in 1742, and continued all through his long and useful activity. It is a well-known fact, that the attention of our early ministers was directed to institutions of higher education prior to the Eevolutionary War, even before they had any such institutions of their own. They started with congregational schools. Their ideal was, that each congregation should have such a school, in which a man of Christian character should be teacher, to instruct the children in the Word of God and Luther's Small Catechism, as well as in the necessary branches of a secular education. This system of congregational schools was kept up in our church until a comparatively recent period, and is yet maintained in some parts of the church. In this early period our pastors continued to look to the Fatherland for supplies of vacancies and for new posts of labor still to be occupied. Yet they did not altogether neglect the duty of obtaining and educating suitable persons to fill the ministerial office. The pastors themselves, in addition to their other arduous duties, also assumed that of preparing men for the sacred office. Some of those thus educated had received their preparatory training in Germany, others in some of the schools of this country ; some were trained to become teachers, others cateehists, and others for the ministry. Candidates of this kind were received into the families of the older pastors, often boarded at their expense, and furnished, in addition, gratui- tously, with books and instruction, in order to qualify them for their important duties. Thus were trained by Muhlenberg, Brunnholtz, and others ; Kurtz, Schaum, Sehrenk, Weygand, Eauss, Van Buskirk, and others ; and many more in a similar way by their successors. After having undei-gone a sufficient training, they were brought before Synod at its annual meet- ing, examined, and, if considered competent and accepted by the Ministerium, were solemnly ordained to the sacred office. But these pioneers of Lutheranism in this western world felt 30 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. the necessity of other means for the more rapid increase of min- isters. Muhlenberg, we learn from the Halle Annals, frequently- called the attention of the Fathers in Europe and his breth- ren in office to this subject, and in the year 1773 proposed the establishment of a kind of Catechetical School, for the purpose of preparing a greater number of assistant laborers. , His plan seems to have been to prepare men, who would be qualified to explain in a simple and intelligible way the fundamental truths of the Christian religion and of our evangelical faith from the "Word of God ; to instruct the rising generation and edify the aged ; to conduct both classes in the way of faith to a holy life ; to set them a consistent example, even though they would not be as thoroughly instructed in such an institution as in the universities of Germany. We find nothing further with reference to this project ; but our attention is next directed to the Seminary or Latin School proposed and established by Dr. Kunze, with the approbation of the other Lutheran pastors of Philadelphia. This Seminary was more pretentious in its essential features than the one already mentioned, but requiring too large an expenditure of means for the condition of the church at the time. It, how- ever, shows his zeal in behalf of education and Christianity, and deserves to be mentioned, as it is really the first attempt of the Germans to have a college or university of their own in this country. It was established by the pastors in Philadel- phia, Februaiy 9, 1773, and seems to have maintained a pre- carious existence until 1778, when, in consequence of the occu- pation of Philadelphia by the British, from want of adequate support, it was closed. The branches studied in this school were the higher sciences, English, law, medicine, and theology. In 1780 a new effort was made by Dr. Kunze in a different direction. In 1779 the University of Pennsylvania was estab- lished, and there was a provision in its charter that the senior ministers of all religious denominations should be among the trustees. By virtue of this provision Dr. Kunze was elected a trustee of this institution, and subsequently appointed one of a committee of five, to prepare a plan for its organization. He proposed, among other things, the establishment of a German INTRODUCTORY. 31 professorship of philology; the recommendation was cordially acceded to by them, though when their report was presented to the board of trustees it met with some opposition, until, after the explanation of the circumstances of the case by Dr. Kunze himself, the proposition was adopted and he was unanimously elected to fill the chair thus created. He labored in this ca- pacity until 1784, when he was elected Professor of Oriental Literature in Columbia College, New York. The Eev. Dr. Helmuth was elected his successor in the University, and ap- pears to have labored in this capacity until 1810. Both these men had great hopes from this new arrangement, and for a time the connection seemed to work advantageously. Dr. Kunze writes in 1782, " We have now been laboring in the Academy two years, and at present my first four scholars, youths of promise, have become members of the University, after having devoted their attention for two years to Latin, Greek, geography, logic, and Hebrew. They still attend to the Humanioria with us, and with the English professors to phi- losophy and mathematics." It may be mentioned incidentally, that though the Synod, as such, had no further formal connec- tion with this institution than that already mentioned, some of its most prominent members have received their preparatory training in it. Influenced, perhaps, by this action of the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania towards the Germans, and also by a desire to secure their patronage, the trustees of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1784, addressed a communication to Synod, in session at Lancaster, informing them that they had elected the elder Kurtz, Schultz, and Muhlenberg trustees of their institution, and asking their co-operation and support. The Synod directed these pastors to reply orally to this com- munication, and to promise the aid of the Synod, in the advance- ment of the interests of the institution, by contributions and favorable recommendations. These were the incipient efforts of our early pastors to fur- nish our people with the means of obtaining a liberal educa- tion ; the " mustard seed," spoken of by the elder Muhlenberg, Kunze, and others, which, planted in faith and prayer, we thus 32 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. see already shooting up, and which we propose to trace in its progress to maturity in the history of the Synod. IN CONNECTION WITH FRANKLIN COLLEGE. Another effort of the Synod to secure an institution of learn- ing was that with which Franklin College was established at Lancaster, Pa. It was designed for the benefit of the citizens of Pennsylvania of German descent, and of others not thus descended, that they might be carefully instructed in the principles of the Christian religion, the English, German, and classical languages, science and literature, to qualify them for usefulness in life. It was provided in the charter, granted in 1786-87, that the number of its trustees should consist of not less than forty -five, of whom fifteen were always to be selected from members of the Lutheran Church, an equal number from the Eeformed Church, and the remaining fifteen from any other denomination of Christians, with the special provision that the}'' must be citizens of Pennsylvania. The oflScers of the institution were to be a principal, vice-principal, and professors, the principal to be selected alternately from the Lutheran and Eeformed Churches. Ten thousand acres of land were granted to the trustees and their successors. It was also provided that " from a profound respect for the talents, virtues, and services to mankind in general, but more especially to this country, of his Excellency, Benjamin Franklin, Esq., President of the Supreme Executive Council, the said College shall be, and hereby is, denominated Franklin College." The institution was formally opened during the meeting of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in Lancaster with appropriate ceremonies, June 6, 1787. The opening address was delivered by Dr. Henry B. Muhlenberg, who was the first president of the institution. In addition to the president, who gave his services gratuitously, three additional instructors were pro- cured, — the Eev. Joseph Hutchins, Professor of the English Language and Belles-Lettres ; the Eev. F. V. Melzheimer (Lutheran), Professor of German, Latin, and Greek, with salaries at first of two hundred pounds, Pennsylvania currency, each ; and Mr. W. Eeichenbach, Professor of Mathematics, at INTRODUCTORY. 33 a salary of fifty pounds. How many students they had the first year we are unable to say ; but it could not have been a large number, since the following year they had only fourteen students. Efforts were made to secure money by donations and subscriptions, both in Lancaster and elsewhere, but not enough was received to assure the success of the enterprise. Though not encouraged as its founders had hoped, the institu- tion was kept open with such a force of instructors as the limited means allowed. It is not surprising, however, when we carefully reflect upon the condition of our church and country at that time, and up to the year 1817, that the hopes of our people were then disappointed. The time for an enter- prise on so large a scale had not yet come. But the lack of funds and the state of education among our people were not the only causes which interfered at that time to thwart the hopes of the friends of the movement. The great prevalence of the German language, and the tenacity with which many of our ancestors clung to their mother-tongue, were potent elements in bringing about a failure in the effort to found an institution whose ultimate aim would be to make the English language predominant over the German. Had the Lutheran and Eeformed population been thoroughly anglicized, the result might and probably would have been different. Little is said of the institution in the proceedings of our Synod between the years 1787 and 1817. During the years 1818-21 the Eeformed Synod manifested a desire to establish a college of their own for the training of ministers for their churches. Their attention was directed to Franklin College as suitable for their purposes, which resulted, in 1850, in a mutual agreement by which the Lutherans received one-third of the funds of Franklin College, to be transferred to Pennsylvania College, established in 1832, for the endowment of the " Frank- lin Professorship ;" the remaining two thirds were given to Marshall College, at Mercersburg, on condition of its removal to Lancaster and carrying on its operations there under the name of Franklin and Marshall College. The amount which the Lutherans received by this division was seventeen thousand one hundred and sixty-nine dollars and sixty-one cents, which 34 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. was paid over to the treasurer of Pennsylvania College, to be permanently invested by that institution for the support of a separate professorship, the first incumbent of which was to be elected by the existing Lutheran members of the Franklin College Board, and the right of nomination of all subsequent incumbents was vested in the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania. With this action ceased all connection of Lu- therans with the management of the institution at Lancaster. IN CONNECTION WITH THE INSTITUTIONS AT GETTTSBURQ. In 1850, when the above transfer was effected. Synod took the following action : " Mesolved, That the Synod heartily approve of the agreement entered into between the Lutheran and German Eeformed trustees of Franklin College, and indulge the confident hope that, under the divine blessing, it will promote the welfare of the church." A proposition was also made, at that time, that two thousand dollars should be raised towards the endowment of a second synodical professor- ship in Pennsylvania College, but Synod regarded the proposi- tion premature at that time, and so the matter was temporarily deferred. In 1851 a representative of the board of this insti- tution was present at the meeting of Synod and made the following proposition : (1) That they be requested to endow a professorship of German Literature and Belles-Lettres in Penn- sylvania College; and (2) That the Synod should have the nomination forever of the incumbent of that chair. This proposition was accepted by the Synod, and was particularly acceptable to the trustees of the College. Arrangements were at once made for the collection of the necessary funds. The Eev. Benjamin Keller was appointed agent. He began his labors November 1, 1851, and finished his labors after three years' service, having collected, exclusive of all expenses, fifteen thousand four hundred and sixty-three dollars and twenty-eight cents, which was afterwards increased to upwards of sixteen thousand dollars. In 1855 the Eev. Dr. Charles P. Schaeffer was elected as the first incumbent of this professor- ship, and in the following year assumed the duties of his office, which he held until his removal to Philadelphia. INTRODUCTORY. 35 The mode of preparing young men for the ministry which had prevailed in the early history of the church in Pennsyl- vania was kept up, with some slight modifications, for a num- ber of years. Young men pursued their preparatory studies wherever it was convenient, either at some of the colleges, as the University of Pennsylvania, Dickinson, or Pennsylvania College; in the schools and academies of the neighborhood where they resided ; or in the families of some of the pastors. After the completion of a prescribed course they studied the- ology under the instruction of one of the pastors. Drs. Hel- muth, Schmidt, Lochman, H. B. Muhlenberg, J. G. Schmucker, and others prepared many students in this way. True, some of these men aimed at something more than mere private tuition, and established temporarily what they called divinity schools, as Drs. Helmuth and Schmidt, in Philadelphia, in 1785, and Dr. Lochman in 1802 ; but, after all, they were rather private than public institutions. The earliest synodical action of a more formal nature, on this subject, was the adoption of a plan according to which young men were to be carefully trained and examined by one of the district conferences, and then be prepared for the office of the ministry. But this was found to be impracticable. In 1822 the matter of the establishment of a theological seminary was brought before the Synod, but failed to carry. In 1826 the General Synod established its Seminary at Gettysburg, and some began to look to that place for a training-school of theo- logical students. In 1842 the Theological Seminary of the Ohio Synod, at Columbus, Ohio, was brought to the attention of Synod and was endorsed ; but nothing came of it. In 1846 an effort was made to establish a seminary on the territory of Synod, which resulted in the appointment of Dr. Demme, of Philadelphia, as the theological instructor, but two years later this project was found to be impracticable. The Synod of Pennsylvania now began to look towards Gettysburg for the training of its theological students. The Eev. Dr. S. S. Schmucker, president of that Seminary, was present at the meeting of the Synod in 1848, and called the attention of Synod to the Seminary already established at 36 , MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Gettysburg, and " assured the Synod of the willingness of the directors of that institution to adopt every possible means in order to secure the friendly co-operation of their body." In the following year the oifer was accepted, and Synod agreed to contribute annually from three to four hundred dollars for the support of the German professor, "provided such a one be appointed as is satisfactory to us, and as long as he continues there." In 1856 Dr. Schaeffer, the Synod's professor in the College faculty, was authorized to give theological instruction in German in the Seminary. This state of things continued until the year 1864, when the Synod of Pennsylvania estab- lished its own Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. It is evident, from the above brief outline, that the Synod of Pennsylvania has been, with striking consistency, from the beginning of its existence, the steadfast friend of an educated and pious ministry ; and though, in some instances, by the force of circumstances, it was compelled to depart from its rule, yet this brief sketch of its educational operations and efforts pre- sents a picture pleasant to look upon, safe to imitate, and worthy of high commendation. 11. HISTORICAL. 37 HISTORY OF MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. BY THE EDITOE. Education, in the truest sense of the word, consists in the development and training of all the mental and moral powers of man, so as to make them effective for their highest uses. Thus, an individual may be very well informed in one or even in sev- eral departments of knowledge, and yet may not be well edu- cated. When education is understood to mean not mere infor- mation, or facility in one or even in several spheres, it must be evident that those subjects of study have the greatest educating power which call into action all the faculties of the mind, and inspire them to their highest and fullest exercise. This is the function of a thoroughly Christian education and of a Christian institution of higher learning ; and this is the function of that institution whose history is presented in these pages. A Christian institution of learning is a centre of great in- fluence for good in any community, the great and far-reaching results of which are more clearly felt as the years advance and the number of its students and graduates increases. Such an institution sends forth, from year to year, men trained for the various spheres of activity in the world, who, in their lives and activities, constantly reflect the results of their mental and moral training. If these are defective, the lives of individuals will show the defects; but if the training has been a well- rounded development of all the powers of the student, that, too, will be manifested in aftei"-life. That institution alone fulfils its true mission which provides for the true education of its students and sends forth men fully equipped for life's activities, as well as for life's battles. Around such an institution there gathers a history of great interest to an ever-increasing num- ber of individuals, and of incalculable importance to the world 39 40 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. at large. The history of Muhlenberg College, a Christian in- stitution of learning, furnishes interesting material to its ever- increasing number of graduates and ever- widening circle of friends. CAUSES LEADING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COLLEGE. Muhlenberg College, located in the city of Allentown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, was founded in the year 1867, in order to meet a want long felt by many of the clerical and lay mem- bers of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Eastern Pennsyl- vania, especially by those connected with the "Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States," the oldest Lutheran Synod in America. It is proper to state, in this connection, that this institution was founded with a special view to the peculiar wants of Lutherans in the eastern portion of the State of Pennsylvania, though it was not at first a Lutheran College. Already, prior to the Revolutionary War, the Eev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, Patriarch of the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania and, indeed, in America, together with his faithful and self-denying co-laborers, made strenuous efforts to establish an institution of a high grade for the higher education of the members of their widely-scattered congregations. Such an in- stitution was established in the year 1773. The project was, however, thwarted by the Eevolutionary War ; and after the trying ordeal of those times, the condition of the country and of the church was of such a nature as to prevent the final ac- complishment of their high aim during the lifetime of Muhlen- berg and his associates in the sacred office. But the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania, organized by Muhlen- berg and others in the year 1748, was never unmindful of its founder's cherished plan. When, therefore, Pennsylvania Col- lege was to be established at Gettysburg, as also in the estab- lishment of the Theological Seminary at the same place, several years prior to this event, the members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium entered heartily into the work, thinking that in this way a college centre might be gained for its large con- stituency. The course of events, however, during a quarter of HISTORICAL. 41 a century enabled the leading minds of the Ministerium to see that in this way its educational work could not be properly and successfully carried on. The remoteness of Gettysburg from the Ministerium's centre of population and wealth had from the beginning been regarded by many as a serious objec- tion to it as a suitable place of education for its membership, and in reality had the effect of greatly limiting the number of students from its territory, the proportion being one student to every two thousand communicant members. It was evident to those interested in the prosperity of the Lutheran Church and the intellectual advancement of its members, that so small an attendance of students from its territory would not develop the educational interests of the church in Eastern Pennsj'l- vania as the necessities of the church and the welfare of the community required. The number of congregations in Penn- sj'lvania was growing from year to j^ear, and loud calls con- stantly came from many congregations for more ministers to take charge of them, and to administer the means of grace to the more than fifty thousand communicant members of the Lu- theran congregations in the synodical territory, some of which had been organized for more than a century, and had been served by men trained in the best universities of Germany. It is well to remember, in this connection, that Pennsylvania was the cradle of Lutheranism in America, as it now is its strong- hold in the United States of America. The number of students, however, who went from the territory of the Ministerium to Gettysburg in order to prepare for the ministry was so small as not to fill the vacancies caused annually by the death of pastors of its congregations, to say nothing of suppljang new congregations. But this was not all. Perhaps a far more weighty cause which led to the establishment of a Lutheran institution for higher Christian education east of the Susquehanna was the peculiar state of affairs in the Lutheran Church in the United States, which had resulted in the establishment of the Theo- logical Seminary in Philadelphia, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, in 1864, and the organization of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America in 1866 4 42 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and 1867, in which the Ministerium took a leading part. The Theological Seminary was established in order to train young men for the oflace of the ministry who would be in full sym- pathy with the confessional position of the Ministerium and the General Council, and who would, in their active duties as ministers, be faithful to the doctrines and usages of the Lu- theran Church. When, in 1866, the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania was excluded from the G-eneral Synod and, in the follow- ing year, took a leading part in the organization of the General Council, the necessity was providentially forced upon it to establish a college on its own territory, if for no other reason (though not the only one) than to prepare students for its Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. To have young men prepared in other institutions in which the peculiar wants of the Lutheran Church .were wholly unknown, or at best only imperfectly understood and appreciated, and whose religious principles were foreign to those of the Lutheran Church, would have been injurious rather than helpful to the future work' and prosperity of the church. The result of all this was the establishment of Muhlenberg College; and thus, almost a century after Pastor Muhlenberg's first attempt at a similar work, the Ministerium was enabled to actualize his long-cher- ished plans of a synodical college and theological seminary. The new college was fittingly named in honor of this man, who had done so much during his long and self-sacrificing life for the proper organization of the Lutheran Church in Pennsyl- vania, and its first president bore the same honored name, being a descendant of the illustrious family of Muhlenberg. ALLBNTOWN SEMINARY AND ACADEMY. In the all-wise providence of God, it happened that there existed in the centre of the territory of the Ministerium, in this critical period of its history, an institution of a high grade, and with collegiate powers, in which Lutheran clergymen and laymen had been deeply and actively interested from the be- ginning of its existence, — indeed, had been instrumental in calling it into being, — the authorities of which were ready and anxious to turn it over wholly or partially to the Ministerium HISTORICAL. 43 of Pennsylvania. Thus it happened that Muhlenberg College became the successor, to some extent at least, of the Allentown Seminary, which was founded in 1848 by the Rev. Christian E. Kessler, of the Eeformed Church, and of the Allentown Collegi- ate Institute and Military Academy, which succeeded the Semi- nary in 1864. The founder of the Allentown Seminary was induced to come to Allentown and engage in the work of estab- lishing an institution of higher education by the Rev. Samuel K. Brobst, of the Lutheran Church, who may be said to have been the originator of the enterprise and its most zealous supporter. He was specially interested in the enterprise, since he regarded it as a means of furnishing educational facilities for the youth of the Lutheran Church in and around Allentown. The object of the Seminary was set forth in an announcement made as early as October 16, 1847, and published by Eev. Brobst in his newly-established German periodical for the young, Der Jugend Freund. This was followed by another announcement, dated March, 1848, as follows : " This institution is especially de- signed for those who desire to prepare themselves for the sphere of teacher. It is, however, easily seen that those also can attend the institution with advantage who propose study- ing either Theology, Jurisprudence, or Medicine, and wish to prepare themselves for one of the higher classes of College, and also those who are seeking important acquisitions in knowl- edge and a higher culture. This institution will offer special advantages to those who desire a thorough and practical knowl- edge of the German language. The moral culture of the pupils will receive special attention." Among the branches of study to be pursued, besides the regular branches of an institution of this kind, were to be Biblical history, Biblical antiquities, and Christian morals. It was to be an institution in which young men could be prepared for the practical duties of the office of teacher and other spheres of life, and in which young ladies could also enjoy the advantages of a higher education. It was not to be a denominational, and yet a Christian, institution, in which all branches were to be taught in Bnghsh and German. On May 1, 1848, Allentown Seminary was opened in the Liv- ingstone Mansion, under the prineipalship of the Eev. Christian 44 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. E. Kessler. But the primary object of the Seminary, though of the greatest importance, was not attained, being urged in advance of the times, and the institution as a teacher's semi- nary proved a failure. The attendance during the first term was only eleven, and only four of these had come to prepare themselves for teaching. In view of this apparent failure, the Seminary, though keeping its original aim in view, was at once changed to a classical school, and in this capacity soon began to be recognized and patronized by the people. The attendance increased to such an extent that it soon became necessary to furnish enlarged accommodations. Accordingly, during the summer of 1851, an additional building was erected. In the year 1854 the number of pupils had increased to two hundred and two, and many had to be refused admission on account of the want of accommodations. During the summer of the same year another building was erected, four stories high, and the original building was raised to three stories. At the time when the Seminary was in the height of its prosperity Eev. Kessler died, March 4, 1855. He was succeeded by the Eev. "William M. Eeynolds, D. D., of the Lutheran Church, who had charge of the institution until the year 1857. He was succeeded by the Eev. William Phillips, of the Eeformed Church, November, 1, 1857, who continued in office until March 26, 1859, when the Eev. William E. Hoflford, of the Eeformed Church, succeeded him and continued in office until the year 1864, when the in- stitution underwent some changes in its character as a classical seminary. In March of the year 1864 AUentown Seminary, as such, ceased to exist, and in its place a new institution was called into being, under a charter granted by the Legislature of Penn- sylvania, by the name of AUentown Collegiate Institute and Military Academy. Under this charter the institution possessed collegiate powers and privileges, and made its first advance- ment towards the grade of a college. The course of studies was enlarged and the institution assumed a military air, but it was still in reality a private classical school, with the Eev. M. L. Hofiford as president. The course of studies embraced four departments, — primary, preparatory, academic, and collegiate. HISTORICAL. 45 To these were added scientific and commercial courses, and a special course for those who wished to prej)are themselves for teaching, — that is, a normal course. The collegiate course em- braced a course of four years, the completion of which entitled students to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the scientific and commercial courses covered three years, the completion of which entitled students to the degree of Bachelor of Science. The only president of the institution under the new charter was the Eev. M. L. Hofford, of the Presbyterian Church, who continued in office until the year 1867, when the academy ceased to exist. During the years 1866-67 negotiations were entered into which resulted in another change in the character and aim of the institution. The Eev. M. L. Hofford resigned the presi- dency in the spring of the year 1867, but the work of the in- stitution was continued until June of the same year, when Allentown Collegiate Institute and Military Academy was closed with the usual commencement exercises, held in St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, to be opened in the fall of the same year under a new name, and with larger possi- bilities and with a more extended patronage. PRELIMINARY EFFORTS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A COLLEGE. From the beginning of the existence of the institution as Allentown Seminary to its close as Collegiate Institute many of the Lutheran clergymen and laymen in Allentown and the immediate vicinity had been its warmest friends and best pa- trons, among whom must, by pre-eminence, be mentioned the Eev. Samuel K. Brobst, who by word, pen, and act manifested his deep interest in this institution, as he did in all institutions for the higher Christian training of the masses. If he was not the founder of the Seminary in 1848, he was, at least, the in- spiring genius of the project and its plans. The same may again be said of the establishment of a college to take its place, in which he took a deep interest, and for which he zealously labored until his death. He with other members, clerical and lay, of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, felt for many years the importance and necessity of such an institution of learning. 46 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. and the Ministerium repeatedly directed attention to the insti- tution at AUentown and urged its members to take advantage of the privileges offered by it. Committees, which were charged with the duty of looking after the educational interests of the church in the institution at AUentown, were appointed by the Ministerium, and reported annually from 1860 to 1867. It is interesting to follow these reports, and we propose to present a resume oi them in this connection, in order to furnish an out- line of the development of the college-idea in the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. In the year 1860, at the meeting of the Ministerium in Phila- delphia, the president of the Ministerium, the Eev. Christian P. Welden, called the attention of its members to the impor- tance of an institution of learning on its own territory, for the purpose of training young men for the ministry and afford an opportunity to others to enjoy the advantages of a higher education. Impressed with the force of the statement, the Ministerium appointed a committee, consisting of the Eevs. C. P. "Welden, S. K. Brobst, J. T. Vogelbach, J. Ehrhart, and Messrs. P. Genth, P. Brendlinger, and C. Pretz, to consider the propriety of the establishment of a new institution of learning within the bounds of the Ministerium. From this time on there was a special interest manifested in educational matters in and by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, as may be seen by an examination of the minutes of succeeding years. At the meeting of the Ministerium in 1861, held in Philadelphia, the committee proposed the removal to AUentown of the Eev. Charles P. Schaeffer, D. D., Professor of the German Language and Literature in Pennsylvania College, and German Professor of Theology in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. But Synod was not prepared at that time to take the proposed step ; nevertheless, the committee was instructed to continue their labors and still further to develop their plans, and to report at the next annual convention of the Ministerium. At the meeting in 1862, held at AUentown, the committee presented the follow- ing recommendation, which was adopted, to wit : " That the AUentown Seminary, which is now in charge of excellent and competent teachers, and the large and commodious buildings of HISTORICAL. 47 which are the property of several members of our church, be recommended as a preparatory institution where young men who desire to prepare for the ministry can pursue their studies, and that a visiting committee of four clergymen and four lay- men be appointed, who should assist in the arrangement of the course of study for such students and watch over their progress, and also attend the examinations at the end of each session and present an annual report to Synod." At a subsequent ses- sion of the same convention a resolution was adopted to the effect, " That the committee on the new institution of learning be instructed to take into consideration the question: whether and in what manner, in connection with the AUentown Semi- nary, an institution for the education of Christian school- teachers, capable of giving instruction in both the German and English languages, can be established and report at the next meeting of Synod." In 1863, at the meeting in Eeading, the committee reported as follows : " Some of the members of the undersigned committee visited the AUentown Seminary at dif- ferent times during the past year. ... In consideration of the want, felt within the bounds of our church, and especially within the bounds of this Synod, of Christian school-teachers who are qualified to give instruction in both the English and German languages, to prepare young men for catechetical in- struction, and to conduct and improve the music of the church, we would respectfully request Synod to establish, in connection with the AUentown Seminary, a Lutheran normal department, and also to appoint two Lutheran clergymen (one English and the other German) to teach Lutheran students the doctrines of our church, and also give them such directions as may fit them to train children according to the spirit and order of the Lutheran Catechism." Although this report was accepted, action on the proposed plan was indefinitely postponed, but the committee was continued. In 1864 the Ministerium held its regular annual meeting in May, at Pottstown, and a special meeting in July, at AUentown. The action of these meetings resulted in the establishment of the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, which was opened on October 3, 1864. This was an important 48 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and far-reaching step in the educational work of the Minis- teriurn, and was the precursor of another important step, which necessity afterwards compelled the Ministerium to take, and opened the way for the long-needed College. During this year the need of an institution for the preparation of young men for the Theological Seminary became more than ever apparent. Attention was again directed to the institution at AUentown, which had, since March of that year, been carried on under the name of Collegiate Institute, with full collegiate powers. The report of the committee on the establishment of a theological seminary contained the following: "In consideration of the peculiar advantages, as regards population and means, offered by the borough of AUentown and the Collegiate Institute, already in successful operation in that place, we recommend to the cordial consideration of the Ministerium the report of the committee appointed by the Conference of German pas- tors in America, at their recent meeting in AUentown, which they are instructed to present to this Ministerium." At the special meeting of the Ministerium, the committee appointed to propose suitable arrangements for securing buildings for a college and teachers' seminary, as well as for the speedy establishment of a college, offered the following propositions : " 1. That your committee be instructed to make such ar- rangements with the proprietors of the AUentown Collegiate Institute, that the institution may not pass into other hands before an opportunity is offered to our Synod of obtaining full possession of the same. " 2. That the committee be instructed by Synod to make an appeal to the citizens of AUentown and vicinity, showing the great importance of having such an institution in their midst, and urging them to co-operate in word and deed with us in the purchase of this building, in order that the College and Teachers' Seminary may be established upon a firm basis; and, further, that the committee be directed to awaken a hearty interest in our undertaking through the public press. " 3. After a detailed explanation of the course of study, laid • before them by the principal of the Collegiate Institute (Eev. M. L. Hofford), the committee feel assured that in this insti- HISTORICAL. 49 tution our students would have the same advantages in the pi-eparatory and collegiate courses as in other institutions ; and since the assurance has also been given that their religious instruction would be left to us, therefore the committee propose that they be empowered to make such arrangements with the institution that we can speedily make use of the advantages thus afforded our students.'' The first and third of these propositions were adopted, but the second was postponed for future consideration. In addition to the action already taken, the Executive Committee of Synod was granted discretionary power " to appropriate moneys for the support of beneficiaries at whatever institution they think proper." In the year 1865, at the meeting of Synod at Easton, the committee again reported concerning their labors in connection with the Collegiate Institute, concerning their efforts to secure the buildings and grounds occupied by the institution, and also concerning their effort to ti'ansfer Pennsylvania College from Gettysburg to Allentown. With reference to the purchase of the buildings and grounds, they could report that the proprie- tors were willing to give the Ministerium of Pennsylvania the first opportunity to purchase them ; but with reference to the removal of Pennsylvania College no results had been reached. The proposition of removal was made to the authorities of Pennsylvania College by a committee sent to attend the meet- ing of the Board of Trustees; but, after careful consideration of the entire subject in all its bearings, the board felt constrained to reject the proposition of the committee of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. In the year 1866, at the meeting of the Ministerium held at Lancaster, the committee again reported concerning the pros- perous condition of the Collegiate Institute and the favorable condition of the Ministerium's students in the same ; but they also presented as their deliberate opinion the following : " The design in having an institution in our midst cannot be reached by the present arrangements with the school in Allentown. General satisfaction can only be given by placing this insti- tution under the direct supervision of Synod. Therefore, in 50 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. accordance with our instruction, we have constantly kept this end in view, and have shaped our action accordingly. "As is known, the owners of these large and beautiful build- ings in Allentown are faithful, active, and liberal members of the Lutheran Church, who heartily desire that this valuable property, so well suited to our purposes, should be secured to our Synod. On this account they have retained it for a number of years at great pecuniary sacrifices, although they had fre- quent opportunities to sell it on favorable terms. They hoped from year to year that Synod would find itself in a condition to take the necessary steps to this end. " The time for deciding this question has now come. The advantageous offers of the owners must be accepted or rejected. The committee, however, is convinced that it is easy to decide this question affirmatively, for the liberal proprietors are pre- pared to surrender the property to Synod upon very favorable terms. The committee, therefore, propose the following reso- lution : ' Besolved, That a committee of seven ministers and three laymen be appointed to secure the collegiate buildings at Allentown, now owned by Messrs. Pretz and Weinsheimer, for the use of our Synod, but in such a way as not to place the Synod under any pecuniary responsibilities.' " This report was adopted, together with the proposed resolution, and the follow- ing committee was appointed : The Eevs. S. K. Brobst, Gr. A. Hinterleitner, W. G. Mennig, C. P. Welden, "William Eath, A. T. G-eissenhainer, and P. J. P. Schantz, and Messrs. J. Reiehard, B. P. Trexler, and G. P. "Weil. This was the committee, with Eev. Brobst as chairman, which had during the previous years vigorously pushed the work of establishing a college for the Ministerium. The name of Mr. Pretz was taken off on account of his connection with the ownership of the property, and the names of Eevs. Geissenhainer and Schantz were added. The committee, as thus constituted, was charged with the important and responsible duty of securing the property, already men- tioned, for the proposed institution, which was so greatly needed in order to enable the Ministerium of Pennsylvania to do its work. They set vigorously to work to carry out the plans of the leaders of the project. HISTORICAL. 51 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MTJHLENBEEG COLLEGE. In the year 1867, at the meeting of the Ministerium at Lebanon, the committee, appointed the previous year, presented the following report, which, after careful consideration, was adopted : " The committee appointed by Synod in the year 1860, charged with the duty of secm-ing an institution of learning at Allentown for our church, has the pleasure of reporting that, with the help of God, its labors of seven years have resulted in the attainment of its chief objects in view in its appointment, — viz., to secure the continuation and ad- vancement of the school, established nineteen years ago for the promotion of Christian education, to bring this institution Tinder the supervision of our church, and to raise it to the grade of a full college. Muhlenberg College can and will soon be formally opened, with fair prospects of success. " As reported two years ago, the committee made earnest efforts to have Pennsylvania College removed from Gettysburg to Allentown, so that, by the co-operation of other Synods, the deeply-felt want of a more thorough training and higher cul- ture of our youth in this part of the church might be more satisfactorily supplied. The Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg did not consider such a transfer advi- sable under the circumstances, although it acknowledged the necessity of a Lutheran College in the eastern part of Pennsyl- vania. The committee would further state, on this occasion, that the trustees of Pennsylvania College took into earnest consideration the proposition of removal, formally made by the chairman of this committee (Eev. S. K. Brobst) in August, 1865. Although the proposition was not accepted, they advised the committee to proceed with the institution in Allentown, and assured it of their best wishes for success. "At the last annual meeting of Synod, the committee was instructed to secure the collegiate buildings in Allentown for the use of our Synod, but in such a way as not to place Synod under any pecuniary responsibility. This was no easy task. We were to obtain a valuable school property for the use of Synod, without in the least burdening Synod. After long and earnest deliberation, the committee recommended the organiza- 52 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. tion of a joint stock company, as a means to the end, and, in co-operation with a committee of the former trustees of the institution in Allentown, succeeded, about six months ago, in forming such an association, under the following established conditions : ' We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise and agree to form ourselves into a joint stock company for the purpose of purchasing the property known as the Allentown Seminary, and to take the number of shares set opposite our respective names, at one hundred dollars each, under the following conditions, viz., — (1.) The whole number of shares shall consist of three hundred, — five dollars on each share to be paid at the time of subscription ; and as soon as one hundred and twenty-five shares are subscribed, the sub- scribers shall be called to meet and organize the company, — each stockholder to be entitled to one vote for every share he owns. (2.) The property to be devoted to the purposes of education, under the supervision and direction of a board of trustees elected by the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States and the stockholders of the company. (3.) No transfer of stock to be made unless by the consent of the president and treasurer. (4.) The said Evan- gelical Lutheran Ministerium shall have at any time the right of taking the property from the said joint stock company on paying them the cost thereof. And in case the said joint stock company shall at any time desire or purpose to dispose of the said property, they shall give to the president of said Minis- terium notice thereof at least one month before the regular annual meeting of said Ministerium. And in case the said Min- isterium shall not, within five months after the said regular meeting, purchase the said property on the conditions named, then the said joint stock company shall no longer be bound by the aforesaid obligations. (5.) The balance due on each share to be paid in three instalments, to be called for at the option of the board, provided that not more than one instalment shall be called for in the same month.' " The duty of the committee ends with the organization of this joint stock company. The secretary will report all resolu- tions of the company in reference to the relation of our Synod HISTORICAL. 53 to the institution in Allentown, now called Muhlenberg College, and all that has been done since, and is yet to be done, by the new board of trustees elected by the company." By a resolution of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, an op- portunity was given to the commissioners of Muhlenberg Col- lege to present their statement. Accordingly, the Hon. Eobert E. Wright presented the following statement : "To THE Synod op Pennsylvania: " The undersigned, a committee of the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College, appointed for the purpose of communica- ting to your reverend body the progress made by it in estab- lishing the said College, and, more especially, its action with reference to your active co-operation in the work of develop- ing and sustaining it, would respectively present the following : " As is well known, for a number of years (since 1848) a classical school has been maintained at Allentown. In 1864, a charter granting full collegiate powers was^ procured, and the care of the Institute put into the hands of a board of trustees. Some time during last fall the attention of the board was called to a movement on the part of your reverend body, through a committee, to secure for your use the property then occupied by the institution. A meeting of the board was called at the instance of your committee, when the object and nature of the movement was explained, and a committee appointed to co- operate with a sub-committee of your body to accomplish the result aimed at. A stock company having been determined upon, the joint committee, composed of the Revs. Samuel K. Brobst, William Eath, and Edward J. Koons, on the part of Synod, and Messrs. Eobert E. Wright, William H. Blumer, and Boas Hausman, on the part of the trustees, addressed itself to the work of selling stock. Succeeding to the extent required by the terms of subscription, an amendment to the charter was effected upon the basis of the terms of subscription, and, under this amended charter, a meeting of the stockholders was called by the officers of the former organization, on February 2, 1867, and, under their supervision, a new board of trustees was elected, in whom rested all the rights and powers of the former 54 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. board. The new board is composed of eighteen men, twel\re of whom were elected as the representatives of the stockholders, and the remaining six provided for by the following preamble and resolutions : " ' In accordance with the provisions of Section VIII. of the charter, and in view of the influence and patronage expected from the Lutheran Church of Pennsylvania and other States, it is hereby resolved, that the " Evangelical Lutheran Ministe- rium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States" is hereby authorized to elect, from such of its number as are stockholders, six per- sons as trustees, who shall have all the privileges, and be sub- ject to the same rules of rotation, as the trustees elected by the stockholders. " ' Resolved, That, until such election by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, six of those balloted for to-day, having the highest number of votes after those regularly elected, serve provisionally, subject to Section X. of the charter.' " From this it will be seen that your reverend body is ac- corded the privilege of electing six of your number, who are stockholders, as members of the Board of Trustees, and we earn- estly hope that the proposition will meet with favor, and that, at this convention, you will elect a representation of your body. " Your committee would further briefly state that, thus far, about twenty thousand dollars of the proposed stock of thirty thousand dollars has been sold ; that the old property known as the AUentown Seminary has been purchased ; that the west wing will be altered and partially enlarged, as a residence for the president, and that an addition of about one hundred feet will be made to the central building, and numerous changes in the old building. With these changes, we feel assured, the property will afford ample facilities for collegiate purposes. All these improvements necessitate an increase of the capital stock of the company, and, to this end, an additional number of shares, to the number of two hundred, will be sold, to the ac- complishment of which we ask and need your co-operation." E. B. Wright, \ E. J. KooNs, j- Committee. J. Eeichakd, J HISTORICAL. 55 The first section of the amended charter, already mentioned, states the design and scope of the new institution, as follows : " That there be and hereby is erected and established in the city of Allentown, in the county of Lehigh, an academy, to consist of a primary school, a college, and such other appropriate departments as the patrons and managers of said institute shall find themselves able to maintain, by the name, style, and title of Muhlenberg College, under the care and direction of a number of trustees not exceeding eighteen, nine of whom shall constitute a quorum, who, and their successor in ofiiee, shall be and are hereby declared to be one body politic and corporate in deed and in law, by the name, style, and title of Muhlenberg College, and by the same name shall have perpetual succession, and shall be able to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, in all courts of law and equity, to take, hold, and purchase for the use of said College lands, goods, chattels, moneys of any kind whatever by gift, grant, conveyance, devise or bequest, from any person or persons whomsoever, capable of making the same, and the same, from time to time, to sell, convey, mortgage, or dispose of for the use of the institu- tion, and to erect such buildings as may be necessary, pro- viding the amount does not exceed one hundred thousand dollars, and generally to do all and singular the matters and things which may be lawful for them to do for the well-being of the institution, and due management and ordering of the afi'airs thereof" The new Board of Trustees having stated the result of the reorganization of the institution, in accordance with the re- quirements of the amended charter, also reported that they had unanimously elected the Eev. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D., as president of the new College, and that, at the suggestion of William H. Blumer, Esq., they had named the institution Muhlenberg College, in honor of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, the great pioneer of the Lutheran Church in America, a name honorable in Church and State. The Ministerium of Pennsylvania hereupon placed these reports and statements into the hands of a committee, who were instructed to report on the following morning. The 56 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. committee consisted of the Eevs. Charles W. Schaeffer, D. D., Charles P. Krautb, D. D., Frederick W. Geissenhainer, D.D., George P. Miller, Jacob T. Vogelbach, and Messrs. William Musser, George Wagner, and Henry Lehman. On the follow- ing day, June 19, 1867, the committee on Muhlenberg College reported as follows : " The committee appointed to inquire into the position of Muhlenberg College, and the interests of the Synod in connec- tion with it, respectfully report that two documents have been placed in their hands, one the report of a committee of this Synod on the AUentown Collegiate Institute, which was ap- pointed by this Synod last year ; the other, a letter addressed to this Synod by a committee of the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College. These papers, giving a historical account of the efforts and success of its friends in the development of the institution, have been carefully examined. After earnest and anxious deliberation upon the circumstances of the case, your committee propose the following action : " 1. That this Synod learns with profound gratification of the success that has attended the efforts which have been taken to secure Muhlenberg College for the Evangelical Lutheran Church under the patronage and partial control of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. " 2. That the election of Professor P. A. Muhlenberg as president of the College has our most cordial approbation, and that we wish him and the institution under his presidency eminent and permanent success. "3. That at our present meeting we elect six members of this body, according to the terms proposed, to represent this Ministerium in the board for three years, and we earnestly recommend that within that space of time such changes shall be sought and effected in the charter of the institution by the trustees as will ascertain and define more accurately the rela- tions of this Synod to Muhlenberg College. " 4. That we cordially recommend the institution to all who arc seeking a liberal education. " 5. That we hope that the effort of the trustees to sell an additional amount of stock, with a view of enlarging the HISTORICAL. 57 accommodations and usefulness of the institution, will be at- tended with, early and complete success." In accordance with these resolutions, the following trustees were elected to represent the Ministerium in the board of Muhlenberg College : Eevs. Joseph A. Seiss, D. D., William J. Byer, George P. Miller ; Messrs. Amos W. Potteiger, Benjamin F. Trexler, and Lewis Klump. The various documents indicating the development of the plan of a college for the Ministerium of Pennsylvania have been presented, in this connection, on account of their value to a correct understanding of the history of the new institu- tion. The last documents presented are of special importance, since they present accurate accounts of the efforts of the Min- isterium to secure a college, the establishment of Muhlenberg College by a stock company, and the approval by the Minis- terium of the labors of its committee and of the action of the corporation, chartered by the State of Pennsylvania. Among those who were most deeply interested in this enterprise, and were most anxious to secure the benefits of a higher institu- tion of learning for their young city, were many public-spirited citizens of Allentown, though not all were members of the Lutheran Church, who co-operated most earnestly and eflS- ciently with Lutheran clergymen and laymen in the effort to enlist the interest of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the establishment of a college. These efforts were repeated through a number of years before the enterprise became a success. Indeed, from the very beginning of the existence of the in- stitution as a classical seminary many of the pastors and lay members of the Lutheran Church in and around Allentown were its warmest friends and most hearty supporters, because they realized that an institution of learning on the territory of their Synod, though only a classical school, must prove of great benefit to the church in Eastern Pennsylvania, and they cherished the hope that at some time it might become the institution which the Ministerium of Pennsylvania so much needed to do the work which no other institution could do. These men took occasion, as soon as practicable, to direct the attention of their Synod to the institution at Allentown, and 6 58 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. in time secured its endorsement. After the establishment of the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, the need of a train- ing-school became still more apparent, and the efforts of the men interested became more strenuous. The next step became an imperative necessity, the narration of which is given in the account of the formation of a stock company for the pur- chase of the valuable property in AUentown and the establish- ment of a college. The original act of incorporation provided for a dual organi- zation. The corporate powers of the institution were vested in the stockholders, who were authorized to elect eighteen trustees. This Board of Trustees was charged with the general administration of affairs of the institution, the election of members of the faculty, and was self-perpetuating. The first Board of Trustees was elected by the stockholders, Feb- ruary 2, 1867, and consisted of the following stockholders : Hon. Eobert B. Wright, president ; Eev. Edward J. Koons, secretary; Jonathan Eeichard, treasurer; Eevs. Samuel K. Brobst, "William Eatb, Joshua Teager, F. J. F. Schantz, and Messrs. Charles W. Cooper, Melchior H. Horn, William Saeger, Benjamin K. Trexler, William H. Blumer, Christian Pretz, Thomas W. Saeger, Lewis Klump, Edward S. Shimer, Henry Weinsheimer, and Mayor Samuel McHose. This Board of Trustees took charge of the institution, April 4, 1867, but con- tinued the course of instruction and arrangements of the Col- legiate Institute until the close of the scholastic year in June, with the following instructors : Eev. Edward J. Koons, acting president, Eev. William E. Hofford, Eev. Samuel Phillips, Professor J. H. Brown, and Miss A. Merriam. To these the Eev. Theodore L. Seip, who had just graduated from the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, was added to assist in winding up the affairs of the institution under its old arrange- ments. When the Ministerium of Pennsylvania gained partial control of the new College, the charter was so amended as to give this body the right of electing six trustees from among its members, who were stockholders in the corporation. After the election of six trustees by the Ministerium, the board consisted of the HISTORICAL. 59 following persons : Elected by the stockholders, Eev. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D.D., president ex officio; Eev. Edward J. Koons, secretary ; Jonathan Eeichard, treasurer ; Hon. Eobert E. Wright, Eev. Samuel K. Brobst, MelchiorH. Horn, Charles W. Cooper, William Saeger, William H. Blumer, Eev. William Eath, Eev. Joshua Yeager, Christian Pretz, and Eev. P. J. P. Schantz. Elected by the Ministerium, Eevs. Joseph A. Seiss, D. D., William J. Eyer, and George F. Miller, and Messrs. Amos W. Potteiger, Lewis Klump, and Benjamin P. Trexler. As thus constituted, the institution was ready to begin its operations under enlarged facilities and with increased support. Operations were at once begun to adapt the buildings and the course of studies for the enlarged field of usefulness upon which the institution now entered. The narrative, up to this time, had to do with preliminary efforts and work, a statement of the development of the plan, and a preparation for the future work and history. THE COLLEGE BUILDINGS. As soon as the joint stock company had secured its amended charter, entitling it to establish a college with all the powers and privileges of such an institution, had elected its Board of Trustees and a president, work was begun to arrange the buildings for the larger field of operations to which they were in future to be devoted. The property of the new College con- sisted of about five acres of land in the southeastern part of the city of Allen town, on which had been erected several com- modious buildings devoted to the use of the institution. The original building, in which the Allentown Seminary was opened, and which was afterwards remodelled and became the east wing of the college-building, was a large, double, two-story stone building, known as the "Livingstone Mansion." It was surrounded by an extensive lawn on the south, a beautiful grove on the north, and by vacant grounds on the east and west sides, being bounded on the east by Fourth Street, on the north by Walnut Street, and on the south by Union Street. It was at one time the property of the Livingstones, relatives of the Aliens, the founders of the town which bears their name, and 60 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. which has grown into one of the largest, most beautiful, and most thrifty of the inland cities of Pennsylvania. Before the opening of the Seminary, the mansion, with the beautiful grounds around it, had passed into the possession of Messrs. Christian Pretz and Henry Weinsheimer, active and faithful members of the Lutheran Church, and influential citizens of the town. The property continued in the ownership of these men until the establishment of Muhlenberg College, when it was purchased by the stock company, organized for its purchase and for the management of the proposed institution. The two-story mansion served the purposes of AUentown Seminary for several years ; but in the year 1851 the number of pupils had increased to such an extent as to necessitate en- larged accommodations. Accordingly, during the summer of that year, a new building was erected, which now forms the west wing of the college buildings, and is used as the residence of the president of the College. A few years later more room was needed to accommodate the constantly increasing number of students. During the summer of 1854 the central building of four stories, occupying the space between the east and west wings, was erected, and " Livingstone Mansion" was raised to three stories. The several buildings thus united presented a front of one hundred and thirty feet, with a depth of forty feet, and furnished accommodations for one hundred boarders. On November 1, 1854, the new building was formally opened and dedicated. At the exercises in the morning, music was fur- nished by the students, prayer was offered by the Eev. Samuel K. Brobst, and addresses were delivered by the Eevs. J. S. Dubbs and Eichard Walker. At the exercises in the evening, prayer was offered by the Eev. Beale M. Schmucker, and ad- dresses were delivered by the Eev. Professor Theodore Apple and the Eev. Professor Frederick A. Muhlenberg. After the property had passed into the hands of the stock- holders of Muhlenberg College, in the year 1867, and the new institution was to be opened, it was found necessary to alter the extensive buildings, in order to adapt them to the new arrangements and to erect an additional building. Arrange- ments were accordingly made for the erection of an addition "^ FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG. HISTORICAL. 61 to the rear of the central building,, one hundred feet long and five stories high. Work was immediately begun on the new- building, and on September 4, 1867, the corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The service on that interesting occasion was begun in St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, where prayer was offered by the Eev. Professor John P. Wilken, of Gettysburg, and addresses were delivered by the Eev. D. Gans, D. D., taking for his theme, " A College Corner- Stone," and the Eev. Jacob T. Vogelbach, in German, taking for his theme, "Bin Wort fuer gruendliche Schulbildung." After the conclusion of the service in the church, the assembly moved in a procession to the college-grounds, when the corner- stone of the new building was laid by the newly-elected presi- dent,, the Eev. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, in the name of the Triune God, prayer was offered by the Eev. Ernest A. Bauer, and the benediction was pronounced by the Eev. Joshua Yeager. The building was completed during the following year, and when completed the entire structure presented a front of one hundred and thirty feet, the central building having a front of fifty feet. The central building has four stories in front and five in the rear, and extends to a depth of one hun- dred and forty feet. The various parts, erected at different times, are thus united and constitute one building, provided with rooms for the accommodation of students, with a chapel, library, recitation- and reading-rooms, and the entire building is now heated by steam. The accommodations for the students are good, each room being intended for two students, and hav- ing separate alcoves for single beds. One of the necessities of Muhlenberg College now is more room for the accommodation of its students. PRESIDENOT OF FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG, D. D. As has already been briefly stated, one of the first actions of the new Board of Trustees was the unanimous election of the Eev. Professor Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D., of Gettysburg, Pa., to the presidency of the new College. After having at first declined the position, he finally accepted it, to the great gratification of the friends of the new enterprise. His accept- 62 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. ance of this responsible position gave prominence and char- acter to the institution from the very beginning. " His ripe and accurate scholarship, his long and successful experience in teaching for twelve years in Franklin College, at Lancaster, Pa., and seventeen years in Pennsylvania College, at Gettys- burg, Pa., his eminent personal character, exhibiting the various noble qualities of an honorable Christian gentleman, his kind but firm disposition, and the fact that he was a worthy son of noble sires, with a name distinguished in the history of our country and church, marked him out as the man for the place, capable not only of occupying, but also of dignifying, the position." At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held May 21, 1867, the new institution was given the name by which it is now known, in honor of the great-grandfather of the newly- elected president of the College. It is proper to state, in this connection, that the well-known modesty of President Muhlen- berg led him to express his deep regret that the College had received the name of his family ; but in the estimation of others, who know Dr. Muhlenberg and the honored name of his ancestor, as vrell as his great and far-reaching labors, there never has been any cause of regret as to the selection of the name or the location of the College. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLEGE. All the necessary arrangements had been made for the open- ing of the institution. Public announcement was made that Muhlenberg College, with its four departments, — collegiate, academic, preparatory, and primary, — would be opened on Sep- tember 1, 1867, and that the ceremonies of the inauguration of the president and other members of the faculty would take place on the third day of the same month. The Board of Trustees, in the mean time, had elected the following individuals as the first faculty of the new College : Eev. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D., President and Professor of Greek, Mental and Moral Sciences, and Evidence of Chris- tianity. Eev. Edward J. Koons, A. M., Vice-President and Professor of Mathematics, Astronomy, and Physics. HISTORICAL. 63 Eev. "William E. Hofford, A. M., Professor of Latin. Eev. Samuel Phillips, A. M., Professor of Ehetoric, Logic, English Literature, and Political Economy. Eev. Joseph P. Pahs, A. M., Professor of History. Eev. Hans N. Eiis, Professor of German. Theodore C. Yeager, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Physi- ologj^, and Botany. Eev. Theodore L. Seip, A. M., Principal of the Academic De- partment and Assistant Professor of Greek. The first meeting of the faculty, preliminary to the opening of the College, was held on the thirtieth of August. President Muhlenberg occupied the chair, and the Eev. Theo. L. Seip was elected secretary. The president stated that, in order to give the college classes the required number of recitations, several changes had been necessitated in the assignment of the duties of the professors, and that Professor Seip had been asked to do double duty, both as the principal of the Academic Department and assistant Professor of Greek in the Collegiate Department. An adjourned meeting of the faculty was held on Monday, September 2, at which a schedule of hours for recitations was adopted, and arrangements were completed for the beginning of recitations after the ceremonies of the inauguration of the president and the other members of the faculty. INAUGURATION OF THE FIRST FACULTY. The inauguration of the president and other members of the faculty took place on Tuesday evening, September 3, 1867. On that evening, the Board of Trustees, the faculty-elect, visiting clergymen, the mayor and Councils of the city, students, in- vited guests and citizens formed in procession at St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, and, headed by the Allentown Cornet Band, proceeded to the court-house, where the following exercises took place. Music was furnished by the cornet band, performing, by special arrangement, " Old Hundred" and " Ein Peste Burg." Prayer was offered by the Eev. J. W. Wood. The Hon. EobertE. Wright, the retiring president of the Board of Trustees, delivered the charge to the faculty, addressing each member of the faculty personally, and graphically out- 64 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. lining each man's work, concluding his charge with these words : " For you, learned, reverend, and honored sir (meaning President Muhlenberg), who, by the unanimous voice of all connected with this institution, have been called to preside over it ; worthy inheritor of a name which is connected with the brightest history of the American Church and the purest era of the American Eepublic, and with which we have dignified our enterprise ; for you, sir, we have no word of caution, counsel, or advice. We do not counsel the sun to shine upon the earth, that it may warm it into life or brighten it into beauty, nor do we ask the clouds to water it with their cool, refreshing showers. For this they were created, and when they cease from this they will cease to exist. Without caution, counsel, or advice from any one, but from an innate sense of right, you, sir, will shine and shower your best and brightest gifts upon this insti- tution. From the vast storehouse of your past experience, your mental powers brightened by use, and guided by a heart that has beat so long for others' good, will furnish that on which the growing minds and souls committed to your care should feed. We know there are thorns in your way, we know there are lions in your path, but the power that has hitherto swept them aside will stand by you now in this crowning effort of your useful life. And now, by virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby declare Muhlenberg College formally inaugu- rated, and opened for the reception of students, and its faculty duly inducted into office, to be regarded and respected accord- ingly. And may He, whose Almighty power controls and pre- serves the countless systems of suns and worlds which burn and flash with inextinguishable fire as they sweep along in their endless orbits, and whose protecting love covers the feeblest insect that sings away its lone ephemeral life on the smallest leaflet of the tiniest plant that grows upon the humblest planet in the universe, look down with favor on this work of ours and take it into His holy keeping." This was followed by the inaugural address of President- elect Muhlenberg, which was afterwards published with other addresses delivered on the same occasion, and from which we propose to give some extracts. HISTORICAL. 65 In his inaugural address, President Muhlenberg presented the reasons for the establishment of a new college, and outhned its policy and aim. To the question as to the necessity of another college in Pennsylvania, he said : " We may reply to these and similar questions, that none of those already in existence, either in our neighborhood or in our State, are adapted to meet the peculiar wants of the population and church to which we belong. Some of them are designed for other communions, and their theology and literary stand-point is not such as to commend them to the patronage of our church. We are of German ancestry, and Lutheran in our belief and practice, and neither of those in our neighborhood is calculated to train our children in the faith of our forefathers. . . . We are therefore compelled to organize a college for ourselves, to make proper provision for the education of our children, and to furnish a suflScient number of students for our Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, and adequate to the growing demands of our church in Pennsylvania and elsewhere. " Whilst we thus feel that we are driven to this course, we are also disposed to think that there is a loud call for action in this direction by the very circumstances of our position. Our population is large, and rapidly becoming anglicized, and the distance to Gettysburg, the seat of Pennsylvania College, from the centre of our population, as well as its difficulty of access, have been felt by many of us to be serious objections to it as a place of education for our students. We had doubts of its ap- propriateness from the very beginning, but our necessities urged us to assent to the arrangement, with the hope of its ultimate removal. That these considerations had much to sustain them, we can readily believe, from the present condition of things in Pennsylvania College. Though the institution had a larger number on its catalogue this year than it ever had, there are but twenty-five students receiving instruction there from our territory; and during the previous stages of its history the number has been still less. It is scarcely necessary for me to remind you how inadequate a representation this is for our great Synod of fifty thousand communicants. It allows us but one college student for every two thousand communicants. 66 MUBLENBERG COLLEGE. Such a small attendance of our young men will never develop our church in Eastern Pennsylvania, as the necessities of the case require. This state of things, as well as the ecclesiastical relations of our Synod, imperatively calls upon us, therefore, to go forward with our enterprise with the greatest energy and zeal. " But other objections must be met. Pennsylvania has already too many colleges. The effect of increasing their number will be to diminish their quality. This objection loses its force if, as has already been suggested, those in existence fail to develop the resources of the part of the State and the church to which we belong. The circumstances of our people are also entirely dif- ferent now from what they were even a few years ago. Insti- tutions of the lower grade have been greatly multiplied, the public schools are increasing in efficiency, and the desire for education has been awakened to a much larger extent than was formerly the case ; so that it is not just to base an argu- ment for the present or future upon the state of things in the past. Besides, it is not always the so-called great colleges and great universities which bring out the talent and resources of the people. "Whilst we too are, in general, no advocates for the undue increase of colleges and higher seminaries of learning, we feel satisfied that the location of good, though less imposing colleges, in populous neighborhoods will have a very favorable influence in securing, both for the Church and State, talents which otherwise woTild be lost. The majority of parents are not in a condition to send their children abroad to secure an education, and hence, if facilities for this purpose are afforded them in their own immediate neighborhood, many a young man of the most brilliant talents is thus induced to avail him- self of the opportunities afforded, and many a parent in the humbler walks of life enabled to give his children an education which will be more valuable to them than gold, and fit them to stand unabashed in the presence of kings. . . . We doubt not that hundreds and thousands are aiding in the improvements of society as clergymen, teachers, lawyers, and physicians, who otherwise would have passed their lives in the most profound obscurity." HISTORICAL. 67 Having stated the causes for the establishment of the new college, he outlined the aim of the institution as follows : " Whilst the questions already answered are of grave impor- tance, and could not be overlooked on an occasion like the present, the principles, educational and religious, upon which the institution is to be conducted are of still greater magnitude. The course of studies is the first in order. A general reply can be given in a few words. It is our intention to follow in the beaten track which the wisdom of ages and the experience of the most accomplished educators in every stage of human so- ciety and progress, and under every form of religious organi- zation, has found the best to bring out the powers of the human mind. An inspired writer has declared that ' in a multitude of counsellors is wisdom,' and on this question there is a una- nimity of all the wisest and best. It is an easy matter to set up our individual judgment against the settled and sober con- clusion of ages, but all the probabilities will be in favor of its being an airy phantasm, some ' baseless fabric of a vision,' which a breath could make and a breath destroy. A self-con- fident and daring adventurer may, like Phaeton of old, snatch the reins out of the hands of the aged and experienced guide of the chariot of the sun, but desolation would soon mark his pathway. We hold, with the eminent men who have pre- ceded us, and in harmony with the views and practices of the foremost educators of our days, that there are no studies so well fitted to be the basis of a proper culture as the ancient languages and mathematics, not in equal proportion, but with a large preponderance of attention to the former; and to these there may and ought to be superadded, to give a proper finish to the whole, modern languages, natural and physical science, history and polite literature. The ancient classics and mathe- matics constitute the grand staple in all the curricula of studies in the institutions of the Old and New Worlds, — in Oxford and Cambridge, in Berlin and Gottingen, in Athens and Edinburg, in Harvard and Yale. There is nothing calculated to supply their places. "Besides the general argument upon this subject already presented, it may be safely asserted that the study of the clas- 68 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. sical languages of antiquity (for the modern languages are regarded by most judges inferior to the ancient for the pur- poses of intellectual culture) is well adapted to the capacity of the young and that ready memory for words which the Creator, for wise reasons, has given them. It would be idle to give them such abstract studies, for which they are not fitted ; the labor would be lost and the pupil disgusted. The powers of the mind must be prepared by the lighter and more attractive studies for the severer, and such must be selected which will awaken their interest by giving them also something to stimu- late thought. The higher powers of mind in the individual are just as gradual in their development as in the case of nations. The ages of perception, memory, imagination, therefore, of poetry and history, have always preceded those of reason, criticism, and philosophy ; and thus the particular and the gen- eral features of the subject illuminate and confirm each other. Homer preceded Plato in the order of time, as Chaucer and Spencer did Newton ; and so, in the individual, we ought to begin with the department of language, and by its constant use prepare the way for those ' severer studies' of the mathematical and more abstract courses, which Dr. Wayland has justly pro- nounced ' better for proper culture than general reading.' " If we examine the human mind, we will find that the course above commended to our attention by experience and the peculiar capacity of the young will also be the one to develop, harmoniously, all its powers. It is exactly here that the eclec- tic and utilitarian schemes of education fail. They select one, or at most two, special branches of a similar kind, and thus cultivate unduly one or a few of the powers of the mind, and necessarily do violence to the individual by allowing many of his faculties to lie altogether neglected. A general culture must always have the precedence over a special one, for it takes a comprehensive view of all the faculties of the mind and the powers of the soul, and endeavors to bring them all out by a suitable development. " It is quite beyond the reach of our powers to know in ad- vance what will be the future occupation of the individual we are educating, and hence we may do him great injustice by HISTORICAL. 69 withholding from him the very class of studies for which he will have the greatest need. Even if we had a prophet to tell us the future employment of every individual, we are disposed to assert that we would be more likely to hit the mark by giving a general culture to all than a special education to each. There are powers which every man possesses which ought to be cultivated without any special regard to his future avoca- tion of life. Bach man has his perceptive, his reflective, his aesthetic faculties and powers; and these should all be educated. The study of the ancient languages in conjunction with the modern, in a suitable proportion, is well adapted to strengthen the memory, to cultivate the imagination, to improve the taste; and the study of mathematics in connection with them gives strength to the reason and stability to the intellectual char- acter. These two classes of studies, when properly attended to, in conjunction, are eminently adapted to cultivate the power of acquisition and thought, and, what is also of equal impor- tance, the power of expression. Even for practical purposes such a general culture is superior to a special one. A man is thus better qualified to shine, or be useful in any pursuit. The most eminent philologists have told us that the best method of obtaining an accurate and speedy knowledge of the modern languages of Europe is to lay a broad and deep foundation in Greek and Latin. " Enough has been said to justify the trustees and faculty of this College in laying down such a course of studies as has been presented in their annual catalogue, making those lan- guages and authors the basis which have fed the streams of the purest and highest literary culture, and have been the instructors of mankind for nearly three thousand years, and could not be banished from our schools without lasting injury to society. It will be the earnest effort, of those engaged in giving instruction to secure the soundest scholarship, by de- voting the time of the students in the proportion of their rela- tive value to those branches laid down in our register, aiming, also, to give special and increasing attention to English litera- ture and the German language, for the acquisition of which, in this place, with its preaching in that language, and its well- 70 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. conducted German papers, there will be peculiar advantages, which form the curriculum of study in the best colleges of modern times, the number of hours to be devoted to each being left for subsequent determination by those to whom this belongs. " But we do not regard this as the highest object for which the College has been organized. While the intellectual training of an individual is of great importance, it is not equal in mag- nitude to the religious education. "We do not regard an educa- tion as complete that aims only at improving the intellect. Our holy religion teaches us a different lesson. It teaches us that no education is complete unless it prepares a man to dis- charge all his duties properly in this world, and qualifies him for the rewards and employments of eternity. This kind of education contemplates the education of his conscience and the cultivation of his heart. The only proper education, and the one which it will be our aim to secure, the only one which we value, is a Christian education. We desire our students to be as emi- nent for Christian attainments as for their sound scholarship. This was the design of the colleges which were planted on our shores by that noble band of men who fled from religious perse- cution in the old world to secure the freedom to worship God in the new. Their motto was, ' Christo et ecclesiae,' for Christ and his church . At an earlier period than this, in our fatherland, the great and good men who were raised up by God to carry for- ward the blessed Eeformation — the Elector of Saxony, Luther, and Melanchthon — established the University of Wittenberg, and multitudes of young men flocked to this institution from all the countries of Europe, and, instructed in classical learning and the principles of our holy religion, subsequently went forth and spread with amazing rapidity the truth through the coun- tries of their birth. This same institution, then very unpre- tending in character, was more and more frequented, improved continually in reputation and influence, and eternity alone will disclose the good it has already done through the three and a half centuries of its first existence, and what it will do in future among the nations of the earth. In the same spirit do we found our young institution, that it may go forward in the HISTORICAL. 71 same career of usefulness and fame. We desire most earnestly so to instruct tlie students who shall enter these walls, both by precept and example, in the principles of the religion of Christ, that they may adorn by their piety the cause of their Lord and Master, secure for themselves the blessings of multi- tudes yet unborn, and the eternal rewards of heaven. " But, as the tendency of colleges is now to be denomina- tional in their character, we are also obliged, in self-defence, as well as from a conviction of the propriety of the course, to foster a genuine and proper church love, as well as to keep our youth within our own pale, to give prominence in our religious instruction to the matchless Confessions of our church, ex- planatory of the great truths of Christianity, prepared by the noble confessors during that remarkable period which has been appropriately called by eminent authority 'the theological centuries.' God poured out upon his servants a large share of his spirit, and the constant study of the Scriptures in the original languages in which they were written, under his guidance, gave birth to such religious documents, which have commanded the approbation of the best judges, for the pro- found acquaintance of the authors of them with the Word of God, and the clear elucidation of the cardinal principles of our holy religion, especially the essential doctrine of justification by faith. We do not intend to place these venerable writings above the Scriptures, yet we are not ashamed to acknowledge our attachment to them, and cannot avoid smiling at the pre- sumption of those who think themselves competent to improve them. We rejoice that in this glorious part of our native State, under the auspices of our Synod and the Board of Trustees of this College, we will be permitted, without let or hinderance, to make our students acquainted with the faith and practices of our forefathers, and thus aid in the diffusion of that pure gospel truth which the German Reformers exhumed from the ' rubbish of ages.' The study of these writings, in their appropriate place, we are satisfied will aid in the religious and intellectual development of both instructor and student, and doubtless both will rejoice that they are permitted to live in a locality where it is not an odious thing to be a good and consistent Lutheran. 72 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. " But shall we succeed ? It is true, success in the ordiDary meaning of that term, is no proof of the excellence of a cause ; yet the prospect of it cheers the despondent and animates all to the patient endurance of the hardships of the conflict. DifSculties we will have, we know it, for we have not rushed into the enterprise without having counted the cost. It is not an ordinary work we have in hand, it is one which will need continuous and united effort to bring it to a satisfactory com- pletion; yet the view of the difficulties and labor does not deter us. We have motives to impel, arguments to strengthen, and friends upon whom we can confidently rely. We do not begin in our own name. We begin now, as the beloved and well-disciplined Christian founder of this school began, in the name of Him to whom all things are subject, and in whose hands are the resources of the universe. The work has been undertaken on both occasions in faith and prayer, and many earnest supplications in behalf of this institution have been recorded in heaven, which have already blessed it in the past, and which will continue to bless it in the future. The Chris- tian does not reason as the man of the world. The latter begins with human resources, the former begins with God ; the one builds upon sight, the other upon faith. " But, besides this, we are engaged in a noble cause ; it is not one originating in any selfish or worldly interest, but one most closely connected with the temporal, intellectual, moral, and eternal interests of our fellow-men. If ' he is doubly armed who has his quarrel just,' why should not we triumph over all our enemies, and rejoice in victory ? Great ideas make great men. Thus the greatness and excellence of our cause will enkindle all our ardor, cheer us when despondent, support us under difficulties, and make even the severest labor sweet. " What an area likewise for our efforts ! What a splendid field for a college to occupy, to improve, to elevate ! Here, east of the Susquehanna alone, is a region ample and wealthy enough to furnish all the money to endow, and populous enough to fill the institution with students to overflowing. We stand in the very centre of our power in Pennsylvania as Lutherans. In connection with the Synod 6f Pennsylvania HISTORICAL. 73 alone are found about fifty thousand communicants, as before stated, and along with them hundreds of laborious and influen- tial pastors, and an intelligent Lutheran population. In this immediate neighborhood we have an active Board of Trustees, with energy acquired by previous success in other enterprises in which they have been engaged, and we may confidently rely on considerable local patronage from the German Eeformed and others who are interested with ourselves in the education of the German and other people resident in this part of our highly-favored State. The Synod of Pennsylvania, as a body, has promised us its hearty co-operation, and has made arrange- ments to raise a fund of money during this jubilee year to place this College, which is of such vital importance to itself, upon a permanent basis. The success attendant thus far upon our united efforts, beyond our first expectations, as well as the necessity for exertion, are all bright harbingers of success. If Pennsylvania College, at first so far removed from the heart of the Lutheran population, and in the midst of a Presbyterian community, under very unfavorable circumstances, was able to overcome all obstacles, and to give up to this time four hun- dred educated men to our country and upwards of two hundred ministers to the church, why should not we, when we have so much more to encourage and less to oppose ? " Such a work have we, my Christian friends of all classes, and such inducements to urge us forward, and to insure success. The Germans and their descendants in this land have not re- ceived the honor they deserved, nor exerted the influence due to their character and numbers. They were among the earliest settlers of this great State, they aided in its legislation, their blood enriched its soil, and their public and private virtues have been frequently recognized by our governors and legisla- tures ; yet their power for good has not been felt, as it should have been, mainly, we think, because they did not educate their children here, as their forefathers did in the land of their birth. This part of Pennsylvania, in its splendid agricultural cultiva- tion, speaks loudly in behalf of German industry and German thrift ; but to secure the influence and respect we deserve from others, this material culture and wealth is not enough. "We 6 74 MVELENBERG COLLEGE. must cultivate the minds and hearts of our children with the same zeal and perseverance with which we have improved our farms, and then we will secure for them and ourselves higher fame, larger influence, and greater happiness. We have this day made a renewed beginning in this great work ; let not the sneers of those opposed to us chill the warmth of our feeling ; let us under the influence of the truths we have been consider- ing, with united hearts and hands, give ourselves, our money as it may be necessary, our children, our labors, our prayers, to the noble cause of religion and education, until this part of our State, in this higher culture, shall be as attractive to the eye of the beholder as its rich and fertile valleys, and as enduring as the everlasting hills by which we are now surrounded." These extracts from the Inaugural Address of President Muhlenberg have been presented to show the character, spirit, and aim of the new College, all of which are necessary to a correct understanding of the history and work of the institu- tion. THE OPENING OF THE COLLEGE. On the morning after the exercises of the inauguration of the president and other members of the faculty, that is, Sep- tember 4, 1867, recitations were begun in the several depart- ments, with arrangements for a full number of hours for all the College classes. A number of students from Pennsylvania College had followed Dr. Muhlenberg to his new field of labor, and, with others who presented themselves, applied for admis- sion in the new institution, so that the faculty could start with the four classes, as follows : four seniors, two juniors, six sophomores, thirteen freshmen, a total of twenty-five. The academic department had one hundred and thirty-six pupils during the year, making a total for both departments, during the first year, of one hundred and sixty-one. In order to show the high standard of Muhlenberg College from the beginning, as well as to afford an opportunity for com- parison with the present standard, the original " Course of In- struction" is here given, as first adopted and published in the first catalogue. The whole course of instruction occupies four years. The HISTORICAL. 75 classes attend three or more recitations or lectures a day, except on Wednesday, when they usually have but two. Presliinan Class. Greek. — Xenophon's Anabasis or Memorabilia, Cyropsedia, Prose Composition (Arnold's), G-rammar (Sophocles). Latin. — Cicero's Orations, Livy, Odes of Horace, Prose Com- position (Arnold's), Grammar (Bullion's), Classical Antiquities. German. — Grammar (Bichhorn's), Eeader. English. — Ehetoric (Coppee's), Universal History (Weber's), English Literature. Composition and Declamations through- out the year. Mathematics. — Algebra (Eobinson's University), Geometry (Eobinson's). Sophomore Class. Greek. — Felton's Greek Historians, Plato's Apology and Crito, Prose Composition (Arnold's), Classical Literature (Brown's). Latin. — Horace, Cicero de Officiis, Cicero de Senectute and de Amicitia, or the Tusculan Disputations, Prose Composition (Arnold's). German. — Grammar (Bichhorn's), Eeader. Mathematics. — Solid and Spherical Geometry, Conic Sections, Analytical, Plane, and Spherical Trigonometry, Mensuration, Surveying (all Eobinson's), Physics. Junior Class. Greek. — The Iliad or Odyssey of Homer, Prometheus or Agamemnon of ^schylus, or Alcestis of Euripides. Latin. — The Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica of Horace, Cicero de Oratore or Cicero de Natura Deorum, Prose Compo- sition. German. — Grammar (Heyse's), Selections from Schiller and translations from English authors. English. — Chemistry (with Experiments), Mineralogy (Dana's), Botany (Gray's), Lectures on Meteorology, Ele- ments of Criticism (Kames'), Mental Philosophy (Haven's), 76 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Logic (Coppee's), Physiology, Composition and Declamation, Forensic Disputations, Natural Theology (Paley's). Mathematics. — Analytical Geometry and Calculus (Eobin- son's). Physics. Senior Class. Greek. — Phsedo of Plato, Demosthenes or Machines on the Crown, the Antigone or Ajax of Sophocles, Composition. I/atin. — Tacitus' Histories, or the Agrieola and Germania, Juvenal's Satires, Plautus or Terence, Composition. German. — Compositions, Selections from Schiller and Goethe, or other authors, German Translations and Conversational Ex- ercises. English. — Geology, Political Economy, Butler's Analogy, Moral Philosophy, Evidences of Christianity (Paley's), For- ensic Disputations. Mathematics. — Astronomy and Keith on the Globes. TRIALS AND DIFFICULTIES. Dr. Muhlenberg entered upon the discharge of his duties ■with zeal and earnestness, and faithfully and successfully ad- ministered the affairs of the College until the end of the year 1876. The institution started out with bright prospects of suc- cess. The number of students was as large as could be expected in a community surrounded, as it was, by other institutions of learning. Both in the administration of the internal affairs, such as the course of studies and discipline, and in the manage- ment of the external affairs, that is, the financial affairs, the college seemed to have a bright future before it. True, the finances of the new College were not in as satisfactory condition as could have been desired, the annual income being insufficient to meet the increasing wants of the institution. The purchase of the property and the erection of additions to the build- ings caused a large debt, which rested heavily on the insti- tution. In a word, the institution lacked the necessary finan- cial support, which it ought to have had, in order to enable the friends of the enterprise to realize their ideal. This was one of the difficulties of which Dr. Muhlenberg spoke in his inaugural. HISTORICAL. 77 From the beginning of the existence of the College Dr. Muh- lenberg and his associates made many self-denials in order to make the enterprise a success, and strained every nerve in order to improve the financial condition of the institution. President Muhlenberg presented the cause of the College to the pastors and congregations of the Ministerium. And as the Ministerium of Pennsylvania was represented in the Board of Trustees, reports were, from year to year, presented to this body, and it is from these annual reports that we can ascertain the condition of things from time to time. In the year 1868 the College is reported as making commendable progress, and giving promise of becoming one of the best and most success- ful in the State. The prospects were regarded as especially bright, because of the fact that the institution was looked upon as a necessity to the ultimate success of the Theological Semi- nary, and commanded the liberal support of the entire Minis- terium. The only di-awback was the lack of funds for the current expenses and the endowment of the institution. By the strenuous efforts of the president and others four thousand dollars had been received during the first year for the endow- ment of the College. But in order that the enterprise might succeed, more was necessary. Already, in the year 1869, the trustees make several propositions to the Ministerium : 1, The Ministerium! to support all the professors in the collegiate de- partment and then be entitled to one-half the number of trustees ; or 2, The Ministerium to support two professors and transfer the German professorship from Pennsylvania College to Muhlenberg College and have one-third of the number of trustees ; or 3, Suggest some other plan in order to enable the institution to carry on its work until the endowment was suf- ficient to meet the annual expenses. Neither of these proposi- tions was accepted by the Ministerium, but a resolution was passed to the effect that Muhlenberg College should be placed on the beneficiary list of the Ministerium, and was to be recom- mended to the congregations as an important object of benevo- lence. The sum of six thousand dollars was to be raised during the year for the College. At the same time a resolution was passed urging more attention to be given to instruction in the 78 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. German language. The endowment fund had been increased to nine thousand dollars. During the year 1869 an amendment to the charter was secured, increasing the number of trustees to forty-eight, one- third of whom were to be elected by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania. During the following year the endowment fund reached ten thousand dollars. An agent was appointed (Eev. D. M. Henkel) to secure additional endowment, but in 1871 he already resigned his position. At the same time the failure in securing suflScient endowment and other funds necessary to carry on the work of the institution properly was reported to the Ministerium, as evidence of the fact that the members of that body were not taking the active interest they should, in order to make the en- terprise a success. While the College was getting along well in the number of students and their progress, it lacked the financial support of the body which had helped to call it into being. The total endowment had now reached twelve thousand dollars ; but that was far from what the College had a right to expect. Belief was asked for, but Synod passed a resolution that it was not prepared to pledge itself for any fixed sum for the relief of the College. It, however, instructed its Executive Committee to pay to the treasurer of the College the sum of six thousand dollars from its systematic beneficence fund, but the records of Synod do not show that the full amount was ever received. In 1872 the endowment fund had reached sev- enteen thousand dollars, but the financial difficulties of the College remained unchanged. The ministers and congregations of the Ministerium were again urged, by a resolution, to come to the aid of the College and relieve it of its financial burden. The friends of the College were unremitting in their toil, and during the year 1873 succeeded in increasing the endow- ment to a little more than forty-two thousand dollars, of which twenty-three thousand four hundred and twenty-seven dollars belonged to the Lehigh County Professorship, endowed during the year. Though this was considerable of a relief to the Col- lege, yet its financial burdens increased until many of the best friends of the College despaired of its ability to survive. The HISTORICAL. 79 financial panic of 1873 and the consequent stagnation of busi- ness in the great iron industries of the Lehigh Yalley, and of business in general throughout the country, helped raaterially and seriously to impair the prospects of the College, both in its income and the reduction in the number of students. The early expectations of its founders in the matter of securing endowment had not as yet been realized, though a large part of the endowment fund and several thousand dollars for cur- rent expenses had been secured through the personal efforts of the president, whose numerous duties and faithful labors in the institution were more than enough to occupy his time. But the amounts secured were insuflScient to pay the accumulating interest and the current expenses. When, therefore, the financial crash of 1873 came, the young institution found itself ill pre- pared to withstand the financial stress of the times, and it be- came absolutely necessary to secure funds for its relief or go into liquidation. Neither horn of the dilemma was agreeable to contemplate. In this strait the trustees of the College pro- posed to transfer the ownership of the institution and all its valuable property to the Ministerium, but that body was not in a condition at the time to accept the proposition. Some other methods must be employed to prevent the utter failure of the enterprise. The refusal of the Ministerium to accept the proposition of the transfer of the institution, at the time it was made, is not to be regarded as a sign that that body had no confidence in Muhlenberg College, or was not interested in its final success, but as an honest doubt as to its ability at the time to assume the heavy responsibility of freeing the institu- tion from its heavy burdens and placing it in a more prosperous position. To show, however, that the Ministerium had confi- dence in the institution and its able and self-sacrificing faculty, it is to be noted that the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, assem- bled in special session at AUentown, June 23^, 1874, did assume the entire management of Muhlenberg College ; and the Board of Trustees was authorized to employ an agent or agents to secure funds for the payment of its debt and to increase its endowment fund. The following is the record of the action of the Ministerium : 80 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. " Whereas, the property deeded and belonging to the corpo- ration known by the name, style, and title of ' Muhlenberg College,' according to the terms of the original subscriptions of stock, ' shall be devoted to the purpose of education, under the supervision and direction of the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States, and the Board of Trustees elected by the stockholders of the company;' and v^hereas, according to the sections of the charter, Muhlen- berg College is solely under the 'care and direction of the Board of Trustees,' two-thirds of whom are annually elected by the stockholders and only one-third by the Ministerium, in which Board of Trustees and their successors in office all the rights, duties, powers, authority, and privileges of the corpo- ration rest; and whereas, Muhlenberg College has from the beginning of its existence calculated upon the unanimous and hearty support of the Ministerium, which support, however, it cannot obtain unless the institution is placed under the imme- diate and absolute care, direction, control and patronage of the same forever ; therefore " Resolved, That we now request the stockholders to instruct the trustees elected by them at their next annual meeting to unite with those trustees who represent this Ministerium in the board to obtain an amendment to the charter which shall contain the following : 1. The secular concerns and material in- terests of Muhlenberg College shall be and remain as hereto- fore under the management and control of the Board of Trustees, which shall be one body politic and corporate in deed and in law. 2. The direct government, supervision, and internal arrangements of the institution shall also be vested in the Board of Trustees and the faculty, the former being charged with the general supervision, supreme control, and power to direct ; the latter more especially with the instruction and dis- cipline, and the execution of what the board resolves for the best interests of the institution. 3. The body represented in the Board of Trustees shall be the Evangelical Lutheran Minis- terium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States. 4. The board shall consist of thirty members, all of whom shall be elected by the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania at its HISTORICAL. 81 annual meeting. 5. The Board of Trustees shall have power to accept any and all shares of stock from any person or persons offering the same, which, when received, will be the property of the corporation. " Resolved, That when these fundamental principles and con- ditions are incorporated in the charter of Muhlenberg College, the Ministerium will give it its moral and material support, and maintain the same as a literary institution at Allentown." After the adoption of the foregoing preambles and resolutions, the following resolutions, offered by Eev. Beale M. Schmucker, D. D., were'also adopted: "1. That the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College be authorized and desired to employ agen- cies to secure contributions to the removal of the debt and in- crease of the endowment of Muhlenberg College. 2. That the agencies employed by Muhlenberg College be hereby heartily commended to the congregations of the Ministerium. 3. That the moneys so raised be employed and invested in such manner as to secure them permanently and absolutely to the Minis- terium, and that the manner in which this shall be done shall be left to the decision of the officers of the Ministerium in con- junction with the Board of Trustees. 4. That the Board of Trustees and stockholders be informed that more than two- thirds of the members present at the adjourned meeting of the Ministerium have approved of all parts of the above action, and that the recommendation of agencies to secure moneys and determine the mode of their use received the approval of nearly all. 5. That the Second District Conference be empowered and instructed to make provision for the floating debt, and that the president of that Conference be instructed to call a meeting of Conference for the purpose. 6. That in accepting the stock which may be presented by the owners, the Ministerium herebj"- obligates itself and authorizes its officers to make binding this obligation in a manner satisfactory to the owners, to this effect, that if the Ministerium fail for the term of ten years to main- tain the institution at Allentown, and it be closed and the property disposed of, then the par value of the stock transferred to the corporation shall be restored to the persons who trans- ferred said stock, or so much thereof as can be met from the 82 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. sale of the property after the payment of the debts of the institution." By this action Muhlenberg College was placed under the direct control of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, where it properly belonged ; and now the old " Mother Synod" began again to work up its educational matters, as it had previously done in connection with Pennsylvania College, having contributed thousands of dollars for that institution, but having been forced to abandon everything when it left the General Synod. The work now before the authorities of the institution was the adaptation of the same for a Synod ical College, the removal of its indebtedness, and the increase of its endowment fund. In the year 1875, at the meeting of the Ministerium, held at Norristown, Pa., a " Plan of a Synodical College" was presented and adopted, as follows : " 1. The object at which Synodical College shall aim, and toward which it shall constantly reach, shall be the securing of the broadest literary and scientific education of the best collegiate institutions, so as to give a thorough general culture and the preparation for all the pro- fessions and occupations in which learning is useful. 2. Next to the thorough study and the use of the English language, the study of the German language shall be made obligatory and prominent ; it shall be treated as a living language, shall as much as possible be introduced in conversation and worship, and be used as a medium to impart instruction whenever this can be done with advantage. 3. The doctrines of the Lutheran Church shall be regularly and fully taught; her worship and usages shall be carefully preserved, and her spirit faithfully cherished. The discipline shall be in accordance with her doctrinal and spiritual life. 4. Provision shall be made for preliminary studies of special importance to those contem- plating the ministry of the Lutheran Church and others who may desire to pursue those studies, and so far as may be necessary to this end, certain studies may be made elective." On motion of Dr. Krotel, the following resolution was also adopted : " That in view of the facts brought out in this dis- cussion, and believing that the Board of Trustees and the faculty of Muhlenberg College desire to arrange the course of studies HISTORICAL. 83 and the general character of that institution, so as to conform more and more to the standard set forth in the foregoing prop- ositions, this Synod pledges itself to give to Muhlenberg College a heartfelt support, not only in encouraging the attendance of students, but in the form of pecuniary aid." The plan here given was adopted by the Board of Trustees, June 23, 1875, and incorporated in the minutes of the board as its action ; and it approved the amendment of the charter, so as to conform with the action of the Ministerium. At the meeting of the Minis- terium, held at Eeading, Pa., 1876, the following resolutions, offered by Dr. Schmucker, were adopted : " Resolved, That the amended charter be transmitted to the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College, through the trustees elected by this Ministerium, with the information that this amended charter, prepared by the board, has received the unanimous approval of the Ministerium, and the earnest hope is expressed that the board will secure the approval by the Court of the amended charter. And Resolved, That a com- mittee be appointed to propose action, by which, upon condi- tion of the adoption of said amended charter, the earnest support, co-operation, and commendation of the Ministerium should be given to the board and its agency for removing the debt and enlarging the endowment of the College.'' The following sections of the amended charter deserve a place in this connection, as showing the object and scope of the work of the institution in its closer relations with the Min- isterium of Pennsylvania : " That there is established and shall be maintained a lit- erary institution at Allentown, in Lehigh County, consisting of such appropriate apartments as the patrons and managers of said institution shall find themselves able to maintain, by the name, style, and title of Muhlenberg College. "That the College shall be under the management and control of a Board of Trustees, who shall constitute one body politic and corporate in deed and in law, by the name, style, and title of ' The Trustees of Muhlenberg College at Allen- town.' They and their successors in office shall have full power in their corporate capacity, and be able and liable to sue and 84 MUHLENBERO COLLEGE. be sued, plead and be impleaded, in all courts of law and equity ; to take, hold, and purchase, for the use of said College, lands, goods, chattels, moneys of any kind whatever, by gift, grant, conveyance, devise, or bequest from any person or persons whomsoever capable of making the same. And the same may sell, convey, mortgage and dispose of, or improve the same in such manner as the interest and prosperity of said College may demand ; and all such property, real and personal, shall be held and applied in good faith solely for the purpose of a liberal education. "The object at which the College shall aim, and toward which it shall constantly reach, shall be the securing of the broadest literary and scientific education of the best collegiate institutions, so as to give a thorough general culture and the preparation for all the professions and occupations to which learning is useful. Next to the thorough study and the use of the English language, the study of the German language shall be made obligatory and prominent ; it shall be treated as a living language, shall as much as possible be introduced in con- versation and worship, and be used as a medium to impart instruction whenever this can be done with advantage. The doctrines of the Lutheran Church shall be regularly and fully taught, her worship and usages shall be carefully preserved, and her spirit faithfully cherished. The discipline shall be in ac- cordance with her doctrinal and spiritual life. Provision shall be made for preliminary studies of special importance to those contemplating the ministry of the Lutheran Church, and others who may desire to pursue the studies, and so far as may be necessary to this end, certain studies may be made elective. " That the said trustees shall be elected by the ' Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States,' at its annual meeting ... in which trustees and their successors in ofl&ce, the aforesaid rights, duties, powers, authority, and privileges of the stock company and the corporation shall rest forever.'' Having effected arrangements by which Muhlenberg College became a synodical institution, or at least under the control of the Synod, the next work was the removal of the debt and the HISTORICAL. 85 increase of the endowment fund. This was the aim of the Synod in its action in 1876, when, among other things, the fol- lowing was adopted, facilitated, doubtless, by the successful work done by Professor Seip, as agent, prior to this convention : " That this Ministerium hereby not only expresses its entire willingness to open its congregations to the agent, but also urges upon all the pastors and people belonging to the Ministerium the importance and necessity of giving their most hearty and active co-operation and support to the agent, in his efforts to secure funds to remove the debt, meet current expenses, and enlarge the endowment." In this connection it is deemed proper to present a brief statement of the facts connected with the appointment of the agent, to whom reference is made and whose work was com- mended to pastors and people, in the resolution just quoted. Repeated efforts had been made, from time to time, by the Board of Trustees to secure an efficient financial agent, who should present the cause of the institution to the congregations connected with the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and endeavor to secure funds both for the removal of the debt and also for the increase of the endowment of the College ; but up to this time their efforts had failed in meeting with that measure of success which they deemed necessary to the prosperity of the institu- tion. Several men had previously undertaken the work, but meeting with little encouragement, had abandoned the thank- less and arduous task. The Board of Trustees, however, con- tinued their search for a suitable man, and finally succeeded in finding one who was willing to undertake the laborious and self-denying task. This was the Rev. Theodore L. Seip, one of the members of the faculty, and one who had been identified with the institution from the beginning of its existence ; one, therefore, who knew all the wants and needs of the institution, as well as its advantages to the people among whom he was to go and from whom he was to collect the funds needed to carry on its work. He was elected by the Board of Trustees, Janu- ary 18, 1876, and relieved of the duties of his professorship and other duties in the institution, until he should resign the agency. Professor Seip entered upon his new and laborious work in 86 MVHLENBER& COLLEGE. February of the same year, and continued his labors until June of the following year. During this time he visited many individuals of means and a large number of the congregations of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, presenting the needs of the institution in public and in private, and endeavored to arouse a new interest in Muhlenberg College, which was now controlled by the body to which the individuals and congrega- tions belonged. His efforts were not in vain ; for, by the bless- ing of G-od, he succeeded in securing about thirty-three thou- sand dollars for the endowment fund and for current expenses. But more. His success did not consist simply in securing money for the struggling College ; but he also succeeded in arousing a new interest in the College among the congregations of the Ministerium, and thus became instrumental in securing an increased number of students. Through his untiring efforts the prospects of the institution again assumed a brighter ap- pearance. The people had learned of the wants and work of the College, and were made willing to help the good cause with money and students. And with brighter prospects in financial matters, its prospects both for increased financial support and additions to the number of students increased. Years after- wards young men came to College and applied for admission as students, who had heard Professor Seip's earnest presentation of the cause of the institution, and whom he had personally encouraged to take a college course. RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT MUHLENBERG. The financial struggles, of which mention has been made, were not by any means due to inefaeiency on the part of the honored president of the College, nor to carelessness in the management of affairs. A brighter day, however, dawned with increased endowment and increased help on the part of the church in meeting the current expenses. It was hoped, by the friends of the College, that the days of its trials were safely passed, and that henceforth all the energies of the managers could be devoted to internal improvements. The institution, however, met with a serious loss in the resignation of its honored, self-sacrificing, and indefatigable HISTORICAL. 87 president. The Eev. Dr. Muhlenberg resigned the presidency of College, September 11, 1876, and accepted the professorship of Greek in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, a position to which he was called on account of his national repu- tation as a G-reek scholar, and for which he was eminently qualified. His acceptance of this honorable position, while it was a great gain to the University, was a heavy loss to Muh- lenberg College. His action was deeply regretted by all who felt an interest in the institution, and who knew President Muhlenberg's worth and self-sacrificing labors in behalf of the institution which bears his honored name. This regret was expressed, at the time, in terms highly complimentary to him, both in the public press and in the official action of the Board of Trustees and the faculty, whose honored head ho had been for nearly ten years. Following are the resolutions of the Board of Trustees, dated September 21, 1876, and adopted at a special meeting : "The committee appointed to propose to the board some action with reference to the resignation of the presidency of the College by Eev. Dr. P. A. Muhlenberg, would respectfully report : " That the positive form of the resignation and the actual acceptance by Dr. Muhlenberg of the professorship to which he has been elected in the University of Pennsylvania, leaves to the board no alternative but regretfully to accept the resig- nation. "The eminent ability, the distinguished attainments, the superior gifts as an instructor, the elevated personal and Chris- tian character, the devotion of all his faculties to his work, of which he has given full proof during the years of his connec- tion with Muhlenberg College, have commanded our high per- sonal regard, and now make us sensible of our great loss in his removal. "We greatly regret that the necessities of this young institu- tion have compelled us to lay on him burdens so heavy, and to tender him a remuneration so insufBcient. And we record with gratitude the endurance and self-denial with which he has borne the burdens, and the zeal with which he has devoted himself to the work which he had undertaken. 88 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. " We tender him our earnest wishes for his welfare in his new and honorable position of labor, and we invite his con- tinued sympathy and co-operation in establishing the pros- perity of the institution which bears a name which is not only that of his distinguished ancestors but also his own. " EespectfuUy submitted. " B. M. SCHMTJCKER, " S. K. Bkobst, " W. Eath, " E. B. Weight, " F. J. P. SOHANTZ." CHANGES IN THE FACULTY, ETC. Muhlenberg College entered upon its course of usefulness with a strong and able faculty. Several changes, however, soon occurred. Already, before the close of the first month, the Eev. William E. Hofford, Professor of Latin, resigned in order to accept the presidency of the Allentown Female College, which bad succeeded the female department of the Allentown Collegiate Institute. During the month of October the Eev. Samuel Phillips resigned the professorship of English. On the same day the Eev. !N"ero S. Strassburger was elected to serve temporarily in his place. The Eev. George F. Miller, of Potts- town, was elected to the professorship of the English Lan- guage, November 12, 1867 ; but, owing to the condition of his health, could not at once accept the position, and finally de- clined it in April, 1868. The Eev. Matthias H. Eichards was elected to the professorship of Latin, May 12, 1868, and accepted the position. During the first year of the existence of the College, Geology was added to Professor Koons's department, and Physiology to that of Dr. Teager. Professor Seip was assisted in the academic department by three members of the senior class, L. A. Swope, W. H. Eickert, and E. A. Muhlenberg. During the next year the Eev. H. N. Eiis resigned the pro- fessorship of German, March 23, 1869, preparatory to his re- turn to Germany. His place was filled by the Eev. Jacob B. Eath, A. M., who was elected, April 9, 1869, to serve tempo- rarily, and who consented to serve until a professor of German HISTORICAL. 89 could be secured. This was accomplished on June 24, 1869, by the election of the Eev. Frederick W. A. Notz, Ph. D. After August 31, the Eev. Jacob B. Eath succeeded the Eev. Joseph P. Fahs as Professor of History. At the same time the Eev. Edward J. Koons, Vice-President and Professor of Mathematics, etc., also resigned, after which the vice-presidency was abol- ished. The instruction in mathematics and the other branches connected with this professorship was for a time divided among the other professors. At the special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held October 27, 1869, Professor Davis Garber, A. M.., was elected Professor of Mathematics, Astronomy, and Physics. He accepted the position and entered upon his duties on Janu- ary 4, 1870. Luther A. Swope gave his entire time as senior tutor, and Eevere F. Weidner, a member of the senior class, discharged the duties of junior tutor. The Franklin Society, whose aim is to supply the students with the daily and other periodical literature, was organized in the beginning of this college year, and an attempt was made by its members to establish a college journal, called The Colle- gian, several numbers of which appeared ; but, as the effort was premature, it failed of success. Since then the society has con- fined its work to the maintenance of the reading-room. The next few years witnessed some more changes in the faculty. The Eev. Jacob B. Eath resigned the professorship of history, June 26, 1871, after which the duties of this chair were assigned to other professors. Mr. Ernest A. Muhlenberg served as junior tutor during the scholastic year of 1871, in place of Eevere F. Weidner, who had resigned. By action of the Board of Trustees, June 26, 1872, Professor Matthias H. Eiehards was transferred to the professorship of English, the duties of which department he had previously discharged in connection with his duties as Professor of Latin. At the same time Professor Theo. L. Seip was elected Professor of Latin, but still continued to divide with President Muhlenberg the instruction in G-reek. The Eev. George F. Miller was elected principal of the academic department, and William A. Beates tutor, in place of the former tutors, who had resigned. On August 21, 1872, Professor Frederick W. A. Notz resigned the 90 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. professorship of German, and followed a call to Watertown, Wisconsin. After his departure the duties of this professorship were assigned to Professor George F. Miller. At the close of the next scholastic year, June 26, 1873, Professor Thomas C. Yeager, M. D., resigned the chair of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, the duties of which he had faithfully discharged since the opening of the institution. The duties of this depart- ment were then assumed by President Muhlenberg and Pro- fessor Davis Garber. At the same time, by the action of the Board of Trustees, Professor Miller was transferred from the academic department to the professorship of German, and the former department was given in charge of two tutors, — WilHam A. Beates, A. B., senior tutor, and George P. Kribbs, A. B., junior tutor. The next change in the faculty occurred April 13, 1874, when Professor Matthias H. Eichards resigned the professor- ship of English Language and Literature, to accept a call to become pastor of a Lutheran congregation in IndianapoHs, Indiana. During the remainder of the scholastic year the duties of this department were discharged by the other pro- fessors. The Eev. Eevere F. Weidner, then of Phillipsburg, New Jersey, was elected to succeed Professor Eichards, and entered upon the duties of his professorship at the beginning of the next scholastic year, September, 1874. At the same time William M. Herbst, M. D., was added to the coi-ps of in- structors as Professor of Botany, giving his valuable services gratuitously to the institution. During the year Milton C. Henninger succeeded Professor George F. Kribbs as junior tutor, and served until the close of the scholastic year, June, 1875. These frequent changes in the faculty during the first few years of the existence of the institution were due, partly, to the fact that some of the earlier professors were only tempo- rarily elected, and partly, no doubt, to the fact that the finances of the College were not in the most encouraging condition, and the salaries insufficient. But with improvement in this respect the faculty became more permanent, and the work of instruc- tion could be carried on with less frequent interruptions on account of vacancies in the faculty. BENJAMIN SADTLER. HISTORICAL. 91 PRESIDENCY OF BENJAMIN SADTLER, D. D. After the resignation of Dr. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, the Board of Trustees, on October 11, 1876, elected the Eev. Benja- min Sadtler, D. D., who had been very successful as principal of the Lutherville Ladies' Seminary, and who was at the time of his election a prominent member of the Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, to the presidency of Muhlenberg College. He entered upon the duties of his office January 1, 1877 ; but his inauguration was postponed until the time of the annual meeting of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, which was held that year in St. John's Lutheran Church, Allentown. The services connected with this interesting occa- sion were held in St. John's Church, May 28, 1877. The charge to President-elect Sadtler was delivered by the Eev. Jacob Fry, D. D., of Eeading, after which he was inducted into his office by the Eev. Charles W. Scbaeffer, D. D., president of the Ministerium, in the presence of the assembled Ministerium, the Board of Trustees, the faculty and the students of the College, and a large concourse of the citizens of Allentown. President Sadtler then delivered his inaugural address, in which he out- lined the policy and plans of the new administration. We give some extracts of this able address, which had for its theme, " The aim of Muhlenberg College : harmoniously to combine the Christian element in education with a sound and compre- hensive culture, her claim to the generous support of the Church and the community." Before discussing his theme. Dr. Sadtler paid a glowing trib- ute to his eminent predecessor, — to his personal worth and his eminent usefulness. Afterwards he defined the true idea of a Christian education and the proper sphere of the educator. He said, " JSTobler is the work assigned the true educator than simply to cram the memory with a certain amount of informa- tion ; to discipline the reasoning faculties to adroitness in logical tilts, or, take it at its best, to cultivate the intellect and refine the taste by unfolding to them all the rich stores laid up in all the literature and science and art of the past and present, and to teach them judiciously to choose and profitably to apply. 92 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. A man, in his truest manhood, is the image of God. When education takes a lower plane, it is but a partial culture that has failed to choose the better part. " But what does this institution propose to do, in addition to exercising a watchful guardianship over the spiritual and moral culture of its students ? What shall be the range of its scholastic training ? The folly of the day among our American institutions of learning has been to aspire to university pro- portions. In doing so many of them have but exposed them- selves to ridicule, and have not advanced the cause of sound learning. The unsophisticated student opens the catalogue of such an institution and reads the betitled names of two- or three-score professors, and imagines that attendance at such a place cannot fail to make him profoundly learned. He tries the experiment, and finds that he cannot avail himself of at most more than ten in number for any course of study possible to an undergraduate. ... It is the candid admission of the presi- dent of one of the few genuine universities of the land, ' A small college, well manned and thoroughly administered, has many advantages over one that is larger, in respect to the intimacy of acquaintance and intercourse between the oflScers and pupils, and also in respect to the vigor with which a few studies, wisely selected, may be thoroughly enforced.' . . . We aspire to be a college, limiting our ambition to that, but with an unlimited ambition as to its eflSciency and usefulness. To this we pledge ourselves as its officers and teachers, with what- ever of ability and attainments God has given us ; to this, we trust, without presumption, we may pledge you, as its custodians and patrons, with whatever of wisdom and influence may be yours, as the divine gift. " Somewhat peculiar is the element among which we are called to labor in our educational work. The Pennsylvania Germans are a people unlike any other in this broad land in their separation in language, manners, and customs, from the population around them. One wave of German immigration into this country, in the very beginning of the last century, flowed through the Mohawk Yalley, in New York, but was rapidly absorbed by the English-speaking population and HISTORICAL. 93 moulded and fashioned by their thought and manners. So it was with that wave that flowed into the Carolinas and Georgia. So, too, with the overflow of the greatest wave, — that which rolled northward and westward of Philadelphia and filled Eastern and Western Pennsylvania ; but as soon as it crossed the Pennsylvania line into Western Maryland and the Yalley of Virginia, it largely lost its characteristics. The descendant of the German settler on the Mohawk, the Potomac, and Shenandoah is quite another being from him whose ances- tors located on the Tulpehocken and Conestoga. The reason of the difference is the fact that the German population, especially in Eastern Pennsylvania, was massed together, and was too great to become absorbed by the English. They maintained their own schools and churches in their own lan- guage, and their exclusiveness in language largely isolated them from the social and political movements of the age. This very isolation protected them, too, from many of the tempta- tions and corruptions of life in the great world of business and politics. In all that pertains to integrity of character, to purity in morals, to fidelity to an accepted trust or self-imposed duty, to social kindliness and neighborly hospitality, to fru- gality and industry, and, above all, to a serious religiousness of disposition, the Pennsylvania German is worthy of esteem as a man and valuable as a citizen. Such is the material that Muhlenberg College is to a large extent to educate. But just here is where a task of special difficulty is imposed. It is to educate a German whose language is not classic German, and an American whose language is, in many cases, not English in its purity of pronunciation and idiom. . . . Ours is the task to teach German, and joyfully do we address ourselves to the work. It is the mother-tongue of our faith. Luther spake it ; in it the Eeformation was born. In it has been written what- ever is profoundest in philosophy, most accurate in science, most thorough in theology, sweetest in hymnology. No pro- fessional man can claim the highest intelligence that is ignorant of it ; certainly no scholar can claim to be learned without it. Its literature on any subject in the range of human thought is so vast that it is an inexhaustible mine. There is an eminent 94 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. fitness in paying special attention to this noble language, on the part of a Lutheran college located in a region -where it has been a living tongue for well-nigh two centuries, and is still the speech of the vast majority of the population outside the cities and larger towns. " We frankly avow mistrust in the elective system of study that is being tested in some of the colleges in the land, if applied to undergraduates of the average age and judgment of those attending them. There is not a branch in the cur- riculum that can be spared without detriment. Some may have no apparent practical use, but they are the whetstones that sharpen the faculties. Some are to cultivate and refine the literary taste, and give a copiousness and force to style that will make thought the more effective and attractive for the very dress it wears. But why should I detail before you what is the purpose of the mathematical, scientific, philosophical, historical, and purely literary studies that the well-organized college asks of its students. We question whether it is honest to give any scholastic degree of any kind without requiring the general intelligence presupposed in such cases. Below this standard we would not fall, and up to this standard, by the help of God, we will work, pledging ourselves as a faculty to devote our whole time conscientiously to the double work of acquiring and imparting in perpetual freshness and unwearied zeal. " Gentlemen of the Board of Trustees and brethren of the Ministerium, give us your confidence and sympathy and prayers in our work, and we humbly trust there shall be given you labors that shall be unremitting in making for this institution an honorable fame for the diligence in study and worth in character of the students committed to its care. Give us your sons from your farm-houses and city homes, from your churches and schools, and in reliance upon the divine blessing we will strive to guard and cherish their youth and perfect their man- hood in all that is ripest in culture, niost vigorous in character, purest in principle, and loveliest in piety. We will aim to give them back with their talents made bright by exercise and in- creased manifold by acquired knowledge, that in due time and BISTORICAL. 