:^*-fi !Xb<'ji^iMM' CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1 8^1 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library F 627F2 H67 History of Fayette County Iowa, contain olin 3 1924 028 913 980 Cornell University Library The original of tinis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028913980 THE HI8T0ET Fayette County. I O TSr ^, CONTAINING !|t$iar^ txl i\$ inttitt^, ti$ iilits, Mtimn% k>t*t A'Biograpnieal Directory of its Citizens, \A'^ar Record of its Vol- unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His- tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Fayette County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, &c. ilijTTSTe, a.t:e3X). CHICAGO : WESTEKN HISTORICAL COMPANY, STTCOESSOKS TO H. F. KETT & 00. 1878. Entered, according to Act oi CougresB,Vin the yeaj; 1876, by THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY. In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at? Washington L. V. PREFACE. Less than half a century has rolled into eternity since the Indian title to any portion of the soil of Iowa was extinguished, and the Black Hawk Purchase permitted the resistless tide of emigration westward to flow across the Mississippi, and only thirty years ago the Winnebagoes reluctantly left their Iowa Reserve, a portion of which was the northern part of Fayette County. Less than forty years have elapsed since the adventurous Wilcox built the first rude log cabin in the valley of the Volga, and the first brave and hardy pioneers settled on the beautiful prairies of Fayette. But these fleeting years have been replete with eventful changes — of history that it has been the purpose of this work to gather, arrange and preserve for transmission to posterity as one of the almost countless chapters in the annals of this great country. The task has been an arduous and delicately responsible one. Some years had passed after the first settlement by Wilcox, Culver, Beattv, Orrear, Brown, the Hens- leys, and others, before any written records were made ; indeed, before the northern part of the county was open to settlement, and of those who settled on the Black Hawk Pur- chase in Fayette prior to 1845, only two remain to tell the story of their privations. The burning of the Court House in 1872, by which many valuable records were destroyed, has veiy materially added to our labor, and the compilers have been forced to depend upon the remembrances of the early settlers for many of the incidents recorded in the following pages. But memories fail with the accumulating burdens of yeai'S, and events that were vividly recalled ten or fifteen years ago are now so nearly forgotten that they return with difficulty at the call of the historian. In the absence of written records, it has often occurred that different individuals have given sincere and honest, but, nevertheless, conflicting versions of the same events, and It has been a task of great delicacy to harmonize these conflicting statements. This work has been done with much cai-e and discrimination, with the sole purpose of arriving at the truth. How well this task has been performed the intelligent reader must judge. It will be strange, indeed, if in the multiplicity of names, dates and events no errors nor omissions shall be detected. The compilers do not dare hope that, in all its numerous and varied details, this work is absolutely correct, nor is it to be expected that it is beyond criticism, but it is hoped and believed that it will be found measurably correct and gen- erally accurate and reliable. Unwearied and studious care has been constantly exercised in its preparation in the hope of making a standard work of reference, as well as a vol- ume of interest to the general reader. Such as it shall be found, however, our work is done, our aflering completed, and it remains for us to tender our grateful acknowledgments to the peoiple of Fayette County for the liberal patronage that has enabled us to present them with this volume, and for the courtesy and kindness, without exception, extended to our representatives, to whom has been entrusted the work of collecting and arranging the historical record herein pre- IV PREFACE. served to that posterity who, in the not far distant future, are to take the places of the fathers and mothers of to-day, so many of whose names are honorably recorded in the following pages. Particularly do we desire to express our warmest thanks to those citizens who have so freely and so generously furnished so much valuable information, without whose aid this history of Payette County could not have been so complete and accurate as it is hoped it will be found to be. To mention them all by name would require too much space; to mention only a part of them would be invidious. To all of them — to the county ofS- cers who have so courteously and kindly aided us and placed the official records of the couiity at our disposal — to the press of the county who have so generously affijrded us free access to their files — to the ministers and official representatives of the churches, lodges and societies — to township officers and school teachers, this paragraph of grateful appreciation and thanks is respectfully dedicated. We are also under obligations to Hon. T. W. BuRDiCK, M. C. ; P. J. Qui&let, Esq., Clerk of Courts of Dubuque County ; Hon. Samuel Murdoch, of Elkader ; Hon. David Secor, Eegister, and J. M. Davis, Esq , Deputy Eegister of the State Land Office, and to John Gharkt, Esq., of Memphis, Mo., the Pioneer editor of Fayette, for courtesies extended to our representatives. In conclusion, we may be permitted to express the earnest hope that before two score more of years have passed, other and abler pens will have gathered and recorded the historic events that are to follow the close of this offering to the people of Fayetie, that' the history of the county may be preserved unbroken from generation to generation ; and to this tod public records, private journals and newspaper files should be carefully preserved. PUBLISHEKS. July, 1878. CONTENTS Page. History Northwest Territory 19 Geographical Position 19 Early Explorations 20 Discovery of the Ohio 33 English Explorations and Set- tlements 35 American Settlements 60 Division of the Northwest Ter- ritory '. 66 Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70 Black Hawk and the Black Hawk War 74 Other Indian Troubles 79 Present Condition of theNorth- weat 86 Chicago.. 95 Illinois 240 Indiana 242 Iowa 243 Michigan 244 Wisconein ...246 Minnesota 247 Nebraska 248 History of Iowa : Geographical Situation 109 Topography 109 Drainage System 110 Kivers Ill Lakes 118 Springs. 119 Prairies 120 Geology 120 Climatology 137 Discovery and Occupation 139 Territory 147 Indians , 147 Pike's Expedition 15 L Indian Wars 152 Black Hawk War 157 Indian Purchase, Reserves and Treaties 159 Spanish Grants 163 Half-Breed Tract 164 HISTORICAL.. Page. History of Iowa : Early Settlements. .^ 166 Territorial History 173 Boundary Question 177 State Organization 181 Growth and Progress 185 Agricultural College and Farm.186 State University 187 State Historical Society „193 Penitentiaries 194 Insane Hospitals 195 College for the Blind 197 Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 State Normal School 201 Asylum for Feeble Minded Children 201 Reform School , 202 Fish Hatching Establi6hment..203 Public Lands 204 Public Schools 218 Political Record 223- War Record 229 Number Volunteers 233 Number Casualties— Officers. ..234 Number Casualties — Enlisted Men 236 Population 238 Agricultural Statistics 274 History of Fayette County from early settlement to present time 307 War History , 416 War Record 428 County Poor Farm 445 County Officers 1S50-1S78 .446 Township Officers, 1878 449 Post Offices and Postmasters ...450 Railroads 453 Press 456 Historical and Pioneer Associa- tions 460 Agricultural Society and Me- chanics* Institute 467 Page. History of Fayette County : Creameries & Cheese Factorie8..468 Fine Stock Breeders' Associar tion 470 Medical Society 470 Home Insurance Company 471 Educational 472 Miscellaneous 481 Patrons of Husbandly 485 Fire Insurance .485 Life Insurance 486 Abstract Assessment 573 Vote of 1876 304 Property Statement 574 History of Towns : West Union 487 Westfield and Fayette 507 Lima 515 Albany 516 Westfield Township 5I6 Elgin and Lutra 521 Clermont 537 Eldorado 531 Auburn 534 Eden Township , 537 . Windsor Township 639 Bethel Township 540 Banks Township ; 541 Fairfield Township 544 Brush Creek 646 Taylorsville 550 Randalia 651 Center Township 552 Wadena ...554 Smithfield Township 558 Harlan Township 660 Fremont Township 563 Oelwein 565 Otsego... 568 Jefferson Township 569 Oran Township 670 Putnam Township .671 Page, Mouth of the Mississippi 21 Source of the Mississippi 21 Wild Prairie 23 La Salle Landing on the Shore of Green Bay 25 BnflaloHunt 27 Trapping 29 Hunting 32 Iroquois Chief 34 Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43 Indians Attacking Frontiersmen... 66 A Prairie Storm 59 lI^l.l7STBATIOWS. Page, A Pioneer Dwelling 61 Breaking Prairie 63 Tecumseh, the Shawanoe Chieftain 69 Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75 Big Eagle 80 Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 Kinzie House 85 A Repr^entative Pioneer 86 Lincoln Monument 87 A Pioneer School House 88 Page. Pioneers' First Winter 94 Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at Davenport, Iowa 91 Chicago in 1833 05 Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98 Present Site Lake Street Bridge, Chicago, 1833 98 Ruins of Chicago 104 View of the City of Chicago 106 Hunting Prairie Wolves 249 CONTENTS. lilTHOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS. Page. Hale, Samuel 565 Hoagland,!Hiram 457 Hensley, A. J ....703 Paoe. HillBingev, T,. D 423 Morse, B 339 MoOlintook, W 373 Page. Probasco, A 637 Rogers, Jacob \V 303 Talmadge, 0. H 469 FAYETTE COCXTY VOEUSTEERS. Page. Infantry : Third .428 Ninth 430 Twelfth .432 Eighteenth 433 Twenty-iirst ...; 434 Page. Infantry: Thirty-seventh 434 Thirty-eighth & Thirty-fonrth..434 Forty-sixth 439 Miscellaneous 439 Page- Cavalry ; riirst 440 Sixth 440 Seventh 441 Ninth 442 Miscellaneous 442 BIOGRAPHIC Al TOWNSHIP 1>I RECTORY. Page. Auburn 748 Bethel 668 Banks 601 Clermont! .732 Center....: 712 Dover 672 Eden 623 Page. Fayette -701 Fremont 742 Fairfield 606 Harlan 696 Illyria 635 Jefferson 643 Oran 665 Page. Pleasant Valley 718 Putnam 616 Smithfleld 679 Scott 662 Windsor 692 West Union 675 Westfleld 686 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE I.AWS. Page. Adoption of Children 287 Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes 276 Commercial Terms 289 Capital Punishment 282 Charitable, Scientific and Beglious Associations 300 Descent 276 Damages from Trespass 284 Exemptions from Execution 282 Estrays 283 Forms : Articles of Agreemen't 291 Bills of Sale 292 Bond fdr Deed 299 Bills of Purchase 290 Page. Forms : Chattel Mortgage 298 Confession of Judgment 290 Lease 296 Mortgages 294 Notice to Quit 293 Notes 290,297 Orders 290 Quit Claim Deed 299 Receipts : 290 Wills and Codicils 293 Warranty Deed 298 Fences 284 Interest 276 Intoxicating Liquors 301 Jurisdiction of Courts 281 Page. Jurors 281 Limitation of Actions 281 Landlord and Tenant 288 Married Women....... 282 Marks and Brands 284 Mechanics' Liens 285 Uoads and Bridges 286 Surveyor and Surveys 287 Suggestions to Persons Purchasing Books by Subscription 303 Support of Poor 287 Taxes 277 Wills and Estates 276 Weights and Measures 289 Wolf Scalps 284 KISCEIiliABIKOITS. Page, Map of Fayette County Front. Constitution of United States 250 Vote for President and Vice Pres- ident 264 Practical Bules for Every-Day Use..265 United States Government Land Measure 268 Page. Surveyor's Measure 269 How to Keep Accounts 269 Interest Table 270 Miscellaneous Table 270 Names of the States of the Union .and their Significations 271 Population of the United States 272 Page. Population of Fifty Principal Cities of the United States 272 Population and Area of the United States 273 Population of the Principal Coun- tries in the World 273 // J The Northwest Territory. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended- no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to ' the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the " New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern Territory." In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the coiitinent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. (19) 20 THE NORTHWEST TBREITORY. EARLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries. In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius,- they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied — as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a THE NORTHWEST TEKKITOEY. 21 1^ 1^ a Eh ft O W O ft o u o 22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOstT. request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking. On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox Eiver and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and AUouez had extended their missionary labors the year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries,,and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white mah had ever yet ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were now upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of THE NORTHWEST TEKEITOKY. 23 Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand " reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. THE WILD PEAIEIE. On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides- from that point to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, " did we see such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefuUj'- passed away while at prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been called Marquette. ' While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to Frontsnae, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan, dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that JjaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- cration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receivad from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Ghev- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 25 alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on these fresh- water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed on to Green Bay, the " Bale des Puans" of the French, where he found a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors, LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OE GREEN BAT. started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard of- He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- ing nothing from the GriflSn, he collected all the men — thirty working men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by the Indians, "Theakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee.. "FaUing down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs,. took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, the voyagers again betook themselves to the streaim, and toward evening, on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. He called this fort " Creveeoeur'^ (broken-heart), a name expressive of the Tery natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship. Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a bad season of the year. He safely reached Canada, and set out again for the object of his search. Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecceur on the last of February, 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition,, he found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 27 in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, BUFFALO HUNT. headed by one Se,ur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the' borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went to France, where he published an account of his adventures. ;28 THE NOETHWEST TEREITOKY. The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his vain endeavor to find gold and precioas gems. In the following Spring, De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it ■would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, reached the banks of the Mississippi. On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they -pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- covered the three great passages by which the liver discharges its waters into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : " We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the ref*ch of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 1682. The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi," the column was erected by M. de La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 29 treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not accomplished until 1699, when D'Iberville, under the authority of the crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the "Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives *'■ MalboucMa" and by the Spaniards, " Za Palissade,''' from the great ni}S.Jd. '^p%P*«*>>" TRAPPINS. number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort neaf its western outlet, and returned to France. An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by Prance under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by 30 THE NORTHWEST TBEBITOBY. the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored," The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois^ and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de I'lmmaculate Conception de la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort CreveccBur. This must have been about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly') was estab- lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being^ made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated . in the settle- ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of tha famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law» who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated * There is considerable dispute about tills date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. When the new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined' and i'/02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. THE NORTHWEST TEERITOEY. 31 injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company- did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8, 1750, says : " We have here whites, negroes and Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid (Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low- to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 32 THE NOKTHWEST TEREITOET. work them as they deserve." Father Marest, writing from the post at Vincennes in 181 2, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : " Some individuals dig lead near the sxirface and supply the Indians and Canada. Two Spaniard's now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those ofilexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large pieces are found in the streams." HUNTING. At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, at Fort Ponchartiain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of LaSalle Avere now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country. THE NORTHWEST TEKEITOBY. 33 and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for- secnring the great profits arising therefrom. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the- DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet and Marquette. While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed, to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the- Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a, distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to the commerce of China and Japan. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant,. Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money,, the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons,, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 84 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they heard for the. first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving lEOyUOlS CHIKF. among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He THE NORTHWEST TEEEITOEY. 35 had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 86 THE KOKTHWEST TEERITOKY. conclusively of tlie nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to secure the country west of the AUeghenies to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the cl^aims of Britain to this unexplored wilderness. England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov- ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant of land beyond the AUeghenies. This was granted, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French THE NORTHWEST TEEEITOEY. 37 settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- reuil. Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to fprther secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles abov« its mouth. He afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were bus}'' in preparing their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. (They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. Da\rid Jones Pickaweke." ' The following Is a translation of the Inscription on the plate; "In the year 1749. relgri of Louis XV., King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranQuility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have burled this plate at the confluence of the Toradaltoin, this twenty-ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have talteii of the saul river, and all its tributaries; Inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and treaties; especially by those of Ryswlck, Utrecht, and Alx La Chapelle." 88 THE NORTHWEST TEEEITOEJC. This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their favor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manceuvre each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when we wanted help, forsook us." At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans of the French. Thej' had sent messages to the French, warning them away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts already begun, and would not abandon the field. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 39 ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true- to him, notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, and gathered their forces to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great activities ; A'olunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this rive;: they were gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 40 THE NORTHWEST TERETTOEY. working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. " The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, and the next day he was bowed oif by the Frenchman, and with his men and tools, marched up the Monongahela." The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of • French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from' their possessions. The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those THE NORTHWEST TEEEITOBY. 41 acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiefet battles of the French and Indian War. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal, The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisibhs all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre- refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 4r2 THE NORTHWEST TEREITOEY. French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while on their journey home. Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one hundred and fifty wai'riors, and not less than three thousand acres of cleare~d land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He declared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified February 10, 1768, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly THE NORTHWEST TERKITOBY. la PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 44 THE NORTHWEST TEEEITORY. Tipon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander ■of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares «,nd Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite in this enterprise. The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1763. Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 'Of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian ■chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed^ the concealed musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular ■co^mmissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At "the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went further south, living many years among the Illinois. He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis in a war with the whites. His efforts \vere fruitless, and only ended in a quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon ■afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly have been carried out. It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : ■*' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not THE NORTHWEST TERKITORY. 45 yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecceur by LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. Louis. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom he afterward lost his life. As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, g,bout which was clus- tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy reach of Great Britain. The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they THE NORTHWEST TBREITOEy. 47 strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and -were allowed to remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, virhich was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 177-i, extend- ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side of the war for independence. In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and driven across the Ohio. During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseveranceof individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 48 THE NORTHWEST TEEEITOBY. strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time " Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 negroes." From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a leport made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made : " Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five miles further up the river." St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one hundred and fifty negroes. It niust be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here relate." It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an. oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width.. As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its Hmits that space between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house (near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49' gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a. parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running^ east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten. to fifteen feet in width. At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two stories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses,- most of them one story, with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east. gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and the other n6ar the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who were relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per- formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ; even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys wer& delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present " new '* town was laid out. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests^ 50 THE NORTHWEST TEBKITORY. and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht, saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihi- late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- THE JfORTHWEST TERBIIOBY. 51 ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private volunteei-s. Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as fer as the Fidls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, Kentucky, and Xew Albany. Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and as mauy as could be spared &om the station. Here he announced to the men their real destination. Having, completed his arrangements, and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as five as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its captvire go to Cahokia, then to Vincennes. and lastly to Detroit. Should he feul, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the United States : and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to believe by the British that the " Long Knives " or Virginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself by siirprise, and without the loss of a single man or by killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently working upon the fears of the natives. Clark told them they were at per- fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foe- This had the desired effect, and the inhab- itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked for turn of affidrs. at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- panied him. and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered, and gladly placed themselves imder his protection. Thus 52 THE NORTHWEST TERKITORY. the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English into the possession of Virginia. In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who had been commander at Kaska'skia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of the Old Dominion through their Legislature. In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the fort. Being granted the rights of a. prisoner of war, he surrendered to the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the force in the garrison. Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, THE NORTHWEST TEKEITOKY. 53 and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he w^ kept in close confinement. During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," by which he was ever afterward known. Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and CJark con- cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from the commencement, by the British. " But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the Ohio frontier. Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled to sue for peace. 54 THE NORTHWEST TERKITORT. During this same year (1779) the famous "Land Laws" of Virginia were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis^ sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations. The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the " Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable manner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- ■cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the United States. Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion,' failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, a deeH^which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 1772 in the history of the Northwest. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 56 THE NORTHWEST TERBITOEY. frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destrue- INDIANS ATTACKING FKONTIEKSMEN. tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was THE XOETHWEST TEEEITOEX. 01 proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next September, the definite treaty "which ended our reTolutionaiy struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi Eiver ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the Xorth and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper treaty. To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- tlement of the territory until this coidd be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Xorthwest she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the Xorthwest Territory passed firom the control of the Old Dominion. To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated vUlage of Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- sonville. Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and Gren. Haldimand at Detroit refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring of 17&4, Pittsburgh was r^ularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He says : " Pittsbtrrgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north ^ Ireland or even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Plula- 58 THE NORTHWEST TBEKITORY. delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until' 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. Daring the year 1786, the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 1789 and 1790. THE NORTHWEST TEEBITORT. 5.9 While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states A PKAIEIE STOBM. by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- potamia and Pelisipia. There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of names, — the boundaries: The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles ■60 THE NORTHWEST TEEEITOEY. •square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into not mpre than iive states, and not less than three. This was approved by the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was Again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as -soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over the AUeghenies by the old Indian path~ which had been opened into Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded ■as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly'claim that honor. THE NORTHWEST TEBRITOEY. 61 Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by- being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed to administer them. Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- lated to promote the welfare of such a community." A PIONEER DWELI.ING. On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the "Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood was called " CamjOMs ilfari«M« ;" square number 19, " CapitoUum ;" square number 61, "Cecilia;" and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra Via." Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 62 THE NOKTHWEST TBERITOEY. under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the- next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing ceremonies. The emigration westward at this time was very great. Tlie com- mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the "Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been ready to receive them. On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this localitj-, he sold the oth'er two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the mouth ; L. of Licking." Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 63 laeen made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood of 1789. On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The President at ' first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but BEBAKIKG PBAIEIE, was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large tract of country was ceded to the United States. Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 64 THE NORTHWEST TEBEITOBY. whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments of the Northwestern Territory. Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. Qn October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain was signed, whei'eby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. No sooner had the treat}'' of 1795 been ratified than settlements began to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- THE NORTHWEST TEEKITOBY. 65 quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after him was formed, which included- the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that part of the Northwest. The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at LosantiviUe — now known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly adjourned untU the 16th of the following September. From those named the President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg, of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President of the Council. The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature September 20th, and on October 13 th that body elected as a delegate to Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of Gen. St. Clair. The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 66 THE NOKXHWEST XEEEITORY. DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : " In the three western countries there has been but one court having cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States and Canada." The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : " That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the Kentucky River, and running thence to Port Recovery, and thence north until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides : " That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the seat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River ; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the seat of government for the Indiana Territory." Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiaua Territoiy, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law THE NORTHWEST TEBRITOEY. 67 was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the -Sd of November the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province of Louisiana. In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year,' the Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly within the territory of Indiana. Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the College Township in the district of Cincinnati. Before the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 68 THE NOKTHWEST TEBRITOBX. aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in and about Detroit. C. Jonett, the Indian agent in Michigan, stiU a part of Indiana Terri- tory, reported as follows upon the condition of mattei-s at that post : "The Town of Detroit. — ^The charter, which is for fifteen miles square, was granted in the time of Louis XTV. of Fi-ance, and is now, from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four acres, which were added twenty years ago to a fai-m belonging to Wm. Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup- port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same yeiu-. also, a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the domain of Gen. Hairison. On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that montli, a fire occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. When the officera of the new territory reached the post, thej- found it in ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large tracts of land from the Indian tiibes. To aU this the celebrated Indian, Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the settlers. To obtain a ftdl account of these attempts, the workings of the British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at the battle of tlie Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, and his connection with this conflict. 5HE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 6^ TECUMSEH, THE SHAWAINOE CHIEFTAIN. TO THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. This famous Indian cliief was born about the year 1768, not far from the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle ■ tribe of the same people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of the present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land could be made save by the consent of this confederation. He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- paring for the work. In that year, Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring THE SORTBTWEST TKBRITOBX. 71 as one principal teason that he did not \rant the Indians to give up anv lands north and west of the Ohio River. Tecumseh, in August. ISIO, visited the General at Vincennes and held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chiefs headquarters at Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped near the village early in October, and on the morning of November T, he was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exiisperated at his brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating the war. and foUing his (Tecumseh's) plans. Tecumseh seat word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned &om the South, and was ready to visit the President ai had at one time previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never made. In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against the United States, and reproached Gen, Harrison for marching against his people. The agent repUed to this _: Tecumseh listened Avith a cold indif- ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. He remained under this Grovernment, doing effective work for the Crown while engaged in the war of ISli which now opened. He was. however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- tonly murder the captive. In the Summer of 1S13. Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and shortlv after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sailfor the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mid- den. &om which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the VaUey of the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. MeArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 72 THE NOETHWBST TRRRtTORY. On the 2d of October, the Americans begun their pursuit of Proctor, whom they overtook on the 5th, and tho battle of tlie ThameH followed. Early in the engagement, TecumHeh who was at the head of the column of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hevonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the southeastern corner of the State. Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be doubted. LAKES. The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. The others may be properly termed fluvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in Bunea Vista County. Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal ; and it contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. Okohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same distance westward, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of water fowl. Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area of between four and five square miles. The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- cept Okoboji. Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and in -winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. SPRINGS. Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata of the age of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the valley of that stream. No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, though the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with soluble mineral substances. OKIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. The soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is tillable land. GEOLOGY. The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not only possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area of surface, and the alluvial least. All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part of Iowa drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the inconstant elements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation known as the Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than elsewhere. The same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- tion furnishing the sand. In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA 121 cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate with the limestones of that region. The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the highest floods, and is very productive. The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in their order: SYSTEMS. AQES. GROaPS. PERIODS. FORMATIONS. EPOCHS. Drift Inoceramous bed Woodbury Sandstone and Shalea.. Niahnabotany Sandstone Upper Coal Measures Middle Coal Measures.. Lower Coal Measures St. Louis Limestone Keokuk Limestone Burlington Limestone Kinderhook beds Hamilton Limestone and Shales Niagara Limestone Maquoketa Shales Galena Limestone Trenton Limestone St. Peter's Sandstone Lower Magnesian Limestone Potsdam Sandstone Sioux Quartzite THICKNESS. IN FEET. Cretaceous Carboniferous.. Devonian Upper Silurian. Lower Silurian. Azoic Post Tertiary Lower Cretaceous. Coal Measures. Subcarboniferous. 10 Hamilton Niagara f Cincinnati Trenton. Primordial. Huronian to 200 60 130 100 200 200 200 75 90 196 175 200 350 80 250 200 80 250 300 50 THE AZOIC SYSTEM. The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big Sioux ^iver, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in dry forms except that into wbich it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. PRIMORDIAL GROUP. Potsdam Sandstone, — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the bluffs and steep valley sides which border the riVer there. It may be seen underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This formation has but little greater geo- graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for building purposes. The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, near McGregor. St. Peter's Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the drift. TRENTON GROUP. Trenton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded layers, which afford fiiie material for window caps and sills. In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to science and peculiar to Iowa. The Grdlena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, ■which traverse the rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. CINCINNATI GROUP. Maquoketa Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more than a hundred miles in length. • Its most southerly exposure is in the blufis of the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Its economic value is very slight. Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found in the . Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct formation from any others of the group. UPPER SILURIAN S'YSTBM. NIAGARA .G^OUP. Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and fotty and fifty miles wide. This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and Farley are all opened in this formation. DEVONIAN SYSTEM. HAMILTON GROUP. Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- eaatwsvrd. Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite •worthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other material requiring strength and durability. All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- ferable to- the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near Iowa City, and is known as " Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble." CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian,. only the first two are found in Iowa. SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington ,County. . Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field. From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokiik County, thence to the northeastern corner of Jefierson County, thence sweeping a few miles ■eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. The Kinderhook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation' are along the bluffs which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into ornamentaland useful objects. In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere and frost, it crumbles to pieces. The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation that can be referred to the sub-kingdom vertebrata ; and so far as yet recog- nized, they all belong to the order selachians. Of ARTICULATES, only two species have been recognized, both of which belong to the genus pMllipsia. The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- vailing classes are : lamellibrancJiiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this formation. The Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- sions are eminently crinoidal. The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all parts of the world. The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes; like those most common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On BuflBngton Creek, in Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus pMllipsia. Fossil shells are very common. The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented in the genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this, formation is to be seen. In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvbo. The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging to the order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners reached a length of twenty-five or thirty feet. Of the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found in this formation. Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera.are found, but crinoids are most abundant. Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its extent is very great. It is first seen resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- ceous and calcareous. The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus pJiillipsia, and two ostracoid, genera, eythre and beyricia. The moUusks distinguish this formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the two preceding it. The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of Iowa. Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North America. It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred miles. At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. THE COAL-MEASURB GROUP. The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- ness of about two hundred feet. A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencing at the southeast comer of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Ilardin County ; thonco west- ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County; and thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster County. Lower Coal Measures. — In consequence of tho recedence to the southward of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the river. No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bod of coal furnishes a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion County, blocks of largo dimensions are obtained which make good building material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures, is not well supplied with stone. But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meaS' ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of marine origin. Of fossil plants found in. these measures, all probably belong to tho class acrogens. Specimens of ealamites, and several species of ferns, are found in all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have exiHted later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within tho State of Iowa occupies a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of tho State, emtn'ac- ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. Tho countioa more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. This formation is compo.scd of alternating beds of clay, sandstone ami lime- stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestorio occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which ofTer many con- trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which indicates a widespread disturbance, though rjo dislocation of tho strata have been discovered. Generally speaking, few species of foshils occur in these beds. Some of the shales and sandstone have afforded a i'i^vi imperfectly preserved land plants — three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea- weeds. Radiates are represented by corals. The moUusks are most numerously repi'o- sented. Trilohitas and ostraeovh are the only remains known of articulates. HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 12& Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and ganoids. Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by the middle coal measures. The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building, as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, gasteropoda, lamelli, hranchiata, hrachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely composed of their small fusiform shells. CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. , There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice produced their entire renjoval over considerable areas. It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following will approximate the outlines of the area : From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast corner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. thence to Sergeant's bluffs; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of beginning. All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. Nishnahotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north- ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- mous leaves. Woodbury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- hotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven miles below Sioux City. This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. PEAT. Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- mated, contain the following areas : Counties. Acres. Cerro Gordo 1,500 Worth 2,000 Winnebago 2,000 Hancock 1,500 Wright 500 Kossuth 700 Dickinson '. 80 Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is inferior tp that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds wiU furnish two hundred and fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- ncBs of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly compensated the deficiency of other fuel. GYPSUM. The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen in the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly poiat before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is hmited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes up thiBse ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of from twenty to sixty feet. The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- scape. As one walks up and down the creeks - and ravines which come into the valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below Fort Dodge. The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufiicient in amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty feet thick. Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also sufi'ered some diminution of thickness since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection against the diminution of fhe gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, but it rapidly disappears und'er the action of running water. Where little rills of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now sufiering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. Emery's report. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. Age of the Gypmm Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica^ tion of its geological age been observed, except that -which is afforded by its stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge are, however, of considerable value. As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the Permian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the palseozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, perhaps older than the Cretaceous. lAthohgical Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminae of alter- nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, but the whole eo intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is evidently sedimentary in its character. From these facts, and also from the further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been held suspended in the same waters. Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects from that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- tion with those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- ysis by Prof Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- rities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality as any in the country, even for the finest uses. In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now rapidly passing away when a man may purchase a new farm for less money than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be difiicult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other source. For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is for the purposes 6f ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, arid its ordinary situation in walls of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, fine residence of it. in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, which' come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn into the desired -shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- ing stone. MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIMB. Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great gypsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, the same substance is found in similar small quantities and under similar con- ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. No anhydrous sulphate of lime (anhydrite) has been found in connection with the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. (Ce/es'me.) The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in Iowa, or, so far as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer, Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper surface being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with those of the shales which imbed it. The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is in this case nearly colorless, and hut for the form of the separate crystals would closely resemhle masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all oases their fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical feet. SULPHATE OF BARYTA. {BaryUs, Beavy Spar.) This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion Coimties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the lead ciives of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small crystalline masses. SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. (EpsonuU.) Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been dkcovered near Burlington, we have thus recognized in Iowa all the stdphates of the alkaline earths of natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as aflFord it complete shelter from the rains or running water. The epsomite mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, near Starrs mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- tations upon the sur&ce of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the fine debris that has fellen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains never reach fer beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- sults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. CLIMATOLOGY. No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof. T. S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 188 HISTORY OF THK STATK OF IOWA. catine. Since tliat date, thev were made in Towa City. The result is tJuvt tlio atniosplioric conditions of the oliniato of Iowa are in tlio highest dogrw favor- able to hesiltJi. The highest temperature horo occurs in August, -while July is tlio hottest month in the year by two degrees, and January tJio coldest by three tlegrec^. The mean temperature of April and C>etober most neiu-ly corresponds to flie mean teraper.atnre of the year, as well as tlieir sea,sons of Spring and Fall, while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and December. The period of greatest heat ranges from June -'2d to August JHst ; the next mean time being July 27tJi. The lowest tcuiperalure extends from Deooraber 16th to February 15th, tbo average being Januiu-y iiOtli — the range in oaoh case being two full months. The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of Now York, Pennsyl- vania, Ohio, Indiiuia and Illinois. The seasons are not characteri/.ed by the frequent and sudden changes so common in tlie latitutles further soutl\. The temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than Slates eastward, but of other seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of the State being , free at all seasons of the year from sta,gnant water, with good breezes at neai'ly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary disea,ses are unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of tJie most healthful States i^i the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, Summer and Fall months are delightful; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which lasts for weeks, and finally .blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. DISCOVERT AND OCCUPATION. Iowa, in the symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhale itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this magnificent and firuitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Oc-ean. was a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments wUl be a fitting introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, wliich, until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish possessions in America. Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the Xew World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. In accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discoveiy gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no effort to occupy it ; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi VaUey was re-discovered and occupied by France. The unparalleled labors of the zealous Fr( neb Jesuits of Canada in penetrating the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude AUouez, who had entered Lake Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. the Story of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river, and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. The purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- quette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot was" sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the Indian nations, at St. Mary's. When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of Chicago. In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red'River of the North. Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French Government. Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the remn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of years, was considered the key to the unknown West. The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by white men. The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could swallow both canoes and men. But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- ing, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where Marquette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 the pity He had bestowed on them daring the Winter, in having given them abundant chase." This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of tie French missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instmcted bv his Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cores the bite of the venomous rattle- snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with geneitous hos- pitality. He called together the principal men of the vfllage, and informed them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry tfie glorious religion of the Cross : and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had no fear of death, to which he knew he wotdd be exposed on his perilous joumevs. Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- ing them across the portage, their Indian guides rerumed to their village, and the little party descended tbe Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. On the i-5th of June, the explorers discovered indicatJons of Indians on the west bank of the river and lauded a little above the mouth of the river now known as Des Moines, and for tihe first time Europeans tood the soil of Iowa. Leaving die Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquene and Joliet boldly fol- lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six ), to an Id di an village sitnaie on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Th^r vrsir. while it created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirdy unexpected, for there was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visiiors were to come to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that this band was a pare of the lUini nation and that their village was called Mon- in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. This, from its similarity of soimd, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines (Monk's River I. its present name- Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and customs of their new fiiends. The new religion they boldly preached and the authority of the King of France they piodaimed were received without h"1. still held 9'M4. By this treaty, thus succe^fully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal of Spain, the then in&nt nation of the New World exteaded irs dominion west ef the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gtdf of Mexico to Biiti^ America. If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished. the United Scares would hare acquired only that portion of the French territory bring east of the Misissippi River, and while the American people would :ius kiTe acquired the free narigation of that great rirer, all of the vast and fertile esapiTe on the west, so rich in i:s a^cidtural and inexhaustible mineral res>c>uice&. would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To }f apoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Lir- ingsion's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was dtne, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by Ae Louisiana purchase. By authority of an act of Congre^^ approved March 2'3. IS' *4. the newly acquired temtory was. on the 1st day of October foUowing. divide-1 : that part lying south of the Sod parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of Orleans, and all n<>r:a of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed imder the authority of the officers of Ladiana Territory, until July 4, lSO-3, when it was organized, with territorial government of irs own. and s.^ remained until l>liL when the Territory of Orleans became the Stare of Louisiana, and the name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of July. I'^li. that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present Stare of Aitans&s, and the country to the westwarvl, was organized into the Arkansas Territorv. On me 2d of March. 1>-1, the Srate of Mi^ouri. being a part of the Teni- tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June ilS. lS->4:. the territory west of die ^Lssissippi River and north of Missouri was made a part of the Territory of Miohi^ui; but two years later, on the 4th of Jidy. IS So. Wiscon- sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of Iowa. Wisconsin and Minnesota. By act of Ccmgr^s, approved Jtme li 1S?S. the TEKRIXOKY OF IOWA was Hre«ed, ctnaprising, in addition to the present Stste, much the larger part of Miimesora. and exteading north to the boundary of the British Posse^ons. THE OKKaXAl OWXEES. Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mis- si^p^ «rf' which the Srare of Iowa >.vnsriaites a part, from the earliest 'iis- «»f«T to the or^aniEirioa of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to ^ve some h^torr of THE ESDIAXS OF IOWA. Accor.iiag to the poliev of the European nations, possession perfected title to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was drs: ^covered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and LX-eapiei by the Fr«ttch. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to IVance again. 148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. and tlien was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain before Cohimbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase again what had already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- tory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, that cannot be omitted. For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and fertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. In these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. In 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the lUini were a very powerful people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the mini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally warlike foes, the IJorthern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the posses- sion of the country for many years. When the United States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- sissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, also, occupied the most of the State of Illinois. The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz. : Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun- tered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River ; the third was at the head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth was near the mouth of the Upper Iowa. The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. 149 miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on Turkey River. The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on the site where lowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, comtnanded one division of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : '•Contrary .to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in length, and two miles wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter for the stealthy approach of the foe. " Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. " At the foot of the mound above mentioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and defense carefully inculcated, by which means a skill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. " Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous assault on the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabiiants, by firing one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp- ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as sooa as the fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. "On the instant ot the report of firearms at the village the forces under Pash-a-po-po leaped from their couchant position iu the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished and unarmed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. The fir^t impulse of ttie latter naturally led them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their wives and chillren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the plac3 of attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way. and the survivors only reac bed their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughterad heaps amidst the devouring elemant, ani the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with th; exulting shouts of the victorious foe, filled their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives an i children who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were in the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreit across the Des Moinei River, which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek Hills." The Sac's and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, had a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took possession 150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the upper rapids of the Mississippi, where the beautiful and flourishing towns of Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, squash and other vegetables, with little labor; the abundance of wild fruit, game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole nation. North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty held at Prairie du ChJen, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the diiBculties, caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs •and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides of the line, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and -neither let an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and JFoxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the " neutral ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they were able to dis- cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One of the. Musquakas was shot in the breast by a squaw as they were rushing into the Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, and made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition. pike's expedition. Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post. Captains Lewis and Clark, with a suflScient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and Fox warriors. At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is now situated, Pike held a council with the Indians, in wliich he addressed them substantially as follows : " Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of red people in our newly acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky and tobacco. Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what ia supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the river runs on that shore ; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular ; nearly level on topj four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufiicient for the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the river, a short distance below tbe mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he waited some time for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed it inexpedient to detain the boat longer, two of his men volunteerisd to go in pur- 152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two men would soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at Dubuque. At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer obtained but little information from him. After leaving this place. Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- tory of another State. It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence ; up that river on both sides, along the great lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806. INDIAN WARS. The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States, and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the encroachments of the pale faces. Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 1767. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a fighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- inent in afifairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life was a marvel. How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or -that his cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said to have been the " victim of a "narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In his life he says: "I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded between William Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con- sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and select- ing sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American whom Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with ; and he was very much prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following account of his visit to Rock Island : " A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our young braves watched them every day, to see what sort of people he had on board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We ■in turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. We were well pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said our American father would treat us well." The events which soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- terview with the commander ; after which they returned home apparently satis- fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, they sent down another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- ing to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was build- ing a house for a trader who was coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the soldiers were coming to kefep him company — a statement which Black Hawk says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an encroachment upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort Madison at the point where it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound themselves "that if any citizen of the United States or any other white persons should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort Madison within the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indig- nant. Not long after the fort was built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison, who ascertained that the soldiers were in the habit of marching out of the fort every morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal them- selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them when they were outside. On the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and were fired upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in their movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. However, they kept up the attack for several flays, attempting the old .Fox strategy of setting fire to the fort with blazing arrows ; but finding their efforts unavailing, they soon gave up and returned to Rock River. When war was declared between the United States and Great Britain, m 1812, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly ■ because he was dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because they had been deceived by the Americans. Black Hawk himself declared that they were "forced into the war by being deceived." He narrates the circum- stances as follows : " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On their return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that British traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us with goods, but that ye should be supplied with an American trader. Our HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 chie& then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enahle us to hunt and clothe our &niilies. He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison ■wroidd have plenty of goods ; that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the British traders had done." Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and. disappointed and crestfeUen, they turned sadly toward their own village. " Few of us," says Black Hawk, " slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- diately, because he had good news for us. and a variety of presents. The express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all started for Bock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, having been forced into the war by being deceived." He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and s^on aban~ doned the serrice and came home. With all his skill and courage. Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sac-s and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox" j, were disposed to abide by the treaty of 180i, and to cultivate friendly relations with the .Ajnerican people. Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the Peace party." Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and having aU the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined the British on their hands to provide for, a cotmcQ was held, and it was agreed that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefe, together with the old men, women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. They accordingly went down, and were received as the " friendly band " of the Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the village; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village and cress over to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which War-me 156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against the desertion of their village, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, and offered to defend the village. The council consented that he should he their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of Keokuk. Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- quainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- fication at the bungling efibrts was depicted on his. countenance while speaking. The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in the Indian council, where hei addressed himself exclusively to those who under- stood his language, and witness the electrical efi"ect of his eloquence upon his audience. Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, than his noted and restless cotemporary, Black Hawk. He knew from the first that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used ^very argument against it. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillmari's defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for. vengeance. " I am your chief," he said, " and it is my duty to lead you to bat- tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances of success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, against whom they would have to contend, that their chance of success was utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on the other side of the Mississippi." This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- don the rash undertaking. But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- redations. When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black Hawk was required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not " touch the goose-quill to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great white chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of the whites ; and when, a few years later, he and his people were driven from their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his fathers. It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty with various tribes, the United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi, except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. THE BLACK HAWK WAR. The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the whites, during the absence of tbe chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the west side of the Mississippi. When they returned, they found their wigwams occupied by white families, and their own women and children were shelterless on the banks of the river. The Indians were indignant, and determined to repossess their village at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be well to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to which they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government. If this was true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. But the whites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous against what they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the Indians again from their homes to the west side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk says he did not intend to be provoked into war by anything less than the blood of 158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. some of his own people ; in othei- words, that there would be no war unless it should be commenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili- tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- ence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors were not danger- ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever on the Iowa side and never recross the river without tlie permission of the President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders ha'd dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers without violating their treaty. They undoubtedly thought tha,t they had agreed never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on the 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never Avont on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and t'leir children. The G-alenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty miles up Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h'S band crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that hi^ band had had bad luck in hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 'tlers, who all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came back to the west ■ side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd trader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on tlie 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have received, I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were committed by the British band of Sac Indians. It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's Run, Black Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- sippi. Be could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation and the victorious whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Ohien by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jefferson Barracks until the Spring of 1833, when he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On the 26th of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to be liberated and returned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought back to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation waa sold, in 1836, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to the Des iMoines Reservation, where he remained till his death, which occurred on the 3d of October, 1838. INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES, At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty was made at a council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where now stands the thriving city of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this council, the United States were represented by Gen. Winfield Scott and Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and Poxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa fifty miles wide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated tribes, for thirty consecutive years, twenty thousand dollars in specie, and to pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 160 HISTORY or THE STATE OF IOWA. seventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fathers had fallen in the Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of pork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. This territory is known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Although it wag not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty was ratified February 13, 1833, and took eff'ect on the Ist of June following, when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and beautiful region was opened to white settlers. By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for the Sacs and Foxes 400 square miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This tract was known as " Keokuk's Reserve, ' and was occupied by the Indians until 1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assem- blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is now the town of Agency City. Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk Purchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the island, on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United States to an individual in Iowa. Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street was transferred from the agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency among them. A farm was selected, on which the necessary buildings were erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and bis family, at the expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent was employed to superin- tend the farm and dispose of^he crops. Two mills were erected, one on S'^ap Creek and the other on Sugar Creek. The latter was soon swept away by a flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The latter wa« interpreter for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- kuk, "Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in what is now " Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. Among the traders connected with the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, who estab- lished his post at what is now the site of Eddyville. The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their natural and wonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his tribe to Kansas. HISTOKY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 In May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession of the " New Purchoise " till tlie Autumn of 1845, when the most of them were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the Spring of 1846. 1. 7V«arames, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to her people on the Upper Missouri. Messrs. Reynolds & Culver, who had leased Dr. Muirs claim at Keokuk, subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was therefore eminently desirable. In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- ing the Mississippi at a point now knowil as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil- lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re- ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the .con- fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would permit. 168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. At this time, the lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old Cottonwood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- sisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : We, a Comniiltee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi Kiver,* with the following exceptions, to wit : Ahtiole I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working said ground one day in six. Articlb II. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so applying. The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the limits of the present State of Iowa. And it ,is to be said that the laws thus enaoted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive ofiicer thus elected as duly respected, as any have been since. The miners who had thus erected an independent government ^f their own on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But the west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- mand of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an oiEcer to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be driven off by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and were not dis- posed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In due time, Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the river, and from the east bank saw the troops land" on the western shore. The three who had lingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape * Established by the Superintendent of U. S. Lead Mines at Fever River. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white occupants. In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared lai'ge quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase had- been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. Many of the settlera recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fi'uits of their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand pounds of lead. Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and enforced by the United States Government, except that minora were requii-ed to sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among the, miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could better afford to aid than to extort from them.. The measure soon became unpop- ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished in about ten years. i During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them from Galena. In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello, and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and . mfluential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented by many friends, in .June, 1865. • The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting held in 1834. In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Government. At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from lUinois and made claims. The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town of Burlington in 1834. All along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flockmg into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Ool. Davenport had established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- gan and Franklin Basly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and Dr. E. S. Barrows. The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : " Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some timber since known as Eads' Grove. The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. Prentice was appointed Postmaster. The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as "a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and the Indians still remaining there." The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that year. The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. The first school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners in 1833. The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer of 1834. The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1882, The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, in 1832. The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Dubuque, in 1834. The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer. The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and enterprising people. As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading post, and built a cabin on the bluff's above the large spring now known as "Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluff's, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff'." In 1827, an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped in the timber at the foot of the bluff's, about on the present location of Broad- way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the bluff' in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and water furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all tliat part of the State remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- talion, numbering some five hundred men, fo/the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons in this section of Iowa numbered 6,.552, and in 1860, 7,828, but they were not all within the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials being Mormons, in 1852, the order was promulgated that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. May 9, 1848, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its coniiuence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, privation and sufiiering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- tory to the pyesent day, Iqwa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. TERRITORIAL HISTORY. By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized to take possession of the te5;ritory included in the Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a State, March 2, 1821, "Iowa," says Hon. C. C. JSTourse, "was left a political orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Mand. These counties were 174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan Territory. On the '20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William C. Frazer, Associate Justices. September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two counties in the Black Hawk purchase : Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Lefiier, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of the House. It adjourned December ^9, 1836. The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington; com- menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- lington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. 175 lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced " all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, and $20,000 for the erection of public buildings. President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Van Allen, of New York, Attorney ; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal ; Au- gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charles Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and James Clarke, editor of the G-azette, was appointed to succeed him. Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for the election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the 10th of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to be elected, at Burlington. The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members: Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,* William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel Summers,! Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas Cox and Hardin Nowlin. Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics * Cyrus 8. Jacobs, who was elected for Dea Moinea County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington before the meeting of the Legislature, and Mr. Bdeler was elected to fill the vacancy, tSamuel E. Hurray was returned as elected from Clintoa County, but hia aeat was succeesfully contested by Burchard, 176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839, amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for which Congress had appropriated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- sippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County ; John Ronalds, of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- son County. Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by the Mississippi River to its source ; thence by a line drawn due north to the northern boundary of the United States ; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- ship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- ately surveyed it and laid off the town. The first sale of lots took place August 16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a littk west of the geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the address on that occasion. When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the unsold lots of Iowa City being the security oiFered, but only $5,500 was obtained under the act. THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River. The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or " the rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sherifi's to collect them by distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sherifi's of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim afld sustain the officers of Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made active preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to eff'ect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners of Clarke County , Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, which was insti- tuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free schools, open for every class of white citizens, wfis established. Provision was made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the forms of civil government. By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased of the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which greatly aided the settlers, who were now coming in by thousands, to make their homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the country had spread far and wide ; even before the Indian title was extinguished, many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As soon as the country -was open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It is not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that within less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred and fifty thousand people. As rapidly as the Indian -titles were extinguished and the original owners removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed westward. The following extract from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shows how the immigrants gathered on the Indian boundary, ready for the. removal of the barrier : In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179 possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the ceded territory west of a line running north and south through Kedrock, until October 11, 184&. These tribes, at this time, had their principal Tillage at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wait- ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but thei United States military authorities had prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve o'clock of the night of the 30th of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence. Between midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had settled on their new purchase. While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive and melancholy. The Winter of 1842—48 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for the crime. When the time fur leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervadod the Indian camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears ; and when their cavalcade was put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the entire procession. The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through Redrook. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- eral Government, The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase public lands could net be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not sold for want of bidders. Then, and-not until then, an occupant making improvements in good faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.2.5 per acre. The " claim laws " were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the " eternal fitness of things." and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, and adopled their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid oif tlie lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that " spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the "consumers of bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 180 HISTORY OF THE_ STATE OF IOWA. broken up ; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, we severed ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps on the willows." Another, from another part of the State, testifies : There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $300 per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part of whicii I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37 J cents per bushel. Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1 .00 per hundred ; and the best horse a man could raise sold for 150.00. Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times that tried men's souls." "A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and the reward of their self-denial." On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Cotnmis- sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at $33,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 115,600. During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the '' Old Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly $6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large sum had been expended in the meantime. 'This rather discouraging discrep- ancy was accounted for by the fact that the ofiicers in charge of the work were constantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements amounted to very nearly $24,000. With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. STATE ORGANIZATION. By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township electiins in April following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and adopted the first State Constitution. The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- lows: Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to a point Vfhere it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 j thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner of Missouri; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River; thence up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or Calumet River; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3, 1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people accepted the act, bounded as follows : Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence by the middle ot the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a.point where it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri ; thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des Moines River ; thence by tlie middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The western boundary would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 7,656 to 7,235. A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people for ratification on the 3d day of August following, when it was accepted ; 9,492 votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution." 182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American Union. Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and House of Representatives. At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settleinents were rapidly push- ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather; The General Assembly responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the Stale University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each bloclc. Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a law. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in what is now Des Moines Township, and the others in Fairview Township, in the southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally through them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, ait prices that were not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- tion was generally condemned. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money p^id by purchas- ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building and grounds by the University. At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 $4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost $123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimies. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 " against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- mation of the -Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and ofiices was commenced at once and con- tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude ; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, the old capitol at Iowa City hecaine the seat of the University, and, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. Des Moines was noAV the permanent seat of government, made so by the fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate for the purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, laro-e and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the Genera! Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel Merrill, ex officio, President; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs; James F. Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; James 0. Crosby, Gainsville; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. Dewey, Des Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, Secretary. The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first appropriated was $150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. From 1858 to I860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted to protect the settlers. " The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. . In 1854, the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and thesfe were being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 185 railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had increased to 500,000. Public attention haijl been called to the necessity of a railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, or. if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. " In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in tiie interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad ■companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely removed The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 miles in successful operation. GROWTH AND PROGRESS. When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory: Year. Population. 1852 230,713 1854 326,013 1856 519,055 1859 638,775 1860 674,913 1863 701,732 1865 754,699 1867 902,040 The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula.- tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize the older States. Year. Population. 1838 22,589 1840 43,115 1844. 75,152 1846 97,588 1847 116,651 1849 152,988 1850 191,982 1851 204,774 Year. Population. 1869 1,040,819 1870 1,191,727 1873 1,251,333 1875 1,366,000 1876 1877 186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Thriving cities and towns dot its fair surface ; an iron net-work of thou- sands of miles of railroads is woven, over its broad acres; ten thousand school houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State ; manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities and towns. Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the eartli ; and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate ; an intelligent, liberty- loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her present citizens. Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the " Star of Empire " had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The Great American Desert." Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to the golden shores of the Pacific. THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. Ames, Story County. The Iowa State Agricultural -College and Farm were established by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. ,W. F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board met in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefferson and Tama Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 187 In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, of Des Moines, -was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the huild- ing, hut -was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 appropriated by the General Assembly -were expended in putting in the foun- dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation of |91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purpiises. The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following branches : Natural Philosophy. Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. The funds arising- from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies ai-e maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is also an " out-law " called the ^^ ATA, Chapter Omega." The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, Chairman; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City; William B. Treadway, Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of Mili- tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of English Literature; C. B. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, Horticulture; J. K. Macomber, Physics; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in French and Mathematics. THE STATE UNIVERSITY. Iowa City, Johnson County. In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- lic land are authorized to be surveyed." William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the Assembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon as may be, eifectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the funds of the university derived from the lands. The first General AssemL)ly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, "with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, provided, how- ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State ofiices should be held in the capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the University, its ofiicers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it by the State. Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theodore S. Parvin, George Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of Trustees. The organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how- ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to, funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. "This act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities, with equal rights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- ience may hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- tine. Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres of land were purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. The Normal Schools wfere located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to continue in operation. At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and Guffin. In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the "State was located at Des Moines; but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated by the State until December, 1857. In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 190 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular catalogue was published. At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the first degree conferred by the Board. Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force September 3, 1857, provided as follows : The state University shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, Und no other. Article XI, Section 8, provided that The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of Johnson. The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor, who was ex officio President, and one member to be elected from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with "full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- poses. The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except" the Chan- cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them to the Normal Department. , At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- ferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the mem- bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi P. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney and Sylvia M. Thompson. HISTORY OP THE STATE OP IOWA. 191 An " Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board no discretion in the matter. The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it was unwise to re-open the University at that time; but at the annual meeting of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal Department in operation ; and at a special meeting, October 25, 1859, it was decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 (third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may De said to commence. August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof Oliver M. Spencer was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in the Collegiate Department. The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the ofiice of Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof Nathan R. Leonard was elected President pro tern. The North Hall was completed late in 1866. At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer (absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof Leonard continued as President joro tem., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered upon his duties in September, 1868. The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. • Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the " Board of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and biucu that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution.. The Board of Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. His resignation was accepted. The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction " was established, and the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, who reported for duty on the lOth of September following. Lieut. Schenck was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected in his stead. "■ At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was established. In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of the State with the University. In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres^ ident. In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. PRESIDENTS. FROM TO James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendeut Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 Amos De.in, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 Thomas H. Benton, Jr 1859 1863 Francis Springer 1863 1864 William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio 1876 1877 Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 John II. Gear 1878 HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. 193 VICE PRESIDENTS. PROM TO Silas Foster 1847 lf>51 Robert Lucas 1851 1853 Edward Connelly 1854 1855 Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 SECRETARIES. HughD Downey 1847 1851 Anson Hart 1851 1857 Elijah Sells 1857 1858 Anson Hart 1858 1864 William J. Haddock 1864 TREASURERS. Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 Henry W. Lalhrop 1855 1862 William Crum 1862 1868 Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 John N. Coldren 1876 PRESIDENTS OP THE UNIVERSITY. Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862 Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 James Black, D. D 1868 1870 George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 C. W. Slagle 1877 The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in the Homoeopathic Medical Department. STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and statements relative to the history and genius,, and progress and decay of the Indian tribes of Iowa ; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest; to ai^ in binding its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary incidental expenses of the Society. There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly shall otherwise direct, the sum of |500 per annum. The Society is under the management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding the last Wednesday in June of each year. The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under the title of " Annals of Iowa." THE PENITENTIARY. Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in Iowa, was approved January 25, ISSt), the fifth section of which authorized the Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. To the Directors was also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter to appoint his own assistants. The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the building June 6, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- tain one hundred and thirty- eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house, were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penit,entiary for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- perience in prison management have been gained. It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of the future. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 It is right that the convict should labor. He should not be allowed to live in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they ? Hon- est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of imprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. Located at Anamosa, Jones County. By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was commenced on the building on the SSth day of September, 1872. May 13, 1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 663 feet. IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Mount Pleasant, Henry County. By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, $4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A' plan for a building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- . chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 196 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua; John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered " domestic duties ;" 122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. Trustees, 1877 :—T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant ; William C. Evans, West Liberty ; L. E. Fellows, Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. Bassett, M. D., First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- son, Steward : Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, Chaplain. HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Independence, Buchanan County. In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts were offered, but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest quarter of Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- tion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, specifications and drawings of the building, which, when completed, were sub- mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the tuilding HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for |88,114. The con- tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend tlie work. The main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T. W. Fawcett, C. C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the two first sections bf the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250. The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by patients in the Fall. In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 822 patients in this hospital, and it is now overcrowded. The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L. Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort Dodge; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ;.aVid Stephen E. Robinson, M. D., West Union. KESIDENT OFFICERS. Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent ; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. Vinton, Benton County. In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. McClary, Secretary ; James H. Gower, Treasurer ; Martin L. Morris, Stephen Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof. 198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Samuel Bacon, Principal; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name should be changed from "Asylum for the Blind," to that of "Institution for the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for each pupil. This was subsequently changed.to $3,000 per annum, and a charge of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the ainounts realized from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved suflScient for the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and had . founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician he had few superiors. On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the, erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- niture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time, Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legislar ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, when the present incumbent, Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. Trustees, 1877-8. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President ; S. H. Watson, Treasurer; H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- tice. Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why $282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two and a half acres for the accom.modation of 130 people, 'costing over eight thou- sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars a year for each pupil. HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number of deaf mates then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 50. The first Board of Trustees were : Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wojd, H. D. Downey, William Crum, W. E. Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class under his charge. A strong effort was made, iii 1866, to remove this important institution to Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main building and east wing were destroyed by fire ; and August 6 following, the roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- ning order. The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 1857-8 was not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported thgit the building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in managenient were very essential. Trustees, 1877-8. — Thomas Ofiicer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D. ; Steward, N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. Davenport, Cedar Falls, Glenwood. The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the ciyil war of 1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, oil the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support and education of the orphan children of the brave Sons of Iowa, who had fallen in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- phan Asylum. 200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The first officers were : President, William M. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, Jchn R. Needham, J. W. Cattell, Mrs. Mary M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibhen ; Cor- responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb, Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, B. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- kuk, was Cliairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit don5,tions, and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as Steward. At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 13th day of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G, Piatt, of Fremont County. The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General Assem bly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for the State at large, who held their office two years, or until, their successors were elected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan actually supported was made by the General Assembly. The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- mates. October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at Glen wood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter, and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial pursuits. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their charge to the Directors of the new institution. The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, and B. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected Principal of the School. On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during the third term. The following are the Board of Directors, Board of OfiBcers and Faculty : Board of directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary; E. Townsend, Treasurer; William Pattes, Steward ; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar Falls. Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, Professor of Music. ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. Glenwood, Mills County. Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of •whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sap- ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and |2,000 for salaries of officers and teachers for two years. Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- dows broken, doors oif their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them mucli assistance. 0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, Teacher. The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. THE REFORM SCHOOL. Eldora, Hardin County. By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile Offenders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County ; provided for a Board of Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the Institute, and at once pro CO 1-H t- CO CO I-) »o : ■* sdjoo sag -laA OX •pajnjdno I— I .— I irD -^ 00 t^(NCO(N05iHTj((N-^ •ssin^nsfEO IBJOX QOT-(»Ot-IOSCDi-H^05COt-COt>-!MCOt-u3io CD 00 »0 CD CO t- lO t- «a ■"* ••a* CO •psssraisid CO CO i-H c■ bD fl S " l>i m CQ pq ;zi EH H fi E II HISTORY 01' THE STATE OF IOWA. 235 : in w (N o CO t-H cq : 1-1 N r-i CN i-H : iH : (N Tt< : O (N W O CO i-H M : l-H W l-H (N l-H : (N CO rH U3 . Tjl 1-1 CO . -* IN tH rH i-i : , m rH . 1— I 1— I :C0(NrH IlNMiOtNTHT-HtHCOO'^COCO :t-(MrHr-lr-l IcO : : ' I— t t— CO (M i-H lO "O CO (M CO CO CN CO ?( •l^ox coosij:Scocococd>*c<1"^cdco.-h[:- OCOOCOfMCOTjHCDCOCOrHC^rH 'N r-[ CO (N (N (M COCOQOOi— 1COI-- OOCOOOCi'M' C^ (MCO ClCOtOCOOCOi'5 CO ccoi-ii^- 1— 1 T-H (M 1— I ,-H C. >0 C^l ^ 00 Tt< "* CO i-l->OCOCO CO T-l 1— I CNi-li— irtr-lWrH StiraMOJd £.Q TtTjiCO •apping % , r-i— iTticDt— aiIOiOCO.-Hr-l IM C<1 i-H T-H ,-( T-( .CS U01MCOCO"*LOCO •l^^ox C<»00i-lTj £>S 3 .g ►< g K i^ s- a IS (S P^ w Or' ■S S^ o la's ja ■5 -o -c 5i g << Mi3 ... ."2 t«>pa - . ' OkS a i n !> t8 na 'C "^ d a la 000 woo 0} o a; ccKcra ■o -a ja ja w t-. ■2 b E" 9 -S h'li fl J-; .*j ,c3 C -»2 -3 Bh fa 02 02 H » &<■ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 23T lO CO cq iM lo CD to Cq i-l 1-i (M 1— ( T-H 1—1 Tjl CD : ■* CO CD i-H 00 g^^lZir; i-H CM W (M CO -* ■'^ ^ -^ rH CD -<* CO CO -^ t- C^ rH C^l 1— 1 I-H CO (M OiM^flOa •QO(M"*COTjH0005CO?flI>-Th!MOCOOSCOCOCOCO lOOOCO'^ :i:^TjicocoOr-iC^l'- t-i-HC^COCOiOi-lr-iOai:- CO (N : (N(M (N uo i^ : : CO cq rH CO : : o th : : cq : CO Oi OOOCqcD»-HOSOS-^Oi{riC5i-HTHOi-H-*C(Mt-Ci"*LOTt-CNI:*CqcDCO a500(Mtr-Oi-*"<*'*(MTticD'*COTC30I:^OOCDi-i COCqG*^ 1-1 1-1 Cq i-( (N tH r-< rH ffq — (. r-H CDi— 1 i— fCOi— (COGSl t- 1> •* o G3 •":*^ "* : i-i CO CO : rH i-HTf(NIr-t^0003(MCOt-asO.-iOOO-*CDIr-0:D-cOC:cDCOC33(Mt-COQ005t-U3 ■ lO b- t- .-< Tt* ■^OiCD030(MCOOOOC003CDOCDCDi:^l-^t--CDr-(COirqcOi— i(Mi— lr-i"rJ1CSl"*03-^CD'rtlD- t-'^rHi-ico-^cococqio-HcoooocDOt^cococo T-ioio-^i-iTtios 1-ii-icq'* co fN cq ^ 1-1 rH .-1 1-1 1-1 cq c^ - c^ cq cq CO CO ^^ i^ 1^ 1— I 1— I r-l T— 1 I— ) O 00 coci i7q rH cq 1-1 1-1 Tt-os«— iOt-cocct~oi"*cqococoT-(cocDoocoocqcoi— (Oa;oscqTWtr-coiO"^rH 05i-iOiOOicoocqo>050iOcDoO'*cocDOcDCi 1-icocq-^i— ii— It- j-ti— icq"* co rH cq l-l rH i-H rH 1-1 rH rH cq rH rH cq cq cq cq i-l cq rH cq rn co rH rn CO rH cq cq rH ^»b^ fi Bja^rS a a Sj I-H ^«l §"21; -St s-a 3 9 3 ^ J3 o o o en « Ca « ctn 1 >. tk li> !>. ■kA 4A 4^ -*;> E-iHE-iEhEhEhEh6-iehEhH aai-i'ga^i-i" ''^ i^*H ed EO tn « .^ 238 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. POPULATION OF IOWA, By Counties. COUNTIES. AGGBEGATE. 1875. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. Voters. Adair 7045 7832 19158 2370 17405 28807 22913 17251 13220 17315 3561 3982 4614 17868 16456 1212 22454 21706 14584 12528 17034 1585 984 1533 12237 11931 454 8496 8244 4232 4916 7906 57 1616 1727 3653 777 3131 Appanoose 527 3679 Benton 672 '135 735 4778 Black Hawk 4877 3615 2656 517 3890 Buena Vista 817 Butler 11734 3185 5760 10552 17879 6685 4249 11400 10118 3559 27184 34295 6039 14386 15757 13249 16893 35415 1748 43845 1436 20515 13100 6558 13719 7028 8134 9638 7701 1482 15029 11818 21594 7875 3455 794 17456 23061 24128 17127 24654 19168 9951 1602 2451 5464 19731 4722 1967 10180 8735 1523 27771 35357 2530 12019 15565 12018 17432 27256 1389 38969 1392 16973 10768 4738 11173 4627 6399 7061 6055 999 13684 8931 21463 6282 2596 226 16644 22619 22116 17839 24898 19731 3724 147 281 1612 12949 940 58 4336 5427 52 20728 18938 383 5244 13764 8677 11024 19611 180 31164 105 12073 3744 1309 5074 1374 793 3058 1699 179 5440 3621 18701 3168 332 43 8029 18493 9883 15038 17573 13306 2598 681 Carroll 1197 Cass 2422 Cedar 3941 1253 3934 Cerro Gordo 1526 1001 Chickasaw 2392 Clarke 79 2213 868 3873 2822 1101 821 5272 5569 1244 854 7264 965 1759 12988 3170 3448 2882 168 5577 3662 6654 894 10841 3059 8759 Emmett 299 825 4637 Floyd 2884 1374 Fremont 1244 2998 1622 Grundy 1525 2339 1455 803 3215 2658 8707 3772 4641 1712 Humboldt 695 172 Iowa 822 7210 1280 9904 4472 3007 3576 1411 4901 5239 2773 1491 471 3721 Johnson 5225 4180 * In 1862, name changed to Lyon. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 239 COUNTIES. AGQKEGATE. 1875. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. Voters. 20488 3765 33913 31815 12499 11725 1139 16030 23718 24094 19629 10555 11523 2267 12811 10389 21623 2349 1778 14274 2728 5282 2249 31558 21665 16482 7546 2873 39763 5664 3720 13111 18771 10418 8827 17980 18541 19269 23865 13978 13114 24233 2986 8568 4908 3244 19434 3351 38210 28852 12877 10388 221 13884 22508 24436 17576 8718 9582 3654 12724 5934 21688 715 13271 416 29232 18947 10370 5766 4822 4202 773 Lee 18861 5444 4939 471 6093 1373 1927 5709 7274 2899 2464 287 7339 14816 16813 6015 4481 3409 832 8612 1256 16444 8 1179 5989 5482 338 2632 5287 4988 4445 Mills 2365 Mitchell 2338 1292 2884 2743 2485 Muscatine 5731 1942 6588 O'Brien .... 595 498 Paire 9975 1336 2199 1446 27857 16893 15581 5691 1411 38599 2540 576 11651 16131 6989 6986 17672 22346 17980 18952 11287 10484 1562 23570 6172 2892 2392 4419 132 148 103 11625 4968 5668 2923 246 25959 818 10 4051 5285 3590 2012 17081 14518 10281 14236 6409 2504 168 13942 1119 756 653 551 3222 556 1136 464 Polk 4513 7828 615 6842 4392 3634 1496 Sac .... 657 5986 2140 7109 Shelby . 1084 637 Story 2574 8 204 3911 Taylor 2282 1924 Van Buren 12270 8471 961 4957 340 6146 3893 3923 Warren 4168 1594 5346 Wayne 2947 Webster... 3747 Winnebago ; 4117 546 406 Woodbury , 1776 Worth 763 Wright 694 43112 Total ; 1353118 1191792 674913 192214 284557 ' Formerly Bnncombe. 240 THE NOKTHWESTERN STATES. ILLINOIS. Length, 380 miles, mean width about 166 miles. Area, 55,410 square miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois,- as regards its surface, constitutes a table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — 1;he Ohio (forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature standing at about 51° Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and fdb't- crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union.f Stock- raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- ing scale. The lines of railroad in- the State are among the most exten- sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties;; the chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb Asylum at .lacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for (99) THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 241 Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,838 unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th^. whole of the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements formed the nucleus was, in 1768, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818 ; and now sends 19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 242 THE NOKTHWESTBEN STATES. INDIANA, The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis (the capital), Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State Treasury. The entire public debt, January 6, 1871, $3,971,000. This State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was' by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was, the theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up, with railroad, canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the nme being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 243 works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. Population, 1,680^637. IOWA. In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram; has a length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important as occupjdng a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, and esculent roots; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, i244 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. MICHIGAN. United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 60 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, $13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of land to 1266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are cliief among the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 245 signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. WISCONSIN. It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. Land area, 63,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as. on the west side the banks of the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the Menomouee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi empty the St. Crojx, Chippewa, Bl^k, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. The chief interior lakes are those or Winnebago, Horicon, and Court Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm Summers. Mean, annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum, 246 THE NORTHWESTERN- STATES. and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- sisted of improved land, and 3,487,442 were timbered. Cash value of farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933'; of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, $45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- ing 39,055 hands, and tui'ning out productions valued at $85,624,906. The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Pr.drie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton; and the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author^ ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and German brigin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became indepenp ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of tribal relations. THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 247 MINNESOTA. Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its oreadtli one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and"prairies, drained by an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a superfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, icalcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated^ that of an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled logs amounting to 813,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which the chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ; this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 24:8 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to Englaudi ' Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory- transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and. May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federatioii; of States. Population, 439,706. NEBRASKA. Maximum length, 412 miles; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west division, near the base of the Rockj' Mountains, is a sandy belt of country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constitutingjts en- tire east line of demarcation; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara,- the Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals, the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 249 Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 67 counties, independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln (State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, the total assessed value of property amounted to $53, 000, 000, being an increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was $77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1854, Nebraska entered the Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. iniNTIJfft PEAIEIE WOLVES IX AN IJAKLY DAY. 250 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICi' AND ITS AMENDMENTS. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect unioi establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the commo defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings oflihert to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitutio for the United States of America. Article I. Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested i: a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate an- House of Representatives. Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem hers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and th electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors c the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to th age of twenty-five yearsj and been seven years a citizen of the Unite< States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state i: which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the se\ eral states which may be included within this Union, according to thei respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whol number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term c years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the firs meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. Th number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousanc but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until sue enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitle to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvs nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina fivf and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, th Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill sue vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and othe officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of tw Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shallbe assembled in consequence of the firs election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classei The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expin AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 251 tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that oue-third may be .chosen CYery second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The- Vice-President of the United States shall be President of th Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other of&cers, a,nd also a President fro tempore, ia the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. ' Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and quaUfications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason. 252 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bUls. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representativesand the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President - the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- itations prescribed in the case of a bill. Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United kjtates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws od the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the piinishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads ; AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 253 To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries ; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against tlie law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules, eoncerning captures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for ii longer term than two years ; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the mihtia according to the disci^ pUne prescribed by Congress ; To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- ment or officer thereof. Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev enue to the ports of one state over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 254 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- ation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such la,ws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Article II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [*The Electors shall meet in. their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of RepT resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the Prefldent, * This clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendm^u^ AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 255 the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- dent.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that of&ce who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- lowing oath or affirmation: " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of "the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Sec. 2. The'President shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; be may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- cur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, lihall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 256 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Article III. Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a ^tate shall be a party, the Suprenie Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be bj jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be conyicted of treason unless on the tes- timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. Article IV. Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 257 the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicr.on of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of tlie Execu- tive (when the Legislature can'not be convened), against domestic vio- lence. Aeticle V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. Article VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 258 CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. Aeticle VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution, between the states so ratifying the same. Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the tweKth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia. New Hampshire. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Goeham, RuFus King. Connecticut. Wm. Sam'l Johnson, ROGEE ShEEMAN. New York, Alexandee Hamilton. New Jersey. "WiL. Livingston, Wm. Pateeson, David. Beeakley, JoNA. Dayton. Pennsylvania. B. Feanklin, robt. mokeis, Thos. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thos. Mifflin, Geo. Clymee, Jaeed Ingeesoll, gouv. mokeis. Delaware. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Beoom, ^jtUnning Bedfoed, Je., Richaed Bassett. Maryland. James M'Heney, Danl. Caeeoll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifee. Virginia. John Blaie, James Madison, Je. North Carolina. Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. South Carolina. j. rutledge, Chaeles Pinckney, ChAS. CoTESWOETH PiNCKNEr, PlEECE BuTLEE. Georgia. William Few, Abe. Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AND ITS AMBKDMENTS. 259 Abtiolbs in Addition to and Amendatoey op the Constij'ution OF THE United States op Amekioa. Proposed by Congress and ratified hy the Legislatures of. the several states, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. Article I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or- abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Akticle II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Article III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- scribed by law. Article IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or af&rmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Article V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by. an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Article VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fa:Ct 260 CONSTITUTION 01" THE UNITED STATES tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Article VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Article IX. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Article X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved, to the states respectively, or to the people. Article XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub-, jects of any foreign state. Article XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person to be .voted for as president, and in distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to, a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 263 ityj then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice7President of the United States. Aeticle XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation. Article XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age a,nd citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or iinder any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 264 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Article XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. VOTE FOE, GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 1876. COTJMTIES. 1877. Governor. 1876. President. COCNTIES. 1877. Governor. 1S76. President, Kep. Dem. Gr. Pro. Bep. Dem. Eep. Dem. Gr. Pro. Bep. Dem. 982 876 1547 1166 410 1432 1780 1612 1180 1290 747 1453 418 633 1692 1315 903 562 1279 1054 517 1873 2444 898 1541 893 1269 1226 2316 197 1587 213 1933 1283 1311 1260 1031 909 1160 842 340 1492 1348 1770 551 382 321 1132 1619 1977 1396 161 397 1640 1049 352 712 1111 981 582 769 192 758 75 744 839 1093 348 74 1107 267 16 1770 2327 651 215 1231 961 1143 1384 8 3415 28 1067 208 336 1331 216 504 496 265 96 661 861 424 647 149 54 1120 1966 1164 7.53 581 486 69 729 26 567 ( 96 466 196 725 161 19 171 141 116 206 72 383 37 813 20 66 286 19 1241 803 31U 32 767 16 38 36 32 1334 1376 1709 1711 427 2901 2979 2018 1737 2227 770 1828 622 799 1876 2328 1274 861 1574 1405 567 2662 3654 1043 2136 1586 1647 2233 3325 259 2798 246 3029 2032 1178 1658 1310 1099 1434 1187 281 2162 1657 2809 1194 623 212 1870 2126 3375 2166 693 626 1646 1419 362 1356 1592 1305 767 1416 200 780 196 771 979 1446 448 175 1090 816 94 2621 3398 638 752 1631 1282 1466 2917 48 4977 36 1709 751 379 1682 510 417 629 425 99 980 1386 1485 600 183 67 1348 2185 1804 1449 1884 1868 1772 463 2157 2024 l-:28 1203 261 1792 1823 1976 1448 1436 1396 680 1034 1122 1763 306 296 1166 311 779 370 3171 2228 1496 964 656 3031 888 436 1260 1426 1325 899 1490 17iO 1726 1687 1316 850 644 2074 1109 628 391 2345 1218 1526 236 2863 2316 817 804 17 1077 10S6 1866 837 1102 459 119 928 441 1775 21 40 608 357 487 93 1885 2069 882 71 128 1963 639 132 344 833 293 516 1305 1029 944 1221 832 127 40 1009 867 132 106 18 14 322 13 360 75 89 103 9 616 1011 760 389 98 36 432 247 632 171 201 13 348 273 68 105 89 299 685 108 12 14 56 596 95 504 28 3G 9 20 47 387 14 33 293 3 39 36 94 121 346 47 13 37 16 2346 2691 2364 638 3160 4331 1920 1478 262 2246 3221 2736 3036 1452 1663 713 1418 1749 2523 463 329 224.3 343 835 374 4321 2565 2609 1246 661 3819 897 439 1843 2337 1727 1238 2113 3563 1763 Allamakee Appanoose Keokuk 1862 227 Lee 3682 Benton ^... Black Hawk 449 244 10 1 2-23 20 95 74 11 30 416 40 86 94 19 67 167 66 111 80 12 19 625 6 12 53 3917 1008 1044 46 Madison 1538 Buena Vista 1701 2304 Marshall 1189 Carroll Mills 1165 Mitchell 671 304 Cerro Gordo 1246 Montgomery 759 Chickasaw 2076 O'Brien 116 59 861 Clinton 833 77 44 1353 218 420 671 177 309 3 49 644 196 868 830 301 1266 742 303 404 1421 SOj Dallas Pocahontas Polk 141 Davis 238J Pottawattamie.... MU 1083 422 16s 406 Scott 2853 Shelby 631 889 162 16 334 551 27 30 10 220 Floyd Story 187 133 679 1317 676 27 8 21 57 2 154 19 140 519 64 63 130 296 101 112 3 47 795 1661 Guthrie 364 422 29 238 623 1041 201 116 104 642 224 1018 676 Wapello 2582 2412 1692 1299 498 2759 1034 703 674 131S Washington Wayne 1508 Hardin 1341 987 Henry 39 Winneshiek 279 226 8 117 238 9 14 98 1617 997 Ida 1« 228 15 20' 109 Wright \m Totals 121.646 42193 79J53 34228 10639 171311 59211 112121 Jefferson 1 Majorities Total vote, 1877, 246,766 , 1876 (including3949 Greenback), 292,943. VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. District. Bep. Dem. B. Maj. Total. Maj. '74. • District. Bep. Dem. B. Maj. Total. lttaj.'74. I 17188 16439 17123 20770 19274 18778 14814 14G83 10100 9379 11154 14719 2374 1766 1323 11391 8120 4069 32002 31122 33523 30149 30428 33497 D. 1863 B. 657 D. 63 B. 3824 E.5243 E. 2724 VII 19496 19358 19583 11688 15236 10583 7808 4122 8980 31184 34694 30146 B.2300 It VIII K. 2127 in IX B.5849 TV V ; 168289 118366 49933 *292111 VI Total vote, 1874, 184,040 ; aggregate Republican mnjority, 24,524. *Inclu(ling 5,466 Greenback votes. Practical Rules for Every Day Use. How to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling price are given. Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which will be the gain or loss. Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. How to change gold into currency. Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. How to change currency into gold. Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. How to find each partner^ s share of the gain or loss in a copartnership Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- tient will be the gain or loss per cent. Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each one's share of the gain or loss. How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa. Note. — It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent. of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight incresTged by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the gross weight. , To find the net weight or gross price. Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) To find the gross weight or net price. Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed. Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point off one decimal place. How to find the contents of a corn-crib. Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or (265) 266 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. by 4J ordinary method, and point off ONE decimal place — the result wil] be the answer in bushels. Note.— In estimating corn in tlie ear, tlie quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken Into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holflj good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. Sow to find the contents of a cistern or tank. Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off onb decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. How to fi/nd the contents of a barrel or cask. Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in eevee?3D order, so that its units will fall under the tens ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. How to measure hoards. Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. How to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc. Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. How to find the number of acres in a body of land. Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall. Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards-. How to find the number of bricks required in a building. Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height nd thickness (in feet) together. Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. How to find the number of shingles required in a roof. Rule. — ^Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 4i inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 267 To find the length of the rafters, at one-foukth pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-thied pitch, by ,6 (tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration. Note.— By 3^ or )^ pitch Is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to he X or >g the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters. Mow to reckon the cost of hay. Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left. How to measure grain. Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left. Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by multiplying the number of bushels by 8. If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai corn to make 1 of shelled corn. Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments. In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square j'ards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres. The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in line. Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure. Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger ol the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width heing given, Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 268 MTSCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given. Rule. — ^Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left. The diameter being given, to find the circumference. Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given. Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. To find hoiv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared. Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. G-eneral rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. Howard s new rule for computing interest. Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left. Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. KOTE.— The reciprocal of the rate is found hy inTerting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, in- verted, becomes K of a month, or 10 days. When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones. Hulefor converting English into American currency. Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. A township — 36 sections each a mile square. A section — 640 acres. A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter, of a mile wide — 80 acres. A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATIO^T. 269 The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner. The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case- might be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 1 92-100 inches make 1 link. 25 links " 1 rod. 4rods '■ 1 chain. 80 chains " 1 mile. Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet. Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which "made an inch. Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches — called a hand. In Biblical and other old measurements,' the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches. The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. The i3ommon cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. A fathom is equal to 6 feet. A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league. In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers. 270 MISCELLAKEOTJS INPOEMATION. 1875. A. H. JACKSON. Dr. Cr. Jan. 10 To u 17 By Feb. 4 To a 4 To Marct 8 By a 8 By u 13 By (fc a? To April 9 To u 9 By May 6 By a a4 To July 4 By 7 bushels Wheat . . - . shoeing span of Horses.. 14 bushels Oats I 5 lbs. Butter. new Harrow sharpening 3 Plows new Double-Tree Cow and Calf half ton of Hay. . ^ . Cash - repairing Corn-Planter.. one Sow with Pigs _ _ Cash, to balance account. .at $1.35 $8 .at $ .46 .at .25 48 6 17 12 18 2 25 4 35 50 00 40 25 00 75 15 05 1875. CASS A MASON. Dr. Cr. March 21 11 21 u 23 May 1 1 June 19 (t 26 July 10 39 Aug. 12 12 Sept. By 3 days' labor at $1.25 To 2 Shoats at 3.00 To 18 bushels Corn. .at .45 By 1 month's Labor To Cash • By 8 days' Mowing. at $1.50 To 50 lbs. Flour •_ To 27 lbs. Meat at $ .10 By 9 days' Harvesting... at 2.00 By 6 days' Labor at 1.50 To Cash.. . To Cash to balance account .". 10 2 2 20 18 75 $3 25 12 18 9 167 75 00' 75 INTEREST TABLE. A Simple Bulx: for aocuratblt COMPUTirro Interest at Awy Gtvex Pku Csjtt. for Awy LEHOTH OF Time. Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product : by the gttotleni obtained hy dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent, of interest^ andthe quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. ILLnSTBATION. Kequlre the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An interest month is 30 days ; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multl- S462.50 .48 pliedby .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent, of Interest) gives 60, and paS'J.OOOO divided by 60 win give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of 370000 mterest In the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 186000 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per— 1 cent., by 45: and in like manner for any otber per cent. 60 y $222.0000(83. 70- 180 420 00 MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 1 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. I 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 12 dozen, 1 Gross. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 80 quires paper 1 Ream. „ . 20 things, I Score. | 56 pounds, 1 Flrldn of Butter. 4 ft. wide, 4 r. higb, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Woew Grenada Chill Switzerland Peru Bolivia Argentine Republic Wurtemburg Denmark Venezuela Baden Greece Guatemala Ecuador Paraguay ;;;; Hesse Liberia San Salvador ■.■.■."" Haya Nicaragua Uruguay ; Honduras San Domingo CostaElca....... Hawaii 446,500.000 226,817,108 81,925,400 38,925,600 36,469,800 35,904,400 34,785,300 31,817,100 29,906,098 27,439,981 16,642,000 10,000.000 16,463,000 9,173.000 5,921,500 5,000.000 5,021,300 4,861,400 3,995,200 3,688,300 3,000,000 2,000,000 2,669,100 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,812,000 1,818,500 1,784,700 1,500,000 1,461,400 1,457,900 1,180,000 1,300,000 1,000,000 823,138 718,000 600,000 578,000 350,000 300,000 350,000 136,000 165,000 62,950 1871 1871 1871 1870 1866 1869 1871 1871 1871 1871 1867 1869 1870 1870 1869 1871 1868 1870 1870 1869 1870 1871 ■i869 1871 1870 ■1871 1870 1871 isii 'iaii 1871 'isii 1871 1871 'isVo 3,741,846 4,677,432 8.003,778 •^,603,884 204,091 240,348 149,399 121,-315 160,207 118,847 195,775 3,253,089 673,681 761,586 298,871 635,964 11,373 29,292 34,494 12,680 357,157 132,616 15,992 471,838 497,381 871,848 7,533 14,753 368,238 5,912 19,353 40,879 218,938 63,787 8,969 9,576 7,335 10,205 58,171 66,723 47,098 17,827 21,505 7.633 119.3 48.6 10.2 7.78 178.7 149.4 238.8 868.3 187. 230.9 8b. 3.07 ' 24.4 20. 7.8 441.5 165.9 115.8 290.9 8.4 15.1 166.9 5.3 4. 8.1 241.4 130.9 4.2 247. 75.3 28.9 5.9 15.6 877. 74.9 81.8 56. 6. 6.5 7.4 7.6 7.7 80. Pekln London St. Petersburg.. Washington — Paris Vienna Yeddo London Berlin Rome Madrid Rio Janeiro Constantinople . Mexico Stockholm Teheran Brussels Munich Lisbon Hague Bogota Santiago Berne Lima Chuquisaca Buenos Ayres... Stuttgart Copenhagen Caraccas Carlsruhe AtBens Guatemala Quito Asuncion Darmstadt Monrovia Sal Salvador . . . , Port au Prince Managua Monte Video... Comayagua San Domingo... San Jose Honolulu STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) No. of Acres of Ira- proved Land. No. of Acres Unim- proved Land. No. of Acres under Culti- vation in 1874. Spring Wheat. Acres. Harv't'd Winter 'Wheat. ■K,. .. No. of Acve°s' Bushels Indian Corn. No. of Bushels Oats. No. of Acres, No. of Bushels Harv'td Value of Products of Farm In Dollars, Appanoose Alamakee AudnboD Adams Adair Buena Vista . Benton Boone Butter Bremer Black Hawk. . Buchanan Clay Cherokee Caas Crawford Cedar Cerro Gordo... Clayton Clijiton Chickasaw Carroll Clarke Calhoun Davis Decatur DubUQU3 Des Moines Delaware Dickinson Dallas Emmet Floyd Fayette Franklin Fremont Grundy Green Guthrie Hardin Humholdt Howard Harrison... Hancock Hamilton Henry Ida Iowa Jackson Johnson Jasper Jones Jefferson Keokuk Kossuth Lee..,' Lucas Lyon Lmn Louisa Mitchell Mahaska Marion Mills Madison Monroe Marshall Monona Muscatine Montgomery. . . O'Brien Osceola Polk Fochahontas... Pottawattomle Powesheik Page Plymouth Palo Alto Binggold Scott Story Shelby Sioux. Sac Taylor Tama Union Van Buren "Wayne Warren Wiuneshelk "Woodbury "Worth Washington — "Webster "Winnebago Wright Wapello Totals, . 161059 134767 21H6 65J59 83132 33118 29T518 156937 149-198 1J5967 213023 19036 37059 51638 110864 58038 248869 529S0 212291 299835 96304 58065 93694 26996 150M8 115?61 187831 143665 472029 15770 132435 9989 147098 179504 69859 115907 146039 59940 87259 128831 29114 115823 94848 10462 63966 182080 7292 191041 193290 241021 278831 208907 167389 208125 31550 183832 108952 15872 281118 151007 199669 141512 161998 102215 223735 52-242 178945 104633 33626 18190 207689 21928 124630 156782 58233 18317 18400 285516 148649 63180 39824 81336 102861 235182 57005 153674 147766 194265 246140 44179 48927 225176 97238 17589 35316 150209 161083 156821 23819 43735 53680 S7034 33911 71810 58908 47001 150881 71418 45304 283414 41417 309895 131908 57337 94772 309744 50487 125188 1I600S 87ir2 98561 68165 62303 29830 57765 23586 82130 98156 43J46 47926 49838 4T220 39930 36906 171048 337451 341615 39933 50249 9494 89337 142401 71257 179762 63298 66979 98999 48793 78692 59757 318841 62649 52922 70I7I 122490 82779 33604 183709 78206 47352 56278 48332 3060-; 32070 31406 56841 33572 419489 48697 175471 51912 32225 58929 19123 43874 39326 367394 47201 235515 90222 33216 99528 66795 167178 131670 57'" 45957 55652 61744 63491 15986 54332 66265 27010 239408 108642 124877 104810 181236 157240 33375 46412 92786 45262 166JKi 48648 173622 74104 26618 13159'i 952T5 146244 97618 161357 11961 114625 8387 110708 133758 65590 135108 32323 76892 97766 27013 61871 72287 90O5 52030 110881 6514 158488 142401 193019 216949 140684 1-23590 149672 28835 133380 88837 12766 173655 100066 I 94138 150368 133214 99837 137979 91730 117303 39344 129699 86026 26434 14651 140450 19219 90679 17 1588 115484 41379 16679 50373 185742 99387 47-230 33315 24179 79442 214941 45826 113268 117689 163737 32137 157884 70910 12421 28957 135173 9606 61880 6876 17947 27550 16514 99406 32505 57907 48878 89361 64291 17481 31693 40123 21000 4046- 28199 40162 26756 17968 11040 5378 8211 4»240 10615 60401 5701 29256 3911 62067 60779 310% 132-29 67384 19391 27489 38464 12046 36115 23948 4839 20676 15026 3109 48410 43615 45306 79926 36090 16237 83278 10798 10961 13954 8132 52178 19764 65634 34362 45186 24385 37553 11638 69395 15381 32375 1381 14904 7434 83369 57312 22689 33628 8606 10326 47698 26658 2-2029 22996 11036 15116 97013 10396 7153 10375 42175 112173 13243 23092 41646 30554 8939 18629 17368 162737 429257 779167 644795 1108024 812342 153159 401507 324894 640644 415463 1S05125 1010345 643519 S40161 217090 109631 634133 113896 71728 25822 445848 1510 911439 863670 206901 976607 257760 393574 497251 20902 143701 70006 294682 180220 48815 670247 550000 666779 1107170 462478 164904 131S9 72624 153687 76742 656597 1083811 5-29663 342961 628314 101413 1125382 183811 416471 551539 157526 74757 30774 688971 762826 S55792 442736 23208 78851 S17944 251286 110094 206813 1437807 141188 58808 76346 654679 181346( 2-.fl875 410487 469879 S91051 162281 196166 157535 1049 181 10 7 70 1347 12 S 3 7 10 5379 817 84 8688 5 205 189 82 25 1220 10 323 125 40 244 53 10928 143 61 1439 5 11 10838 1964 97 174 3500 1617 29S 21030 428 63 20 55 160 56405 12239 1720 117310 60 7' 186 46 968 841 16625 2 22 44 360 _ 84 1200 9041 113203 36- 491 100 1080 7942 1274 31 6192 148 IJO 15400 31 409 66739 1363 ■'260467' S-29 54 160 16267 12 1388 2-212 543 5534 200 394 ■475 20235 160 1762 618 20 121854 1236 910 14193 '"276' "16159 12627850 8410435 9354905 3690711 42669731 69188 759-277 4700176 186284342 982994 29144352*131536747 64871 24325 9225 25474 83244 46151 38685 28754 56592 48831 8797 9459 40582 17957 78224 9512 37948 89297 16821 16014 39066 10656 62127 50484 67118 102924 56150 3183 57652 2197 26462 37091 24066 73845 40175 783037 38902 41304 9998 9916 44720 2067 20441 62672 2301 82518 53962 77142 100217 65423 55061 76697 9781 59863 47022 2615 91773 49642 11274 88775 84630 59643 69494 45576 67699 21577 54760 39251 6379 2610 77497 8981 47258 86748 71386 10097 6641 36613 59071 51273 17674 6780 8662 48260 73-251 24063 50211 66625 80280 27185 14647 8530 73265 28713 1374 10089 57035 969777 1402428 1595752 1270878 1939590 1811250 180120 315216 1901062 266443 1471263 3061338 514-J79 550041 1580260 3511-20 2115569 1763140 1702391 2307938 1690d35 44455 14273 642448 1296480 1703985 783027 1669134 1379961 297381 307912 1620192 51 670731 2415670 108165 2713830 1665518 3138178 4523989 1909334 1695510 S82T282 119777 2190306 190-2580 10396 2184658 411961 3768209 1633976 2953630 1- 1715973 1441467 106052 17279 8272040 229263 1760038 3571 106 2239043 175778 142957 1145937 2-226346 1783177 689556 82038 279716 1419680 2812859 1130980 2405187 8561365 977316 490371 122291 2832241 917911 52425 281821 2143791 13756 12776 788 8951 4453 2791 13490 10401 13827 14259 16804 17431 4436 3545 9079 2902 20243 7199 20024 23704 11744 3238 12337 10565 25113 9242 20677 2403 9937 1549 15461 20770 9532 5419 11786 4227 4146 10982 3974 10210 3462 1363 5108 13393 455 11756 23652 17760 15267 18260 14005 15682 5143 11817 12665 3477 22670 6792 14078 16646 10937 6628 8743 11512 13611 2304 13287 6322 3107 1390 12188 2541 6278 11416 9768 4161 2979 9118 15915 11273 2254 4691 803S 8718 13574 6127 12596 13242 8391 24307 3072 4445 15701 7491 1327 4134 11570 387346 442829 33233 141293 1697f' 6701. 446070 404620 421719 518571 538196 556209 98766 115593 176281 99158 675837 702059 446300 1075T7 367643 73182 346707 344351 632113 87282 336124 3241 487729 704407 328679 179645 401948 120948 153505 356945 90914 14060 819071 521156 se>m 447608 27857 279069 342164 13789 585648 175755 512662 496248 285103 241081 465245 66475 406662 201685 431841 40494 168081 S33565 346507 120437 343265 7in6 384469 187748 281510 8216508 91647 161557 4583-20 207493 45109 135176 ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed oMecommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence 'must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed. In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be 'Considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated. INTEREST. The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. DESCENT. The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, as exempt from execution; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate. • One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 276 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased wife. The widow's share cannot be affected by any wiH of her husband's, unless she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- visions of the will. The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband or surviving wife. Subject to the above., the remaining estate of which the decedent died siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their deceased parents in equal shares among them. Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- ants. Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, or child or children, or descendants of the same. Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to like rules. Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no childj parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- ble for extra services. Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall direct. Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 277 Claims are classed and payable in the following order : 1. Expenses of administration. 2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 3. Allowance to widow and ctildren, if made by the court. 4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 5. Public rates and taxes. 6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice given by the executors of their appointment. 7. All other debts. 8. Legacies. The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of the deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. TAXES. The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are liaile for the taxes thereon. The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead ; fire engines and all implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the assessment. 2. The books, papfers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions; used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- dents in any such institution, used for their education. 3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- scribed by their charter. 4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous to the listing ; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 278 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and subject to reversal by them. 6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars in value. 7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or forest trees or hedges. Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only as is not covered by insurance. All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting ofiBcer, partner, mortgagor or lessor, mortgagee or lessee. Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adjar cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such pubhc purpose. The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty per centum of such amount immediately added as penalty, with ten per cent, interest per annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per cent, interest as before. If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder ef certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 281 JURISDICTION OF COURTS DISTRICT COURTS have jurisdiction, general arid original, both civil and criminal, except in such cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. CIRCUIT COURTS have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction in matters of estates and general probate business. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, committed within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does' not exceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. Those against a public officer within three (3) years. Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within five (5) years. Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within ten (10) years. Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, within twenty (20) years. All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed — time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be included in computing any of the above periods. Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to bring action. JURORS. All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors in their respective counties. United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 282 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act as jurors. Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with the jury to inflict it or not. A MARRIED WOMAN may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- vey, encumber, control or contract. She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband may. Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. . She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying ground not exceeding one acre ; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse is exempt as hereinafter provided; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom," and the materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of twelve hundred dollars; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. . Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. ABSTKACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 283 There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty acres; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvenients, value not limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase money thereof. Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five dollars in value. A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. ESTRAYS. An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace such notice, and shall make afiidavit where such estray was taken up. Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for ge done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated as an estray. Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go .before a Justice of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, description of the size, age, color, Sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- plied with the law and paid costs. An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and moderation. If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to comply with the law regarding estrays. or use or work it contrary to above, or work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more than five days atone time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall foifeit to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with costs. If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comolete title vests in the finder. 284 ABSTRACT OF IdWA STATE LAWS. But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. WOLF SCALPS. A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. MARKS AND BRANDS. Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person residing in his township. DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. When any person's lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of distraint. When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, the party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part thereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1 and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- cuit Court. Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. FENCES. A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other f&ce which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence- provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- teen inches from the ground. The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain pai tition fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found ilisuf- ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 285 ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same within such time as they judge reasonable. If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, the complainant may deniand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per cent a month interest, by action. In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double damages. No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- tion fences. Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and recover as above. And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor six months' notice thereof. Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the other party ; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove crops. MECHANICS' LIENS. Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor done or materials furnished. It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 286 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by affidavit. A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as above. Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- pal contractor, thirty days for a sub- contractor, as above; and that actions to enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much better be done with an attorney. ROADS AND BRIDGES. Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one half of the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- ing five dollars. The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding thirty days. It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at one time, without their consent. Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lefsee or agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway,, and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walic across any such bridge. The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known to all township oiEcers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) When the petition is filed, ell necessary and succeeding steps will be shown and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 287 ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be acknowledged. The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- with. Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, twenty-five cents. SUPPORT OF POOR. The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- ship Trustees. In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain a poor person, who has made application ,for relief, apply to the Circuit Court for an order to compel the same. Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor person. 288 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the Circuit Court. When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into possession such estate. The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, wife or husband. If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and the property taken returned. The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. LANDLORD AND TENANT. A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need not be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. But where an express agreenient is made, whether reduced to writing or not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the term. The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ ABSTEACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 289 of attachment, upon filing an aflBdavit that the action is commenced to rcover rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the affidavit. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 Osage Orange Seed 32 Millet Seed 45 Stone Coal 80 Lime 80 Corn in the ear 70 Wheat 60 Potatoes 60 Beans 60 Clover Seed 60 Onions 57 Shelled Corn , 56 Rye 56 Flax Seed 56 Sweet Potatoes 46 Sand 130 Sorghum Seed 30 Broom Corn Seed 30 Buckwheat 52 Salt 50 Barley 48 Corn Meal 48 Castor Beans 46 Timothy Seed 45 Hemp Seed 44 Dried Peaches 33 Oats 33 Dried Apples 24 Bran 20 Blue Grass Seed 14 Hungarian Grass Seed-. 45 Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. % means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now. United States Currency. & means pounds, English money. @ stands for at or to; K) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; '^ for per or iy the. Thus, Butter sells at 20@30c '^ Bb, and Flour at $8@$12 f bbl. % for per cent, and J for number. May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1.25, " seller June." Seller June means that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any time during the month of June. Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls." as it is for their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 290 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. NOTES. Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and •sme of payment are mentioned : $100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- dred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- stituted for money in the above form. ORDERS. Orders should be worded simply, thus : Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to F. D. SiLVA. RECEIPTS. Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : $100. . Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. Thomas Brady. If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. BILLS OF PURCHASE. W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. Bought of A. A. Graham. 4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00 2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 Received payment, $6 60 A. A. Graham. CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. -, Iowa, , 18 — . after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, interest at same rate and conditions. / A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the whole note to become due and collectable at once. If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, ^ shall be allowed as attorney fees. No. — . P. 0. , . CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. — VS. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 291 sum of dollars, and the further sum of f as attorney fees, with interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — herehy confess judgment against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , and ? as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . Said debt and judgment being for . It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution for this judgment. Dated , 18 — . . The State of Iowa, \ County. ) being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said as aforesaid. Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said ■ this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, of this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered by the thirtieth of November. And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton as soon as delivered. 292 ABSTKACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first above written. John Jones, Thomas Whiteside. agreement with clerk for services. This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by the said Stone to the said Barclay. Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. George Barclay. BILLS OF SALE. A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The 'purchaser must take actual possession of the property, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged and recorded. COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, th& receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and every person whatsoever. In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. Louis Clay. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 293 NOTICE TO QUIT. To John Wontpay : You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now occupy to wit : {Insert Description.'] on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. [Reverse for Notice to Landlord.] GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- tament, in manner following, to-wit : First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the Townshfp of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold unto, my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio; and also, each one quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, and recorded in my name in the Recorder's oflSce, in the county where such land is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. Fourth. 1 give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law — said farm, being my present place of residence. Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said father. Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 294 ABSTRACT OP IOWA STATE LAWS. life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to mj above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son, Sidney H. Mansfield. I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- ever. In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred and seventy-two. Charles Mansfield Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. CODICIL. Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, Anna Louise, in the body of this will. In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, John C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa. {Form No. 1.) SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. State of Iowa, \ • County, / I, , of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the — day of , A- D. 18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on the following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State oi Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of , ABSTRACT UF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295 A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. . [seal.] State of Iowa, \ ^^ ^ So* :•}' County, Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above (satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature thereto to be voluntary act and deed. Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above written. . ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of , to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey the same ; and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for f , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an attorney's fee. for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. Signed to day of , A. D. 18—. [Acknowledge as in Form No, 1.] SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE . MORTGAGE. This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the county of . and State of , part of the first part, and of the county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, ha'/e granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : {Here insert description.) The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and convey all rights of homestead therein. This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- ditions, to-wit : First. Said first part agree to pay said or order Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this ■ mortgage shall stand as security for the same. Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said money, interest and costs. Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] FORM OF LEASE. This Article op Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of A. D. 187-, by and between , of the county of - State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of > and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 297 part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the folio-wing described premises, to wit : [Here insert descriplion-l for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187-, a; the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : \_Here insert Terms.~\ And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the same to be used, for any unlawful iDusiness or purpose whatever ; that will not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at the election of the party of the first part ; and that — will use all due care and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date first above written. In presence of FORM OF NOTE. r- — ,18-. On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest Within days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become due at once. 298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. CHATTEL MORTGAGE. Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of , County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the following described personal property, now in the possession of in the county and State of , to wit : [^Here insert Description.'] And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This conveyance to he void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for the sum of dollars. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, including $ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. Signed the day of , 18 — . . [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] • WARRANTY DEED. Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : Iffere insert description.'] And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described premises. Signed the day of , A. D. 18—. IN presence of [Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 QUIT-CLAIM DEED. Know all Men by these Pkesents : That , of County, State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . Signed in Presence of [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] BOND FOR DEED. Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be paii to the said , his executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the sum of Dollars, One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- lows, to wit : [here insert description,*] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this agreement. On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor as above stipulated. [Acknowledge as in form No. l.J 300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. Any three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States, a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the ofiice of the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- ducted, a certificate in writing, in which shall be stated the name or title by which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first year of its existence. Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making .by- laws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law. The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or may be under the patronage, control, direction or supeirvision of any synod, con- ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, estabhshed agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, Directors or Managers; and when any such institution may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such by-laws. Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hola- ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any last will or testament of any person whatsoever ; but no person leaving a wife, ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 child or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or bequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships of which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such place therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet- ings ; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in this State. The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society in the county. The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated or continued. INTOXICATING LIQUORS. No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, within the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes only, provided he shall obtain the consent of the Board of Supervisors. In order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of good moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors. If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- three per cent, on the cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell, shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the Auditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased by him since the date of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of freights paid on the same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him since the date of his last report ; to whom sold ; for what purpose and at what price ; also the kind and quantity of liquors on haijd ; which report shall be sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, subject at all times to the inspection of the public. No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or heer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of parent, guardian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person or a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated. 302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. Any person -who shall mix any intoxicating liquor with any beer, wine or cider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture, shall be punished as for sale of intoxicating liquor. But nothing in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by the importer thereof of foreign intoxicating liquor, imported under the author- ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such liquors, and in accordance with such laws ; provided that such liquor, at the time of the sale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was by him imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the laws of the United States require such liquors to be imported, and is sold by him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. All payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the laws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, lands, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola- tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt thereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made on account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and void. Negotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable consideration, without notice of any illegality .in its inception or transfer, how- ever, shall not be affected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of land or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, without notice of any defect in the title of the person from whom the same was taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the aboYe provision. Every wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall be injured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or in consequence of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who shall, by selling intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication of such person, for all damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages. For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- stead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered, as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occupied and used by him, with consent and knowledge of owner, either for manufacturing or selling intox- icating liquors contrary to law, shall be liable. The only other exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability, is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six months, to be determined by the Township Trustee. No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous liquors shall be sold within two miles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at wholesale, for the purpose of shipment to places outside of such corporation and such two- mile limits. The power of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of liquors not prohibited by law is extended over the two miles. No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous liquors shall be sold on the day on which any election is held under the laws of this State, within two miles of the place where said election is held ; except only that any person holding a permit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- TION. The business of publishing books by subscription, having so often been brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations wo< authorized hy the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is made: A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described; the consid- eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the booh named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promi&e to pay, and not the too often exag- gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he is usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the princi- pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the same. All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can not be altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. It is therefore important that all persons contemplating subscribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, would examine carefully what it is ; if they can not read themselves call on some one disinterested who can. ABSTRACT OF VOTES CAST AT THE GENERAL (NOVEMBER) ELECTION OF 1876, IN FAYETTE COUNTY, IOWA. Electors AT LaRGB. Seceetaky OF State. Auditor of State. Treasurer OP State. Begisteb State Land Office. Attorney Senerai. Judge OF THE Supreme Court. TOWNSHIPS. a 1 ■ i •-s i "3 p to c s a C 1 a a a • 1 1 bo % 1 6 S 1 CD a o g g s d S5 a 13 fl a la 6 a 3 t> i 1 Hi 1 100 47 108 146 140 163 147 188 97 143 122 194: 85 239 128 59 126 327 390 120 163 22 27 61 20 1 47 88 138 42 43 122 107 57 106 81 39 46 139 192 45 lUO 47 108 146 140 163 147 192 97 143 122 158 87 240 128 69 125 327 392 120 153 22 27 61 206 47 108 139 43 44 122 109 59 105 32 39 48 140 191 49 llO 47 108 146 140 1G3 147 192 97 122 167 87 240 128 69 126 327 392 120 163 22 27 61 20G 47 108 27 43 44 122 109 59 105 32 39 47 140 191 49 100 47 rs 146 140 163 147 192 96 143 122 166 87 239 128 59 126 327 392 120 153 22 27 61 206 47 108 27 43 44 122 109 59 106 32 39 47 140 191 49 100 47 108 116 140 163 147 192 97 143 122 168 87 240 128 59 126 327 392 120 153 22 27 61 206 47 108 139 43 44 122 109 69 106 32 39 47 140 191 49 100 47 108 146 140 163 147 J 92 97 143 122 167 87 239 128 59 125 327 392 120 163 32 27 61 207 47 108 139 4! 44 122 106 69 106 32 39 47 140 191 49 ITl 47 108 146 14U 163 147 192 97 143 122 168 87 239 128 59 125 327 392 120 153 22 Bethel 27 61 206 47 jjden 108 139 43 44 Xilyria 122 109 Oran Pleasant Valley ... 69 106 32 Scott 30 Smithfield 47 ■Westfie'd 140 101 49 3,029 1,709 3,041 1,744 3,041 1,631 3,037 1,632 3,041 1,743 3,039 1,745 3,039 1,744 MajoritieB 1,320 1,297 1,410 1,406 1,298 1,294 1,296 ABSTRACT OF VOTES— Continued. Judge Su- j PREME Court (to fill TiLcaacy ) TOWNSHIPS. Auburn Banks Bethel Center Clermont Dover Eden ...; Falrfleld Fremont Harlan Illyria , Jefferson Oran Pleasant Valley.. Putnam Scott Smlthfleld Westfleld West Union Windsor SuPT. Public Instruction 100 47 108 146 140 163' 147i 1921 97, 143 122 168 87 239 128 69 125 327 392 120 153 22 27 01 206 47 108 139 43 44 122 109 59 105 32 30 47 140 191 . 49 100 47 108 146 140: 163 146 121 98 143 122 169 87 239 148 59 125 327 392 120 Member of Clerk of the Congress. Courts. 97 47 108 146 136 163 145 178 95 143 112 164 87 236 128 68 125 329 393 120 165 22 27 61 212 ■ 47 111 151 45 44 132 112 69 112 31 40 46 139 194 49 108 47 108 145 143 165 145 198 97 143 123 162 87 241 121 61 125 330 427 119 27 , 62 207 43 111 130 43 44 118 104 58] 1061 39] 38 46| 138 1 159 49 County Kecorder. 100 46 109 145 141 162 155 162 97 142 127 165 91; 261 129 63 115 308 411 119 153 22 24 62 207 48 97 175 43 46 115 102 65 83 30 46 66 156 170 60 County Supervisor. 62 46 81 138 131 42 99 182 95 126 94 165 84 201 128 62 118 312 257 104 190 22 61 67 217 167 156 149 45 61 160 100 62 144 32 47 63 167 322 64 Stock Act. 92 22 94 96 101 86 97 164 29 61 66 109 32 80 112 27 84 118 187 lie 101 59 108 97 67 167 83 85 isa 30 n 81 246 180 1,991 Total.. 3,040 2,969 2,999 1,789 3,095 1,688 3,028 1,738 2,517 2,256 Majorities 1.297 1,210 1,407 1,738 26li Tot the Peter Cooper Electors, Clermoat cast 4 votes, Eden 21, and Pleasant Valley 1. C. T. Granger, Oiicuit Judge, had 4,761 votes. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Prior to June, 1833, the entire State of Iowa was in the undisputed posses- sion of the Indians — Sacs and Foxes mainly — while north of their territory, in what is now Minnesota, were the hunting grounds of the Sioux. Between those nations, a state of constant warfare existed. Boundary lines were unknown to the savages, and bloody conflicts between these hostile and war-like tribes were frequent as they made incursions upon each other's territory. In its eifort to secure peace among the savage tribes of the Northwest, the Government of the United States, represented by William Clark and Lewis Cass, negotiated a treaty on the 19th ' of August, 1825, with the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Menominees, Winnebagoes, etc., in which it was stipulated and agreed that the United States should run a line between the Sioux on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes on the south, commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, ascending said river to its west fork, thence up that fork to its source, thence crossing the fork of the Red Cedar River on a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines, thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet, and down that stream to the Missouri. THE NEUTRAL GROUND. The Indians, however, did not very scrupulously observe this imaginary line, and, by Articles 2 and 3 of the treaty of July 15, 1830, ratified Feb. 24, 1831 (see U. S. Statutes, Vol. 7, page 329), the Sac and Fox band of Indians ceded a strip of country twenty miles wide on the south, and the Madawakanton, Wapakoota, Wahpeton and Sissiton bands of Sioux, twenty miles on the north of the line of 1825, from the Mississippi River to the Des Moines. The southern boundary of the neutral ground was located through Fayette County, on a course of N. 70 deg., 15 min. E., from a point on the left bank of the Des Moines River, 37 miles, 70.50 chains below the second or upper forks of the same. This ' line was surveyed by James Craig, Surveyor, under instructions from the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, April 9, 1833, but, says the Com- missioner of the General Land Office, at Washington, "inasmuch as no line of pubUc surveys has been closed on the south line of the neutral ground in after years, no precise locus of the boundary can be designated in reference to Govern- ment Surveys." Some years ago, Andrew J. Hensley cut an oak tree on Sec- tion 24, Township 93 north. Range 8 west, which bore the "blaze " of Craig's line, made in 1833. Thus a strip of neutral territory, forty miles wide, extend- ing from the Mississippi River west to the Bast Fork of the Red Cedar River, was established between these ferocious tribes, on which they were permitted to hunt and fish in common, but were forbidden to fight. 308 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTS. THE WINNEBAGO RESERVE. By Section 2 of a treaty made with the Winnebago Indians September 15, 1832 (see U. S. Stat., Vol. 7, p. 371), the neutral ground was ceded to that nation in exchange for their lands on the east side of the Mississippi. To this reserve the Winnebagoes removed prior to June, 1838. No white man was allowed to settle on this reservation. But from all testimony now available, it appears to be reasonably certain that the first work done by the whites in Fayette County, aside from surveys, was an attempt to build a mill near the mouth of Otter Creek (now Elgin), on the Winnebago Reserve. Mr. Joseph Quigley, of Richland Township, Clayton County, who claims to have been well acquainted with the parties, says that Chauncey S. Edson and William Grant, from the valley of the Turkey, below where Elkader now stands, went up to the mouth of Otter Creek in 1836 or 7, built a shanty, commenced building a dam, got out the timber for a mill frame and hauled it to the spot, and made excava- tions. Mr. Quigley states that when the work had progressed thus far, Edson and Grant discovered that they were on the reserve and left, when the Indians burnt their shanty, set fire to the timber and destroyed the dam. Other accounts state that when the Indians discovered that white men were trespassing on their domain, they made complaint to their agent, probably Mr. Lowry, at the old Winnebago Mission, in the northern part of Clayton County,' and that the agent notified them to leave forthwith. "Mr. Edson," says Mr. Quigley, "was a surveyor and an educated man, Mr. Grant was a farmer." It does not seem possible that a "surveyor and educated man " would have been so ignorant of the line run by Mr. Craig only three or four years previous, as to have gone beyond it. It is therefore. the more reasonable conclusion that they located there with a full knowledge that they were trespassing on the reserye, and hoped to conciliate the Winnebago owners so far as to be allowed to remain, but failed to accomplish that purpose and were compelled to abandon their enterprise and improvements. Mr. Samuel Conner states that when he first came to the county in 1848, a large portion of that timber remained unburned and was used by the first settlers as fuel. for their lime kilns. The excavations they had made for the foundation of the mill and the mill-race then bore evidence of having been done ten or twelve years before. The race is now entirely obliterated, but on the south side of the stream is still to be seen the remains of an abutment built of logs, but nearly covered with earth. This was unquestionably the first attempt of the whites to make lodg- ment in Fayette County. THE BLACK HAWK PURCHASE. After the close of the Black Hawk war, in August, 1832, by Article 1 of the treaty of September 21, 1832, the Sac and Fox nation ceded to the United States a strip of country bordering on the Mississippi River and extending west- ward fifty miles from the south line of the neutral ground to the north line of the State of Missouri. This was called the Black Hawk Purchase. Its western boundary was a line commencing at a point on the northern boundary of the State of Missouri, fifty miles west of the Mississippi, and 9.90 chains east of the 122d mile of the boundary, thence on a course N. 28 deg. E., 95 miles and 43.15 chains to the intersection of the Red Cedar River, and thence N., 29 deg. 16 mins. W., 75 miles 14.50 chains to the intersection of the south line of the neutral grounds, variation 9 deg. E. The line was surveyed by Charles De Ward, Assistant Surveyor for William Gordon, Surveyor, between the months of May and October, 1835. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 309 By these several treaties, on the 1st day of June, 1833, the territory now included in Fayette County, a political division then unknown, was divided into three distinct parts, viz.: all the northern half was included in the neutral grounds, or Winnebago Reserve ; the southeastern part was included in the Black Hawk Purchase, while nearly all the land now included in the Township of Oran, a portion of Fremont Township and a section or two on the southwest corner of Jefferson Township, remained in the possession of the Sacs and Foxes. These latter, however, were included in the lands ceded to the United States by the Sac and Fox nation, by treaty of October 21, 1837. THE BOUNDARIES. A sectional map of the Black Hawk Purchase, published by L. Judson Cincinnati, in 1838, shows the lines of the " neutral ground " and the " Black Hawk Purchase." According to this map, there were only four townships sur- veyed and open to settlement at that time, viz.: Townships 91 and 92 north, of Ranges 7 and 8 west, being the present civil townships of Putnam, Fairfield, Smithfield and Scott. The south line of the "neutral ground," as shown on the map, commences at a point on the Mississippi, twenty miles below the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, thence southwest passing very near the north- west corner of Township 95, Range 4 (Giard Township), in Clayton County, to a point in southern central part of Township 95, Range 6 ; thence southeast to a point on the Turkey River in southeast corner of Township 94, Range 6 ; thence southwesterly, entering Fayette County near the northeast corner of Township 93, Range 7 (Illyria Township), passing through Section 24, Township 93, Range 8, and about one mile north of the southwest corner of Township 93, Range 8 (Westfield), crossing the southeast corner of Township 93, Range 9 (Center), the northwest corner of Township 92, Range 9 (Harlan), and Town- ship 92, Range 10, to west line of the county. The northwest corner of the Black Hawk Purchase, according to this old map, was on the neutral line, very nearly in the center of Township 92, Range 10 (Fremont); thence in a south- easterly direction, parallel with the Mississippi, passing very near the northeast corner of Section 31, Township 91, Range 9 (Jefferson). There were only four full townships that were surveyed in Fayette County in 1837, but a large part of Township 93, Range 7 (Illyria), about two-fifths of Township 93, Range 8 (Westfield), a few sections in southeast corner of Township 93, Range 9 (Center), all of Township 92, Range 9 (Harlan), except about 3 sections on the north- west corner, about 10 sections in southeast part of Township 92, Range 10 (Fremont), about 2 sections in northeast part of Township 91, Range 10 (Oran), and all of Township 91, Range 9 (Jefferson), except about a section and a half were included in the purchase. Fayette County Contains an area of 720 square miles. The surface of the country within its limits is considerably varied. In the eastern and northeastern parts, prominent bluffs covered with timber mark the course of the larger streams. Between these bluffs, through narrow, but beautiful picturesque valleys, the creeks and rivers wind their way. Toward the southwest, these more rugged features disappear and merge in the broad and undulating prairies. More than one-fourth of the area of the entire county is covered with timber, mcluding all the hardy varieties : the oak, maple, elm, hickory, walnut, cherry, Cottonwood, etc. _ The classes of soil are peculiarly divided. Southward of Otter Creek, which diagonally crosses the township of West Union, the soil is of a light, yet very productive character ; some patches are quite sandy. North of Otter Creek, it 310 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. is a rich black loam, exceedingly productive. Cultivated grasses grow well on this soil, and in the county generally the soil is of such fertility that the yield of all cereals common to this latitude (43°) is uniformly good, and quality excellent. The principal streams afford very valuable water powers, many of which ar« already improved; but the opportunity to increase the already quite extensive manufacturing interests of Fayette County, by the utilizing of these water privi- leges, will be improved as rapidly as the requirements of the country demand. No stream in the State affords as many first-class water powers in proportion to its length as Turkey River. The north, northeastern, central and northwestern parts of the county are well watered, not only by numerous streams of greater or less size, but by a great number of living springs. The Niagara limestone occupies a large portion of the geological formation of Fayette County. It is well exhibited in various sections in the vicinity of West Union ; on Otter Creek, at one place it is shown to the depth of 135 feet. Here the lower layer is somewhat soft and irregularly stratified, resem- bling the Niagara as seen in the immediate vicinity of the Mississippi River. Above this is seen a very hard and almost white limestone. The Upper Iowa University at Fayette is built from this stratum of rock, taken from quarries near that town. Its color is a shade lighter than the rock at Farley and Ana- mosa, and forms a most agreeable object for the observer's eye. The Galena limestone appears in the valley of the Turkey through its entire length in this county. At Elgin, the bluffs on the north side of the river, at an elevation of 300 feet, and at a distance of two miles from the stream, exhibit all the charac- ter of the Galena limestone. The Trenton limestone is noticed at various points in the valley of the Turkey River underlying the Galena, and is the lowest rock exposed in the county. Recent collections of fossils from the higher grounds skirting the Volga indicate that the geology of this county, as heretofore given, will have to be re- written. Prof. Woodman, of Dubuque, a well known and enthusiastic collector, claims to have discovered traces of fishes' teeth in the rock cut at Fayette, and refers these and the shells found at the same place to the Devonian period. The matter is now in the hands of Prof. Samuel Calvin, of the Iowa State University, for his decision. Pending the announcement of his opinion, it is not safe to to pronounce a dictum, but it is probable that the strata bearing the fossils under investigation, belong to the Lower Helderburg or the Niagara formation. In the south and west parts of the county, on the high prairies, numerous rocks — boulders of massive size — are found, and in some places the ground is covered with smaller stones, in formation and composition very similar to the large boulders, differing only in size ; while in the northern part of the county, on the prairie lands, not a stone is to be found. The southeastern part of the county lies within the Devonian region. FAYETTE COUNTY CREATED. In June, 1834, the Black Hawk Purchase was made a part of Michigan Territory, and in September following, the Legislature of that Territory erected two counties west of the Mississippi — Dubuque and Des Moines — the dividing line being drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island, and these counties were partially organized. July 4, 1836, W^isconsin Territory was erected, including the two Iowa counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under Wiscon- sin jurisdiction, Dubuque County was divided, in 1837, into Dubuque, Dela- ware, Clayton, Fayette, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Benton, Clinton and HISTORY OF FAYBTTE COUNTY. 311 Cedar, and their boundaries defined. Fayette was attached to Clayton for judicial, revenue and election purposes until its organization in 1850. The county contained twenty congressional townships, viz., Nos. 91, 92, 93, 94 and 95 north, of Ranges 7, 8, 9 and 10 west. Civil Divisions. — In tracing the eai-ly settlement of this county, it may be well to insert here for reference the civil township divisions as they exist at present— 1878. Putnam Towriship, T. 91 N., R. 7 W. ; Fairfield, T. 92, R. 7 ; Illyria, T. 93, R. 7 ; Pleasant Valley. T. 94, R. 7 ; Clermont, T. 95, R. 7; Dover, T. 95, R. 8; West Union, T. 94, R. 8; Westfield, T. 93, R. 8 ; Smithfield, T. 92, R. 8 ; Scott, T. 91, R. 8 ; Jefferson, T. 91, R. 9 ; Harlan, T. 92, R. 9 ; Center, T. 93, R. 9 ; Windsor, T. 94, R. 9 ; Auburn, T. 95, R. 9 ; Eden, T. 95, R. 10 ; Bethel, T. 94, R. 10 ; Banks, T. 93, R. 10 ; Fre- mont, T. 92, R. 10 ; Oran, T. 91, R. 10. STREAMS. The Turkey River enters the county from the north, in Section 3, Township 95, Range 9, and flows in a general southeasterly direction through. Auburn, Dover, Clermont and Pleasant Valley Townships. The Turkey is a very crooked river, and, during its flow in Fayette County, runs to every conceivable point of the compass. The Little Turkey enters the county near the northwest corner of Eden Township, describes a semi-circle in Eden and Auburn Townships, and pours its waters into the Turkey near the east line of Auburn, within ten miles of the north line of the county. Crane Creek enters the county from the west, flows through the south part of Eden and empties into the Little Turkey. Otter Creek rises in Township 94, Range 8, West Union, and flows east, through Pleasant Valley, into the Turkey River, at Elgin. The Wapsipinicon flows through the southwestern part of Fremont Town- ship and through Oran Township. The Maquoketa takes its rise in Putnam Township. Brush Creek waters Fairfield Township and empties into the Volga in Sec- tion 26, Township 93, Range 7. Bell Creek rises in the northeast part of Township 94, Range 8, flows east- erly and empties into the Turkey River. Prairie Creek rises in the northeast part of Township 91, Range 8, and flows southeast, across the southwest corner of Township 91, Range 7. Otter Creek runs southerly, through Jefferson Township. The Volga flows east, across the center of the county. GROVES AND PRAIRIES. "Knob Prairie," the name applied to the high spot where the town of West Union stands. Patch Prairie, named by William Wells, commenced about three miles south- east of Knob Prairie and extended in a southeasterly direction to the county line. North Prairie, north of Knob Prairie, in Townships 94 and 95, Range 8. " Wilson's Grove," in Sections 18, 19 and 30, Township 93, Range 10 (Banks), and extending into Bremer County. "Round Grove," south and east of Knob Prairie, or West Union, named by William Wells. "Turkey Timber," the timber skirting the Turkey River. 312 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. " Volga Timber," the timber skirting the Volga River. " Lost Grove," a small grove that stood alone on the prairie about two miles west of Knob Prairie. " Hickory Grove," in Township 95, Range 10 (Eden). "Long Grove," near the center of Township 92, Range 9 (Harlan), where Maynard now stands. " Corbly's Grove," in Township 92, Range 10 (Fremont). "Bear Grove," in Township 92, Range 7, and Township 92, Range 8. " Gamble's Grove," near the geographical center of the county, in Township 93, Range 9 (Center). "Dunham's Grove," changed from Gamble's Grove in 1852. " Crab Apple Grove," in Township 91, Range 10 (Oran). "Sac Bottom," east side of the Turkey River, in Township 94, Range (Pleasant Valley), between Elgin and Clermont. On the "Sac Bottom " was the old Indian burial ground. The graves are now nearly all obliterated, but when the first white settlers came, in 1848, they were numerous; "there were thousands of them," says Samuel Conner. THE NEW MISSION AND CAMP ATKINSON. In 1840, the United States Government established a military post about thirty miles west-northwest of the Old Clayton Mission, on the Turkey River, on or near Section 8, Township 96, Range 9 (Winnesheik Co.), calling it Camp Atkinson, or Eort Atkinson, in honor of Gen. Atkinson, of the U. 8. Army. At this point a fort and barracks were erected. At the same time, a new Mis- sion was established three or four miles south of the Fort, in charge of Kev. David Lowry, a Cumberland Presbyterian clergyman, who had been Agent at the Old Mission for several years. This was designed for a school for the pur- pose of educating the Winnebagoes and inducing them to adopt the manners and customs of civilized life. To this end, several hundred acres of land were broken and placed under cultivation. A small farm was allotted to each head of an Indian family, and all the inducements within the power of the government were extended to the savages to abandon their habits and settle down to agriculture, but it was of little avail. Mr. Andrew J. Hensley, then a lad of 15, often visited the Mission in 1845, and states that the Indians would send their papooses to school only when they were short of provisions — that when their larders were well supplied with the fruits of the chase, they would neither work nor go to school. The Fort and Mission were abandoned in June, 1848, when the Indians were removed, but from 1840 until that time. Fort Atkinson and the Mission School were important points and furnished a market for the few settlers in Clayton, Delaware and Dubuque.