95 in other hands they may become the loved and useful pastors of your churches; the respected professional men in whose hands any entrusted interest shall be safe ; the loyal sons of the commonwealth, whether as voters or as statesmen ; the loyal children of the church, holding sacred their fathers' faith, and ready with voice and deed to help in her prosperity and to defend her in adversity. G-ive us your means, and we will strive to be the soundest of bankers; and though our divi- dends may not be in gold or silver, such as we have we will give unto you, and, in the name of Jesus Christ, will return as the interest our contribution to the cause of sanctified education and sound intelligence, that shall bring no harm to immortal souls, whilst it adorns and ennobles the mind." A STNODICAL COLLEGE. The exercises connected with the inauguration of President Sadtler, the noble sentiments which he uttered in his inaugu- ral, the aim which he presented to the friends of the institution, inspired the Board of Trustees and friends of the College with new zeal in behalf of the institution, and encouraged them to continue their efforts in the noble work which they had un- dertaken ten years previously, — to wit, the establishment of a synodical college of a high literary and religious standard, in which young men could be trained in the spirit of the Lutheran Church for the Theological Seminary in Philadel- phia, for the various learned professions and for other pursuits in life, and thus give the church an educated ministry as well as an educated laity. At the same meeting of the Ministerium, during which Dr. Sadtler was inaugurated, the said body assumed the entire control of and responsibility for the maintenance of the Col- lege, and elected the entire Board of Trustees. In thus taking charge of the institution, the Ministerium of Pennsylvania gained control of a valuable property ; but at the same time virtually assumed a debt of something like seventy thousand dollars. The resources of the institution, exclusive of the property, amounted to sixty thousand dollars. But notwith- standing the enormous debt, it was a valuable acquisition for 96 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. the Lutheran Church, in view of the fact that no such institu- tion existed in Eastern Pennsylvania on the extensive territory of the Ministerium, and in view of the additional fact that it provided the facilities for education which the Ministerium needed. The Ministerium of Pennsylvania assumed a heavy responsibility ; but it at the same time made an important step forward in its work, and actualized the cherished plans of its pious, earnest, and eminent founders. The right of election of the entire Board of Trustees had been vested in the Ministerium, by a change in the charter, which was secured for that purpose by the stockholders, and which placed the institution under the sole management of that body. By this change the institution became a Lutheran Col- lege. The following were elected as the first Board of Trustees, under the new arrangements : Eevs. Emanuel Greenwald, D. D., Joseph A. Seiss, D. D., Earnest A. Bauer, "William Eath, Beale M. Schmucker, D. D., Jacob Fry, D. D., Eeuben Hill, Adolph Spaeth, D. D., John K. Plitt, Franklin J. F. Schantz, Jacob B. Eath, Jacob D. Schindel, Grustav A. Hinterleitner, Eevere F. Weidner, Charles J. Cooper, Jeremiah F. Ohl, Jacob F. "Wam- pole, and John W. Early; Messrs. Christian Pretz, Henry Weinsheimer, Eobert E. "Wright, Charles W. Cooper, Jonathan Eeichard, Amos "W. Potteiger, A. Stanley "LTlrieh, Edward S. Shimer, Henry Lehman, Charles Schaeffer, F. G. Berndt, and Henry A. Grim. "When the new board organized for work, the Eev. William Eath was elected its president, as the presi- dent of the College was, according to the amended char- ter, no longer a member of the Board of Trustees. Eev. Eath was the eflScient president of the board until his death, in 1886. At the same meeting of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, during which these changes finally culminated, the announce- ment was made that a movement was on foot for the endow- ment of a professorship of the German Language and Litera- ture, to be called " the S. K. Brobst Professorship," a movement which was eminently proper and which the Ministerium heartily approved, in view of the eminent services of the Eev. Brobst in the establishment of the institution, which had so providen- HISTORICAL. 97 tially come under the control of the body. This project was, however, never carried into effect, owing to the lack of suffi- cient support ; for the institution was by no means beyond its financial struggles, but had to contend for years with the lack of sufficient resources to carry on its work. CHANGES IN THE FACULTT. During Dr. Sadtler's presidency very few changes occurred, either in the faculty or in the external management of the in- stitution. At the beginning of the scholastic year, 1877, Pro- fessor Weidner resigned the professorship of the English Lan- guage and Literature, and the Eev. Matthias H. Richards was recalled to the position which he had so ably filled for a number of years in the earlier history of the College. His election occurred October 11, 1876, and he entered upon the discharge of his duties in January, 1877. At the close of the scholastic year, June, 1877, Professor George P. Miller resigned the pro- fessorship of German, and was succeeded by the Eev. Benjamin W. Schmauk, as " acting" Professor of German, until a suc- cessor could be secured. The higher Greek, formerly taught by Dr. Muhlenberg, was assigned to Professor Theo. L. Seip, in addition to Latin. At this time, also, the academic depart- ment was re-organized with the Eev. Aaron E. Home as prin- cipal, and with a large force of instructors to aid him, and offering normal, academic, and commercial courses of study to its students. This change was followed by a large increase of pupils in that department, the number having risen from forty- three, during the previous year, to one hundred and twenty -five for the year ending June, 1878. At the semi-annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, held January 20, 1880, the Eev. Eeuben Hill resigned his position as assistant Professor of Greek ; but at the urgent request of the board he consented to serve until the end of the term. GIFTS TO THE COLLEGE. The usefulness of the institution was still hampered by the lack of proper support and by the burden of its heavy indebted- ness. But the authorities and friends of the College were 98 MVBLENBERQ COLLEGE. indefatigable in their efforts to improve its finances, so as to be able to retain the high educational standard which it had occu- pied from the beginning. Early in June, 1879, the gratifying intelligence was received that Hon. Asa Packer, President of the Lehigh Yalley Eailroad Company, and the munificent bene- factor of Lehigh University and St. Luke's Hospital, at South Bethlehem, had left a bequest of thirty thousand dollars to Muhlenberg College. This was a most acceptable gift, and en- abled the institution to greatly enlarge and improve one of its departments of study. By action of the Board of Trustees, the fund was set apart for the endowment of the " Asa Packer Professorship of the Natural and Applied Sciences." The trustees were enabled, in 1881, after receiving the Mosser-Keck endowment, to add a special instructor for this department, the duties of which had previously been discharged by the other professors, who were already over-crowded with the numerous duties of their special departments. The Ministerium of Pennsylvania, at its meeting in Lancaster, 1880, resolved to raise the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars for the endowment of a German professorship, " not only as a token of the confidence of this Ministerium in the College and of its sense of the value and imperative necessity of it, but also as an expression of gratitude to G-od for the great work whose results are treasured in our confessions, in the prepara- tion and maintenance of which we and all Christendom owe so much to the Germanic nationalities and the German tongue." At the meetings of the Board of Trustees, held June 24 and July 20, 1880, measures were taken to carry this resolution into effect. The Eev. Benjamin W. Schmauk having resigned his position as "acting" Professor of German, the Eev. William Wackernagel was elected to the position of Professor of Ger- man, and was charged with the work of securing funds for the complete endowment of this chair. By request of the Board of Trustees, Eev. Schmauk assisted Professor Wackernagel in the discharge of the duties of this department until the open- ing of the next scholastic year, when the latter assumed all the duties of his department. Subsequently, however, arrange- ments were made to secure the salary of the German professor HISTORICAL. 99 by annual contributions from individuals and congregations,, until such time as sufficient funds could be secured to complete the endowment of this chair. During the summer of the same year, Professor Theo. L. Seip was instrumental in securing from Messrs. James K. Mosser and Thomas Keek, a firm well known for its generous and intelligent interest in every good work, a cash endowment of twenty thousand dollars for the professorship of the Greek Language and Literature. This generous gift, which was an agreeable surprise to the Board of Trustees and the friends of the College, was gratefully accepted by the board at a special meeting, held July 20, 1880 ; and the board set apart this gift as the " Mosser-Keck Professorship of the Greek Language and Literature.'' At the same time Professor Seip resigned the pro- fessorship of Latin and was elected as professor of Greek, re- taining, however, at the request of the board, higher Latin in connection with the Greek, as the chair of Latin was vacant at the time. The fund of twenty thousand dollars, just men- tioned, was afterwards increased by the generous donors to thirty thousand dollars. During the same year a bequest of two thousand dollars was received from the estate of B. J. Deininger, of Eeading, for the endowment of the professorship of German. Later additions have been made to t^is fund, until it amounts to nearly twelve thousand dollars. SOME CHANGES. At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, held at the close of the scholastic year in June, 1881, Professor Edgar P. Smith, Ph. D., of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, was elected to the Asa Packer Professorship of ISTatural and Ap- plied Sciences. He accepted the position and entered upon his duties at the opening of the next scholastic year, in September, 1881. About the same time Professor William M. Herbst, M. D., resigned the professorship of Botany, which he had held since 1875, and this branch of study was transferred to the department of Professor Smith. The next change occurred in the academic department in June, 1882, when Professor A. E. Home, D. D., resigned as principal of that department. The 100 MUBLENBER& COLLEGE. Eev. John Kohler was elected to succeed him in the principal- ship of this department, and George T. Bttinger, who had been for several years instructor in the ancient languages under Dr. Home, was elected his assistant. During the scholastic year of 1882-83, Professor Smith received and accepted a call to a professorship in Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. His resignation was reluctantly accepted, June 27, 1883, and N. Wiley Thomas, Ph. D., a graduate of the scientific department of Muhlenberg College, was elected as his successor. He en- tered upon the duties of his professorship at the beginning of the next scholastic year, September, 1883. During the same year two movements were set on foot in the institution which have and will continue to have a far- reaching influence on the students. The first was the organi- zation of the College Missionary Society, the main object of which is the cultivation of a missionary spirit among the stu- dents, and of promoting the cause of missions ; the second was the establishment of the Muhlenberg Monthly, now called The Muhlenberg, which was projected and the first number of which was issued by the graduating class of the year 1883. It has since then regularly appeared, published under the auspices of the two literary societies. The object of this college journal is the cultivation of literary tastes among the students, to keep the alumni and friends of the College informed of the work and wants of the institution, and to make Muhlenberg College better known among the colleges of the land. The scholastic year 1883-84 witnessed a change in the ex- ternal management of the College in the resignation of Jon- athan Eeichard as treasurer. He had faithfully served in this capacity since the opening of the College in 1867, a term of more than sixteen years. The Eev. Eeuben Hill, at that time pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Allentown, was ap- pointed treasurer, and served in this capacity until the summer of 1884, when he resigned in order to accept the position of financial agent of the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. As his successor the Eev. Charles J. Cooper, pastor of the Lutheran congregations at South Bethlehem and Freemans- burg, was elected treasurer pro tempore, and served in this HISTORICAL. 101 capacity until after his election as financial agent and his re- moval to the College building in 1886, when he was elected treasurer of the College, which position he now occupies. During the year 1885 Professor Thomas resigned the profes- sorship of I^atural and Applied Sciences, and accepted the pro- fessorship of Chemistry in Girard College, Philadelphia. In the same year the Eev. John A. Bauman, an alumnus of Muh- lenberg, having graduated in 1873, was elected as his successor. He accepted the position, assumed the duties of the professor- ship in the fall of 1885, and fills the position with credit to himself and his alma mater. THE RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT SADTLER. The latter part of the year 1885 witnessed another important change in the management of the institution, caused by the resignation of President Sadtler, who had acceptably filled the position of president for nine years, — years of trials and difii- culty, owing to the lack of sufficient endowment and other causes which retarded the work of the institution. During the winter of 1884 Dr. Sadtler fell on the ice and sustained severe injuries which disabled him for some time, and finally led to his retirement from the active duties of life. He moved to Baltimore, where he now lives in well-earned retirement. His resignation of the presidency of the College was accepted by the Board of Trustees, June 25, 1885, though it did not go into effect until December 31, 1885. At the annual meeting of the board, June 25, the following action was taken with reference to Dr. Sadtler's resignation : " The committee appointed to prepare a minute on the resig- nation of Eev. Dr. Sadtler begs leave to report the following : " 1. That the Board of Trustees deeply sympathizes with the Eev. Dr. B. Sadtler in his continued bodily affliction, and has learned with regret that he has felt himself constrained by im- paired physical strength and other demands in his family re- lations to resign the duties and responsibilities of the presidency of Muhlenberg College, which he has so acceptably discharged for the past nine years. "2. That, in view of his long and efficient services as an 102 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. instructor, the arduous duties and varied labors devolved upon him in the supervision and administration of the affairs of an institution embarrassed with numerous perplexities, and the weight of constant care and anxiety accompanying the execu- tive oversight of young men in the course of their collegiate education, we hereby tender to Eev. Dr. Sadtler our hearty thanks for his diligence, fidelity, and self-denying activity in behalf of the institution and the students in attendance upon it. "3. That we cheerfully bear our united testimony to the willing accord with, which he has always co-operated with the Board of Trustees in his relations to the College and in the ad- ministration of its affairs as committed to him, as also to the readiness with which he has at all times responded to the calls of his ministerial brethren when in need of his help, both in the interests of the institution and their congregations. " 4. That, in view of the oflScial separation which he has felt himself moved to ask, we sincerely pray that the divine bless- ing may rest upon him and all his in his future relations ; and especially that his desired relief from the cares and burdens of the presidency of the College may tend to his restoration to physical strength and comfort, to the end that his useful- ness in the Church of Christ may be continued for yet many years." PRESIDENCY OF THEODORE LORENZO SEIP, D. D. The vacancy in the presidency of the College, caused by the resignation of Dr. Sadtler, was filled by the election of Eev. Theodore L. Seip, D. D., Mosser-Keck Professor of Greek. The election took place at a special meeting of the Board of Trus- tees, held for this purpose, November 5, 1885, his term of office to begin January 1, 1886. After Dr. Sadtler's retirement all eyes were turned to Pro- fessor Seip, a fine classical scholar, a Christian gentleman, and an excellent manager, as the man for the place. He had been identified with Muhlenberg College from the beginning of its existence, successively as principal of the Academic Depart- ment, Professor of Latin, financial agent. Professor of Greek, THEODORE LORENZO SEIP. HISTORICAL. 103 and filling, provisionally at times, other departments. Indeed, it may be said that he had passed through nearly all the de- partments of the institution, from the lowest to the highest, and had stood by the institution at times when its friends were few and its prospects were by no means encouraging. He had become familiar with all the affairs of the College by his long and active connection with the faculty. He had assisted Dr. Muhlenberg, the first president, in arranging the course of studies tO' be pursued, and organizing the affairs of the institu- tion for its special sphere of operations, and hence was in every way fitted to be placed in the position to which the Board of Trustees now elected him. The board, dispensing with the formal election by ballot, elected Professor Seip " by acclama- tion." All the students and graduates of College, and all those who knew Professor Seip, applauded the action of the board as eminently proper and as the very best for the insti- tution. High expectations for the future prosperity and ex- tended influence of the institution were raised in the minds of its friends and patrons by the election of Dr. Seip to this honorable though highly responsible position, which are being realized year by year as the institution advances in its history and extends its influence in its ever-widening circle of friends and patrons. By this we do not mean to say that hitherto the College had been a failure, nor that the administration of its affairs had lacked executive ability. It is most gratifying to know that the affairs of Muhlenberg College were wisely managed from the beginning ; its meagre resources were used to the best advantage of its students' and in the accomplish- ment of its work as a literary institution of high standing. A new era, however, dawned upon the institution when Professor Seip stepped from the professorial into the presi- dential chair. The vast experience which he had gained by his long connection with the institution during its trials and struggles was of great value and importance to him in his new and larger sphere of activity. With the advent of a new administration began a new period of wider influence and greater prosperity than the institution had hitherto en- joyed. 104 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. PRESIDENT SEIP'S INAUGURATION. The inauguration of President Seip took place in St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, January 6, 1886, under most favorable circumstances, and in the presence of the Board of Trustees, students of the institution, many alumni, and a large concourse of friends and patrons of the College. The Eev. Professor Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D., the first president of the College, and at that time Professor of Greek in the University of Pennsylvania, delivered the charge to the presi- dent-elect; the Eev. Gottlob P. Krotel, D. D., president of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, performed the act of installation ; the Eev. William Eath, president of the Board of Trustees, delivered the keys of the institution with words of cheer and encouragement for his responsible duties to President Seip ; and the Eev. Professor Charles W. Schaeffer, D. D., chairman of the faculty of the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, pre- sented the greetings of his colleagues in the theological faculty, after which President Seip delivered his inaugural address. All these addresses were worthy of their distinguished authors, and would make interesting and valuable reading in connection with this history, but want of space forbids more than the mere mention of the subjects and speakers. According to the plan adopted for this history, a brief outline of President Seip's inaugural is here presented. After suitable references to his eminent predecessors and his own connection with the institu- tion in other capacities, he proposed to answer three questions, from the discussion of which the principles of his administra- tion became apparent. The first question was, " What is the aim of Muhlenberg College ?" In reply to this he said, " We might sum up the answer to this question in the simple statement : Its aim is to cultivate the entire man, harmoniously to educate or lead forth the powers of his mind and body. Its object is not only to develop some of man's faculties, while others are neglected ; not to give a narrow, one-sided, and merely secular training, but to educate and discipline all his powers in har- mony and due proportion, and, above all, to give that religious culture and Christian training which form the very foundation HISTORICAL. 105 of every true character. The aim of Muhlenberg College is to turn out well-balanced, well-educated Christian gentlemen, not to give a special education, but a general training which shall fit its graduates to choose wisely when they enter upon their life-work. In considering this question, we must remem- ber that the institution which we represent is not a school for children, nor a university, nor a theological seminary, nor a medical school ; but it is a college, a teaching body, a training- school for all these, whose aim is to lay the foundation broad and deep, upon which the professional student, the specialist, and the liberally-cultured man of any calling or pursuit may afterwards rear the solid structure of his own particular life- work. The aim of Muhlenberg College is to secure the best results in the Christian training of all the faculties, in edu- cating men for the general functions and duties of life, over against a mere special education for one particular object, and that, perhaps, pertaining to the lower rather than the higher interests of the individual. . . . Its object is to educate men in the liberal arts, so that when they engage in business or professional life they may be men of deep, broad, and liberal culture, who can appreciate other professions and occupations than their own, and who do not magnify their own particular pursuit out of all due proportion to everything else, and hold it so close to their eyes as to shut out from their view the wide world of knowledge that lies beyond. Its aim, so far as it can, is to stem the current of narrowness and illiberality, of crudity and superficiality, that are the result of an arrogant special- ism on the one hand, and of a showy but unsubstantial cur- riculum on the other. ... It is not a secular institution. A college that is to accomplish its proper work, as is generally admitted by those who have given attention to the subject, should be under the auspices of some portion of the Christian Church, in order to harmony of direction and teaching, and to exert a positive religious influence over its students and the community which it is intended to reach. . . . Muhlenberg College stands unequivocally on the foundation of the prophets and apostles, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner- stone. It is the College of the Evangelical Lutheran Minis- 106 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. terium of Pennsylvania, and occupies the same confessional position with it. All the members of its faculty are members in regular standing of this Ministerium, or of congregations in connection with it. While ' sectarian bias and illiberality' wiU have no place and influence in the religious teaching of the College, its most solemn obligations and aims bind it to unswerving loyalty to Christ and the truth." " We proceed to ask, in the second place, — Has Muhlenberg College accomplished its aim in the past ? Muhlenberg College was planted by godly men in the rich soil of faith. The tender plant has been watered by many a silent tear and nourished by many a secret prayer. It has grown stronger, and driven its roots deeper, because of the very storms that have seemingly threatened its destruction. We are free to admit that it has not achieved all that its founders fondly hoped for it, particu- larly in the way of financial support and the number of students in attendance. But when we regard the curriculum of studies pursued, the faithful work done, and the goodly number of use- ful men that have gone forth from Muhlenberg's halls into the sacred work of the gospel ministry, into the professions of teaching, law and medicine, not to mention those who have won honorable titles and names for themselves in public life, and in other pursuits in which their Christian culture has benefited them and their fellow-men, we feel safe in afSrming that Muhlenberg College has not been established in vain, but that it has in no small degree accomplished its aim . . . The founders of the College very wisely adopted a curriculum whose fundamentals have been approved by the experience of the best educators for centuries, and which have recently been re- endorsed by experts and authorities of the highest renown, in the universities of Europe, and in the conservative colleges of our own land. This curriculum embraces, in due proportion, the old and the new, the ancient classics and the modern lan- guages, mathematics and the natural sciences, religion and the mental and moral sciences, history and literature. . . . Though a high place of honor is given in our curriculum to the ancient classics, yet no less attention is devoted to the modern languages, especially the English and the German. English, pure and HISTORICAL. 107 undefiled, is taught in an appreciative manner, so as to commu- nicate the elements of its growth, the separate accretions from Greek and Latin and other sources, with due acknowledgment of the debt which the modern languages owe to the ancient, and the importance, therefore, of a study of the ancient tongues in order to a thorough understanding of one's own language. German, in a peculiar sense the mother of the English, is de- servedly held in high esteem among us, as the language of Luther and Melanehthon, of Goethe and Schiller, of the most erudite scholars, theologians, philosophers, and scientists of modern times, and of the Fatherland, which is now justly re- garded the school-house of the world." " In conclusion, permit me to ask, briefly, — What of the future of Muhlenberg College ? Though I am neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet, yet I feel safe in affirming that Muhlenberg College has come to stay. The growth of institu- tions of learning, as that of the oak, is usually slow when healthy. Those that spring up like mushrooms perish like them. Money alone, however necessary, will not accomplish everything, nor even the most important things in the establishment and de- velopment of institutions of learning. They must be established in the affections of their patrons and the hearts of their friends if they would accomplish their proper work and extend their sphere of usefulness. It will be my earnest endeavor, so far as I may have the conduct of the affairs of Muhlenberg College, to deserve the good- will and hearty co-operation of all that are interested in its welfare, and are in turn subject to its influence. When we consider the natural constituency of our institution as the College of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, with its weU-nigh one hundred thousand communicant members, repre- senting a population of a quarter of a million, with the affiliated Pennsylvania German element occupying the same rich soil of Eastern Pennsylvania ; when we look at our own beautiful city, with its growing enterprises and increasing wealth and popu- lation, may we not hope that, with such a field of usefulness and patronage before it, Muhlenberg College may not only con- tinue to exist, but may rise and shine and, in the near future, become one of the most successful colleges in the land ? Whether 108 MVHLENBER& COLLEGE. this shall be so or not, will depend not merely upon those charged with the control of its affairs. Muhlenberg College will never be built up by the reputation of any one man, but work, persistent, earnest and direct, by its friends and well- wishers everywhere, whenever the opportunity offers, will be needed to make it all its founders designed it to be, and to utilize its advantages, to the fullest extent, for the benefit of the church and the community. "The permanency of Muhlenberg College is no longer in question. It has taken root too deeply and firmly to be eradi- cated or overthrown. The question now is, whether those who ought to sustain it will assist or obstruct it in its career of use- fulness. Every member of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, every alumnus and student of the institution, every friend of the College, every citizen of this community, must decide for himself whether he will aid in extending the sphere of useful- ness of Muhlenberg College, or by unconcerned indifference, or it may be even by unkind opposition, obstruct it in its benign work. We think there can be only one answer to this question by those who are actuated by considerations of duty. If we honestly endeavor to discharge our duties in the fear of the Lord, may we not hope for the united support of the church and the community, and for the blessing of Almighty God upon the labors of our hands? "When once the mighty host that constitutes the rank and file of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania awakes to its ability and its responsibility, it will be an easy thing to erect adequate buildings for our Seminary and College to liquidate debts and endow professorships and scholarships ; an easy task to gather students, libraries and apparatus, and to make of these institutions, to a far greater extent than now, fountains, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God. May He speed the day when this shall come to pass. Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it." CHANGES AND IMPROVEMENTS. As soon as Dr. Seip had assumed the duties of the presidency of Muhlenberg College he began to reorganize its affairs, and, with the hearty co-operation of the other members of the fac- HISTORICAL. 109 ulty and the financial agent, the Eev. Charles J. Cooper, who had been serving in that capacity since September, 1884, while pastor at South Bethlehem, and called to Allentown on March 30, 1886, set measures on foot to improve the financial condition of the institution. At the same time improvements were un- dertaken in the course of studies, so that now the standing of the College is equal to any similar institution. Under the able administration of Dr. Seip, the College began to show new life. The preliminary woris; which had been done by his eminent predecessors and by himself in the various positions which he had formerly occupied, began to show results for good in every direction. There began a greater influx of students from various parts of the territory of the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania and beyond its boundaries. The resources of the College also began to increase. Extensive repairs and improvements in the interior and exterior of the buildings and on the grounds, undertaken in the spring of 1885, were continued until both the buildings and the grounds were very much improved. The chapel and recitation-rooms were frescoed, and the students' rooms were repaired and made more comfortable. The chapel was furnished with a new organ, Bible, etc. For these various expenditures over seven thousand dollars were collected from the friends of the institution by the Eev. Charles J. Cooper, the financial agent, assisted by Dr. Seip. The College library was removed from the third to the first floor, so as to be more acces- sible to the students and professors ; and it has since been in- creased by valuable contributions of books, acknowledgments of which have been made in the annual catalogues of the College. In the year 1887, the Muhlenberg Memorial year, during which services were held throughout the extensive territory of the Min- isterium of Pennsylvania in honor of Henry Melchior Muhlen- berg, the financial agent set measures on foot for the increase of the endowment of the German professorship, which resulted in the collection of over four thousand dollars for this purpose. As the result of his untiring activity, he collected during the year 1888-89 about twenty thousand dollars towards the liqui- dation of the debt, which then amounted to seventy-five thou- sand dollars. A special incentive to the active prosecution of 110 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. the work looking to the removal of the debt was the liberal offer of Messrs. Mosser and Keek, the generous donors of thirty thousand dollars for the endowment of the Greek professorship, to add twenty per cent, to all the funds collected within one year for the removal of the debt. This work has been prose- cuted with the characteristic energy and zeal of the agent, so that the debt has been reduced to less than fifty thousand dollars, and the endowment has been increased to more than one hundred and thirty-four thousand dollars. The endowment of the German professorship amounts to more than eleven thousand dollars. The expectation is entertained that in the course of a few years the debt can be entirely liquidated, and the institution, freed from that burden, can be fully sustained by its annual income from the endowment fund and other sources. In this connection it is proper to state that the financial agent is at present engaged in the collection of funds to free the institution of its entire indebtedness during this year, the quarter-centennial of its history, with fair prospects of final success. After the trials and struggles of the past, Muhlenberg Col- lege is in a comparatively good financial condition. The manner in which its finances are managed enables the institution to meet all its current expenses without an annual deficit as in former years, and the outlook for the future is encouraging. The college classes are larger now than they ever have been, and the prospects are good for a much larger increase in the future, as the institution becomes more widely known from year to year, and its influence is extending in an ever-widening circle. The president and the other members of the faculty are widely known as men of ability, and the facilities which they can offer to students, as well as their well-earned reputa- tion, are drawing students from all parts of our synodical ter- ritory. The future of the institution will, no doubt, be much brighter than the past has been, and yet from the experiences of the past can be gathered hope for the future. The property of Muhlenberg College is valued at one hun- dred thousand dollars, and its endowment amounts to more than one hundred and thirty-four thousand dollars, a more HISTORICAL. Ill detailed account of whicli is presented on another page of this volume. The College receives an annual appropriation from the Ministerium of Pennsylvania for the support of the G-erman professor and for current expenses. The College has three libraries, one belonging to the institution and one each to the two literary societies, besides cabinets of minerals, philosophical apparatus, a chemical laboratory, and such other equipments as are necessary and useful in an institution of this kind. SOME RESULTS ACCOMPLISHED. Prom this brief outline of the history of Muhlenberg Col- lege it is evident that this institution, like many others of the same character, has not been without many and severe trials and struggles ; but through the very struggles of its early years it has developed strength, and by the important results which it has already accomplished during the first twenty-five years of its existence it has demonstrated its right to exist. Its more than three hundred graduates are scattered over the States and Territories of the United States, many of them oc- cupying honorable places in the learned professions or in suc- cessful business enterprises, as may be seen by consulting the tables of statistics given in connection with this history, and the record of the alumni, presented in another part of this volume. Very many, although not graduates, have been helped to a better education than they would otherwise have acquired, from the fact that the College brought the needed facilities within their reach. The importance of the College to the work of the church is shown also by what it has already accomplished in the educa- tion of young men for the ministry, and for usefulness as lay- men in our congregations. More than one-half of the gradu- ates of the College have devoted themselves to the office of the ministry of the Gospel. Although the College is now only twenty-five years old, and most of its graduates are still com- paratively young men, scarcely any having reached middle age, yet quite a large number have already distinguished themselves as professors in theological and literary institutions, as pastors of most important parishes, as superintendents and teachers in 112 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. various schools, as editors and writers for the religious and secu- lar press, as authors of important and valuable publications, as laymen prominent in the profession of their choice, some even having won honorable names and titles in public life; while others are useful lay members in our congregations, blessing themselves and their fellow-men by reason of the liberal Chris- tian training which they received in the formative period of their lives in this institution. Its importance is very evident when we note how rapidly the losses in the Synod which con- trols the College are made up, and the gains increased by the graduates of the College, to say nothing of the excellent men whom it has furnished to the Western institutions and other Synods of the General Council. "We do not overstate the matter when we claim that Muhlenberg College has done a great work for the church during the short time of its exist- ence, in comparison with the limited means which have thus far been received directly from the church. Muhlenberg Col- lege has never received the recognition from the chui'ch which it deserves, in view of the work done and the results accom- plished ; nor has it received that support which it needed to carry out the liberal plan which it proposed from the beginning. OUTSIDE RECOGNITION. There is a feature of the history of the College that deserves to be mentioned in this connection. The reference is to the recognized standing of Muhlenberg College among the colleges and scholars outside of the Lutheran Church, due in a large measure to the efforts of the present faculty to place the insti- tution in its proper light before the educators of our time. It must be a gratifying fact to the alumni and friends of the College to know that President Seip and other members of the faculty have succeeded in extending the influence of the Col- lege by their intercourse with influential men in other institu- tions of learning. President Seip occupies an honorable and influential position in " The College Association of the Middle States and Maryland." This association was organized in Lan- caster, Pa., July 5-6, 1887, under the title of " The College Association of Pennsylvania ;" but was re-organized in 1888 HISTORICAL. 113 Tinder the title given above. In the original organization the honored president of Muhlenberg took an active and influential part, was its first secretary, and is the author of a history of the association, which was published in connection with the first published minutes. " This association," he says, in the history referred to, '' grew out of an earnest desire on the part of a number of college presidents to establish closer relations with one another, and with those engaged in the cause of higher education in the colleges of the State." He was the vice-president of the second convention (1888), and during most of the sessions of the convention occupied the presidential chair, serving also, in all the conventions held since 1887, on the most important committees of the association and taking a prominent part in the various discussions. In the conventions of 1888 and 1889 other members of Muhlenberg's faculty were present and took an active part in the discussions of the asso- ciation. In this manner Muhlenberg College has been prominently brought to the attention of leading educators of Pennsylvania and other States, and, being ably represented, has received favorable recognition from men of other institutions. The fact that President Seip has been repeatedly honored by his distin- guished colleagues clearly proves that his scholarship is recog- nized and that his influence as an educator is felt among men who occupy similar positions in other institutions. His repre- sentation, on the floor of the conventions, of the status and work of the institution over which he presides, has repeatedly called forth most gratifying commendations from recognized scholars, and has been the means of placing Muhlenberg on the roll of the reliable and progressive institutions of this and other States. Dr. MacCracken, Chancellor of the University of New York, in his address before the American Society of Church History, held in Washington, D. C, December 31, 1890) on the subject of " Church History in the College Course of Study," gives to Muhlenberg the place of honor among a num- ber of colleges named, as furnishing a prescribed course in Bible church history; and the United States Commissioner on Education, William T. Harris, LL.D., in his last report, men- 114 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. tions the same institution as specially strong and thorough in the classics. Other recognized educators have highly com- mended other features of the course of studies pursued in our alma mater. Testimony of this kind goes very far in placing Muhlenberg in the front rank of institutions of this kind in this and other States. FINANCIAL HISTORY. Through the kindness of the Eev. Charles J. Cooper, the indefatigable and successful financial agent of the College, we are enabled to present a carefully prepared sketch of the finan- cial history of the institution. The financial history of the College has been one of constant struggle from the beginning until now. No munificent endow- ments called it into being, nor greeted it upon the threshold of its existence. For years those most deeply interested and most active in the establishment of a college within the bounds of the Minis- terium prayed and labored under great difficulties and amidst adverse circumstances. The necessities of such an institution were clear, but the ways and means to realize it were wanting. After repeated but futile efforts to make it a Synodical Col- lege, the Ministerium, in 1866, authorized a committee of seven, including its own treasurer, the Eev. A. T. Geissenhainer, to secure the collegiate buildings in Allentown for the use of the Synod, under conditions as stated on a previous page. After long and earnest deliberation they recommended the organiza- tion of a joint stock company, the number of shares to be three hundred, the par value of a share to be one hundred dollars ; the property purchased to be devoted to the purposes of edu- cation under the supervision and direction of a Board of Trustees, elected by the Synod and the stockholders. This project succeeded to such an extent that on February 2, 1867, the stockholders met and elected eighteen trustees, twelve of whom represented the stockholders and six the Ministerium. The original three hundred shares of stock having been disposed of and additional funds being necessary, the capital stock was increased to fifty thousand dollars, and an effort HISTORICAL. 115 made to sell additional stock. The entire capital stock event- ually amounted to three hundred and thirty-eight shares, or thirty-three thousand eight hundred dollars paid in, the greater part of which has since been transferred to the Ministerium or to the College corporation. With the money thus secured the property was purchased, the old buildings remodelled, and new- equipments provided. It was, however, found necessary to en- large the buildings by the addition of the rear wing. To raise the necessary funds the property was mortgaged for thirty-five thousand dollars, and, on account of war-time prices in labor, material, and rates of interest, a second mortgage of fifteen thousand dollars soon became a necessity, making the funded indebtedness fifty thousand dollars. The College having no endowments and the income from students not being sufficient to meet the expenses and the interest of the debt, annual deficits increased the debt eventually to about seventy-five thousand dollars, exclusive of the capital stock. More than once the warmest friends of the College almost lost all hope of ever succeeding to establish the institution on a permanent financial basis. But in all these trying times the silver lining was not wanting to the dark and ominous cloud. The Ministerium in 1867 resolved to aid in the endowment of the College, and pro- vided that the collections diiring that year, the three hundred and fiftieth. anniversary of the Eeformation, should be divided between the College and the Seminary. The amount realized for the College was over eleven thousand dollars. In 1871-72, President Muhlenberg succeeded in securing, chiefly in Lehigh County, over twenty-four thousand dollars for the endowment of the Lehigh County professorship, while Mr. Amos W. Pot- teiger, of Reading, one of the trustees of the College, personally contributed three thousand dollars to the endowment fund. The panic of 1873 gave a severe blow to the finances of the institution, in that it swept away many of the subscriptions to the above endowment fund. The financial condition of the College became worse from day to day, and it was feared that the enterprise was hopelessly involved. Strenuous efi'orts had been made from the beginning through all these years to secure a financial agent, but no one was found 116 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. willing to undertake the arduous task. The appointment of Pro- fessor Theo. L. Seip, in 1876, and his especial success, raising in a little over a .year in cash and subscriptions for current expenses and endowment over thirty-three thousand dollars, greatly revived the hopes and confidence of its friends. His agency, however, being only temporary, and his duties in the College devolving upon the rest of the faculty during his absence, after having canvassed the territory of the Ministerium as far as it was open at the time, he withdrew from the agency and returned to the more congenial labors of his professorship. In 1879 Judge Packer, of Mauch Chunk, late President of the Lehigh Valley Eailroad, though not a member of the Lu- theran Church, but deeply interested in the education of young men, left a bequest of thirty thousand dollars to the College, and the board, in honor of the donor, devoted the amount to the endowment of the "Asa Packer Professorship of Natural and Applied Sciences." This generous bequest was a real God- send to the College in the hour of its greatest need. In 1880 the Ministerium, which had annually contributed a thousand or two thousand dollars towards the support of the institu- tion, on the occasion of the third centenary of the Book of Concord, and the three hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Augsburg Confession, resolved to endow the German professorship with twenty-five thousand dollars. Collections were ordered in all the congregations, the Eev. "William Waeker- nagel, then pastor at Mauch Chimk, was asked to give part of his time to instruction in German, and to solicit funds for the endowment of the German professorship. The amount realized by this effort, together with the bequest of two thousand dollars from Jonathan Deinninger of Eeading, amounted to six thou- sand four hundred and thirteen dollars and four cents. This amount was, during the present agency, increased by the Muhlenberg Memorial collections, in 1887, the centennial of the death of Patriarch Muhlenberg, to over eleven thousand dollars. The Ministerium has since annually, either by special collections or appropriations of six hundred dollars, provided for the salary of the German professor. During the summer of 1880, Pro- fessor Seip privately prosecuted his unwearied efforts in behalf HISTORICAL. 117 of the College, and secured from Messrs. Mosser and Keek the liberal donation of twenty thousand dollars in cash, for the endowment of the Greek professorship, which the Board, though contrary to the wishes of the donors, designated the " Mosser-Keck Professorship of the Greek Language and Literature." The donors reserved for themselves the privilege of increasing the endowment at any subsequent time, which they have since done. The revenue derived from these in- creased endowments did much to relieve the financial em- barrassments of the College, yet not sufficiently to make it self-sustaining. The interest on the funded debt of more than seventy-five thousand dollars was a heavy drain on the treasury ; deficits were constantly recurring, while the whole property was badly out of repair. Efforts to secure a financial agent were renewed. Temporary arrangements were made in 1884 with the Eev. Charles J. Cooper, pastor at South Bethlehem, to collect funds for current expenses. He was also appointed treasurer ^ro tern, the same year, upon the resignation of the Eev. Eeuben Hill, who had succeeded Mr. Jonathan Eeichard, the first and only treasurer of the College for seventeen years. In 1886, Eev. Cooper was called to move to Allentown and occupy one part of the College building and give his whole time and attention to the interests of the College as Treasurer and Financial Agent. Since then the whole property has been put into thorough repair at a con- siderable expense ; the debt has been reduced from seventy-five thousand dollars to less than fifty thousand dollars; the endow- ment of the German professorship has been increased ; Messrs. Mosser and Keck have added very generously ten thousand dollars to their professorship, besides giving over two thousand five hundred dollars to the removal of the debt. Of the three hundred and thirty-eight shares of stock, three hundred and nine have been transferred absolutely to the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and the College is able to meet its current ex- penses from the regular income, including the annual appro- priation of the Ministerium of one thousand dollars to the cur- rent expenses and six hundred dollars to the German professor's salary. 118 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. After climbing a steep and rugged hill, the institution has passed the last declivity and reached level ground. With the final removal of the debt, the income of the institution will warrant it to enlarge its faculty and increase its facilities, and prepare the way for still greater usefulness. The scheme to remove the final indebtedness includes the division of fifty thousand dollars into one thousand amounts of fifty dollars each; and individuals, congregations, Sunday-schools, Mission- ary, Ladies' Aid, and Young People's Associations are solicited to assume one or more of these fifty-dollar amounts and pay the same during the year 1892. The prospects are that in this way the entire debt will be cancelled by January 1, 1893. Plans for the future enlargement of the College have also been matured. It is felt that the grounds and present buildings are inadequate, that larger grounds and modern buildings must be secured, and, while the institution looks to the congregations to remove the debt, it will in the future look to individuals for large donations and bequests to realize the plans of removal and enlargement. The College has a valuable property, consisting of several acres of ground, with commodious, though very plain buildings, centrally located in Allentown, only two blocks from the Court- House, which at a moderate estimate is worth at least one hun- dred thousand dollars. It has accumulated an endowment fund during these twenty-five years, by bequests, gifts and collections, which now amounts to one hundred and thirty-four thousand dol- lars. The income from students, endowments, and the annual appropriations of the Ministerium of sixteen hundred dollars, averages about fifteen thousand dollars, sufficient to meet the current expenses as the College is at present constituted. But, on the other hand, the College has this debt of nearly fifty thou- sand dollars, which calls annually for three thousand dollars' in- terest, that ought to be saved and devoted to better purposes. The immediate needs, therefore, are fifty thousand dollars to can- cel this indebtedness and save three thousand dollars annually. The College needs additional professors, the Latin chair having been vacant for years, and with the three thousand dollars' interest saved this chair can be filled. "While the libra- HISTORICAL. 119 ries, cabinet, laboratory, and other appliances are quite respect- able, these should be enlarged and increased, and when the debt is paid this can be done also. PRESENT CONDITION. It only remains to present the present condition of the institu- tion, and its aims for the future. After the trials and struggles of a quarter of a century, Muhlenberg College is in a position to do even better work for the Church and State than it has done in the past, good and efScient as that has been. The present con- dition is one of solid work, thorough Christian training, an able and earnest faculty and methods of instruction that compare favorably with those of other institutions of a similar character more highly favored from a financial stand point and more numerous faculties. The future prospects of the institution are encouraging, and the opportunities to be offered to future generations of students will assuredly not be inferior to those of the past. THE FACULTY. The faculty, as originally constituted, has undergone nu- merous changes during the twenty-five years of the existence of the College, during which time eminent scholars have been connected with it. The present faculty consists of the following : Eev. Theodore L. Seip, D. D. (University of Pennsylvania), President and Professor of Moral Science, and Mosser-Keck Professor of Greek Language and Literature. Davis G-arber, Ph. D. (Ursinus College), Professor of Mathe- matics, Astronomy and Meteorology, and College Librarian. Eev. Matthias H. Eichards, D. D. (Pennsylvania College), Professor of the English Language and Literature, Mental and Social Sciences, and Secretary of the Faculty. Eev. "William Wackernagel, D. D. (University of Pennsyl- vania), Professor of the G-erman Language and Literature, and of History. Eev. John A. Bauman, ('73), A.M., Asa Packer Professor of ]Sratural and Applied Sciences. Eev. George F. Spieker, D. D. (Eoanoke College), Professor of Hebrew. 120 MUHLENBERG- COLLEGE. Eev. Stephen A. Eepass, D. D., Professor of Christian Evi- dences. Henry Herbert Herbst, (78), A.M., M. D., Professor of Physical Culture. Prof George T. Ettinger ('80), Ph. D. (University of New York), Principal of the Academic Department, Professor of Pedagogy, and Associate Professor of Latin. The assistants in the Academic Department are : Bphraim S. Dieter, M. E., Instructor in Mathematics and English Branches ; and Eev. Frank C. Oberly ('89), A. M., Assistant Instructor. The present COUESE or INSTRUCTION is as follows : Freshman Class. Greek. — Selections from Greek Historians (Goodwin's), Xen- ophon, Herodotus (Mather), Greek Prose Composition (Ar- nold's), Greek Grammar (Goodwin's). Jjatin. — Cicero's Orations and Letters (Johnston's), Livy's History (Lord's), Latin Prose Composition (Allen's), Latin Grammar (Allen and Greenough's). German. — Grammar (Joynes-Meissner's), Wackernagel's Eeader I., Declamations and Exercises in Writing. English. — Ehetoric (Clark's), with Lectures on Invention, The English Language (Meiklejohn's), Essays, Declamations. History. — Biblical History (Blaikie's), Ancient Universal His- tory (Fisher's). Mathematics. — Algebra (Sheldon's Complete), Geometry (Wentworth's). Science. — Physiology (Walker's), Zoology (Orton's). Sophomore Class. Greek. — Homer (Keep's), Plato's Apology and Crito (Wag- ner's), Greek New Testament, Greek Prose Composition, Ety- mology of Latin and Greek. Latin. — The Odes and Epodes of Horace (Chase and Stuart's), Cicero's Tusculan Disputations (Chase and Stuart's), or Cicero's De Senectute and De Amicitia, Latin Prose Composition (Allen's). German. — ^^Grammar (Joynes-Meissner's), Wackernagel's HISTORICAL. 121 Eeader II., Declamations, Translations into German, Composi- tions. English. — History of English Literature (Emery's Notes), Anglo-Saxon (Carpenter's), Piers Plowman, Essays, Declama- tions. -ffisior?/.— Mediseval Universal History (Fisher's), Church His- tory, History of the Bible. Mathematics. — Solid and Spherical Geometry (Wentworth's), Plane and Spherical Trigonometry (Eobinson's), Mensuration, Surveying, Conic Sections, Analytical Geometry (Eobinson's). Science. — Physics (Sheldon's Olnistead), Botanist and Florist (Wood's), Groff's Plant Analysis. Junior Class. Psychology. — Hill's, with Lectures. Natural Theology. — Text-book and Lectures. Greek. — Demosthenes de Corona, Prometheus, or Agamemnon of iEschylus, or Alcestis of Euripides, or the (Edipus Tyrannus of Sophocles, Greek and Eoman Literature and Biography. Latin. — Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetiea of Horace, Cicero de Oratore, or Cicero de Natura Deorum (Chase and Stuart), Original Latin Prose Composition. German. — Freytag's Soil und Haben (Bultmann), Schiller's Life and Works (Leipzig Edition), Lessing's Mina von Barn- helm, Essays. English. — Logic (Jevons-Hill), American Literature with Lec- tures, Chaucer, Spenser, Original Speeches, Extemporaneous Debates, Dissertations. History. — History of England (Montgomery's Leading Facts), Modern Universal History (Fisher's), Sacred History (Kurtz's). Mathematics. — Diiferential and Integral Calculus (Loomis'). Science. — Physics completed, Avery's Complete Chemistry with Experiments, Laboratory work in Qualitative Analysis (Jago's). Senior Class. Moral Science (Gregory's), Evidences of Christianity (Paley), Analogy of Eeligion (Butler's), Luther's Catechism (Mann and Krotel), The Augsburg Confession. 9 122 MUBLENBERG COLLEGE. United States Constitutional History (Porter's), American Politics (Johnson's), Political Economy with Lectures. Hebrew. — Davidson's Grammar with Practical Exercises. Greeli. — Phsedo of Plato (Wagner's), The Antigone, or Ajax of Sophocles, Greek Archaeology. Latin. — Tacitus, Juvenal, Persius, Plautus, or Terence, Origi- nal Latin Prose Composition, Eoman Archaeology. German. — Goethe's Masterpieces (Bernhardt's), History of Literature (Koenig's), Essays. English. — Shakespeare, Milton, Original Speeches, Extempo- raneous Debates, Dissertations. Mathematics. — Astronomy (Young's). Science. — Meteorology (Loomis'), Mineralogy (Elderhorst's Guide to Use of Blowpipe), Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology, Geology (Le Conte's), Laboratory work. The Academic Department embraces a three years' course. The design of this department of the College is to prepare stu- dents for entrance into the collegiate department, for business, as well as to give them the practical education and culture necessary for the various pursuits of life. After the full course of this department is completed the students are prepared to enter the Freshmen Class in College. GOVERNMENT, DISCIPLINE, ETC. A general statement of the principles of government, discip- line, and instruction may not be out of place in this connection, in order to show these in their proper relation to each other. Religion Believing an intellectual without a spiritual training to be a grave error, Muhlenberg College strives, throughout its entire course, to secure a proper study of religion as a science, as well as a consistent practice of it. Convinced also that a vague, general religious knowledge is ineffectual, it imparts and inculcates its instructions loyally and specifically, accord- ing to the standards of the Confessions of the Church which has founded and endowed it. The work of each day is begun with worship in the chapel, attendance at which is obligatory. At these morning services the Matin Service of the Lutheran Church is used. Attendance upon the morning service of some HISTORICAL. 123 specified church on the Lord's Day is also required, while con- nection with Sunday-school, as scholar or teacher, is recom- mended. Frequent occasion is taken in the routine of recita- tion or the opportunities of discipline to emphasize the dignity, worth, and duty of Christian character and church member- ship. Formal instruction in this department begins with Biblical History, Sacred History, and the G-reek New Testar ment. In the higher classes Church History, Christian Evi- dences, Butler's Analogy, and Luther's Catechism with Com- ments, conclude the course. Students whose spirit is alien to Christianity, or whose deportment is manifestly hostile or in- sidiously injurious, are neither desired nor permitted to remain whenever this fact is demonstrated by their conduct. Moral Science. — Moral truths are imparted in the lower classes as opportunity arises, from the sentiments of authors, ancient and modern, read in the course of linguistic and liter- ary study ; the aim of the faculty being to make their indi- vidual work supplement and strengthen, not antagonize or weaken, the influence or training of the other departments. In the upper classes. Natural Theology and Ethics proper are taught by means of text-books and lectures, or instructions additional to those of the manual employed. Accountability to God is made the basis of duty to man and accountability for self; the religious and moral aspects are, therefore, kept con- stantly in view of each other. Mental Science. — Logic and Psychology are given a full pro- portion of the student's hours during his collegiate course. His attention is aroused already in the earlier years, in an informal manner, while studying rhetoric, to the art of reasoning ; and also, as far as possible, to the nature of the intellect, by the correction of vague or false philosophical statements in recita- tion replies, or in his literary exercises. After the drill of mathematical studies in his first two years has prepared him for closer thought and attention, logic and mental philosophy en- ter into the course, in the junior year. The aim of instruction is to be thorough, intelligible, inspiring. All that can be asked in this direction in an undergraduate course is most carefully and patiently performed ; more is neither pretended nor intended. 124 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Social Science. — Convinced of the mischief a republic must incur if its citizens, especially its otherwise educated citizens, are ignorant of the principles and applications of social science, the study thereof is extended throughout the last two years of the course. The rise of free institutions and constitutional law is pointed out and enlarged upon in the study of history ; the principles of political economy are acquired, and their applica- tion is then made to our national situation, questions of the present time being discussed and the conflicting views as to their solution set impartially before the student. The consti- tutional history of the United States is taken up at the colonial charter and continued down to the last amendment of the national constitution. The political history of the nation is reviewed, and references given to such works as are accessible for fuller information ; debates are planned upon propositions involving original research or collocation of scattered authori- ties. While questions still forming in part the hostile issues of existing political parties are, of necessity, touched upon, care is taken to teach them abstractly, and as far as possible from any spirit or intention of partisan propagandism. The department of Languages is well balanced, the instruction thorough, and the opportunity for correct acquisition unequalled. Hebrew. — An elementary course has been introduced in Hebrew, as an optional study for the student in general, which is made obligatory upon those preparing for a theolog- ical course. The acquisition of grammatical forms, familiarity therewith, and the ability to do exercises of a simple chrestom- athy, are all that the course proposes to offer. Greek. — Muhlenberg College has not lost faith in the value of linguistic studies in general, nor of the classical Greek and Latin in particular. It fails to comprehend a degree of A. B. that has " little Latin and less Greek" implied in it. From the beginning of its career it has given full right and place to the modern languages, but it does not propose to abridge the place and privilege of the ancient tongues. The course in Greek embraces a careful drill in the forms and accidents, the prosody and syntax, etymologies and synonym es, and is made to contrib- ute its part to philological training. Instruction is given also HISTORICAL. 125 as to the literature and the biographical facts needed for a proper comprehension of the work assigned. The previously acquired knowledge of the student in ancient geography and the history of Greece is tested, refreshed, and amplified. Latin. — What has been said of the Greek is substantially true of the Latin department. As so much larger an infusion of words directly or indirectly derived from this language is found in the English vocabulary, a still more considerable philo- logical and comparative use is made of it. Eeading at sight forms a part of the method employed, and, as with the Greek also, much rendering from English into Latin. Original com- position is required as a sequence to the drill of the prose com- position text-book. German. — The study of the German Language and Litera- ture has always been a regular part of the College course. The department is given its full proportionate share of time and attention, and stands upon the same basis, in this respect, as Greek, Latin, or English. German is taught both as a living tongue to be acquired as a medium of communication and as a classical treasure-house of scientific, theological, and literary material, the key to whose wealth must be owned and readily used by the post-graduate student. Our experience enables us to assert that any student of respectable intellect and industry can acquire the facile use of this language for conversation, business, or discourse, by embracing the advantages offered him in this department. In addition to this practical study, a con- siderable portion of time is given to the direct study of German Literature, and of selected works of the greater authors. English. — Experience shows that frequently least is known of that with which men think themselves to be most familiar. A thorough knowledge of the language we speak, day after day, is as needful as it is unusual. College instructors find ap- plicants for admission, as a rule, poorly prepared in English, however carefully they have been drilled in mathematics and elementary science. Attention is called to this fact on the part of those preparing students for college. The college can- not do the work of teaching to spell, to punctuate, to read decently well, to express thought in simple but grammatical 126 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. sentences ; this must be done in the training-school, or the most painful efforts to build upon the foundation which has been reasonably assumed to exist will fail. The department begins its work with simple, but fully illustrated, lectures upon the art of composition. Invention, style, delivery, each in turn is thus discussed, illustrated, and required in exercises regularly recurring at frequent intervals. The philology of English is then studied, and selections from authors of the present cen- tury read for application of the principles learned, as well as for the quickening of thought and the enriching of the imagi- nation. The History of English Literature, and also of Amer- ican Literature, is part of the course. A series of carefully annotated text-books is studied, beginning with Piers Plowman, and Chaucer, and ending with Shakespeare and Milton. A short introductory study of Anglo-Saxon prefaces this series. Of equal importance with these are the following: Mathematics. — This department is fully represented during each year of the entire College course. The studies are more in quantity and extent than the average required in the ordi- nary classical course of most institutions ; nearly as extensive as are found in the undergraduate scientific courses. Ample space is provided for black-board work and demonstration ; frequent drill and full understanding of all work submitted are the requirements. The most modern and best text-books are used, or consulted, for improved methods or more ingenious processes. The course closes with the mathematics of Astron- omy. Eield work is required in surveying, and instruments are provided for this purpose. History. — The studies in this department are directed first of all to the acquisition of a fair outline knowledge of Universal History, the contemporaneous relations of the diiferent nation- alities, and the main current of power influencing civilization as it passes from one dominant empire to another. Next in order is the study of particular nationalities, notably the Eng- lish and the German, as most influential, politically and relig- iously, upon our national being, past and future. In this division ' of historical study attention is directed to the philosophy of history. In connection with the department of Eeligion, HISTORICAL. 127 sacred and church history are carefully studied to supply that knowledge of facts, biblical and churchly, so sadly lacking in some professions and learned callings, as well as among the uneducated masses. Natural Sciences. — Full and varied instruction is given in the sciences. The department is not a specialty upon any one science with but scant attention given to the rest, but is rounded out so as to provide for a good general foundation in all, which- ever may be subsequently pursued in a post-graduate course. Apparatus, cabinets, laboratory, and furnishings have all been provided to meet quite fully the needs of such a general course, and are regularly used in connection with class-room work. The laboratory is well equipped for a thorough course in ana- lytical chemistry ; for the study of zoology the cabinet contains over four hundred specimens, mostly of intervertebrates ; for geology, three hundred specimens of fossils and three hundred diiferent kinds of rocks ; for botany, over three thousand dif- ferent plants, and for mineralogy four hundred and fifty speci- mens. Field work is prosecuted during the proper seasons of the year in geology and botany. Instruction in all these departments is given exclusively by the professors. Text books are ordinarily employed, but freely supplemented. Students are encouraged to think for them- selves and to ask questions pertinent to the recitations, or seek additional information out of class-hours. The recitation hours are chiefly in the morning, and are so arranged that young men from the vicinity can come and return to their homes daily. A careful and just proportion of time is given to each department of study, so as to round out the course in all direc- tions. The object of the institution is a thorough collegiate preparation for professional study, — a full, fair education for manhood in whatever direction its life-calling may extend. More or less than this it does not believe to pertain to a " college education." Government. — The government is firmly but kindly adminis- tered. No unnecessary or arbitrary regulations have been introduced, but good order, obedience, and a general propriety of deportment are strenuously insisted upon, and no one per- 128 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. sistently disobedient or pernicious in his influence will be re- tained upon any condition. An entrance into the institution is considered an agreement in good faith to abide by its rules and regulations, and expulsion, necessitated by disobedience or immorality, a forfeiture of its advantages. It is, however, the object of the oflScers and instructors, by frequent counsel and friendly relations with the students, to avoid, if possible, the severer forms of discipline. Libraries. — Three libraries are accessible to the students : the College library and the libraries of the literary societies. The former is mainly a reference library, and is supplied with encyclopEedias, reviews, dictionaries, scientific and philosophical works, which it is hoped to augment from time to time. The society libraries contain fair selections of general and current literature, and are valuable collections. "While none of these libraries is imposingly large, the institution being young in years, it is believed that they are more than adequate for the necessities of the students during their college years. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. It is worthy of note that the Board of Trustees of the Col- lege has included, during the first quarter of a century of its existence, many of the most prominent and influential citizens of AUentown, as well as the most prominent laymen and most eminent clergymen from other parts of the territory of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, as may be seen by consulting the list of trustees, with their time of service, presented in another part of this volume. One notable feature deserves special mention, to wit : that the Eev. Joseph A. Seiss, D. D., LL.D., L. H.D., Amos W. Potteiger, and the Eev. F. J. F. Schantz, A. M., have been continuously members of the board since the estab- lishment of the College, and have given much of their valuable time to the institution and its interests. Muhlenberg College has always been jealous of its honorary degrees, and during its entire history has conferred the honor- ary degree of Doctor of Divinity upon only a few, to wit : the Eev. Professor T. N. Hasselquist, Eock Island, 111., 1871 ; the Eev. Professors G. and S. Fritschel, Waverly, la., 1879 ; the Eevs. HISTORICAL. 129 G. A. Hinterleitner, Pottsville, Pa., Professor Matthias Loy, Columbus, O., and Edward F. Moldenke, New York City, 1887; the Eev. C. F. Welden, Philadelphia, 1889; the Eevs. John Kohler, Leacock and A. J. Weddel, Norristown, Pa., 1890 ; Pro- fessor George Sverdrup, Minneapolis, Minn., 1891 ; Eev. Mahlon C. Horine, Beading, Eev. Eeuben Hill, Philadelphia, and Eev. H. C. Schmidt, Eajahmundry, India, in 1892 ; the degree of Doctor of Philosophy on Professor Edgar D. Shimer ('73), I^ew York City, 1887, and Professor George S. Fullerton, of Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, in 1892 ; the degree of Doctor of Laws on Eev. F. A. Muhlenberg, D. D., Eeading, Pa., 1887 ; and Eevs. G. F. Krotel, D. D., New York City, and William J. Mann, D.D., Philadelphia; and the degree of L.H.D. (Doctor of Lit- erature), on the Eev. Joseph A. Seiss, D. D., LL.D., Philadelphia. PEBSIDENTS AND PEOFESSOES. PRESIDENTS. Kev. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D.D. . Sept. 1, 1867-Deceinber 31, 1876. Eev. Benjamin Sadtler, D. D. . . . January 1, 1877-December 31, 1885. Eev. Theodore L. Seip, D. D. . . . Since January 1, 1886. PROrESSOES. Eev. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D., President and Professor of Greek, Mental and Moral Sciences, and Evidences of Christianity 1867-76. Eev. Edward J. Koons, A. M., Vice-President and Professor of Mathematics, Astronomy, and Physics 1867-70. Eev. William E. Hofford, Provisional Professor of Latin . . . 1867. Eev. Joseph F. Fahs, Professor of History 1867-70. Eev. Samuel Philips, Provisional Professor of English .... 1867. Thomas C. Yeager, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Botany. 1867-73. Eev. Theodore L. Seip, D. D., Principal of the Academic De- partment and Assistant Professor of Greek 1867-73. Professor of Latin 1873-77. Financial Agent 1876-77. Professor of Greek and Latin 1877-81. Mosser-Keck Professor of Greek 1881-86. President and Professor of Greek and Moral Sciences and Evidences of Christianity Since 1886. 130 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. Eev. Matthias H. Eichards, D.D., Professor of Latin 1868-73. Professor of English, History, Khetoric, and Political Economy 1873-74. Professor of English, History, Khetoric, etc 1877-87. Professor of English and Mental and Social Science . . Since 1888. Rev. Hans M. Eiis, Professor of German 1868. Eev. Jacob B. Eath, A. M., Professor of German (provisional) . 1869. Professor of History 1870-72. Eev. P. "William A. Notz, Ph. D., Professor of German .... 1870-73. Professor Davis Garber, Ph. D., Professor of Mathematics, As- tronomy, Physics, and Geology 1870-73. Professor of Mathematics, etc., and Chemistry 1873-81. Professor of Mathematics, Astronomy, and Meteorology . Since 1882. Eev. George P. Miller, A.M., Principal of the Academic De- partment 1873. Professor of German 1873-78. Eev. Eevere Pranklin "Weidner, D. D., Professor of English and History 1874-77. "William S. Herbst, M. D., Professor of Botany 1874^82. Eev. Benjamin Sadtler, D. D., President and Professor of Men- tal and Moral Science, and Evidences of Christianity .... 1877-85. Eev. Eeuben Hill, A.M., Assistant Professor of Greek .... 1877-79. Eev. B."W. Schmauk, A.M., Acting Professor of German . . . 1878-81. Eev. William "Waokernagel, D. D., Professor of German . . Since 1881. Edgar P. Smith, Ph. D., Asa Packer Professor of Natural and Applied Sciences 1882-84. N. "Wiley Thomas, Ph. D., Asa Packer Professor of Natural and Applied Sciences 1884-86. Eev. John A. Bauman, A. M. ('73), Asa Packer Professor of Natural and Applied Sciences Since 1886. Eev. George P. Spieker, D. D., Professor of Hebrew .... Since 1887. Eev. Stephen A. Kepass, D. D., Professor of Christian Evidences. Elected 1892. Henry H. Herbst, M. D. ('78), Professor of Physical Culture. Elected 1892. Professor George T. Ettinger, Ph. D. ('80), Principal of the Academic Department, Professor of Pedagogy, and Asso- ciate Professor of Latin Elected 1892. PEINOIPALS OP ACADEMIC DEPAKTMENT. Eev. Theo. L. Seip 1867-73. Eev. George P. Miller 1878. "William A. Beates 1873-78. Eev. A. E. Home 1878-83. HISTORICAL. 131 Kev. John Kohler 1883-85. George T. Ettinger Since 1886. INSTRUCTOES IN ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. Luther A. Swope, Tutor 1867-73. "William H. Kickert, Tutor 1867-69. Earnest Muhlenberg, Tutor 1868, 1871-73 R. P. Weidner, Tutor 1869-71. "William A. Beates, Tutor 1873-80. George P. Kribhs, Tutor 1874-75. Milton C. Henninger, Tutor 1875. "W. P. Shanor, Tutor 1877. Henry Carver, Professor of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Elocution 1878-79. P. K. Flood, Professor of History, Mathematics, etc 1878. "W. L. Blackman, Professor in Business Department 1878. C. !F. Hermann, Professor of "Vocal and Instrumental Music . . 1878-81. J. P. Beates, Assistant in Academic Department 1878-81. M. Luther Home, Assistant in Normal Department 1878-80. O. J. G. Schadt, Professor of Physiology, etc 1879. Eev. J. M. Hantz, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages, etc. 1880. E. S. Dieter, M. E., Professor in Normal Department and of Mathematics 1879-82. Mathematics and English Branches Since 1884. "W. H. Medlar, Assistant Professor in Normal Department . . 1880. J. H. Kitter, Professor of Drawing 1880-81. Joseph W. Mayne, Assistant Instructor 1880. George T. Ettinger, Professor of Ancient Languages 1881-85. Benjamin Sadtler, Jr., Instructor in Normal Science 1881. Kev. B. C. Snyder, A. M., Assistant Instructor in English and the Sciences 1882. Eev. Frank 0. Oberley, Assistant Instructor Elected 1892. BOAED OF TRUSTEES. PRESIDENTS OP THE BOARD. Hon. Eobert E. "Wright 1867. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D. (ex oflScio) 1867-76. Eev. William Kath, A. M 1876-86. George F. Spieker, D. D Since 1886. SECRETARIES OF THE BOARD. Kev. Edward J. Koons, A. M 1867-69. Christian Pretz 1869-74. 132 MUHLENBERG COLLEOE. Eev. Jacob D. Schindel, A. M 1874^86. Kev. Samuel A. Ziegenfuss, A. M. (70) Since 1886. TKEASURERS OF THE BOARD. Mr. Jonathan Keiohard 1867-83. Kev. Keuben Hill 1883-84. Eev. Charles J. Cooper, A. M Since 1884. and Financial Agent Since 1886. MEMBERS OP THE BOARD. (Elected by the Stockholders.) (Those marked with an asterisk are deceased.) Eev. Benjamin P. Apple, A. M., Bangor, Pa 1868-76. Eeuben Baer, Lancaster, Pa 1868-72. Eev. Ernest A. Bauer, Lehighton, Pa 1868-76. Eev. Edmund Belfour, Pittsburgh, Pa 1868-74. *WilliamH. Blumer, Esq., Allen town. Pa 1867-72. * Hon. S. A. Bridges, Alleutown, Pa 1868-76. * Eev. Samuel K. Brobst, AUentown, Pa 1867-76. *Charles'W. Cooper, Esq., Allentown, Pa 1867-76. *Hon. JohnN. Endlich, Eeading, Pa 1875-76. *H. H. Fisher, Esq., Allentown, Pa 1872-76. Eev. Jacob Fry, D. D., Eeading, Pa 1868-76. * Eev. Emanuel Greenwald, D. D., Lancaster, Pa 1868-76. Kev. Leonard Groh, A. M., Lincoln, Neb 1868-76. J. W. Grubb, Esq., Allentown, Pa 1875-76. *M. H. Horn, Esq., Catasauqua, Pa 1867-76. A. S. Keck, Allentown, Pa 1872-76. *Eev. Edward J. Koons, A. M., Eidgewood, Pa 1867-72. Kev. G. F. Krotel, D. D., LL.D., New Tork City 1868-75. Eev. John A. Kunkleman, D.D., Greenville, Pa 1872-76. E. G. Martin, M. D., Allentown, Pa 1872-76. *TilghmanH. Moyer, Esq., Allentown, Pa 1868-72. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D. D., LL.D., Allentown, Pa. . . . 1867-76. *H. E. Muhlenberg, M. D., Lancaster, Pa 1868-70. *H. H. Muhlenberg, M. D., Eeading, Pa 1868-76. *'WilliamMusser, Esq., Philadelphia 1868-72. * Christian Pretz, Allentown, Pa 1867-76. * Eev. Jacob B. Rath, A. M., Bethlehem, Pa 1868-76. * Kev. William Kath, Allentown, Pa 1867-76. Jonathan Keichard, Allentown, Pa 1867-76. *0. S. Eunk, Esq., Allentown, Pa 1875-76. William Saeger, Allentown, Pa 1867-76. Kev. William Ashmead Schaeffer, A. M., Philadelphia .... 1875-76. HISTORICAL. 133 Eev. F. J. P. Schantz, A. M., Myerstown, Pa 1867-76. Rev. Jacob D. Sehindel, AUentown, Pa 1874-76. *Eev. BealeM. Schmucker, I). D., Pottstown, Pa 1868-76. * Martin A. Seipel, AUentown, Pa 1868-76 Eev. Adolph Spaeth, D.D., Philadelphia 1870-75. B. P. Trexler, Esq., AUentown, Pa 1870-76. Horatio Trexler, Eeading, Pa 1868-74. A. Stanley Ulrich, Esq., Lebanon, Pa 1868-76. James Weiler, Lower Macungie, Pa 1868-70. Henry Weinsheimer, AUentown, Pa 1868-76. * Hon. Eobert B. Wright, AUentown, Pa 1867-76. * Eev. Joshua Teager, AUentown, Pa 1867-76. J. B. Zimmele, Bethlehem, Pa 1874-76. (Elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania.) Hon. Edwin Albright, AUentown, Pa Since 1886. Eev. Ernest A. Bauer, Lehighton, Pa (1868-76). Since 1876. Eobert Baur, Esq., "Wilkesbarre, Pa 1886-89. *P.G. Berndt, Egypt, Pa 1876-83. Eev. G-. D. Bernheim, D. D., PhiUipsburg, N. J 1887-92. Eev. Charles J. Cooper, A. M., AUentown, Pa Since 1876. * Charles W. Cooper, Esq., AUentown, Pa (1867-76), 1876-86. Eev. J. W. Early, A. M., Jersey Shore, Pa 1876-86. *Eev. IsaacN. S. Erb, A. M., ('70) Orwigsburg, Pa 1886-89. C. J. Erdman, Esq., AUentown, Pa Elected 1892. *EnoB Erdman, Esq., AUentown, Pa 1870-76. * Eev. William J. Byer.Catawissa, Pa 1867-74. * Isaac Fegley.Pottstown, Pa 1884-91. Jacob Pegley, Pottstown, Pa Since 1891. Eev. Frank E. Pry, A. M. ('85), Bethlehem, Pa Elected 1892. Eev. Jacob Pry, D.D., Eeading, Pa (1868-76), 1876-81. Eev. David H. Geissinger, Easton, Pa Elecj;ed 1892. * Eev. Emanuel Green wald.D.D., Lancaster . . . . (1868-76), 1876-81. Henry A. Grim, M. D., AUentown, Pa 1876-85. Hon.M. C. Henninger, A. M. ('74), AUentown, Pa 1889-92. Eev. Eeuben Hill, D.D., Philadelphia 1874-85. * Edward HiUiard, Easton, Pa 1870-74. Eev. G. A. Hinterleitner, D. D., Pottsville, Pa , . Since 1868. Eev. Mahlon C. Horine, D. D., Eeading, Pa Since 1887. Eev. Daniel K. Kepner, A.M., Pottstown, Pa Since 1889. * Lewis Klump, AUentown, Pa 1867-76. Eev. John Kohler, D. D., Leacock, Pa 1868-76. Eev. G. P. Krotel, D. D., LL.D., New York City (1868-75). Since 1881. Eev. J. J. Kuendig, Eeading, Pa 1868-76. 134 MVHLENBER& COLLE&E. Eev. Samuel Laird, D. D., Philadelphia 1881-86. Henry Lehman, Norristown, Pa 1876-86. B. B. Leisenring, Mauch Chunk, Pa Since 1891. Eev. O. Leopold, Allentown, Pa 1868-76. * Eev. William J. Mann, D. D., LL.D., Philadelphia 1868-76. » Eev. George P. Miller, A. M., Camden, N.J 1868-76. James K. Mosser, Allentown, Pa Since 1883. George H. Myers, Esq., Bethlehem, Pa Since 1887. *CharlesF. Norton, Philadelphia Since 1868-70. Eev. S. E. Ochsenford, A. M. ('76), Selinsgrove, Pa Since 1889. Eev. J. P. Ohl, A. M. ('71), Quakertown, Pa Since 1876. Eev. John K. Plitt, A. M., Philadelphia 1876-85. Amos W. Potteiger, Eeading, Pa Since 1867. * Christian Pretz, Allentown, Pa (1867-76), 1876-84. * Eev. Jacob B. Bath, A.M., Bethlehem, Pa (1868-76), 1876-85. *Eev. "William Bath, Allentown, Pa (1867-76), 1876-87. Jonathan Eeichard, Allentown, Pa (1867-76), 1876-85. Eev. S. A. Eepass, D. D., Allentown, Pa Since 1886. Alfred G. Saeger, Allentown, Pa Since 1885. Thomas "W. Saegar, Allentown, Pa Since 1886. Charles H. Schaeffer, Esq., Eeading, Pa 1876-89. Eev. Charles "W. Schaeffer, D. D., LL.D., Germantown .... 1868-76. Eev. P. J. P. Schantz, A. M., Myerstown, Pa. . (1867-76). Since 1876. Eev. Jacob D. Schindel, A. M., Allentown, Pa. . (1874^76). Since 1876. Eev. B. W. Schmauk, A. M., Lebanon, Pa. . . (1882-85). Since 1889. *Eev. BealeM. Schmucker, D. D., Pottstown . . . (1868-76), 1876-88. Eev. Jos. A. Seiss, D. D., LL.D., Philadelphia Since 1867. Hon. E. S. Shimer, Allentown, Pa Since 1868. Eev. Enoch Smith, Bethlehem, Pa 1885-92. Eev. Adolph Spaeth, D. D., Philadelphia (1870-75), 1876-82. Eev. George P. Spieker, D. D., Allentown, Pa Since 1885. L. K. Stein, M. D., Philadelphia 1870-76. Edwin H. Stine, Esq. ('75), Allentown, Pa Since 1889. Eev. G. A. Struntz, Wilkesbarre, Pa (1874-76), 1886-91. B. P. Trexler, Esq., Allentown, Pa (1867-70), 1870-76. J. J. Ueberroth, Esq., Priedensville, Pa 1868-70. A. Stanley Ulrich, Esq., Lebanon, Pa (1868-76). Since 1876. * Eev. J. T. Vogelbach, Philadelphia 1868-76. Eev. Jacob P. "Wampole, A. M., Shamokin, Pa 1876-89. Eev. Eevere P. Weidner, D. D. ('69), Chicago, 111 1876-83. Henry Weinsheimer, Allentown, Pa (1868-76), 1876-87. * Hon. EobertE. Wright, Allentown, Pa (1867-76), 1876-86. Eobert E. Wright, Esq., Allentown, Pa Since 1886. Eev. S. A. Ziegenfuss, A. M. ('70), Germantown, Pa Since 1883. HISTORICAL. 135 PEOFBSSOES AND STUDENTS. CI a ^03 YEAR ENDING so o § 1 1 S of 1 ^ tUO •sg o 1 a si 1 13 i 1 03 (1) ■Sg 1867 . . 7 2 115 115 115 1868. . 7 3 . ' i ' 2 ' 6 13 25 136 161 161 1869 . . 7 2 4 B 7 13 22 45 146 191 261 1870. . 7 2 7 7 15 16 24 62 108 170 321 1871 . . 7 2 14 14 13 18 18 63 79 142 366 1872. . 6 2 28 14 21 18 22 75 71 146 414 1873 . . 5 2 42 21 17 14 16 68 54 122 455 1874 . . 4 2 61 14 8 15 12 49 54 103 496 1875 . . 6 2 75 7 12 11 12 42 69 111 646 1876 . . 6 1 82 9 11 19 15 54 43 97 578 1877 . . 7 2 91 9 11 16 18 64 43 97 624 1878 . . 7 8 99 11 14 14 22 61 125 186 748 1879. . 7 7 109 12 12 20 22 66 127 193 827 1880. . 7 9 121 10 16 19 27 72 88 160 884 1881 . . 6 7 131 14 17 19 18 68 103 171 961 1882 . . 6 4 143 17 16 21 15 72 102 174 (1) 1034 1883 . . 6 2 160 14 20 13 23 73 49 122 (2) 1064 1884. . 6 2 175 20 13 20 20 74 34 108 (8J1096 1885. . 6 2 195 18 18 16 15 62 45 107 1131 1886 . . 6 2 208 16 13 12 15 56 63 119 1170 1887 . . 5 2 224 12 13 13 23 61 68 124 1222 1888. . 6 2 237 13 8 28 26 75 59 134 1278 1889 . . 6 2 250 8 26 23 22 79 72 151 1325 1890. . 6 2 258 22 18 17 34 91 52 143 1374 1891 . . 6 2 280 17 15 28 24 84 58 142 1423 1892 . . 9 3 296 15 22 23 25 85 55 140 1465 (1) Includes 3 post-graduates j (2) 3 post-graduates ; (3) 1 post-graduate. PROFESSIONS. Graduates, total number of, 296 Ministers 151 Theological students 21 Lutheran ministers 187 Lawyers 55 Physicians 22 Other occupations 55 Deceased 20 136 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Non-graduates, total number of, 219 Ministers, as far as ascertained, 26 Physicians, " " 26 Lawyers, " " 13 Unknown 154 Deceased, as far as ascertained, 18 Undergraduates, total number of, 82 Theology in view 26 Medicine " 2 Law " 4 Teaching " 4 Deceased 1 Undecided and unknown 43 Preparatoriaus, total number of, 842 Ministers, as far as known, 27 Physicians, " " 18 Lawyers, " " 4 Teachers, " " 3 Deceased, " " 9 Unknown 786 SPECIAL LECTUKES AND LECTTTKERS. In addition to the regular euiTiculum of studies, provision was made, from the beginning of the existence of the institu- tion, for two courses of lectures annually by gentlemen ap- pointed by the Board of Trustees, besides special lectures de- livered by members of the faculty. One of these annual courses was on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene ; the other on the Constitution of the United States. The latter course was de- livered annually, from 1867 to 1872, by Hon. Eobert E. Wright, of Allentown, Pennsylvania, a man who took a very great interest in Muhlenberg College, and did everything he could in order to advance its interests. After the year 1872 these courses of lectures were abandoned, owing, no doubt, to the financial difficulties of the College, until the year 1886, when Dr. Seip assumed control of affairs. He, by his influence and wise management, succeeded in restoring the lecture system without drawing upon the treasury of the College, but se- curing eminent men to give their services gratuitously to the College for the special benefit of the students. This feature HISTORICAL. 137 has since then been regularly maintained, and has become a source of instruction in specialties, recent topics of interest, and for general information upon topics not embraced in the ordinary departments of college w.ork. The following lectures have been delivered : During the Scholastic Year 1885-86. — " A Plea for the Chris- tian Ministry," by the Eev. Stephen A. Eepass, D. D., of Allen- town, Pa. ; " Sacred Philology," by the Eev. George P. Spieker, D.D., of AUentown, Pa.; "Hygiene," by William P. Muhlen- berg, A. M., M. D. ('68), of Eeading, Pa. During the Scholastic Tear 1886-87. — " Church History," by the Eev. G-otthardt D. Bernheim, D. D., of Phillipsburg, E". J., "A Christian Odyssey," by the Eev. Henry E. Jacobs, D. D. ; LL.D., Professor of Theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary in Philadelphia ; " Hygiene," by William F. Muhlen- berg, A. M., M. D. ('68), of Eeading, Pa. ; " Sacred Music," by the Eev. Jeremiah P. Ohl, A. M. ('71), of Quakertown, Pa. During the Scholastic Year 1887-88.— " William, the Pirst Emperor of Ee-united Germany," by the Eev. Adolph Spaeth, D. D., Professor in the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia ; " Egypt in the Time of the Israelitio Sojourn," by the Eev. Hermann V. Hilprecht, Ph.D., Pi-ofessor in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia ; " Health, or the Proper Care of One's Self," by William P. Muhlenberg, A. M., M. D. ('68), of Eeading, Pa. ; " The Musical Treatment of the Lutheran Matin and Yesper Service," by the Eev. Jeremiah F. Ohl, A. M. ('71), of Quakertown, Pa. During the Scholastic Year 1888-89.— " The Pennsylvania Ministerium," by the Eev. Gottlob P. Krotel, D. D., LL.D., of New York City; "The Geography of Luther Places," by the Eev. Jacob Pry, D. D., of Eeading, Pa. ; " Healthy Living for the Collegian," by Henry Herbert Herbst, A. M., M. D. ('78), of AUentown, Pa. During the Scholastic Year 1889-90.—" The Ethical Bearings of the Choice of a Profession," by the Eev. William J. Mann, D. D., LL.D., Professor in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia ; " The Life of the Family and State in Ancient Egypt," by the Eev. Professor Hermann V. Hilprecht, Ph. D. ; 10 138 MVBLENBERO COLLEGE. "Physical Culture," by Henry Herbert Herbst, A.M., M. D. (78), of Allentown, Pa. During the Scholastic Year 1890-91. — "Visible Speech Eluci- dated," by Alexander Melville Bell ; " The Holy Land," by the Eev. Jacob Fry, D. D., Eeading, Pa. ; " The Passion Play at Oberammergau," by the Eev. David H. Geissinger, Easton, Pa; " Hygiene," by Henry Herbert Herbst, A. M., M. D. ('78). During the Scholastic Year 1891-92. — " Physical Geography," by Professor Edwin J. Houston, A. M. ; " Sacred Music," by the Eev. Jeremiah P. Ohl, A. M. ('71), Quakertown, Pa. ; " Ideals of Education," by the Eev. Theodore B. Schmauk, A.M., Lebanon, Pa. ; " Hygiene," by Henry Herbert Herbst, A. M., M. D. ('78). PRIZES. The following prizes have been offered from time to time, by the benevolent persons whose names are here given. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by A. Stanley TJlrich, Esq., of Lebanon, Pa., for the best scholar in Mathematics in the Junior Class, 1870. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by S. Gross Pry, Esq., of Philadelphia, and the Eev. Jacob Fry, of Eeading, Pa., for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class, 1870. A prize of twenty-five dollars for the best German Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Sophomore Class, 1870. • For the Year 1871. — A prize of twenty-five dollars, by A. Stanley TJlrich, Esq., to the best student in Butler's Analogy in the Senior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by S. Gross Fry, Esq., and the Eev. Jacob Fry, for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by J. S. Grubb, Esq., of Philadelphia, for the best essay, as to manner and matter, on the subject of Physiology, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by J. C. Yeager, Esq., of Philadelphia, for the best essay on a subject in Chemistry, in the Sophomore Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars for the, best German essay on an historical subject in connection with an oral examination, in the Sophomore Class. A prize of HISTORICAL. 139 twenty-five dollars for the best examination in writing on the German Declensions in connection with an oral examination on the latter part of Eoman History. For the Year 1872. — A prize of twenty-five dollars, by A. Stanley Ulrieh, Esq., to the best student in Butler's Analogy, in the Senior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by S. Gross Fry, Esq., and the Eev. Jacob Pry, for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by J. S. Grubb, Esq., for the best essay, as to manner and matter, on a subject in Physiology, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by J. C. Yeager, Esq., for the best essay on a subject in Chemistry, in the Sophomore Class. For the Year 1873. — A prize of twenty-five dollars, by A. Stanley TJlrich, Esq., to the best student in Butler's Analogy, in the Senior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by S. Gross Fry, Esq., and the Eev. Jacob Pry, for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by J. S. Grubb, Esq., for the best essay, as to manner and matter, on a subject in Physiology, in the Junior Class. For the Year 1874. — A prize of twenty-five dollars, by A. Stanley Ulrieh, Esq., to the best student in all the studies, in the Senior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by S. Gross Pry, Esq., and the Eev. Jacob Fry, D. D., for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by Wm. H. Sowden, Esq., of AUentown, to the individual in the present graduating class whose speech shall be the best in manner and style, regardless of matter. For the Year 1875. — A. Stanley Ulrich's prize of twenty-five dollars to the best student in all the studies in the Senior Class. The Pry prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. For the Year 1876. — The A. Stanley Ulrieh prize of twenty- five dollars, to the best student in all the studies, in the Senior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. For the Year 1877. — The A. Stanley Ulrieh prize of twenty- 140 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. five dollars to the best student in all the studies, in the Senior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by a lady friend of the institution and of the church, for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. For the Year 1878. — A prize of twenty-five dollars in gold, by a lady friend of the institution and the church, for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. For the Year 1879. — A prize of twenty -five dollars in gold, by a lady friend of the institution and the church, for the best Eng- lish Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. A prize of twenty-five dollars, by Mr. T. H. Diehl, of the " Lu- therische Zeitschrift," Allentown, Pa., for the best examination in German Grammar, in the Sophomore Class. For the Year 1880. — A prize of twenty-five dollars, by Marcus C. L. Kline, Esq. ('74), of Allentown, Pa., for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Senior Class, excluding recipients of college honors. For theYear 1881. — A prize of twenty -five dollars, by Marcus C. L. Kline, Esq. ('74), for the best English Oration, as to manner and matter, in the Senior Class, excluding recipients of college honors. For the Year 1886. Senior Class. — The "Amos Ettinger Medal," by Professor George T. Ettinger ('80), Allentown, to that member of the class having attained the highest average grade during the year, in all his studies. The " Butler Analogy'' prize of twenty-five dollars, by the brothers Eev. C. L. ('78) and Prank P. Fry ('85), to that member of the class standing best in a competitive examination upon Butler's Analogy. Junior Class. — The " Oratorical Contest" prize, by members of the Alumni Association, to that member of the class making the best speech, as to manner and matter, at the Junior exhi- bition. The " German" prize, by friends of the institution, a gift of suitable books for the best essay and examination upon the same on an assigned subject. Sophomore Glass. — The "Eliza" prize of fifteen dollars, by the Eev. William A. Passavant, Jr. ('75), for the best essay on, " The Eeproduction of Plants," and a herbarium of twenty -five specimens illustrating the essay. The " German" prize, by HISTORICAL. 141 friends of the institution, of a suitable gift of books for the best essay, and examination upon the same. The " Scientific" prize of fifteen dollars, by a friend, for the best standing in examination upon some scientific subject connected with the studies of the year. Freshmen Class. — The " German" prize, by friends of the in- stitution, a gift of suitable books for the best essay upon an assigned subject, on examination upon the same. For the Year 1887. Senior Glass. — The " Amos Bttinger Honor Medal," by Professor Ettinger, and the " Butler Analogy" prize, by the brothers Eevs. Charles L. and Prank F. Fry. Junior Glass. — The " English Oratorical Contest" prize, by the Alumni Association. The " German Oratorical Contest" prize, by a member of Zion's Church, Philadelphia, fifteen dollars for the best speech in German, as to manner and matter, in the Junior Class. Also, ten dollars for the second best. Sophomore Glass. — The " Eliza" prize, for best essay and herbarium on " The Morphology of Leaves," by the Eev. "Will- iam A. Passavant, Jr. ('75). The "German" prize and the "Scientific" prize continued. Freshmen Glass. — The " German" prize. For the Year 1888. Senior Glass. — The " Amos Ettinger Honor Medal," the " Butler Analogy" prize, and the " German" prize. Junior Glass. — The "English Oratorical Contest" prize, and a " German" prize of ten dollars for the best German essay. Sophomore Glass. — The " Eliza" prize for the best essay on " The Epidermal Structure of Plants," by the Eev. "William A. Passavant, Jr. ('75). Freshmen Glass. — The " German" prize. For the Year 1889. Senior Glass. — The " Amos Ettinger Honor Medal," the " Butler Analogy" prize, and the " German" prize. Junior Class. — The " Alumni Oratorical" prize (the same as the previously offered " English Oratorical" prize). Sophomore Glass. — The " Eliza'' prize, for the best essay and herbarium on " Tbe Eanuncula," by Eev. "Wm. A. Passavant, Jr., and the " German" prize often dollars, for the best German essay. In 1889 Clemejitine L. (Ulrich) Nagle, of Lebanon, be- queathed the sum of five hundred dollars to the College, the inter- 142 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. est to be applied annually for the " Clementine L. Ulrich" prize of twenty-five dollars for the best oration by the Junior Class. For the Year 1890. Senior Glass. — The "Amos Bttinger Honor Medal," the " Butler Analogy" prize, by A. J. D. Wede- meyer, of New York City, and the " German" prize of fifteen dollars for the best German essay. Junior Glass. — The "Alumni Oratorical" prize, by the Alumni Association. Sophomore Glass. — The '' Eliza" prize, for the best essay and herbarium on " The Cruciferse," by the Eev. William A. Passa- vant, Jr. (75), and the " German" prize of ten dollars for the best German essay. For the Year 1891. Senior Glass. — The " Amos Ettinger Honor Medal," by Professor Ettinger, and "Butler Analogy" prize, by E. H. M. Sell, M. D., New York City. Junior Glass. — "Alumni Oratorical" prize, by the Alumni Association. Sophomore Glass. — " Botanical" prize for the best essay and herbarium on " The Order Eosaceae," by a friend of the insti- tution, and the " German" prize for the best declamation in the German language, at a contest for the same. For the Year 1892. Senior Glass. — The "Amos Ettinger Honor Medal," by Professor Ettinger, and " Butler Analogy" prize, by Cyrus E. Lantz, Esq., Lebanon, Pa. Junior Glass. — The " Alumni Oratorical" prize. Sophomore Glass. — The " Eliza Botanical" prize, for the best essay and herbarium on " The Order Liliacese," by the Eev. William A. Passavant, Jr. (75). SCHOLAESHIPS. Arrangements were made, early in the history of Muhlenberg College, by which individuals or congregations contributing one thousand dollars towards the endowment of the College receive a permanent scholarship, which secures to the con- tributor, his assigns, etc., the perpetual right of educating one student in the institution, free of expense for tuition, through- * out his collegiate course. The following is a list of donors having procured such scholarships : HISTORICAL. 143 Hon. S. A. Bridges, Allentown, Pa. ; James K. Mosser, Al- lentown, Pa. ; Andrew S. Keck, Allentown, Pa. ; Thomas Keck, New York, N. Y. ; Horatio Trexler, Beading, Pa. ; William Saeger, Allentown, Pa. ; Alfred G. Saeger, Allentown, Pa. ; Charles Burkhalter, New York, N. Y. ; Amos W. Potteiger, Eeading, Pa. ; Mrs. Sarah Miller, Allentown, Pa. ; A. Stanley TJlrich, Esq., Lebanon, Pa., and Eev. Aaron Finfrock, Womels- dorf ; A. S. Shimer, Preemansburg, Pa. ; John Wagner, Heller- town, Pa. ; William A. Arnold, Eeading, Pa. ; Samuel H. Kutz, Eeading, Pa. ; Eobert H. Sayre, Esq., South Bethlehem, Pa. ; Henry Stine, Pogelsville, Pa. ; Jacob Fegley, Pottstown, Pa. ; George H. Eeinoehl, Lebanon, Pa. ; St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Allentown, Pa. ; Trinity Evangelical Lu- theran Church, Eeading, Pa. (two); St. James' Evangelical Lutheran Church, Eeading, Pa. (two) ; Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, Pottstown, Pa. Prank Brdman Cooper scholarship, endowed by C. W. Cooper, Esq., in memory of his son, who at the time of his death was a student of the institution, held in trust by St. John's English Eeformed Church, Allentown, Pa. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg scholarship, endowed by Mrs. Mary A. Eogers and Mrs. Baily and her son, New York, N. Y., in honor of their ancestor, the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America. Henry and Anna Mary Eomig memorial scholarship, endowed, by Mrs. Isaac Fegley, Pottstown, Pa., in honor of her parents. Allentown High School scholarship, resulting from the sale of the "Old Academy" property, and vested in the Public School Board of Control, Allentown, is open annually to com- petition on the part of graduates of the High School, prefer- ence being given to members of the class most recently gradu- ating. The choice is made by a competitive examination conducted by the Board of Control. The Luther P. Keller, Jr., memorial scholarship of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, Pa., endowed by Luther P. Keller in memory of his son. The Clemmie L. Ulrich scholarship, endowed by herself for the use of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. HISTORY OF SOCIETIES IN MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1. BUTEEPEAlSr LITBEAET SOCIETY.* BY THE EEV. JOHN A. BATTMAN, A.M. ('73). When Muhlenberg College opened in tte fall of 1867, there came to the new institution students from older colleges and academies, who had enjoyed the advantages of literary societies. These students at once agitated the organization of such asso- ciations at, Muhlenberg. It was accordingly agreed to organize two societies and apportion the members of each class equally between them. This was done by lot. In this way the fol- lowing persons became the first members of the Euterpean Literary Society of Muhlenberg College : Class of '68 : W. E. Muhlenberg, L. A. Swope. Class of '69 : M. J. Kramlich. Class of '70 : I. N. S. Erb, W. K. Frick, W. H. Kuntz. Class of '71 : E. H. Beck, D. S. Hoffman, B. F. Knerr, A. J. Long, H. B. Strodach. Academics : F. Cooper, E. Hittle, H. Houskeeper, F. E!ramer, D. E. Eupley, E. Sullivan, and G. T. Weibel. To these eighteen were soon added others, so that on Janu- ary 8, 1868, the new Society had thirty-five members on its roll. The fifteenth of January was a noteworthy day, because on that day two persons who had been allotted to the Soph- ronian Society, viz., J. J. Kuntz and S. A. Ziegenfuss, united with the Euterpean, having, at their own request, been dis- missed by their former associates. * Por a large part of the early history of the Society, the author is indehted to the Eev. William K. Frick, '70, Milwaukee, Wis. 144 HISTORICAL. 145 The new Society organized September 11, 1867, with W. K. Frick as President, who, at the expiration of his term of office, was re-elected. A constitution was framed and adopted, a name chosen, which was probably suggested by Dr. Muhlen- berg, committees to solicit funds and books appointed, and the membei-s arranged in classes, so that each member once in three weeks would have some literary exercise. The burden of the work, at this incipient stage, fell upon the lower classes, for the members of the upper ones, expecting soon to leave College, had other projects to take up their time and attention. The classes of '70 and '71, however, and suc- ceeding ones, responded nobly to the demands made upon them, and the Society was soon in a flourishing condition. The impetus thus given was felt for many years. More than half of the new students were usually gathered into the Euter- pean, so that on January 8, 1868, it outnumbered its sister society. In 1878 it had acquired so large a proportion of the students at College, that, at the request of the Sophronian So- ciety for some action in the matter, the faculty on the 27th of November, 1878, passed a resolution forbidding both societies from taking in more than three-fifths of the members of any class. This restriction was to be in force four years, but it was rescinded October 26, 1881. Later on the Society lost its prestige, and for a while was weak in numbers and influence, but finally advanced, until it is now again well abreast of its active competitor, the Sophronian Society. PLACE OF MEETING. At first the Society held its meetings alternately in the first and second story class-rooms, but these soon proved to be too small, and the faculty were, therefore, on January 20, 1868, asked to assign it a larger room. The academic school-room thenceforth became its place of meeting. In 1869 it was hold- ing its sessions in its present hall, but as the early minutes are lost, the exact date of occupation cannot be given. The hall at present occupied by the Society has undergone several trans- formations and improvements, and is now well furnished and attractive in its appearance. 146 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. OFPICEES. The Society at its beginning had as its officers a president, vice-president, secretary, corresponding secretary, treasurer, two critics, librarian and assistant librarian. A little later there were added a vigilance committee and a library commit- tee. In 1879 a chaplain was added. Mr. T. M. Angstadt has the honor of being the first to fill this office. There are now, in addition to the above, a curator, an editor of the Budget, an editor, two assistants editors, and a manager of The Muhlenberg, and a finance committee. ENTERTAINMENTS. In order to improve the financial condition of the Society, it was in 1871 determined to undertake the management of a public entertainment. The necessary talent was engaged, and on March 24 the entertainment, consisting of recitations and musical selections, was given, and was well patronized. Elated by this success, it was resolved to repeat the experiment the following year, but though the entertainment given February 21, 1872, was good, it proved a financial loss to the Society, the expenses being fifty dollars more than the income. It does not seem that this method of filling (or emptying) the treasury was ever tried again. SESSION-TAX AND INITIATION FEES. The Society began by asking five dollars at the initiation of a new member and fifty cents as term dues. In 1868 the ses- sion-tax was raised to a dollar, in 1870 lowered to seventy-five cents-; in 1872 by the efforts of Howard Himmelwright and a few others it was raised to two dollars. In 1879 the initiation fee was fixed at three dollars and the session-tax at one dollar, at which figures it has remained up to the present. SOCIETY COLOR. The Society color is blue. It was adopted some time prior to 1873, but there is no record to show the exact date. In 1882 ' a committee was appointed to get up a design for a pin, but after considerable discussion the matter was dropped. HISTORICAL. 147 THE BUDGET. On Marcli 6, 1878, the minutes record the reading of a paper called The JEuterpean Star, the following week one called The Euterpean Echo. Occasionally afterward there is recorded the reading of such a paper as a voluntary performance, but it was not until ISTovember 15, 1882, that it was made an essential part of the exercises of each meeting. By motion of Mr. J. J. Foust, a committee of three were to be appointed by the presi- dent for this duty. Messrs. J. J. Foust, D. L. Eambo, and M. L. Home constituted the first committee. It seems for some reason or other the publication of a budget had been discon- tinued ; for on February 7, 1883, the president was enjoined to appoint an editor and two assistant editors to prepare a budget each week. Mr. J. J. Eeitz was appointed the first editor. LIBEAET. When the two societies were organized, there were on hand from the AUentown Collegiate Institute one hundred volumes. These were equally divided between the two societies. The members at once began the collection of books and of funds from their personal friends and from friends of the young in- stitution. The first vacation, Christmas, 1867, was especially devoted to this object and with gratifying success. On Janu- ary 2, 1868, one hundred and seventy dollars' worth of books was purchased for the Euterpean Library, and on January 8, there were three hundred and sixty-five volumes on the shelves. January 10 three hundred and ninety books were on hand and one hundred and four dollars and fifty cents in money. la 1869 again a special effort was made to increase the library and with success. In 1870 the Society made use of the privilege con- ferred upon it by the articles of incorporation of April 6, 1868 by borrowing two hundred dollars, in order to buy books for the library and make it a more efficient help to the members. Several times in the history of the Society money was bor- rowed for this purpose. By so doing books could be purchased at reduced rates, and the several classes could longer enjoy the use of them. 148 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. In this way, little by little, the shelves in the alcoves on the west side of the Assembly Hall, which were the first reposi- tories of the library, were filled, so that in 1873 more shelf-room was imperatively needed. The rapid increase of the library just at this time was owing to the two-dollar session-tax then in vogue. The faculty were then petitioned to assign the Society a separate room, to be fitted up for a library -room at the Society's expense. The petition was granted. A room on the third floor, nearly opposite the front stairway, became the future library-room of the society. Howard Himmelwright, the prime mover in the matter, C. J. Hirzel, and J. A. Bauman were appointed a committee to see to the fitting up of the room and the placing of the books upon the new shelves. The carpenter- work, including all materials except glass and locks for the doors, cost one hundred and thirteen dollars. Shelves were constructed on the east and north sides of the room. On April 9, 1873, the books were arranged in their proper places. There were then eleven hundred and thirty-seven volumes. In 1875 this number had increased to twelve hundred and twenty-five. By constant additions the library outgrew the shelves originally put up. Messrs. J. "W. Mayne, D. J. M. Kuntz, and J. K. Eeinoehl were accordingly appointed, January 29, 1879, to see to the putting up of shelves on the west side of the room. June 16, 1886, the number of books had in- creased to nineteen hundred and eighty-six, and January 1, 1892, the library contained twenty-one hundred and fifty-one volumes. As it is now constituted, the library embodies the standard works of poetry, fiction, biography, history, science, travels, and reference, sufficient for the needs of students taking a general course, such as the college aims to give. Up to the time of the occupation of the new library-room in 1873, there was no alphabetical catalogue, nor a topical one. The only catalogue was one which gave the titles of the books in the order of their numbers from one up. The work of forming a topical and at the same time an alphabetical cata- logue was undertaken by J. A. Bauman, one of the committee before mentioned appointed to fit up the new room. This HISTORICAL. 149 catalogue sufSced until 1888, when Messrs. George S. Kleckner and W. A. Deily, class of '90, were appointed and paid by the Society to re-catalogue the library during the summer vacation. The books are arranged according to their subjects, by alcoves. CABINET OF MINERALS, ETC. The Society, early in its history, began the collection of minerals, zoological and archseologieal specimens, and after the library had been removed from the Assembly Hall to a separate room, the shelves thus made vacant were utilized for the specimens on hand and afterwards collected by the dili- gence of the members. In 1873 one hundred and twenty- eight specimens were catalogued. There were, January 1, 1892, two hundred and twenty-eight specimens in the cabinet, many of them of considerable interest and importance. "the MUHLENBERG." On December 5, 1883, a committee consisting of Messrs. H. C. Pox, O. B. Pflueger and C. E. Wagner was appointed to see the Sophronian Society with respect to publishing con- jointly a monthly College Journal. The idea met with favor, and accordingly, a week later, C. B. Wagner was elected editor, Messrs. C. 0. Beyer and Stanley Krebbs, assistant editors, and Oscar B. Pflueger, business manager for the new enterprise on the part of the Euterpeans. It was soon made obligatory upon all members of the Society to subscribe for the monthly. The Society also pledged itself to bear half the expense of publication. In conjunction with the Sophronian Society, the Buterpean on April 14, 1886, placed a handsome Bible on the reading-desk of the chapel, for use at morning worship. REUNION. On February 13, 1878, by motion of Mr. D. H. Eeiter, of the class of '78, it was agreed to hold a reunion of the Society, June 27th of commencement week. Messrs. D. H. Eeiter, J. N. Wetzler, and G-. Wucherer were appointed a committee to draw up a program and engage speakers for the occasion. 150 MUELENBER& COLLEGE. Former members were invited to take part in the exercises. The meeting took place in the Assembly Hall on the afternoon of Wednesday, June 27, 1878. W. F. Muhlenberg, '68, pre- sided ; Eev. M. J. Eramlich, '69, was recording secretary, and Professor W. A. Beates, '72, was appointed treasurer. The exercises were opened with prayer by Eev. I. N. S. Erb, '70, after which J. N. "Wetzler of the junior class delivered an address of welcome. Eev. M. O. Eath, '72, then read a his- torical sketch of the Society. He was followed by the repre- sentatives of the various classes, as follows : Eev. S. A. Zie- genfuss, '70 ; Eev. J. H. Neiman, '71 ; Oscar Meyer and Eev. A. P. Pflueger, '73; O. E. Holman, Esq., '74; N. J. Miller, '75; J. P. Losch, '77. Eev. H. T. Clymer, '76, then read a poem, after which the undergraduates were represented by J. K. Eeinoehl of the Junior, J. Becker of the Sophomore, and J. "W". Mayne of the Freshmen Class. These were followed by im- promptu speeches by Eev. W. K. Frick, '70 ; Eev. H. If. Peters, '71 ; Professor "W. A. Beates, '72, and Eev. H. N. Pegley, an honorary member. Contributions were then received from the members present, and Professor Beates was instructed to invest the funds in books for the library. RELATIVE NUMBERS, ETC. Up to January 1, 1892, of the three hundred and eighty- eight college students who had attended Muhlenberg, two hundred were Euterpeans. Of the sixty-five prizes given, thirty-eight were carried off by the Euterpeans. Of twenty- five first-honor men, thirteen were Euterpeans. There were twenty-seven second honors given; eleven of these fell to Euterpeans. Of the fifteen third honors granted, six were given to Euterpeans. Of the five alumni who are in the Board of Trustees, four are Euterpeans. To this summary the editor of this volume takes the liberty of adding that of the three alumni who are at present members of the faculty two are Euterpeans, and the instructors in the Academic Department are both Euterpeans. HISTORICAL. 151 2. SOPHEONIAN LITBEAEY SOCIETY. BY PEEDEEICK DOEEE ('92). Associations for improvement in literary culture, and the discussion of various topics, belong not alone to our age. His- tory records that so early as the days of Aristotle there was in the suburbs of Athens a primitive literary society. In the fifteenth century, likewise, there was such a society at Eome under the title of the Academy. Not until the times of Charles II. were these associations popular in England. In America literary societies are concomitant with the founding of the older colleges. To-day almost every college recognizes the advisability of having such. At some, their attendance is compulsory, while at others it is left altogether to the discre- tion of the student. It is but the inevitable that a body of ambitious and enthusiastic young men would not fail to discern the need of organizing associations for their self-improvement in rhetorical and literary exercises. In just such, treatment far different from that which is received under a parent's roof is made use of; thereby many a one has been better fitted to meet life's difficulties and realities. They are, as it were, man's diamond-cutting establishment. The majority of the students who came to Muhlenberg Col- lege in the fall of 1867 were in no wise strangers to such or- ganizations. The higher classes were made up of young men who came from institutions where literary work was not neg- lected. Hence, being cognizant of their advantages and bene- fits, they soon realized the feasibility of organizing like associa- tions at the newly-founded seat of learning. When means were devised how best to organize these, the students met in one of the large recitation-rooms of the original building. It was decided to organize two societies, and each to receive an equal number of members. The difficulty of determining who was to make up these was settled by choosing them by lot. The accusation, at times, has been made that the Sophronian So- ciety about this time was very inferior to the other society. 152 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. If such be true, the fault cannot be that of ours, but of the system of selecting the members. That the accusation, how- ever, is not grounded, the following account can hardly fail to establish. When the Society was first organized, members of the Academic Department had the privilege of becoming mem- bers as well as College students. Those who were selected to make up Sophronia's number organized themselves into a literary society on September 11, 1867. For their motto they selected a Greek one, — to TeXo<; o-Te^evei ro epyov, — "The end crowns the work." It is greatly to be regretted that a definite account of our Society's organization cannot be given, since its minutes have been missing for some years. Prom an alumnus it has been learned that Luther A. Swope had the honor of being the first president. The Collegian, a journal published at that time by the Franklin Society, informs us that the follow- ing members of the College classes were Sophronians : E. A. Muhlenberg and W. K. Eicket, '68 ; Eevere F. Weidner, '69 ; F. W. Butler, '70 ; J. L. Epler, M. L. Fritch, C. H. Keller, E. A. Loehman, O. P. Smith, and H. Woodward, of the class of '71. Those of the Academic Department were C. M. Anstett, A. Blank, S. J. Brobst, D. L. Coleman, S. B. Hudson, W. H. Huns- berger, Gr. Keck, M. J. Kline, G. Kauifer, W. H. Laubenstein, W. A. Lichtenwalner, J. F. Metzger, S. Mcllvain, F. D. Eaub, G. H. Ehodes, H. E. Leitzinger, W. P. Snyder, A. S. Sterner, H. Trexler, A. M. Vogtang, J. Weaver. George D. Foust, '69, and John W. Eumple, '70, were also members of Sophronia, but were not members, however, of College when the Society was organized. John J. Kuntz and Samuel A. Ziegenfuss were chosen into Sophronia's number, but soon withdrew on account of certain diflSculties, and connected themselves with the Eu- terpean Society. After their withdrawal both societies passed motions not to permit students to withdraw themselves from ■ their society and connect with the other. PLACE OF MEETING. The meetings at first were held in different recitation rooms. ^ Those coming from other institutions were accustomed to meet in a permanent and more commodious room ; hence, they very HISTORICAL. 153 soon became dissatisfied with the arrangement. Consequently a petition was presented to the authorities requesting a larger and more permanent quarter. They in due time assigned them their present halls. The hall of the Sophronian Society was ready for occupancy by the latter part of 1869. The furnish- ing of this large hall must have been considerable of an under- taking for the founders. From a letter written by G-. D. Poust after his graduation to an attending member, it has been learned that the Society had quite a weight resting upon its shoulders. To several citizens of Allentown the Society is greatly indebted for assisting them at a time when it was so greatly needed. That the hall when finished did not present a mean, but rather an attractive, appearance can be judged from the amount of money that was expended for its furnishing. For a new Brussels carpet, chairs, president's desk, and other necessary furnishings, almost four hundred dollars were ex- pended. This hall has been carpeted and papered quite a num- ber of times since then. Likewise many other improvements have been made, — such as new pictures, heavy damask cur- tains, and the like. The four hundredth anniversary of Martin Luther's birth was properly commemorated by the Sophronians. The bust of the great reformer was procured during the anni- versary year, which adds very much to the appearance of the hall. The artistically designed marble pedestal on which the figure rests was presented by Mr. P. F. Eisenbrown, proprietor of the Eagle Marble and Granite "Works, of Eeading, Pa. For this deed of kindness the Society is greatly indebted. A mani- festation of such an indebtedness was shown by passing a vote of thanks to the donor. The bust was unveiled on December 19, 1883, with appropriate exercises. LIBRARY. Sophronia, from the very beginning of its existence, recog- nized that a literary society would not be complete unless it had a library. Measures for the procuring of the same were very soon advanced. On account of the scarcity of funds, the condi- tion of the library, when first opened, was not what the average to-day college student might desire. Nevertheless, a beginning 11 154 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. was made, and they could hope for a better state of affairs. That their hope was soon realized can be learned from the librarian's report of 1871, which shows that we were then the owners of eight hundred books. The purchasing of the most of these, besides the money expended for the furnishing of the hall, necessitated an outlay of not much less than one thousand dollars in a period of three years. The library's condition was also augmented by having quite a number of volumes pre- sented. Space does not permit us to make mention of those who so kindly presented us with the same. During the first year of its existence two hundred dollars were expended for books. The library is located on the third floor of the college building. By the year 1874 the number of volumes was such as to necessitate the making of new closets and shelves. This improvement cost the Society over one hundred and twenty-five dollars. Several years later more closets and shelves were added. The librarian reports that the number of volumes cat- alogued at present is about seventeen hundred. Among these are some very valuable and expensive books. Although the number is not what older and larger institutions can boast of, yet it can furnish any student's wants. PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENTS. The citizens of AUentown and the friends of the College very soon were given an opportunity of witnessing Sophronia's public exhibitions. If report be true, these were very credit- able from the beginning. The first public appearance was a concert in the Court-House, on the evening of March 23, 1871. Almost one hundred and fifty dollars were realized from the sale of tickets. Several public meetings, which consisted of orations, essays, and music, were held at different times in the Court-House. On the evening of December 12, 1883, an open meeting was also held in the College chapel. One of the enjoy- able features of this meeting was the music, which was rendered by the Society's glee-club. In connection with the Buterpean Society, several open meetings were held at different times. The last public meeting held by any of the societies at Muhlen- berg was given by our Society on the evening of February 15, HISTORICAL. 155 1889, in Music Hall. Mr. John W. Horine, the valedictorian of the class of '89, presided. The citizens and friends were also given an opportunity of hearing different distinguished lecturers. SOCIETY JOTTRNAL. Prom the time that the literary societies began the publication of a monthly journal, Sophronia has always been identified with the same. Besides this, the Society used to print a small jour- nal under the title of the Public Mirror, which made its ap- pearance about commencement time. Judge Dana delivered an excellent address before the Society on February 2, 1881. The Society had the same printed, and a copy was sent to the different honorary members. DEATHS. Death's reaper also came within our territory and cut down C. E. Bastian, of the class of '77. He departed this life on October 30, 1876. The members attended his funeral at his home at Trexlertown in a body, and wore a badge of mourning for thirty days. Those whose voice no more can be heard within our classic walls are Eev. George D. Foust, '69 ; Henry Woodward, Esq., '71 ; Eev. William H. Laubenstein and Eev. George H. Ehodes, '72 ; Eev. Julius A. J. Zahn, '73 ; Preston M. Gernet, Esq., '78 ; Eev. Charles S. Seaman, '79 ; Jonas F. Kline, Esq., '80; Daniel E. Brunner, '85 j and Harry K. Weaver, '86. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. Some of the customs and practices which now are in disuse were, whenever the Society had occasion to appear in public, the president was marshal, and wore a white velvet sash, trimmed with silver braid and fringe. The members, on such occasions, wore a white silk badge. A fine of twenty-five cents used to be imposed for the wearing of boots in the Society hall when meetings were in session. The wearing of a gold pin was in- augurated in 1882. The same was very beautifully wrought, and was generally worn. At present the pin is not worn by any of the attending Sophronians. The initiation fee at first was five dollars, and the session-tax two dollars a session. 156 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Now the initiation fee is three dollars, and the session-tax one dollar. Some years ago the practice was inaugurated to place the photographs of those Sophronians who received the distinction of first honor on the Society's walls. At this time quite a number of such add to the hall's appearance, yet not all who received that honor have forwarded their photographs to the Society. Our largest membership was in 1890, when fifty-four members were enrolled. The class of '89 should be known as a Sophronian class, since all but one were Sophronians. Eev. John J. Kuntz was the first alumnus to send a son to his alma mater. The same, last year, was a member of Sophronia. Luther A. Swope, a Sophronian, was the valedictorian of the first class to graduate at Muhlenberg. Eev. Professor Eevere F. Weidner, D. D., thus far, is the only alumnus of Muhlen- berg to be honored with the title of D. D. Hon. G-eorge F. Kribbs, a loyal Sophronian, is the only son of his alma mater who has the distinction of representing his State at Washington. Although the honor is not ours to have the greater number of alumni members, yet three hundred and five persons have subscribed their names to our Constitution. Our misfortune so frequently has been to lose members who either were trans- ferred to other institutions or discontinued their studies. It can hardly be expected that an institution which dates back but twenty-five years should have a great number of graduates who have achieved for themselves distinction and fame. Neither can the same be expected of a society that has been in existence for the same period of time. And yet Sophronia has many who have honored both themselves and their alma mater. Some of these are : Dr. Weidner, of the class of '69, has won for himself a Continental reputation. He not only is a voluminous writer, but lectures in the college at Eock Island, 111., and the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Chicago. Eev. O. P. Smith, of the class of '71, is Pottstown's popular pulpit orator. Eev. John A. Scheffer, of the class of '72, is the business manager of the Church Messenger, besides writing . many articles for various church papers. The class of '73 con- tains many of whom we can well be proud. Eev. George H. HISTORICAL. 157 Gerberding, through his books, " The Way of Salvation in the Lutheran Church," and " New Testament Conversions," has not only made a name for himself, but likewise has rendered a great service to his church. Perhaps no church book is better read than the former. Eev. Luther D. Eoth likewise wrote several very valuable works. His latest is " Acadie and- the Acadians." Eev. Julius A. J. Zahn, deceased, was an able professor at Thiel College. Professor Prank D. Eaub is the efficient principal of the Allentown High School. Eev. George G. Kunkle not only was an able teacher, but does equally as well as a preacher. The class of '74 is honored by Hon. Milton C. Henninger, a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, and James L. Schaadt, Esq., Allentown's able lawyer. The class of '75 produced a very able and useful man in the person of Eev. William A. Passavant, Jr., the well-known Home Missionary Superintendent of the General Council. Eev. Professor John Sander, of the class of '77, teaches at St. Peter, Minn. Of the class of '78, Lancaster's popular pulpit orator and Henry H. Herbst, M. D., have been deservedly successful. It is very evident that many of our younger graduates will not fail to earn a place in history. The. Society, at present, is in a very flourishing condition. The hall was carpeted and redecorated last year, and presents a very attractive and tasteful appearance. The condition of our library is also all that can be desired. The present mem- bership is thirty-nine. Five young men by the name of Miller are attending Muhlenberg at present, and, strange to say, they are all members of Sophronia. Of the outgoing class, which numbers fifteen, we will lose but six members. The meetings of the Society are held every Wednesday afternoon at half- past one o'clock. The literary exercises consist of essays, ora- tions, debates, impromptu speaking, and the Budget, a journal of wit and humor. The first and last meeting of each session is devoted to business alone. Although the Society, at present, is in a very flourishing and promising condition, yet it has had its turbulent and troublesome eras, — has, in fact, not always sailed over smooth waters. The men at the helm, however, always were equal to the occasion. We lived over our crises, 158 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and, as is generally the case, are stronger because having had to pass through such days. With such a past, it can safely be said that our motto — The end crowns the work — was not selected in vain. 3. PEANKLm SOCIETY. BY PKOPESSOK DAVIS GAEBEK, Ph.D. The Franklin Society or Eeading-Eoom of Muhlenberg Col- lege was established in the year 1868. The object of this Society is to furnish its members with the newspapers and periodicals of the day. The oflScers are a president, vice-president, secre- tary, treasurer, and two curators. The duties of these officers are defined in the Constitution and By-Laws of the Society. Any student or instructor of the institution can become a member of the Society by paying, in advance, an annual fee agreed upon by said Society. The following papers are sent to the Society, free of charge: The Zmtheran, Workman, Lutheran Observer, Church Messenger, Lutheran Standard, The Young Lutheran, Lutheran Cynosure, Merold und Zeitschrift, Missionsbote, Zeuge der Warheit, Mont- gomery Ledger, Perkiomen Valley Press, N"orthampton Demo- crat, AUentown Daily City Item, and Chronicle and News. The following are at present received by subscription : Philadelphia Ledger, Press, and Times ; New York Herald, World, and semi- weekly Evening Post; Beading Daily Eagle; Puck, Judge, Texas Siftings, Detroit Free Press, Sarper's and Leslie's Week- lies ; Century, Harper, Scribner, and Forum Magazines ; Scien- tific American and Supplement. The following are the names of the Presidents of the Society since 1874 : John "W. Albrecht, D. Henry Eeiter, Charles S. Seaman, James P. Beates, Harvey A. Weller, Luther M. McCreery, William E. Grim, John J. Kline, Albert B. Erb, Prank P. Pry, John H. Waidelich, Tilghraan P. German, James P. Lambert, Prank C. Oberly, David J. Gimlich, Henry H. Hower. Professor Davis Garber has been Treasurer since 1877, and Professor M. H. Eichards Secretary since 1879. HISTORICAL. 159 Of the advantages derived from such a society it is scarcely necessary to write. The influence of the press in educating the people and in moulding opinion on the topics of the day is known to all observers of passing events. Students as well as professors should keep abreast of the times, and this can only be done by having access to daily papers and magazines. In a pecuniary point of view the advantages of the Society are also great, as the members have all the above papers within reach, for a small sum, ranging from one dollar and twenty-five cents to one dollar and fifty cents per year. 4. MISSIOISTAEY SOCIETY. BY THE KEY. WILLIAM WACKEENAGEL, D.D. The present " Muhlenberg College Missionary Society" is the successor of the " Pranckoan Missionary Society." The Pranc- kean Missionary Society, composed of students of the collegiate classes, came into organized existence in March, 1883. Its first officers were H. J. Kuder, '84, President; S. G. Weiskotten, '84, Vice-President ; P. P. Pry, '85, Eecording Secretary ; B. P. Krauss, '84, Corresponding Secretary; A. L. Breinig, '84, Treasurer; and W. J. Pinck, '84, Chaplain. The Constitution and By-Laws of the Society are not available. The minutes were kept until November 19, 1884. The last entry mentions "W. Weicksel, '85, as President, G. Schettler, '87, as Chaplain, and Geo. Gebert, '88, as Secretary. The reasons for the early disbanding of the Society are not known ; but the last minutes state that "the meeting adjourned satisfied that good work had been done." " The Muhlenberg College Missionarj'^ Society" was organized April 19, 1888. The object is, 1. " A reviewing and fostering of the missionary spirit among the students by means of the study and discussion of subjects relating to general mission work; 2. Engaging in such practical missionary work as may be within its limits of activity ; 3. Contributing such offer- ings for the furtherance of missions as each member may feel 160 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. inclined." All those connected with the institution (the Academic Department included) are entitled to membership. The officers — i.e., the president, the secretary, and the treasurer — are elected semi-annually, whilst the vice-president, who at the same time acts as chaplain, is appointed by the faculty from its own mem- bers. Eegular monthly meetings are held during the scholastic year and open meetings from time to time, in order to present the cause to the whole College community and its friends and neighbors. The exercises consist mainly of reading of select missionary news and of addresses on missionary subjects. The vice-president has the privilege of addressing the meeting every time. One hundred and twenty-two names are on the roll of the Society. The meetings are usually well attended. The first officers of the Society were J. B. Heil, '89, President ; F. C. Oberly, '89, Secretary ; and C. Eausch, '89, Treasurer. Dr. Wackernagel was appointed Vice-President and Chaplain by the faculty, and has been in office ever since. On January 31, 1889, the Society resolved to organize a mis- sion school in the northwestern part of the city. This school, known as " St. Stephen's Lutheran Sunday-school," was opened March 12, of the same year, in the Seventh Ward Public School-House, where it has remained until the present time. All the male teachers and a fair number of the young men in the Bible Class are members of the Society. The chief agitator in the enterprise was J. H. Eaker, '89. The vice-president of the Society is the permanent Superintendent of St. Stephen's Sunday-school. His assistant is Alderman F. T. L. Keiter, of the class of '84. The Sunday-school has bought ground, one hun- dred by one hundred and twenty feet, North Fourteenth Street, for a chapel, and has already paid off four hundred dollars, or two-thirds of the price of the lot, with the help of the Sunday- school, Young People and Missionary Societies of St. Michael's, St. John's, and St. Peter's Churches in Allentown, the College Missionary Society contributing a respectable share of its own. Considerable money has been paid towards missionary enter- prises. The Society is taking special interest in the noble work of Eev. B. T. Keever, '86, at Seattle, Washington. HISTORICAL. 161 5. LOWELL LITBEAEY SOCIETY. The Lowell Literary Society was organized by the pupils of the Eirst Division of the Academic Department at the beginning of the Eall Term, September, 1891. Until this time the pupils of this department had been connected with the literary so- cieties of the Collegiate Department, since the establishment of the College ; but they realized that it would be more profitable to them if they would have their own society. Having received permission from the proper authorities, they organized a society, bearing the name of the distinguished Lowell. -The exercises of the Society are of the same character as those of the two societies of the College, consisting of devo- tional services, debates, essays, select readings and other features of a literary character. The meetings are held every Friday evening in the large room of the Academic Department. The officers are elected for a number of weeks, as required by the constitution, according to which the affairs of the Society are regulated. The exercises are conducted by the students them- selves, who are greatly benefited by the independent action afforded in this way. The instructors in this department attend some of the meetings of the Society during each term, and realize that the time devoted to these literary exercises is well spent. The Society will be made a permanent part of the Academic Department of the College. 6. HISTOEY OE THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. BY PKOP. GEORGE TAYLOK ETTINGEK, Ph.D. ('80). ORGANIZATION. On June 30, 1870, a number of graduates of Muhlenberg College and of Pennsylvania College met in the College chapel for the purpose of organizing an Alumni Association, whose chief aim should be to promote the interests of the young in- stitution named after the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America. Of this meeting Professor M. H. Eichards was chair- 162 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. man and John W. Rumple was secretary. A committee, con- sisting of one member from each class, was appointed to frame a constitution, and it was furthermore decided that all gradu- ates of Pennsylvania College leaving its Alumni Association could unite with this organization. ALUMNI PROFESSORSHIP. On June 26, 1873, Messrs. W. F. Muhlenberg, E. F. Weidner, W. K. Frick, B. F. Knerr, J. M. Uhrich, and J. A. Bauman were appointed " to see whether an Alumni Professorship of Elocution can be established." The minutes of June 25, 1874, contain lengthy resolutions to the effect that twenty-five thou- sand dollars be raised for the establishment of an Alumni Pro- fessorship, and that as soon as ten thousand dollars are raised the Association request permission from the Board of Trustees to nominate an incumbent for said chair. This plan was satis- factory to the Board, and the Alumni Association was asked to raise the amount necessary to support one professor during the year. June 24, 1875, it was resolved to raise six hundred dol- lars for the support of a professor during the following year, and Eev. Eevere F. "Weidner was chosen Alumni Professor. The following year this arrangement was discontinued, but committees were appointed from time to time to solicit sub- scriptions for the Alumni Professorship. This fund, whose interest is at present devoted to the partial support of a pro- fessor of the College, has reached the sum of four thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars, of which seven hundred dollars are classed as doubtful. CONTRIBUTIONS TO LIBEART. In 1874 twenty -five dollars were voted to the College library, and in 1885 fifty dollars were given to Professor Eichards for the benefit of the same cause. PORTRAITS OF FORMER PRESIDENTS. Through the efforts of the Alumni Association two excellent oil portraits of Eev. F. A. Muhlenberg, D. D., LL. D., and Eev. « Benjamin Sadtler, D. D., former presidents of Muhlenberg, now adorn the College chapel. HISTORICAL. 163 JUNIOR PKIZE. Since 1885 the alumni have annually offered a prize of twenty-five dollars for the best oration, as to matter and manner, to be delivered by a member of the junior class. REPRESENTATION IN THE BOARD OP TRUSTEES. As early as 1875 the Association expressed a desire to be represented in the Board of Trustees. For a number of years clerical alumni were elected to the board, but it was not till about 1888 that, in response to another request from the Asso- ciation, the Ministerium of Pennsylvania recognized the lay element by electing to the Board of Trustees representative graduates in other professions. NEW CONSTITUTION. According to the Constitution of 1871 the oflScers were elected annually. This method was in vogue until 1881, when it was decided to elect officers every three years. In 1887 a new Constitution was adopted, by which the Association is still governed. REUNIONS AND ADDRESSES. Since its organization, whenever it was possible, the Associa- tion has had an annual address delivered by an alumnus or some distinguished speaker from abroad. For several years reunions in connection with the graduates of the Allentown Female College were also held. The recent very successful banquet at the Hotel Allen was the first of a series to be held every three years. We must not forget to mention the very enjoyable " alumni suppers" of former years, before they were displaced by the present commencement collation. PRESIDING OFFICERS. Since the organization of the Alumni Association the follow- ing gentlemen have presided over its deliberations in the order mentioned : Professor M. H. Eichards, Luther A. Swope, Dr. W. F. Muhlenberg, Eev. I. E". S. Erb, Eev. J. W. Eumple, Hon. M. C. Henninger, Eev. W. A. Beates, E. H. Stine, Esq., C. 164 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. ■ F. Camp, Esq., O. B. Holman, Esq., Eev. M. J. Kramlich, Eev. M. L. Zweizig, Eev. O. P. Smith, Dr. H. H. Herbst, and Eev. S. B. Ochsenford. PRESENT MEMBERSHIP. Although many more have joined the Association from year to year, its present active membership embraces about one-half of all the alumni of Muhlenberg. It is most earnestly hoped that every graduate will consider it not only a duty, but a pleasure, to aid the Association, by his counsels and his contri- butions, in its endeavors to promote the progress and efficiency of Muhlenberg College. "Were each of the three hundred graduates to contribute according to his ability the Alumni Professorship would be fully endowed, and prove itself an honor to the Association and a blessing to the College. Much has been done. More can be done. Let us do it. "THE MUHLENBERG." BY THE KBV. PEANK M. SEIP, A.M. ('87). Early in the history of the College, when college journalism was extensively agitated in the many institutions of the land, an attempt was made by the students of Muhlenberg to pub- lish a journal, and the Franklin Literary Association issued some numbers of a small paper named The Collegian. Failing to receive the necessary support, it was discontinued after a few months' existence and the College was without a journal until the spring of 1883. Desirous of leaving some memorial behind them, the class of '83 founded the Muhlenberg Monthly and defrayed the expense of issuing the first number, which appeared in June, 1883. Mr. Charles B. Keck was elected the first editor, who, aided by an able corps of associates, and by the students and alumni, and encouraged by the authorities of the institution, succeeded in presenting to the public a very creditable Vol. I., No. 1. The several departments following were represented: Lit- erary Articles, contributed by professors, alumni, and students ; Editorials, Alumni l!fotes. College Locals, and Personals. In the fall of 1883 the Monthly was enlarged by the addition of several pages, a new department, — exchanges being added, and the contributed matter increased. The subscriptions and advertisements being insufiScient to defray the expense of its publication, the Monthly was placed under the fostering care of the Euterpean and Sophronian Literary Societies in December, 1883, since which time the societies instead of the classes have elected the editors and managers to conduct the affairs of the journal. Until the close of the year 1885 the Monthly was octavo in size ; the January, '86, number appeared as a small quarto, and 166 166 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. an edition of one thousand copies was issued. This large edi- tion was owing to the pubhshing of the inaugural ceremonies of President Seip, and was consequently exceptional. Yet the size then assumed has continued to the present, excepting that it is now issued with uncut edges. In October, 1888, the name Monthly was dropped and the title. The Muhlenberg, was adopted, which name it still bears. In the early part of 1886 a very creditable index of all the matter included in the first three volumes and a half was col- lected by Editors Prediger and Kohler. It is the only effort of the kind yet made, as the example of the above editors has not been emulated. It would be well to issue an index at the end of every volume. As already stated, the journal early passed from class to society patronage and supervision. The change was a wise one; for, as the societies promptly met all deficits, it was possible to continue the publication of the monthly uninter- ruptedly, until it became financially self-sustaining. Although the editors deserve all praise for their noble efforts in establishing the journal and maintaining its high standard of excellence, to the business managers belongs the credit for making The Muhlenberg a financial success ; for it was by their untiring energy in striving to advance its interests, both by soliciting subscriptions from the alumni and friends and adver- tisements from the generous business men of Allentown, that the receipts (including the financial aid of the literary socie- ties) have at last grown to balance the expenditures. Pinan- cially the life of The Muhlenberg has been somewhat similar to the life of the College. Although not always as wise as desirable in its locals and personals, and sometimes even in its editorials. The Muhlenberg has been a credit to the College and a stimulus to the students. It compares very favorably with the journals of other institu- tions. Especially worthy of note is the fact that brawn has not been exalted in its columns at the expense of brain. The comparative absence of athletic news and the publication of so much matter that is of sterling value speaks well for the management of The Muhlenberg and well for the students. HISTORICAL. 167 We need but peruse the many excellent articles and editorials which fill the pages of The Muhlenberg, to learn the character of the College and the character of the writers and readers of its journal. The essays and orations from the pens of students will grow in interest and value as time advances. The ad- dresses and lectures by representative men before the students are here preserved for us in a permanent form. The contribu- tions of professors, alumni and friends, so freely and willingly furnished, have provided most edifying reading. Much valu- able information upon a multitude of subjects may here be found. It is particularly gratifying that The Muhlenberg, although freely voicing the sentiments of the students, has at no time clashed with the authorities of the institution. Pounded to promote the good name and welfare of the College, it has from the beginning faithfully supported every onward move. As the object and interests of The Muhlenberg are one with the College, may this harmony continue, and The Muhlenberg move on in its honorable work and grow in influence and usefulness with increasing years. Following is a list of the editors-in-chief: C. E. Keck, '83 H. C. Fox, '84; B. P. Krauss, '84; C. E. Wagner, '84; A. M Mehrkam, 85 ; P. P. Pry, '85 ; A. M. Weber, '85 ; E. E. Johnson '85 ; S. ]Sr. Potteiger, '86 ; J. H. Waidelich, '86 ; G. A. Prediger, '86 ; B. P. Kohler, '86 ; E. A. Butz, '87 ; P. E. Dry, '87 ; P. M.. Seip, '87 ; G. Gebert, '88 ; W. P. Bond, '88 ; G. E. Ulrich, '88 J. P. Lambert, '88 ; J. W. Horine, '89 ; G. S. Kleekner, '90 P. C. Oberly, '89; E. O. Leopold, '89; B. B. Lewis, '90; M. G, Schaeffer, '90; D. J. Gimlich, '90; M. J. Bieber, '91; M. S Harting, '91 ; W. W. Kistler ; '91 ; H. J. P. Seneker, '91 ; E. D, Meixell, '91 ; O. P. Bernheim, '92 ; E. W. Beysher, '92 ; B. H, Traflford, '92 ; L. Wise, '92. III. BIOGRAPHICAL. 12 169 A. THE FACULTY. 1. THE PEESIDENTS OF THE COLLEGE. PEEDBEICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBEEG, D.D., LL.D., First President of the College. BY THE EEV. HENEY EYSTEE JACOBS, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Systematic Theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. Of the three sons of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, all of whom entered the Lutheran ministry, Henry Ernst, the youngest, alone devoted his entire life to its service. Sent to Germany to pursue his education, when only in his tenth year, trained in the Orphan House at Halle, and afterwards entering the University at the same place, he returned to America in 1770, and the same year was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, when only seventeen years old. After serving as assistant in the mother-church in Philadelphia and as pastor in New Jersey, he was called, in 1780, to Trinity Church, Lan- caster, Pa., where he remained pastor until his death, in 1815. He was in his day one of the most prominent and active mem- bers of the Ministerium, having served it both as secretary and president. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Princeton College. Besides being, throughout his life, a faithful student of theology, he attained great emi- nence as a botanist, and the marks of his influence will be found in the scientific names of some species of plants which are called after him. He conducted a large correspondence, and among those who visited him, because of common scientific interests, was the distinguished naturalist, Alexander von Hum- boldt. His work on "Grasses," written in Latin, is still a high authority. Dr. Muhlenberg was for years the president of 171 172 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Franklin College, at Lancaster, an institution then under the joint care of the Lutheran and Eeformed Churches. Of his two sons, one, Henry A. Muhlenberg, D. D., was for twenty-eight years pastor of Trinity Church, Eeading, and afterwards Eepresentative in Congress, United States Minis- ter to Austria, and, at the time of his death, candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania. His other son, Frederick Augustus, studied medicine under Dr. Benjamin Eush, graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, and practised throughout his life at his native place, Lancaster, Pa. In addition to eminence in his profession, Dr. Muhlenberg was always active in the interest of Trinity Church, of which he was for many years probably the most influential member, and of the Lutheran Church at large. He was a trustee of Franklin College, and it was largely through his exertions that in 1850 the division of its funds was made between the Lutheran and Eeformed, part going to found the Franklin Professorship in Pennsylvania College, G-ettysburg, and the rest forming the nucleus of Franklin and Marshall College. Dr. Muhlenberg was for many years a trustee of Pennsylvania College. He died in 1867. His wife was Miss Eliza Schaum, granddaughter of Eev. John H. Schaum, a graduate of Halle, who came to America to aid the Patriarch Muhlenberg, and faithfully served congregations in New Jersey, at York, Pa., and in Montgomery County, Pa. The first president of Muhlenberg College is, therefore, pre- eminently a child of the Lutheran Church. He is a son of Frederick A. Muhlenberg, M. D., and was born at Lancaster, August 25, 1818. He entered the Sophomore Class of Penn- sylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., among its very first students, in 1833, but remained there for only a year. He became a student of Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1835, and graduated the succeeding year. Jefferson College was under the care of the Presbyterian Church, but it furnished a num- ber of students for the Lutheran ministry. Among them were Eev. D. Jacobs, first teacher in the Gettysburg gymna- sium, from which Pennsylvania College sprang ; his brother, afterwards Dr. Muhlenberg's colleague at Gettysburg, Professor BIOGRAPHICAL. 173 Michael Jacobs, D. D. ; Professor W. M. Eeynolds, D. D., after- wards an Episcopalian ; two college-mates of Dr. Muhlenberg, Eev. W. A. Passavant, D. D., and Eev. G. A. Wenzel, D. D. ; Eev. S. K. Brobst and Eev. W. P. Euthrauff, besides Professor David Gilbert, M. D., for many years one of our most prominent laymen. The president of the College during all those years was Eev. Matthew Brown, D.D., grandfather of Professor M. B. Eiddle, D. D., late of Hartford Theological Seminary. Dr. Brown's influence left a lasting impression upon all his pupils, even though many shrunk from his rigid Calvinism. The high character of the institution is attested by the large number of eminent names, both in Church and State, of those who were educated there, prominent among them being the present Secretary of State of the United States. He spent the year 1837-38 at Princeton Theological Seminary, where he enjoyed the instruction of Drs. Archibald Alexander, Miller, Charles Hodge, and J. Addison Alexander. After teaching for a time in a private academy, in 1839 he became professor in Franklin College, Lancaster, above mentioned, where he remained until 1850, It was largely through his advice that the movement was made which resulted in the separation of the two interests in the College. The same self-sacrificing spirit was manifested that has characterized so many subsequent acts of his life, as the result was that he left his home, where he otherwise might have remained for life, for Gettysburg. He was nominated by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania to the professorship which he there filled, and which was known as " The Franklin Professor- ship of Ancient Languages." While this was the title, the in- struction in Latin was given by Professor Stoever, and Dr. Muhlenberg's strength was devoted to the Greek. Besides instruction in Greek for a large portion of the time, he in- structed the Freshmen in mathematics. While at Gettysburg, in the year 1854, he entered the ministry, having been ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Dr. Muhlenberg's seven- teen years at Gettysburg were important ones for the College. As his pupil for five years of that time, the son of one of his colleagues, and his successor, after a vacancy of three years, in the Franklin professorship, the writer had especial opportuni- 174 MVHLENBER& COLLE&E. ties for learning his influence. His presence at Gettysburg was hailed with joy by the best friends of the. College, as drawing to it the support and confidence of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, which at that time was not in the General Synod. It was regarded as one of the steps towards the union within that body of the separated parts of the church. Nor were such hopes baseless, as the result proved. The number of students from east of the Susquehanna and the congrega- tions of the old Synod largely increased. The successful trans- fer of his professorship was followed, a few years after, by the endowment of the German Professorship of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the College, as the result of the laborious canvass of the congregations of the mother Synod by that indefatigable agent, Rev. Benjamin Keller, to which first Dr. Mann, and afterwards Dr. C. F. Schaeffer, were elected, the latter removing to Gettysburg in 1857. Por years the only two endowed chairs in the College were those occupied by the nominees of the Ministerium. Dr. Muhlenberg labored for Pennsylvania College with no other idea than that its service was his life-work, and fully expecting that in it a strong insti- tution for the entire Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania would be firmly established. He was aided by the generosity of mem- bers of his family, especially by Hiester H. Muhlenberg, M. D., of Eeading. The first telescope of the College was a present from the latter. The library of the college, of which Dr. Muh- lenberg was librarian, was enriched by the gift of the books of Hon. H. A. Muhlenberg and of Eev. Emmanuel Schultze, and the gift, after purchase by Dr. H. H. Muhlenberg, of the books of Eev. J. E". Hoffman, who died as pastor of Trinity Church, Lancaster. Through his influence, also, the library of Eev. J. C. Baker, D. D., was given to the College. He was also exceedingly generous in gifts of volumes from his own library, as his name in books of both the College and the Phrenakos- mian Library will show. He personally established the first prize given in Pennsylvania College. The Freshmen prize, still awarded there, is from the proceeds of his own endowment, although for more than a score of years the prize was awarded before the source whence it came was known except to a very BIOGRAPHICAL. 175 few. The Historical Library of Gettysburg contains a number of manuscripts of the Patriarch Muhlenberg, which were in the same way generously contributed. All who were students under Dr. Muhlenberg at Gettysburg will bear witness to the high esteem with which he was per- sonally regarded, as to his thoroughness as a scholar and his skill as a teacher. He always gave his classes the matured fruits of most conscientious preparation. He was always him- self advancing, as a student, and, therefore, readily held the attention and stimulated the interest of his pupils. The latest works bearing on his department, without regard to cost, were constantly procured and utilized. He was in the truest sense of the term " a live teacher," and, without any injustice to his colleagues, the writer must testify that to no teacher is he so deeply indebted for inspiration as an investigator, for close and accurate methods of thought, and for introduction into proper modes of instruction. Students were never repressed when they asked reasonable questions. An answer was never evaded when the teacher was not prepared to give it ; but if it required research, sooner or later it was sure to be at hand. The hu- mility of the true scholar was manifest in all his relations to his students ; he did not try to leave the impression that he was omniscient, but simply that he was in advance of them. Due allowance was made for boyish mirth ; and within proper bounds the smile and even the loud laugh were not suppressed, when they came naturally in the midst of the earnest and severe drill of the class-room. The recitations were, it is true, long, and required most toilsome work ; but we do not regret now that we had often to devote three hours to a recitation in Homer or Euripides. Those long lessons were often a consola- tion when our own pupils began to shudder, and we could look with satisfaction to the old marks in our books showing how much more we had been required to do. In the pulpit of the College Church Dr. Muhlenberg was a most instructive preacher. His sermons were expositions of Holy Scripture, in which his experience and methods as a teacher were throughout manifest. He taught the simple truth of the Gospel in such a way, without any attempt at eloquence 176 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. or oratory, that all could understand and retain it. Following faithfully the perieopes of the church year, his treatment of them frequently recurs as they come yearly to view. As a Bible-class teacher his instruction was always highly prized. During the battle he was a sufferer. After the first day's en- gagement was over, in which a shell pierced the house in which he was living, and Gettysburg was in the hands of the enemy, he was robbed and his life threatened ; and on the second day, with his wife and children, he passed through the lines, on a tedious walk of many miles under a July sun, before he could find a con- veyance to carry them to their relatives beyond the Susquehanna. When the movements for establishing a college at AUentown were in progress, all eyes were turned to Dr. Muhlenberg as the proper person for its presidency. But it cost no little struggle for him to leave Gettysburg. The call, as it first came, was duly considered, and after a visit to AUentown, declined. It was afterwards repeated, and, under assurances which we fear were more cheerfully made than energetically fulfilled, it was finally accepted. Dr. Muhlenberg's work in Pennsylvania College came to an end with the commencement of 1867. The Board of Trustees passed resolutions testifying to his efficiency and expressing their regret at his departure, and at the same time conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. The work of organizing a new college would under any circumstances be a most formidable undertaking. A faculty has to be chosen thoroughly harmonious, and such as will inspire confidence, and bear comparison with those of long- established and well-endowed competitors ; the means have to be provided for their support; the utmost energy must be employed in gathering in students, and in securing for them suitable accommodations ; above all, a board of trustees, few of whom have had any experience with the inner life of a college, have to be prudently instructed as to what is necessary, and be infused with enthusiasm as co-laborers. Where there is no endowment to start with, and entirely inadequate buildings, almost crushing responsibilities have to be assumed, besides the severe tension of overwhelming work to supply deficiencies in the teaching force. If, in addition to this, the constituency be BIOGRAPHICAL. 177 not entirely homogeneous, and such questions as those of the relative position of two different languages as the medium of insti-uetion have to be settled, the work is of such magnitude that its results cannot be adequately judged within a decade, or even a score or two of years. Such was the work of Dr. Muhlenberg at Muhlenberg College. It bore a striking contrast to the quiet habits of the study and the class-room at Gettys- burg. It is one of the objects of this volume to present the results of this part of his life, and into it we need not enter. Of it we may simply quote : Si quceris monumenfum circumspice. After nine years' service in Muhlenberg College, in 1876 he was elected Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and entered upon his duties in January, 1877. This situation afforded him the rest which he much needed from the more exacting duties of the presidency, and again offered him the opportunity for more scholarly pursuits. While the situation was not one in which he directly served the church, yet his work in Philadelphia was of much importance also to these interests. A number of young men who have since entered the Lutheran ministry were his pupils at the University. Among them might be named Eevs. G. C. H. and J. A. W. Haas, Professor A. G. Voigt, T. E. Schmauk, G. C. Gardner, G. 0. Eisenhardt, H. D. E. Sie- bott, and T. W. Kretschmann. It is a rare thing for our Semi- nary to be without graduates of the University of Pennsyl- vania among its students. Prom the very beginning of the University the Lutheran Church has been prominently repre- sented in its government. Among Dr. Muhlenberg's colleagues in the faculty were the vice-president, Dr. Krauth, and the prominent Lutheran laymen. Professors L. M. Haupt and S. P. Sadtler, while Dr. C. W. Schaeffer was a member of its Board of Trustees. Among Dr. Muhlenberg's predecessors as mem- bers of the University faculty were such distinguished scholarly Lutheran clergymen as Eev. Drs. J. C. Kunze and J. H. Hel- muth. During his residence in Philadelphia he was a member and took an active part in the proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. After the death of Dr. Krauth he de- livered an extended and appreciative address on the life and 178 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. work of his distinguished colleague. The various church in- terests in the city were vigorously supported by his presence and influence. It was in large measure due to his tenacity and the courage with which he inspired his fellow-members that St. Stephen's Church in West Philadelphia was tided over a very serious crisis, when it was in danger of sinking under an almost hopeless burden of debt. He was always ready to aid pastors in the pulpit and in administering the communion, and was called into frequent service at church consecrations, laying of corner-stones, and other extraordinary occasions. During his professorship at the University, the honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him almost contemporaneously in 1881 by Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., and Muhlenberg College. Resigning at the University in 1888, he continued for over a year to reside in the city, using his increased leisure in in- creased activity in the general interests of the church. He was one of the most regular members of the Lutheran Pastoral Association ; and the exegetical discussions received new inter- est when such a master of the Greek language and life-long student of the New Testament in its original was added to those who, from week to week, were discussing the First Epistle to Timothy. In the fall of 1888 he delivered an elabo- rate lecture on " Melanchthon," in St. Mark's Church, which was repeated a few weeks later before the Martin Luther Society in New York City. This was followed shortly after- wards by a lecture to the Swedish Lutherans on the early Swedish colonization efforts in America. During the same period The Lutheran was enriched by a number of valuable articles from his pen, while several extensive papers were fur- nished The Lutheran Church Meview. A severe domestic afB.iction, rendering his residence with his son at Reading for a time necessary, he removed thither early in 1890. Here the same activity characterized him as in pre- ceding positions. Attending Trinity Church, an adult Bible- class was organized, where his instructions were highly appre- ciated by large numbers, while his pulpit ministrations to neigh- boring congregations were received by the people with great BIOGRAPHICAL. I79 acceptance. While at Eeading, his labors as chairman of the General Couneil's Committee on Church Extension were com- pleted by the successful arrangement whereby the already established Lutheran Mission and Church Extension Society entered upon a career of far wider support and interest. As soon as Dr. Muhlenberg's resignation as Professor in the University had been reported in the early spring of 1888, and months before it had gone into effect, his former pupils in the Board of Trustees of Thiel College, Greenville, Pa., rejoiced in the prospect of the possibility of securing his services as pres- ident. "When, after mature consideration, he shrank from under- taking the labor and responsibility of the office at a period of life when he could justly claim that he needed relief from such a severe strain, he was elected Professor of the Latin Language and Literature. As he found himself unable to remove at the time from Eastern Pennsylvania, this was also, after a visit to Greenville, and a strong desire to enter upon the work, reluc- tantly declined. When the presidency became vacant again, in the summer of 1891, he was once more urged to undertake it. This he decided to do temporarily, and began his labors there in September of that year. His presence was followed by the strengthening of confidence in the College, and by a new spirit of interest in the students. There had been an interval of a year since the departure of the former president, and the resig- nation of the acting president of the preceding year and his removal to his former position in Newberry College, South Carolina, was an additional disturbing feature. Dr. Muhlen- berg was called at a very critical juncture, and soon, by his long experience and conscientious discipline, habits of order, and gentlemanly dignity, won the esteem of the students, and laid the foundations of a new career of prosperity for this twin sister of Muhlenberg College. Although the two colleges are in the same State, they have not been and never could be rivals. One is at the eastern, and the other, founded almost contem- poraneously with Muhlenberg, is at the western, extreme of the State, each in a Lutheran centre, with a tract of several hun- dred miles between them, which is without the element from which either could draw. If Thiel College had not been 180 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. founded, Muhlenberg might have had a dozen more pupils per year, and the hundred or more others of Thiel's students would have been lost to the church. They draw from a different class of material, the students of Thiel's showing, perhaps even to a greater degree than those at Gettysburg, the effect of the close relationship in Western Pennsylvania between the German and Scotch-Irish elements. As Dr. Muhlenberg's college train- ing was largely at a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian college, within the very territory of Thiel College, he is especially fitted for the field, whither by a strange Providence he has been brought so long after his graduation at Jefferson College, and after such varied usefulness elsewhere. Prom the time of his graduation until his visit to Greenville in 1888, to consider the call to Thiel, he had not been in Pennsylvania west of the AUeghenies. Dr. Muhlenberg's active service as a college president and professor has thus extended over half a century, and has di- rectly influenced thousands of young men, of whom very many have occupied or are occupying positions of high importance and great responsibility in both Church and State, in all professions and various religious denominations. Upon the vast majority the personality of their teacher has left its permanent impress for good, even apart from all the learning they have gathered from his instruction. In five colleges, although not in all equally, his influence in shaping the course and giving tone and temper to the institution will ever live. But among them all, none owes him such a debt of gratitude as the College which with him shares the name of his great ancestor, for which he made sacrifices never to be recorded in its first years, and which owes to him above all others the entire work of its organization. BIOGRAPHICAL. , igi EBY. BENJAMm SADTLBE, D.D., Second President of the College. BY Q-EOEGE TAYLOE BTTINGEE, Ph. D. ('80), Professor of Pedagogy and Associate Professor of Latin, Muhlenberg College. In the New York Belletristisches Journal of April 4, 1889, Dr. Morris Wiener gives some interesting reminiscences of the early Germans of Baltimore. Among the prominent Baltimore Germans mentioned in these reminiscences we find Philip Sadt- ler, who, having learned the secrets of the goldsmith's art in his native Germany, at the age of seventeen came to this country, in the latter half of the last century. Through his industry and economy he acquired considerable means and, for his time, made great advances in the study of optics. After living in Baltimore for more than seventy years, the old man is seized with a desire to revisit his old home in Germany, and, in spite of all entreaties, he sails for Hamburg, accompanied by his son, the subject of this biographical sketch. As all his early companions were gone, and hardly anything but the old school-house was left to remind him of former days, his stay in Germany was brief. The ticket for the homeward voyage had already been purchased and the baggage was already on board when the old man of ninety, on his way to the steamer, stumbled, fell, and broke his hip. The baggage had to be brought back, the aged patient was taken to his hotel, and the steamer sailed without him. This accident was another of the many blessings in disguise that Providence constantly has in store for his children. Por the steamer on which father and son had intended to return to America was the ill-fated "Austria," which was burnt in mid-ocean, and perished with all on board. Contrary to all expectations the aged patient recovered and returned to Baltimore, where he died at the ripe old age of ninety-three. To this Philip B. Sadtler and his wife Catharine was born, on Christmas Day of the year 1823, in Baltimore, Maryland, 182 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. J. P. Benjamin Sadtler, who was destined in after-years to be the second president of Muhlenberg College. Having received his preliminary education in private academies, he entered Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, in the third term of the Freshman year in 1839. Prom the " Pennsylvania College Book" we learn that he belonged to the Philomathsean Society, was appointed essayist, took part in the usual college contests, and was graduated in 1842. Every one of the thirteen mem- bers of this class studied theology, and, with but one excep- tion, all were later licensed to preach the Gospel. Among the better-known men of this class were Eev. Edwin Breidenbaugh, secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg ; James Allen Brown, D. D., LL. D., for- merly chairman of the faculty of the same Seminary ; Eev. John Kohler, D. D., of Leacock, Pa. ; Eev. George W. McMillan, for ten years missionary in Southern India ; Peter G. Sauer- wine, formerly internal revenue collector for the Third District of Maryland, and the head of various large corporations ; and Eev. A. J. Weddell, D. D., of Norristown, Pa. From the College the subject of this sketch passed into the Theological Seminary at the same place, and in October, 1844, the Maryland Synod of the Lutheran Church licensed Eev. Benjamin Sadtler to preach the Gospel. As the newly-licensed minister had not yet attained his majority, he returned to the Seminary and devoted six additional months to study. In April, 1845, he took charge of churches in and about Pine Grove, Pa., where he preached the following four years. Finding the exposure of a country charge too severe, in 1849 he removed to Shippensburg, Pa., where he lived and labored until 1853, when he took charge of St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Middletown, Pa. In 1856 he succeeded Eev. Dr. C. F. Schaefifer as pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Easton, Pa. The failure of his wife's health led him to resign this charge, in July, 1862, to assume the principalship of the Female Seminary at Lutherville, Md. Here Dr. Sadtler spent four- • teen years and a half of the best part of his life in successful labor as teacher and pastor. Of the success of his efforts at BIOGRAPHICAL. 183 Lutherville the many students formerly under his guidance will gladly bear witness. In the fall of 1876, upon the resignation of Dr. P. A. Muhlen- berg, the position of president of Muhlenberg College was tendered him. In obedience to the earnest persuasion of old friends in the Mlnisterium, he accepted the call, and in Janu- ary, 1877, he entered upon the duties of his office. To the difficult labors of a college president Dr. Sadtler devoted nine years of his life. The success of his administration of the affairs of Muhlenberg College is recorded in another part of this volume. In 1885 a fall upon the ice for a time confined him to the house, but he resumed his labors in the hope of a complete restoration. But when the conviction forced itself upon him that he was disabled for life and that he could no longer successfully discharge the duties of his responsible po- sition, he sent his resignation to the Board of Trustees in June, 1886, to take effect at the end of the year. Upon his resigna- tion he removed to Baltimore, where he has since led a retired life. In addition to various Synodical appointments. Dr. Sadt- ler served as a trustee of Pennsylvania College from 1862 to 1877, from which institution he received the degree of Doc- tor of Divinity in 1867. Several years thereafter, upon the resignation of Dr. Milton Valentine as president of Pennsyl- vania College, Dr. Sadtler was chosen to succeed him. He, however, having declined the honor. Dr. Valentine was induced to retain his position as head of the College. Two editions of "A Past-Day Sermon," preached in Easton, Pa., were published in 1861, and in 1884 the " History of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church," of the same place, was issued in volume form. In 1878 appeared a paper, read at the Second Lutheran Diet, held in Philadelphia, on " The Causes and Eemedies of the Losses of her Population by the Lutheran Church in America." Among the many articles contributed by Dr. Sadtler to the Evangelical Review, edited by Dr. Stoever, of Gettysburg, may be mentioned " Effect of the Adoption of the Formula of Concord on the Lutheran Church" (translation), and " Individual Spiritual Life and Development." 184 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. In connection with his work at Muhlenberg College, his in- augural and a number of baccalaureate sermons were given to the press. He has been and still is a frequent contributor to the church papers, chiefly to The Workman, of Pittsburg. On the 9th of October, 1845, the subject of this sketch was married to Caroline B., daughter of Eev. S. S. Schmucker, D. D., of Gettysburg, Pa. From this happy union has sprung a large family of sons and daughters such as might well gladden the hearts of any parents. Its members are found in mechanical engineering, in the professor's chair, in the pulpit, in Zenana-work in far-off India, and wherever found they fill their places with credit to themselves and honor to their positions. As student and teacher at Muhlenberg College the writer came into almost daily contact with Dr. Sadtler in class-room or chapel during the nine years of the latter's presidency, and in consequence learned to know him as a teacher, as a preacher, and, above all things, as a man. As a teacher Dr. Sadtler was enthusiastic and inspiring, as a preacher he was earnest and eloquent, gifted with a wonderful vocabulary that never grew into monotonous repetition at morning chapel, and as a man a few words describe him, — he was a Christian gentleman. As one of his former students, the writer bears grateful and unre- served testimony to the conscientious earnestness and Christian fidelity with which Dr. Sadtler discharged the difficult duties of his position. May he live long to enjoy the esteem and honor in which he is held by the many young men and women who received their education at his hands. THEODORE LORENZO SEIP, D.D., Third President of Muhlenberg College. BY THE EEV. S. A. ZIEGENPUSS, A.M. ('70), Pastor St. Michael's Evangelical Lutheran Church, G-ermantown, Phila. Theodore Lorenzo Seip was born at Baston, Pa., on the anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession, June 25, 1842. His parents were Reuben L. and Sarah A. Seip. BIOGRAPHICAL. 185 They were God-fearing, intelligent, and well-informed, and brought up their children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. His ancestors came from Germany, of good, substantial stock, and settled in what was then Iforthampton County, Pa., in the early part of the last century. His paternal ancestors served in the wars of 1776 and 1812. His maternal grandfather — William Henry Hemsing — came to Allentown from Philadelphia, in the capacity of a parish teacher and organist. He wedded Miss Margaretta Spinner of Salisbury, near Allentown. "We mention this because of the interesting fact that they spent the first year of their married life in Livingston Mansion, now the east wing of Muhlenberg College. They then removed to Baston, where his grandfather spent the rest of his life as a teacher, greatly respected by all who knew him. He carefully trained his daughter, the mother of the subject of this sketch, in both English and German, and specially in music. She was gifted with high mental and moral endowments, a strong char- acter, was firm in her conviction of truth and duty, and not easily influenced by the isms of the times. The moulding in- fluence of such a mother had most to do in forming the life and character of her son, although his father discharged his paternal duties faithfully and was prominent among his fel- low-citizens, having been chosen by them for local positions of honor and trust by reason of his intelligence and fitness for place. The instruction of the schools, private and public, which he attended in his native place, Baston, and in Bath, where his boyhood was spent, was supplemented by home instruction in religion, morals, and music, taught him by his devoted mother. He was brought up from a child in the way in which he should go- At the age of sixteen his father sent him to Weaversville Academy to prepare for college. He entered this classical school in the spring of 1859. The principal of the school was Professor H. P. Savage, A. M., a graduate of Amherst College, and a fine classical scholar. Under his faithful instruction he was introduced to the study of Latin and Greek, and was 13 186 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. inspired with a love for these ancient languages which has made them the chosen subject of his study and teaching ever since. From this school, on the advice of Eev. C. P. Schaeffer, D. D,, a warm personal friend of the family, he was sent to Pennsyl- vania College, Gettysburg, and entered the Preparatory De- partment, October, 1859, from which he was admitted to the Freshman Class, October, 1860, and was graduated 1864. His health while at Gettysburg was precarious, as on two occasions he was so ill with inflammatory rheumatism that his life was despaired of by his friends. During his course at Pennsylvania College he had the benefit of able and experienced teachers, — President H. L. Baugher, D. D., C. F. Schaefifer, D. D., M. Jacobs, D. D., Eev. F. A. Muh- lenberg, and Professor M. L. Stoever, then constituting the faculty. He was a member of the Phrenakosmian Literary Society and the 0. K. W. Greek Letter Society. In 1863, when General Lee invaded Pennsylvania and fought the battle of Get- tysburg, he joined the College Company, and was mustered into United States service with Company A, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. After spending one night in Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, he was detailed for duty at head-quarters with the staff of Major-General D. IN". Couch, then in command of the Department of the Susquehanna, with whom he served until the company was mustered out of service, after the armies had recrossed the Potomac Eiver. The spring vacation of 1864, somewhat extended by leave of absence from College, he spent as a delegate in the service of the United States Chris- tian Commission, in Tennessee and Georgia, in the armies under the command of General W. T. Sherman. He had charge of the office and work of the United States Christian Commission in the hospitals in Murfreesborough, Tenn. "While here he se- cured a bequest for the Orphans' Home at Germantown, then recently established, from a German soldier, who was under his care in the hospital, and died there. The soldier had no rela- tives in this country. , His services were always welcomed by the soldiers of the Eleventh Army Corps, which contained a large number of Ger- BIOGRAPHICAL. 187 mans, especially as he was for a time the only delegate at the post who could minister to them in their own language. After his term of service at Murfreesborough had expired, he proceeded to Chattanooga, and was sent to " the front," where General Sherman was fighting his way to Atlanta. He con- cluded his service as delegate in the battle of Eesaca, Ga., where he ministered to the wounded and dying, both of the " blue" and the " gray," on that sharply-contested field. As darkness fell over the earth on that, to him, memorable Sunday evening, he was assigned a place for the night in the house occupied by General B. S. McCook as his head-quarters. Before retiring he visited the family, who resided there, consisting at the time of a mother and her children. The head of the family was re- ported to be in the Confederate service. He proposed to conduct family worship with them before leaving, when the mother calmly replied that she would be glad to worship with him, providing he did not pray for the downfall of her country, meaning the Confederacy. He pro- posed to pray that the right might prevail, that God's will might be done. She consented, and they worshipped together. Her heroism under the trying circumstances in which she and her family had been placed by the accidents of war awakened his interest and admiration. After worship, in the course of conversation, he asked her whether she was a member of the church. To his surprise she replied that she was a Lutheran, and furthermore said that she was a daughter-in-law of the Eev. Dr, Bachman, the distinguished Lutheran clergyman and scientist of Charleston, S. C. His service in the United States Christian Commission hav- ing expired, he returned to College to complete his course, and was graduated with his class (1864). The lessons learned in the school of experience, in connection with his College course, formed a most practical and useful preparation for the duties of life. In October, 1864, he entered the Evangelical Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary in Philadelphia. He was present at the in- auguration of the faculty and the opening of the Seminary being a member of the first class that received the full three 188 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. years' course in the Seminary, under those eminent divines, the Eev. Drs. C. P. Schaeffer, C. P. Krauth, W. J. Mann, C. W. Schaeffer, and G. F. Krotel* During the spring of 1865, by the kindness of Eev. Dr. Krauth, he received an appointment as agent of the United States Sanitary Commission, and was sent on a tour of inspec- tion of the work and stations in the armies under General U. S. Grant, on the James and Appomattox Eivers in Virginia. He returned from this tour to canvass Lancaster County, Pa., delivering addresses on the work, and organizing Ladies' Aid Societies in all the towns and villages of Lancaster County, to aid in furnishing supplies for the sick and wounded. He con- cluded this work with the surrender of General Lee. The fidelity and success with which he performed his duties are at- tested by the flattering testimonials voluntarily given him with his discharge papers by his oflScial chief. Dr. Joseph Parrish. He completed his course in the Theological Seminary; was graduated in June, and ordained by the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and Adjacent States, at its meet- ing in Salem Church, Lebanon, June 19, 1867. During his Senior vacation, before his ordination, he was asked by the gentlemen who had charge of the " Allentown Collegiate Institute," and were then organizing Muhlenberg College, to aid in the instruction and discipline of the students, until the affairs of the institute could be closed with the end of the school term, June 27, 1867. He accepted this unex- pected call and entered upon his duties, April 25, 1867. While engaged in this service, he was elected (May 21) Principal of the Academic Department and also Provisional Professor of German, until a regular professor in this department could be secured for the College, which was to be opened in September following. At the solicitation of President Muhlenberg, and on the advice of the faculty of the Theological Seminary, he * During his college days he also taught piano and organ music to a number of private students in his hours for recreation. While he was at the Seminary he had private students in the city in German, and taught regularly in Kughy Institute, Philadelphia, thus gaining valuable experi- ence. BIOGRAPHICAL. 189 accepted this call, and declined the pastorate of St. John's Church at Quakertown, which had been offered him. Before the College was opened, the services of the Eev. H. 'N. Eiis were secured as the Professor of the German Language and Literature, and Professor Seip was made Assistant Professor of Greek, in addition to the Principalship of the Academic Department. In addition to his other duties he gave instruc- tion three hours a week in English Literature. During the vacancy caused by the resignation of Professor B. J. Koons, he divided with other members of the faculty the instruction in Mathematics. At the first meeting of the fac- ulty he was elected secretary, a position which he held until he became President (Professor Garber acting as Secretary, pro tern., during his absence as Financial Agent). He served as Principal of the Academic Department, etc., until the year ending June, 1872, when he was elected to the Pro- fessorship of the Latin Language and Literature, still doing duty as before in the Greek Department. He continued to discharge his duties as professor uninterruptedly until February, 1876, when he was called to new and at the same time more impor- tant labors for the College. The financial affairs of the institu- tion, as elsewhere described, had for some years been growing worse until a crisis was reached, and it became absolutely neces- sary to secure sufficient funds to relieve the strain or to go into liquidation. Many of the best friends of the institution de- spaired of its ability to survive. Eepeated efforts had been made to secure a financial agent outside the faculty, but with- out success. Finally, January 18, 1876, the Board of Trustees elected Professor Seip to act as financial agent, relieving him temporarily from the duties of his professorship. He entered upon his new work February, 1876, and continued his labors as agent one year and five months, until the close of the College year ending June, 1877. During this time he visited such con- gregations of the Ministerium as were open to him, and pre- sented the wants of the College from the pulpit, and from house to house to individual members of the church and the commu- nity in which he labored. By the blessing of God, an interest in the College was soon awakened, which encouraged its friends, 190 MUHLENBERa COLLEGE. restored confidence in its permanency, and resulted in averting the ruin that had threatened. About thirty-three thousand dollars were secured for endowment and current expenses, and many who since then became students in the institution had their attention directed to it for the first time by this agency. Professor Seip resigned the agency in June, 1877, and returned to the more congenial duties of his professorship. On the retirement of Dr. Muhlenberg from the presidency, the higher Greek, formerly taught by him, was assigned to Professor Seip in addition to his duties as Latin Professor. His name, therefore, appears in the Catalogue from 1877 to 1880 inclusive, as " Professor of the Grreek and Latin Lan- guages." He continued to serve in this capacity until 1880, when by the liberality of Messrs. James K. Mosser and Thomas Keck, a firm well known for its generous and intelligent in- terest in every good work. Professor Seip was enabled to pre- pare a pleasant surprise for the friends of the College, having secured from them during the summer vacation an endowment for the Professorship of the Greek Language and Literature of twenty thousand dollars in cash, which the donors have since increased to thirty thousand dollars, besides giving freely to the other funds of the College. This endowment was ac- cepted by the Board of Trustees at a special meeting on July 20, 1880, and Professor Seip was elected " Mosser-Keck Pro- fessor of the Greek Language and Literature," retaining Latin with the higher classes in connection with the Greek. He continued in these duties until the close of the term, December, 1885. At the June meeting of the Board of Trustees, Presi- dent Sadtler resigned, his resignation to take effect at the above date. No little anxiety was felt by the members of the trustees and the friends of the institution, in regard to the filling of this position. After some time had elapsed, many eyes turned to Professor Seip as the man who, in an eminent degree, pos- sessed the proper qualifications and abilities to discharge the duties of this important office. At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held ISTovem- ber 5, 1885, the writer of this sketch had the honor of placing Professor Seip's name in nomination for the presidency, which BIOGRAPHICAL. 191 nomination was heartily seconded by the late Dr. Schmucker. On motion of Dr. Krotel, Professor Seip was elected by accla- mation. After due deliberation he accepted this call and en- tered on the duties of the presidency January 1, 1886, retaining the Greek professorship in connection with the presidency. He was inaugurated January 6, 1886, in St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, AUentown. Addresses were delivered by the Eev. Drs. P. A. Muhlenberg, first president of the College ; Gr. F. Krotel, president of the Ministerium ; C. W. Schaeffer, chairman of the faculty of the Theological Seminary ; and Eev. William Eath, president of the Board of Trustees. President Seip also delivered his inaugural, which was a mas- terly effort, and was published subsequently. The occasion was an interesting one, and many were the congratulations which he received, and brighter hopes were expressed for the institu- tion under his leadership, which have been fully realized. Having been identified with the institution from its incep- tion, and always taken a lively interest in its welfare. Dr. Seip, in addition to his eminent abilities, had also the benefit of a ripe experience at his command. He at once consecrated all his powers and gifts to the best interests of the College over which he was called to preside. He succeeded in introducing and maintaining a remarkable and commendable course of disci- pline. Good order prevails. The students are made to feel and respect the dignity of the College, the morals of a good neigh- borhood, and the principles and piety of our holy religion. They are largely thrown upon their own manliness. They are treated not as " boys," but as young men, who are seeking a good education, and making a character and reputation for themselves that will tell long after their college days are ended. The highest aims and noblest incentives are constantly set before them in such- a way that they cannot help but realize that to be good and to do good is the student's part. Dr. Seip has a manly, dignified, commanding carriage, is of pleasing address, easily approached, possesses a very even temper ; he is kind, courteous, and sympathetic, and consequently enjoys the confidence and respect of all the students. In the discipline of the institution he has been ably seconded by the other 192 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. members of the faculty. Between him and his associates in the faculty the best feeling and perfect harmony prevail. Immediately after his inauguration he also took steps to secure, in addition to the regular curriculum, an annual course of free lectures in the College chapel, open to the public, thus virtually doing work for the community, which has since then been attracting attention elsewhere in our country under the name of " University Extension Work." These lectures have been given every year since by men eminent in their special- ties, who, as friends of the president and the College, have contributed their services gratuitously. President Seip has also rendered most eminent and practical assistance to the Board of Trustees and the Executive Com- mittee, of which he is a member ex officio. He has the wants and interests of the College fully at heart. He is a methodical man. He never does anj'thing by halves. He watches with an eager scrutiny every auspicious opportunity for the ad- vancement and improvement of the institution over which he so ably and successfully presides. He surveys the whole ground, examines with the utmost care and precision every point, and when he is satisfied in his own mind that the way is clear to undertake or inaugurate any improvement he lays his plan, well matured and fortified at every point, before the committee or board. Honest, upright, and conscientious in principle and purpose, he is a safe man. To Dr. Seip belongs the credit, above all others, of the forward step that was taken at the meeting of the trustees in June of this year, when three new professors were added to the faculty. He was also largely instrumental in making the quarter-centennial of Muhlenberg College such a grand success. President Seip has also been active in bringing Muhlenberg College into closer relation with the colleges and universities of the country. He was one of the most active in founding " The College Association of Pennsylvania" (1887), which has grown to include the Middle States and Maryland. He was the first chairman of its Executive Committee, and was con- tinued in office until he declined re-election. He was vice- president, and presided in the absence of the president at the BIOGRAPHICAL. 193 meeting in the University of Pennsylvania in 1889. He was chosen to write a " History of the Organization of the College Association of Pennsylvania," which was published by it in 1887. He was appointed to prepare and read a paper at its meeting in Princeton College on " The Taxation of College Property," an ethical treatment of the subject, which was published in the proceedings of the convention. Eminent and successful as Dr. Seip has proved himself as president of Muhlenberg College, he has been no less successful as a teacher. Of him it may well be said that he is a born teacher. He is perfectly at home in the professorial chair. He has been an ardent scholar all his life. His knowledge is of a high and an extensive character. It does not take his students a long time to learn this. Consequently the best order always prevails in his class-room. He possesses the rare gift of inspiring his students with a love for the subject under study. With all his attainments, he never enters his class-room without preparing the lesson beforehand, a charac- teristic of all true teachers. Dr. Seip's teaching of twenty-five years in the various departments of Muhlenberg College abun- dantly testifies to his success and eminence as a teacher. As a writer. Dr. Seip is also favorably known. He wields a ready pen. He possesses the happy faculty of expressing his thoughts in a clear and' forcible manner. Having a natural and an easy style, an elegant and copious diction, a unique and lucid construction, the productions of his pen are always read with pleasure and profit. As president of the College, his cor- respondence is very large. His letters are written with the same care, and never fail to convey the desired information. Dr. Seip has never been pastor of a congregation. He has devoted his whole life to the best interests of Muhlenberg Col- lege. He is, however, also a minister of the gospel, and has frequently preached from the pulpits of the General Council, especially in the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, of which he has been an honored member since the time of his ordination. His sermons are always well prepared. They are logical, evangelical, full of Christ. He persuades and he convinces. He speaks in a conversational tone, with no little degree of 194 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. oratorical power. Many of his sermons and addresses have been published by request. The last sermon which he preached before the writing of this article was his Baccalaureate Sermon, delivered in St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Allen- town, Pa., on Sunday morning, June 19, 1892. The subject, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us,'' was beautifully depicted by him, and the impression was made upon the large audience that this sermon ought to reach the friends and patrons of the College. The trustees, therefore, at their late meeting, form- ally requested Dr. Seip to furnish his manuscript for publi- cation. It was one of his characteristic sermons, and presents the history of the College in miniature. "Whatever Dr. Seip undertakes to do he does well. For a number of years he has been, .by the appointment of Synod, one of the members of the Examining Committee. In consequence of his acknowledged ability as a Greek scholar, he has examined in Greek exegesis since 1886. During the same time he has also been a member of the Executive Committee of Synod, where his wise counsel and good judgment are no less respected and honored. He is regular in attendance and faithful in the discharge of every duty. He has also been elected for a number of years by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania as a delegate to the General Council, and has never failed to attend its meetings in that capacity. With very few exceptions, the members of the Second Dis- trict Conference of the Pennsylvania Synod have chosen him the presiding officer at their Sunday-school conventions. He is fair and just, and presides with dignity and with grace. His fellow-citizens, without regard to party, have also honored him at different times. We mention but two occasions. In 1881, at the death of President Garfield, he was made the chairman of the Committee on Eesolutions. He was the author of the resolutions adopted by them on the death of President James A. Garfield, at a public meeting held for that purpose. These resolutions were pronounced by competent judges of Bench and Bar, of opposite political faith, as among the best of those adopted and printed in the public papers, for their BIOGRAPHICAL. 195 appropriateness to the occasion, their non-partisan, fair, and just estimate of the life and character of the martyred President. In 1885, on the death of General Grant, at a public meeting of the citizens of AUentown, called for the purpose of taking suit- able action on the death of the great general. Dr. Seip presided by invitation of his fellow- citizens. This meeting was held in the Court-House. At this time he also delivered an address on the Life and Death of General TJ. S. Grant, which was published by request. In addition to his publications already mentioned in this article, there are to be added his address on " Education," delivered by appointment before the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, at its meeting in Zion's Church, Philadelphia, in 1887, which was published by request of the trustees of the College. A sketch of Muhlenberg College from 1867-1883, published in " A Complete History of Carbon and Lehigh Counties, Pennsyl- vania," 1883. His Baccalaureate Sermons, Eeformation Ad- dresses, and various other discourses and articles have been published in periodicals and in the secular and religious press. Dr. Seip received the degree of A. M. in 1867 from Pennsyl- vania College, and the degree of D. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1886. He is a member of " The American Institute of Christian Philosophy,'' "The American Society of Church History," and " The American Society for the Extension of University Teaching." He was elected to membership in " The Society of Science, Letters, and Art," of London, Eng- land, and other learned bodies, and was proffered office in them, which he declined. Dr. Seip was twice married. His first wife was Miss Emma Elizabeth Shimer, of Bath, Pa., who was confirmed in the same class with him by the Eev. A. Fuchs, who also married them in 1866. She died in 1873. In 1877 he was married by Eev. E. Hill, D. D., to Miss EebeccaKeck, of Allen town, who is well and favorably known to many of our clergy and alumni. He had four children, all by his first marriage, — Howard Shimer Seip, A. M., D. D. S., the noted and skilful dentist of AUentown ; Eev. Prank Muhlenberg Seip, A. M., the popular and successful pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Lebanon ; Annie Elizabeth 196 MVHLENBERQ COLLEGE. Seip, a graduate of the Allentown High School and the Luther- ville Female Seminary, and Theodore Lorenzo Seip, who died in early infancy, in 1873. He has two brothers living, — "W. H. Seip, M. D., and Gr. W. Seip, M. D. ; and two sisters, — Annie M., the wife of C. J. Hoffman, M. D., and Miss E. Hattie Seip, who resides with him. Dr. Seip is a kind husband, a good father, a true friend and an excellent companion. He is genial, courteous, and affable ; he is refined, conscientious and polite. He has a large circle of friends. He is held in high esteem by the students and alumni, and enjoys the respect of his brethren in the ministry. Dr. Seip has spent his entire active life since graduation from the Theological Seminary in the service of the Church in Muhlenberg College. He is the only member of the faculty originally inaugurated who has been uninterruptedly connected with the College from the beginning until now. Though he has had several tempting offers from other institutions and else- where, he has declined them. His heart is in the Lutheran Church, and for her and his Lord he makes sacrifices. Eooted and grounded in the faith of the Church of the Eeformation, he clings to the College that has been founded on that faith, and by the blessing of the Lord has accomplished so much for the proper education of young men. He has lived through its entire history and experienced in his own person its toils, struggles, and triumphs. ' In its darkest hours he never despaired of its ultimate success, and he looks forward to a still larger field of usefulness and a brighter and grander career for the College. 2. THE PEESENT PEOFESSOKS. DATIS GAEBBE, Ph.D. It is a most diflScult undertaking to prepare a sketch of the life of a much loved and highly esteemed instructor and friend, without indulging in what may seem to others to be too much praise. Davis Garber, son of Samuel and Susan Garber, was born DAVIS GARBER. BIOGBAPHICAL. 197 near Trappe, Montgomery County, Pa., February 10, 1839. He is of sturdy Pennsylvania German origin. Hia early life was spent on the farm and in the discharge of the duties connected with farm life. He received the rudiments of his education in the schools of his native county, and by earnest and faith- ful application to his studies he prepared himself for teaching in the public schools. For a number of years he was engaged in teaching public school during the winter seasons, and in farming during the summer months. During all these years, however, he never lost sight of the desire for a collegiate course of training. With this aim before him, he entered Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, Pa., where he prepared for College. In the spring of 1861 he entered the Sophomore Class, advanced, in Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg, Pa., and graduated in 1863, with third honor. During his college course he entered with spirit into the life of the col- lege-world, taking an active part in the work of the Phrenakos- mian Literary Society and the Linnsean Scientific Association. In September, 1863, only a few months after his graduation, he became one of the instructors in Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, and continued his labors until the end of the year 1869. At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College, held October 27, 1869, he was elected Professor of Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, and Geology in this institution. He accepted the position tendered him and entered upon his duties on January 4, 1870. The institution had been founded only three years prior to this date, and when he assumed the duties of his position, he found himself in the midst of arduous labors and trying circumstances, a great deal of work and little pay ; but with his characteristic zeal and fidelity he threw himself into the work, in order to carry on successfully the affairs of the young institution. Hard work and many self-denials stared the honored president and his faithful co-workers in the face in those early years ; but they battled manfully against heavy odds and came from the field of conflict crowned with victory. Muhlenberg College soon gained a reputation for good, honest, and thorough work, due chiefly to the acknowledged scholarship and self sacrificing 198 MVHLENBER0 COLLEGE. fidelity of its able faculty. Owing to the fact that not all the professorships ia the College were filled, the professors were frequently called upon to discharge the duties of more than one department at the same time. Thus it happened that Professor Garber was frequently called upon to share with the other members of the faculty the duties of various other depart- ments. In 1882 he was relieved of some of his extra labors and received as his special sphere Mathematics and Astronomy, and, until the chair of Latin can be properly filled, higher Latin. Apart from his special work in the College, his ability and experience in educational work have been recognized by the patrons of the public schools of Allentown, in electing and keeping him for years in the Board of Directors. Since 1882, with the exception of one year, he has been a member of the Board of Directors of the City Schools, in the Second Ward of Allentown. In June, 1891, he was elected a member of the Board of Control of the schools of Allentown. Professor Garber is an active member of the Lutheran Church and is specially interested in Sunday-school work. He has been Superintendent of the First Ward Lutheran Mission Sunday-school since May of the year 1873. He has associated with him in this work some of the students of the College and members of the various Lutheran congregations of the city. During all these twenty years I do not believe that he missed a single Sunday, except when away from the city during his annual vacation of a few weeks. Early every Sunday morning, in summer's heat or winter's storms, he can be seen alone, or in the midst of a group of the " boys," wending his way to "Pirst Ward." The Sunday-school has been very successful and much good work has been done during all these years. Numerous pastors in and outside of the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania have received valuable instruction and experience in Sunday-school work by their connection with this school as co-laborers with Professor Garber. In the institution Professor Garber has held many positions < of honor and trust. He has been the Librarian of College since 1874, he was secretary, pro tern., of the faculty, 1876-77, and BIOGRAPHICAL. 199 generally has charge of the institution during the temporary absence of the President of the College. Modest and unassuming and yet scholarly and thorough, Professor Garber is at home in every department of college ■work, and discharges the duties of his position with a view only to the benefit of those placed under his care. He is thorough in all his work, and no student can enter his class- room with the expectation of being able to shirk duty. He expects his students to be thorough in their work. In 1891 Ursinus College, Collegeville, Montgomery County, Pa., honored itself by conferring on Professor Garber the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Garber was married to Miss Kate Grim, of Allen- town, Pa., December 26, 1878. I cannot more appropriately close this brief sketch than by quoting an estimate of his character and life, given by one who has known him for years : " I have known Professor Garber for over twenty-five years, was for a time his pastor, and ever since my intercourse with him has been most pleasant and even intimate. I have always found him faithful, — faithful as a friend, and faithful in his work. At the Trappe he proved himself an able and successful teacher. And when a vacancy in Muhlenberg occurred, I felt persuaded that he was a com- petent and suitable man for the place. In the condition of the College at the time, with a limited number of professors, it was important to have men who could fill well their own special department, but could also help out in other departments. This Professor Garber could do. I therefore not only recom- mended him, but used what little influence I had in favor of his election. I doubt whether we could have gotten a better man and one who would have succeeded so well. He is a good member of the church, holding its faith, and fully identified with all its interests, as well as with the interests of the insti- tution which he honors as one of its professors." S. E. 0. 200 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. MATTHIAS HEKET EICHAEDS, D. D. The accomplished scholar who occupies the chair of English Language and Literature in Muhlenberg College is a dis- tinguished descendant of the family in whose honor the College was named, being a great-grandson of Patriarch Muhlenberg. Matthias Henry Eichards was born June 17, 1841, at German- town (Philadelphia), Pennsylvania. His parents were John William Eichards, D. D., and his wife Andora (Garber). His father was a distinguished and scholarly theologian of the Lutheran Church, and labored as pastor in some of the most important congregations in connection with the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, among which were Augustus Church, Trappe, and Trinity Church, Eeading. This latter was his native place, and here he died in 1854. The grandmother of the subject of this sketch was Mary Salome, a daughter of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, the first missionary sent from Halle to labor among the Germans in Pennsylvania. His mother's family belonged to the early settlers in Montgomery County, near the Trappe, where many of them still reside. Thus it will be seen that his ancestors, both on his father's and mother's side, were Penn- sylvania Germans, who came to Pennsylvania in 1730, and settled in the vicinity of Falkner Swamp and Trappe churches, of which they were members when these united with the Philadelphia Church to call the Eev. Henry Melchior Muhlen- berg to become their pastor. The earlier years of the subject of this sketch were those of a clergyman's son, and were spent at Germantown, Easton, where his school-days began, and at Eeading, where he pre- pared at the High School for College. He went to Pennsyl- vania College in the fall of 1856, and entered the Preshman Class, graduating in 1860, with second honor and the appoint- ment of Latin Salutatorian. After graduation he taught, first at Frederick, Montgomery County, Pa., for one year, and sub- sequently as tutor at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., for two years. During the last year of this period he pursued theo- logical studies privately, and especially such as were required in MATTHIAS HENRY RICHARDS. BIOGRAPHICAL. 201 the first year of the course in the Seminary at Gettysburg. His career ended with the invasion of Pennsylvania by Lee's array. In common with others he enlisted " for the existing emer- gency" in Company A, Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Militia, and shared all its campaign experiences until mustered out, during June and July, 1863. In the fall of 1863 he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, in advanced standing, and remained until 1864, leaving in time to apply for and receive ordination from the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, during its convention at Potts- town, Trinity Week, 1864. During that year he supplied the vacant pulpit of St. James' Lutheran Church, Reading, for some months, and subsequently that of Trinity Church, at the same place. He also taught, for some time, in the academy of Professor M. L. Hofi'ord, AUentown, Pa. He took charge of a congregation at South Easton, Pa., in the summer of 1865, in connection with mission work in the same place. In January of 1866 he took charge of St. James' Evangelical Lutheran Church, Greenwich, N. J., where he remained until November of the following year. In June of 1866 he was married to Sallie 11., daughter of Hon. Moses McClean, of Gettysburg, Pa. In 1868 he was elected Professor of English and Latin in Muhlenberg College and removed with his family to AUentown that fall, having been discharging the duties of the professor- ship already since the spring of that year. He occupied this position until the spring of 1874, when he resigned in order to accept a call to Indianapolis, Ind., as pastor of a Lutheran con- gregation at that place. During the greater part of his con- nection with the College (1868-74), he was also pastor of Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church, Phillipsburg, N. J., which he organized, builtjup, housed, and left in a condition able to sustain its own pastor. He remained at Indianapolis until January, 1877, when he accepted an urgent call to his former position in Muhlenberg College, which had lately been reorganized and put under direct synodical control. During his pastorate at Indianapolis he effected the successful transfer of the con- gregation to a new location and built thereon a neat chapel and laid the foundation for a church edifice to correspond. 14 202 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. His return to College brought to the institution the ripe scholarship of a man whose whole life had been given to study and teaching. After his return to Allentown, besides the mani- fold duties of his professorship, he undertook to resuscitate and carry along Trinity congregation at Catasauqua until it was able to support a pastor of its own. He labored in this double capacity for several years. For one year, after being relieved from his duties at Catasauqua, he supplied the pulpit of Grace English Church, Bethlehem, during the fatal sickness of its pastor, the Eev. Jacob B. Eath. Since then he has confined himself more particularly to his College work, though still giving much of his time to help his ministerial brethren as supply or on special occasions. As professor, while nominally of the English Language and Literature, he has taught, at one time or another, everything in the College course except the Natural Sciences. He has had, since his return to College in 1877, charge more particularly, however, of English Language and Literature, Rhetoric, Logic, Social Sciences, Psychology, and some Latin, and all the drill work in Composition, Declamation, Orations, and Debates. Only those who have ever been engaged in similar work can form a conception of the amount of tedious and exhausting work embraced in this list of duties. Dr. Eichards has been secretary of the faculty since January, 1886. Besides his work in the College, he has been called upon to give the public schools of the city the benefit of his experience in educational affairs. He became connected with the schools of Allentown by election as director in 1879, and next year as member of the Central Board of Control ; in 1883 he was elected as secretary of the board, and has held these positions by re-election continuously up to the present time. One would think that, with his numerous duties in the Col- lege and in connection with the public schools. Dr. Eichards had more than enough to do; but notwithstanding all this work he has found time for a vast amount of literary work. In fact, the literary work he has been doing would have been' enough to keep some men busily employed without anything else. Since 1880 he has ably edited the Church Lesson Leaves WILLIAM WACKERNAGEL. BIOGRAPHICAL. 203 and The Helper, for the use of our Lutheran Sunday-schools, and since 1884 he has regularly furnished an editorial article each week for The Lutheran, a weekly Lutheran Church peri- odical published in Philadelphia. He also aided in editing and publishing the Church Messenger for a couple of years after it came into the present management, but withdrew then, find- ing that his time was too much occupied with work previously undertaken. During the same period he has written and de- livered a score or more of lectures, popular and educational, prepared and read a number of poems in connection with vari- ous anniversaries, and, besides, has written numerous articles for the Gettysburg Quarterly and the Lutheran Church Meview. He has also published a catechism for little ones, consisting of an arrangement of " Luther's Small Catechism" in short answers suggested by easy questions, and entitled " The Be- ginner's Catechism." At the twenty-fifth anniversary of his entrance into the ministry, June, 1889, his alma mater, Pennsylvania College, honored itself and gave him a worthy recognition of his attain- ments and labors by conferring on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1890 he was permitted to see his eldest born and only son, John William, ordained to the office of the ministry by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He is a gradu- ate of Muhlenberg ('87) and of the Philadelphia Seminary, and is now serving a congregation at Sayre, Pa. This is the record of a busy life well spent. But Dr. Eich- ards is now only in middle life, and has, we trust, many years of activity and usefulness before him. With his associates he has undergone the trials, labors, and privations inevitable to all those who undertake to build up a college for their church, and, with his associates, deserves the lasting gratitude of the entire church. S. E. O. WILLIAM WACKEENAGEL, D.D. The German language is deservedly held in high esteem by the authorities of Muhlenberg College, and the German profes- sorship has been occupied by some of the best German scholars 204 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of the Lutheran Church. The present incumbent is no excep- tion to the rule by which the trustees have been guided in their selection of professors. He has brought to the position which he occupies a mind well stored with knowledge, and a wide experience among the people for whose interest he was to con- tinue to labor in the discharge of his professorial labors. William Wackernagel was born at Basel, on the Ehine, Switz- erland, September 25, 1838. His father, Wilh. Wackernagel, Ph. D., LL. D. (born in Berlin, 1806, died at Basel, 1869), was Professor of the German Language and Literature in the Uni- versity of Basel (founded in 1460) from 1833 to 1869. He was a distinguished theologian, and stood very high among the scholars of Germany, and was a member of numerous learned societies, among which were the Royal Academies of Berlin and Munich. His numerous works on old and middle high German literature are still appreciated by the scholars of his native land, and Germans everywhere. His distinguished brother, Philip W., D. D., is known to our church as the author of the standard work on German Hymnology and to the stu- dents of Muhlenberg as the author of the " Lesebuch" used in the study of German. His mother (died in 1849) was a sister of Dr. Caspar Bluntschly, Professor of Political Science at Munich and Heidelberg. One of bis younger brothers is Pro- fessor of the Greek Language and Literature in the University of Basel. From these statements it can readily be seen that the subject of this sketch belongs to a family of scholars, and that the members of bis family have for years been interested in the work of education. It is very natural to suppose that he en- joyed unusual educational advantages. This we find to have been the case. He enjoyed the advantage of being educated in the lower and higher schools of his native city, which has for a long time enjoyed a world-wide reputation for its excellent educational institutions. He thus had the advantage of growing up in a scholarly atmosphere, and enjoyed the use of his father's large and well-selected library, of which he made good use, * especially since from early youth he was very fond of reading. After a full course of study in the institutions of his native BIOGRAPHICAL. 205 city, he was in 1859 sent by a missionary society to Jerusalem, where he remained attached to the missionary staff until 1870. His long sojourn in the Holy Land gave him many oppor- tunities of becoming thoroughly acquainted with the language and customs of the people, of which he has been making faith- ful use in his pastoral and professorial labors. An invitation from the Eev. J. J. Kuendig, pastor of St. John's German Lutheran Church, Eeading, Pa., to become his assistant in the publication of his paper, Ber Pilger, and to aid in the establishment of the Pilger Bookstore, caused him to resign his position in the Holy Land and come to this country in September of 1870. He felt at homo in America from the very first, identified himself early with the work of the church, and became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1876. "While busily engaged in the pursuits of an editor and pub- lisher, he nevertheless continued his theological and literary studies. In 1875, during Eev. Kuendig's European trip, he regularly supplied his pulpit, and speaks feelingly of numerous manifestations of kindness from Eevs. Kuendig, Hinterleitner, Schmucker, and others. Having received a call from St. John's Church at Mauch Chunk, Pa., he was ordained to the office of the ministry by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in Trinity Church, Eeading, Pa., in June, 1876. He was pas- tor of St. John's Church from 1876 to 1881, and of St. John's Church, East Mauch Chunk, from 1878 to 1881. During this time he served as German secretary of the Second Confer- ence for three years, and manifested a deep interest in the various enterprises of Conference and Synod, enjoying the confidence and high esteem of his brethren in the ministry, English as well as German. In 1880 he was elected Assistant Professor of German in Muhlenberg. He came down to Allentown three days every week and taught the two lower classes. President Sadtler still instructing the two higher classes. In the spring of 1881 he moved to Allentown and took charge of the German depart- ment at the opening of the following scholastic year. In June of that year he was elected German secretary of the Minis- 206 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. terium of Pennsylvania, the duties of which responsible office he discharged in connection with his other numerous duties until June of 1884. After some time the teaching of history- was entrusted to him, and, with President Sadtler's retirement from the presidency, he also took charge of the Biblical depart- ment, the three branches being entirely to his taste. By per- mission of the College authorities he has all along been engaged in pastoral work, as he says, " for recreation," as if he were not already doing the work of several men. He was pastor of St. Thomas' Church, Altonah, Pa., 1882-87, and of Jerusalem Church, Salzburg, Pa., 1884-87. Since that time he has had no congregation of his own, but has been frequently engaged in supplying vacant pulpits and in helping to organize new congregations and doing missionary work. He organized St. Mark's, Aineyville, and St. Joseph's, East Allentown. At pres- ent he is superintendent of St. Stephen's Sunday-school, in the northwestern part of Allentown, and labors as a supply and general missionary in the Lehigh Valley coal regions, preaching in Grerman and English with almost equal facility. He delights in this kind of work, and is only able to keep on in the work on account of his robust physical health and untiring zeal. He has also been successfully engaged in literary work. Not to mention his literary labors prior to 1870, the first book which was published in this country was entitled " Erinnerun- gen an das Heilige Land," written conjointly with Eev. J. Gruhler, of Shenandoah, Pa., a fellow-missionary from Pales- tine. Among his later works the following deserve special mention: "Hans Egede;" " Liedergeschichten," two volumes; " Geschichten in Gedichten," two volumes ; and " Dr. Martin Luther," which has been translated into English by the vener- able Dr. C. W. Schaeffer, and into Norwegian by Eev. Homme, and has had a large circulation. He is at present editor of the Jugend-Freund, the oldest German Sunday-school periodical in our church, and a regular contributor to The Selper and other periodicals of the church. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from Muhlenberg in 1881, and the degree of D. D. from the University of Penn- sylvania in 1883. JOHN ALBERT BAUMAN. BIOGRAPHICAL. 207 He was married to Anna, daughter of Dr. C. Sandreczki, a missionary in the Holy Land, in 1864, and after her death at Beading in 1871, to Anna, daughter of J. C. Deininger, of Beading, in 1873. Dr. Wackernagel has held many positions of honor and trust in the church in America ; he is an earnest and hard worker, and faithful to the trusts committed to him. He has been a member of the Church Book Committee of the General Council since 1874, and is also a member of other important committees. I cannot close this sketch better than by adding his own words in a late communication to me. He says, " I love mj"- work and my students, and am glad to know that I possess the confidence of iny colleagues and the respect of those young men who are students." S. E. 0. JOHN ALBEET BAUMAN, A.M. (73.) BY THE EEV. "WILLIAM K. FEICK, A.M. ('70.) Muhlenberg College was in the third year of its existence when there was received into the preparatory department a young man of two-and-twenty who was destined to take an honored place among the working forces of alma mater. John Albert Bauman, son of John Martin Bauman and Margaret (Kunsman) his wife, was born at South Easton, Pa., September 21 1847. Both parents were members of the Lutheran Church, his mother being especially devout and faithful in her attend- ance upon divine worship. He came to College with a sound mind in a substantial body, having enjoyed the privilege of face-to-face communion with nature common to country boys. As to his schooling, from his tenth to his seventeenth year he had for his school-master, in the public school at Applebachsrille, that excellent instructor who now presides over Prankhn and Marshall College, the Eev. Professor John A. Stahr. Then followed five winters of public-school teaching, which paid his way through the pre- paratory course at Quakertown Academy, the Bev. George M. 208 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Lazarus, principal, and during the spring term of 1869 at Muhlenberg. Then there was an unbroken stretch of seven years of close study, — four at College and three at the Phila- delphia Theological Seminary, with A. B. at the end of his College career, and A. M. in course three years later. In the case of Professor Bauman these degrees were thoroughly well earned. He was a diligent student, honest in preparation, slighting none of the branches laid down in the curriculum. Indeed, the distinguishing characteristics of the man as student and teacher have been thoroughness and con- scientiousness. Time and money were both too precious to be wasted, and so there are no college tricks to tell. But the " professor" was alreadj'^ stirring in the student, who kept his ej'es and wits about him, and carried oflF the German Prize in 1870, the Physiological Prize in 1872, the Junior Oratorical Prize in 1872, and the First Honor and Valedictory in 1873. Carefully eschewing secret societies, Professor Bauman was an active member of the Buterpean Literary Society and the Goethe Verein, and filled the various offices in each. Ordained to the ministry by the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania at Reading, Pa., June 14, 1876, he spent a little over a year (April 23, 1876-July, 1877) as pastor of three congrega- tions in Westmoreland County, within the bounds of the Pitts- burg Synod. As a preacher he is clear, practical, and persua- sive. The key-note of his preaching is " duty," — the duty of believing in Christ Jesus, and of making His perfect life our law and model. His written sermons are of a high order of literarj' merit. He preaches in English and German. God had given him a fit helpmeet in the person of a cul- tured Philadelphia lady, Miss Irene B. Smith. After her sudden death he accepted a call to the vice-principalship of the Keystone State J!formal School, at Kutztown, Berks County, Pa., in which capacity, and as Professor of Mathematics, he served four years. In July, 1880, he was married to Miss Lizzie Kiefer, a graduate of the institution. The union has been blessed with three daughters and one son, of whom the eldest died in 1890. Preferring to labor within church lines, Professor Bauman GEORGE FREDERICK SPIEKER. BIOORAPHICAL. 209 went West in August, 1881, to enter, with his wife, the faculty of Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn., a Swedish - American institution controlled by the Minnesota Conference of the Augustana Synod. During the four years spent here he taught various branches, — as English reading, rhetoric, and literature, and the Latin and German languages. His efforts contributed largely to the Americanization of that school in its methods and curriculum. During the last two years of his stay at St. Peter he superintended the English Sunday-school, organized in the Swedish Lutheran Church, and preached, in conjunction with his two English colleagues, at the English service, then held every Sunday evening in the same church. In 1885, being then in his thirty-eighth year, he accepted a call to the Asa Packer Professorship of the Natural and Ap- plied Sciences at Muhlenberg, and removed to AUentown. He fills the post with credit. His cai-dinal principle in teaching is that the student shall investigate for himself. In order to render this investigation more thorough, the professor has secured from fellow-alumni contributions for the purchase of scientific books and apparatus. Professor Bauman has written but little for the press aside from fugitive newspaper articles for The Lutheran or for The Muhlenberg. His most elaborate article is one on " The Peda- gogical Yalue of the Book of Proverbs," for the Beformed Quarterly Review, January, 1881. At AUentown he resumed church work. As a student he had superintended the First Ward and Hanover Sunday- schools. As professor he supplied the pulpits of Grace Church, Bethlehem, for six months, 1885-86 ; Trinity Church, Catasau- qua. Pa., during the summer of 1886 ; and Fountain Hill, Beth- lehem, Pa,, since 1888, during which time a church has been erected. GEOEGE FREDERICK SPIBKEE, D.D. The Hebrew language has been made one of the languages to be studied at Muhlenberg, and the College was fortunate in securing the services of Dr. Spieker for this department, in 210 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. order to give it at once the standing it deserves and give the students an opportunity to obtain a correct knowledge of the rudiments of the language. George Frederick Spieker, son of Herman Henry and Mar- garet Elizabeth Spieker, was born at Elk Eidge Landing, Howard County, Md., November 17, 1844. He received his early training in the schools of Baltimore and graduated at Baltimore City College in 1863, with first honor and Valedic- tory. He entered the Theological Seminary at Gettj-sburg in the fall of 1863. When, in 1864, the Rev. Dr. Charles F. Schaef- fer was called to the newly-established Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, Mr. Spieker filled the German Professorship in Pennsylvania College for two years, the first year by appoint- ment of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and the second by appointment of the Board of Trustees of the College. After having served two years in this capacity, he determined to finish his theological course and entered the Theological Semi- nary in Philadelphia, founded and carried on by the Ministe- rium of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1867. In the same year, shortly after his graduation, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Ministerium. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Lutheran Church at Kutztown, Pa. At the same time he also served as Professor of the German Language and Literature in the Keystone State Normal School, at the same place, which position he held for one year, and then resigned in order to devote his entire time to the duties of his pastorate. In 1876, when the congregations decided to build a new union church at Kutztown, he withdrew, and with a number of the members of his congregation organized the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Holy Trinity and built a large and commodious chapel in another part of the town, in which the congregation has since been worshipping. In 1883 he accepted the call to become pastor of St. Michael's Evangelical Lutheran Church in Allen- town, the largest German-English congregation in the city. Since 1887 he has been Professor of Hebrew in Muhlenberg College, discharging the duties of this position in connection BIOGRAPHICAL. 211 with the numerous and arduous duties of his pastorate. Since 1886 he has been President of the Board of Trustees of the College, and since 1882 examiner in doctrinal theology of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. In 1887 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Eoanoke College, Salem, Va. Dr. Spieker is a regular contributor to the various periodicals of the Lutheran Church, occupies a prominent rank as an able theologian, and is a graceful and accomplished writer. He is associated with the Eev. S. A. Eepass, D. D., pastor of St. John's English Evangelical Lutheran Church, Allentown, as editor of the Church Messenger, Allentown, writing many of the editorials and furnishing numerous news articles. His literary efforts have taken a wide range. He was associated with Drs. Jacobs and Weidner, as editor of the Lutheran Church Review, Philadelphia, 1883-85, for which he furnished various articles and many book reviews. He has published "Hutter's Compend of Lutheran Theology," translated with Dr. Jacobs, Philadelphia, 1868 ; Wildenhahu's " Martin Luther," translated from the German, 1883 ; " Questions and Answers on Luther's Small Catechism ;'' " The Evangelical Lutheran Church," a tract ; and " Sermon on Conversion," in English and German ; besides numerous articles in various periodicals. He is of German descent, both his parents being natives of Hanover, Geirmany ; but he uses the German and English lan- guages with equal facility. He has preached continuously in both languages since his entrance in the ministry, and has frequently expressed his conviction upon the subject of English and German in our congregations, that he believes the best way to meet the demands of the Lutheran Church in its transition period is to train men in our own institutions who are able to minister to the people in the mother-tongue, be it German, Swedish, ISTorwegian, or any other used among us, but at the same time equally as well in English. This has been the aim of the institution in which he is an instructor and of whose Board of Trustees he is the honored president. German and English are taught so as to enable graduates, if they apply themselves during the course, to use both languages ; and many 212 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of the graduates now preach acceptably in Grerman and English. The subject of this sketch is now, and has been since his ordination in 1867, a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Min- isterium of Pennsylvania, in which he has held many posi- tions of honor and trust, and in whose welfare and educational, benevolent, and missionary operations he has always taken a deep and active interest. He has frequently been sent as dele- gate to the meetings of the General Council and always takes a prominent part in synodical affairs. He is a forcible speaker, always preaching without using a manuscript, and an active and faithful j)astor. He was married to Hannah Hoch, of Maxatawny, Berks County, Pa., October 12, 1869. S. E. O. 3. FOEMER PROFESSORS. JOSEPH febdbeice: fahs. BY THE KEV. MATTHIAS H. KICHAEDS, D. D. Eev. Joseph Frederick Fahs was Professor of History in Muhlenberg College, 1867-70. He was born January 18, 1825, at York, Pa. His parents were Samuel and Catharine Fahs. His education was pursued in select schools and privately. He entered the ministry in 1852, having been ordained by the Maryland Synod. His pastorates were : Hancock, Md., 1852- 55; Newtown, Va., 1857; Williamsport, Pa., 1857-62; Allen- town, Pa., 1862-72 ; Akron, Ohio, 1872-82 ; Canton, Ohio, since 1882. Eev. Fahs was married. May 9, 1854, to Emma Miller, daughter of Eev. Henry S. Miller. During his pastorates he compiled several selections of songs and hymns, prepared a Christmas Service for Sunday-schools, and published various discourses. BIO&RAPMICAL. 213 WILLIAM HBEBST, M.D. BY THE EEV. JOHN A. BAUMAN, A.M. "William Herbst is a son of Frederick "William and Catharine (Schall) Herbst. He was born in Pike Township, Berks County, Pa., September 24, 1833. After taking the course at "Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mass., he entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1855, with the title of M. D. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession. On September 15, 1857, he was married to Bllenora B. Schall. Notwithstanding a large practice, he devoted himself, as his leisure would permit, to the study of botany, in which he has been an authority for years. He has collected a very valuable herbarium. Of late years he has paid especial attention to the Cryptogams. In 1874 he was elected Professor of Botany in Muhlenberg College, which position he filled with ability until his resigna- tion, in 1881. He has of late years served regularly on the committee appointed to assign the prize for work done in the department of botany. From . 1859-72 he was visiting physician of the Lehigh Almshouse. In October, 1885, he published an article on " Mushrooms and Toadstools," in the Chronicle and News of Allentown, and in 1886, in the same paper, an article on " Corn Smut and Su- perstition," and one on " "Welcome, Spring Flowers." EBUBBN HILL, D. D. BY THE EEV. MATTHIAS H. KICHAEDS, D. D. Eev. Eeubon Hill was Assistant Professor of Greek in Muhlenberg College, 1876-80. He was born July 22, 1826, at Hughesville, Pa. His parents were John and Catharine Hill. He prepared for college in schools at Lewisburg, Pa., and en- tered Pennsylvania College, at G-ettysburg, Pa., in 1848, as a 214 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Freshman. He graduated in the class of 1852, receiving the appointment of Valedictorian. He taught at Eoanoke College, 1852-53, and completed a theological course at the Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., entering the Lutheran ministry in 1854. His pastorates embraced the following: Gettysburg, Pa., 1855-59 ; Hagerstown, Md., 1859-60 ; Pittsburg, Pa., 1860-66 ; Ehinebeck, K Y., 1866-69 ; Eochester, K Y., 1869-74 ; Allen- town, Pa., 1874-85. He relinquished the pastorate at Allentown to undertake the work of endowment of the Theological Semi- nary at Philadelphia, Pa., the superin tendency of the construc- tion of its new buildings at Mt. Airy, and is still engaged in the continuance and development of this work at the present writing. He received D. D. from Muhlenberg in 1892. During his pastorate at Allentown he was, in addition to the professorial aid given for a time, a trustee of Muhlenberg Col- lege, 1875-85, and served as its treasurer, 1883-85. He took an active part in furthering the interests of the institution during his official connection with it, receiving the respect of those with whom he was associated, as in his pastoral work also. Eev. Hill was married June 2, 1857, to Eosa P., daughter of Professor C. P. Schaeffer, D. D. The labors of the pastorate and his various official positions in the several synods to which he successively belonged, and the necessity, for much of his time, of attention to the financial exigencies or missionary opera- tions of his charges, left naturally but little time for literary effort outside of that demanded for the pulpit. A number of sermons delivered upon special occasions, however, were pub- hshed by request, in pamphlet form, at various times. He contributed also an article to the Evangelical Review, vol. xi. 369, "Israel under the Second Great Monarchy.'' WILLIAM E. HOFFOED, D.D. The subject of this sketch was the first Professor of Latin in Muhlenberg College, and although other important duties soon called him away from the newly-established institution, BIOGRAPHICAL. 215 yet his name deserves an honorable place in our list of " former professors," in view of the fact that he helped to inaugurate the important work which has been carried on since by other hands. William E. Hofford was born in Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pa., May 8, 1833. He received his preparatory training at AUentown Seminary, founded and for many years successfully conducted by the Eev. C. E. Kessler, A. M., a clergy- man of the Eeformed Church. In this seminary he prepared for college, and entered the Junior Class in Franklin and Mar- shall College, Lancaster, Pa., and graduated in 1855. In the fall of the same year he entered the Theological Seminary of the Eeformed Church, Mercersburg, Pa., and after completing his course of studies was licensed to preach by the Bast Penn- sylvania Classis of the Eeformed Church, assembled in annual convention at Farmersville, Northampton County, Pa., May 12, 1858. He accepted the principalship of the AUentown Seminary, and entered upon the duties of his office May 1, 1859, and con- tinued to discharge the duties of this responsible position until April of 1864. One who was himself a student of the Semi- nary speaks of him as an able and faithful instructor. " As a student of the founder, he had imbibed his spirit, and was ac- quainted with his theory and method of teaching. As a Penn- sylvania German, he knew the peculiar wants of our people. As a teacher of experience, he was well qualified for the respon- sible position upon which he entered." He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Ee- formed Church, and was installed, February 1, 1863, as pastor of Lower Saucon charge, by a committee of East Pennsylvania Classis. He served this charge acceptably for a period of six years. In 1867, when Muhlenberg College was established, he was elected to the Professorship of the Latin Language and Litera- ture, and thus became a member of the fi.rst faculty of the new College. He entered upon the duties of his office with the other members of the faculty, September 4, 1867. Before the close of the month, however, he tendered his resignation in 216 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. order to assume the duties of the presidency of AUentown Female College, which had succeeded the female department of AUentown Collegiate Institute. This position he held until April 16, 1883. On January 1, 1884, he became pastor of the Egypt charge, in Lehigh County, where he now labors with the same earnest- ness and fidelity which he has previously manifested in the positions of honor and trust which he has held during his busy life. He is an excellent educator, a faithful and conscientious pas- tor, and a sound and conservative theologian, eminently worthy of the degree of D. D., which he received in 1886 from Franklin and Marshall College. S. B. O. EDWAED JACKSON KOONS. BY THE KEV. MATTHIAS H. EICHAEDS, D.D. Eev. Edward Jackson Koons was Vice-President and Pro- fessor of Mathematics in Muhlenberg College, 1867-69, and also Secretary of the Board of Trustees during this same period, having been previously Principal of the Collegiate Institute which preceded the organization of the College. He was born, March 12, 1830, in York, Pennsylvania. His parents were Henry and Elizabeth Koons (Kuntz). Having prepared for college, he entered the Freshman Class of Penn- sylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., in 1855. He was tutor in the same institution, 1858-59 ; taught subsequently at Aarons- burg and Bellefonte, 1859 ; was licensed to preach in 1859, and was pastor at Whitemarsh, Pa., 1860-63, and St. Matthew's, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1863-65. Subsequent to his connection with Muhlenberg College he became editor of the AUentown Daily News (1869-70), and removed still later to Jonestown, Pa., where he was Principal of Heilman Hall Academy, 1876-80. In 1876 he united with the Episcopal Church, was admitted to deacon's orders in 1878. In 1880 he removed to Pottsville, Pa., and became assistant Eector of Trinity P. B. Church of that place, being in charge BIOGRAPHICAL. 217 also of several neighboring churches. In 1886 he had charge at Douglassville, Pa. In 1889 his health, previously impaired, failed again, and he removed to Island Pond, Vt., in the hope of recuperating. This hope proving fallacious, he returned to Eidgewood, a health resort near Eeading, Pa., where he died May, 1890. He was married to Anna E. Weigle, of York, Pa. Eev. Koons was a man of restless energy, general scholarship, and an earnest spirit. His Episcopal brethren bear generous testimony to his zeal and fidelity. He has published a number of articles in the Evangelical Review, prepared a question-book on Luther's Catechism, and a work entitled " Staff and Light for the Young Christian on his Pilgrimage.'' G-BOEGE FEEDBEICK MILLBE, A. M. The German Department of Muhlenberg College has always received special attention, and has had, as instructors in it, some of the foremost German scholars in the Lutheran Church. Among the scholarly men who occupied this professorship must be mentioned the subject of this sketch. George Frederick Miller, the son of George Miller, was born at Falkner Swamp (New Hanover), Montgomery County, Pa., April 28, 1824. The place of his birth is one of the oldest German settlements in Pennsylvania and is a Lutheran strong- hold. The subject of this sketch was a nephew of Eevs. Con- rad and Jacob Miller, both of whom were eminent clergymen in the Lutheran Church. After taking a full collegiate course, he graduated, with first honor, at the University of Pennsylvania in 1843. Among his classmates were Judge James E. Ludlow, of Philadelphia, and General George B. McClellan. After graduation he studied theology under Dr. Demme, of Phila- delphia, for a year or more, and then took a three years' course in Princeton Theological Seminary, graduating in 1847. He was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1848, and became pastor of the Lutheran Church at Pottstown. He held this position for ten years, and then, in 1858, the con- 15 218 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. gregation having become very large, he went out with a num- ber of his leading members who desired English services, and organized the English Lutheran Church of the Transfiguration. The corner-stone of the new church was laid August 5, 1859, and the completed church was dedicated during the following year. He was the pastor of this congregation for ten years, when he resigned to take charge of the Hill School for Boys, a widely-known school, located at Pottstown. He occupied the principalship of this school for three years. His connection with Muhlenberg College dates from the year 1872, when he accepted the position of Principal of the Aca- demic Department. In the fall of the same year he was elected to the Professorship of the German Language and Literature in the collegiate department. He occupied this chair until the y6ar 1878, when he returned to the active duties of the min- istry, taking charge of mission congregations at Vineland and Millville, N. J., and residing in Camden. He was engaged in this work until his death, which occurred January 9, 1884, at the age of fifty-nine years, eight months, and twenty-eight days. His remains were taken to Pottstown and laid to rest in the cemetery where he had so often officiated in the burial of the dead during his long pastorate at that place. He was married to Emily, daughter of the Eev. Daniel Weiser. His only son, William J. Miller, is pastor of a Lu- theran congregation at Leechburg, Armstrong County, Pa. Many of the students of Eev. Miller remember him as a kind, loving, and scholarly instructor, who was always greatly interested in their welfare. He was a profound scholar and thinker, and his attainments took a wide range, — languages, classics, history, theology, science, literature, etc., and he was an extensive reader, a close observer, and a man possessed of a vast store of information on all subjects. He was a forcible and eloquent speaker, ranking high as a preacher in the Lutheran Church. S. E. O. BIOGRAPHICAL. 219 FEBDBEICK W. A. NOTZ, Ph.D. Frederick William Augustus Notz, son of the Eev. Theophil Notz, a minister of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, was born near the city of Weinsberg, "Wiirtemberg, February 2, 1841. In his tenth year he entered the Latin School at Leonberg, and in his twelfth year, 1853, the Eoj^al Gymnasium at Stuttgart, two years later the Grymnasium of Maulbom, where he pur- sued a four years' course, and in 1859 he entered the University of Tiibingen, from which he graduated in 1863. After suc- cessfully passing the examination preparatory to entry into the ministry of the Lutheran Church, he determined to remain another year at the University in order to devote special atten- tion to the study of classical philology and pedagogics. At the close of his University career he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1866 he came to America. After residing in G-eorgia as a private tutor in a family and filling temporarily the Professor- ship of German in Pennsylvania College, he became Professor of German in Muhlenberg, in 1869, where he remained until 1872, when he accepted the Professorship of Greek Language and Literature at the Northwestern University at Watertown, "Wis., which position he now holds. He has for fifteen years held the position of inspector of the University and as editor of a German monthly periodical published by the Lutheran Synod of Wisconsin. He takes a leading part in literary and synodical affairs. In 1875 he was married to Julia Schulz, Watertown, Wis. S. E. O. SAMUEL PHILIPS, A.M. The first faculty of the College consisted of a number of men interested in the new enterprise, both of the Lutheran and Eeformed churches, who were then resident in AUentown. Among these was the Eev. Samuel Philips, A. M., a clergyman in connection with the Eeformed Church. He was provisionally appointed to serve as Professor of Ehetoric, Logic, English Lit- erature, and Political Economy, and served in this capacity 220 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. during a part of the first scholastic year. Through the kind- ness of his son, Melville Philips, at present connected with the Philadelphia Press, the editor of this volume is enabled to present the following brief sketch of the life of Eev. Philips. Samuel Philips was born at Hagerstown, Md., June 14, 1830. He equipped himself at an early age for entrance to the Theo- logical Seminary at Mercersburg, Pa., whence he was graduated, and afterwards ordained to the ofl9.ce of the ministry in the Ger- man Eeformed Church. His first charge was at Burkittsville, Md., and afterwards he was pastor, successively, of Eeformed Churches at Jefferson, Md., Dayton, Ohio, Chambersburg, Carlisle, and Allentown, Pa., and Baltimore, Md. From Balti- more he went, in 1871, to the Presbyterian Church in Upper Eoxborough, Philadelphia, where he remained as pastor until 1877, when he organized, in the same community, the congre- gation known as the Leverington Presbyterian Church. In 1880 he became associated with the late Eev. Dr. Harper, of Philadelphia, in the pastorate of a mission in the northern quar- ter of the city, resigning this work in a few years to accept the charge of the Presbyterian Church at Doe Eun, Chester County, Pa. This was his last field of ministerial activity. In August of 1885 he was stricken down with paralysis, and was for years a helpless and hopeless invalid. His fatal illness was greatly aggravated by the recent and unexpected death of his wife, who had hitherto stood by him in his illness, to minister to his wants, and who had shared with him the pleasures and duties as well as the sorrows of life. Eev. Philips died at Germantown, Pa., September 1, 1892, at the age of sixty-nine years. "While stationed at Carlisle, Pa., during the Confederate in- vasion of Pennsylvania, Eev. Philips served as chaplain and lieutenant in the militia organized for the defence of the town. He was always a man of superabundant vitality, and to his almost wasteful expenditure of energy in various channels of pastoral duty is due his premature physical collapse. He was a ready and voluminous writer, among his published works being " The Christian Home" (a subscription book of which many thousand copies have been sold), " The Voice of Blood," and " Gethsemane and the Cross." S. E. O. BIOGRAPHICAL. 221 JACOB B. EATH, A.M. Every institution, in the early years of its existence, has need of some men, within easy reach, who can fill any position in the management of its affairs. Such a man was the subject of this sketch, who was for many years a member of the Board of Trustees, a member of the Examining Committee, and at various times filled temporarily several professorships. Jacob B. Eath, son of Jacob and Susanna Rath, was born near Hellertown, Northampton County, Pa., February 14, 1834. Ho was of humble parentage, and spent the early years of his life on the farm, engaged in the varied labors connected with farming. He received the rudiments of his education in the public school of his native township, and was confirmed at the age of seventeen years by the Eev. Joshua Yeager. After teaching public school in the districts where his elder brother, the Eev. William Eath, had previously taught, and, influenced by him, he was led to devote his life to the services of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He entered the preparatory department of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, in 1853, and graduated from the collegiate department in 1858, with second honor. He entered the Theological Seminary at the same place in the fall of 1858, and graduated in 1860. At the meet- ing of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in the same year, he was ordained to the office of the ministry, and became pastor at Nazareth, where he labored faithfully and successfully until 1865, when he accepted a call as pastor of Salem Lutheran Church, Bethlehem. In connection with his labors as pastor of this congregation, he also served, at different times, the congre- gations at Dryland, Earmersville, South Easton, Altonah, Pree- mansburg, and South Bethlehem. By his efforts and labors he succeeded in effecting numerous divisions of large parishes, until in 1872 there were four self-supporting parishes where there had formerly been only one parish, under the care of one pastor. He now confined his labors to Salem congregation ; but this congregation grew and prospered under his faithful ministry to such an extent that a division became necessary. Followed by some of his leading members, he organized Grace 222 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. English Lutheran congregation, and built a large and beautiful church in another part of the city. To this congregation he devoted the remainder of his life, and succeeded in building up an active and influential English congregation. He held the offices of secretary and treasurer, respectively, of the Synod for a number of years ; member of the Board of Trustees of the College, elected by the stockholders, 1869-76, and elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1876 until his death, in 1885 ; Educational Committee, 1873-77, and Examina- tion Committee, 1877 until his death ; and the last year of his life also a member of the Central Executive Committee. On April 9, 1869, he was elected as provisional Professor of German, and consented to serve, in connection -with his pastoral labors, until another man could be secured. This was accom- plished in June of the same year. At the opening of the new scholastic year, 1869, he succeeded the Eev. J. F. Fahs as Pro- fessor of History, which position he held until June 26, 1871. In connection with the Eev. F. W. "Weiskotten he founded the Church Messenger in 1875, a monthly paper which has gained a large circulation in the church, the publication of which he continued until 1885. He was married to Elizabeth C. Sellers, of Nazareth, Pa., June 25, 1861. He died at Bethlehem, Pa., August 6, 1885, at the age of fifty-one years, four months, and twenty-three days. He was a man of unsullied private character and of good report in the community where he lived and labored. His piety was sincere, consistent, and modest. He was firm and decided in his convictions, and the aim of his life was to adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things. As a preacher he was clear and logical, and possessed of special powers to illustrate the truth of God's Word. As a pastor he was faith- ful, sympathetic, and succeeded in winning and retaining the love and esteem of those to whom he ministered. Even those from whom duty compelled him to differ were constrained to honor and esteem him for his fidelity to his convictions. S. E. O. BIOGRAPHICAL. 223 HANS NIKOLAUS EIIS. BY THE REV. WILLIAM WACKEENA6EL, D. D. Hans Nikolaus Eiis was born at Luegumkloster, in the duchy of Schleswig, Germany, January 27, 1822. He was sent to the Gold Coast, West Africa, by the Basel Missionary So- ciety in 1844. Being thoroughly at home in the Greek and Latin classics, as well as in Arabic and Sanscrit, he was in- structed by his society to devote himself especially to literary labors. The first grammar of the important Ga language was written by H. N. Eiis, who also began the translation of the Holy Scriptures into that widely-spread African tongue. Shortly after his arrival in this country he became pastor of the church at Eoxboro, Pa. In 1868 he accepted a call to the German Professorship in Muhlenberg College. He occupied this position until the close of the scholastic year in 1869, and after- wards returned to his native country. He is still living there as pastor of the church at Eeisby, near Scherrebeck, Schleswig. The venerable Pastor F. Walz, of Sellersville, Pa., who was H. N. Eiis' fellow-student in the Missionary College at Basel from 1843 to 1844, says of him: "H. N. Eiis was a man of eminent talents and extensive knowledge, but of a very quiet disposition and of an exceedingly modest manner. He was a regular bookworm, and greatly preferred the solitude of his study to the bustle of active life ; but withal he was a man of sterling worth, faithful and honest to the core." BBNJAMIlSr WILLIAM SCHMAUK, A.M. Benjamin William, son of Benjamin and Theresa Schmauk, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., October 26, 1828. He was baptized and confirmed by the Eev. C. E. Demme, D. D. In his early boyhood he attended the parochial school of St. Michael's and Zion's German Lutheran congregation, Philadelphia, taught by his uncle, J. Gottfried Schmauk. Having passed through the city Grammar School and graduated in the English course of 224 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. the city High School, he served an apprenticeship at silver- plating from his sixteenth to his twentieth year. Encouraged by Drs. Mann and Demme, he commenced a course of studj;-, preparatory to the study of theology, under the private instruction of Dr. Mann, whose first student he was. After an unfinished course in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., he continued his theological studies under Dr. Mann, and, having finished the prescribed course, passed the synodical examination at the meeting of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, held in Beading in 1853, when he was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. While a theological student under the instruction of Dr. Mann he was for several years superintendent of the Lutheran Mission Sunday-school on Christian Street, in the lower part of Philadelphia, from which developed Emanuel German Lutheran congregation at Fourth and Carpenter Streets, now served by the Eev. H. Grahn. After his ordination he became pastor of Zion's German Lutheran congregation, Lancaster, Pa., as suc- cessor of the aged Father William Beates, and remained pastor of this congregation until the year 1864, when he accepted a call from Salem Lutheran congregation, Lebanon, Pa., be- coming the successor of the Eev. Henry S. Miller. In 1876 he became the pastor of the newly-organized St. Michael's Lu- theran congregation, Allentown, Pa., which he served with manifest success until the year 1883, when he was recalled as pastor of Salem Lutheran congregation, which he still serves, with his son, the Eev. Theodore E. Schmauk, as colleague. The subject of this sketch has always taken a prominent and active part in the general work of the church. He was one of the delegates of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania at the mem- orable meeting of the General Synod at York, Pa., in 1864, when the Pennsylvania delegation withdrew. During his pas- torate at Lebanon he organized St. Paul's congregation at Ann- ville. Pa. (General Council), and for some time supplied the vacant congregations at Myerstown and Jonestown. Since his latter pastorate at Lebanon he has organized several Lutheran congregations in and near Lebanon. He was German secre- tary of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania from 1868 to 1870, BIOGRAPHICAL. 225 declining re-election in the latter year. During the years 1878- 79 he temporarily occupied the chair of German in Muhlenberg College, discharging the duties of this position in connection with his duties as pastor of St. Michael's congregation. At this time the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College con- ferred on him the honorary degree of A. M. In 1876 ho be- came a member of the Board of Trustees of the College, but resigned before the expiration of his term of office. In 1882 he was re-elected to the same position, and again in 1889, hold- ing the position at the present time. In 1882 he was elected president of the Second Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and held the position until his removal into the territory of another Conference. Since 1889 he has been president of the Fourth Conference of the same body. Eev. Schmauk is an interesting speaker and an active and efficient pastor. His pastoral labors have been specially suc- cessful in building up congregations and organizing new con- gregations. He takes a prominent and active part in the various missionary, benevolent, and educational operations of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and has held, as appears from the above outline sketch of his life, many positions of honor and trust in his Synod. S. E. O. BDGAE PAHS SMITH, Ph.D. BY THE EBY. JOHN A. BAUMAN, A.M. Edgar Pahs Smith was born May 23, 1854, in "West Man- chester Township, York County, Pennsylvania. He took his preparatory course in a York County academy, then under the principalship of Dr. George W. Euly, an excellent instructor. He entered the Junior Class of Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg, Pa., in 1872, and graduated in 1874 as B. S., having shown himself a very enthusiastic student. Immediately upon his graduation he went to Gottingen, Germany, as a special student of chemistry. In 1876 he received the degree of Ph.D. from that institution. His graduating thesis was 226 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. " Ueber Trisubstituirte Benzolverbindungen und die Einwirk- ung von Chlor auf Benzyltrichloride." From 1876 to 1881 he was assistant in Analytical Chemistry in the Towne Scientific School of the University of Pennsyl- vania. Prom 1881 to 1883 he was Professor of Chemistry in Muhlenberg College, a position which he filled with signal ability. In 1883 he went to Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, to fill the chair of Natural Sciences. He is now (1892) Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. He was married April 10, 1879, to Miss Margie A. Gruel, of Gettysburg, Pa. He is a man of rare gifts and attainments, and a fertile author. The following is a list of his articles in chemical journals : 1876. — Ueber Trisubstituirte Benzolverbindung und die Bin- wirkung von Chlor auf Benzyltrichloride. 1877. — Upon some New Chlorine Derivatives of Toluene ; Upon Diehlorsalicylic Acid ; New Method for the Decomposi- tion of Chromic Iron ; Precipitation of Copper by Sodium Carbonate. 1878. — Scheme for the Detection of Organic and Inorganic Acids ; Determination of Phosphorus in Cast Iron ; Beryllium Borate ; Upon a New Monochlordinitrophenol and Alphamono- chlordinitrophenol Aniline. 1879. — Detection of Iron by means of Salicylic Acid ; Ueber eine Neue Dichlorsalicylsaeure und Binige Derivaten der bei 172° C. Schmelzenden Metachlorsalicylsaeure ; Analysis of a Calculus Found in a Deer ; Products Obtained by the Nitration of Metachlorsalicylic Acid ; On a New Base ; On the Electro- lytic Estimation of Cadmium. 1880 Electrolytic Method applied to Cadmium ; New Ee- sults in Electrolysis. 1881. — Synthesis of Salicylic Acid. 1882. — Corundum and Wavellite ; Determination of Boracic Acid ; Electrolysis of Bismuth Solutions. 1883. — Minerals from Lehigh County ; Minerals from Berks County, Pa. 1884. — ^Mineralogical Notes. BIOGRAPHICAL. 227 1885. — Electrolysis of Molybdenum Solutions ; Substitution Products from, Salicylic Acid. 1886. — Electrolytic Determinations and Separations. 1887. — Electrolysis of Lead Solutions ; Dihalogen Derivatives of Salicylic Acid. 1888. — The Electrolytic Method Applied to Iron ; Action of the Gas arising from As^O, and HNO, upon M-Oxylenzoic Acid. 1889. — The Electrolytic Method applied to Mercury-Sepa- ration from Copper; Oxidations by Means of the Electric Current (first paper) ; The Electrolytic Separation of Cadmium from Zinc ; The Compound C^iClj, ; Derivatives obtained from Monochlor-dinitrophenol and Aromatic Bases ; Electrolytic Sep- arations (first paper) ; Yanadium in Caustic Potash ; Action of the Gas from As,0, upon p-Oxybenzoic Acid. 1890. — Electrolytic Separations (second paper) ; The Electro- lytic Method applied to Palladium ; Electrolytic Separations (third paper) ; The Electrolysis of Metallic Phosphates in Acid Solution (first paper) ; Oxidations by Means of the Electric Current (second paper); Action of Hydrogen Sulphide Gas upon Metal-amines. 1891. — Electrolysis of Metallic Phosphates in Acid Solution (second paper) ; Electrolytic Method applied to Ehodium ; Electrolytic Determination of Mercury ; Electrolytic Determi- nation of Gold ; The Decomposition of Chromite by Means of the Electric Current ; Electrolytic Separations (fourth paper) ; The Determination of Tungstic and Molybdic Acids; The Electrolytic Separation of Copper and Mercury ; The Decom- position of the Mineral Chalcooite by the Electric Current; The Electrolysis of Iron in Tartrate Solutions. Besides these, he has published the following books : " Scheme for the Detection of Organic and Inorganic Acids," 1878; "Translation of Classen's Quantitative Analysis," 1878"; " Chemical Analysis of Urine" (with Dr. James Marshall), 1881; " Scheme for Qualitative Analysis," 1883 ; "Translation of Von Eichter's Inorganic Chemistry," 1883, — second edition, 1885 ; third edition, 1887 ; fourth edition in preparation ; "Translation of Von Eichter's Organic Chemistry," 1886, — 228 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. second edition, 1891 ; " Electrochemical Analysis," 1890 ; and "Chemical Experiments" (with Dr. Keller), ,1890,— second edition, 1891. NERO S. STEASSBUEGBE, D.D. Nero S., son of the Eev. J. N. and Caroline Strassburger, was born at Sellersville, Pa., August 7, 1819. He received his classical training at Marshall College, graduating in 1844, and studied theology in the Theological Seminary of the Eeformed Church, graduating in 1847. In the same year he was ordained to the oflace of the ministry in the Eeformed Church. He was pastor at Friedensburg seven years ; at Pottstown nine years ; and of Zion's Church, Allen town, eighteen years. After re- tiring from the pastorate just named, he lived in well-earned retirement in Allentown until his death, which occurred June 27, 1888. In October, 1867, during his pastorate in Allentown, he was elected Professor of Ehetoric, Logic, English Literature, and Political Economy in Muhlenberg College, to serve temporarily until a successor could be elected. He served in this capacity for a short time ; but during the time he was connected with the College he discharged the duties of the position with the same fidelity as he discharged his pastoral duties in the congre- gation of which he was pastor for many years. S. B. O. NATHANIEL WILEY THOMAS, Ph.D. BY THE EEV. JOHN A. BAUMAN, A.M. Nathaniel Wiley Thomas is the son of Samuel Wesley and Margaret Ann Thomas. He was born in Philadelphia, July 7, 1861, and received his early education in the public schools of that city, but in 1872 entered Eugby Academy and graduated from it in 1877. In September of the same year he entered the Scientific Course of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated as Bachelor of Science in 1881. While attending BIOGRAPHICAL. 229 the University he became intimately acquainted with Professor Edgar P. Smith, and when, in 1881, the latter took charge of the chair of Natural Sciences in Muhlenberg College, Professor Thomas accompanied him, for the purpose of taking under his instruction a special course in Chemistry and Mineralogy, with a view to the attainment of the degree of Ph. D., which was accordingly bestowed upon him by Muhlenberg College in 1883. The same year he received the degree of A. M. from Wooster University, Wooster, Ohio. He was in 1883 elected to the position of acting Professor of Chemistry in Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, which he filled for a short time, but in the fall of the year ho became the Asa Packer Professor of Katural and Applied Sciences in Muhlenberg College. He resigned in 1885 to accept the posi- tion of Professor of Chemistry in Girard College, Philadelphia, which he still holds. While professor at Muhlenberg, in 1884, he was married to Elizabeth J. Macdonald, of Philadelphia. In 1889 he was appointed a member of the Pennsylvania Commission to the Paris Exposition. He is the author of the following short treatises : " Deter- mination of Iron by Means of Permanganate of Potassium," " Manganese Borate,'' " Corundum from Lehigh County," and " The Electrolytic Study of Bismuth." EEVEEB FEANKLIIf WBIDNER, D.D. BY THE KEY. MATTHIAS H. EICHAKDS, D.D. Dr. Weidner filled the chair of "English and History" at Muhlenberg College, 1875-77. Practically the professorship included various other studies of a rhetorical and logical nature ; it was served in connection with the pastorate of a congregation in Phillipsburg, N. J., where the subject of this sketch had his residence. Eevere Franklin Weidner was born November 22, 1851, at Centre Valley, Lehigh County, Pa. His parents were William Peter Weidner and Eliza Ann (Blank), his wife. His early 230 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. training and preparation for college were received at Allentown, Pa., in schools of which Dr. Gregory and Professor M. L. Hofford were, respectively, the principals. When Muhlenberg College began its career in 1867, his preparation had progressed so far that he was enabled to enter as a Junior, and graduated, consequently, in the class of 1869. His career as a student will be found more fully stated in the annals of that class ; it will be sufficient to state here that he held the first place in it, and received the appointment of Yaledictorian in its commencement exercises. Having acted as tutor in the College for a year subsequent to graduation, and having assisted in this position also during his senior year, he entered the Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia in the fall of 1870, and completed his studies there in 1873, applying for and receiving ordination immediately upon his graduation. Dr. Weidner's career in the pastoral office embraces the in- cumbency of congregations at Phillipsburg, N. J. (1873-78), and at Philadelphia, Pa. (1878-82). While successfully and vigorously engaged in this work, his sympathies were enlisted for the success of the Swedish Lutherans' plans for their edu- cational institutions, and his own scholarly predilections in- clined him to accede to an invitation to a professorship among them. In 1882, therefore, he became Professor of Dogmatics and Exegesis at Augustana Theological Seminary, Eock Island, 111. In 1887 he increased his labors by becoming a lecturer on the English Bible and a Professor of New Testament Greek at Chautauqua, N. T. He has continued in both of these positions up to the present. In 1891 he removed to Chicago, 111., and became pastor of an English Lutheran congregation and pro- fessor in the newly opened Lutheran Theological Seminary in that city, and chairman of its faculty. He received the title of Doctor of Divinity from Carthage College in 1887. Dr. Weidner was married, July 10, 1873, to Miss Emma Salome Jones. His life has been one of incessant industry, acquisition, and publication, along with the labors of the posi- tions he has held. The only interval of which we are aware was a visit to Europe in 1884, during which his more especial BIOGRAPHICAL. 231 object was to make a personal inspection of the Universities of TJpsala, Leipsic, and Berlin. Dr. Weidner has published the following works : " Theo- logical Encyclopaedia," — Volume I., "Exegetical Theology;" Volume II., " Historical and Systematic Theology ;" Volume III., "Practical Theology;" "Biblical Theology of the Old Testament;" "Biblical Theology of the New Testament," two volumes; "Studies in the Book: New Testament," three vol- umes ; " Old Testament," four volumes ; " System of Dogmatic Theology," two volumes ; " Introductory New Testament Greek Method ;" " Syntax of New Testament Greek ;" " Comnlentary on Mark;" "Commentary on Matthew;" "Christian Ethics;" " Luther's Small Catechism." All of these have been favorably received and highly commended by various able critics. THEODOEE CONEAD YEAGEE, M.D. BY THE KEY. JOHN A. BAUMAN, A.M. Theodore Conrad Yeager was born in Allentown, Pa., April 1, 1828. His father was the widely-known, venerable Father Yeager ; his mother was a Grim. He received his early educa- tion at the Allentown Seminary and Academy, under the prin- cipalships of the Eev. C. E. Kessler and Professor I. N. Gregory, both well-known educators. Upon leaving the school-room he was apprenticed to Joseph Weiss, the jeweller. Two years later he entered the oflSce of Dr. Chas. L. Martin as a medical student, attending lectures during the winter at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated in 1860, with the degree of M. D., and at once began to practise at Allentown. Soon afterward he started a drug-store in part- nership with Dr. W. E. Barnes. In 1862 he was appointed assistant medical examiner for Lehigh County, and from July 6 to August 4, 1863, he was assistant surgeon of the Fifty-first Eegiment. When Muhlenberg College began its career, he was elected the Professor of Chemistry and Botany, which position he held 232 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. until elected Mayor of Allentown in 1873. He was appointed College physician in 1868. In the first term of Grant's administration he was appointed deputy-collector of internal revenue for the sixth district, and in 1872 he stumped the State for Grant and Hartranft. "While mayor ho was overcome by nervous prostration and died January 18, 1874. The funeral services were held in St. John's Lutheran Church ; Dr. F. A. Muhlenberg, the President of Muhlenberg College, preached in English, Professor Geo. F. Miller in German, and Professor T. L. Seip officiated at the grave. In 1862 he was married to Miss Emma Wilson, the daughter of Thos. B. Wilson, a well-known merchant of Allentown. He left two children, one son and one daughter. The Allentown Democrat of January 21, 1874, says, " Allen- town never had a chief magistrate of greater efficiency or more unswerving integrity." INSTEUCTOKS IN THE ACADEMIC DE- , PARTMENT. In presenting sketches of the instructors in this department, the statement deserves to be made that most of the men who have labored here are also graduates of the institution, sketches of whose lives will be found in other portions of this volume. In the earlier periods of the history of the College, the prin- cipal of the department was assisted by one or more of the students in the higher classes ; later, recent graduates were employed by the authorities for the management of the de- partment. Following is a list of twenty-eight instructors of the Academic Department : Eev. James F. Beates ('80) was assistant instructor, 1878-81. See sketch under '' Alumni." Eev. William A. Beates ('72) was Principal of the Academic Department, 1873-78, and one of the instructors, 1878-80. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." BIOGRAPHICAL. 233 William Leander Blaokman was Instructor in Penmanship and Commercial Branches, 1878-79. He is a son of William M. and Abigail S. Blackman ; was born at North Coventry, Conn., May 17, 1843. He received his training in public and private schools early in life, and later took a course in business colleges at New Haven, Conn., and Providence, E. I., graduating at the latter place, March 30, 1865. He established the Allen- town Business College in 1869, and has ever since been at the head of this institution, having been very successful in his en- terprise. The institution is now recognized as one of the lead- ing institutions of its kind in the State. His work in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg was done in connection with the manifold duties in his own institution. He married Jennie MclSTair, August 18, 1870. Henry Carver, A. M., was Assistant Principal, under Dr. A. E. Home, 1878-80, and Professor of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Elocution. Professor Carver was a graduate of an institution in New York City, and received the honorary degree of A. M. from Lafayette College. He was the Principal of the Bloomsburg State Normal School, 1868-71. He died a few years ago. To our great regret, we were unable to obtain any reliable data of his life for this volume. Ephraim Smith Dieter, M. B., was Professor of Mathematics in the Normal Department, 1879-82, and since 1884 he has been Assistant and Instructor in Mathematics and English Branches. Professor Dieter is a son of John and Leah Dieter, was born at Smith's Gap, Monroe County, Pa., December 18, 1853, and received his training at the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., from which he graduated in 1877. In 1879 he came to Muhlenberg College, partly as an Instructor in the Normal Department, and partly as a student of Latin and Greek. He left in 1882, but returned in 1884 to take charge of the position which he now fills. He married Ida Caroline Hartman, August 9, 1883. George T. BiTiNaER, Ph. D. ('80), was Instructor in Ancient Languages, 1881-84, Principal of the Department and Instructor in Latin, Greek, and German, 1884^92, and at present Principal of the Department and Professor of Pedagogy and Associate 16 234 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Professor of Latin in the Collegiate Department. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." P. K. Flood was Instructor in History, Mathematics, etc., 1878. Rev. J. M. Hantz was Instructor in Ancient Languages, 1880. Hon. Milton C. Henninger ('74) was Junior Tutor, 1875-76. See sketch of his life under "Alumni." Propessoe C. F. Heermann was Instructor in Instrumental and Vocal Music, 1878-81. He is one of the ablest musicians in Pennsylvania, and has for many years been the organist in St. John's English Lutheran Church, Allentown, Pa. Eev. a. E. Horne, .D.D., was Principal of the Normal and Academic Department, 1877-82. Dr. Horne is a son of Daniel L. and Mary Horne, was born at Springfield, Bucks County, Pa., March 24, 1834, and received his education in private schools and Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., gradu- ating from the latter in 1858. He was Principal of Bucks County Normal and Classical School, Quakertown, 1858-63 ; pas- tor in Northampton County, 1863-65 ; at Williamsport, 1865-72 ; Superintendent of Williamsport Schools, 1867-72; Principal of Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, 1872-77 ; at Muh- lenberg, 1877-82 ; President Texas University, 1882, and during the summers of 1881-83 doing Institute work in Texas and Louisiana, and in 1887-88 doing similar work in New Jersey ; editor of National Educator since 1860, being also its founder ; secretary of the Keystone Mutual Benefit Association, AUen- town, since 1883; and a member of the Allentown School Board since 1885. During all these busy years he served as pastor of congregations, and is at present pastor of Father Yeager's former parish and President of the Second Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He has published nu- merous works on educational matters and on Pennsylvania German. He received the degree of D. D. from Lebanon Val- ley College in 1881. He married Jemima E. Yerkes, Coatesville, Pa., in 1858. M. Ltjther Horne, Esq. ('83), was assistant in the Normal Department, 1877-79. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." BIOGRAPHICAL. 235 . Eev. John Kohler, D. D., was Principal of the Academic Department, 1882-84. Dr. Kohler is a son of Andrew and Anna M. Kohler, was born in Juniata County, Pa., May 27, 1820, received his classical training in Pennsylvania College, graduating in 1842, and his theological training in the Seminary at Gettysburg, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in 1844. He was pastor at Williamsport, Pa., 1845-49; New Holland, Pa., 1850-64; Trappe, 1864-73; Stroudsburg, 1873-82 ; Mechanicsburg, 1884-85 ; and Leacock, since 1885. He has for many years been a member of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Theological Seminary, and a member of the Board of Trustees of Muhlenberg College, 1869-76. He married Louisa A. Baum, New Berlin, Pa., Febru- ary 26, 1846. Two of his sons are in the ministry of the church. He is a regular contributor to the periodicals of the church. Hon. George P. Kribbs (73) was Junior Tutor, 1874-75. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Eev. Joseph "W. Mayne ('81) was Assistant Instructor in this department, 1880. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Eev. William H. Medlar ('82) was assistant in the Normal Department, 1880. See sketch of his life under '' Alumni." Eev. George P. Miller, A. M., was Principal of this depart- ment in 1873. See " Former Professors." Ernest A. Muhlenberg, Esq. ('68), was tutor in this de- partment in 1868-69 and 1871-73. See sketch under " Alumni." Eev. Frank C. Oberlt ('89) was elected a tutor in 1892. See sketch under " Alumni." Eev. William H. Eiokert ('68) was tutor in this depart- ment, 1867-69. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Eev. Jeremiah H. Eitter ('83) was Professor of Drawing in this department, 1880-81. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Benjamin Sadtler, Jr. ('80), Instructor in Normal Science, 1880-81. See sketch under " Alumni." Oliver G. J. Schadt ('78) was Instructor in Physiology, etc., 1878-79. See sketch of his life under "Alumni." Eev. Theodore L. Seip, D. D., was Principal of the Academic Department, 1867-72. See under " Presidents of College." 236 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Eev. Wilbeet p. Shanor ('77) was Junior Tutor in 1877. See sketch of his life under "Alumni." Eev. Benaiah C. Snyder, A. M., was Assistant Instructor in English and Sciences, 1881-82. He was a son of Conrad and Sarah Snyder, was born at Gettysburg, Pa., December 31, 1840, and graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1867. He served in Company F., Fifteenth Eegiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers (cavalry), August 22, 1862, until discharged on account of dis- ability, May 12, 1863. He was engaged in teaching at Gettys- burg and Catasauqua, 1867-72 ; and then studied theology in the Seminary at Philadelphia, graduated in 1875, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the same year. He was pastor at Chester Springs, Pa., 1875-81. Being disabled, he removed to Allentown, and it was during his residence here that he was engaged as Instructor in the Academic Department of the Col- lege. He died in 1883, at the age of forty-two years. He was married to Ida V. Newhard, of Allentown, October 7, 1875. Luther A. Swope ('68) was tutor in this department, 1867-73. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Eev. Eevere F. Weidner, D. D. ('69), was tutor in this department, 1869-71. See sketch of his life under the headings of " Alumni" and " Former Professors." B. TRUSTEES. Hon. Edwin Albright has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1886. He is at present President Judge of the Thirty-first Judicial District of Pennsylvania and is about fifty- three years of age. He was born in Lehigh County, and after receiving a public school and academic education, he commenced the study of law, was a student at the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania and was admitted to the Bar at Allentown in 1862. He served as District Attorney of Lehigh County and as State Senator for two terms. He was elected President Judge in 1878 and re-elected in 1888. Eev. Benjamin F. Apple, A. M., was elected a member of the Board of Trustees by the stockholders in 1868 and served until 1876. He is the son of Hon. Andrew and Margaret Apple, was born at Pleasant Yalley, Bucks County, Pa., Sep- tember 15, 1832, received his classical and theological training in the institutions at Gettysburg, 1854-62, and entered the ministry of the Lutheran Church in 1862. He has been pastor at Maytown, Pa., 1862-64 ; Mt. Bethel Parish, Stone Church, 1864-82, since which time he has been the efficient pastor of the English Lutheran Church at Bangor, which he organized and where he built a handsome church. He was married to Ella Pearson, Stone Church, Pa., Januarj' 31, 1869. Eeuben Baer was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-72. He is engaged in suc- cessful business enterprises in Lancaster, Pa. Eev. Ernest A. Baxter was elected a member of the Board of Trustees by the stockholders in 1868 and served until 1876, was re-elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the same year, and has ever since served in this capacity. He is a son of George and Hannah Bauer; was born in Wurzbach, Principality of Eeuss, Germany, August 29, 1819. He received his| classical training in Germany and his theological training 237 238 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. under the instruction of the Eev. Jeremiah Schindel, pastor in Lehigh County, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in 1842. During his long and success- ful ministry he has been pastor at West Penn, 1843 ; East Penn, 1844-47 ; Lehighton, 1848-71 ; and Hazleton, 1872-91, when he resigned and removed to Lehighton, to spend his declining years in well-earned retirement. He has been frequently honored by his Synod by being elected to positions of honor and trust, and has frequently served on the most important committees of Synod. In 1859 he was married to Matilda Keller. Egbert Baub, Esq., Wilkesbarre, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1886-89. Edmund BELFOua, D. D. (Thiel, 1886), was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1868-74. He is a son of George Archibald and Sine Belfour, was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, August 9, 1833, came to this country in 1841, and settled in the city of New York. He received his collegiate education in the College of the City of New York, graduating in 1854, and receiving medals for highest rank in Moral Science and Oratory. He studied theology in the Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, graduating in 1856, and was oi'dained to the office of the min- istry in the Lutheran Church, September 29 of the same year. In the spring of 1857 he became pastor at Schoharie, N. Y., and served the parish acceptably and successfully for eleven years ; in 1868 he became pastor of St. John's Church, Easton, Pa., where he remained until February 1, 1874, when he re- signed in order to enter on mission work in Chicago. He labored in Chicago until February 1, 1880, and succeeded in organizing the first two English Lutheran congregations in that city ; but at the end of six years of arduous labor he resigned to accept the pastorate of the First English Lutheran Church, Pittsburg, Pa., which he served until 1892. He has frequently filled important offices in the church, having been secretary of Hartwick Synod and of the General Council. He is a frequent contributor to the various periodicals of the church. In 1879 he translated from the Danish " Pontoppidan's Explanation of Luther's Catechism," which has already passed through ten editions. He married Phoebe A. Blackledge, March 19, 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL. 239 Francis G. Bernd, Egypt, Pa,, was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1876-83. He was a son of George and Magdalena (Gable) Bernd, was born in Bucks County, Pa., August 29, 1818, and died March 12, 1891. He received his education at Line Lexington Academy, in Bucks County. He was school- teacher forty-four years and organist forty-one years. He served as school director for nine years and always manifested great interest in educational matters. He was married to Christina Kline in 1846. Professor P. K. Bernd, of Kutztown, is a son of the subject of this notice. GoTTHARDT D. Bbrnheim, D. D. (ISTorth Carolina College, 1847), was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1888-92. He is a son of John Herman and Lisetta (Dellman) Bernheim, was born in Iserholm, "Westphalia, Germany, November 8, 1827. He received his training in the schools at Indiana and Kittan- ning. Pa., 1839-44, and at Lexington, S. C, 1846-49, where he also studied theology in the Theological Seminary of the South Carolina Synod, then under the presidency of the distinguished E. L. Hazelius, D. D. At Charleston, S. C, he took a special course in Hebrew under Eabbi Eosenfeld. He was a missionary in Charleston and afterwards pastor of the Second Lutheran Church, which he organized in 1853, from 1850-58 ; pastor of St. John's Parish, Mount Pleasant, N. C, 1858-60; pastor of St. Mark's Church, Charlotte, N. C, which he also organ- ized, 1860-66; Principal of Mount Pleasant Female Semi- nary, 1866-70 ; pastor of St. Paul's Church, Wilmington, N. C, a congregation organized by him in 1858, from 1870-82; President of North Carolina College in 1883, when he became pastor of Grace English Lutheran Church, Philipsburg, N. J., which he served for nine years. In the spring of 1892 he be- came pastor of the newly-organized St. Matthew's English Lutheran Church, Wilmington, N. C. He has published, — " History of the German Settlements and of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas," Philadelphia, 1872 ; " Success of God's "Work," 1870; "Localities of the Eeformation," 1877; "The First Twenty Tears," 1878, all published at Wilmington, N. C. Five volumes At Some and Abroad, a literary magazine published at Wil- mington and Charlotte, N. C, published by himself and his two 240 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. accomplished daughters, 1881-83. He married Elizabeth 0. Clay- ton, Charleston, S. C, April 25, 1854. His son Oscar is a member of the Class of '92. William H. Blumer, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1867-72. Mr. Blumer was a son of Jacob and Catharine (Ehoads) Blumer, was born at Allentown, Pa., JSTovember 11, 1812, and received a common-school education. During his life he was interested in various enterprises. He was the proprietor of the " Fried ensbote," of Allentown ; a banker; member of the Borough and City Council; County Treasurer, and identified with the earlier work of the College. He died near West Point, ISTeb., August 26, 1884. Hon. Samuel A. Bridges, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76. He was born at Colchester, Conn., January 27, 1802. He gradu- ated from Williamstown College in 1826, and was admitted to the Bar in his native State in 1829. In 1830 he came to Penn- sylvania, first locating at Easton, later at Doylestown, and finally at Allentown, where he remained until the day of his death. He was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, February 1, 1830. Under the administration of Governor Porter he was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for Lehigh County in 1837, and he held the office for seven years. On February 22, 1848, he was elected to Congress to fill the unexpired term of Hon. John W. Hambeck. During the session for which he was elected the Mexican War ended and the American government succeeded in the acquisition of the Territory of Texas. Many very im- poi'tant measures were brought before Congress, and in all of them Mr. Bridges took a prominent part. He returned home March 4, 1849. In 1852 he was again elected, serving two years, from 1853 until 1855. At the expiration of his term he again actively pursued the practice of his profession. After a retirement of twenty-two years, he was a third time elected to Congress in 1876, serving from 1877 until 1879. He died Jan- nary 14, 1884, at his home in Allentown. Eev. Samuel K. Brobst was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76. He was born November 16, 1822, and died December 23, 1876, at his home CHARLES JACOB COOPER. BIOGRAPHICAL. 241 in Allentown. He received his classical training at AUentown Academy, Marshall and "Washington Colleges. He studied theology privately, was licensed in 1847 by the Ministeriuin of Pennsylvania, and a few years later was ordained to the office of the ministry by the same body. He never enjoyed robust health, but for thirty years served the Lutheran Church, prin- cipally as editor of German periodicals. He founded the Jugend Freund, 1848, a German monthly for the young; Lutherische Zeitschrift, 1858 ; Theologische Monatsheft, 1868, the latter of which he discontinued after six years ; and Lutherische Kalen- der. He was a leading spirit in the establishment of the College, and one of its most ardent supporters throughout his busy life. Eev. Charles J. Cooper, A. M., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1876, treasurer of the College since 1884, and financial agent since 1886. He is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Hornlacher) Cooper, was born in Upper Saucon Town- ship, Lehigh County, Pa., April 1, 1847, prepared for college in Allentown Seminary, entered the Sophomore Class in Penn- sylvania College, Gettysburg, and graduated in 1867 ; studied theology in the Theological Seminary at Philadelphia, gradu- ating in 1870, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church during the same year. He was pastor at South Bethlehem, Pa., 1870-86, serving at the same time also at Preemansbnrg and Lower Saucon. He was secretary of the Second Conference for a number of years, and of the Minis- terium in 1884-85. In 1886 he removed to Allentown to en- gage in work connected with the College, as stated above. His efforts at the improvement of the finances of the College have met with marked success. He married Emma S. Knause, Phila- delphia, October 4, 1870. Charles W. Cooper, Esq., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76, re-elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the same year and served until 1886. It was through his influence that the Asa Parker bequest of $30,000 was made to Muhlenberg. He was the son of Peter and Susannah Cooper, was born April 21, 1826, at Coopersburg, Lehigh County, Pa., and died April 11, 1886. He pursued his literary and other studies at Pennsyl- 242 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. vania College, Gettysburg, and subsequently under private in- structions from 1841 to 1844 in Philadelphia. In the early part of 1844 he entered as a law student the United States Law School, under the care and charge of Professor David Hoffman, J. U. D. February 1, 1846, he entered the office of Hon. George M.. Stroud, with whom he continued to read law until May 12, 1847, when he was admitted as attorney to the several courts of the city of Philadelphia. In August term of 1847 he was admitted to the courts of Lehigh County. In May, 1847, he located at Coopersburg, following his profession two years. His health failing, he abandoned his profession and devoted his time to farming. In the spring of 1850 he was elected Justice for Upper Saucon, and was re-elected in 1855. In 1852 he represented Bucks and Lehigh in the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore. In May, 1854, he was elected the first county superintendent of common schools for Lehigh County, and served in this capacity until the following year, when he resigned. In 1855, upon the organization of the Allentown Bank, he was elected its cashier, which position he held until 1885, when he was elected its president. In 1873 he was elected a member of the Centennial Board of Finance on account of his widely-known reputation as a financier. For a number of years he was president of the Allentown Board of Trade ; trustee of the Union Trust Company of Philadelphia ; trustee of Allentown Female College ; for many years a mem- ber of the Board of Directors of Schools, and a member of the boards of several manufacturing interests. He married three times, — Eebecca B. Erdman, February 4, 1857 ; Sarah B. Erd- raan, September 1, 1864 ; Ida C. Brdman, October 1, 1873. Rev. John W. Early, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1877-86. He is a son of William and Leah (Dut- weiler) Early, and was born near Palmyra, Lebanon County, Pa., September 3, 1835. He received his classical and theo- logical training in the institutions at Gettysburg, Pa., was ordained to the office of the ministrj' in the Lutheran Church by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1860, and has been pastor at Leacock, 1860-66 ; Blizabethtown, 1866-68 ; Selins- grove, 1868-70 ; Pillow, 1870-75 ; Danville, 1875-83 ; Trevor- BIOGRAPHICAL. 243 ton, 1883-87 ; Millersville, 1887-89, and Jersey Shore since 1889. He has served in various synodical offices : secretary of Fifth Conference, 1869-74; president of the Fifth Conference, 1874- 77 and 1880-83 ; secretary of the Ministerium, 1886-87, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Theological Seminary at Philadelphia, 1886-89. He is a regular contributor to The Lutheran and other periodicals of the church. He married Jane M., daughter of the Eev. L. G. Bggers, January 8, 1861. Hon. John Bndlich was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1875-76. He was born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, in 1818. He was a highly-gifted person and received an excellent education in the schools of his native land. As a boy of twelve years he already presided at the organ in the church of his native place. He graduated from the Hes- sian College of Forestry and Civil Engineering, and in 1840 emigrated to America, since which time, with the exception of a few years spent in Eichmond, Va., he resided in Eeading, Pa., engaged in the teaching of music and farming. He mar- ried the only daughter of the Eev. Jacob Miller, D. D., for many years pastor of Trinity Church, Eeading. He had three children : Frederick E., Ph. D. (Tubingen), at present mining engineer in California ; Hon. Gustavus E., Judge of the Berks County Court and author of several law books ; and Miss Emma A., a gifted writer and author. The subject of this sketch helped to organize St. John's German Lutheran Church, Eeading, and for many years was a member of the vestry. He was United States Consul at Basel-on-the-Ehine, Switzerland, under President Buchanan's administration, and spent some years, at a later period, in Germany for the completion of the education of his sons. He was the musical member of the German Church Book and Sunday-school Book Committees of the General Council, and a very considerable part of the excel- lence of both books is to be attributed to his accurate knowledge of the liturgies and hymns of the ancient church. He is the author of "Endlich's Choralbuch," a thesaurus of Lutheran Church music. He died at his home in Eeading, January 18, 1892. He was the pattern of a Christian gentleman. Eev. Isaac N. S. Beb, A.M. ('70), was a member of the 244 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Board of Trustees, 1886-89. Por a sketch of his life, see " Alumni." CoNSTANTiNE J. Brdman, Bsq., was elected a member of the Board of Trustees in 1892. He is one of the leading members of the Bar of Lehigh County. In August of this year he was nominated for Congress by the Democrats of Lehigh and Berks Counties. He is actively engaged in the practice of his pro- fession in the city of AUentown. Bnos Brdman was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1870-76. He was a son of Jacob and Sarah Brdman, was born in Upper Saucon Township, Le- high County, Pa., April 16, 1822, and received his education in the common schools and in Lafayette College, Baston, Pa., which he attended one or two years. He was an active busi- ness man, was for twelve years president of the Lehigh County Agricultural Society, and president of the AUentown and Coop- ersburg Turnpike Association from its organization until the time of his death. He married Anna Keck, November 20, 1845. His grandson. Max S., is a member of the Class of '94. Eev. William J. Bter was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1867-74. He was a son of John P. and Susanna (Christman) Byer, was born in Ches- ter County, Pa., January 4, 1803, and died at Catawissa, Feb- ruary 9, 1874, at the age of seventy-one years. He studied theology under Frederick W. Geissenhainer, D. D., of New York City, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the New York Ministerium, about the year 1829. He was, since the year 1838, a member of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and was highly esteemed as an earnest and faithful pastor. He was for many years the esteemed pastor of the church at Catawissa and of other con- gregations in Columbia and Montour Counties. Isaac Peglet, Pottstown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1884-91. He was a son of Jacob and Susan Fegley, and was born December 25, 1825, in Colebrookdale Township, Berks County, Pa. He spent his early life on his father's farm. In 1843 he came to Pottstown to learn the trade of carriage-building. Immediately afterwards, during a period BIOGRAPHICAL. 245 of five years, he worked at millwrighting. In the year 1853 he embarked in the coal business, and in 1854 received his brother Jacob as a partner, who together conducted the coal, iron, and lumber business successfully for many years. In 1862 he became a partner with William D. Evans in the Pottstown Car- Works, and subsequently sole proprietor. We find him also engaged at this time in various other projects. He was one of the men who organized the Warwick Iron Company, in 1874, of which he was still president at the time of his death. He was one of the projectors of the Pottstown Gas- and Water- Works, and for a long time president. He also assisted in establishing the Pottstown Cemetery, Market Company, Key- stone Agricultural Works, and National Iron Bank. In 1889 he was elected as treasurer of Montgomery County. He was a member of the Lutheran Church from his youth. He was a member of the building committee in the erection of Emanuel Lutheran Church, of which church Eev. D. K. Kepner is pastor. Mr. Fegley devoted much time to the erection of this beautiful edifice. Both he and his wife were liberal contributors to Muhlenberg College in AUentown and the Lutheran Theologi- cal Seminary in Philadelphia. He was a trustee of Muhlenberg College at the time of his death. He died on February 17, 189 1, aged sixty-five years, one month, and twenty -two days, and in his will left ten thousand dollars to Muhlenberg College. On May 15, 1853, he married Lavina Eomich, of Berks County. Pour children, two sons and two daughters, were born to them, but all died young. At the time of his death Mr. Fegley, besides his county treasurership, held the following positions of trust and honor : President of Warwick Iron Company, president of Pottstown Cemetery Company, director of the Security Com- pany, director of the Pottstown Market Company, director of the Ellis Keystone Agricultural Works, and trustee of Muhlen- berg College. He received his education in the ordinary town- ship schools. Jacob Fegley has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1891. Mr. Fegley is a son of Jacob and Susan Fegley, and was born in Colebrookdale Township, Berks County, Pa., September 23, 1831. He was married to Mary Ann Hunsberger, 246 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of Chester County. He worked on his father's farm until old enough to learn a trade, when he learned millwrighting. In 1854 he engaged in coal and feed business in Pottstown, adding iron and lumber in 1856. He sold out his lumber business in 1886, and added to the coal and iron business a general hardware store and mill supplies, under the firm-name " Jacob Fegley & Son." He was elected president of the Ifational Iron Bank of Potts- town in 1886 ; also president of the Security Company, in 1887. He was elected president of the National Bank of South Bethle- hem in 1880. He is also president of the Pottstown Cemetery, and Bramcobe Land and Improvement Company, of this place. He has been treasurer for the "Warwick Iron Company for the last twenty years, and director of various institutions. He served as a member of the school board and town council of the borough of Pottstown in earlier years. He received his education in common township schools. He holds all the above- named offices to-day ; besides, he has been the treasurer of Em- manuel Lutheran Church for the last twenty years or more, in the interest of which he always takes an active part. He is one of the Board of Directors of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount'Airy, Philadelphia, and Muhlenberg College, AUentown, Pa. He is a liberal contributor of time and money towards the support of these church institutions. He is a director of the Pottstown Market Company ; a member of the Pottstown Hospital Board, of the Electric-Light, Heat, and Power Company, of the Western Investment Company, etc. Hiram Heney Fisher, Esq., AUentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1872-76. He was a son of Jacob and Anna Fisher, was born at Ham- burg, Pa., August 14, 1832, and died on Nov. 21, 1889. In 1873 he established an extensive pipe foundry at AUentown, and was for many years president of the Lehigh Car Company at Stemton. He was widely known as civil and mining engineer. Eev. Frank F. Fry, A. M. ('85), was elected a member of the Board of Trustees in 1892. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Jacob Fry, D. D. (Union College, 1873), was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76, was BIOGRAPHICAL. 247 re-elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the same year, and served until 1881. He is a son of Hon. Jacob and Mary (Gross) Fry, was born at Trappe, Montgomery County, Pa., February 9, 1834. He received his classical training at Wash- ington Hall, Trappe, and Union College, graduating in 1851, and his theological training in the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg, graduating in 1853, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the same year. He was pastor of the English Lutheran Church, Carlisle, Pa., 1854-65, and since then of Trinity Lutheran Church, Eeading, Pa. He has held numerous offices in the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and the General Council, having been secretary for three years and treasurer for five years of his Synod. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Theological Semi- nary, 1879-91, when he resigned, owing to his election to the Professorship of Homiletics and Sacred Oratory in the same institution ; and for many years he has been a member of the Executive Committee of Synod. He has been a busy and successful pastor throughout his entire ministry, leaving little time for literary work. He published " The Church Book Ex- plained," 1871, and a number of sermons and numerous articles in the various periodicals of the church. He married Lilie J. Wattles, of Gettysburg, September 13, 1855. His two sons, Charles and Prank, are graduates of the College and Phila- delphia Theological Seminary, and are laboring in the ministry of the Lutheran Church. Eev. David H. Geissingeb, was elected a member of the Board of Trustees in 1889. Eev. Geissinger is a son of John and Jane Geissinger, was born in Penn Township, Huntingdon County, Pa., October 12, 1844, and received his classical train- ing in the preparatory department of Mereersburg College, 1867-68, and Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa., 1868-69. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1869, and graduated in 1872. Immediately afterwards he was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He has for a number of years been the efficient pastor of St. John's English Lutheran Church, Baston, Pa., and has met with great success in his 248 MVHLENBERQ COLLE&E. pastoral labors. He has been elected to numerous positions of honor and trust in his Synod and the General Council. He married Elizabeth Newell Batemen, October 29, 1884. Emanuel Grebnwald, D.D. (Pennsylvania College, 1859), was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76, re-elected by the Ministerium in the same year, and served until 1881. He was born near Frederick, Md., January 13, 1811 ; died in Lancaster, Pa., pastor of Trinity Church, December 21, 1885. His father consecrated him to the ministry when the boy was only two years old. When quite young he began a private course of study in the classics and theology, under the Eev. David F. Schaeffer, at Frederick, and October 18, 1831, he was licensed by the Lutheran Synod of Maryland, at Cumberland. During the same year he became pastor at New Philadelphia, Ohio, where he remained until 1851. In 1842 he founded the Lutheran Standard, of which he was editor for several years. In 1851 he removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he was pastor of an English congregation until 1854, when he accepted a call to Easton, Pa. In 1867 he became pastor of Trinity Church, Lancaster, Pa., which he served with great fidelity and success until his death. He was for many years a member of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Seminary, president of the Ministerium, chairman of the Ex- ecutive Committee of Synod, Examining Committee, and fre- quently a delegate to the General Council. He was the author of many doctrinal and devotional books. Among these may be mentioned: "An Order of Family Prayer," "Lutheran Eeformation," "Foreign Missionary Work of Louis Harms," "Christian Benevolence," "Baptism of Children,'' "Medita- tions for Passion Week," " Young Christian's Manual of De- votion," " Sprinkling the True Mode of Baptism," " The True Church, its Way of Justification and its Holy Communion," " Eomanism and the Eeformation," " Jesus our Table Guest," " Meditation for the Closet," and many others. Henry A. Grim, M. D., was a member of the Board of Trus- tees, 1876-85. He is the son of Sem and Anna E. Grim, was born in Lehigh County, Pa., June 27, 1S31. He graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1849, and from the Medical BIO&RAPHICAL. 249 Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1855, with the degree of M. D., and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession in Allentown. He was assistant surgeon Twelfth Eegiment Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, October 6, 1862, to April 13, 1864 ; surgeon Fifth Eegiment Pennsylvania Eeserves, April 13, 1864, to June 11, 1864 ; and surgeon One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Eegiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, August 18, 1864, to June 4, 1865. Eev. Leonard Groh, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1869-76. He was born in Lebanon County, Pa., received his classical and theological edu- cation in the institutions at Gettysburg, was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in 1863, and has been pastor at Quakertown, Pa., 1863-65 ; New Hanover and Boyertown, 1865-81; Boyertown, 1881-91; and since then at Lincoln, Nebraska. He has travelled extensively in Europe and Palestine. JoNATUAN W. Grubb, Esq., AUcntowQ, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1875- 76. He has been an active business man all his life, and is now a member of the firm of Grubb & Medlar, real estate agents and brokers, Allentown. He is a son of Henry and Ann (Krause) Grubb, was born in Chester County, Pa., January 31, 1828, and has been a resident of Allentown since 1873. Hon. Milton C. Henninger, A. M. ('74), was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1889-92. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Eev. Eeuben Hill, D. D., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1875-85. See sketch of his life under " Former Professors.'' Edward Hilliard was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1871-74. He was a son of William and Elizabeth (Snyder) Hilliard, was born in Forks Township, Northampton County, Pa., August 24, 1825, and received his education in schools at Easton. He moved to Easton early in life, and was engaged in various business enterprises. He was at the time of his death, which occurred October 12, 1891, aged sixty-six years, two months, and nineteen days. He was one 17 250 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of the oldest business men in Baston. During his busy life he held many responsible positions, as director of the First National Bank, treasurer of the Baston Gas Company, director of the Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company, member of the Council of Baston and of the School Board. He was, since early in life, a faithful and active member of St. John's Lutheran Church, Baston, Pa. GusTAv A. HiNTEELEiTNEU, D. D. (Muhlenberg, 1887), has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1869. He was born in Weissenburg, Bavaria, Germany, October 2, 1824. His ancestors, as far back as the time of the Reformation, were members of the Lutheran Church. He received his classical and theological training in Germany, came to America in 1849, and settled in Bucks County, Pa., as assistant pastor of Eev. William Kemmei-er. In the latter part of the year 1851 he became pastor at Kutztown, and remained there until 1866, when he accepted a call from Trinity German Lutheran Church, Pottsville, where he has since then labored with marked suc- cess. A few years since his congregation introduced English services and called an assistant, who attends to the Bnglish ser- vices, the Eev. John H. Umbenhen. Dr. Hinterleitner takes an active interest in the educational and missionary operations of the Synod, and is a frequent contributor to the German press. Eev. Mahlon C. Hoeine, D. D., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1888. He is a son of John and Catharine Horine, was born near Myersville, Md., July 14, 1838, received his classical and theological training in the in- stitutions at Gettysburg, graduating from Pennsylvania Col- lege in 1861, with first honor and valedictory, and from the Theological Seminary in 1864, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in 1865. He has been pastor at Smithburg, Md., 1865-69 ; Dayton, Ohio, 1869-70 ; Zanesville, Ohio, 1870- 73 ; Danville, Pa., 1873-81 ; and St. James' Church, Eeading, since 1881. During his pastorate at Danville he also served as superintendent of the public schools of Montour County. He is at present a member of the Bxecutive Committee of the Ministerium. He married Bmma P. Winebrenner, Gettysburg, Pa., May 16, 1865. He has published " Practical Eeflections on the Book of Euth," Philadelphia, 1892. BIOGRAPHICAL. 251 Melohioe H. Horn was a member of the Board of Trus- tees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76. He is a son of Melchior Hay and Isabella (Trail) Horn, was born at Baston, Pa., April 9, 1822, and received his education in the schools of his native place. He served in the War of the Rebellion as colonel Thirty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiment ; afterwards lieutenant- colonel Fourth Eegiment National Guard of Penn- sylvania. He was for many years engaged in the banking business, serving as teller of Partners' and Mechanics' Bank at Easton, cashier of the First National Bank at Catasauqua, and later as president of the same. He married Matilda L. Heller,. Baston, in 1829, and is the father of Edward T. Horn, D. D., Charleston, S. C. Andrew S. Keck, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1872-76. He was born March 24, 1828. His parents were Solomon L. and Anna Saeger Keck. He was educated in the Allentown Academy, and enjoyed the advantages of good instructors, the school being one of the better private institutions of its day. He was employed for some years by his father and uncle, the firm of Saeger & Keck, manufacturers and merchants at Allen- town. When with his uncle, Mr. 0. L. Keck, of White Haven, he organized the firm of 0. L. and A. S. Keck, who for many years have been among the largest manufacturers and dealers in lumber, etc. Their mills are located at White Haven, Pa. Mr. A. S. Keck was among the first to aid in the organiza- tion of Muhlenberg College, was one of the original stock- holders, and contributed one thousand dollars for a scholarship. He has been one of the solid business men of Allentown all his life, and has occupied positions of trust and honor in the financial institutions of the city, being for many years a director in the Allentown National Bank, and since its organization a director of the Lehigh Valley Trust and Safe Deposit Company. He has been a member of St. John's Lutheran Church from the beginning, of which his father, as well as himself, was one of the founders and most liberal contributors. Mr. Keck has travelled extensively in this country, and is an intelligent observer of men and events. 252 MUMLENBERG COLLEGE. Eev. Daniel K. Kepner, A. M., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1890. He is a son of William and Sarah Kepner, was born at New Hanover, Pa., October 13, 1836, graduated from Pennsylvania College in 18G7, and from the Theological Seminary at Philadelphia in 1870, and was or- dained to the oflSee of the ministry in the same year by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He has been pastor at Slating- ton, 1870-75, and at Pottstown since 1875. He married I/ydia A. Brendlinger, New Hanover, May 29, 1871. He served in the War of the Eebellion as regimental quartermaster One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, De- cember 8, 1862, to July 7, 1863; re-enlisted July 12, 1864; was lieutenant of Company C, One Hundred and JSTinety-fiftli Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; later commissioned cap- tain, and served until discharged, July 21, 1865. Lewis Kltjmp, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1867-76. Mr. Klump was a son of Michael Klump, was born at Odenwald, Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, September 7, 1829, and died at Allentown, December 11, 1889. He received a common-school education, engaged in the confectionery business in Philadelphia in 1840 ; came to Allentown in 1843, and engaged in business with his father-in-law, Ludwig Schmidt, as a confectioner and druggist, for many years. He was a school director, member of the City Council, and treasurer of various associations. He was a con- sistent member of St. John's Lutheran Church. He was mar- ried to Mary Schmidt, January 28, 1843. John Kohlbr, D. D. (Muhlenberg, 1889), was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1869-76. See sketch of his life under " Instructors in the Academic De- partment." Eev. Edward J. Koons, A.M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1866-72, vice-president of the College during the same period, and secretary of the board, 1867-69. See sketch of his life under " Former Pro- fessors." GoTTLOB P. Krotel, D. D. (University of Pennsylvania, 1865), LL.D. (Muhlenberg, 1888), was a member of the Board of Trus- BIOGRAPHICAL. 253 tees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-73, and again since 1881. He was born in Ilsfeld, Wiirtemberg, Germany, February 4, 1826 ; came to the United States when quite young, settled in Philadelphia, and received his education in the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1846. He studied theology under Dr. C. F. Demme, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in 1850. He was pastor at Lebanon, Pa., 1849-53; LancaBter, Pa., 1853-62; St. Mark's, Philadel- phia, 1862-68 ; and in N"ew York City, since 1868, pastor of Holy Trinity English Lutheran Church, which he organized. From 1864-68 ho was professor in the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia. He has held many positions of honor and trust in the Lutheran Church, and at present is the president of the General Council, having been repeatedly re-elected. He was for a number of years president of the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania. He was for several years editor of the Lutherische Herald, New York, and for many years of The Lutheran, Philadelphia. Among his published works are " Life of Me- lanchthon," translated from the German, Philadelphia, 1854 ; " Who are the Blessed?" 1855 ; "Memorial Yolume of Trinity Church, Lancaster," 1861; "Explanations of Luther's Small Catechism," with Dr. Mann, 1863; "Luther and the Swiss," translated from the German, 1878, etc. Eev. John Kuendig was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1868-76. Eev. Kuendig is a native of Germany, but has been in this country for many years, and is thoroughly identified with the interests and work of the Lu- theran Church in America. He has for many years been the pastor of the large St. John's German Lutheran Church, Bead- ing, Pa., and, besides his numerous pastoral duties, has found time to take an active interest in the educational, mission- ary, and benevolent operations of his Synod and of the General Council. John A. Kunkleman, D.D. (Pennsylvania College, 1881), was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stock- holders, 1873-76. He is a son of Peter and Christina Kunkle- man, was born in Dauphin County, Pa., ISTovember 4, 1832, received his education in Pennsylvania College, graduating in 254 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1855, studied theology privately, and was licensed in 1856, and afterwards ordained. He was pastor at Schellsburg, Pa., 1856- 58 ; Indianapolis, Ind., 1858-66 ; Chambersburg, Pa., 1866 ; Port Wayne, Ind., 1867; St. Mark's, Philadelphia, 1868-79, and Greenville, Pa., since 1883. He was president of Carthage Col- lege, Carthage, 111., 1881-83. He has been connected with the boards of trustees of the colleges of the church and the Theolog- ical Seminary at Philadelphia. During his residence in Phila- delphia he was president of the Church Extension Society, the Board of City Missions, member of the Board of Trustees of the Orphans' Home, and of the Executive Committee of the Ministerium. He was also for a number of years treasurer of the Ministerium, and since his removal to Grreenville he has been a member and president of the Board of Trustees of Thiel Col- lege, and is now president of the Pittsburg Synod, and assistant treasurer of Thiel College. He is a frequent contributor to the periodicals of the church, and has published several dis- courses and monographs. He married Mary Eebecca Eea, Loysville, Pa., October 23, 1856. Samuel Laird, D. D., was a member of the Board of Trus- tees, 1882-87. He is a son of Samuel and Maria (Kunckel) Laird, and was born in Kent County, Del., February 7, 1835. He received his literary training in the schools of Philadelphia, graduating from the High School in 1852, and in the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1855 with first honor. He studied theology under the direction of the Eev. Drs. Seiss and Mann. He was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry, October 14, 1861. He was pastor of St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, December 1, 1861, to August 1, 1864 ; Holy Trinity, Lancaster, Pa., 1864-67 ; First English Lutheran Church, Pittsburg, Pa., 1867-79 ; and since September 1, 1879, of St. Mark's, Philadel- phia. He married Andelucia Easton, April 27, 1865. In addi- tion to the duties of the pastorate he has filled numerous po- sitions of honor and trust in the church, having been president of the Pittsburg Synod for three years, English secretary of the General Council for nine years, treasurer of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania for four years, and has served on a number of important synodical committees. His ministerial life has been BIOGRAPHICAL. 255 in the line of practical rather than literary activity ; he has, however, been engaged in some editorial labors, and furnished a number of sermons for the public press. Immediately after graduating from the University he taught in the Spring Gar- den Institute, Philadelphia, and while engaged in this work began the study of law under Benjamin Gerhard, Esq., of Philadelphia, which was subsequently abandoned for the min- istry. Henry Lehman, K'orristown, Pa., was a, member of the Board of Trustees, 1876-86. Mr. Lehman is one of Philadel- phia's most active and successful business men. But, in spite of his extensive business, he always finds time for church work. He has for many years been the devoted president of the Lu- theran Orphans' Home and Asylum for the Aged at German- town. Every day a portion of his time is devoted to this work, and it is mainly through his conscientious fidelity and activity that these institutions enjoy their present prosperity. He has also for several years acted as treasurer of these insti- tutions. Edward B. Lbisenring, Mauch Chunk, Pa., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1891. He is a son of Hon. John and Caroline (Bertch) Leisenring, was born in Mauch Chunk in 1845. He received his education at home under private tutors, and at the Polytechnic Institute, Phila- delphia. At the age of eighteen years he entered the civil engineer corps under his father, who was then engaged in the construction of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad. Later he became superintendent of coal mines at "Wanamie and Audenried ; ever since he has been an extensive coal operator. He is president and director of numerous corporations engaged in coal, iron, coke, slate, lumber, and tanning industries. He married Annie Wickham in 1892. Eev. Owen Leopold, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1868-76. He is a son of Joseph and Anna (Miller) Leopold, was born in Lehigh County, Pa., June 15, 1828. He received his education at the Allentown Seminary, and for five years afterwards served as school-master and organist at Schoenersville Church. He 256 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. studied theology privately under Eevs. B. M. Schmucker, D. D., C. F. Schaeffer, D. D., and Joshua Yeager, and was ordained in 1859. He was pastor of Lynnville parish two years, Jordan parish twenty-two years, and Fogelsville parish nine years. He has taken great interest, in the work of the College, having been instrumental in securing from Henry Stine, of Pogelsville, a scholarship of a thousand dollars, and has influenced ton young men to take a full collegiate course at Muhlenberg. He was married to Maria Daniel, of Sehoenersville, February 24, 1853, and has one son in the ministry. Rev. B. O. Leopold, '89. William J. Mann, D. D. (Pennsylvania, 1857), LL. D. (Muh- lenberg, 1887), was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1868-75. He was a native of Stuttgart, Ger- many, was born May 29, 1819, received his literary training in the university of his native place, studied theology at the University of Tiibingen, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in 1841. He came to Amer- ica in 1845, became assistant pastor of St. Michael's and Zion's congregation in Philadelphia in 1850, and from 1863-84 he was the pastor of this congregation, retiring in the latter year as pastor emeritus, in order to devote his time to literary labor.s. He was Professor of Hebrew, Ethics, and Symbolics in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, since its estab- lishment in 1864 until the latter part of 1891, when, on account of ill-health, he was forced to relinquish some of his labors. Dr. Mann was a ready writer, a thorough scholar, an eloquent pulpit orator, and an excellent teacher. He enjoyed a national repu- tation as an Oriental scholar, a historian, and author. He was a leader in the Lutheran Church in America, in all the vari- ous activities of the church, and was frequently honored by being placed in the most honored positions. He was a prolific writer. His two best known works are " Life and Times of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg," Philadelphia, 1887, and " Hal- lesche Naehrichten," a monumental work of original research, published in Allen town and Germany. He died at Boston, Mass., June 20, 1892. Edwin G. Martin, M. D., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1872-76. BIOGRAPHICAL. 257 Dr. Martin is a son of Dr. Charles H. and M. Angeline (Groun- dil) Martin, was born at AUentown, October 3, 1836, and re- ceived his education at AUentown Academy and in the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, gi-aduating from the Medical Department of the latter institution in 1856. He married Fannie S. Balliet, of Lehigh Countj'^, August 29, 1861. He was the first president of the Lehigh County Medical Society, is a member of the State Medical Society, secretary of the Board of Trustees of Allen- town Female College, trustee and secretary of the Board of Management of the Hospital for the Insane at Norristown, president of the Lehigh Yalley Trust and Safe Deposit Com- pany, president of Board of Trade, director of AUentown Na- tional Bank, stockholder in Coopersburg Turnpike Company, Bethlehem Turnpike Company, and the Lehigh Telegraph Company. He was appointed surgeon of the Twenty-seventh Eegiment Pennsylvania Militia. He now holds a commission of surgeon of Fourth Eegiment National Guards of this State ; twice mayor of AUentown, 1880, 1882; a member of St. John's Lutheran Church. Eev. George F. Miller, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1867-76. See siietch of his life under " Former Professors." James K. Mosser, AUentown, Pa., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1884. He is a son of Jacob and Salome Mosser, was born at Trexlertown, Pa., February 6, 1830, and has devoted his life to business pursuits. When young ho was sent away from home to be educated at a private academy at Line Lexington, Pa. His parents removed to AUentown in 1849, where his father conducted a tannery for many years. The subject of this sketch, with his brother-in-law, Mr. Thomas Keck, and Mr. Alfred G. Saeger, organized the firm of Mosser, Keck & Co. in 1859, and engaged in the manufacture of Union sole leather, having their tannery in AUentown. In addition to this business they organized in 1863 the firm of Keck, Mos- ser & Co., for the sale of leather, with their business house in New York City in charge of Mr. Thomas Keck. In 1873 Mr. A. G. Saeger retired from the New York firm (Keck, Mosser & Co.), and in 1875 from the AUentown firm (Mosser, Keck & Co.). 258 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Messrs. Mosser and Keck greatly enlarged their business by opening a house in Boston, Mass., 1873, increasing their trade in the East ; by building new tanneries of large capacity at Williamsport and elsewhere, and stocking other tanneries, and handling their combined output in their New York and Boston houses. They likewise opened places of business in Chicago and Kansas City, chiefly for the purchase of hides. In 1883 the three sons of Mr. Mosser were admitted to the firm, Henry S. taking charge at Williamsport, Jacob K. at Boston, and George K. at AUentown. In addition to this they organized in 1890 the Mosser Tanning Company, of which Mr. James K. Mosser is the president, and his son George K. the secretary and treasurer. They built a large tannery at Noxen, Pa., of which the latter has personal charge. Mr. James K. Mosser has been identified with every public movement for the ad- vancement of the interests of the city of AUentown, industrial, moral, and educational. In this he has had the hearty co- operation of his partner, Mr. Thomas Keck, of New York, whose life has been so intimately associated with his own as to deserve very special mention in this sketch. Together they endowed the Professorship of the Greek Language and Litera- ture of thirty thousand dollars, besides each being contributors as original stockholders, purchasers of scholarships, and liberal givers to the various other funds of the College and the church. Mr. Mosser has for years been a director in the local banks, and has been distinguished for his good judgment, his business saga- city, and the integrity of his life in every relation. He has for many years been a consistent and liberal member of St. John's Lutheran Church of AUentown. He has travelled extensively in Europe and America, and is a man of great intelligence, of broad horizon, and of large information. TiLQHMAN H. MoTER, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-72. He was a son of John and Elizabeth Moyer, was born in Lehigh County, Pa., April 7, 1833, received a common-school educa- tion, and entered early in life into mercantile business at Cata- sauqua, and later at Allentown. In the latter place he was for many years cashier of the First National Bank. He was a great BIOGRAPHICAL. 259 Sunday-school worker, and was for a number of years super- intendent of St. John's Lutheran Sunday-school. During the War of the Eebellion he served in the Pennsylvania Militia. He was married to Susan E. Straub, October 23, 1855. He died in the fall of 1870. Frederick A. Mtihlenberg, D. D. (Pennsylvania, 1867), LL. D. (Muhlenberg, and Franklin and Marshall, 1887), was a member of the Board of Trustees, and President of the same ex officio, 1867-76. See sketch of his life under " Presidents of the College." Henrt B. Muhlenberg, M. D., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-70. He was a son of Dr. Frederick A. and Elizabeth Muhlenberg, was born at Lancaster, Pa., January 10, 1817, and died there June 25, 1877. He received his classical training at Lancaster and Get- tysburg, studied medicine with his distinguished father, and graduated from the Medical Department of the "University of Pennsylvania, after which he was engaged in the practice of his profession, in his native city, until his death. He was eminent in his profession for the soundness of his judgment and skill in surgery. He was collector of the United States revenue for Lancaster and adjoining counties, having been appointed by President Grant, in which office he continued until his death. HiESTER Henry Muhlenberg, M. D., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76. He was a son of Hon. Henry A. Muhlenberg, late Minister to Aus- tria, was born in Beading, Pa., January 15, 1812, and died in his native city, May, 1876. His mother was a daughter of Governor Joseph Hiester, of Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch was a graduate of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., and from the Medical Department of the Universitj'^ of Pennsyl- vania. He practised medicine for several years in his native place ; then was elected cashier of the Farmers' Bank of Beading, a position which he held with distinguished ability and success until his death. He occupied many positions of honor and trust in the Lutheran Church, and was a warm friend and liberal supporter of her institutions, both in contri- butions of money and rare and valuable books, and in many 260 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. ways showed his interest in the success of his church's opera- tions. William Musser, Esq., Philadelphia, was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-72. George H. Myers, Bethlehem, Pa., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1887. Mr. Myers is a son of Jacob A. and Sarah A. (Deardorff) Myers, was born in Adams County, Pa., August 26, 1843, and received his education at Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Pa., 1860-64, and graduated from Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., April 18, 1864. He came to Bethlehem in 1865, and went into the coal business in 1868, as a member of the firm of A. L. Mumper & Company. He is a stockholder and director of the Bethlehem Iron Company ; secretary, treasurer, and director of the Pio- neer Mining and Manufacturing Company, Thomas, Ala. ; di- rector and secretary of the Alden Coal Company, at Alden, Pa. ; treasurer of Mid-Valley Coal Company, at Wilberton, Pa.; director of Silver Brook Coal Company, Silver Brook, Pa. ; treasurer of the Cutter Silk Manufacturing Company, Bethle- hem; director of the Walmetate Silk Company, Catasauqua; director of the Pennsylvania and New York Canal and Eail- road Company ; head of firm of George H. Myers & Company, coal operators ; director of First National Bank, Bethlehem ; and since 1880 president of the same, at the age of thirty-seven. Burgess of Bethlehem for seven successive years. Independent in politics. He is a communicant member and elder of Grace Lutheran Church, Bethlehem. He married Caroline Weiss, of Bethlehem, Pa., June 18, 1873. Charles P. Norton was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the Ministerium, 1868-70. Mr. Norton was born in Eeading, Pa., October 18, 1818, and died August 4, 1870. He was for many years a member of the Board of Directors of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and one of its most munificent benefactors, endowing the '- Norton Professor- ship of Systematic Theology," occupied by Dr. Krauth and now by Dr. Jacobs. He was also for many years president of the Commonwealth Bank of Philadelphia and one of the directors of Hahnemann Hospital. BIOGRAPHICAL. 261 Eev. Solomon B. Ochsenpord, A. M. ('76), has been a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees since 1889. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." Eev. Jeremiah F. Ohl, A.M. ('71), has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1876. See sketch of bis life under "Alumni." Eev. John K. Plitt, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1876-85. He is a son of Lewis and Maria Plitt, was bora in Harrisburg, Pa., January 14, 1828, educated at Gettys- burg, graduating from Pennsylvania College in 1847 and from the Theological Seminary in 1850, and was licensed to preach in the same year. He held the position of Tutor in his oItml mater, 1847-48. He was pastor at Greenwich, N. J., 1850-66; Greensburg, Pa., 1866-73; Catasauqua, Pa., 1873-78; St. Stephen's, Philadelphia, 1878-83. Since 1889 he has been treasurer of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and for a num- ber of years a member of the Board of Directors of the Phila- delphia Theological Seminar}-. He is the author of various published articles. He married Mary A. Horner, Gettysburg, Pa., November 19, 1851. Amos W. Potteigee, Eeading, Pa., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1867, the date of the establishment of the College. Mr. Potteiger was born in Bern Township, Berks County, Pa., ]Srovember 23, 1824, being a son of John and Sarah Potteiger. He early showed a tendency for literary and mercantile pursuits. After teaching school for five seasons, he attended the private schools at Unionville, Berks County, and Unionville, Chester County, and was then elected Justice of the Peace of his native township. He was married to Louisa Seidel Kissinger of the same township, moved to the city of Eeading, where he entered the mercantile business, with which he has been prominently and successfully associated ever since. He has held a number of official positions, having been a member of the Eeading Councils for two terms, and was appointed on the Public Building Commission. He is an elder of Trinity Lutheran Church at Eeading, and has been a member of the Church Council for many years, taking great interest in its work. He has always taken a great interest 262 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. in the College and labored earnestly for its success. He is a liberal contributor to its current expense fund, and has contributed three thousand dollars to its endowment fund. Ohkistian Peetz, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76, re- elected by the Ministerium in 1876, and served until his death, February 28, 1884, having been secretary of the board, 1869-74. He was a son of John Philip and Maria Margaret (Saeger) Pretz, was born in Heidelberg Township, Northamp- ton (now Lehigh) County, Pa., April 29, 1801, received his education at Easton, Pa., Morristown, N. J., and Philadel- phia. Until his removal to Allentown he was a clerk at Mauch Chunk with White, Hauto & Hazard, coal operators. In 1820 he moved to Allentown and entered mercantile busi- ness, first with his brother and subsequently with Henry Weinsheimer, until 1859, when he retired from this business and devoted himself to real estate and building operations. He was in his day one of the leading citizens of Allentown and did much to develop and foster its growth. He erected two planing-mills, a large woollen-mill, and was interested in different iron manufacturing establishments, a director of the Allentown National Bank, School Director, City Council. In 1831-32 he sei-ved in the State Legislature. The firm of Pretz & Weinsheimer erected the principal buildings now em- braced in Muhlenberg College property. He subscribed twenty- eight shares of stock at one hundred dollars each when the joint stock company was organized to establish a college. Mr. Pretz was the secretary of the Board of Trustees for a number of years, a member of the committee on Buildings and Grounds, and it was under his supervision that the rear build- ing was erected. He was married to Abigail Saeger in 1831. Eev. Jacob B. Eath, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76, and re-elected by the Ministerium, 1876-85. See sketch of his life under " Former Professors." Eev. William Eath was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76, and re-elected by the Min- isterium, 1876-87, and president of the board, 1876-86. He BIOGRAPHICAL. 263 was a son of Jacob and Susanna (Boehm) Eath, was born near Priedensville, Lehigh County, Pa., September 23, 1826, and died at his home in Allentown, July 2, 1889. After a careful prepa- ration at Gettysbarg and elsewhere, he studied theology under the Eev. Jeremiah Schindel, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in 1852. He was pastor of congregations in Northampton County, residing at Cherryville, 1852-57, and from the latter date until his death he served numerous con- gregations in the vicinity of Allentown, organizing a number of congregations and effecting divisions of parishes. Besides his arduous pastoral duties, he also did a large amount of work for Conference, Synod, and the church institutions. He was closely connected and fully identified with the College from the beginning of its existence until his death. He was President of the Second Conference of the Ministerium, 1871-77, and again 1883-86. He was married, December 26, 1853, to Chris- tiana Elizabeth Snyder. His only son, Mj'ron O. Eath, is in the ministry, and is now serving some of the congregations formerly served by his father. Jonathan Eeichard, Allentown, was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76, and re-elected by the Ministerium, 1876-85, and Treasurer of the College, 1867-83. He is a son of Leonard and Susannah (Wind) Eeichard, was born in Lehigh County, Pa., April 15, 1810, and received a common-school education. He worked on the farm until the age of sixteen and then learned shoe-making. In 1832 he removed to Allentown and established a shoe-store. Besides his official positions in the College, he was a member of Town Council, 1846-48 ; City Treasurer, 1848-73 ; School Director, 1848-60 ; and Prison Inspector for three years. He was appointed lieutenant of State Militia by Governor James Porter. He was one of the founders of St. John's Lutheran Church and for many years a member of the vestry. He has been prominently identified with the work of the College since its establishment. He married Elizabeth P. Tombler, of Beth- lehem, Pa., August 26, 1832. Stephen A. Eepass, D. D., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1886. He is a son of Eufus and Sally Eepass, 264 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. was born ia "Wythe County, Va., November 25, 1838. He grad- uated from Eoanoke College, Salem, Va., in 1866, and from the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in 1869, and was ordained, in the same year, to the office of the ministry, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor at Salem, Va., 1869-72 ; Staunton, Va., 1884-85; and St. John's, AUentown, since July, 1885. He was president of the Theological Seminary, Salem, Va., 1873-84; president of the General Synod South, 1871-72; served as secretary of the Synod of Southwestern Virginia, and was a member of the Committee on Common Service from the South. Since his removal to the ]S"orth he has become thoroughly identified with the work of the General Council and is taking a leading part in the various operations of the church. He is one of the editors of the Church Messenger, a frequent contributor of valuable theological and practical articles to the Church Review and other periodicals of the church. In 1892 he was elected Professor of Christian Evi- dences in Muhlenberg. In 1870 he was married to Fannie B. Hancock, of Southwest Virginia. Charles M. Hunk, Esq., AUentown, was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1875-76. He was a native of Columbia County, Pa., graduated from Yale College in 1845, was admitted to the Bar at AUentown, August 31, 1846, and was graduated from the Harvard Law School in 1847. He established a very successful law practice at AUentown, was deputy attor- ney-general for Lehigh County, 1848-50, city solicitor of Allen- town for a number of j-'ears, and a delegate to the convention that in 1873 framed the present Constitution of Pennsylvania. Alfred G. Saeqer has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1885. He is a son of William and Hannah (Gangewere) Saeger, was born in AUentown, Pa., June 19, 1835, and received his education in the AUentown Seminary. He entered mercantile business in AUentown, January 1, 1856, but since 1869 has been engaged in the tanning business. He married Ella Troxell, AUentown, November 30, 1869. Thomas W. Saeqer has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1886. He is a son of William and Hannah Saeger, was born in AUentown, November 30, 1843, received BIOGRAPHICAL. 265 his education in the AUentown Seminary and Pennsylvania College, entering tte latter institution in 1863 and graduating in 1866. Since his graduation he has been engaged in the mill- ing business at AUentown. He married Florence A. Troxell, AUentown, January 26, 1875. William Saeger was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1867-76. He is a son of Jacob and Margaret (Mickley) Saeger, was born at North "Whitehall, Lehigh County, Pa., September 4, 1806, and received his edu- cation in a private school at AUentown. He has for many years been engaged in extensive mercantile business in Allen- town, and took an active part in the establishment of the College. He was president of the AUentown National Bank for many years, 1862-88. He married Hannah Gangewere, February 19, 1833. Charles H. Schaeffer, Esq., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1876-89. He is a son of the Eev. Dr. Charles F. and Susan S. Schaeffer, was born at Columbus, Ohio, August 4, 1840. He graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1860, was admitted to the Bar at Beading in 1864, where he has since been en- gaged in the practice of his profession. He served during the War of the Eebellion in the Forty-second Regiment, Pennsyl- vania Yolunteers. He takes an active and intelligent interest in the educational and other operations of the Lutheran Church. He has published numerous professional and political articles in legal and political periodicals. He married Amelia McKnight, Eeading, May 30, 1867. Charles W. Schaefeek, D. D. (University of Pennsylvania, 1857), LL.D. (Thiel, 1887), was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1868-76, elected by the Ministei-ium. He is the son of the Eev. Frederick Solomon Schaeffer, was born at Hagers- town, Md., May 5, 1813. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in 1835, and was ordained to the office of the min- istry in 1836. Immediate]}' after his ordination he became pastor of several congregations in Montgomery County, which he served until 1841. He was pastor at Harrisburg, 1841-49, and Germantown, 1849-75, when he retired as pastor emeritus, 18 266 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. which he still holds. He has been Professor of Church History in the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, since its establish- ment in 1864, and chairman of the faculty since 1879. He has held many offices of honor and trust in the Greneral Council and in the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and has been a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania since 1859. He is a sound theologian, a finished scholar, a graceful writer, an excellent teacher, and a lovable Christian gentleman. He is the author of a number of important books, and has done editorial work for many years. His best known published works are "Early History of the Lutheran Church in America," 1857, " Family Prayer for Morning and Evening," and " Halle Reports." William Ashmead Schabf^er, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1875-76. He is a son of the Eev. Dr. C. W. Schaeflfer. He received his educa- tion in Philadelphia, graduating from the University of Penn- sylvania in 1866 and from the Lutheran Theological Seminary in 1869, was ordained to the oflSee of the ministry in the same year. He has been pastor at Wilkesbarre, Baston, and Phila- delphia, having been pastor of St. Stephen's Church, in the latter city, for ten years. He is actively engaged in the foreign and home missionary operations of the Ministerium and the General Council, is secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, and edits The Foreign Missionary. He also edits and publishes The Seed-Sower, an excellent paper for the little folks. Eev. Peanklin J. P. Schantz, A. M., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since the establishment of the College in 1867, being elected at a meeting of the stockholders of an associ- ation formed to purchase the property of the AUentown Semi- nary, held at the Allen House, AUentown, Saturday, February 2, 1867. He is one of the few men who have been in the board from the beginning to the present, the other two being Dr. Seiss and A. W. Potteiger. The subject of this sketch is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Fogle) Schantz, was born at Schantz's Mill, Lehigh County, Pa., January 8, 1836. He received his education in the AUentown Seminary, 1848-50 ; AUentown Collegiate Insti- tute, 1850-63 ; and Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, 1853-55, graduating in the latter year. He studied theology BIOGKAPmCAL. 267 in the Seminary at GeUysburg, 1855-57, graduating in 1857 ; was licensed September 28, of the same year, and ordained to the office of the ministry by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1858. From October, 1857, until January, 1858, he labored as supply of Trinity Church, Eeading, when he became pastor of the same, and continued until 1861. He was pastor at Cat- asauqua, 1861-66, and at Myerstown since 1867, serving also other congregations in the vicinity of the latter place. He was financial agent of the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1865-66. He has always taken a deep interest in the affairs of the church, and has frequently been called upon to do special work. He was secretary of the Third Conference in 1861, president of the same, 1869-71, and president of the Fourth Conference, 1872-76. He became a member of the Ex- ecutive Committee of the Ministerium in 1869, and has been a member of the same to date, with the exception of about one j-ear, 1871-72, and has been secretary of the committee since 1879. He was a trustee of the Orj)hans' Home, Germantown, 1872-75 ; has been delegate to the General Council since 1874, and a member of the English Home Mission Committee of the General Council since 1882. Eev. Jacob D. Sohindel, A. M., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1874, and was secretary of the same, 1874-85. He is a son of the Eev. Jeremiah and Elizabeth A. (Mosser) Schindel ; was born, at South "Whitehall, Lehigh County, Pa., January 11, 1841 ; received his preparatory train- ing at AUentown Seminary and Missionary Institute, Selins- grove; entered Junior Class in Pennsylvania College, and grad- uated in 1864; studied theology in the Seminary in Philadelphia, entering in 1864 and graduating in 1867, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the same year by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of the Lutheran congrega- tion at Catasauqua and neighboring congregations, 1873-88, when he resigned as pastor at Catasauqua, but retained the other congregations of his parish, which he now serves, residing at AUentown. He was secretary of the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, 1878-81. He married Ella C. Schmoyer, AUentown, July 2, 1868. 268 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Eev. Benjamin W. Schmauk, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1882-85, and again since 1889. See sketch of his life under " Former Professors." Beale M. ScHMtrcKER, D. D. (University of Pennsylvania, 1870), was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76, and, elected by the Ministerium, from 1876 until his death in 1888. He was a son of the Eev. Dr. S. S. Schmueker, was born at Gettysburg, August 26, 1827, grad- uated from Pennsylvania College in 1844 and the Gettysburg Seminary in 1847, and was ordained to the office of the minis- try in 1849 by the Synod of Virginia. He was pastor at Mar- tinsburg, Va., 1845-51 ; Allentown, 1852-62 ; Easton, 1862-67 ; Beading, 1867-81 ; and Pottstown, 1881, until his death. He died at Pottstown, October 18, 1888. He was one of the founders of the Theological Seminary at Philadelphia in 1864, of Muhlenberg College in 1867, and of the General Council in 1867. He was secretary of the General Council's Committee on Foreign Missions, 1869-88 ; secretary of the Executive Committee of the Ministerium for many years ; corresponding secretary of the General Council from the time of its organ- ization until his death ; and secretary of the Board of Directors of the Theological Seminary, 1864-88. He was recognized as one of the best liturgical scholars and hymnologists in America. Most of his leisure time was devoted to these studies, and most of his contributions to the literature of the Lutheran Church were in this line. He was co-editor with Dr. Mann of the Hallesche Nachrichten. He edited "Liturgy of the Ministe- rium of Pennsylvania," 1860 ; " Collection of Hymns," 1865 ; "Church Book of the General Council," 1868; "Ministerial Acts," 1887 ; and he took a leading part in the preparation of the Common Service for the use of English Lutheran churches in America. Joseph A. Seiss, D. D. (Pennsylvania, 1860), LL. D. (Eoanoke, 1884), L. H. D. (Muhlenberg, 1892), has been a member of the Board of Trustees since the establishment of the College in 1867. He was born at Graceham, Frederick County, Md., March 18, 1823. He received his education partly in Penn- sylvania College and partly under the instruction of pri- BIOGRAPHICAL. 269 vate tutors, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in 1844. After occupying pastorates in Virginia and Maryland, he became pastor of St. John's English Lutheran Church, Phila- delphia, in 1858. In 1874 he founded the Church of the-Holy Communion, and has been its efficient pastor since that time. He is one of the best known pulpit orators and authors of the Lutheran Church in America. He published his first work at the age of twenty-two, and has since then published more than a hundred works, some of which have been republished in Eng- land and translated into other languages. It is impossible to enumerate his many valuable works in this connection; but for a list of his works the reader is referred to his bibliography, 1887, and "Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography" and " Jensson's American Lutheran Biographies." Martin A. Seiple, Allentown, was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1868-76. He was a sou of Martin and Elizabeth (Werkheiser) Seiple, was born in Forks Township, Northamp- ton County, Pa., January 31, 1824, and died January 16, 1887. Early in life he worked on the farm, taught school, and afterwards went into business. He was engaged in business successively at Ruchsville, at Coplay, as a member of the firm of Johnston, S wartz & Co., Allentown, and later the head of the firm of M. A. Seiple & Co., wholesale dry-goods merchants. He was an active worker in the Lutheran Church. He was married to Eliza Matilda Erdman, August 28, 1851. Hon. Edward S. Shimeb, has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1868. He is a son of Charles B. and Anna (Schantz) Shimer, was born at Shimerville, Lehigh County, Pa., and received his education at Stewartsville, N. J. At the age of seventeen he removed to Allentown, since which time he has been a resident of the place, entering mercantile pur- suits of various kinds, and so continuing ever since. He has served, at various times, as a member of boards of directors of banks, iron-works, insurance companies, and boards of trade. He was elected mayor of the city of Allentown in 1884, served one term, and declined to be a candidate for renomination. He is a member of the firm of Shimer & Co., wholesale and retail dealers in carpets, etc. Besides the many duties of his 270 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. large business, he finds time to devote to church work and the duties connected with his position in the College, and is an effi- cient member of the executive and financial committees of the board. He married Ann Catharine Kramer, Allentown, October 30, 1853. Eev. Enoch Smith, A. M., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1885-92. He is a son of Jacob and Prances (Frantz) Smith, was born in Thomson Township, Delaware County, Ohio, March 31, 1839, and received his education in Capital Univer- sity, Columbus, Ohio, graduating in 1859. He studied theology in the Seminary of the Joint Synod of Ohio, Columbus, and was ordained to the office of the ministry by the Joint Synod, December 21, 1861. He was pastor at Bellefontaine, Ohio, 1861-63 ; St. Paris, Ohio, 1863-66 ; Carrollton, Ohio, 1866-70 ; Mount Pleasant, Pa., 1870-73 ; Greensburg, Pa., 1873-81 ; Beth- lehem, Pa., 1881-92, when he became pastor at Butler, Pa. He has held many offices of honor and trust, having been, at various times, secretary of the District Synod of Ohio, president of the Second Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, member of the Executive Committee of the College Board, co- editor of Church Messenger, and president of the Church Mes- senger Association. He is the author of a " Life of Luther for Young People," published by T. H. Diehl, Allentown, 1883. He married Elizabeth Hebel, April 23, 1862. Adolph Spaeth, D. D. (University of Pennsylvania, 1875), was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1870-82. He was born in Esslingen, Wtirtemberg, Germany, October 29, 1839, received his classical and theological training in the University of Tiibingen, where he was graduated in 1861. During the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, came to the United States in 1863, and has been pastor of St. John's German Church, Philadelphia, since 1867. Since 1873 ho has been professor in the Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, was president of the General Coun- cil in 1880, and delegate of the General Council to the General Conference of Lutheran Ministers at Hamburg, Germany, in 1887. He takes a leading part in the operations of the Min- isterium and Council, home and foreign missions, education, BJOORAPHICAL. 271 deaconess work, and is a frequent contributor to the period- icals of the church, English and German, in this country and in Europe. He was editor of the Jugend Freund for many years, and is the author of a number of books and tracts. He is married to the daughter of the late Dr. Erauth. GrEORGE P. SpiEKER, D. D. (Eoanoke, 1887), has been a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees and its president since 1886. See sketch of his life under " Present Professors." Luther K. Stine, M. D., Philadelphia, was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1870-76. He is a son of the Eev. John and Sallie Stine, was born at Jonestown, Pa., August 23, 1836, and received his preparatory training at Orwigsburg Academy and Ereeland Institute. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1860, and is engaged in the practice of his profession in the same city. He married Matilda A. Bowers, June 10, 1860. Edwin H. Stine, Esq., A. M. ('75), has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1889. See sketch of his life under "Alumni." Eev. GrusTAv A. Struntz, Wilkesbarre, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1874-76, and 1886-91. He is a native of Germany, and received his classical and theolog- ical education in his native land. He came to America a num- ber of years ago, and has been pastor of various congregations connected with the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, for many years at Pittston, and since 1891 at Wilkesbarre. He takes an active and intelligent interest in the educational and other operations of the Lutheran Church. Benjamin P. Trexler, Allentown, was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1867-76. He is a son of Benjamin and Rachel (Wetzel) Trexler, was born in Berks County, Pa., Feb- ruary 25, 1827. At the age of thirteen years he moved to Allen- town to learn the printer's trade in the Friedenshote office. He has been the publisher and founder of various German papers, and at present publishes Friedenshote (since 1870) and Weltbote, which he founded. Both periodicals have a large circulation. He is actively engaged in the business connected with his 272 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. trade, and is, besides, an active worker in St. Paul's Lutheran Church, of which he is an oflScer. Horatio Trexler, Esq., Beading, was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1868-74. Jacob J. Ueberroth, Priedensville, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1868-70. He is the son of Jacob and Cath- arine (Weaver) Ueberroth, was born at Upper Saucon, Lehigh County, Pa., June 24, 1824. He has for many years been en- gaged in farming and mercantile pursuits, and is an active member of the Lutheran Church. His wife's maiden name was Caroline Schawd. A. Stanley Ulrich, Esq., A. M.., has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1868. He is a son of Adam and Ee- beeca Ulrich, was born at Annville, Pa., March 3, 1836, re- ceived his education in his native place, Pennsylvania College, 1857-59, and Yale College, 1859-61, graduating on June 26, 1861. He studied law under Hon. N. H. Starkey, Deep Eiver, Conn., and was admitted to the Bar at Middletown, Conn., February, 1862, and at Lebanon, Pa., April, 1862. He has always taken a deep interest in church matters, and has held many positions in the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and the General Council. He was for some time a member of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Seminary, and fre- quently a delegate to the General Council. He also served for twenty years as school director of Lebanon, and was again re-elected last year for another term of four years, and is chairman of the Finance and Examining Committees of the High School. Nor has his pen been idle, as may be seen from the following selected titles of prose and poetic contributions to various publications : " The War and its Immediate Ee- sults;" "College Eeminiscences ;" "An Incidental Narrative ;" " Afloat and Ashore, or Two Hours in the Waters of Long Island Sound ;" " A Eomanee of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Militia after Antietam ;" " Vain Aspirations for Genius ;" " The Spectre of Hanging Eock, or a Chapter in the Life of a Union Spy;" " The Causes of National Tribulations;" "The Wander- ing Johnny, or the Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Militia on their Muscle," etc. Poems: "A Vision;" "Lives there a Man;" BIOGRAPHICAL. 273 " Just before the Battle ;" " The Battle Slain ;" " The Union Freeman's Song ;" " American !N'ational Song ;" " Sunrise on the Waves ;" " Home-Side Pleasures," etc. Eev. Jacob T. Vogelbach was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1868-76. He was born at Kirchen, grand duchy of Baden, Germany, July 25, 1814, came to this country in 1834, was ordained to the ofiftce of the ministry, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in 1836, and served congregations in Harris- burg, Pittsburg, Allentown, and Philadelphia. He died in Philadelphia, November 20, 1880. He held many ofiflces in his Synod, and was highly esteemed by his brethren in the ministry. He was an earnest worker and a successful pastor. Eevere p. "Weidner ('69), D. D. (Carthage College), was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1876-83. See sketch of his life under " Former Professors." James Weiler was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-70. He is a native of Berks County, and has for many years been engaged in business in Upper Macungie, Lehigh County, Pa. He is an active member of the Eeformed Church. Henry Weinshbimee, Allentown, was a member of the Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders, 1868-76, and elected by the Ministerium, 1876-87. He is a son of Frederick and Phillipina (Pretz) Weinsheimer, was born at Waldhilbersheim, Prussia, Germany, October 10, 1814, and received his education in the parochial schools of his native place. He was a soldier in the Prussian army, 1836-37, landed in New York in June of 1838, and located in Allentown, where he was a prominent merchant for nearly fifty years. He took a leading part in the organization of St. John's Lutheran Church, and has re- peatedly been a member of its vestry. He was half-owner of the present College property, and sold it to the Muhlenberg College corporation in 1867. He at that time subscribed twenty-eight shares of stock, which ho has since transferred to the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Hon. Egbert B. Wright was one of the founders of the College, the first president of the Board of Trustees (1867), and a member of the board from 1867 until his death, in 1886. 274 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. He was born in Allen town in 1810, educated at Allentown Seminary, studied law, and was admitted to the Bar and prac- tised in his native city until his death. He occupied many prominent positions, and was regarded as a good authority in legal matters He published numerous books, among which may be mentioned "Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania;" " Aldermen and Justices of the Peace," Philadelphia, 1839 ; "The OflSce and Duties of Constables," 1840; ' Eeported Cases determined in the Several Courts of Pennsylvania from May Term, 1836, till December, 1841," 1842 ; " Pennsylvania State Eeports" (fourteen volumes), 1861-66. He also edited G-raj'- don's " Forms of Conveyancing," 1845 ; Samuel Eoberts' "Digest of Select British Statutes," 1847; and Brewster's " Eeports at Law and in Equity," 1847. Egbert Emmet Wkiqht, Esq., Allentown, has been a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees since 1886. He is a son of Hon. Eobert E. and Maria Wright, was born in Allentown, Pa., Feb- ruary 15, 1847, and was educated at the Allentown Academy. He afterwards studied law, and has risen to exceptional promi- nence in his profession. Besides the manifold duties of his profession, he is president and director of Allentown National Bank, president Lehigh Valley Car Company, director of Al- lentown and Bath Electric Eailway, and director in fourteen different corporations in Pennsylvania. He was candidate for auditor-general of Pennsylvania in 1891, and is now secretary of the World's Fair Commission of Pennsylvania. He was married to Mary O. Delacroix in 1885. Eev. Joshtta Yeager was a member of the Board of Trus- tees, 1867-76. He was a son of Eev. Johann Conrad and Bar- bara (Schmidt) Yeager, was bom September 23, 1802, and died at his home in Allentown, August 1, 1888. He was or- dained to the oflSce of the ministry in 1827, and from that date to the year 1831 was his father's assistant. From 1831 he served congregations in the vicinity of Allentown until the end of his life. " The life of Father Yeager, whose history extends over more than fourscore years, was characterized by constant activity and great laboriousness." Eev. Samuel A. Ziegenfuss, A. M. ('70), has been a member BIOGRAPHICAL. 275 of the Board of Trustees since 1883, and secretary of the same since 1886. See sketch of his life under " Alumni." John B. Zimmele, Bethlehem, Pa., was a member of the Board of Trustees, 1874-76. Mr. Zimmele was born in Phila- delphia, February 14, 1833, and received his education in the schools connected with Zion Lutheran Church. He took up mercantile pursuits, and removed to Bethlehem in 1859, where he has been prominent in business circles ever since. He was superintendent of Philadelphia and Eeading Express Company, 1877-87. He is director and treasurer of the Bethlehem Silk Company, director of First National Bank of Bethlehem, member of the borough Council, and president of the School Board. He was one of the founders of Grace English Lutheran Church, in which he has been an elder ever since, and the superintendent of its Sunday-school for twenty years. He married Julia Wernle, of Philadelphia, May 13, 1858. 0. RECORD OF STUDENTS. In this part of the Muhlenberg Memorial Volume we pre- sent brief biographical sketches of all those who have ever been connected with the institution, as far as it has been pos- sible to secure any data. No attempt has been made at the presentation of extended biographies, but merely a statement of the most important events in the life of each student. The limitation of space necessitated brevity in every instance. The editor makes acknowledgment, in this connection, of uniform courtesy received from the sons of Muhlenberg College, with a few exceptions, in their replies to his letters of inquiry. The task of gathering the data for these sketches has been excep- tionally difficult, owing to the fact that no class histories have been preserved ; but the results are most gratifying, since we have here the record of many hundred men, many of whom are now occupying prominent and leading positions in the Church and State, or are engaged in successful business enter- prises. Some mistakes will, doubtless, be discovered in some of the sketches, owing to the fact that some of the subjects of the sketches failed to furnish the necessary data, and that some of the information had to be accepted at second-hand. The special aim all the way through has been accuracy ; hence, wherever mistakes are found, they are not solely due to lack of care on the part of the one who had the matter in charge, for the desire on his part has been to make the work as reliable and as nearly perfect as possible. It is proper to add that in the records of the alumni no notice is taken of the degrees A. B. and A.M., since all graduates up to this time have received them ; but where other degrees have been conferred, either by alma mater or other institutions, the facts are properly mentioned. In the case of non-graduates, 276 BIOGRAPHICAL. 277 all degrees are mentioned in the sketclies wherever the facts are known. The names of those who have died are marked with an asterisk (*). Since this department of the Memorial Volume is intended to record the name and life of every one who has been at any time a student in Muhlenberg, it contains sketches of gradu- ates and non-graduates. The sketches are arranged in alpha- betical order as follows : 1, Alumni; 2, If on-graduates ; 3, Un- dergraduates ; and, 4, Preparatorians. In this way there is furnished for the reader a self-explanatory list of all those who have been graduated from Muhlenberg or have spent any time in the institution, with a proper designation of the time spent there. At the end of the volume is given an alphabetical list of all the names contained in this part of the volume. I. ALUMNI. Albreoht, John W., son of one of the Lutheran ministers in Ohio, was born in Ohio. He spent one year in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, 1870-71 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1872 and graduated in 1875. He was a mem- ber of the Buterpean Literary Society. After graduation he studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, graduated in 1878, and shortly afterwards was ordained to the ofSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Pittsburg Synod. He was pastor of St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, 1879-81; pastor at Vandalia, 111., 1881-82. After resigning the latter pastorate he went into secular busi- ness, and is now editor of a newspaper at Warren, Pa. Angstadt, Thomas M., son of Daniel E. and Polly Angstadt, was born in Eockland Township, Berks County, Pa., April 15, 1856. He received his preparatory training at Oley Academy, Priedensburg, Berks County, Pa., attending the spring and fall sessions during the years 1874-77. He entered College in the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1881. During his course he re- ceived part of the German prize given to the Sophomore Class. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, He 278 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. entered the Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, Pa., in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1884. After hia ordination to the oflSee of the ministry in the Lu- theran Church he became pastor of the Mahone Bay Parish in Nova Scotia, Canada, where he labored successfully until the year 1887, when he became disabled, owing to long and weari- some journeys which he was compelled to make in the dis- charge of his pastoral duties in his extensive parish. After his retirement from the pastorate in Nova Scotia he studied medi- cine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from 1888 to 1890, graduating with the degree of M. D. on April 2, 1890, and located at New Jerusalem, Berks County, Pa. Bachman, Eeuben Henry, son of Charles and Sarah Jane Bachman, was born at Stemton, Northampton County, Pa., October 23, 1868. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1885-87 ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated June 18, 1891. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, College Missionary Society, and the Athletic Association. He is principal of Cres- well Academy, Creswell, N. C. Bauman, John Albert, son of John Martin and Margaret (Kunsman) Bauman, was born at South Easton, Pa., Septem- ber 21, 1847. He received his preparatory training at Quaker- town, 1868, and Academic Department of College, 1869 ; entered College in the fall of the same year and graduated June 26, 1873. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He received the German Prize, 1870 ; Phj'siological Prize and Oratorical Prize, 1872; and First Honor and Valedictory, 1873. Studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, entering September 4, 1873, and graduating June, 1876. He was ordained to the office of the ministry by the Ministe- rium of Pennsylvania, at Eeading, June 14, 1876. He has held the following positions : Pastor of three congregations in "West- moreland County, Pa., 1876-77 ; Professor of Higher Mathe- matics and Vice-Principal Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1877-81 ; Professor of English Eeading, Ehet- oric and Literature, German, and Latin in Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn., 1881-85 ; Professor of Natural and BIOGRAPHICAL. 279 Applied Sciences in Muhlenberg College since 1885. Professor Bauman married Lizzie Kiefer, July 30, 1880. For a more complete sketch of his life, see under the heading " Faculty.'' Bbates, James Frederick, son of Frederick William and Sophia M.. (Keller) Beatee, was born in Lancaster, Pa., !Novem- ber 17, 1856. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1875-76 ; entered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated in June, 1880, receiv- ing second honor and the Latin Salutatory. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After graduation he entered the Theological Semi- nary of the Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, and graduated June 2, 1884. June 10 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He be- came pastor of a Lutheran congregation in Lancaster, Ohio, im- mediately after his ordination, which he served until the year 1887, when hebecamepastor of the congregation in Toledo, Ohio, both congregations being in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran District Synod of Ohio. He has been a successful pastor and accomplished very much for the Lutheran Church in Toledo. Several years ago he organized a mission congre- gation in another part of the city. He was assistant tutor in the Academical Department of Muhlenberg College, under the principalship of the Rev. A. E. Home, D. D., from September, 1879, to June, 1881, and secretary of the District Synod of Ohio (General Council) from June, 1887, to June 4, 1890. In the fall of 1891 he accepted, from the English Board of Missions of the General Council, a call as English missionary in Salt Lake City, Utah, where he is now laboring. Beates, William A., son of Frederick William and Sophia M. (Keller) Beates, was born in Lancaster, Pa., February 4, 1849. He received his preparatory training in the State Nor- mal School at Millersville, Pa., and in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1867-68 ; entered College in Sep- tember, 1868, and graduated in June, 1872. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating 280 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. in the year 1882, and was ordained to the office of the Lutheran ministry, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 5, 1882. His life has been devoted to teaching, as Tutor in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1872-79 ; Principal of the High School, Lancaster, O., 1882-88 ; and President of Thiel College, Greenville, Mercer County, Pa., 1888-90. In the latter year he retired from the arduous position of the presidency of Thiel College on account of failing health, and for some time resided, in retirement, at Conewago, Pa. In the fall of 1891 he became pastor of the Amanda Parish in connection with the District Synod of Ohio, having his residence at Lancaster, Ohio. Beck, Eichard H., is a native of Pennsylvania. He came to College from Hecktown, entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1867 and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. After graduation he pursued a course in medicine, and after graduation, with the degree of M. D., he located at Hecktown, Pa., where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. Becker, James Ludwig, son of Jesse Z. and BHzabeth (Lud- wig) Becker, was born in Penn Township, Berks County, Pa., June 1, 1849. He received his preparatory training in Palati- nate College, Myerstown, Pa., 1868-69 and 1870-71 ; entered the Junior Class in Muhlenberg College in the fall of 1872 and graduated in June, 1874. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1874 and graduated in 1877. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania. He was pastor of the Sellersville Parish, consisting of three congregations, 1877-88. In the latter year he suc- ceeded in dividing his large parish into two parishes, serving only a part and uniting with it Lansdale, since November, 1888. At Lansdale, Trinity Church erected a beautiful house of worship in 1890. During his preparatory course he taught school, 1867-72. Since October 7, 1877, he has been secretary of the First District Conference of the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania. * Berlin, Wilson S., son of Daniel Berlin, was born in BIOGRAPHICAL. 281 Cherryville, Pa., August 8, 1853. In his boyhood he attended the public schools in the vicinity of his home ; in 1869 he en- tered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; en- tered College in 1871 and graduated in June, 1875. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. After his graduation he went to Beading and began the study of medicine under Dr. D. W. Schoener. He took a full course in medicine in Jef- ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1878, with the degree of M. D. He practised medicine for about nine months at Conynghara, Luzerne County, and then, early in 1879, removed to AUentown. He met with success and had soon gained a large practice in the city. He was coroner of the city of AUentown, 1884-88; a member of the Lehigh County Medical Society and for some time its secretary ; and a member of St. John's Eeformed Church. He married, March 24, 1881, Miss Annie M. Newhard, of AUentown, Pa. He died in May, 1889, at his home in AUentown. BiCKEL, Lewis Jacob, son of Lewis and Eebecca (Brb) Bickel, was born in Pottsgrove Township, Montgomery County, Pa., July 17, 1857. He received his preparatory training in Hill School, 1873-74, and High School, 1875-77, Pottstown, and Academic Department Muhlenberg College, 1878. He entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He received the Junior oratorical prize of twenty-five dollars, 1881, and third honor at graduation. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Society, and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. In the fall of 1882 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1885. In Juno of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. He taught public school in Potts- grove Township, Montgomery County, 1874-78. He was pastor of Faith, Hope, and Peace Lutheran Chapels, missions of Trinity Lutheran congregation. Beading, Pa., from Novem- ber 14, 1885, to November 1, 1890. He became pastor of St. Stephen's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Wilmington, Del., November 1, 1890. He married, June 27, 1889, Miss Ger- trude Prick Beideman, of Beading, Pa. 19 282 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. BiEBER, Milton James, son of Jonathan and Bregitta (Schwoyer) Bieber, was born at Kutztown, Berks County, Pa., December 13, 1862. He received bis preparatory training in the Normal School of his native place, graduating in 1886 ; en- tered College in the fall of 1888, and graduated in 1891, with first honor. He received the botanical prize at the end of his Sophomore year. He was a member of the Euterpean Liter- ary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He is now en- gaged in the study of theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., and will graduate in 1894. Bieber, William John, son of Joshua S. and Mary Bieber, was born at Kutztown, Pa., December 20, 1854. He received his preparatory training in Keystone State ISTorraal School, at his native place, 1869-74 ; entered the Sophomore Class in 1874 and graduated in 1877. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In the fall of the year 1877 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in June, 1881. He was ordained to the ofSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsj'lvania, June 1, 1881 ; and immediately afterwards took charge of the Hellertown Parish, consisting of three congregations, which he is still acceptably and successfully serving. He resides at Hellertown, Pa. He married, July 31, 1883, Miss Lilly B. Sander. BiTTNER, Albert Jacob, son of Elias and Mary Annie Bitt- ner, was born at Pleasant Corner, Heidelberg Township, near Allentown, Pa., June 14, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated in 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After his graduation he took up the study of medicine, and is now pursuing a course of study in the Boston University School of Medicine, from which he expects to graduate in 1893. BoHN, Milton Warnes, son of Edward Krick and Catharine (Warnes) Bohn, was born at North Heidelberg, Berks County, Pa., September 7, 1860. He received his preparatory training in Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, Montgomery BIOaHAPJHICAL. 283 County, Pa., September, 1880, to June, 1882. In September of the latter year he entered the Junior Class of Muhlenberg Col- lege and graduated in June, 1884. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society, Muhlenberg College Glee Club, and Phi Gamma Delta Praternity. In September of the same year he assumed the duties of a professorship in the State College, at State College, Centre County, Pa., where he has met with great success as an instructor. Bond, William Feanklin, son of Edwin and Catharine (Stump) Bond, was born in Greenwich Township, Berks County, Pa., October 31, 1861 ; received his preparatory train- ing in Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1882-83 ; entered College in 1884 and graduated in 1888. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. At the end of the Sophomore year he received a prize of fifteen dollars for an essay, entitled " The Physical Basis of Musical Sound." He also received the Junior oratorical prize, and honorable men- tion for standing in his class at graduation. In the fall of 1888 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in May, 1891. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsjdvania, in 1891, and immediately afterwards became Pastor of the Lutheran Church at Tower City) Pa. He taught public schools during the years 1879 to 1883. BoTEK, Charles C, son of Joseph and Magdalena (Gunsett) Boyer, was born at Lewistown, Schuylkill County, Pa., August 6, 1860. He received his preparatory training in Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1877-80, and under Eev. I. N". S. Brb, Orwigsburg, Pa., 1880-83 ; entered the Junior Class in 1883 and graduated, with second honor, in 1885. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He spent nearly a year at the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadel- phia, 1886, after which Eev. Professor Hancher, Kutztown, di- rected his theological studies previous to his ordination. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in 1888. He was Professor of Pedagogy and Psychology in the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1886-91. In the latter year he 284 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. became pastor of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, at Boyertown, Pa., as successor of Rev. L. Groh, who had been the pastor of the congregation for twenty-five years. Eev. Boyer was eminently successful as a teacher, and he only left his honorable position and entered upon the laborious duties of the pastorate from a sense of duty to his church. He is as successful in the latter position as in the former one. He mar- ried, August 7, 1889, Miss Margie Wright, Mount Carmel, Pa. He has published : " Practical Conspectus on Ehetorical Style and Invention ;'' " Concrete Psychology," Kutztown, Pa., 1890 ; and several other books. Breinig, Alfred John Lewis, son of Edwin L. and Catha- rine (Schwartz) Breinig, was born at Egypt, Lehigh County, Pa., April 25, 1860. He received his preparatory training in the Keystone State ITormal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1878-80; entered College in 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in 1884, and graduated in 1887. In the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, and immediately afterwards took charge of the Trev- orton Parish, consisting of three congregations, which he is still serving. He married, in 1888, Miss Annie S. Keefer. Brown, James Egbert, son of James Eobert and Lavina Lydia (Beers)' Brown, was born in South Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., August 16, 1866. He prepared for Col- lege in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1887. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation he studied theology in the Eeformed Theological Seminary at Lancaster, Pa., graduated in May, 1890, and shortly afterwards was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church. He is now pastor of the Eeformed congregation at Eebersburg, Pa. He married Helen E. Mohn, July 28, 1889. *Brunner, Daniel Edwin, son of Hon. David B. and Amanda E. Brunner, was born in Eeading, Pa., September 10, 1863. He received his preparatory training in the Scientific BIOGRAPHICAL. 285 Academy, Reading, Pa. ; entered College September 1, 1881, and graduated June 25, 1885. He -was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. At the end of the Sophomore year he received a prize of five dollars for the best collection of botanical specimens, 1883, and at the end of the Junior year, in 1884, he received one-half of a prize of ten dollars for the best collection of minerals, the other half being received by Howard S. Seip. He entered the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1885 with a view of taking a special course in analytical chemistry, but a week prior to the close of the scholastic year, in 1886, he took sick, and was compelled to lay aside his books. In Sep- tember, 1886, he went West, spending more than a year in Colorado in order to regain his health, but returned in 1887 without having received any benefits from the change in climate, and grew worse rapidly until the end. He died March 26, 1888. Butler, Frederick William, was born in Berks County, Pa., August 22, 1849. He received his preparatory training in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg, Pa. ; entered the Freshman Class in the same institution in 1866 ; entered the Sophomore Class in Muhlenberg College in the fall of 1867, at the opening of the first session of the newly- established College, and graduated in 1870. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduating he went into business in Reading, in which he is still engaged. He married Mary B. Hahn, of Chester, Pa., in 1876. BuTZ, George Samuel, son of Eeuben D. and Mary Butz, was born at Allentown, Pa., August 13, 1870. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place ; entered College on September 3, 1887, and graduated in 1891, receiving at the close of his Senior year the Butler Analogy prize. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He entered the Reformed Theological Seminary, Lancaster, Pa., in the fall of 1891, with a view of preparing for the office of the ministry in the Re- formed Church in the United States. Butz, Raymond Elmer, son of John D. and Anna Maria 286 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Butz, was born at Allentown, Pa., July 6, 1864. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, graduating from the Allentown High School in June, 1883. In the fall of the same year he entered College, and graduated in June, 1887. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied theology in the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church, Lancas- ter, Pa., graduating in 1890 ; and in May of the same year he was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, and shortly afterwards, after his return from a tour through Europe during the summer of 1890, he took charge of the Reformed Church at Catawissa. Butz, Eeuben Jacob, son of Eeuben Dresher and Mary Ann Butz, was born at Butz Dale, Lehigh County, Pa., January 13, 1867. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in June, 1883 ; entered College in September of the same year and graduated in June, 1887. He was a member of the So- phronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He received honorable mention in the Junior oratorical contest, 1886 ; the Fry Butler Analogy prize in the Senior year ; and first honor at graduation, receiving in consequence the Amos Bttinger Honor Medal, 1887. During his collegiate course he was business manager of The Muhlenberg, 1884, assistant editor in 1886, and editor-in-chief from September, 1886, to February, 1887. After graduation he studied law in the oflSee of Eobert E. Wright, Esq., Allentown, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar June 20, 1889. He has established a successful practice in the city of Allentown, where he now resides. He has been secre- tary of the Alumni Association of alma mater for a number of years. Camp, Charles Franklin, son of George P. and Eosanna Camp, was born at Turbotville, Northumberland County, Pa., October 15, 1854. He received his preparatory training in Missionary Institute, Selinsgrove, Pa.; entered Sophomore Class at Muhlenberg in the fall of 1873, received the Junior oratorical prize, 1875, and graduated with second honor in 1876, He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. BIOGRAPHICAL. 287 After hi8 graduation he studied law with G. W. Ziegler, Esq., Sunbury, and in 1878 was admitted to practice in Northum- berland County. After a few years' practice he removed to Stroudsburg, Pa., and engaged in business. He was internal revenue collector for two years at Williamsport, and is now secretarj^ of the Watanga and Binghamton Eailroad Company, and president of the Watauga Valley Eailroad Company and Watauga Boom and Lumber Company. In Octobei", 1879, Mr. Camp was married to Hattie V. Keller, of Allentown. He resides at present at South Watauga, Tenn. Clauss, Charles Daniel, son of Phaon and Lucetta (Bauer) Clauss, was born at Weissport, Carbon County, Pa., April 9) 1862. He received his preparatory training at Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown ; entered College in September, 1884, and graduated June 28, 1888. He was a member of the Eu- terpean Literary Society ; received honorable mention for Ger- man essay and for standing in his class at the time of gradua- tion. In the fall of 1888 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in May, 1891. On the 26th of May he was ordained to the office of the ministry by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, assembled at Pottstown, Pa., and is now pastor at Stroudsburg, Pa. During the scholastic year 1887-88 he was one of the business managers of The Muhlenberg. Clymek, Henry Treichler, son of Henry S. and Lavitia (Treichler) Clymer, was born in Milford Township, Bucks County, Pa., April 6, 1853. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township and in the Quaker- town Select School, in 1870-71 ; taught several terms of public school. In September, 1872, he entered College, and graduated in June, 1876, with second honor divided between him and Charles F. Camp. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1876 he entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1879 ; and on June 11 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, at Lebanon, Pa., by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Already, on the 22d of June, he took charge of the Trevorton parish, consisting of three ogg MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. congregations, which he served faithfully until September 4, 1882, when, on account of his shattered health, he retired, and spent a year in retirement for the purpose of regaining his health. Prom October 22, 1883, to October 25, 1885, he was pastor of the Lutheran Mission congregation at Sand Cut, Wayne County, Pa. On November 1, 1885, he became pastor of the Seven Valley Charge in York County, in the territory of the "West Pennsylvania Synod (G-eneral Synod), where he labored until November 30, 1890. On this date he removed to Frackville, Pa., in order to take charge of Zion's Lutheran con- gregation, belonging to the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, the Synod by which he had been ordained. On November 11, 1886, he was married to Kate Idella Springer, of Phcenixville, Pa. Coleman, David Levin, son of William Henry and Susan- nah (Stauffer) Coleman, was born in Palmer Township, North- ampton County, near Easton, Pa., October 6, 1846. He received his preparatory training in the Easton High School, Bethlehem Academy, and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; en- tered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1872. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In the fall of 1872 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1875, and shortly afterwards was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was principal of the Centre Square Academy and pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Centre Square, 1875-87 ; pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Doylestown, Pa., 1887, until November, 1890, when he was compelled to resign his office on account of failing health, and removed to Easton, Pa., in 1891. He held the office of president of the Board of Education of Doylestown borough, 1889-91. He married Emma Eliza Brodf, of Easton, Pa., De- cember 8, 1875. Conrad, Charles Nicholas, son of Nicholas and Mary Con- rad, was born at Eoehester, N. Y., April 30, 1857. He received his preparatory training in Wilson's College, Rochester, N. Y., and Newark Academy, Newark, N. Y. ; entered College in 1875 and graduated in 1879, receiving honorable mention on account of his scholarship in German. He was a member of BIOGRAPHICAL. 289 the Sophronian Literary Society. In the fall of 1879 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and gradu- ated in 1882, and shortly afterwards was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Ministerium of New York. Immediately after his ordination he took charge of Concordia congregation, a large and flourishing con- gregation in Eochestcr, N". Y., which he continues to serve with great faithfulness and eminent success. During the first seven years of his ministry he organized four congregations in the State of New York, all bearing the name " Concordia," at Brockport, Byron, Kendall, and Bast Eoehester ; and his own congregation has increased from one hundred and three families to seven hundred and twenty-five, supporting the largest Ger- man parochial school in the General Council. In 1884 he was a delegate of the New York Ministerium to the General Coun- cil, convening at Monroe, Mich., and again, in 1888, at Minneap- olis, Minn., as well as to subsequent conventions. He published "Gespraeche mitGott;'' a prayer-book, Eochestei-, N. Y., second edition 1887; " Gutes und Wahres," Eoehester, N. Y., 1891; and since 1891 has been editor of Ber Hausfreund, an illustrated family paper, published monthly at Eoehester, N. Y. Cooper, Henry Peter, son of Charles William and Eebecca (Brdman) Cooper, was born at Coopersburg, Lehigh County, Pa., September 28, 1853. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown ; entered College in 1869 and graduated in 1873. He has followed business pursuits. He held the oflSce of biirgess of Parryville for four years, and that of school director for a number of years. He married Emma E. Miller, November 16, 1876. He resides at Pottsville, Pa. CooPEE, William Henry, son of Eev. Charles J. and Emma S. Cooper, was born at South Bethlehem, Pa., July 6, 1871. He prepared for college in South Bethlehem High School, 1884-85, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1885-87; entered College September 5, 1887, and graduated June 18, 1891. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, College Missionary Society, and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He held the position of organist in chapel for two 290 M.UULENBERQ COLLEGE. years. He was editor of " Personals" for The Muhlenberg, Feb- ruary 1, 1890, to July 1, 1891. He is now engaged in the study of medicine in Pliiladelphia, and expects to graduate in 1894. Dbttra, John Murphy, son of Augustus W. and Susan M. Dettra, was born at Jefferson ville, Montgomery County, Pa., iN'ovember 21, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, and spent one year, 1879-80, in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College; entered College in 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. In 1886, after a thorough course of study, he was admitted to the practice of law in Montgomery County, and is now secretary of the Board of Law Examiners in the same county. He was married to C. Mabel Huntzinger, of Schuylkill Haven, Pa., September 5, 1889, and now resides in Norristown, Pa., where he is engaged in the practice of his profession. Dry, Preston E., son of Benjamin E. and Susanna (Eeed) Dry, was born at Drj'ville, Berks County, Pa., May 25, 1862. He received his preparatory training in the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., leaving in 1882 ; entered College in 1883 and graduated in 1887. He was a member of the Eu- terpean Literary Society. He held the position of associate editor of The Muhlenberg in 1884-86, and of editor-in-chief in 1887. After graduation he entered the profession of teaching, being an instructor in Tressler's Orphan School, Loysville, Pa., 1887-88 ; principal of the High School at Alburtis, Pa., 1888- 89 ; and principal of Stone Valley Academy, a collegiate pre- paratory, normal, and scientific school, at McAlevy's Fort, Huntingdon County, Pa., since 1889. DuBBS, Jacob John G., son of Jesse and Maria (Graver) Dubbs, was born at Trumbauersville, Bucks County, Pa., June 21, 1861. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1878-79 ; entered College in the latter year and graduated in 1883. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in Yale Divinity School, JSfew Haven, Conn., graduating in 1886 with the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, September 28, BIOGRAPHICAL. 291 1886. Immediately afterwards he took pastoral charge of the Springfield charge, with his residence at Pleasant Hill, Pa., which he served until January 1, 1892, since which time he is pastor of the Friedensville charge, with his residence at Coop- ersburg. Pa. He was married to Sallie K. Ziegler, May 31, 1887. Erb, Albert Bleim, son of Israel and Eachel Erb, was born at Pottstown, Montgomery County, Pa., May 12, 1854. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place and spent one year in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1879. In September, 1880, be entered College and graduated June 28, 1884. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom So- ciety, and Chi Phi Fraternity. After his graduation he entered the profession of teaching, having been successively principal of the Central High School, Middletown, Texas, and principal of the Yorktown Normal School, Yorktown, Texas, since Sep- tember 1, 1888. He has been eminently successful in his call- ing. He was married to Minnie Jones, of Texas, August 21, 1887. * Erb, Isaac JSTewton Steltz, eon of David and Julia (Steltz) Erb, was born in Douglass Township, Montgomery County, Pa., near Gilbertsville, February 27, 1844. He received his prepara- tory training in the public schools near his native place and in Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, Pa., where he spent two years, from 1865 to 1867. During his preparatory course he taught school at various places during several win- ters. He entered College in 1867, at the beginning of the first Session of the institution, and graduated in 1870 with second honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and one of its organizers. In the fall of 1870 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1873. Shortly afterwards he was ordained to the ofiice of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, and took charge of a number of Lutheran congrega- tions in and about Orwigsburg, Schuylkill County, Pa., which he served with fidelity and with eminent success until his death, which occurred on June 3, 1888, at the age forty-four years, three months, and six days. During his busy life as pastor of 292 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. a large and widely-extended parish he found time to contribute many articles of interest and value for The Lutheran and other church periodicals. He held various ofSces of honor and trust in the church, such as secretary of the Third District Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1880-88 ; trustee of his alma mater, 1885-88, when he was re-elected only ten days prior to his death ; delegate to the General Council, 1886 ; and Alumni orator, 1875. He was married to Ella M. Frailey, of Orwigs- burg, Pa., November 9, 1874. Brb, Jesse' Steltz, son of David and Julia (Steltz) Erb, was born in Douglass Township, Montgomery County, Pa., near Gilbertsville, September 16, 1847. He prepared for college at Mount Pleasant Seminary, Boyertown, Pa., 1868-69, having previously taught public school during several winters. He entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied, theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, entei'ing in 1873 and graduating in 1876 ,•' immediately after- wards he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. After his ordination he took charge of the Slatington Parish, where he has since labored with eminent success, having organized several congregations in the vicinity of Slatington and serving them until they could be united with another parish. He now serves two congregations, but only until another new parish can be organized. In 1890 he organized a flourishing mission at Ashley, near Wilkesbarre. He was elected secretary of the Second District Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1890, which office he still holds. He was married to Anzio- nette Leh, of Catasauqua, Pa., in 1876. * Brdman, Albert John, son of Edmund and Mary (Guth) Erdman, was born at Euchsville, Lehigh County, Pa., 1855. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place ; entered the Academic Department of College in 1868 ; and the Freshman Class of College in 1870. He gradu- ated in 1874. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary So- ciety. Soon after his graduation he began the study of law with C. J. Erdman, Esq., Allentown. During the winter, how- BIOGRAPHICAL. 293 ever, he taught school for one or two terms at Whitehall. He was admitted to the Bar January 28, 1878, and opened an office in Allentown, and soon gained a lucrative practice. He was married to Bella Bleich. After an illness of only a week, he died April 12, 1890, at the age of thirty-five years. Erdman, Asa Edward, son of Ellas and Sarah (Eisenhart) Erdman, was born in Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pa., June 27, 1853. Hepreparedfor college in Bethlehem Acad- emy and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1874. He was a mem- ber of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1877, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, May 30, 1877. In the same year he became pastor of the Lutheran con- gregation at Nazareth, Pa., which he still serves. He is married to Clara V. Wint. He is part owner and associate editor of The Pen Argyl Index, published weekly at Pen Argyl, Pa. * Erdman, Prank Charles, son of Enos and Anna (Keek) Erdman, was born at Centre Valley, Lehigh County, Pa., Decem- ber 10, 1853. He prepared for college at Kingston, Pa., 1868-69 ; entered College in the fall of the latter year and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. After his graduation he studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, graduating March 10, 1876, with the degree of M. D., and built up a lucra- tive practice in his native place. He was married to Fannie Withuau, December 10, 1878. He died September 8, 1885, aged thirty-one j'ears, eight months, and twenty-eight days. Ettinqbr, George Taylor, son of Amos and Susan Ettinger, was born in Allentown, Pa., November 8, 1860. He received his preparatory training in the private school of Miss S. U. Magruder, Allentown, 1869-73, and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1873-76 ; entered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated June 24, 1880, with first honor and vale- dictory. In 1889 he received the Junior oratorical prize of twenty-five dollars for the best oration as to manner and mat- ter. His subject was " The Folly of Warfare." During his 294 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE college course he was a member of the Euterpean Literary So- ciety and of Phi G-amma Delta Fraternity. He has been Alumni editor of The Muhlenberg since 1886. Since his graduation he has been connected with the Academic Department of his alma mater as assistant under Eevs. A. R. Home, D. D., 1877-82, and John Kohler, D. D., 1882-84 ; and since the latter year as prin- cipal of that department, teaching Latin, Greek, and German, and having Professor B. S. Dieter as his assistant. Under his able management this department of the College is making ex- cellent progress, and furnishes to the collegiate department well-prepared Freshmen classes. Besides his regular duties of teaching he has continued to study, being enrolled, in 1888, as post-graduate student in pedagogy in the School of Pedagogy of the University of the City of New York, under Dr. Jerome Allen and Dr. Edgar D. Shimer ('74), and in 1890 he did post- graduate work in German, under Dr. A. S. Isaacs, in the same institution. In July, 1888, he was elected Fellow of the So- ciety of Science, Letters, and Art of London. He is also a member of School-Teachers' Association of Philadelphia. In June, 1890, he received the degree of Ph. D. from the University of the City of New York. In 1885 he was elected school di- rector, Third Ward, Allentown, a position which he stills holds ; 1886 he was elected a member of the Board of Controllers of City Schools ; and in 1889 president of the Board of Control of City Schools. One of the Allentown papers says in this connection, "In electing Professor Ettinger to the presidency of the Board of Control that body bestowed a deserved compliment upon a gentleman who, though young in years, has devoted nearly all his life to the cause of education. No one is better qualified to fill the position, and there is a double compliment in the honor because of the fact that it was conferi'ed upon the youngest member of the body. That he will demonstrate that the board acted wisely in their choice admits of no doubt." Professor Ettinger ascribes all his success to the excellent training and wise counsel of his widowed mother. He is also an active member of St. John's Lutheran Church, Allentown. He was elected Professor of Pedagogy and Associate Professor of Latin in the Collegiate Department in 1892. Of his election to this BIOGRAPHICAL. 295 position, one of the Allentown papers says, " In electing Pro- fessor George T. Ettinger to the chair of the Latin Language and Literatui-e the trustees of Muhlenberg College wei-e guided by wisdom and the assurance that the elevation of the distinguished young educator to the professorship would redound to the good of the institution. The promotion is a most deserved one. It was won by merit. Since his graduation, in 1880, Professor Ettinger has been connected with the Academic Department of the College and has labored with rare and unceasing devotion for the interest of the College. While a teacher all these years he has also been a student, and he has won a reputation which few of his years can rival. Heart and soul engaged in his work, he has made his way to the front in educational circles, and with his friends the Chronicle takes pleasure in extending congratulations." He published " Pedagogy the Fourth Profes- sion," an address delivered before the Lehigh County Teachers' Institute, and " The Relations and Duties of Colleges to their Preparatory Schools," in School and College, June, 1892. He taught Greek at the Pennsylvania Chatauqua, Mount Gretna, Pa.!^ in 1892. * Btster, David Pkanklin, son of David and Hannah (Bechtel) Eyster, was born in Hampton Township, Cumberland County, Pa., September 26, 1852. He received his preparatory training in Palatinate College, at Myerstown, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1871 and graduated in 1874. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and of Chi Phi Fraternity. After graduating he studied law with Colonel Boas, of Harrisburg, and was admitted to the Bar in 1877. He was married to Emma Seipel, September 26, 1887. He died March 16, 1890. Feglet, "William Oliver, son of Benjamin and Mary Anna (Dankel) Pegley, was born at Breinigsville, Pa., January 8, 1867. He prepared for college in Keystone Slate Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1886-87 ; entered College in September, 1887, and graduated in 1890, with third honor, and delivered the Gorman oration at Commencement. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He is the author of a number of poems, several of which appeared in The Muhlenberg ; one was read at the 296 MVHLENBEB& COLLEGE. public meeting of the Sophronian Society in Music Hall, Feb- ruary 15, 1889, and some are published in "Local and National Poets of America." He is at present a student in the Lu- theran Theological Seminary at Mount Airy, Philadelphia, will graduate in 1893, and expects to enter the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Fetter, Clinton E., son of Jeremiah and Elizabeth Fetter, was born near Telford, Montgomery County, Pa., February 22, 1868. He prepared for college under the instruction of Eev. James L. Becker, of Lansdale, Pa., and in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg; entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated in 1888. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, graduated on May 19, 1891, and five days later was'ordained, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Immediately after his ordination he took pastoral charge of the Pine Yalley Parish, consisting of five congrega- tions in Dauphin and Schuylkill Counties, with his residence at Hegins, in the latter county. He married Laura J. Smoyer, of Allentown, Pa., June 23, 1891. PiNCK, William John, son of George and Louisa Finck, was born in Trenton, N. J., July 1, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the Boys' High School, Wilmington, Del., graduating in 1879; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and one of the organizers of the College Mis- sionary Society in 1883, and its chaplain for some time. In 1884 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminarj', Phila- delphia, and graduated June 7, 1887 ; and in the same month lie was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Shortly after his ordination he became pastor of Memorial Lutheran Church, Allegheny, Pa., which was then a mission. In three years his congregation became self-sustain- ing, and is now one of the prosperous congregations in the Pittsburg Synod (General Council). He has been treasurer of the Sunday-School Convention of the Middle Conference and of the Mission League of the Pittsburg Synod. He was married BIOGRAPHICAL. 297 to Anna L. Kretschman, May 8, 1888, Germantown, Pa. He is an occasional contributor to Lutheran church-papers. *FousT, George Diehl, son of Professor John S. P. and Elizabeth R. Foust, was born at Easton, Pa., August 25, 1846. Early in his life his parents moved to Allentown, where he received his preparatory training in the public schools and Allentown Military Academy and Collegiate Institute until 1867, when he entered College, and graduated in 1869 with second honor. This was the second class graduated by the newly-established College. He was a member of the Sophro- nian Literary Society. In the fall of 1869 he entered the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1871, shortly after which he was ordained to the office of the Lu- theran ministry by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. A short time after his ordination he took charge of a small congrega- tion in Philadelphia, where he labored with success for three years, when he was compelled on account of ill health to leave the city ; going to Smithfield, Monroe County, he took charge of St. Paul's and Zion's congregations. After a successful pas- torate of six years he accepted a call, in 1880, as pastor of St. Peter's Lutheran congregation, ]^orth Wales, Pa., where he labored until his death, which occurred July 31, 1890. He was buried at North Wales, August 4. He was married to Mary Comly at Gwynedd, Pa., December 6, 1881. He was secretaiy of the North Wales School Board, 1887-90. The North Wales Record says of him : " The deceased was an exceedingly useful- man in this community, — a man of unswerving uprightness and of such eminent force of character as to be able to mingle with the world around him without being tainted with it. He left a good impression wherever he went, and his loss to society, and especially to this community, will be severely felt. He was a good man in the true sense of the word, and saint and sinner commended him for his consistency." . PousT, John James, son of Professor John S. P. and Eliza- beth H. Foust, was born at Allentown, Pa., March 11, 1863. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College, 1869-79 ; entered College in the fall of the latter 20 298 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. year and graduated in 1883 with third honor. He was a mem- ber of the Buterpean Literary Society, and first business man- ager of The Muhlenberg. In the fall of 1883 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in June, 1886. Shortly afterwards he was ordained to the ofSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of the Lutheran con- gregation at Trenton, Ohio, August, 1886, to February, 1888, where he built and dedicated a Lutheran church ; pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Stroudsburg, Pa., April, 1888-90, when he severed his connection with the Lutheran Church and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He married Leila Watson Atwood, Philadelphia, January 9, 1889. * Fox, Forest Melvin, son of Eev. William B. and Elizabeth Fox, was born at Berwick, Columbia County, Pa., December 15, 1864. He received his preparatory training in Washington Hall, Trappe, Pa., 1881, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1882 ; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1886. He died June 6, 1887, after having spent nearly a year in the Seminary. Fox, Herman Christian, son of Herman and Catharine Fox, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1860. Ho pre- pared for college in Dickinson Seminary, Williamsburg, Pa., 1880-81 ; entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He received the prize in the Junior oratorical contest, 1883. He took a post-graduate course in Princeton College in 1884- 85 ; studied theology in Princeton Theological Seminary and graduated in 1887. In May of the same year he was ordained to the oflce of the ministry in the Presbyterian Church, and since his ordination has been pastor of Immanuel Presbyterian Church, Clinton Street, Philadelphia. He is a contributor to Woman's Some Journal, Philadelphia, and other periodicals. Friok, William Keller, son of William and Maria Barbara (Keller) Frick, was born at Lancaster, Pa., February 1, 1850. He received his preparatory training in the Lancaster City BIO OUA PHICA L. 299 High School, graduating in 1865, and in Franklin and Marshall College, 1866-67. He entered Muhlenberg in September, 1867, one of the first students in the newly-established College, and graduated in 1870, being the valedictorian of his class. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, which he helped to organize and of which he was the first president. He en- tered the Lutheran Theological Serninary, Philadelphia, and graduated June 4, 1873. On the 11th of June, in the same year, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, at Pottstown, Pa. After serving for six months as a student, St. Paul's Eng- lish Lutheran congregation, Philadelphia, he became its pastor August 31, 1873, and labored faithfully and successfully until September 17, 1883, when he left Philadelphia to assume the duties of the Professorship of the English Language and Lit- erature in Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn. He occupied this position until the spring of 1889. During the months from May to July he was commissioned as travelling missionary of the General Council in the States of Oregon and "Washington, visiting Portland, Seattle, Tacoma, and other places. In the latter part of the same year he accepted a call to organize an English mission in Milwaukee, Wis., and arrived in that city September 17, 1889. He organized the Church of the Eedeemer, January 5, 1890, with twenty-one members, — the first English Lutheran Church in that growing city. His labors have been blessed, and in 1891 he had the gratification of building and dedicating a chapel. He is also acting chaplain at the Milwaukee Hospital, founded and managed by Dr. Passa- vant, where he conducts services in the afternoon of each Lord's day. He has at various times held positions of honor and trust in the Lutheran Church apart from his regular duties. He was for several years business agent of the Lutheran Church Review, Philadelphia, which he helped to establish. He is a , frequent contributor to the Lutheran Church Review, Lutheran Home, Church Messenger, The Lutheran, and other periodicals. He is a member of the General Council's Committee on Sunday- School Helps, and contributes to the Helper. He translated Luther's Mnety-five Theses, published in " The Great Eefbrma- 300 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. tion," Philadelphia, and has edited several Sunday-school text- books, published by the Pilger Publishing Company, Eeading, Pa. He participated, in 1891, in the organization of the Eng- lish Lutheran Synod of the Northwest, and was its first secre- tary. He married Louise P. Klump, Allentown, Pa., October 7, 1873. Fritoh, Martin Luther, son of John and Maria Pritch, was born in Longswamp Township, Berks County, Pa., July, 17, 1846. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township, Brunner's Academy, Eeading, and Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa. He entered College Sep- tember 3, 1867, and graduated June 23, 1872. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Theological Department of Ursinus College, CoUege- ville, Pa., and graduated May 16, 1874. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the G-erman Reformed Church, July 1, 1874, and immediately afterwards took charge of several congregations near Reading, which he served for sixteen years, when on account of some difficulties he was suspended from his office, and is now engaged in secular business. He married Amanda C. Holman, December 12, 1872. He received the degree of Ph. D. from Ursinus College, June, 1884. Pet, Charles Livingston, son of Rev. Dr. Jacob and Eliza Jane Fry, was born at Carlisle, Pa., October 21, 1858. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the High School of Reading and under the instruction of a private tutor ; he entered the Sophomore Class in College January, 1876, and graduated in 1878. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He received the prize in the Junior oratorical contest in 1877. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, entering in the fall of 1878 and graduating in 1881. A few days after his graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, at Pottstown, Pa. Prom 1881-85 he was Dr. E. Greenwald's assistant in Trinity Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa., and since 1886 he has been pastor of that congre- gation. He made a European tour in 1891. He married Laura P. Housekeeper, Philadelphia, June 9, 1891. He has published BIOGRAPHICAL. 