^ The Mission was just north of the Fayette County line, but a portion of the" lands cultivated was in this county. Mr. Lowry was succeeded by James McGregor and is still living, or was very recently, in Missouri, and still owns property in Clayton County. Mr. McGregor was succeeded by J. E. Fletcher, by whom the Indians were conducted to Minnesota in 1848. The attempt to civilize the wild men of the plains was a failure. The Winnebago Indians, who occupied the northern portions of Fayette County as part of their reservation, were a peaceful band, 2,900 in number. They hunted over Fayette, Clayton and Delaware Counties, and seldom had any trouble with the whites. They were extremely fond of whisky. The rule among them was, when they succeeded in getting fire-water, to give their guns and knives to the squaws before getting drunk. When one detachment had had HISTORi' OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 313 their spree and had begun to get sober, another set would imitate their example until all had experienced the blissful fury of intoxication and the subsequent headaches and parched mouths incidental to " sobering off." Almost simultaneously with the establishment of the military post at Camp Atkinson, a trail was established between it and the pioneer settlements in Clay- ton, Delaware and Dubuque, and along this trail, in that portion of Fayette County included in the Black Hawk Purchase, the first white settlements were made. This trail entered Fayette County near where the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad crosses the county line, running northwesterly and crossing the Volga three or four miles above Fayette, thence west of north across Townships 93, 94 and 95, Range 9, crossing the Little Turkey River in Section 29, Township 95, Range 9. Among those who visited the Mission and Fort in 1840, were William R. Padelford and his brother John, who had then just settled in Delaware, on the east side of the Maquoketa, about two miles above the present town of Man- chester. While at the Mission, on this occasion, John Padelford noticed an extremely offensive odor in the vicinity, and asked his brother for an explanation. The brother replied by pointing to a tree a few rods away among the branches of which, on a rude platform, reposed the dead and decomposing body of an Indian. John needed no further explanation and clearly understood the aborig- inal mode of disposal of their dead. They laid their corpses upon platforms •erected for the purpose, or in trees ; they imagined that from these elevated positions their dead comrades could more easily reach the happy hunting ground above. It is said that when the celebrated Sac chieftain. Black Hawk died, he was not buried, but was placed, dressed in full uniform, in a sitting posture in a large box that was placed at the top of a little eminence near the Des Moines River. FIRST SETTLEMENT. The first white settlements in Fayette County were made south of, and near the Neutral or Winnebago Reserve Line, in that part of the county that was included in the Black Hawk Purchase, and there is no knowledge or tradition of any such settlement prior to 1840, except the attempt of Edson & Grant to build a mill on Otter Creek, although it is very probable that trappers and Indian traders may have built temporary cabins in this region prior to that time. These roving frontiersmen were accustomed to start out in the Fall, taking some flour and salt, build temporary cabins near some good spring or stream, sheltered by timber, and spend the Winter in hunting and trapping, and sometimes "made wages." In 1840, the Government established a military post north of Fayette County, in Winnesheik, called Fort Atkinson, and three or four miles south established a Mission school for the Winnebagoes. This naturally attracted the attention of the pioneers of that day, and in the Spring or early Summer of 1840, Franklin Wilcox, with his wife and little daughter, and his brother Nathaniel, came from Illinois to Fayette County and made a settlement. Franklin Wilcox built a cabin thirty or forty rods north of the north line of Township 92 — 8, on unsurveyed land, six or eight rods west of a little creek that runs northerly through the southeast quarter of Section 82. The bed of the creek has changed since that time. Its channel was then east of the east end of the iron bridge that now spans the stream at that point. The site of this pioneer cabin as pointed out to the historian, on the 16th day of June, 314 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 1878, by Mr. Lamb, was about five rods northwest of the northwiest comer of the west stone pier of the bridge, near some thorn apple trees. There appears to have been an excavation, and some of the stones of an old chimney are still to be seen. It is said that Wilcox did some breaking either east of the creek or on the little sheltered prairie north of his cabin. If this is true, this was the first breaking done in Fayette County. Nathaniel Wilcox made a claim «ast of his brother's place, on Section 1, Township 92, Range 8. Robert Gamble came with the Wilcox's from Eads' Grove. It is said that Gamble selected a location on the Reserve near a large spring, which afterward proved to be on Section 13, Township 98, Range 9, and the grove now known as " Dunham's," north of the spring, was, in consequence, called " Gamble's Grove," and was known by that name in 1850, when the postofficeof " Gamble's Grove" was established, with Thomas Woodle for Postmaster. Gamble's Grove was about four miles north northwest of Wilcox's cabin. Mr. Gamble did not remain long, however, as he was taken sick,. was carried back to Eads' Grove in the Fall of 1840, and never returned to Fayette County. There is a tradition that Wilcox built a cabin south of the Volga, about 1835, ten years after the Black Hawk Purchase, and spent some time here at that period hunting and trapping. This is purely tradition, however, as there is nothing to corroborate it. It is possible that he may have been here to " spy out the land" prior to removing his family hither in 1840, but this is more than doubtful. Mrs. Joel Bailey, the daughter of Judge Clement CoflSn, of Coffin's Grove, Delaware, states that she was at Eads' Grove in 1840, when Wilcox and his family moved up on the Volga, and that he had not built a cabin there previous to that time. It is possible that the Wilcox cabin might have been a little further north of the spot indicated, but it could not have been very far. About two hundred yards below Wilcox's is a smooth bit of level ground, shaded by trees, which was in "ye olden time" a favorite camping ground for immigrants, and was, in consequence, dubbed " Uncle Sam's Tavern," or " The Continental House." As seen June 4, 1878, the terrific storm of the preceding Saturday night, June 1, must have flooded the site of " Uncle Sam's Tavern " eight or ten feet, and the water crept to within a few feet of the spot where, without doubt, Wilcox dwelt, the pioneer settler of Fayette County, thirty^ eight years ago. Next, and soon after Wilcox, probably the next year, two young men, James Beatty and William Orrear, or 0"Rear, located and built a log cabin a few rods west o'f the creek, on the northwest quarter of northeast quarter of Sec- tion 5, Township 92, Range 8. Their cabin was located near a beautiful spring of clear water that still bubbles from the base of the hill. Mr. Hensley states that it was about forty rods south or southwest of Wilcox's place, just south of the old Mission road, which at this point crossed the creek very nearly on the line between Townships 92 and 93, Range 8. Judge Bailey, of Delaware, who spent some days here in January, 1843, says that Wilcox's cabin was a little way below, in the timber. There appears to be some difference as to the ortho- graphy of O'Rear's name. In his marriage certificate it is spelled " Orrear," and as this is presumably the way he spelled his name, it is adopted in this history. It is impossible now to fix the precise date of Beatty and Orrear's settlement, but in the Fall of 1842, their cabin was the stopping place for a few travelers on the old Mission road, and they had been there long enough to have made some improvements, and to have built some fences. Both were unmarried then, and appear to have been industrious and hardworking farmers. HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 315 The location of their original cabin is an interesting item of history. Just south of the " Alexander" house, so called (south of the road on northwest quarter of northeast quarter of Section 5), and west of it now, July, 1878, stands an old dilapidated log cabin of respectable size. The roof has partially fallen in, and it is rapidly yielding to the corroding touches of time. This is said to be the second cabin, built by Orrear after his marriage. The original cabin built by Beatty and Orrear was perhaps forty feet south of the second one, and it is said was still standing in 1852, but was torn down many years ago, probably by Robert Alexander. The site of the chimney at the west end of the cabin is still marked by a heap of stones, four or five rods west southwest of the spring. Joseph Hewett, an Indian trader, who was well known to the early settlers, and-somewhat connected with the history of this county, established his trading . post northwest of Strawberry Point, very near the east line of Fayette, in Clay- ton County, in 1840. He visited the region in 1839, and when the mission was established he thought the place he selected would be a good place for a trading post. THE FIRST TERRITOEIAL ROAD. "An act to establish a Territorial road from the town of Dubuque to Camp Atkinson," approved January 13, 1841, appointed Calvert Roberts, Samuel L. Clifton and Joseph Hewett Commissioners to locate that road. So much of this act as related to the road in Dubuque County was repealed February 16, 1842, and so much of the road as had been located in Dubuque County was declared vacated : but this repealing act was repealed June 11, 1845, and Peter D. Sharp, David Moreland and William J. Anderson were appointed by the Legislature to re-locate the road through Dubuque County, and, by way of the Colony and Bads', to Camp Atkinson. The road, as located in 1841, followed very nearly the old trail, entering Fayette County near the southeast corner of Township 92, Range 7, passed Joe Hewitt's trading post; thence northwesterly, south of Bear Grove, through that township and Township 92, Range 8, passed a little north of the cabin of Beatty and Orrear, near where it intersected the road from Quasqueton and Marion ; thence, by a circuitous route, running fifteen or twenty rods south of the Tegarden Spring, sweeping then to the north, running near the west line of Section 31, Township 93, Range 8, until it passed the quarter-post, then changed its course to northeast, crossing the Volga River very near the town- ship line, between Townships 92 and 93, Range 8, about a quarter of a mile east of the west line of those townships ; thence northwest again, entering the east side of Section 36, Township 93, Range 9, but running for a short distance in Section 30, Township 93, Range 8, and then continuing in a general north- westerly direction to the north line of Township 94, Range 9, which it crossed very near the northwest corner of the northeast quarter of Section 5, Township 94, Range 9 ; thence north, following the half section lines of Sections 32, 29 and 20, Township 95, Range 9, crossing the Little Turkey in Section 29 ; thence near the south line of Section 17, Township 95, Range 9. Thence the direction of the road was northeast, striking the north line of the county very near the northwest corner of Section 3, Township 95, Range 9. The following order of the County Commissioners of Clayton County appears of record August 26, 1841 : _ Ordered, That the report of Calvert Roberts, Samuel S. Clifton and Joseph Hewitt, Com- mieaioners, appointed by the Legislature of Iowa to locate a road from Dubuque to Fort Atkinson, be received, and they be allowed the sum of forty dollars and fifty cents, each, for services in run- 316 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. ning said road through Fayette and Clayton Counties, and Alfred L. Brown be allowed the sum of forty dollars and fifty cents as surveyor of said road, and also the sum of eight dollars for draft- ing plat, being extra services. Also, Allen Wilson and Moses Kewiit, ohainmen, be allowed the sum of twenty-seven dollars each, and also George Culver, as marker, be allowed the sum of twenty-seven dollars, and Franklin S. Wilcox, as stake driver, be allowed the sum of sixteen dollars, and that Joseph Hewitt be allowed the sum of twenty dollars and twenty-five cents for services of team. On the same day, having an eye to business, the Commissioners divided the expense and charged Fayette with her full share, as follows : Wheeeas, The Territorial road from Dubuque to Fort Atkinson having run twenty miles and a quarter in this county, and twenty-nine miles and three-quarters in the county of Fayette, at an expense of two hundred and eighty-seven dollars and twenty-five cents, and the county of Clayton having liquidated the whole amount, therefore be it Ordered, That two-thirds of the above sum, together with interest until paid, be charged to the county of Fayette. THE FIRST ELECTION PRECINCT, which included any portion of Fayette County, was made by the Clayton County Commissioners in 1841, although it does not appear that there were more thaR three or four voters in Fayette territory at that time, and it would also seem that the Commissioners of Clayton exercised jurisdiction over the Winnebago Reserve, as appears from the following order of April 27, 1841 : Ordered, That an election precinct be opened at the new Mission, the polls of which shall be opened at the house now occupied by David Lowrie, and that H. D. Brownson, John B. Thomas and David Lowrie be appointed Judges of Election in said precinct, which shall be known as Precinct No. 9, the bounds of which shall be designated by the bounds of the neutral grounds. August 25th, Brownson, Thomas and Lowrie were allowed one dollar each for services. H. H. Singer was Messenger, and Silas Gilmore was Clerk. culver's TRADING POST. The old double log cabin built by George Culver on the north bank of the Volga, on Section 26, Township 93, Range 7, and which is still standing about three-fourths of a mile east of Wadena, has been claimed as the first cabin or house built by white men in Fayette County. Mr. Culver was, previous to 1839, the Teller of the Ypsilanti Bank, Michigan. The date of his arrival in Clayton County is involved in obscurity, but, January 7, 1889, the County Commissioners made George Culver's house the polling place for Precinct 7, Townships 91 and 92, Range 4, in Clayton County. May 4, 1839, he was appointed Assessor, and he was also one of the County Commissioners in that year. In 1840, when Mr. Hewett established a trading post near the Fayette line, it is said that Mr. Culver became his partner and moved thither, but in 1841, probably still associated with Mr. Hewett, he built the cabin above men- tioned, which was eight or ten miles nearer the southern boundary of the neutral ground, ar.d, consequently, so much nearer their customers. This cabin was probably within two miles of the neutral line. If this record is correct, and there seems but little doubt of it, Franklin Wilcox preceded Culver at least a year, and the probabilities strongly favor the presumption that Beatty and Orrear located near Wilcox and built their cabin about as early as Culver located in the county. Mr. Culver appears to have possessed the confidence of the Indians to a remarkable degree. When they were removed, in 1848, he followed them to Minnesota, but returned and entered, by land warrant, Sections 26 and 27, Township 93, Range 7, January 25, 1849, very soon after the township was surveyed. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 317 In 1842, Andrew Hensley came from Wisconsin to Fayette County, and purchased the claim of Nathaniel Wilcox on or near Sec. 1, T. 92, R. 8, about five miles east of Beatty and Orrear's. Mr. Hensley went back to Wisconsin, , intending to return to his western home in the same Fall, but sickness pre- vented. In September, 1843, he returned as far as Eads' Grove, Delaware County, with his family, consisting of a wife and four children, among whom was Andrew Jackson Hensley, then a lad of ten years. Here he spent the Winter. In the Spring of 1844, he rented Joe Hewett's place, northwest of Strawberry Point, just in the edge of Clayton County, and moved his family into a little cabin about one and a half miles west of Hewett's, in the edge of Fayette County, owned by Moses, son of Joe Hewitt by his first wife. Here, Novem- ber 27, 1844, Daniel P. Hensley was born, the first white child born in Fayette County, unless Mr. Mumford's baby, born in the brush near Yankee Settlement, is to be credited to Fayette. In 1841 or 1842, probably the latter, although it might have been earlier, a couple of roving Indian traders built a small log cabin for a trading post, on the Old Mission road, as near the neutral line and the northernmost limits of the surveyed lands in the county as an eligible site could be found. One of these was Atwood, and the other Henry or Moses Tegarden, or Tegardner, as he is called, indiscriminately. The records of Dubuque County are evidence that a man named Henry T. Garden, or "T. Garden," as the name appears of record in one instance, lived in that county in 1837-8. This man was an Indian trader, and afterwards removed to Fayette, where he was said to have been murdered by the Indians. The records of Clayton County, of later date, mention the names of the Tegarden or Tegardner family. Whether Henry and Moses were identical or were brothers cannot now be determined. Whether it was Garden or Tegarden is not material, but the latter is most familiar to Fayette people. Whether Tegarden or Atwood, or both, built the cabin above mentioned, cannot now be determined. It was built on the northeast quarter of northeast quarter of northwest quarter of Sec. 6, T. 92, R. 8, very near a large spring about half or three-fourths of a mile southwest of Col. Brown's present residence, and about twenty rods south of the township line. Circumstances indicate that Tegarden and Atwood were in some manner associated together in the Indian whisky trade, as they were both murdered by some Winnebago Indians, in 1843, an account of which will be given hereafter. The date of Mr. Mumford's settlement in Fayette County is obscure. His given name is forgotten, but he was known among the pioneers as Major Mum- ford. He was living near Brush Creek in the Fall of 1842, and certainly set- tled there early in that year, or very possibly in the Fall of 1841. His cabin was in the timber a mile or two north of the present village of Brush Creek, in Township 92, R. 7 (Fairfield), probably on or near Section 16, or north side of 21. He had a little field on the edge of the prairie south of his house, but was not much of a farmer. Midwifery in the Brush. — The following interesting incident of pioneer life is told of the early settlers, in connection with Mrs. Mumford. This lady, it is said, was enciente and near the period of confinement early in the Sum- mer of 1843. There was no physician nearer than Dubuque, but Mrs. Kibbee, wife of Lucius Kibbee, who lived near Rockville, Delaware County, about forty miles away, was an experienced midwife. Mrs. Kibbee was summoned to pre- side on the interesting occasion soon to occur. She came, but Mrs. Mumford dallied, and after waiting two weeks, Mrs. Kibbee could remain no longer — she must go home — but proposed that her patient should go home with her and 318 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. there await the logic of events. There was no other alternative unless Mrs. Mumford wished to be alone in her coming trial, and she assented, and the two women started to go to Delaware County in a covered wagon, with Major Mum- ford for conductor and driver. Arriving in the vicinity of Hinkle's Grove, near the present site of York, in the northern part of Township 90, R. 5, Del- aware County, near nightfall, the critical moment arrived, the wagon stopped, and the child was born. The weather was pleasant, and the little party remained with the little stranger in the brush all night, and the next day reached Eads' Settlement. Homer's nativity was claimed by seven cities, and in this case it is a debatable question whether Mrs. Mumford's baby belonged to Fayette or Delaware. Had she remained at home one day longer, her child would have been born in Fayette, and would have been, without doubt, the first white child born in the county. The Mumfords removed to Wisconsin at an early day, probably in 1844-5. It is said that one Dr. Wilbur, probably a member of the gang of outlaws infesting the western settlements in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa at that time, came from Wisconsin to Volga City, Clayton County, in 1842, because he did not care to contend with the United States about a little matter like manufacturing imita- tions of the coin of the realm. The bail in the case, $300, he had paid to two friends, with a bonus for their trouble, and migrated to Iowa, where he resumed his illegal trade at Volga City, a part of his tools being ^manufactured by a blacksmith of that place. It is said that Hewitt and others in the vicinity afforded Wilbur faciUties for prosecuting his vocation and for circulating the spurious coin he manufac- tured; and it is also said that after Mumford's departure some of Wilbur's traps were found in his house. Wilbur's goods were of superior quality and finish. Mr. John Padelford is authority for the statement that some of his coin was received without detection at the United States Land Office at Dubuque. ' Wilbur did not remain long, however, and left in 1842. .,, Asa Parks was also a character in the early history of Fayette. He was a blacksmith who lived at Cascade, Dubuque County, and worked at his trade there for several years, but went to the Mission to work in 1840, and left his family at Hewitt's. Elk Creek Precinct. — May 30, 1842, Fayette County was included in an election precinct, with a large portion of Clayton, as appears from the following order of the Clayton Commissioners of that date : Ordered, That the Elk Creek Precinct is extended so as to include all persons residing between the wafers of Turkey River and Elk Creek, in the county of Clayton, and all persons residing in the county of Fayette. The .Judges appointed were William W. Waymau, George Culver and Asa W. Gifford. But in October of the same year, the Commissioners made a change and, for the first time, established a voting place in Fayette County, as shown by the following order : Ordered, That the county of Fayette and so much of Clayton County lying within a line drawn distant ten miles and running parallel with the boundaries of Fayette, be an! the same is hereby appointed an Election Precinct within the Election District of Clayton County, and that the polls hereafter to be held at said precinct shall be opened at the house of F. Wilcox until otherwise ordered by the Board of County Commissioners. Whether any election was held in this new precinct is now unknown, but the inference is that the first election in Fayette County was held either in the Fall of 1842 or Spring of 1843. The pioneers enjoyed the elective franchise, and always voted when they had an opportunity. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 319 A FEARFUL EXPERIENCE. The Fall and Winter of 1842-43 were of unusual severity. Snow fell early in November and remained until late in April, and the hardships and sufferings of the settlers during that terrible Winter are almost incredible. One or two incidents of that time will serve to illustrate the severity of the Winter and the sufferings of the settlers, as well as to givesome idea of frontier customs at thattime. In the Fall of 1842, Rev. David Lowry, in charge of the Winnebago Mis- sion School, in the southern part of Winnesheik County, near the north line of Fayette County, advertised for proposals to furnish the Mission with 15,000 pounds of pork. Joel Bailey and John Keeler, at Bailey's Ford, Delaware County, had hogs enough to supply that amount, that they were anxious to sell. Keeler went to the Mission to bid for the contract. He found several other competitors, who had hogs to sell, already on the ground. Keeler put in a bid at J2.25 per cwt. ; the others gave the same figures. Keeler reduced his bid to f2.00 and started for home, discouraged. That night,- he stopped at Joe Hewitt's trading post, five or six miles northwest of Strawberry Point. He told Hewitt his business and that he did not expect to get the contract. Hewitt, who had some grudge against the other bidders, after hearing his story, told him that of course he would not get it unless he put in a lower bid, and proposed that if he would make another bid at $1.75, he (Hewitt) would carry it to Lowry himself, and he felt almost sure that Keeler could secure the contract at that price. Keeler was in a quandary. $1.75 per cwt. was ruinously low, but he and Bailey had the hogs and hardly knew how they were to winter them ; at last, he concluded to adopt Hewitt's suggestion, sent in his bid and went home. About a week afterward, Mr. Babbitt, who lived on the Wapsipinicon near Marion, went to Bailey and Keeler, bearing a notice from Lowry that Keeler's bid had been accepted and that the pork must be delivered on or before Christ- mas Day. They hesitated about filling the contract, but while discussing the question, Babbitt, who also had a lot of hogs he didn't know what to do with, offered to give them five dollars and fill the contract himself, and they concluded if he could afford to do that, they had better keep their contract themselves. Accordingly, on the 17th day of December, 1842, Joel Bailey, John Keeler, James Kibbee, William R. Padelford and Lucius Vandever, with three ox teams (seven yokes), loaded with corn and supplies started, with their drove of hogs, for the Mission. It was a slow, toilsome journey, the weather was cold, the snow knee-deep, and they were eight days on the road, camping every night, save one, when, they stopped with Beatty and Orrear, and reached the Mission on the 25th of December. The party was joyfully welcomed by the Mission people, who began to fear that, owing to the inclement weather, their expected supplies might not reach them, and they might be forced to live without meat during the Winter. Immediately after their arrival, preparations were made for slaughtering the hogs, which was done on the open prairie. The weather was bitterly cold, and It was neither an easy nor comfortable task for five men, even with such assist- ance as the lazy Indians were disposed to render, to kill twenty -five hogs a day. Before they completed their work, however, the weather began to moderate, and about noon on the Ist day of January, 1843, having settled with Mr. Lowry, with only provisions enough to last one day, Bailey and his party* started on * With the party waa Atwood, an Indian trader, who, says Judge Bailey, was a "scalawag," and who had his wDuky, and whatever else he traded with, at Beatty and Orrear's at that time. He had given some offense to Mr. Wwry, the agent at the mission, and had been up there to make his peace with the "powers that be;" had f^f ^B**? » gnat deal of sorrow for what he had been doing, and was on his way back to Beatty's, but he was fearful l" ififi' V ""^ should send a sqnad of soldiers after him. What he had been doing is not remembered, but he had probably been swlndlinj the Indians, which may have led to the tragedy soon after enacted at Tegarden'a. 320 HISTOEY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. their return to Delaware, encamped on the south bank of the Little Turkey River, five miles from the Mission, on Section 29, Township 95, Range 9, that night, and intended to make Beatty's cabin, south of the Volga, the next day. During the night, a furious southeast snow storm commenced. The next morning, nothing daunted, they started on their journey across the treeless prairie, but the storm was so severe and the snow became so deep that about noon they lost the track, became bewildered, and were compelled to turn back, arriving at the camping ground they left in the morning, about dark, cold, wet, weary and dispirited. The storm continued during the night with unabated fury, and the next morning it was still snowing as hard as ever; but our little band did not like the idea of going back to the mission, concluding that the storm could not last much longer, and believing that they could reach the Volga timber before dark, again broke camp and started. The snow was now from two and one-half to four feet deep. The men were forced to wallow ahead to break tracks for the oxen, and their progress was slow and wearisome, especially as both men and animals had been without food for more than twelve hours. The weather was moderate, and their clothes were wet, until about 10 o'clock, the storm ceased, the wind, shifting suddenly into the northwest, blew a heavy, biting, freezing gale, and the little party were forced to face the new danger of freezing to death. A little after noon, the Volga timber was discovered. The party were then probably three or four miles south of west of Round Grove, where West Union now stands. When the sun went down, however, they were still far away from the timber they hoped to reach. They kept on traveling as long as they could see the timber, but at last the increasing darkness completely hid it from view ; and there, on the open prairie, exposed to the full fury of the biting January blast, with, the icy air filled with fine frozen snow driven by the wind, withotit food, exhausted and freezing, the little party was forced to stop, in the north- east part of Township 93, Range 9, west of and within about half a mile of the present site of Donnan. Their largest sled was about ten feet long. On it was a box, two boards high, the length of the sled. Turning the sled broad- side to the wind, as it sat well up to the top of the snow, by shoveling the snow from a little spot beside it to the frozen ground beneath, the top of the sled box was about as high as their heads, they were partially sheltered from the piercing wind and had a hard surface on which to stamp their feet. They whittled up the box on another sled and endeavored to kindle a fire, but every lucifer match they had was used without success ; their ammunition had become damp ; their fingers were too much benumbed with cold to use the flint and steel — they could have no fire. It was a critical situation ; without fire, without food, and exhausted by a long day's march through the deep snow. It was wonderful that they were not discouraged. Death not only stared them in the face but was feeling with icy fingers for their hearts. Their fives depended upon keeping awake and moving. To remain still was to sleep, and sleep was death. The poor fellows wrapped their blankets about their heads and here they stood stamping, talking, yelling to keep each other awake. "The fearful horrors of that terrible night," says Judge Bailey, from whose lips this narrative was taken, "are as vividly impressed upon my memory as if they occurred but yesterday. We had to watch for each others' voices. If we failed to hear one, we hunted about in the dark until we found him leaning against the sled, and started him to going again. It was the longest night I ever expe- rienced; it seemed as if daylight would never come." HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 321 Day dawned at last and they resumed their wearisome way, but it was noon when they reached the Volga and obtained some water for themselves and their teams. It was still three miles to the hospitable cabin of Beatty and Orrear. Would the exhausted party ever reach it ? They would try. On they stag- gered, famishing, freezing, and hardly caring whether they lived or died. Near night-fall they struck a track about half a mile from the cabin, which gave them new courage and they struggled on, and at last about dark, badly frozen, famished and utterly exhausted they reached Beatty and Orrear's cabin, hav- ing been since daylight in the morning traveling six miles. Here they found Gilbert D. Dillon, Franklin Culver and Johnson of Rock- ville, snow-bound on their way to the Fort, with two loads of butter, eggs and poultry ; Beatty, Orrear and their guests at once provided for the wants of Mr. Bailey and his party. One of them, making a requisition upon Dillon's load, prepared supper, and the others prepared tubs and buckets, filled with cold water, into which the frozen feet and limbs of the sufferers were plunged. While thus drawing the frost from their frozen feet, a good warm supper was served them and they broke their protracted fast of forty-eight hours ; "but," remarks Judge Bailey, "we didn't eat much — we were not much hungry." Bailey, Keeler and Vandever were so badly frost-bitten that they were compelled to remain at the cabin of Beatty and Orrear for several days. As soon as they were able to be moved, beds were arranged for them on the sleds, and they started for home, accompanied by Mr. Johnson. The noble-hearted Beatty went with them to Maj. Mumford's, on Brush Creek. It was only seven or eight miles but they were all day making the journey. Beatty helped to break the track. The next day they reached Joe. Hewitt's cabin, and in the evening of the third day, arrived at Eads' Grove. Here they found Will- iam Bennett, who was on his way to Hewitt's to keep out of the way of the Linn County Sheriff, who was anxious to find him as he was charged with being a party to flogging one Johnson, a settler in Buchanan County. Mr. Bailey was unable to walk for three months after this terrible exposure. Both his feet ulcerated, the flesh sloughed off of one of his toes and the dead and naked bone was cut off by Keeler with a "dog-knife." Keeler was also laid up for several weeks, but Vandever fared the worst. The flesh fell off of all his toes on one foot and of three on the other, exposing the bones to their articulation with the bones of the feet. There was no surgeon nearer than Dubuque, and Mr. Kibbee removed the naked bones, using an old bullet mould for forceps. After this novel surgical operation was performed his mutilated feet finally healed, but poor Vandever was a cripple for life. During this severe Winter, comparatively many persons were lost and frozen to death on these then almost trackless prairies. One might as well be in raid- ocean in a storm, without compass or rudder, as to be. out of sight of timber on these prairies in one of those fearful Winter storms. All through the month of March, 1843, says Judge Bailey, of Delaware, the cold was as intense as it had been during the entire Winter. Kindness to the Indians. — During this severe Winter, George Culver, on the Volga, cared for a large number of Winnebago Indians, who were prevented from hunting on account of the extreme cold. Joseph Hewitt, who was just across the line, in Clayton County, did the same, and, doubtless, saved many of the improvident red skins from starvation. Failing to obtain remuneration for their outlay from the agent of the Winnebagoes, at the mission, Culver and Hewitt went to Washington in 1846,asmany an Indian trader has done before and since, to establish and collect their claims. Other Indian traders didn't fare so well. 322 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. In January, 1843, very soon after Bailey and his party were so hospitably received and cared for by Beatty and Orrear, William Bennett, mentioned above, found it convenient to not only spend a few days with his friend Hewett, but to be concealed by him in a cavern near by from the officers of the law, who were on his track. He arrived at Hewitt's about January 10. The Sheriff of Linn County, with a posse of several men, having traced him to this point, arrived soon after ; but the party had divided before reaching the trading post. In his search for Bennett, the Sheriff entered one of the Winnebago tepees, or wigwams, and, while here, accidentally shot an Indian. Mr. Hensley states that, some time previous to this time, the Linn County Sheriff, with a small party, had been caught by some Indians and robbed while hunting buffalo calves in the territory now covered by Chickasaw County. One insolent Indian had compelled him to take off his coat, and he had suffered severely from cold. He then and there " spotted" that Indian, and resolved to shoot him on sight wherever he should find him. On entering the tepee, as above stated, Mr. Sheriff saw and recognized the individual who had taken his coat. He sat down, and pretended to be fixing his gun, which he had across his knees, pointed at the Indian ; it exploded, and the savage tumbled over, dead. "Hewitt," says Mr. Hensley, "anxious, on Bennett's account, to get rid of the Sheriff and his posse, urged them to get away as soon as possible, declar- ing that the Indians would kill them if they remained." The Sheriff, however, was not to be frightened off, declaring the shooting to have been accidental, and that there were not Winnebagoes enough on the reserve to compel him to leave until he was ready to go. He called his men together, however, and after continuing his fruitless search for Bennett, leisurely took his departure. Mr. Hensley says that when he arrived at Eads' Grove, he declared that the Indian was not shot accidentally, but that he had sent him to the happy hunting ground for the reason above stated. It has been said that the Sheriff found Bennett on this occasion and was frightened off when that worthy covered him with a pistol, and that a squaw was shot accidentally. These statements, Mr. Hensley says, are simply untrue. The Sheriff he says, did not find or see Bennett, and the Indian was shot as above. Hewitt's cabin was about four miles east of Brush Creek, and although he was not a resident of Fayette., he was familiarly known to the early settlers of this county. After the removal of the Indians, he went West in 1851, leasing his place, it is said, to a Mr. Morley, who had an accomplished daughter. Hewitt returned, and although then nearly 60 years old, and considerably mar- ried, he induced the Morley girl to elope with him. This was probably about 1857 ; for the records of Fayette County show that a marriage license was issued to Joseph Hewitt and Harriet K. Morley by County Judge Rogers in 1857. THE TEGARDEN MASSACRE. The records of Dubuque County show that a trapper and Indian trader, named Henry T. Garden, or T. Garden, as the name appears of record in one. instance, was living on Section 7, Township 89, Range 2, Dubuque County, (i few miles southeast of Colesburg, in 1837-8. He was generally called T. Gar- den or Tegarden by the early settlers, and may have been a Kentuckian. In the records of Clayton County, the name is written indiscriminately Tegarden, and Tegardner, and is written Tegardner in a marriage' record in 1846. He had a family, consisting of a wife and several children, at that time — three sons, William, George and a younger one, and a little girl. About 1839 or '40, another child was added to the family. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 323 Tegarden was in the habit of moving about on his trading expeditions with the Indians, and in the Winter of 1842-8, occupied a cabin that had been built by him or Atwood, or both (about a mile west of Beatty and Orrear's), with his wife and three younger children — the boy about 9, the little girl about 7 and the "baby" about 3 years old; the two older boys, William and George, re- maining in Dubuque County, probably on the homestead. Authorities differ as to the precise date when Tegarden came from Dubuque County that Winter ; some think that he came in the Fall of 1842. Judge Bailey, of Delaware County, who, as previously stated, was at Beatty and Orrear's cabin several days early in January, 1843, says that Tegarden was not there then; that Atwood was stopping at Beatty 's, keeping his stock of whisky there, and that the cabin west of Beatty's was unoccupied at that time." Tegarden came soon after, occupied the cabin, and Atwood probably lived there with him, removing from Beatty's ; and both engaged in supplying thirsty Winnebagoes with "fire water." Since this account was written, the authors have succeeded in obtaining a copy of the indictment found by the grand jury of Clayton County, April 26, 1843, against three Indians for the murder of Moses Tegarden. Whether the name of Moses and Henry were applied to the same individual, or whether Henry and William were sons of Moses, are problems left to the reader to solve. Names were frequently confounded in early records, and in several instances in preparing this work, different names have been found of record applied to the same individual. It is probable that the name was erroneously written "Moses " in the indictment, and that the Dubuque County record is the best au- thority. Perhaps "Moses" was the handle of Atwood's name. It is said that one of the Winnebagoes, a member of " Little Hill's " band, pawned his gun to Tegarden* for rum. Tegarden sold it very soon after, and of course when the Indian called for his gun, he couldn't produce it, but com- promised by serving his customer with a little more whisky, and the swindled brave went away apparently satisfied. On the afternoon of March 25, this Indian, with two of his comrades, returned to Tegarden's. Two of them got uproariously drunk, and Tegarden and Atwood were drunk also. In the evening, Mrs. Tegarden, becoming frightened, went to Mr. Wilcox's, about a mile east. She wanted to take the children with her, but her husband refused to permit them to go. The details of the bloody tragedy that followed are given to the historian by A. J. Hensley, Esq., to whom they were related by Mr. Beatty as given to him by the little girl : After carousing until late' in the evening, they all went to sleep on the floor, except the little girl, who was in bed. Along in the night, the Indians awoke, and, moving about stealthily, securely bound Tegarden and Atwood with cords before their doomed victims awoke. The red fiends, maddened with whisky, commenced hacking Atwood with their tomahawks. He yelled lustily, but without avail; his cries gradually became weaker, and the little girl thought they were about half an hour in killing him. They then commenced cutting her father, but he begged of them " if they were bound to murder him, to shoot him at once, and not murder him by inches," whereupon one of them seized a gun and shot him through the head. They then killed the little "three-year-old," and badly wounded the oldest boy, leaving him for dead. One of them came to the bed where the little girl lay listening and shuddering *Froin Atwood's character, and the fact that he had some difliculty with the Indian agent, it is more than proba- ble that he and not Tegarden was the man who had played the dirty trick upon the Indians, and the impressioa is farther confinned by the fact that Atwood was the first to be killed in the horrid tragedy that followed. B 324 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY. as the murderous work went on, and struck her two or three times with a toma- hawk, cutting her badly ; one blow laid open one side of her face. The little heroine told Mr. Beatty that she supposed they would have killed her, too, only she had noticed, while they were pounding and cutting the others, that the more their victims writhed and screamed the more the Indians struck, and when they struck her she cried out once or twice and then lay perfectly still and quiet, so that they left her thinking she too was dead. There is another version of this affair, differing from the above only in minor details. P. P. Olmstead, of Monona, Clayton County, who was probably the onlv Justice west or north of Jacksonville (Elkader), states that he was. requested by Capt. E. V. Sumner to accompany him to a place then called the Wilcox Settlement, to take the depositions of the children — a boy, aged 13, and a girl, aged 11 years, who had been seriously wounded by the Indians. The murders were committed on the 25th of March. The children were badljr wounded about their necks and shoulders, by blows from tomahawks. The Indians came to the house about 3 P. M. ; appeared friendly, and asked the privilege of sleeping on the floor, which was granted them. Mrs. Tegarden and the oldest son were absent. The family retired about 9 o'clock.- About 11 o'clock, the two children were awakened and discovered the Indians murdering the other children. Tegarden and Atwood were dead on the floor. The Indians struck them (the witnesses), when they feigned death. Completing their bloody work, as they thought, the Indians, after rum- maging the cabin and gathering up some of the most attractive property about the house, went 'out to harness Tegarden's horse to his cutter. They were gone some time, and during their absence the little girl got out of her bed, and, finding the others were all dead, except her older brother, who was badly hurt, she helped him up, and, without waiting to dress, crept out into the brush. The night was cold, and the snow about fifteen inches deep. The poor children were none too soon, for the Indians, returning to the cabin, took out what they wanted, fired it, and drove off. The two wounded, shivering children started for Beatty's cabin, a mile away. The boy was so badly wounded that the little girl had to help him along. What those two poor wounded, bleeding and freezing children suffered in that terrible night journey through the snow, no pen of ours can portray. They reached the corner of Beatty's fence, probably about forty rods from his house, about daylight. They could go no further ; climbed upon the fence and screamed for assistance. Luckily Mr. Beatty heard them, went out and broughi them in. They were both badly frozen, as well as wounded ; but were tenderly cared for, and survived the horrors of that dreadful night. The little girl loat all her toes from the effects of the frost, and her face was badly scarred from the; knife or tomahawk of the savages. William Orrear went to Delaware County a few days after the affair, on the 1st day of April, and while there told the settlers that the next day after the murders were committed, himself, the Wilcox brothers and Beatty found the bones and charred remains of the burnt men and child, gathered them up together with the ashes, fragments of dishes and other debris, and covered them upon the site of the burned cabin, making a little mound that Mr. Hensley says he has "seen many a time." , The Indians who perpetrated these atrocious murders were soon afterwai^ arrested at Fort Atkinson, by Capt. Sumner, and examined, before P. P. Olm- stead, by whom they were committed to jail at Dubuque. HISTORY OF FAVETTE COUNTS. 325 April 25, 1843, the Grand Jury of Clayton County returned a true bill, ' United States vs. Ho-gaw-hee-kaw, Wau-kow-chaw-neek-kaw and Haw-kaw- kaw, for the murder of Moses Tegarden. Patton McMillan was Foreman of the jury, and S. B. Lowry and David Lowry, witnesses. On motion of James Crawford, District Attorney, the Indians were brought into court to answer to the indictment ; and, informing the court that they were poor, and unable to employ counsel to prepare their defense, the court appointed James Grant, Esq., an attorney of this court, counsel for said defendants, and the said defendants, in open court, announced themselves ready to be arraigned and to plead to said indictment; whereupon the said defendants were arraigned according to law, and, upon their said arraignment, pleaded not guilty to said indictment, where- upon, defendants, by their counsel, applied for " change of venue to Dubuque County, on the ground that the minds of the inhabitants of Clayton County were prejudiced against them." The application was granted, and the prisoners removed to Dubuque County and confined in the old log jail to await trial. An examination of the records of Dubuque County, by P. J. Quigly, Esq., Clerk of the Court, reveals the following facts : The Indians were tried sepa- rately, by separate juries. Judge Thomas S. Wilson presided. Ho-gaw-hee- kaw was tried August 7. Jury brought in a verdict of " guilty," on the 9th. Waw-haw-chaw-neek-kaw was tried August 15 ; verdict, guilty, on the 16th. The other one was tried August 16, and found guilty on the 17th. Motion for new trial was made in each case ; but, on the 17th, these motions were over- ruled, and, on the 18th of August, 1843, the three Indians were sentenced to be hanged on Tuesday, the 12th day of September, 1843, between the hours of 10 o'clock A. M. and 3 o'clock P. M. The cases were appealed to the United States Court and affirmed (see Morris, p. 437). The United States Court, however, seems not to have fixed a time for the execution, which probably gave rise to the report that the Sheriif of Dubuque, either through accident or design, allowed the time fixed for the execution to pass ; but this is, doubtless, untrue. Why sentence was not executed, or what fijial disposition was made of the Indians, cannot be definitely ascertained. It is said that one of them was killed in jail by his companions. The others may have been sent to the penitentiary to await the decision of the United States Court, and subsequently released. As soon as the children had sufficiently recovered from their wounds and freezing, they, with their mother, returned to Dubuque County, where William and George, or Henry, lived. In 1845, says Andrew J. Hensley, who was then living in the vicinity, WiUiam Tegarden built another cabin about two or three rods northeast of the spot where his father was murdered, and engaged in selling whisky to the Indians. This cabin was occupieci by Harrison Augur and his family in 1849. Prior to that time, it had been occupied, temporarily by Asa Parks. In 1852, it was known as the '• Clark " house, and was occupied for a few months by Col. Aaron Brown, and some of its timber is now (1878) a part of Mr. Currier's fence. In 1846, Mrs. Tegarden married Zophar Perkins, then living in Township 92, Range 7, and " Bill " married Perkins' eldest daughter,- Asenath, about the same time. June 14, 1847, William Tegarden was indicted in Clayton County, found guilty and fined $100 for selling liquor to Indians. April 17, 1848, Daniel Tegarden was indicted for the same offense, and, at the same time, " Bill " was indicted for assault with intent to commit great bodily injury. Soon after this, these characters disappeared, It is said they went to California, and, while on 326 HISTORY or fayette county. the way, one of them wantonly shot an Indian squaw, and was captured by the Indians and murdered by inches. Mrs. Asenath Tegarden, it is said, died of consumption near Taylorsville in 1852. The exact location of the cabin near the Tegarden spring, a spot historic from the bloody tragedy enacted there thirty-five years agp, has been a matter of some dispute ; by some it has been located on the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 31, Township 93, Range 8, very near the old mil- itary road, where there was a chimney, once belonging to a cabin, standing for years after the removal of the Indians. This was near a slough or sink-hole ; but no trader would ever locate at such a spot unless he drank nothing but whisky, and the elder Hensley, just before his death, stated to Col. Brown that that cabin was built by an unknown man, and abandoned on account of lack of water in the vicinity, after the first cabin near the spring, a half mile or so southeast of it, was burned, and the evidence is conclusive that there was no cabin there in January, 1843. Andrew J. Hensley says that the cabin was almost exactly west of Beatty 's, but little over a mile distant, on the northeast quar- ter of the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 6, Township 92, Range 8 ; that it was near a little grove and spring, and that a little mound marked the spot The elder Hensley, just previous to his death, gave the same location to Col. Aaron Brown, and stated that "the neighbors gathered the bones, ashes and all into a little heap, and left them so." June 4, 1878, one of our historians first visited the location as given by the Hensleys. About half-way up the slope rising westward from Brown's Brook, where the timber skirts the road, turning to the left into the field and following ;i foot path to a bit of breaking just done, the visitors reached a large spring perhaps twenty rods from the grove, which empties its waters into the brook. There are evidences that the spring was once walled up with stone for con- venience. Two rods northeast of this spring, the breaking plow had exposed a heap of ashes, lumps of charcoal, broken crockery scaled by fire, fragments of human bones and bits of black bottles. A little way south of east, perhaps ten feet, another and smaller pile of ashes, and then a few rods further northeast, the site of Bill Tegarden's cabin is still plainly visible. The precise location of the ghastly murder was thus clearly determined. After this visit, Col. Aaron Brown and Mr. Metzgar, a neighbor, made further examination, and by digging on- the spot where the ashes, etc., were uncovered by the plow, have established the fact that the bones, ashes and other debris were scraped into an excavation that was probably under the cabin, a sort of cellar in which Tegarden stored his liquors. It was perhaps 3x5 feet and about two feet deep. The impression that it was a hole used as a cellar, with perhaps a trap door or some loose puncheons in the floor of the cabin over it, is strengthened by the fact, says Col. Brqwn, " that we found as we approached the bottom considerable broken glass, the remains of glass bottles and the frag- ments of a demijohn ; also a large glass vessel in which was some red paint. On the bottom or floor of the cellar, was found a leaden bullet, and above the fragments of glass many fragments of human bones charred and broken ; one, a piece of the right femur, about six inches long. Col. Aaron Brown says, indi- cates a man of more than the average stature. * One of the teeth and the fragmenife of a finger bone of a child 3 or 4 years old, was also found in this strange Eaausoleum,- These bones have been carefully preserved by Col. Brown and when, all are collected, will be enclosed with other relics in a glass jar and deposited ; * Atwood was only a medium sized man, but Tegarden la r jmsmbered aa an unusually tall mao ; some say six foet three tnchea. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 327 in the ground on the spot where they have been found. Some sort of a memorial stone, with a suitable inscription should be placed over them to mark the locality. Among other articles found in this old cellar, are knives, forks, spoons, a bullet mould, a pocket knife in a fair state of preservation, a small top-thimble that evidently belonged to the little girl, part of an old iron spectacle case, etc. This substantiates the statements of Orrear and the Hensleys, father and son, and here, undoubtedly, is the spot where, thirty-five years ago, the cabin was burned over the dead bodies of Atwood, Tegarden and his child. June 16, 1878, the historian, accompanied by Judge Jacob W. Rogers, of West Union, and Col. Aaron Brown, again visited this locality. In the rude sepulcher, in addition to articles previous enumerated, have been found numer- ous fragments of the bones of the child and the adults, buttons, suspender- buckles, pipe-bowls, pieces of buffing stones used by the Indians for dressing deer skins, an axe which may have been used to kill the unfortunate men, an Indian tomahawk (while the ashes are still full of fragments of bones, broken crockery, bits of glass bottles, etc.), buttons, a file, boot soles, piece of a pad- lock, etc. A closer examination of the upturned sod reveals traces of the walls of the cabin, which was, probably, about 16x20 feet. The smaller heap of ashes about ten feet from the cellar, is apparently where the chimney or ^he cupboard or both stood, while the door of the cabin was probably near the south- west corner, next the spring, less than two rods distant. Since that date, still further and closer investigation by Mr. A. B. Metzgar, has discovered a silver half-dollar, of the coinage of 1819, not much worn but blistered by fire, much blackened by its long burial among the ashes.* Over one hundred different articles have thus far been found here and the identifica- tion of the spot has created a lively interest in the county. Col. Brown states that in 1852, when he first came to this county, there wore in the grove adjacent to the spring, on the north, the remnants of several Indian wigwams or camps, where the Indians had encamped but a few years before, as in some of them, the poles were still standing. The red-skins encamped there, presumably, to be near the coveted supply of fire-water at Tegarden's. Henry Tegarden or Henry or Moses Tegarden, his innocent child and Atwood were the first known deaths of white people in this county. The massacre created a feeling of terror and uneasiness among the settlers, in the neighboring counties of Clayton and DeLiware, and some families moved away in consequence, but the "scare " was only temporary, although the Win- nebagoes were always insolent and troublesome. It is said that Wilcox, Frank's father, with his family, came to Fayette as early as 1843, and lived near his son, if not in the same house with him. His given name has been lost, unless it was Frederick or Ellas D. If the former, then he must have been here when Tegarden was murdered, for Feb. 17, 1848, Frederick Wilcox was chosen a grand juror. Possibly, however, Franklin was recorded Frederick. Be that as it may, the elder Wilcox did not remain here long, but settled between the Mission and Fort Atkinson, where he carried on blacksmithing. Franklin Wilcox moved there in 1844, probably, and carried on a dairy. William Van Dorn, Mrs. Frank Wilcox's brother, came in 184B, and M. C. Sperry located a claim near Mumford's, about that time. A Mr. Oatman, an elderly man, who had been a hotel keeper at La Harpe, 111., located on the prairie near the little stream called Brush Creek, in Township *Tli)8 coin is in the possession of the historian. 328 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 92, Range 7, and laid up the walls of a log house about 24 feet square, on the high ground. The voof was never put on, for Oatman, becoming disgusted with tJhe country, or thinking that the prospects for a hotel at that place were not remarkably flattering, soon left the country. The building he commenced was called die " Light House," by the early settlers. Mr. Oatman's son Lorenzo, a cousin of M. C. Sperry, of Fayette, was killed by the Apaches while on the way to California, in 1850. Another son and two daughters escaped massacre. One of the ladies has written a boak narrating her experiences while a captive among the Indians, several copies of which are owned in Fayette. April 4, 184-3, James Tapper was appointed Supervisor of the road from Lowry's farm to the military road, from the Indian line to the hill near Wan- zer's, thence southward to Indian line. PIONEER MARRIAGES. The first marriage of Fayette settlers that appears of record in Clayton County, is the following: 1 do hereby certify that T did, according to the r^les and regulations of the Cumberland Pres- byterian Church, of which I am a member, celebrate the rites of matrimony between William Orrearand Miss Mary A. Wilcox, on the 25th day of February, A. D. 1844, both of Fayette County, Iowa Territory. D. Lowrt, M. G. Recorded April 3, !844. F. ANnao", Clerk D. C. August 5, 1 846, the marriage of Zophar Perkins and Valzick Tegarden, is recorded, followed August 12, by William Tegarden and Asenath Perkins. August 6, 1847, George Culver and Margaret E. Castall were married by Rev. Simeon Clark, the pioneer preacher of Delaware, and March 27, 1848, Charles Glidden and Mary Lowe, by Andrew Hensley, J. P. A Mr. Messenger settled about forty rods east of the Tegarden spring, on northwest of northeast quarter of Section 6, Town 92, Range 8, probably in 1844, but the precise date of his settlement cannot be determined. The cabin he built is still standing on the farm of J. B. Rogers. John Moyne located a claim near Bear Grove, in 1844, but he did not enter his land or settle permanently until 1847. Madison Brown built a rude cabin, with a roof made of basswood bark, north of Bear Grove and located there with his family in 1844, but he very soon sold his claim to Andrew Hensley, and removed to the bank of the Volga, about- two miles east or southeast of Fayette where he commenced the farm now known the " old Newcomb farm." Indian traders were, as a rule, decidedly averse to having settlers locate near them, for they saw in their advent the precursor of further migrations and the retreat of the Indians, from whom they derived much profit. Mulliken and Bemis, for all that they followed farming, carried on traffic with the Winne- bagoes, and, it is said, they conspired with some of the Indians to have Brown driven ofi". Soon Brown, when about his work, would occasionally hear a bullet whizzing by his ears, one of his oxen was wounded, and, one day, a gang of three or four Indians, finding one of his steers near the Volga, killed it, tumbled it over the bank into a canoe and floated down the stream to their camp. But Brown held on, in spite of his jealous neighbors,, and in the fol- lowing year (1846), more settlers coming in, he was molested no longer. Orrear's marriage with Miss Wilcox is thought to have been the first mar- riage of Fayette County settlers, but the wedding was probably celebrated at the residence of the bride's father, between the old Mission and Fort Atkinson, as Mr. Lowry was the officiating clergyman, and a question arises somewhat like that in relation to the birth of Mrs. Mumford's baby, " was this a Fayette HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 329 or Indian Territory wedding ? " Be that as it may, Orrear had a good farm and dairy ; in 1844-5 he built a new house and kept 25 or 30 cows, making butter and cheese for the Mission market. This, so far as is known, was the first dairy in the county. In 1846, he sold his dairy and farm to Horace Bemis who, January 17, 1847, entered the northwest quarter of northeast quarter of Section 5, Township 92, Kange 8, which was the first entry of land in the county. It is said that Orrear went to the Mission, where he remained until about 1848, when he removed to Missouri, and his wife died on the journey thither. About the time of Orrear's matrimonial venture, probably in the Fall or Winter of 1848-4, he purchased Beatty's interest in the farm, and the latter built a cabin on the Volga, which proved to be, when the town was surveyed in 1849, on Section 29, Town 93, Range 8. Isaac Webster had a claim on the Volga bottom a short distance east of Beatty's, lived with Beatty, and during the sea- son of 1844, raised a crop of oats on part of the ground now covered by the village of Fayette. The crop was stacked on the hill where the Upper Iowa University now stands, and was "tramped out" by oxen during the following Winter. During the Winter of 1845, Lorenzo MuUiken lived with Beatty, and A. J. Hensley was there a part of the Winter helping Webster thresh his oats, whjch were hauled to Fort Atkinson and sold. Beatty appears to have been a roving character, disliking to remain very long in a place, a characteristic of the earliest pioneers, who led the way for others to follow. About 1848, it;is said that Beatty went to Minnesota, where he afterward became a member of the Legislature. AN INSOLENT EEDSKIN. During the Summer of 1844, Andrew Hensley employed Daniel B. Noble, of Yankee Settlement, to break some prairie on his claim, north of Bear Grove. During the Winter of 1844-5, he moved his family into the cabin built by Madison Brown, and, in the Spring, made a quantity of mapie sugar. One day that Spring, Mr. Hensley had occasion to go to Hewett's, with whom he had some business. His son, Andrew J., or " Jack," as he is famil- iarly called, accompanied him. They expected to return home the same night, but Mr. Hewett was away, and they waited for him. Mrs. Hensley, with the four younger children, were left alone. During the afternoon, three Indians approached the house, and one of them entered. He was insolent, and by signs, not to be misunderstood, endeavored to drive Mrs. Hensley and her children away. She was not to be driven, however, and endeavored to induce the redskin to leave, but he was as stubborn as she. She had informed him that she was expecting her husband every minute, and went out to see if he was coming. She was becoming frightened. The Indian fol- lowed her out, and rudely grasped her by the shoulder. She was a strong, muscular woman, however, and proved more than a match for her tawny assail- ant. She shook him off, and nearly threw him down. In. the melee, he struck her a severe blow across the breast with his musket. As soon as she recovered her breath, she went back into the cabin, fastened the door, and watched. There were two loaded muskets in the house, and she determined to shoot her insolent foe if he dared to attempt to enter again. He cautiously approached and peered over the door, but, discovering her determined attitude, he did not attempt to enter. After nightfall, Mrs. Hensley, becoming satisfied that her husband and son were not coming home that night and thoroughly alarmed, concluded that the only safety for herself and little ones was in flight. Accordingly, after making 330 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. a few hasty preparations, she took her baby (Daniel), about 6 months old, and her next youngest child, Richard, in her arms, and, with the others, quietly stole out of the cabin and started for Hewett's, ten miles away. Arriving at Oatman's "light house," she left the older children there alone, bidding them keep quiet until she returned, and pushed on through the darkness, arriving late at night at Moses Hewett's, about a mile west of Joe's trading post. This exciting adventure with her Winnebago neighbors rendered Mrs. Hensley nervous and worried. She refused to go back to the Brown cabin to live, and Mr. Hensley moved into the Wilcox cabin, near Beatty's, where his family lived until he built a house on his own claim, into which he moved early in the Fall. It is said that one afternoon, during the following Summer, Mr. Hensley detected an Indian stealthily following him, when he concealed himself behind the upturned roots of a fallen tree and determined to shoot if the savage ap- proached nearer than a stump that stood about twenty yards away. The Indian came to the designated point and concluded to go no farther in that direction. Another account states that there was a " deal of dodging about for two or three hours," and if the sturdy old pioneer had persuaded his treacherous foe to lie down and die, the universal verdict would have been " served him right" October 16, 1844, James Beatty was paid, by the Clayton Commissioners, one dollar for a wolf scalp, and January 4, 1845, Moses Hewett and Nathaniel Wilcox were chosen to serve as Grand Jurors in Clayton County. THE FIRST CROP OF WHEAT. In the Fall of 1845, Mr. Hensley, who had sown winter wheat on the land he had broken the previous Fall, raised a bountiful crop. This was the first wheat known to be grown in Fayette County. In the Autumn, as soon as he could get some of it threshed and dry enough to grind, he sent his two boys, Andrew J. and Jacob G., with twelve bushels loaded on an ox wagon to Cas- cade, Dubuque County, to mill. It was not an easy task "to go to mill" in those days, and the boys were gone eight days. They had reached Hewett's, on their way home with the first flour made from Fayette County wheat, but during the night their oxen strayed away, and, the next morning, not finding their team, the started for home. They were barefooted, and were in constant dread of rattlesnakes as well as Indians. Arriving in sight of home, the boys were terrified, as they could discover no signs of life about the premises, and feared that the rest of the family had been captured and carried away by the Indians. They approached their home very cautiously, with heavy hearts, but were much relieved and rejoiced when they found thfiir father and mother, at the other side of the cabin, digging potatoes. Mr. Hensley went to Hewitt's, found the stray cattle, and brought theflour home in safety. The boys dreaded the Indians, and the family appears to have had good cause for hating their un- comfortable and insolent neighbors. In July, 1845, D. J. Finney settled in Township 92, Range 7. In 1845, says A. J. Hensley, William Van Dorn and Miss Messenger were married, although the marriage is not recorded in Clayton County, and when Mr. Hensley moved out of the Wilcox cabin, the newly married couple moved into it. This was probably the first marriage in Fayette County, if, as is to be presumed, the wedding was at Mr. Messenger's house, and Orrear's wedding was at the elder Wilcox's house, at the Mission. It may be well to add that the double cabin of Wilcox was standing as late as 1851. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 331 In the Spring or Summer of 1845, Webster sold his claim on the Volga to Lorenzo Mulliken, and returned to Dubuque. Mulliken immediately commenced the construction of a stone fence at the edge of the bluif surrounding the south part of his claim. Andrew J. Hensley worked with him, and Horace Bemis, who bought the Orrear improvements the next year, aided him in completing it. Mulliken died in 1847. He was one of the first settlers at Yankee Settle- ment, Delaware County, and his father, Samuel Mulliken, was one of the County Commissioners of Delaware County in 1847-8. HARD BXPBKIENCES. In the Winter of 1845-6, the Fayette settlers secured employment in haul- ing flour from Quasqueton to the Mission. Accordingly, one morning, Andrew Hensley, Madison Brown, Horace Bemis, James Beatty, Lorenzo Mulliken ar.d Messenger started with their teams for Quasqueton. A storm arose during the day, which became very severe, as it was accompanied with consid- erable'wind. They missed their way, and instead of making BuiFalo Grove, diverged to the left and found themselves in the west end .of CofiBn's Grove about nightfall. They tried to go forward the next morning, but the storm continued and they were forced to return to their camping place of the night before. Here they encamped again, and got back to Bemis' the next evening. Two weeks after this unsuccessful trip, another expedition started for Quas- queton. Beatty and Mulliken went with horse teams, and got through to Quas- queton the same night. Horace Bemis and A. J. Hensley followed with three ox teams. They missed the track made by the others, and instead of reaching Bufialo Grove, they traveled to the west, making the Buffalo where it runs across the prairie, near Winthrop. Here they camped. The weather was very cold. They had no means of making a fire, and they lunched on frozen biscuit, making them masticable by thawing the surface with their breath. They made up such a bed as they could in one of the sleds, and under the broad ceiling of the sky, with the scintillations of the stars looking for all the world like yellow icicles, they got such sleep as they could. The next evening they made the dwelling of Mr. Billings. The third day day they reached Quasque- ton, loaded up their flour, and stayed that night with Billings. The fourth night they camped again on the Buffalo, but having brought along some wood, they passed the night in comparative comfort. The next night they reached home. ■ The next morning all hands started for the Mission, Bemis and Mulli- ken taking the horses, and Beatty and young Hensley the cattle. Beatty and the lad reached the Turkey, and found that the mild weather of the day before had made the water too deep to be forded. Meantime, Mulliken had crossed the river on a gorge of ice, and started for the Mission, and Bemis had unhitched his horses and started for home, leaving the flour on the bank of the Turkey. Here Beatty and Hensley camped that night. The next morning Beatty started Hensley home with the oxen, and himself stayed with the flour to keep any stray Indians from stealing it. Hensley trudged along with his six brute companions without trouble until he reached the divided road, one leading to the upper ford and the other crossing the river opposite the Mulliken Bottom. Here his cattle made him a good deal of trouble, for they were determined to go to the upper crossing, which was narrow, and in the high stage of water dangerous. About the time he would get one yoke well started eastward, the others were as well started southward, and he was pretty well tuckered before he got the procession formed to suit him. He reached the lower crossing just before dark, and found it impassable. Bemis was waiting for him on the right 332 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNT!'. bank, and shouted to him to stay where he was. Accordingly he fastened his bovines to the tree about where the emigrants of June 1, 1878, lost their wag- ons, and stayed all night with an old Indian bearing the pseudonym of " Jim Crow," who lived near by. The next morning Bemis hauled up a big sap- trough to the ford and ferried the boy over, Mr. "Crow" bringing the cattle across. VOTING PRECINCTS. The records of Clayton County do not indicate any change in voting pre- cincts until January 7, 1846, when the County Commissioners Ordered, that the petition of Joseph Hewett and others, asking for a precinct to be established, and called the Hewett Preoincti It is further ordered that said petition is hereby received and allowed, and that the bouftdaries of said precinct be defined hereafter by Andrew S. Cooley (one of the Soard) and the Clerk, as soon as a map can be obtained, and said precinct to be called the Hewitt Precinct, and the elections to be held at the house of Daniel Finney, and the boundaries of said precinct, when defined, to be entered on the records. [Said boundaries are so far defined as follows : North of Bemis Precinct aod west of Boardman ] Hewett Precinct ordered to return eight names for jury list. January 8, Judges in Hewett Precinct, appointed as follows : Joseph Hewett, Daniel Finney and John Nagle. On the same day another precinct appears to have been organized, including all of Fayette not embraced in Hewett. Sodom and Gomorrah were pioneer settlements in Clayton. Sodom was situated very near the southern neutral line in Township 94, Range 6, Clayton County. Ordered, that an election precinct be established at the Winnebago Agency, and bounds of said precinct as follows : Commencing at the neutral line at Sodom (Township 94, Range 6), thence due north until it strikes the Iowa Riyer ; thence up said river eight miles above Green- zoe's trading house ; thence due south, intersecting the neutral line ; thence to the place of beginning. Elections in and for said precinct at the house of Franklin Wilcox, near Fort Atkinson. From this time until 1847, these two precincts appear to have been all that existed in Fayette County. By the Constitution adopted May 18, 1846, " The Counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Clayton, Fayette, Buchanan and Black Hawk were entitled to two Senators and two Representatives jointly." Charles Glidden, from Maine, settled in Township 92, Range 7, in March, 1846. James Beatty served as grand juror for 1846, and Horace Bemis and George Culver served as petit jurors. Bemis bought the Wilcox house and claim north of Orrear's, probably in 1845. April 14, 1846, Road District No. 14 was established by the Clayton authorities, and Horace Bemis appointed Supervisor. COITNTT ROAD ESTABLISHED. May 9, 1846, the petition of Horace Bemis and others for a road commenc- ing at or near the house of Horace Bemis, in the Bemis Precinct, thence westerly until it strikes a dividing ridge that leads to the Volga ; thence on the most eligible route to Sage's mill, Elkader, on Turkey River, was received by the Clay- ton Commissioners, and Henry Brown, Horace Bemis and Nathan Purdy were appointed Commissioners. The road was established Oct. 6th. The territorial road from Quasqueton to Fort Atkinson was reviewed prior to July, 1846. JUDGES OF ELECTION. August election, 1846, Agency Precinct, Elias D. "Wilcox, Franklin Wilcox and H. M. Rice. Hewett Precinct, Joseph Hewett, George Culver and Henry Gilford. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 333 1847, Agency Precinct, Franklin Wilcox, Daniel Hazens, David Olmstead. Hewett Precinct, Joseph Hewett, John Nagle, Moses Hewett. BOUNDARIES OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Section 2 of " An Act to define the boundaries of the Counties of Clayton and Fayette," approved February 3, 1847, provides : That the following shall constitute the boumlaries of the county of Fayette, to wit : Begin- ning at the southeast corner of Township 91 north, Range 7 west of the fiflh principal me.idian, on the line dividing Townships 90 and 91 north. Range 7 west of the fifth principal meridian ; thence running west on the line dividing Townships 90 and 91, to the line dividing Range 10 and 11 ; thence north on the said range line to the line dividing Townships 95 and 96 north ; thence east on said township line to the range line dividing Ranges 6 and 7 ; thence south on siid range line to the place of beginning Townships. — Under the law authorizing County Commissioners to create civil townships, the Commissioners of Olayton, among others, created Township No. 4 (Hewett), consisting of Township 92, Range 6, and the west half of Township 92, Range 5, with Fayette County attached thereto. Thus Fayette County, with its twenty Congressional Townships, became an attachment to Hewett Township in Clayton County, April 21, 1847. The first election in this township was held in August, 1847 — at Hewett's, says Padelford, but Hensley says at Zophar Perkins'. The total -number of votes was 28, several of which were from Fayette County. At this election, it is said that M. C. Sperry and Andrew Hensley were elected Justices of the Peace and M. Brazelton, Clerk. No ink was to be had and the clerks were forced to do their work with pencils. John Padelford was one of the Judges of this election, and was also the messenger who carried the returns to Guttenberg. In May, 1847, Chauncey Brooks located in the county, in Smithfield Town- ship. M. C. Sperry settled on his claim in Township 92, Range 7, March 20, 1847. Palmer F. Newton settled in the same township in November of the same year. PIONEER PREACHERS. The first religious services in Fayette County, or the first of which any knowledge remains, were said to be held by Rev. John Brown, at the house of Chauncey Brooks in 1848, possibly in 1847. Mr. Brown belonged to the Tnited Brethren, and lived at Colesburg or Yankee Settlement. In 1846, he built a hotel at Rockville, Delaware Co., but his wife died soon after, and his chil- dren managed the hotel while he spent a portion of his time in ministering to the spiritual necessities of the pioneers in Delaware, Fayette and other neigh- boring counties, and, it is said, married a Miss Harrow, about 1847 or '48. One of the first sermons preached by Rev. Mr. Brown was at the Orrear cabin, one evening in the Summer of 1848. His audience was composed of three or four white men, two white women, two Indian bucks and an educated squaw. As Brown warmed with his discourse he began to pound the puncheon table in his gesticulations, with considerable violence. One of the "untutored sons" leaned toward his companion and asked him what that meant. He answered that his opinion was that Brown wanted to fight. Again the preach- er's sunburnt and ponderous fist made the table jump an inch and the dishes rattle over the fire place. The Indians rose as if impelled by the same force, clutched their blankets with their left hands, cleared the cabin door at one bound and ran into the grove for safety, not caring to engage in a theological inquiry with a man so sinewy and handy with his fists as Brother Brown, who, they feared, might pound religion into their heads as he was then attempting to do into the table. 334 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Simeon Clark, the pioneer Methodist preacher of Delaware, must have vis- ited this county at an early date, as he was the officiating clergyman at the wedding of George Culver and Miss Castall in February, 1847, and Clark always preached whenever two or three would gather together. Clark unques- tionably went to the Mission in 1840-41, and after the settlements began to be made on the Black Hawk Purchase he as unquestionably did some preaching in the wilderness. Mr. Clark was a bee- hunter in 1839, and traversed the prairies of Delaware, Buchanan and Fayette every Summer for years after that time, preaching in the humble cabins of the pioneers on the Sabbath, while he searched for wild honey during the week, and it is very probable that he may have preached the first sermon in Fayette, as he did in Delaware. If Elder Brown did not preach at Brooks' cabin until 1848, it seems almost certain that Clark must have held religious services at the Wilcox Settlement as early as 1843 or 1844. Elder Clark, Methodist, and Elder Brown of the United Brethren, were the pioneer preachers of Fayette. A SPECK OF WAK. The nearest approach to a war between the settlers on the Black Hawk Pur- chase and the Winnebagoes occurred in 1847. A party of old men and women, numbering about a dozen, left the Reserve and encamped near Turner's Mill (Forestville), in Delaware County, to hunt. A party of hunters from Eads' Grove discovered them one day, and fell upon the squad of inoffensive Indians, clubbing them quite severely. It was purely malicious conduct and entirely unjustifiable on the part of the whites. The Indians returned to the Reservar tion, and Sugar-Lick, their chief, was informed of the outrage. Sugar-Lick summoned two subordinate chiefs, seven or eight able-bodied men, and his son, who could speak English, and started for Delaware County. Arriving within a mile or so of Eads' Grove, he sent his son into the settlement with the message that he had a party in the woods near by, waiting to be clubbed, also adding the bit of collateral information, however, that if any white man presumed to pass a certain line he would be shot. The whites did not have as much disposi- tion for clubbing Indians as they had a few days before, and Sugar-Lick returned to Fayette County without shedding a drop of Anglo-Saxon blood. REMOVAL OF THE WINNEBAGOES. By Article II of Treaty of October 13, 1846 [see U. S. Stats., Vol. 9, p. 878], the Winnebago Nation of Indians retroceded the "neutral ground" on which they had resided since 1833, to the United States, and their title to the lands included in the Reserve was extinguished. But the Indians were not removed until June, 1848, when, by order of the Government, in charge of J. E. Fletcher, Agent, they sadly and reluctantly took their departure, and were conducted to their new reservation in Minnesota. The Government property at Fort Atkinson was placed in charge of volunteers, in 1846. Of this company, but little information is accessible to the historians of Fayette County. The men were recruited at Burlington and vicinity, in 1846, and as soon as mus- tered in they marched to the Fort. J; H. McKenny, who died at Chatfield, Minn., May 23, 1878, was First Lieutenant of the company. He had settledr in Iowa about 1837, and worked in the office of the Territorial Gazette from its first issue till 1839. He was Sheriif of Des Moines County from 1843 to 1846. This command accompanied the Indians on their Northward march, which began June 9, 1848, in pursuance of orders from the War Department. The new Reservation chosen for the "thieving, lousy Winnebagoes," as they HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 335 were affectionately termed by the Clayton and Delaware folks, was known as Long Prairie, now Todd County (Minnesota). The Indians, although they had ceded their Iowa Reserve to the United States in 1846, when the time arrived for their removal, it was with great reluctance that they made their preparations to depart, for they had become very much attached to their Iowa home. Some were disposed to rebel ; but, after a few days' deliberation in council, the tribe packed up for the journey. Nearly two months were consumed on the march, and, after several stampedes and sudden halts, the Winnebagoes were left on their new Canaan. Two or three years after, a large party returned ; but finding the groves along the Turkey and the Volga filling up with white settlers, they gave up any lingering hope they might have entertained of remaining, and wended their way back to Long Prairie. An occasional arrow or lance-head picked up by the farmer as he walks along the furrow is the only trace left behind of the warlike Sioux, or the impudent, whisky-loving Winne- bago, whose former presence here is as a dream to the settlers of Fayette subse- quent to 1848, and a half-forgotten legend to the gray-haired pioneers who came before that time to select homes in the edges of the beautiful groves and by the sides of the babbling springs that endure while races come and races depart. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF THE RESERVE. Before the camp fires of the departing Indians had ceased to burn, and before their moccasined feet had ceased to patter among the fallen leaves of the forests on the Turkey and the Volga, the sturdy western pioneers began to enter upon the fertile lands they were leaving, and the plow of civilization began to obliter- ate the footprints of the savage almost before the green grasses on these beautiful prairies, bent beneath his light and noiseless tread, had lifted their dewy heads again to the morning sun. The first cabin in Township 94, Range 8 (West Union), was built by Thos. J. Smith near a spring probably on the northwest corner of Section 15, August 15th to 20th, 1848, on the farm now known as the "Lippincott place." The next to locate and build a habitation was Lorenzo Button, who visited this region in July, 1848, and selected his location about a mile and a half east of north of T. J. Smith on Sec. 8, Avhere he now resides. He returned in Sep- tember following and built a hay cabin,* in which he and his companions set up a cook stove and lived like princes, on slap-jacks and wild honey for about a month, when their cabin took fire and burned and a more substantial log house was erected. With Mr. Dutton came Henry Jones, Charles Jones, William H. Blanchard and William W. Bailey. The two last mentioned did not remain long, and Blanchard now lives in Chicago. Soon after Thomas J. Smith, Dut- ton and the Jones's, came other Smiths. One of them located about a mile and a half northeast of Thomas, on Section 10 or 11. David Smith built a cabin near the little creek in the southwest corner of Section 17, and claimed the timber and the land where West Union now stands. Morris B. Earll and Jacob Oory settled on the bank of the little creek, on the northwest quarter of *Uay cabina were frequeutly built by the early settlers to serve as dwelling places or " camps," until more sub. stantial stmctnreti cnald be provided. Four " forked" or "crotched" posts were cut in the neighboring timber and driven into Ibe ground from ten to twelve feet apart, constituted the corners of the building. Two on one side were shorter than the others, to give the necessary " pitch " to the roof. On these " crotches " or *' forks " poles were laid for plates, and on these other poles for beams and rafters. Somntimes only two posts were driven and one end of the raflere rested on the ground. After the frame is up more poiea are laid across the roof, and these are covered with hay. Dntton's party were a little aristocratic and hauled some boards from Elkader, which they laid over the plates and beams of their primitive bouse, and piled hay on tbe top of them. The walls were made by cutting poles of the proper lengths setting them up on the ground endwise, the upper ends leaning against the plates, and piling hay against them on the outside. If a sufficient quantity ot hay was used in their construction these hay cabins were very comfortable for temporary dwellingB. 336 HISTORY OF FAYErTE COUNTY. Section 16, and erected a cabin or cabins in 1848. Mr. Button broke some prairie in the Fall of 1848, which was probably the first breaking done in this township. Henry F. Smith and J. F. Smith spent part of the Winter of 1848-49 here. Lewis Kerr, with his family, his mother, sister Polly, and two brothers, John and Thomas, settled on Section 22, Townihip 95, Range 8, in 1848. Kerr erected his cabin immediately after the Indians left. John Downey broke some prairie on Section 32, but sold his claim to Jacob Rosier. George N. Rosier, Eliff Johnson and perhaps others, located in this township in 1848. In July and August, 1848, Samuel Conner and Simeon B. Forbes built the first house in Township 94, Range 7, on Section 14, where Elgin was after- ward laid out. Immediately after the removal of the Indians, Lewis Kerr built a. cabin in Township 95, Range 8, and settled with his family. His brothers, John and Thomas, his lister and his mother, came with him and his family. John Downey broke the first prairie on Section 32, Township 95, Range 8, in 1848. William M. Rosier built a cabin on Section 32, the same year, and Jacob Rosier bought Downey's claim. "In 1848," says Mr. Lorenzo Dutton, "soon after I came, Mr. Hadley, who had located about a mile a half north of me, had a 'log raisin'.' Henry Jones, Wallace Bailey and I, went down to^help him 'roll up' his cabin. Be- sides us, were Mr. Hadley and his hired man, and John Downey and Thomas Downey — seven of us. When the cabin was up Mr. Hadley got dinner for us. He had burned up his coffee-pot and had only one kettle. First, he cooked beans in the kettle, then pork and potatoes, and then made coffee in it. When supper WHS ready we gathered round, took our meat and potatoes and beans on chips for plates, and took turns drinking coffee from two tin pint cups." RATTLE-SNAKES. Rattle-snakes were numerous in this region when the first settlements were made. Mr. Dutton relates that, in the Fall of 1848, he and Wallace Bailey were out hunting bees north of their cabin. On this expedition, they discov- ered the cave on Section 34, Township 95, Range 8, since known as Dutton's Cave. When about 80 rods east of this cave, on a bluff beside a little " run," they thought they heard the rattle of a snake. Looking about, they discovered one, and Bailey threw a stone at it. The stone happened to roll into a hole, toward which, disturbed by the visitor, a number of the serpents made their way ; but the stone had stopped up the entrance to their den. It was a warm, sunny. Autumn day, and the loathsome reptiles were out enjoying the sunshine. Dutton and Bailey had, unconsciously, "waked up snakes," but they pitched battle with them, and Avhen the last "rattle" was killed they counted eighteen dead "sarpints" on the field, some of them of large size, and one having twenty-one rattles. LOST. Dutton, the Joneses and Bailey had three yokes of oxen. The cattle had but recently come from Illinois, and were disposed to go back whenever opportunity occurred. The boys kept them in a yard, yoked, except when they were, at work or turned out to feed. One cold, rainy afternoon in the Fall of 1848, they turned the cattle out to feed ; but, instead of feeding near home, the ani- mals wandered off eastward. When they had had time enough to feed, Dutton went out to drive them in, and overtook them about dark and started with them for home. Dutton thought that, by going across lots, he could reach the cabin by a nearer route than to follow the crooked trail the oxen had made, but soon HISTORY Of FAYETTE COUNTY. 337 lost the way. It had stopped raining, but it was cold ; he was wet, and it was not pleasant to think of passing the night without shelter ; but there was no alternative. He kept himself comparatively warm by leaning against one of the oxen, and when the animals laid down he laid down close beside one of them. " He was not the pleasantest bed-fellow in the world," said Mr. Button, " but he was a good deal better than none, under the circumstances." The next morning he had no difficulty in finding the way, and reached home about 9 o'clock, none the worse for this night on the prairie. THE SURVEYS OP FAYETTE COUNTY. As previously stated, only four townships in Fayette County embraced in the Black Hawk Purchase were surveyed prior to 1841. The date of the several surveys and names of surveyors of the several townships, as exhibited by the original plats of Government Surveys on deposit in the State Land Office of Iowa, are as follows : Township 91, Range 7 (Putnam) ; Township 91, Range 8 (Scott) ; Town- ship 92, Range 7 (Fairfield) ; Township 92, Range 8 (Smithfield). Township lines established by Orson Lyon, in the Summer of 1837 ; subdivisions, by Jas. Videto. in third and fourth quarters of 1837. Township 91, Range 9 ( JefiFerson). East and north township line by Orson Lyon, in second quarter of 1837, and west township line by George W. Harri- son, second quarter of 1841. Subdivisions by William P. Hall, third quarter of 1841. Re-survey of northern boundary, by William P. Hall, third quarter of 1841. Township 91, Range 10 (Oran). South, west and north township lines by Isaac N. Higbee, August and September, 1845; east township line, George W. Harrison, May, 1841. Subdivided by Thomas Hurley, December, 1846. Township 92, Range 9 (Harlan). South township line by William P. Hall, August, 1841 ; east township line by Orson Lyon, May, 1837 ; west township line, re-survey, John Ball, October. 1848 ; north township line, Guy H. Carle- ton, August, 1848. Subdivided by William H. Merritt, October, 1848. Township 92, Range 10 (Fremont). South township line, Isaac N.. Higbee, September, 1845 ; west, north and re-survey east township lines, John Ball, August and November, 1848. Subdivided by John Parker, May, 1849. Township 93, Range 7 (Illyria). South and part of east township lines, Orson Lyon, June, 1837 ; west, north and part of east township lines, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848. Subdivided by William H. Merritt, November, 1848. Township 93, Range 8 (Westfield). South township line, Orson Lyon, June, 1837 ; east, north and west township lines, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848. Subdivided by William H. Merritt, November, 1848. Township 93,. Range 9 (Center). Township lines, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848. Subdivided by William H. Merritt, October, 1848. Township 93, Range 10 (Banks). East township line, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848 ; south, west and north township lines, John Ball, August and September, 1848. Subdivided by John Parker, November, 1848. Township 94, Range 10 (Bethel). East township line, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848; south, west and north township lines, John Ball, September, 1848. Subdivided by John Parker, 1849. Township 95, Range 10 (Eden). South, west and north township lines, John Ball, September, 1848 ; east township line, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848. Subdivided by John Parker, August and September, 1849. 338 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Township 94, Range 9 (Windsor). Township lines, Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848. Subdivided by William H. Merritt, October, 1848. Townshfp 95, Range 9 (Auburn). Township lines by Guy H. Carleton, August and September, 1848. Subdivisions by Hugh Trenor, March and April, 1849. Township 94, Range 8 (West Union). Township lines by Guy H. Carle- ton, August, 1848. Subdivisions by Hugh Trenor, March, 1849. Township 95, Range 8 (Dover). Township lines by Guy H. Carleton, August and September, 1848. Subdivided by Hugh Trenor, April, 1849. Township 94, Range 7 (Pleasant Valley). Township lines by Guy H. Carleton, August, 1848. Subdivisions by John Fitzpatrick, April and May, 1849. Township 95, Range 7 (Clermont). Township lines by Guy H. Carleton, August and September, 1848. Subdivisions by John Fitzpatrick, May, 1849. FIRST ENTRIES. The first entry of lands in Fayette County, as recorded, was made by Hor- ace Berais, who entered the northwest quarter of northeast quarter of Section 5, Township 92, Range 8 (Smithfield Township), Jan. 17, 1847. This was the claim of William Orrear and James Beatty, and was the extreme northern limit of the surveyed lands in the county. . William Anderson and Chauncey Brooks €ntered land in the township in 1848. John P. Moyne made the next entry, of east half of southwest quarter of Section 17, Township 92, Range 7 (Fairfield Township). Horace Bemis, Hi- ram Brooks and John Brooks entered land in Fairfield in 1848, and Jared Taylor, Palmer F. Newton, Jesse Brooks and Martha Hunt in 1849. Robert Alexander entered the southwest quarter of Section 26, Township 93, Range 8, July 9, 1849. Several other entries were made on the same date. John W. Lane and Horace Andrus entered during 1849. John W. Lano entered part of Section 30, Township 93, Range 7 (Illyria Township), July 16, 1849. George Culver entered parts of Sections 22, 2G and 27, by land warrant, June 25, 1849. Andrew Hensley entered Section 19, Oct. 13, 1849. David Downs entered the northeast quarter of Section 5, Township 94, Range 9 (Windsor Township), Sept. 8, 1849, and J. R. Eddy entered land in the same township, Nov. 21, 1849. William Wells made the first entry in Township 94; Range 8 (West Union Township), of the northeast quarter of Section 17, Dec. 5, 1849. Thomas Woodle entered part of Section 18, Township 93, Range 9 (Center Township), Jan. 16, 1850. Philip Herzog made an entry in the same town- ship shortly after. Samuel Conner entered part of Section 14, Township 94, Range 7 (Pleas- ant Valley Township), Nov. 26, 1849. Gardner Waters, Sept. 23, 1850, entered parts of Sections 4 and 5, Town- ship 95, Range 9 (Auburn Township). Francis P. Rosier, L. Rosier, Jacob K. Rosier, George N. Rosier and Thomas Turner made first entries in Township 95, Range 8 (Dover Township), Sep. 28, 1850. Henry D. Evans entered part of Section 27, Township 95, Range 7 (Cler- mont Township), Dec. 27, 1850. James Austin entered part of Section 35, Township 95,- Range 10 (Eden Township), Jan. 27, 1851 ; and on the same date the same man entered the /3, f?7ri4jd WEST UNION HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 341 north half of the northwest quarter of Section 2, Township 94, Range 10 (Bethel Township). Henry Maynard entered the southwest quarter of Section 14, Township 92, Range 9 (Harlan), March 18, 1851. William A. Sims entered the southeast quarter of Section 21, Township 91, Range 10 (Oran Township), Nov. 3, 1851. James Nelson Pitkin ■ entered part of Section 35, Township 91, Range 9 (Jefferson Township), May 9, 1851. John C. Folsom entered the west half of northwest quarter of Section 25, Township 91, Range 7 (Putnam Township), Nov. 4, 1850. Theodore Wilson entered part of Section 30, Township 93, Range 10 (Banks Township), Jan. 6, 1852. Thomas Rand entered parts of Sections 31 and 32, Township 92, Range 10 (Fremont Township), Jan. 16, 1853. Peter L. Moe entered the south half of northeast quarter of Section 1, Township 91, Range 8 (Scott Township), Oct, 10, 1854. In November, 1848, snow fell to the depth of eighteen inches, and remained until April, 1849. It was a cold, hard Winter for the settlers of Fayette as weU as other sections of the State. In 1848-9, before the surveys were completed, and before the lands were in market, the settlers organized a Claim Society for the purpose of mutual pro- tection against claim jumpers. By the re-apportionment act, approved January 15, 1849, the counties of Dubuque, Clayton (including Fayette), Delaware, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Win- nesheik and Allamakee were entitled to two Senators, and the counties of Du- buque, Delaware, Buchanan and Black Hawk, three Representatives jointly, and the counties of Clayton, Fayette, Winnesheik and Allamakee shall have one Representative. April 23, 1849, William Wells, from Monroe, Greene County, Wisconsin, came to Knob Prairie and purchased the claim and cabin of David Smith, near the southwest corner of Section 17, occupied the premises and built a substan- tial log house. Mr. Wells was a skillful bee hunter. Wild bees were numer- ous, and this was a land literally " flowing with wild honey," if not with milk. The groves were full of "bee trees" and the pioneers always had plenty of honey and wax. They made candles of the latter. Holding a cake of wax to the fire until it became warm and plastic, thin slices were shaved off with a sharp knife. This wax would be wrapped around a piece of candle-wick (or when that was an unobtainable luxury, a piece of c:)tton cloth was substituted) and moulded to it by hand ; more wax was added to it in layers until sufficient size was attained, and the log cabins of the pioneers were illuminated with wax tapers that a king might envy. The mode of finding the bees was simple. The hunter was provided with a small box, in the bottom of which a piece of honey comb was placed ; this box was provided with a lid in which a piece of glass was set. There was also a slide by which the honey could be shut from the bees in the top. Sometimes a piece of bee bread was taken along to be burned to " toll " the bees. Arriv- ing at the scene of operation, the hunter watched until he found a bee on a flower, when he would quietly approach with his open box, suddenly shut the lid and the bee finding itself imprisoned would fly up against the glass, the slide would then be closed until the insect became quiet, when it would be gently opened and the bee would soon drop down upon the honey and go to work. The box was then opened and the bee rising in the air would circle round a few 342 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. times and then strike a " bee-line " for its tree. If it was near, it would be but a short time before there would be several bees return to the treasure the first had found, indicating some mode of communication between these indus- trious and intelligent insects ; watching their flight, the hunter was soon able to determine what direction to take and seldom failed to find, the tree. Mr. Wells was very successful, and, says Judge Rogers, "would often have several barrels of honey in his cabin at one time." The first letter received at the n€w settlement was written by Simeon B. Forbes, who was living where Elgin now stands, to his brother-in-law, "William Wells, in 1849, and was addressed to the latter at "Knob Prairie." The mes- senger was Thomas Wells, who carried back the answer addressed to Simeon B. Forbes, " Shin Bone Valley." In May, Henry F. Smith and Stephen Bailey settled near " Knob Prairie." Smith built a cabin on the southwest corner of Section 9. In July, Gabriel' Long and Joshua Wells located in the vicinity. • Oliver A. Brown settled in Township 94, Range 9, in May of the same year. Thomas Woodle, Thomas Douglass and Thomas B. Sturgis came and selected claims near the geographical center of the county, on aiid near Section 13, Town- ship 93, Range 9, in 1849, and near " Gamble's Grove," and returned for per- manent settlement in the. Spring of 1850, when M. V. Burdick, Peter Osborn, John Hanna and Phineas F. Sturgis settled near them. In the Spring of 1849, Harvey Light and Erastus A. Light made a settle- ment on Section 13, Township 93, Range 8, where Lima now stands, and built a saw-mill that year, also a sort of grist-mill or corn-cracker, and commenced grinding corn the next year. THE DROWNING OF YOUNG ROSIER. Early in June, 1849, several young men, among whom were Stephen Bailey, Sackett, Toombs, — Ryan and Dickson or Dickinson, went to the cabin of William M. Rosier, on Section 32, Town 95, Range 8, and desired him to go down to the Volga with them on a fishing excursion. He had a fine pair of horses and they said they wanted his team to haul their fish home. He declined to go that day, but said if they went, he would come down the next day and haul up their fish, and this arrangement was agreed upon. Accordingly, the next day young Rosier drove down to the Volga where he found the party just at night, encamped in an Indian wigwam, that stood on the banks of the stream, near Padelford's ford, which was near Culver's old trading house. The next morning he was drowned, and the following is the account given by his companions. Of course there were no other witnesses : They were fishing with a seine or net, it seems, and after setting it the next morning, it was suggested that one of the party should go up stream and beat down with a pole to drive the fish into the net. One after another declined to go because they could not swim, until young Rosier said he would go — he could swim. He went, they said, and in wading down stream stepped into a hole, sunk and never rose. They threw a rail toward him, but he did not rise. Instead of making an effort to get him out, his companions started off to find a man to help, and it was some time before his body was recovered, which was done by dragging with the seine. They put his body in his wagon and drove home to his cabin, but Henry Smith followed, had the body brought back to his house (as they said they were intending to dig a hole near his cabin and bury him there), where he received a decent burial. George N. Rosier states that his brother had several hundred dollars in silver and gold, but that none of it was found after his death. Whether he had it in a belt around his person when he was drowned or whether it was concealed in HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 343 his cabin has never been known. It is said that Ryan was afterward seen to have a belt full of silver and gold while at work harvesting near Padelford's that Fall. It is also stated that when the cabin built by Rosier in 1848, and occupied by Jacob Hoover, after his death, was torn down, the workmen found a mortise in one of the timbers supporting the puncheon floor, that might have been made and used as a " safe " for his money, by the unfortunate young man. Public opinion was divided on the question whetner Rosier was drowned acci- dentally — the prevailing impression favoring that construction — but that some one who knew where his money was kept stole it after his death, there can be but little doubt. THE FIRST CELEBRATION. The first celebration of the anniversary of the American nation, in Fayette County, so far as is known, was at Knob Prairie, July 4, 1849. The liberty pole, a fine "hickory elm," was cut in the grove 25 or 30 rods southwest of the southwest corner of the original plat of West Union. The ground embraced within the public square and Elm street south of it, was broken that Spring, and the liberty pole was erected on the knoll about 230 feet south of the spot where soon afterward the southeast- corner of the Public Square of West Union was established; near it the speakers' stand was erected, and a little way south of it was a fine spring. Stephen Bailey was the President of the day, Simeon B. Forbes, Reader of the Declaration, and Samuel Wilson and Rev. Joseph Forbes were th e Orators. There were no newspapers then to report and preserve the details of the pioneer celebration, but Mr. Button and others who were present, declare that the day was celebrated in "good old-fashioned style," audit is to be presumed that the occasion was enjoyed quite as heartily as later and more elaborate cele- brations have been. During the day, Gabriel Long and Solomon Bishop arrived at the new settlement. Benjamin Ilifi", in some reminiscences, written January 14, 1868, for the Historical and Pioneers Association, gives the following account of the celebration : But hearing that the few settlers in the county proposed to meet on the ground now occupied by the county seat, to celebrate the 4th of July, I determined to be one of the jolly company. Arriving on the ground, found two or three ox teams, some fifteen or twenty men, and a few ladies (then commonly called women) who were trying to shelter themselves from the burning sun in the shade of the wagons. Some kind of an elevation was there for a speakers' stand, but no shelter from the sun. We were called to order, I believe, by Mr. Bailey, who was the Presi- dent of the day ; listened to the reading of the Declaration of Independence by Mr. S. B. Forbes, and a few short speeches, from whom I do not recollect. Our accommodations for being seated while the speaking was going on was in no way limited, we had the entire West Union Prairie, beautifully carpeted with the verdure of Summer, on which we all sat to hear what our speakers had to say. There was no disturbance, except by two surly mastiffs, who patroled the winding alleys among the audience, each seeming to say " I am monarch of all I survey, my right there is none to dispute." But just as the speaker had reached the point of interest in his subject the two dogs had bred a quarrel, and a hint by way of a kick from one of the audience brought on a deadly conflict in the canine family. Many of the audience sought refuge in the distance. Such is life. After the battle was over, we listened to the finishing of the speeches — saw some old friends with whom we had met in other days, and had a very pleasant time conversing about the future prospects of this new country. A painful accident happened a few days previous to this gathering, which was the drowning of the young Mr. Rosier, in the Volga, which was the subject of much conversation on this occa- sion, and many sad countenances might be seen while we listened to the painful recital. WEST UNION. About the time of this celebration, William Wells conceived the idea of laying out a town on Knob Prairie, and had decided to call it West Union, 344 ■ HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. because he liked the name of Union, and added " West" to it because there was a West Union in Ohio, his native State. Soon afterward, during the month of July, Jacob LyBrand and Jacob W. Rogers, also from Monroe, Wis., visited this locality, made arrangements with Mr. Wells, with whom they were acquainted, for the purchase of a two-thirds' interest in sixty acres, on which the new town of West Union was to be located, and for founding the town". After perfecting the preliminary arrangements, LyBrand and Rogers went back to Wisconsin, but returned to West Union on September 7th, following, with a stock of goods, which were put into Wells' cabin, and the first store in the county was opened. Mr. Rogers brought his family, his wife and child, with him. Soon after their arrival, in September, the town of West Union, located on the northeast quarter of Section 17, Township 94 north, of Range 8 west, was laid out. The surveying was done by Erastus A. Light. Early in October, Mr. Rogers commenced building the first house on the town plat, on Block 17. It was built of hewed logs, 18x26 feet, one and one-half stories, and was finished and occupied by Mr. Rogers and his family December 25, 1849. The roof was covered with long shingles, and lumber was hauled from Elkader for the floors. Although the town was surveyed in September, 1849, the proprietors dis- covered that it was necessary that it should be surveyed and platted by a County Surveyor, to comply with the laws. Accordingly, early in the next Spring, the town was re-surveyed. Fayette County was not organized, and, consequently, the work was done by the County Surveyor of Clayton Countyj to which Fayette was then attached. The point of beginning from which to make future surveys may be found at the southeast corner of the Public Square, where a stone is planted for the corner. The plat is certified by John M. Gay, County Surveyor of Clayton County, April 29, 1850, and sworn to by the proprietors, William Wells, Jacob LyBrand and J. W. Rogers, proprietors, before Robert R. Reed, Notary Public, June 28, 1850, filed for record the same day, and recorded June '29, 1850. Again filed for record June 8, 1858, and recorded December 11, 1858. The proprietors appropriated the Public Square, 400 feet square, to the use of Fayette County for public buildings, provided the county seat should be located in West Union ; and if the county seat should not be located at West Union, or be removed from it, then said square to be for the use of the village. The Otter Creek Mission Circuit was established by the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1849, by the Conference of which Rev. G. B. Bowman was Presid- ing Elder, but no appointment was made, and it was left to be supplied by the Presiding Elder, who secured the services of Rev. John Hinman for Circuit Preacher. Mr. Hinman preached his first sermon in West Union in 1849, probably in September, at the house of H. F. Smith, it is said. Of this meeting, probably, the following incident is related : PIONEER CHURCH GOING. In September, 1849, shortly after Benjamin Iliflf settled on Section 7, Township 95, Range 8, he heard that there was to be a religious meeting at Mr. Smith's cabin, at West Union. Mr. Uiff was anxious to attend, but was at some loss to know how to manage. He could not think of leaving his wife and two small children at the cabin alone, the nearest neighbor being four miles away. If he went with the oxen and wagon and took them with him, there would be nobody to take care of the cows and young cattle at home. But where there HISTORY OF FAYETFE COUNTY. 345 was a will there was a way. Mr. Iliff was determined to "go to meetin'." He hitched up his team, put his wife and children in the wagon, hitched his horse, "Old Nance," behind the wagon, and the cattle, so lately coming from Wiscon- siif in that way, very readily fell into the procession, and away they all went to meeting at West .Union, where the family enjoyed a good time and the stock found rich pasture, returning home, after the meeting was over, in the order in which they came. It was only a little incident, but it gives an insight into pioneer life and customs. What citizen of Eldorado, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, would think of going to West Union to church, driving a yoke of oxen attached to a wagon in which his family should be seated on some straw, with his horse led by a halter and his cows and young stock bringing up the rear ? And yet, the sturdy pioneers of 1849 enjoyed it, and entered into the worship of Almighty God with quite as much earnestness and sincerity as characterizes much of the religious worship in these modern times. They did not "go to meetin' " to show their new bonnets or Spring overcoats, nor were they too proud to ride in an ox cart. They went to attend to the spiritual necessities of their being, and cared very little for external show. The first quarterly meeting was held near Otter Creek, at the house, it is said, of George Smith, about three miles east of West Union, about June 1, 1850. The first quarterly conference was composed of Rev. G. B. Bowman, Presiding Elder ; Rev. H. S. Brunson, Rev. John Hinman, Rev. Eli Elrod, Benjamin Iliif, J. W. Foster, James Robinson and G. P. Slayton. It is possi- ble that this was the second meeting, and that the first was held in September, in 1849. In October, 1849, Jacob W. Rogers went to Quasqueton, where he sold his horse and buggy to Denton M. Davis, the owner of the mill at that place, for $130, in grain, flour and pork, and returned to West Union, forty-five miles on foot. During the Winter of 1850-51, he went to Quasqueton with a team for a load of grain, and on his return it was so cold that he was obliged to walk beside the wagon the entire distance to prevent freezing. In spite of his eflforts, how- ever, when he reached home about 10 o'clock at night, his nose, ears, face and hands were frost-bitten, and it was several weeks before he recovered from the effects of his journey. AUBURN TOWNSHIP. In 1847, Fayette County was included in Hewitt Township, Clayton County. The first township created in Fayette County was by order of the County Com- missioners of Clayton, Oct. 1, 1849, as follows: Ordered, that, whereas, a petition having been presented from Fayette County, signed by David Smith, John Downey and others, praying to be set off into a township, with the follow- ing bounds, viz.: Township 95, Range 9 ; north half. Township 94, Range 9 ; west half. Town- ship 95, Range 8, boundary of said township, be and hereby is received, and the first election at M. B. Earle's, at a newly commenced village known by the name of Auburn, and that the Clerk is hereby requested to notify them of the acceptance of their petition, and also with such instructions as he may deem proper. The Commissioners appointed no Judges of Election for the new township, and there are no records to show that the township was organized at that time. WEST UNION- TOWNSHIP. The following order of the Clayton Commissioners appears of record October 3,1849: -^ Ordered, that, whereas, a petition has been presented this day by William Rogers (Wells ?) and others, from Fayette County, asking to be set off into a township, with the following bounds, VIZ.: Township 94, Range 8 ; east half. Township 95, Range 8, be and hereby is received, and 346 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. that said township be called West Union, and that William Cavanaughj Aaron South and William Feloh be and hereby are appointed Judges of the first election to be held at William Wells', or at West Union, if house prepared, be and hereby is received, and the Clerk is hereby instructed to notify them of the reception, and with other instructions as the Clerk thinks proper. Very soon after this order- of the Commissioners, an election was held at the house of William Wells. Mr. South, one of the appointed Judges of Election, was absent, and the election was held before another could be appointed. No records of this election are known to be in existence, but it appears that Gabriel Long was elected Justice of the Peace. • ELKADER TO WEST UNION. . January 8, 1850, on petition of Horace Bemis and others, for a road from Elkader to West Union, and thence by the most eligible route to intersect the road from Dubuque to Fort Atkinson, granted; and William Wells, Oliver A. Brown and James Partch appointed Viewers. The first Post OflSce in the county was established at West Union January 29, 1850, Jacob W. Rogers, Postmaster. The petition for the establishment of this office was sent in August or September, 1849, before the town was laid out. The next office was at Douglass (Auburn) May 28, 1850 Daniel McDuffie, Postmaster. In" the Spring of 1850, Daniel Cook built the second building, which was' the first store on the town plat of West Union. It was a small building that stood very nearly at the south end of the building, now known as the " Stewart House," on Lot 5, Block 13, south side of Elm street. Cook also commenced building a hotel at the corner of Elm and Vine during the same year. Pleasant Valley Township or precinct was established by the Commissioners of Clayton County April 8, 1850, comprised of Townships 94 and 95, Range 7. Polling place, house of John Conner ; Judges of Election, Benjamin Dimond, John Conner and Joseph Forbes. On the same day the Commissioners ordered a road survey from McGre- gor's Landing to West Union, and appointed Simeon B. Forbes, John Thomp- son and Matthew Thompson, Viewers. An election is reported at the house of George Rowley for the organization of Pleasant Valley Township, held, probably, immediately after the above order of the Commissioners, although they had ordered the voting place to be at house of John Conner. At the election it is said that C. Sawyer, Geo. Rowley and Matthew Conner were the Judges, and Geo. Rowley was elected Justice of the Peace for Township 94, Range 7, and Charles Sawyer for Township 95, Range 7, but there are no records to substantiate the report. TOWNSHIP ELECTION. The first election of which any records remain, in West Union Precinct or Township, of Fayette County, then attached to Clayton, occurred on the first Monday in April, 1850. The original poll book and tally list of this election was preserved among the papers of the late William Wells, Esq., and furnished by his son, Hamilton C. Wells, for this work. Poll book for an election held at the house of William Wells, for the precinct of West Union, in Fayette County, Iowa, on the first Monday In April, 1850, for the purpose of electing the necessary oflicers for said precinct. Voters : Henry F. Smith, Henry Jones, Thomas Smith, Jacob F. Smith, Samuel Rice, Louis Kerr, Jacob Oorv, John Kerr, George Smith, Gabriel Long, Joshua Wells, William Wells, J. W. Rogers, George Meff, Joseph Deford. Tally List. — For School Fund Commissioner — Eliphalet Price, 13 For Justice of the Peace — Jacob W. Rogers, 7 ; William P. Kavanaugh, 13 ; Henry F. Smith, 2 ; Gabriel Long. 4. For ( Constable— George Neff, 12; Henry Jones, 13. For Trustees— William Wells, 10; HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 347 William Root, 11 ; George Smith, 11. For Treasurer — Gabriel Long, 10. For Town Clerk — Henry Jones, 10 ; .John Kerr, 3. For Supervisors — Samuel Rice, 10 ; John Kerr, 7 ; William P. Kavanaugh, 11 ; J.oshua Wells, 4; Thomas J. Smith, 7; Jacob Cory, 1 ; William Root, 1 ; Solomon Bishop, 1. We do solemnly certify that the above named persons have received the number of votes opposite their names. Jacob W. Rogers, | Georok NEFf, i- .Judges of Election. WiLLTAM Wells, j Joshua Wells, ■l(.i^^,^^_ Gabriel Long. ( Rev. James Davis, a United Brethren preacher, with his family came to the county in August, 1849, and settled in Dover Township, but in the Spring flf 1850 removed to Lightville (now Lima), having rented Harvey Light's place, his son William cutting out the road from West Union to Lightville. During the Summer, Mr. Davis built a log cabin about a mile below Light's Mill, on the south side of the Volga, on Section 19, Township 93, Range 7 (lUyria Township). The only other house in the vicinity was that of Andrew Hensley, built the previous year. Mr. Davis died April 11, 1854, and in 1856 his widow married Rev. John Brown, the pioneer preacher of this region, well known as a LTnited Brethren preacher in Delaware, Clayton and Fayette Coilnties. Mrs. Davis was his third wife. Mr. Davis was among the earliest ministers to .settle in Fayette County, and is said to have preached the first ser- mon in Dover and West Union Townships. In the Fall of 1850, after Mr. Davis had moved into his new cabin, his sons WUham and Ambrose D., the former about 17, and the latter six or seven years old, started to go to the river about a quarter of a mile distant, fishing. Ambrose, the little shaver, was carrying the bait and was several rods behind his brother, when he came to a very large basswood tree that had blown down. Will- iam had passed around it, but Ambrose clambered over it. While standing on it, he noticed a peculiar depression in the bark toward the top of the tree, and running along until he came to the place, he broke through and fell into the tree, which was hollow, and the wood had decayed and fallen away from the bark. In fall- ing, the boy's feet struck something inside that frightened him. The tree was so large that he couldn't get out alone, and he yelled. William came running back, fearing that a snake had attacked his little brother, and lifted him out of the trap into which he had fallen. Upon further examination, the boys found a two-gallon jug about half full of whisky, a nice Indian tomahawk, three fish- ing spear heads — made of iron and about twelve inches long — and a large stone pipe, cut out of some kind of red stone and nicely polished, and the fragments of a blue blanket. The boys carried the articles to the house, and Ambrose says his father thought that they had been deposited by Indians who had got drunk, wandered off and forgot where they left them. From appearances, they had been hidden in the old tree several years before, and the more probable explanation is that the redskin who left them there took a dose of lead, laid down suddenly and died, leaving his estate to be settled by the Davis boys. THE PRAIRIE BANDITTI. It was not to be expected that Fayette County, now rapidly filling up with a hardy, enterprising and energetic population, should entirely escape the notice of the dreaded gang of Prairi^ Banditti that had, for some years, been the terror of the honest settlers, but which, in 1850, had lost its power in a great measure. This band was admirably organized, reached and had its agents in every class of society, who, if they did not actually commit crime, aided and 348 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. abetted those •who did, and assisted them to escape from the penalties of the law, when, by some untoward accident, any of them were detected and arrested. In the zenith of its reign of terror, this band numbered among its members Jus- tices of the Peace, Constables. Sheriffs, etc. It is not the purpose of this work to recount the many outrages committed by that band, some of which were in this county, for evil deeds, generally, live longer in tradition than good ones, hence, history should be devoted mainly to the preservation of the latter, and only brief mention will be made of this matter in this work. Fayette County wafe not headquarters for the leaders of the gang, but that they had emissaries and assistants here, there can but little doubt. Among those who were connected with the gang more or less directly, in the more southern counties, were the Leverichs, and it is said that Chauncey Leverich, who came to Fayette County early in 1850, if not in 1849, was a member of that family, and it was generally supposed that he was connected with the gang, and knew more about their operations than he chose to tell. He was in West Union in 1850, and on the 22d of February, 1851, William Wells sold him, "for twenty- iSve dollars, to be paid in one fanning-mill," Lots Nos. 1 and 10, Block 13, in the village of West Union, upon the condition that the said Leverich should " erect a two-story building, 20x34, and to have said building enclosed by the 1st day of July, A. D. 1851." This was designed for a public house, and was built on the site where the Descent House now stands, but Leverich soon after sold it and went to Clermont. Leverich was not unpopular, but people feared while they liked him. Leverich left here in the Fall of 1853, went to Minne- sota, laid out the town of Austin, and was killed in 1854, by a party of fellows who wanted " more whisky." Following is a copy of a notice received by William Wells from the Com- missioners of Clayton County : To WiLi.TAM WtLLs : You are hereby notified that the Board of County Commissioners, at their January meeting, appointed you, with Oliver A. Brown and Horace Bemis, Commissioners to view a route for a road, asked for by petition, running from Elkader westwairdly, on the most eligible route, to West Union, in Fayette County, near the head of Otter Creek ; thence, on the most eligible route to intersect the road leading from Dubuque to Fort Atkinson, and tliat you meet at Elkader, on the 7th day of May, 1850, to enter upon the discharge of your duties, with power to employ County Surveyor, chain-men, etc. By order of the Boftrd. Garnavillo, 12th Jan., A. D. 1850. Attest. Robert R. Read, Clerk Co. Com. C. C, I. The first deed of record in Fayette County was made July, 24, 1850, by William Wells, Eliza Wells, J. W. Rogers and Sarah Jane Rogers, conveying, in consideration of one dollar, certain lots in the town of West Union to Jacob LyBrand. The subscribing witnesses were Gabriel Long and Hiram Barll ; the acknowledgment was made before James B. Earll, J. P. The deed was filed for record at 10 A. M., December 6, 1850, and recorded by Joseph N. B. Elliot, Deputy Recorder, July 14, 1851. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. By an act entitled " An act for the organization of Pottawattomie and other counties," approved February 24, 1847, the General Assembly provided for the organization of Pottawattomie County "at any time when, in the opinion of the Judge of the Fourth Judicial District, the public good may require such organization." The organizing Sheriff was to be appointed by the Judge. After specifying all the details. Section 9 of the act provides as follows : Sec. 9. That any unorganized county in this State, the boundaries of the same being fixed by law, may become organized in the same manner provided for by this act for the organization HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 349 of Pottawattomie County, provided, that the time of holding the first special election shall be fixed ; and the appointment of the organizing or first Sheriff shall be made by the Judge of the Judicial District in which said county may be situated ; and the first Sheriff may be qualified by the Clerk of the District Court of some adjoining county, and file his bond and oath of ofiioe in the office of said Clerk. Under the authority conferred by this act upon the Judges of District Courts, it is to be inferred that the Judge of the Second Judicial District appointed R. R. Richardson the first or organizing Sheriff of Fayette County ; but there are no records to fix the fact or the date thereof. Capt. Richardson was appointed to that ofiice, and the 15th day of July, 1850, was fixed as the time for holding the first election. Whether the time was fixed by the Judge or Sheriff, cannot now be determined, as Sheriff Richardson's papers were burned several years ago. Sheriff Richardson divided the county into voting precincts, and appointed Judges of Election. From a portion of his precept to Rogers, Wells and Root, preserved among Mr. Wells' papers, it would seem that there were but two voting precincts in the county, viz., West Union and Auburn ; but it is hardly to be supposed that the election precinct, or precincts, in the older part of the county, south of the "neutral line," were left out, and certainly they did not vote at West Union. The returns of the votes, as made to the Sheriff, would show how it was, but those returns, if Richardson filed them in the county archives, were burned in 1872, when the Court House was set on fire by an escaping prisoner. The portion of the first precept above mentioned is as follows : J. W. Bogers, William Wells and William Root are appointed Judges of Election, and are required to make their returns to me, at my residence, on or before the 22d day of July. Mr. J. W. Rogers will administer the oath (taking it himself at the same time) to Judges and Clerks of Election. They will call to their assistance two Clerks of Election. N. B. All the settlements in and belonging to Fayette County, State of Iowa, not belonging to Auburn Precinct previously, will belong to West Union Precinct from this date until otherwise arranged. Dated at Jacob Lybrau's store, this June 23d, A. D. 1850. R. B. BICHVRDSON, Organizing Sheriff of said County. THE FIRST ELECTION. For the reason before stated, viz., the burning of the Court House, and with it many records and documents of historic value, the result of that election in the county cannot now be ascertained, although the original poll books and tally lists ought to be in existence, as only certified copies of them were required to be made to the organizing Sheriff, and these have been destroyed. The poll book of the election for organizing the county of Fayette, State of Iowa, held at the house of William Wells, in the township of West Union, on Monday, July 15, 1850, however, has been preserved by Judge Rogers. The names of 27 voters are recorded as follows : J. F. Smith, A. Butler, Gr. Stan- berry, M. Conner, J. Wells, T. J. Smith, M. Wells, Geo. W. Neff, G. Long, S. B. Forbes, J. Deford, Jacob W. Rogers, John Conner, J. C. Smith. William Wells, William Felch. William Root, H.- F- Smith, Henry Jones, C. H. Pack- ard, G. R. Rowley, William P. Kavanaugh, L. Dutton, Samuel Rice, G. Smith, J. Kerr. The Judges of Election were J. W. Rogers, William Root and William Wells ; Clerks, John Conner and Josiah C. Smith. The tally list of the election is also preserved on the same sheet of paper, and is as follows : Jared Taylor received for County Commissioner, 2-5 ; William P. Kavanaugh, 27 ; James B. Earll, 16; J. E. Robertson, 1 ; Harvey Light, 2. George W. Neff received for Clerk of Commis- sioners' Court, 24; Hiram Earll, 2. Henry Jones received for Sheriff, 26. Hiram W. Earll, for 350 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Clerk of District Court, 16; Geo. W. Neff, 1 ; Erastus Light, 1. Erastus Light, for Recorder of Deeds, 19; Benjamin IlifF, 1. Benjamn Iliff, for Judge of Probate, 23. William Root, for Jus- tice of the Peace, 6 ; John Conner, 22 ; Henry Smith, 10 ; J. W. Rogers, 5. J. M. Lott, for Con- stable, 19; Josiah C. Smith, 21. THE FIRST GENERAL ELECTION. The special election for the organization of Fayette County was held July 15, 1850, and it is to be presumed that the general election took place on the first Monday in August. There can be found no records in this county to show how many precincts or how many voters there were in Fayette County in 1850. The census of that year gives Fayette a population of 835. The vote of the county at the first general election in August, 1850, as returned to the ofiSce of Secretary of State, was as follows : For Governor — Stephen Hempstead had 38 votes; James L. Thompson, 63 ; William Penn Clark, 1. For Representa- tive to Congress, Second District — Lincola Clark, 37 ; William H. Henderson, 62 ; John H. Dayton, 1. For Secretary of State— George W. McCleary, 38 ; Isaac Cook, 64. Auditor of State — William Pattee, 37 ; William H. Seevers, 63 ; Norman Isabel, 1. Treasurer of State — Israel Kister, 37 ; Evan Jay, 63; Clark Alexander, 1. Judging from these returns, there appear to have been 102 voters in Fayette County in August, 1850, two years after the removal of the Winneba- goes. But whether county officers were again elected at the August election, as seems to have been provided by the law of 1847, under which the county was organized, cannot now be determined, as either the records never were made, or they were burned, lost or otherwise destroyed. COUNTY commissioners' COURT. There are no records in existence in Fayette County to indicate who were the first county officers, elected in July and August, 1850, except the original records of the County Commissioners, on a half quire of cap paper stitched together. These show that the County Commissioners were William Wells, Charles Sawyer and Jared Taylor, and that C. M. Jones was Clerk of the Board; but who filled the offices of Sheriff', Recorder, Treasurer, Clerk of Courts, etc., during the first year of the political existence of Fayette County, are not matters of record. From the West Union poll book, it appears that at the election in July, 1850, Henry Jones received a unanimous vote in that precinct for Sheriff; Geo. W. Neif was a candidate for Clerk of Commissioners' Court, Hiram W. Earll for Clerk of District Court, Erastus Light for Recorder, and Benjamin Iliff for Judge of Probate, and were elected, so far as that precinct was con- cerned, but how the other precincts voted cannot now be determined ; nor is there any record of the election in August, so that it cannot now be known who were the first county officers, except the organizing Sheriff and County Com- missioners. Jared Taylor, one of the Commissioners, took and subscribed the oath of office July 26, 1850. The first recorded meeting of the first and only Board of County Commis- sioners of Fayette County was held August 26, 1850, probably at the house of William Wells, at West Union. The county had no seat of justice at that time. The first act of the Board was to create road districts, as follows : No. 1 — Township 94 north, of Range 8 west. No. 2^Township 9-5, Range 7. No. 3 — Township 98, Range 7. No. 4 — Township 9o, Ringe 7. Henry F. Smith was appointed Super- visor of District No. 1, Chauncy Leverich of No. 2, Oliver P. Gallagher of No. 3, and Morris B. Earll of No. 4. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 351 The following order clearly indicates elections in July and August, for, although the county treasury had no local habitation and no money, the Commissioners Ordered, That the Clerk issue orders for the Judges and Clerks of the July and August elections. The next recorded action is dated October 8, 1851, but this is clearly a clerical error of the Clerk, as the meeting was held October 8, 1850. At this meeting it was ordered : Ordered, Whereas, a petition ha« been presented to the Board, that's, road be granted to com- mence at the east line of the county, on or near Section 24, Township No. 92 north, of Range 7 west, thence to the Brooks' settlement on the Volga, and thence to West Union, and that Stephen H. Ludlow, Chancy Brooks and Zophar Perkins be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at the house of Jared Taylor on the 19th of November, 1850. CIVIL TOWNSHIP CREATED. At the same meeting on the same day, the following Order creating several civil townships and appointing Judges of Election therein, was passed : Ordered, that the following townships be set off into electoral'precincts : Townships No. 92 and 93 north of Range 8 west, and 93 of Range 9 west, named Westfield ; place of holding the election, at the house of Stephen H. Ludlow; Judges of Election, Michael Hinman, Stephen H. Ludlow and Andrew Hensley. Township No. 92 north of Range 7 west, and the south half of Town 93, north of Range 7 west, named Fairfield ; place of holding the election, the house of Jared Taylor ; Judges of elec- tion, Daniel Finney, Henry Baker and David King. Township No. 94 north, of Range 8 west, and the northwest quarter of Town 93 north. Range 7 west, named West Union ; place of holding the election, the house of William Wells ; Judges of Election, William P. Kavenaugh, Henry F. Smith and Lorenzo Button. Township No 94 north, of Range 7 west, and the northeast quarter of No. 93 north, of Range 7 west, named Pleasant Valley ; place of holding the election, the house of Joseph Forbes ; J'udges of Election, Joseph Forbes, John Connor and Simeon B. Forbes. Township No. 95 north, of Range 7 west, named Clermont. Township No. 95 north, of Range 8 west, named Dover ; place of holding the election, the house of Eli Elrod ; Judges of Election, Jacob Hoover, Benjamin Iliff and Eli Elrod. Township No. 95 north, of Range 9 west,'and Town 94 north, of Range 9 west, named Auburn ; place of holding the election, the house of Morris B. Earll; Judges of Election, Oliver Brown, Morris B. Earll and James Austin. Ordered, That Township No. 94 north, of Range 9 west, be attached to Road District No. 4. Nov. 2, 1850, Ordered, That an election be held on the third Monday in November, for the purpose of organizing into townships, as set off at the October session. Board adjourned until January. SCHOOL FUND COMMISSIONER. Joseph W. Foster appears to have been the first School Fund Commissioner in Fayette County, but how he came to be such is not shown by the records now existing. Judge Rogers says that at the election in July or August, no Com- missioner was elected, and that the Clerk of Court, Prosecuting Attorney and Sheriff must have appointed him, although he does not know who those officers were. The appointment was made upon the presumption that as there had been no election, there was a vacancy which the county officers above named were authorized to fill. But then arose the question whether, if there had been no election, there was a vacancy to be filled. To provide against all contingencies, by act of the third General Assembly, approved February 5, 1851, " the appointment of Joseph W. Foster as School Fund Commissioner of Fayette County and his acts as such were made valid and binding in law." The first recorded act of the School Fund Commissioner, was a deed, dated January 8, 1851, of the south half of southeast quarter and southeast quarter of southwest quarter of Section 16, Town 94, Range 8, to William Kilroy, for one dollar and eighty-seven and a half cents an acre. s52 history of fayette county. commissioners' court. The Board of County Commissioners again met January 6, 1851, when the following orders relating to roads in the new county were passed : Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to com- mence at West Union, from thence in an easterly direction fo George Smith's; thence in the nearest and best route to Simeon B. Forbes'; and thence to follow the line between Sections 22 and 15, in Township No. 94, north of Range 7 west; thence due east to the county line; and that Francis S. Palmer, George Smith and Samuel Holtou be appointed Viewers of said road ; to meet at West Union on the 10th day of February, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to com- mence at the east line of the county, at or near the northeast corner of Section 13, Township No. 94 north, of Range 7 west; thence to cross Turkey KiTer at the mouth of Otter Creek ; thence southwest on the most practicable route until it shall intersect the road leading from West Union to the county line, and that Francis L. Palmer, George Smith and Samuel H"lton be appointed Viewers on said road ; to meet at the commencement, or as soon as practicable after the first is finished. January 7, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to commence at West Union ; thence to the northeast corner of Section 18, Township No. 93, of Range 8 west ; thence to follow the range line one mile, between Ranges 8 and 9 ; thence to the upper ford of Volgi, and thence in the nearest and best route to the county line, toward Fort Clark ; and that William P. Kavanaugh, William Root and Thomas Woodle be appointed Viewers on said road ; to meet at West Union on the 28th day of January, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to com- mence at Elrod's mill, running in a southeast direction upon the moat direct route practicable, by way of Turner's, Hoover's Hartsough's and Brunson's; thence to intersect the road leading from West Union to McGregor's Landing on the Mississippi River ; and that Eli Elrod, Hiram Jack- son and H. S. Brunson be appointed Viewers on said road ; to meet at Eli Elrod's, on the 27th of January, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board that a road be granted, to com- mence at Clermont, from thence to intersect the line between Chancy Leverich's and John Hender- shot's, thence south on said line to Case's house, thence down the river to the ford, thence to the east line of the county at or near the northeast corner of Section 24, Township No 94 north, of Range 7 west, and that Chancy Leverich, John Conner and James B. Stephenson be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at C'ermont, on the 24th day of February, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board that a road be granted, to commence at Clermont, thence to bear a southern direction until it strikes Turkey River, thence down said river until it strikes the Section line between 10 and 11, then due south to the quarter- post between Sections 22 and 23, in Township No. 94 north, of Range 7 west, thence on the best route to J. B. Stephenson's, thence to the 12-mile post, on the road leading from Elkader to West Union, and that Chancy Leverich, John Conner and James B. Stephenson be appointed Viewers on sa'd road, to meet as soon as convenient, after the other is finished. At this meeting, the Board provided for the payment of its members for services rendered. Although the vote of West Union, in July, 1850, indicated the election of Henry Jones for Sheriff, the following order seems to point to the election of George W. Neff, either at that or the general election in August, or that he had been appointed. There had been no judicial courts, but that the Sheriff had had some business is evident : Ordered, That George W. Neff receive $12, for his services as Sheriff. Self-Protection. — Before courts were known in Fayette County, and before the County Judge system went into operation, the people of West Union and vicinity held a meeting June 7, 1851, for the purpose of organizing a society for protection against horse thieves and petty larceny. At this meeting', Dr. Cruzan, J. W. Rogers and E. C. Sooy were appointed to draft resolutions (probably a constitution) who reported. A fragment of the record of this meeting, preserved among the papers of William Wells, preserves a portion of the names of the members, as follows : William Root, J. W. Rogers, Thomas Woodle, Dr. Cruzan, E. C. Sooy, Gabriel Long, William Wells, Jacob Rozier, Elijah Pence, George N. Rozier, William P. Kavanaugh, Jacob Hoover, Edwin Smith, Stephen Reeves, HISTORY OF FAYETT COUNTY. 353 H. L. Smith, H. Jones, Wells, Joseph N. B. Elliott, Smith, Nicholas Russell, Thomas Russell, George Morrison, Abram I. House, Mathew Wells, William Russell. Gabriel Long was elected President ; E. C. Sooy, Secretary ; William Wellsy Treasurer, and the meeting adjourned until the first Saturday in July, 1851. No further records of this Society have been preserved, and, as courts were established the next year, it is probable that it soon " lapsed." LOCATION OP THE COUNTY SEAT. We have now the somewhat singular spectacle of a county fully organized without any county seat. When the Third General Assembly convened at Iowa City December 3, 1850, this county was part of the District represented in the House by Eliphalet Price, to whom, prior to January 1, 1851, the people of the county had sent several petitions asking for the appointment of Commission- ers to locate a county seat. In a letter to William AVells, dated January 1, 1851, Mr. Price acknowl- edged the receipt of the petition, but stated that there vrere objections to that mode of location, and thought the submission of several most eligible points to a vote of the people the most satisfactory method. In accordance with his views and, probably, with the approval of his Fayette constituents, Mr. Price drafted a bill, which, in due time, became a law, as follows : All Act to Locate the County Seat of Fayette County : Section 1. Be it enncted, etc., that the legal voters of Fayette County may vote, on the first Monday of April next, for the five following points, to wit: Centerville, at the center of said county; Lightville, near Light Mill, on the Volga River; West Union, Auburn and Clermont; and if, upon canvassing the vote, it is afcertained that any one point has received a mfijority of all the votes cast, then ihat shall be and remain the permanent seat of justice of said Fayette County ; but if no one point shall receive such majority, then the legal voters of said county may vote, on the first Monday of May thereafter, for the two points which received the highest number of votes at the April election, and also for such points, if there be any, that shall have received a like number of votes with either of the two highest as aforesaid ; and the point receiv- ing the highest number of votes shall be and remain the permanent seat of justice of the county of Fayette. Provided, That the owner or owners of such town or point, shall, within ten days after the result of said election has been declared, make and execute to the Board of County Commission- ers of said county, a good and sufScient deed, for at least two acres of land in said town or at said point, for the use and accommodation of the public buildings of said county. Approved, January '21, 1851. There are no records now in existence to the number of votes each of the places named in the act received on the first Monday of April, 1851, but at that election West Union received as many votes as all the other locations, wanting one vote of a majority, and Lightville (afterward Volga City and now Lima) ha-d the next highest number. At the election on the first Monday in May, to decide between West Union and Lightville, West Union received a majority of 35, and was made the seat of justice of Fayette County by the people thereof. In this connection, the singular fact is remarked that although that part of the county included in the Black Hawk Purchase, south of the neutral line, was open to settlement by the white race at least ten years before the extinguish- ment of the Indian title to the northern part, yet the latter was settled first, and the center of population has always been north of the geographical center. By the apportionment made Feb. 5, 1851, the counties of Clayton, Fayette, Allamakee, Winnesheik, Howard, Mitchell, Floyd and Chickasaw, were entitled to two Representatives, and the counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Grundy, Butler, Bremer, Clayton, Fayette, Alamakee, Winnesheik, Howard, Mitchell, Floyd and Chickasaw, were to have three Senators. Under 354 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. this apportionment in 1852, Fayette was represented in the Fourth General Assembly by John Garber, of Clayton, and Edwin Montgomery, of Fayette, in the House, and by John G. Shields and Warner Lewis, of Dubuque, and Maturin L. Fisher, in the Senate. INCREASE OF MAIL FACILITIES DEMANDED. A joint resolution of the General Assembly entitled "A joint resolution asking an increase of mail facilities," approved Feb. 5, 1851, instructed the Senators and requested the Representatives in Congress from Iowa to use their influence to procure the passage of an act of Congress securing to the people forty-six mail routes, among which were one (1) for Colesburg, in Delaware County, by way of Lodomillo, Strawberry Point, Lightsville and Centerville, to West Union, in Fayette County ; one (7) from Monona, in Clayton County, by way of Clermont, to West Union ; one (29) from Centerville, in Fayette County, by way of Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, to the county seat of Marshall County ; one (32) from Delhi, in Delaware County, by way of Acers' Mill, Turner's Mill to Fayetteville, in Fayette County. STATE ROADS. By Section 28, of "An Act to locate and establish certain State roads therein named," approved Feb. 5, 1851, George G. Borden and Michael Uriel, of Clayton County, and Charles Sawyer, of Fayette County, were appointed Com- missioners to locate and establish a State road from Guttenberg, in Clayton County to Louisville, in Winnesheik County, by way of Elkader, Clayton County, and Clermont in Fayette County. By Section 42, of the same act, Wesley Tibbetts, of Bremer County, Ansel Rudsdill, of Clayton County, and George W. Neff, of Fayette County, were appointed Commissioners to locate and establish a State road from Lower Big Woods, in Bremer County, by way of Centerville, West Union and Clermont, in Fayette County, to intersect the road from Monona to McGregor's Landing, in Clayton County. COUNTY ROADS. At the session of the County Commissioners, April 8, 1851, the following orders for viewing county roads asked for by the people, viz.: Ordered. Where" s, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to commence at or near the corner of Sections 28, 29, 32 and 33, in Township No. 95 north of Range 8 west, and running due south upon the line between Sections 4 and 5 in Township No. 94 north of Range 8 west, until it shall reach the town plat of West Union, and that Samuel Rice, Absalom Butler and Elisha Hartsough be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at the house of Elisha Hartsough on the 21st day of April, 1851. Ordered. Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to commence at the center of the road leading from Elkader, by way of West Union, to the Mission, some 8 or 10 rods south of the northwest corner of Section 5, in Township No. 94 north, of Range 8 West, and running north until it shall intersect the road leading from Elrod's Mill to Clermont, and that Samuel Rice, Absalom Butler and Elisha Hartsough be appointed Viewers on said road, to be viewed as soon as practicable after the other in finished. ■Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, that a road be granted, to commence at the angle of the road leading from West Union through the Light settlement, on the laud of Stephen H. Ludlow, thence south crossing the Volea, thence south on the most prac- ticable route to intersect the same road near the Brooks neighborhood, and that Michael Hinman, Chancy Brooks and Harvey W. Light be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at the house of Stephen H. Ludlow on the 28th of April, 1851. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 355 Ordered, Whereas, a petition hag been presented to the Board that a road be granted, to commence at the quarter post on the west side of Section 18, Township No. 93 north of Range 8 west, running east to the quarter stake on the east side of Section 17, of the same town and range ; thence, in the nearest or best route, to or near the quarter stake on the west side of Sec- tion 15, in township aforesaid ; thence east, to the road leading from West Union to Light Settle- ment; thence north on the same road eighty rods ; thence east, on the most feasible route, to intersect the Elkader road, on Section 6, Township No. 93 north of Range 7 west ; and that Nich- olas Russell, Thomas Woodle and Harrison Butler be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at the house of Thomas Woodle on the 6th of May, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board, and bonds given, that a review be granted on a road from Auburn to the old Mission road ; and that a road be granted from there to the county line of Fayette and Winnesheik Counties, at or near the Section corners of 3 and 4, Township No. 95 north, of Range 9 west; and that Edwin C. Waters, Joseph W. Fos- ter and Lysander Hopkins be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at Earll's mill, on the 12th day of May, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board that an election be held on the 8th of May, 1851, for electing township officers in and for the Township of Clermont; Judges of Election : J. B. Hough, A. Palmer and C. Packard. April 9, 1851 : Ordered, Whereas, a petition has been presented to the Board that a road be granted, to commence at or near Nicholas Russell's, on the road leading from Elkader to West Union ; thence, in the nearest and best route, to the northeast corner of Section 4, Township No. 92 north of Range 7 west ; thence to follow the section line between Sections 3 and 4 one-half mile; thence, in the nearest and best route, to the northeast corner of Sections 22 and 23 ; thence, in the nearest and best route, to intersect the road running from Independence to the county line between Buchanan and Fayette Counties, at or near Buffalo Grove ; and that Nicholas Russell, Jacob Gwin and David King be appointed Viewers on said road, to meet at the house of Nicho- las Russell on the 19th of May, 1851. On the same day, April 9, the Commissioners ordered that certain parties should receive pay for certain services ; although, how these sums were to be paid without money in the treasury was a question that did not trouble the county fathers. County Orders were easily drawn. Ordered, That Richard R. Richardson receive the sum of $20.00, for his services as Organ- izing Sheriff. Ordered, That Joseph W.Foster receive the sum of $55.25, for money expended and services rendered as School Fund Commissioner. Ordered, That John M. Gay Receive the sum of $5.00, for services rendered to Fayette County as Surveyor. At the same session, the following orders were passed for TOWNSHIP ELECTIONS: Ordered, That an election be held on the 5th of May, 1851, in the township of Fairfield, for the purpose of electing township officers in and for said township ; and that David King, Henry H. Baker and Daniel Finney be appointed Judges of such election. Ordered, That an election be held on the 5th of May next, in the township of Auburn, for the purpose of electing township officers ; and that Oliver A. Brown, James Austin and James B. Earll be appointed Judges of Election. Ordered, That an election be held on the 5th of May next, in the township of Westfield, for the purpose of electing township officers ; and that Harvey W. Light, Chauncey Brooks and Stephen H. Ludlow be appointed Judges of the election. The following is the first order of the Commissioners that indicates the exist- ence of a County Treasurer, also that the county had secured copies of the field notes of Fayette County. It was passed July 8, 1851 : Ordered, That Ebenezer Piper receive the sum of $16.50 for money expended for the lield notes of Fayette County, to be paid out of the first money in the Treasury not otherwise appro- priated. 