301 "Outline of Bible Study," Lancaster, 1884; the Tablet, a paro- chial monthly, 1886-88 ; and Christian Culture, a local monthly magazine, begun February, 1890. In 1892 ho became a member of the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania Chautauqua. Pry, Franklin Foster, son of the Eev. Dr. Jacob and Eliza Jane Fry, was born at Carlisle, Pa., November 1, 1864. He prepared for college in the Eeading High School, together with private instructions under the Eev. Dr. Billheimer, of Eeading. He entered College September 1, 1881, and graduated in 1885. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He re- ceived the prize in the Junior oratorical contest in 1884, and first honor at graduation in 1885. He entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1885 and gradu- ated in 1888. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. He was the assistant of Dr. Seiss, pastor of the Church of the Holy Communion, Philadelphia, 1888-90 ; acting pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Eeading, during his father's absence in the Bast ; acting pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Easton, during the Eev. D. H. Geis- singer's European tour, in 1890 ; and pastor of Grace Lutheran Church, Bethlehem, since January 1, 1891. He was editor of The Muhlenberg in 1884. Gabber, John Henry, son of Samuel and Susanna Garber, was born at Trappe, Montgomery County, Pa., January 13, 1845. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and in "Washington Hall, Trappe. He entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1871, with second honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Lit- erary Society. He received during his course the mathematical prize of twenty-five dollars. He spent some time in Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, in pursuing scientific studies, leaving in 1874. In the same year he entered upon the work of civil engineer, which he has been following ever since. In the year 1876 he removed to California, and from that year until 1880 he was deputy county clerk of Montgomery County, Cal., and since 1882 he has been county surveyor of the same county, having been his own successor for a number of times. 302 MUHLENBERG GOLLE&E. Gebert, George, son of Michael and Elizabeth (Krebs) Gebert, was bom at Ornberg, Wurtemberg, Germany, Septem- ber 23, 1857, and came to America in the spring of 1867. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg; entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated in 1888, with first honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He received the prize of fifteen dollars for the best German oration in the Junior oratorical contest in 1887, and the prize of fifteen dollars for the best German essay in 1888. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1888, and graduated in 1891. A few days after his graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, at Pottstown, Pa. He is at present pastor of the Lutheran Church at Tamaqua, his pastorate beginning im- mediately after his ordination. He was editor of The Muhlen- berg in 1888. Geeberding, George Henry, son of Henry and Josephine Gerberding, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., August 21, 1847. He received his preparatory training in his native place, in Bogle's Academy and Gourley's Seminary; entered the Junior Class of Muhlenberg in 1871 and graduated with the class in 1873. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In the fall of 1873 he entered the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1876. In June of the same year he was or- dained to the office of the Lutheran ministry by the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council. He became pastor of the Chartier parish in the same year, and served it until 1880, when he succeeded in dividing his large parish, keeping a part of it, and residing at West View, Pa. He labored here until 1882, when he took charge of the parish at Jewett, Ohio, from 1882 to 1887. Since the latter year he has had charge of Eng- lish missions in the Northwest, residing at Pargo, N. Dakota, and laboring with great energy and success in the interest of English Lutherans scattered all over the "West and Northwest. He helped to organize the English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of the Northwest in 1891, and was its first president. He has established several flourishing mission congregations in BIOGRAPHICAL. 303 North Dakota. Besides his arduous labors as a missionary, he has also found time for literary labors. He is a frequent con- tributor to the periodicals of the Lutheran Church : Lutheran Quarterly, Gettysburg, Pa. ; Workman, Pittsburg, Pa. ; Evan- gelist, Springfield, Ohio. He has published " The Way of Sal- vation in the Lutheran Church," Philadelphia, 1887, of which ten thousand copies have been sold, and the book has been published in German, Norwegian, and Swedish ; " New Testa- ment Conversions," Philadelphia, 1889. Eev. Gerberding was married to Annie B. Douser, October 31, 1876. Gerberich, David G., son of George S. and Sarah Gerberich, was born in Union Township, Lebanon County, Pa., March 1, 1863. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated in 1888. He was a member of the Buterpean Lit- erary Society. In the fall of 1888 he entered the Lutheran The- ological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1891. He was ordained to the ofQce of the ministry in the Lu- theran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, at Potts- town, a few days after his graduation from the Seminary, and is now pastor at Weatherly, Pa. He married Bliza Jane Knappen- berger, September 20, 1887, during his Junior year at College, and claims to have the honor of being the only married man of his class prior to graduation. German, Jonas Peter, son of Daniel and Eebecca (Werly) German, was born at Germansville, Lehigh County, Pa., Sep- tember 25, 1849. He received his preparatory training at his native place under the tutorship of Professor Eeedy, 1869 ; Key- stone State Normal School, Kutztown, 1870; and in the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg in 1871. He entered College in the fall of 1871 and graduated in 1875. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In the fall of 1875 he entei'ed the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and gradu- ated in 1878. On June 17, 1878, he was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of Lutheran congregations at and near Eingtown, Pa., 1878-80, pastor at Berwick, Pa., 1880-92. He married Ida L. Miller, of Pottsville, Pa. 304 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. German, Tilqhman Franklin, son of Henry and Juliana (Werlj) Grerman, was born at Weisenberg, Lehigh County, Pa., May 23, 1867. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of AUentown, graduating in 1883. In the fall of the same year he entered College, and graduated in 1887 with third honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He read law one year, but, changing his mind, he began the study of theology in the Lutheran Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of ]888, and graduated in May, 1891. He was ordained in May of the same year to the ofl3ce of the ministry in the Lu- theran Church, at Pottstown, and now resides in Philadelphia. * Gernet, Preston M., was born in Northampton County, Pa. He received his preparatory training in the public school of his native place, and spent one year in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg, 1873-74 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1874 and graduated in 1878. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After his graduation he studied law and was admitted to the Bar of Northampton County in 1881. On Tuesday morning, February 2, 1892, he committed suicide by shooting himself, while on trial at Easton for embezzlement. He was about thirty -six years of age. GiMLicH, David John, son of Jacob and Louisa Gimlich, was born at Pittsfield, Mass., March 1, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1884-86 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1886 and graduated June 23, 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity ; also of the Base-Ball Club and Athletic Association. He was editor-in-chief, elected by his Society, of The Muhlenberg, from January until June, 1890. Since May 1, 1891, he has been en- gaged in business in his native place. Glick, Austin Aaron, son of Aaron and Mary A. Glick, was born at Howertown, Northampton County, Pa., November 10, 1860. He prepared for college under private tutors at Cata- sauqua, Pa., 1877-78 ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Buterpean Liter- BIOGRAPHICAL. 305 ary Society. He entered the profession of law, and resides at Catasauqua, Pa. Graepp, John C, son of Rev. C. A. Graepp, was born in Germany. He received his preparatory training in Canada and Berlin ; entered the Junior Class of College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1883. He studied theology in the Lu- theran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1886, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in June of the same year. He was pastor at Eockport, N. Y., 1886-88 ; at Scranton, Pa., 1888-91, since which time he has been pastor in Philadelphia. Grahn, Ernest Muhlenberg, son of Eev. Hugo and Mary Catharine (Kurtz) Grahn, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Janu- ary 24, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Philadelphia and Eittenhouse Academy, Philadelphia, for three years ; entered College in the fall of 1885 and graduated in 1889. He was a member of the Sophro- nian Literary Society, Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, Missionary Society, Franklin Eeading-room Association, and Athletic As- sociation. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1889 and graduated in 1892. Shortly afterwards he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, and is now pastor of St. Luke's English Lutheran Church, Easton, Pa. The subject of this sketch is a lineal de- scendant of John Nicholas Kurtz, the first Lutheran minister ordained in America, who was ordained in 1748. Grim, Oscar S., son of Samuel and Anna Grim, was born at Upper Macungie, Pa., March 21, 1852. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1867-69 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Euterpean Lit- erary Society. After graduation he pursued a course of study in the Commercial College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and in 1873 entered the hardware business in AUentown, Pa., but in 1883, having become dissatisfied with the business, he abandoned it and went to farming. He resides in AUentown, Pa. 306 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Grim, William Ehoads, son of William K. and Loretta (Ehoads) Grim, was born at Boyertown, Berks County, Pa., April 24, 1860. He prepared for college in the schools of his nativeplace, chiefly Mount Pleasant Seminary; entered College in the fall of 1878, and graduated in 1882, with first honor and valedictory. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the profession of law in June, 1887. Shortly afterwards he became cashier of the Farmers' National Bank at Boyertown, later of a bank in Kansas, and at present he holds the same position in a bank in Texarkana, Texas. His business and professional duties have brought him in contact with leading men and measures in nearly all the States of the United States, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Rocky Moun- tains and from Manitoba to Mexico, affording a varied experi- ence such as seldom falls to the lot of men. He married Sarah C. Hornberger, April 24, 1888. Grtjbeh, Michael Alvin, son 6f Eichard M. and Mary Ann (Schaeffer) Gruber, was born in North Heidelberg Township, Berks County, Pa., April 24, 1855. He prepared for college in the Womelsdorf Academy, 1870-75 ; entered College in the fall of 1875 (entering the Junior Class) and graduated in 1877 with first honor and valedictory. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. After his graduation he entered the profession of teaching, which he has since followed. He was superintendent and principal of the graded schools of Marion, S. C, 1887-88, and since then principal of the Bern- ville High School. In 1891 he was appointed to a clerkship in the War Department, Washington, D. C. Harting, Martin Setfert, son of Jeremiah and Susan Hart- ing, was born at Adamstown, Lancaster County, Pa., February 14, 1868. He prepared for college at the Kutztown Normal School ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated in 1891 with second honor, and delivering the philosophical oration at commencement. He also received honorable mention at the close of the Sophomore year for a German essay, in connection with the contest for a prize in German. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, and during the first half of the Senior year editor-in-chief of The Muhlenberg, elected by his BIOGRAPHICAL. 307 Society. In the fall of 1891 he entered the profession of teach- ing, being elected principal of the Oley Academy, Oley, Pa. Hasslee, Aaron Bilteu, son of the Eev. John W. and Abbie B. Hassler, was born at Centre Square, Montgomery County, Pa., April 13, 1860. He received his preparatory training under the able instruction of his father and in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, spending the year 1877-78 in this department ; he entered College in fail of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. After graduation he took a partial course in Columbia Law School, l^ew York City, and later finished his course under the preceptorship of George J^awman, Esq., Lancaster, Pa. He was admitted to the Bar at Lancaster, June 6, 1885. Since April 1, 1890, he has been the solicitor for the Board of Inspectors of the Lancaster County Prison. Since his admission to the Bar he has been engaged in numerous im- portant cases in the courts of Lancaster County, among which were four murder trials, and has met with great success. Dur- ing one year of his residence in ITew York City he was princi- pal of St. Peter's Academy. Hassler, J. "Wtllis, son of Dr. "W. A. Hassler, was born in AUentown, Pa., May 21, 1870. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of AUentown and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1885 and graduated in 1889. He received the Junior ora- torical prize in 1888. He was a member of the Sophronian Lit- erary Society. After his graduation he took up the study of medicine, took a course in the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1889 with the degree of M. D. He resides in Philadelphia. Heil, John Benjamin, son of John and Catharine (Hun- sicker) Heil, was born at Germansville, Lehigh County, Pa., January 26, 1866. Ho prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1884-85 ; entered College in the fall of 1885 and graduated in 1889. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society; received "Buechner's Hand- Concordanz" as a prize for the best German essay in Freshman Class ; honorable mention in competing for Botanical Prize 308 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and German essay in Sophomore Class, and honorable mention for scholarship during his senior year. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, at Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1892, and immediately afterwards was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. In early life he was engaged in slate picking in the coal breakers, in farming and carpet manufacturing. From 1882-84 he was engaged in teaching public school in Lehigh and Carbon Counties. He is now pastor of the Lutheran Church at Hughestown, Pa. * Heissler, Andrew Jacob, son of Jacob and Margaret (Koenig) Heissler, was born at Trenton, N. J., September 22, 1859. He prepared for college in Monroe Academy, Beau- mont, Pa., 1875-77, and Orangeville Academy, Orangeville, Pa., 1877-78, earning his way by teaching in the institutions which he attended, and by working at his trade as a printer. He en- tered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1882 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadel- phia, and graduated in 1885. On June 2 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of St. Paul's German Lutheran Church, Utica, 'N. Y., 1885 to December, 1888 ; of the Lutheran congregation at Millville, N. J., December, 1888, to December 1, 1891 ; pastor of Trinity Lu- theran Church, Albany, N. T., 1891-92. He died at the resi- dence of his father-in-law, at Canajoharie, N. T., March 20, 1892, aged thirty-two years, five months, and twenty-nine days. He married Lena Bierbauer, of Canajoharie, N. T., May 19, 1887. Heissler, John, son of Jacob and Margaret Heissler, was born at Trenton, !N^. J., February 15, 1863. He prepared for college in the Academy at Orangeville, Pa., 1878-81 ; entered College in the fall of 1881 — Sophomore — and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1884 he entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry of the BIOGRAPHICAL. 309 Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Since his ordination he has been pastor of the Lutheran Church, Trenton, N. J. Hemsath, Charles Henry, son of Henry and Elizabeth (Washburn) Hemsath, was born near White Haven, Luzerne County, Pa., March 31, 1852. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Bckley and what is now known as Zehner, and in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College, September to December, 1867, and September to June, 1870-71 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1871, and graduated in 1875 with third honor. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied the- ology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1878, and June 19 of the same year was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. During his Senior year at the seminary he received and accepted a call as pastor of Grace Lutheran Church, Rochester, Pa., and entered upon the duties of the pastorate on July 1, 1878, where he remained until De- cember 1, 1883. Since then he has been pastor of Lutheran congregations at and near Adamsburg, Westmoreland County, Pa., December 1, 1883, to July 1, 1886 ; Grace Church, Bethle- hem, Pa., August 1, 1886, to January 1, 1891, since which time he has been pastor of congregations at and near itoseville, Ohio. He married Ada Elizabeth Lineback, of Salem, N. C, February 1, 1883. Henningeb, Milton Christian, son of Peter and Salome Ann Henninger, was born near Emaus, Lehigh County, Pa., April 21, 1851. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, private school at Emaus, and Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown; entered College, Junior Class, in the fall of 1872, and graduated in 1874 with third honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After graduation he took up the study of law and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, at Allentown, September 5, 1876. From the beginning he met with great success in the practice of his pro- fession. He was elected district attorney of Lehigh County, 310 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1878-81 ; State senator of the Sixteenth District of Pennsyl- vania, 1882, re-elected in 1886, and again re-elected in 1890. He has always taken an active part in the work of legislation. He was a trustee of alma mater, 1889-92. He married Mary J. R. Hausman. Herbst, Hbnbt Herbert, son of Dr. William and Ellen Herbst, was born at Trexlertown, Lehigh County, Pa., May 22, 1858. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and at East Hampton, Mass., 1872 ; he entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1878. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He pursued a course in medicine in the University of Pennsyl- vania, graduating in 1881 with the degree of M. D. He received honorable mention for a thesis, at graduation, in 1881, on the subject, "Alimentation." After his graduation from the University he located in Allentown, where he has es- tablished a lucrative practice. He was physician to the coro- ner of Lehigh County, 1888-90 ; he is at present city physi- cian for the Board of Poor of Allentown ; member of the Board of Examining Surgeons for Pensions for the United States government; member of the Board of Health of Allen- town ; and member of the School Board of Control of Allen- town. He was one of the founders of the H. C. Wood Medical Society at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1880, and its first president; president of the Alumni Associ- ation of Muhlenberg College, 1888-91 ; lecturer on Hygiene and Physical Culture at his alma mater since 1889, and ap- pointed Professor of Physical Culture in 1892. He married Annie A. Frill in 1881. He has published " Etiology of Diph- theria," Allentown, Pa., 1890. HiMMELWRiGHT, HowARD, was bom at Milford Square, Bucks County, Pa., July 12, 1849. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Since his graduation he has been engaged in business, and is now proprietor and manager of a celebrated summer resort in Cambria County, Pa., known as Wildwood Springs. He married Sallie C. Bush, June 19, 1879. BIOGRAPHICAL. 311 HiEZEL, Charles John, son of William and Sophia Hirzel, was born April 16, 1854. He prepared for college in Tliiel Seminary, Philipsburg, Pa., 1867-69 ; entered College in 1869 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1876. A few days after his graduation he was ordained to the ofiice of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, and July 9, 1876, took charge of Christ Lutheran Church, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, where he laboi-ed with success until 1890, when he accepted a call as pastor of St. Paul's English Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, a position which he still holds. He was treasurer of the Alumni Association of the Theological Seminary, 1886-88 ; agent of the Church Meview, 1888 ; and president of the Alumni Association, 1888-92 : secretary of the Philadelphia Pastoral Association, 1886-88 ; vice-president since 1888; school director of the Twenty- second District of Philadelphia,, 1884-89 ; secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Orphans' Home and Asylum for Aged, Germantown, Philadelphia, since 1890. He married Ida Y. Miller, November 21, 1878. Hoffman, David S., son of H. T. and Priscilla Hoffman, was born at Lebanon, Pa., December 16, 1851. He prepared for college in the Lebanon Academy, 1865-66 ; entered College in 1867, being one of the first students, and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia, and graduated, with the degree of M. D., in 1874. He moved to Colorado, and in 1883 he was a member of the Colo- rado Legislature ; 1883-88 he was register of the United States Land Office in Colorado ; and in 1888 he was elected mayor of Lake City, Col. He married Ida Youmans in 1885. HoLLOWAY, Clayton Ludwig, son of Jacob H. and Mary Ann HoUoway, was born at Athol, Berks County, Pa., Septem- ber 6, 1853. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1876-77 ; entered College in the fall of 1877, and graduated in 1881 with honorable mention for 312 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. scholarship in his class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1884. Shortly afterwards be was ordained to the oflBee of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor at Eichmond, Ohio, 1884-87 ; at Delmont, Pa., 1888-91 ; since then at Mount Pleasant, Pa. These parishes belong to the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council. He married Annie M. Penstermacher, of Allentown, Pa., June 27, 1884. HoLMAN, Oscar Eugene, was born at Allentown, Pa., April 12, 1853. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown ; entered College in the fall of 1870, and graduated in 1874 with first honor divided with Edgar D. Shimer. He was the valedictorian of his class. He received the Junior prize in 1873, and the German prize in his Senior year. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied law at Allentown, and was admitted to the Bar April 12, 1876. He established a successful law practice at Allentown ; was a member of Common Council at Allentown for two terms. Later he moved to St. Paul, Minn., where he now resides, and has hold the position of corporation attorney since March 12, 1889. He was married to Miss Balliet, of Ballietsville, Pa., September, 1878. HoppE, Charles Frederick William, son of the Eev. C. P. W. and Margaret (Bruning) Hoppe, was born at Lancaster, Pa., June 29, 1865. He received his preparatory training in Con- cordia College, Port Wayne, Ind., October, 1877-March, 1881 ; entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1885. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He received the German prize during his Collegiate course. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, and graduated in 1888. On June 9, of the same year, he was ordained to the ofl&ee of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and shortly after his ordination became pastor of the Lutheran congregation in Pittsfield, Mass., where he is laboring with great success. He was married to Miss A. H. Stettler, of Allentown, Pa., Sep- tember 4, 1888. BIOGRAPHICAL. 313 HoRiNE, John Winebrenner, son of the Eev. M. 0. and Emma Frances (Winebrenner) Horine, was born at Smithsburg, Md., JVTay 23, 1869. He prepared for college in the High School of Reading ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1889 with first honor, receiving the " Amos Bttinger Honor Medal." He also received the " Scientific Prize" in 1887. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia ; graduated in 1892, and was ordained in May of the same year to the oflSce of the ministry. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Church of the Incarnation, Philadelphia. HoRNE, David Eufus, son of the Eev. Dr. Abraham E. and Jemima Amelia Home, was born at Quakertown, Bucks County, Pa., January 28, 1863. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Willi amsport. Pa., and the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa. He entered College in the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He read law with C. J. Brdman, Esq., Allentown, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, October 10, 1885. He has been delegate to various Eepublican State Conventions ; Eepublican candidate for assemblyman in 1888, and Eepublican candidate for State Senate in 1890. He is one of the editors of the Lehigh i?epM6Kcan, the only political illustrated weekly published in Pennsylvania, at Allentown, editor of a campaign paper published for thirteen weeks during the gubernatorial campaign of 1890, and chairman of the Ee- publican County Committee of Lehigh County in 1892. HoRNE, Martin Luther, son of the Eev. Dr. Abraham E. and Jemima Amelia (Yerkes) Home, was bom at Quakertown, Pa., July 11, 1860. He prepared for college at the Kutztown Normal School, 1872-77 ; entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated with second honor and valedictory in 1883. During his collegiate course he received two German prizes and a mineralogical prize. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He studied law with Thomas B. Metzger, Esq., Allentown, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County in 1887, and was 21 314 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. engaged in the practice of his profession for some time, when he entered upon the profession of teaching, which he has since followed. He was principal of Newark Academy, Delaware, 1889 ; principal of Springtown Academy, Pennsylvania, and superintendent of Quakertown School, 1890 ; teacher of Second- ary School, Sellersville, Pa., 1877-78; assistant in Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1878-79 ; and assistant editor of Bucks County Teachers' Institute Journal, and assistant of his father in institute work at Corsicana, Texas. He mar- ried Ellen Jane Moulthrop, April 20, 1889. HowER, Henry Harrison, son of Prank M. and Lydia Hower, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., Novem- ber 6, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, 1886-87 ; entered College on September 1, 1887 and graduated in 1891, receiving honorable mention for his scholarship. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He is pur- suing a course in chemistry in connection with a course in pharmacy in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and expects to graduate in 1893. Jeffeeis, Charles William, son of Jacob B. and Adaline Jefferis, was born at West Chester, Pa., September 12, 1864. He prepared for college in the school connected with the Lutheran Orphans' Home, Germantown, Philadelphia, 1881-82 ; entered College September 7, 1882 and graduated June 24, 1886, with honorable mention for standing in his class. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and College Missionary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated June 11, 1889. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 17, 1889. He was pastor of Emmanuel Lutheran Church, Allegheny, Pa., July 5 to October 6, 1889 ; of Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Chester, Pa., October 13, 1889, to October 17, 1891, since which time he has been pastor of St. Peter's Lutheran Church, North Wales, Pa. Johnson, Elmer Ellsworth, son of Dr. Benjamin K. and Kosa Linda Johnson, was born at Applebachsville, Bucks BIOGRAPHICAL. 3I5 County, Pa., December 4, 1863. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of North Wales, Pa., Millersville State Normal School, 1878-80, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1880-81. He entered College in the fall of the latter year and graduated in 1885. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He took a course in medicine in the University of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia, and graduated May 1, 1888, with the degree of M. D. Immediately after his graduation he located in Nor- ristown, Pa., and began the practice of his profession. Already, in July, of the same year, he was elected county physician for Norristown and Bridgeport, and a member of the Board of Health of JSTorristown, both of which positions he resigned in September, 1889, when he removed to Pottstown, where he now resides, engaged in the practice of his profession. He married Emma C. Bickel, of Norristown, September 25, 1888. Katser, Francis, son of Philip and Mary Kayser, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., October 25, 1862. He prepared for col- lege in the Eittenhouse Academy, Philadelphia, 1878-80 ; en- tered College January 6, 1880 and graduated in 1883. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1883, and graduated June 15, 1886. On the 22d of June, of the same year, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. His residence at present is in Philadelphia. Keck, Alfred King, son of Charles L. and Eleanor Keck, was born at White Haven, Luzerne County, Pa., November 24, 1869. He prepared for college in the Harry Hillman Academy, Wilkesbarre, Pa., 1884^86 ; entered College September 2, 1886 and graduated June 26, 1890. He was a member of the Eu- terpean Literary Society, College Missionary Society, Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, and Athletic Association. Since his graduation he has been actively engaged in business. Keck, Charles Edmund, son of Charles L. and Eleanor Keck, was born at White Haven, Luzerne County, Pa., Sep- tember 2, 1861; prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1877-79 ; entered College in the 316 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. fall of 1879 and graduated in 1883. He received the German prize at the end of Sophomore year. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society, Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, and Athletic Association. He was the first editor of the Muhlenberg Monthly, now The Muhlenberg, was one of its founders, and the first one to suggest the project to his classmates, by whom the periodical was founded. After graduation he took up the study of law, and was admitted to the Bar, October 18, 1886. He is at present engaged in the practice of his profession at his native place, and is meeting with success. He married Eva May Hoover, August 29, 1888. Keever, Edwin Francis, son of Elijah F. and Johnetta Keever, was born in Eeading, Pa., May 18, 1864. He received his preparatory training in the EeadingHigh School, 1879-81, and under Charles H. Tyson, Esq., and Professor D. B. Brunner, private tutors in Eeading, 1881-82. He entered College Sep- tember 7, 1882 and graduated June 24, 1886, with second honor divided between him and George A. Prediger. The salutatory was assigned to him. He also received the Junior prize for the best oration in 1885. He was a member of the Sophronian Liter- ary Society and the Muhlenberg Base-Ball Club. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1889. On June 17 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, at Lebanon, Pa. During his College course he was superintendent of the infant depart- ment of the First Ward Sunday-school, under the superintend- ency of Professor Garber ; and during his course in the seminary assisted in the infant department of the Sunday-school of the Church of the Epiphany, Camden, N. J. He is specially gifted for the instruction of the little ones and takes special delight in that work. He was one of the four theological students who offered themselves to the English Home Mission Committee of the General Council for mission work in the Northwest. After his ordination he was commissioned as missionary in Seattle, "Wash., where he has been laboring since August 11, 1889, with marked success, having organized a congregation and gathered quite a number of Lutherans into it. He has also BIOGRAPHICAL. 317 frequently visited Tacoma and preached for the Lutherans in that growing city. Kkiter, William Daniel Caspee, son of Aaron E. and Susan A. Keiter, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 30, 1863. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1880. He en- tered College in the fall of the same year and graduated in 1884, with third honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Liter- ary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theolog- ical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. A few days after his graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, and at once took charge of the Lutheran Mission at West Bethlehem, which he organized, and where he has labored with great success, having succeeded in gathering a large con- gregation and in building a beautiful and commodious chapel. He married Millie S. Euhe, of Allentown, November 21, 1887. Keller, Charles Boughter, son of John A. and Harriet T. Keller, was born at Lancaster, Pa., October 20, 1853. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of Lan- caster City, graduating in 1869 from the High School, with the first honor. He entered College in the fall of 1869 and gradu- ated in 1873. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After graduation he was engaged in teaching, 1874-84, occupying the position of principal of the schools at Strasburg, Lancaster County, Pa. Since 1884 he has been engaged in the coal and lumber business at Ephrata, Pa. He is married to Harriet L. Leche. Keller, Charles Hunter, son of the Eev. P. A. M. and Susan H. Keller, was born in Eeading, Pa., February 6, 1852. He prepared for college in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa. ; entered the Sophomore Class of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1867, at the opening of the first session of the newly-established institution, and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He is engaged in business in Philadelphia. KiEHEL, Chester Prank, son of Stephen and Angelina Kiehel, was born in Lower Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pa., 318 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. March 16, 1867. He prepared for college in Wyoming Semi- nary, Kingston, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated in 1891. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He is at present engaged in the study of law in Allentown, Pa. KiEHEL, CoNSTANTiNE David, son of Stephen and Angelina Kiehel, was born in Lower Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pa., September 9, 1855. He received his preparatory training in a select school at Lehighton, Kutztown and West Chester Normal Schools ; entered College in the fall of 1873 and grad- uated in 1876. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. After graduation he took up the study of law, and was admitted to the Bar in April, 1879. Later he opened an office in the city of Eochester, N. T., and is at present city solicitor of that place. He married Amy Roe, of Brooklyn, N. T., December 17, 1890. * KiSTLER, Alfred W., son of Philip S. and Louisa (Wessner) Kistler, was born near Kempton, Pa., October 28, 1865. He prepared for college at Kutztown Normal School ; entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated June 28, 1888. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1888 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, with a view of preparing for the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Owing to ill-health he was compelled to discontinue his studies, and after an illness of fifteen months died at his home, March 3, 1892, aged twenty-six years, four months, and six daj's. Kistler, Samuel Jacob, Jr., son of Samuel J. Kistler, was born at Saegersville, Pa., July 26, 1865. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After his graduation he took up the study of law, and was admitted to the Bar, July 1, 1889. He was for some time engaged in the practice of his profession in Allen- town, but is now justice of the peace and postmaster at Saegersville, Pa. He married Kate B. Houser, June 16, 1890. * Kistler, William Franklin, son of Joel and Matilda BIOGRAPHICAL. 319 Kistler, was born at Trexlertown, Berks County, Pa., January 19, 1860. He prepared for college in Palatinate College, Myers- town, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was drowned in the Eio Grande Eiver, near Fort Hancock, Texas while crossing the river on horseback with a party of friends, his horse becoming unmanageable, August 7, 1884. His body could not be recovered. Kistler, William Werley, son of David and Maria Kistler, was bom at Leibysville, Schuylkill County, Pa., September 12, 1861. He prepared for college in the Seminary at Normal Square, Pa., 1884, and Kutztown Normal School, 1884 and 1886 ; entered College September 1, 1887, and graduated June 18, 1891, receiving honorable mention for standing in his class. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He was one of the editors-in-chief of The Muhlenberg, Septem- ber, 1890, to February, 1891. He is studying theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Kleokner, George Snyder, son of Joseph and Sarah Louisa (Snyder) Kleckner, was born at Moorestown, Pa., December 12, 1868. He prepared for college at Ulrieh's Preparatory School, Bethlehem, Pa., 1885-86 ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890. He received the Sophomore Scientific Prize, 1888, for an essay on the subject, " Epidermal System and its Appendages," and the Junior oratorical prize in 1889. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, Athletic Association, Glee Club, and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, and Quartette of the same. He was editor, with John W. Horine, of The Muhlenberg, president of the Athletic Association, 1888-90 ; leader of the Glee Club, 1888-89 ; delegate to the forty-first general convention of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity, 1889 ; dele- gate to the second convention of the Central Inter-Collegiate Press Association, Philadelphia, 1888, and member of the Ex- ecutive Committee of the same, 1888-89. Since graduation he has been engaged in teaching. Kline, Jeremiah Hadley, son of Jacob and Catharine Kline, was born in Northampton County, Pa, January 10, 1850. He prepared for college in the Academic Department 320 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of Muhlenberg College, and entered College in the fall of 1871. After going through the Sophomore year, he spent one year in teaching, and then re-entered in 1874 and graduated in 1876. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1876, as a " hospitant ;" left in 1879. In June of the same year he was ordained to the oflS^ce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church ; was pastor of Lutheran congregations at St. Petersburg and Parker City, Pa., January, 1879, until November, 1880 ; pastor of a new mission in Western Pennsylvania from ISTovember, 1880, until July, 1885, when he was compelled, on account of illness, to resfgn his parish. During the years 1886-87 he spent nearly a year under medical treatment in Germany. During his pastorate in 1880-85, he served four congregations and built four new churches. During his stay in Germany, in 1885, he married Anna Maria, daughter of the Eev. Dr. Ernst Adolph Moraeth, pastor-in- chief of the Lutheran Church, Hamburg, Germany. After Eev. Kline's return from Germany, with partially restored health, he resided at Easton, Pa., for several years, occa- sionally preaching and performing other ministerial acts. In the year 1890 his health was again sufficiently restored to enable him to resume pastoral labors, and he accepted a call to do mission work in the coke towns of Western Pennsylvania, where he is at present laboring with success and organizing Sunday-schools and congregations. He resides at Scottdale. Westmoreland County, Pa. Kline, John J., son of Jacob E. and Catharine Kline, was born at Eehrersburg, Berks County, Pa, September 17, 1856. He received his preparatory training in Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa., 1876-80. He entered College in the fall of 1880 — Sophomore Class — and graduated June 28, 1883. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Frank- lin Eeading-Eoom Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated June 15, 1886. On the 22d of June, of the same year, he ■vf&B ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Since his ordi- BIOGRAPHICAL. 321 nation he has been pastor of the Lutheran congregation at New Hanover, the oldest German Lutheran congregation in America, organized in 1703, and for many years served by the Eev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. To the Falkner Swamp parish belong also Christ Lutheran Church at Niantic and the Lutheran congregation at Bechtelsville, Pa. He married Georgie E. Brendlinger, of New Hanover, Pa., April 26, 1888. * Kline, Jonas Franklin, son of Hon. James F. Kline, was born at Orefield, Lehigh County, Pa., October 8, 1858. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated in 1880. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. After his graduation he began the study of law with Hon. John D. Stiles, and on January 30, 1883, he was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County. He opened an office in Allentown and continued the practice of his profession until the fall of the year 1887, when he was elected, on the Democratic ticket, prothonotary of Lehigh County for three years. He was a faithful official, and by his courtesy won the respect of all who had business at his office. In the fall of 1890 he declined to be a candidate for re-nomination, and at the expiration of his term of office, January 5, 1891, retired, and expected to re- sume the practice of his profession ; but he was taken sick and died of typhoid fever at Fogelsville, February 8, 1891. Kline, Marcus C. L., son of Edwin and Eleraina Kline, was born in Salzburg Township, Lehigh County, Pa., March 26, 1855. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1869-70 ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1874. He was a member of the Euter- pean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied law with Hon. Edwin Albright at Allentown, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, June 6, 1876. He opened an office in Allentown, and is now one of the leading attorneys of that prosperous city. He was city solicitor of Allentown from April 1, 1877, to April 1, 1879 ; solicitor to George Bown, sheriff of Lehigh County, from January 1, 1881, to January 1, 1884 ; district attorney for Lehigh County from January, 322 MVELENBER& COLLEGE. 1887 to 1890 ; and solicitor to Samuel Miller, sheriff of Lehigh County, since January, 1890. He married Clara M. Keller, of Allentown, Pa., October 4, 1881. Klingler, John Walker, son of John L. Klingler, was born March 19, 1858. He prepared for college in Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa., 1874-7G ; entered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated in 1880. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He received honorable mention in the Junior oratorical contest, 1879. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1883. On May 22 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of Lutheran congregations in Northampton County, Pa., 1883-87 ; principal of Stoucbsburg schools, 1887-90 ; and engaged in teaching in Delaware County, Pa., 1891. He was principal of the schools at Hamburg, Berks County, during the term of 1891 and 1892. On January 1, 1892, he became pastor of St. Michael's Evangelical Lutheran congregation at Cogan Station, Lycoming County, Pa. He married Agnes E. Gruber, May 10, 1887. Knapp, Julius W., is a son of the Eev. C. L. Knapp, Lan- caster, N. T. ; was born in the State of New York ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1882, and was ordained to the office of the ministry by the New York Ministerium during the same year. He labored successfully in the ministry for several years, but on account of ill-health was compelled to retire from the active duties of the pastorate, and has since resided at Lancaster, N. Y., the home of his aged parents, and from time to time supplying vacant congregations and assisting neighboring pastors. Knerr, Benjamin Franklin, son of Dr. Jacob E. and Matilda S. (Mertz) Knerr, was born at Weissport, Carbon County, Pa., October 5, 1849. He received his preparatory training chiefly under private instruction, but attended one term in the Allen- town Seminary, 1867. In the fall of the same year he entered the Freshman Class in the newly-established College, and grad- BIOGRAPHICAL. 323 uated in 1871 with first honor and the valedictory. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, being one of its founders, and was a charter member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He was principal of the schools of Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1872-77 ; principal of the Central City High School, Minne- apolis, Minn., 1877-85, and is still engaged in teaching in Minneapolis, Minn. He was president of the Minnesota Edu- cational Association, 1884-85. He married Athena Newhard, July 21, 1874. He is a contributor to various educational journals. KoHLER, Charles Spener, son of the Eev. Dr. John and Louisa A. Kohler, was born at Williamsport, Pa., September 11, 1848. He prepared for college in Washington Hall, Trappe, Pa., 1865-69 ; entered College in the fall of 1869 and grad- uated June 29, 1871. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia and grad- uated in 1874. Shortly after his graduation he was ordained to the oflSee of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, since which time he has been successively pastor in Eochester, N. Y., 1874-85 ; at Catasauqua, Pa., 1885-86 ; ISTorristown, Pa., 1886- 88, and since the latter date in Cleveland, Ohio. He married Elizabeth T. Miller, October 20, 1874. KoHLER, Elmer Peter, son of Lewis Alfred and Elizabeth (l^ewhardt) Kohler, was born at Egypt, Pa., November 6, 1865. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg College, 1881-82 ; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886. He received honorable mention in the Sophomore year in the contest for the Botanical prize, and in Senior in the contest for Butler's Analogy prize, and graduated with third honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He took a post- graduate course in the Chemical and Geological Departments in the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., receiving in 1892 the degree of Ph. D. KoHLER, Frederick William, son of the Eev. Dr. John and Louisa A. (Baum) Kohler, was born at New Holland, Lancaster County, Pa., September 8, 1856. He prepared for college in 324 MVMLENBERa COLLEGE. the Stroudsburg public schools, 1873-75 ; entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1878 with second honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literacy Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1881. On June 13 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of Frank- lin Mission, Venango County, Pa., July 1, 1881, to August 1, 1884; Irvin, Pa., September 2, 1884, to October 17, 1886; Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, November 16, 1886, until the latter part of the year 1890, since which time he has been pastor at New Brighton, Pa. KooNS, Alfred Monroe, son of Joshua and Lucy Ann Koons, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., February 16, 1852. He prepared for college in Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1868-70 ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1874. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He took a course in dentistry in the Phila- delphia Dental College, and graduated with the degree of D. D. S., February, 1879. Shortly afterwards he opened an office in Allentown, where he has established an excellent practice. He married Annie M. Harper, August 15, 1875. Koons, Marvin Oscar, son of Joshua and Lucy A. Koons, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., March 15, 1859. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1874-76 ; entered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated June 30, 1880. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. After his graduation he went into the hide and leather business at Lehighton, Carbon County, Pa., which business he has since been following. He married Eva M. Butz, of Allentown, Pa., October 15, 1885. Kramlioh, Milton Joseph, son of Levi and Anna Kramlich, was born in Weisenburg Township, Lehigh County, Pa., No- vember 15, 1845. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township and Keystone State Nor- mal School, 1865-66 ; entered the Sophomore Class in Penn- sylvania College, Grettysburg, Pa., January, 1867, and in Sep- BIOGRAPHICAL. 325 tember, 1867, at the opening of the new institution, entered Muhlenberg, and with E. P. Weidner constituted the Junior Class for the first year. He graduated June 24, 1869. He was a member and one of the founders of the Euterpean Literary So- ciety. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1873. On June 11, 1873, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, since which time he has been pastor of St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Upper Milford, Lehigh County, Pa., and teaching public and private schools. He married Amanda C. Miller, June 18, 1885, and resides at Allentown, Pa. Kramlich, William "Wilberforce, son of Eev. Benjamin B. and Sophie Kramlich, was born at Kutztown, Pa., January 22, 1866. He received his preparatory training at his native place ; spent one year (1882) at Chambersburg, Pa. ; entered College in 1883 and graduated in 1887. During his college course he was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He entered the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1887, and graduated May 19, 1891, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministe- rium of Pennsylvania, May 26, 1891. He was his father's assistant in his large and extensive parish, 1891-92, but since the spring of 1892 he has been pastor of Womelsdorf parish, formerly served by Eev. A. Pinfroclr. Krause, George Derr, son of George and Catharine B. Krause, was born at Lebanon, Pa., December 8, 1858. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the Lebanon public schools, graduating from the High School, 1875, and studied privately during 1875-76. He entered College September 2, 1876 and graduated June 28, 1879. He received the Junior prize for the best oration, 1878. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied law under W. G. Lehman, Esq., Lebanon, Pa., 1879-80. Later he entered the hardware business, and September 1, 1881, he be- came a member of the firm of George Krause & Co. He mar- ried J"ennie J. Kramer, of Allentown, Pa., May 2, 1880. Krauss, Elmer Frederick, son of Isaac Teakel and Theo- 326 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. dora Eosalie (Waage) Krauss, was born at Kraussdale, Lehigh County, Pa., September 7, 1862. He received his preparatory training in Perkiomen Seminary, 1873-77, and Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, 1879-80 ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884, with first honor and valedictory. He also received the first German prize offered to the Sen iov Class. He was a member of the Sophronian Liter- ary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. In the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, and in July he ,took charge of three mission congregations located at Braddock, McKeesport, and Honesdale, serving the two former until 1889, and the latter up to date. He married Irene Elizabeth Hartzell, October 25, 1887. Kretschmann, Benest Theodore, son of Ernest and Wilhel- mina Kretschmann, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., February 20, 1866. He prepared for college under the instruction of Miss E. A. Kaehler, Germantown, Pa., 1881-82 ; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886, with first honor, re- ceiving the Amos Ettinger Honor Medal (the first one pre- sented) and the Butler Analogy prize of twenty-five dollars. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1886, graduated in 1889, and shortly afterwards was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Immediately after his ordina- tion he became pastor of Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, Pa., one of the oldest Lutheran congregations in America, or- ganized by the Patriarch Muhlenberg. The old Augustus church, though no longer used, is still preserved as a memorial of the past. The subject of this sketch took a post-graduate course at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in Semitic languages and philosophy, and graduated in 1892, with the degree of Ph. D. Kribbs, George Frederic, son of George and Susanna Kribbs, was born on a farm in Beaver Township, Clarion County, Pa., November 8, 1846. He prepared for college in the Academy at Bmlenton, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of BIOGRAPHICAL. 327 1871 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Societj'. He was junior tutor in the Academic Department of his alma mater, 1873-74. Afterwards he studied law and was admitted to the Bar. He has been chief burgess, member of the Town Council, member of the Board of School Directors, judge of elections, etc., of Clarion, Pa. He has been for a number of years part owner and editor of the Clarion Democrat. On November 4, 1890, he was elected mem- ber of Congress, House of Eepresentatives, of the Eighth Dis- trict of Pennsylvania, being the first Muhlenbergian elected to a seat in the national Congress. He married Martha Eodgers, of Brookville, Pa., November 24, 1880. KuDER, Hiram Josephus, son of William M. and Catharine (Keck) Kuder, was born nearLaury's Station, Lehigh County, Pa., July 5, 1860. He prepared for college in the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., at intervals between the years 1876-79, and by private study while engaged in teaching ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, and College Missionary Society, being one of the prime movers in the organization and the first president of the latter. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. A few days after his graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He held the position of Professor of History and Philosophy in the Female College at Hagerstown, Md., for one year (1887-88) ; pastor of Salem Lutheran Church, BUerton, Ohio, November, 1888, until No- vember, 1889; andpastorof Christ Lutheran Church, Pittsburg, Pa., November, 1889-92; at present pastor of the Bath and Hellertown parish, in Pennsylvania. He married Mary Mon- teith Johnston, of Toungstown, Pa., May 29, 1888. He has contributed numerous articles for various Lutheran periodicals. KxjEHNER, Milton Joel, son of John E. and Caroline (Dou- rard) Kuehner, was born January 1, 1865. He prepared for college in the Model School, North Whitehall Township, Le- high County, Pa., and under the private instruction of the Eev. J. S. Eenninger ; entered College in the fall of 1883 and 328 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. graduated in 1887. He was a member of the Buterpean Lit- erary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated May 27, 1891, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 3, 1891. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Jor- dan parish, with his residence at Stettlersville, Pa., where he now labors. He married Louisa S. German, of Germansville, Pa , August 14, 1883. Ktjhns, Samuel Washington, son of John K. and Sarah Kuhns, was born in Clarion County, Pa., January 10, 1848. He received his preparatory training in the schools at Salem, Collingsburgh, and Bmlenton, Pa. ; entered the Junior Class in 1870 and graduated in 1872. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1872, and gradu- ated in 1875. Shortly afterwards he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor of the Lutheran Church, Franklin, Pa., 1875-81, since which time he has been pastor of the First English Lutheran Church, Col- umbus, Ohio. His congregation in Columbus built a new church in 1885, and is in a very flourishing condition, as shown by the fact that it lately organized a new English mission in the city, which is also in a very flourishing condition. He was secretary of the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council, 1879- 80 ; and is at present Missionary President of the District Synod of Ohio (General Council). He married Marziena Saeger, March 13, 1879. K0NKLE, George G., son of John and Sarah (Kresge) Kunkle, was born September 7, 1847. He received his preparatory training in Wyoming Seminary, 1865, Millersville Normal School, 1866, Kutztown E'ormal School, 1868-69, and by private instruction under Dr. Frederick A. Muhlenberg and his sons, at AUentown, Pa., in August, 1869 ; entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873 with third honor and German oration. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary So- ciety. In the fall of 1875 he entered the. Lutheran Theolog- ical Seminary with a view of preparing himself for the min- BIOGRAPHICAL. 329 istry, but was compelled, on account of ill-health, to interrupt his course for some years. He again took up the work of teaching, which he had previously followed. For two years, beginning with September 1, 1873, he had been principal of a school at Mount Joy, Pa. He resigned this position to take up the study of theology in 1875. After leaving the Seminary, he was principal of Monroe Collegiate Institute, Stroudsburg, Pa., 1876-77; principal of Schwartz's Academy, Bethlehem, Pa., 1878; principal of the Bethlehem Public Schools, 1879- 81 ; and founded and built Fairview Academy, Brodheadsville, Monroe County, Pa., in 1881, and was principal of the school, with the exception of two years, until he entered the ministry in 1887. During the two years prior to his ordination he studied theology under the Eev. G-eorge P. Spieker, D. D., Al- lentown. Pa., and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in June, 1887. In July of the following year he accepted a call as pastor of Zion Lutheran congregation at Weatherly, Pa., where he labored until the year 1891, when he became pastor of St. Luke's Church, Easton, Pa. On April 1, 1892, he be- came pastor of St. Mark's English Lutheran Church, Williams- port, Pa. He married Margaret Ann Storm, July 18, 1874. KuNTZ, Hiram Petee, son of Thomas and Blemina Kuntz, was born at Kuntz's Ford, now Treichler's, ISTorthampton County, Pa., March 2, 1858. He received his preparatory train- ing in the public school of his native place, and spent one year in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1873-74; entered College in the fall of 1874 and graduated June 27, 1878. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1879 he entered the employ of G. B. Markle & Co., miners and shippers of coal, Jeddo, Luzerne County, Pa., as book-keeper and paymaster, which position he held until April, 1888, when he was compelled to resign on account of ill- health. Some time afterwards he began the study of law with E. P. Kisner, Esq., Hazleton, Pa., and has since then been admitted to the Bar of Luzerne County. He married Ida Lawall, of Hazleton, Pa., November 24, 1886. Kuntz, Jacob David Micklet, son of the Eev. David and 22 330 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Eliza Kuntz, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., November 21, 1860. He prepared for college in Nazareth Hall, Nazareth, Pa., 1875-76 ; Academic Department of Muh- lenberg College, 1876-77 ; entered College in the fall of the lat- ter year and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. After his graduation he taught public school, 1881-82, and then studied law under B. F. Facken- thall, Esq., Easton, Pa., and was admitted to the Northampton County Bar, August 14, 1885. In the year 1890 he was elected solicitor of the borough of Nazareth. His present residence is Nazareth, Pa. Kuntz, John Jacob, son of Samuel and Sarah A. Kuntz, was born at Treichler's, Northampton Countj', Pa., September 5, 1845. He received his preparatory training in Minerva Acad- emy, Whitehall, Pa. ; Allentown Seminary, 1861-66 ; and at Tiffin, Ohio, in 1865. In the fall of 1866 he entered Pennsyl- vania College, Gettj'^sburg, Pa., but when in the fall of 1867 Muhlenberg College was opened, he entered the Sophomore Class in that institution. He was one of the first students coming, with several others, from Pennsylvania College to the newly-established College. He graduated in 1870. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1873. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor of the Lutheran Church at Mulberry, Ind., 1873-81, and since then at Conyngham, Luzerne County. He was secretary of the Indiana Synod (General Council) for two years, and treasurer for three years. He married Sarah A. Keck, of Allentown, Pa., June 17, 1873. He was the first alumnus to send a son to his alma mater for the purpose of receiving a college training. Kuntz, Monroe Thomas, son of Samuel and Sarah A. (Bertsch) Kuntz, was born at Treichler's, Northampton County, Pa., April 21, 1849. He prepared for college in Wyoming Academy and Palatinate College, Myerstown ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1874. He was a member of the Bu- terpean Literary Society. He studied medicine in Jefferson BIOGRAPHICAL. 331 Medical College, Philadelphia, and Long Island College Hos- pital, Brooklyn, N. Y., graduating from the latter in 1878, with the degree of JVE. D. He afterwards located in Mulberry, Indi- ana, where he now resides, as one of the successful physicians of that locality. He married Christie Cook, of Mulberry, Ind., November 2, 1879. KuNTZ, William Henry, son of Samuel and Sarah Ann Kuntz, was born at Treichler's, Northampton County, Pa., Sep- tember 5, 1845. He prepared for college in Preeland Semi- nary, Collegeville, Pa., 1862, and Allentown Collegiate Institute, 1864. In the fall of 1866 he entered Pennsylvania College ; but in the fall of 1867 he came with other students to Allen- town, as students of the newly- established Muhlenberg College, and entered the Sophomore Class. He graduated in 1870. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied Theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1873. A few days later he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Min- isterium of Pennsylvania. He was Lutheran pastor at Cogan Station, Pa., 1873-74 ; at Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1874-86. In the latter year he took up the study of medicine, attending a course of lectures in Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, 1886-87, and another course in the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College, 1887-88, graduating from the latter institution in the spring of 1888 with the degree of M. D., since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession at New Castle, Del. He married Damietta L. Kuntz, of Slating- ton. Pa., June 19, 1873. Kurtz, Irwin Bishop, son of Augustus B. and Blizabeth (Bishop) Kurtz, was born at East Greenville, Pa., July 19, 1867. He prepared for college at West Chester, 1884, and Kutztown Normal School, 1885-86 ; entered College Septem- ber 5, 1886, and graduated June 26, 1890, with first honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1890, and will graduate in 1893, when he will enter the ministry of the Lutheran Church. 332 MVHLENBER& COLLEGE. Lambert, James Franklin, son of Amandes M. and Char- lotte Anna (Hendricks) Lambert, was born at Friedensville, Lehigh County, Pa., September 15, 1863. He prepared for college in Ulrich's Preparatory School to Lehigh University, Bethlehem, 1883-84 ; entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated in 1888, with third honor. He received the Eliza Botanical prize for the best essay on the "Reproduction of Plants," in 1886 ; honorable mention in 1888 in connection with the contest for the Butler Analogy Prize, and honorable men- tion for German oration in Junior oratorical contest, 1887. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He was editor-in-chief of The Muhlenberg in 1888. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1891. He was ordained to the ofBce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church May 26, 1891, and immediately afterwards became pastor of the Church of the Incarnation, corner Forty-sixth Street and Kingsessing Avenue, Philadelphia, which he served until August, 1892, when he became pastor of a Lutheran church at Catasauqua, Pa. He married Ella L. Ochs, of Allentown, Pa., June 22, 1891. * Laubenstein, William Henry, son of Jonas and Catharine Laubenstein, was born at Minersville, Pa., July 16, 1850. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, spending the scholastic year 1867-68 in the latter ; entered College in 1868 and graduated in 1872, with second honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, and graduated in 1875. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor of the Lutheran congregation at White Haven, Pa., 1875-77 ; and at Tamaqua, Pa., from 1877 until his death, which occurred September 11, 1883, at the age of thirty-three years, one month, and twenty-five days. He was buried at Minersville, the place of his nativity. He was mar- ried to Maggie Heppe, October 7, 1875. Lattry, Preston, son of William and Susanna Laury, was born at Hellertown, Pa., December 28, 1865. He prepared for BIOGRAPHICAL. 333 college in the Preparatory School for Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., 1884-85 ; entered College in the fall of 1885 and graduated June 27, 1889, with second honor. He received the Eliza Botanical prize in 1887. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Associa- tion, and the Athletic Association. In the fall of 1889 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in the spring of 1892. Shortly afterwards he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and is now pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Marietta, Pa. Lazaeus, Jacob "Wilson, son of the Eev. George M. and Amanda C. (Dech) Lazarus, was born at Nazareth, Northamp- ton Countj^, Pa., October 24, 1861. He received his preparatory training under the instruction of his able and faithful father, 1867-74 ; in the public schools of Allentown, 1874-77 ; and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1877-78. He entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1882, graduated in 1885, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, June 2, 1885. From September, 1885, until March, 1887, he served, as a supply for the Eev. Gr. A. Bruegel, the congregations connected with the Cherryville parish, and since April 1, 1887, ho has been the successful pastor of the Mount Bethel parish in Northampton County, Pa. He is particularly successful in preparing young men for the College and Seminary of the church, having ah-eady prepared seven for the former institution, several of whom are expected to prepare for the ministry. Leibenspekger, James Oliver, son of Stephen and Susan (Deisher) Leibensperger, was born at Maxatawnj^, Beriis County, Pa., March 26, 1862. He prepared for college in the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1870-80 ; entered College in the fall of the latter year and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- 334 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. delpbia, and graduated in 1887. A few days after graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Immediately after his ordination he became the pastor of Zion Lutheran Church, Grirardville, Pa., and served that congregation until 1890, when he became the pastor of the Lincoln parish in Lancaster County, with his residence at Denver. He married Fianna B. Miller, September 22, 1887. Leopolb, Elmer Owen, son of the Eev. Owen and Mary Leopold, was born at Allentown, Pa., March 24, 1868. He pre- pared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1881-85 ; entered the Collegiate Department in 1885 and grad- uated in 1889. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia ; graduated in 1892, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Lutheran Church at Girardville, Pa. Lewis, Evan Benedict, son of Evan and Martha Elizabeth Lewis, was born in Limerick Township, Montgomery County, Pa., September 4, 1868. He prepared for college in Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, Pa., during spring terms of ten weeks, 1884-87, and by private study during several terms as teacher of public schools. He entered College September 1, 1887, and graduated June 26, 1890. He received honorable mention in the contest for the Eliza Botanical prize, 1888, and at graduation for standing in his class. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fra- ternity. From September, 1889, until January, 1890, he was editor-in-chief of The Muhlenberg. He was census enumerator for Limerick Township during 1890. He studied law with W. Horace Hepburn, Esq., of Philadelphia, until the fall of 1891, when he entered the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, having earned a Faculty Scholarship by an examination on the first year. He expects to graduate in 1893 with the degree of LL. B. Lewis, Francis Gaebee, son of Evan and Martha Elizabeth Lewis, was born in Limerick Township, Montgomery County, BIOGRAPHICAL. 335 Pa., October 11, 1861. He prepared for college in Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1885. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Since his graduation he has been engaged in teaching in Bethle- hem, Pa. He married Sallie S. Eath, daughter of the late Eev. William Eath, of Allentown, Pa., June 17, 1890. LicHTENWALNEK, Bdward John, son of John H. and Caroline L. Lichtenwalner, was born at Fogelsville, Lehigh County, Pa., December 21, 1859. He received his preparatory training in the Allentown High School and in an institution at Lawrence- ville, N. Y., spending the years 1874-76 at the latter place. He entered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He took up the profession of law, being admitted to the Bar in 1883, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Allentown. LiOHTENWALNEE, WiLLiAM Allen, son of William C. and Amelia C. Lichtenwalner, was born at Fogelsville, Lehigh County, Pa., September 4, 1856. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1867-70 ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated June 25, 1874. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation be pursued a course in law and was admitted to the Bar at Allentown, September 4, 1878. Some time afterwards he located in Southern Dakota ; was a member of the South Dakota Constitutional Conventions of 1885 and of 1887, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession at Harold, S. D. LocHMAN, Eugene C, is a native of Allentown, Pa. He re- ceived his preparatory training in Allentown Collegiate Insti- tute, entered the first Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1867, and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He afterwards entered the legal pro- fession and is engaged in the practice of his profession in Jersey City, IST. J. LoDER, AcESTES Grant, son of Alexander W. and Mary Ann (Teager) Loder, was born at Kellersville, Monroe County, Pa., 336 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. January 5, 1865. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Philadelphia and the Academic Department of College, 1881-82 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Buter- pean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, graduating in 1889, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Min- isterium of Pennsylvania, in June of the same year. After his ordination he spent three semesters, 1890-91, in the University of Leipsi^, Germany. In the fall of 1891 he accepted a call as missionary of the General Council in Tacoma, Wash., where he is now located. Long, Achilles Johnson, son of Ephraim and Hannah Long, was born at Claussville, Lehigh County, Pa., October 20, 1847. He received his preparatory training at Washington Hall Institute, Trappe, Pa., 1865; Port Edward Institute, N. Y., 1866 ; and Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1867; en- tered College in the fall of 1868, and graduated in 1871, receiv- ing at his graduation a purse of twenty-five dollars for his German oration. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1874, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in the same year. Shortly after his ordination he became pastor of the Stouehsburg parish, which he still serves. During his pastorate here he has erected five very handsome churches. He married Deborah I. Minnich, January 4, 1876. LoNGACRE, Jacob H., son of David L. and Polly (Hoppes) Longacre, was born at Normal Square, Carbon County, Pa., August 10, 1865. He prepared for college in Normal Square Insti- tute and Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa. ; entered College September 6, 1887, and graduated June 26, 1890. He was a mem- ber of the Euterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1890 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Phila- delphia, and will graduate in 1893, when he expects to be ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. BIOGRAPHICAL. 337 LoscH, Jacob Frank, son of John and Regina Losch, was born in Allentown, Pa., April 4, 1857. He received his prepar- atory training in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, entered College in the fall of 1873, and graduated in 1877. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied law under Hon. John D. Stiles, of Allentown, and was admitted to the Bar in 1880. Some time afterwards he located at West Point, ISTeb., where he has met with great success in his profes- sion. He married Laura A. Storch in 1878. Lynch, Egbert Benjamin, son of Lieutenant Thomas J. and Maria A. Lynch, was born at Pennsburg, Montgomery County, Pa., November 28, 1860. He prepared for college in Perkiomen Seminary, at his native place, 1875-77. He taught public schools during the winters of 1877-81. He entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1885. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1888. On May 29. of the same year, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. Immediately afterwards he became pastor of the Lutheran Church at Dublin, Pa., where he is at present laboring with encouraging success. He married Maggie Uber Jones, of Reading, Pa. McCreert, LrTHER Melanchthon, son of William and Catharine McCreery, was born in Carroll County, Ohio, near Ada, February 5, 1851. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native county, in the Northwestern Normal School at Ada, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, spending one year in the latter ; entered College in the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. In the fall of 1881 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, but was pre- vented by sickness in his father's family and by other circum- stances from taking the regular three years' course, leaving the Seminary at the end of the second year. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the 338 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. District Synod of Ohio (General Council), August 31, 1884. Since his ordination he has been pastor of the Middlepoint parish of the District Synod of Ohio. During his pastorate two of his congregations have erected new churches, and he has organized one congregation, which has been added to his parish. He was secretary of the Northern Conference of the Synod with which he is connected from 1888-90. His present residence is at Middlepoint, 0., at which place he accepted, in 1892, the principalship of the Western Ohio Normal School. He married Mary B. Keek, of Allentown, Pa., November 12, 1884. Martin, Nathan Deesher, son of Dr. Henry Francis and Anna (Dresher) Martin, was born in Allentown, Pa., March 11, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, graduating from the High School June 22, 1886, with first honor ; entered College in the fall of the same year and graduated June 26, 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, and the Athletic Association. After graduation he took up the study of law, and expects to be admitted to the Bar of Lehigh Countj' in 1893. Matne, Joseph Webster, son of John M. and Levina (Leiser) Mayne, was born in Trenton, N. J., October 15, 1858. He prepared for college in the Kutztown Normal School, entered College in the fall of 1878, and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society, received the Junior oratorical prize in 1880 and the Senior oratorical prize in 1881. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia ; graduated in 1884, and was ordained, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, June 10 of the same year. Imme- diately after his ordination he became pastor of the Tinicum parish, Pennsylvania, serving it from July 1, 1884, until July 1, 1888 ; pastor of one of the Lutheran churches at Catasauqua, Pa., 1888-92, and since May of the latter year he has been pastor of Christ Church, Easton, Pa. He was one of the assistant instructors in the Academic Department of College, 1879-80. He married Sadie J., eldest daughter of the Eev. A. E. Home, D. D., of Allentown, Pa., June 23, 1884. BIOGRAPHICAL. 339 Medlar, William Henry, son of Samuel B. and Susanna (De Frehn) Medlar, was born at Drehersville, Pa., January 28, 1858. He prepared for college in the Keystone State Kormal School, Kutztown, and in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College, spending the scholastic year 1876-77 in the latter ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered Yale Divinity School in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1885, with the degree of B. D., and was honored as one of the speakers at Commencement. In July of the same year he was ordained to the ofSce of the ministry in the Congregational Church. He was pastor of the First Congregational Church, Crookston, Minn., March 1, 1886-March 1, 1889 ; and since April 1, 1889, he has been pastor of the First Congregational Church at Wabasha, Minn. Since 1889 he has been secretary of the State Association of Congregational Churches of Minnesota. He published a number of sermons, and for nearly a year a small parish paper. He married Mary R. Bachman, June 9, 1887. Mehrkam, a. Miles, son of Adam and Mary Mehrkam, was born at Little Gap, Cai-bon County, Pa., March 8, 1862. He prepared for college in the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, 1880-82 ; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1885, with third honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1888. A few days after graduation he was ordained to the ofiSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, and immediately afterwards took charge, as pastor, of the Lutheran Church at Columbia, Pa., which he is still serving. He married Emma La Barre, June 28, 1888. Meilt, Frank Edward, son of Charles H. and Sarah (Steck- beck) Meily, was born in Lebanon, Pa. He received his pre- paratory training in the schools of his native place, graduating from the Lebanon High School in 1873. He entered College in the fall of 1873 and graduated in 1876, with first honor and valedictory. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied law at 340 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Lebanon, and was admitted to the Lebanon County Bar in 1879. Immediately after his admission to the Bar he opened an oflSce in his native place, and has established a lucrative practice. He was elected solicitor for the city of Lebanon in 1890 for three years. Meixell, Edwin David, son of Michael J. and Eachel S. Meixell, was born at Saylorsburg, Monroe County, Pa., Feb- ruary 1, 1871. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1887. He entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated June 18, 1891, with third honor and the Latin Salutatory. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary.Society. He was one of the editors-in-chief of The Muhlenberg from February to June, 1891. Metzger, Ealph, son of Thomas B. and Susan E. Metzger, was born in Allentown, Pa., June 26, 1870. He prepared for college in a private school at Allentown and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1888. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Fraternity. After his graduation he took up the study of law in his father's office, Allentown, and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, January 4, 1892. Meter, Oscar, is a native of Pennsylvania. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1868-69, having his home in Bethlehem ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Since his graduation he has served as official stenographer in the courts of Lehigh County, Chicago, New York, etc. He resides at present in New York City. Miller, Edwin L., is a native of Pennsylvania. He entered the Freshman Class in 1878, coming from Kutztown, Pa., and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Sophronian Lit- erary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theolog- ical Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1885, and in the same year was ordained to the office of the ministry, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, and is now pastor of Trinity English Lutheran congregation in Seranton Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL. 341 Miller, George Abraham, son of Nathan and Mary Miller, was born at Lynnville, Lehigh County, Pa., July 31, 1863. He prepared for college in the Academical Department of Frank- lin and Marshall College, Lancaster; entered Muhlenberg in January of the year 1884 and graduated in 1887, with honor- able mention at graduation for standing in his class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literarj' Society. He spent part of the summer of 1889 at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and part of the summer of 1890 at Michigan University, en- gaged in special study. Since 1887 he has been professor of mathematics at Eureka, 111. He has written a work on higher algebra, which ho uses with his classes, though it has not j-et been published. Miller, Nevin Eugene, son of Daniel H. and Pauline (Herb- ster) Miller, was born in Lowhill Township, Lehigh County, Pa., February 5, 1866. He prepared for college under the in- struction of the Rev. Oscar D. Miller, Hamburg, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated June 26, 1890. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1890, and will graduate and enter the ministry of the Lutheran Church in 1893. Miller, Newton John, son of Samuel and Catharine A. Miller, was born at Allentown, Pa., January 24, 1856. He was educated mainly in the schools of his native place, attending, during the years 1861-65, Allentown Seminary, then under the principalship of the Eev. William E. Hofford ; Mr. Syke's and Dr. Hand's select schools ; public school, and again a select school under the management of Eev. Eiehard Walker ; public school in 1865-66 ; Allentown Collegiate Institute and Military Academy, 1866-67, and during the following year select and public schools. He entered the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg in 1868 and the Collegiate in 1871, and graduated in 1875. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society- He continued his studies privately, while engaged in teaching, during the years 1875-78, in Whitehall Township, Allentown, and Slatington. In September, 1878, he entered the Theological Seminary of the Eeformed Church in the United States, Lan- 342 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. caster, Pa., and graduated May 12, 1881. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, by the Phil- adelphia Classis, June 12, 1881. He became pastor of several congregations at and near E.ebersburg, Pa., where he labored until July 1, 1883, when he resigned on account of ill-health. He removed to Lancaster and remained there until November of the same year, when he resumed active pastoral work at Eebersburg, Pa. He labored at this place until January 1, 1886. From this date until June 15, 1889, he was not in the active service of the ministry, but since the latter date he has been laboring in a large pastoral charge in and near Manchester, Md. He married Katie Holman, of Lancaster, Pa., September 20, 1881. MiLLEK, OscAE Daniel, SOU of Daniel H. and Pauline (Herb- ster) Miller, was born at Lyon Valley, Pa., August 21, 1857. He prepared for college in the Northwestern University, Watertown, Wis., 1874-75 ; entered College in the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1884. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, on Tuesday after Trinity Sunday, 1884, and immediately afterwards took charge of the Lutheran congregation at Hamburg, Pa., which he still serves. MiLLEE, William Jacob, son of the Eev. George P. and Emma Helena Miller, was born at Pottstown, Pa., November 17, 1857. He received his preparatory training in Hill School, at his native place, and in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1873 and grad- uated in 1877. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1880, and in the same year was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, since which time he has been pastor of the Lutheran Church at Leeehburg, Pa. He has for a number of years been a member of the Board of Trustees of Thiel College, and was a delegate from the Pitts- burgh Synod to the General Council, Buffalo, N. Y., in 1891. BIOGRAPHICAL. 343 MoHR, Wilson Keck, son of Henry W. Mohr, ex-clerk of the Orphans' Court of Lehigh County, and at present (1891) city assessor of Allentown. The subject of this sketch received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, grad- uating from the High School in 1881 ; he entered College in the fall of the same year and graduated in 1885, receiving hon- orable mention in German. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He was business manager of The Muhlen- berg in 1884. During his Senior year he was appointed and discharged the duties of deputy clerk of the Orphans' Court of Lehigh County in connection with his College work. At the close of his Junior year, having begun the study of law in connection with his College studies, he passed the preliminary examination July 31, 1884, and registered as a student-at-law in the office of ex-Judge Edward Harvey. On July 13, 1887, he was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County and opened an office in Allentown. Later he opened a branch office at Ma- cungie. Pa. He is at present a member of the Board of Under- writers of the city of Allentown, and lecturer on commercial law, political economy in the American Business College and Modern Office Training- School,' Allentown. He is also a regu- lar contributor to local and other periodicals. MoTEB, Harrison Erb, son of Henry and Sophia Moyer, was born at Mantie, Montgomery County, Pa., November 5, 1860. He prepared for college in the Kutztown Normal School, 1886 -87 ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated June 18, 1891, receiving honorable mention for his standing in his class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Muhlenberg, Ernest AuarsTus, son of the Eev. Dr. Freder- ick Augustus and Catharine Ann (Muhlenberg) Muhlenberg, was born at Lancaster, Pa., May 9, 1850. He received his pre- paratory training in the Preparatory Department of Pennsyl- vania College, 1861-64 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the same institution in the fall of 1864, and left to help in the formation of the Senior Class in Muhlenberg College, of which his distinguished father was elected president in the fall of 1867. He graduated in 1868 with the first graduating class of the newly-established College, and with first honor. He studied 344 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. law in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and under the instruction of Hon. C. E. Lex, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Philadelphia. He was tutor in the Academic Department of his alma mater, 1871- 72. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, being one of its founders, and of the Phi Gamma Delta Fra- ternity. Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior, son of Eev. Dr. Frederick A. and Catharine Ann Muhlenberg, was born at Gettysburg, Pa., March 11, 1860. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, of which his distinguished father was the honored president at the time, 1868-72 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1872 and graduated in 1876. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He pur- sued a course of study in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and graduated in 1881, with the degree of Ph. G. After his graduation from the latter institution he settled in the city of Reading, where he is engaged in the druggist business. Muhlenberg, William Frederick, son of the Eev. Dr. Frederick Augustus and Catharine Ann (Muhlenberg) Muh- lenberg, was born at Gettysburg, Pa., November 18, 1852. He received his preparatory training in the Preparatory Depart- ment of Pennsylvania College ; entered the Collegiate Depart- ment in the same institution, 1862; but in the fall of 1867, when Muhlenberg College was opened, with his father as pres- ident, he left with a number of others and entered the newly- established College as a member of the Senior Class, and grad- uated in 1868 with the first graduating class. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fra- ternity. He took a course in medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated in 1872 with the degree of M. D. He is engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Eeading. He has published numerous articles on medical sub- jects in medical journals and has delivei'ed lectures in the lecture courses of his alma mater, — "Hygiene," 1886; "Hy- giene," 1887 ; and " Health, or the Proper Care of One's Self," 1888. He was for many years a member of the Board of BIOGRAPHICAL. 345 Health of the city of Eeading, and physician for the Eeading Hospital. Myers, "William Henry, son of Washington and Susan Myers, was born at Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pa., October 22, 1851. He prepared for college in Palatinate Col- lege, Myerstown, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1871 and graduated in 1873. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1876 ; shortly afterwards he was ordained to the oflSce of the minis- try in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor of the Lutheran congregation at North Wales, 1876-78. In the latter year he was called to Eeading to take charge of a mission congregation under the care of Trinity Church. He organized Grace Lu- theran congregation in 1881 and built a chapel. Already, in 1889, this chapel had become too small for his growing congre- gation ; the chapel was torn down, and in 1890 he dedicated a new church, one of the finest church edifices in Eeading, cost- ing seventy-five thousand dollars, and seating fifteen hundred people. His services are well attended, the church being gen- erally well filled, and at night crowded with two thousand and more hearers. In eleven years he has increased the member- ship from forty-two to one thousand. Besides his arduous pastoral labors he has become widely known as a lecturer, writer, and author. He is a regular contributor to New York Serald, Sun, World, Philadelphia Ledger and Times, Reading Times, Eagle, etc., and " At Leisure" writer in The Lutheran, Philadelphia. He has published " Cruelty to Animals," a ser- mon published by the Eeading Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, five thousand copies printed ; and " The Nineteenth Century Young Man," Philadelphia, 1890. He is secretary of the Eeading Benevolent Society, the oldest benevolent society in Berks County. During the summer of 1891, he with his family travelled through Europe, and since their return he has published a book descriptive of his travels. He married Mary E. Kutz, of Eeading, Pa., in 1879. Neiman, Jacob H., son of George S. and Catharine Neiman, was born at Limerick, Montgomery County, Pa., July 31, 184-1. In his infancy his parents removed to Trappe, where he grew 23 346 MUHLENBERG- COLLEGE. up to manhood. He was successively a Sunday-school scholar, teacher, and superintendent in the Sunday-school in the old Augustus Church at that place. He prepared for college in Washington Hall, Trappe, 1866-68 ; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He received the Junior oratori- cal prize in 1870, the first Junior prize given in the history of the College. In the fall of 1871 he entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1874. In the same year he was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor at Conyngbam, Pa,., 1874-81 ; Catawissa, Pa., 1881- 92 ; and since at Eoyersford, Pa. He has been specially suc- cessful in his ministry in the building of exclusively Lutheran churches. During his college days he helped to organize First Ward Sunday-school, and in 1871 was superintendent of the school. He married Beulah Morris Daniel, of Norristown, Pa., July 16, 1874. E"iCHOLAS, John Frederick, son of Jacob Franklin and Clarissa (Meyers) Nicholas, was born in Bethlehem Township, Northampton County, Pa., January 16, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native county and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, spending the scholastic year 1881-82 in the latter; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fra- ternity. He studied theology in Yale Divinity School, and graduated in the spring of 1889, with the degree of B. D. He entered the ministry May 15, 1890, and became pastor of the Congregational Church in Blue Eapids, Kansas. In 1891 he removed to Elizabeth, N. J., where he now resides and labors as pastor of a Congregational Church. NiouM, John, son of John and Anna Margaretha (Schaefer) Nicum, was born in Winnenden, Wiirtemberg, Germany, Jan- uary 6, 1851. He received his preparatory training in the Latin School of his native place, 1861-65, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, January to June, 1869 ; entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873. He BIOORAPBIGAL. 347 received two prizes during his collegiate course, and honorable mention for standing in his class at graduation. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied the- ology in the Lutheran Theologiical Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1876. He was ordained to the office of the min- istry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, in June, 1876. He was pastor of Zion Lutheran Church, Frackville, Pa., 1876-78 ; Immanuel Church, Prank- ford, Philadelphia, 1878-80 ; St. John's, Syracuse, N. Y., 1880- 87 ; and St. John's, Eochester, IST. Y., since 1887. President of the Fourth Conference of the New York Ministerium, 1884^- 88 ; secretary of the General Council since 1886 ; a member of the German Home Mission Committee of the General Coun- cil since 1887. He delivered the historical address at the cen- tennial of the New York Ministerium, Association Hall, New York City, 1888. He was elected president of the Board of Trustees of Wagner College, Eochester, N. Y., 1891. He pre- pared the draft of the new law (Chapter 406, Laws 1887, New York) for the incorporation of Lutheran churches in the State of New York, giving to the ecclesiastical body the control of the temporal affairs, formerly vested in the State. He pub- lished " Laws of the State of New York relating to Churches,'' Syracuse, N. Y., 1884 ; " Gleichniss-Eeden Jesu," Eeading, 1884 ; " Eeformations-Album," Eeading, 1885 ; " Doctrinal Develop- ment of the New York Ministerium," Philadelphia, 1887; " Geschichte des New York Ministeriums," New York, 1888 ; " Missouri on Secret Societies and Congregational Eights in the General Council," 1890 ; " Notgedrungene Abwehr Missourischer Angriffe," Eochester, 1890 ; " Die Lutheraner in Amerika," translated from the English of Dr. Wolf's " The Lutherans in America," New York, 1891. He was editor of Lecha County Patriot, 1871, and since 1891 of Siloah, the organ of the German Home Mission Committee of the General Council. He eon- tributes to the various Lutheran periodicals, and is a very acceptable writer both in English and German. He married Josephine J. Sanner, April 30, 1878. Oberly, Frank Clarence, son of John W. and Alaminda C. Oberly, was born at Catasauqua, Pa., March 14, 1869. He 348 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. prepared foi" college in the Catasauqua High School and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered Col- lege in the fall of 1885 and graduated in 1889. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, of the College Glee Club, and of the College Missionary Society. He received the Sacred History prize in Sophomore year, the German Essay prize in Junior, and German Essay and Butler Analogy prizes in Senior year. He divided first honor with John W. Horine. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1892. He was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministeriuni of Pennsylvania, shortly after graduation, and now occupies the position of assistant in- structor in the Academic Department of his alma mater. He was editor-in-chief of T^e Muhlenberg, February to June, 1889. OoHSENFORD, SoLOMON Erb, son of Jesse N. and Mai-y Anna (Erb) Ochsenford, was born in Douglass Township, Montgomery County, Pa., near New Hanover, November 8, 1855. He pre- pared for college in Mount Pleasant Seminary, Boyertown, Pa., 1871-73 ; entered College in the fall of 1873 and gradu- ated in 1876. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1876, and graduated in 1879. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 9, 1879. He took a special course in Hebrew under Dr. "W. E. Harper, 1886-87. He has been pas- tor of Lutheran congregations in and near Selinsgrove, Pa., since September 1, 1879. The congregation at Selinsgrove erected a new church, which was dedicated in 1885. He or- ganized a Lutheran congregation at Verdilla, Pa., in 1886. He was secretary of the Fifth Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1883-84, and has been president of the same since 1890. Trustee of Muhlenberg College since 1889 ; delegate to General Council, 1891 ; reporter of proceedings of Synod for Church Messenger for a number of years ; and president of Alumni Association oi alma mater, 1891-93. He married Sallie C. Boyer, of Selinsgrove, Pa., June 5, 1881. He has published SOLOMON E. OCHSENFORD. BIOGRAPHICAL. 349 " My First Book in the Sunday-School," Eeading, 1883 ; sec- ond edition, 1889 ; " Lutheran Church in Selinsgrove," Selins- grove, 1884; and "The Passion Story," Philadelphia, 1889. Ho has in preparation an extensive history of the Lutheran Church in America. He is a frequent contributor to the vari- ous periodicals of the Lutheran Church. Among the most important contributions may be mentioned, '' History of the Telugu Mission, from the beginning until 1884," in Foreign Missionary, Philadelphia, 1883-84 ; ' Lutheran Church in America" (historical), Lutheran Church Review, Philadelphia, 1885; "Lutheran Doctrines," in Church Messenger, AW^nto-wn, 1886-88; "Lutheran History," in Lutheran Church Review, 1888 ; " Salzburg and Salzburg Lutherans,'' in Lutheran Church Review, 1888 ; translation of Luther's " Tauf-Buechlein" of 1523, in Lutheran, Philadelphia, 1885; "Church Hymns," a series of articles in Lutheran, 1886 ; " General Council, a Eesume," in Workman, Pittsburg, 1888 ; the article " Lu- therans," in "Appleton's Annual CyclopaBdia," JN"ew York, annually since 1884 ; " Ninety-nine Sketches of Lutherans," in " Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography," New York, 1888 ; editor of Church Almanac, Philadelphia, 1883, 1884, 1890-93 ; editor of Lutheran Church Annual, Philadelphia, 1890 ; " Lesson Story for Primary Department in Sunday- school," in Helper, Philadelphia, since 1889; " Eepresentative Men of Muhlenberg College," in National Cyclopaedia of Ameri- can Biography, Philadelphia, 1892; and editor of " Muhlenberg College, a Quarter-Centennial Memorial Yolume," 1892. Ohl, Jeremiah Franklin, son of Milton and Mary Elizabeth (Schick) Ohl, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., June 26, 1850. He spent from August to December, 1866- 67, in Mercersburg College ; entered Muhlenberg in January, 1868, and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Euter- pean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1871, and graduated May 27, 1874. He was ordained June 3, of the same year, to the office of the ministry of the Lutheran Church, by the Min- isterium of Pennsylvania. Immediately after ordination he became pastor of three Lutheran congregations in and near 350 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Quakertown, Pa., which he still continues to serve. He mar- ried Olivia Elizabeth, daughter of the Eev. Christian E. Kessler, the founder of the Allentown Seminary, now Muhlenberg College, March 10, 1873. He has held or now holds the follow- ing positions of honor and trust : Trustee of Muhlenberg Col- lege since 1876 ; one of the lecturers in the Special Course at Muhlenberg College, 1887, 1888, and 1891-92; member of the Church-Book Committee of the General Council and of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania since 1887 ; delegate to the Gen- eral Council, 1886 and 1889 ; chairman of the General Council's committee for the preparation of the " Little Children's Book," for which he did most of the editorial work ; editor of the Musical Department of The Helper, 1882-91 ; secretary of the First Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1884- 85. He has published the following : " The Christ-Child, a Service of Song for the Festival of Christmas," Allentown, Pa., 1879 ; " Christmas, a Festival Service for the Sunday-School" (^Helper Christmas Service, No. I.), and Music to the Helper Christmas Service, Philadelphia, 1883 ; The Helper Christmas Service, No. II., with Music, Philadelphia, 1884 ; The Helper Christmas Service, N o. III., with Music, Philadelphia, 1885 ; The Helper Easter Service, No. I., with Music, Philadelphia, 1886; " Easter Vespers for the Sunday-School," Philadelphia, 1887 (all these services were published by the Lutheran Book- Store) ; editor-in-chief of the " Little Children's Book ;" " A Ser- vice, Hymn, and Tune-Book for the Little Ones," published by authority of the General Council, Philadelphia, 1885 ; " School and Parish Hymnal, with Tunes," Philadelphia, 1892; and " School and Parish Service-Book, Being the Orders of Matins and Vespers of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, with Music" (the first complete setting of the music for these services ever published), Philadelphia, 1892 ; joint editor with Dr. Seiss of the revised and enlarged edition of " Church Song," Philadel- phia, 1892. He is the author of the following articles among others : " Church Music from the beginning of the Christian Era," Lutheran Church Review, Philadelphia, 1888 ; " The Ideal Lutheran Service of Song and how it may be Actualized," Lutheran, December 3 and 10, 1885 ; "A Study in Church Gov- BIOGRAPHICAL. 351 ernment," Lutheran, May 28, 1885 ; " Sunday-School Music," Lutheran, September 21, 1882 ; and " The Devotional Part of the Sunday-School Session," Lutheran, February 5, 1891. Passavant, William Alfred, son of the Eev, Dr. William A. and Eliza Passavant, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., January 23, 1857. He received his preparatory training at home under private instruction ; Thiel Hall, Philipsburg, Pa., three years ; and one year at Western University, Pittsburg. He entered College in the fall of 1871 and graduated in 1875, with second honor. He received the Junior prize for best oration as to manner and matter, 1874. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation he spent one year at home, following a special course in the study of history. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1876 and graduated in 1879. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council. He was pastor of the Baden (Pa.) Parish, 1879-85 ; Christ Church, Pitts- burg, a year and a half. With his father, he established The Workman, a bi-weekly paper, 1881, of which he was manager and associate editor for six years, owner and editor for one year and a half, when he disposed of the paper to accept the superintendency of English Home Missions. On July 1, 1889, he entered on his duties as superintendent of English Home Missions of the General Council. In the discharge of his duties he has travelled extensively through the western and north- western portions of the United States, establishing missions in Washington, Oregon, and other States. He has succeeded in giving new life to the missionary operations of the General Council both in the east and west, having more than doubled the number of missions and missionaries in two years. During the years 1885-86 he travelled extensively in Europe for recreation and study. He published a series of letters in The Workman descriptive of his travels. Peters, Hiram, son of Daniel and Eliza Peters, was born at Circleville, Ohio, July 14, 1847. He received his preparatory training in Fairfield Academy, Iowa ; Circleville High School and Thiel Hall, Philipsburg, Pa., 1867-70 ; entered College in 352 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1871, with third honor and Butler Analogy prize. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1874. In the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church by the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council. He was pastor at Circleville, Ohio, 1874-80 ; Saeger- town, Pa., 1880-84 ; Eochester, N. Y., 1884-88 ; and at JSTorris- town. Pa., since 1888. He married Johanna ISTewhard in 1874. He is an occasional contributor to the various periodicals of the church. Pflueger, Asher Parmenio, son of James Levin and Eliza- beth (Keim) Pflueger, was born in Bast Allen Township, North- ampton County, Pa., April 1, 1850. He received his preparatory training by private study under Professor Person, of the Poly- technic College of Philadelphia, during the summer of 1868 ; under Professor R. K. Buehrle, of Allentown, during the winter of 1868-69, while teaching a county public school ; and in the Quakertown Academy, during the spring of 1869 ; entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873, with second honor. He received the first prize in Chemistry during Junior year for an essay of the subject of " Chemical Affinity," and several German prizes during the course. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Soeietj^. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1873 and graduated June 7, 1876. On June 14, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the M.inis- terium of Pennsylvania, and on November 1, he became pastor of the Turbotville parish, which he served until the year 1891, when he accepted a call to become pastor of the West Newton (Pa.) parish. He was secretary of the Fifth Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1880-83, and president of the same, 1886-90. He married Valeria Blizabeth Appel in 1877. He is an occasional contributor to the various periodicals of the church, and has published several tracts. Pflueger, Henry Frederick, son of John Frederick and Jacobina Anna Pflueger, was born at Seidlersville, Northampton County, Pa., February 3, 1865. He prepared for college in the Ulrich Preparatory School, Bethlehem, Pa., 1884-85; entered BIOGRAPHICAL. 353 College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He is engaged in the study of medicine in South Bethlehem, Pa., expecting to enter his chosen profession in 1893. Ppluegee, Oscar Brwin, son of James Levin and Elizabeth (Keira) Pflueger, was born in Allen Township, Northampton County, Pa., March 11, 1861. After having taught public schools for several terms he prepared for college under the instruction of his brother, the Eev. A. P. Pflueger, 1879-80 ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, in June of the same year. Immediately afterwards he became pastor of the Beavertown parish, consisting of six congregations, which he served until 1889, when he accepted a call to become pastor of the Lykens Yallej^ parish, with his residence at Elizabethville. He has been secretary of the Fifth Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania since 1890. He married Ella C, daughter of the Eev. Owen and Maria Leopold, of Allentown, Pa., June 14, 1887. PoTTEiGEB, Samuel Newton, son of Amos W. and Louisa Seidel Potteiger, was born in Eeading, Pa., August 31, 1864. He received his preparatory training in private and public schools of Eeading, graduating from the Eeading High School ; entered College September 4, 1882, and graduated June 24, 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He was editor-in-chief of The Muhlenberg during the first half of his Senior year, and associate editor prior to that time. During his editorial con- nection with the periodical he enlarged it to its present size, and gave it its motto, "Litterse sine ingenio vanas." After graduation he studied law under Hon. George F. Baer, and was admitted to the Bar of Berks County, November 24, 1888, and to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, March 2, 1891. On March 21, 1889, he made his debut in the Berks County Court in defence of a number of tramps who had been arrested for 354 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. vagrancy, and had them acquitted. He also figured in a murder case as attorney for the defendant, and had his client acquitted, December, 1890. He has met with marked success in his profession. He organized and had incorporated the Schuyl- kill Valley Bank of Eeading, July 21, 1890, and is one of its directors. Potts, Alpheus D., son of Daniel and Eosanna Ann Potts, was born at New Salem, Pa., October 31, 1849. He prepared for college in the New Salem Academy, 1868-69 ; entered Col- lege September 11, 1869, and graduated June 27, 1872, with second honor and valedictory. He was a member of the Eu- terpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lu- theran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated May 19, 1875. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, May 28, 1875. He was pastor at Ligonier, Pa., 1875-79 ; Prospect, Pa., 1879-81 ; and at Pleasant Unity, Pa., since 1883. He was postmaster at Delmont, Pa., 1881-83. He took a regular two-years' post-graduate course in philoso- phy in the Wooster (Ohio) University, and graduated in 1890, with the degree Ph. D. He is a " founder member" of the Society of Science, Art, and Letters, London, England, from which he received, February 14, 1888, the degree of P. S. Sc. He married Clarissa Welty, January 7, 1875. He has pub- lished the following articles in the Scientific Arena, New York : " Evolution, Growth, and Development," April, 1887 ; " Evolu- tion, Growth, and Development, in the Light of the Spiritual Kingdom," July, 1887; "Substantial Creation," June, 1887; " Is Evil an Entity ?" September, 1887. He is also a frequent contributor to the periodicals of the church. Pbediger, George Andrew, son of Henry and Margaret Prediger, was born at Pittsfleld, Mass., July 5, 1865. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, graduating from the High School on June 25, 1882 ; entered College in the fall of the same year and gradu- ated in 1886, with second honor and the philosophical oration. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He pursued a course of study in the Boston University Law School, and graduated June 6, BIOGRAPHICAL. 355 1888, with the degree of LL. B. On July 6 of the same year he was admitted to the Berkshire (Mass.) Bar, and opened an oflSce in Pittsfield, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. During his College course he was actively con- nected with The Muhlenberg as editor-in-chief, and at various times editor of other defiartments of the same periodical. Eaker, John Henry, son of Conrad Hoffman and Susan (Dornsife) Eaker, was born at Eaker, Pa., January 1, 1863. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg in 1884, and spent one year as an irregular student in the collegiate department ; entered Freshman Class in the fall of 1885 and graduated in 1889. In the physiological department he received a prize of ten dollars for the best skeleton. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and College Mis- sionary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, graduated in 1892, and was ordained to the ofS.ce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, May 29, 1892. He also graduated at the National School of Elocution and Oratory, Philadelphia. He is pastor of the Lutheran Church at Pen Argyl, Pa. During his College course he was for three years superintendent of the Lutheran Sunday- school at Aineyville, and he helped to organize St. Stephen's Mission in the western part of Allentown, and delivered nu- merous stereopticon lectures for the benefit of missions and Sunday-schools. During the summer of 1888 he was one of the State speakers for the Constitutional Amendment. During the summer of 1889 he travelled in Kansas and Indian Terri- tory, lecturing and doing missionary work. In 1890 he was census enumerator of Cameron Township, N'orthumberland County, and during the summer of 1891 he had charge of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, at Pen Argyl, Pa. Eambo, Dexter Lovelle, son of Abel and Jane (Gi'oss) Eambo, was born at Trappe, Pa., November 9, 1860. He re- ceived his preparatory training in Washington Hall Collegiate Institute, Trappe, Pa. He began teaching at the age of four- teen years, continued in that profession during winter months, and attended school in spring and summer until his entrance into college. He entered Muhlenberg in the fall of 1881, 356 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. entering the Sophomore Class, and graduated in June, 1883. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. During the years 1886-88 he was principal of Washington Hall Institute, Trappe, Pa., since which time he has been principal of the schools at Wedgefleld, S. C. Eath, Mteon Oscar, son of the Eev. William and Christiana Elizabeth (Snyder) Eath, was born at Petersville, Northampton County, Pa., September 25, 1854. He received his preparatory training in Allentown Collegiate Institute and Military Acad- emy and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1872. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He took a post-graduate course in the Northwestern University, Water- town, Wisconsin, 1872-74. In the fall of 1874 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1877. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, May 30, 1877. He held the position of assistant to his father until the death of the latter, when he became his father's successor as pastor of several congregations in the vicinity of Allentown. He was a member of the Allentown School Board, 1884-87, and school director since 1889. Eaub, Eranois Dimminick, son of Samuel and Mary A. Eaub, ■was born at Eaubsville, Northampton County, Pa., September 10, 1850. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College; entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literarj^ Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After graduation he taught school two years in Phillipsburg, N. J., and since 1876 he has been engaged in teaching in the schools of Allentown : secondary school, 1876-78 ; high school since 1878. He was elected principal of the schools of Allen- town in the fall of 1890 for a term of three years. He married Sue Heil, of Warren County, N. J., in 1876. Eatjsch, John Charles, son of Frederick and Anna Mary Eausch, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 21, 1867. He pre- pared for college in the public schools of Allentown, 1882-86 ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890, with BIOGRAPHICAL. 357 second honor and Butler Analogy prize. He received the Ger- man prize during his Freshman year, and honorable mention in the contest for the Junior oratorical prize. He was member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He was census enumerator for the district comprising Muhlenberg College, 1890. He en- tered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Phila- delphia, in the fall of 1890, and will graduate in 1893, when he expects to enter the ministry of the Lutheran Church. Eeheig, Wilson Meter, son of G-ideon and Susan Eehrig, was born in East Penn Township, Carbon County, near Lehigh- ton. Pa., N'ovember 16, 1853. He prepared for College in the Lehighton Academy and in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1875 and grad- uated in 1879. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1882. On June 5, of the same year, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Immediately after his ordination he located at Girardville, Pa., where he organized a mission, and when he resigned his pastor- ate, in 1887, he had gathered a self-sustaining congregation of more than three hundred members. Since 1887 he has been pastor of a parish in Mercer County, near Greenville, Pa., where he is meeting with similar success. He was " acting" German professor in Thiel College for half a year, and is at present a member of the Board of Education of the Pittsburg Synod, and secretary of the Northern Conference of the Synod. He took a post-graduate course and graduated in 1892, with the de- greeof Ph.D. He married Margaret English, February26, 1884. Eeichabd, Noah Webster, son of Joseph and Seraphina Eeichard, was born in Upper Mount Bethel Township, North- ampton County, Pa., December 23, 1857. He prepared for College in Trach's Academy, Easton, Pa., 1878-79; entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He taught the classics in Trach's Academy, Easton, Pa., 1882-84. He took up the study of medicine, after retiring from the Academy, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, April 5, 1887, 358 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. with the degree of M. D. He is engaged in the practice of his profession at Bangor, Pa. Eeinoehl, Frank Henry, son of George H. and Mary A. Eeinoehl, was born at Lebanon, Pa., February 7, 1862. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Leb- anon, graduating from the High School in 1878, entered College in the fall of 1878, and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and of Phi Gramma Delta Fraternity. Since 1882 he has been engaged as receiving teller in the "Valley National Bank, Lebanon, Pa. Eeinoehl, John Krause, son of George H. and Mary A. (Krause) Eeinoehl, was born in Lebanon, Pa., August 3,' 1858. He prepared for college in Swatara Institute, Jonestown, Pa., 1874-75 ; entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia, graduating March 15, 1882, with the degree of M. D. He opened an office in his native place and has met' with suc- cess in the practice of his profession. He was a member of the Board of Health of Lebanon, 1885-86, 1890-91 ; secretary of the Board of the United States Examining Surgeons since July, 1889 ; and coroner's physician, 1883-85, 1889-91. He married Emma M. Dillon, November 27, 1884. Eeiter, Daniel Henry, son of Daniel and Edith (Weidner) Eeiter, was born in Upper Hanover, Montgomery County, Pa., December 22, 1853. He received his preparatory training in Mount Pleasant Seminary, Boyertown ; Washington Hall, Trappe ; Ursinus College, Collegeville, 1873 ; and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1874. He entered College in the fall of 1874 and graduated in 1878. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and gradu- ated in 1881. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry of the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, and immediately afterwards assumed the duties as pastor of several Lutheran congregations in and near Eichland Centre, Pa., which he still serves. He has met with success in the ministry. He is the editor of a parish BIOGRAPHICAL. 359 paper, published for a number of parishes in Bucks and Mont- gomery counties. He married Emma C. Gross, March 27, 1883. * Eeiter, Hoeaoe, son of Franklin and Catharine (Neidig) Eeiter, was born at Upper Hanover, Montgomery County, Pa., February 27, 1861. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1877-78 ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary in the fall of 1882, with a view of pre- paring forthe ministry in the Lutheran Church, but failing health compelted him to leave the institution. In October, 1883, he went to Nebraska, and taught school for some time, but in the fall of 1887 he returned to his home in Pennsylvania and died on May 3, 1888, aged twenty-seven years, two months, and four days. Eeitz, James Jeeeerson, son of Benjamin and Leah Eeitz, was born at Lynnport, Lehigh County, Pa., December 13, 1859. He received his preparatory training in Lynn Classical School, 1876-78 ; Edinborough Normal School, 1878 ; and Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, 1879-80 ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and the College Missionary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. During the summer of 1886 he attended Dr. "W. E. Harper's Summer School of He- brew in Philadelphia, finishing the elementary and intermediate courses, and afterwards pursued other courses by correspond- ence. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lu- theran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in 1887, aid shortly after his ordination became pastor of the Cherry- ville Parish, which position he now holds. He married Ada J. Fallweiler, of Tamaqua, Pa., March 12, 1889. Eeter, Elmer Oscar, son of Aaron and Christiana Eeyer, was born in Lehigh Township, Northampton County, Pa., June 14, 1865. He entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886, receiving honorable mention for his standing in his class at graduation. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary So- ciety. He was business manager of The Muhlenberg, 1885-86. After graduation he studied law under the direction of Hon. O. 360 MUHLENBERG COLLE&E. H. Meyers, ex-judge of the Third Judicial District, Baston, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar October 15, 1889. He opened an ofiBee at Steuiton, Pa., where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. *Ehodes, George H., was born at Williamsburg, Pa., Janu- ary 14, 1847. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College 1867-68, entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1868, and graduated in 1872. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1875. May 26, of the same year, he was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the X/utheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. During his stay at Allentown he helped to organize First Ward Sunday-school, and was its superintendent in 1871-72. After his ordination he located at Sand Cut, Wayne County, Pa., where he organized a Lutheran congregation and built a church. He also organized a Lutheran congregation at Clifton, a small town near his place of residence. He was an active and faithful laborer, and was willing to un- dergo many self-denials in order to make his work a success. The disease from which he suffered in his youth (necrosis), and which had lamed him for life, together with the exposure ne- cessitated by his pastoral labors, soon made sad inroads on his strength, and at last proved fatal. He died April 2, 1881, and was buried, at his own request, by the side of the little church at Sand Cut, the monument of his self-denying labors. EicHARDS, John William, son of the Eev. Dr. Matthias Henry and Lorah (McClean) Eichards, was born near Phillips- burg, N. J., April 12, 1867. He received his preparatory train- ing in the public schools of Allentown, graduating in 1883 ; entered College in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1887, with second honor and German oration at graduation. He received honorable mention in the contest for the Botanical prize, 1884, the German prize in Sophomore, 1885, and Senior, 1886, and the Junior oratorical prize, 1886. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was assistant editor of The Muhlenberg, 1886. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated May 26, 1890. June 3, of the same year, he was BIOGRAPHICAL. 361 ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministeriuni of Pennsylvania. During his middle year in the Seminary he -was assistant editor of The Indicator, published by the students of the Theological Seminary. June 8, 1890, he took charge of St. John's Lutheran congregation, Sayre, Pa., ■where he is now laboring with much success. He contributed numerous articles, prose and poetry, to The Muhlenberg, during his collegiate course, and is now an occasional contributor to The Lutheran, Philadelphia. He married Carrie S. Pfeiffer, of Allentown, Pa., September 15, 1890. EioKERT, William Henrt, son of Joseph and Hannah Rick- ert, was born at Coopersburg, Pa., June 4, 1844. He prepared for college in the Allentown Seminary ; entered Pennsylvania College in 1865, but in the fall of 1867, when Muhlenberg Col- lege was opened, he came with others to the newly-established institution, and entered the Senior Class. He was one of the four who graduated in 1868, the first graduating class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, and graduated in 1871. In June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. October, 1, 1871, he became pastor of St. Mark's (then Market Street) Lutheran Church, Williamsport, Pa., where he remained until January 1, 1886. Owing to bronchial troubles he was compelled to retire for a time from the active duties of the ministry. He is at present located in Philadelphia. His health is so far re- stored that he is again able to preach, and is frequently called upon to supply pulpits for other clergymen. He married Liz- zie V. McKinstry, of McKinstry's Mills, Md., April 11, 1872. EiTTER, Edward Frederick, son of Ludwig Frederick and Elizabeth S. (Muench) Eitter, was born at Freemansburg, Northampton County, Pa., May 22, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1882-84 ; entered College in the fall of 1884, and graduated in 1888, with second honor divided with John M. Wenrich, and German oration at graduation. He received the second Ger- man oratorical prize at the end of Junior year, 1887. He was 24 362 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1892, when he entered the min- istry of the Lutheran Church, ordained by the Canada Synod, February 3, 1892, as pastor of Unionville parish, Ontario, Can- ada. During the scholastic year 1888-89 he was principal of the grammar school, Bernville, Pa., and during the j'ears 1889- 90 he was professor of languages in Fairview Academy, Brod- headsville, Monroe County, Pa. Bitter, Irwin Bean, son of Dr. Wathaniel and Anna L. Bit- ter, was born at Breinigsville, Pa., July 30, 1867. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg Col- lege; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890, receiving honorable mention for standing in his class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1890, and will graduate in 1893, when he expects to enter the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Bitter, Jeremiah Henry, son of Martin K. and Bebeeca (Tost) Bitter, was born in Salisbury Township, Lehigh County, near Allentown, Pa., August 27, 1858. He received his pre- paratory training in South Bethlehem High School, 1874-75, and Lehigh University, 1875-76. He taught school for several years, 1876-79. He entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1883. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1886. A few days after graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania. He was pastor at Masontown, Pa., 1886-88 ; at Venango, Pa., 1888-90 ; and at Shannondale since 1890, labor- ing with much success in his various pastorates. He married Bmeline M. Geissinger. BoDENBERGER, Preston Peter, son of Lewis B. and Sarah Ann (Trexler) Bodenberger, was born near Limeport, Lehigh County, Pa., December 13, 1867. He prepared for college in Perkiomen Seminary, Pennsburg, Pa., 1883, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College during several sessions in BIOGRAPHICAL. 363 1885-87 ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated June 18, 1891. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary- Society and College Missionary Society. During his collegiate course he occupied the positions of assistant editor and ex- change editor of The Muhlenberg. He is professor in a college at Charles City, Iowa. Boeder, Egbert Daniel, son of Charles M. and Maria C. Eoeder, was born at Allentown, Pa., March 2, 1862. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of Eeading and by private instruction in the classics under a tutor ; entered College in 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1885. June 2 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of a mission congregation in Norristown, Pa., where he is now laboring with success. EoTH, Alfred Joseph Peter, son of Peter and Magdalena Eoth, was born in Allentown, Pa., March 17, 1858. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1876. He entered the Sophomore Class in the fall of 1876 and graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. After graduation he studied music under Professor C. F. Herrmann, and is now organist of St. Matthew's Evan- gelical Lutheran Church, Allentown, Pa., and teacher of music. EoTH, David Luther, son of Lewis and Lydia (Buechle) Eoth, was born at Prospect, Butler County, Pa., October 25, 1847. He prepared for college in the Leechburg Institute, .1865-66, entered Thiel College, Greenville, Pa., and remained until 1871-72 ; came to Muhlenberg in the latter year, and grad- uated with his class in 1873. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1876. April 19, 1876, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, 1876-84 ; Butler, Pa., 1884-89 ; Albany, IST. Y., since 1889. He was commissioner of schools, Lunenburg County, N. S., 364 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1878-84. He is a frequent contributor to the various periodicals of the church. He has published " The Holy Communion, a Sermon," Philadelphia, 1877; "Our Schoolmaster," Halifax, N. S., 1880, second edition. Beading, Pa., 1881; " Acadie and the Acadians,'' Philadelphia, 1890. He is associate editor of the Young Lutheran, Utica, N. Y. EuMPLE, John Wilson, son of John and Catharine Eumple, was born in Iredell County, N. C, March 11, 1839. He pre- pared for college in North Carolina College, 1859-60, and' Pennsylvania College, 1865-66 ; entered Pennsylvania College in 1866, came to Muhlenberg in 1868, and graduated in 1870. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. His course from 1860-65 was interrupted by the Civil War. He was captain and quartermaster of the Forty-Second Eegiment of North Caro- lina troops, March 1, 1862-May 10, 1865. After serving four years in the Confederate army he came to Gettysburg, to enter Pennsylvania College, — the first man to come from the South to a Northern institution. After graduation from college he took up the study of theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1873. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church a few days after graduation. He was assistant pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, and pastor of Christ Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa., 1873-75 ; pastor of St. Luke's Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, 1875-80 ; commandant Granville Military Academy, New York, 1880-83 ; and professor of Natural Sciences in the Brooklyn Preparatory School, 1883-88. He was one of the orators on the occasion of the reopening of the Lutheran Theological Seminary after it had been enlarged and improved, February 10, 1873. He was editor of the North Gran- ville After Taps, 1880-83. He received the degree of Ph. D. from the Polytechnic College, New York, 1884. He married Mary Louise Denver, December 24, 1884. Sachs, William P., was born in Pennsylvania and received his preparatory training in the schools of Lancaster; he en- tered the Junior Class of College in the fall of 1888. At the close of the scholastic year he left the institution, but returned BIOGRAPHICAL. 365 again in the fall of 1890, and graduated in 1891. In the fall of 1891 he entered the Lutheran Concordia Theological Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., where he is pursuing a course in theology. Sadtler, Benjamin, son of the Eev. Dr. Benjamin and Caro- line E. Sadtler, was born at Baston, Pa., September 21, 1860. He prepared for college in Pennsylvania College, 1874-76 ; en- tered Muhlenberg in January, 1877, and graduated in 1880. He took a two years' post-graduate course in alma mater and at Frei- burg, Saxony, devoted his attention specially to chemistry, mineralogy, metallurgy, etc., receiving the degree of B. S. from his alma mater, and M. E. from Freiburg. Since 1884 he has been engaged as chemist-superintendent of Silver Crown Smelter, Wyoming ; with Pueblo Smelting and Eefining Company ; Col- orado Copper Company ; and now professor of Metallurgy and Mineralogy in Colorado State School of Mines, at Golden, Col. He married Mary A. Carpenter, September 12, 1889. He has contributed various articles on scientific subjects for the Ameri- can Chemical Journal, Baltimore, and Rocky Mountain Review, on Tin Smelting; reports on Coal, etc. He has published a book on Economic Mineralogy, and another one on Metallurgy. Sadtler, William Augustus, son of the Eev. Dr. Benjamin and Caroline B. Sadtler, was born at Lutherville, Md., March 19, 1864. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1877-79 ; entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1883, with first honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He was pro- fessor in the Northwestern University, Watertown, Wis., 1883-85. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1885, and graduated in 1888, inter- rupting his Seminary course in order to take one term at the Leipzic University, Germany. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in 1888. Immediately afterwards he took charge of St. Stephen's Lutheran congregation, Wilmington, Del., and served it until the latter part of the year 1890, when he resigned in order to devote some time to special study in the University of the City of New York, graduating in 1892 with th-e degree of Ph. D. In 1892 he organized an English Lutheran mission 366 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. in Chicago, 111., and received an appointment as professor in the Lutheran Theological Seminary of the same place. Saeqer, John Frederick, son of Jacob Henry and Emma (Schimpf) Saeger, was born in Allentown, Pa., November 4, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Liter- ary Society and Phi G-amma Delta Fraternity, Athletic Associa- tion, and Base-Ball Club. After graduation he went into the grain and milling business with his father, at Allentown, Pa. Sander, John, son of Jacob Michael and Sophia (Aderhold) Sander, was born in Lycoming Township, Lycoming County, near Cogan Station, Pa., l^ovember 3, 1850. He prepared for college in Lycoming County Normal School, Montoursville, Pa., 1870-72, and Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1872-73 ; entered College in the fall of 1873 and graduated in 1877, with second honor. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1877, and graduated in 1880. May 26 of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He became pastor of the First Evangelical Lutheran Church, Eidgway, Pa., June 1, 1880, and served it until August 15, 1885, when he accepted the professorship of German and Latin in Gustavus Adolphus Col- lege, St. Peter, Minn., which he still holds. Since August 28, 1886, he has been secretary of the faculty of Gustavus Adolphus "College. During his college course, he was for more than three years superintendent of St. Michael's Sunday-school, Allentown, and during his connection with the same it grew into a congregation, erected a church edifice, and called a pastor. It is now one of the strongest congregations in the city. He is an energetic worker in whatever sphere he may be placed. He married Lydia A. Whitman, of Lycoming, Pa., May 24, 1881. Sandt, Charles Ellwood, son of Philip and Matilda (Wot- tring) Sandt, was born at Stockertown, Northampton County, Pa., June 22, 1861. He prepared for college in the Kutztown Normal School, 1874, and in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1876 ; entered College in the fall of 1877 and gradu- BIOGRAPHICAL.' 367 ated in 1881. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1881, but was compelled to relin- quish his studies on account of ill-health, but later resumed them under the private instruction of the Eevs. Benjamin Sadtler, D.D., and George P. Spieker, D. D., AUentown, Pa., and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 2, 1885. After his ordination he was Eev. William Eath's assistant for a year, serving various congregations in Northampton County, since which time he has been pastor of the Freemansburg parish, consisting of Trinity Church at the latter place, St. John's in "Williams Township, and St. Mark's at Aineyville, the second of which he organized, and was instrumental in build- ing chui-ches for the latter two. He has met with success in his pastoral labors. He married Annie O. Fritzinger, daughter of Eev. Fritzinger, of Allentown, Pa., June 8, 1882. ScHAADT, Jacob Allen, son of David and Caroline Schaadt, was born near Ironton, in North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., January 6, 1862. He received his prejoaratory training in the public schools of Allentown ; entered College in the fall of 1877 and graduated June 30, 1881. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation he took a course in Blaekman's Business College, Allentown ; later he was clerk in Davis' mercantile agency, Allentown ; Cook's furniture store, Baston; in a wholesale grocery store, at the same place ; and in his brother's law-office, Allentown. During all this time he occupied his spare time in cultivating his talent for drawing and sketching. In connection with his drawing he experimented in wood-engraving until he was proficient in it. In 1885 he obtained employment with the Philadelphia News, and his caricatures and sketches soon attracted atten- tion. Since 1887 he has worked for the New York World, Texas Siftings, Philadelphia Press, Puck, etc., and is now on the staff of the Philadelphia Times. His sketches and drawings are in demand among numerous periodicals. Schaadt, James Lawrence, son of David and Caroline S. Schaadt, was born in North Whitehall Township, Lehigh 368 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. County, Pa., December 21, 1856. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township, Allentown Seminary, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1874, with second honor. He received the German prize in Sophomore year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied law under Thomas B. Metzger, Esq., Allentown, and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County in April, 1878, and to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in February, 1881. He opened an office in Allentown, and has built up a good practice. He was county solicitor, January, 1888, to November 2, 1891, when he resigned ; first lieutenant and quartermaster of the Fourth Eegiment, National Guards of Pennsylvania, June 17, 1889, to December 27, 1890, since which time he has held the position of captain of Company B, Fourth Eegiment, National Guards of Penn- sylvania. He married Julia Leberman, of Philadelphia. ScHADT, Clinton Joseph, son of Thomas and Hannah Schadt, was born at "White Hall, Pa., March 8, 1864. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1882-83; entered College in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1887. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary So- ciety and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was associate editor of The Muhlenberg, September, 1885, to January, 1886 ; business manager, September, 1886, to June, 1887 ; and editor- in-chief, December, 1886, to June, 1887. He received the Bo- tanical prize in Sophomore year. He took a course in medi- cine in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and graduated May 1, 1890, and is now resident physician in the German Hospital in the same city. Schadt, Oliver George John, son of Moses B. and Lucinda B. Schadt, was bom at Mechanicsville, near Allentown, Pa., May 23, 1858. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1875. He entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1878. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary So- ciety. He took special courses in the University of Paris and in the International Academy of Languages, Paris, France. BIOGRAPHICAL. 369 He was principal of the Bethlehem Academy, 1879-81 ; prin- cipal of Odeon College of Languages at Paris, 1882 ; resident preceptor in the family of Count Alexis P. Bobrinsky, and secretary to the late Czar Alexander II., at St. Petersburg, Russia, during the year 1882 ; professor of Ancient and Modern Languages in the Germantown Academy, Philadelphia, Sep- tember 1, 1884-87; professor, of Ancient and Modern Lan- guages in Eastburn's Select School, Philadelphia, September 1, 1887-90 ; and principal of Temple Academy, Philadelphia. He also gives private instruction in French, German, Latin, Greek, and mathematics, in preparing young men for college, 1890-91 ; and since 1891 founder and head master of the English and Classical Select School for Yoimg Men, Philadel- phia. He has received high testimonials from Count Bobrin- sky and educators in this and other countries, by whom he is regarded as an instructor of special excellence. He has pub- lished "French Grammar Charts" and a "New Natural Method." He married Eleanor Miller, M. D., May 30, 1885. He is a member of the Schoolmasters' Association of Philadelphia, Ethnographical Society at Paris, the Modern Language Associ- ation of America, and vice-principal of the Association Inter- nationale de Professeurs. ScHABFrER, Geoege James, son of James and Maria Schaeffer, was born at Emaus, Lehigh County, Pa., January 22, 1858. He received his preparatory training in Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1876-79, and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1879-80 ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated May 30, 1887. June 7, in the same year, he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, since which time he has been pastor of several Lutheran congregations in and near Eichfield, Pa. He married Sarah Ella Burns, of Eichfield, Pa., November 1, 1888, the editor of this volume performing the ceremony. Schaeffer, Martin Gratbill, son of Martin E. and Caroline Schaefi'er, was born at Bareville, Lancaster County, Pa., July 370 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 30, 1867. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1884-86 ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890, receiving honorable men- tion for his standing in class. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied law under lawyer Brubaker, Lancaster, and expects to be admitted to the Bar in 1893. He was one of the editors of The Muhlenberg in 1890. SoHAiD, John George, son of Caspar and Christiana Doro- thea Schaid, was born at Lonaconing, Md., July 31, 1846. He received his preparatory training in the parochial school in connection with the German Lutheran Church at Cumberland, Md., Lock Haven, Pa., and Cumberland Academy; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1872. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He received the Sophomore prize for the best German oration, 1870. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1875. Shortly after graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor of the German Lutheran congregation, Knoxville, Tenn., 1875-87 ; president of North Carolina College, Mount Pleasant, N. C, 1887-89 ; professor of Latin and German in Concordia College, Conovei', N. C, since 1889, and pastor of Concordia Lutheran congregation at the same place. He was president of the Holston Synod, 1879, secretary of Synod, and president and secretary of Conference a number of times. He made a trip to Europe in 1878. He published an essay entitled " Lu- ther's Translation of the Bible," New Market, Ya., 1882, He married Annie Stansill, June 23, 1881. ScHANTZ, Henry Franklin, son of the Eev. F. J. F. and Cordelia S. (Saeger) Schantz, was born at Myerstovvn, Pa., Sep- tember 11, 1869. He received his preparatory training in- Pala- tinate College, at his native place, 1876-85 ; entered College in the fall of 1885 and graduated in 1888. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fra- ternity. He studied medicine in Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1891, with the degree of M. D. BIOGRAPHICAL. 371 He was located at Alloona, Pa., where lie held the position of assistant to Dr. H. J. Evans, April to December, 1891. In the following year he pursued a special course of study in diseases of the eye, ear, etc., in the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, and at the Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. ScHEFrER, John Amos, son of William and Priscilla (Kribbs) Scheffer, was born in Beaver Township, Clarion County, Pa., June 17, 1846. He received his preparatory training in Salem Select School, Leechburg, and Emlenton Academy, during the years 1864^70 ; entered College September 1, 1870, and gradu- ated in 1872. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He was Junior tutor during his Senior year. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and gradu- ated in 1875. He was ordained to the office of the ministry by the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council, March 28, 1875. He was pastor of the Manor parish, Westmoreland County, Pa., 1875-76 ; missionary pastor, chiefly at his own expense, in Nova Scotia, 1876-85, during which time he labored earnestly and faithfully, at great personal sacrifice, until he had established a self-sustaining parish. He was treasurer of the Nova Scotia Conference, 1878-85, and commissioner of public schools for Lunenburg County, 1881-85, the date of his removal to Allentown, where he now resides. He has con- tributed numerous articles to the various periodicals of the church, chiefly, however, to Church Messenger, of which he has been business manager and associate editor since 1886. In 1891 he furnished some material for Eov. D. Luther Eoth's " Acadie and Acadians," translating some of the material from old German manuscripts. He married Binie E. Seibert, of Allentown, Pa., June 5, 1883. ScHEiDY, Geoege Morris, SOU of Enoch and Eebccca (Wen- rich) Scheidy, was born in Upper Tulpehocken Township, Berks County, Pa., August 19, 1860. He prepared for college in the Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, Pa., 1880-81 ; entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied 372 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887. A few days after graduation he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, and took charge of the Eose Bay parish, in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia,' which he served for three and a half years. During his pastorate in E"ova Scotia he built a church, and paved the way for another new church. He is, at present, pastor of St. Mark's Mission, Hyde Park, Scran ton. Pa. ScHEiREK,, Oscar Stlvester, son of Adam and Caroline (Bortz) Scheirer, was born at Egypt, Lehigh County, Pa., May 17, 1862. He prepared for college in the Kutztown Normal School, and by study under private instruction. He entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated in 1888. He received the German prize in the Sophomore year. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1891. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, May 26, 1891, and immediately afterwards took charge of several Lutheran congregations at and near Lickdale, Lebanon County, Pa. He married Annie L. Kuhns, of Chap- man's Station, Pa., May 28, 1891. ScHETTLER, George Elie, SOU of John and Elizabeth Schet- tler, was born at Clarence Centre, N. Y., January 15, 1863. He prepared for college in the Northwestern University, Watertown, Wis., 1881-82, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1882-83 ; entered College in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1887. He was a member of the Sophro- nian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary in the fall of 1887 and graduated in 1890. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of New York, June 15, 1890, since which time he has been pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Hornellsville, N. Y. He married Ella Eshleman, of Clarence Centre, N. Y., October 2, 1890. SoHLENKER, James Oliver, son of Eeubcn and Annie (Fisher) Schlencker, was born in Greenwich Township, Berks County, Pa., June 10, 1861. He prepared for college in Perkiomen BIOGRAPHICAL. 373 Seminary, Pennsburg, Pa., 1877-78, and in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, 1878-79 ; entered College in the fall of the latter year and graduated June 25, 1883. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1886, and was ordained to the oifiee of the min- istry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, June 22, 1886. He was pastor of the Lutheran congre- gation at Tamaqua, and two congregations in the country, 1886-90, and of the Lutheran congregation at Hazleton, Pa., since 1890. He married Mary D. Kolb, of Tamaqua, Pa., May 24, 1887. ScHMEHL, Adam Heckman, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Heckman) Schmehl, was born in Beading, Pa., May 15, 1852. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Eeading and under private instruction; entered College in the fall of 1871 and graduated in 1874. He was a member of the Euter- pean Literary Society. After graduation he took up the study of law, and was admitted to the Bar, January 6, 1876. He opened an oflSce in Eeading, and has met with success in the practice of his profession. He married Katie Parker Lanigan, of Pottsville, Pa. Schmidt, I^elson Feederick, son of the Eev. John Henry and Anna Louisa Schmidt, was born at Trevorton, Northumber- land County, Pa., December 11, 1866. He prepared for college under the instruction of his father, and in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, spending the scholastic year 1881-82 in the latter ; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated June 24, 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He pursued a course in theology in the Luthei'an Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1889. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 16, 1889, since which time he has been located at Schwenksville, Pa., as pastor of several Lutheran congregations. He married Eva A. Sweitzer, of AUentown, Pa., June 19, 1890. ScHMTJCKER, Samuel CHRISTIAN, SOU of the Ecv. Dr. Beale Melanchthon and Christiana Maria (Pretz) Schmucker, was 374 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. born at Easton, Pa., December 18, 1860. He received his pre- paratory training in the schools of Eeading, graduating from the High School in 1877 ; entered College in the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1882, with second honor. At the end of his Junior year, 1880, he withdrew for one year on account of failing health, but returned in the fall of 1881, and graduated the following year, as already stated. He received one-half of the German prize in Sophomore year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He took a post-graduate course in alma mater in Chemistry, and graduated in 1884 with the degree of B. S., and a non-resident post-graduate course in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1890. He received the degree of M. S. from alma mater in 1891. He was professor of Natural Sciences in Carthage College, Carthage, 111., 1883- 84 ; professor of Natural Sciences in Boys' High School, Eead- ing, Pa., 1884-89, since which time he has held the same position in the Indiana State Normal School, Indiana, Pa. He married Kate E. Weaver, of AUentown, Pa., December 29, 1885. ScHOCK, Emerson Fkanklin, son of Jesse and Eebecca Schock, was born in Centre Township, Berks County, Pa., August 1, 1853. He received his preparatory training in Bern- ville High School, 1870-73 ; Union Business College, Eeading, Pa., 1873-74 ; and Academic Department of Muhlenberg Col- lege, 1874 ; entered College September 1, 1874, and graduated June 27, 1878. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. After graduation he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, with a view of preparing himself for the oflfice of the ministry, but after studying theology for four months he took up the study of law under the direction of Hon. A. B. Longaker, AUentown, Pa., and June 5, 1882, was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County. He opened an ofiice in AUentown, and has established a lucrative practice. He was alderman of the Fourth ward, AUentown, August 23, 1882-May 3, 1885. He married Mary B. Bortz, of AUentown, Pa., May 1, 1880. Schock, George Benjamin, was born at Hamburg, Berks County, Pa., February 12, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College BIOORAPHIGAL. 375 in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He took a course in law, and was admitted to the Lebanon County Bar in 1883. Shortly after his admission to the Bar he formed a copartnership in the practice of law with Thomas H. Capp, Esq., of Lebanon, Pa., constituting the firm of Capp & Schock. The subject of this sketch was solicitor of the borough of Lebanon, 1886-87, and of the city of Lebanon from the time of its incorporation as a city, 1887-90. He was chair- man of the Republican City Committee of the city of Lebanon, 1888-90. He married Emma J. linger, of Allentown, 1883. ScHOENER, William Francis, son of John Andrew and Mary Elizabeth (Balliet) Schoener, was born at Lewistown, Schuyl- kill County, Pa., October 18, 1859. He received his prepara- tory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School, May 15, 1879 ; entered College in the fall of the same year and graduated in 1883. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, gradu- ating June 15, 1886, and on June 22 was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in the same year. On July 4, 1886, he became pastor of St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church, South Beth- lehem, Pa., a position which he still holds. He married Alice A. Laros, June 9, 1887. * Seaman, Charles Schock, son of Solomon and Elizabeth (Schock) Seaman, was born in Upper Bern Township, Berks County, Pa., July 24, 1854. He received his preparatory train- ing in the public schools of his native township, Hamburg High School, and by private instruction ; entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1879, with first honor and valedic- tory. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1882, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church a few days after graduation. He was pastor of the English Lutheran congregation at Eenovo, Pa., 1882, the date of its organization, until January, 1886 ; pastor at Adams- 376 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. burg, Pa., 1886-89. He died of typhoid fever, at Adamsburg, September 7, 1889, and his remains were interred at Allentown. He was married to Alice M. "Weber, of Allentown. Seaman, Geokge Schock, son of Solomon and Elizabeth (Schock) Seaman, was born in Upper Bern Township, near Hamburg, Berks County, Pa., May 20, 1856. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township, in the Hamburg High School, and by private in- struction ; entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1879, with second honor and Latin Salutatory. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1879, graduated in 1882, and was ordained to the oflSee of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, a few days after graduation. He was pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Blizabethtown, Pa., 1882-89, and since January 1, 1890, he has been pastor at Adamsburg, Pa., serving the parish of which his brother was pastor at the time of his death. He married Emily S. Eoth, of Allentown, Pa. Seidle, Ira Emmanuel, son of Charles H. and Kate A. (Nothstein) Seidle, was born at Normal Square, Carbon County, Pa., December 11, 1869. He prepared for college in Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa., and Normal Institute, Normal Square, Pa., 1885-86 ; entered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated in 1890. He received the Sophomore Botanical prize. He was a member of the Eutei'pean Literary Society, Pranklin Eeading-Eoom Association, College Mission- ary Society, and Athletic Association. After graduating from Muhlenberg College he entered the Senior Class at Yale Uni- versity, New Haven, Conn., and graduated in 1891. He is engaged in the study of law. Seip, Frank Muhlenberg, son of the Eev. Dr. Theodore L. and Emma Elizabeth (Shimer) Seip, was born at Allentown, Pa., September 20, 1868. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown and in the Academic Department ' of Muhlenberg; entered College in the fall of 1883 and grad- uated in 1887. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary BIOGRAPEICAL. 377 Society ; was editor-in-chief, elected by his Society during his Senior year, and received honorable mention at graduation for standing in his class. He studied theology in the Luthei-an Theological Seminarj-, Philadelphia; graduated May 1, 1890, and May 3 was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Shortlj' afterwards he became assistant pastor of Salem Lutheran Church, Lebanon, having charge of the missions at Cornwall and in Lebanon, organizing the former September 28, 1890, ■with fifty members, and the latter February 17, 1891, with eighty members. On September 1, 1891, the mission in North Lebanon numbered more than one hundred and fifty, and be- came self-supporting, electing the missionary as its pastor. He married Elizabeth C, daughter of Eev. S. A. K. Francis, Phil- adelphia, December 3, 1890. Seip, Howard Shimer, son of the Eev. Theodore L. and Emma E. Seip, was born at Bath, Pa., September 17, 1866. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College September 1, 1881, and graduated June 25, 1885. He divided the Sophomore botanical prize with D. E. Brunner. He was a member of the Euter- pean Literary Society. He took a course in the Dental De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1887, with the degree of D.D.S. He opened an office in Allentown, Pa., and in the course of a few years suc- ceeded in establishing an excellent practice. He was president of the Alumni Association of the Dental Department of the University, 1889-90. He read a paper before the Alumni As- sociation of the University of Pennsylvania on the subject of " Dental Associations," and at the last meeting of the Susque- hanna Dental Association, May, 1892, he was elected president of the Association. He married Anna B. Anewalt, of Allen- town, Pa., April 15, 1890. Seneker, Hiram Frederick Josiah, son of James King and Leonora (Armentrout) Seneker, was born in Bristol, Sullivan County, Tenn., Februaiy 15, 1863. He took a regular course in Keystone State JSTormal School, Kutztown, Pa., graduating in 1886. He entered College November 1, 1887, and graduated 25 378 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. June 18, 1891. He received the Alumni prize for the best oration in the Junior oratorical contest, 1890. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He was literary editor of The Muhlenberg, January 1 to June 25, 1890, and editor-in-chief of the same January 1 to June 18, 1891. He is now engaged in the study of theology in Mt. Airy Seminary. * Shanor, Wilbert p., son of Absalom and Mary Shanor, was born at Prospect, Butler County, Pa., January 16, 1855. Having finished the course in the public schools of his native place, he received his preparatory training in Conoquenes- sing Academy, Zelienople, Pa., and Thiel College, Greenville, Pa., 1873-75 ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1875, and graduated in 1877, with honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation his health did not permit him to continue his studies in the Theological Seminary, as he had contemplated, so he spent three years at home, studying theology privately, as his health permitted. In the fall of 1880, his health having been re- stored, he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, graduated in 1881, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Pittsburg Synod, June 9 of the same year. He was pastor in Allegheny, Pa., July 3, 1881-87, being compelled to resign on account of ill health. He, however, accepted a call as missionary in Salt Lake City, Utah, but could endure the work only a short time. He died on his way home, at North Platte, Neb., November 21, 1889. He married Annie Heckel, Allegheny, Pa., December 2, 1886. Shetler, Daniel Atjgtistus, son of Daniel and Alamanda Shetler, was born in Eeading, Pa., May 12, 1856. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg Col- lege ; entered College in the fall of 1874 and graduated in 1878. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the ministry of the Lutheran Church May 18, 1882, and has been pastor of Lutheran congregations at Saddle Eiver, N. J., 1882-86; Shenandoah, Pa., 1886-88; Nokomis,, 111., 1888-91; Quincy, 111., since 1891. He married Ella Dew-* snap, June 19, 1885. Shimer, Edgar Dubs, son of James Oliver and Elmira BIOGRAPHICAL. 379 Darinda Shimer, was born at Shimersville, N^orthampton County, Pa., February 25, 1853. He received bis preparatory training in Schwartz's Academy, Betblebem, Pa., 1868, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1869-70 ; entered College in the fall of 1870 and graduated in 1874, di- viding first honor with Oscar E. Holman, and being assigned valedictorian of the class, and receiving the gold prize in ora- tory. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and of Phi G-amma Delta Fraternity. After his graduation, he studied languages and theology under the Eev. Dr. B. F. Moldenke, of New York, for some time. He received the degree of Ph. D. from his alma mater, 1887. He was assistant teacher in Grammar School 'So. 42, New York City, 1875-78 ; of ISTo. 1, 1878-81 ; and of No. 20, 1881-87 ; since which time he has been associate professor of Pedagogy in the University of New York. He is one of the founders of the Pedagogical Society of young men in New York City known as " The Braile." He delivered the Alumni Address at Muhlenberg, 1883, and a lecture in the special course of lectures for the Senior Class, 1886. He has published "The Profession of Teaching," New York, 1889 ; " The Training of Teachers in Austria," translation. New York, 1889 ; " The Possibilities and Limitations of Manual Training in the Public Schools of New York City," Albany, N. Y., 1889 ; besides many newspaper and magazine articles on educational topics. He married Mary C. Hannum, August 29, 1876. Shimer, Joseph Paul, son of Hiram S. and S. Bmma Shimer, was born in Allentown, Pa., March 2, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1887 and graduated in 1891. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Smeltzer, John Mter, son of Blijah and Mary Ann Smeltzer, was born at Frystown, Berks County, Pa., December 30, 1848.' He prepared for college in Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa., 1871-72 ; entered advanced Freshman Class, January 1873, and graduated in 1876. He was a member of the Buterpean Lit- erary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, 380 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Philadelphia, in the fall of 1876, but after a few months he left and entered into secular business, in which he has since con- tinued. His present residence is at Myerstown, Pa. He mar- ried Ada V. Miller, June 1, 1878. Smith, Oliver Petee, son of Frederick and Mary Smith, was born at Tripoli, Lehigh County, Pa., September 4, 1848. He prepared for college in the Allentown Collegiate Institute and Military Academy; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, being one of its founders. He studied the- ology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1874, and was ordained to the office of the min- istry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, a few days after his graduation. He was pastor of the Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, Pa., and two congrega- tions in the vicinity, 1874-89, since which time he has been pastor of the Church of the Transfiguration, Pottstown, Pa. During his pastorate at Trappe the church was remodelled at a cost of seven thousand dollars, a new church was built at Limerick, Pa., at a cost of ten thousand dollars, and one at Schwenksville, Pa., at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars. Since he has taken charge of the congregation in Pottstown, the church has been remodelled and the church property im- proved, at a considerable cost, and a fine parsonage has been built. During his residence at Trappe he was professor of German in Washington Hall Institute, 1874-89. He was president of the First District Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania 1890-92, and secretary of the Board of Directors of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia. He married Mary Matilda Hobson, October 21, 1886. Smith, Eobeet Morris, son of George Quincy Franklin and Marj^ Ann Smith, was born at Altamanta, Northampton County, Pa., January 25, 1862. He prepared for college in Trach's Academy, Easton, Pa., spending the years 1878-80 in that institution, and graduating in the latter year; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1883. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and a charter BIOGRAPHICAL. 381 member of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. After gradu- ating from College he held the prineipalship of " Mission Yalley Institute," Mission Valley, Victoria County, Texas, for one year, when he resigned in order to devote himself to the study of theology. Before returning North, he travelled over the greater portion of Texas and the northern part of Mexico. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1884, graduated May 31, 1887, and was ordained to the ofiSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 7 of the same year. Dur- ing his seminarj'- course he was for two years, 1885-87, assistant to the Eev. S. A. K. Francis, pastor of Holy Trinity Church, Philadelphia ; and since bis ordination he has been the success- ful pastor of the Baden parish, in Beaver County, Pa. He married Minnie Balliet Trumbower, October 13, 1887. Smoll, Edwin Harrison, son of the Eev. Benneville S. and Kate Ann Smoll, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 2, 1861. He prepared for college in Perkiomen Seminary, Pennsburg, Pa., 1876-78 ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated June 29, 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated May 26, 1885, and was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 2 of the same year. He was pastor at Millersville, Pa., 1885-88, since which time he has been pastor at Schuylkill Haven, Pa. He was married to Mada A. Weaver, October 2, 1890. Sntdeh, Charles Clinton, son of Simon H. and Lydia Ann Snyder, was born at Sellersville, Bucks County, Pa., October 23, 1866. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1887 and graduated June 18, 1891. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. In the fall of 1891 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and expects to graduate in 1893, and then enter the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Snyder, Harry Schindel, son of George J. and Martha M. Snyder, was born at Allentown, Pa., February 4, 1869. He 382 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1885-86 ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and grad- uated in 1890. He v?as a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. After his gradu- ation he took a course in Hahnemann Medical College, Phila- delphia, and will graduate in 1893. Snyder, John Jeremiah, son of George J. and Martha M. Snyder, was born at Allentown, Pa., December 7, 1865. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allen- town and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered College in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied law under the preceptorship of Hon. Edward Harvey, Allentown, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County in No- vember, 1888. He is engaged in the practice of his profession in his native place. Snyder, William P., son of John and Susan Harriet Snyder, was born at Snydersville, Lehigh County, Pa., May 25, 1851. He prepared for college in Millersville Normal School, 1865-66, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1867-68 ; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1872. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After his graduation he read law with Hon. Eobert B. Wright, Allen- town, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar at Allentown in 1874. He established a successful law practice at Allentown ; but some years since removed to Philadelphia, where he is at present engaged in the practice of his profession. He has held various positions of honor and trust, among which was that of special assistant attorney-general of the United States, 1883-84, and has plead a number of important cases in the various courts of the United States. He married Louisa E. Hausman, of Allentown, Pa., January 2, 1876. Steckel, Egbert Whitfield, son of William E. and Marie B. Steckel, was born at Nazareth, Pa., November 28, 1860. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College ; entered College September 2, 1876, and graduated June 25, 1880. He received the Senior oratorical prize at BIOGRAPHICAL. 383 graduation. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He is engaged in mercantile business in Allentown, and has met with success. Stine, Edwin Henry, son of Henry and Catharine Stine, was born in Upper Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pa., September 5, 1854. He prepared for college in Freeland Sem- inary, 1869, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1870 ; entered College September 5, 1871, and graduated June 28, 1875, with first honor. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He delivered the Master's Oration, as the representative of his class, in 1878. He studied law under Hon. Edward Harvey, at Allentown, and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, September 5, 1877. He opened an oflSce in Allentown and has established a good practice. He was elected prothonotary of Lehigh County in the fall of 1890, and entered upon the duties of his ofiice January 1, 1891. He married Minnie G-. Krause, of Allentown, Pa., September 10, 1878. Stine, Oscar Joseph, son of Henry and Catharine Stine, was born at Pogelsville, Lehigh County, Pa., August 8, 1859. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Allentown and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fra- ternity. He studied law under the instruction of his brother, E. H. Stine, Esq., Allentown, and was admitted to the Bar in 1886. He was engaged for some time in the practice of his profession, but for a number of years has been engaged in mercantile business. He has been treasurer of the Alumni Association of alma mater since 1888. Strasser, C. William T., son of Dr. Thomas A. and A. C. E. Strasser, was born at Macungie, Lehigh County, Pa., March 22, 1871. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1887 ; in the fall of the same year he entered the Freshman Class in College and graduated in 1891. He received the German prize in Junior year. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. In the fall of 1891 he entered the 384 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Lutheran Theological Seminary at Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and is taking a three years' course of theology with a view of entering the oflBce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. His piesent-home is at Allentown, Pa. Strodach, Henet Baptiste, was born at Landau, Bavaria, Germany, September 26, 1847. He received his preparatory training at Gettysburg, 1865-67 ; entered College in the fall of 1867 and graduated in 1871. He was one of the number of students coming from Gettysburg at the opening of the first session of the institution. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logioal Seminar}", Philadelphia, graduated in 1874, and was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in the same year. He was pastor at Dushore, Pa., 1874-75 ; Nor- ristown, Pa., 1875-82 ; Centre Square, Pa., 1882-83 ; Brooklyn, ]Sr. Y., since 1883. He married Mary L. Zeller, of Eeading, Pa. Stupp, Solomon Berger, son of William and Eebecca (Ber- gur) Stupp, was born in Bethel Township, Berks County, Pa., February 21, 1857. He prepared for college in the Kutztown Normal School and a private academy of the Eev. B. J. Koons, Jonestown, Pa. ; entered College in January of 1877 and graduated in 1880. He was a member of the Euterpean Lit- erary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1880, graduated in 1883, and in May of the same year he was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Luthei-an Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania. He was pastor of St. John's German Lutheran Church, Phillipsburg, N. J., 1883-85; Walmer's charge in Lebanon County, Pa., 1885-88 ; St. John's Lutheran Church, Phcenixville, Pa., 1888-89 ; since September, 1889, he has been pastor of the Pleasant Yalley parish, with his residence at Gilberts, Monroe County, Pa. He married Mentana R. Hoehle, of Eittersville, Pa., July 24, 1880, shortly after graduating from College. During his course in the Seminary she supported her- self and him by working at her trade as a dress-maker, a fact which deserves to be recorded in her favor as a true helpmate. The subject of this sketch organized parochial schools at BIOGRAPHICAL. 385 Phillipsburg and Phcsnixville, and built two parsonages. He is an active and successful pastor. SwoPE, Luther Albert, son of Bpbraim and Susan Swope, was born at Littlcstown, Pa., December 3, 1842. He prepared for college at Gettysburg, 1863-64; entered Pennsylvania College in 1864, and remained to the end of Junior year, 1867, when he helped to form the Senior Class in Muhlenberg, 1867, and graduated with the first graduating class, 1868. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After his graduation he spent one year in Union Theological Seminary, JSTew York Citj^, and one year at Harvard University. Since the close of his course at College he has devoted himself to teaching, especially preparing young men for Harvard Uni- versity. He is at present located in Gambier, Ohio. Thomas, Nathaniel Wiley, son of Samuel W. and Margaret Ann Thomas, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 7, 1861. He prepared for college in Eugby Academy, Philadelphia. 1872- 77 ; entered University of Pennsylvania in the fall of 1877 and graduated with the degree of B. S. in 1881. In the fall of 1881 he entered Muhlenberg to take a post-graduate course in analytical chemistry and mineralogy, and graduated in 1883 with the degree of Ph. D. for a more complete sketch of his life, see under the head of " Former Professors" on a preceding page of this volume. Trexler, Frank Mattern, son of Edwin W. and Matilda Trexler, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 9, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1876 ; in the fall of the same year he entered College and graduated in 1879, with second honor divided with George S. Seaman. He studied law and was admitted to the Bar April 10, 1882. He was solicitor for the city of Allentown, 1885-87, re-elected in 1887, and again re-elected in 1889. He married Jennie E. Shelling, of Allentown, Pa., JSTovember 7, 1889. Trexler, Horatio E., son of Horatio and Sarah Trexler, was born at Eeading, Pa., March 17, 1853. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the Collegiate Department in the fall of 386 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1868 and graduated in 1872. He has since then occupied the position of clei-k with a business firm in Reading, Pa. He married Sallie Miller, December 12, 1880. Uhler, Irwin Schooh, son of Richard and Sarah TJhler, was born May 21, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the Kutztown Normal School and Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College ; entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1883. He received the Junior oratorical prize in 1882. He studied law and was admitted to the Bar October 19, 1886. He is engaged in the practice of his profession at Baston, Pa. TJhrich, Frank H., son of Michael and Sarah Uhrich, was born at Myerstown, Pa. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and at Palatinate Col- lege at Myerstown ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1881. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1884, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 10 of the same year. He is at present engaged in teaching in his native place. Though not engaged in the active duties of the ministry, he takes an active part in church and Sunday- school work. Uhrich, Jacob "William, son of Daniel and Rebecca Uhrich, was born in East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Pa., July 6, 1865. He prepared for college in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, 1877-79 ; entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He is at present engaged as superintendent of farms, and resides near G-rantville, Dauphin County, Pa. In the fall of 1892 he was nominated for State Senator by the Democrats of Dauphin County. Uhrich, John Daniel, son of Daniel and Rebecca Uhrich, was born in Bast Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Pa., September 13, 1854. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native township. Palmyra Academy, and Swatara Institute ; entered College in the fall of 1872 and graduated in 1876. He was a member of the Buterpean Lit- BIOGRAPHICAL. 387 erary Society. He studied law undei" the instruction of Hon. Edwin Albright, now president judge of the Thirty-first Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Allentown, Pa., and was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County in January, 1879. He opened an oflSce in Allentown, and was engaged in the practice of his profession until 1887, when he became deputy pro- thonotary of Lehigh County under Jonas P. Kline, Esq., and continued to hold the same position for some time under the present prothonotary, E. H. Stine, Esq. * Uhrioh, John Michael, son of Michael and Sarah Uhrich, was born at Myerstown, Pa., August 14, 1848. He prepared for college in Palatinate College at his native place ; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1872. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1872, graduated in 1875, and a few days after graduation was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Pillow and several others near that place, 1875-82. He was president of the Fifth District Conference for several years. He was a successful pastor and an earnest laborer in the church. He died at Pillow, Pa., April 10, 1882, at the age of thirty-three years, eight months, and twenty-six days. He was married to Kate S. Eoney, of Allentown, Pa. Uhrich, Yalbntine Jacob, son of Valentine and Elizabeth Uhrich, was born in East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, near Grantville, Pa., October 6, 1862. He prepared for col- lege in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1879-80; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Praternity. He studied law under the instruction of Messrs. Miller and Keiser, Lebanon, Pa., and was admitted to the Lebanon County Bar, February 1, 1887. In March of the same year he opened an oflSce in Lebanon, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession. He is a member of the Democratic State Committee, and was chairman of the Lebanon County Committee for 1889, and was re-elected for 1890. 388 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Ulrich, George Eoland, son of John George and Cordilla (Gaugler) Ulrich, was born at Selinsgrovo, Snyder County, Pa., October 29, 1861. He received his preparatory training in Missionary Institute, Selinsgrove, Pa., graduating in 1886 ; entered the Junior Class in College, September 2, 1886, and graduated in 1888. He was a member of the Buterpean Lit- erary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, and the Col- lege Glee Club, being the leader of the latter. He was editor of The Muhlenberg, February to June, 1888. He took a course in dentistry in the Dental Department of the University of Penn- sylvania, and graduated May 1, 1891, with the degree of D. D. S. Shortly after his graduation he opened an office in his native place, and in a short time had established a success- ful practice of his profession. Ulrich, Samuel James, son of Benjamin and Angeline Ul- rich, was born at Selinsgrove, Snyder County, Pa., January 11, 1869. He received his preparatory training in Missionary In- stitute, Selinsgrove, Pa., graduating in 1888. He entered the Junior Class in College in the fall of 1888 and graduated in 1890. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1890, and will graduate in 1893, when he expects to enter the ministry' of the Lutheran Church. Umbenhen, John Henry, son of George and Sarah Umben- hen, was born at Myerstown, Lebanon County, Pa., March 6, 1861. He received his preparatory training in Palatinate Col- lege, Myerstown, 1874-78 ; entered College in the fall of 1878 and graduated in 1880. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1883, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, a few days after his graduation. He was pastor at Eeamstown, Pa., 1883-86 ; Mount Joy, Pa., 1886-90 ; since which time he has been Bng- lish assistant pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Pottsville, Pa. He was secretary of the Fourth District Conference of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1889, and resigned on BIOGRAPHICAL. 389 account of bis removal to Pottsville. He married Nettie Donges, of Myerstown, Pa., January 2, 1884. Upp, Jacob Quickel, son of George J. and Mary Upp, was born near York, Yorli County, Pa., May 21, 1847. He pre- pared for college under the instruction of the Eev. J. E. Groff^ at Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1869-70; entered College September 1, 1870, and graduated June 25, 1874. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lu- theran Theological Seminar}', Philadelphia, graduated May 22, 1877, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, May 30 of the same year. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Lutheran congregation at South Easton, Pa., a position which he still holds. During this time his con- gregation built a beautiful church. He married Catharine F. Eowe, of Mechanicsburg, Pa., June 7, 1877. Van Buskirk, George Miller, son of William A. and Sarah E. Yan Buskirk, was born at Pottstown, Montgomery County, Pa. He prepared for college at " The Hill School," Potts- town ; entered College in the fall of 1873 and graduated June 28, 1877. He was a member of the Sophronian Literarj' Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied law in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, graduating June 13, 1879, with the degree of LL. B., and afterwards opened an office in New York City, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. He married Annie S. Van Eeed, of New York City, September 1, 1887. Wagner, Charles Ernest, son of the Eev. Dr. Samuel G. and Eebeeea E. Wagner, was born in Montgomery County, Pa., October 10, 1864. He prepared for college in the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, 1877-80 ; entered the Col- legiate Department in the fall gf 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Part of the year 1885 he spent in travel in the South, in Florida, Louisiana, and other parts of the country ; in the fall of that year he entered the Theological Seminary of the Eeformed Church, Lancaster, Pa., and graduated in 1888 ; in June of the same year he was licensed to preach by the Lehigh Classis, 390 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and ordained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church on June 2, 1889. Since April 1, 1889, he has been as- sociated with his father as assistant pastor of St. John's Ee- formed Church, Allentown, Pa. During the last year of his college course he was editor-in-chief of The Muhlenberg, elected by his Society. At the opening of the fall session of the scholastic year (1891-92) he delivered the opening address on the subject of " The Ideal College Life," afterwards published in The Muhlenberg. In the fall of 1891 he entered the Uni- versity of Oxford, England, with a view of pursuing a two years' course of special studies, attending special lectures in the following colleges : Keble, Oriel, Corpus Christi, Balliol, etc. After the completion of his course of studies he expects to return to his post of duty in St. John's Church, Allen- town, Pa. Waidelich, John Henry, son of Michael Frederick and Sally Ann (Follweiler) Waidelich, was born at Steinsville, Lehigh County, Pa., March 17, 1860. He prepared for college in Steinsville Select School and Kutztown Normal School, spending two years in the latter institution (1879-80). He en- tered College September 6, 1882, and graduated June 25, 1886, receiving honorable mention at graduation for standing in his class and a German prize. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He was editor of The Muhlenberg in 1886. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1886, graduated June 11, 1889, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 17 of the same year. Im- mediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Sel- lersville parish, a position which he still holds. He taught public schools in Lehigh and Berks counties for five years prior to entering College, anc^ during his collegiate course, during vacations, he served as principal of Prospect Institute, Steinsville, Pa., preparing teachers for examination and young men for college. He married Alice S. Keller, July 4, 1889. , Warmkessel, Henet William, son of Thomas and Mary Annie (Merkel) Warmkessel, was born at Maxatawny, Berks County, Pa., May 22, 1862. He received his preparatory BIOGRAPHICAL. 391 training in the Kutztown Normal School, 1879-83; entered College in the fall of 1883 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1886, graduated in 1889, and shortly after graduation was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He supplied various parishes until the fall of 1890, when he took pastoral charge of Faith, Hope, and Peace Chapels, missions of Trinity Church, Beading, Pa. * Weaver, Harry Kurtz, son of Eichard and Hannah Weaver, was born at New Holland, Lancaster County, Pa., June 10, 1861. He prepared for college under the instruction of the Eev. John W. Hassler, of the s^me place ; entered Col- lege in the fall of 1882 and graduated in 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He began the study of theology under the instruction of his pastor, already mentioned ; but after a few months' study ill-health compelled him to discontinue his studies. He died at his native place, October 20, 1888, at the age of twenty-seven years, four months, and ten days. Weaver, Samuel Eichmond, son of Eli and Susan Weaver, was born at Earl, Pa., January 5, 1868. He prepared for col- lege in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; en- tered College in the fall of 1887 and graduated June 26, 1890, receiving honorable mention for standing in his class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He is studying law under the instruction of George Nauman, Esq., Lancaster, Pa., and expects to be admitted to the Bar in 1893. His present address is Lancas- ter, Pa. Weber, Adam Monroe, son of John and Salesa (Daniels) Weber, was born at Bernville, Pa., March 30, 1863. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the schools of Bernville and under the private instruction of Professor M. A. Gruber ('77) ; entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated June 25, 1885. He received a prize for the best German essay, in Senior year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, 392 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, Phi Gamma Delta Fra- ternity, College Grlee Club, and Athletic Association. He studied Theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1888, and was ordained to the office of the min- istry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, May 29 of the same year. He was pastor of the Eng- lish Mission congregation, Newark, N. J., February, 1889, to April, 1890 ; and since 1890 pastor of the Lutheran congrega- tion at Mount Joy, Pa. He married Alma M. Eentschler, April 21, 1883. * Weibel, George TnEOPHiLrs, son of Frederick and Fred- ericka Weibel, was born in Wimpfen, Duchy of Hesse-Darm- stadt, Germany, May 11, 1844. He came to this country, land- ing at Baltimore, Md., July 3, 1859, after having lost by death both his parents. He learned the trade of tailor and worked at that for some years. In March, 1862, he enlisted in the Sixtieth New York Volunteers and served to the close of the war, having been in the battle at Chancellorsville, with Sherman in his march to the sea, at Richmond, and was mustered out of service Julj', 1865, at Washington, D. C. He spent one year, 1867-68, in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1868 and graduated in 1872. He received the Junior oratorical prize in 1871. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1872, graduated in 1875, and was ordained to the office of the ministry, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, May 26 in the same year. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor at Palmj-ra, Pa., where he labored until 1877, when he was compelled to resign on account of ill-health. Having partly recovered, he went to Eochoster, Pa., as pastor of the Lutheran congregation there, and remained one year. In the spring of 1878 he became pastor at White Haven, Pa., but in the spring of 1880 he was prostrated by sickness and had to relinquish his labors. He died October 3, 1880, and was buried at Centre Church, Pa. He was secretary of the Fourth District Confer- eice of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1876-77. He was married to Anna S. Trabert, June 3, 1875. BIOGRAPHICAL. 393 Weicksel, Luther Melanchthon Conrad, son of the Eev. Henry and Angelina (Creager) Weicksel, was born in Venango County, Pa., April 30, 1853. He prepared for college in Thiel Hall, Philipsburg, Pa., 1867-69 ; entered College in the fall of 1869 and graduated in 1873. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1876, and was ordained to the office of the ministry, by the Pennsylvania Ministerium, June 2 of the same year. He was pastor at Goshen, Ind., 1876-83 ; labored as missionary in San Francisco, Cal., 1883-85 ; Goshen, Ind., 1886-87 ; Eenovo, Pa., since 1887. Weicksel, William, son of the Eev. Henry and Angelina (Creager) Weicksel, was born at Warren, Pa., March 29, 1863. He prepared for college in Thiel College, Greenville, Pa., 1879- 80, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1880-81 ; entered College September 1, 1881, and graduated June 25, 1885. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1888, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, May 29 of the same year. He became pastor at Shamokin, Pa., June 3, 1888, and labored there until 1890, since which time he has been pastor at Coudersport, Pa. Weidner, Eevere Franklin, son of William Peter and Eliza Ann (Blank) Weidner, was born at Centre Valley, Lehigh County, Pa., Ifovember 22, 1851. He received his preparatory training in Dr. Gregory's School, and Collegiate Institute and Military Academy, Allentown, Pa. ; entered College in the fall of 1867, being one of the first members of the first Junior Class, and graduated in 1869, having the Valedictory. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society. He was tutor in the Academic Department, 1868-70. He entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1870, graduated in 1873, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, in the same year. He was pastor at Phillipsburg, N. J., 1873-78; professor of English and History, Muhlenberg College, 1875-77 ; pastor in Philadelphia, 1878-82 ; since 1882 professor of Dog- 26 394 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. matics and Exegesis, Augustana Theological Seminary, Eock Island, 111.; since 1891, president of the Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary, and pastor of an English Lutheran con- gregation in the same city, still, however, retaining his connec- tion with Augustana Seminary ; and since 1887 also lecturer on English Bible and professor of New Testament Greek, Chautauqua, N. T. He spent the year 1884 in the Universi- ties of Upsala, Leipsic, and Berlin. He received the degree of D. D. from Carthage College, Carthage, 111., 1887. He married Emma Salome Jones, July 10, 1873. He has published the fol- lowing works : " Theological Encyclopaedia," three volumes? covering the entire system ; " Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testament," three volumes ; " Studies in the Book, Old and New Testament," seven volumes, covering the entire Bible; "Dogmatic Theology," two volumes; "Introductory New Testament Greek Method" and " Syntax of New Testament Greek," two volumes ; " Commentary on Mark" and " Commen- tary on Matthew;" "Luther's Small Catechism;" "Christian Ethics," etc. All these and other works have been prepared and published since 1885, and some of them have passed through several editions. For a more complete sketch, see sketches of " Former Professors." Weiskotten, Samuel George, son of the Eev. Frederick William and Anna C. Weiskotten, was born at Syracuse, N. T., December 16, 1863. He prepared for college in Syracuse High School, 1877-80 ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and grad- uated in 1884, with second honor. He received the prize for the best collection of minerals and also for best German thesis. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Col- lege Missionary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1884, graduated in 1887, and was ordained to the office of the ministry, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, in June of the same year. He at- tended Dr. Harper's Summer School in Hebrew, 1887. He organ- ized Trinity English Lutheran congregation, Jamestown, N. Y., in 1887, of which he is still pastor, and for which was erected a beautiful church edifice during the first few years of his pas- torate. His congregation is growing very rapidly. He pub- BIOQRAPBIGAL. 395 lishes a Jamestown edition of the Young Lutheran, a monthly cliiirch paper. Wenrioh, John Merkel, son of John and Elizabeth (Mer- kel) Wenrich, was born at Blainsport, Pa., June 17, 1863. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College, 1881-84 ; entered College in the fall of 1884 and graduated in 1888, with-second honor and the reception of the Butler Analogy prize. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1888, graduated in 1891, and was ordained to the oflflce of the ministry in the Luthei-an Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, May 26 of the same year. He is pastor at Stoutsville, Ohio. Werner, James Benton, son of Eeuben and Hannah Wer- ner, was born in Allentown, Pa., April 11, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown ; entered College in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890, di- viding third honor with William O. Fegley. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He entered the General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church, Chelsea Square, New York City, in the fall of 1890, and will graduate in 1893, when he expects to enter the ministry of the Episcopal Church. Wetzler, John Nicholas, son of John and Lydia Ann (Lenker) Wetzler, was born at Curtin, Dauphin County, Pa., July 8, 1853. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, in Berrysburg Seminary, and Muhlenberg Academic Department; entered College in the fall of 1875 and graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lu- theran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1882, and was ordained to the ofBce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church a few days after his graduation. He was pastor at Einggold, Pa., 1882-90, since which time he has been pastor at Beavertown, Pa. He married Clara !N". Walz, daughter of the Eev. P. Walz, Sellersville, Pa. Wise, Ira, son of James and Euselio Wise, was born in Allentown, Pa. He prepared for college in the Academic De- 396 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. partment of Muhlenberg College, 1874-79 ; entered the Fresh- man Class of College in the fall of 1879, and took the full collegiate course with his class until the spring of 1882, when he took a special course in analytical chemistry and mineralogy, graduating in 1884, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Pi-aternity. He has been chemist for the Coplay Cement Company since 1885. He married Emma M. Haag, March 1, 1888. WooDRiNG, James Daniel, son of John J. and Mary Ann Woodring, was born at Wescosville, Lehigh County, Pa., June 1, 1854. He prepared for college in Kutztown Normal School, 1871, 1873-75 ; entered College September 2, 1875, and graduated June 27, 1878, with first honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In November, 1878, he entered the ministry of the Evangelical Association. He was pastor at Freemansburg, Bethlehem, Philadelphia, Terre Hill, Reading, each three years. He was secretary of the East Penn Conference Missionary Society of the Evangelical Asso- ciation, 1888-91. He is now located at Reading, Pa. He married Margaret K. Hurst, September 6, 1887. Woodring, James Theodore, son of John and Susannah Woodring, was born at Hellertown, Pa., August 4, 1860. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, 1876-77; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1877 and graduated in 1881, with first honor. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He studied law and was admitted to the Bar of Northampton County June 19, 1885. He has been borough solicitor of Hellertown since 1886. * Woodward, Henry, was born at Wilkesbarre, Pa., Febru- ary 11, 1852. He prepared for college in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., 1866— 68 : entered Muhlenberg College in the fall of 1867, at the opening of the first session of the newly established College, and graduated in 1871. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied law in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the Bar in 1873. He was engaged in the practice BIOGRAPHICAL. 397 of his profession in Philadelphia, 1873-77, when he removed to Beading, Pa., where he died February 27, 1878, at the age of twenty-six years and sixteen days. Yehl, Blias Amandus, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Dor- ward), Yehl, was born in ISTorth Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., May 17, 1860. He prepared for college under the instruction of the Rev. J. S. Eenninger ; entered College in the fall of 1881 and graduated in 1885. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1888, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lu- theran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 1, 1888. Since his ordination he has been pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Coopersburg and several others near that place. He married Clara Louisa Kuhns, June 19, 1888. Teislet, Wilson, son of John and Susan (Arnst) Teisley, was born at Stroudsburg, Pa., May 26, 1851. He received his preparatory training at Millersville ISTormal School, 1872-73, and under the instruction of the Rev. George D. Poust ; en- tered College in the fall of 1876 and graduated in 1880. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phila- delphia, graduated May 15, 1883, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania, May 22 of the same year. He was pastor of the Bowerstown parish (Ohio), 1883-85, and since then of Stone Creek parish, with his residence at Baltic, Ohio. He was secretary of the Western Confei'ence of the Pittsburg Synod of the General Council, 1886-90. He married Fannie L. Roof, daughter of the Rev. J. A. Roof, Jewett, Ohio, June 21, 1887. Tingling, John James, son of H. B. and Bliza J. Tingling, was born at Allentown, Pa., November 19, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the public schools- of his native place, entered College on October 1, 1886, and graduated on June 26, 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Tost, Alfred John, son of Dr. Martin Lewis and Julia Tost, 398 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. was bora in South Bethlehem, Pa., August 13, 1870. He pre- pared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1884-86 ; entered the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1886 and graduated in 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He en- tered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia, September 23, 1890, and expects to gradu- ate in 1893, with the degree of M. D. Ttjndt, Thomas Maroks, son of Thomas and Eliza (Marcks) Yundt, was born near AUentown, Pa., February 10, 1858. He received his preparatory training in the public schools, "West Chester Normal School, Muhlenberg Academic Department, and under the private instruction of James L. Schaadt, Esq., of AUentown, Pa. He entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Lit- erary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied theology in Yale Divinity School, New Haven, Conn., and graduated in 1885, with the degree of B. D. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, by the Lebanon Clas- sis, September 30, 1886. During bis course in theology, he spent one summer vacation at Centreville, S. D., and another summer vacation at Oak Creek, Wash., engaged in missionary work under the auspices of the American Home Missionary Society. After his graduation from Yale Divinity School he was engaged in similar work at Wyandotte, Kan. He be- came superintendent of Bethany Orphans' Home, Womelsdorf, Pa., April 1, 1886, a position which he still holds. He married Minerva A. Koons, of AUentown, Pa., October 8, 1885. He published " History of Bethany Orphans' Home," Eeading, Pa., 1887. * Zahn, Jean August Julius, son of Bernhard Julius and Caecilia (Eoss) Zahn, was born at Sicershtiten, Holstein, Ger- many, April 23, 1851. He received a careful training in Ger- many. In 1866 the family emigrated to America and located at Philipsburg, Pa. He prepared for college in Thiel Hall, , Philipsburg; entered College in the fall of 1871, entering the Junior Class, and graduated in 1873. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated SAMUEL ADDISON ZIEGENFUSS. BIOGRAPHICAL. 399 in 1876, and a few days afterwarda was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. He was pastor of Lutheran congregations in Brie County, Pa., 1876-83 ; JSTorth Lima, Ohio, 1883-87. In the latter year he was elected to a professorship in Thiel Col- lege, Greenville, Pa., a position which he accepted and filled with ability for a short time ; but he died April 25, 1888, at the age of thirty-five years and three days. He was married, but the writer of this sketch has not succeeded in ascertain- ing his wife's maiden name, nor the date of his marriage. ZiEGENFUSs, Samuel Addison, son of Samuel and Catharine Ziegenfuss, was born in Eichland Township, Bucks County, Pa., December 12, 1844. He received his preparatory training in the Normal and Classical School, Quakertown, Pa., 1862-65, and Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg, Pa., 1866 ; entered Pennsylvania College in the fall of 1866 ; but when Muhlenberg College was opened, in the fall of 1867, he was one of a number to form the Sophomore Class in the new institution. He graduated in 1870. He was a mem- ber of the Euterpean Literary Society. He entered the Lu- theran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1870, graduated in 1873, and was ordained to the office of the min- istry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, in the same year, a few Aa,jB after graduation. He was pastor at Sellersville, Pa., 1873-76 ; at Bath, Pa,, 1876-92. He is now pastor of St. Michael's Church, Germantown, Philadel- phia, Pa. He has filled many positions of honor and trust in the church. He was secretary of the Second District Confer- ence of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1880-83 ; secretary of the Alumni Association of alma mater, 1883-86 ; member of the Board of Trustees of alma mater since 1883 ; member of the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees of the same since 1884 ; secretary of the Board of Trustees and of Execu- tive Committee of the same, since 1886 ; delegate to the Gen- eral Council since 1886; president of the Second Conference, 1889-92 ; English secretary of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, elected in 1892 ; and one of the editors of the Church Messenger, AUentown, Pa., since 1886. He is a frequent contributor to 400 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. the various periodicals of the church, especially Church Mes- senger and The Lutheran. He married Mary E. Himmelwright October 21, 1875. ZuBER, William Hbnby, son of Henry and Susanna Zuber, was born at Collegeville, Montgomery County, Pa., July 8, 1859. He received his preparatory training in Washington Hall, Trappe, Pa., 1877, and Muhlenberg Academic Department, 1878-80 ; entered College in the fall of 1880 and graduated in 1884. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and College Glee Club. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, September 18, 1884, graduated May 31, 1887, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, June 7 of the same year. Immediately after his ordination he became pastor of two Lutheran congregations near Greensburg, Pa., which he still serves. In connection with his pastoral labors, he fills the chair of Natural Sciences in the Greensburg Semi- nary, and that of secretary of the Education Society of West- moreland County. ZwEiziG, John Henrt, son of the Eev. Benjamin D. and Mary A. (Shollenberger) Zweizig, was born in Beading, Pa., September 3, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Beading, graduating from the High School in 1879. He entered College in the fall of 1879 and graduated in 1882. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary So- ciety and Chi Phi Fraternitj'-. He took a post-graduate course in the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., 1882-85. He studied law and was admitted to the Berks County Bar, No- vember 23, 1889, and is engaged in the practice of his profes- sion in his native place. Zweizig, Martin Luther, son of the Eev. Benjamin D. and Mary A. (Shollenberger) Zweizig, was born at Hamburg, Berks County, Pa., October 17, 1857. Ho received his preparatory training in the public schools of Beading ; entered College in the fall of 1874 and graduated in 1877. He received the Junior oratorical prize in 1876. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of BIOGRAPHICAL. 401 1877, graduated in 1880, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Penn- sylvania, June 13, 1881. He was pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Scranton, Pa., 1882-87, during which time he built up the mission into a flourishing congregation. In 1889 he fol- lowed a call of the General Council English Home Mission Committee to Portland, Ore., where he has organized St. James English Lutheran congregation. He travelled in Europe dur- ing the years 1887-88. He was editor of the Uii Phi Quarterly, Philadelphia, 1880-83. LIST OF ALUMNI BY CLASSES. (Deceased members are marked by *.) 1868. Ernest A. Muhlenberg, Esq Keading, Pa. "William P. Muhlenberg, M. D. . . . ^ . . . . Keading, Pa. Eev. William H. Eiokert Philadelphia, Pa. Prof. Luther A. Swope Gambier, O. 1869. * Eev. Geo. D. Poust North Wales, Pa. Eev. Milton J. Kramlich AUentown, Pa. Eev. Prof. Eevere F. Weidner, D. D Chicago, 111. 1870. Frederick W. Butler Eeading, Pa. * Eev. Isaac N. S. Brb Orwigsburg, Pa. Eev. William K. Prick Milwaukee, Wis. Eev. John J. Kuntz Conyngham, Pa. William H. Kuntz, M. D New Castle, Del. Eev. John W. Eumple, Ph. D Lancaster, Pa. Eev. Samuel A. Ziegenfuss Philadelphia, Pa. 1871. Eichard H. Beck, M. D Hecktown, Pa. John H. Garber Salinas City, Cal. David S. Hoffman, M. D Lake City, Col. Charles H. Keller Philadelphia, Pa. Prof. Benjamin P. Knerr Minneapolis, Minn. Eev. Charles S. Kohler Cleveland, O. Eugene C. Lochman, Esq Jersey City, N. J. Eev. Achilles J. Long Stouchsburg, Pa. Eev. Jacob H. Neiman Koyersford, Pa. Eev. Jeremiah P. Ohl Quakertown, Pa. Eev. Hiram Peters Norristown, Pa. Eev. Oliver P. Smith Pottstown, Pa. Eev. Henry B. Strodach Brooklyn, N. T. * Henry Woodward, Esq Philadelphia, Pa. 402 BIOGRAPHICAL. 403 1872. Kev. William A. Beates Lancaster, 0. Eev. D. Levin Coleman Easton, Pa. Martin L. Pritch Beading, Pa. Bev. Samuel W. Kuhns Columbus, 0. *Bev. William H. Laubenatein Tamaqua, Pa. Eev. Alpheua D. Potts, Ph. D Pleasant Unity, Pa. Eev. Myron O. Bath Allentown, Pa. * Eev. George H. Bhodes Sand Cut, Pa. Eev. J. George Schaid Eightwell, S. C. Eev. John A. SchefFer Allentown, Pa. William P. Snyder, Esq Philadelphia, Pa. Horatio E. Trexler Beading, Pa. * Eev. John M. Uhrich Pillow, Pa. * Bev. George T, Weibel Churohtown, Pa. 1873. Eev. Prof. John A. Bauman Allentown, Pa. Harry P. Cooper Pottsville, Pa. Eev. Jesse S. Erb Slatington, Pa. *ErankC. Erdman, M.D Centre Valley, Pa, Eev. George H. Gerberding Fargo, N. Dak. Oscar S. Grim Allentown, Pa. Howard Himmelwright Wildwood Springs, Pa. Eev. Charles J. Hirzel Philadelphia, Pa. Charles B. Keller Ephrata, Pa. Hon. George E. Kribbs, Clarion, Pa. Eev. George G. Kunkle Williamsport, Pa. Oscar Meyer Chicago, 111. Eev. William H. Myers Beading, Pa. Eev. John Nicum Bochester, N. T. Eev. Asher P. Pflueger West Newton, Pa. Prof. Erancis D. Eaub Allentown, Pa. Eev. D. Luther Both Albany, N. Y. Eev. Luther M. C. Weicksel Benovo, Pa. * Eev. Julius A. J. Zahn Greenville, Pa. 1874. Bev. James L. Becker Lansdale, Pa. *Albert J. Erdman, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. Asa E. Erdman Nazareth, Pa. * David E. Eyster, Esq Camp Hill, Pa. 404 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Hon. Milton G. Henninger Allentown, Pa. Oscar B. Holman, Esq St. Paul, Minn. Marcus 0. L. Kline, Esq Allentown, Pa. Alfred M. Koons, D. D. S Allentown, Pa. Monroe T. Kuntz, M. D Mulberry, Ind. William A. Lichtenwallner, Esq Harold, S. Dak. James L. Schaadt, Esq Allentown, Pa. Adam H. Schmehl, Esq Beading, Pa. Prof. Edgar D. Shimer, Ph. D Jamaica, N. Y. Bev. Jacob Q. Upp South Easton, Pa. 18*75. John W. Albrecht "Warren, Pa. * "Wilson D. Berlin, M.D Allentown, Pa. Bev. Jonas P. German Berwick, Pa. Bev. Chas. H. Hemsath Boseville, O. Bev. Newton J. Miller Manchester, Md. Bev. William A. Passavant, Jr Pittsburg, Pa. Edwin H. Stine, Esq Allentown, Pa. 18Y6. Charles E. Camp, Esq Watauga, Tenn. Bev. Henry T. Clymer Prackville Pa. Constantine D. Kiehel, Esq Bochester, N. T. Bev. Jeremiah H. Kline Scottdale, Pa. Prank B. Meily, Esq Lebanon, Pa. Henry M. Muhlenberg, Ph. 0- Beading, Pa. Bev. Solomon B. Ochsenford Selinsgrove, Pa. John M. Smeltzer Myerstown, Pa. John D. Uhrich, Esq Allentown, Pa. 1877. Bev. William J. Bieber Hellertown, Pa. Michael A Gruber Washington, D. C. Jacob E. Losch, Esq West Point, Neb. Bev. William J. Miller Leechburg, Pa. Bev. Prof. John Sander St. Peter, Minn. *Bev. Wilbert P. Shanor Allegheny, Pa. George M. Van Buskirk, Esq New York, N. Y. Bev. M. Luther Zweizig Portland, Ore. 1878. Bev. Charles L. Pry Lancaster, Pa. * Preston M. Gernet, Esq Bethlehem, Pa. Henry H. Herbst, M.D Allentown, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL. 405 Kev. Prederiok W. Kohler New Brighton, Pa. Hiram P. Kuntz Easton, Pa. Eev. D. Henry Keiter Kichland Centre, Pa. Prof. Oliver G. J. Sohadt Philadelphia, Pa. Emerson F. Schock, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. Daniel A. Shetler Nokomis, 111. Kev. James D, Woodring Eeading, Pa. 1870. Eev, Charles N. Conrad Eochester, N. Y. Kev. Julius W. Knapp Lancaster, N. T. George D. Krause Lebanon, Pa. Edwin J. Lichtenwalner, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. "Wilson M. Eehrig, Ph. D Greenville, Pa. John K. Eeinoehl, M. D Lebanon, Pa. Alfred J. P. Eoth Allentown, Pa. George B. Schock, Esq Lebanon, Pa. * Eev. Charles S. Seaman Adamsburg, Pa. Eev. George S. Seaman Adamsburg, Pa. Prank M. Trexler, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. John N. Wetzler Beavertown, Pa. 1880. Eev. James P. Beates Salt Lake City, U. Prof. George T. Ettinger, Ph. D Allentown, Pa. *Jonas P. Kline, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. J. Walter Klingler Cogan Station, Pa. Marvin 0. Koons Lehighton, Pa. Prof. Benjamin Sadtler, B.S., '83 ...••. . Golden, Col. Eobert W. Steokel New York, N. Y. Eev. Solomon B. Stupp Gilberts, Pa. Eev. John H. Umbenhen Pottsville, Pa. Eev. Wilson Yeisley Scenery Hill, Pa. 1881. Thomas M. Angstadt, M. D New Jerusalem, Pa. Eev. Clayton L. HoUoway Delmont, Pa. *WilliamP. Kistler Fort Quitman, Tex. David J. M. Kuntz, Esq Easton, Pa. Eev. Joseph W. Mayne Easton, Pa. Eev. Luther M. McCreery Middlepoint, Ohio. Eev. Oscar D. Miller Hamburg, Pa. Frank H. Eeinoehl Lebanon, Pa. Kev. Charles E. Sandt Freemansburg, Pa. 406 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. J. Allen Schaadt Philadelphia, Pa. Kev. Frank H. Uhrich Myerstown, Pa. James T. Woodring, Esq Hellertown, Pa. 1882. Kev. Lewis J. Bickel 'Wilmington, Del. Austin A. Gliok, Esq Catasauqua, Pa. William E. Grim, Esq Texarkana, Tex. Aaron B. Hassler, Esq Lancaster, Pa. * Eev. Andrew J. Heissler Albany, N. T. David E. Home, Esq Allen town. Pa. Eev. Jacob W. Lazarus Centreville, Pa. Eev. William H. Medlar Crookston, Minn. Eev. Edwin L. Miller Scranton, Pa. Noah W. Eeichard, M. D Bangor, Pa. * Horace Eeiter Aten, Neb. Eev. Kobert D. Eoeder Norristown, Pa. Prof. Samuel 0. Sohmuoker, M. S Indiana, Pa. Eev. Edwin H. SmoU Schuylkill Haven, Pa. Oscar J. Stine, Esq Catasauqua, Pa. Eev. Thomas M. Yundt Womelsdorf, Pa. J. Henry Zweizig Eeading, Pa. 1883. Eev. Jacob J. G. Dubbs Coopersburg, Pa. Eev. John J. Poust Brooklyn, N. T. Eev. John C. Graepp Philadelphia, Pa. M. Luther Home, Esq Quakertown, Pa. Eev. Francis Kayser Philadelphia, Pa. Charles P. Keck, Esq White Haven, Pa. Eev. John J. Kline New Hanover, Pa. Prof. Dexter L. Eambo Wedgefield, S. 0. Eev. Jeremiah H. Eitter Shannondale, Pa. Eev. William A. Sadtler Chicago, 111. Eev. James 0. Schlenker Hazleton, Pa. Eev. William P. Schoener South Bethlehem, Pa. Eev. E. Morris Smith Baden, Pa. Irwin S. Uhler, Esq Easton, Pa. Prof. N. Wiley Thomas, B.S., Ph. D Philadelphia, Pa. 1884. Milton W. Bohn Altoona, Pa. Eev. Alfred J. L. Breinig Augustaville, Pa. John M. Dettra, Esq Norristown, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL. 407 Prof. Albert B. Erb Torktown, Tex. Rev. William J. Finck Allegheny, Pa. Eev. Herman C. Pox Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. John J. Heisler Trenton, N. J. Rev. William D. C. Keiter West Bethlehem, Pa. Rev. Elmer P. Krauss Homestead, Pa. Rev. Hiram J. Kuder Bath, Pa. Rev. James O. Leibensperger Denver, Pa. Rev. Oscar E. Pflueger Elizabethville, Pa. Rev. James J. Reitz Oherryville, Pa. Rev. George J. Sohaeffer Richfield, Pa. Rev. George M. Scheidy, B. E Scranton, Pa. Jacob W. Uhrich Grantville, Pa. Valentine J. Uhrich, Esq Lebanon, Pa. Rev. C. Ernest Wagner Allentown, Pa. Rev. Samuel G. Weiskotten Jamestown, N. T. Ira Wise, B. S Allentown, Pa. Rev. William H. Zuber Greensburg, Pa. 1885. Rev. Charles C. Boyer ■ Boyertown, Pa. * Daniel E. Brunner Reading, Pa. Rev. Prank P. Fry Bethlehem, Pa. Rev. C. F. William Hoppe Pittsfield, Mass. Elmer E. Johnson, M. D Pottstown, Pa. Prof. Francis G. Lewis Bethlehem, Pa. Rev. Robert B. Lynch Dublin, Pa. Rev. A. Miles Mehrkam Columbia, Pa. Wilson K. Mohr, Esq Allentown, Pa. Howard S. Seip, D. D. S Allentown, Pa. Rev. Adam M. Weber Mount Joy, Pa. Rev. William Weicksel Coudersport, Pa. Rev. Elias A. Tehl Coopersburg, Pa. 1886. * Forest M. Fox Sumneytown, Pa. Rev. Charles W. Jefferis North Wales, Pa. Rev. Edwin F. Keever Seattle, Wash. Samuel J. Kistler, Esq Saegersville, Pa. Elmer P. Kohler Baltimore, Md. Rev. Ernest T. Kretschmann, Ph. D Trappe, Pa. Rev. A. Grant Loder Tacoma, Wash. Rev. John F. Nicholas Blue Rapids, Kan. Samuel N. Potteiger, Esq Reading, Pa. 408 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. George A. Prediger, Esq Pittsfield, Mass. Elmer O. Reyer, Esq Easton, Pa. Eev. Nelson P. Schmidt Schwenksville, Pa. J. Jeremiah Snyder, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. John H. Waidelich Sellersville, Pa. Rev. Henry W. Warmkessel Reading, Pa. * Harry K. "Weaver New Holland, Pa. 1887. Kev. James E. Brown Rebersburg, Pa. Eev. Eaymond E. Butz Catawissa, Pa. Eeuben J. Butz, Esq Allentown, Pa. Preston E. Dry McAlevy's Port, Pa. Eev. Tilghman P. German Philadelphia, Pa. Eev. William W. Kramlich Womelsdorf, Pa. Eev. Milton J. Kuehner Stettlersville, Pa. Prof. George A. Miller Eureka, 111. Eev. John W. Eichards Sayre, Pa. Clinton J. Schadt, M. D New York, N. T. Eev. George E. Schettler Hornellsville, N. Y. Eev. Frank M. Seip Lebanon, Pa. 1888. Eev. "William P. Bond Tower City, Pa. Eev. Charles D. Clauss Stroudsburg, Pa. Rev. Clinton Fetter Hegins, Pa. Rev. George Gebert Tamaqua, Pa. Rev. David G. Gerberich "Weatherly, Pa. * Alfred "W. Kistler Kempton, Pa. Rev. James P. Lambert Catasauqua, Pa. Ralph Metzger, Esq Allentown, Pa. Eev. Edward P. Ritter "Unionville, Can. Henry F. Schantz, M. D Myerstown, Pa. Eev. Oscar S. Scheirer Lickdale, Pa. George E. IJlrioh, D. D. S Selinsgrove, Pa. Eev. John M. "Wenrioh Stoutsville, O. 1889. Eev. Ernest M. Grahn Easton, Pa. J. "Wyllis Hassler, M. D Philadelphia, Pa. Eev. John B. Heil Hughestown, Pa. Eev. John "W. Horine Philadelphia, Pa. Eev. Preston A. Laury Marietta, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL. 409 Eev. Elmer 0. Leopold Girardville, Pa. Eev. Frank 0. Oberly Allentown, Pa. Eev. John H. Eaker Pen Argyl, Pa. 1890. Alfred J. Bittner .... . Boston, Mass. William 0. Pegley Breinigsville, Pa. David J. Gimlich Pittsfield, Mass. Alfred K. Keck White Haven, Pa. George S. Kleckner Moorestown, Pa. Irwin B. Kurtz East Greenville, Pa. Evan B. Lewis .... Philadelphia, Pa. Jacoh H. Longacre Normal Square, Pa. Nathan D. Martin Allentown, Pa. Nevin E. Miller ... Allentown, Pa. Henry E. Pflueger Seidersville, Pa. J. Charles Eausch .... East Allentown, Pa. Irwin B. Eitter Breinigsville, Pa. John P. Saeger Allentown, Pa. Martin G. Sohaeffer Lancaster, Pa. Ira E. Seidle Normal Square, Pa. Harry S. Snyder Allentown, Pa. Samuel J. Ulrioh . . Selinsgrove, Pa. Samuel E. Weaver . . Lancaster, Pa. James B. Werner Allentown, Pa. John J. Tingling Allentown, Pa. Alfred J. Tost Allentown, Pa. 1891. Eeuben H. Bachman , Creswell, N. 0. Milton J. Bieber Kutztown, Pa. George S. Butz Allentown, Pa. William H. Cooper Allentown, Pa. Martin S. Harting Oley, Pa. Henry H. Hower Cherryville, Pa. Chester E. Kiehel Allentown, Pa. William W. Kistler Leibyville, Pa. Edwin D. Meixell Allentown, Pa. Harrison E. Moyer Niantic, Pa. Preston P. Eodenberger Charles City, Iowa. William P. Sachs • Lancaster, Pa. Hiram E. J. Seneker Bristol, Tenn. Joseph P. Shimer Allentown, Pa. 27 410 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Charles C. Snyder Sellersville, Pa. C. William T. Strasser Allentown, Pa. 1892. Clarence Beck Stone Church, Pa. Oscar F. Bernheim ■ . . . Wilmington, N. C. Ulysses G-. Bertolet Pagleysville, Pa. Edwin M. Beysher Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey P. Butz Breinigsville, Pa. Frederick Doerr Lancaster, Pa. J. Eichmond Merkel Klinesville, Pa. Adam L. Earner Virginsville, Pa. Henry B. Eichards Eeading, Pa. Charles C Spieker Allentown, Pa. Frederick W. Spieker .....' Allentown, Pa. Isaac H. Stetler .... Mahanoy P. 0., Pa. Edward H. Trafford Annville, Pa. Paul S. Ulrich Lebanon, Pa. Leo Wise Allentown, Pa. II. NON-GRADUATES. * Anstett, Cassius Meyers, son of Christian M. and Salome Anstett, was born at Bethlehem, Pa., October 16, 1850. He received his preparatorj' training in the Bethlehem Academy, Military Academy at Allentown, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered College in the fall of 1868, but left the institution during the same scholastic year to enter the same class in Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., and later spent some time in Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa. Ho was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society during his connection with Muhlenberg College. He was admitted to the Bar at Easton, August 21, 1873. He was district attorney of Northampton County, Pa., 1878-81 ; chief of the Law Depart- ment of the United States Treasury, Washington, D. C, May 3, 1886-June 15, 1889 ; United States commissioner and exam- iner in Chancery appointed by the Supreme Court of the Dis- trict of Columbia, February 17, 1891; and assistant adjutant- general of the Second Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylva- nia, 1876-81. He married Majorie Meyers, January 11, 1876. A few months ago Mr. Anstett went to the West Indies, where he was attacked by jaundice, which resulted in his death. He died at the Hotel Cochran, Washington, D. C, July 12, 1892, and was buried at Easton, Pa. Mr. Anstett was a promi- nent Democrat of Easton, and during the Cleveland adminis- tration had the position of law clerk in the supervising archi- tect's office in the Treasury Department. He resigned when the new administration came in, and with a partner devoted himself to the practice of law. Tbeir« particular line was the securing of American registry to foreign-built ships that were repaired in American ports. The firm was very suc- cessful. Bachman, Ievinq a., son of Thomas P. and Anseneta E. 411 412 MUBLENBER& COLLEGE. Bachman, was born at Weaversville, Pa., May 27, 1864 ; entered the Freshman Class in April, 1885 ; finished his course in the University of Virginia ; member of Society of Chemical Industry (London), and has been honored with Ph. D. and P. C. S. (Lon- don). He has held the following positions : chemical director, Georgia Chemical Works, Augusta, Ga., 1887-89 ; general su- perintendent Georgia Chemical Works, 1889-91 ; chemical di- rector and general superintendent of Georgia Chemical Works, Augusta, Ga. and Jacksonborough, S. C, since 1891. Also president of Eiverside Alkali Works, Augusta, Ga. He has received patents for a process of manufacturing soluble phos- phates from any phosphatic material, an apparatus for same, and mixer for phosphates. The following articles appeared in the American Chemical Journal, in 1888 : " Freezing Mixtures," " Nitrite of Arsenic," " Wickeliferous Talc," and " Oxidation of Sulphites." He has in press " Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid." He is making a careful study of the Southern Indians, their history and life, and has made a very valuable collection of more than fifteen hundred specimens illustrative of the race. Bachman, William Erwin, son of Charles and Sarah J. Bachman, was born at Stemton, Pa., September 18, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, 1889-91; entered the Freshman Class, September 18, 1891, but left College in 1892, in order to pursue a normal course in the Millersville Normal School. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Baer, Charles Henry, son of Charles A. and Anna S. Baer, was born at Allentown, Pa., February 27, 1873. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1889, with honor. He entered College in the fall of 1889, entering the Freshman Class, but left the institution during the scholastic year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After leaving College he pursued a course of study in the Allentown Business College, prior to a contemplated course in medicine. Barner, Howard Stephen Franklin, son of Stephen and Elivina Barner, is a native of Emaus, Pa. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1887-90 • BIOGRAPHICAL. 413 entered the Treshman Class, September 4, 1890, but left College in 1892, and is now engaged in the slate business near Allen- town, Pa. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary SocietJ^ Barnes, Jacob S., Allentown, entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but left the institution during the year. Bartholomew, Henry J. G., son of the Eev. A. S. and Sarah Bartholomew, was born at Fort Wayne, Ind., April 9, 1852. He received his preparatory training in the High School of Lima, Ohio, and Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind., spend- ing two years, 1867-69, in the latter institution. He entered the Freshman Class of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1872, but left the institution, March 11, 187-1, to complete his course in Cap- ital Universitj', Columbus, Ohio, graduating June 23, 1875. He was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, June 18, 1878, and became pastor of the Lutheran Church at Wabash, Ind., during the same year; in 1881 he re- moved to Fort Wayne, Ind., where he remained until 1883, when he removed to Hartville, Ohio ; and since 1884 he has been pastor of the Franklin parish, in Pennsylvania. He was married to Christiana Gahring, of Greenville, Pa., April 1, 1891. * Bastian, Clinton Eeuben, son of Eeuben and Maria Theresa Bastian, was born in Upper Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pa., March 6, 1855. He received his prepara- tory training in the Kutztown N"ormal School; entered the Sophomore Class in the fall of 1875, and died in his Senior year, October 27, 1876, at the age of twenty-one years, seven months, and twenty-one days. Becker, Jacob, Catasauqua, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1876, and continued until the close of Junior year, 1879. Bitting, Charles W., Allentown, spent several years in the Academic Department, 1867-74, and one year in the Collegiate Department, 1875-76, entering the Freshman Class. Blackman, William M., son of William L. and Jennie M. Blackman, was born at Allentown, Pa., September 14, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- 414 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. lenberg; entered the Freshman Class, September 6, 1888, and left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, in order to pursue a course in the AUentown Business College. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. BoRNEMAN, John Staufper,- son of Isaac and Esther Borne- man, was born at New Hanover, Montgomery County, Pa., Sep- tember 29, 1851. He received his preparatory training in Wash- ington Hall, Trappe, and Mount Pleasant Seminary, Boyer- town. Pa. ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1875, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year to pursue a course in medicine in the University of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia, graduating March 15, 1878, with the degree of M. D., and a post-graduate course in 1880-81. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He has built up a remunerative practice at Boyertown, Pa. He married Mary G. Shanor, of Boyertown, December 17, 1885. BoRTZ, Harrison, AUentown, Pa., spent the year 1868-69 as a member of the Freshman Class, taking an irregular course. BowEN, James Klein, son of John and Emeline Bowen, was born at AUentown, Pa., January 3, 1871. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of AUentown, grad- uating from the High School in 1888 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year in order to take up business. BoTER, Edward Dayton, son of Eeuben A. and Eebecca A. Boyer, was born at Catasauqua, Pa., September 23, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place, graduating from the High School in 1872, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1872-73 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1873, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He took a course in phar- macy in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and graduated in 1877. He is at present superintendent and manager of the Hercules Cement Company, Catasauqua, Pa. He married Annie Williams, March 25, 1885. * Breinig, Albert Thomas, son of Thomas B. and Caroline Breinig, was born at Breinigsville, Lehigh County, Pa. Feb- ruary 6, 1860. He prepared for college in the Academic De- BIOGRAPHICAL. 415 partment of Muhlenberg College, 1878-79 ; entered the Fresh- man Class in the fall of 1879, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, 1881, to take up the study of medicine. He died November 22, 1881, at the age of twenty- one years, nine months, and sixteen days. Brown, Augustus Mast, son of George and Catharine (Mast) Brown, was born at McKeansburg, Schuylkill County, Pa., May 17, 1863. He prepared for college under the instruc- tion of the Eev. Lewis J. Bickel, of Eeading, Pa. ; entered College, September 6, 1887, but left the institution in 1891 without graduating. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, and College Missionary Society. Brunnee, Charles, Allentown, Pa., spent a year in the Academic Department, 1874-75, and the year 1875-76 in con- nection with the Freshman Class. Brunner, Edgar Alfred, son of David B. and Amanda E. Brunner, was born in Eeading, Pa., February 18, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Eeading and took a course in the Eeading Business College before en- tering Muhlenberg ; he entered the Freshman Class, September 5, 1889, but left College in 1892. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fra- ternity. BuTZ, Walter Oscar, son of William H. and Annie B. Butz, was born in Allentown, Pa., September 7, 1858. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native city, graduating from the High School in 1875 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of the same year, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, June, 1876. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. During the year 1878 he was engaged in teaching ; afterwards he took up the study of law under the preeeptorship of Hon. E. B. Wright, and after completing the prescribed course was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County. He has served as alderman and councilman of the First Ward of the city of Allentown. Cassadat, Ernest Eudolph, son of William H. and Mary J. 416 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Cassaday, was born on " The Oakland Plantation," near Lees- burg, Loudoun County, Ya., January 1, 1854. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; passed the examination for entrance into the Freshman Class, but, re- ceiving an appointment as cadet, entered the West Point Mili- tary Academy in the fall of 1872, from the Lehigh and Mont- gomery District. But owing to deafness, which rendered him unfit for military service, he left West Point and returned to Muhlenberg, entering the Freshman Class in the fall of 1873. At the close of the Sophomore year, 1875, he left the institution and entered the Junior Class in Ursinus College at CoUegeville, Pa., from which institution he graduated in 1877. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1880, and a few days later was or- dained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania to the ofSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. In 1880, shortly after his ordination, he took pastoral charge of St. Peter's Mission, Ninth and Eeed Streets, Philadelphia, reorganized the congregation, built a church in 1882, and made the congregation self-sup- porting. He has since organized two other missions in Phila- delphia. He published " The Chronological Bible Chart." He married Lillian, daughter of the Eev. William Weaver, Phoe- nixville. Pa., February 21, 1889. Childs, Akchie p., is a native of White Haven, Luzerne County, Pa. He entered the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg in the fall of 1870, and the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, remaining with his class until the end of the Junior year. Since then he has been engaged in business in his native county. Coleman, Gurnet Fairfax, son of Dr. A. Gurney and Eleanor Frick Coleman, was born at Limerick, Montgomery County, Pa., July 11, 1868. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1884-85 ; en- tered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1885, but left the insti- tution in 1887, during his Sophomore year, to finish his course in the University of Pennsylvania, in Pure and Applied Science, graduating in 1889 with the degree of B. S. He received a BIOGRAPHICAL. 417 prize at Muhlenberg for the best herbarium. He is now a member of the Society of Chemical Industry of London, Franklin Institute, and Scientific Society, Philadelphia. He has been exceptionally successful in his profession, and is the author of quite a number of scientific patents. He writes for Sarper's, Scribner's, and Century Magazines. * CooPEE, Franklin Brdman, son of Charles W. and Ee- becca E. Cooper, was born at Coopersburg, Pa., August 13, 1852. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1868, and died very suddenly and unexpectedly on February 1, 1870, having regularly attended recitations on the previous day. Cooper, Llewellyn H., Coopersburg, Pa., prepared for col- lege in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1867-68; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1868, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, 1869. Copper, Francis H., came to Muhlenberg from Manchester, Md., entering the Academic Department in the fall of 1873, and the Freshman Class in the fall of 1874, but left in 1876, during the Sophomore year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Cressman, Krauth H., came to College from Schoenersville, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1889, and re- mained until the close of the Sophomore year, 1891. Davidheiser, Henry I. E., was born near Gilbertsville, Montgomery County, Pa. He received his preparatory train- ing in the public schools of his native township and a classical school at Boyertown. He entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, but remained only a short time in the institution and then returned to his native place, where he is now engaged in farming. Dech, 0. Wilson, Allentown, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1868, but left at the end of Sophomore, in 1870. Deily, Wilson Andrew, son of David and Saranda Deily, was born at Perkasie, Pa., July 5, 1867. He prepared for col- lege in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., 1886 ; entered the Freshman Class of Muhlen- 418 MVBLENBERO COLLEQE. berg in the fall of 1886, but left the institution in January, 1889, and graduated from Lafayette College, Baston, Pa., in 1890. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He has entered the profession of teaching, residing at Per- kasie. Pa. DicKENSHiED, EuGENE Henrt, son of Dr. John H. and Amanda Dickenshied, was born in Pennsylvania, August 5, 1859 ; entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1871 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1874, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year 1876 ; spent one year (1876-77) at Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., and then entered the University of Pennsylvania. After having taken a full course in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, he graduated in 1881 with the degree of M. D., and is now engaged in the practice of his pro- fession in Allentown. At Muhlenberg he was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He is at present a member of the Board of School Directors of the Seventh Ward, and a member of the Board of Controllers, Allentown. At the Uni- versity he received the first Morbid Anatomy j)rize, the prize being a Zentmayer microscope. He married Clara C. Bryan, May 2, 1882. DiEFENDERFER, JoHN M., Allentown, Pa., prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1874-76 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1876, and remained until the close of Sophomore, 1878. DiBHL, Menno Bertles, son of Henry and Eleonora Diehl, was born in Eichland Township, Bucks County, Pa., December 22, 1859. He received his preparatory training in Pennington Seminary ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1878, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year 1879 to finish his course at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. He was engaged in teaching in Pennington Seminary, 1885-86 ; entered the ministry, Detroit Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1886, and is now stationed at North Hope, Mich. He married Emma Jane Cronover in January of 1886. He is the author of a hymn entitled " Who will rise ?" published by John J. Hood, Philadelphia, 1891. BIOGRAPHICAL. 419 * Dieter, Jacob Franklin, son of John and Leah Dieter, was born at Smith Gap, Monroe County, Pa., March 25, 1866. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1887, but died during his Senior year, March 24, 1891, at the age of twenty-five years. He was a member of the Buterpean Liter- ary Society. DoBLER, John William David, son of John W. B. and Jane M. Dobler, was born in Brooklyn, IST. Y., October 25, 1861. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1876-79; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1879, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, June 30, 1880. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After leaving Muhlenberg he spent some time at Bsslingen, Wiirtemberg, Germany, pre- paring himself for business pursuits. Eeturning to New York, he entered upon the manufacturing business with Fr. Beck and Company, manufacturers of wall papers, 281 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Downing, Augustus Seiss, son of George F. and Margaret W. Downing, was boi-n in Baltimore, Md., October 18, 1856. He prepared for college in the Preparatory Department of Thiel College, Greenville, Pa. ; entered the Sophomore Class of Muhlenberg College in the fall of 1871, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year 1872, and finished his course in Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., graduating in 1874. He entered the profession of teaching, being engaged in teach- ing mathematics, natural sciences and German at Newark, N. Y., 1874-77, since which time he holds a similar position at Palmyra, N. Y. DuBBS, John Jacob Harbaugh, son of Aaron and Mary Dubbs, was born at Plover, Lehigh County, Pa., August 5, 1869. He received bis preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1886 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1886, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year in 1888 to take up the study of medicine. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta 420 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Fraternitj'-. He entered the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1888, and graduated May 1, 1891, with the degree of M.D. He has since opened an oflSce in Philadelphia and is now engaged in the practice of his profession, his oflSce being located at 2518 N. Fifth Street. * Duncan, John Steinberger, son of William A. and Catha- rine (Schmucker) Duncan, was born at Gettysburg, Pa., July 7, 1867. He prepared for college in the Preparatory Depart- ment of Pennsylvania College, at his native place, 1880-83 ; entered the Freshman Class at Muhlenberg in the fall of 1883, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, June, 1884. During the last two years of President Cleveland's administration he was emploj^ed in the Postal Railway Ser- vice. In January of 1890 he entered Brj-ant & Stratton's Business College, Baltimore, Md., and on January 21 died from asphyxiation by gas in his lodgings, at the age of twenty- three years, six months, and fourteen days. Dundor, Darius Wilson, son of Adam M. and Rachel Dundor, was born at Bernville, Berks County, Pa., October 18, 1856. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1874-75 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1875, but at the close of the scholastic year left the institution, in order to take up the study of medicine. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He pui-sued a course in the University of Pennsylvania, graduating with the degree of M. D., in the spring of 1879. He married Amanda Kurr, May, 1879. He is engaged in the practice of his profes- sion at Elkhorn, W. Va. Bberts, Edwin H., son of Charles and Hetty Eberts, was born in Monroe Township, Northampton County, Pa., October 5, 1861. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1881 and 1884; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1887, but left the institution at the end of the Soph- omore year, 1887. He was a member of the Buterpean Liter- ary Society. He held the office of justice of peace during the years 1888-91. During this time he studied theology under the Rev. Professor William Wackernagel, D. D., Allentown, and BIOGRAPHICAL. 421 finished his theological course in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, and has entered the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He married Eva D. Appel. Immediately after his ordination in 1892, he be- came pastor of the Lutheran congregations at Turbotville and Washingtonville, Pa., residing at the former place. Ehinger, Frederick Henry, son of Frederick and Minnie Ehinger, was born in Waterloo County, Ontario, Can., Septem- ber 28, 1862. He received his preparatory training in the Central High School, Buffalo, I!^. Y. ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1882, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year 1883 to take up the study of medicine in the Medical Department of the University of Buf- falo, from which he graduated in 1886, with the degree of M. D. At Muhlenberg he was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternitj-. He married Carrie R. Eeynolds, of Buffalo, N. Y., November 2, 1886. He is en- gaged in the practice of his profession at Ebenezer, I^. Y. * EiOHER, Adam, Putnam, Ohio, entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but died during the year, in 1880. * Eppler, John, was a native of Reading, Pa. He received his preparatory training in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., 1866-67; entered the first Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1867, and remained until 1870, the Junior year. He is reported dead. Erdman, John Dallas, son of John and Hannah Erdman, was born at Euchsville, Pa., June 2, 1850. He received his preparatory training in the public schools and Kutztown Nor- mal School ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1868, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year in 1870. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He took a course in medicine in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, graduating Majch 12, 1872, with the degree of M. D., and located in Allentown., Pa, where he has established a successful practice. He was physician for the Lehigh County Hospital, 1875-84. He married Marie J. Kohler, January 24, 1874. 422 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. EsHELMAN, Charles B., Jonestown. Pa., entered the Fresh- man Class in the fall of 1879, but left at the end of the scho- lastic year, 1880. Pehr, Charles Daniel, son of Charles and Anna (Stahl) Fehr, was born at Bernville, Pa., June 3, 1864. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of AUentown, graduating from the High School in 1882 ; entered the Fresh- man Class of College in the fall of the same year, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, and completed his course in Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., graduating in 1886. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. After his graduation he entered the profession of teaching. He married Emily L. Benner, January 1, 1890. Fenstermacher, Peter A., AUentown, Pa., spent one year in the Academic Department, 1876-77 ; in the fall of 1877 he en- tered the Fresh man Class, and continued with the class until some time during the Senior year, and then left without graduating. Fink, Allen Jacob, son of David H. and Jane E. Fink, was born at Hamburg, Pa., November 13, 1860. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place under private tutors and at Bethlehem ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1879, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. In 1885 he pursued a course in pharmacy, and is now located at Hamburg, Pa., engaged in the drug business. Fisher, John Jacob, son of Hiram H. and Mary A. Fisher, was born at Kutztown, Berks County, Pa., June 14, 1859. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of College ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1875, but left the in- stitution at the close of the Junior year, in 1878, to engage in the business of manufacturing iron pipe. He is now presi- dent of the Fisher Pipe Manufacturing Company, AUentown, Pa. FoQEL, Solon C. B., is a native of Fogelsville, Lehigh County, Pa. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1867-68 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1868, but left the institution in 1871. He afterwards studied BIOGRAPHICAL. 423 medicine, and after graduation from medical college with the degree of M. D., he opened an office at his native place, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. Forrest, "Willis J., Allentown, Pa., Academic Department, 1868-69 ; entered Freshman Class in the fall of 1869 and left the institution in 1871. Freed, Harvet Milton, son of William D. and Sarah A. Freed, was born at Eichlandtown, Bucks County, Pa., July 3, 1870. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place and the Quakertown High School, graduating from the latter in 1889, with first honor. He afterwards studied Latin and GJ-reek in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1889, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year on account of ill-health. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. Since leaving the institution he was for a time engaged in teaching, and now occupies a position in his father's boot and shoe factory. Fry, Jambs Franklin, was born at Stemton, Pa., January 18, 1869 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1885, but left the institution during the year. He afterwards continued his course at Lafayette College, without, however, completing it. His address is given at Allentown, Pa. PuERST, E. C, Allentown, Pa., spent one year in College, entering the Freshman Class in the fall of 1876. Fulton, Alexander, son of the Eev. William Fulton, was born in Pennsylvania in 1854. He received his preparatory training at Mount Vernon Institute, Philadelphia, and in the Catasauqua High School, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1871, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year to take up the study of medicine. He took a three years' course in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, graduating in 1875 with the de- gree of M. D. He then permanently located in Philadelphia, where he has gained a large practice, and has become distin- guished in his profession. He is a frequent contributor to medical journals, has invented a number of useful surgical appliances, and has performed, with eminent success, numerous 424 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. critical surgical operations. He married Lizzie G-albraith, Philadelphia, in 1882. Fulton, T. Chalmers, Catasauqua, Pa., son of Eev. William Fulton, was in the Academic Department, 1872-73, and a mem- ber of the Freshman Class, 1873-74. He afterwards studied medicine in Philadelphia, graduating with the degree of M. D., and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Phila- delphia. His father, who died very recently, was a native of Ireland, educated in Ireland and Scotland, was a distinguished clergj'man of the Presbyterian Church, and a noted lecturer. Gallasohuck, Paul H., Philadelphia, was a member of the Freshman Class, 1881-82. Ganger, John B., Allentown, Pa., was in the Academic Department, 1868-71, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1871-72. Gaul, C. E., Sinking Springs, Pa., was a student in the Academic Department, 1877-79; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but left at the end of the Sophomore year, 1881. He is engaged in the drug business in Eeading, Pa. Geer, Frank C, Minersville, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, pursuing an irregular course, 1869-70. Geiger, Benjamin J., Saegersville, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1881-82, and a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1882-83. Geiser, George Washington, son of Samuel and Catharine Geiser, was born at Petersville, Pa., September 21, 1852. He received his preparatory training in Dickinson Seminary, Wil- liamsport, Pa., 1868-70, entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1871, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year and completed his course in Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., graduating in 1875. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He studied law under the Hon. Henry Green, and was admitted to the Bar of Northampton County, February 22, 1878. He held the oflSce of district attorney, 1884-86, and that of county solicitor since January 1, 1891. He married Henrietta S. Able, of Baston, Pa., November 5, 1884, and now resides at Baston. BIOGRAPHICAL. 425 GrESCHWiND, J. P., Upper Berne, Pa., was connected with the Academic Department, 1874-76, and a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1876-77. Gkaul, Philip Melanchthon, son of Henry W. and Esther Ann Graul, was born at Hoppenville, Montgomery County, Pa., January 16, 1870. He prepai-ed for college in Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa., 1885-87 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1887, but left the institution November 30, 1889. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He is at present, 1891, engaged in a course of study, in a private school in Philadelphia, in pattern de- signing and grading. Griesemer, David, Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1868-72 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1872, but left the institution during Sophomore, 1874. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Geosscup, Joseph, German ville. Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1869-70. He studied medicine, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Eeading, Pa. * Grubb, Henry Marx, son of Jonathan "W". and Lavina E. Grubb, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., September 6, 1856. He received his preparatory training in Langton's Academy, Philadelphia; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1873, and died November 24 of the same year, at the age of seventeen years, two months, and eighteen days. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. GuTH, Franklin A., Guth's Station, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1872-73 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1876, and again in 1878-79, but left the institu- tion during the Sophomore year, 1880. Gtith, Llewellyn Henry, son of Sylvester and Elizabeth Guth, was born in South Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., September 11, 1855. He prepared for college in the Kutz- town Normal School, 1874-75 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1876, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore yeai-, 1878, and completed his course in Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa., graduating in 1880. He 28 426 MUBLENBERG COLLEGE. was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society at Muhlen- berg. After his graduation he entered the School of Embalm- ing and Preserving the Dead, New York City, and graduated March 29, 1883, since which time he has followed the business of undertaker, at Guth's Station, Pa. He married Almeda R. Biery, of Catasauqua, Pa., November 15, 1888. Haak, John Howard, son of Jacob A. and Sarah E. Haak, was born in Pennsylvania, January 29, 1862. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1877-79 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but left the in- stitution at the end of his Sophomore year, 1881, to engage in the lumber manufacturing business, at Luther, Michigan. He married Lucinda Lenor Powers, May 29, 1886. Haas, Astor, J., Coplay, Pa., was in the Academic Depart- ment, 1873-74 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1874, but left College during Sophomore year, 1876. Hannum, William H., AUentown, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1871-72. He is at present connected with the United States navy and bears the title of lieutenant. Hausman, William Arthur, son of Boas and Eebekah Haus- man, was born at Slatington, Lehigh County, Pa., May 20, 1856. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of AUentown ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1871, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, 1873. He married Ada M. Appel, May 20, 1876, and resides in AUentown, Pa. Heimbach, George W., AUentown, Pa., was a member of the Sophomore Class, 1876-77. * Heindel, Daniel, son of Daniel and Lydia Heindel, was born at Lima, Ohio, April 6, 1854. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place ; he spent three years, 1871-74, at Capital University, Columbus, Ohio, and in the fall of 1874 entered the Sophomore Class in Muhlenberg. But shortly afterwards he was compelled to leave College on account of ill health, returned home, and died there December 21, 1874. Hennsinger, Osville B., AUentown, Pa., was a member of the Sophomore Class, taking an irregular course, 1889-90. BIOGRAPHICAL. 427 Hermann, Aemin F.. is a son of Professor C. F. Hermann, Allentown, Pa.; was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1884-86; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1886, but left the institution during his Junior year, 1889. Hertzog, George Nathan, son of Nathan and Mary Hert- zog, was born at Alburtis, Pa., March 31, 1869. Ho received his preparatory training in the Kutztown Normal School, 1882- 85 ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1887, but left during his Junior year and completed his course in Lafayette College, Baston, Pa., graduating in 1890. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He entered Union Theological Seminary, New York City, in the fall of 1890, and expects to graduate in 1893. * Hetl, Erwin, son of John K. and Matilda Heyl, was born in Columbus, Ohio, December 26, 1857. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1869-70 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1870, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, and pursued a course in medicine in Sterling College, Columbus, Ohio, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, graduating from the latter, March 12, 1874, with the degree of M. D. He married Mary E. Apple, March 18, 1874, and died March 28, 1886, at the age of forty-eight years, three months, and two days. Heyl, Herbert Lewis, son of Lewis and Maria Heyl, was born in Columbus, Ohio, March 15, 1852. He received his pre- paratory'' training in the public schools of Philadelphia and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He was engaged in business pursuits until 1885, since which time he has been actuary of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. HoATS, Morris, son of Samuel and Mary D. Hoats, was born in Allentown, Pa., April 9, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1867-72 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1872, but left the in- stitution at the close of Sophomore, 1874, in order to finish his course in Princeton College, from which institution he gradu- ated in 1877. He studied law and was admitted to practice in 428 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. Lehigh County in 1880, since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Allentown. During his connection with Muhlenberg College he was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He married Nora Nelson, Frederick, Md., November 12, 1890. Hoffman, Oscar C, Allentown, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1882, but left the institution during his Sophomore year, 1884. HoRNTJNG, Brastus L., Tuckcrton, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1869-71 ; in the fall of 1871 he entered the Freshman Class and remained until the end of Sophomore year in 1872 ; again entered the Junior Class in the fall of 1874, but left during the year 1875. HoTTEL, Harry, Bethlehem, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1869-71 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, but left College during the year 1872. HoTTENSTEiN, Jacob, Crooked Hill, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, taking an irregular course, 1878-79. HowER, Jeremiah Koons, son of Franklin M. and Lydia Hower, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., April 18, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg College, 1873-74 ; entered the Freshman Class in the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1874, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year in 1876, to engage in business. He was a member of the Buterpean Lit- erary Society. Since 1878 he has been manager of his father's roofing-slate manufacturing business at Cherryville, Pa. He married Kate B. Oplinger, October 9, 1883. Humphrey, William J., son of Charles H. and Blizabeth (Sharaton) Humphrey, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., March 25, 1852. He prepared for college in Dickinson College, Williamsport, Pa., and the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg College, 1867-68 ; entered the Fresh- man Class of College in the fall of 1868, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year 1869, to take up the study of medicine. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1872, with the BIOGRAPHICAL. 429 degree of M. D., and located at his native place, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. He holds the position of medical examiner for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. He was married in 1874. Johnson, John H., Limerick, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1884-85, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1885-86. Keck, Geokge, AUentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1867-72. In the fall of the latter year he entered the Freshman Class, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year 1873, to engage in business. Keck, S. Henry, son of Andrew S. and Maria B. Keck, was born in East AUentown, Pa., July 13, 1855. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College, 1867-72 ; entered the Freshman Class in the Col- legiate Department in the fall of 1872, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year in 1874, to engage in busi- ness. He married A. M. Line, January 29, 1891. Keck, William, son of Andrew S. and Maria B. Keck, was born at AUentown, Pa., September 12, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg College ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1873, but left the institution on May 29, 1876, and has since then been following business pursuits. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Keedt, Wyatt M., son of the Eev. Dr. Cornelius L. and Elizabeth W. Keedy, was born at Hagerstown, Md., July 6, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1884', but left during the year. He again entered the same class during the year 1886, but left the institution per- manently at the close of his Sophomore year, 1887, to engage in business. He has been city comptroller of Hagerstown for four years. Keiser, P. Simon, son of Peter and Sarah Keiser, was born in Marion Township, Berks County, Pa., August 29, 1857. He received his preparatory training in Palatinate College, Myers- town, Pa., and the Lebanon High School, graduating from the 430 MVHLENBERQ COLLEGE. latter in 1879 ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1879, but left the institution during his Senior year and completed his course in Lafayette College, Baston, Pa., gradu- ating in 1881. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society at Muhlenberg. After graduation he took up the study of law, and was admitted to the Lebanon County Bar in 1884. In the fall of 1889 he was elected district attorney of Lebanon County. He has his office in Lebanon, where he also resides. Keiter, Franklin Thomas Lincoln, son of Aaron B. and Susan A. Keiter, was born at Allentown, Pa., August 11, 1864. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1880 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of the same year, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, 1882, in order to take up the study of law. He was admitted to the Bar of Lehigh County, April 16, 1886. He was appointed, by Governor James A. Beaver, alderman, Allentown, l^ovember 10, 1890, and was elected to the same position for five years, February 17, 1891. He married Annie M. Blank, April 23, 1891, and resides in Allentown. Kern, Frank K., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Sophomore Class, 1876-77. Kern, Milton, Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1868-72, entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1872, but left College at the close of the scholastic year 1873, to engage in business. KiESLiNG, James "W., came to College in the fall of 1890 and entered the Sophomore Class, taking a special course. He re- mained with the class until the close of the scholastic year 1891. KiSTLER, Edward Haines, son of James A. and Anna L. Kistler, was born in Allentown, Pa., September 20, 1873. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native city, graduating from the High School in 1888 ; in Sep- tember of the same year he entered the Freshman Class of College, and continued with his class until the Christmas vaca- tion in 1889. From January 2, 1890, until March 1, 1891, he BIOGRAPHICAL. 431 was engaged in the office of L. S. Jacoby, Allentown, Pa., civil engineer and architect. On March 4, 1891, he entered the ministry of the Evangelical Association and located at White Haven, Pa., where he is at present serving a congregation of that denomination. During his connection with College he was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Klein, Harry Martin J., son of G-eorge and Eebecca S. Klein, was born at Hazleton, Pa., December 9, 1873. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of Allen- town, graduating from the High School in 1889 ; entered the Freshman Class of College September 5 of the same year, but left the institution in 1891, and expects to complete his course in Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., in 1893. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He expects to prepare for the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church. Kline, Molten J., son of James L. and Mary Ann Kline, was born in Allentown, Pa., March 8, 1855. He received his preparatory training in the Allentown Military Institute; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1869, but left the institution during his Senior year, 1873, to take up the study of medicine. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1875, with the degree of M. D. He has been surgeon and attending physician to the Lehigh County Hospital for twelve years, residing at Ironton, Lehigh County, Pa. He married Ella Balliet. KoHLER, John Herbert, son of John P. and Emma E. Kohler, was born at Egypt, Pa., April 14, 1865. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1880- 83 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1883, but left the institution during his Junior year, 1886, and took a busi- ness course in Pierce's Business College, Philadelphia. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity at Muhlenberg. Since 1887 he has been superintendent in Fichter and Martin Silk Mills, Bethle- hem, Pa. 432 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. KoHLER, Martin Luther, son of the Eev. Dr. John and Louisa Ann Kohler, was born at New Holland, Pa., October 15, 1852. He received his preparatory training at "Washington Hall Institute, Trappe, Pa.; entered the Sophomore Class of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1871, remaining one year, and gradu- ated from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1874. He studied law and was admitted to the Bar in 1876, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Phila- delphia. KoiNER, Junius Samuel, son of Jonathan and Jemima (Fisher) Koiner, was born at Flat Woods, Braxton County, W. Va., July 9, 1849. He prepared for college at Waynes- borough, Va., 1865-69 ; entered the Freshman Class of College September 1, 1869, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, and pursued courses of study at the Poly- technic Institute, New Market, Ya., 1870-71, and University of Virginia, 1871-74. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduating in 1880, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church in 1881. He was a professor in Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn., 1880-81; in Concordia College, Conover, N. C, 1881-82, and again, 1885-89. He was president of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod, 1887- 88, and of the North Carolina Conference of the same Synod, 1888-89. Since 1890 he has been engaged in home missionary work on the territory of the Tennessee Synod, in North Caro- lina and Yirginia, and resides at present at Ladd, Va. He married Paulanna Vernon Venable, August 10, 1881. KooNS, William. H., Philadelphia, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, taking an irregular course, 1879-80. Kramer, Alexander S., Allentown, Pa., was connected with the Academic Department, 1868-69 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1869, but left College at the end of the year. Kramer, Harry F., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1868-69 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1869, but left College at the end of the year; after- BIOGRAPHICAL. 433 wards entered the legal profession, and is now engaged in business in Allentown. Kramer, William V. H. T., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the first Freshman Class, but left College at the close of the scholastic year, 1867-68. Kkattss, GrEonaE, New Tripoli, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in 1889, but left the institution at the end of Junior year, 1892. KRtra, Theophiltjs Maser, son of the Eev, Philip and Eliza- beth (Maser) Krug, was born at Verona Mills, Oneida County, N. T., October 16, 1857. He received his preparatory training in St. Matthew's Academy, l^ew York City, 1874-77 ; entered the Sophomore Class, as an irregular student, in the fall of 1877, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, June, 1878. He entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1878, graduated in May, 1881, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Lutheran Ministerium of New York, in June of the same year, since which time he has been pastor of the Lutheran Church at Fort Plain, N. Y. He married Nellie L. Salmen, May 28, 1884. KuDER, John Henry, son of William and Catharine (Eeck) Kuder, was born near Laury's Station, Lehigh County, Pa., May 1, 1852. He received his preparatory training in the public school of his native place ; Eastman's Business College, 1872 ; Northwestern University, Watertown, Wis., 1876 ; and Kutztown Normal School, 1877. He entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1878, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. In the fall of 1879 he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1882, and in June of the same year was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Luthei'an Church, by the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. Shortly after his ordination he be- came pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Lehighton, Pa., a position which he still holds. He married Eebecca Fink, October 4, 1888. KuNTZ, Frederick William, son of the Eev. John J. and Sarah A. Kuntz, was born at Mulberry, Ind., June 19, 1874. 434 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, and entered the Freshman Class September 4, 1890, but left the institution at the end of the year to take up the study of medicine. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. KuNTZ, TiLQHMAN Daniel, SOU of Joshua and Lucy Ann Kuntz, was born at Cherryville, Northampton County, Pa., November 23, 1853. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1869-71 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of the same year, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He took a course in medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating in 1878 with the degree of M. D. He was assistant resident physician in the Brooklyn Homoeopathic Hospital in 1879, and resident physician in the Brooklyn Maternity Hospital in 1880. He married Eosa Magdalena Wenner, February 19, 1890, and now resides at Cherryville, Pa. KuKTZ, Harry, AUentown, Pa., took a special course in ana- lytical chemistry, 1881-82. Kirss, Otto, Gardensville, N. T., a native of Germany, was a member of the Junior Class, 1877-78 ; afterwards studied theology, and was for some time a clergyman in the Lutheran Church, but in later years he left the Lutheran Church, changed his name to Gilbert, but his present location is unknown. Lake, Charles D., Philadelphia, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1868-69, and a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1869-70. Lewis, Frederick Ewinq, son of Samuel B. and Mary A. Lewis, was bom in AUentown, Pa., February 8, 1864. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, 1880-82 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1882, but left the institution during his Junior year, 1885, to take up the study of law under the preceptorship of E. B. Wright Esq., AUentown, Pa. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was admitted to the Lehigh County Bar Feb. 9, 1887, and is engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of AUentown. BIOGRAPHICAL. 435 LiCHTENWALNER, JoHK BENJAMIN, 8on of William C. and Amelia C. Lichtenwalner, was born at Pogelsville, Lehigh County, Pa., July 8, 1850. He entered the Sophomore Class in the fall of 1876, but left the institution during the year and entered Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., from which he gradu- ated in 1879. He afterwards pursued a course in medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, graduating in 1882 with the degree of M. D. After his graduation from the University ho moved to Springfield, Sarpy County, Neb., where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1884 he was elected coroner of Sarpy County, Neb. LiEBOLD, Amandus A., Kempton, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1887-88. LxTDWiG, Alvin Theodore, son of George and Sarah C. Lud- wig, was born at Lower Macungie, Lehigh County, Pa., Octo- ber 12, 1855. He prepared for college in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1872, but left the institution during the Sophomore year, and completed his course in Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., graduating in 1876. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1879, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. After his ordination he labored for three years as a missionary at West Point, Neb., since which time he has been engaged in teaching at the same place. McIlvain, Spencer Lightner, son of William and Sarah (Crosby) McHvain, was born at Beading, Pa., April 11, 1852. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg College, 1867-68 ; entered the Freshman Class in the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1868, but left the institu- tion at the close of the scholastic year 1870, in order to engage in business in his native place. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Upsilon Beta Fraternity. Marsteller, Egbert Jacob, son of Samuel Aaron and Leah Marsteller, was born at Fullerton, Pa., November 10, 1864. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allen- 436 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. town ; entered College as a special student in analytical chemis- try in 1881, taking a two years' course. After leaving College he went into business, and since January 1, 1890, has been sec- retary of the Lehigh Iron Company, Allentown, Pa. Mattern, John Walter, son of William and Rebecca (Bdsert) Mattern, was born at Allentown, Pa., December 30, 1847. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1872, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, and finished his course in Capital University, Columbus, Ohio, graduating in 1875. Tn the fall of the same year he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1878, and shortly afterwards was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He has been pastor of Grace Lutheran Church, Phillipsburg, N. J., 1878-82 ; St. John's, Stroudsburg, Pa., 1883-87; and Zion's, Jonestown, Pa., since 1890. He married Blanche Weller, April 15, 1880. He published a sermon in the Somiletical Monthly, Volume Y. Metzger, G-eorge Franklin, son of Jacob D. and Mary Catharine Metzger, was born at Bethlehem, Pa., January 18, 1869. He prepared for college in the Bethlehem Academy, Bethlehem, Pa., September, 1883, to June, 1886, and Lehigh University, 1886-87 ; entered the Sophomore Class of College in the fall of 1888, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After leaving College he studied pharmacy, and since 1889 has been engaged in that business in Bethlehem. Miller, Otho Nesbitt, son of Dr. William H. H. and B. Virginia Miller, was born in Williamsport, Pa., March 11, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Williamsport and under private instructors ; entered the Fresh- man Class of College in the fall of 1876, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, and completed his course at Lafayette College, Easton, graduating in 1880. After grad- • nation he took up the study of law and was admitted to the Bar, July 3, 1883, at Williamsport, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. BIOGRAPHICAL. 437 Morgan, James, son of Thomas B. and Sarah J. Morgan, was born at Eomig's Mills, Lehigh County, Pa., September 1, 1860. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1880-81 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1881, but left the institution in February of the following year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He is engaged in the insurance and real estate business at Altoona, Pa. He married Minnie H. Couch, of Altoona, Pa., July 21, 1887. MossER, George Keck, son of James K. and Maria E. Mosser, was born at Allentown, Pa., December 7, 1862. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, 1877-79 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1879, but left the institution in December of 1881, to engage in business at Tunkhannock Wyoming County, Pa., where he is now located. He married Ida I. Hausman, Sep- tember 4, 1884. Mosser, Henry Solomon, son of James K. and Maria Mosser, was born at Allentown, Pa., September 13, 1857. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1873, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He mar- ried Mary R. G-rim, October 9, 1879, and now resides at New- berry, Pa., where he is engaged in an extensive and prosperous business. MoTER, Alfred C, Eittersville, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but left College at the end of the Sophomore year, 1881. MoTER, Samuel S., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1885-86. Muse, Herbert P. "W., son of W. H. and A. S. Muse, was born at Cetronia, Lehigh County, Pa., February 25, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, 1887-88; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of the same year, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, and is now engaged as civil engineer, having his residence at Allentown. 438 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Nagle, Alpbed, Cherryville, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1873-75, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1875-76 ; during the latter year his address is given at Allen- town. Nepe, Henry Sagendorf, son of George Eugan and Julietta S. Neff, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., September 19, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1886-88 ; entered the Freshman Class in the Collegiate Department in the fall of 1888, but left the institution at the end of the scholastic year 1889. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Frater- nity. On June 11, 1891, he graduated from the Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, and is at present pursuing a course of medicine at Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, expecting to graduate in 1894, with the degree of M. D. His permanent residence is in Philadelphia. Neieper, Milton K., son of Samuel and Catharine Neiffer, was born in Limerick, Montgomery County, Pa., May 27, 1870. He prepared for college in schools at Sumneytown and West Chester and Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He took a course in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and graduated in 1892 with the degree of M. D. He married Mary B. Walt, of Philadelphia, June 30, 1891. Newhard, Harvet L., son of Charles L. and Mary New- hard, was born in Allentown, Pa., February 24, 1855. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of his na- tive place and in Allentown Academy, 1860-68, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1868-72 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1872, but discontinued his connection with the institution during the Sophomore year (1873). After leaving College he took a commercial course in Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., graduating in 1874. He has been engaged in the clothing business in Allen- town since 1876. He married Eliza E. George, Dec. 17, 1891. Nicholas, Llewellyn B., Stemton, Pa., was a pupil in the BIOGRAPHICAL. 439 Academic Department, 1881-82, and a member of the Presh- man Class, 1882-83. NoACKER, S. C, Shippensburg, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1875-76. Paff, Edwin, Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1881-83, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1883-84. Peters, Moses, son of Eeuben and Sarah Peters, was born near Slatington, Lehigh County, Pa., June 8, 1851. He re- ceived his preparatory training in Wyoming Seminary, Kings- ton, Pa., graduating June 29, 1870 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the spring of 1871, but left the institution during his Junior year, 1873, to complete his course at Ursinus College, OoUegeville, Pa., graduating June 25, 1874. While at Muhlenberg he was a member of the Euterpean Literary So- ciety. He entered the Theological Department of Tale Uni- versity in the fall of 1874, and graduated May 17, 1877, with the degree of B. D. In October of the same year he was or- dained to the ofSce of the ministry in the Reformed Church, and was pastor of St. John's Eeformed Church, Hamburg, Pa., 1877-80. Since the year 1881 he has been engaged in college work, with the exception of 1887-88, when he was engaged in study in Europe. At present he is professor of Chemistry and K"atural History in Ursinus College, and of New Testament Greek and New Testament Theology in the Theological De- partment of the same institution at Collegeville, Pa. Plitt, George Lewis, son of the Eev. John K. and Mary A. Plitt, was born in Warren County, N. J., January 8, 1861. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Catasauqua, Pa., graduating from the High School in 1876, and under the instruction of his father ; entered the Fresh- man Class in the fall of 1877, but left the institution on December 1 of the same year. In September of the following year he entered the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (his parents having in the mean time removed to the city), and graduated in 1882, He was a member of the Sophronian Lit- erary Society at Muhlenberg. Since graduation he has de- voted his time to teaching in Philadelphia and preparing 440 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. young men for entrance into the University of Pennsylvania. He is at present connected with George F. Martin's School for Boys. He married Adelaide Little, of Philadelphia, February 10, 1891. Peetz, William jST., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1867-68, and a member of the Freshman Class, taking an irregular course, 1868-69. Eath, Ezra Clyde, son of Alexander B. and Emma C. Eath, was born at Schoolcraft, Mich., February 18, 1871. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the public schools of Allen- town and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, spend- ing three years (1882-85) in the latter ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1885, but left the institution at the close of his Sophomore year, 1887, to engage in teaching. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He has been engaged in teaching at North Branch, Kan., since September, 1890. Eeber, Frank L., Weissport, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1880-82, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1882-83. Eeinhard, Milton Uriah, son of Lewis H. and Hannah Eeinhard, was born at Salisbury, Lehigh County, Pa., August 12, 1876. He prepared for college in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, 1884-88 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of the latter year, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, after which he took a business course in the American Business College, Allentown, graduating in 1889. He is now engaged as book-keeper in the city of Allen- town. EentzheimeRj William Henry, son of Tobias E. and Susanna B. Eentzheimer, was born at Hellertown, Pa., March 15, 1860. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place, Schwartz's Academy, Bethlehem, Pa., and in the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1877, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, 1879. He was a member of the Eu- terpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He pursued a course of study in the Medical Department of the University BIOGRAPHICAL. 441 of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and graduated on March 15, 1882, with the degree of M. D., also being one of the honor men of his class. He married Ella B. Beidelman, August 3, 1879, and resides at Hellertown, where he is engaged in the practice of his profession. Eepass, Lewis Hancock, son of the Eev. Dr. Stephen A. and Fannie B. Eepass, was born at Salem, Ya., December 29, 1872. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown and the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, spending one year, 1889-90, in the latter; in the fall of 1890 he entered the Freshman Class of College as a special student, but discontinued his connection with the class at the close of the scholastic year, in order to pursue a course in stenography. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Ehoads, Thomas Leidt, son of Dr. Thomas J. B. and Theresa (Leidy) Ehoads, was born at Boyertown, Berks County, Pa., April 10, 1870. He received his preparatory training in Hill School, Pottstown, Pa., and Maryland Military and Naval Academy, Oxford, Md. ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1887, but left the institution at the close of tlie Junior year, to take up the study of medicine. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity at Muhlenberg. In the Junior oratorical contest, 1890, he received honorable mention. He is at present a stu- dent at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and expects to graduate in 1893. Ehodes, Johnson G., Bast Stroudsburg, Pa., a brother of the Eev. George H. Ehodes, deceased ('72), was a member of the Freshman Class, 1877-78. Afterwards he studied law and is now located in Fresno City, Cal. EiCHARDS, George "Warren, son of Milton S. and Louisa M. Eichards, was born at Farmington, Faj-ette County, Pa., April 26, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic DejDartment of Muhlenberg; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1883, but left the institution at the close of the Junior year, and completed his course at Franklin and Marshall Col- lege, Lancaster, Pa., graduating June 16, 1887. He was a 29 442 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He took a post graduate course in Europe, was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, June 14, 1890, and since October 1, of the same year, has been assistant pastor of Salem Eeformed Church, Allentown, Pa. He married Mary A. Mosser, October 19, 1890. EuHE, Samuel J., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1886-87 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1887, but left College during his Sophomore year, 1889. EuPLEY, Daniel B., Lancaster, Pa., entered the Preshman Class in the fall of 1869, and continued with his class until the latter part of Senior year, 1873. He resides at present at Catawissa, Pa. * Etjpp, Henry B., Litzenberg, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1873-75, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1875-76. He died somewhere about the year 1878. Eupp, Thomas J., Litzenberg, Pa., brother of Henry B., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1877-78. After leaving Muhlenberg, he spent two terms in the Freshman Class of Lafayette College. Sadtler, Albert, son of the Eev. Dr. Benjamin and Caroline Sadller, was born at Lutherville, Md., May 14, 1868. He pre- pared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1885, but left the institution in January, 1886. He was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. He worked on a ranch in Nebraska, 1886-87 ; was in business in Baltimore, 1887-89 ; and engaged in silver-mining in Colorado, 1889-91, since which time he has been pursuing a course as mining engineer and metallurgist in the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo. Sadtler, Edwin Beale, son of the Eev. Dr. Benjamin and Caroline Elizabeth Sadtler, was born at Easton, Pa., April 10, 1862. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1878 but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, June, , 1880. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He took a special course in mechanical engineering in the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and graduated in June BIOGRAPHICAL. 443 1883, with the degree of B. S. Since 1883 he has been engaged in ship-building, and since January of 1887 as foreman ship draughtsman at Harlan & Hollings worth Company, Wilmington, Del. He married Mary M. Sparks, April 3, 1889. Sadtler, John George, sou of the Eev. Dr. (ex-president of Muhlenberg College) Benjamin and Caroline Sadtler, was born at Lutherville, Md., March 30, 1867. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1883, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, 1885, and finished his course in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., the family having removed to that city after the doctor's resignation of the presidency of Muhlenberg College. The subject of this sketch was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society at Muhlenberg. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, 1889-91, and University of Leipzic, 1891-92, with a view of entering the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was co-editor of Debutante, Baltimore, Md., 1889. * Sands, Morris F., son of Eeuben S. and Sarah Sands, was born in Upper Hanover Township, Montgomery County, Pa., July 11, 1854. He prepared for college in Kutztown Normal School and Perkiomen Seminary, Pennsburg ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1879, but was com- pelled, on account of ill-health, to relinquish his studies at the close of the scholastic year. For some time he filled a position as teller in a branch office of Perkiomen Bank of East Green- ville, at Macungie, Pa. He died November 7, 1881, at the age of twenty-seven years, three months, and twenty-seven days. Sandwat, William F., Eochester, N. Y., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1870-71. Satler, a. E., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1875-76. Saylor, B. P., Crooked Hill, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1877-79 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but left College at the end of Sophomore year, 1881. Schantz, Elmer Edwin Hillegass, son of Eeuben S. and Amelia (Hillegass) Schantz, was born at Gerryville, Bucks 444 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. County, Pa., September 16, 1862. He prepared for college in Kutztown Normal School, 1885-86; entered the Freshman Class on September 5, 1885, but was compelled, on account of ill-health, to relinquish his studies during the Sophomore year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After leaving College he spent three months in Florida; he then went to Southern Kansas, where he devoted himself to the study of theology, and was licensed by the Kansas Synod of the Lutheran Church, October 28, 1888, and spent a year in missionary work at Portland, Kan. Being desirous to com- plete his college course, he resumed his studies at Midland College, Atchison, Kan., September 16, 1889, graduating in 1892. He spent the summer vacation of 1890 in supplying the pulpit of the First English Lutheran Church, Litchfield, 111., and that of 1891 as assistant pastor of the Colorado Springs Lutheran Church. ScHEFFLER, Jacob J., born at Bath, Pa., February 28, 1866, was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1880-82, and then took a special course in analytical chemistry and mineralogy, 1882-83, and in 1886 graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, with the degree of M. D. He is at present located at Bangor, Pa., engaged in the practice of his profession. Schmidt, Evan W., Allentown, Pa., entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1882, but left College at the end of Sopho- more year, 1885. ScHKADEE, James "W., Hamburg, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1880-81, and a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1881-82. Schwartz, John. L., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1879-82; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1882, and left College at the end of Junior year, 1885. Seaman, John S., Altoona, Pa., was a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1881-82. Seel, Christian, son of Christian and Magdalena Seel, was born at Eochester, N. Y., July 18, 1853. He received his preparatory training in Hartwiek Seminary, New York ; entered BIOGRAPHICAL. 445 the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, but left the institution in March of the following year. He married Mary Louisa Nagle, May 23, 1882. Senn, Emanuel John, son of Nicholas and Aurelia (Mill- houser) Senn, was born in Fond du Lac County, Wis., Novem- ber 18, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the pub- lic schools of Milwaukee, Wis.; entered the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg in 1889, and the Freshman Class, as an irregular student, in the fall of 1889, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year. He was a member of the Sophrouian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. Later he took up the study of medicine and took a course at the Eush Medical College, Chicago, 111. While in connection ■with this institution he was, for some time, editor of the Corpuscle, the literary organ of the college. Shaner, George Oliver Prutzman, son of George H. and Susannah (Prutzman) Shaner, was born at Einging Eoeks, near Pottstown, Pa., July 27, 1850. He received his prepara- tory training at Mount Pleasant Seminary, Boyertown, Pa. ; entered the Freshman Class of College on September 1, 1871, but left the institution in December, 1872, in order to enter the profession of teaching, which he has since followed, with the exception of a few years, when he held the position of station- agent for the Philadelphia and Eeading Eailroad Company, 1875-77, and shipping-clerk of Pencoyd Iron Company, 1885. In 1874-75 he took a course at the National School of Elocution, Philadelphia, and at present is a student in the Boston Home School. He is principal of a school at Marshalton, Chester County, Pa. He married Kate E. Hartenstine in 1874. Shimer, George E., AUentown, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1878-79. Shimer, William H., AUentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1875-78, and a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1878-79. Shissler, Walter Toppan, son of Edward and Louisa Shiss- ler, was born at Minersville, Pa., August 31, 1852. He re- ceived his preparatory training in the schools of his native place and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 446 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1867-69 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1869 as an irregular student, but left the institution during the year, in order to learn the trade of printing. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He learned his trade at Potts- ville, Pa., beginning February 28, 1870, and for a time worked on the Pottsville Miners' Journal. Since 1879 he has held posi- tions as follows : foreman Leadville Daily Reveille, Colorado, 1879; Prescott Daily Arizonian, 1880; Leadville Evening Chronicle, 1880-81; Rocky Mountain News, Denver, Colo., since 1881. He married Mary B. Beggs, Denver, Colo., De- cember 17, 1884. Sieger, Clinton W., Orefield, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1870-71 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, but left College at the end of Sophomore year, 1873, to take up the study of medicine. After taking a full course in medicine, he graduated with the degree of M. D., and located at Catasauqua, Pa., where he is at present engaged in the practice of his profession. Smith, John F., Eeading, Pa., was a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1868-69; he graduated from St. Mary's College in 1881, and took a resident graduate course in physics and modern languages at Lafayette College, 1885-86. Smith, Lewis TiiArGER, son of William and Sarah B. Smith, was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., September 11, 1846. He entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1868, but left the institution in January, 1869, in order to take up the study of medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating in 1876, with the degree of M. D. He married Hattie M. Speers in 1874, and is engaged in the practice of his profession at Greensburg, Pa. Snyder, Charles W., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1884-86 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1886, but left College at the close of Sophomore year, 1888. Snyder, Leon A., Saegersville, Pa., was a member of the < Freshman Class, 1871-72. SoLELiAo, Bdward Auguste, SOU of Louis and Blla Soleliac, was born in New York City, September 14, 1873. He prepared BIOGRAPHICAL. 447 for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888, but left the in- stitution at the end of the scholastic year, 1889, to take a special course at Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa. He expects to graduate in 1893. "While at Muhlenberg he was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Praternity. His residence at present is Allen town. Pa. Spaeth, H. Douglas, son of the Eev. Dr. Adolph and Maria Dorothea (Duncan) Spaeth, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oc- tober 18, 1870. He received his preparatory training in the Episcopal Academy, Philadelphia, 1884-88 ; entered the Fresh- man Class in Muhlenberg in the fall of 1888, but left the insti- tution in the following May (1889), to continue his studies in the University of Pennsylvania. He entered the Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1890. During his stay at Muhlenberg, be was a member of the Soph- ronian Literary Society. Since October, 1891, he has been or- ganist of St. Johannis German Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, of which his father is the pastor. Steinmetz, Henry C, Philadelphia, entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1879, but left College at the close of Sopho- more year, 1881. Stem, George Preston, son of William and Anna Eliza Stem, was born at Cherry ville, Pa., December 4, 1864. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, 1881-82; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1882, but left the. institution at the end of Junior year, 1885, to finish his course in Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., graduating in 1886. At the end of his Sophomore year at Muhlenberg, 1884, he received the botanical prize given by Mrs. "William Singerly, of Philadelphia. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied theology in the Reformed Theological Seminary, Lan- caster, Pa., graduating May 14, 1891, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, July 5, 1891, since which time he has been pastor of the Eeformed Church of the Eedeemer, Littlestown, Adams County, Pa. He married Elizabeth M. Laubach, June 16, 1891. 448 MUHLENBEH<^ COLLEGE. Stem, Haevey N., Stemton, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1885-86, and a member of the Freshman Class, 1886-87. Stem, Preston Eugene, son of George H. and C. Elizabeth Stem, was born at Coplay, Pa., July 2, 1856. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1869-72 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of the latter year, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, and com- pleted his course at Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., graduating in 1876. He took a course in medicine in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia, and graduated March 4, 1880, with the degree of M. D. He married Otellia I. Lawall in 1881 and now resides in South Bethlehem, where he is engaged in the practice of his profession. Stettler, William H., Litzenberg, Pa., entered the Fresh- man Class in the fall of 1886, but left the institution at the close of the Sophomore year, 1888. Stiles, Harry G., son of Hon. John L. Stiles, was born in Allentown, Pa. ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1874, but at the end of Sophomore he left College, to take up the study of law under his distinguished father, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in his native city. Stine, "William, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Soph- omore Class, 1876-77. Stopp, Samuel Augustus Bridges, son of John and Ella Catilia M. Stopp, was born in Allentown, Pa., March 19, 1875. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, 1886-90; entered the Freshman Class September 4, 1890, but discontinued his studies in 1892. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Stover, Asher T., Easton, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1868-69, and a member of the Freshman Class, pursuing an irregular course, 1869-70. Straub, Granville A., Fogelsville, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1878-79, and a member of the Fresh- man Class, 1879-80. Styer, George Washington, son of Peter and Elbina Styer, was born at Churchtown, Lancaster County, Pa., July 1, 1867. BIOGRAPHICAL. 449 He received his preparatory training in Millersville Normal School, 1885 and 1887; and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1888-89. He entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1889, but left the institution before the close of the scholastic year. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In August, 1890, he entered the Theological Depart- ment of Missionary Institute, Selinsgrove, Pa., with a view of preparing for the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He is at present supplying the Lutheran congregation at Ma- haffey, Clearfield County, Pa. His address is Gettysburg. SwARTZ, Walter C, AUentown, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1888-89, but left the institution in June, 1890. He is a son of Christian and S. C. Swartz, and was born in Allen- town, Pa., August 7, 1871. He received his preparatory train- ing in the public schools of AUentown. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After leaving Muhlenberg, he entered Lehigh University, in order to take a course in mechanical engineering. Taggart, Stephen, Hazleton, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1870-73, and was a member of the Freshman Class, 1873-74. Thomas, John D., Slatington, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1874-76, a member of the Freshman Class, 1876- 77, and again a member of the Sophomore Class, 1878-79. * Troxell, Titus S., Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1885-88, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888, but died during the scholastic year. Ulrich, Charles Percival, son of Jonathan K. and Harriet TJlrieh, was born at Selinsgrove, Snyder County, Pa., January 31, 1853. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of his native place and at Missionary Institute, Selins- grove ; entered the Junior Class of College in the fall of 1874, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, in oi'der to take up the study of law. He was admitted to the Bar on March 1, 1878, and opened an office in his native place, where he has built up a successful practice. He married Laura C. Davis, of Selinsgrove, Pa., January 3, 1882. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. 450 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Wackernagel, Carl H., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1887-88. He is a son of Eev. William Wackernagel, D. D., professor of German in Muhlenberg. * Walborn, Franklin Pierce, son of Edward and Elizabeth Walborn, was born at Tremont, Schuylkill County, Pa., Sep- tember 5, 1853. He prepared for college in Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa., 1868-72 ; entered the Junior Class in the fall of 1872, and died at his home in Myerstown, Pa., May 5, 1873, aged nineteen years and eight months. Wartman, George A., Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1871-72. Weller, Harvey Americus, son of Dr. Joseph and Sarah (Kern) Weller, was born at Trexlertown, Lehigh County, Pa., July 8, 1859. He received his preparatory training at Pen- nington Seminary, N. J., 1873-74, and Ursinus College, Col- legeville, Pa., 1875-76 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1877, bat left the institution at the close of Soph- omore year in order to take up the study of law. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He studied law with Hon. Evan Holben, Allentown, and was admitted to the practice of his profession in 1882. In 1887 he began the study of theology under the preceptorship of the Eev. Enoch Smith, Bethlehem, in the mean time residing at Hecktown, and teach- ing a select school and occupying the office of justice of the peace. In the fall of 1888 he entered the Senior Class in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated in 1889, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Im- mediately after his ordination he became pastor of the Orwigs- burg parish. He married Ada J. Desch in 1877. Welty, Henry Sylvester Chester, son of Charles Henry and Meta Maria Welty, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 29, 1869. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place and Kutztown formal School, 1885-87 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1887, but left the institution at the close of the scholastic year, 1888, in order to finish his course at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., and graduated in 1891. During his time at Muhlenberg he was BIOGRAPHICAL. 451 a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. In the fall of 1891 he entered Princeton Theological Seminary, and will graduate in 1894. Wenner, Haret Clinton, son of Peter and Maria B. Wen- ner, was born in Allentown, Pa., June 9, 1864. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, gradu- ating from the High School in June, 1880 ; entered the Fresh- man Class in Muhlenberg in the fall of 1880, but on account of sickness was compelled to discontinue his course during his Sophomore year, 1882. He was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Since leaving College he has been engaged in business pursuits. Wenner, Wilson C, Emaus, Pa., was a member of the Freshman Class, 1877-78. Wenrich, Simon S., son of the Eev. Samuel and Sarah (Mohler) Wenrich, was born at Eeinhold's Station, Lancaster County, Pa., August 29, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1885-87; entered the Freshman Class September 1, 1887, but left the institution December 1 of the same year, to continue his course in Thiel College, Greenville, Pa. In 1890 he entered the profession of teaching, and is at present (1892) located at Huntingdon, Pa. Weston, Henry Calvin, son of Silas K. and Hannah Wes- ton, was born at Cherryville, Pa., September 26, 1857. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1874-75 ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1875, but left the institution during the year. After leaving College he went to South Bend, Ind., arriving May 22, 1876 ; was employed as book-keeper by the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, one of the largest wagon factories in the world, and remained in their employ until 1885, when he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. But feeling the need of a more thorough training, he entered the Theological Seminary at Greencastle, Ind., September 19, 1889, and ex- pects to graduate in 1893. He married Mary S. Bovey, No- vember 24, 1887. White, Frederick Charles, son of John and Eachel White, was born at Pittsfield, Mass., March 26, 1871. He prepared 452 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1885- 87 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1887, but left College at the close of the Sophomore year. He was a mem- ber of the Sophronian Literary Society, Franklin Eeading- Eoom Association, College Missionary Society, Athletic Asso- ciation, and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was engaged in the study of analytical chemistry and bacteriology at Al- bany Medical College, 1889-90, and in the United States Brewers' Academy, New York City, 1890-91, since which time he has been engaged in the brewing business at Pittsfield, Mass. WiEAND, "Victor H. S., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1867-70; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1870, but left College at the end of the Junior year, 1873. Wilson, A. B. Courtland, Masontown, Pa., was a member of the Sophomore Class, 1869-70. Wilson, Francis S., Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1873-74 ; was admitted to the Freshman Class in the fall of 1874, and continued with the class until the close of the Senior year, but did not graduate, owing to the fact that he did not pursue the regular course during the Senior year, 1878. * WissER, Phaon p., was born near Catasauqua, Pa., Janu- ary 5, 1859, and died at Hokendaqua, Pa., August 29, 1891, at the age of thirty-two years, seven months, and twenty-four days. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1875-77 ; was admitted to the Freshman Class in 1877, but left College during his Junior year, 1881. He studied theology in the Lu- theran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1881-84, was or- dained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, during Trinity week, 1884, and immediately afterwards became pastor at Mount Joy, Pa., where he i-emained until January, 1886. He resigned his pastorate on account of sickness, and retired from the active duties of the ministry in order to recuperate his health. In October, 1887, he had so far recovered that he assumed the pastoral duties of two congregations, Sehlictcr's and East BIOGRAPHICAL. 453 Allentown, residing at Sellersville, and served them faithfully until his death. * Wolfe, James B., Pittsburg, Pa,, was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1870-71, was admitted to the Freshman Class in the fall of 1871, and continued with the class until the close of Sophomore year, when he left the institution. He died in Pittsburg, Pa., August 8, 1884. Wolfe, William B., Pittsburg, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1872-73 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1873, but left College at the close of Junior year to engage in business in Pittsburg, Pa. WooLEVER, Harkt, Allentown, Pa., was a pupil in the Aca- demic Department, 1879-80, and pursued a special course in analytical chemistrj' and minei'alogy, 1881-84. WooLEVER, Samuel, Allentown, Pa., spent the scholastic year 1882-83 in the special study of analytical chemistry and mineralogy. Wucherer, George, son of Gottlieb and Sophia M. (Staiger) Wucherer, was born at Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, February 10, 1856. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1876, but left the institution at the close of the Junior year. He was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Since 1881 he has been engaged in brick manufac- turing. He married Sophy H. Vaux, July 8, 1885, and now resides in Pittsburg, Pa. Yeakel, Irwin, Allentown, Pa., was a member of the Fresh- man Class as an irregular student, 1878-79. Yeakel, John L., Barren Hill (Lafayette Hill post-oflflce). Pa., was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1869-70, and was admitted to the Freshman Class in the fall of 1870, but left College at the close of Sophomore year, 1872. Young, Edward Mark, son of Edward B. and Mary A. Young, was born at Allentown, Pa., September 24, 1866. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1881, but left the institution during his Junior year, January 1, 1884, in order to become a member of the hardware firm of M. S. Young 454 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and Company, Allentown, Pa. He was a member of the Bu- terpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He married Kate E. Anewalt, Allentown, Pa., January 27, 1891. * ToiTNG, Harry Joseph, son of Edward B. and Mary A. Young, was born at Allentown, Pa., September 6, 1862. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1877, but left College during the Junior year, January 1, 1880, in order to enter the hardware firm of M. S. Young & Co., Allentown. He ■was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Chi Phi Fraternity. He died June 16, 1888, at the age of twenty-five years, eight months, and ten days. * YoTJNG, John Jacob, son of John and Elizabeth (Lusch)' Young, was born at Danville, Pa., November 29, 1859, and died July 18, 1878, aged eighteen years, seven months, and eighteen days. He received his preparatory training at Danville Acad- emy, 1870-73, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1876-77 ; entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1877, but died during the year. III.— UNDEKGKADUATES. SBNIOES.— CLASS OF '92. Beck, Clarence, son of George Ezra and Mary Beck, was born at Stone Church, Northampton County, Pa., June 8, 1870. He prepared for college under the private instruction of Eevs. A. F. Kraut and J. W. Lazarus, 1886-88 ; entered the Freshman Class of College, September 8, 1888. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association. He was literary editor of The Muhlenberg from February to June in 1891. After graduating he expects to take up the study of law. He divided third honor with Mr. Bertolet. Bernheim, Oscar Frederick, son of the Eev. Dr. Grotthardt BIOGRAPHICAL. 455 Dellman and Elizabeth (Clayton) Bernheim, was born at Mount Pleasant, N. C, November 16, 1868. He received his pre- paratory training in private schools at Wilmington, N". C, and in North Carolina College, Mount Pleasant, N. C, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College. He entered College in the fall of 1888, a member of the Freshman Class. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, of Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association (president of the same, 1891-92), and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was editor of " Locals" of The Muhlenberg, September, 1891, to February, 1892, and editor-in-chief of the same, September, 1891, to February, 1892. His present address is Wilmington, N. C. Bertolet, Ulysses Grant, son of Samuel S. and Malinda Bertolet, was born at Fagleysville, Montgomery County, Pa., April 23, 1866. He prepared for college at Ursinus College and under private instruction ; entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He was for some time sub-editor of The Muhlenberg. He expects to study theology. His address is Fagleysville, Pa. He divided third honor with Mr. Beck. Beysher, Edwin Montgomery Franklin, son of Edwin N. and Eebecca E. Beysher, was born at Eed Hill, Montgomery County, Pa., September 21, 1871. He prepared for college at Perkiomen Seminary, Pennsburg, Pa., 1885-87, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1887-88. He entered tbe Freshman Class of College, September 5, 1888. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, Athletic Associa- tion, Base Ball-Club, — manager of the latter club for the season of 1889-90, — and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was business manager of The Muhlenberg, January, 1890, to January, 1891, and editor-in-chief, September, 1891, to January, 1892. After graduation he intends to study theology. His address is Philadelphia. BuTZ, Harvey Peyton, son of Jonathan and Eliza Jane Butz, was born at Breinigsville, Lehigh County, Pa., April 8, 1871. He received his preparatory training at the Kutztown Normal School, 1884-85, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1886-88, and entered the Freshman Class in the 456 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. fall of 1888. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary- Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was editor of " Personals" of The Muhlenberg, January to June, 1891, and exchange editor, January to June, 1892. His present address is Breinigsville. DoERR, Frederick, son of John and Eegina Doerr, was born in Lancaster, Pa., September 20, 1864. He prepared for college under Revs. C. L. Fry and C. E. Haupt, Lancaster, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Soj^hronian Literary Society and the College Missionary Society. He was business manager of The Muh- lenberg, 1890-92. After graduation he will study theology at Mount Airy. His present address is Lancaster. Merkel, John Eichmond, son of Samuel D. and Amelia Dietrich Merkel, was born in Greenwich Township, Berks County, Pa., September 2, 1868. He received his preparatory training at Kutztown Normal School, graduating in the ele- mentary course in 1888 and in the scientific course in 1890. He entered the Junior Class of College, September 4, 1890. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He will enter the profession of teach- ing after graduation. His address is Klinesville, Pa. He has received second honor. Ramer, Adam Latjbenstein, son of Jacob and Mary (Lauben- stein) Earner, was born at Eagle Point, Berks County, Pa., January 5, 1867. He took a three years' course at the Kutz- town Normal School, graduating in 1887, with the degree of Bachelor of Elements. He entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He and Leo Wise wrote the play, which was rendered in Music Hall in 1889, in connection with the cremation of Livy at the end of Freshman year. He has received first honor with valedictory, and also the Butler Analogy prize, 1892. He expects to take up the study of theology. His present address is Virginsville, Pa. Eichards, Henry Branson, son of Henry Melchior Muhlen- berg and Ella (Van Leed) Eichards, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., February 5, 1873. He received his preparatory training BIOGRAPHICAL. 457 in the public schools of Beading, graduating from the High School in 1889 ; and entered the Sophomore Class of College, September 5, 1889. He received honorable mention in connec- tion with the Junior oratorical contest in 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, College Missionary Society, Athletic Association, and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. After graduation he will take up the study of theology. His address is Beading, Pa. Spieker, Charles Garash, son of the Bev. Dr. George F. and Hannah Spieker, was born in Maxatawny Township, Berks County, Pa., October 4, 1870. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1886-88, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He resides at Allentown, Pa. Spieker, Frederick William, son of the Bev. Dr. George F. and Hannah Spieker, was born at Kutztown, Berks County, Pa., ITovember 22, 1871. He prepared for college in the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, 1886-88, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. His address is Allentown, Pa. Stetler, Isaac Henry, son of the Bev. Daniel M. and Annie Stetler, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 14, 1869. He prepared for college under the instruction of his father and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888. He received the Alumni prize for the best oration in the Junior oratorical contest in 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation he expects to study theology at Mount Airy. He resides with his parents at Mahanoy, Pa. Trapeord, Edward Henry, son of Samuel B. and Bebeeca Trafford, was born at Monroe Valley, Pa., November 28, 1867. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1887-88, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888. He received the Eliza Botanical prize in 1890. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, and editor of The Muhlenberg for 1892. He expects to study theology at Mount Aiiy. His address is Annville, Pa. 30 458 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Ulrioh, Paul Stewakt, son of A. Stanley and Martha Elizabeth (Eichter) TJlrich, was born at Lebanon, Pa., March 26, 1870. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Lebanon, graduating from the High School in 1888, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was a " page" in the Senate of Penn- sylvania during the session of 1885. His residence is in Lebanon, where he expects to study law in the office of his distinguished father. Wise, Leo, son of James and Buselio Wise, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 27, 1873. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1888. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was editor of The Muhlenberg during part of his Senior year. He resides in Allentown, where he has registered as " Student at Law,'' with the expectation of entering the legal profession. JUNIOES, '93. Albright, Eodekick Edwin, son of Judge Edwin and Ee- becca Albright, was born in Allentown, Pa., September 25, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1886-89, and entered the Freshman Class, Sep- tember 6, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was a member of the editorial staff of Giarla. He has the study of medicine in view. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Anewalt, Samuel B., son of Samuel and K. Anewalt, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 1, 1874. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class, September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Brobst, William B., son of Dr. John A. and Sybilla Brobst, was born at Bernville, Berks County, Pa., January 21, 1871. He prepared for college in the schools of his native place, and BIOGRAPHICAL. 459 entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He has the study of medicine in view. Eesidence, Bernville, Pa. Ebert, Alfred Oliver, son of Amandes and Sarah A. Ebert, was born in Lynn Township, Lehigh County, Pa., February 19, 1870. He prepared for college in select schools and while engaged in teaching public school, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Residence, New Tripoli, Pa. Gable, Charles J., son of the Eev. Zeneas H. and Thusie G. Gable, was born at Scenery Hill, Washington County, Pa., March 26, 1871. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Eeading, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Liter- ary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Eesidence, Eeading, Pa. Kercher, George Ambrose, son of Harry K. and Sarah A. (Schmoyer) Kercher, was born near Fogelsville, Lehigh County, Pa., August 17, 1864. He prepared for college at the Kutz- town Normal School, and entered the Freshman Class of Col- lege in the fall of 1889. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society, and was business manager of The Muhlenberg in 1891, and a member of the editoral staff of Ciarla, 1892. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Kutztown, Pa. ■ KuNKLE, Edwin Timothy, son of James and Elizabeth Kunkle, was born at Kresgeville, Monroe County, Pa., Sep- tember 16, 1868. He prepared for college at Fairview Acad- emy, Brodheadsville, Pa., 1887-88, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, and was literary editor of The Muhlenberg in 1891, and a member of the editorial staff of Ciarla, 1892. He expects to devote himself to teaching. Eesi- dence, Kresgeville, Pa. Laub, William Oscar, son of Lewis F. and Ellen Laub, was born at Kreidersville, Pa., October 22, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1888-89, 460 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1889. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society and of Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He was a member of the editorial staff of Giarla, 1892. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Sieg- fried's Bridge, Pa. Leibenspekger, Ambrose William, son of Stephen and H. Susanna (Deisher) Leibensperger, was born at Maxatawny, Pa., January 1, 1874. He received his preparatory training at Kutztown Iforraal School and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Maxa- tawny, Pa. LiCHTENWALNER, Charles Levi, SOU of Frank S. and Mary A. (Butz) Lichtenwalner, was born near Trexlertown, Pa., Sep- tember 8, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1887-89, and entered the Fresh- man Class in September, 1889. He is a member of the Euter- pean Literary Society. He was a member of the editorial staff of Giarla, 1892. He expects to devote himself to teach- ing. Residence, Alburtis, Pa. LuTZ, Harvey B., son of Joseph K. and Prances Jane Lutz, was born at Blainsport, Lancaster County, Pa., June 26, 1872. He prepared for college at Palatinate College, Myerstown, Pa., and entered the Freshman Class of Muhlenberg in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. Eesidence, Blainsport, Pa. Miller, Joshua, son of Jacob D. and Elizabeth (Houser) Miller, was born January 2, 1868. He received his preparatory training at Fairview Academy, Brodheadsville, Pa., and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He was a mem- ber of the editorial staff of Oiarla, 1892. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Gilberts, Pa. MossER, Edwin Jacob, son of Levi J. and Polly Mosser, was . born at li^ew Tripoli, Pa., liTovember 16, 1870. He prepared for college at Kutztown Normal School, 1888-89, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He re- BIOGRAPHICAL. 461 ceived the German prize in Sophomore year. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fra- ternity. He was the business manager for the publication of Ciarla, 1892. Eesidence, Stein's Corner, Pa. MossER, William Franklin, son of David S. and Catharine Mosser, was born at New Tripoli, Pa., April 21, 1866. He pre- pared for college in select schools at his native place, and en- tered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and the Col- lege Missionary Society. He taught public school for five years prior to entering College. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, New Tripoli, Pa. EiCK, William, son of G. M. and S. A. Eick, was born at Millersburg, Berks County, Pa. He prepared for college at Kutztown Normal School, and entered the Sophomore Class of College, September 4, 1890. He is a member of the Eut^rpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He drew the cuts for Ciarla, published by the class in 1892. Eesidence, Bethel, Pa. Eoos, Charles E., son of John and Catharine (Bsehbach) Eoos, was born at New Hanover, Pa., April 28, 1869. He re- ceived his preparatory training at West Chester Normal School, 1886-87, Academy at Pottstown, 1888, and Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, 1889, and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1889. He is a member of the Euterpean Lit- erary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, New Hanover, Pa. Schmoter, Melville Benjamin Charles, son of Benjamin J. and Matilda E. Schmoyer, was born near Trexlertown, Lehigh County, Pa., October 12, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1889. He is a mem- ber of the Euterpean Literary Society and College Missionary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Trexler- town, Pa. Sieger, Petreus George, son of Owen and Sallie A. (Eeber) Sieger, was born at Orefield, Lehigh County, Pa., December 26, 1870. He prepared for college at Kutztown Normal School, 462 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. 1888-89, and entered the Freshman Class of College in Septem- ber, 1889. He received the Sophomore Botanical prize in 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was literary editor of The Muh- lenberg during the latter half of Junior year, 1891-92, and a member of the editorial staff of Giarla, published by '93. He expects to devote himself to teaching. Eesidence, Stetlers- ville. Pa. Smoyer, Wilson George, son of Benjamin P. and Sallie A. Smoyer, was born February 21, 1871. 'He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1887-89, and en- tered the Freshman Class in September, 1889. Prior to enter- ing College he took a course in Allentown Business College, from which he graduated April 27, 1887. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Stetler, E[jgene, son of the Eev. Daniel M. and Barbara Anna Stetler, was born at Frederick, Montgomery County, Pa., September 29, 1870. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1888-89, and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1889. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Mahanoy, Pa. Yetter, Harry Austin, son of John B. and Caroline Yetter, was born at Stroudsburg, Pa., April 28, 1872. He prepared for college at Kutztown Normal School, 1889-90, and entered the Sophomore Class of College, September 3, 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He was editor of Personals of The Muh- lenberg, and editor-in-chief of Ciarla, published by '93. He re- ceived the Junior prize in 1892. He expects to study law. Eesidence, Marshall's Creek, Pa. SOPHOMOEES, '94. De Long, Preston Alfred, son of Alfred W. and Jane A. De Long, was born at Eock Dale, Lehigh County, Pa., January 14, 1873. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1889, and entered the Freshman Class of College, September 4, BIOGRAPHICAL. 463 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Eesidenee, AUentown, Pa. Druckenmiller, George D., son of Enos and Elizabeth Druckenmiller, was born at Hereford, Berks County, Pa., Feb- ruary 26, 1864. He prepared for college in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1890. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Eesidenee, Old Zionsville, Pa. Erdman, Ira Thurman, son of Lewis B. and Alice M. Erd- man, was born at Euchsville, Lehigh County, Pa., October 10, 1873. He received his preparatory training in the public schools of AUentown, graduating from the High School in 1890, and entered the Freshman Class of College in September, 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidenee, AUentown, Pa. Erdman, Max S., son of Constantine J. and Mary Erdman, was born in AUentown, Pa., July 20, 1876. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1889-90, and entered the Freshman Class in 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, College Missionary Society, Franklin Eeading-Eoom Association, Athletic Association of the Class of '94, and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. Gross, Malcolm "W., son of George T. and Elizabeth Gross, was born in AUentown, Pa., October 14, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. Eesidenee, AUentown, Pa. Heintz, Jacob "William Henry, son of Jacob and M. J. Heintz, was born at Frederick City, Md., June 16, 1868. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1890. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. Eesi- denee, Philadelphia. Hetl, Allen Van, son of Dr. Erwin and Mary Elizabeth (Apple) Heyl, was born at Columbus, Ohio, June 30, 1875. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1886-90, and entered the Freshman Class in 464 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. September, 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He received the Botanical prize in 1892. Residence, Philadelphia. Kerschner, Charles Alfred, son of Charles and Julia Ann (Wei da) Kerschner, was born at Eothrocks, Berks County, Pa., December 31, 1860. He prepared for college at Kutz- town Normal School, and entered the Sophomore Class in the fall of 1891, pursuing a special course. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Married to Sarah A. Klotz, December 17, 1885. Eesidence, Stetlersville, Pa. KisTLER, William Ulysses, son of William S. and Maria (Grim) Kistler, was born near Lynnville, Lehigh County, Pa., February 10, 1869. He prepared for college in a select school at Lynnville, and entered the Freshman Class -of College in September, 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidence, Lynnville, Pa. Kline, Harry Charles, son of Christian S. and Amanda J. Kline, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., May 27, 1868. He pre- pared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in September, 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidence, Phil- adelphia. Lazarus, Luther D., son of the Eev. George M. and Amanda C. Lazarus, was born at Quakertown, Bucks County, Pa., Feb- ruary 11, 1874. He prepared for college in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg, 1888-90, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. LiOHTENWALNER, Harvey Feanklin, SOU of Joseph B. and Ellen A. Lichtenwalner, was born at Cedarville, Pa., June 26, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1888-90, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary and the College Missionary Societies. Eesidence, Centronia Pa. LoNQAKER, Frank, son of Abraham and Susan Longaker, BIOGRAPHICAL. 465 was born at Schwenksville, Pa., December 10, 1872. He pre- pared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg and Ursinus, 1888-90, and entered the Freshman Class of Muh- lenberg, September 4, 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidence, Linfield, Pa. Loos, George Charles, son of Charles K. and Fanny Emilia (Kretschman) Loos, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., October 4, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1889-90, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary and College Missionary Societies. Residence, Philadelphia. Miller, David Aaron, son of Dr. Edward Peter and Flora Ann Miller, was born at Gilberts, Monroe County, Pa., April 7, 1869. He received his preparatory training at Palatinate Col- lege, Myerstown, Pa., 1891, and Kutztown Normal School, graduating with B. B. in 1892, and entered the Sophomore Class in Muhlenberg, January 7, 1892. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Miller, Samuel Peter, son of Dr. Edward Peter and Flora Ann Miller, was born at Saegersville, Lehigh County, Pa., July 5, 1873. He prepared for college at Palatinate College, Myers- town, Pa., 1891, and entered the Sophomore Class in Muhlen- berg, January 7, 1892. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Miller, William Horatio Seymour, son of Henry and Sarah Miller, was born in Allentown, Pa., November 26, 1867. He graduated from the Allentown High School in 1885 with first honor, was mailing clerk at the Allentown post-office until September, 1890, when he entered the Freshman Class in Col- lege. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Opp, George Stuart, son of Charles B. and Mary A. (Ja- eoby) Opp, was born at Coopersburg, Pa., November 29, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1889-90, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidence, Bethlehem, Pa. Trexler, Martin Luther, son of the Eev. D. D. and A. A. 466 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. (Geiss) Trexler, was born at Bernville, Pa., July 3, 1874. He received his preparatory training in the schools of his native place, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidenee, Bernville, Pa. Wackernagel, Frederick William, son of the Eev. Dr. William and Anna Wackernagel, was born in Eeading, Pa., July 5, 1871. He received his preparatory training in the schools of Allentown, graduating from the High School in 1890, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Eesidenee, Allentown, Pa. WooDRiNG, Edwin Stephen, son of John Joseph and Mary Ann "Woodring, was born near Wescosville, Lehigh County, Pa., February 17, 1872. He received his preparatory training in the Central High School, Philadelphia, 1888-89, and Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, 1889-90, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1890. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidenee, Allentown, Pa. ZwEiEE, Charles DRrcKENMiLLER, son of Adam and Clara (Druckenmiller) Zweier, was born at Hosensack, Lehigh County, Pa., April 12, 1866. He received his preparatory training at Perkiomen Seminary, Pennsburg, and Kutztown Normal School, and entered the Freshman Class of College October 9, 1890. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidenee, Bast Greenville, Pa. FEESHMBN, '95. Bauer, Victor James, son of John and Matilda (Andres) Bauer, was born at Macungie, Pa., November 7, 1874. He prepared for college at Kutztown Normal School, and entered the Fi'eshman Class of College Sept. 3, 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidenee, Macungie, Pa. Becker, Vitalis Jesse, son of Franklin L. and Catharine (Dunkelberger) Becker, was born in Centre Township, Berks County, Pa., April 28, 1870. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1890-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of BIOORAPSICAL. 467 tbe Euterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Eoyersford, Pa. Bbert, Forley Astok, son of Nathan F. and Jane Bbert, was born at Schneeksville, Pa., May 18, 1871. He prepared for college in a select school at his native place and in the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, 1889-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Prior to entering College he taught public school. Eesidence, Schneeksville, Pa. Bbekwine, Charles William, son of "William and Maria (Semmel) Bberwine, was born at Mechanicsville, Pa., April 30, 1870. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1890-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Eesidence, Mechanicsville, Pa. Bllis, Warren Jacob, son of George Wilson and Annie Mary Ellis, was born at Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pa., De- cember 27, 1874. He prepared for college at Schuylkill Semi- nary,. Fredericksburg, Pa., and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Jonestown, Pa. Feglet, Frederick William, son of Orlando and Annie B. (Stauffer) Fegley, was born at Allentown, Pa., June 27, 1876. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1888-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation he expects to take a course in electrical en- gineering. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Killian, Ammon Alvin, son of Henry and Eliza (Uhler) Killian, was born in North Cornwall Township, Lebanon County, Pa., February 18, 1872. He received his preparatory training in the public schools, normal school held at Lebanon Yalley College, and in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Bismarck, Pa. Kistleb, Charles Edward, son of William S. and Maria 468 MVHLENBERO COLLEGE. (Grim) Kistler, was born near Lynnville, Pa., August 23, 1870. He prepared for college in the Academy at Lynnville, and en- tered the Preshman Class of College in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Lynnville, Pa. Keapf, Frederick Charles, son of Charles and Louisa Krapf, was born at Wilmington, Del., June 13, 1875. He pre- pared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1890-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society, College Missionary Society, and Athletic Association. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Newark, Del. Lentz, Andrew Philip, son of Augustus and Eebecca (Mil- ler) Lentz, was born in Upper Paxton Township, Dauphin County, Pa., February 25, 1869. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1890-91, and en- tered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Paxton, Pa. Leopold, Herbert Preston, son of the Eev. "William A. and Ella Leopold, was born at Freemansburg, Northampton County, Pa., January 7, 1874. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg College, 1890-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After graduation he expects to take a course in civil engineering. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. * LotrsER, Edward Theophilus, eon of William and Emma (Shugar) Louser, was born at Lebanon, Pa., November 3, 1874, and died very suddenly in his room, No. 62, at College, May 3, 1892. He received his preparatory training in the Lebanon High School and under the private instruction of the Eev. Theodore B. and Miss Emma Schmauk, and entered the Fresh- man Class of College in the fall of 1891. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society, and was the president of his class at the time of his death. He was a fine scholar and a , faithful student, and stood at the head of his class at the time of his decease. LousER, John Hancock, son of William and Emma (Shugar) BIOGRAPHICAL. 469 Louser, was born at Lebanon, Pa., July 4, 1872. He received his preparatory training in the Lebanon High School and under the private instruction of the Eev. Theodore E. and Miss Emma Sehmauk, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary So- ciety and captain of the Freshman foot-ball team. Eesidence, Lebanon, Pa. Metzger, Malcolm, son of Thomas B. and Susan E. Metz- ger, was born in Allentown, Pa., June 2, 1876. He received his preparatory training at private schools in his native place and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary and the College Missionary Societies, and of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Miller, Newton T., son of Addison T. and Lucinda T. Miller, was born at Limerick, Montgomery County, Pa., August 29, 1872. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1888-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Eesidence, Lim- erick, Pa. Peter, Charles B., Saegersville, Pa., entered in 1891. Satlor, Eilus Ottomar, son of Erwin Thomas and Sarah Amanda (Fly) Saylor, was born in Lower Nazareth Township, Northampton County, Pa., November 16, 1872. He prepared for college at the Baston Academy, 1889-91, and entered the Freshman Class of College in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Sohadt, Morris Bdwin, son of Abraham and Celesta E. S. (Kohler) Schadt, was born at Euchsville, Lehigh County, Pa., December 1, 1871. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Euterpean Literary So- ciety. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Schindel, Jeremiah Jacob, son of the Eev. Jacob D. and Ella C. Schindel, was born at Allentown, Pa., October 25, 1876. He received his preparatory training in the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, 1887-91, and entered the Freshman Class 470 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Liter- ary Society. Eesidenee, Allentown, Pa. Schmidt, William James, son of the Eev. John Henry and Louisa (Newman) Schmidt, was born at White Haven, Pa., May 16, 1874. He prepared for college in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Freeland, Pa. Shuman, Edward Peter, son of James W. and Adaline B. Shuman, was born in Allentown, Pa., December 18, 1867. He prepared for college in the College of Southwestern Kansas, and entered the Freshman Class at Muhlenberg, April 18, 1892, pursuing a special course. He was engaged in teaching from September 1, 1890, to July 1, 1892. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He expects to take a course in civil engineering after graduation. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Snyder, Elmer Ellwood, son of Josiah C. and Louisa (Frederick) Snyder, was born at Martin's Creek, Pa., Januaiy 15, 1872. He prepared for college at Easton Academy and under the instruction of the Eev. Jacob W. Lazarus, Stone Church, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He taught school, 1889-90. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Martin's Creek, Pa. Spieker, George H., son of the Eev. Dr. George F. and Hannah Spieker, was born at Kutztown, Pa., September 1, 1873. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1889-91, and entered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Stopp, Joseph Herbert, son of John and Ella (Dech) Stopp, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 30, 1877. He prepared for college in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and en- tered the Freshman Class in the fall of 1891. He is a member , of the Eutei-pean Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL. 471 IV. PREPAEATOEIANS. Abbot, Henry C, Allentown, Pa., was a pupil of the Aca- demic Department, 1872-75. ACKERMAN, O. F., Centre Valley, Pa., 1878-79. Adams, John Q., Philadelphia, Pa., 1868-69. Albright, George C, Allentown, Pa., 1868-73. Albright, Israel, Allentown, Pa., 1877-79. Albright, Israel E., son of John and Lucinda (Henninger) Al- bright, was born at South Whitehall, Pa., February 12, 1860. He was a pupil in this department, 1881-82, and later took a course in Allentown Business College, graduating in 1883, and is now engaged in selling pianos, organs, sewing-machines, and silver- ware, Allentown. He married Alice Hunsicker, July 25, 1885. Andres, Eli A. A., Macungie, Pa., 1867-68. Andres, William F., Cherryville, Pa., 1871-72. Andrew, Peter A., Millport, Pa., 1868-69. Anspurg, H., Germany, 1879-80. Arkell, George H., Brooklyn, K. Y., 1871-72. Arkell, James W., Brooklyn, E". Y., 1871-72. Arner, Granville, Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. Aschbach, Gerhard C, Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. Austin, Henrt A., New York City, 1882-84. Bachman, Frank William, son of Charles and Sarah Bach- man, was born at Stemton, Pa., June 17, 1870. He attended public school at his native place and Weaversville Academy, and came to Muhlenberg May 23, 1888, but left December 19 of the same year, in order to take a course in the American Busi- ness College at Allentown. He now resides at Stemton, Pa. Bachman, Marcus, Allentown, Pa., 1873-74. Backenstoe, Martin John, son of Jacob Martin and Mary Amanda Backenstoe, was born at Emaus, Pa., October 9, 1867. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1881-82 ; entered A. M. Chesborough Seminary, ISTorth Chili, Monroe County, N. Y., September 15, 1882, and graduated, after a year's interruption in his studies on account of sickness, June 15, 1887, receiving the first prize in botany. He took a course in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, gradu- 472 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. ating from the Medical Department, May 1, 1890, with the degree of M. D. He located at Preeland, Pa., where he re- mained a year, and then removed to his native place, where he is at present engaged in the practice of his profession, having in a short time established a large and lucrative practice. Bahl, John, Allentown, Pa., 1867-72. Bahr, Jacob Shanee, son of Joshua and Elizabeth Bahr, was born at Boyertown, Pa., September 28, 1859, and in his youth was a playmate of the writer. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1877-78, leaving at the close of the fall session of the latter year in order to accept a clerkship in a dry-goods store at Pottstown, Pa. After four years of clerking and two years on the road selling goods, he embarked in mercantile business in Pottstown, and has built up a fine trade in hats and furnishing goods, carrying the largest stock in the city. He married Anna B. Hartman, October 7, 1884. Baldwin, Henut M., Allentown, Pa., 1886-88. Balliet, Franklin A., Coplay, Pa., 1886-87. Barber, Edward A., Allentown, Pa., 1882-83. Barber, Harvey S., Allentown, Pa., 1877-81. Barner, Harvet, Emaus, Pa., 1883 and 1887. Barr, William Penn, son of Francis A. and Lizzie Ann (Helfrich) Barr, was born at Mauch Chunk, Pa., February 16, 1867. He entered the Academic Department in 1891, and ex- pects to enter the Freshman Class in the fall of 1892. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. He served as post- master at Canterbury, Del., 1885-86, and is now preparing to take a college course preparatory to a course in theology. He married Laura Swab, March 25, 1890. Barrett, William V., Lykens, Pa., 1876-77. Bartholomew, Harry B., Catasauqua, Pa., 1887-89. Bartholomew, Nathan A., Catasauqua, Pa., 1877-78. Bartholomew, Oscar Douglass, son of Joel G. and Maria C. Bartholomew, was born at Bath, Northampton County, Pa., February 23, 1858. He spent one year at Kulztown Normal School, 1876-77, and two years in private study under the in- struction of several Lutheran clergymen at Bath, and entered BIOGRAPHICAL. 473 the Academic Department of the College, IS'ovember 14, 1881, remaining one year. In the fall of 18P2 he entered the Lu- theran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated May 26, 1885, and on June 2 was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. He was pastor of the Eingtown parish four and a half years, since which time he has been pastor of St. John's German Church, Phillipsburg, N. J. He married Alvaretta C. Gross, Bethlehem, Pa., December 15, 1881. Baeto, Charles, Beading, Pa., 1868-70. Battmer, James, Allentown, Pa., 1868-71. Bean, W. W. H., Nockamixon, Pa., 1877-78. Bear, John N., Leaeock, Pa., 1886-87. Beck, David J., Catasauqua, Pa., 1881-82. Beck, George F., son of Charles Franklin and Catharine (Biery) Beck, was born at Catasauqua, Pa., July 10, 1859. He was a pupil in the Academic Department from September, 1876, until June, 1877. He entered the Conservatory of Music, Bos- ton, Mass., January 20, 1883, and graduated in 1887, and has since then been engaged in the teaching of music at his native place. Beidler, James, Allentown, Pa., 1877-78. Beidler, John, Laury's Station, Pa., 1880-81. Beidler, Lewis M., Laury's Station, Pa., 1877-78. Beisel, Andrew W., Sandusky City, Ohio, 1870-71. Beisel, H. H. D., South Whitehall, Pa., 1868 and 1870. Belpord, George, Allentown, Pa., 1874-75, 1876-78. Bell, Harry Jacob, son of William and Mollie M. Bell, was born at Ai-endtsville, Adams County, Pa., March 11, 1868. He attended a select school at McKnightstown, Pa., 1884-85, 1885- 86, and the Academic Department of College one year, 1886- 87. He began the study of medicine in March, 1888, and grad- uated from the Medico-Chirurgical College, Philadelphia, Pa., Maj' 3, 1892. He is at present located at Juniataville, Fayette County, Pa., engaged in the practice of his profession. Benedict, D. W., Seiberlingsville, Pa., 1877-79. Benner, Henry A. J., Guth's Station, Pa., 1878-79. Benner, Irwin Lbrch, son of Edwin J. and Cecelia M. Ben- ner, was born in Lower Saucon Township, Northampton 31 474 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. County, Pa., March 26, 1872. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg during the winter sessions of 1887 and 1888. He taught the Lehigh Mountain School, No. 2, for two successive terms, 1888-90, and was superintendent of the Sunday-School for two years in Lower Saucon. He entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, October 1, 1890, and expects to graduate in the spring of 1893, meanwhile continuing his studios under the directions of Dr. William H. Rentzheimer, HeUertown, Pa. Benners, Henry H., Philadelphia, Pa., 1868-69. Benninger, James D., Slatington, Pa., 1878-80. Berger, John, Allentown, Pa., 1883-85. Berger, Eobert J., Allentown, Pa., 1885-86. Berget, Joseph K., Helford, Pa., 1878-79. Bergstrom, Philip, Linkoping, Sweden, 1890. Left during the year to study theology at Philadelphia, but did not com- plete his course. Bernd, George W., Salisbury, Pa., 1870-71. Bernhard, Eugene C, Guth's Station, Pa., 1883-84. Bertolet, Grant B., Pottstown, Pa., 1888-89. Betchke, Paul H., Eostock, Germany, came to Muhlenberg in 1890, and is now a pupil in the Academic Department. Betzinger, John J., Silver Brook, Pa., 1868-69. Beterl, George W., New York City, 1867-69. Biehler, Oscar, Passer, Pa., 1890-91. Biery, Arthur Lincoln, was born at Allentown, Pa., Janu- ary 16, 1865. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of the College, 1876-81 ; entered the Freshman Class at Lafay- ette College in the fall of 1881, but left without completing his course. He studied law, was admitted to the Bar at Allen- town, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. Binder, Prank G., was born at Boyertown, Pa., and was a pupil in the Academic Department of College, 1877-78. He is engaged in farming near Boyertown, Pa. Bitting, W. F., Limeport, Pa., 1877-78. BiTTNER, Frank D., Allentown, Pa., 1873-74. BiTTNER, George B., Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. Blackmore, Frank, Pittsburg, Pa., 1873-74. BIOGRAPHICAL. 475 * Blackslee, Derwin E., Weatherly, Pa., 1871-73. Blank, Abraham, Centre Valley, Pa., 1867-69. Blank, John C, Allentown, Pa., 1868-70, 1872-73. Blank, Joseph Ellwood, son of George A. and Amelia Blank, was born at Sumneytown, Pa., July 11, 1863. He attended Sumneytown Academy and Academic Department of College, 1880-83. He graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1886, with the degree of M. D., and from the Philadelphia Hospital for Diseases of the Skin in 1885. Since his gradua- tion he has been engaged in the practice of his profession at Green Lane, Montgomery County, Pa. He was secretary of the Democratic Standing Committee of Montgomery County in 1891, member of the Town Council of Green Lane Borough, 1880-82, and school director, 1889-92. He married Amanda Eeiff in 1888. BoBB, "William G., Emaus, Pa., 1868-70. Borger, W. J., Stemton, Pa., 1880-81. BousH, Elmer Jerome, son of David and Lueetta Boush, was born at Beavertown, Snyder County, Pa., May 22, 1870. He was a pupil in the Academic Department from September 3, 1891, until the close of that term. He is at present located in Detroit, Mich. Bower, George Washington, son of George and Amelia D. Bower, was born at Catasauqua., Pa., March 27, 1859. He was a pupil in the Academic Department from September to De- cember, 1874. He is now located in New York City. BoTER, Austin, Weissport, Pa., 1877-80. Afterwards en- tered the Freshman Class at Lafayette, but did not complete his course. BoYER, George A., Trexlertown, Pa., 1869-70. BoTER, John, Lehigh Valley, Pa., 1867-68. BoYER, Jonah W., son of William and Caroline Boyer, was born at Big Creek, Pa., August 1, 1878. He entered the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg with a view of preparing for college. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. He taught public school six terms, and is now preparing to enter the ministry. Eesidence, Weissport., Pa. BoYER, William H., Hellertown, Pa., 1870-72. 476 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Breinig, Patjl E., Allentown, Pa., 1888-91. Breish, Theodore, Eingtown, Pa., 1867-68. Brenner, James L., Philadelphia, Pa., 1867-69. Brobst, Harrt Albright, son of Henry and Catharine (Al- bright) Brobst, was born at Eehrersburgh, Berks County, Pa., November 9, 1860. He entered the Academic Department of College in March, 1869, and left at the end of the session in June. He taught public school for fourteen successive years, beginning with 1878, and has held the oflSce of justice of the peace in his native place by appointment of Governor Robert B. Pattison, August 10, 1885-86, and was re-elected twice, 1886 and 1891. He holds that office at present, and also attends to surveying and conveyancing. He married Alice C. Himmel- berger, September 13, 1879. * Brobst, Lloyd, Steinsville, Pa., 1867-68. Brobst, Samuel L., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. Brode, George S., Bedford, Pa., 1874-76. Brode, John George, son of Christopher and Kate Julia Brode, was born at Tamaqua, Pa., March 8, 1875. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1890, with a view of preparing for college. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Eesi- dence, Tamaqua. Brown, Howard B., Allentown, Pa., 1889-91. Brown, "W. H., Robesonia, Pa., 1880-81. Brunner, Joseph A., Limeport., Pa., 1886-87. Bryan, George, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. Bryan, Ltike, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Btjdd, Charles S., Philadelphia, Pa., 1867-70. BuDD, Fletcher M., Philadelphia, Pa., 1867-68. Bush, Prank C, Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. BusHONG, Herbert, Reading, Pa., 1867-68. Bushong, Philip A., Reading, Pa., 1871-73. Buss, William S., Schoenersville, Pa., 1872-73. BuTZ, Allen P., Breinigsville, Pa., 1871-72. * BuTZ, Henry, Salisbury, Pa., 1869-72. BuTZ, Jacob T., Allentown, Pa., 1890-91. BuTZ, Newton, Cetronia, Pa., 1887-88. BIOGRAPHICAL. 477 BuTZ, Eeuben a., Hokendauqua, Pa., 1875-76. BuTZ, Ulysses Simpson Grant, son of Abraham and Eliza- beth C. Batz, was born at Wescosville, Lehigh County, Pa., June 6, 1864. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg with the intention of taking a full course (1882), but remained only one session. He taught school in 1885 at Griesemersville, Pa.; in 1886-87 was a student at Northwestern College, Na- perville, 111., and later took a course at the American Business College, Allentown. He is at present book-keeper for the Iowa Barb Wire Company, Allentown. He is married to Amanda Mary Schantz. Btjtz, Winpield p., Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. Cawley, Harky p., Allentown, Pa., 1868-7.1. Cawley, James I., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69, 1870-71. Cawley, M. F., Allentown, Pa., 1878-80. Christ, George L., Allentown, Pa., 1870-71. Christ, William H., Allentown, Pa., 1870-71. Christeson, Charles, Mifflin, Pa., 1877-78. Clauss, Osoae a., Jordan, Pa., 1878-79. Coble, George Frederick, son of Levi and Ann Catharine Coble, was born February 25, 1853. He attended Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind., 1870, and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1870-71. He married Mary Jane Haselet, April 3, 1879, and resides at Mechanicsburg, Pa. CoLVER, Frank A., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. Conrad, Isaiah Allen, son of Ephraim and Elizabeth Con- rad, was born at Hepler, Schuylkill County, Pa., July 4, 1861. He attended Gratz Academy, Bloomsburg Normal School, and Academic Department of Muhlenberg, the latter in the years 1880-82. He holds a permanent and professional certificate, and is engaged in teaching public school in Alletitown. He is married to Celia Knorr. CooMBS, Charles L., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1871-73. Coombs, William Town, Brooklyn, N. T., 1871-74. Crellin, Lucius Blakslee, son of John E. and Eunice Crel- lin, was born at White Haven, Pa., August 8, 1855. He attended the schools of his native place and Academic Department of Muhlenberg, January 1, 1871, and left in 1873. He was a 478 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He was clerk for the Lehigh Yalley Eailroad at Pittston, Pa., April 1, 1873 ; appointed agent of the company at White Haven, Pa., August 1, 1876, and left December 10, 1891, when he removed to Day- ton, Ohio, and January 1, 1892, started in the leaf-tobacco business. Chessman, W. J., Bursonville, Pa., 1878-79. Cttnningham, Harry L., Allentown, Pa., 1886-87. Davidson, Calvin B. H., Limeport, Pa., 1881-82. Dech, Charles, Hanoverville, Pa., 1874-75. Dech, Eeuben H., Emaus, Pa., 1867-68. Deoh, Victor J. C, Macungie, Pa., entered in 1891. Deisher, Eeuben F., Allentown, Pa., 1874-76. De Long, Joseph, Schnecksville, Pa., 1877-78. De Long, Eiohard Joseph, son of George and Hetty De Long, was born in Upper Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pa., July 10, 1854. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1868, and remained until 1870. He graduated from the Millersville Normal School, and in 1875 re- ceived the degree of M. B. He was engaged in teaching from October, 1870, until December, 1883. Since December 1, 1883, he has been stenographer in the General Passenger Depart- ment of the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company, Philadelphia. He was stenographer on the special train with President Har- rison on his celebrated tour through the South, Southwest, Pacific Coast, and Northwest, in the spring of 1891. He mar- ried Ida M. Euhf, March 24, 1877. Dickey, Charles H., Baltimore, Md., 1877-78. Diefendereer, p. F., Allentown, Pa., 1875-76. DiEPENDEREER, MosES Henry, son of Johu and Sarah Ann Diefenderfer, was born at Ferndale, Lehigh County, Pa., Au- gust 16, 1845. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg during part of the year 1868, and in Franklin and Marshall Academy, April 23 to June 29, 1869 ; entered Frank- lin and Marshall College September 2, 1869, and graduated June 26, 1873. He studied theology at Lancaster, graduating May 9, 1876 ; was licensed by the Bast Pennsylvania Classis of the Eeformed Church, May 25 of the same year, and or- BIOGRAPHICAL. 479 dained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, by the Clarion Classis, February 21, 1877. He was pastor of the Plum Creek charge, 1877-81, and in Somerset County, 1881-84. He became the pastor of Christ Eeformed Church, AUentown, July 15, 1884. He has been treasurer of Lehigh Classis since 1888, and stated clerk since May of the same year. He married Salome H. Allshouse, South Bend, Arm- strong County, Pa., September 24, 1878. DiEFENDERFER, BsQ., Thomas F., Allentown, Pa., 1874U76. DoNOP, Henry, Jeddo, Pa., 1875-76. DoRNSiFE, Henry Albert, son of Samuel H. and Harriet Dornsife, was born at Dornsife, Northumberland County, Pa., September 24, 1874. He became a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1891. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Dorsife, Pa. Dreher, C. D., Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. Dkesher, Alfred, Mertztown, Pa., 1873-76. Dresher, James F., Mertztown, Pa., 1883-84. Dressler, W. GrEORGE, East Hanover, Pa., 1877-81. DuBBS, Oliver F., Allentown, Pa., 1886-88. DtTBBS, Egbert L., son of Silas and Isabella Dubbs, was born at Salisbury, Lehigh County, Pa., August 27, 1870. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1883-86 ; afterwards took a course in pharmacy in Philadelphia, graduating in 1891, with the degree of Ph. G. and is now located in Philadelphia. DuHME, John S., New York City, 1880-81. BcKERT, Charles T., Allentown, Pa., 1876-77. BcKERT, George W., Allentown, Pa., 1873-75, 1876-77. BcKHARDT, Bdwin W., StcmlersviUe, Pa., 1890-91. EoKHARDT, William P., Allentown, Pa., 1883-85. Bggert, Albert, Eeading, Pa., entered the Academic De- partment in the fall of 1890. Bichelberger, Grant Ulysses, son of Adam and Susan ("Wormley) Bichelberger, was born at Camp Hill, Cumberland County, Pa., May 30, 1872. He entered the Academic Depart- ment, September 3, 1891. Eesidence, Camp Hill, Pa. Bllenbogbn, Lewis N., Allentown, Pa., 1884-85. Bllsworth, Alexander, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. 480 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Brdman, Harvey B., Allentown, Pa., 1888-90. Bedman, W. D., Euchsville, Pa., 1878-79. Benet, Haevey, Mountainville, Pa., 1884-87. Eeney, Lewis A., Mountainville, Pa., 1889-90. Beney, Olivee a., Mountainville, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1890. EvEEETT, Alexandee D., Eockdale, Pa., 1883-87. BvEEETT, Clinton J., Eockdale, Pa., 1885-86. Byee, Waeren H., Danville, Pa„ 1877-79. * Pahs, Heney Millee, son of the Eev. Joseph F. and Bmma (Miller) Pahs, was born at Nippenose, Lycoming County, Pa., December 18, 1857. He was a pupil in the Academic Depart- ment, 1867-69, and after his father's removal to Akron, Ohio, he attended the High School at that place, and later the Akron Business College. In 1875 he became book-keeper for one of the manufacturing companies of Akron. In 1876, during his vacation, he visited friends in the Bast and the Centennial in Philadelphia, where he was taken sick and died very suddenly at Williamsport, Pa , September 15, 1876, aged eighteen years, eight months, and twenty-seven days. He was buried at York, Pa. Patzingee, Blmbe H., East Allentown, Pa„ 1885-86. Patzinger, Frank J. A., Schoenersville, Pa., 1885-86. Paust, Edwin H., Upper Dublin, Pa., 1868-69. Pegley, John Stauffer, son of Dr. Orlando and Annie B. (Stauffer) Pegley, was born at Allentown, Pa., January 4, 1877. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, Sep- tember 6, 1890. Eesidenee, Allentown. Peer, William Henry, son of John Joseph and Caroline (Toung) Pehr, was born at Bethlehem, Pa., April 2, 1874. He attended the High School at Nazareth and taught two terms of public school in his native township, and entered the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, April 11, 1892. He is a member of Lowell Literary Society. Eesidenee, near Naza- reth, Pa. Penstermacher, Elias W., Slatington, Pa., 1869-70. Penstermacher, William P., Guthsville, Pa., 1877-79. Fetzer, G. M., Ephrata, Pa., 1878-79. BIOGRAPHICAL. 481 Field, Prank Gould, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69, 1873-75. Plahartt, James J., Allentown, Pa., 1879-80. Plexer, Anson W., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. Plexer, George A., Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. Plexer, J. Richard, Allentown, Pa., 1881-83, 1885-89. Plowers, William L., Allentown, Pa., 1884-86. PoOHT, Allen, Gedarville, Pa., 1869-71. PooHT, Jeremiah, Cetronia, Pa., 1887-89. PoQELMAN, Jacob Henry, son of Henry T. and Elizabeth Pogelman, was born at Seemsville, Pa., December 29, 1866. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1886-87. He taught school during the winters of 1887-89 ; and took a course in the Easton Business College, graduating June 25, 1890, and is now book-keeper at Siegfried's Station, Pa. He married Ella J. Strohl, November 8, 1890. PoLMER, Frank F., Shenandoah, Pa., 1880-82. FoLMER, George T., Shenandoah, Pa., 1877-78. FousT, Horace B., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Fox, Jacob 0. A., Minersville, Pa., 1869-70. Fhantz, Hiram Amandes, son of Amandes and Caroline Frantz, was born at Ironton, Lehigh County, Pa., April 10, 1863. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1884-85, and at Palatinate College, 1885-87, gradu- ating June 16, of the latter year, with Palatinate Oration, which is equal to first honor. He studied theology in the Theological Department of TJrsinus College, CoUegeville, Pa., graduated May 12, 1889, was licensed by the Lehigh Classis as a Minister of the Eeformed Church, May 16, and was installed as pastor of St. John's Eeformed Church, Tamaqua, Pa., June 22 of the same year. He married Emma Missimer, Hazelton, Pa., July 16, 1887. Frederick, Jonathan E., Allentown, Pa., 1884-87. Freeman, John J., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. Frbtz, Aaron B., Zion Hill, Pa., 1880-81. Fretz, Oliver Henry, son of "William and Catharine (Hof- ford) Fretz, was born in Eichland Township, Bucks County, Pa., April 9, 1858. He received his education in the public schools of Quakertown and the Academic Department of Muh- 482 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. lenberg, spending a year in the latter, 1878-79. At the age of twenty-one he began the study of medicine with Dr. I. S. Moyer; entered Jefferson Medical College in the fall of 1879, and graduated, March 30, 1882, with the degree of M. D. He located at Salfordville, Pa., but at the end of three years was compelled to relinquish his large practice on account of ill health. He removed to Quakertown, where he is now engaged in the drug business, combining with it a large oflSce practice. In the spring of 1887 he completed a course of instruction in the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medi- cine, and has thoroughly equipped himself as a specialist in dis- eases of the eye and ear, catarrhal and all chronic affections. In 1889 he also graduated from the National Institute of Pharmacy. He was elected a member of the Quakertown School Board in 1886, and re-elected in 1889, and in 1888 he ■was elected Borough Physician. In the fall of 1890 he re- ceived the Democratic nomination for Assembly and was elected to the Legislature, and served on a number of important com- mittees in that body. He was renominated for the same office in 1892. He is a member of the American Academy of Politi- cal and Social Sciences, Pennsylvania Forestry Association, State Medical Society, Lehigh Yalley Medical Association, Bucks County Medical Society, and Bucks County School Director Association. He married Blmira A. Eoeder, October 26, 1882, and both are active members of the Eeformed Church at Quakertown. Fret, Albert A., Pleasant Yalley, Pa., 1880-81. Frey, Egbert David, son of Sylvanus B. and Caroline E. Frey, was born at Centre Valley, Pa., August 1, 1868. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1883-84, and Ulrich's Preparatory School for Lehigh University, 1884- 86. He entered the University in the fall of 1886, but did not complete the prescribed course. He graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, April 2, 1890, with the decree of M. D., and has since been engaged in the practice of his pro- fession at his native place. He married Ella J. Weber, Decem- ber 1, 1883. Fryman, Peroival Milton, son of John Henry and Eliza BIOGRAPHICAL. 483 Ann (Kuhns) Fryman, was born in Upper Milford Township, Lehigh County, Pa., February 8, 1862. He entered the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, January 6, 1880, and left at the close of the year. He was engaged in teaching for ten years and now follows mei'cantile business at Litzenberg. He married Carrie E. Ritter, March 26, 1891. Fuller, Abbot F., Catasauqua, Pa., 1871-72. Fuller, Clinton H., Catasauqua, Pa., 1871-72. FtJRMAN, W. M., Sunbury, Pa., 1881-82. Gable, B. S., Dillingersville, Pa., 1881-82. G-ANGEWERE, A. J., FriedensviUe, Pa., 1877-78. GrANGEWERE, E. J., Friedensville, Pa , 1877-78. Gangewere, Jacob J., Allentown, Pa., 1870-72. * Gardner, John S., Allentown, Pa., 1880-82. Gardner, William F., Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. Gass, Giles, Ironton, Pa., 1879-81. Gehrinqer, S. F., Fogelsville, Pa., 1880-82. Geissinger, Jacob, Centre Valley, Pa., 1877-78. George, Alfred J., Allentown, Pa., 1885-86. George, Ed. W., Whitehall, Pa., 1867-69. George, J. O., Egypt, Pa., 1879-80. Gerhab, B. F., Helford, Pa., 1877-78. Gerhart, Elias Harry, son of Peter and Susanna Gerhart, was born at Eeinhold's Station, Lancaster County, Pa., Decem- ber 2, 1856. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1874-76 ; entered Palatinate College in 1876 and graduated in 1877 ; studied theology in the Lutheran Theolog- ical Seminary, Philadelphia, graduated May 19, 1880, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Lutheran Church, May 26 of the same year. At Muhlenberg he was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He has been pastor at Chester, Phcenixville, and Philadelphia. In the latter place he organized the English Church of the J^ativity in. Tioga, and has succeeded in building up a flourishing congregation. He married Carrie Lentz, Philadelphia, July 29, 1880. German, Edward "W., Allentown, Pa., 1888-91. German, L., Allentown, Pa., 1877-78. German, Lewis P., Saegersville, Pa., 1867-68. 484 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Gernerd, Elmer B., Bath, Pa., 1877-79. Gernerd, James W., Sehnecksville, Pa., 1869-71. Gery, a. M., Siesholtzville, Pa., 1880-81. Getz, George H., Eeading, Pa., 1868-69. Gibson, George, Stemton, Pa., 1880-81. Gilbert, Irwin B., son of "William and Esther Gilbert, was born at Pottstown, Pa., March 17, 1855. He attended Hill School, Pottstown, 1871-73; Pottstown High School, 1873-76 ; and Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1877-78. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He entered the Hahnemann Medical College in the fall of 1879, and graduated March 15, 1882, with the degree of M. D., and in the same year he was appointed on the medical staff of the Hahnemann Hospital, a position which he now holds. He is a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, State Medical Society, and Philadelphia County Medical Society. He married Laura C. Laird, Pottstown, Pa., March 30, 1882. Gittinger, Joseph, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Glick, Ezra J., East Hanover, Pa., 1885-86. Glick, Henry J., South Whitehall, Pa., 1869-70. GoADE, EiOHARD J., Stockton, Pa., 1877-78. GocKLEY, Edwin, Lebanon, Pa., 1881-82. Gold, William J., son of Stephen H. and Mary A. Gold, was born at Nazareth, Pa., March 9, 1870. He entered the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1890, with a view of preparing for college. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Nazareth, Pa. Goodman, George, Philadelphia, Pa., 1877-78. Goundie, James B., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. Griesemer, Edward K., Eeading, Pa., 1868-69. Grim, Albert P., Allentown, Pa., 1877-80. Grim, David K., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Grim, George Melvin, son of George W. and Elizabeth P. (Koons) Grim, was born at Nockamixon, Pa., March 8, 1863. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg , 1880-81, and graduated from Kutztown Normal School in 1884 and from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1887, with the degree of M. D. He located at his native place, where he BIOGRAPHICAL. 485 is now engaged in the practice of his profession. He married Sarah B. Fetter in 1888. Groman, C. Albert, Allentown, Pa., 1880-82. GrROVE, Alvin J., Quakertown, Pa., 1872-73. Gruber, Btjgene H., Allentown, Pa., 1884-85. Gruver, Peter William, son of Abraham and Susanna Gruver, was born at Eittersville, Pa., January 19, 1849. He attended the public school of his native place, Weaversville Academy and the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, one session in 1868, and Schwartz's School at Bethlehem. He has been engaged in teaching since 1870, and for the past nine- teen years in the township in which he resides. He married Henrietta Silvers in 1871. GiTLDiN, John C, Allentown, Pa., 1877-82. GuTH, Granville, F. H., Wescosville, Pa., 1877-78. Goth, Henry T., Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. GuTH, John M., Allentown, Pa., 1868-72. Haas, Charles C, Allentown, Pa., 1886-87. Haas, George H., Litzenburg, Pa., 1882-83. Haas, George K. E., Laury's Station, Pa., 1882-83. Hacker, Oswald William, son of the Eev. Thomas J. and Susan B. Hacker, was born at Bphrata, Lancaster County, Pa., October 24, 1875. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1891, with a view of preparing for college and afterwards for the ministry in the Eeformed Church. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society and Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Hagenbtich, John C, Allentown, Pa., 1868-74. Hager, George, Saugerties, N. Y., 1867-68. Hain, William M., Progress, Pa., 1881-82. Afterwards spent a brief time at Lafayette College. Hamman, Paul Nesbit, son of James J. and Ella Josephine Hamman, was born at Youngstown, Ohio, September 9, 1877. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, April 6, 1891, but remained only to the end of the year. Hammerslet, Frank H., Guth's Station, Pa., 1874 and 1876. Hammerslet, W., Catasauqua, Pa., 1878-79. Harlacher, Harvey G., Bethlehem, Pa., 1872-73. 486 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Harpel, Haret, Ottsville, Pa., 1878-80. Hart, A. C, Catasauqua, Pa., 1880-81. Hartline, D. S., Kenilworth, Pa., 1886-87. Hartzell, Alfred Stanley, son of Franklin K. and Alice (Knecht) Hartzell, was born in West Bethlehem, Pa., Septem- ber 16, 1878. He entered the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg in the fall of 1889. Residence, Allentown, Pa. Hartzell, Elmer D., East Bangor, Pa., 1877-78. Hartzell, Jacob S., Allentown, Pa., 1868-72. Hartzell, Oliver M., Philadelphia, Pa., 1881-83. Hausman, L. J., Hokendauqua, Pa., 1877-78. Hawk, P. F. E., Gilberts, Pa., 1877-78. Hawk, Lafayette, Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. Hawk, TJ. F., Allentown, Pa., 1884-87. Hayden, Samuel, Allentown, Pa., 1885-87. Heberling, William, Allentown, Pa., 1868-70. Heft, Harry Abraham, son of George V. and Maria Heft, was born at Pleasant Yalley, Pa., June 22, 1865. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1882, during the spring session, and attended the Millersville Normal School during the summer sessions of 1883 and 1884, being en- gaged in teaching during the winters of the same years. In the spring of 1885 he accepted a clerkship in a store at Spring- town, Pa., a position which he now holds. He was a delegate to the Prohibition State Convention at Harrisburg in 1890 and the Scranton Convention in 1892. He married Eena Hess, June 14, 1878. Heiberger, Eugene S., Orefield, Pa., 1878-81. Heilman, Henry F., Lowhill, Pa., 1880-81. Heilman, Henry F. A., Claussville, Pa., 1881, 1886. Heilman, Joseph Henry, son of Henry S. and Elizabeth Heilman, was born at Sunny Side Mills, Pa., August 22, 1873. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1891, with a view of preparing for college, and expects to enter the Freshman Class in the fall of 1892. He had pre- viously received private instruction and had attended Palati- nate College. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Sunny Side Mills, Lebanon, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL. 487 Heilman, Oliver P., Stemton, Pa., 1874-75. Heilman, Oscar G., Guth's Station, Pa., 1875-76, 1878-79. Heim, C. "William, son of George and Kate Heim, was born at Berne, Pa., April 17, 1864. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg during the spring sessions of 1879, 1881, and 1882, leaving at the close of the session, June 18, 1882. He was a clerk in a dry-goods store in Eeading, 1882- 88, and since December 1 of the latter year he has been with Bittner, Hunsicker & Co., Allentown, as travelling salesman. His permanent address is at the latter place. He married Ida V. Heckman, May 5, 1892. Heim, Van M., son of George and Kate Heim, was born at Berne, Pa., October 16, 1858. He received his education at Kutztown Normal School and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, being in attendance at the latter during the spring session of 1879. Since then he has been engaged in mercan- tile business in Eeading, Pa. He married Jane W. Glick, May 18, 1887. Heimbach, Adam, Wliite Haven, Pa., 1868-69, 1872-73. Heist, William, son of Henry C. and Leanna Heist, was born near Quakertown, Pa., April 12, 1871. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the "fall of 1891, preparatory to entering the Collegiate Department, with a view of preparing for the ministry. Heller, Charles, son of Nathan and Mary Heller, was born in Lower Milford Township, Lehigh County, Pa., June 6, 1863. He was a pupil in the Academic Departm.ent of the College in 1880. He taught public school for several years, but later contracted the sand beds of P. T. Jobst, deceased, which he is now operating with success. He married Annie M. Ott, De- cember 31, 1881. He resides at Vera Cruz, Pa. Helman, Franklin J., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Helman, Henry, Allentown, Pa., 1874-75. Hemsath, John, Zehner, Pa., 1887-89. Henkel, Charles L., Stroudsburg, Pa., 1868-69. Henninger, Alexander, Allentown, Pa., 1878-80. Henninger, Daniel, Allentown, Pa., 1873-76. Henninger, F. P., Allentown, Pa., 1881-82. 488 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Henninqeb,, Oscar L., Allentown, Pa., 1876-79. Henninger, Egbert M., Guth's Station, Pa., 1872-73. Henry, George P., Danielsville, Pa., 1872-74. Herbster, Samuel K., came to the Academic Department from Lynnville, Pa., and was a pupil in this department during the years 1870-72. He entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1875, graduated in 1878, and was ordained to the oflSce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church shortly after graduation. He has been pastor of Lutheran congregations at Tuscarawas, Ohio, 1878-83 ; West Newton, Pa., 1883-91, since which time he has been pastor at Irwin, Pa. Hersh, George T., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Hersh, Hartet B., Allentown, Pa., 1886-87. Hillegass, Hiram J., Coopersburg, Pa., 1884 and 1887. HiLTEBRANDT, Louis H., son of Hermann L. and Ida Bertha Hiltebrandt, was born at New Hartford, N. T., May 17, 1866. He was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1887-88. After leaving Muhlenberg he took a course in the Utica Business College, and graduated June 30, 1890, since which time he has been engaged as agent for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company at Utica, N. Y. HiMMELWRiGHT, JoHN K., Colebrookdale, Pa., 1877-78. HiNKLEMAN, George, Jeddo, Pa., 1873-75. HiNTERLEiTNER, WiLLiAM P., SOU of the Ecv. Dr. Gustav A. and Mary A. Hinterleitner, was born at Kutztown, Pa., June 3, 1854. He received his education at Pottsville and in the Aca- demic Department of Muhlenberg, being connected with the latter during 1869-70. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. After leaving the institution he engaged in mercantile business, and has for many years been living in New York City. HiRNER, George, Allentown, Pa., 1890-91. HiTTLE, EtTDOLPH, MillersviUe, Pa., 1867-68. HiXAN, James B., Milford Square, Pa., 1877-78. Hoffman, Charles Ira, son of Samuel and Catharine Ann Hoffman, was born at Bath, Pa., June 22, 1847. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1867-68. He afterwards took up the study of medicine, and in 1870 BIOGRAPHICAL. 489 graduated from Jeflferson Medical • College, Philadelphia, with the degree of M. D. He is engaged in the practice of his pro- fession at Morea Colliery, Schuylkill County, Pa. He married Anna M. Seip in 1874. Hoffman, Claude, Allentown, Pa., 1877-82. Hoffman, James Ahrens, son of Lewis and Annetta Hoff- man, was born at Kutztown, Pa., July 19, 1857. He gradu- ated from the Kutztown Normal School in 1877, and spent some time (1877-79) in the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg. After leaving College he took up the study of medicine and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 12, 1881, with the degree of M. D. He is at present district physician of the city of Newark, N. J. Hoffman, James L., Allentown, Pa., 1879-80. Hoffman, J. Moshbim, Allentown, Pa., 1884-87. Hoffman, "William H., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. HoFFORD, John F., Allentown, Pa., 1874 and 1877-80. HoFFORD, William O., Allentown, Pa., 1879-82. HoLCOMBE, John F., Lehigh Tannery, Pa., 1872-73. Hollenbach, Scott P., Eeading, Pa., 1868-69. HoLSTEiN, EiCHARD A., Allentown, Pa., 1871-73. Horn, P. D., Ironton, Pa., 1881-82. HoRNE, Augustus Francis, son of the Eev. Dr. Abraham E. and Jemima Bmelia Home, was born at Williamsport, Pa., August 19, 1869. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1878-82. He afterwards attended the public schools of Allentown until 1886 ; entered the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., May, 1886, and remained until May, 1887 ; entered Lafayette College in September, 1887, as Freshman, and left again in September, 1889, being a member of the Junior Class; entered Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa., in October, 1889, and graduated in chemistry ^in June, 1891. His address at present is Allentown, Pa. Horne, Frank, Stone Church, Pa., 1881-82. HoRNE, Thomas K. B., Allentown, Pa., 1877-82. Afterwards spent some time at Lafayette College. HoTTEL, B. E., Pleasant Valley, Pa., 1878-80. HousKEEPER, Harvey Stever, son of Jesse and Hannah 32 490 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Houskeeper, was born in Eockhill Township, Bucks County, Pa., March 31, 1851. He attended the public school of his native township in his earlier years, and became a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg at the opening of the first session of the institution, in the fall of 1867, and remained until June, 1868. He was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He taught a country school the following year in Eockville Township, and continued his studies. In the spring of 1869 he entered Lehigh University, from which he gradu- ated in 1872, with the degree of A. B. While at the Univer- sity he took the regular classical course and the civil engineer- ing course complete to the second session of Senior year. He was principal of a select school, Quakertown, Pa., 1872-73. In the latter year he was appointed associate professor of Mathematics and principal of the Preparatory Department of Ursinus College; but before accepting the position he was offered a position as draughtsman on an engineer corps on the Lehigh Valley Eailroad at Bloorasbury, N. J. Accepting the latter position, he occupied it from September, 1873, until the spring of 1874, when he returned to Lehigh University, fol- lowing post-graduate work in physics, and acting as private secretary to the president. In September, 1874, he was ap- pointed the first principal in the South Bethlehem High School, which position he held for nine years with marked success, organizing the school and raising its standard above the average schools of this kind. During this time he also did a great deal of institute work. After resigning this responsible position he went back to the University in order to continue his studies in physics, and was shortly afterwards appointed instructor in physics. Ever since he has been senior instructor in physics and electricity in the University, and for the past four years he has also been professor of Physics in Ulrich's Preparatory School at Bethlehem. In addition to his regular work he has also given a great deal of private instruction in physics, chemistry, and mathematics, both to students and teachers, and has been connected with local microscopical and* natural history societies. He married Joanna Collins, January 7, 1886. BIO&RAPHWAL. 491 Howell, Joseph, Siegfried's Station, Pa., 1885-86. HowER, Allen W., Cherryville, Pa., 1867-68. HrcK, Henry Joseph, son of Henry and Mary (Eoth) Huck, was born near Priedensville, Lehigh County, Pa., July 27, 1862. He was connected with the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1877-79, and while there was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. After leaving Muhlenberg he took up the studjr of medicine and attended one course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1882-83, but afterwards associated himself with his father as contractor and builder. He married Sarah J. Yeager, August 17, 1882, and now resides at Friedensville, Pa. * Htjdders, John A., Allentown, Pa., 1881. Hudson, Samuel B., Beaver Meadow, Pa., 1867-68. Huff, Irwin P., Trexlertown, Pa., 1878-79. Humphrey, Egbert H., Cherryville, Pa., 1867-69. * HuNSBERGER, WiLLiAM H., Bon Of John and Sophia Huns- berger, was born at Stone Church, Northampton County, Pa., February 6, 1849, died June 10, 1869. He received his educa- tion at the Millersville Normal School and Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, entering the latter in 1868, but dying before he could finish his course. HuNTZiNGER, Adam, Ziou's Grove, Pa., 1888-89. Inbusch, Harry, Milwaukee, Wis., 1867-68. IsETT, Sidney, Spruce Creek, Pa., 1885-86. Jackson, Calvin, Jacksonville, Pa., 1880-81. Jarrett, James M., Macungie, Pa., 1874^-75. Jarrett, Morris G., Macungie, Pa., 1874-75. Johnson, Frederick, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Jordan, Charles H., Shimersville, Pa., 1875-76. Kachline, Alfred D., Whitehall, Pa., 1868-72. Kaehler, William F., Catasauqua, Pa., 1870-71. Kaeufer, George, Wilkesbarre, Pa„ 1867-68. Kaiser, J. H., Brownsville, Pa., 1877-79. Kalb, Charles L, Weseosville, Pa., 1886-87. Ease, James M., Churchville, Pa., 1880-81. Kauffman, Davis L., Lower Berne, Pa., 1875-76. Kauffman, Henry A., Tamaqua, Pa., 1868-69. 492 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Keck, Adam, Salisbury, Pa., 1867-70. Keck, Jesse, Salisbury, Pa., 1867-70. Keck, IiTewton, Salisbury, Pa., 1869 and 1872. Keck, William H., Emaus, Pa., 1877-78. Keeeer, Geoege W., Egypt, Pa., 1880-81. Keim, Harry J., son of Charles J. and Eliza C. (Sider) Keim, was born at AUentown, Pa., Septeniber 20, 1871. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of College, September, 1887, until the spring of 1889. He is a member of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He is at present a student in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and expects to graduate in 1893. Eesidence, Catasauqua, Pa. Keller, Gilbert S., Bucksville, Pa., 1878-79. Kemmerer, Erwin p., AUentown, Pa., 1869-70 and 1872. Kemmerer, E. O., AUentown, Pa., 1878-79. Kemmerer, Franklin C, AUentown, Pa., 1888-89. Kemmerer, Hower, Mountainville, Pa., 1884-86 and 1888. Kemmerer, Marcus H., East Texas, Pa., 1877-78. Kemmerer, Marcus J., AUentown, Pa., 1879-82. Kemmerer, Milton E., Emaus, Pa., 1879-80. Kemmerer, Oliver M., Salisbury, Pa., 1868-71. Kemmerer, O. M., Emaus, Pa., 1881-82. Kemmerer, V. H., Emaus, Pa., 1881-82. Kemmerer, Victor S., AUentown, Pa., 1885-86. Kemmerer, Wilson H., AUentown, Pa., 1870-71. Kern, Palmer M., Bath, Pa., 1867-68. Keen, Stephen O., AUentown, Pa., 1872-73. Kern, William P., AUentown, Pa., 1872-76. Keener, George, AUentown, Pa., 1868-70. Kichline, Oscar J., AUentown, Pa., 1868 and 1870. Kile, Lambert B., Hatfield, Pa., 1879-82. KiSTLER, Abraham P., AUentown, Pa., 1867-69 and 1871. KisTLER, Amandes H., Cittler's, Pa., 1890-91. KiSTLER, H. A., Lynnville, Pa., 1879-80. KisTLEE, James Augustus, son of Charles M. and Elizabeth (Peter) Kistler, was born January 23, 1850. He entered the Academic Department of College in April, 1869, and remained to the close of the session. He afterwards engaged in mer- BIOGRAPHICAL. 493 cantile business, and is now Assistant Superintendent of the Prudential Insurance Company, Allentown, Pa. KiSTLER, J. D., Allentown, Pa., 1883-84. KiSTLER, MiLO, Emaus, Pa., 1868-70. KiSTLER, Monroe P., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Kleckner, Francis, Euchville, Pa., 1881-82. Kleckner, John H., Allentown, Pa., 1884-86. Kleckner, William H., Egypt, Pa., 1881-83. Klein, Eli D. G., Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. Klein, William Eranklin, son of John and Sallie Klein, was born in Eeading, Pa., August 13, 1873. He graduated from the Eeading Grammar School in 1886, and entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the spring of 1892, in order to prepare for college. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Eeading, Pa. KiEPPiNGER, Marvin Lahman, son of Charles and Eosealla Kleppinger, was born in North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., April 14, 1876. He entered the Academic De- partment of College in the fall of 1890, with a view of pre- paring to enter the Freshman Class. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Kline, Charles W., Salisbury, Pa., 1867-68. Kline, Edgar Ji., Steraton, Pa., 1887-89. Kline, George E., Allentown, Pa., 1889-90. Kline, Mtron C, Aineyville, Pa., 1885-87. Kline, Victor H., Bmaus, Pa., 1869-70. Kline, William A., Middaghs, Pa., 1872 and 1874. Klotz, Howard M., Minnich's, Pa., entered in 1891, prepara- tory to entering the Collegiate Department. Klotz, Egbert B., Allentown, Pa., 1888-90. Klump, George Lewisj Allentown, Pa., 1872-79. Knapp, William A., Pottstown, Pa., 1877-79. Knauss, Frank P., South Whitehall, Pa., 1887-89. Knauss, Joseph S., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1891 with a view of preparing for college. Knechel, L. D., Pleasant Valley, Pa., 1878-81. Knecht, C. T., Egypt, Pa., 1877-78. Knerr, Lewis F., Saegersville, Pa., 1874-75. 494 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE Knerr, Levi J., Olaussville, Pa., 1871 and 1873. Knerr, Willmer J., ClauBBville, Pa., 1881-83. Knorr, D. E., Hepler, Pa., 1886-88. Koch, C. E. Prank, Allentown, Pa., 1877-78. Kocher, Edgar Benjamin, son of John F. and Ellen M. (Guth) Kocher, was born at "Weisenburg, Pa., August 15, 1872. He was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1890; but later attended Dorney's Business College, at Allentown. He devotes himself to music, and resides at South Whitehall, Pa. Kocher, Harvey Lawrence, son of John F. and Ellen M. (Guth) Kocher, was born at Weisenburg, Pa., August 22, 1871. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, Sep- tember 2, 1889, until the close of the scholastic year in 1890 ; and attended Allentown Business College, September 18, 1890, to March 25, 1892. He has devoted himself to art since January 1, 1887. He resides at Ambler, Pa. Kocher, Thomas T., Klecknersville, Pa., 1877-78. Koehler, J., Allentown, Pa., 1879-80. KoEHLER, William F., Catasauqua, Pa., 1870-71. KooNS, Clement N., Allentown, Pa., 1881-82. Kramer, M. H., Centre Yalley, Pa., 1879-80. Kramer, Eobert, Allentown, Pa., 1873-76. Kramlich, Frank H., Fogelsville, Pa., 1870-71. Krammes, Harvey M., Trexlertown, Pa., 1880-82. Krock, Herbert J., son of Harris M. and Amanda E. Krock, was born at Krocksville, Lehigh County, Pa., June 7, 1868. He entered the Academic Department April 11, 1892, and is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. He has the ministry in view. Prior to his coming to Muhlenberg he taught school, 1886-87, and primary school at Ironton, Pa., three terms, 1889- 92. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. KuEHNER, Eugene V., Little Gap, Pa., 1889-90. KtTHL, G. Fred, son of George F. and Sarah E. Kuhl, was bom in Allentown, Pa., June 25, 1875. He entered the Aca- demic Department in 1892 and expects to prepare for college. . He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence Allentown, Pa. KuHNLE, Charles, Lebanon, Pa., 1867-68. BIOGRAPHICAL. 495 KuHNS, James A., Mulberry, Ind., 1877-78. KuNKEL, A. T., Stony Run, Pa., 1877-78. Ktjnkel, Charles S., Slatington, Pa., 1881-82. Kttntz, Ellsworth Francis, son of Elias M. and Catharine Kuntz, was born at Eising Sun, Lehigh County, Pa., February 11, 1863. He received his education in the public school of his native place, and spent the spring session of 1879 in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg. He became a clerk in a general store at Mauch Chunk, Pa., July 1, 1879, a position which he held for four and a half years, when he was com- pelled to leave on account of ill-health. A few years ago he went into business for himself at his native place. He married Emma L. Peters, March 29, 1892. Kuntz, Elwood M., Cherryville, Pa., 1877-78. Kuntz, Franklin Samuel, son of the Eev. John J. ('70) and Sarah A. Kuntz, was born at Mulberry, Ind., Ifovember 2, 1875. He graduated from the Hazleton High School in 1891, and entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of the same year. He will enter the Freshman Class in the fall of 1892. He has the unique distinction of being the first son of an Alumnus of Muhlenberg connected with any of the departments of College. Kuntz, Oscar W., Allen town, Pa., 1885-88. Kurtz, "W. W., Bast Catasauqua, Pa., 1878-79. La Barre, C. B., Jersey City, K J., 1878-79. Landis, Tobias E., Boyertown, Pa., 1877-78. Landis, W. R., Dublin, Pa., 1877-79. Langabaugh, William W., Norristown, Pa., 1877-78. Lantz, Harry Kauffman, son of Hon. Cyrus R. and Mary A. Lantz, was born at Lebanon, Pa., February 19, 1874. He entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1891, with a view of preparing for college. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society and was its first president. Residence, Lebanon, Pa. Laros, Milton Henry Kline, son of William L. and Lydia (Kline) Laros, was born in South Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., April 22, 1855. He was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1871 and 1872 ; and graduated from Blackman's Business College, Allentown, in 1875. In 1881 he started in 496 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. mercantile business at Macungie, Pa., in which he is at present engaged. He married Lila V. Gorr, March 20, 1884. * Laeos, Eichard Lewis, son of William L. and Elizabeth (Hess) Laros, was born in South "Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pa., August 23, 1869. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of the College, 1886-87. He lived with his parents on the farm, and on Sunday evening, October 30, 1887, while he was driving home from Bethlehem, after a visit to his sister, Mrs. Eev. William P. Schoener, was struck and killed by a passenger train at Wilt's Crossing, South Allentown, Pa. La Eoss, William Ashee, son of William L. and Elizabeth La Eoss, was born at Griesemersville, Lehigh County, Pa., January 2, 1868. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of College, 1886-87, having previously taken a commercial course. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, May 5, 1891, with the degree of M. D. He has since located at McDonald, Washington County, Pa., where he is engaged in the practice of his profession. Laubach, Amandits P., Kreidersville, Pa., 1880-81. Laubach, Geoege F., Laubach's, Pa., 1870-71. Laubach, James, Bursonville, Pa., 1877-78. Laubach, Milton, Springtown, Pa., 1877-78. Laubach, Samuel J., Stemton, Pa., 1880-84. Laubenstein, Albert L., Minersville, Pa., 1869-70. Laudenslager, Daniel K., Quakertown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1891, with a view to pre- pare for College. Laudenslagee, Peter J., Emaus, Pa., 1877-78. Lawfee, John, Allentown, Pa., 1873-74. Latton, Clemens M., Litzenberg, Pa., 1873-75. Lazarus, Calvin H., Btcypt, Pa., 1885-86. Lazarus, Geoege Frederic, son of the Eev. George M. and Amanda C. Lazarus, was born at Quakertown, Pa., September 1, 1869. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, 1889-91. He was a member of the Sophronian Literr ary Society and Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He entered the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1891, and expects to graduate in 1894, with the degree of M. D. BIO&RAPSICAL. 497 * Leh, Edward H., Allentown, Pa., 1882. Lehman, F. W., Eeading, Pa., 1871-72. Leiby, B. F., Dayton, Ohio, 1880-81. LEiBr, Edwin N., Germansville, Pa., 1877 and 1879. * Leisenrinq, Martin, Allentown, Pa., 1879-80. Leisenrinq, Eichard, Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. Leister, Edwin P., New Hanover, Pa., 1879-80. Lentz, Alfred, Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Lentz, Silas, Allentown, Pa., 1870-71. Lentz, William S., Allentown, Pa., 1886-89. Levan, Henry B., Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1886-87. Lichtenwalner, Allen "W., Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. LiCHTENWALNBR, Charles, Jr., AUentown, Pa., 1870-71. Lichtenwalner, Clement J., Alburtis, Pa., entered the Aca- demic Department in the fall of 1891, with a view of preparing for college. * Lichtenwalner, Ellis Reuben, was born at Fogelsville, Pa., January 19, 1857. He was a pupil in the Academic De- partment of Muhlenberg, 1867-70, and graduated from Lafay- ette College in 1877, and was admitted to the Bar at Allentown in December, 1879. He died at Allentown, Pa., March 15, 1890. Lichtenwalner, Elmer, Allentown, Pa., 1889-90. Lichtenwalner, Frank E., Litzenberg, Pa., 1879-81. Lichtenwalner, James, South Whitehall, Pa., 1872-73. Lindeman, J. O., came to the Academic Department from Egypt, Pa., in 1877. He studied theology afterwards, and is now a clergyman of the Eeformed Church, and resides at Bath, Pa. Lindeman, William H., Bath, Pa., 1885-86. Litzenberger, Henry A., Mountainville, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1890, with a view of preparing for college. LoBACH, Albert, Euchville, Pa., 1879-81. LoBACH, J., Guthsville, Pa., 1878-79. Lobach, Martin, Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. LocHMAN, Charles N., Allentown, Pa., 1874-77. Longacre, Edwin David, son of Jacob and Lavina Longacre, was born at Longacre Station, Pa., September 28, 1869. He 498 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. attended Palatinate College in 1890 ; in the fall of the same year he entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and in 1891 passed the examination admitting him to the Freshman Class in College, but did not return at the opening of the fol- lowing scholastic year. Instead of returning to Muhlenberg, he entered, October 16, 1891, the Junior Class of the Yeterinary College, Toronto, Can., and October 21, of the same year, the Senior Class of the Toronto Dental College, and graduated, February 12, 1892, with the degree of Y. D. S. (Yeterinary Dentistry Surgeon), and is now located at Mantz, Pa. LoNGNECKER, Eeqinald H., Allentown, Pa., 1884-86. * LoTT, Edwin F., Philadelphia, Pa., 1876-77, died March 2, 1891. LuDwiQ, Henry W., Allentown, Pa., 1868-70. Luke, A. C, Brooklyn, N. T., 1879-82. McFetridge, Daniel Winfield, son of Joseph and Martha McFetridge, was born at Hokendauqua, Pa., June 1, 1858. He was connected with the Academic Department in 1872, and during that time was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. He entered the Allentown Business College, Novem- ber 14, 1873, and is now purchasing agent for the Thomas Iron Company, at Hokendauqua. He married Mary G. Kemerer, May 15, 1883. MoEae, Wilmer E., Lebanon, Pa., 1876-78. Maisoh, John M., Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1869-71. Malcolm, George H., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1890, with a view of preparing for college. Malcolm, James F., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1890, in order to prepare for college. Marks, Clement A., Bmaus, Pa., 1879-81. Marsh, William H., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1891, and is at present a pupil in that depart- ment. Marsteller, Ira, Brodheadsville, Pa., 1880-81. Marsteller, Oliver, Seidersville, Pa., 1880-82. Martin, Charles S., Allentown, Pa., 1879-83. Martz, Egbert, Allentown, Pa., 1888-89. Marx, Harry Foster, was born at Allentown, Pa., July 28, BIOGRAPHICAL. 499 1865. He was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1876- 77 ; afterwards entered Lafayette College, Baston, Pa., from which he graduated in 1885, receiving the March prize, and de- livering the Philological oration at graduation. He was tutor of mathematics at Lafayette, 1885-87 ; at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1887-89. He is engaged in journalism at Easton, Pa. Matthews, GtOMEr Benjamin, was born at Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham, England, March 20, 1872. He entered the Academic Department in 1892, in order to prepare for college ; is a member of the Euterpean Literary Society ; and is studying with a view of entering the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Eesidence, Pittsburgh, Pa. Meinhoeper, F. S., Wescosville, Pa., 1886-87. Messinger, John C, Allentown, Pa., 1883-84. Metzger, Albert, Saegersville, Pa., 1867-68. Metzger, Clinton W., Orefield, Pa., 1870-71. Metzger, J. P., Catasauqua, Pa., 1867-68. Metzger, J. L., Philadelphia, Pa., 1878-79. Metzger, Thomas B., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1891, preparatory to entering College. Meyers, Jacob Samuel, son of Aaron and Ann Caroline Myers, was born at Bath, Pa., March 2, 1850. He was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1870. Since 1874 he has been in the employ of the Central Eailroad Company of New Jer- sey as station agent, and is now contracting freight agent at Bath. He married Eva May Kuntz, Nazareth, Pa., May 10, 1883. Meyers, Leopold O., Jersey City, N. J., 1876-77. Meyers, Percival C, Ashland, Pa., 1869-71. MicKLEY, O. H., Euchville, Pa., 1877-78. Miller, Achilles H., Lyon Yalley, Pa., 1877-80. Miller, Albert L., Tylersport, Pa., 1877-79. Miller, C. A., Lynnville, Pa., 1881-82. Miller, Davilla S., Freystown, Pa., 1877-78. Miller, E. E., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. Miller, George M., Sumneytown, Pa., 1886-87. Miller, Henry M., Lancaster, Pa., 1867-68. Miller, Howard L., Allentown, Pa., 1871-72. 500 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. Miller, John H., Philadelphia, Pa., 1871-73. Miller, O. H., Steinsburg, Pa., 1878-79. Mink, Allen H., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. MiNNicH, J. A. Frank, Whitehall, Pa., 1868-71. Moll, Horace S., Colebrookdale, Pa., 1877-78. Moll, Victor B., Allentown, Pa., 1877-79. Moody, Alfred H., New York City, 1876-77. MooDT, George C, New York City, 1876-77. MooNET, B. H., Aquashicola, Pa., 1881-82. Moore, Phares S., Columbia, Pa., 1880-81. Moore, E. D., New Holland, Pa., 1878-81. Moret, John T. M., Salisbury, Pa., 1868-70 and 1871-72. MoRiTZ, BiRDis, South Bethlehem, Pa., 1887-89. Moss, Alfred C, Allentown, Pa., 1870-71. Moss, Harry B., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. MossER, John, Allentown, Pa., 1881-82. MossER, John B., Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. MossER, William P., Allentown, Pa., 1869-73. MoYER, Albert, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. MoYER, Prank H., Allentown, Pa., 1888-89. MoYER, Henry S., Allentown, Pa., 1869 and 1878. MoYER, Jacob Y., Allentown, Pa., 1869 and 1878. MoYER, Joseph W., Cogan Station, Pa., 1874-75. MoYER, Levi, Bethel, Pa., 1875-76. MoYER, W. Erwin, Allentown, Pa., 1881-82. MuER, W. J., Shimersville, Pa., 1875-76. Muhlenberg, Frank, son of the Eev. Dr. Frederick A. Muhlenberg, was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1874- 76, but left the institution when his father resigned the presi- dency, and removed to Philadelphia. His present residence is Philadelphia. Mumman, Frank, Hazleton, Pa., 1869-70. MussELMAN, Wayne K., Bowmansville, Pa., 1888-89. Nannbmacher, W. H. H., Wescosville, Pa., 1878, 1880-82. Nase, Ulysses, Philadelphia, Pa., 1883-84. Newhard, Howard W., Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1890-91. Newhard, Irwin C, Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. Newhard, Oscar, Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 181)0-91. BIOGRAPHICAL. 501 NiMSON, Alger, Allentown, Pa., 1874-78. ISToRDHOFF, Henry ¥., Mauch Chunk, Pa., 1889-90. Ntce, a. H., Gehman's, Pa., 1881-82. OcHS, Charles Ephkaim, son of John "W. and Maria C. Ochs, was born in Allentown, Pa., September 30, 1876. He entered the Academic Department September 13, 1890, in order to prepare for college. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidenee, Allentown, Pa. Odenweldee, Parmer D., Bath, Pa., 1872-74. Olewine, Daniel J., Lehighton, Pa., 1869-70. Olhausen, Egbert W., Elizabeth, N. J., 1888-89. Orme, F. H., Brunswick, Ga., 1868-69. Ormrod, John D., Allentown, Pa., 1880-83. Orr, Sylvester H., son of Samuel and Elizabeth Orr, was -born in Eockhill Township, Bucks County, Pa., April 16, 1856. He received his education at Washington Hall Institute, Trappe, Pa., in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg (spring of 1878) and West Chester State Normal School. He is a justice of the peace at Lucon, Montgomery County, Pa. He married Deborah B. Alderfer, November 13, 1880. Otto, Calvin J., Allentown, Pa., 1874-75. Otto, Charles D., Limeport, Pa., 1888-89. Otto, Oliver G., Allentown, Pa., 1873-75. Overholser, J. S., Terre Hill, Pa., 1879-80. Owen, James J., Slatington, Pa., 1874-75. Pascoe, William H., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1891, and is now connected with the depart- ment. Person, Miles Keck, son of Morgan T. and Emma M. Per- son, was born in Lower Saucon Valley, Lehigh County, Pa., June 5, 1876. He entered the Academic Department in 1892, and will enter the Freshman Class in the fall of 1892. Eesi- denee, Mountainville, Pa. Peter, Josiah, Slatington, Pa., 1869-72. Peters, Henry Eugene, Coplay, Pa., 1872-74. Peters, Jonathan, Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1874-75. Peters, Lewis K., Saegersviile, Pa., 1868-69. Peters, Madison C, was born in Lehigh County, Pa., No- 502 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. vember 6, 1859. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1875-76. In the fall of the latter year he entered Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, and subse- quently graduated from the Theological Department of Heidel- berg University, Tiffin, Ohio. He entered the ministry of the Eeformed Church in Clinton County, Indiana, from which he passed into the Presbyterian Church in 1883, and accepted a call to Ottawa, Illinois. His success there in building up a strong church which had been closed for two years brought him to the general notice of the Presbyterian Church. In 1884 the old historic First Presbyterian Church in the Jl^Torthern Liberties, Philadelphia, called him as their pastor. This church was in the business part of the city, and, though wealthy and in- fluential, was threatened with extinction. During his pastorate of five years the spacious auditorium was crowded to overflow- ing at every service. He preached to the largest Protestant au- diences in Philadelphia, though he was then only twenty-four years old. In September, 1889, he entered upon his ministry in the Bloomingdale Church, New York City, and has since met with the same success as in his previous pastorates. As a lecturer he has appeared from the Atlantic to the Paciflc. All his lectures are upon popular themes, such as " How to make Things Gro," "Americans for America," "Wanted — A Man," " From Hell Gate to the Golden Gate," etc. He has published several books, among which are " The Path of Glory," " Empty Pews," "Popular Sins," and "Happy Hours at Home." Peters, Nathaniel C, Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1879-81. * Peters, O. G., Saegersville, Pa., 1879-80. Peters, Stlvanus, Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1885-87. Peters, William J., came to Muhlenberg from Weidas- ville, Pa., and entered the Academic Department in 1873, re- maining a year. He subsequently entered the ministry of the Eeformed Church, and is now laboring in Salt Lake City, Utah. * Philips, Pierre Getty, was the eldest son of the Eev. Samuel Philips, at one time a member of the faculty of the College, and was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1867- * 68. He subsequently studied law, and was for a number of years, until 1874, law librarian of Baltimore, when his health BIOGRAPHICAL. 503 failed. After brief efforts in various employments he died of pneumonia in New York City in 1884. * Philips, Samuel Lavinius Cameron, was a younger brother of the above ; was also a pupil in the Academic De- partment in 1867-68, and graduated from the High School of Philadelphia in 1875, then entered the Engineering Depart- ment of the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company ; later he studied law and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1881. He practised his profession with pronounced success until his sudden death at the home of his brother in March, 1888. His brother Mellville is connected with the Philadelphia Press. Platt, William E., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1882-84. PoTTEiGER, Abraham L., Eeading, Pa., 1879-82. PoTTEiGER, Alvin E., Beading, Pa., 1880-82. PoTTEiGER, Charles W., Sinking Spring, Pa., 1877-78. Powell, Welcome N., Allentown, Pa., 1871-73. Pretz, Frank S., Allentown Pa., 1879-80. Pretz, Godfrey J., Allentown, Pa., 1880-86. Pretz, John C, Allentown, Pa., 1867-75. Price, Daniel D., Philadelphia, Pa., 1872-73. PuRDT, George A., Nockamixon, Pa., 1879-80. Eabbnold, Edwin S., South Whitehall, Pa., 1887-88. Eabenold, Oliver S., Wescosville, Pa., 1887-88. Eabert, Frank P., Eockdale, Pa., 1881-82. Eahm, Allen K., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1868-69. Eaker, Edward, son of Conrad H. and Susan Eaker, was born at Eaker, Northumberland County, Pa., April 15, 1876. He entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1890, and is preparing to enter college. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Eaker, Pa. Eanck, Ivan Luther, son of George Hildebrand and Anna Elizabeth Eanck, was born at New Holland, Lancaster County, Pa., September 6, 1868. He received private instruction under the Eev. John W. Hassler, pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, New Holland, and was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1885-86. During the year 1888 he spent three months at Lancaster Commercial College and is now connected with the Wew Holland Clarion, a weekly periodical published by his father. 504 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Eau, Henry F., AUentown, Pa., 1871-72. Eaub, Benjamin F., Eaubsville, Pa., 1887-89. Eauch, William S., Lebanon, Pa., 1881-82. Eeber, J. Howard, AUentown, Pa., 1887-88. Eebee, Owen, Shoomakersville, Pa., 1880-81. Eeddig, p. L., Stevens, Pa., 1880-81. Eeed, C. M., Hoppenville, Pa., 1880-82. Eeed, Elmer, Maueh Chunk, Pa., 1873-74. Eeed, E. Frank, Stemton, Pa., entered the Academic De- partment in the fall of 1891, and is now preparing to enter college. Eeeder, James M., AUentown, Pa., 1867-69. Eehberger, John, Jersey City, 1^. J., 1888-89. Eeiohard, Calvin Sylvester, son of Paul and Ann (Breder) Eeichard, was born at Bethlehem, Pa., July 18, 1873. He entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1890, and is now preparing to enter college in 1893. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Bethlehem, Pa. Eeichard, William L., AUentown, Pa., 1884-85. Eeinhard, O. H., Salisbury, Pa., 1877-78. Eeinhard, W. J., Locust Valley, Pa., 1877-81. Eeinke, Samuel F., Bmaus, Pa., 1881-82. Eeiter, Franklin M., Eed Hill, Pa., 1878-80. Eeitz, Alvin p., Eaker, Pa., 1885-86. Eenninger, Edward H., AUentown, Pa., 1871-72. Eeph, Samuel M., Bushkill Centre, Pa., 1878-80. Eex, Aaron M., Saegersville, Pa., 1874-75. Ehoda, James N., AUentown, Pa., 1870-72. Ehodes, Joseph, Wampum, Pa., 1869-70. EiCE, Dewey Sereno, son of Oliver S. and Lizzie Eice, was born in Springfield Township, Bucks County, Pa., March 31, 1874. He was a pupil in the Academic Department in 1890- 91 ; in July of the latter year he accepted a position as tele- graph operator for the Lehigh Yalley Eailroad Company, at AUentown, Pa. EiNGER, F. J., AUentown, Pa., 1871-72. EiTTER, Amandus, Bmaus, Pa., 1879-80. EiTTER, Henry S., Ballietsville, Pa., 1885-86. BIOGRAPHICAL. 505 EiTTER, John, Guth's Station, Pa., 1884-85. EiTTER, J. B., Emaus, Pa., 1879-81. EiTTEE, J^EWTON H., Allentown, Pa., 1868-70. EiTTER, Orville Joseph, SOU of Thomas and Eliza Eitter, was born at Ballietsville, Pa., August 6, 1872. He has been engaged in teaching since 1888, devoting the winters to this work, and other portions of the year to study, spending some time of 1889 in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, and is at present enrolled as a classical student at the Northern Indiana Normal School, Valparaiso, Ind. ; but he expects to return to Muhlenberg in the fall of 1892. EiTTEK, Egbert H., Allentown, Pa., 1870-72. EoBBiNS, William H., Point Pleasant, Pa., 1877-79. EoGERS, John, Ironton, Pa., 1877-79 and 1881. EoHRBAOK, A. P., Churchville, Pa., 1880-81. EoMicH, O. P. J., Millerstown, Pa., 1871-72. EoMiG, Albert J., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. EoNET, Lewis L., Allentown, Pa., 1871-72. EosENBERGER, H. P., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. EosENBERRT, Pranklin S., Fagleysville, Pa., 1877-79. Eoss, Henry "William, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. EoTH, Benjamin, Wescosville, Pa., 1868-69. EoTH, E. D., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. EoTH, Oliver C, Orefield, Pa., 1870-72. EuHE, Holmes, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Euhe, Mark P., Allentown, Pa., 1888-89. EuHE, Wallace B., Allentown, Pa., 1889-91. Euhe, William P., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1891, and is now preparing for college. Eupp, Jacob G., Yera Cruz, Pa., 1888-89. EuTH, Alfred J., Cedarville, Pa., 1878-82. EuTHERFORD, James M., Allentown, Pa., 1889-90. Saeger, George A., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Sander, Charles P., Cogan Station, Pa., 1874-75. Sattler, John P., New York City, 1869-70. ScHADE, Lewis H., Strausstown, Pa., 1877-79. ScHADEN, George H., Weaverville, Pa., 1868-69. ScHADT, Martin S., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic 33 506 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Department in the fall of 1891, and is now preparing for col- lege. ScHAEPFEE, A. C, Canadensis, Pa., 1878-79. ScHAEFFEK, WiLLiAM F., Limeport, Pa., 1868-69. ScHAFPER, MoERis A., Limeport, Pa., 1881-82. SoHAPPER, Oscar H., Cedarville, Pa., 1877-79. ScHALL, Charles D., Allentown, Pa., 1871-72. Schall, Henry B., Allentown, Pa., 1871 and 1878. ScHANTZ, William Stabler, son of Solomon T. and Sarah Sehantz, was born at Hosensack, Lehigh County, Pa., Sep- tember 1, 1864. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1881-82, and in Perkiomen Seminary. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania May 1, 1888, and located at Dublin, Pa., where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. He married Emma E. Kxauss, February 13, 1890. SoHATZ, L. C, Bingen, Pa., 1880-81. Soheible, Matthias, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1868-69. Scheifley, Eeuben K., Crooked Hill, Pa., 1880-82. ScHEiRER, David, Jr., son of David and Mary Ann Scheirer, was born at Laury's Station, Lehigh County, Pa., September 12, 1861. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg during the spring sessions of 1877, '80, and '81 ; and at Kutztown ISTormal School, 1882, '83, and '84. In the fall of 1884 he entered Franklin and Marshall College, Lan- caster, Pa., and graduated in 1888 ; then took the three years' course in theology at the Eeformed Theological Seminary, at the same place, graduated in 1891, and was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Eeformed Church, May 25, 1891, and is pastor at Pinegrove, Pa. He married Etta M. Crawford, April 30, 1891. Scheirer, Lorence J., Ironton, Pa., 1887-89. Scheirer, Oliver W., Ironton, Pa., 1887-89. ScHELDEN, Charles E., Allentown, Pa., 1889-91. SCHELL, Henry M., Shimerville, Pa., 1868-69. , Schelly, Cyrus Y., son of Dr. Joel Y. and Hannah Y. Schelly, was born at Hereford, Berks County, Pa., November 28, 1851. He attended the public schools of his native place, BIOGRAPHICAL. 507 and in Kovember, 1868, he entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg and remained to the close of the scholastic year. During his connection with the institution, he was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. After leaving Muhlenberg he went into the hardware business, and is now a member of the firm of C. Y. Schelly & Bro., dealers in hard- ware, 32 ]Sr. Seventh and 31 JST. Hall Streets, Allentown, Pa. He married Emma J. Young, April 23, 1883. Schelly, James Y., son of Dr. Joel Y. and Hannah (Young) Schelly, was born at Hereford, Berks County, Pa., Ifovember 14, 1858. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlen- berg in September, 1874, and remained until the end of the scholastic year, June, 1876. He followed mercantile pursuits in Philadelphia, 1877-83, when he came to Allentown, and with his brother established the hardware firm of 0. Y. Schelly & Bro. He married Isola Hecker, June 9, 1887. ScHLAUOH, Frank W., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. SoHLENKER, Carl, SOU of Carl and Christina (Bach) Schlenker, came to Muhlenberg from Toledo, O., and spent one year (1885) in the Academic Department, taking, at the end of the year, the entrance examination. He graduated from the Uni- versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1892. SoHLOUCH, Howard, Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1890, and is preparing for college. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Schmidt, Edwin L., Allentown, Pa., 1878-80. ScHNECK, George A., Philadelphia, 1875-76. SoHNURMAN, Henry T., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. ScHNURMAN, Llewellyn, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69 and 1871. * ScHNURMAN, EoBERT A., Allentown, Pa., 1872-73. SoHOFER, Henry M., East Greenville, Pa., entered the Aca- demic Department in the fall of 1891, and is preparing to enter college. SoHOLL, John H. P., Saegersville, Pa., 1868-69. ScHREiBER, Joseph Dubbs, son of Owen L. and Louisa (Dubbs) Schreiber, was born at Coplay, Pa., February 9, 1852. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg during the fall and spring sessions of 1867 and 1868, and during 508 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. that time was a member of the Buterpean Literary Society. Later, he attended the Coplay High School during the winter seasons, and in summer worked on his father's farm. In the spring of 1878 he went to the Eed Elver Valley, Minn., as superintendent of a two thousand acre wheat and stock farm, and remained nearly five years. In 1882 he returned to his native place, and is at present engaged in farming in Lehigh County. He married Annie M. Eothacker, of Philadelphia, in 1882, and resides on his farm near Coplay, Pa. SoHREiBER, Martin H., Hokendauqua, Pa., 1868-69. ScHULTZ, Jonas K., Clayton, Pa., 1877-78. Schwartz, George "W., Mertztown, Pa., 1871-72. Schwartz, Wilson, Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. ScHWBNZER, Henry, Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. Scott, Alvin A., Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. Seagreaves, George W., Allentown, Pa., 1876-78. Seagreaves, James M., Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. Seebach, Julius P., Norrietown, Pa., 1881-82. Seip, George E., Allentown, Pa., 1871-72. Seiple, B. Preston, Allentown, Pa., 1868 and 1870. Seiple, Eugene W"., Upper Lehigh, Pa., 1872-73. Seiple, Jeremiah A., Drifton, Pa., 1867-68. Seitzinger, Henry E., Tamauqua, Pa., 1867-68. Seldonridge, Jacob F., Bphrata, Pa., 1878-80. Seldonridge, Eufus M., Farmersville, Pa., 1879-80. Serfass, Tilghman H., son of John Melchior and Ellina Serfass, was born at Gilberts, Monroe County, Pa., August 17, 1855. He received his preparatory training at Weaversville Academy, 1872-73, Shippensburg ISTormal School, 1875, and Academic Department — Normal course — of Muhlenberg, 1877- 78. He has devoted himself to teaching and has attained a high rank as an educator, and has frequently occupied promi- nent positions in educational conventions. Since 1884 he has been principal of Pairview Academy, Brodheadsville, Pa. He is married to Fanny Dorsheimer. Seyfert, William, Beading, Pa., 1875-76. Sharp, Charles S., Phillipsburg, N. J., 1869-70. Sharp, Samuel L., Bphrata, Pa., 1878-80. BIOGRAPHICAL. 509 Sheatz, Oscar, Catasauqua, Pa., 1867-69. Shimer, Alexander H., Eedington, Pa., 1888-90. Shimer, Boyer Luther, Bethlehem, Pa., 1880-82. Son of Abraham S. and Clara A. Shimer, was born at Eedington, Pa., January 7, 1868. Dairying and fruit culture since 1889. Married to Lena M. Guertin, October 14, 1891. Shimer, Edgar C, Allentown, Pa., 1876-78. Shimer, Floyd B., South Bethlehem, Pa., 1886-87. Shimer, John, Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. Shimer, Llewellyn, son of Charles and Anna Shinaer, was born at Shimersville, Pa., August 29, 1852. He was one of the first pupils in the Academic Department of the new College in 1867, and was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He has been engaged in mercantile pursuits since 1869, at Shimersville, Pa. He married Clara B. Everhart, February 24, 1880. Shoemaker, Frank J., Seipstown, Pa., 1867-68. Siegfried, Dallas D., Allentown, Pa., 1870-71. SiGAPOos, Lewis, Nockamixon, Pa., 1879-80. Slottgh, Joseph C, son of Frank J. and Agnes M. Slough, was born at Fogelsville, Pa., September 5, 1876. He entered the Academic Department in 1889, and expects to enter the Freshman Class in the fall of 1892. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Smith, George S., Limeport, Pa., 1880-82. Smith, Harvey P., Allentown, Pa., 1867 and 1869. Smith, James J., Lehighton, Pa., 1871-72. Smith, Jerome Hiram, son of Lewis C. and Julia Ann Smith, was born at Lehigh Gap, Pa., March 10, 1850. He attended public school and a select school at Slatington, entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1867, at the opening of the institution, remaining one year, and afterwards attended a normal school. He taught public school for some time, and is now in the active itinerancy of the Methodist Church, being located at present at Coaldale, Pa. He married Alice S. Kline, September 2, 1870. Smith, Eudolph, Bingen, Pa., 1880-81. Smith, W. B. D., South Whitehall, Pa., 1881-82. 510 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Smoter, Joseph L., Alburtis, Pa., 1873-74. Snyder, Harvey Leon, son of Leon L. and Carrie E. Snyder, was born in Upper Milford Township, Lehigh County, Pa., February 1, 1868. He was a pupil in the Academic Depart- ment, 1885-86, and Schuylkill Seminary, 1886-87. He gradu- ated from the Medical Department of the University of Penn- sylvania June 1, 1890, with the degree of M. D. He has located at Quakertown, Pa. He married Mamie E. Bleam, September 17, 1891. Snyder, Henry, Allentown, Pa., 1873-74. Snyder, John Franklin, son of Jacob and Sarah Snyder, was born at Kresgeville, Monroe County, Pa., October 20, 1874. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1891, with a view of preparing for college. He is a member of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity. He expects to study law. Eesidence, Allentown, Pa. Snyder, Quintus, South Bethlehem, Pa., 1885-86. SoLELiAc, Louis Y., Allentown, Pa., 1887-91. SowDEN, TiNEY, South Whitehall, Pa., 1867-68. Spang, George Theodore, son of George H. and Emma Spang, was born January 14, 1874. He entered the Academic Department in 1892, and is preparing for college. Eesidence, Lebanon, Pa. Spangenberg, Bruno H., Harrisburg, Pa., 1877-78. Stabler, Franklin J., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Stahlnecker, Edwin, Allentown, Pa., 1888-89. Statler, Eugene H., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Stauefer, Franklin Drumbauer, son of John S. and Pietta Stauffer, was born at Bechtelsville, Pa., April 4, 1867. He graduated from Kutztown Normal School in the spring of 1889 and entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the spring of 1890, remaining to the close of the scholastic year, June, 1891. He follows the profession of teaching, and in 1891 received the degree of M. E. from the Kutztown Normal School. He married Emma Weaver, February 21, 1891, and resides in Allentown, Pa. Stauffer, John J., came to the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1879, from South Whitehall, Pa., and left the BIOGRAPHICAL. 511 following year to pursue his course of studies in one of the Eeformed institutions of the State. He is now stationed at Bast Berlin, Pa., as a clergyman of the Eeformed Church. Stauffer, Samuel Phaon, son of Daniel and Fanny Eliza- beth Stauffer, was born at South Whitehall, Pa., June 28, 1865. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg during the spring session of 1876 and again in 1880, Kutztown Iformal School, 1881-82 ; taught public school for three terms, 1882-85 ; and then graduated from Ursinus College in 1889, with first honor. He studied theology in Union Theological Seminary, New York, graduating in 1892, and was licensed as a minister in the Reformed Church, June 8, 1892. * Steckel, Albert, Allentown, Pa., 1885-86. Steckel, Herman, Bethlehem, Pa., 1868-69. Steigerwalt, Ambrose Stabler, son of Eeuben and Pris- cilla (Stabler) Steigerwalt, was born at Tamaqua, Pa., June 27, 1859. He attended school at Lehighton and Normal Square, and in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1877. He was engaged as a teacher of p,ublic schools, 1877-84; justice of the peace in Carbon County, 1882-92 ; member of the Board of School Directors for East Penn District, Carbon County, 1889-92, secretary of the Board for two years and clerk for one year. He was married September 25, 1881, and now resides at Lehighton, Pa. Steinbicker, William Henrt Prederick, son of Henry and Wilhelmina (Kiehn) Steinbicker, was born at Lippstadt, Germany, February 2, 1874, came to this country, landing at New York in 1884, and entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1889. He expects to enter the Fresh- man Class in the fall of 1892, and, after graduation, to study theology in the Lutheran Seminary at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society, the College Missionary Society, and the Athletic Association. Eesidence, Catasauqua, Pa. Steltz, Edwin Joseph, son of Peter H. and Mary Ann Steltz, was born in Allentown, Pa., January 9, 1859. He was a pupil in tbe Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1867^ 1870-72. He still resides in Allentown, Pa. 512 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Stephan, George L., Allentown, Pa., 1886-88. Sterner, Asher S., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Sterner, Harry W., Steinsburg, Pa., 1879-81. Sterner, Orville, Allentown, Pa., 1875-76. Stettler, Jacob, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Stettler, Marvin Harry, son of Harry Daniel and Medina Stettler, was born in Allentown, Pa., November 17, 1875. He entered tbe Academic Department of Muhlenberg in 1892, and is preparing for college, and after tbe completion of his course he expects to enter the ministry. He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Residence, Emaus, Pa. Stettler, Osman, Petersville, Pa., 1878-80. Stiles, C. Frederick, Allentown, Pa., 1877-79. Stiles, John L., Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. Stock, Lewis, Allentown, Pa., 1871-73. Stockhouse, J., Allentown, Pa., 1879-80. Stopelet, Joseph, Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1888-89. Stoeplet, Levi J., Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1886-87. Stoeplet, Eeuben, Siegfried's Bridge, Pa., 1886-87. Stopplet, Sepellen Ellsworth, son of Joseph and Susan Stofltit, was born at Bath, Pa., May 5, 1862. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1881-82 ; entered Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., in the fall of 1882, and graduated in 1886. He studied theology in the Seminary of the Eeformed Church at Lancaster, graduated May 12, 1889, and in June of the same year he was ordained to the office of the ministry in the Reformed Church. He was for some time assistant pastor of Trinity Eeformed Church Pottsville, Pa., and is now pastor of St. Paul's Church, Waynes- borough, Pa. Stoll, Lewis, Brooklyn, IST. T., 1868-71. Storch, Nicholas, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Stoy, Joseph A., Haddonfield, N. J., 1868-69. Stkaub, Clinton L., Fogelsviile, Pa., 1876-78. Streeper, Eobert B., Germantown, Pa., 1867-69. Strtjnk, J. A., Quakertown, Pa., 1878-79. ' Stuber, Charles L., son of Charles "W. and Catharine Stu- ber, was born in Allentown, Pa., October 4, 1853. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1867-69. He is now clerk BIOGRAPHICAL. 513 for a firm in Allentown, Pa. He married Eleanor Frederick, March 29, 1883. Stuber, Henry J., Allentown, Pa., 1867-71. Stuokert, Prank H., Allentown, Pa., 1880-81. Sullivan, Eugene, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Sullivan, Henry P., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Sullivan, John, Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. SwARTZ, Ambrose, Allentown, Pa., 1874-75. SwARTZ, J. L., Allentown, Pa., 1879-82. Swift, Harvey, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. Swift, "William, Allentown, Pa., 1867-69. SwoPB, Clayton, Point Pleasant, Pa., 1877-78. Talley, James P., son of Jacob H. and Caroline "W. Talley, was born August 7, 1870. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1889-90, taught public school in the winter of 1890-91, and now is a clerk at Landis's Store, Pa. Thompson, Thomas D., Lyons, Pa., 1870-71. Treiohler, Samuel G., Hereford, Pa., 1876-77. Tbetter, Charles, Ashland, Pa., 1874-75. Trexler, Harry C, Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. Trexler, Jacob Amos, son of David S. and Ella Viola Trex- ler, was born in Longswamp Township, Berks County, Pa., August 23, 1873. He entered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in the fall of 1891, with a view of preparing for college. Residence, Shamrock, Pa. Trexler, Jacob P., Mertztown, Pa., 1880-81. Trexler, J. H., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. Tboxell, Arthur, Whitehall, Pa., 1867-69. Troxell, Charles O., Whitehall, Pa., 1869-70. Troxell, GtEORQE p., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Trumbauer, a. H., Coopersburg, Pa., 1880-81. Trumbauer, a. E., Pleasant Valley, Pa., 1879-80. Trumbauer, Dalton, son of Dr. Henry T. and Sarah Trum- bauer, was born at Tylersport, Montgomery County, Pa., May 3, 1865. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1881-82. He graduated from the Philadelphia Dental College, February 28, 1889, with the degree D. D. S., and from Jefferson Medical College, April 27, 1892. He is engaged in the practice of medi- cine and dentistry at Coopersburg, Pa., since June 1, 1892. 