350 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, APPRAISAL OF TOWN LOTS. The following order fixing a price for town lots in West Union, passed July 8, by the Commissioners, shows the value placed upon this kind of property in 1851: Ordered, That the following town lots belonging to the county, situated in the village of West Union, be appraised at the several sums set opposite their respective numbers : Block 2, lots 1, 2 and 3 $10 00 4, " 1 and 3 12 00 7, " 1 " 4 13 00 " 10, " 13 and 14 15 00 " 13, " 14 15 00* " 18, "1,2 and 8 12 00 " 18, " 10.... 5 00 " 19, " 5.. 12 00 " 19, " 12 8 00 3, " 4 12 00 6, " 12 and 13 15 00 7, " 7 15 00 Block 19, lots 9 $ 6 00 3, " 1 and 3 12 00 6, " 3 13 00 8, " 1 12 00 9, " 2 15 00 18, " 9 8 00 18, " 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 10 i.O 19. " 10 and 11 10 00 2, " 5 10 00 4, •' 3 12 00 7, " 3 and 3 12 00 19, " 6 12 00 A DONATION. On the 8th day of July, 1851, in consideration of one dollar, William Wells and his wife, Eliza, deeded to the County Commissioners, for the use of the county, seven acres of land adjoining the town plat, upon the condition that the proceeds should be appropriated to the erection of county buildings in the town of West Union. The donation was accepted, as shown by the following order, which also seems to indicate the existence of a County Surveyor : Orderid, That the seven acres adjoining the town plat of West Union, and deeded to Payette County by William Wells, commencing at the southwest corner of the tovrn plat, running north 30 rods, thence west 37J rods, thence south 30 rods, thence east 37J rods, until it reaches the point of conmeneement, be surveyed into eight lots, with an alley thirty-three feet wide running north and south, said survey to be made by the County Surveyor by the 19th of the present month. SALE OF LOTS ORDERED. Ordered, That the lots belonging to the county, situated in the town of West Union, be sold at public sale on the 28th of July, 1851, said sale to be held at West Union. The sale took place as ordered, and several were sold at prices generally ranging higher than the appraisal, as appears from the following, passed July 29, 1851. Ordered, Whereas, the following named lots in the town of West Union, belonging to Fayette County, have been sold to the persons whose names are connected with the respective lots, and bonds given and notes taken on one year's credit from date, drawing ten per cent, interest, the deeds to be made when the notes are paid : Block 9, lot 3 $12 25 Edwin Smith. , " 4, " 1 and 2 24 50 Stephen Reeves. " 6, "12 15 26 David Wells. 6, " 3 15 12} William Felch. " 7, " 1 13 12} Elisha Eglston. 7, " 3 13 12} William Felch. " 8, " 1 1112} Eli Boot. " 18, " 8 12 60 Gabriel Long. •' 18, " 9 8 25 " " 18, " 10 8 25 Thomas Woodle. " 18, "12 12 25 Harvey S. Brunson. " 18, " 13 12 25 " 19, " 5 12 25 William Slothower. " 19, "10 12 25 George W. Neff. " 19, " 11 and 12 20 37} Elisha C. Sooy. HISTORV OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 357 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. The First Tax. — The last act of the County Commissioners was the levy of the first tax and was recorded July 30, 1851. as follows : Ordered, That the per cent, on the assessment be levied for county, six mills on the dollar, for State, three mills ; for road, two mills ; school, one mill. The Board then adjourned sine die. The County Judye System. — By chapter 15, of the Code of Iowa, approved February 5, 1851, County Commissioners' Courts were abolished, and the office of County Judge created. By this law, the County Judge was invested " with the usual power and jurisdiction of County Commissioners and Judge of Pro- bate, and to be elected at the first election holden in August after the statutes had been in force thirty days." On the first Monday in August, Thomas Woodle was elected County Judge, J. W. Rogers, Clerk of the District Court ; George W. Neff, Sheriff; Gr. A. Cook, Recorder and Treasurer. Presumably a Surveyor was elected, but there are no records to give his name.* Dr. J. N. B. Elliott was appointed Deputy Recorder, and the first records of deeds were made by him. THE COUNTY COURT. The first term of the County Court, Thomas Woodle, Judge, was held Sep- tember 1, 1851, but adjourned without transacting any business. The first act of Judge Woodle, recorded October 4th, was to make the fol- lowing order : Ordered, That letters of administration be granted to Harrison Butler, on the estate oi Thomas Scott, deceased, and that David Wattrous and Thomas Douglass be appointed Appraisers of the property. This was the first probate business recorded in the county. October 7th, the Judge Ordered, That the petition of Daniel H. Miller and others, asking the appointment of a Commissioner to view a road, commencing at the upper mill on the Volga River, and running thence via E. A. Light's mill to the mouth of Otter Creek, be granted, and that Newcomb be appointed said Commissioner. MARRIAGE LICENSES. The early marriage register of Fayette County, together with the early assess- ment rolls and many other documents of historic interest and importance, were burned when the Court House was burned September 15 and 16, 1872, and it is not possible now to determine the first marriage, after the organization of the county, with any degree of accuracy. The first marriage license recorded does not state the name of the lady, and the record is so unique that it is worth preserving, viz. : On the 22d day of October, 1851, application was made to the County Judge by Sevath Seluatson for a marriage license, and the requisite proof that the parties were of competent age was made by , who was duly sworn by the said County .Tudge. License issued. J. W. ROGERS, Gourtty Clerk. On the 3d day of November, 1851; license was issued to William E. Newton to marry, but whom the record saith not. So, also, on the 8th of Novem- ber, 1851, " P. L. Hinkley made application for marriage license, and the 'parties being known to the Judge to be of the required age and condition to marry, license was granted." But on the 12th, it appears to have been discov- * Documents in the Becoider*B oflQce indicate that Ebenezer Piper was the first Surveyor, and that at this electiou M. V. Bnrdiclc was elected to that office. 368 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. ered that there were two parties interested in a marriage license. On that day, "Lysander Hopkins applied for license to be joined in marriage to Rebecca Strang, and the said Hopkins being knowVi to the County Judge to be of requisite age, and the written consent of David Murray, lawful guardian of said Rebecca Strang, having been filed in the office of the Court, license was granted." TOWNS, ETC. Westfield, located on the northeast quarter of Section 29, Town 93, Range 8, was laid out by Robert Alexander, proprietor, in 1851. The plat of the town was filed for record July 18, 1851. Taylorsville, located on the northeast quarter of Section 22, Town 92, Range 7 (Fairfield Township), was surveyed by E. Piper August 1, 1851; Jacob S. Guin and Maria Jane Guin, proprietors. Plat filed for record February 5, 1852, and recorded May 5, 1853. Volga City, located on the northwest quarter and southwest quarter of Sec- tion 13, Town 93, Range 8 (Westfield Township), was laid out in 1851 by Winslow Stearns ; Daniel H. Miller and Cornelius Lacy, proprietors ; Erastus A. Light, Surveyor. Filed for record October 7, 1851, and recorded May 5, 1853. Prior to this time, this locality was called Lightville. Under that name it was one of the points designated by. the Legislature to be voted for for county seat, and was the most formidable competitor West Union had at that time. The name of the town was changed to Lima by act of the Legislature approved January 5, 1853. Auburn, located on Sections 26 and 35, Town 95, Range 9, was laid out and platted in 1851, but the plat was not recorded, and the names of the pro- prietors and Surveyor are gone. It has been suggested that the Earlls were proprietors, and that Carson was the Surveyor. November 3, 1851, William Wells was appointed to "view a road leading from the house of Nicholas Russell, via Franklin Bishop's, to West Union. The first hotel in West Union was commenced by Daniel Cook, in 1850, on the southeast corner of Vine and Elm streets, opposite the southwest corner of the Public Square, but was sold to J. H. and David Stafford, who arrived here in 1851, and who finished the building and opened the "Stafford Hotel "in the Fall. This house, with additions, is still standing, July, 1878, H. J. Inger- soU, proprietor, and is called the "West Union House." In the ofiice, in the northwest corner, the Stafibrds put in a few dry goods. Dr. J. H. Stafford also had the first drug store in West Union in this room, and it also contained a shoemaker shop, and the first tailor. Henry Wonnenberg also used the same room for a tailor shop. The first ball in West Union, and probably in the county, was given at the " W^est Union House" on Christmas evening, 1851. The hall was in the second story of the building, and bear steaks were served for supper. A QUEEE PROCEEDING. The history of Fayette, like all other' localities, is not without some ludicrous incidents. In 1851-2, the people of West Union appear to have resolved themselves into a Board of Medical Examiners to determine who were and who were not qualified to practice medicine. At that time, Dr. J. H. Stafford, an Eclectic, had an extensive practice for a new country. It is said that he waa cautious in administering medicine, and avoided giving his patients anything to hurt them, leaving nature to effect the cure, and he was considered a successful HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 359 practioner. Dr. Jonathan Cruzan was a physician of the Thomsonian school, and, of course, was obliged to combat the prejudices of the people against any innovations upon long- established practices. Dr. Joseph N. B. Elliot (Allopathic) was a young man who had studied medicine and attended a course of lec- tures, but had no diploma Dr. Cruzan had been attending a Mr. Scott, some four or five miles south of West Union, and his patient unfortunately died. The case created considerable excitement in the little community, and an indignation meeting was held at Daniel Cook's store. Judge Woodle presided at this meet- ing, and Rev. H. S. Brunson and others participated in the grave proceedings. The physicians of West Union were summoned before this august body for examination. It would not do to exhibit any partiality, although the batteries were all pointed at Dr. Cruzan, but, by common consent, it was admitted that Dr. Staflbrd was competent to minister to the bodies diseased in the neighbor- hood, and, besides, the self constituted medical examiners wanted him for a sort of umpire. Dr. Cruzan 's turn came next, and he was required to inform the meeting how and where he obtained his medical examination, and to show cause why he should longer be permitted to administer cayenne pepper and lobelia to those who preferred -those articles to ipecac and calomel. He did so, it is said, but neither he, Cruzan or Stafford exhibited any diploma. Dr. Elliot exhibited a certificate from some Eastern physician that Elliot had studied some in his office, was a very respectable young gentleman and had attended a course of medical lectures. The meeting passed resolutions strongly condemning Cruzan's method of practice. As for Dr.. Elliot, the spokesman said he had a diploma and — here Elliot interrupted the proceedings with the statement that he did not wish his friends to labor under misapprehension ; the document he had exhibited was not a diploma but simply a certificate from a practicing physician, that he (Elliot) had studied some. This was a damper, but as they did not desire to interfere with his practice — it was Cruzan they were after — they finally concluded that Elliot's certificate, if it was not a diploma, was equivalent to one, and that he was fully qualified to practice medicine, and the meeting adjourned, fully impressed with the idea that a very important duty had been satisfactorily discharged. "The idea," says Mr. McClintock, who was present, "that the whole proceeding had been a ridiculous farce soon crept into the minds of the people, and Dr. Cruzan continued to practice as before." THE FIRST COURT. By the provisions of " A n Act fixing the terms of District Courts, ' '■ approved January 15, 1849, court was to be held in Fayette, Winnesheik and Allamakee "at such times as may be appointed by the Judge of said District." The county of Fayette, however, was not then organized, and the Judge did not appoint a term of court within its limits. Chapter 92, of the Code of Iowa, approved February 5, 1851, provided that " in counties where no term is now fixed for holding a court, the Judge may appoint terms by written notices to the Clerk thereof" Accordingly, the first term in Fayette County was appointed to be held September 26, 1851, but when the time arrived, Judge Wilson did not put in an appearance, perhaps because there might have been no suitable place for holding Court. The Sheriff, George W. Neff, adjourned from day to day until the 29th, when he adjourned without day. Another and Special Term was called on the 6th day of July, 1852. Hon. Thomas S. Wilson, Judge of the Second Judicial District, presided. Jacob W. Rogers, Clerk of the Court, and George W. Neff, Sheriff, aided by his 360 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Deputy, Simeon B. Forbes. This, the first court in Fayette County, was held in the West Union House, in the hall in which the grand Christmas ball had been given in December previous. When the hour arrived, His Honor, the Judge, directed Deputy Sheriff Forbes to open the Court. Simeon was in a quandary. He had never seen a court opened, and consequently the order of the Judge was all Greek to him. Something must be done, however, and determined to show that he knew how it was done, went to the window and yelled, "Boys, Court's begun." It is said that one of the early settlers, who was passing the West Union House at the moment this novel proclamation was made, upon hearing it, looked up with a comical expression and exclaimed, " The h — 11 you say." At the close of the session the Deputy Sheriff was directed to adjourn the Court, and did it to the entire satisfaction of everybody, by yelling " Boys, Court's quit." The first grand jury summoned and impaneled was as follows : James B. Earll, J. W. Foster, William Wells, Joseph S. Burdick, A. G. Park, D. P. Lowe, Lemuel Uiff, Eli Elrod, Erastus A. Light, P. F. Sturgis, Stephen Beeves and Hiram Jackson ; Joseph S. Burdick was appointed foreman. The first entry was a case of attachment, Jonathan Cruzan vs. William Root, disposed of as follows : " This case having been settled by the parties, and the costs paid, the cause is dismissed." Several other cases were disposed of in a similar manner. The First Jury Trial. — Noah W. Harrow vs. Joseph L. Bruce ; appeal, A jury was called consisting of James Austin, David C. German, B. C. Sooyj Eli Root, Nicholas Russell, William Edgar, Charles Sawyer. John Conner, Benjamin Dimond, Edwin Montgomery, Thomas Douglass and William Stephen- son. The verdict was for $5.00 for plaintiff, and costs. July 7, "1852 (second day), Wm. McClintock and J. B. Onstine, practicing attorneys for the State of Ohio, were admitted to practice in the courts of the State. Martin V. Burdick, upon examination, was admitted to the bar. The first divorce case was that of William S. Key vs. Jane Key. Plaintiff filed his petition on the 7th. Defendant defaulted ; divorce decreed, with custody and guardianship of children to plaintiff, who was charged with the costs. First Indictment. — The Grand Jury returned a true bill. State of Iowa v». Chauncey Leverich, for retailing spirituous liquors. Court ordered a capias ad respondendum to be issued, returnable at next term ; and that the respondent be held to bail in the sum of flOO. This was the only bill found by the grand jury at the first term. Court adjourne"d on the 7th, having been in session two days. July 21, 1852, Judge Woodle ordered that taxes be levied as follows : For State revenue, one and one-half mill on the dollar ; for county revenue, six mills ; for support of schools, one mill ; for road purposes, one mill, and a road tax of $2 to every person liable to a poll tax. July 8, 1852, Sections 1, 12 and 13, in Township 95 north. Range 9 west, were attached to Dover Township. At the general election, in August, 1852, it is to be taken for granted that John W^bb was elected Clerk of the Court, or County • Clerk, M. y. Bur- dick Prosecuting Attorney, and H. C. Lacy, Sheriff. Other officers were doubtless elected, but no records remain. The First Naturalization. — While in some other counties, Delaware for instance, there seemed to have existed some doubt whether County Courts were empowered to convert aliens into citizens of the United States, the court of HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 361 Fayette was clear on this subject ; and that no doubt was entertained that it bad authority to confer the rights of United States citizenship upon persons of foreign birth, is shown by the following order of the County Court and oath of allegiance administered to the first person naturalized in Fayette County : Ordrred, That Joseph NicoU, having complied with the requirements of Ihe law, be ad- mitted a citizen of the United States of America. The following oath was administered : State of Iowa, 1 Fayette County j I, Joseph NicoU, do soleinnly sweare that I will support the Consti- tution of the United States of America, and that I do absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, State soTereignty whatsoever, particularly Victoria, Queen of grate Britain and Ireland. (Signed) JOSEPH NICOLL. Subscribed and sworne to before me this the 1st day of November. A. D. 1852, JOHN WEBB, Countu Clerk. State Roads. — By Section 15 of " An act in relation to certain State roads therein named," approved Jan. 22, 1853, Clark Newcomb, of the County of Fayette, John McCoy, of Winnesheik, and David Moreland, of Delaware, were appointed Commissioners to locate and establish a State road, " commencing at New Wine, Dubuque County, by way of Strawberry Point, in Clayton County ; West Union, in Fayette County, and Decorah, in Winnesheik County, thence northerly to the State line. By Section 19 of the same act, J^cob LyBrand, Thomas B. Twiford and S. S. McClure were appointed Commissioners to locate and establish a State road from Columbus, in Allamakee County, via LyBrand and West Union, to Independence, in Buchanan County. Section 38 appointed George Acres and Roswell Turner, .of Delaware County, and Noah W. Harrow, of Fayette County, Commissioners to locate a State road, commencing on the Center line of Section 8, iii Township 88 north, of Range 4 west, in the road which runs from Delhi to Eads' Grove, in Delaware County, thence by Delaware Center and Turner's Mill (Forrest- ville), in Delaware County, to a road in Fayette County which runs to West Point (Union). On the above Commission, L. Burrington served in place of Harrow. Section 56 appointed Clark Newcomb, R. R. Richardson and James Craw- ford Commissioners to locate a State road from the Yankee Settlement in Clay- ton County, via Strawberry Point, Brush Creek and Spring Grove, to Section 27, in Township 93, Range 8 west, in Fayette County. Jan. 24, 1853, the State was re-apportioned, and the counties of Fayette, Chickasaw, Butler, Bremer, Black Hawk, Grundy, Franklin, Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Howard, Mitchell and Worth were constituted the Third District, entitled to one Representative. Additional Mail Facilities. — By joint resolution, approved Jan. 22, 1853, the General Assembly of Iowa asked for additional mail facilities in the State, including the following routes : (7th.) From Dubuque to West Union, New Wine via Golesburg, Elkport and Elkader, in two-horse coaches, twice a week. (8th,) From Golesburg to West Union via Yankee Settlement, Stiawberry Point and Westfield. (23d.) From Delhi, in Delaware County, to West Union. Second Judicial District. — "An act fixing the boundaries of the soveral Judicial Districts, and the time of holding courts therein," approved Jan. 22, 1858. The counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Clayton, Allamakee, Winnesheik, Fayette, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Bremer, Chickasaw and Howard were con- stituted the Second Judicial District, and terms of the court in Fayette were appointed on the second Mondays of June and November. 362 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. RE-LOCATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT. Although the seat of justice of Fayette was located in May, 1851, by a vote of the people of the county, and Mr. Wells and others had made donations of land to aid in the erection of county buildings at West Union, and these donations had been accepted by the county, there was yet a strong feeling in the southern part of the county in favor of the removal of the seat of justice to some point nearer the geographical center. In July and August, 1852, the friends of removal circulated petitions for either the removal of the county seat or the division of the county. Mr. J. W. Rogers drew a remonstrance and urged active opposition ; but others, interested in retaining the county seat at West Union, fell into the common error of under- rating the strength of antagonists ; said that there was no danger that their opponents could effect anything, and, consequently, action was delayed so long that the remonstrance was not circulated farther south than Nicholas Russell's neighborhood. Mr. Russell lived on Section 6, Township 93, Range 7. Meanwhile, at the August election, Mr. Edwin Montgomery had been elected one of the Representatives from this district. Mr. Montgomery resided at West- field. His election gave to the friends of removal a decided advantage, and it became generally understood that a bill to re-locate the county seat would be introduced and pushed to final passage as early as practicable after the assem- bling of the Legislature. The countjr seat contest of Fayette was to be re-opened at Iowa City. In December, the people of West Union and other towns in Northern Fayette, began to realize that they might lose the county seat. Clark New- comb, Esq., an active and energetic citizen of Westfield, was engineering the movement for removal, and it was deemed essential that the opponents of the measure should be represented in the '' Third Branch," also. Accordingly, at a public meeting of the citizens of West Union and vicinity, Jacob W. Rogers, Esq., was appointed to go to Iowa City, watch the matter and endeavor to defeat any attempt to remove the county seat. After the General Assembly convened, it was found that there were thirty- five more petitioners for removal than there were remonstrants against it. This fact, together with the additional fact that Mr. Montgomery, the sitting mem- ber from this county, was strongly in their favor, gave the friends of removal a decided advantage. A bill was reported from the Committee to whom had been referred the petitions and remonstrances, providing for the appointment of three Commissioners, to re-locate the county seat of Fayette County, and of course the gentlemen named were designed to be those favorable to j"emovaL The bill passed the House without opposition. Mr. Rogers, however, succeeded in. interesting Senator Shields in opposi- tion ; and when, after the passage of the bill in the House, it came up to the Senate, Mr. Shields introduced an amendment, by which the location by the Commissioners of other than the existing county seat should be submitted to a vote of the people. As thus amended, the bill passed the Senate, and now came the tug of war. The House refused to adopt the amendment, and insisted on its former vote. The Senate insisted, and a Committee of Conference was appointed. The House at last receded, concurred with the Senate, and the bill passed, as follows : An Act to Re-Locate the County Seat of Fayelte County : Section ]. Be it enacted, etc., That Silas Sawyer, of Dubuque County, E. K. Beckford, of Clayton County, and D. A. Mahony, of Dubuque, are hereby appointed CommissionerB to rerlo- cate the county seat of Fayette County. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 363 Section 2. Said CommissionerB, or a majority of them, sliall meet at the house of William Buesell, in said county, on the first Monday in May, 1853, or within sixty days thereafter, and shall there, before a person authorized to administer oaths, take an oath, or affirmation, to faith- fully carry out the designs and proTisions of this act. Section 3. In making the location hereby authorized, said Commissioners shall take into consideration the present and prospective interest and convenience of the people of said county ; and, if it be consistent with such interests and convenience, they shall locate said county seat at or near the geographical center of the. county. Prooided, however. That the voters of said county shall have the privilege of voting for or against said location (provided that any other point be selected than the present seat of justice), at the next August election, to be regulated in the same manner as other elections. Section 4. Said Commissioners are hereby authorized and empowered to obtain for said county, either by purchase or donation, a suitable lot or tract of land for the use of said county for the erection of public buildings, etc., from the proprietor or proprietors of the land on which said county seat may be by them located ; and the county of Fayette shall abide and be bound by such contract, whether of gift or purchase. Section 5. When the location shall have been made, the Commissioners shall immediately inform the County Judge of the same, together with all their proceedings therein ; and it shall then be the duty of the County Judge to provide, as soon as it may conveniently be done, for the removal of the records and public offices of said county to the plaice so selected and desig- nated as county seat ; and the County Judge shall also inform the people of said county, by writ- ten or printed notices, put up in at least three public places in each township of said county, that place has been selected as the county seat of said (bounty. Approved January 24, 1853. The act provided that the Commissioners should have two dollars a day and ten cents a mile for travel, to be paid by the county. There is no record, of their proceedings ; the County Judge's "minute book" makes no mention of the matter, except to order the payment of the Commissioners. But it is stated by the citizens that, on the day appointed, the Commissioners met, and, after examination of the several localities, and consultation, decided that the county seat should be located on the southwest quarter of Section 17, Township 93, Range 8, near a large spring, somewhat more than a mile from the geo- graphical center. But this location could not be final unless accepted by a vote of the people, in August. On the 31st day of May, 1853, Judge Woodle ordered the payment of fourteen dollars to Beckford, and on the 2d of June, twenty-four dollars each to Sawyer and Mahoney, for their services as County Seat Commissioners. The question was submitted to the people at the August election, and the site selected by the Commissioners was rejected by a majority of 95. The county seat, therefore, remained where it had been located by the people in 1851. SWAMP LAND AGENT. March 7, 1853, Judge Woodle was absent, and Martin V. Burdick, the Prosecuting Attorney of the county, was acting Judge, and appointed P. L. Hinkley, Esq., "to select swamp land in this county." MORE CIVIL TOWNSHIPS. The townships of Eden and lUyria were created in the Spring of 1853, by order of the County Court, as follows : Ordered, That the Townships 94, Range 10, and 95, Range 10, and two tears (tiers) of sec- tions off from the west side of Townships 94 and 95, Range 9, be set off as an election township, to be called Eadon (Eden). March 7. 1853. Ordered, That Township 93, Range 7 west, be set off as an election township, to be called Mlgria (Illyria) Township. March 16, 1853. Ordered, That the petition of the inhabitants of Clairemont and Pleasant Valley Townships he granted, asking that Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and the north half of Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 »nd 12, Township 94, Range 7 west, be stricken of (off) from Pleasant Valley and attached to Clairmont Township. March 31, 1853. 364 HISTORY, OF FAYETTE COUNTY. In March, 1853, between the 19th and 25th of that month, George A. Cook ceased to act as Recorder of Fayette County, and Henry C. Lacy appears to have been his successor. The records, under the County Judge's system, are very meager, and, in this instance, show neither the death, resignation or removal of Mr. Cook nor the appointment of Mr. Lacy. The last recorded act of Cook is on the 15th of March, and Mr. Lacy first signed his name as Recorder March 25, 1853. The first settlement in Township 92, Range 10, now Fremont, was made by Carmi Hickox, who built a cabin on Section 17 in May, 1853. His nearest neighbor on the south was more than three miles distant ; it was four miles to the nearest cabin on the north, fifteen miles to settlement on the east, and. he had no neighbors on the west of whom they knew. Mr. Hickox broke and fenced about thirty acres of prairie during that Summer. He was thrown from a colt on the 1st of August, and was severely injured ; but recovered so that, during that month, he secured and stacked about thirty tons of hay. On the 1st of September, however, he was taken sick, and died after an illness of only three weeks. Thus, he was the first to settle and the first to die in that town- ship, both events occurring in the same year. A few days after his death, on the 9th of October, his son, Hiram C. Hickox, was born, who is still living on the farm commenced by his father, taking care of his mother, Electra Hickox, in her old age. DISTRICT COURT IN 1853. The second (and first regular) term of the District Court was held in the Methodist Church in West Union, June 15, 1853. Thomas S. Wilsoji, Judge, presiding ; John Webb, Clerk, and Hiram W. Earll, Sheriff. The grand jury was made up as follows : Joseph S. Burdick, Foreman ; James B. Earll, J. G. Webb, J. W. Foster, William Wells, Lemuel Iliif, Eli Elrod, James Robin- son, Horatio Warner, Jerome Boswell, Stephen Reeves, William P. Kavanaugh, P. L. Hinkley, J. A. Griffith and Nelson Graham. At this term, Samuel Harper applied for divorce from Susannah Harper. Defendant defaulted ; divorce decreed. THE FIRST CRIMINAL TRIAL. The case, Stnte vs. Chauncey Leverich. Indictment for retailing intoxica- ting liquors and keeping a dram-shop was tried. Martin V. Burdick was Pros- ecuting Attorney, and defendant appeared by William McClintock and Onstine, his attorneys. Defendant filed a demurrer, which was sustained as to first count. Defendant filed his plea of not guilty to second count. Thereupon came a jury, viz.: John McMillen, Samuel Stephens, Cephas Felch, F. S. Pal- mer, Jacob Rosier, James Jamison, Miles Lewis, Martin Dunham, Aaron South, R. M. Hooker, M. B. Earll, J. W. Fisher. After hearing, jury returned a verdict of not guilty, and defendant was discharged. ADMITTED TO THE BAR. M. V. Burdick, Reuben Noble and James Burt were appointed to examine the character and qualifications of Mr. E. C. Byam^ an applicant for admission to the bar. The committee made a satisfactory report, and Mr. Byam was admitted. THE DIVORCE MILL. The third petition for divorce was presented by Hiram Seward vs. Catherine Seward. Defendant, like her predecessors in the divorce mill of Fayette, did not put in an appearance, and consequently, divorce was decreed. It may be HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 365 noted as somewhat remarkable, in that the first three divorce cases of Fayette, the petitions were filed by the masculine head of the family, and in neither case did the feminine respondent put -in an appearance. June 14th, the grand jury brought in true bills against Rodolphus Eddy, Chester Eddy and William Eddy for perjury, and against Chester Eddy for killing an ox. August 13, 1853, taxes were levied as follows : For State revenue, 1^ mills on the dollar ; for county revenue, 6 mills ; support of schools, 1 mill ; for road purposes, 1 mill, and a road tax of $2.00 to every person liable to a poll tax. THE FIRST NEWSPAPER. The first number of the Fayette County Pioneer, the first newspaper pub- lished in the county, was issued at West Union, October 21, 1853, by John Gharky and Charles McDowell. It was a six-column, 22x32 sheet, Democratic in politics, and was conducted by Mr. Gharky with considerable ability. The following orders in relation to townships and township boundaries were made by Judge Woodle February 6, 1854. Ordered, That the two tears (tiers) of sectioas on the west, side of Townships 94 and 95, Range 9, that now belong to Eden Election Precinct, be set back to the Auburn Precinct. Ordered, That Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6, and tlie north half of Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, Township 94, Range 7 west, be taken off from Clearmount Election Precinct and attached to Pleasint Valley Precinct. Ordered, That the north half of Township 93 and Township 94 north of Range 9 west, be set off an Election Precinct, and that the election be held ai the Austin School House, to be called Windsor. THE FIRST REPUBLICAN MEETING. Until about 1854, the people of the United States were divided into two great political parties, viz. : the Democratic and Whig ; but there had been another element in the political atmosphere that had been quietly at work, pre- paring the way for a revolution in political organizations, that had been consid- ered as insignificant by the leaders of both political parties, and the vote of the Anti-slavery party since 1844 had been so light as to excite ridicule and derision. For several years, this element had been organized distinctively as a third political party, first as the Liberty or Abolition, and then as the Free Soil party ; it had been gradually increasing in strength and the people had been gradually discovering the encroachments of what was called the Slave Power, until 1854, when there was a general breaking up of existing political organizations. The Whig party and the Free Soil party disappeared, and a new party sprang into existence, opposed to the extension of the institution of human slavery upon free territory. It was not the Abolition party, because it did not propose to interfere with slavery in the States where it then existed as a creature of local or municipal law, but it said that the institution must not seek to extend its area and must not exist outside of those States where it already existed. Upon, this question, the Free Soil party was a unit, small, it may be, but appreciable in the body politic. The Whig party dissolved, a small portion of it seeking affiliation in the Democratic party. That party also was broken up and dismembered, but retained the name while it practically became a new party, which represented the wishes and interests of the Slave Power. Many of its old members left its ranks and joined the opposition to the extension of slavery, so many that the old Democratic party, which had had control of the Government, with few exceptions, since the Government was organized, went into a' hopeless minority. 366 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. This great political revolution began to manifest its power in 1854, and a meeting of all persons in Fayette County " who are opposed to the aggression of slavery as exhibited in the United States, and who are willing and determined to take up the issue now forced upon our country by the advocates of slavery, whether Freedom or Slavery shall be the ruling power in our Government," was called at the Methodist Church in West Union, on the 8th day of July, 1854. The meeting was called to order by Stephen D. Helms, on whose motion Dr. Aaron Brown was called to the chair. D. H. Miller was appointed Secretary. Jacob W. Rogers submitted the following resolutions : Resolved, That we adopt the name of Republican as the distinolive style of an organization, as expressing opposition to slavery in all its forms, and devotion to the principle of equal natural, ' political and social rights. Resolved, That we ask all persons of all parties who are earnestly opposed to slavery and who are willing to make it the cardinal issue in political action, to unite with us in an endeavor to restore the Government to its original purpose, and make it in fact what it purports to be — a true republic. Resolved, That all other political questions sink into insignificance when compared with the overshadowing evils of slavery. The resolutions were unanimously adopted, and Jacob W. Rogers, Carman A. Newcomb and John Phillips were appointed a Central Committee. This was the birth of the Republican party in Fayette County. NEW TOWNS. West Auburn — David Smith and David Crane, proprietors. Plat filed for record September 30, 1853 ; located on Section 26, Town 95, Range 9. Centerville was laid out on the northwest quarter of Section 23, Town 92, Range 7, December 15, 1853, by William Stephenson and Susan Stephenson, proprietors. Plat recorded May 10, 1854. COURT HOUSE TAX. After the decisive vote in August, 1853, rejected the proposition to remove the County Seat, the people of West Union and other points interested in the matter, began to agitate the question of building a county building on the pub- lic square in the town of West Union. Some town lots had been sold, and Judge Woodle was urged to proceed at once by those who thought the building of a Court House at the County Seat would prevent any further effort for its removal; while those who still hoped to locate the seat of justice further south, were opposed to appropriating the money received from the sale of lots given to the county by the founders of West Union, to build a Court House at that place. Judge Woodle was not a bold man, and, weakened by disease, sought to adopt a policy that should be satisfactory to all parties. The records of the County Court are absolutely silent in relation to the matter, and yet it is evident that some action was taken. There is no record of an order submitting to the people the question whether or not a tax for the erection of a Court House should be levied by the County Court ; nor is there any official record of such an elec- tion. Yet the files of the first volume of the Fayette County Pioneer show that such an election must have been ordered to take place on the first Monday in April, 1864, as the vote of the county on the question on that day was : For Court House tax, 140 ; against Court House tax, 356. Judge Woodle undoubt- edly ordered the election to relieve himself of the responsibility of levying a tax, but he felt sure that the people would vote the tax. It is probable that, HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 367 with the idea strongly impressed upon his mind that the tax would be ordered hy a popular vote, Judge Woodle entered into some preliminary negotiations with contractors, which were broken off abruptly by the adverse result of the election. THE FIRST CONTRACT. However this may be, about the 22d or 23d of April, 1854, during Judge Woodle's absence at St. Louis, M. V. Burdick, acting County Judge, entered into a contract with Amos Hutchinson to build a. Court House in West Union for the sum of $3,500, or rather to put up the walls and enclose according to specifications. " The contract was drawn and signed, but not acknowledged or sealed." Hutchinson, supposing that it was right, contracted with E. Eggleston for the brick — 120,000 — and moved into town to begin work. But leading citizens expressed their opposition to any plan for building a Court House that did not provide for its certain and immediate completion. They were opposed to building the walls of a building and then leave it to stand unfinished. They wanted to take no such chances. The people had just voted "no tax," and having so voted, they said let the Court House pass for the present, for "it is neither policy or justice to use donations to less than half build a building, in which condition it will have no effect to secure the object for which dona- tions were made," viz., the retention of the seat of justice at West Union. Act- ing Judge Burdick, and presumably the other county officers, thought that if a building could be commenced, the people would submit to taxation rather than have it stand unfinished. In other words, they thought it would be a good thing to commence a Court House and take the chances for raising money to finish it at some future time. But the opposition was so marked that Burdick became timid. He did not wish to jeopardize his future political prospects by persisting in the course he had marked out, and he refused to acknowledge the contract made with Hutchinson. When Judge Woodle returned, he refused to ratify the contract, and, it is said, was soundly abused by Hutchinson and his friends in consequence. Judge Woodle died of typhoid fever May 12, 1854. Burdick was acting Judge until the August election, and probably Court House Contract No. 1 ended there. APRIL ELECTION. At the election, April 3, 1854, Joseph W. Foster was elected School Fund Commissioner by a vote of 305, to 257 for J. S. Burdick. This shows the total number of voters to have been 562, an increase of 460 since August, 1851. COURT RECORD. The Court Record for 1854 is meager. Term commenced June 12. No grand jury was impaneled. C. A. Newcomb was admitted to practice in the courts of the State. The indictments against the Eddys for perjury were dis- missed. Chester Eddy filed a demurrer in the " ox " case, which was sustained and defendant discharged June 14, Willet C. Andrew was admitted to the bar. 368 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. AUGUST ELECTION. At the general election, August 7, 1854, the vote for Governor, by townships, was as follows : J. W. GRIMES. C. BATES. Fairfield 23 82 Westfield 48 27 Illyria 28 4 Pleasant Valley 38 15 Clermont 10 6 Dover 14 20 Eden 19 19 < Auburn 58 37 Windsor 11 16 West Union .\ 108 48 Total 332 22-5 At this election, Jacob W. Rogers was elected Representative to the General Assembly, and S. S. Seeley, Clerk of District Court. There were three candidates for County Judge in place of Woodle, deceased, viz. : Gabriel Long, John Webb and Nelson Payne. Payne received 86 votes and Long and Webb received 236 votes each. The law provided in case of a tie that the result should be determined by lot. "Mr. Webb," says Mr. Gharky, "had conscientious scruples about gambling for an office, although it was required by law, and they parleyed over the embarrassing case until Saturday, August 12 (the election having been held on Monday the 7th), when it was decided that Long was the legally made Judge, by those two candidates drawing slips of paper from a hat, and I witnessed the drawing." • TAX LEVY. The tax levy for 1854-5 was made by Judge Long, Septembers, as follows: State tax, ^ mill ; county tax, 6 mills ; school tax, 1 mill ; road tax, 1 mill. " Up to the Autumn of 1854," says Mr. Gharkey, "the Methodist Church had been used for holding courts, public meetings of all kinds, school exhibitions and even shows, as those can testify who witnessed D. B. Hanan's "Babes in the Woods." At that time it was given out and generally understood that the church could no longer be used for any other than moral and religious purposes, which caused the agitation of the Court House question. Court was afterward held in the Irving House." After the first term, court was held in the Metho- dist Church, but Mr. Gharky is evidently in error in his statement that court was held in the Irving House after 1854. It may be that one term may have been held there, but the county records show payments for the use of the Meth- odist Church for court purposes from 1853 until the Spring of 1857. Judge Woodle died in May, and the following order indicates that Joseph Woodle was appointed administrator, but the following is the only record made in the settlement of the estate. The early probate records of Fayette County are not very full : 176. Ord'-red, that Josef Woodle, Administrator of the estate of Thomas 'Woodle of Fayette County, late disseast (deceased) be allowed the sum of one dollar and five cents on book account October 2, 1854. DONATION PARTY. Christmas, 1854, and New Year's Day, 1855, occurred on Monday. On Wednesday, December 27, 1854, a donation party was given at the United States Hotel, for the benefit of Rev. George Scott, "the enterprising, energetic minister, through whose indomitable zeal and energy," says Mr. Gharky, the HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY. 369 then editor of the Pioneer, "the Baptist Church was built and dedicated." The Committee of Arrangements were David H. Hall, Mrs. Hall, C. A. Newcomb, M. Phillips, Mrs. L. H. Hart, Mrs. Gharky and Mrs. Lewis Berkey. A large number of appreciative guests visited Mr. Scott on that occasion, and the pecu- niary result was liberal and gratifying. In returning his grateful thanks to his friends, Mr. Scott made some very touching remarks, to which Mr. J. E. Cook responded on behalf of the donors. On the 7th of January, 1855, Mr. Scott delivered his farewell sermon, it being just one year after he preached the dedi- cation sermon from the same pulpit. BAPTISM BY MOONLIGHT. December 29, 1854, Rev. Mr. McConnell commenced a protracted meeting in the Baptist Church at West Union, which continued until Monday evening, January 8, 1855. Twenty-two persons were added to the Disciples' Church during that meeting — twelve by immersion in Otter Creek, and ten by letter. After the close of the meeting on Sabbath evening, between 9 and 10 o'clock, Samuel Smith, son of " Uncle Henry," and Mr. Abbott's son, went to the creek and were baptized, a hole for the purpose having been cut through the ice, which was about twelve inches thick. TOWNS SURVEYED IN 1854-5. Albany — Located on the east half of southwest quarter of Section 14, Township 93, Range 8. Albert Albertson, Mary Ann Albertson, Edwin Smith and Mary Smith, proprietors. Plat filed for record July 27, 18.54. Recorded July 18, 1856. Union — Located on the northeast quarter of Section 17. Township 94, Range 8. Surveyed by P. L. Hinkley. William Wells and Eliza Wells, pro- prietors. Filed for record Oct. 11, 1854. Recorded March 16, 1855. Elgin — Located on Section 14, Township 94, Range 7. Samuel Conner, Marilla Conner, Benjamin Dimond, Mary J. Dimond, Thomas Armstrong and Oliva Armstrong, proprietors. Surveyed by Winslow Stearns July 4, 1854. Filed for record February 20, and recorded March 19, 1855. Fayette — Located on the northwest quarter of Section 28, Township 93, Range 8. College grounds, ten acres in a square, appropriated by the propri- etors for the use of the institution. Acknowledged by the proprietors, Samuel H. Robertson and Sabra Robertson, June 16, 1855. Filed for record June 16, and recorded September 14, 1855. North Auburn — Located on the east half of southeast quarter of Section 26, Township 95, Range 9 J. B. Earll, M. B. Earll, H. W. Earll and N. B. Earll, proprietors. Plat filed for record November 22, 1855. Norway — Located on Section 34, Township 95, Range 7. Streets and alleys relinquished August 4, 1855, by John Thompson. Filed for record August 25, 1855, and recorded September 12, 1855. This was Clermont, in the township of Clermont, so named by the County Commissioners, in 1850. The little village was named Clermont by those who favored it, and was one of the points designated by the General Assembly to be voted for for county seat in 1851. The post office of Clermont was first established in 1851. Edwin Stedman, Esq., of Clermont, says : "As I recollect, this township, village and post office were named by C. D. Carlton 'Clermont' in the beginning of things here. In 1852 or 1853, the town was surveyed and laid out, but the plat was not put on record until the date you give (1855). Mr. Carlton sold all his interest in realty to Mr. Thompson, in 1854, and Mr. Thompson 370 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. recorded the plat as Norway, in opposition to the wishes of the people. Two years afterward, Mr. Thompson, finding that the change was not, or would not be a success, yielded to the wishes of the citizens here, and the necessary steps were taken, by an election, to change the name of Norway to Clermont." The name of the town of Norway was changed to Clermont by' an act of the General Assembly, approved July 15, 1856, and the town of Clermont was surveyed by Andris Brandt, civil engineer, John Thompson proprietor, and plat filed for record March 26, 1858, and recorded Feb. 16, 1859. The original town of Clermont-Norway was surveyed, it is said, by L. Davis. GRAND CBLEBKATION AT AUBURN. Among the prominent events in the early history of Fayette County was a grand celebration of the birthday of the nation at Auburn. The citizens com- menced to make arrangements on Saturday evening. May 20, 1854, when a public meeting was held "for the purpose of taking measures to celebrate the coming anniversary of American Independence." Samuel Hull was Chairman, and A. L. Dunn Secretary. At this meeting, John A. Griffith, James Boale, A. L. Dunn, James Moore and Morris B. Earll were appointed a Committee of Arrangements. The Officers of the Day were Samuel Hull, President ; Rev. S. D. Helms, Chaplain; John A. Griffiths, W. A. Chase and C. L. Smith, Marshals; A. L. Dunn, Toast Master ; George Brown, M. Woodruff" and J. C. Gregory, Com- mittee on Fire Works. A tall liberty pole was raised for the occasion, from the top of which grace- fully and proudly floated the Stars and Stripes. The oration proper was deliv- ered by Jacob W. Rogers, Esq., of West Union, followed by William McClintock, Esq., and C. A. Newcomb, Esq.. in short speeclics. The dinner, prepared for the occasion by Griffith & Pooler, was more elaborate than had been seen or eaten in Fayette County up to that time. The Hoaglands, Henry Hull and other enterprising citizens of Auburn had organized a military brass band, which is said to have been one of the lest in the State at that time. A milHtary company, called the " Fayette Guards," properly uniformed and under command of Capt. George W. Neff", with the band, added very materially to the interest of the occasion. Among the toasts on that memorable occasion were : The Day we Celebrate — May it never be desecrated by acts of tyrrany and oppression. America — The land of the free and the home of the braye. Our National Bonor — May it ever remain unsullied. BB-APPORTIONMENT. January 25, 1855, another apportionment was made, and the counties of Fayette, Bremer, Butler, Franklin, Grundy, Hardin, Wright, Webster, Boone, Story, Green and Humboldt were constituted the Thirty-third Senatorial Dis- trict, entitled to one Seiiator. Fayette County constituted the Forty-seventh Representative District, entitled to one Representative. ADDITIONAL MAIL SERVICE. A "memorial and joint resolution asking the establishment of mail routes and additional mail service," drawn and introduced in the Lower House by Jacob M. Rogers, Esq., asked for the establishment of mail routes as follows: From West Union, in Fayette County, by way of Bradford and Chickasaw, in Chickasaw County ; St. Charles and South End of Rock Grove, in Floyd County, to Shibboleth and Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 371 From Lancaster, Wis., via Guttenberg and Garnavillo, in Clayton County ; Elgin, West Union and Windsor, in Fayette, by residence of Abraham Staples, in Chickasaw, by residence of W. S. Pettibone, in Section 36, Township 98, Range 14, in Howard County, to Osage and village of Mitchell and Clawson's Settlement, in Mitchell County. Also, for additional mail service, viz. : From McGregor's Landing, in Clay- ton, via Clermont, West Union, Bradford and St. Charles, to Shibboleth, twice a week, in two-horse coaches. From Dubuque via Colesburg, Elkader, West Union, to Auburn, tri-weekly, in two-horse coaches. From Auburn via Eden, Pettibone's Settlement, in Howard County ; St. Ansgar, in Mitchell County, to State Line, weekly, two-horse coaches. From Lancaster, Wis., via Guttenberg, Garnaville and Elgin, to West Union, tri-weekly, in two-horse coaches. The memorialists called the attention of Congress "to the fact that this part of the State of Iowa is settling with a rapidity entirely beyond the full comprehension of any person not intimately familiar with the progress of our future settlement." They further stated that " a large majority of the popula- tion upon our frontiers is an intelligent, reading class of people, who, having removed to this State from the older settlements of the East, where mail facili- ties are liberally provided, and where, by means of these, a knowledge of the passing events of the day are easily accessible, deeply feel the privations of their present condition." The memorialists respectfully suggested that "a lib- eral course by the General Government in the establishment of mail routes and ' the transportation of the mails in a rapidly rising State like Iowa, is statesman- like in policy and conducive of the most happy results, as supplying in a degree the place of personal, friendly intercourse among citizens widely separated from each other, thus perpetuating those feelings of amity and ties of attachment which are likely to be weakened by the remote position and peculiar influences of frontier life,. unaided by these agencies of intercommunication." In this memorial, the General Assembly of Iowa expressed to the National Legislature its belief " that by opening these fountains of intelligence to the people you will subserve the best interests of our common country, and find therein the surest guarantee of the spread and perpetuity of free institutions." From the 1st day of November, 1852, to the 31st day of October, 1854, the Treasurer of Fayette County paid into the State Treasury $701. February 22, 1855, the County Court, Long, Judge, ordered that " Gabriel Long be allowed ten dollars for five cords of wood." PUTNAM AND OKAN TOWNSHIPS CREATED The following order indicates the rapid settlement of the southern parts of the county : Ordered, That Township 91, in Range 7, in Fayette County, Iowa, is hereby constituted a political township, with all the privileges of the same. To hold their first election on the first Monday in April, and to be called the town of Putnam. March 5, 1855. Ordered, By (he court, that Townships No. 91 and 92 north of Range 10 west, be and are hereby formed into a political and judicial township under the name of Oran, as per petition in this office. March 5, 1855. ELECTION OF DISTRICT JUDGE. At the election, April, 1855, Samuel Murdock was elected Judge of the Second Judicial District over Reuben Noble, by about 700 majority. The vote of Fayette County was — for Noble, 769; for Murdock, 519. Judge Long appears to have suddenly terminated his service as County Judge (April 16, 1855), having become involved in some diificulties of a private nature, 372 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. and C. A. Newcomb, Prosecuting Attorney, became acting Judge until he was elected by the people in August following. The following order, made by Acting Judge Newcomb, is evidence that the District Court, after the first term in West Union House, held its regular terms in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Up to that time and subsequent, orders for the payment of rent show that the county paid rent for the church for a court room until after the Spring term of 1857, and, in 18.56, the Trustees of the Baptist Church were paid ten dollars for the use of their church for a jury COUKT RECORD OF 1855. The May term of the District Court commenced May 30, 1855 ; Judge Samuel Murdock presiding. Present — S. S. Seeley, District Clerk, and H. W. Earll, Sheriff. Thomas Abbott, of the State of Massachusetts, was admitted to the bar. E. W. Somers applied for admission, and his application was referred to Wm. Mc- Clintock, Reuben Noble and Elijah Odell, who made the usual report, and Mr. Somers was admitted. Jacob W. Rogers was also admitted, after examination by M. V. Burdick, R. Noble and E. Odell. June 1st, the grand jury presented David Oliver and William Oliver for assault and battery, Anthony Schel for keeping a gambling house, and Charles Glidden for obstructing the highway. At this term several petitions for divorce appear of record, viz.: David Downs vs. Electa A. Downs ; Killen Voshell vs. Hannah Voshell ; Myron Peck vs. Amanda Peck ; John M. Blivin vs. Lucinda Blivin, and Ezra White vs. Mary White. The nuptial knots were all severed save White's, who was forced to wear his yoke awhile longer. The first slander case was entered at this term — George F. Lentz and wife vs. William Buck and wife — but the difficulty was settled by the parties, costs paid and suit dismissed. October 22, 1855, Murdock, Judge; Jerome Boswell, Sheriff. Lucian L. Ainsworth, from New York, presented his credentials and was admitted to the bar. Eliff Johnson applied for naturalization papers, the first action of this kind appearing of record in the District Court of Fayette. In the case of William and David Oliver, the indictments being lost or stolen, and it appearing that the prosecuting witness had settled with defend- ants, it was "ordered that said witness (Richard Carson) pay the costs of this prosecution." There were twenty-three cases on the docket at this term. TOWNSHIPS CREATED. Ordered, That Township 91 north of Range 9 west, be and is hereby organized as a town under the name of Jefferson. The first election to be held first Monday in August next ; to be held at the house of Aden Eldridge. June 4, 1855. Ordered, By the County Court, this day, that Township No. 94, Range 10 west, be and is hereby constituted a political and judicial township, under the name of Bichland. The same is to be set off from the town of Eden July 14, 1855. On petition of William Broadbent, James Clark, H. H. Stocks and others. Sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 85 and 36 in Township 95 north of Range 10 west, were set off from said township and annexed to the township of Richland. July 17, 1855. Ordered, That Township 93 north of Range 10 west, be and is hereby organized as a town for election and judicial purposes, under the name of Banks. The first election to be held on the first Monday in April, 1856, at the house of G. Linn. February 4, 1856. irflloM^-^M^ EDITOR FAYETTE CO. UNION WEST UNION HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 375 The General Assembly of Iowa enacted a liquor law in January, 1855, under which town and county liquor shops were legalized. Community required spirituous liquors for medicinal and mechanical purposes, and agencies were pro- vided for, that the people should not be deprived of the article when they wanted it for use as a medicine or in mechanics. It is said that, for a time, sickness prevailed among both men and horses to an unprecedented extent. Fayette County was not behind her sister counties, and the following order indicates that the County Judge had appointed a Liquor Agent, although neither that ofBcer or the Clerk considered the matter of sufficient importance to be pre- served of record : Ordered, That H. W. Hart be allowed the sum of $100.00, as Liquor Agent, for the purpose of purchasing liquor for the county, to be sold under the provisions of the Liquor Law. ANOTHER CELEBRATION. The people of Fayette County celebrated the Fourth of July at West Union in 1855. The procession formed in the public square and marched to the grove, under command of Col. Webber, of Pennsylvania, aided by Drs. Hart and Fuller. Arrived at the grove, the ceremonies were commenced with prayer by Rev. John Webb. The Declaration was read by Hon. J. W. Rogers. Oration, by D. C. Dunlap, Esq. Dinner in the public square, prepared by Somers & Brewer. The Pioneer estimates that there were 1,500 people in town on that day. COUNTY FINANCES. From a stray copy of the Fayette County Pioneer, of July 10, 1855, pre- served by William Cowle, Esq., of West Union, is copied the following state- ment of the financial condition of Fayette County, as it existed at that time, as shown by THE COUNTY JUDGe'S REPORT. The law requires that the County Judge shall cause a "statement" of the receipts and expenditures of the county to be made on the first Monday of July, annually ; and have copies of the same posted at the Court House door and in two other public places in the county. As the statement thus posted may not generally be seen or examined, a brief exhibit of the facts contained therein will be found below : BEOBIPTS. Amount of tax assessed for county purposes for 1854 |4,025 59 Amount paid for county warrants 3.285 16 Balance in favor of the treasury $740 43 Amount of warrants issued up to July 3, 1855, to meet current ex- penses $2,984 50 Whole amount of fees received by county officers 984 70 Amount of county officers' salaries, paid in county warrants 765 30 Notes on hand, given for the sale of county lots 203 81 Money on hand, arising from the sale of county lots 127 65 Donation money paid on Court House contract, secured by mortgage 100 00 Paid on the Court House from the treasury, secured by mortgage 120 00 EXPENDITPBES. Delinquent tax for 1854 $300 83 Fees applied in payment of county officers' salaries 934 70 County officers' salaries 1,700 00 There have been several items of expense paid during the last year apart from the ordinary expenditures of the county. The selecting and survey of the swamp lands, together with the_ expenses of the State road, have both been paid during the past year. C. A. Newoomb, County Judge. West Union, July 3, 1855. 370 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY LOST ON THE PRAIRIE. In December, 1855, Mr. N. W. Spears, who had settled in Township 92, Range 10, in August previous, purchased a cow of a settler in Smithfield Town- ship, and went with his boys, Frank, aged 13, and Hart, 12 years, to drive the animal home. They hitched the cow to the "tail end" of the wagon and started for home about 2 o'clock P. M., but they had gone only a short distance when the refractory animal broke away. They pursued her until sunset, when they arrived at the cabin of Mr. Barnes, at Long Grove. This was six miles from home, and there was no other cabin on the prairie. It is said that Spears and his boys drove their cow into Barnes' yard and " desired to stay all night, but they (Barnes' folks) would not keep them ; " but this was very unlike West- ern pioneers, who were remarkable for their hospitality ; and one can scarcely credit that anybody would turn away a neighbor on a cold Winter's night. However this may have been, Mr. Spears and his sons started for home, lead- ing the cow. Soon after they started, darkness overtook them and the wind changed to the northwest and blew a gale, driving the snow before it in clouds, and the little party soon became bewildered. They struck the south fork of the Volga too far south, turned and followed it northward a mile or two and then crossed. Taking the wind for their guide, thoy traveled until about midnight, when they brought up at Crab Apple Grove, about six miles south 'of home. Here they found a track leading homeward, which they,followed and arrived at home about 2 o'clock P. M., having been twenty-four hours without food and nearly exhausted. During the Winter of 1856-7, H. W. Zimmerman, Peter Corbly, Joshua Burch and S. R. Maslay got lost on the way from Strawberry Point, and trav- eled in a circle for a long time. A severe snow storm was prevailing, and it was with the utmost difficulty that they reached home after abandoning their load of corn. Mr. Zimmerman was so much exhausted when he reached home that he could not speak, and his face was covered with ice and snow. A FATAL PRAIRIE FIRE. Early in the Fall of 1855, Rev. Mr. Thompson, with his family, came to Township 94 north. Range 10 west, near where Bethel Post Office now is, and commenced to build a house and make a farm. His family consisted of four sons and one daughter. One morning, Mr. Thompson, with his son, a boy about 12 or 13 years of age, started for Hickory Grove, about two miles north of his farm, to secure timber for a cattle shed. They had loaded their wagon and started for home about noon or shortly after. At this time, a prairie fire was raging, and, it being late in the Fall, the grass was tall and dry, and made a fearful, scorching, roaring wave of flame that rushed over the prairie with the velocity of the wind. Mr. Thompson saw his danger ; he also saw the glaring wall rolling directly for the little settlement ; he did not hesitate, but started for home as fast as possible, crossed Crane Creek, the Bradford and McGregor road, and had reached a point within three-quarters of a mile of home, when a sheet of smoke and flame whirled against the oxen and they sheered off into a hazel underbrush. Here Mr. Thompson, seeing they could go no farther, unyoked them, hoping they might run from the fire and save themselves. In this he -was disappointed ; one going a few steps, fell and died, the other dropped in his tracks. Mr. Thompson then stripped off his burning clothes, which were of cotton, with the exception of his boots and shirty and started for the settlement, which he reached, and, running into the house of Mr. Potter, crawled into bed HISTORY OF FAYJETTE COUNTY. 377 ^without being observed by any of the family, who were out fighting fire. His agony can better be imagined than described. Upon the family's return to the house, tljey found Mr. Thompson in bed. He told them that his boy was on the prairie and he expected he was dead. About this time, the mail carrier or expressman, Corey, who ran between Bradford and McGregor, came along, and, hearing the boy was on the prairie, took his wagon and started after him, bring- ing him to the house, where he expired soon after. A physician was sent for, but could do no good, Mr. Thompson passing away before morning. His remains, together with his son's, were brought to West Union for burial. THE COURT HOUSE. As stated in the preceding pages, there appear to have been some st2ps taken in 1853-4 with the view to the erection of a Court House. Mr. Wells and Mr. Rogers had donated town lots and other lands to the county, the pro- ceeds of which were to be appropriated to building a county building at West Union ; and there was a fund already accumulating for this source, although the people had voted against levying a tax for that purpose. Acting Judge Burdick had entered into a contract with Hutchinson for the erection of the walls of a brick building, which, when finished, would be a Court House ; but this scheme had been abandoned. At the August, 1854, election, Gabriel Long became County Judge, and the effort to build a Court House was renewed. The people of West Union subscribed liberally to aid in completing the building, but how much was sub- scribed can never be known, as the subscription paper was lost. Among the subscribers to the fund, as recollected by Mr. Samuel Hale, were William Wells, D. Wells, Aaron South, Henry C. Lacy, D. Lacy, Dr. Levi Fuller, A. Albert son. Rev. John Webb, George Beamer, Henry Smith, Reeves and Samuel Hale. The first entry of record of any action of the County Court, under any administration, relating to the Court House, was made February 22, 1855, when Judge Long made the following : Ordered, That G. Covey be allowed the sum of twelve dollars for drawing draught for the Court House. About the same time, although it does not appear of record, Judge Long entered into a contract with Samuel Hale to build a Court House. The infer- ence is that several propositions were submitted to Judge Long, for the Pioneer of March 14, 1855, contained the following : Mr. Hale's proposition to build a Court House being the most favorable, the job was let to him for the sum of $6,740. Bonds having been entered into between the two parties to the effect that ^the house shall be completed on or before the 1st day of August, 1856. Inasmuch as Mr. Hale has given a mortgage on some 460 acres of land instead of personal security for his faithful fulfillment of the contract, and aa one-fourth of the amount due liim at each estimate but the last one is to be retained as still further security, we think the county is on the safe side of that bargain. There can now be no doubt that we shall have a Court House at the time specified in the contract. Mr. Hale at once made a contract with Mr. Eggleston for the brick, and got out all .the timber for the building — hewed it, but did not haul it out of th woods. March 14, 1855, Judge Long ordered " that Samuel Hale be allowed the sum of $120.00 on Court House contract ; " and in the County Judge's account book is the following entry of the same date, March 14, 1855, viz.: " Paid by Grabriel Long, County Judge of Fayette County, Iowa, |200.00 to Samuel Hale, on Court House contract." 378 HISTORY OF fayette county. On the same day, March 14, 1855. Jadge Long signed a receipt for |100.0l received of William Wells " to apply on his donation for court purposes, th original subscription being lost." Judge Long was succeeded by C. A. Newcomb, as acting County Judg( about the middle of April, 1855. The people of Fayette and other points in the southern part of the count; made determined opposition to the building of a court house at West Union A party of Fayette gentlemen came to West Union about that time, stopped a the " United States Hotel," then kept by Samuel Hale, ostensibly on business These gentlemen asked Mr. Hale to show them his contract, but he mad some excuses ; at last they demanded that he should show it, and he a squarely refused. They then left the "United States" and went to anothe house. The pressure upon Judge Newcomb was so strong that he finally decide ( that he would not confirm Long's contract with Hale, and " threw it up." " About that time," says Mr. Sharky, "Fayette offered large inducement! to have the county seat removed to that place, among which inducements wa the offer to build a court house without expense to the people. That caused al the trouble, delay and backing down of the officials." The Pioneer of June 5th says : There have been lots donated to the county, for the purpose of aiding to erect public build ings at West Union. These contributions were not only willingly accepted by the county, but i commenced suit against one of the donors (thought now to be Henry F. SmithJ for a clear title who paid the forfeit in the bond rather than to give a deed for the land. Although acting Judge Newcomb had refused to recognize Mr. Hale's con tract and work had stopped, the question was not settled, but became an impor tant and exciting element in the local election in August. Newcomb was a can didate for County Judge, and the voters were anxious to know his views on thi subject of building a Court House at West Union. The following extract from a letter written by him July 2, 1855, in answer to s note from J. W. Rogers, of the 1st, will be interesting to those who participatec in that exciting contest, as it is now printed for the first time. Mr. Newcoml wrote : In answer to your first question I would say, if elected, I will make use of all legiv means in my power to build a Court House in West Union. As to the expense of that house, ii must of course depend upon the amount of funds that can be raised. The kind of a house . would be most favorable to building is one worth |4,000 or $5,000. Mr. Newcomb was elected, although it is probable that had the above lettei been published prior to the election, he might have lost some votes in the south- ern part of the county, for it is said that he made different pledges to the peoplt of that section. After he became County Judge, he proposed to the people of West Unior that if they would subscribe $3,000 in aid of its erection, he would proceed ai once and pay the balance out of the county funds. The citizens of West Union, fully awake to the importance of prompt action soon raised the required amount. The subscriptions were made with -the con dition that if the county seat should be removed from West Union within tei years, the amount should be refunded to the subscribers, with 10 per cent, in terest per annum. November 20, 1855, the Pioneer suggested the sale of a part of the publit square to enable them to build a Court House. HISTORY OF FAYETI'E COUNTY. 379 The requisite amount of subscription having been raised, in November or December, 1855, Judge Newcomb made a contract with Messrs. William Red- field and Dr. J. H. Stafford, for the erection of a Court House ; and during the Winter of 1855-56, the contractors got out the timber (that had been hewn by Mr. Hale) and other materials, and made their preparations for vigorous work when Spring opened. The "minute book " of the County Judge shows no entry in relation to the erection of a Court House, from March.l4, 1855, until March 12, 1856, when the following orders were recorded : Ordered, That William Redfield and J. H. Stafford be allowed $2,500, on court house con- tract, being first payment on said contract. Ordered, That William R. Montgomery be allowed §.3.00, for making specifications on court bouse contract and draughts. Work was commenced on the building in April, 1856, and " May 29, the first stone was laid in the foundation of the new Court House," which was to be completed in September, 1857. The building was 40x80 feet, and two sto- ries high. Ezra Crosby made the brick and did the stone work. The build- ing, although well advanced in 1856, was not fully completed when Judge Newcomb went out of office, in August, 1857, but was so nearly done that his successor. Judge Rogers, commenced his oflScial term in the new building. There are no records to be found to show the amount of the subscriptions collected by Judge Newcomb. His office was on the northwest corner of Vine and Elm streets ; and just before his term expired, a mysterious raid upon his office was made, in which the subscription paper was destroyed, as fragments of it were found upon the office floor the next day ; but it is said that no other val- uable papers were disturbed by the raider or raiders. As this paper was the only evidence of the amount subscribed and the amount collected, its destruc- tion rendered a final settlement impossible ; at least, no final settlement appears of record. Although the Court House was practically completed when Judge Newcomb retired from office, he had not settled with the contractors. They had claims for extra work done on the building, which had been done under his supervi- sion ; but be determined to place the responsibility of making the final settle- ment upon his successor. Judge Rogers, however, did not propose to take the responsibility of audit- ing accounts for work of which he had had no supervision ; and very soon after his administration commenced, the whole matter, by mutual agreement, was submitted to three arbitrators for final decision, who settled the vexed question, as appears from the following : Ordered, That Wm. Redfield and J. H. Stafford be allowed the sum of $1,845, as balance due them, in full, on Court House contract, and for extra work thereon, as per award of referees, Samuel F. Shepard, William T. Perry and D. 3. Marvin, August 26, 1857. The amount of county orders drawn in favor of Redfield & Stafford, from March 12, 1856, to August 26, 1857, inclusive, was $7,820. Whether this included the timber hewed by Hale is not known ; nor can it be stated, with any degree of accuracy, what amount of subscriptions were collected by Judge Newcomb, and appropriated to the payment of the orders drawn as above. By order of the County Court, March 5, 1855, Township 91, Section 7, was constituted a political township, under the name of Putnam ; but it seems that the township was not organized for one year afterward. 