514 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. TauMBAtJEK, Jacob S., WeaverBville, Pa., 1868-69. Tbumbatjer, Thomas J., Coopersburg, Pa., 1877-80. Teump, Allen J., Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. Ueberroth, George, Allentown, Pa., 1881-82. Ueberroth, Walter P., Salisbury, Pa., 1869-70. Unger, Eichard a., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Urpfer, Oliver H., Limeport, Pa., 1879 and 1881. Van Horn, Alfred Fellows, son of Nathan and Ann Van Horn, was born at Summit Hill, Pa., May 11, 1861. He was connected with the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1880- 81, graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, May 1, 1884, with the degree of M. D., and is now located at Mount Bethel, Pa. He married Margaret M. Smith, May 11, 1887. VoGT, Aaron M., son of David and Magdalene Vogt, was born in Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pa,, Ifovember 15, 1847. He entered the Academic Department of the College in September, 1867, and left at the close of the scholastic year in 1868. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He began farming April 1, 1878, and is living at Prescott, Pa. He married Kate Zinn, Cornwall, Pa., December 23, 1876. VoGT, Egbert U., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Wagner, Frederick S., Wilkesbarre, Pa., 1867-68. Wagner, Joseph D., son of Isaac P. and Esther Wagner, was born in Little Mahanoy Township, Northumberland County, Pa., August 24, 1864. He attended the spring sessions of the Academic Department of 1885 and 1886, and the fall session of 1886. He has been engaged in teaching since 1884. He married Phebe Jane Long, March 17, 1888, and resides at Eaker, Pa. Wagner, Quintus, Hellertown, Pa., 1878-80. Wagner, W. D., Blizabethville, Pa., 1879-80. Walburn, James W., Wescosville, Pa., 1882-83. Walker, George D., Allentown, Pa., 1868-70. Walter, Jacob Townsend, son of Jacob and Hannah (George) Walter, was born in Bredy Township, Union County, Pa., April 9, 1859. He was a pupil in the Academic Depart- ment for one session (1878). He married Clara C. Kurtz, May 19, 1878, and resides at Shoenersville, Pa. Walter, John Peter, son of John C. and Mary Ann Walter, BIOGRAPHICAL. 515 was born at JSTewlin, Columbia County, Pa., January 17, 1874. He entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1891, is preparing to enter college, and is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. Eesidence, Newlin, Pa. Walter, Thomas J., Emaus, Pa., 1867-68. Wannemacher, L. "E., Wescosville, Pa., 1868-69. Warmkessel, Alfred H., Allentown, Pa., 1878-79. Warmkessel, Francis N., Alburtis, Pa., 1879-80. Wearer, Harvey, Allentown, Pa., 1885-86. Weaver, Jacob D., Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. Weaver, William Marion, son of Francis M. and Mary S. Weaver, was born at Birdsborough, Berks County, Pa., June 30, 1872. He entered the Academic Department of College in the fall of 1891, in order to prepare for college, and, after graduating from the Collegiate Department, to study theology. Eesidence, Birdsborough, Pa. Weaver, Wilson H., Quakertown, Pa., 1877-78. Webb, James, Hokendauqua, Pa., 1878-79. Weber, Howard P., Eedington, Pa., entered the Academic Department in 1891,- preparatory to entering College. Eesi- dence, Eedington, Pa. Weddigen, Leopold Ferdinand Alexander, son of Julius and Theresa Weddigen, was born at Williamsport, Pa., Jan- uary 8, 1873. He entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1890, and expects to enter the Freshman Class of Col- lege in the fall of 1892. He is a member of the Lowell Lit- erary Society, College Missionary Society, Franklin Eeading- Eoom Association, and the Athletic Association. He has the ministry in view. Eesidence, Williamsport, Pa. Weicksel, Frederick Arndt, son of the Eev. Henry and Angelina Weicksel, was born in Wilmington, Del., January 6, 1867. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1881-83, and passed the entrance examination for Freshman, but did not enter the class. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He is studying theology in the Theological Department of Missionary Institute, Selinsgrove, Pa., and expects to graduate in 1893. He married Elizabeth Wolfgang, March 8, 1887, and resides at Line Mountain, Pa. Weidner, Erwin, Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. 516 MVHLENBER0 COLLEGE. Weinsheimer, Oscar B., Allentown, Pa., 1869-70. Weiser, Charles William, son of Nelson and Blemina Weiser, was bom in Allentown, Pa., April 10, 1863. He en- tered the Academic Department of Muhlenberg in September, 1873, and remained two years. Afterwards attended a school in New York City for one year, when, owing to the death of his father, he discontinued his studies. In 1879 learned the printers' trade. He worked in Philadelphia, 1883-86, and then removed to Allentown. He represented a number of metro- politan papers as news correspondent in Allentown until Jan- uary, 1890, when ill-health compelled him to relinquish all work. He continues to reside in Allentown, Pa. Weiss, Aaron W., Hosensack, Pa., 1878-79. Welck, Victor S., Boonesdale, Md., 1869-70. Wenner, John F., Allentown, Pa., 1869 and 1871. Wenner, Park B., Allentown, Pa., 1868-69. Wenner, Peter J. P., Cedarville, Pa., 1880-81. Wenner, William, Bethlehem, Pa., 1878-79. Wenrich, Samuel, son of John and Anna (Sehaeffer) Wen- rich, was born at Eeinhold's Station, Lancaster County, Pa., April 1, 1844. He entered the Academic Department of Muh- lenberg, January 21, 1878, and remained until June 27, 1881, but during the j^ear 1880-81 he followed most of the Junior and Senior branches, some under Dr. Home, and others under the professors in the Collegiate Department. He took the three years' course in the Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1881-84, and was afterwards ordained to the oflflce of the ministry in the Lutheran Church. Since his ordination he has been pastor at Dushore, Sullivan County, Pa. He married Antonia Irene Yorkes, Bethlehem, Pa., July 2, 1881. During his connection with Muhlenberg he was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. Wentz, T. L., Aquashicola, Pa., 1881-82. Wentzel, Preston M., Herndon, Pa., 1886-87. Werlet, Oscar, Seiberlingsville, Pa., 1873-75. Werley, William P., Seiberlingsville, Pa., 1877-78. Wertz, Eiohard p., Mertztown, Pa., 1889-90. Wetzel, Seranus, Wescosville, Pa., 1873-74. Whitesell, Oliver G-., Bath, Pa., 1867-68. BIOGMAPHICAL. 517 Wight, B. A. B., "Williamsburg, N. T., 1874-75. WiOKERT, Jairtjs A., Spinnersville, Pa., entered the Academic Department in the fall of 1868, but left during the following year, to complete his course in one of the Eeformed institutions of the State. He is a clergyman of the Reformed Church and pastor at St. Thomas, Pa. WiEDEE, James D., Allentown, Pa., 1870-71. "WiESER, Edwin William, son of Henry W. and Louisa C. Wieser, was born at Chapman's Station, Lehigh County, Pa., December 4, 1869. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1884-86, after which he learned the tailoring trade, at which he has worked ever since in Allentown, Pa. Wile, Milton G., Telford, Pa., 1878-79. Wilson, Thojias B., Allentown, Pa., 1867-68. Wilt, Harry, Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. WiLTBERGER, Frank M., Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. Wind, John P., Allentown, Pa., 1867-70. Wise, O. E., Pottstown, Pa., 1878-79. WiSMER, Joseph L., Bedminster, Pa., 1877-78. Wolf, Abraham L., Allentown, Pa., 1887-89. WoLP, Andrew J., Marshall's Creek, Pa., 1878-79. Wolf, Charles B., Coopersburg, Pa., 1877-79. WoLE, George L., Allentown, Pa., 1885-86. WoLPERTZ, Charles '^., Allentown, Pa., 1870-74. WoLFERTz, Frederick John, son of Charles Fred, and Mag- dalene Wolfertz, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., August 25, 1861. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1875-76, and during this time was a member of the Euterpean Literary Society. He afterwards learned the trade of knife-maker, and is now a travelling salesman, representing C. F. Wolfertz & Co., a cutlery firm of Allentown. His permanent address is Allen- town, Pa. WoNDERLY, Victor F., Allentown, Pa., 1872-76. Woodring, T. J., Cedarville, Pa., 1879-81. Wright, John Marshall, son of Eobert E. and Maria H. Wright, was born in Allentown, Pa., October 19, 1856. He was a pupil in the Academic Department of Muhlenberg, 1867- 73. Afterwards studied law and has for many years practised his profession in Allentown. He has been District Attorney 518 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of Lehigh County and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee of Pennsylvania. WuiaHT, Egbert A., Allentown, Pa., entered the Academic De- partment in the fall of 1890, and is preparing to enter college. WuRSTER, Albert, Allentown, Pa., 1873-75. Xander, Edgar Peter, son of Charles William and Catharine Jane (Hough) Xander, was born in Bast Penn Township, Carbon County, Pa., March 19, 1872. He graduated from Lehighton High School, May 30, 1890, and entered the Academic Depart- ment of Muhlenberg, November 2, 1891. , He is a member of the Lowell Literary Society. He taught school one term before entering this department. Eesidenee, Lehighton, Pa. Yeager, Stephen T., Allentown, Pa., 1867-71. Yeager, William Eomig, son of William P. and Priscilla S. Yeager, was born in Allentown, Pa., October 6, 1862. He was a pupil in the Academic Department, 1874-78. Since leaving school he has been engaged in manufacturing. He married Ella H. Dutt, October, 1886, and resides in Allentown, Pa. Yeakel, George K., Barren Hill (Lafayette Hill), Pa., 1872. Yeakel, L. B., Allentown, Pa., 1878. YoRGEY, Henry B., Boyertown, Pa., 1878-79. Yost, Jonathan T., Tuscaroras, Pa., 1877-78. Young, John Ira, Allentown, Pa., 1870-72. Young, John E., Allentown, Pa., 1872-73. YoTTNG, W. S., Pleasant Valley, Pa., 1877-78. YuNDT, Alfred M., Allentown, Pa., 1870-72. Zeidler, John, Scranton, Pa., 1874-75. Zemany, Andrew, son of Michael Zemany, was born in Hungary, April 7, 1872. He entered the Academic Depart- ment, April 1, 1891, with a view of preparing for college. Eesidenee, Preeland, Pa. ZiEGENFUSs, Charles O., Bethlehem, Pa., 1889-90. Zimmerman, George W., Seipstown, Pa., 1889-90. ZizELMAN, Charles M., Scranton, Pa., 1874-75. * Ztjck, Edward Allen, son of John S. and Catharine Zucl^ was born at Zion's Hill, Bucks County, Pa., September 9, 1863. He entered the Academic Department in May, 1880, but he died shortly after his entrance as a student. He was a member of the Sophronian Literary Society. He had the ministry in view. IV. QUARTER -CENTENNIAL CELE- BRATION, 619 QUARTER-CENTEMIAL CELEBRATION The quarter-centennial celebration of Muhlenberg College was a grand success in every way, both in the large number of friends of the College in attendance as well as in the sus- tained interest of the exercises throughout the week. It was a week of rejoicing for the friends of Muhlenberg. It brought together a large number of the alumni and friends of the College, as well as distinguished educators from other institu- tions. The college building was handsomely decorated with flags and bunting, and every one who came there was made to feel at home by those who have charge of affairs at Muhlen- berg. Attention had previously been called to the celebration by neat invitations sent to the friends of the College, by appro- priate notices in some of the church papers, and by a four- column illustrated article in the Philadelphia Times of June 19. Of the propriety of such a celebration very little need be said, for the results accomplished in the first twenty-five years of the existence of the institution speak louder than words. Including the graduating class of the present year, twenty-five classes have been graduated, making a total of three hundred and eleven men, many of whom, although still comparatively young, already occupy important and influential positions in the Church and State, in institutions of learning, and in suc- cessful business enterprises. A glance at the list of alumni shows that Muhlenberg College has accomplished a great deal during the quarter of a century just past. Much of the success already attained is due to the untiring and self-denying labors of the men who have been or are now connected with the College, and who have labored so faithfully for its welfare, either as members of the faculty or as man- agers of its finances. By the blessing of God they have suc- ceeded in building up a strong Christian institution, well equipped for the work for which it has been established. Its curriculum is equal to that of any of the neighboring institu- 84 621 522 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. tions, its moral tone is in harmony with the principles of the church which sustains it, and its finances are now on a solid basis. As soon as the debt, which still rests on the College, shall have been removed, it will be able to move on in its course of usefulness with a still larger measure of success than it has enjoyed in the past. When we remember that Muhlenberg College came into existence twenty-five years ago without any property and without a dollar of endowment, and that now it has property worth every dollar of one hundred thousand dol- lars, and endowment amounting to one hundred and thirty-four thousand dollars, we have abundant reason to feel proud of the results accomplished during this comparatively short period of time, and, devoutlj' thanking God for his help in the past, cheerfully take up the work and carry it on in the future in the same spirit as has been done in the past. The quarter-centennial celebration had an added interest to all the friends of the institution, in view of the fact that this year was also the twenty-fifth anniversary of President Seip's connection with the College. Happy references were made to this event at various stages of the celebration, and all felt that this particular event in the history of the College and the life of its president was by no means the smallest part of the cele- bration. A reference to the history of Muhlenberg College, as presented on previous pages of this volume, clearly shows the important place which Dr. Seip occupies in the history of the institution from its establishment to the present time. He helped to finish up the work of the institution which preceded Muhlenberg, was a member of the original faculty of the present institution, and labored in it through all the years of its trials and struggles, and now occupies the honored place as its president. He assisted the first president. Dr. Muhlen- berg, in arranging the course of studies, has seen numerous ohanges for the better effected in the curriculum, and has helped to bring it to its present condition on an equality with other institutions of a similar character. He began as prin- •cipal of the Academic Department, and now deservedly occu- pies the position to which the trustees of the College have called him. All these facts deserve to be noted in connection qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 523 with the event which the institution has just celebrated as a part of the celebration. The opening event of the interesting exercises of the twenty- fifth commencement week of Muhlenberg was the delivery of the baccalaureate sermon by President Seip, in St. John's English Evangelical Lutheran Church, on Sunday, June 19, at 10 A. M. The impressive service was well attended by the friends of the College from the city and from a distance. The Eev. Dr. Richards conducted the liturgical service. THE SEVENTH BACCALAUREATE SERMON of President Seip is here presented. The sermon, which was chiefly historical, as the occasion demanded, was based on the appropriate words of 1 Samuel vii. 12, — " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." He spoke as follows : The words of the text mark the close of an interesting epoch in the history of the children of Israel. They had been brought through a period of trials and conflicts to triumphs and victory. The prophet Samuel, in acknowledgment of their dependence on God and his help in their time of need, then " took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen, and called the name of it Ebenezer," — that is, the stone of help, — saying, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." We have deemed these words appropriate to the occasion which has brought us together. They apply with equal truth to the history of the College, whose quarter-centennial celebra- tion we inaugurate this morning, and also to the class whose course in the College has been brought to a successful close. "With regard to both we can devoutly say, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped tis." As the institution which is represented here this morning is about completing the first twenty-five years of its existence, and, as is well known to you all, commemorates its quarter- centennial anniversary this week, I have deemed it proper to depart from the customary form of the Baccalaureate sermon, and, in an historical discourse, to review portions of its past 524 MVBLENBERG COLLEGE. hi' Lory briefly, and to point out the benefits which, by the help and blessing of God, it has bestowed upon the church and the world. If I should, at times, seem to dwell upon my theme with too much warmth, you will pardon me when you re- member that I have, in my own person, lived through all the trials and conflicts, as well as the triumphs and victories, of the institution, in my official connection with it from the beginning until now. Personally, I can also say, '' Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." When we review the beginnings of the institution, we can clearly trace the providences of God leading to its foundation and subsequent maintenance. Muhlenberg College was planted by godly men in the rich soil of faith, and the tender plant has been watered by many a silent tear, and nourished by many a secret prayer. It was founded in the name of the triune God for the promotion of his cause and that of higher Christian education among men. Prior to its establishment, Pennsylvania College at Gettys- burg, which we love for the good she has done, was the only collegiate institution in organic connection with the Ministerium to which our congregations in Eastern Pennsylvania belonged. It had long been felt that the educational interests of our churches, then already numbering about fifty thousand com- municant members, could not be properly developed by an in- stitution so remote from our centre of population. As a matter of fact, only one student out of every two thousand of our communicant membership found his way to Gettysburg. At this rate of training, or rather want of training our youth, there was danger that, in the rapid growth of our Synod, we might soon lack educated men to fill our pulpits, to say nothing of the higher education of our lay membership. The establish- ment in 1864 of our Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, and the organization of the General Council in 1866 and 1867 ; the first exclusively, and the second chiefly, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, made it of the utmost importance to the interests and development of the church on this territory to establish a college for our young men. The diiferences already existing between the ruling elements in the institutions at qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 525 Gettysburg and the Mlnisterium, in spirit, theological trend, and the importance given to the German language, were in- creased to such an extent, that the Synod was constrained to seek elsewhere the education of her youth and the preparation of a sufficient number of students for the Theo- logical Seminary in Philadelphia. She could not have recourse to any of the colleges then existing in Eastern Pennsylvania ; for, however excellent they may have been, they were not founded nor conducted to meet the peculiar wants of the Lutheran Church and her people. The Synod was therefore under the necessity of organizing a college adapted to her own wants and those of the people intrusted, in the providence of God, to her care. Such an undertaking, at that time, was wellnigh appalling. Even the most courageous and enterprising among the leaders of the church might well hesitate to advance under the circum- stances which then prevailed. The demands upon the Synod, on every side, seemed more than could be met. The Orphans' Home had but recently been established, and needed and claimed support. The Theological Seminary had just been called into existence, and required funds in large amounts for endowment and equipment. All our interests in the publication house of the church, together with the professorships of the Synod in the institutions at Gettysburg, had lapsed. The demands for missionary work, both on our own territory and abroad, were rapidly increasing. The outlook, therefore, from a human stand-point, was such as to produce dismay at the very idea of entering upon so vast an undertaking as the establish njent of a college. But it is always safe to follow where God leads the way. It may be necessary to pass through trials and struggles to final triumph, as was the case with Israel of old. God, how- ever, answered the faithful prayer of Samuel, and gave the Israelites victory, and the prophet thankfully raised his Eben- ezer. So our leaders in Israel took courage, and with faithful prayer in the name of the Lord laid the foundations of Muhlen- berg College; and, at the close of its first quarter-century, we exclaim with gratitude, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." Whilst the necessities of the church required the establish- 526 MVHLENBERQ COLLEGE. ment of a college, the providential existence of an institution ■which had a local habitation and a name in this city, the Allen- town Seminary, made possible what otherwise might have seemed impossible. The Allentown Seminary was opened on the first of May, 1848, and continued under this name until 1864, when it was chartered by the Legislature as " The Allen- town Collegiate Institute and Military Academy." It now had the chartered rights of a college, but was in reality merely a private school. It continued under this title until Muhlenberg College was organized in 1867. From the fact that many of the pastors and laymen of the Lutheran Church iu Allentown and vicinity were warm friends and patrons of the institution through all the years of its ex- istence, the attention of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania was repeatedly directed to it, with a view to secure it for the Synod. Committees on the Allentown Seminary were ap- pointed by the Synod, and reported annually from 1860 to 1867. Many public-spirited citizens of Allentown, anxious to secure the benefits of a higher institution of learning for their young city, though some of the most active and influential were not members of tiie Lutheran Church, co-operated most earnestly and efficiently with the Lutheran pastors and laymen in their efforts to induce the Ministerium to establish a college in Allentown. Their labors were crowned with success, and the a'gitation and efforts of seven years resulted in the forma- tion of a joint stock company for the purchase of the property and the management of the institution by a Board of Trustees. The charter was amended to meet the new requirements, and, under this amended charter, a meeting of the stockholders was called by the oflScersof the former organization on February 2, 1867. Under their supervision a new Board of Trustees was elected, in whom were vested all the rights and privileges of the former board. This board took charge of the institution April 4, 1867, and unanimously elected Eev. Professor F. A. Muhlenberg, then of Gettysburg, to the presidency of the Coir lege. His final acceptance of the position greatly encouraged the friends of the new enterprise. His ripe scholarship, his long experience in teaching, his eminent personal character, in qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 527 addition to the fact that he bore a name honored in Church and State, marked him out as the man for the place. At a meeting of the board, held May 21, 1867, the institution was named Muhlenberg College, in honor of Henry Melchior Muhlen- berg, the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in this country. The trustees of Muhlenberg College had taken charge in April, as already stated, but continued the course of instruction of the Collegiate Institute and Military Academy until the close of the scholastic year, on the 27th of June, when the Institute was formally and finally closed with appropriate exercises in this church. It was my privilege to participate in these exercises as one of the teachers of the Institute. At the meeting of the Synod in June, 1867, the committee in charge of the subject reported that Muhlenberg College would soon be formally opened, with very fair prospects of success. The Synod elected one-third of the trustees, according to the charter, approved what had been done by the board, and earn- estly commended the institution to the patronage of the Church. The trustees had in the meantime made arrangements for the erection of a new building, five stories in height and one hun- dred feet in length, to be joined to the central building, with such changes as were necessary in the old buildings, to adapt the whole to the purposes of the College. A faculty had been secured, and all necessary arrangements made for the opening of the institution. Public announcement was accordingly made that Muhlenberg College would be opened on September 1, 1867, and that the ceremonies of the inauguration of the fac- ulty, and the laying of the corner-stone of the new building, would take place on the third and fourth days of the same month. On Tuesday evening, September 3, the trustees, fac- ulty, and students of the new College, the clergy, mayor, and officials of the city, with others, formed in procession at this church, and proceeded to the court-house, where the faculty was inaugurated with appropriate ceremonies and addresses. The next day the corner-stone of the new building was laid with religious ceremonies in the name of the triune God. Eeci- tations and lectures began September 4, with arrangements for a full number for all the College classes. 528 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Thus the institution was successfully launched upon its career. I have dwelt somewhat in detail upon these beginnings of the College to show how God in his providence led his ser- vants to found this institution, by laying the necessity upon them, by furnishing a suitable location in this centre of the wealth and population of our Church, and a school property, then in the hands of two members of this congregation, who held it, and were ready to transfer it, on very favorable terms, for the use of a church institution. Hitherto the Lord had helped us. Nor did he desert us in its subsequent history, although in his inscrutable wisdom he saw fit to lead us through trials and diflS^culties that repeatedly discouraged us, though we never despaired of ultimate success. The year of its founding — 1867 — was a year of jubilee in the Church of the Eeformation. It was the three hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the nailing of the ninety-five theses on the church-door at Wittenberg by Luther. Our Ministerium proposed to celebrate this event by raising one hundred thou- sand dollars, half of which was to be given to the College, to assist in defraying the debt which the trustees were obliged to make in order to procure its property and buildings. Yery nearly one hundred thousand dollars were raised, but the share that should have gone to the College was used for their own local objects, such as church repairs, etc., by many of the con- gregations, and a comparatively small sum was given to the College. Thus a heavy debt rested upon the institution from the very beginning, in every way impeding its progress and limiting its work and usefulness. It would be tedious, nor is it necessary here, to enter into the details of the College history from year to year. These will be set forth in the volume, which will soon be published, as a memorial of this quarter-centennial year. We shall content ourselves with a rapid glance at the most important points. Notwithstanding the numerous changes in the personnel of the ^ institution during the years of its growing financial diflBculties and disappointments, yet the work of instruction went on with- out interruption, though with great self-denial and irregular qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 529 remuneration of the faculty. Many excellent scholars were graduated from its halls, who have since done a good work and achieved an honorable fame in the professions of their choice. Efforts had been made to secure funds for the liquida- tion of the debt and the endowment of the institution, and while partially successful, yet the amounts obtained were not suflScient to afford permanent relief. The institution had at length, at the close of 1875, reached a crisis in its history. Its financial burden had become so great that many of the best friends of the College despaired of its ability to survive. The financial panic of 1873 and the years immediately succeeding, and the comi)lete stagnation in the great iron industries of this valley and region, together with the general depression of trade, seriously impaired the pros- pects of the institution, by the reduction of the number of its students and the loss in its income. The early expectations of its friends and founders, in the matter of securing endowments and funds for current expenses, had not been realized. The institution, therefore, found itself illy prepared to withstand the financial stress of the times, and it became absolutely necessary to secure funds for its relief or to go into liquidation. There is nothing so poor as poverty. This was most bitterly realized by the institution during these troublous times. Its very necessities invited criticism, and led to differences among its friends on the subject of its organization, synodieal relation, and administration, that, for a time, threatened disaster. Ef- forts had been repeatedly made to secure a financial agent out- side the faculty ; but one after another declined the call, and one who attempted the difficult work for a short time, retired in disgust. Finally, January 18, 1876, the trustees, constrained bj' necessity, elected a member of the faculty to act as financial agent, relieving him temporarily of the duties of his professor- ship. To help him make up his mind on the subject, the presi- dent informed him that, unless he accepted the task, the insti- tution would go into liquidation. He accepted. His time of service as agent began with February, 1876, and ended with the close of the next college year, in June, 1877. During this time he visited such congregations of the Synod, on every part 530 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. of its territory, as were open to him. He presented the wants of the College from the pulpit and from house to' house, to individual members of the church, and the community in which he labored. By the blessing of God an interest in the College was soon awakened, which encouraged its friends, restored confidence in its permanency, and resulted in averting the ruin that had threatened. These results were more important than the amount of money that was obtained, although without it the institution could not have been continued at the time. About thirty-three thousand dollars were secured for endow- ment and current expenses, and many who since then became students in the institution had their attention directed to it for the first time by this agency. We could again say, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." While this work was going on the honored President of the College, Dr. Muhlenberg, was elected to the Greek Professor- ship in the University of Pennsylvania. He believed it his duty to accept this call, and accordingly resigned the presidency September 11, 1876. He remained in service until the close of the term in December, when he removed to Philadelphia to enter upon his duties there with the new year. I need not add that the withdrawal of Dr. Muhlenberg from the College was the cause of sincere regret on the part of many of the best friends of the institution. Eev. Benjamin Sadtler, D. D., of Baltimore, Md., was elected his successor, and entered upon his duties January, 1877. He was formally installed at the meeting of the Sjmod in this church in June of the same year. At this meeting of the Synod the full control and responsibility for the maintenance of the College was accepted by the Synod by its election of the entire Board of Trustees. This right had been vested in that body by a change in the charter, which had been secured for that purpose by the stockholders prior to the meeting of the Synod. Early in June, 1879, the gratifying intelligence was received that the late Hon. Asa Packer, the beneficent founder of Lehigh University and St. Luke's Hospital at Bethlehem, had left a bequest of thirty thousand dollars to Muhlenberg College. This legacy afforded much-needed relief. By action of the (QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 531 board this money was set apart for the endowment of the "Asa Packer Professorship of the Natural and Applied Sciences." At the meeting of the Synod in Lancaster the same year, it resolved to endow the " Professorship of the German Language and Literature." Until this chair is fully endowed, Synod, by annual appropriation, provides for the salary of the German professor. During the summer vacation of 1880 a pleasant surprise was provided for the friends of the institution through the liberality of two gentlemen who are well knosvn to j-ou, who endowed the " Professorship of the Greek Language and Literature." These gentlemen have since then given largely to the various interests of the College. The endowment of this professorship, which, without the knowledge or consent of the donors, was named in their honor by the trustees, made it possible to add another professor to the teaching corps by filling the Professor- ship of Sciences. This was done in June, 1881. During this year a bequest of two thousand dollars was re- ceived from the estate of B. Jonathan Deininger, of Eeading, for the endowment of the German Professorship and a number of valuable books for the College Library. Notwithstanding these important additions to the endowment of the institution, without which it could not have maintained itself, yet there remained a debt of about seventy-five thousand dollars, which was a constant menace, and laid unjust burdens upon those who for years had faithfully devoted themselves to the service of the church and their fellow-men in the work of higher Christian education in this community. From this and other causes there were frequent changes from time to time in the corps of instruction. Still, a full and thorough course for the degree of Bachelor of Arts was maintained through all these years ; and by the aid of several gentlemen, who contributed annually for this purpose, the president of the institution was enabled to equip a chemical laboratory and provide instruction in this department. The administration of the Eev. Dr. Sadtler closed with the year 1885. He, had resigned at the annual meeting of the board in June of that year, and, after a faithful and laborious service of nine years, 532 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. removed to his native city, Baltimore, where he has since lived in well-earned retirement. It is not my purpose to pursue this cursory review of our past history into the present administration. The lessons which I desire to draw from my subject are suflSciently taught by what has been briefly stated. I have thus far reviewed chiefly, and with many omissions, the financial history of the institution to the close of 1885. It will be sufficient to add, that since then the debt has been reduced from seventy-five thousand dollars to less than forty-five thousand dollars, and the endowment has been raised to one hundred and thirty-four thousand dollars, not counting the "Pegley bequest" of ten thousand dollars, and certain others not yet available. The buildings and grounds have also been put and kept in thorough repair, which has required a considerable outlay of money. The financial history has been one of alternate struggle and relief, the Lord sending help when the need was the greatest, so that at several periods in the history of the College we could raise our Ebenezers, and say with Samuel of old, "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." It remains for me to state, in a few words, what the institu- tion has accomplished for the cause of Christ and the higher education of our people under all these disabling conditions. It has continued without interruption, from the beginning until now, the beneficent work for which it was founded. It has educated and graduated nearly three hundred men, — to be exact, two hundred and ninety-six, — who, with very few excep- tions, have been a blessing to the church and the world, as men of character and worth, useful in their several occupations. Hundreds of others, not graduates, have been helped to a better education than they would otherwise have received, from the fact that the College brought the needed facilities within their reach. Of the two hundred and ninety-six alumni, one hundred and fifty-one have already entered the ministry of the gospel. Others are now pursuing a theological course in our Theologi- cal Seminary, and some, who are members of other commu- nions, are studying divinity elsewhere. Over one hundred of the ministers now in connection with our own Synod received qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 533 their college training in Muhlenberg College, a number itself larger than the membership of many respectable Synods. "We may well ask whence we could have obtained so large a num- ber of ministers for our own pulpits, to say nothing of others that have been supplied by us, if the College and Seminary had not been founded when they were. Although the College is only twenty-five years old, and most of her graduates are young men, scarcely any having reached middle age, yet a goodly number have already distinguished themselves as professors in our theological and literary institu- tions, as pastors of most important charges and congregations, as missionaries in our western territory, as superintendents and officers of public instruction, as authors, editors, and writers for the religious and secular press, as laymen prominent in the professions of their choice, some having won honorable names and titles in public life. Who can measure the influence for good upon our fellow-men which so large a body of educated Christian men have already exerted and will exert in the course of their lives? Many a struggling soul has been cheered on his waj', many a death-bed has been made easier by the kindly ministrations of these men. Eternity alone will unfold the extent of the beneficent infiuences which have emanated from this institution. We think we remain within the bounds of modesty when we claim that Muhlenberg College has done a great work for the church and the world during the first twenty-five years of its existence, in comparison with the limited means which have been placed at its command. But is it not a burning shame that a church so rich should keep its college so poor, and that, too, when the college is necessary for the education of its own pastors, to say nothing of the Christian training of its lay members. It is not creditable either to the intelligence or the piety of those who profess to be Lutherans, we will not say Christians, who show no interest in its prosperity and work, and are unwilling to contribute of their means to the cause of educating ministers in their own college for their own pulpits. Notwithstanding this indifference on the part of some, who 534 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. should know and do better, the College has lived through it all, and has done a noble work, as the results show. Much more, doubtless, would have been accomplished if the educational work of the church had received the attention and support which it deserved. But we thank God for the good which the College has been permitted to do in the past quarter- century, though under great discouragements, and we trust in him for the future. Hitherto hath the Lord helped us, and he will not desert us hereafter. When we look back over the history of the College during the last twenty-five years, and consider the diflSeulties in the way of its successful establishment, the competition of older and munificently endowed and equipped institutions on the same territory, the various claims pressing on our churches, and the dense ignorance on the part of many in regard to the importance and needs of such an institution, we are filled with wonder and gratitude to God that it has successfully passed through these trials, and that we can this day triumphantly raise our stone of help, our Bbenezer. The permanency of the College is secured. It has taken root too firmly to be eradicated or overthrown. The work it has done, and is doing, proves its right to existence. Its grad- uates are scattered over this broad land, and are laboring suc- cessfully, and in not a few instances occupying the first rank in their professions, side by side with the graduates of institu- tions that are venerable in age and conspicuous for their mag- nificent equipments. At the end of twenty-five years, in spite of all obstacles, it has secured an endowment larger than her comely mother, Pennsylvania College, possessed at the end of more than fifty years, and I believe more than Harvard at the close of the first century of her existence. Great institu- tions of learning are not often founded in a day, or even in a quarter of a century. We must not despise the day of small things. The future is yet before us with all its possibilities. The question now is, whether those who ought to strengthen it with their prayers and gifts will assist or obstruct it in its career of usefulness. Let every member of the church, every alumnus and student of the institution, every friend of the Col- qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 535 lege, every citizen of this community, unite their efforts during this quarter- centennial year, and remove the burden of debt which still remains. This is the least that should be realized this year. Then we would be prepared to take a new step in the march of progress that is before us. Although Muhlenberg College, with such equipment in build- ings, grounds, and faculties as she has hitherto had, has edu- cated and graduated many men conspicuous for their attain- ments and successful careers, and, if God so wills it, can educate many more of the same kind under the same limitations, yet, in competition with our wealthy neighbors, and in order to extend our usefulness and influence for good, we feel the need of more extensive grounds, buildings, and equipments. These are sure to come in time. Why not soon ? I leave it to our good people to answer. There is wealth enough and to spare in the hands of our people, and there is no object to which it could be devoted where it would do more good to our fellow- men, in Church and State, than the cause of Christian educa- tion ; for upon this, under God, depends the perpetuity of both. May God grant that during this quarter-centennial year the College may be richly blessed with the earnest jjrayers and the liberal gifts of his people ! May he establish and strengthen it unto every good work ! Young gentlemen of the graduating class I The wonderfully beautiful Epistle for this day begins with the words " God is love." They are so simple in form that a child may remember them, yet so profound in meaning that the wisest sage cannot fathom them. The love of God has a length, breadth, height, and depth that no human understand- ihg can compass. It is higher than heaven, deeper than hell, broader than earth and sea, and as enduring as eternity. In this love of God we live and move and have our being. All our hopes for time and eternity are based on it. It was out of pure love that he created the world ; that he made and re- deemed us. For the creation and redemption could add nothing to his happiness and glory, else were he imperfect, limited, and therefore not the absolute Deity. Why does God cause the sun to shine and shed abroad its warmth and light? He needs not 536 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. its heat, for he never grows cold ; nor does he require its light, for he himself is the eternal Light. Why does he shower down his blessings in the rains of heaven, and cause perennial fountains to spring from the depths of the earth ? He never thirsts. Why does he cover the fields with grain, burden the trees with fruit, and fill sea and air with fish and fowl ? He never hungers. Why does he adorn the meadows with vernal flowers, the trees with green foliage, fragrant blossonas, and glorious fruit? Why clothe the lily and the rose in garments of resplendent beauty ? Why deck the birds of the air with brilliant plumage of varied hue ? Why endow the songsters of the forest with notes of sweetest accent ? Simply because God is love. This love, my young friends, God has shown to you during the four years of your College course, and all your life, as Aveli as to your alma mater during her first quarter-century. You also are able to say, at the close of your career as College students, "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." He hath loved and helped you in various ways, — in giving you kind friends, in providing for your daily wants, in granting you health and strength for your daily tasks, in your studies, in your discipline, in the development of your mental and physical powers, in the training and education of your faculties, and in the formation of your characters. He has not only created you, but has also re- deemed youwith his precious blood, shed on Calvary. He has given you the means of grace, and, we trust, shed abroad the love of God in your hearts. By his love and help you have enjoyed the opportunity, during the last four years, of training your powers and informing your minds, of preparing and equip- ping yourselves for your subsequent pursuits and activities. The value of that preparation, I need hardly add, will depend upon the use which you have made of your advantages. Thus far you have lived and labored, rejoiced and lamented, in common as a class, under the sheltering arms of your alma mater. Henceforth your paths in life will diverge, your pur- suits will be different. But wherever God may cast your lot, be true to the lessons of Divine wisdom in which you have been instructed, and your real success will be assured. Be faith- ful to your God and your Lord Jesus Christ, loyal to your alma qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 537 mater, and true to your fellow-men, and you will be true to your- selves. May you all prove yourselves workmen that need not be ashamed ! May you live to be useful in your day and gen- eration, and reflect honor on your College and your friends ! I now commend you to the love and peace of God, which pass all understanding, and pray that, when you shall have completed the last stage in your earthly career, you may be able gratefully to raise your Bbenezer and triumphantly to say, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." Amen. The Seniors' Eeception. On Monday night President and Mrs. Seip tendered the usual reception to the Senior Class. This feature of com- mencement week is one of the most enjoyable events of the entire college course. The evening was spent in a delightful manner, and elegant refreshments were served. Jttnioe Oratoeioal Contest. The Junior oratorical contest, on Wednesday morning, was held in Music Hall. The front of the stage was beautifully decorated with tropical and domestic plants, and with a fine display of the college colors, red and gray. The effect was very pretty. A good-sized audience was present and entered heartily into the exercises of the day. The exercises began shortly after nine o'clock, when the entire class, numbering twenty-two, marched on the stage to music furnished by Pro- fessor Klingler's orchestra. Six representatives of the class contested for the twenty-five dollar prize, offered by the Alumni Association for the best oration as to manner and matter. The following is the order of exercises : PEAYEE. BY RET. JOHN SANDER (77), A.M., Professor of German and Latin in Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota. ADDRESS By Kbv. Benjamin Sadtlkr, D.D., Baltimore, Md. 35 538 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. MUSIC. Man's Relation to Man Euqkitk Stettlek, Mahanoy, Pa. The Past mirrors the Puture .... P. Gboroe Sieger, Stettlersville, Pa. MUSIC. Vanishing Dreams George A. Kbrchbb, Kutztown, Pa. The Grave, Glory's End Harry A. Yetteb, Marshall's Creek, Pa. MUSIC. Our National Pride Charles J. Gable, Beading, Pa. Pair Lady Una Joshua Miller, Gilbert's, Pa. BENEDICTION. It is a matter of great gratification to be able to present, in this connection. Dr. Sadtler's able and interesting address, de- livered on this occasion. the ends in view in securing an education. Young G-entlemen op the Undergraduate Classes of Muh- lenberg College, — The Committee of Arrangements for the Quarter-Centennial of the Institution, that you hope some day to claim as your cherished alma mater, have kindly invited me to become a participant in the exercises of the -week and to address myself more particularly to you. In casting about me to find some specific theme, it has occurred to me that a prac- tical discussion of " the ends a student should have in view in securing an education" would afibrd a profitable one, and to it accordingly, I invite your attention. The general idea of the end in view, in being educated is to acquire knowledge. It is of course one end, but, in an advanced education, it is after all but a subordinate one. Let us see what is the genesis of knowledge and the philosophical order in which the powers of the mind are to be developed and trained. QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 539 Let me begin by quoting you a succinct statement of the rela- tive value and progressive unfolding of our intellectual powers, as given by an able metaphysician of the day (Dr. D. S. Gregory) : " The cognitive faculty," says he, " is subordinate to the con- servative, both these to the comparative ; all three of these to the constructive. A true culture, therefore, must begin with the cognitive faculty, and train first the power of observation, external and internal, analytic and synthetic. The conservative faculty, or memory, will thus be stored with the facts of knowledge, and the way be prepared for the use of the com- parative or thought faculty, to do its work of generalizing, judging, and reasoning with this gathered and conserved ma- terial. The constructive faculty is last and highest in the work of education, and is to be trained to group all this cognized, conserved, and compared material." Thus far our author. The earliest student is, of course, the baby, knitting its infant brows and looking wise, as it strives to comprehend what it sees and hears and feels. With cruel kindness parents some- times help it to burn its fingers, to prevent the disaster of an overturned lamp or a too experimental acquaintance with the stove. But it is gaining the knowledge of observation. It is storing up facts. The babe reaches childhood and the school- age and is put to learning A from B and the unit from the ten and the centum. Elementary studies are assigned it and in this stage of an education the chief end in view is to acquire knowledge and garner up facts, to be conserved by memory. It is the period of life when habits of observation are to be cultivated and memory is to be judiciously trained, as to accu- racy in both acquiring and reproducing. Advanced educators hold that this is the golden period for the acquisition of modern languages, if acquired both through the eye and the ear, — as written and spoken languages. In a recent article, by President Andrews of Brown University, on " The next Steps forward in Education," he asserts : " We are coming to see the terrible and needless loss suffered by neglecting studies like botany, miner- alogy, physiology, and the elements of physics, till the pupil has passed the age of special observational power. The best schools now treat these so early as ten or twelve. Their pupils 540 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. come to college prepared to learn something, possessing not only the requisite rudimentary knowledge, but also the feeling for the work, that feeling which, if not awakened till eighteen or twenty, almost never comes at all." These observations apply to an elementary education ; but college students are supposed to be seeking an advanced education, and for them the mere acquisition of knowledge is far from being its chief end. A student may have a large amount of knowledge and his memory may be a vast storehouse of facts, but he may not be in any proper sense an educated man. During the period of my own collegiate course there was a remarkable member of the legal profession residing at Gettysburg; rather the county poor-house was his home. He seemed to be a walking law library, and his associates at the Bar often availed them- selves of his legal information in preparing their cases. Even the great commoner, Thaddeus Stevens, at that time a member of the Adams County Bar, did not disdain such assistance. He could read the Greek and Latin for the boys at sight, and seemed to remember about all he had ever read. Yet, withal, poor Jimmie Dobbins could not be trusted to manage the sim- plest case alone ; he lacked judgment utterly. The practical application I would make of this part of the discussion is to warn you, my young friends, against the fal- lacy that a good receptive and reproductive memory is neces- sarily a mark of a high order of mind ; that mere knowledge acquired by rote makes you well educated ; that the ability to recite glibly and fluently the ipsissima verba of your text- books constitutes you the best student in the class, deserving of the highest marks. Else higher in your conception of the true end of an educa- tion, and learn to regard all acquired knowledge as but the crude material of thought. To be true to the derivation of the word education, it is to be a drawing out, literally, an educing. This is only possible when data, facts, principles, in short, all knowledge as acquired from observation, book, or teacher are digested and elaborated in your own mind and you learn to think. Eeduce all your knowledge to order, like the careful merchant arranges his accounts, invoices, and corre- qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 541 spondence, or the lawyer his briefs and pleas. The sorriest specimen of a student is the one that- has a parcel of disasso- ciated facts floating about in his mind, like the loose seeds in a dried-up gourd. It has been well said that " a little knowl- edge, well grouped and ordered, comes much nearer the ideal education than infinite funds lying unassorted in the mind like so much raw ore." It is a better conception of the educated mind that it should be a workshop rather than a mere bin, a productive power rather than a receptive reservoir, rather a mill than the mill-dam. He is educating himself who is in- cessantly following the Baconian philosophy, the inductive method, requiring reflection, the patient and honest compari- son of many separate facts and truths and particulars, before attempting a generalization, and proclaiming anything as a law, in nature, science, or the providential government of the world. Yet every college has its athletes that never played on the campus ; they are the jumpers at conclusion, and some of them jump very wide of the truth. A prime virtue of the good student is accuracy, only to be attained by careful thought, superadded to patient pursuit of the truth, and a genuine love of study. Lessing's oft-quoted remark is one- sided, — "Did the Almighty, holding in his right hand truth and in his left search after truth, deign to tender me the one I might prefer, in all humility, but without hesitation, I should request search after truth." It will do to quote that to stimu- late zeal and industry in study. But is man ever to pursue and never to attain? Is truth something so intangible and unreal that it can never be found, and is not to be cherished when found ? The world wants positive convictions and men of profound faith, in somethings as realities and definite con- ceptions. Theorists are humanity's friends only up to a certain point; if theory never ripens into practical reality, itis illusive. " Tell me what you believe, I have enough doubts of my own," is a saying attributed to Goethe. Life is too real, its work is too stern, its issues too tremendous, to give it all over to speculative philosophers and amateurs in the domain of litera- ture and science, political economy and morals. Agnosticism is simply an insult to the human understanding, and its plea of 542 MVMLENBER& COLLEGE. ignorance is often but the deliberate purpose not to know so as to avoid and ignore the claims of conscience. But the price of an education that makes men thinkers, that can sound the depths and scale the heights and find certitudes somewhere, is conscientious toil. And just here let me direct your attention to a practical caution : it is against impulsiveness in study as over against steady systematic work, along lines laid down for you by those who are wiser, by reason of attainments and years, than yourselves. It is undeniable that there is in the American mind a distaste for authority and a disposition to rebel against it. Young America has not much use for hoary heads and the tried wisdom of age. The carnal mind invades the intellectual as well as the moral nature, and yet its enmity to authority, precedent, and experience needs to be overcome by submission to restraint, self-imposed but none the less rigor- ous. The ripe experience of generations of educators has marked out certain courses of study as indispensable to a good education. Yet multitudes of our restless youth would be specialists before they know a little Latin and less Greek. And the most pitiable thing is that there are institutions, all over the land, willing to help them in the folly. They should be held up to scorn. I am not putting Harvard University, and others of like grade, in this category, but I mention, in passing, the fact that the number of electives Harvard offers is so large that, if my memory serves me correctly, it would require one hundred and thirty-five years for any one student seriatim to take them all up and take the diploma for each. To-morrow one of the small colleges is allowing a graduate to discuss as his theme, in a ten-minute speech, the question, " Should College be elevated to the grade of an University ?" The faculty should sit with downcast eyes, suffused with en- during blushes, until the agony is over. We say to you. Get a decent education before you think of being specialists. Akin to the injunction, to work with the steady aim in view to discipline your powers up to the ability to think clearly and choose wisely, let me caution you against a frequent vice of student-life, and it is the indulgence in indiscriminate and dis- tracting reading during your course. The athlete that would qVARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 543 excel in the game or pursuit of his choice puts himself under constant restraint. Vigorous as may be his strength, he would increase it. Hence, however fond of indulgence in his appe- tites, he restrains himself, in every way that would weaken his powers of endurance, and counts no self-denial dear that may help him to pre-eminence and victory. He does it to make himself a splendid animal of the genus homo. Tour pursuits are nobler, and the crowns of your success more en- during. Collateral reading — literary, scientific, and historical — is always in order ; it is an essential part of intelligent study. But you know well that works of light literature are but too popular among students. In the study of English or German literature, you may reasonably be expected to know something of the style of each author, but that is a different thing from devouring Scott or Dickens or Thackeray or Hauff or Auer- bach or Marlitt by the whole shelf. Such reading may do for the occasional desserts, but for a constancy stick to the solids, the beef and bread, as your literary pabulum. Forget not that an education is a progressive thing, really never attaining its own true ideal, hence never finished. The term a finished education is a misnomer. I think the world could well dispense with many of its so-called philosophers, while it will have perpetual use for philosophy in its original and proper meaning of the love of wisdom. Hence seek after true culture as another end in view, — literary, aesthetic, and moral culture, — and the higher the refinement it produces the better. But beware of that spurious form, that turns self into an idol and develops into intellectual pride and self-suflSciency ; that is disloyal to God and out of all sympathy with all of mankind ; that cannot reach its own finical and captious stand- ard. Seek the truer culture that refines and ennobles, ex- pands the compass of thought and breadth of sympathy, and that ranks gentleness and goodness among its highest attri- butes. A recent writer upon educational topics has said, " All reflecting persons are coming to feel that unless schooling makes pupils morally better, purer within, and sweeter, kinder, stronger in outward conduct, it is unworthy the name." It should be so, but we fear his own good soul measured many 544 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. educators of the day by too high a standard. "With many, simple smartness and brilliancy are all-sufficient for a claim to high culture. See more in culture than Matthew Arnold saw in it, with its sweetness and light. Take it in its truest sense, and it will make man as nearly like Christ as may be. His boyhood grew in grace and wisdom. His manhood was per- fection in his love for truth, as well as the practice of it. In us holiness is the truest display of the highest culture; devoid of it a genuinely refined and thoroughly cultured intellect is an impossibility. A divorce between the two is unfaithful- ness to ourselves and dishonoring to G-od. The Socratic dic- tum, " Knowledge is virtue" is Pagan. The Christian standard is higher. Its wisdom is from above ; and, because emanating from such a source, it " is pure and peaceable, gentle and easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits." Believe it, as a prime article in your educational creed, that an education without the infusion of Christian principles cannot give peace and nobility to the individual nor safety and happiness to the community. But while you are striving to make constant acquisitions, are disciplining your powers, and forming accurate habits of scholarship, and seeking after true refinement and culture, all we hope with intensest zest, the highest practical aim and end of an education is not to be forgotten ; our self-culture is not to be a dead talent, cherished as priceless for ourselves ; but it is to be put out to usury for the good of the world and the well- being of the race. Hence the practical application of all our efforts should be found in the cultivation and exercise of our constructive faculties. Prom out of our gathered stores should come an effective reproduction by pen and by voice. In your curriculum constant provision is made for both. Clear think- ing should always lead to clear expression. When you were children you wrote in your copy-books with the purpose of forming a distinct and legible hand-writing. In your maturer years you are to write for another purpose; it is to form your style, to make you ready and forcible writers. It is irksome business at first ; to some, indeed, it is so first and last, as every professor of literature and rhetoric knows to his sorrow. It qUARTER-GENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 545 makes many students artful dodgers in the class-room and literary societies. Yet no part of an education is more im- portant. It is a great revealer of our own ignorance ; often a sovereign euro for vanity. Many a man only discovers how- dumb he is when he attempts to reduce his thoughts to writing. If there are any of the elements of the student in him, then comes the time for research, reflection, comparing views and sifting theories ; but let the work be bravely done, and the result is a thoughtful essay or more elaborate monograph. In a series of papers, now appearing in a leading magazine, from the pen of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, on " Characteristics," he makes North, one of his characters, say, " But for my part, I never clear my head to my satisfaction until I write out my thinkings. I may have to do it over and over, but in no other way do I get the best out of my brain." I call that a gem in educational literature. It is practice with the pen that alone can give lucidity, force, condensation, and balance to style. Invaluable is the habit to any one in professional life, that is called upon to instruct and influence his fellow-men. And much that has been said of the reproduction of our thoughts by the pen is equally true of the voice and of speech. It is a grand thing to be able with composure and readiness to stand up before an audience in the sanctuary, in the court of justice, in the halls of legislation, or elsewhere, and instruct and sway the multitude with thoughts that breathe and words that burn. In that act a man is at his best. But Demosthenes was not eloquent without studied effort and long practice, and it is as true of all whose masterly utterances have been the admira- tion of the ages. Covet, then, your opportunities for practice as essayists and orators, and the world will not call you ciphers. In conclusion, permit me to urge you, whether in the acquisi- tive or reproductive aspects of your education, to reach out after the external truths that gather around life and survive to eternity, that make us noble in character and a blessing to humanity. The student is a man, with a man's potentiality, but likewise with a man's responsibility. And that responsi- bility is not limited to himself; God and humanity have their 546 MUHLENBER& COLLEGE. claims. Were you as rich as Croesus, and had you the lon- gevity at your command to take all of Harvard's electives, yours were not the right to say, " I have paid my money for my tuition and expended the toil to acquire all the knowledge that literature and philosophy, art and science can furnish the mind, now ' I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods, literary and aesthetic, laid up for many years ; take thine ease.' " Tou have no right to plunder the ages for its wisdom and give nothing in return; you have no right to be mere dilettanti, enjoying all the culture of an education without giving aught to enlighten others. But give the best, real bread, not husks ; genuine gold, not base metal. It was Leib- nitz that wrote it, "He that undervalues the tremendous sig- nificance of religion, despite all culture, only plays into the hands of superstition." With trickery of speech play not the role of Mephistopheles or Lucifer, only bright to dazzle and brilliant to delude poor souls. Better be ignorant and good than learned and a devil. Young men, there once dwelt a youth on the earth, and as he grew " he increased in wisdom and stature.'' When his youth was done he was Christ, " the wisdom of God." Let him be the profoundest object of your faith and the highest example for you in character, and such an education will be best for your own soul's enjoyment and the well-being of mankind. And so " Pax vobiscum." BOAED OF TEUSTBES. The annual meeting of the Board of Trustees was held in the College Chapel on Wednesday afternoon. The meeting was called to order by President Spieker, at 1.30 p. m., and was opened with prayer by the Eev. D. K. Kepner, Pottstown, Pa. The following members were present : Hon. Edwin Albright, Eev. C. J. Cooper, C. J. Erdman, Esq., Eev. Dr. S. A. Eepass, T. W. Saeger, Hon. B. S. Shimer, Eev. J. D. Schindel, Eev. Dr. G. F. Spieker, and E. H. Stine, Esq., AUentown ; Eev. E. A. Bauer, Lehighton ; Eev. D. H. Geis-* singer, Easton ; Jacob Fegley, and Eev. D. K. Kepner, Potts- town ; Eev. G. A. Hinterleitner, Pottsville ; Eev. S. B. Ochsen- QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 547 ford, Selinsgrove ; Eev. J. P. Ohl, Quakertown ; Amos W. Potteiger, and Eev. M. C. Horine, Eeading ; A. Stanley Ulrieh, Esq., Eev. B. "W. Schmauk, Lebanon ; Eev. Dr. J. A. Seiss, Philadelphia; Eev. F.J. F. Schantz, Myerstown; and Eev. S. A. Ziegenfuss, Germantown. Eevs. GeisBinger and Fry and C. J. Erdman, Esq., are new members. THE college's FINANCES. Eev. C. J. Cooper, treasurer and financial agent of the College, presented his annual report, which shows an encourag- ing state of affairs. Following is a synopsis of the various items : Keeeived for the Permanent Pund $16,673.27 Expended 11,886.30 Balance 4,786.97 Eeceived for Current Fund 12,695.64 Expended 12,643.27 Balance on hand 52.37 Bills receivable 880.37 Bills payable 186.81 Credit 694.56 The General Endowment Fund now amounts to $26,216.97 ; the Lehigh County Professorship Fund to $16,005.40 ; the Eng- lish Professorship Fund to $11,489.55; the Mosser-Keek Pro- fessorship, $30,000; the Asa Packer Professorship, $29,020, which, added to various small amounts, aggregates $133,887.18. The liabilities of the College are $43,342.46. During the year there was received in cash for the liquidation of the debt $7,584.09, and subscriptions, $3,941 : total, $11,515.00. THREE NEW PROFESSOES ELECTED. The trustees appointed Eev. Dr. S. A. Eepass, pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Professor of Christian Evidences, Dr. H. H. Herbst ('78), Professor of Physical Culture, and Professor George T. Ettinger, Ph.D. ('80), for some years instructor in Latin, Greek, and German in the Academic Department, was 548 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. elected Professor of Pedagogy and Associate Professor of Latin Language and Literature. The professorships to which Drs. Eepass and Herbst were appointed are both new offices. The Latin professorship has not been regularly filled for some years, but was supplied by Eev. Dr. M. H. Eichards and Professor Davis Garber, Ph. D. A sketch of the life of Dr. Eepass will be found on another page of this volume under the topic " Trustees," and of Pro- fessors Herbst and Bttinger under that of " Alumni." DEaREES CONFERKED. Upon the recommendation of the Executive Committee the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon the graduating class and the degree of Master of Arts upon all of the eight members of the class of 1889, namely : Ernest M. Grahn, Phil- adelphia ; Dr. J. Wyllis Hassler, Allentown ; John B. Heil, Germansville ; John W. Horine, Eeading; Preston Laury, Hel- lertown; Elmer 0. Leopold, Pogelsville; Frank C. Oberly, Catasauqua, and John H. Eaker, Eaker, Pa. The same degree was conferred upon Harry K. Gregory, Esq., of Selinsgrove. The following honorary degrees were conferred : Ph. D. (Doc- tor of Philosophy), upon Eev. Professor George Stuart Puller- ton, of Philadelphia; D.D. (Doctor of Divinity), upon Eev. M. C. Horine, Eeading; Eev. Eeuben Hill, of Philadelphia, and upon Eev. H. C. Schmidt, of Eajahmundry, India, and the de- gree of L. H. D. (Doctor of Literature), upon Eev. Joseph A. Seiss, D. D., LL. D., of Philadelphia. The following ofScers were re-elected : President, Eev. Dr. G. P. Spieker ; Secretary, Eev. S. A. Ziegenfuss ; Treasurer, Eev. C. J. Cooper. The following Executive Committee was also re-elected: Eevs. Spiekfir, Ziegenfuss, Cooper, Eepass, Schindel, Seip, and Smith, and Messrs. J. K. Mosser, A. G. Saeger, T. W. Saeger, E. S. Shimer. The Examination Com- mittee was also re-elected. THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. The annual meeting of the Alumni Association was held at the College on Wednesday afternoon. About one hundred qVARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 549 members were present. Eev. S. B. Ochsenford ('76) presided, and E. J. Butz, Esq., was the secretary. The members of the class of '92 and Eev. H. B. Strodach, of Brooklyn, and Eev. A. M. Mehrkam, of Columbia, were elected active members, and Eev. W. J. Andres, of Bath, and Eev. J. H. Kuder, of Lehighton, honorary members. The committee to secure the portrait of Eev. Dr. Sadtler re- ported having completed its duty, and the picture now adorns the wall of the College Chapel. A resolution was passed thanking Judges Eeeder and Bndlich and General Gobin for their services as judges at the Junior oratorical contest. THE LITERABT SOCIETIES' REUNIONS. One of the most pleasant features of the week was the re- union held by the Euterpean and Sophronian Literary Societies, connected with the College, Wednesday afternoon. The hand- some quarters of the two Societies were crowded, and a large number of impromptu speeches were made by members and former members. THE ALUMNI BANQUET. The following account of the Alumni Banquet has been gathered from the Allentown dailies, which appeared on Thursday morning of commencement week. For about six hours last night the Lutherans were in pos- session of Hotel Allen. They owned the place for the time being, and nothing was too good for them. They began to assemble there about eight o'clock, and an hour later the hotel fairly swarmed with the sons of Muhlenberg. Never has there been so large a gathering of the Alumni of this insti- tution. Nearly every class was represented, many coming from distant places. With them were the president, the two ex-presidents of the College, the faculty, trustees, friends, and invited guests. The occasion that drew together this body of representative Lutheran men was the Alumni Banquet, which was served in the dining-hall of the Hotel Allen. Unavoidable delay kept the doors of the banquet-hall closed until ten o'clock, but the time was not lost. It aiforded opportunity for friend 550 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. meeting friend, for the exchange of brotherly greeting, for the renewal of old associations, and for converse and reminiscence. But there is a time for all things, and the time for ministering to the wants of that well-known individual, " the inner man," had now come. The word was given to form in line, and it was obeyed with an alacrity that showed a general eagerness for the work awaiting the diners. To the music of Klingler's orchestra, stationed in an adjoining room, the march to the dining-room began at ten o'clock. The line was headed by President Seip and ex-Presidents Muhlenberg and Sadtler, followed by the faculty, trustees, invited guests, and the classes in the order of their graduation. The dining-room presented a beautiful appear- ance. The American flag, in graceful folds, was numerously dis- played, which, together with gay bunting, a profusion of plants and flowers, combined to lend a brilliant aspect to the room. There were three tables extending the length of the room and one across its width. Covers were laid for fully two hundred guests, and that was about the number present. The Alumni were seated by classes, the location of each class being indicated by a small banner, on which was inscribed, in gilt letters, the name of the class. Mine Host Harris, realizing the fact that good Lutherans usually have good appetites and better stomachs, arranged a most tempting bill. Like all the Hotel Allen ban- quets, it was served in elegant style. The cook evidently is an artist, and knew what would tickle the Lutheran palate. The menu card consisted of five sheets bound together by the College colors. The top sheet consisted of an illuminated de- sign of the College seal, and was appropriately inscribed. With every dish there was a Shakespearian quotation. The feasting went along steadily for over two hours, and the good things vanished with surprising quickness. Eev. S. A. Ziegenfuss, of Germantown, of the class of '70, was master of ceremonies. Grace was said by Dr. Muhlenberg. With a few exceptions every man stood by his plate to the end, and all of them were of the opinion that it was good to be there. Coffee and cigars finally came, and then came the post-prandial feature, — the speeches. qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 551 The toasts and the gentlemen who responded were as fol- lows : " Muhlenberg College," President Seip ; " The Female College," Eev. Dr. Eeily ; " The Ministerium of Pennsylvania," Eev. Dr. Samuel Laird, of Philadelphia ; " The City of Allen- town," ex-Mayor Allison ; " The Board of Trustees,'' Rev. Dr. G. F. Spieker ; " The Bar," Hon. C. E. Lantz, of Lebanon ; " The Faculty," Eev. Dr. M. H. Eichards ; " The Medical Profession," Dr. H. H. Herbst, Allentown ; " The Alumni," Eev. S. B. Och- senford, Selinsgrove, Pa. The responses were able, eloquent, and happy. A letter was read from Eev. Dr. Krotel, of New Tork, expressing his inability to be present. It was after two o'clock when the event, one of the most notable in the history of Muhlenberg College, came to an end. A word of praise is due to the committee who had charge of the banquet. The amount of work involved was great, but it was well performed by the gentlemen in charge, who merited the good words spoken of them. The committee consisted of Dr. Howard S. Seip, Eev. Prof. John A. Bauman, Edwin H. Stine, Esq., Prof. George T. Ettinger, Ph. D., and Eeuben J. Butz, Esq. 552 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Following is the MENU. ' Now good digestion wait on appetite, And liealtli on both." Macbeth, hi, 4. LiTTLi Neck Olams on Shell. "He hath eaten me out of house and home." II Henry IV., ir. 1. Kennebeo Salmon. " Our stomachs Will make what's homely, sayory." Cymbeline, III. 4. Radishes, Lettuoe, Sliced Tomatoes, Olives, Youmg Onions, Pickles. " Brimful of sorrow and dismay." Tempest, t. 1. Fillet of Bebe. ' ' What say you toapieceofbeef, andmustard?" Taming of the Sheew, rv. 3. Young Turkey, Giblets, and Cranberry Sauce. Potato Gratin. "How bless'd, how envied were our life. Could we but 'scape the poulterer's knife ! But mass, curs'd mass, on turkeys preys." Quay's Fables. Neapolitan Ice Cream. Cakes. " For this relief, much thanks; 'tis bitter cold." Hamlet, i. 1. Cheese. Crackers. ' You shall nose him." Hamlet, iv. 3. Consomme Royal. ' Nay, you must stay the cooling too. Or you may chance to burn your lips." Teoiltjs and Ceessida, 1. 1. POMMB DE TeRRE PaRISIENKE. " If he had been forgotten, It had been as a gap in our great least." Macbeth, m. 1. Claret Punch. " Good wine is a good, familiar creature, if it Be well used ; exclaim no more Eigainst it." Othello, ii. 3. Mushrooms and Asparagus. " If you poison us, do we not die ?" Merchant op Venice, in. 1. Lobster Salad. ' So may he rest ; his fatilts be gently on him." Henry VIII., iv. 2. Strawberries. " The strawberry grows underneath the nettle ; And wholesome berries thrive and ripen best. Neighbored by fruit of baser quality." Henry V., 1. 1. COJPBB. " Excellent ! I smell a device." Twelfth Night, n. S. Cigars. " O thou weed. Who art so lovely fair, and smell'st so sweet, Would thou hadst ne'er been born." Othello, iv. 2. MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. " My heart is ever at your service." TiMON OP Athens, i. 1. qVARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 553 The following were present at the banquet : President T. L. Seip, D. D., Professor Davis Garber, Ph. D., Eev. M. H. Eichards, D. D., Eev. G. P. Spieker, D. D., B. S. Dieter, of the faculty. Trustees. — Judge Edwin Albright, Eev. C. J. Cooper, finan- cial agent and treasurer; Eev. S. A. Eepass, D. D., T. W. Saeger, Hon. E. S. Shimer, Eev. J. D. Schindel, C. J. Brdman, Esq., of Allentown ; Jacob Pegley and Eev. D. K. Kepner, of Pottstown; Eev. G. A. Hinterleitner, D.D., of Pottsville ; Eev. M. 0. Horine and A. "W. Potteiger, of Eeading; Eev. J. A. Seiss, D. D., LL. D., Philadelphia ; Eev. P. J. P. Schantz, of Myerstown ; A. Stanley Ulrich, Esq., of Lebanon ; Eev. D. H. Geissinger, of Easton, with those of the Alumni, mentioned with their classes. Guests. — Eev. F. A. Muhlenberg, D. D., LL. D., of Green- ville ; Eev. B. Sadtler, D. D., of Baltimore ; Eev. Theodore B. Sehmauk, Cyrus A. Lantz, Esq., of Lebanon ; Eev. B. L. Eeed, Lancaster ; Eev. C. W. Schaefifer, D. D., LL. D., Eev. S. Laird, D. D., Eev. W. Ashmead Schaeffer, Eev. S. A. K. Francis, Philadelphia ; Eev. G. K. Mosser, of Noxen ; Oliver Williams, of Catasauqua; Edwin Keller, A. S. Shimer, J. H. Saeger, Hon. H. W. Allison, H. W. Koch, Eev. W. M. Eeily, Ph. D., W. F. Schlechter, W. H. Weinsheimer, A. H. Ettinger, T. H. Diehl, Dr. E. G. Martin, J. B. Balliet, J. W. Grubb, Eev. A. E. Home, D.D., Dr. Orlando Fegley, F. J. Sherer, Eev. G. W". Eichards, and Wra. L. Hartman, of Allentown. ALUMNI. 1869. — Eev. Milton J. Kramlich, Allentown. 1870. — Eev. John J. Kuntz, Conyngham ; Eev. Samuel A. Ziegenfuss, Philadelphia, secretary of Board pf Trustees. 1871. — Eev. Jacob H. Neiman, Catawissa ; Eev. Jeremiah F. Ohl, Quakertown, of the Board of Trustees ; Eev. Oliver P. Smith, Pottstown, president of First Conference ; Eev. Henry B. Strodach, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1872. — Eev. John A. Scheffer, Allentown. 1873. — Eev. Prof John A. Bauman, Allentown, of the faculty ; Eev. Jesse S. Erb, Slatington, secretary of the Second 554 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Conference ; Eev. Charles J. Hirzel, Philadelphia ; Eev. John Nieum, Eochester, N. Y., General Council secretary and presi- dent of the Board of Trustees of "Wagner College. 1874. — Eev. James L. Becker, Lansdale, secretary of the First Conference ; Eev. Asa B. Erdman, E" azareth ; Hon. Milton C. Henninger, State Senator, Allentown ; Alfred M. Koons, D. D. S., Allentown ; James L. Schaadt, Esq., Allen- town ; Eev. Jacob Q. Upp, South Baston. 1875. — Eev. Chas. H. Hemsath, Eoseville, O. ; Eev. William A. Passavant, Jr., General Council superintendent of Home Missions, Pittsburg; Edwin H. Stine, Esq., prothonotary, Allentown. 1876. — Charles P. Camp, Esq., South Watauga, Tenn. ; Eev. Solomon E. Oehsenford, Selinsgrove, member of the Board of Trustees, president of the Alumni Association, and president of the Fifth Conference. 1877. — Eev. Prof. John Sander, of Gustavus Adolphus Col- lege, St. Peter, Minn. 1878.— Eev. Charles L. Pry, Lancaster; H. H. Herbst, M.D., Allentown ; Professor Oliver G. J. Schadt, of Temple College, Philadelphia ; Eev. James D. Woodring, Beading. 1879. — Eev. Charles N. Conrad, Eochester, N. T. ; George D. Erause, Lebanon; Eev. George S. Seaman, Adamsburg; George B. Schock, Esq., Lebanon. I880.--Professor George T. Bttinger, Ph. D., Allentown, of the faculty ; Marvin 0. Koons, Lehighton ; Eev. Solomon B. Stupp, Gilbert's; Eev. John H. Umbenhen, Pottsville. 1881.— David J. M. Kuntz, Esq., Easton; Eev. Luther M. McCreery, Middlepoint, O. ; Eev. Charles E. Sandt, Freemans- burg. 1882. — Eev. Lewis J. Bickel, Wilmington, Del. ; Aaron B. Hassler, Esq., Lancaster ; Eev. Jacob W. Lazarus, Centreville ■ Eev. Eobert D. Boeder, Norristown ; Eev. Edwin H. SmoU Schuylkill Haven ; Eev. T. M. Yundt, superintendent of Bethany Orphans' Home, Womelsdorf 1883. — Professor M. Luther Home, Quakertown ; Eev. John * J. Kline, New Hanover; Eev. Jeremiah H. Bitter, Shannon- dale ; Eev. William A. Sadtler, Chicago, 111. ; Eev. James O. qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 555 Sehlenker, Hazleton; Eev. E. Morris Smith, Baden; Eev, William F. Schoener, South Bethlehem. 1884.— Eev. Alfred J. L. Breinig, Augustaville ; John M. Dettra, Esq., ISTorriBtown ; Eev. William D. C. Keiter, West Bethlehem ; Eev. Elmer P. Krauss, Homestead ; Eev. Hiram J. Kuder, Bath ; Jacob W. Uhrich, Grantville ; Yalentine J. TJhrich, Esq., Lebanon ; Eev. William H. Zuber, Greensburg ; Ira Wise, B. S., Allentown. 1885. — Eev. Charles C. Boyer, Boyertown ; Eev. Frank P. Fry, Bethlehem, of the Board of Trustees ; Eev. C. F. William Hoppe, Pittsfield, Mass ; Elmer E. Johnson, M. D., Pottstown ; Professor Francis G. Lewis, Bethlehem ; Eev. Eobert B. Lynch, Dublin ; Eev. A. Miles Mehrkam, Columbia; Wilson K. Mohr, Esq., Allentown ; Howard S. Seip, D. D. S., Allentown ; Eev. Adam Weber, Mount Joy ; Eev. Elias A. Yehl, Coopersburg. 1886. — Eev. Ernest T. Kretschmann, Ph. D., Trappe; Samuel ' N. Potteiger, Esq., Eeading ; Elmer O. Eeyer, Esq., Stemton ; Eev. Nelson F. Schmidt, Schwenksville ; J. Jeremiah Snyder, Esq., Allentown ; Eev. John H. Waidelich, Sellersville. 1887.— Eeuben J. Butz, Esq., Allentown ; Eev. Tilghman F. German, Philadelphia; Eev. William W. Kramlich, Womels- dorf ; Eev. Frank M. Seip, Lebanon. 1888.— Eev. William F. Bond, Tower City; Eev. George Gebert, Tamaqua ; Eev. David G. Gerberich, Weatherly ; Eev. James F.Lambert, Catasauqua; Ealph Metzger, Esq., Allen- town; Henry M. Schantz, M. D., Eeading; George E. Ulrich, D. D. S., Selinsgrove ; Eev. John M. Wenrich, Stoutsville, O. 1889. — Eev. Ernest M. Grahn, Baston; J. Wyllis Hassler, M. D., Allentown ; Eev. John B. Heil, Hughestown ; Eev. John W. Horine, Philadelphia; Eev. Preston Laury, Marietta; Eev. Elmer O. Leopold, Girardville; Eev. Frank C. Oberly, Allentown; Eev. John H. Eaker, Pen Argyl. 1890.— William O. Fegley, Breinigsville ; Alfred K. Keck, White Haven ; George S. Kleckner, Moorestown ; Irwin B. Kurtz, East Greenville ; Evan B. Lewis, Philadelphia ; Nathan D. Martin, Allentown ; Nevin E. Miller, Allentown ; J. Charles Eausch, East Allentown ; Irwin B. Eitter, Breinigsville ; John F. Saeger, Allentown; Ira E. Seidle, Normal Square; Harry S. 556 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. Snyder, Allentown ; James B. Werner, Allentown ; John J. Tingling, Allentown. 1891. — Milton J. Bieber, Kutztown; George S. Butz, Allen- town ; "William H. Cooper, Allentown ; Martin S. Harting, Oley; Henry H. Hower, Cherryville; William W. Kistler, Leibyville ; Joseph P. Shimer, Allentown ; Charles C. Snyder, Sellersville. 1892. — Clarence Beck, Stone Church ; Oscar F. Bernheim, Wilmington, N. C. ; Ulysses G. Bertolet, Fagleysville ; Edwin M. Beysher, Philadelphia; Harvey P. Butz, Breinigsville ; Frederick Doerr, Lancaster; J. Eiehmond Merkel, Klines- ville ; Henry B. Eichards, Eeading ; Charles G. Spieker, Allen- town ; Frederick W. Spieker, Allentown ; Edward H. Trafford, Annville ; Leo Wise, Allentown. COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. The commencement exercises and quarter-centennial cele- bration of Muhlenberg College were continued on Thursday morning, June 23, when fifteen young men were graduated from the institution. While all had prepared orations, only ten of the Seniors delivered their speeches. Notwithstanding the rather unfavorable weather, a large audience was in Music Hall to witness the graduation of the class of '92. Many prominent men occupied seats on the stage, among them being leading members of the Lutheran Ministerium, the faculty. Board of Trustees, etc. The following was the order of exercises : PEAYBE. BY SAMUEL LAIRD, D.D., Of Philadelphia. Address By Rbv. P. A. Muhlenberg, D. D., LL.D., Greenville, Pa. MUSIC. Latin Salxttatoey .... J. Richmond Merkel, Klinesville, Pa. (Second Honor, 98.563.) . qUARTER-CENTENmAL CELEBRATION. 557 MUSIC. Life's Hyperbole * Oscak E. Bkbnhkim, "Wilmington, N. 0. Oratory, an Art Edwin M. Bbyshbr, Philadelphia, Pa. Shadowed Time * Paul S. Ulrich, Lebanon, Pa. History in Stones Edward H. TRArroRD, Annville, Pa. MUSIC. The Modern Pillars of Hermes* Leo Wise, Allentown, Pa. No Armor behind Hbnrt B. Eichards, Reading, Pa. The Genius of Protestantism * Charlbs G. Spibker, Allentown, Pa. The Sun-born Youth .... Harvby O. Butz, Breinigsville, Pa. MUSIC. Philosophical Oration . . Clarence Beck, Stone Church, Pa. (Third Honor, 98.182.) German Oration Ultssbs G. Bertolet, Eagleysville, Pa. (Third Honor, 98.180.) MUSIC. Moral or Spiritual, which ? . Frederick Doerr, Lancaster, Pa. The Literature of Power * . . Frederick W. Spiekbr, Allentown, Pa. Nature's Alembic Isaac H. Stettler, Mahanoy P. O., Pa. MUSIC. Valedictory Adam L. Eamer, Virginsville, Pa. (First Honor, 98.582.) MUSIC. Conferring of Degrees . By the President. Distribution op Prizes. ANNOtrNCEMENTS. Benediction. Received Honorable Mention. Henry B. Richards, 97.191. Leo Wise, 97.162. • EXCUSED PEOM SPEAKING. Dr. Seip presented the diplomas to the graduates and then announced the degrees which were conferred by the Board of Trustees, and which appear in connection with the report of the meeting of that body. President Seip announced that the College prizes had been awarded as follows : Senior Class : The Amos Ettinger Honor Medal, to the member of the class having attained the highest 558 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. grade average in all studies, to Adam L. Earner, of Yirgins- ville. Pa. The Butler Analogy prize, twenty-five dollars, offered by C. E. Lantz, Esq., of Lebanon, for the best record in a competitive examination upon Butler's Analogy, to Adam L. Eamer. Junior Class. — The Alumni Oratorical prize, twenty-five dol- lars, offered by the Alumni Association, to that member of the class making the best speech in English, as to manner and matter, at the Junior contest, Harry A. Tetter, of Marshall's Creek ; honorable mention of P. George Sieger, of Stettlers- ville, as to matter, and of George A. Kercher, of Kutztown, as to manner. Sophomore Class. — The Eliza Botanical prize, fifteen dollars for the best essay and herbarium on " The Order Liliacese," presented by Eev. W. A. Passavant, Jr., of Pittsburg, to Allen V. Heyl, of Allentown ; honorable mention of J. W. H. Heintz, Philadelphia. Dr. Seip also announced the election of the three new pro- fessors, elsewhere noted, and added a few kind words to each of the newly-chosen ofiicers. DE. MUHLENBEKG'S ADDRESS. It is a matter of great gratification to be able to present, in this connection, the interesting address delivered on this occa- sion by the Eev. Dr. Muhlenberg, the first president of the College that bears his honored name. He spoke as follows : Citizens of Allentown, residents of the many flourishing towns and districts of this beautiful Lehigh Valley, friends of the College, from the neighborhood or a distance, it gives me great pleasure to meet with and greet you once more on this interesting occasion. Having just finished two weeks of continued labor connected with the closing exercises of Thiel College at Greenville, where I spent the last year in the service of the church, my convic- tions and feelings would have led me to decline participating, in your commencement, following the former in such close suc- cession, had not the circumstances in Allentown been of such a special nature, and my connection with the College at an qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 659 earlier period of its history been so intimate. These consider- ations, however, the uniform kindness I experienced at your hands for many years, during my pleasant residence with you, and the warm and polite solicitations of your worthy president, urged me, almost against my will, to be present with you for a portion of the time, at least, set apart for these memorial services. A quarter of a century has now passed, dear friends, since, after several earnest solicitations on your part, your speaker came into your midst to aid in the establishment of this insti- tution, whose youthful vigor and extended usefulness you are now, in such large numbers, and with so much unanimity, en- gaged in celebrating and striving to improve. It is true that was not my first visit to the fair prospects of this rich valley. I had made an earlier one some fourteen years before, while the gifted Christian teacher, the younger Kessler, had charge of the school, which was subsequently en- larged into Muhlenberg College. But on each occasion it occurred to me that these hills and valleys of our own sylvan State would favorably compare with the pastoral scenes of ancient Arcadia, so much lauded by "the bards of old, or the attractive imaginative pictures found in Easselas, Prince of Abyssinia. Nor were these first impressions ever changed by a subsequent residence among them of some ten years' duration. Here, I always thought, one might wish in peaceful seclusion to live, and alongside of your three confluent amicable streams, with their laughing flow of waters, and the ever-changing natural scenery of hill and valley, shade and sunshine, to lie down in quiet for the last repose. But while on this second occasion my eyes were again feasted with the fair prospect, my heart was sad with the thought of the great work before me, of which I was fully cognizant, both from my own repeated reflections and the strongly-uttered misgivings of aged and sympathizing friends, alas ! no longer among the living. In the cloud of sadness there were rays of consolation ; for I was conscious that the work had been undertaken, not with the rashness of youth. 560 MVHLENBERa COLLEGE. but in the fear of God, and in reliance on his aid. So, in the society of an everfldus Achates I gazed with thoughtful interest on the buildings which, in accordance with the previous action of the respected first Board of Trustees, were to be repaired, remodelled, and enlarged to be our future home, for the benefit of our dear church, and to be the silent witness of toils and anxieties, as well as pleasures, which have never been and never will be told to any human ear. They are known only to Him who always judges righteously. These are here recorded as a few cursory allusions to the past ; they are not intended to be historical details ; it would require volumes to write out the record of that memorable decade of years, and your patience might become weary with the recital. The present occasion and circumstances will allow only of a few hints or reminiscences of the past. We can scarcely even allude to the history of the first four months of that first mem- orable session, during which the new building was erected, the last slate on the roof of which was put on at the commencement of a deep fall of snow, which, had it come earlier, would have delayed the erection of the edifice for another year ; nor the organization of the corps of professors ; the preparation of the curriculum of studies, in which your present presiding officer and another dear friend, now living in Chicago, were my efla.- cient aids ; nor the continuous labors of the Board of Trustees in their weekly sessions for the interests of the College through- out the first year of the youthful life of the institution. Those early and steadfast friends of the College and myself will never be forgotten by me, as they ought not to be, by the church and the friends of liberal education here and else- where. Three may be selected out of the number for particu- lar reference, without any thought of depreciating the value of the rest, or any expectation of exciting any unkindly feel- ing against them ; the aged Lutheran patriarch, who with his father, preached the gospel in your neighborhood for more than a full century ; the learned, faithful, and upright gentleman of the AUentown Bar, always ready to furnish gratuitously the wisest counsel to the young College; the able and noble- QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 561 minded banker, who so often gave us aid in our financial diffi- culties, and by his judicious, persistent, and continued efforts for a series of years, as the writer knows, was the main cause of the bequest of the Hon. Asa Packer in his will of 1876 to Muhlenberg College of the professorship which bears his name. The memory of these now deceased friends and great- est benefactors of the College in the early administration of its affairs, and that of the other zealous clergymen and laymen of the Lutheran, Reformed, and other Protestant churches, who so liberally aided in the early efforts to place the College upon a solid foundation, will be cherished by me, as they have been, in loving affection, while life endures, and prominent among them all, my aged and worthy friend, Jonathan Eeichard. Thanks be to them all on this occasion, whether specially or generally mentioned. They were all useful, all necessary, all faithful, in accordance with their several gifts, and the present advanced condition of the College in its resources, endowments, and stu- dents, standing as sentinels for the truth, from our own State to the States of the Pacific coast, is due to the solid foundation laid in 1867 by the far-sighted trustees, upon which succeeding ofllcers, faculty, and generous friends have reared the present noble superstructure for the benefit of the present and future generations. But my memory recalls into present consciousness a past resolution. It was my purpose, knowing from the printed programme the length of the exercises, and the unfavorable character of the season for them, to say little or nothing on this occasion. I knew, from my long past experience, that frequently the shortest speeches were the most acceptable, and hence did not wish to err in this regard, however I might fail in others. Your exercises appeared to me as a long objective play or poem, for which it was my duty to furnish a brief prelude. Many of you are aware of the design of this in the splendid plays of antiquity. It was designed especially to prepare the way, in behalf of the crowd of deeply interested spectators, for the rich and varied recitations and exhibitions which- were to follow. In grand proportions kings, queens, and heroes 562 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. appeared in gorgeous dress, representatives of all conditions of human life ; splendid choral odes succeeded, accompanied with elaborate music, appropriate vestments, and the graceful dance ; solemn processions passed over the stage ; grand declamations followed, the creations of the most gifted minds, giving instruc- tion in religion, government, ethics, and taste ; the whole ending with an appeal to the auditors to give heed to the moral of the play and render the appropriate words of applause at the close. After some such model is this rare objective picture before us. Youthful aspirants for literary excellence and honors will appear before you in all their attractiveness ; the impressive ceremonial connected with the graduation of the advanced class in the College and the distribution of the rewards of merit will be witnessed again by admiring friends. Perhaps the laborious financial agent and treasurer will tell you some of his trials and triumphs ; these will be interspersed with ap- propriate and "jocund" music, and the final and best feature of the day will be the wise words of instruction from the ablest Christian educators of the eastern part of our State; repre- sentatives of honored sister institutions for this festal day ; and foremost among them, Luna inter ignes minores, the venerable University of Pennsylvania. This was the feature of higher culture fostered by Luther and Melanchthon, justly called " Prseceptor Germanise," the associate reformers of the other branches of the Protestant church ; has been cultivated ever since the Eeformation in Germany, the land of scholars, and has been continuously imi- tated by the Lutheran Colleges in Pennsylvania and this Western World. This is the genuine higher education which you will hear on this day well defended in conclusive logic and ornate style, and you will be convinced that upon this Christian education the greatest welfare of nations, as well as of indi- viduals, depends; and that this is a special bulwark of a repre- sentative republic. When you have listened with delighted attention to this ' varied programme, with the impromptu addresses of " wit and wisdom" united, which are to be expected from visiting friends, high in state and influence, and have seen the good qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 563 results of the whole, then with united voices respond, in ac- cordance with ancient ceremony, to the words of the prelude, " Plaudite." RECEPTION AND DINNER. Immediately after the commencement exercises the friends of the College, students, and alumni proceeded to the college, where President Seip held a reception in the chapel. The annual dinner given by the ladies to the alumni followed, and was an elaborate affair. After dinner had been served, a large concourse of people gathered on the campus, in front of the college building, to listen to the centennial addresses. In front of the main entrance of the college, a platform had been erected for the accommodation of speakers, and seats were provided for several hundred guests. The exercises were opened with prayer by the Eev. "William Ash mead Schaeifer, of Philadelphia. On the platform were seated prominent men from various parts of the country and educators from different institutions. Addresses were delivered as follows : Eev. Prof Adolph Spaeth, D.D., president of the Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. Eev. Prof Charles W. Schaeffer, D.D., LL.D., Chairman of the Faculty of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Eev. Prof. Herman V. Hilprecht, Ph. D., of the University of Pennsylvania, presented the greetings of that institution in the unavoidable absence of Provost William Pepper, M. D., LL. D. Eev. Prof J. S. Stahr, Ph.D., D.D., president of Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. Prof. B. D. Warfield, LL. D., president of Lafayette College, Baston, Pa. EeVi F. J. F. Schauta, A. M., represented the Board of Trus- tees, as one of the three members of the original Board. Eev. William H. Myers ("73), A.M., Eeading, Pa., represented the Alumni. ALUMNI REUNION. On Thursday evening the Alumni held a reunion in Music Hall. The exercises began at eight o'clock, in the presence of 564 MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. a large and appreciative audience. Excellent music was fur- nished by a society of ladies, — The Musicale. The following programme was followed : MASTER OS CBEEMONIBS. Ebt. "William A. Passatant, Jk. ('75), Pittsburg, Pa. PART I. 1. Song — " Lauriger Horatius" Englished by M. H. K. The Audience. 2. Anniversary Poem . By Rbv. G. H. Geberdinq ('73), Fargo, N. D. (Read by Professor J. A. Bauman, '73.) S. Duett — Marohe Militaire Schttbbrt. Misses Bowen and Dkshlek. 4. " Our Ministers" . Rev. Carl N. Conrad ('79), Rochester, N. T. 5. Piano Solo — Pantaisie — -Les Huguenots Metbrbbbr. Miss Meters. 6. Chorus — "Hark I hark the Lark I" Schubert. (Arranged by Prof. 0. A. Marks.) The Musicale. 7. " Our Lawyers" . . . George B. Schock, Esq. ('79), Lebanon, Pa. 8. Trio — Marche Triomphale Gobbaerts. Misses Kohlbk, Martin, and Yeaqbr. 9. " Our Doctors" . . John K. Eeinoehl, M. D. ('79), Lebanon, Pa. 10. Vocal Solo—" Spring Song" "Willem Cobnen. Mrs. William Miller. PART II. 1. Piano Duett — Andante from Fifth Symphony .... Bbbthotbn. Misses Shimbr and Mats. qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 565 2. "Our Business Men" . Mr. George D. Kkause ('79), Lebanon, Pa. 3. Song— " Alma Mater" The Audience. 4. Piano Solo — Impromptu Schubert. Miss Ida Boter. 5. " Our Teachers" .... Prop. George T. Ettinqer, Ph. D. ('80), Allentown, Pa. 6. Chorus — "The Yeoman's "Wedding Song" Poniatowski. The Musicale. 7. " Our Sweethearts" ... J. J. Snyder, Esq. ('86), Allentown, Pa. 8. Piano Duett — " Minstrel's Serenade" LcBW. Misses Birchenough and Breinig. 9. " Our Wives" .... Eet. Charles L. Fry ('78), Lancaster, Pa. 10. Song— " Auld Lang Syne" The AtTDiENCE. During the intermission in the rendition of the programme, the various classes reported the amounts contributed by them towards the removal of the debt, and, although no complete reports could be given, encouraging activity was shown in the gathering of funds. The following songs were rendered by the ladies of The Musicale, and participated in by the large audience which filled Music Hall. LAUEIGEE HOKATIUS. Englished by M, H. R. Poet Horace, students' friend. Deepest truth thy saying ; Swifter than the east wind's flight. Time our joy's decaying. Chorus. — Where, oh, where the days of old, Sweetest their aroma. Student friendships, student flames, Studies, tricks, diploma. 566 MOHLENBERQ COLLEGE. Sweeter tastes the ripened grape, Pair grows the maiden, But the A. B. drieth up, Though with knowledge laden. — Cho. Why then study overmuch, Crave for fame that saddens 7 We must sometimes also taste Social joy that gladdens. — Oho. Muhlenberg, thy sons to-night College joys live over ! In the furrow leave the plough, Colts once more in clover. — Cho. ALMA MATEE. Alma Mater I we hail thee with loyal devotion. And bring to thine altar our off 'ring of praise, Our hearts swell within us with joyful emotion. As the name of Old Muhlenberg in chorus we raise. The happiest moments of youth's fleeting hours, We've passed 'neath the shade of thy time-honored walls ; And sorrows as transient as April's brief showers. Have clouded our life in our dear College halls. And when life's golden autumn with winter is blending. And brows, not so radiant, are furrowed with care ; When the blightings of age on our heads are descending, With no early friends all our sorrows to share ; Oh I then as in memory backward we wander, And roam the long vista of past years adown, On the scenes of our student life often we'll ponder, And think of thee, Muhlenberg, in Fair AUentown. AITLD LANG SYNE. Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never bro't to min' ? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And days o' lang syne ? qUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 567 Chorits. — For auld lang syne, my friends, For auld lang syne, We'll sing the old familiar song. For auld lang syne. "We meet again, where once we met, "While throbbed the youthful heart "With joys and hopes, remembered yet, "We meet — but meet to part 1 — Cho. A scattered brotherhood are we. For one brief day returned. To view the home, to greet the friends, For whom our hearts have yearned. — Cho. "We now renew our loving thoughts Of those in death who sleep ; We meet to welcome those who live, With kindness true and deep. — Cho. Thus ended the most enjoyable, interesting, and successful Commencement Exercises ever held at Muhlenberg College. The institution has been placed more prominently than ever before to the attention of its friends and supporters. It starts out on its second quarter centenary under very favorable auspices ; and it is not improper to express the hope that all future efforts at advancement may be crowned with success. INDEX TO SUBJECTS. Academic Department, instructors in, 131, 232-236. principals of, 130. Albright, Hon. Edwin, 237. Allentown Seminary, 42-45. Alumni Association, history of, 161-164. banquet, 561-558. biographical sketches of, 277-401. by classes, 402-410. reunion, 566-569. Apple, Rer. Benjamin P., 237. Baccalaureate sermon, 525-539. Baer, Keuben, 237. Bauer, Rev. Ernest A., 237. Bauman, Rev. John A., 207-209, 278. articles by, 144-150, 213, 225- 229, 231, 232. Baur, Robert, 236. Beates, Rev. James P., 232, 279. Beates, Rev. William A., 232, 279, 280. Belfour, Dr. Edmund, 238. Bernd, Francis G., 239. Bernheim, Dr. G. D., 239. Blumer, William H., 240. Board of Trustees, members of, 132-134. presidents of, 131. secretaries of, 131. treasurers of, 132. Bridges, Hon. S. A., 240. Brobst, Rev. Samuel K., 241. Carver, Prof. Henry, 233. College finances, 113-119, 549. Cooper, Rev. Charles J., 241. financial agency of, 109, 117, 118. Dieter, Prof. Ephraim S., 233. Doerr, Frederick, article by, 151-158. Early educational efibrts of the Penn- sylvania Ministerium, 27-38. Dickinson College, 31, Franklin College, 32, 33. Gettysburg Theological Seminary, 35, 36. Latin School in Philadelphia, 30. Muhlenberg's plans, 28. Pennsylvania College, 34, 35. University of Pennsylvania, 30, 31. Early, Rev. John W., 242, 243. Endlich, Hon. John, 243. Ends in view in securing an education, 640-648. English, instruction in, 125, 126. Erb, Rev. Isaac N. S., 244, 291, 292. Erdman, Constantine J., 244. Brdman, Snos, 244. Establishment of Muhlenberg College, 51-59. Ettinger, Dr. George T., 233, 293-295. articles by, 161-164, 181-184. Eyer, Rev. William J., 244. Fahs, Rev. Joseph F., 212. Pegley, Isaac, 244, 246. Fegley, Jacob, 246, 246. Fisher, H. H., 246. Flood, Prof. F. K., 234. Franklin Society, history of, 158, 159. Friok, Rev. Wm. K., article by, 207-209. Fry, Rev. Prank P., 246, 301. Fry, Dr. Jacob, 246, 247. Garber, Dr. Davis, 196-199. article by, 158, 159. Geissinger, Rev. David H., 247. German, instruction in, 125. Government, 128. Greek, instruction in, 124, 126. Greenwald, Dr. Emanuel, 248. Grim, Dr. Henry A., 248. Groh, Rev. Leonard, 249. Grubb, Jonathan W., 249. Hantz, Rev. J. M., 234. Hebrew, instruction in, 124. Henninger, Hon. Milton C, 234, 309. Herbst, Dr. William, 213. Herrmann, Prof. C. P., 234. Hill, Dr. Reuben, 213, 214, 249. Hilliard, Edward, 249. Hinterleitner, Dr. G. A., 250. History, instruction in, 126, 127. Hofford, Dr. William R., 216, 217. Honorary degrees conferred, 129, 550. Horine, Dr. Mahlon C, 250. Horn, M. H., 251. Home, Dr. Aaron R., 234. Home, M. Luther, 234, 313, 314. Jacobs, Dr. Henry E., article by, 171-180. 37 569 570 INDEX TO SUBJECTS. Junior oratorical contest, programme, 539, 540. Keck, Andrew S., 251. Kepner, Rev. Daniel K., 252. Klump, Lewis, 252. Kohler, Dr. John, 235, 252. Koons, Rev. E. J., 216, 217, 252. Krotel, Dr. G. P., 253. Kuendig, Rev. J. J., 253. Kunkleman, Dr. John A., 253, 254. Laird, Dr. Samuel, 264. Latin, instruction in, 125. Lehman, Henry, 255. Leisenring, Edward B., 255. Leopold, Rev. Owen, 255. Lowell Literary Society, history of, 161, Mann, Dr. William J., 266. Martin, Dr. E. G., 256, 267. Mathematics, instruction in, 126. Mayne, Rev. Joseph W., 235, 338. Medlar, Rev. "William H., 235, 339. Mental science, instruction in, 124. Miller, Rev. George F., 217, 235, 267. Missionary Society, history of, 169, 160. Moral science, instruction in, 123. Mosser, James K., 257, 258. Moyer, Tilghman H., 268. Muhlenberg College, history of, 37-142. Allentown Seminary and Collegiate Institute, 42-45. buildings, 69-61. causes leading to the establishment of, 40-42. changes and improvements, 108- 111. changes in the faculty of, 88-90, 97, 99, 100, 549. efforts of synod to secure a college, 46-50. establishment of, 51-59. financial history of, 114-119. gifts to the College, 97-99. government, discipline, etc., of, 122- 128. inauguration of the iirst faculty of, 63-74. opening of College and course of studies, 74-76. organization of the College, 61. outside recognition of, 112-114. present condition of, 119-122. presidency of Dr. Muhlenberg, 61- 90. presidency of Dr. Sadtler, 91-102. presidency of Dr. Seip, 102-119. quarter-centennial celebration of, 621-569. Muhlenberg College, results accom- plished, 111, 112. Synodical College, A, 95, 96. trials and difficulties of the College, 76-86. Muhlenberg, Ernest A., 235, 343. Muhlenberg, Dr. Frederick A., 171-180. address by, 560-565. inauguration of, 63-74. presidency of, 61-90. resignation of, 86-88, Muhlenberg, Dr. Henry E., 259. Muhlenberg, Dr. Hiester H., 259. Muhlenberg, The, history of, 165-167. Musser, William, 260. Myers, George H., 260. Natural sciences, instruction in, 127. Non-graduates, 411-454. Norton, Charles F., 260. Notz, Prof, F, W. A., 219. Oberly, Prof. Frank C, 246, 347, 348. Ochsenford, Rev. S. B., 261, 348-349. Ohl, Rev. Jeremiah F., 261, 349, 350. Philips, Prof. Samuel, 219, 220. Plitt, Rev. John K., 261. Potteiger, Amos W., 261. Preparatorians, 471-619. Presidency of Dr. Muhlenberg, 61-90. of Dr. Sadtler, 91-102. of Dr. Seip, 102-119. Presidents, list of, 129. Pretz, Christian, 262. Prizes, 138-142. Professors, list of, 129, 130. Quarter-centennial, introductory article, 9-1 9. celebration, 521-569. speakers, 665. Rath, Rev. Jacob B., 221, 222, 262, Rath, Rev. William, 262, 263. Reichard, Jonathan, 263. Religious instruction, 122, 123. Repass, Dr. Stephen A., 263, 264. Richards, Dr. Matthias H., 200-203. articles by, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 229-231. Biokert, Rev. William H., 235, 261. Riis, Prof. H. N., 223. Ritter, Rev. Jeremiah H., 235, 362. Sadtler, Dr. Benjamin, 181-184, address by, 540-648, article by, 20-26. inauguration of, 91. presidency of, 91-102, INDEX TO SUBJECTS. 571 Sadtler, Dr. Benjamin, resignation of, 101, 102. Sadtler, Benjamin, Jr., 245, 365. Saeger, Alfred G., 264. Saeger, Tliomas W., 264. Saeger, William, 265. Sohadt, Prof. Oliver G. J., 235, 368, 369. Schaeffer, Charles H., 265. Sohaeffer, Dr. Charles W., 265, 266. Sohaeffer, Rev. William Ashmead, 266. Schantz, Rev. F. J. E., 266, 267. Schindel, Rev. Jacob D., 267. Schmauk, Rev. B. W., 223-225, 267. Sohmuoker, Dr. Beale M., 263. Scholarships, 142, 143. Seip, Rev. Frank M., article by, 165- 167. Seip, Dr. Theodore L., 184-196. article by, 9-19. baccalaureate sermon of, 525- 539. financial agency of, 85, 86. presidency of, 102-119. inauguration of, 104. Seiss, Dr. Joseph A., 268, 269. Services of the College to the church, 20-26. Shanor, Rev. W. P., 236. Shimer, Hon. B. S., 269. Smith, Dr. Edgar F., 225, 228. Smith, Rev. Enoch, 270. Snyder, Rev. B. C, 236. Social science, instruction in, 124. Sophronian Literary Society, history of, 151-158. Spaeth, Dr. Adolph, 270, 271. Special lectures and lecturers, 136-138. Spieker, Dr. George F., 209-212, 271. Statistical table of students, 135, 136. Stine, Edwin H., 271, 383. Stine, Dr. Luther K., 271. Strassburger, Dr. N. S., 228. Struntz, Rev. G. A., 271. Students, record of, 276-519. Swope, Prof. Lather A., 236, 385. The Muhlenberg, history of, 165-167. Thomas, Dr. N. Wiley, 229-231, 385. Trexler, Benjamin F., 271. Trexler, Horatio, 271. Ueberroth, Jacob J., 272. Ulrioh, A. Stanley, 272. Undergraduates, 454-470. Vogelbaoh, Rev. Jacob T., 272, 273. Waokernagel, Dr. William, 203-207. articles by, 159, 160, 223. Weidner, Dr. Revere F., 229-231, 236, 273, 393, 394. Weiler, James, 273. Weinsheimer, Henry, 273. Wright, Hon. Robert E., 273. Wright, Robert E., 274. Yeager, Rev. Joshua, 274. Yeager, Dr. T. C, 231, 232. Ziegenfuss, Rev. Samuel A., 274, 399. article by, 184-196. Zimmele, John B., 274, 275. INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. Abbot, Henry C, 471. Ackerman, 0. F., 471. Adams, John Q., 471. Albreoht, John W., 277. Albright, George C, 471. Israel, 471. Israel E., 471. Roderick E., 458. Andres, Eli A. A., 471. William F., 471. Andrew, Peter A., 471. Anewalt, Samuel B., 458. Angstadt, Thomas M., 277, 278. Anspurg, H., 471. Anstett, Cassius M., 411. Arkell, George H., 471. James W., 471. Arner, Granville, 471. Asohbaoh, Gerhard C, 471. Austin, Henry A., 471. Bachman, Frank W., 471. Irving A., 411, 412. Marcus, 471. Beuben H., 278. William E.,412. Backenstoe, Martin J., 471, 472. Baer, Charles H., 412. Bahl, John J., 472. Bahr, Jacob S., 472. Baldwin, Henry M., 472. Balliet, Franklin A., 472. Barber, Edward A., 472. Harvey S., 472. Barner, Harvey, 472. Howard S. F., 412, 413. Barnes, Jacob S., 413. Barr, William P., 472. Barrett, William V., 472. Bartholomew, Harry B., 472. Henry J. G., 413. Nathan A., 472. Oscar D., 472, 473. Barto, Charles, 473. Bastian, Clinton B., 413. Bauer, Victor J., 466. Bauman, John A., 278. Baumer, James, 473. Bean, William W. H., 473. Bear, John N., 473. Beates, James F., 279. 572 Beates, William A., 279, 280. Beck, Clarence, 454. David J., 473. George F., 473. Richard H., 280. Becker, Jacob, 413. James L., 280. Vitalis J., 466. Beidler, James, 473. John, 473. Lewis M., 473. Beisel, Andrew W., 473. H. H. D., 473. Belford, George, 473. Bell, Harry J., 473. Benedict, D. W., 473. Benner, Henry A. J., 473. Irwin L., 473, 474. Benuers, Henry H., 474. Benninger, James D., 474. Berger, John, 474. Robert J., 474. Bergey, Joseph K., 474. Bergstrom, Philip, 474. Berlin, Wilson S., 281. Bernd, George W., 474. Bernhard, Eugene C, 474. Bernheim, Oscar F., 454, 455. Bertolet, Grant B., 474. Ulysses G., 455. Betchke, Paul H., 474. Betzinger, John J., 474. Beyerl, George W,, 474. Beysher, Edwin M., 455. Biokel, Lewis J., 281. Bieber, Milton J., 282. William J., 282. Biohler, Oscar, 474. Biery, Arthur L., 474. Binder, Frank G., 474. Bitting, Charies W., 413. W. F., 474. Bittner, Alfred J., 282. Frank D., 474. George B., 474. Blaokman, William M., 413, 414. Blackmore, Frank, 474. Blakslee, Derwin E., 475. Blank, Abraham, 475. John C, 475. Joseph B., 475. INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. 573 Bobb, William G., 475. Bohn, Milton W., 2S2, 283. Bond, William F., 283. Borger, W. J., 475. Borneman, John S., 414. Bortz, Harrison, 414. Boush, Elmer J., 475. Bowen, James K., 414. Bower, George W., 475. Boyer, Austin, 475. Charles C, 283, 284. Edward D., 414. George A., 475. John, 475. Jonah W., 475. William H., 475. Breinig, Albert T., 414, 415. Alfred J. L., 284. Paul E., 476. Breish, Theodore, 476. Brenner, James L., 476. Brobst, Harry A., 476. Lloyd, 476. Samuel L., 476. William B., 458. Erode, George S., 476. John G., 476. Brown, Augustus M., 415. Howard B., 476. James R., 284. William H., 476. Brunner, Charles E., 415. Daniel E., 284, 285. Edgar A., 415. Joseph A., 476. Bryan, George, 476. Luke, 476. Budd, Charles S., 476. Fletcher M., 476. Bush, Frank C, 476. Bushong, Herbert, 476. Philip A., 476. Buss, William S., 476. Butler, Frederick W., 285. Butz, Allen P., 476. George S., 285. Harvey P., 455, 456. Henry, 476. Jacob T., 476. Newton, 476. Raymond B., 285, 286. Reuben A., 477. Reuben J., 286. U. S. Grant, 477. Walter 0., 415. Winfield F., 477. Camp, Charles P., 286, 287. Cassaday, Ernest R., 415, 416. Cawley, Harry P., 477. Cawley, .Tames I., 477. M. F., 477. Childs, Archie P., 416. Christ, George L., 477. William H., 477. Christeson, Charles, 477. Clauss, Charles D., 287. Oscar A., 477. Clymer, Henry T., 287, 288. Coble, George F., 477. Coleman, D. Levin, 288. Gurney F., 416, 417. Colver, Frank A., 477. Conrad, Charles N., 288, 289. Isaiah A., 477. Coombs, Charles L., 477. William T., 477. Cooper, Franklin E., 417. Henry P., 289. Llewellyn H., 417. William H., 289, 290. Copper, Francis H., 417. Crellin, Lucius B., 477, 478. Cressman, Krauth H., 417. W. J., 478. Cunningham, Harry L., 478. Davidheiser, Henry L R., 417. Davidson, Calvin E. H., 478. Dech, Charles, 478. C. Wilson, 417. Reuben H., 478. Victor J. C, 478. Deily, Wilson A., 417, 418. Deisher, Reuben F., 478. DeLong, Joseph, 478. Preston A., 462, 463. Richard J., 478. Dettra, John M., 290. Dickenshied, Eugene H., 418. Dickey, Charles H., 478. Diefenderfer, F. F., 478. John M., 418. Moses H., 478, 479. Thotuas F., 479. Diehl, Menno B., 418. Dieter, Jacob F., 419. Dobler, John W. D., 419. Doerr, Frederick, 466. Donop, Henry, 479. Dornsife, Henry A., 479. Downing, Augustus S., 419. Dreher, C. D., 479. Dresher, Alfred, 479. James F., 479. Dressier, W. George, 479. Druckonmiller, George D., 463. Dry, Preston R., 290. Dubbs, Jacob J. G., 290, 291. John J. H., 419, 420. 574 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. Dubbs, Oliver F., 479. Robert L., 479. Duhme, John S., 479. Duncan, John S., 420. Dundor, Darius W., 420. Bbert, Alfred 0., 459. Porley A., 467. Eberts, Edwin H., 420. Bberwine, Charles W., 467. Bokert, Charles T., 479. George W., 479. Bokhardt, Edwin W.. 479. William B., 479. Bggert, Albert, 479. Bhinger, Frederick H., 421. Eichelberger, Grant U., 479. Bicher, Adam, 421. Bllenbogen, Lewis N., 479. Bllis, Warren J., 467. BUsworth, Alexander, 479. Bppler, John, 421. Brb, Alfred B., 291. Isaac N. S., 291, 292. Jesse S., 292. Erdman, Albert J., 292, 293. Asa E., 293. Frank C, 293. Harvey B., 480. Ira T., 463. J. Dallas, 421. Max S., 463. W. D., 480. Brney, Harvey, 480. Lewis A., 480. Oliver A., 480. Bshelman, Charles E., 422. Ettinger, George T., 293-295. Everett, Alexander D., 480. Clinton J., 480. Eyer, Warren H., 480. Byster, David F., 295. Eahs, Henry M., 480. Fatzinger, Elmer H., 480. Frank J. A., 480. Faust, Edwin H., 480. Fegley, Frederick W., 467. John S., 480. William 0., 295, 296. Fehr, Charles D., 422. William H., 480. Fenstermacher, Elias W., 480. Peter A., 422. William F., 480. Fetter, Clinton E., 296. Fetzer, G. M., 480. Field, Frank G., 481. Finck, William J., 296, 297. Fink, Allen J., 422. Fisher, John J., 422. Flaherty, James J., 481. Flexer, Anson W., 481. George A., 481. Richard J., 481. Flowers, William L., 481. Foobt, Allen, 481. Jeremiah, 481. Pogel, Solon C. B., 422, 423. Fogelman, Jacob H., 481. Folmer, Frank F., 481. George T., 481. Forrest, Willis J., 423. Foust, George D., 297. Horace B., 481. John J., 297, 298. Fox, Forrest M., 298. Herman C, 298. Jacob C. A., 481. Frantz, Hiram A., 481, Frederick, Jonathan B., 481. Freed, Harvey M., 423. Freeman, John J., 481. Fretz, Aaron B., 481. Oliver H., 481, 482. Frey, Albert A., 482. Robert D., 482. Friok, William K., 299. Fritch, M. Luther, 300. Fry, Charles L., 300. Frank F., 301. James F., 423. Fryman, Percival M., 482, 483. Fuerst, R. C, 423. Fuller, Abbot F., 483. Clinton H., 483. Fulton, Alexander, 423, 424. T. Chalmers, 424, Furman, W. M., 483. Gable, B. S., 483. Charles J., 459. Gallasohuok, Paul H., 424. Ganger, John B., 424. Gangewere, A. J., 483. B. J., 483. Jacob J., 483. Garber, John H., 301. Gardner, John S., 483. William P., 483. Gass, Giles, 483. Gaul, C. Reese, 424. Gebert, George, 302. Geer, Frank C, 424. Gehringer, S. F., 483. Geiger, Benjamin J., 424. Geiser, George W., 424, 425. Geissinger, Jacob, 483. George, Alfred J., 483. Ed. W., 483. INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. 575 George, J. 0., 483. Gerberding, George H., 302, 803. Gerberioh, David G., 303. Gerhab, B. B., 483. Gerhart, Elias H., 483. German, Edward W., 483. Jonas P., 303. L., 483. Lewis P., 483. Tilghman F., 304. Gernerd, Elmer E., 483. James W., 484. Gernet, Preston M., 304. Gery, A. M., 484. Geschwind, J. P., 425. Getz, George H., 484. Gibson, George, 484. Gilbert, Irwin B., 484. Gimlioh, David J., 304. Gittinger, Joseph, 484. Gliok, Austin A., 304. Ezra J., 484. Henry J., 484. Goade, Richard J., 484. Gookley, Edwin, 484. Gold, William J., 484. Goodman, George, 484. Goundie, James B., 484. ' Graepp, John C, 305. Grahn, Ernest M., 305. Graul, Philip M., 425. Griesemer, David, 425. Edward K., 484. Grim, Albert P., 484. David K., 484. George M., 484, 485. Oscar S., 305. William R., 305, 306. Groman, C. Albert, 485. Gross, Malcolm W., 463. GrosBoup, Joseph, 425. Grove, Alvin J., 485. Grubb, H. Max, 425. Gruber, Eugene H., 485. Michael A., 306. Gruver, Peter W., 485. Guldin, John C, 485. Guth, Erank A., 425. Granville F. H., 485. Henry T., 485. John M., 485. Llewellyn H., 425, 426. Haak, John H., 426. Haas, Astor J., 426. Charles C, 485. George H., 485. George K. R., 485. Hacker, Oswald W., 485. Hagenbuoh, John C., 485. Hager, George, 485. Hain, William M., 485. Hamman, Paul, 485. Hammersley, Erank H., 485. W., 485. Hannum, William H., 426. Harlacher, Harvey G., 485. Harpel, Harry, 486. Hart, A. C, 486. Harting, Martin S., 306. Hartline, D. S., 486. Hartzell, Alfred S., 486. Elmer D., 486. Jacob S., 486. Oliver M., 486. Hassler, Aaron B., 307. J. Wyllis, 307. Hausman, L. J., 486. William A., 426. Hawk, E. F. R., 486. Lafayette, 486. U. F., 486. Hayden, Samuel, 486. Heberling, William, 486. Heft, Harry A., 486. Heiberger, Eugene S., 486, Heil, John B., 307, 308. Heilman, Henry P., 486. Henry F. A., 486. Joseph H., 486. Oliver P., 487. Oscar G., 487. Heim, C. William, 487. Van M., 487. Heimbach, Adam, 487. George W., 426. Heindel, Daniel, 426. Heintz, Jacob W. H., 463. Heissler, Andrew J., 308. John, 308. Heist, William, 487. Heller, Charles P., 487. Helman, Frank J., 487. Henry, 487. Hemsath, Charles H., 309. John, 487. Henkel, Charles L., 487. Henninger, Alexander, 487. Daniel, 487. F. P., 488. Milton C, 309, 310. Oscar L., 488. Robert M., 488. Henry, George F., 488. Hensinger, Osville B., 426. Herbst, Henry H., 310. Herbster, Samuel K., 488. Herrmann, Armin F., 427. Hersh, George T., 488. Harvey E., 488. 576 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. Hertzog, George N., 427. Heyl, Allen V., 463, 484. Erwin, 427. Herbert L., 427. Eillegas, Hiram J., 488. Hiltebrandt, Louis H., 488. Himmelwright, Howard, 310. John K., 488. Hinkleman, George, 488. Hinterleitner, William F., 488. Hirner, George, 488. Hirzel, Charles J., 311. Kittle, Rudolph, 488. Hixan, James E., 488. Hoats, Morris J., 427, 428. Hoffman, Charles I., 488, 489. Claude, 489. David S., 311. James A., 489. James L., 489. J. Mosheim, 489. Oscar C, 428. William H., 489. Hofford, John F., 489. William 0., 489. Holoomb, John P., 489. Hollenbaoh, Scott F., 489. Holloway, Clayton L., 311. Holman, Oscar B., 312. Holstein, Richard A., 489. Hoppe, C. F. William, 312. Horine, John W., 313. Horn, E. D., 489. Home, Augustus F., 489. David R., 313. Frank, 489. M. Luther, 313, 314. Thomas K. B., 489. Hornnng, Erastus L., 428. Hottel, E. R., 489. Harry, 428. Hottenstein, Jacob, 428. Houskeeper, Harvey S., 490. Howell, Joseph, 491. Hower, Allen W., 491. Henry H., 314. Jeremiah K., 428. Huek, Henry J., 491. Hudders, John A., 491. Hudson, Samuel B., 491. Huff, Irwin F., 491. Humphrey, Robert H., 491. William J., 428, 429. Hunsberger, William H., 491. Huntzinger, Adam, 491. Inbusch, Harry, 491. Isett, Sidney, 491. Jackson, Calvin, 491. Jarrett, James M., 491. Morris G., 491. Jefferis, Charles W., 314. Johnson, Elmer E., 314, 315. Frederick, 491. John H., 429. Jordan, Charles H., 491. Kachline, Alfred D., 491. Kaeufer, George, 491. Kaiser, J. H., 491. Kalb, Charles I., 491. Kase, James M., 491. Eauffman, Davis L., 491. Henry A., 491. Kayser, Francis, 315, Keek, Adam, 492. Alfred K., 315. Charles B., 315, 316. George, 429. Jesse, 492. Newton, 492. S. Henry, 429. William, 429. William H., 492. Keedy, Wyatt M., 429. Keefer, George W., 492. Keever, Edwin F., 316. Keim, Harry J., 492. Keiser, P. Simon, 429, 430. Keiter, Frank T. L., 430. William D. C, 317. Keller, Charles B., 317. Charles H., 317. Gilbert S., 492. Kemmerer, Erwin F., 492. B. 0., 492. Frank C, 492. Hower, 492. Marcus H., 492. Marcus J., 492. Milton R., 492. Oliver M., 492. 0. M., 492. V. H., 492. Victor S., 492. Wilson H., 492. Kercher, George A., 459. Kern, Frank K., 430. Milton, 430. Palmer M., 492. Stephen 0., 492. William F., 492. Kerner, George, 492. Kerschner, Charles A., 464. Kichline, Oscar J., 492. Kiehel, Chester F., 317. Constantine D., 318. Kiesling, James W., 430. Kile, Lambert B., 492. INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. 577 Killian, Ammon A., 467. Kistler, Alfred W., 318. Amandus H., 492. Abraham P., 492. Charles E., 467, 468. Edward H., 430, 431. H. A., 492. James A., 492. J. D., 493. Milo, 493. Monroe P., 493. Samuel J., 318. WilUam E., 318, 319. William U., 464. William W., 319. Eleckner, Francis, 493. George S., 319. John H., 493. William H., 493. Klein, Eli D. G., 493. Harry M., 431. William Prank, 493. Kleppinger, Marvin L., 493. Kline, Charles W., 493. Edgar L., 493. George R., 493. ' Harry C, 464. Jeremiah H., 319, 320. John J., 320. Jonas P., 321. Marcus 0. L., 321. Molton J., 431. Myron C, 493. Victor H., 493. William A., 493. Klingler, J. Walker, 322. Klotz, Howard M., 493. Robert B., 493. Klump, George L., 493. Enapp, Julius W., 322. William A., 493. Knauss, Frank P., 493. Joseph S., 493. Knechel, L. D., 493. Knecht, C. T., 493. Knerr, Benjamin F., 322, 323. Lewis P., 494. Levi J., 494. William J., 494. Knorr, D. E., 494. Koch, C. E. Prank, 494. Kooher, Edgar B., 494. Harvey L., 494. Thomas T., 494. Koehler, J., 494. William F., 494. Kohler, Charles S., 323. Elmer P., 323. Frederick W., 323, 324. J. Herbert, 431. Kohler, M. Luther, 432. Koiner, Junius B., 432. Koons, Alfred M., 324. Clement N., 494. Marvin 0., 324. William H., 432. Kramer, Alexander S., 432, Harry P., 432. M. H., 494. Robert, 494. William V. H. T., 433. Kramlioh, Prank H., 494. Milton J., 324, 325. William W., 326. Krammes, Harvey M., 494. Krapf, Frederick C, 468. Krause, George D., 325. Krauss, Elmer P., 326. George, 433. Kretschmann, Ernest T., 326. Kribbs, George P., 326, 327. Krock, Herbert J., 494. Krug, Theophilus M., 433. Kuder, Hiram J., 327. John H., 433. Kuehner, Eugene V., 494. Milton J., 327, 328. Kuhl, G. Fred, 494. Kuhnle, Charles, 494. Kuhns, James A., 495. Samuel W., 328. Kunkle, A. T., 495. Charles S., 495. Edwin T., 459. George G., 328, 329. Kuntz, Ellsworth P., 495. Elwood M., 495. Prank S., 495. Frederick W., 433, 434. Hiram P., 329. J. David M., 330. John J., 330. Monroe T., 330, 331. Tilghman D., 434. Oscar W., 495. William H., 331. Kurtz, Harry, 434. Irwin B., 331. W. W., 495. Kuss, Otto, 434. LaBarre, C. B., 495. Lake, Charles D., 434. Lambert, James P., 332. Landis, Tobias E., 495. W. R., 495. Langabaugh, William W., 495. Lantz, Harry K., 495. Laros, M. H. IC, 495. Richard L., 496. 578 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. LaRoss, William A., 496. Laub, William 0., 459, 460. Laubach, Amandus F., 496. George F., 496. James, 496. Milton, 496. Samuel J., 496. Laubenstein, Albert L., 496. William H., 332. Landenslager, Daniel K., 496. Peter J., 496. Laury, Preston, 332, 333. Lawfer, John, 496. Layton, Clemens M., '496. Lazarus, Calvin H., 496. George F., 496. Jacob W., 333. Luther D., 464. Leh, Edward H., 497. Lehman, F. W., 497. Leibensperger, Ambrose W., 460. James 0., 333, 334. Leiby, E. P., 497. Edwin N., 497. Leisenring, Martin, 497. Richard, 497. Leister, Edwin F., 497. Lentz, Alfred, 497. Andrew P., 468. Silas, 497. William S., 497. Leopold, Elmer 0., 334. Herbert P., 468. Levan, Henry E., 497. Lewis, Evan B., 334. Francis G., 334, 335. Frederick B., 434. Liohtenwalner, Allen W., 497. Charles, Jr., 497. Charles L., 460. Clement J., 497. Edward J., 335. Ellis R., 497. Elmer, 497. Frank R., 497. Harvey F., 464. James, 497. John B., 435. William A., 335. Liebold, Amandus A., 435. Lindaman, J. 0., 497. Lindeman, William H., 497. Litzenberger, Henry A., 497. Lobach, Albert, 497. J., 497. Martin, 497. Lochman, Charles N., 497. Eugene C, 335. Loder, A. Grant, 335, 336. Long, Achilles J., 336. Longaore, Edwin D., 497, 498. Jacob H., 336. Longaker, Frank, 464, 465. Longnecker, Reginald H., 498. Loos, George C, 465. Losch, Jacob P., 337. Lott, Edwin P., 498. Louser, Edward T., 468. John H., 468, 469. Ludwig, Alvin T., 435. ' Henry W., 498. Luke, A. C, 498. Lutz, Harvey B., 460. Lynch, Robert B., 337. MoOreery, Luther M., 337, 338. MoFetridge, Daniel W., 498. Mollvain, Spencer L., 435. McRae, Wilmer R., 498. Maisoh, John M., 498. Malcolm, George H., 498i James F., 498. Marks, Clement A., 498. Marsh, William H., 498. Marsteller, Ira, 498. Oliver, 498. Robert J., 435, 436. Martin, Charles S., 498. Nathan D., 338. Martz, Robert, 498. Marx, Harry P., 498, 499. Mattern, John W., 436. Matthews, Gomer B., 499. Mayne, Joseph W., 338. Medlar, William H., 339. Mehrkam, A. Miles, 339. Meily, Frank B., 339. Meinhoefer, P. S., 499. Meixell, Edwin D., 340. Merkel, John R., 456. Messinger, John C, 499. Metzger, Albert, 499. Clinton W., 499. George P., 436. J. P., 499. J. L., 499. Malcolm, 469. Ralph, 340. Thomas B., 499. Meyer, Oscar, 340. Meyers, Jacob S., 499. Leopold 0., 499. Percival C, 499. Miokley, 0. H., 499. Miller, Achilles H., 499. Albert L., 499. C. A., 499. David A., 465. Davilla S., 499. B. E., 499. INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. 579 Miller, Edwin L., 340. George A., 341. George M., 499. Henry M., 499. Howard L., 499. John H., 499. Joshua, 460. Nevin E., 341. Newton J., 341, 342. Newton T., 469. 0. H., 500. Oscar D., 342. Otto N., 436. Samuel P., 465. William H. S., 465. William J., 342. Mink, Allen H., 500. Minnioh, J. A. Frank, 500. Mohr, Wilson K., 343. Moll, Horace S., 500. Victor F., 500. Moody, Alfred H., 500. George C, 500. Mooney, E. H., 500. Moore, Phares S., 500. R. D., 500. Morey, John T. M., 500. Morgan, James, 437. Moritz, Birdis, 500. Moss, Alfred C, 600. Harry E., 500. Mosser, Edwin J., 460, 461. George K., 437. Henry S., 437. John, 500. John B., 500. William F., 461. William F., 500. Moyer, Albert, 500. Alfred C, 437. Frank H., 500. Harrison B., 343. Henry S., 500. Jacob T., 500. Joseph W., 500. Levi, 600. Samuel S., 437. W. Erwin, 500. Muer, W. J., 600. Muhlenberg, Ernest A., 343. Frank, 500. Henry M., 344. William F., 344, Mummau, Frank, 500. Muse, Herbert P. W., 437. Musselman, Wayne K., 500. Myers, William H., 345. Nagle, Alfred, 438. Nannamaoher, W. H. H., 500. Nase, Ulysses, 500. Neff, Henry S., 438. Neiffer, Milton K., 438. Neiman, Jacob H., 345, 346. Newhard, HarToy L., 438. Howard W., 600. Irwin C, 600. Oscar, 600. Nicholas, John F., 346. L. E., 438, 439. Nicum, John, 346, 347. Nimson, Alger, 600. Noacker, S. C, 439. Nordhoff, Henry F., 501. Nyoe, A. H:, 601. Oberly, Frank C, 347, 348. Ochs, Charles E., 601. Oohsenford, Solomon B., 348, 349. Odenwelder, Parmer D., 601. Ohl, Jeremiah F., 349, 350. Olewine, Daniel J., 601. Olhausen, Robert W., 501. Opp, George S., 465. Ormo, F. H., 501. Ormrod, John D., 501. Orr, Sylvester, 501. Otto, Calvin J., 501. Charles D., 601. Oliver G., 601. Overholser, J. S., 601. Owen, James J., 501. Paff, Edwin, 439. Pasooe, William H., 501. Passavant, William A., Jr., 361. Person, Miles K., 501. Peter, Charles B., 469. Josiah, 501. Peters, Henry E., 501. Hiram, 361. Jonathan, 601, Lewis K., 501. Madison C, 501, 602. Moses, 439. Nathaniel C, 502. Oliver G., 502. Sylvanus, 502. William J., 602. Pflueger, Asher P., 352. Henry F., 362. Oscar E., 363. Philips, Pierre G., 502. Samuel V. C, 503. Piatt, William E., 503. Plitt, George L., 439, 440. Potteiger, Abraham L., 503. Alvin B., 503. Charles W., 503. Samuel N., 353. 580 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. Potts, Alpheus D., 35f. Powell, Welcome N., 503. Prediger, George A., 354. Pretz, Frank S., 603. Godfrey J., 503. John C, 503. William N., 440. Price, Daniel D., 503. Purdy, George A., 503. Eabenwold, Edwin S., 603. Oliver S., 503. Eabert, Frank P., 503. Eahm, Allen K., 503. Eaker, Edward, 503. John H., 355. Rambo, Dexter L., 355. Ramer, Adam L., 456. Ranck, Ivan L., 503. Rath, Ezra C, 440. Myron 0., 356. Ran, Henry P., 504. Raub, Benjamin P., 504. Francis D., 356. Ranch, William S., 504. Bausch, J. Charles, 366. Keber, Frank L., 440. J. Howard, 604. Owen, 604. Reddig, P. L., 504. Reed, C. M., 504. Elmer, 604. R. Frank, 504. Reeder, James M., 604. Rehberger, John, 604. Rehrig, Wilson M., Sot. Reichard, Calvin S., 604. Noah W., 357. William L., 504. Reinhard, Milton V., 440. 0. H., 504. W. J., 504. Beinke, Samuel F., 504. Reinoehl, Frank H., 358. John K., 358. Reiter, Daniel H., 358. Frank M., 504. Horace, 359. Reitz, Alvin P., 504. James J., 359. Renninger, Edward H., 604. Rentzheimer, William H., 440, 441. Repass, Lewis H., 441. Reph, Samuel M., 604. Rex, Aaron M., 504. Reyer, Elmer 0., 359. Bhoads, Thomas L., 441. Rhoda, James N., 504. Rhodes, George H., 360. Johnson G., 441. Rhodes, Joseph, 504. Rice, Dewey S., 504. Richards, George W., 441, 442. Henry B., 456, 467. John W., 360, 361. Rick, William, 461. Bickert, William H., 361. Einger, F. J., 504. Bitter, Amandus, 504. Edward F., 361, 362. Henry S., 504. Irwin B., 362. Jeremiah H., 362. John, 505. J. B,, 505. Newton H., 505. Orville J., 505. Robert H., 505. Robbins, William H., 505. Rodenberger, Preston P., 362, 363. Roeder, Robert D., 363. Bogers, John, 605. Eohrback, A. P., 505. Eomich, 0. P. J., 505. Eomig, Albert J., 605. Eoney, Lewis L., 505. Boos, Charles E., 461. Bosenberger, H. F., 505. Bosenberry, Frank S., 605. Boss, Henry W., 505. Both, Alfred J. P., 363. Benjamin F., 505. D. Luther, 363. E. D., 606. Oliver C, 605. Euhe, Holmes, 506. Mark F., 505. Samuel J., 442. Wallace E., 505. William F., 505. Bumple, John W., 364. Bupley, Daniel E., 442. Eupp, Henry B., 442. Jacob G., 505. Thomas J., 442. Euth, Alfred J., 505. Butherford, James M., 505. Sachs, William P., 364. Sadtler, Albert, 442. Benjamin, Jr., 365. Edwin B., 442, 443. John G., 443. William A., 365. Saeger, George A., 366. John F., 505. Sander, Charles F., 605. John, 366. Sands, Morris F., 443. Sandt, Charles E., 366, 367 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. 581 Sandway, William F., 443. Battler, John P., 505. Sayler, A. R., 443. Saylor, B. Franklin, 443. Bilus 0., 469. Schaadt, J. Allen, 367. James L., 367, 368. Sohade, Lewis H., 505. Sohaden, George H., 505. Sohadt, Clinton J., 368. Martin S., 606. Morris E., 469. Oliver S. J., 368, 369. Schaeffer, A. C, 506. George J., 369. Martin G., 369, 370. William F., 506. Sohaffer, Morris A., 506. Oscar H., 506. Schaid, J. George, 370. Sohall, Charles D., 506. Henry B., 506. Schantz, Elmer B. H., 443, 444. Henry F., 370, 371. William S., 506. Sohatz, L. C, 506. Soheffer, John A., 371. Scheffler, Jacob J., 444. Scheible, Matthias, 506. Scheidy, George M., 371, 372. ScTieifley, Reuben K., 606. Scheirer, David, 506. Lorence J., 506. Oliver W., 506. Oscar S., 372. Schelden, Charles E., 506. Sohell, Henry M., 606. Schelly, C. Y., 606, 507. James Y., 607. Schettler, George E., 372. Sohindel, Jeremiah J., 469. Schlauoh, Frank W., 507. Schlenker, Carl, 507. James 0., 372, 373. Sehlouoh, Howard, 507. Sohmehl, Adam H., 373. Schmidt, Edwin L., 607. Evan W., 444. Nelson F., 373. William J., 470. Schmoyer, Melville B. C, 461. Schmuoker, Samuel C, 373, 374. Schneck, George A., 607. Schnurman, Henry T., 507. Llewellyn, 507. Robert A., 507. Schoek, Emerson F., 374. George B., 374, 375. Sohoener, William F., 375. Schofer, Henry M., 607. Sohol), John H. F., 507. Sohrader, James W., 444. Sohreiber, Joseph D., 507, 508. Martin H., 508. Sohultz, Jonas K., 508. Schwartz, George W., 508. John L., 444. Wilson, 508. Schwenzer, Henry, 508. Scott, Alvin A., 608. Seagreaves, George W., 508. James M., 508. Seaman, Charles S., 375. George S., 376. John S., 444. Seebach, Julius F., 508. Seel, Christian, 444, 445. Seidle, Ira E., 376. Seip, Frank M., 376, 377. George B., 608. Howard S., 377. Seiple, E. Preston, 508. Eugene W., 508. Jeremiah A., 608. Seitzinger, Henry R., 508. Seldonridge, Jacob F., 608. Rufus M., 508. Seneker, Hiram F. J., 377, 378. Senn, Emanuel J., 445. Serfass, T. H., 608. Seyfert, William, 508. Shaner, George 0. P., 445. Shanor, Wilbert P., 378. Sharp, Charles S., 608. Samuel L., 508. Sheatz, Oscar, 509. Shetler, Daniel A., 378. Shimer, Alexander H., 509. Boyer Luther, 609. Edgar C, 509. Edgar D., 379. Floyd B., 609. George R., 446. John, 609. Joseph P., 379. Llewellyn, 609. William H., 445. Shissler, Walter T., 445, 446. Shoemaker, Frank J., 509. Shuman, Edward P., 470. Sieger, Clinton W., 446. P. George, 461, 462. Siegfried, Dallas D., 509. Sigafoos, Lewis, 509. Slough, Joseph C, 509. Smeltzer, John M., 379, 380. Smith, George S., 509. Harvey P., 509. James J., 509. Jerome H., 509. 582 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. Smith, John E., 445. Lewis J., 446. Oliver P., 380. R. Morris, 380, 381. Rudolph, 509. W. B. D., 610. Smell, Edwin H., 381. Smoyer, Joseph L., 510. Wilson G., 463. Snyder, Charles C, 381. Charles W., 446. Elmer B., 470. Harry S., 381, 382. Harvey L., 510. Henry, 510. John F., 510. J. Jeremiah, 382. Leon A., 446. Quintus, 510. William P., 382. Soleliao, Edward A., 446, 447. Louis v., 510. Sowden, Tiney, 510. Spaeth, H. Douglas, 447. Spang, George T., 510. Spangenberg, Bruno H., 510. Spieker, Charles G., 457. Frederick W., 457. George H., 470. Stabler, Franklin J., 510. Stahlneoker, Edwin, 510. Statler, Eugene H., 510. Stauffer, Franklin D., 510. John J., 510, 511. Samuel P., 511. Steokel, Albert, 511. Herman, 511. Robert W., 382, 383. Steigerwalt, Ambrose S., 511. Steinbioker, William H., 511. Steinmetz, Henry C, 447. Steltz, Edwin J., 511. Stem, George P., 447. Harvey N., 448. Preston E., 448. Stephan, George L., 512. Sterner, Asher S., 512. Harry W., 512. Orville, 512. Stetler, Eugene, 462. Isaac H., 457. Stettler, Jacob, 512. Marvin H., 512. Osman, 512. William H., 448. Stiles, C. Frederick, 512. Harry G., 448. John L., 512. Stine, Edwin H., 383. Oscar J., 383. Stine, William, 448. Stock, Lewis, 512. Stockhouse, J., 512. Stofflet, Joseph H., 512. Levi J., 512. Reuben, 512. Sefellen E., 512. Stoll, Lewis, 512. Stopp, Joseph H., 470. Samuel A. B., 448. Storch, Nicholas, 612. Stover, Asher T., 448. Stoy, Joseph A., 612. Straaser, C. William T., 383. Straub, Clinton L., 512. Granville A., 448. Streeper, Robert B., 512. Strodach, Henry B., 384. Strunk, J. A., 512. Stuber, Charles L., 512. Henry J., 513. Stuckert, Frank H., 513. Stupp, Solomon B., 384. Styer, George W., 448, 449. Sullivan, Eugene, 513. Henry F., 513. John, 513. Swartz, Ambrose, 513. Walter C, 449. Swift, Harvey, 513. William, 513. Swope, Clayton, 513, Luther A., 3S5. Taggart, Stephen, 449. Talley, James F., 513. Thomas, John D., 449. N. Wiley, 385. Thompson, Thomas D., 613. Tratford, Edward H., 467. Treichler, Samuel G., 513. Tretter, Charles, 513. Trexler, Frank M., 385. Harry C, 513. Horatio R., 385, 386. Jacob A., 513. Jacob F., 513. J. H., 513. Martin L., 465, 466. Troxell, Arthur, 513. Charles 0., 513. George F., 513. Titus S., 449. Trumbauer, A. H., 513. A. R., 513. Dalton, 513. Jacob S., 514. Thomas J., 514. Trump, Allen J., 614. INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. 583 Ueberroth, George, 614. Walter F., 514. Uhler, Irwin S., 386. Uhrioh, Frank H., 386. Jacob W., 386. John D., 386, 387. John M., 387. Valentine J., 387. Ulrioh, Charles P., 449. George R., 388. Paul S., 468. Samuel J., 388. Umbenhen, John H., 388. Unger, Richard A., 814. Upp, Jacob Q., 389. TJrffer, Oliver H., 614. Van Buskirk, George M., 389. Van Horn, Aaron J., 614. Vogt, Aaron M., 514. Robert TJ., 614. Wackernagel, Carl H., 460, Frederick W., 466. Wagner, C. Ernest, 389, 390. Frederick S., 514. Joseph D., 614. Quintus, 614. W. D., 514. Waidelich, John H., 390. Walborn, Franklin P., 460. Walburn, James W., 614. Walker, George D., 514. Walter, Jacob T., 614. John P., 615. Thomas J., 615. Wannemacher, L. H., 616. Warmkessel, Alfred H., 616. Francis N., 616. Henry W., 390, 391. Wartman, George A., 460. Weaber, Harvey, 515. Weaver, Harry K., 391. Jacob D., 516. Samuel R., 391. William Marion, 515. Wilson H., 515. Webb, James, 515. Weber, Adam M., 391, 392. Howard P., 616. Weddigen, Leopold, 515. Weibel, George T., 392. Weicksel, Frederick A., 515, Luther M. C, 393. William, 393. Weidner, Brwin, 616. Revere Franklin, 393, 394. Weinsheimer, Oscar B., 516. Weiser, Charles W., 516. Weiflkotten, Samuel G., 394. Weiss, Aaron W., 516. Welck, Victor S., 616. Weller, Harvey A., 460. Welty, Henry S. C, 460. Wenner, Harry C, 451. John F., 516. Park B., 516. Peter J. F., 516. William, 516. Wilson C, 451. Wenrich, John M., 395. Samuel, 616. Simon, 451, Wentz, T. L., 617. Wentzel, Preston M., 517. Werley, Oscar, 517. William P., 517. Werner, James B., 395. Wertz, Richard F., 517. Weston, Henry C, 451. Wetzel, Seranus, 617. Wetzler, John N., 396. White, Frederick C, 451, 462. Whitesell, Oliver G., 617. Wicht, E. A. B., 517. Wiekert, Jairus A., 617. Wieand, Victor H. S., 452. Wieder, James D., 517. Wieser, Edwin W., 517. Wile, Milton G., 617. Wilson, A. B. Courtland, 462. Francis S., 452. Thomas B., 617. Wilt, Harry, 617. Wiltberger, Frank M., 517. Wind, John P., 517. Wise, Ira., 395, 396. Leo., 468. 0. R., 617. Wismer, Joseph L., 517. Wisser, Phaon P., 462. Wolf, Abraham L., 617. Andrew J., 517. Charles B., 617. George L., 517. Wolfe, James B., 453. William B., 453. Wolfertz, Charles N., 517. Wolfertz, Frederick, 617. Wonderly, Victor F., 518. Woodring, Edwin S., 466. James D., 396. James T., 396. T. J., 618. Woodward, Henry, 396. Woolever, Harry, 453. Samuel, 463. Wright, J. Marshall, 618. Robert A., 618. Wuoherer, George, 453. 584 INDEX TO NAMES OF STUDENTS. Wurster, Albert, 618. Xander, Edgar P., 618. Teager, Stephen T., 518. William R., 518. Teakel, George K., 518. Irwin, 453. John L., 453. L. B., 618. Yehl, Elias A., 397. Yeisley, Wilson, 397. Yetter, Harry A., 462. Yingling, John J., 397. Yorgey, Henry B., 618. Yost, Alfred J., 397, 398. Jonathan T., 618. Young, Edward M., 463. Harry J., 454. Young, John Ira, 518. John J., 454. John R., 518. W. S., 518. Yundt, Alfred M., 518. Thomas M., 398. Zahn, Jean A. J., 398, 399. Zeidler, John, 518. Zemany, Andrew, 618. ZiegenfuBS, Charles 0., 519. Samuel A., 399. Zimmerman, George W., 619. Zizelman, Charlps M., 519. Zuber, William H., 400. Zuck, Edward A., 519. Zweier, Charles D., 466. Zweizig, J. Henry, 400. Zweizig, M. Luther, 400, 401. THE END.