380 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Judge Newcomb, on the 3d of March, 1856, made the following: Ordered, That the Township of 91 north, Range 7 west, in Fayette County, constitute the town of Putnam, for election and judicial purposes The following entry of record, June 29, 1856, indicates that an attempt was made to incorporate the town of West Union : Application was this day made, by petition of citizens of West Union to the County Judge, asking that a time and place be fixed for an election in said village, to take a vote for or against the incorporation of said village into one corporate body. Ordered, therefore. That said election be held at the house of S. W. Cole, in West Union, on the 10th day of July, 1856, at 9 o'clock A. M. There is no record of the result of the election which is supposed to have taken place ; but as the town was not incorporated, one has a right to suppose that the vote was adverse to the measure. ■ At the October (1856) term of the District Court, Milo McGlathery, S. S. Ainsworth and Charles F. Leavitt were admitted to the bar. At this term, Mrs. Tabitha Ann Long filed a petition for divorce against Gabriel Long, which was continued. Ezra White " made up " with Mary, and withdrew his petition for divorce. Townships were created with very little ceremony by the County Court prior to 1857. June 2, 1856, Sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36, Town 95, Range 10, were re-attached to Eden Township, and September 1, the court made the following order: Petition was this day presented to the County Court for the organization of Township No. 92 north. Range 10 west, for election, judicial and all other purposes of a civil township. Ordered, Therefore, that said township be urganized under the name of Fremont. The first election to be held at the house of Richard W. Laurene, in said town, November 4, 1856. Sep- tember 1, 1856. On the 29th of the same month, the following order was recorded : Ordered, That Township 93, Range 9 west, be and is hereby organized into a new township for election and political purposes, by the name of Fremont. This is clearly a blunder, as Town 93, Range 9, is now known as Center Township ; but the above record does not appear to have been changed, and there is no record in existence of the creation of Center Township, in which the first election appears to have been held — in April, 1858 — as in October c.f that year C. A. Hayward was paid $1.75 for services as Deputy Sherifi", in organizing Cen- ter Township. At the same time, E. Hartsough, Thomas J. Lewellen and David Bare were paid for services as Trustees, and James Orr as Clerk of Cen- ter Township. A letter to the present Township Clerk in relation to this mat- ter failed to elicit any reply. The first mention of Center Township, of record, is April 20, 1858, when the County Court allowed $7 for a docket for H. S. Branson, Justice of the Peace, in Center Township. By act of the General Assembly, approved July 15, 1856, the name of the town of Norway, in Fayette County, was changed to Clermont. THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE OP 1856. The early election records of Fayette County were burned in the Court House conflagration in September, 1872, and the earliest record of the Presi- Know Nothing. Fillmore. 15 Republican. Fremont. 201 57 28 51 49 101 75 18 56 14 196 14 89 41 51 Democrat. Buchanan. Ill 12 11 11 10 27 1 29 2 19 18 1 12 45 64 4 62 1 22 13 49 3 6 21 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 381 dential vote of the county the historians are able to find is a memorandum preserved by Judge Rogers, of West Union, as follows : West Union Eden Windsor Dover Clermont Pleasant Yalley lUyria Richland , Auburn , Banks Westfield Jefferson Fairfield Putnam Oran Total 106 1041 463 ADDITIONAL SURVEYS. Towns were laid out in respectable numbers in this county, in 1856. North Union, north of Union ; surveyed April 20, 1856, by H. Jones, Surveyor. D. H. Hall and Elizabeth Hall ; filed for record October 10, 1856 ; recorded December 2, 1856. Uniontown, located on north part of southwest quarter of southeast quarter of Section 8, Town 94, Range 8 ; surveyed by H. Jones ; acknowledged by Samuel Rickel and Barbary Rickel May 6, 1856 ; recorded July 15, 1856. Smithfield, located on the southwest quarter of southeast quarter Section 8, Town 94, Range 8, bounded by Uniontown on the north ; Henry F. Smith and Agnes Smith, proprietors ; H. Jones, Surveyor ; filed and recorded Septem- ber 10, 1856. Troy was located on the northeast quarter Section 35, Town 91, Range 8 ; •was surveyed by Henry Jone^ Surveyor, June 2, 3, 4, 1856 ; J. Francis Bates, Trustee, proprietor ; plat filed for record June 14, 1856. There is no town 'visible at that point, but the plat has never been vacated. . Massillon, located on Section 26, Town 95, Range 9 ; James Austin, pro- prietor ; plat recorded August 5, 1856. Manchester, located on west half of northeast quarter of Section 28, Town " Range 10 ; H. N. Murray and Elizabeth Murray, proprietors ; plat filed for record, July 25, 1856. This was one of the " paper towns " of the West ; was laid out by a non-resident and named Manchester, because Manchester, Dela- ware County, was then just beginning to be known. A large number of lots were sold to Eastern people, but there never was a town where this speculative town was located. Windsor was located on the southwest quarter Section 31, Town 95, Range 9 ; Brunson W. Slocum and Anne W. Slocum, proprietors ; recorded December 3, 1856. This town never realized the hopes of its projectors, and has no exist- ence save on the records of the county. December 25, 1856, by order of the County Judge, William McClintoek was allowed $25 for services in the case of the County of Fayette vs. Henry F. Smith, and $5 for drawing contracts for building Court House, " one during. Burdick's administration and one under Judge Long'^." 382 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. STATE ROADS. By act approved December 22, 1856, Isaac Templeton and Charles Hoyt, of Fayette County, and 0. W. Crary, of Clayton, were appointed Com- missioners to lay out and establish a State road from Clayton City via Garna- villo and Elkader, in Clayton County ; Lima and Westfield, in Fayette County ; thence via Wilson's Grove and near the center of Bremer County to Clarks- ville, in Butler County ; thence to the north side of Thorp's Grove, near J. D. Leland's, in Franklin County ; thence to a point on the Des Moines Eiver, in Kossuth County, near the (then) present residence of Dr. Williams, due west. These Commissioners were directed to meet at Clayton City on the first Tues- day in May, 1857, or within three months thereafter, and proceed with their duties according to law. This act was re-enacted January 23, 1857, with the same Commissioners, who were directed to meet on the third Tuesday in May, 1857, or within four months thereafter. Section 17, of Chapter 177, of the Laws of the Sixth General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, appointed John A. Griffith, of Fayette County ; Osgood Gowen, of Chickasaw, and J. L. Chase, of Mitchell, Commissioners to locate a State road from Fayette, Fayette County, to Osage, Mitchell County, via New Hampton, Chickasaw County. Section 21, of the same act, appointed Robert Brelie, Wm. Bostwick, of Bremer County, and George McClelland, of Butler, to locate a State road from West Union, Fayette County, via Waverly, in Bremer County, to Clarksville, in Butler County. Section 9 of Chapter 190 of the Laws of the Sixth General Assembly, ap- proved January 28, 1857, appointed Whipple, of Benton County ; James Barclay, of Black Hawk County, and Thomas R. Talbott, of Fayette County, Commissioners to locate and establish a State road from Vinton, in Benton County, via Barclay, in Black Hawk County, and Linn, in Fayette County, to West Union. Section 18 of the same act appointed A. L. Lee, of Howard County ; Mor- ris B. Earll, of Fayette County, and James P. MoKenney, of Winnesheik Commissioners to locate a State road, beginning at Auburn, in Fayette County, via Fort Atkinson, the village of New Oregon, in Howard County, and Forest City, to the line of Minnesota Territory. By "An act to establish a State road," approved January 29, 1857, Allen Mullenix, of Clayton County; H. C. Lacy, of Fayette County, and M. V. Burdis (Burdick), of Howard County, were appointed Commissioners to locate a State road from West Union via Stacyville, in Mitchell County, to the north- ern boundary of the State, in Range 18 west, to intersect a territorial road in Minnesota. The Commissioners were directed to' meet on the first Monday in July, 1857, at West Union, and proceed to locate the road according to law. By act approved March 23, 1858, it was provided that all State roads should thereafter be established by petition of the County Court. By an act approved January 27, 1857, to apportion the State, the county of Fayette was constituted the Third Representative District, entitled to one Representative. March 22, 1858, it was made the Fifty-third District. By an act approved January 29, 1857, H. B Hoyt and C. A. Newcomb, two citizens of Fayette County, with D. P. Walton, of Bremer, were appointed to re-locate the county seat of Chickasaw County. About 1857-8, P. L. Hinkley was employed to discover and survey the swamp land in Fayette, and reported about thirteen thousand acres. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 388 The following orders of the County Court explain themselves, and will be interesting to the people of Smithfield and Scott Townships : Ordered, That Townships 91 and 92, North Bange 8 west, be and are hereby organized into & political and judicial township, under the name of Smithfield, and that the first election be held on the first Monday in April, 1857, at the house of Joseph Hobson. January 5, 1857. Ordered, That all orders made and acts done by this Court with intent to and for the pur- pose of organizing Townships 91 and 92, Bange 8, in Fayette County, Iowa, as a separate polit- ical and judicial township be and the same are hereby revolted and annulled, and that the same be and remain attached to the township of Westfield, the same a.<< if no action had been taken in the matter for a separate town organization March 2, 1857. ADMITTED TO THE BAR. At the May term of the District Court, held in the Methodist Church, Edwin Sclall, Edward Sclall and H. W. Earll were admitted to practice in the courts of Iowa. At the September term, held in the new Court House, D. R. Blaisdell was admitted. The County Court paid the Trustees of the Methodist Church §21.50 for the use of the church for the May term. CONSOLIDATION. In June, 1857, the people of West Union and the little cluster of towns adjoining it desired to consolidate, and petitioned the County Court, upon which Judge Newcomb issued the following order : It is hereby ordered that John Gharky, Fox and F. D. W. Morse be appointed and are hereby appointed Judges of an election to be holden June 16, 1857, at the West Union House, West Union, Fayette County, Iowa, on the question of attaching the villages of Union, Smithfield, Uniontown and Wells' Donation to the village of West Union, and Daniel Lacy and 0. Samen are hereby appointed Clerks of said election. June 6. 1857. There are no records of the result of this election. WADENA AND BRUSH CREEK. Wandena, located on the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Sec- tion 27, Township 98 north. Range 7 west, laid out July 81, 1857 ; Horace Countryman and Elizabeth Countryman, David B. Herriman.and Elizabeth Herriman, proprietors ; H. Jones, Surveyor. Plat filed for record April 30th and recorded May 11, 1859. Brush Creek, located on the southeast, southwest and northeast quarters of Section 28, Township 92 north. Range 7 west ; C. D. Shambaugh, T. E. Sham- baugh, David G. Darling, John Haskins, F. R. Hynes, D. J. Einney, Isaac Walrath and Peter Keeney, proprietors ; B. F. Little, Surveyor. Filed for record January 3d, and recorded June 17, 1857. Brush Creek was again platted in March, 1873, by Theo. A. Allen, C. Calkins, C. C. Kelley, Barbara A. Shambaugh, J. M. Hoge, Margaret Glime and I. Soule, proprietors, and re- corded May 8, 1873. A NEW JUDGE. At the general election in August, 1857, Jacob W. Rogers was elected County Judge. His first recorded ofiicial act was the issuance of a marriage license to Benedict Kohler and Magdalina Wenger. September 28, 1857, Judge Rogers ordered rates of tax for the current year as follows : State tax, 2 mills ; county tax, 5 mills ; school tax, 1 mill ; road tax, 1 mill ; total, 9 mills on the dollar, and road poll tax, two dollars. 384 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. The September term of the District Court was held in the new Court House. October 7, 1857, Andrew Woodson and Amanda Thomas appeared before Judge Rogers by mutual consent and agreement ; " the said Andrew Woodson relinquished all claims to the person and services of the said Amanda Thomas as master, and desired the same to appear of record, and the said Amanda released all claims for services rendered to said Woodson, and, therefore, Amanda was declared " free from all control or restraint whatsoever, from the said Andrew, who was released from all liability to the said Amanda. FEES. At an accounting of the County Judge, Recorder and Treasurer, and Clerk of the District Court in relation to fees, on the 5th day of October, 1857, the amount of fees received by each was as follows : County Judge, J. W. Rogers, reeeived $ 4 20 Recorder and Treasurer, Jacob Conkey 211 45 " " from P. L. Hinkley, Deputy 52 65 Clerk District Court 101 00 Total ?36!l 30 of which each received f 123.10, the said Conkey paying the said Clerk $22.10, and to said Judge, f 118.90, from his said fees. Fees accounted at $650 a year. January 4, 1858, these county officers divided $374.75. January 29, 1858, the County Court ordered that Alonzo H. Fox be paid $3.40 for sixteen yards curtain muslin and two pounds of candles for the Court House. By the Senatorial apportionment act, approved March 20, 1858, the counties of Fayette and Bremer were constituted the Thirty-eighth District, to have one Senator. By act approved same day, Fayette was included in the Tenth Judi- cial District. • TRIAL BY JURY. The first case of jury trial- in the County Court, appearing qf record, was in the case of Fayette County vs. Frederick Taylor, on complaint of Margaret Wenger, who declared that she was " pregnant with a child, which, if born alive, would be a bastard, and charged said Frederick Taylor with being the father of said child." On the 3d day of February, 1858, defendant pleaded not guilty and demanded a jury. Constable William M. Norcross was directed to make a list of eighteen names of good and lawful men, from which to select a jury as provided by law. The jury selected from the Constable's list consisted of I. F. Clark, Alonzo H. Fox, J. A. Norcross, Jacob Conkey, Lewis Brown and Cyrus Gurdy. February 4th, after hearing the case, the jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the Court decreed that "the defendant, Frederick Taylor, do give security to the county of Fayette in the sum of one thousand dollars, condi^ tioned to save said county of Fayette and every other county in the State of Iowa from all charges toward the maintenance of the said child, and that defendant pay costs of suit, taxed at $25.35." Among the items charged in the bill of costs was Michael Kreamer, interpreter, two days, $1.00.- SMITHFIELD AND SCOTT TOWNSHIPS. February 27, 1858, a petition of fifty-nine citizens of Congressional Town- ship 92 north, Range 8, asking that that township might be erected into a civil HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 385 township, was filed May 4, 1857, and February 27, 1858, the court ordered as follows : That Township 92 north, Range 8 west, be and the same is hereby formed in a new town- ship, for all purposes, as contemplated by law. Said first election is ordered to be held at the house formerly occupied by Joseph Hobson, in said township ; and that Alden Mitchell is hereby appointed to discharge the duties, as required by law, necessary to organize said township ; said election to take place on the 1st Monday of April, 1858, at 9 o'clock A. M. ; and that there be elected three Township Trustees, one Clerk two Justices of the Peace, one Constable, and a vote to be taken, also, for School Fund Commissioner. Said township to be called Smithfield. Recorded on the same day was the following : Ordered, That Congressional Township 91 north Range 8 west, be and it is hereby formed into a new township, for all purposes contemplated by law, under the name of Seorr Township. And Prentice M. Freeman Is hereby appointed to discharge the duties, as required by law, neces- sary to organize said township. The first election in said township to be held at the house of Edward Kniseley in said township on the first Monday in April, 1858, at which election there will be elected three Township Trustees, one Clerk, two Constables, two Justices of the Peace, and a vote will also be taken for School Fund Commissioner. This order was made February 5, 1858. April 7th, the county officers divided the fees for the quarter ending April 4, 1858, amounting to $299.50. On the 10th day of May, 1858, County Judge, Jacob W. Rogers ; Clerk of the District Court, S. S. Seeley ; Sheriff, Jerome Boswell ; County Surveyor, H. Jones; County Assessor, S. Holton, met as a Board of Equalization, as provided by Chapter 111, of laws of 1857-58, to equalize the assessment of real estate for the year 1857, and decided to deduct 25 per cent, from the assessed value of said real estate as assessed for the year 1857. Unfortunately, 'he record does not state the amount, and the assessment rolls are not now in existence. VALUATION OF PROPERTY BY TOWNSHIPS FOR 1858 (obtained by computing from school tax of townships, one mill on the dollar, as shown by the tax list made out by S. S. Seeley). The assesment rolls and tax lists of the county during the early years of its history, were burned in the old court house in 1872. This document was found among some old memorandums and other papers placed at the disposal of the his- torian by Hon. J. W. Rogers, and is interesting as showing the valuation of the county twenty years ago, and the growth of the county during the first eight years of its political existence : lUyrla $168,430 Pleasant Valley 164,950 Fairfield 174,570 Putnam 80,740 Richland 75,150 Eden 138,050 West Union 411,880 Clement 226,230 Dover 166,460 Jefferson 83,090 Gran 98,590 Banks 76,810 Fremont 80,920 Windsor 121,0.50 Center 77,030 Smithfield 122,980 Scott > 58,670 Westiield 321,450 Auburn 235,260 Afterward assessed 17,260 Total 12,894,570 May 10, 1858, the County Court ordered the payment of 40 cents to A. H. Fox for two pounds of candles for use of Fayette County. July 6, 1858,^ §1.20 was paid for three pounds of candles. BANKINtJ ELECTION. Chapter 146 of the laws of the Seventh Greneral Assembly was an act entitled " An act ordering a special election for the purpose of submitting to the people certain acts therein named, regulating the business of banking." 386 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Approved March 23, 1858. This act provides for a special election on the fourth Monday in June, 1858 (June 28th), at which should be submitted to the people the question whether or not an act entitled " An act authorizing general banking in the State of Iowa," and also whether or not an act entitled " An act to incorporate the State Bank of Iowa," should go into effect or in any manner be in force. Under this act, special elections were held in the several townships in Fay- ette County June 28, 1858, resulting as follows : For the bank, 681 ; against the bank, 57. GOLD EXCITEMENT. In 1858, the good people of Fayette were considerably excited by the dis- covery that the dirt and sand galon Otter Creek, near West Union, contained gold. In 1859, some young men, sons of William Wells, washed ten cents' worth of gold from a panful of Otter Creek dirt. The Public Review, in 1859, said-: " That there is gold in this county is an indisputable fact, which was tested as long ago as last Summer ; but that it will pay much to gather it, is not sure by any means. We have no doubt, how- ever, that there is nearly as much ground for raising a sensation here respecting the gold as there is at Pike's Peak." From that time to the present, ever and anon, gold has been found in small quantities along the water courses of the county. In 1877, Brush Creek and vicinity were considerably exercised over the dis- covery of gold in Maine Creek, a little stream northeast of Brush Creek, but it was not found in paying quantities, the most successful hunter realizing only about f8.00 a week. Minute quantities of the precious metal have been found in Brush Creek, Otter Creek and in Volga River, near Fayette ; but while there may be abundant " ground for raising a sensation respecting gold" in Fayette, it will probably be many years before it will rival Pike's Peak. There is gold in inexhaustible quantities in Fayette, but it is scattered over the whole county and is to be found with the plow within a few inches of the surface of her fertile prairies. July 5, 1858, at the quarterly division of fees by the Judge, Treasurer, Recorder and Clerk, the receipts for the quarter were $450.67, nearly enough to pay their salaries — the balance due each being only $12.28, to be paid by county warrants. A FINANCIAL EXHIBIT. July 5, 1858, the annual settlement made with the County Treasurer shows the financial condition of the county' on that date to be as follows : Receipts for the fiscal year ending July 4, 1858 $16,182 22 Disbursements 12,707 67 Balance $3,474 55 Add balance July, 1857 1,443 44 Total $4,917 99 Amount of fees for the year : By Treasurer (J. Conkey) ^1,090 30 By Judge f J. W.Rogers) 24 50 By Clerk (S. S. Seeley) 450 87 Total $1,565 67 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 387 Said ronltey having collected $966.55 and his predecessor (from July 4th to August 8th) $123.75; said Conkey receiving from his predecessor $52.65, the balance, $71.10, having been disbursed. Amount of v?arrants redeemed by Treasurer Conlsey of Rogers' issue ... $6,347 06 Amount of warrants redeemed by Treasurer Conkey of former issue 90 75 Total $6,437 81 Add interest for certain warrants ■ 32 09 Total $6,469 90 DELINQUENT TAXES. State. County. School. Road. Total. Tax of 1854 . Tax of 1855 . Tax of 1856 . Tax of 1857 . I 81 96 91 98 177 34 1,509 77 393 44 440 00 709 41 1,774 42 65 57 73 38 141 89 754 89 $ 65 57 73 38 141 89 754 80 1 606 54 678 44 1,170 53 6,793 97 Total $1,860 75f5,317 27f 1,035 73$1,035 73$9,249 48 Amount of warrants outstanding : $220 73 J. W. Rogeks, Couniy Judge. July 12, 1858, Ordered, that the Trustees of Clermont Township (Charles Sawyer, E.- D. Butten and Daniel Clark) be allowed the sum of twenty-five dollars to remove Dennis Cavin, a sick Irish pauper, to Massachusetts (South Hadley), upon recommendation of said Trustees. The Board of Equalization made no change in the assessment of 1858. August 2, 1858, the County Court ordered the payment of $8.00 " for two pairs handcuffs and one pair leg-shackles." October 4, 1858, fees for the quarter then ending amounted to $435.79. January 4, 1859, the amount was $456.12. October 27th, the County Board of Equalization levied taxes as follows : County tax, three mills on the dollar of assessed value of property ; school tax, one mill ;• road tax, two mills ; State tax, one and one-half mills ; road poll tax of two dollars ; poll tax of fifty cents. April 4, 1859, at the quarterly division of fees, the amount received for the quarter just ended was $467.95. Each received a county warrant for $6.52. Salaries calculated at $6.50. EQUALIZATION. April 4, 1859, the Board of Equalization equalized as follows : Township. AaseBsed Average per Acre. Remarks. West Union $6 45 No change. Auburn 4 22 No change. Clermont 2 69 50 per cent, added. Dover 4 20 No change. Eden 2 96 30 per cent, added. Richland 2 15 50 per cent, added. Windsor 4 62 Cut down 1-7. Pleasant Valley 4 04 No change. Illyria 4 81 No change. Westfield 3 31 20 per cent, added. Center 3 22 No change. Banks 2 09 40 per cent, added. Fremont 2 24 No change. Smithfield 2 51 No change. Fairfield 3 40 30 per cent, added. Putnam 1 45 40 per cent, added. Scott , 3 02 No change. Jefferson 3 39 No change. Oran 2 39 20 per cent, added. 388 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL MONEY. The following table shows the number of scholars and amount of school money apportioned to each township in April, 1859 : Apportionment Township N**' Scholars, to each Township. Auburn.:.' 323 $373 09 Banks 21 24 27 aermont 275 315 34 Center 130 150 16 Dover 338 390 42 Eden..""."'. 240 277 22 Fairfield 343 396 20 Fremont 77 88 96 lUyria 266 307 25 Jefferson , 119 137 45 Gran 162 187 12 Putnam 134 154 78 Pleasant Valley 323 373 09 Richland 71 82 02 Scott 37 42 74 Smithfield 119 137 45 Westfield v 490 5H5 99 Windsor 162 187 12 West Union 723 835 12 Total 4,351 $5,025 79 Apportionment to each scholar, f 1.15.6. CENSUS OF 1858. The Public Review, of April 7, 1859, published the following table, giving the number of inhabitants and number of voters in each township : Township. No. Inhabitants. Voters. West Union 1,729 418 Auburn 1,029 240 Banks 79 24 Clermont 794 167 Center 180 39 Dover 801 114 Eden 717 145 Fairfield 814 178 Fremont 177 37 lUyria 721 154 Jefferson , ; 311 61 Oran '. 378 72 Putnam 345 84 Richland 153 35 Smithfield 300 68 Westfield 1,508 321 Windsor 445 91 Pleasant Valley , 836 173 Scott 68 13 Total 11,385 2,434 " In 1856," says the Review, " the number of inhabitants was 8,357, giving an increase of about thirty-seven per cent, during the last three years. As the emigration to Iowa, subsided, in a great measure, two years ago, these figures show a very satisfactory growth." DISTRICT COURT, 1859. Hon. Elisha H. Williams presided as Judge at the June term of the Dis- trict Court. S. F. Shepard, charged with an assault with intent to kill, was tried. The jury returned a verdict of "guilty of an assault," and the Court imposed a fine of $1.00 and costs. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 389 At the same term, John Shook (and Omer Shook makes default), indicted for assault with intent to murder (somebody, the papers are burned), was tried. The jury returned a verdict of " guilty of an assault, with intent to do great bodily injury," and the Court sentenced him to " thirty days' imprisonment in the County Jail." As the county of Fayette had no jail, Shook was prob- ably sent to the Clayton County jail, at Elkader. At the quarterly accounting of the county officers July 4, 1859, the fees amounted to $704.20; and, for the first time, there was a surplus, after paying salaries, amounting to $216.70. FINANCIAL STATEMENT. At the annual settlement with the County Treasurer, the county appears in a sound financial condition, as follows : Total amount received, including balance July 5, 1858 $24,021 37 Total amount disbursed 21,004 46 SCHOOl FUND. 13,016 91 Dr. Permanent fund $1,294 63 Temporary fund 4,918 04 $6,212 67 Or. Permanent fund $1,227 18 Temporary fund 4,106 01 $5,333 14 $879 53 Total balance in treasury $3,896 44 HAKLAN TOWNSHIP. Another new township was created, by order of the Court, September 6, 1859, as follows : Orde-ed, That Congressional Township 92, Range 9, be and it is hereby formed in a new township for all purposes contemplated by law, under the name of Harlan Township ; and Fran- cis M. Aylsworth is hereby appointed to discharge the duties, as required by law, necessary to organize said township. The first election to be held at the school house at Long Grove (or at the house lately occupied for school house), in said township, on the second Tuesday of October, 1859 (11th), at which election there will be elected three Township Trustees, one Township Clerk, two Constables, two Justices of the Peace, one Supervisor of Roads and one Assessor; also, the following district officers, viz.; one Representative to General Assembly and one Senator to Gen- eral Assembly; also, the following county officers, viz.: County Judge, Sheriif, Treasurer and Recorder, Surveyor and Coroner; also, the following State officers, viz.; Governor, Lieutenant Governor and three Judges of Supreme Court. The rate of taxation established by the County Board, September 20, 1859, was as follows : County tax, three mills ; school tax, one mill ; State tax, one and one-half mills — a total of five and one-half mills ; and poll tax, fifty cents. October 3d, the quarterly receipts of fees were as follows : Judge, $2.20 ; Treasurer, $173.50; Clerk, $246.05— total, $421.75. Judge and Clerk paid over to the Treasurer the amounts taken by them respectively. didn't want A JAIL. On the 25th day of August, 1859, an order was made by the County Judge for taking a vote in the several townships in the county, by the qualified elec- tors thereof, to decide whether a jail should be built in the county, and an 390 HISTORY OF FAYETTE- COUNTY. additional tax of two mills on the assessed value of property for the years 1860 and 1861, to defray the expenses of building said jail — the vote to be taken at the October election, 1859. Those voting "yes" were to be considered as vot- ing for the whole question of building the jail and raising the tax ; those voting "no" were to be considered as voting against the whole proposition. At the election, October 11, 1859, the proposition was rejected by a vote of 276 yeas and 1,151 noes. THE COUNTY SEAT — VOTE ORDERED. December 5, 1859, a petition, signed by 1,349 citizens, was presented, pray- ing for an order of Court to submit to the legal voters of the county the ques- tion of removing the seat of justice from West Union to the village of Fayette. On the 6th, the affidavit of D. Alexander was filed. Mr. Alexander declared, on oath, that, as he verily believed, the signers of the petition were all legal voters. The County Judge, being satisfied that the petition contained a major- ity of the legal voters, according to the last census of the county, made order, as follows : It is ordered by the Court that a vote be taken on the question of re locating said county seat, on the first Monday in April, 1860; said election to be conducted by the same officers, in the same manner and returns made as in general elections. And it is ordered that Constables post three notices of said election in three public places in each township, ten days prior to said 'election ; and that notice of the same be published in the Public Review, a newspaper published in West Union, in Fayette County, Iowa, at least three weeks prior lo said election. The form of vote will be : For Removal of County Seat to Fayette. Against Removal of County Seat to Fayette. December 7, 1859, Alexander's Addition to the village of Fayette was vacated by Order of the County Court. On the final settlement with the County Treasurer, Jacob Conkey, it was found that he had on hand a balance of $5,898.89. He paid to his successor, Walbridge, |5,018.89, leaving a balance of $880 ; to this was added |175— amount of warrants twice credited — making a balance on the books, January 1, 1860, of $1,055. February 25, 1860, Mr. Conkey was credited with the amount of award by Judge B. H. Williams, on submission of true account (result of Treasurer's error) $1,186.66, and received county warrants to balance, 1131.66. In 1850, the population of Fayette County was 825 ; in 1851, 1,200 ; in 1852, 2,065; 1854, 5,042; in 1855, 8,275 ; 1859, 11,301. RAILROAD AGITATION. February 1, 1860, a railroad meeting was held at Auburn. W. W. Hills was appointed Chairman and I. S. Lame, Secretary. The object of the meeting was stated by James Boale to be to remonstrate against the transfer of the land grant to the Iowa Central Air Line R. R. Company from that to the Dubuque, Marion & Western. James Boale, J. L. Davis and I. S. Lame were appointed a committee to draft resolutions. This committee reported a series of resolutions declaring that the "lands granted to the Iowa Central Air Line should revert to the United States on the passage of a bill by the General Government making an equally liberal grant to aid in constructing a railroad from McGregor, west, through the State to the Missouri River, in order that equal and exact justice might be done to the citizens of Iowa, irrespective of locality." The closing resolution expressed the utmost confidence in the integrity and ability pf the McGregor, St. Peters & Missouri River Railroad Company. HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 391 February 6, a similar meeting was held at the Court House in "West Union, at which P. L. Hinckley was Chairman, and John Gharky, Secretary. At the meeting, Wm. McClintock, J. W. Rogers and Joseph Hobson constituted the Committee on Resolutions. COUNTY SEAT ELECTION. Result of the election April 2, 1860, on the question seat be removed to Fayette ? " Auburn Banks Clermont Center Dover Eden Fairfield Fremont Harlan Illyria Jeiferson Gran Putnam Pleasant Valley. Kichland Scott Smithfleld ! West Union Westfield Windsor the question " Shall the county • Removal. Against Removal. 89 105 7 19 58 101 45 1 15 111 15 130 209 3 36 22 93 53 61 77 73 83 135 5 35 15 86 4 480 276 28 2 103 Total 1,221 1,304 The night of August 15, 1860, a burglar entered the house of William Stephenson, at Taylorsville, securing $175 in money, a gold watch and some other property. Two nights after, at West Union, Mr. ' Berkey, of the firm" of Berkey & Winett, lost from his bedroom, $1,300 in cash. The Turkey River Baptist Association, comprising the churches at Erie, Hardin, Illyria, Lime Springs, Oran, Rossville, Strawberry Point, Vernon Springs, Waterville, Waukon, Westfield and West Union, was organized at the latter town July 14, 1860. Rev. C. E. Brown was first Moderator ; Alva Bush, Clerk. A machine for drilling wheat was exhibited at West Union, in February, 1860, probably the first ever brought to the county. The general opinion expressed by those who examined it was favorable to the machine. THE FIRST CONVICTS. At the June (1860) term of the District Court, after the county had been organized ten years, Andrew J. Ostrander, arraigned on a charge of stealing cattle, pleaded " guilty," and was sentenced to the penitentiary for three months and to pay the costs of prosecution. This was the first person sentenced to the penitentiary from Fayette County. During the same term, John Husband, William Shriver and Horace Wheeler pleaded guilty to a charge of grand lar- ceny, and were also sentenced to three months in the penitentiary and to pay costs. At this term. Judge Williams presided; Milo McGlathery was District Attorney; J. J. Welch, Sheriff, and Joseph Hqbson Clerk. Fred.- A. Mitchell, Charles H. Miller and Jameson Berkey were admitted to the bar, and at the next term, October 10, J. R. Beck was admitted also. 392 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. GRAND CELEBRATION. Wednesday, July 4, 1860, was celebrated in grand style by the people o: Fayette County, at West Union. The Committee of Arrangements consisted of J. W. Rogers, Chairman ; James Bell, Dr. Fuller, George Thomas, P. P. Crane, Charles Chadwick and D. G. Hoffman. A stand was erected in th« grove, to which the procession marched. The Declaration of Independence was read by Joseph Hobson ; oration by J. W. Towner ; dinner at the hotels and fireworks in the evening. The Good Templars, in large numbers, participated in the ceremonies of the day. MILITARY. July 20, 1860, at a meeting in the Court House, of which John Gharky was Chairman and S. B. Zeigler Secretary, it was voted that a military com- pany should be organized. Stirring speeches were made by Zeigler, Webber, Geary, Thomas and Laken. A committee, to consult with the citizens, was appointed, consisting of George Thomas, J. P. Webster, C. A. Newcomb, B. H. Geary and S. W. Cole. No further records of this movement. FAYETTE COUNTY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION. A meeting of the teachers of the county was held at the chapel of the Upper Iowa University November 3, 1860, when the Fayette County Teach- ers' Association was organized by the adoption of a Constitution and election of oflBcers, as follows : President, J. M. McKenzie; Vice President, W. W. Warner; Secretary, A. 0. Whaley ; Executive Committee, J. M. McKenzie, W. W. Warner, R, H. Spencer, Nellie Herrington and Electa Abernethy. Among the questions proposed for discussion was the following : Resolved, That ladies should be employed, in preference to gentlemen, in our private schools. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. In November, 1860, ten years after the organization of the county, the Presidential vote was as follows : Townships. Liacoln. Douglas. Auburn ■; 82 106 Banks 13 14 Clermont 115 63 Center 32 11 Dover 66 4T Eden 83 6(> Fremont 15 16 Fairfield 102 82 Harlan 16 i Illyria 97 43 Jefferson 31 38 Oran 51 36 Putnam 67 T Pleasant Valley 140 31 Richland 29 9 Smithfield 44 31 Scott , 14 5 Windsor 66 30 West Union 288 116 Westfield 178 86 Total 1,529 835 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 393 A BOLD BURGLARY. On Friday morning, November 9, 1860, the county officers were surprised and horrified by the discovery that, during the previous night, the Court House had been "burglarized," and that the Treasurer's safe had been stolen. The safe contained $3,962 in money and about $70,000 of school fund securities. The thieves had boldly driven a wagon to the door of the Court House, loaded the "safe " into it and hauled it off. Mr. A. B. Carpenter states that his first improvements on the place where he now lives, in Windsor, were made in I860, when he built a rough board shanty. " This," says Mr. Carpenter, " was used (in my absence) as a house of entertainment by those individuals w|io took the money safe from the Court House in West Union. They came across this unsettled prairie from the vicin- ity of Taylorsville, I think, stopped at my shanty, rested and fed their team, cooked their supper, took my hand-saw and crowbar, by the use of which and another bar and sledges, which they obtained at Mr. Peck's shop in West Union, they managed to burst open the Court House doors, trundle the safe into a wagon, which they had carefully placed at the north door of the Court House, then drove — sometimes in the traveled road, sometimes out — until they arrived at some tall prairie grass, on the edge of Richland (now Bethel) Township, when they broke open and plundered the safe and then precipitated it into the tall grass." Judge Rogers immediately issued a proclamation, offering $500 reward for the return of the money and the apprehension and conviction of the thieves, or $250 for the apprehension and conviction of the thieves. During the fore- noon of Friday, the "big iron chest " was found about ten miles from West Union in the tall grass, as stated by Mr. Carpenter, but it had been pried open with crowbars and the contents, except one sovereign and a dime, removed. On Sunday morning, November 11th, George Stephenson, William Stephen- son and John Rubert, charged with stealing the safe, were brought into West Union in charge of Sheriff J. J. Welsh and J. G. Ellis, Sheriff of Bremer County, and held to answer at the next term of court. The papers abstracted from the safe were found by Dr. Lake, of West Union, and James F. Babcock, of Oran Township. Sheriff Welsh succeeded in persuading one of the prison- ers to go with him and show him where the money was buried. To guard against contingencies, Mr. Welsh caused E. S. White and John S. Brewer to follow, to be witnesses in the event of refusal of the prisoner to show up as he^ had promised. The party went to Wilson's Grove and the prisoner led the way to an oak tree, at the root of which he said the money was buried. Digging there, the officer soon found the gold, which was tied up in a piece of an old quilt, and recovered the whole amount stolen, except about $60 that had been taken by some of the thieves to pay expenses. At the the June term (1861) of the District Court, John S. Rubert and George Stephenson pleaded guilty, and were sentenced to six months in Win- nesheik jail and a fine of $200 each for the burglary. William Stephenson forfeited his recognizance, but at the next term, October 10th, came into court, was arraigned, pleaded guilty and sentenced to the penitentiary for three years and to pay all costs. He was pardoned by Gov. Kirkwood, and discharged May 6, 1863. THE REWARD. Soon after the capture of the robbers and recovery of the money, Sheriff Welsh presented his claim for the reward of $250 for the recovery of the money 394 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. to the County Court. Judge Rogers refused to allow it on the ground that tl Sheriff was an oflScer of the people and was bound to recover the money, possible, without reward. But in January, the Board of Supervisors supersedt the County Judge system. The Sheriff presented his claim to the Board i January, but it also refused to allow it, when Mr. Welsh withdrew and cor menced an action against the county. June 3, 1861, the Board of Supervisors appointed a special committe consisting of Chas. Sawyer, S. C. Crosby and J. B. Stephenson to consider tl question of payment of the reward offered by Judge Rogers. On the 4th, th committee reported that Dr. Lake was entitled to the reward and recommende that an order be drawn on the Treasury for $250 in his favor. The report ws accepted and the consideration of the recommendation made a special order fc the next day at 1 o'clock. The reward was paid and is understood to hav been divided between Lake and Ellis, the Sheriff of Bremer County. About the same time, a committee was appointed to consult with Distric Attorney McGlathery in relation to the suit, of which the Board had receive notice — Welsh vs. Fayette County. Mr. McGlathery informed the committe that the Sheriff's claim was just and legal and that it would undoubtedly b allowed by the Court. The committee reported, and the following abstract fror the record shows that the Board concluded that they had better pay the amoun without additional cost of court : June 7, 1861, it was manifest to the Board, through Chas. Sawyer, that J. J. Welsh ha made a claim against the county for $250 reward in the thief matter, and that he was liable t substantiate his claim if it went to trial, accordingly, Levi Fuller, H. P. Hoyt and Geo. Burnsid were appointed a committee to wait on Mr. Welsh and settle his claim against the county fo reward. Upon report of this committee, the Board ordered the payment of the claim. It is proper to add that Rubert, who was undoubtedly led into the troubl by the Stephenson boys, after serving out his sentence, returned, settled ii Pleasant Valley and became a good, industrious, upright citizen. He was : member of the grand jury a year or two ago. It is said that Robert Stephenson, a brother of the Stephensons above men tioned, was elected one of the Supervisors of Bremer County in the same yea that his brothers carried off the Fayette County safe, and before his term o office had expired, he was a party to robbing the safe of that county. George Stephenson, after serving his sentence, removed with his father t Bremer County, became a good citizen and, a few years ago, was elected ; member of the Board of Supervisors of that county. William Stephenson, after his pardon and discharge, went to California where, it is said, he now resides, a wealthy and respected citizen. The population of Fayette County, in 1860, was 12,097. October 29, 1860, according to the Pioneer of that date, corn was wortl two shillings and potatoes twenty cents a bushel. Saturday, December 1 wheat sold for forty-five cents in West Union. December 17, the proprietor of the steam mills advertised to pay forty cents for wheat. COUNTY JUDGE SYSTEM ABOLISHED. By an act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act creating a Count; Board of Supervisors," etc., approved March 22, 1860, to take effect July 4 1860, the duties of County Judge were limited to the exercise of probab powers, granting marriage licenses, etc., and the general management of count; officers was placed in the hands of a Board of Supervisors, consisting of om from each civil township, who were to be elected in October, and enter upon thi duties in January following. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 395 Judge Rogers resigned in October, to take effect January 1, 1861. His last act, which was also the last act of the County Court under the County Judge system, was to issue a marriage license to William Jones and Ann Jones on the 7th day of January, 1861, on jihe sworn testimony of R. A. Richardson, " that he was personally acquainted with the said applicants, and believed them to be of competent age and condition to marry." It may be mentioned as a somewhat singular fact, that the first as well as the last official act of Judge Rogers was to issue a marriage license. THE FIRST BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. On the same day, Jan. 7, 1861, the first Board of Supervisors assembled at the Court House as follows : Hiram W. Earll, Auburn ; Matthew Armstrong, Banks ; Samuel Crawford, Center ; Charles Sawyer, Clermont ; H. B. Hoyt, Dover ; George Burnside, Eden; C. D. Shambaugh, Fairfield; H. W. Zimmerman, Fremont; J. B. Kingsbury, Harlan ; William Morras, Hlyria (Henry Gibson, Jefferson, was not present at first meeting) ; 0. C. Kent, Oran ; J. B. Stephenson, Pleasant Valley ; J. L. Bruce, Putnam ; Ira Burbank, Richland ; S. C. Crosby, Scott ; E. Demott, Smithfield ; C. A. Newcomb, West Union ; and William HoUiday, Windsor. Samuel Crawford was elected Chairman ; Joseph Hobson was Clerk. January 8, the Board proceeded to elect a County Judge to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Rogers. H. W. Earll and J. B. Stephenson were appointed tellers, and on informal ballot, H. W. Hawkins had 11, W. B. Lakin 7, B. Lakin 1, and blank 1. The Board then voted to proceed to an election, and the ballot resulted as follows : W. B. Lakin had 11 votes, and H. N. Hawkins had 9 votes, and W. B. Lakin was declared elected. On the 9th, a communication was received from Mr. Lakin declining the office, and the Board proceeded to ballot again for County Judge, which resulted as fol- lows: H. N. Hawkins received 20 votes, was declared elected, and his bond fixed at $1,000. On the 11th, on motion of Mr. Zimmerman, the Fayette County Review was designated as the official paper of the county for the ensuing year. The Board directed the Clerk to notify the Trustees of Auburn and Dover, that Sections 1, 12 and 13 were set back to Auburn Township for all purposes. AIK FOR KANSAS SUFFERERS. March 9, 1861, the citizens of Fayette County held a meeting at the Court to make arrangements for receiving and forwarding donations in aid of the suf- fering citizens of Kansas. Winslow Stearns, Chairman ; E. Z. Stowe, Secretary. E. Z. Stowe, Jerome Boswell and Rev. Reuben Ricker were appointed a Central Committee, to confer with citizens of the various towns, and to receive and forward donations. Local committees to solicit donations were appointed as follows : J. E. Robinson, H. B. Budlong and Charles Towrode, Fayette. Wm. Larrabee, 0. F. Buttles and S. F. Palmer, Clermont. James Austin, James Boale and Thomas Earll, Auburn. In April, 1861, the rebellious spirit of the South culminated, and the most stupendous civil war of modern times was inaugurated when the rebels opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston (S. C.) harbor. Fayette County did her full share in furnishing the sinews of war, as will be more fully seen in " The War Record " of the county in another part of this work. 396 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. At the June session of the Board of Supervisors, Dr. Levi Fuller Tvas elected a member of the Board for West Union, Carmon A. Newcomb having enlisted in the service of the United States and resigned his seat. On motion of William Morras, |650 as appropriated for defraying the expenses of fitting out and clothing the Fayette County Volunteers. June 7, a vacancy was reported in the office of County Surveyor, by a com- mittee appointed to investigate the matter, and Charles Hoyt was elected by the Board to fill the vacancy. The Board appropriated : For bridge at Clermont $1,000 For bridge at Clermont 200 For bridge across the Volga 100 For bridge at Auburn 250 For bridge at West Auburn 150 For bridge at Waudena 300 For bridge at Oran 250 For bridge at Eden 50 and ordered a tax of one mill on the dollar to raise said amount. The Committee on Public Buildings reported that, in their opinion, the Court House needed a new roof; that an appropriation not to exceed $800, or so much of that sum as should be found necessary, to put a substantial roof ot pine shingles on the building, under the supervision of Charle^ Sawyer, Levi Fuller and H. B. Hoyt ; they to let the contract to the lowest responsible bid- der. The contractor to be paid one-fourth the amount when the contract is made, one-fourth when the work is half done and the balance when the work is completed. The report was accepted and adopted. October 14, Clark Newcomb, member from Westfield Township, resigned, and Thomas Douglas was appointed to fill the vacancy. The Board then proceeded to canvass the election returns, with the following results for county officers : County Judge, H. N. Hawkins ; Treasurer and Recorder, F. G. Walbridge ; Sheriff, Charles Sawyer ; County Superintendent of Schools, S. W. Cole ; Surveyor, W. Stearns. The action of the Board in relation to a County Poor Farm will be found in a separate chapter in this work. March 4, 1861, the Republican voters of West Union voted for a candidate for Postmaster. P. F. Crane received 174 votes and his four competitors 166. RELIEF FOE, VOLUNTBEES. October 14, Charles Sawyer presented a petition from John Hasford and others, praying relief for families of volunteers. Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. October 15, the Board made each Supervisor a Comtnittee of One, in his respective townihip, whose duty it was to search out and report to a Central Committee, consisting of Levi Fuller, H. B. Hoyt and Thomas Douglas, the names of all families of volunteers who were in destitute circumstances caused by their lawful protectors having entered the service of the United States, and, upon such report being made, the Central Committee provided for their reliei and support. Upon vote, it was decided that the several committees in this matter work without compensation from the county. THE OSTKANDER MURDER. In October, 1861, for the first time since Fayette County had an independ- ent political existence, its people were startled and shocked with one of the most fiendish, cold blooded murders ever recorded in the annals of crime. HISTOBY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 397 George Ostrander with his family, consisting of his wife and several chil- dren, were living in 'Auburn, very near the southwest corner of the township. It is said that there were domestic difficulties and that Ostrander was badly troubled with jealousy. It is also said that he had been married before and that Ms first wife was still living ; that fearing, lest wife No. 1 might make a demand for a portion of his property, he had deeded to wife No. 2 land ; that he had seen a woman he wanted to make wife No. 3, and wanted No. 2 to divide with him and leave, which she refused to do. Whatever the cause, it appears that she unhappy pair had frequent bickerings and quarrels. On one occasion, Charles Sawyer, Esq., a near neighbor, had interfered and made peace between the parties, as he thought. Shortly after, on Sunday night, October 20, 1861, as Mr. Sawyer was preparing to retire, Ostrander Committee. A. H, Fox, ) The Board then appointed Mr. Baker as Swamp Land Agent, and Mr. Morras submitted the following contract to be entered into between the county and Mr. Baker, which was adopted : Said Baker to lake all proof requisite and prosecute to final success the claims of this county for swamp lands, and said Baker to receive therefor twelve and one-half per cent, on the whole amount recovered, the said per cent, to be paid to said Baker in kind — that is to say, for that part received in scrip, his percentage to be paid in scrip ; that part received in cash, his per- centage to be paid in cash. Provided, always, that no compensation shall be paid until proper vouchers are produced before the county authorities that the work has been satisfactorily per- formed. January 7th, the Chairman appointed A. H. Fox, H. B. Hoyt and William HoUiday as Central Committee on Relief of Volunteers' Families. June 2, 1862, E. Z. Stowe was appointed Supervisor of West Union, in place of A. H. Fox, resigned. Swamp Land Agent's Report. — At the June session of the Board of Super- visors, William Baker, the Swamp Land Agent, made a partial report of his transactions under the contract, and asking for further instructions : To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Fayette County, Iowa: The subscriber would beg leave to make the following report, as Swamp Land Agent of your county. I regret very much that I am unable to make a full report, for the reason that I have not been able to procure the necessary proofs. I have traveled through all the townships where selections of swamp lands have been made ; but, in many instances, have found parties, from whom I expected to obtain proof, absent from home, and the great depth of snow, in February, prevented me from reaching other parties, otherwise the proofs would have all been taken. There are 500 or 600 acres in the list not proved, for a part of which I shall be able to procure the necessary proof, while another portion thereof cannot be proved to be swamp lands. There is considerable swamp land in Township 92, Range 10, not selected, which can be proved ; also in Township 91, Range 10, and Township 93, Range 10. I have taken proof of some lands in those townships, not embraced in the Selecting Agent's list, and some in other townships. The whole number of acres on which proof has been taken, up to this time, is 13,664.67, of which amount, 5 065.76 acres were land warrant entries and 8,598.91 acres were cash entries. I will return to your county next week and complete the proofs and forward them to the department for examination ; and I have no doubt but there will be a speedy response to the claim, as there is now a movement in the right direction for the final settlement of those claims. Respectfully submitted, William Baker. I would make a proposition, in view of a certain fee that has to be paid, that has come to my knowledge since the taking of the job in hand. I find that there is a fee charged by the Register of the United States Land Office at Des Moines of |1.00 for each certificate, which was wholly unknown to me at the time of contracting with you. Said fee will amount to about f 300 for this county, and, in view of that fact, if you will now advance the 2 per cent., as proposed by me in the original proposition, I will take the 10 per cent., as first proposed, and release you from the 2J per cent, which was added for making the advances, which amount will be, on what proof is now taken, $427.00, and the advance asked on the same amount of proof is $341.60, which amount is to be deducted from the 10 per cent., and the county will save that amount and something over, as, when the proof is all taken, it will, probably, amount (o $450.00, and the advance asked, viz., 2 per cent., to about 1380.00, when the necessary proofs are all taken. W. Baker, Swamp Land Agent. 400 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. To the Honorsbble Board of Supervisors of Fayette County : I would like the Board to take some action in relation to Swamp Lands in Township 91, Kange 10, Township 92, Range 10, and Township 93, Range 10, that have not been selected. I think there are some that might be secured to the county, but do not feel authorized to go further in the matter than I have done without instructions. There are a few pieces in other townships, but not many. William Baker. These reports were accepted. June 2, 1862, a communication was read from the State Auditor, notifying ■the Board that the certificate of the Superintendent of the Iowa Hospital for the Insane showed the indebtedness of the county, for the board of fifteen insane persons, amounting to f 324.46. June 4, the report of the Eelief Committee showed that $132.00 had been appropriated for the relief of soldiers' families. ADMITTED TO THE BAR. January 12, 1862, at the June term of the District Court, James L. Camp- bell was admitted to the bar ; and, October 6th, Henry W. Harm an was exam- ined and admitted to practice. A EATAL WELL. On Wednesday, July 30, 1862, a young man named Waterworth attempted to go down into a well, at Elgin, but after descending a short distance, he sud- denly fell into the water from the effects of carbonic acid gas. Samuel Hallet, another citizen of Elgin, attempted to rescue him, but was suffocated by the foul air and fell. Mr. Waterworth, father of the first victim, made an efifort to descend, but he also was hurled headlong and lifeless into the water below. A fourth man undertook to descend, but, before he had descended far, those who were attending to the rope discovered that his life was in danger, and drew him to the surface just in time to save him. BOUNTY TO VOLUNTEERS. At a special session of the Board of Supervisors, August 12, 1862, a bounty of $60 was provided for volunteers (see War Record), and the Board voted that its services at that session should be' gratuitous. In September following, a Bounty Fund was created, and a tax of five mills levied. October 10, Joseph Hobser was elected Clerk of the District Court. October 24, 1862, the Board voted to request the Governor to commission William Baker as Swamp Land Agent for Fayette County. Tuesday evening, November 18, 1862, a Scriptural discussion between Revs. R. Swearingen and M. E. Cornell, commenced at the Court House. The ques- tion was : " Do the Scriptures teach that man possesses an immortal, conscious principle?" Mr. Swearingen took the affirmative, and Mr. Cornell the nega- tive. The discussion closed on Wednesday evening,. December 26th, both hav- ing won the, victory. At the session of the Board June 1, 1863, E. R. Miller was appointed to fill the vacancy from Scott Township, caused by the resignation of S. C. Crosby. BOUNTY SUSPENDED. June 3d, the Board, after directing the Clerk to draw orders for bounty to those entitled to it up to that date, suspended all further action in relation to bounty. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 401 BOUNTY ON WOLVES. To the Board of Superviiors of Fayette County : Your Committee, to whom was referred a petition of sundry citizens of Fayette County, praying for a bounty on wolf scalps, have had the same under consideration, and beg leave to report that they deem the matter therein contained of vital interest to the people of this State, and particularly the county of Fayette, which is infested with those deadly foes, the most hateful of the whole canine race. At the hour of midnight, when the senses of the shepherd are locked in deep sleep, the wolf rushes from the bog and glen upon those neighboring sheepfolds, com- mitting dreadful havoc upon those meek and lowly animals, as well as upon the j unior members of the swinish multitude. Your Committee are therefore of the opinion that, should the Board adopt the following resolution, the chivalrie sons of Fayette would not cease until, like Gen. Putnam, the distin- guished hero of Ticonderoga, they have dragged the last wolf from hia hiding place. The wolf, the enemy of sheep. Prowls about when we're asleep. And, despite of faithful dogs. They kill our sheep and junior hogs ; Which robs us of our wool and bacon By one of the imps of old Satan. Hence I pray this Board, in session, To pass an order to meet the question. And by a unanimous vote, Make his scalp a county note. Therefore, be it Resolved, That an extra bounty of one dollar be alio wed by this Board, to be paid out of the county fund, for each wolf scalp, if it can be done according to law. D. B. Heekiman, H. B. HoYT, E. R. MiLLEK, Oommittee. Notwithstanding the above poetical effusion, the resolution was lost when put to vote. June 4th, the Board instructed the Clerk to dispose of the old safe belong- ing to the county at the best terms he could. June 8, 1863, William H. Austin was duly examined and admitted to prac- tice in the courts of Iowa. October 19, 1863, F. H. Chapman, of Illyria, and Harrison Augir, of Center, became members of the Board of Supervisors, vice Herriman and Brunson, resigned. At the October election, 1863, the question of whether Fayette County should build a jail or no, appears to have been submitted to the people, as the Board of Supervisors canvassed the vote, and recorded 1,597 votes cast, of which 727 were for and 870 against. TOWNSHIP COLLBCTOESHIP. October 21, 1863, the Supervisors expressed themselves strongly in favor of the adoption of a system of township collections of taxes, and passed the fol- lowing resolutions : Resolved, That this Board are in favor of the inauguration of a system of township collec- tors instead of the present system of paying taxes at the county seat. Be it further resolved, That the Clerk of this Board be instructed to prepare suitable peti- tions, having for their object the praying to our honorable Senators and Representatives for the above change in our system of county government, and to send said petition into all the towns of Fayette County, to the care of their respective Supervisors as soon as they can be conveniently prepared. Be it further resolved. That each Supervisor be requested to see that said petitions are thoroughly circulated in their respective towns, and that they are forwarded to our Senators and Representatives before the opening of the coming session of the Legislature. 402 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. January 6, 1864, the Board received a communication asking a donation for the Soldiers' Home at Dubuque, which was referred to a special committee con- sisting of Messrs. Goodrich, Stowe and Marr. The committee reported next day to. the effect that they did not think it practicable to appropriate public funds for that purpose, in which the Board concurred. The resolution postponing or suspending the resolution to take the matter of supplying soldiers' families out of the hands of township trustees and placing it in the hands of the Supervisors, was rescinded. Mr. Marr offered the following resolution, which was adopted : Resolved, That the Supervisor of each town (who shall serve without compensation), together with the Trustees of the same, be and they are hereby constituted a committee to look after the interests of soldiers' families, to provide for their necessities, and the Supervisor who shall be Chairman of said committee shall report to the Board of Supervisors at their regular sessions, presenting accounts in detail, which shall be audited Snd allowed the same as other accounts are. January 8, the Board passed a series of resolutions expressing their desire for a division in the ofSce of Treasurer and Recorder, and that the taxes be collected by means of Township Collectors ; requesting their Senators and Rep- resentatives to procure the legislation necessary to accomplish the result, and directing the Clerk to forward a copy of the resolutions to the Senators and Representatives then at Des Moines. June 6, 1864, A. Hancock was appointed Supervisor from Jefferson Town- ship, vice James Mettlin, resigned. Reuel Parker was appointed from Dover vice Wm. C. Marr, resigned. June 8, the bounty on wolves and wild cats was increased to $3.00 per scalp. June 8, Winslow Stevens was elected by the Board as County Surveyor in place of Luke Camp, who had removed from the county. June 8, a committee of three was appointed to investigate the claims of soldiers under the 600,000 call. The chair appointed Messrs. Taylor, Good- rich and Stowe. January 7, 1864, James A. Green was admitted to the bar. soldiers' BOUNTY. September 5, the Board of Supervisors ordered a bounty of $100 to be paid to each volunteer answering to the President's call for 500,000 men, but rescinded the order November 16, following. November 14, 1864, the following members were sworn in to fill vacancies: C. R. Bent, West Union ; Aaron Brown, Westfield ; Daniel Hills, Pleasant Valley ; Asahel Hancock, Jefferson ; G. W. Kibbe, Windsor ; Reuel Parker, Dover. The Board then elected Reuel Parker, Chairman, to serve the balance of the year. THE SUPERVISOR SYSTEM CONDEMNED. January 6, 1865, Mr. Bent offered the following resolutions in relation to the cumbersome system of county government then in vogue, which were unani- mously passed : Resolved, That it is the sense of this Board that the Supervisor system of county government is cumbersome and expensive, and is not adapted to the wants of this county, and that it is our opinion that what is called the Commissioner system of county government, would be much less expensive and preferable. Resolved, That the Clerk of this Board is hereby requested to prepare a memorial expression of the sentiihent, and present the same to our State Senntor and Representative. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 403 E. D. Gazley was elected to fill a vacancy in the ofiice of County Surveyor. June 5, 1865, Lyman Culver, I. S. Lame, Richard Earll and John L. Long were sworn in to fill vacancies. Reuel Parker was elected Chairman, vice Aaron Brown, resigned. June 9, F. G. Walbridge presented his resignation as Treasurer, and H. B. Fox was unanimously elected. POCKET GOPHERS. June 9, 1865, the county fathers concluded it was high time to make war upon those little pests of the farmer, the gopher, and ordered that a bounty of twenty-five cents for each gopher scalp should be paid, when presented to the Supervisor of the township in which they should be taken, in numbers not less than five. The result was an unanticipated draft upon the treasury. Every boy in the county hunted gophers, and they were presented in such immense num- bers that a special meeting of the Board was called, and held on the 20th of July following, for the purpose of repealing the resolution passed at the June term,. offering a bounty of twenty-five cents on Pocket Gopher Scalps." The order was repealed and the Fayette County boys were deprived of that oppor- tunity of earning pocket money. October 16, William S. Phillips became a member of the Board, in place of John L. Long, resigned. THE JAIL QUESTION AGAIN. The question of the erection of a jail was again submitted to the people of the county at the election in October, 1866, but the proposition was rejected again by a small majority, the vote, as oflScially canvassed, being reported as follows: For building a jail, 767 votes; against building a jail, 886 votes. January 4, 1866, the Treasurer was authorized to exchange the specie in his office for currency, and report the amount received for the same to the Clerk. Vacancies in the Board of Supervisors appear to have been numerous. June 4, R. Lippincott and George L. Henderson, and October 15, 1866, A. H. Loomis and A. Ainsworth were sworn in to fill vacancies, and, on the same day, William Ash was appointed to fill a vacancy for West Union. A SUBSTITUTE FOR A JAIL. The people of the county voted against building a jail, in 1863, and again in 1865. The Supervisors, however, were of the opinion that true economy demanded some provision for the confinement of offenders against law, without sending them out of the county to board, and as the people would not order a jail built, they provided a substitute, and a very expensive substitute it proved to be. In pursuance of this questionable policy, on the 17th of October, 1866, the Board appropriated $500 " to build a cell in the northwest room of the Court House. William Ash was appointed to procure the necessary materials and superintend the construction of the same." The records do not show that any plan was adopted, but the " cell " was built in that part of the old building corresponding to the Recorder's office in the present Court House. It was con- structed by laying up an inner wall, or lining, made of oak boards, six inches wide, laid one upon the other, and spiked together. An iron door was furnished, and Fayette County was supplied with a substitute for a jail, containing a single cell. The "jail " was warmed in Winter by a stove, the pipe of which passed 404 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. through the wooden wall into the chimney, and this arrangement resulted in the destruction of the Court House and a portion of the records, in 1872. This contrivance was all the jail Fayette County ever had. THE COUNTY SEAT CONTEST REVIVED. Since the vote of 1860, by which the people refused to remove the county seat from West Union, the friends of the measure had been quiet until in 1867 a petition was circulated, asking the Board of Supervisors to submit the ques- tion " Shall the seat of justice of Fayette County be removed to the village of Fayette ? " This petition was presented to the Board, by Richard Earll, on the 11th day of June, 1867. This petition was referred to a special committee consisting of Messrs. Richard Earll, B. H. Ropes, John Webb, J. C. Williams and William S. Phillips. Two days after, on the 13th, the committee submitted a majority and a minority report as follows : MAJOEITY KEPORT. We. the undersigned Committee, to whom was referred the" petitions praying for the re- moval of the county seat from West Union to Fayette beg leave to report, that we have counted the number of names on said petitions, and find that there are 1,569 names signed on said peti- tions, which is 315 majority over the census of 1885, and that the petitioners are properly sworn to by the party who circulated the same ; that the names are all genuine and are legal voters of the county as the circulators believed. Therefore be it Resolved, That the question of the removal of the county seat from West Union to Fayette, shall be submitted to the electors of the county, to be voted for or against said removal, at the election to be held in October, 1867, and_ the Clerk of this Board is hereby ordered to see that the following is printed on the ballots to be used at said election, to wit : For the removal of the county seat to Fayette — "Yes." For the removal of the county ^eat to Fayette — "No." And the Clerk of this Board is further ordered to have notice of said election published in the Clermont Leader, as provided for in Section 4, Chapter 49, of the Session Laws of the Slate of Iowa, for the year 1862. And be it further Ordered, That the Sheriff is required to have the notices of said election furnished to a constable of each township in the county, and the constables are hereby ordered to post three of said notices in their respective townships, fifty days before the day of election, to be holden in October, 1867. Richard Eabll, John Webb, J. C. Williams, Wm. Z. Phillips, Majority Committee. MINORITY REPORT. B. H. Ropes, of the same Committee, made a minority report, as follows : To the Board of Svpervisors of Fayette County, Jowa : The undersigned minority of the committee to whom was referred the petition for the re-location of the county seat of Fayette County, respectfully submits the following : I cannot concur in the report of the maj ority of the Committee, for the following reasons : I find that this Board has no power to grant the prayer of the petitioners, unless first satisfied thata msjority of the legal voters of the county, as shown by the last census, have signed the same. The num- ber of voters in the county as shown by the last census, is 3,094. It would therefore require 1,548 to make the requisite number to confer jurisdiction, without which number any action of the Board would be void. It is claimed by the majority in their report, that they have 1,569 legal voters, making twenty-one over amajority of the whole number of voters in the county, and of this number I find from an examination of the Naturalization books in the Clerk's office, that fourteen of said signers had received their first papers only, and a part of said number are not entitled to their second papers during the present year. The following names are found on the petition, who had only declared their intention to become citizens, to wit: William H. Newling, N. James, Andrew Richie, Martin Lenhart, R. Hunt, Matthew Green, Andrew Harkin, Wm. King, Sam'l Fereday, James Strohm and Levi Linstrum. HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 405 I also find from reliable information, that said petition contains a large number of signers who never were voters, and still others who have removed permanently from the county. Among the first class are the following: Lewellen Filkins, Talbot Valliere, M. B. Spun and Peter Kelley ; and of the second class the following : T. W. Blanchard, D. D. Sanders, Seth H. Warren, A. C. Tatro, Wm. Randall, J. Rounds, E. Currier, J. C. Wood, Andrew Iliff and J. B. Severance. I am fully satisfied that a thorough examination of the petition will show many others, belonging to each of the above classes. I also find that petition No. 31, containing eight names, is not attested and sworn to as required by law, so as to entitle them to be counted. I simply call attention to these facts, without any desire to defeat the order asked for in the majority report, but I regard it as a jurisdictional question that we cannot ignore if we would. Of what use is it for us, by hasty and inconsiderate action, to involve the county in a strife and contest that can result in no good to any one ? In the above list of illegal voters, no reference is made to some fifteen or twenty signatures whose names appear thereon, who, under our laws are not recognized as voters. I would further suggest that there has not time been given for a thorough examination of the petition presented to determine whether some signatures have not been duplicated. State- ments of facts set forth herein being attested by affidavit of responsible parties and made a part of this report. I fail to see upon what principle we can take any other census than that of the present year as the basis on which to act. The Revision of 1800, chapter 48, provides : " That the Township Assessors of each township in this State shall, at the time of assessing property in the years 1859, 1863, 1865, 1867, 1869 and 1875, and every ten years thereafter, take an enumeration of the inhabitants in his township." Sec. 992, (2). " Said Assessor shall make return, on or before the first day of June, of such enumeration to the Clerk of the District Court of the county." The census has been taken in compliance with the above law, and the result is before us, and by it we must be governed. It is the theory of the law that every voter, a& shown by the census, who does not sign the petition is taken to remonstrate against it ; and, on behalf of the majority of voters who have not signed said petition, I respectfully but earnestly protest against the action recommended in the majority report. Respectfully submitted. B. H. Ropes. Here were introduced the affidavits of Joseph Hobson, G. A. Appleman and L. P. Pinch, substantiating the statements in regard to illegal voters in the minority report. Mr. Earle moved the adoption of the majority report, pending which P. J. Butler moved to amend by substituting the minority for the majority report, which was lost. The original motion then prevailed. Ayes — Appleman, Becker, Champlin, Earle, Finch, Gardiner, Heniman, Hough, Hoyt, Maynard, Phillips, Sidnam, Webb, Williams and Spears — 15. Nays — Ash, Butcher, McCreery, Ropes and Ward — 5. On the 8th day of October, 1867, at the general election, the people voted on the question of removal of the county seat to Fayette, with the following result : For Bemoval. Against Bemoval. Auburn 34 163 Banks 18 11 Center 79 2 Oermont 47 168 Dover 1 170 Eden 3 175 Fairfield 220 7 Fremont 61 2 Harlan 60 Illyria 41 116 Jefferson 101 Oran 100 Pleasant Valley 6 190 Putnam 103 2 Richland 4 55 Scott 29 Smithfield 125 1 Windsor 2 149 Westfield , 820 23 West Union 6 481 Total 1,360 1,715 406 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. June 3, 1867, J. W. Shannon was admitted to practice in the courts of Iowa. July 1, 1867, the Bible Society was re-organized, with J. H. Donald, Presi- dent ; T. Newcomb, Vice President ; L. W. Waterbury, Treasurer and Depos- itary; S. W. Cole, J. W. Shannon and G. E. Comstock, Executive Committee. CIRCUIT COURT. "An act establishing Circuit and General Term Courts, and to define the powers and jurisdiction thereof," approved April 3, 1868, ended the County Probate Judge system and made a radical and unwise change in the manner of conducting important public business. The act gave to the Circuit Court exclusive jurisdiction of all probate business, and in all appeals and writs of error from Justices' Courts, Mayors' Courts and all other inferior tribunals, either in civil or criminal cases. The counties of Clayton, Fayette and Chick- asaw were constituted the Second Circuit of the Tenth Judicial District. In October, 1868, B. T. Hunt was elected Judge of this court, and he held the first term in Fayette County, at the Court House, April 12, 1869. W. B. Lakin was the Clerk of the Court, and Jacob Swank, Sheriff. Petit Jury : A. A. Knight, Jacob Hoyer, Lorenzo Dutton, P. Cummings, D. Beamer, Orson Ward, Daniel Dorland, Wm. Mattocks, Orange S. Darks, Wm. Swale, E. B. Almon, C. T. Nefzgar. The first case before this court was the State of Iowa vs. George W. Young and Robert D. Noble, which was dismissed by agreement of attorneys. COUNTY AUDITOR. " An act to provide for the election of County Auditors and to define their power and duties, and making County Judges ex officio County Auditors," approved April 7, 1868, provided that at the general election preceding the expiration of the term of ofiice of the present County Judge, in any county, and every two years thereafter, there should be elected in each organized county in the State a County Auditor, whose term of ofiice shall commence on the first Monday in January following his election, and hold his office for the term of two years. The County Judge was made County Auditor ex officio, after the 1st day of January, 1869, until an Auditor should be elected and qualified, and the office of County Judge then ceased. The Auditor was made Clerk of the Board of Supervisors and was required to perform all the duties in respect to the school fund and school lands, until then performed by the Clerk of the District Court. The Clerk of the District Court and County Recorder were made eligible to the office of Auditor. The election of Auditor was fixed in odd numbered years. When this act went into effect, H. N. Hawkins was County Judge, and on the first day of January, 1869, became, ex officio, the first County Auditor of Fayette, but January 8, 1869, he resigned, and the Board of Supervisors appointed Jason L. Paine to fill the vacancy until the October election, when Hiram Hoagland was elected County Judge for Hawkins' unexpired term, and also County Auditor. Hoagland at once entered upon the discharge of his duties, but resigned January 5, 1870, and Albert Sutherland was appointed to fill the vacancy until the next election. In October, Sutherland was elected for the remainder of Hoagland's term. Auburn, located on the southeast quarter of Section 35, and the northeast quarter of Section 35, Township 95 north. Range 9 west. Re-surveyed by G- HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTS. 407 P. Crosby January 4, 1869, H. J. Ingersoll, Surveyor. Ordered to be recorded by the Board of Supervisors in 1870. This is the first record of the plat of Auburn, but the town was laid out in 1851. RICHLAND CHANGED TO BETHEL. January 3, 1870, the petition of Norman Ives and others, praying that the name of Richland Township be changed to Bethel, was presented to the Board of Supervisors, and on the 5th, the order was passed, directing the Auditor to post the usual notices. At the next session, June 8, 1870, the following order WiiEKEAs, It appearing to the satisfaction of the Board that a majority of the citizens of Richland Township are in favor of the change of the name of said township to that of Bethel, the Board therefore orders that said change of name be granted. COUNTY SUPERVISOBSHIP ESTABLISHED. In 1870, by an act to amend Article 11, of Chapter 22, of the Revision of 1860, approved April 14, 1870, the Board of Supervisors was reduced to three, which number might be increased to five or seven, by vote of the people. At the election in October, 1870, Edwin Stedman, H. S. Brunson and Alderi Spear were elected County Supervisors under the new law. These gentlemen met at the Court House January 2, 1871, and organized by choice of H. S. Brunson, Chairman, and the unwieldy and expensive Township Supervisor system was terminated. June 27, 1870, Andrew Thompson, indicted for murder in Clayton County, was tried in the District Court of Fayette, convicted, and sentenced to be hanged on the 9th of September following ; but his trial was reviewed by the Supreme Court, and his sentence was changed to imprisonment for life. While he was confined in the apology for a jail in this county, John Lightfoot, one of the most accomplished rogues ever known in this county, stole a pair of horses from a German and fled toward Minnesota. He was pursued by officer Welch, who overtook and arrested him near Lake Albert Lea, Minn., and returned with him to West Union, where he was confined in " Hencoop Corner," with Thomp- son. He did not remain long, however, for, stealing a case-knife, when his food was brought to him, he managed to saw off the iron bolt that fastened his door, and escaped. One hundred dollars' reward was offered for his apprehension, and some nine months afterward, a man brought him in from Illinois, and the reward was paid. This time, the Sheriff, Swank, was determined that Lightfoot should not escape: A blacksmith was employed to manufacture a pair of ankle ties, which were riveted on. On Monday night, February 13, 1871, after the Deputy Sheriff and Jailer, Ran Huyck, had fed his prisoner, Thompson (as reported in the Gazette), told the officer that he wanted some tobacco, gave Huyck some money and requested Lim to buy and bring to him a package of the weed. Huyck complied, locked the door of the cell and went on his errand. While he was absent, Lightfoot removed his manacles, and when Hiiyck returned alone and opened the door he was met by a stunning blow which knocked him across the hall, and Lightfoot sprang out and escaped. The discomfited officer gave the alarm and pursued, raising the town by his vociferous yells for assistance. Lightfoot has never been seen in the vicinity since. His escape was an unpleasant surprise to the Sheriff. The rascal was wearing on his ankles irons made for his especial benefit, of the best of iron, over an inch wide and half an 408 HISTORY OF FAyETTE COUNTY inch thick. For several days he had been sick, confined to his bunk, and his irons hurt him so much that he had worn rags around them. These irons he had sawed apart with rude saws made of stolen case-knives, so that they could be. readily removed when the occasion for escape offered. Lightfoot had already cost the county"$l,000, and but little effort was made to re-arrest him. In June, 1878, he was within twenty miles of West Union. RAILROAD MEETING. January 14, 1871, the people of the Turkey River country, including Fayette and Clayton Counties, held a mass meeting in Appleman's Hall, Cler- mont, for the purpose of conferring together in relation to the building of a railroad. Hiram Hoagland was Chairman of the meeting, and D. G. Goodrich, Secretary. A Committee on Resolutions, consisting of two from each township, was appointed, as follows : J. L. Davis, O.Claussen, Auburn; R. T. Burnham, T. Kineaid, Dover; C. F. Week, B. H. Hinkley, Clermont ; S. S. Bryant, F. Wohlheter, Pleasant Valley. ■ Executive Committee : H. Hoagland, J. L. Davis. Auburn ; T. Kineaid, R. R. T. Burnham, B. H. Ropes, Dover ; William Larrabee, B. H. Hinkley, Cler- mont ; F. Wohlheter, E. R. Follett, J. Capper, P. Dowse, Jr., Pleasant Valley. The meeting adopted resolutions expressing confidence in the C, D. & M. R. R., and that it would construct the road if aid should be extended by the people. A similar meeting was held in the school house at Eldorado, January 20, 1871. A TERRIBLE ACCIDENT. On Friday, May 19, 1871, William B. McCleery, proprietor of the West Auburn Mills, was returning from Ossian, Winnesheik County, with a heavily loaded wagon, and accompanied by his mother. As they were approaching the farm house of Mr. Phillips, near the northwest corner of Section 30, Township 95, Range 9, about four miles north of West Union, after sunset, and just after passing a wagon load of drunken, noisy rowdies, who set up a cheer and swung their hats as he passed them, his horses took fright, either at their noisy demon- strations or at some cattle moving in the timber beside the road, and suddenly started to run. In making an effort to gather up his reins, Mr. McCleery fell from the wagon beneath the wheels which ran over him, fracturing his jaw and skull and producing instant death. The horses ran into the timber, and upset the wagon against a log. Mrs. McCleery fell beneath the wagon box, in which a large box of merchandise was tied ; this box laid across her body, as she lay across the log, effectually imprisoning her. The horses had cleared themselves from the vehicle, and, running a short distance, in a semi-circle, became tangled in the harness and brush, within fifteen or twenty feet of McCleery's dead body, in the road. Mr. Hiram Ingersoll, of West Union, was returning from Ossian at the same time, and was approaching the spot unaware of the tragedy just enacted, or that McCleery's team was ahead of his. When within eighty rods, he met the same load of Bohemians (one of them then on foot), who yelled at him, bjat he paid no attention to them. Driving along in the dusk of the evening, Mr. Ingersoll's attention was first drawn to a hat in the road, and a little way far- ther, he saw a man lying, whom he supposed to be one of the drunken party he had just passed, who had fallen out, too drunk to move after he fell. Upon examination, however, he found the man was dead, but his face was so covered HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 409 with dust and blood that he did not recognize him. He then discovered the horses struggling in the brush, and while securing them, heard a groan a short distance away. Hastening to the spot, he found a woman lying under an upturned wagon, as above described, and unconscious. To liberate her from her perilous position, he was obliged to lift the heavy box, wagon and all, and draw her out with one hand while he lifted. Having done this, he hurried on to Phillips', about 100 rods, for assistance, as it was now quite dark. Return- ing with Mr. Phillips and his farm hands, the lady was found to be partially recovered from her swoon and able to speak. Her first words were, "Where's William?" " William who ? " queried Mr. Ingersoll ; " William McCleery," was the reply ; and this was the first intimation Mr. Ingersoll had of the identity of the man lying dead in the road. The injured lady was at once conveyed to Mr. Phillips' house, where she was tenderly cared for, and the body of her son was also carried there. Mr. Inger- soll hurried on to West Union for a physician and Coroner, and a messenger was dispatched to West Auburn to convey the sad intelligence to the wife of Mr. McCleery, who started at once ; but while on the way, her horse took fright and ran, threw her out and injured her severely and wrecked the buggy. It is said that Mr. McCleery's sister, Mrs. Jordan, wife of the proprietor of the Hilton House, at Ossian, dreamed, on that fatal night, that she had seen her brother killed j- awoke, much frightened, and told her vision to her hus- band, but he quieted her fears. But when, about daylight, the messenger knocked at the door, and before her husband could go to see who knocked, Mrs. Jordan sprang from her bed, shrieking, "-I knew it ! I knew it ! They have come to tell us ! " In February, 1871, Charles Davidson, or " Crazy Charley," living a mile or two north of Auburn, was arrested for brutally whipping, burning and abus- ing a boy about 11 years old, a son of Andrew Ostrander, who was living with him. Davidson had been away from home, and, returning at night, found that the lad, instead of remaining up to take care of his team, had gone to bed. For this, he beat him with a fire-brand and threw fire and hot ashes on him while he. was in bed. Then, because he rose late in the morning, he seized the helpless boy and threw him upon the hot stove, and, opening the stove door, tried to thrust him in, burning him severely. The poor little fellow was cov- ered with burns and bruises. Davidson gave as an excuse for his cruelty that he " burned the boy because whipping did no good." The heartless fiend was brought before Squire Crosby,- waived examination; and was held in $1,500 bail, but was shortly after surrendered by his bonds- men, and was committed in " Hencoop Corner," as Fayette's substitute for a jail was called. One of the Justices of the Peace of Fayette County resigned in the Spring of 1871, evidently disgusted with the office, or, rather, with some of its duties. The resignation is a novelty : To the Auditor and Honorable Board of Supervisors of Fayette County, Iowa : The oiEce of Justice I wish to resign — To act a day longer I hereby decline ; Let. some one that's able and thinks it will pay Go buy him some books, and spend day after day Hunting up law to make himself fit To manage mean law suits. I wish to submit My session laws, papers and things that pertain To the office of Justice in all my domain. , J. P. 410 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. March 14, 1872, the Jail caught fire around the stove-pipe, but was extin- guished without damage. ANOTHER RAILROAD AGITATION. In 1872, the project of building a narrow-guage railroad along the Turkey River Valley was again agitated. A meeting was held at Clermont March 16th, " to encourage the building of such a road by the Eastern Iowa Railway Company," when committees were appointed, as follows : Auburn Township — Hiram Hoagland, Mr. Clausen, J. L. Davis; Clermont Township — B. H. Hinkley, John Hosford, William Blackett; Dover Township — James Young, B. H. Ropes, R. T. Burnham ; Eden Township— T. G. Staples, L. P. Finch, S. Johnson ; Pleasant Valley Township — E. R. Follett, P. Douse, Jr., A. H. Loomis. Mrs. Sarah Hensley died suddenly May 31, 1872. She came to the county April 14, 1844. The first iron rail laid in Fayette County was laid on the B., C. R. &. M. R. R. on Wednesday, August 14, 1872, at 10 o'clock A. M. NEW TOWNS. Alpha is located on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 32, Town 95, Range 10 ; Philander Davis and Eunice Davis, proprietors. Plat filed for record May 22, 1871. Lutra is located on the southwest quarter of Section 14, Town 94, Range 7 ; Samuel Conner, Marilla Conner, Benjamin Dimond, Joseph Baldwin and Betsey Baldwin proprietors. Plat filed for record November 10, 1871, and recorded January 8, 1872. Dover was laid out in Town 95, Range 8 ; Barney Finnegan and Catharine Finnegan, proprietors. Filed for record July 27, 1872. Another paper town. Friday, January 26, 1872, some' railroad hands, several of whom were drunk, created a rumpus in West Union. The Constable, H. A. Stowe, attempted to arrest one of the noisiest ones — Tom Anthony— but was attacked and knocked down with a club by Anthony's friends, but the ringleader was soon arrested by Deputy Sheriff Camp and taken to the lockup. CHASED BY WOLVES. Thursday evening, August 15, 1872, Milo Biockway, aged about 11 years, son of Isaac Brockway, of Bethel, started on horseback to hunt up the cows. He crossed the Turkey River into Eden Township, and had gone but a short distance when he rode into a pack of timber wolves. He turned to flee and made the best time possible for home, which was only eighty rods away ; the wolves, to the number of forty, following in full pursuit, howling terribly until the lad rode into the river, where they did not follow. BURNING OF THE COURT HOUSE. About half-past two o'clock on Sunday morning, September 15, 1872, the Court House at West Union was discovered to be on fire. Mr. R. D. Williams and C. C. Zeigler were sleeping in the Treasurer's oflSce that night. They were awakened by a noise of something falling, in the direction of the portion of the building that had been converted into a substitute for a jail, and arose at once to see what was the trouble. There was one prisoner in the cell, James Thompson, awaiting trial for larceny, and they thought that possibly he might HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY. 411 be making an attempt to escape. Mr. Zeigler opened the door of the Record- er's office which adjoined the jail, and discovered the building was on fire. Zeigler at once commenced throwing the books out of the window, while Will- iams rang the bell to alarm the citizens. When the citizens arrived, the door of the jail room was unlocked, but the prisoner was gone and the room was on fire. Thompson had enlarged the hole through the wood lining of the room, six inches thick, through which the stove pipe entered the chimney by setting it on fire with matches, until he had enlarged it sufficiently for him to crawl through. He had then knocked a hole through the brick wall and escaped, but left the house afire. The books were taken out, but nearly all the papers in the Clerk's office and many valuable records and papers in the Treasurer's, Recorder's and Auditor's offices were burned. The woodwork in the interior of the building was all consumed in an hour and a half after the fire was discovered. A portion of the west wall fell, but the rest of the wall was left standing. The following was found written on the walls of the jail : " $5,000 bail wanted. Bail obtained at 11 o'clock." Thompson was found secreted at Calmar and arrested by Sherifi^ Borland and Deputy Camp, on Thursday night, September 19th, and lodged in jail at Elkader. Thompson alias Benson claims that he did not set the house afire purposely, that after he had burned the hole sufficiently large he tried to put out the fire and thought he had succeeded, but it had crept beyond his sight and reach. The Clerk of the Courts, Auditor and Recorder at once secured rooms for temporary offices in the brick building, over Messrs. Fox's store ; and the Treasurer found an office in the room in the rear of the bank. The safe purchased in 1860, by Judge Rogers, was found to be unharmed. The Supervisors settled with the insurance companies, receiving $5,901.56, cash in hand. REBUILDING THE COURT HOUSE, AND THE COUNTY SEAT CONTEST. The burning of the Court House opened up the question of the removal of the county seat afresh, and a proposition to build a new Court House on the site of the old one met with determined opposition. On the 11th day of April, 1873, Dr. Fuller and others presented a proposition to the Supervisors, which, on the 12th of April following, was called up and read as follows : To the Board of Svpervisors of Fayette County, Iowa: The undersigned citizens of said county would respectfully submit the following : That, in consideration of $5,000, to be paid by Fayette County, one-third in hand, one-third when the building is inclosed, and the balance when completed, agree to erect on the foundation of the late Court House, a, new Court House, of the style and dimensions of the one burned. Said new building to be completed by the 1st of November, 1873. It is agreed that the con- tractors shall have the old foundation, brick and debris of the old building free of cost, to be used in the new building. That they will cause the title to Public Square in West Union to be perfected in Fayette County, Iowa. Dated April 11, 1873. (Signed.) L. Fuller, H. B. Hoyt, C. B. Robekts, E. A. Whitney, A. H. Fox, Lewis Berkey, S. B Zeiolkb, W. A. Whitney, H. Rickel, J. E. Berkey, H. Rush, C. R. Bent, Wm. E. Fuller, L. L. Ainsworth, C. I. Neezoeb, S. E. Robinson. L. W. Watereury, p. L. Hinkley, John Owens, The following was also received and filed : We, the undersigned citizens of West Union, Iowa, hereby agree with the Board of Super- visors of Fayette County, Iowa, that, in case the Beard of Supervisors of said county shall appro- 412 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Innate the Bum of |5,000 for the building of a Court House on the Court House Square, in West Union, Iowa, and in case the Coui^t House shall be built thereon ; that in case the county seat shall be removed from West Uniorf at any time within five years from the date hereof, that we will refund to said Fayette County the $5,000 so appropriated, within three months after such removal ; provided the said county of Fayette will deed to us its rights in and to the Court House Square and the building thereon. (Signed.) A. H. Fox, H. B. Fox, W. A. Whitney, L. Fuller, ' C. R. Bent, G. H. Thomas, Lewis Bekket, H. B. Hoyt, S. B. ZlEGLBK. Also, the following remonstrance, signed by about two thousand five hun- dred names, was received and filed : To the Board of Supervisors of Fayette County, Iowa : The unders'gned, residents and tax-payers of said county, earnestly protest against any appropriation being made for the erection of a Court House, or other public building, until the question of such appropriation has been submitted to a vote of the people of the county. After some discussion, the matter was laid over until the June session. June 2, a petition signed by S. A. Bogardus and 264 others for the removal of the county seat to Fayette was presented and filed. Nathan Andress and 332 others presented a paper in which they stated that they signed the remonstrance against an election under a misrepresentation of facts, and demanded that their names should not be counted. Levi Fuller presented his objections to the submission of the county seat matter to a vote, and also to the jurisdiction of the Board of Supervisors. L. L. Ainsworth submitted a request to an extension of time to examine the Bogardus petition in behalf of remonstrators, w^hich was granted. Levi Fuller and 2,540 others presented a remonstrance. June 5, William Redfield and others presented objections to remonstrance. The Board passed a resolution granting the request of Nathan Andress and others to have their names stricken from the remonstrance. June 11, ordered that action on the proposition of L. Fuller afid others to build a Court House" be indefinitely postponed. June 12, a writ of injunction was served on the Board restraining them from further action in. the matter of the submission of the question of removal of the county seat to a vote, and from making any order for an election upon said question. July 21, 1873, the Board held a special session and entered into a contract with W. A. Whitney for county oifices in his stone block, northeast corner of Vine and Main streets, for $400 per annum. NEW TOWNS. East Waucoma, located in the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter, and northeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 9, Township 95, Range 10 ; Phebe A. Page and E. J. Page, proprietors. Filed for record Jan- uary 7, 1873. Massillon Mill Lot, located in southeast quarter of northwest quarter of Section 26, Township 95, Range 9. Surveyed February 10 and 11, 1873. Almira McCleary, proprietor. Oelwein, located in west half of southeast quarter of Section 21, Township 91, Range 9. Surveyed by J. E. Lyman December 12, 1872. Milo McGlathery, A. M. McGlathery, S. B. Zeigler, L. W. Zeigler, proprietors. Filed for record April 23, 1873. South Waucoma, in west half of the west half of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 9, Township 95, Range 10 ; Thomas J. Seeley, HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 413 Surveyor ; 0. B. Dodd and Mary J. Dodd, proprietors. Recorded' April 23^ 1873. Waucoma. located in southwest quarter of Section 9, Township 95, Range 10 ; J. P. Webster and Phebe A. Webster, proprietors. Recorded September 3,4873. This town was surveyed and platted in 1851 or 1852, but the plat was not recorded. Maynard, located on northwest quarter of southwest quarter of Section 23, southeast quarter of southeast quarter of Section 15, and southwest quarter of southwest quarter of Section 14, Township 92, Range 9 ; J. J. Berkey and Mary A. Berkey, proprietors. Plat recorded October 10, 1873. North Waucoma, M. A. Bunny and W. H. Bunny, proprietors. Plat filed October 29, 1873. Brainard, on Section 30, Township 94, Range 7. Burlington, Cedar Rap- ids & Minnesota Railroad Company, by G. G-reen, President, proprietors. No- vember 10, 1874. Randalia, located on east half of southeast quarter of Section 15, Township 93, Range 9. Surveyed by P. F. Randall in November, 1874 ; P. F. Ran- dall, J. D. Randall, Alonzo Randall, Gertrude B. Randall, Andrew J. F. Ran- dall and Addie F. Randall, proprietors. Plat filed for record December 9, 1874. THE COURT HOUSE REfeUILT. After a determined struggle for nearly two years, during whichstrenuous efforts were made to secure the submission of the removal of the county seat again to the people, petitions for the submission, remonstrances against it and repetitions were presented to the Board, until the question came before the courts and an injunction was granted to restrain the Supervisors from making any order for such an election, which was served June 12, 1873. From that time until April, 1874, nothing further was done. On the 9th of April, 1874, Mr. Snedigar presented a resolution that the Board take the matter of building Court House under their earnest considera- tion before adjourning. Carried. Mr. Brunson presented a remonstrance against any appropriation for Court House until the matter had been submitted to a vote of the people. Received and filed. April 10, Mr. Brunson offered the following, which was adopted: Sesolved, That the resolution by Mr. Snedigar be referred to this Board as a Committee of the Whole, and that said Committee meet at West Union on Thursday, May 7, 1874, for action thereon. Mr. Hoagland offered the following, which was also adoped : Be il resolved, That there be the sum of $5,000 appropriated out of the county funds for the purpose of building a Court House in West Union on the preseot location, provided the balance necessary to complete said building, according to a plan and specifications made-and presented to this Board at its April session, 1873, for the same purpose, by the citizens of West Union, shall be placed at the disposal of said Board, or their representatives, together with all the bonds and conditions connected therewith and pertaining thereto. No unforeseen obstacle having arisen detrimental thereto in the discretion of said Board. All to be acted upon and disposed of by the Committee of the Whole as per resolution of Mr. Brunson above, to meet May 7, 1874. On the first day of June, the Committee made the following report : Your Committee, to whom was referred the matter of re-building the Court House, would respectfully report that, having met at the time and place designated, viz.. West Union, Iowa, May 7, 1874, we received from citizens of West Union a plan and specifications of a Court House which they propose to build for the |5,000 appropriated at the April (1874) sessions of your Board, and have signed a contr.iot with them to that effect, which plan, specifications and con- tract are now on file in the County Auditor's office, and which are made a part of this report. 414 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. We also received certain remonstrances against re-building said Court House until the ques- tion of re-location of county seat has been submitted to a vote of the people of the county, claiming to be signed by 2,200 legal voters and tax payers of said county, which were ordered to be placed on file. All of which is respectfully submitted. Dated at West Union,' May 8, 1874. P. Snedigar, 1 q ,,, H. HOAGLAND, / On the 3d. Mr. Brunson submitted a minority report, remonstrating against the action and report of the majority, which was ordered on file. The Committee of citizens, parties to the contract made as above, on the 7th of May, consisted of Curtis R. Bent, J. S. Sampson, H. B. Hoyt, Levi Fuller and John Owens. This committee sublet the contract to Messrs. Winrott & Huyck for $6,750, and work was commenced at once and prosecuted with such vigor that the brick-work was completed on the 10th of September, and the house completed, ready for occupation. The brick-work and plastering was done by George Ogsbury, the wood-work by Winrott & Huyck and the painting by A. Pauch. January 4, 1875, the Supervisors passed the following order : Ordered, That a sketch of the Court House be taken by the agent of A. T. Andreas for the purpose of having the same engraved and inserted in said Andreas' Atlas of Iowa. FLOOD. On the evening of Tuesday, the 11th of April, 1876, occurred one of the most destructive rain and hail storms ever experienced in this region. About 8 o'clock P. M., the rain descended, "first in sheets and then in volumes," says the Gazette, " accompanied by vivid flashes of lightning and rattling thunder, the hail playing a continuous tattoo upon the shingles and windows." For two hours the thunder of heaven's artillery and the falling hail and rain continued, and at ten o'clock, the railroad track along the Otter Valley was covered with water, in some place two feet deep. Soon after the arrival of the train from the South, cries of distress were heard from the south side of the creek, at West Union, and Charles Leffler and his family, living in a small house, opposite the elevator, were discovered to be in a perilous situation. They had retired at the usual hour and awoke to find the water eighteen inches deep over the floor of their dwelling. The people of the town hurried to the rescue. W. N. Hodg- kinson was among the first to arrive at the scene. D. N. Hoyt soon followed with a pair of horses, Mr. Hodgkinson at once plunged into the foaming water and, by swimming part of the way, succeeded in reaching the house, and with the aid of the horses, rescued Mrs. Lefiler and her three children, one a babe nine weeks old. The railroad through the county suffered considerably, and trains were delayed, and bridges on the wagon roads were swept away. Crane Creek, in the northwestern part of Bethel, rose twelve feet in half an hour, fences were swept off" and" some stock drowned. At Fayette, windows were badly broken and hail stones were an irich in diameter. FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. June 9, 1877, the Township of Fayette was created by order of the Board of Supervisors as follows : Ordere-', First. That the territory outside of the corporate limits of the town of Payette to be called Westfield Township, and that within said corporate limits to be called Fayette Township'. Second. That the village of Albany be designated as the place for holding the first election for the new township of Westfield, and to be held at the lime of holding the next general election. Third. The following named persons are appointed Judges of said election ; J. J. Epps, K. Earle and John Orr. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 4:15 THE FLOOD OF 1878. On Saturday night, June 1, 1878, occurred one of the heaviest rain storms ever experienced in this county since its first settlement. For several days, rain had fallen in large quantities, until the earth was completely saturated, and, when the water began to fall in torrents about 8 o'clock in the evening of June 1, it was all drained into the streams. The Volga rose at least four feet higher than ever known before. Maynard was flooded, the water being five feet above high water mark. Every movable article was afloat ; fences were swept away, and a dwelling house near the town was swept from its foundations and carried several rods into 'Squire Pember's field. The old bridge 'at Maynard was swept away and hardly a bridge on the Upper Volga remained where the waters subsided. The iron bridge across the Volga at Lima was demolished, involving great loss to the county. The south abutment was undermined and crumbled, letting the heavy mass of iron down into the seething flood, tumbling it about like a feather, leaving it a few rods down the stream, a sad wreck of twisted, bent and broken rubbish. It was built in 1875, and cost over $4,000. Earle's mill, at Albany, was left on an island, a channel sixty feet wide, having been washed out from the inland side. Rawson's old saw-mill, an unused building on Brush Creek, three miles from Wadena, was washed away with much valuable property. Rawson's steam mill was out of the reach of the flood. A man in the vicinity awoke to dis- cover his floor under water. He sprang out instantly, and went down into the water ten feet before striking bottom. The trap door to the cellar had floated off. He came up with a snort, and got his family up stairs as soon as possible, but before this was accomplished the water was running in the windows. At Oelwein, the entire town for a time seemed to be in the midst of a raging sea. Sidewalks floated ofi" without ceremony, and even the Centennial Block, a two-story brick, was near being Tindermined, and only saved by promptly filling the cavity worn by the water with barrels of salt, stones and brush. The creamery basement, containing milk and butter to the value of $200, was filled with water, and the supposition was that all was ruined. But daylight found the milkpans and butter kegs floating as serenely as if a profusion of water was a necessary process, and the loss to the proprietor was not over $5. A stretch of railroad piling across the little creek was entirely gone, and where the piles stood, where the water was not usually knee deep to a boy, a sixteen- foot pole was not long enough to reach bottom. All the streams in this part of the county were from three to five feet higher than ever known, and bridges left intact were the exception to the rule. Near West Union, there was but little damage done, but north, near Cler- mont, the bridge was swept away and the piles washed out. No trains were run on the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railroad, from the 1st until the 10th of June, further north than Independence. At least thirty bridges were swept away in Fayette County, and the loss to the railroads and to the people was immense. The growing crops were not sufiiciently advanced to be seriously damaged, though many a field of bottom-planted corn was annihilated, and miles of fencing swept beyond recovery. WAR HISTORY. If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the Northern States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made during the dark and bloody days when red-handed rebellion raised its hideous head and threatened the life of the nation. When the war was forced upon the country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do — working the mines, making farms or culti- vating those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building shops and manufactories — in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the Free States were buoyant with hope, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans for the ensurement of comfort and competence in their declining years ; they little heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children in the Slave States ■of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times that tried men's souls" — the struggle for American Independence — they never ■dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of their fathers-^a government baptized with the best blood the world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquility, they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even traf- acked in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came with fill its attendant horrors. April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. Anderson, U. S. A., commandant, was fired on by rebels in arms. Although basest trea- son, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as the mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters whose sectional hias and hatred was crazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxicating potations. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph wires that Maj. Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from their dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, and made to real- ize that behind- that mob there was a dark, deep and well-organized purpose to destroy the government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bond- age the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter removed from the color that God, for His own purposes, had given them. But they "reckoned without their host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establish- ment of an independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 417 Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln — America's martyr President — who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath of office as the nation's Chief Executive, issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word Had scarcely been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were counted out by hundreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole government could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school house, every calling offered its best men, their hves and fortunes, in defense of the government's honor and unity. Party lines were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven; and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman: '■'■ By the G-reat Eternal, the Union must and shall he preserved !" Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every'call, either for men or money, there was a willing and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons of Fayette County made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. Of the offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between free- dom and slavery, it is the purpose now to write. April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, issued the following : PROCLAMATION. Whereas, The laws of the United States have been, and now are, violently opposed in sev- eral States by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way, I, therefore, call for the militia (if the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000, to suppress said combination and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and aid in this effort to maintain the laws, the integrity and the perpetuity of the popular government, and redress the wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, probably, will be to repossess the forts, places and property vphich have been seized from the Union. Let the utmost care be taken, consistent with the object, to avoid devastation, destruction, or interfer- ence with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from date. I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the iih day of July next, to determine upon measures for the public safety which the interest of the subject demands. Abraham Lincoln, Wm. H. Seward, President of the United States. Secretary of State. The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, however, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence — but with a firm, determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President was plain, under the Constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the people, from. whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representatives and executive ofiloers. It is impossible to render full justice to the patriotism and spirit of the peo- ple of Fayette County in the early days of America's gigantic and bloody struggle against rebellion, and the liberal contributions to maint&,in the integrity 418 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. of this glorious Union. It is a proud record, for from their midst went out gallant officers and brave soldiers to aid in the grand struggle for the mainten- ance and perpetuity of a Republican form of Government. A union of lakes, ii union of lands, A union that none can sever ; A union of hearts, a union of hands — The American Union forever. Never before in the world's history was witnessed such an uprising of the masses, such unanimity of sentiment, such willingness to sacrifice life and money on the altar of patriotism. When the first companies were being raised, measures were inaugurated and carried out to raise money by subscription for the support of the families of the volunteers. But there were so many calls for men, and the number and needs of these families whose providers had gone to defend the life of the nation, that it became an impossibility for private purses, however willing their holders, to supply all the demand, and the county authorities made frequent and liberal appropriations from the public treasury for that purpose. Private liberaUty still continued. This money was raised in the midst of the excitement of war, when the exigencies of the times demanded it, and the generous people never thought to inquire how much was given. Aside from the sums appropriated by county authority, no account was ever kept. Had there been, the sum would now seem almost fabulous. PATEIOTIC MEETING. At a meeting of the citizens of Eldorado, convened April 23, 1861, for the purpose of hoisting the flag of our nation, Mr. L. Iliff was called to the chair and Wm. C. Marr chosen Secretary. The object of the meeting having been stated, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Whekeas, The Constitution and laws of the United States, and the authority of the General Government have been set at defiance, the property of the United States seized with ahigh hand, private citizens subjected to mob violence, in certain States, without redress, and, Whereas, Certain of the States of this Union have formed a treasonable combination, and levied war against this Government, therefore. Resolved, That it is the duty of every good citizen to stand by the Government in its efforts to put down treason and rebellion, and defend the American flag, wherever it may wave, and more especially upon its own soil. R'solved, That he. who deserts his country in this hour of peril, deserves the obloquy and contempt of all good men, and the execration of posterity. Resolved, That we fully indorse the course of the present administration, it being the most mild and lenient that could have been pursued, short of yielding to the unreasonable demands of a combination of traitors. Resolved, That a Government that has stood the test of three-quarters of a century, that has been a source of innumerable blessings, and of unparalleled prosperity at home, and of respect and dignity abroad, and that has commanded the admiration of the world, is not to be broken up by a crew of disappointed politicians, goading to madness an unsuspecting people. Resolved, That we believe that there is yet sufficient patriotism in the American people to preserve this Government and the honor of its flag, and however politicians may plot, the great masses, without distinction of parly or place, will yet rise up in their might, put down tiU trea- sonable combinations, bury the perpetrators of the present nefarious attempt to destroy the Union in eternal infamy, and show to traitors everywhere, that " the Union must and shall be pre- served." Resolved, That we raise this flag as a mark of devotion to our country, and our determina- tion to stand by it through every emergency. Mr. S. D. Thompson was then called upon and delivered a short but most excellent speech, replete with patriotism and good sense ; after which the Rev. Mr. Gould addressed the meeting, and gave some excellent advice, which was well received. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 4i9 Three cheers were then given for our flag, three for Major Anderson, three for the present administration and three for the Union. FAYETTE FIRST TO MOVE. The first meeting in the county for enlisting volunteers, was held in the University Chapel, Fayette, on Wednesday evening, April 24th. Leroy Tem- pleton was Chairman. Mr. W. B. Lakin made the first speech, followed hy Prof Brush, Rev. J. Webb, L. Templeton, J. McKenzie, D. B. Henderson, G. E. Dibble, J. L. Paine and M. P. Mills. The Chairman then presented a paper, asking all who were ready to defend the laws of their country to enlist. The first to enroll his name, at the meeting and in the county, was Jacob Abernethy, followed by James H. Lakin, Aaron Brown, Jacob Swank, J. J. Earle, D. D. Finch, Leroy Templeton, J. P. Patrick, H. D. Norton, P. S. Hulburt, S. T. Betts, Frederick Whitney, Charles L. Clark, J. W. Hawn, J. A. Downing, M. W. Chapman, E. H. Kenyen and one other, making eighteen. WEST UNION. A large and enthusiastic meeting was held at the Court House April 2b'th . The meeting was called to order by L. C. Noble, on whose motion William McClintock was called to the Chair. Jacob W. Rogers was elected Secretary. L. L. Ainsworth presented a letter from the Adjutant General, authorizing and requesting him to raise a company of seventy-eight volunteers, which letter was read. Stirring speeches were made by L. L. Ainsworth, Milo McGlathery and J. W. Rogers. John Gharky spoke in favor of supporting the Government right or wrong, and the Administration when right. The Clermont Band played the " The Star Spangled Banner," which was followed by three hearty cheers. L. L. Ainsworth, L. C. Noble, William Larrabee, Leroy Templeton and James McMasters were appointed a Committee on Resolutions. Joseph Hobson, L. L. Ainsworth, William Larrabee, Aaron Brown and J. P. Webster were appointed a Central Committee, to superintend the organiza- tion of a millitary company. Here Aaron Brown passed up a roll of eighteen persons who had volunteered at Fayette. S. S. Ainsworth, J. W. Towner, Rev. Mr. Williams, Lee Templeton, Charles Chadwick and others, made ringing speeches. The Committee on Resolutions reported, but their report is lost. A committee of one from each township in the county was appointed to co-operate with the Central Committee, as follows : E. E. Edwarcfe, Auburn ; 0. T. Fox, Banks; L. Templeton, Center; E. Button, Clermont; Thomas Kincaid, Dover ; J. N. House, Eden ; M. C. Sperry, Fairfield ; H. W. Zim- merman, Fremont ; Harvey Sessons, Harlan ; R. A. Richardson, lUyria ; Thos. Berkley, Jefferson ; J. T. Babcock, Oi-an ; Benjamin Diamond, Pleasant Valley ; William J. Rowland, Putnam; E. Ober, Richland; J. C. Crosby, Scott; Lyman Mitchell, Smithfield ; William Holliday, Windsor ; Charles Chadwick, West Union ; S. D. Gray, Westfield. L. C. Noble, Mrs. Hinkley, H. B. Budlong, Mrs. H. D. Gray, WilUam Larrabee and Mrs. Edwin Stedman, were appointed a committee to raise money by subscription, for the support of the families of those who volunteei'. An enlistment roll was announced as being ready, and by Saturday night, April 27, nineteen names were enrolled. 420 HISTORY OF FAYEITE COUNTY. AT ELGIN. In pursuance of a call made by the recruiting officer in Elgin, Mr. B. Dia- mond, a large and enthusiastic meeting of the citizens of the village and surrounding country, was held at the school house in the village, on the 4th day of May, for the purpose of forming an independent volunteer company for home protection, and also to enroll the names of any who might desire to volunteer to hold themselves in readiness as minute men, to march to the seat of war. The meeting organized by appointing I. A. Taylor, Chairman, and J. J. Arbuckle, Secretary. A committee of three, consisting of E. FoUett, J. Conner and J. B. Steph- enson, was appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sentiments of the meeting. The resolutions reported by the committee embodied the sentiments of warm sympathy for, and unwaTering attachment to the Government of the United States, as our fathers made it and handed it down to us in its purity. High commendation of the policy pursued by President Lincoln and his Cabinet in the present crisis, utter denial of the constitutional right of any State to secede, the denunciation of the rebellious and treasonable acts of the South, the deprecation of the policy of neutrality contemplated by Kentucky and other border Stales, in this unparalleled crisis forced upon our nation by the high-handed rebellion and treason committed by the secessionists, and a willing- ness on the part of our citizens to sacrifice their property, their lives, and all that is dear, if necessary, in executing law and inflicting summary, punishment for those high and daring mis- demeanors. The report was unanimously adopted by the mixed multitude of Republicans and Democrats, grey headed and youth, with great enthusiasm, and a fixed determination to assist in wiping from our country's flag the stain which has defaced it, and the disgrace which has befallen it. Speeches were made by Rev. Wm. Allbright, Rev. S. Hutchinson, Rev. Jos. Forbes, P. R. Moore, S. J. Butcher, S. Conner and others, setting forth the multiplied encroachments of the South ; the long forbearance of the North, and their solemn resolve to assist with their means, and their lives if needs be, in prosecuting a war so perfectly justifiable on the part of the North, to the direst extremity. After the addresses were concluded, three cheers were proposed for the Stars and Stripes, and the voice of the multitude arose as the voice of one man with long and loud huzzas for' the glorious old banner which our sires of the Rev- olution fought, bled and died to defend, as the ensign of liberty to a free and independent people. There was a sufficient number enrolled their names to form a very respect- able company. They called themselves the Elgin Home Guards. They elected J. B. Stephenson their Captain ; T. J. Butcher, First Lieuten- ant ; J. Reed, Second Lieutenant ; Jos. Lyon, Corporal, and E. FoUett, ensign bearer. Capt. Stephenson took them out on the public square, drilled them a short time, marched through the village to martial music furnished by Messrs. Wood and Jackman, halted near the liberty pole, and with the Stars and Stripes float- ing in the breeze over their heads, gave three enthusiastic cheers for the flag of our country, three for Abraham Lincoln, and three for the old hero of Lundy's Lane. The company then marched to the school house, where they listened to a patriotic speech from their leader, and some remarks from A. F. Owen and S. Hutchinson. HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 421 After this they attended to some business pertaining to their permanent organization, raised funds sufficient by subscription and otherwise to purchase two additional snare drums and two fifes for the use of their martial band, and then adjourned to meet on Saturday of each week, at 1 o'clock, to drill. The day passed off very pleasantly and with a demonstration of devotion to our common country and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in our midst. GRAND DEMONSTRATION AT WEST UNION. On Friday, April 26, Hon. L. L. Ainsworth commenced raising a company of seventy-eight volunteers, and on Wednesday afternoon, May 1st, the company was full, and a patriotic and enthusiastic meeting was held at the Court House. From every direction people poured into town with drums beating and banners flying. Fayette and the southern part of the county turned out largely. Auburn, Eldorado, Clermont and Elgin were well represented ; and as squad after squad arrived at the public square, hearty cheers rent the air. At the meeting in the Court House, Leroy Templeton was Chairman and J. J. Berkey Secretary. Mr. Templeton announced the object of the meeting to be for the purpose of enlisting volunteers and taking final action in organiz- ing a military company in the county. Earnest and spirited speeches were made by L. L. Ainsworth, Aaron Brown, Clark Newcomb, Carmen A. Newcomb, Henry Jones, Joseph Hobsen and John Webb. Eighteen dollars was raised by contribution to pay hotel bills and purchase clothing for volunteers destitute of money and poorly clad. Mr. Ainsworth stated that an extra session of the Legislature, of which he was a member, had been called ; he felt it his duty to attend, and was obliged to hand his appointment as captain to some other person. He thought C. A. Newcomb' would be patriotic enough to accept it, and transferred it to him. Mr. Newcomb signed the enlistment roll amid the cheers of the entire audience. A committee, consisting of Dr. Hart, Clark Newcomb, P. L. Hinkley, Mrs. James Bell, Mrs. W. W. Barnard and Mrs. Morley, of Taylbrsville, was appointed to raise a fund by voluntary subscription, to assist in purchasing out- fits for the volunteers, C. A., Newcomb was elected Treasurer of this com- mittee. After the meeting adjourned, the company elected officers as follows : Cap- tain, C. A. Newcomb ; First Lieutenant, Lee Templeton ; Second Lieutenant, Aaron Brown ; Ensign, Jacob Swank. This was the first company of voluliteers organized in Fayette County. A Cavalry company was being recruited at the same time, and on the 18th of May, 1861, the members met at the Court House for the purpose of perfecting their organization. A.^ H. Fox was Chairman, and A. S. Barnes, Secretary of the meeting, but, owing to the stormy weather, the meeting adjourned until Satur- day, June 1st. A military company was Organized in Auburn in May, 1861. Hiram Hoagland was elected Captain ; J. C. Williams, Lieutenant ; A. G. M. Neff, Ensign or Second Lieutenant. Clermont and Elgin were also actively engaged in raising companies. The Cavalry company organized June 1st, by electing Milo McGlathery, Captain ; J. P. Webster, First Lieutenant ; L. C. Noble, Second Lieutenant ; Clark Newcomb, Third Lieutenant, and S. B. Zeigler, First Sergeant. But the first Fayette company had received orders to march. The patriotic ladies made a beautiful flag, which was presented to the company on the Public Square, on Wednesday afternoon, June 28. Thirty-four young ladies, dressed 422 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. in white, represented the thirty-four States. On behalf of the ladies of Fayette County, Mr. Mellie Washburn presented the flag in a brief but eloquent speech, as follows : Officers and members of Capt. Newcnmb's company of Fayette County Volunteers: In behalf of tho ladies of this county, I have the pleasure of presenting you with this flag, made by their hands, as a token of their regard and patriotism in their country's cause. We know that you are brave men and true men, and, therefore, we have no directions to give for its use. If amid the havoc of pestilence and sorrow — when the fever has burned your taper of life down to the socket, or the din and smoke and terror of battle are beginning to bewilder you, it will cheer your noble hearts to know that true women are sending out their hearts after you, with the most earnest prayers to Heaven for your welfare. Then look upon this banner, if happily its folds shall be within range of your vision, and let your hearts be cheered. For know that, for every silken thread wrought into its workmanship, there is a stronger cord of love binding you to the hearts of those whose hands have wrought it, and who now hand it to you, praying that God's blessing may be upon it, and upon you always. Capt. Newcomb replied, in substance, as follows : Ladies, for this emblem of our nation's freedom, wrought with your own hands, I return you the heartfelt thanks of this company. It is accepted not so much for its pecuniary worth as for the spirit in which it is given, the by-gone scenes it brings fresh to our memories, and the love, adoration "■id reverence we have and ever shall have for it. While all the nations of the world have paid their respects to it, on the 13th of April it was torn from its staff, trampled under foot and trailed in the dust by a lawless set of traitors in the Southern States belonging to our confederacy. We shall go forth to battle for the right, and to wipe out the stain that was thus put upon that banner. Around that flag the bravest of men, possessed of the stoutest and most patriotic hearts, have rallied ; beneath its folds the best men of our country have marched ; and every American heart has ever leaped with joy at the proud mention of its name. Long may it wave. Supposing this is the last lingering look you take at us and we take at you, we go forth to battle for the rights handed down to us, crimsoned with the best blood of the world ; the right to worship God ftccording to the dictates of our own conscience, the protection of our educational institutions, the upholding of a popular government and maintaining inviolate our personal and individual liberties. These are our country ; not our broad and fertile prairies, they are our soil ; not the people, they are the population. No cause ever demanded a greater sacrifice than that which at present exists. Suppose that the 500j000 patriotic men who are now enrolled in their country's cause are made to bite the dust, if bite the dust they must, 500,000 more stand ready to fill the places made vacant by their fall ; and suppose that those are cut down in like manner, a still greater number will fly to the rescue of our sullied flag and the restoration of peace and good order until the last man of the Northern States has been slain, but there will be left 8,000,000 of ladies in the loyal States, who can hold traitors at bay thousands of years. Captain Newcomb handed the flag over to Ensign Swank, who returned thanks to the ladies, and pledged himself never to dishonor or forsake it, and appealed to his fellow soldiers to know if they would, when a general response of " No ! No ! Never ! " arose from the rants. He said he should endeavor to imitate Sergeant Jasper, of Revolutionary notoriety. Miss Abbie White, the adopted daughter, was present and was introduced to those of the volunteers who had recently joined the company. These exercises were interspersed with vocal and instrumental music, the choir sung the " Star Spangled Banner," the "Red, White and Blue" and " The Union Forever ;" and the brass band played " Hail Columbia " and other national airs. The scene was truly affecting, and many a tear trinkled down cheeks that had seldom been bedewed; stout hearts throbbed and emotiong arose that it was impossible for the most unfeeling and hardened to put down oi conceal. Fathers, mothers, sisters and brothers came in from all parts of the , country to bid adieu to friends and relations, among whom were only sons and only brothers. Early on Thursday morning, June 29, the company paraded on the squan to attend religious services, conducted by Revs. Williams and Eicker. Farmers living in the vicinity flocked in with their wagons, in which thi company was soon on its way to McGregor, the brass band and a large numbe: EDEN TOWNSHIP HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 425 of citizens accompanying the boys in carriages, buggies and other conveyances. Ninety-one names were on the list when the company left West Union, and it became Company F, Third Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Infantry. BOUNTY. In 1862, it became necessary for the county authorities to adopt active measures to fill up the quota of the county. A special meeting of the Board of Supervisors was called, as follows : Fayette Codnty, Iowa, July 30, 1862. Sir : — In view of the urgent necessity of enrolling men to fill up the quota of men called for ty the President of the United States, under the recent demand made upon the Exeoutiye of this State, and to prevent its citizens from entering the regiments of the adjoining States, the under- signed would respectfully ask that in conformity to the requirements of law, you will issue a call for a special meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Fayette County, at an early day, to adopt such measures as will best promote the speedy enrollment of the quota required from this county. To Joseph HobsoD, Esq., Clerk of the Board of Supervisors : [Signed,] William Morkas, J. B. Kincibuby, J. B. Stephenson, Samdel Crawford, C. D. Shambugh, E. Demott, William F. Lackey, Thomas Douglas. S. 0. Crosby, E. J. Stowe. Accordingly, the notice was served on the same day of its receipt, and a meeting of the Board was held on the 18th day of August, 1862, when the fol- lowing preamble and resolutions were adopted : Whereas, President Lincoln has issued two calls, each for 300,000 men, to enlist in our armies and put down the rebellion now existing in the Southern States ; and Whereas, The patriots of this county have responded nobly to said call and filled up the quota of this county, without drafting being resorted to, and Whereas, It is the wish of the "people of Fayette County that this Board shall give a bounty to each volunteer, and likewise that the volunteers enlisting have been assur-id that a bounty would be given. Therefore, be it Resolved, By this Board, that we do hereby appropriate out of the County Treasury, the sum of sixty dollars to each volunteer that has enlisted in Fayette County under the late calls, and to those who shall enlist on or before the 23d instant, when said volunteer has been mustered into the United States service, and certificate of such mustering has been returned to the Clerk of this Board of the same by a proper officer. Seiolved, further, That we do hereby authorize and order the Clerk to draw warrants on the County Treasury, in sums of not less than ten dollars, payable to said volunteer or his legally authorized representative, when the said Clerk is satisfied that the said volunteer is mustered into the United States service. William Morbas, J. B. Stephenson, C. D. Shambadgh. A committee, consisting of Joseph Hobson and Milo McGlathery were appointed to " confer with Governor Kirkwood and get him to release the citi- zens of this county from liability under the regulations for drafting, as soon as the county has furnished its quota of volunteers, under the call of the President, and if drafting is necessary, that it be done in those townships that have not furnished their quota of volunteers." September 1, 1862, it was Resolved,' That those volunteers who have enlisted since the 23d day of August, 1862, should receive the same bounty as those who enlisted prior to that day, and also those volunteering to fill up old regiments, and that the Clerk be and he is hereby authorized to draw warrants in fevor of all volunteers who shall be accepted from Fayette County under the two last calls for 300,000 men each. On Friday, the 15th of August, 1862, J. J. Welsh marched into West Union with ninety stalwart recruits, and between that date and the 25th, four companies were organized in the county. One under Charles Chadwick, Cap- 426 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. tain ; SKW. Day, First, and C. H. Millar, Second Lieutenant. One under J, W. Rogers, Captain, Henry Shoemaker and David Campbell, Lieutenants. One under J. J. Welsh, Captain, J. J. Berkey and John Herriman, Lieutenants,, and the fourth under Eliphalet Follett, Captain, and Elisha Hosmer and Lewis Armstrong, Lieutenants. Capt. Chadwick's company left on Tuesday, Septem- ber 2. No flag had been provided for the company, and Mrs. Brewer, on that day, collected, by voluntary subscription, money enough to buy a flag, and accompanied by Mrs. Walbridge went to Fayette, and bought one, and returned. She then enlisted Mrs. Johnson and the Sheriff, and started for McGregor, where she overtook the company and presented the flag on Wednesday morning. On Wednesday evening, September 3, a flag was presented to Capt. Sogers and his company, by the citizens of Auburn-. Mr. Morris B. Earll made the presentation speech, to which Capt. Rogers responded very happily. Remarks were also made by Mr. Spencer, Dr Ball, Rev. Mr. Williams and Rev. Mr. Ricker. October 22, 1862, the committee appointed to investigate the number of soldiers entitled to the $60 bounty, made the following report : To the Board of Supervisors : Your commiltee appointed to investigate the number entitled to the bounty of $60, offered to those enlisting under the two last calls of the President of the United States, would report that, as near as can be ascertained, the quota of the 600,000 men called for from this county are fully made up, and none are entitled to said bounty but those enlisting under said call. The- number of volunteers who have enlisted in new regiments, and whose names have been returned as having been duly sworn and mustered into the United States service, is 354. The number that have enlisted to iill up old regiments has not been returned, but will not, probably, increase the number above 380. At ?60 each, this would amount to $22,800, for the payment of which Fayette County is liable. To meet such liability, your committee would recommend that there be a special fund created, to be denominated' the 'i Bounty Fund," and to supply said fund, there be assessed four mills on the taxable property of said county for the year 1862;. and would, therefore, recommend the adoption of the following resolution: Be it resolved and ordered ly the Board of Supervisors of Fayette County, Iowa, That, for creating a fund to pay bounty warrants, there be and is hereby levied on all taxable property of said county the sum of four mills on the dollar. An amendment making the tax five, instead of four mills, was made, and the report adopted. FROM THE FRONT. The following resolutions were adopted by the ofiicers of the Thirty-eighth Regiment Iowa Volunteers, at New Madrid, Mo., in the Spring of 1863 : Resolved, That the war in which we are engaged was forced upon the United States without cause or provocation, by men who, for a long time prior to actual war, had been plotting the destruction of our government by armed resistance to its rightful authority; who, as declared; by Stephen A. Douglas in May, 1861, were engaged in an " enormous conspiracy formed mor& than a year since — formed by leaders of the Southern Confederacy more than twelve months ago," whose "scheme was carnage and civil war in the North." and who " hoped in the North- ern States party questions would bring war between Democrats and Republicans, when the South would step in with her cohorts, aid one party to conquer the other, and then make easy prey of the victors." Resolved, That we endorse the further declaration of Mr. Douglas that "Every man must be for the United States ox against it. There can be no neutrals in this war — only patriots and traitors." Resolved, That traitors are our enemies and patriots our friends, whatever may have been their past party associations or whatever may be their present habitations. Resolved, That the issue of this contest must be decided by military victories, not by polit- ical or peace conventions ; that every armed enemy must be subdued by the power of the Govern- ment, not placated by concessions ; that we are opposed to an armistice, because it would weaken our cause, strengthen the enemy and prolong the war ; that peace obtained by any other means than the laying down of arms by citizens of the Southern Confederacy, and their unconditional submission to the laws of the United States, would be a delusive, treacherous peace, and but an interlude betv%en perpetually recurring wars, more atrocious and embittered at each renewal. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 427 Resolved, That we will give to the United States Government our best efforts to prosecute the war until every armed foe shall be subdued, and our earnest support to all measures necessary to re- establish its authority over every foot of its former jurisdiction in the most speedy and thorough manner. Resolved, That we detest the cowardly, treacherous demagogues of the North who are striv- ing by appeals to party prejudice and other passions, to create disaffection and demoralization in the army; to discourage enlistments and encourage desertions ; to injure the credit of the Gov- ernment ; and to array a portion of the citizens in opposition to the efforts of the Government to prosecute the war, tpon the success of which depend our national life and our individual secur- ity ; and we warn thpm that if they persist in their scheme of opposition to Government and bring civil war to our hearthstones, while we are battling against a malignant foe whose defeat is equally necesssury to the security of their property, homes, wives, children and friends as our own, that the day which marks our return will be to them a day of terrible retribution — that we shall hold them answerable for all wrongs inflicted upon, and sufferings endured by, our families by rea.=on of such revolutionary action, and mark as enemies all instigators, aiders and abettors thereof. Resolved, That our motto is long life to the United States Government and its loyal defend- ers, and a speedy death to the rebellion and its supporters. D. H. Houghs, Col. Thirty-eighth Iowa Inf., I. 0. Hodndtt, Lieut. Col. Thirty-eighth lowalnf., Chas. Chadwiok, Major " " " H. W. Hart, Surgeon ■' '• ■' Robert McNoTT, Ass't Surgeon " " E. A. Doncan, Asst Surgeon " " " John Chaplain, Chaplain " " J. J. Berkey, First Lieut. Company A, John Hinman, Second Lieut. Company A, 0. F. Avert, Second Lieut. Company B, H. F. Beebe, Captain Company B, A. Leverich, First Lieut. " H. A. PiNKHAM, Captain Company C, H. C. Baldwin, First Lieut. Company C, John A. Green, Second Lieut. " E. Kirkuh, Captain Company D, G. R. Humphrey, Second Lieut. Company D, 0. M. Barrett, Lieut. Company D, H. E. Cleqhorn, Captain Company E, A. C. Fenen, First Lieut. Company D, Theo. R. Crandell, Second Lieut. Company E, Jacob W. Bogebs, Captain Company F, H. M. Shoemaker, First Lieut. Company F, David P. Campbell, Second Lieut. Company F, Chas. H. Millar, Captain Company G, Ed. Elwill, First Lieut. Company G, v. M. Bdrton, Second Lieut. '■ C. Follett, Captain Company H, E. Habmer, First Lieut. Company H, Levi Armstrong, Second Lieut. Company H, Wm. H. Powell, First Lieut. Company I, W. H. Patterson, Company I, Charley Alken, Captain Company K, Geo. H. Stevens, First Lieut. Company K, P. R. Sanford, Second Lieut. Company K. It would require a larger volume than this to recount all that was done, at home and in the field, by the patriotic citizens of Fayette during the civil war. As long as the war continued, money was ready — men were ready. Men of wealth furnished the former, and the less affluent filled the ranks — furnished the brawn, the muscle, the bravery, the sinews of war. Oftentimes, the former furnished not only their share of money, but shouldered their muskets and fol- lowed the starry flag as well. Having noticed the financial sacrifices and the readiness of the wealthier part of the people to contribute liberally and continuously of their means, we come now to the volunteer soldiery. And of these, what can we say ? What vivid words can the pen employ that will do justice to their heroic valor, to their unequaJed and unparalleled bravery and endurance ? Home and home comforts, wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, were all given up for life and danger on the fields of battle — ^for exposure, fatigue, disease and death, at the point of the bayonet or at the cannon's mouth. But little they recked for all these, but bravely and boldly went ou^, with their lives in their hands, to meet and conquer the foes of the Union, maintain its supremacy and vindicate its honor and integrity. No more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor can be offered than a complete and full record, so far as it is possible to make it, em- bracing the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles in which they were engaged, and all the minutse of their military lives. It will be a wreath of glory encircling every brow — a precious memento which each and every one of them earned, gloriously earned, in defense of their and our common country. WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY, TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. ABBRETIATIOSrS. Adjt , Adjutant Art Artillery Bat Battle or Battalion Col Goionel Gapt .-. Captain Corpl C!orporal Comsy, Commissary com commiasioned cav cavalry captd captured desrtd deserted disab disabled disd discharged e '. enlisted excd exchaoged inf. infantry inv invalid I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry Wd killed I'ient Lieutenant Maj :. .....Major m. mustered out prmtd promoted prisr prisoner Regt RegimBUt re-e re-enlisted res resigned Sergt Sergeant trans transferred '^et... veteran V. R. C Veteran Beaerve Corps ■wd...... wounded hon. disd honorably discharged THIRD INFANTRY. The Third Kegiment was raised, drilled and sent to the, front about August 1, 1861. Its first engagement was at Blue Mills, Mo., September 18, 1861. Fought gallantly at Shiloh two days, the second day under command of Lieut. Gusley, the regimental officers being off duty or wounded. At Metamora, October 5, 1862, the regiment suffered heavily. On its way to join Gen. Grant, before Vicksburg, the Third was attacked by guerrillas, and had fourteen men wounded. Participated In the operations at Vicksburg. July 12, 1863, it went into battle at John- son, Miss., with 241 men, and lost 114 killed, wounded and missing. Participated in the Meridian expedition, arriving there February 3, 1864, and next day tore up fifteen miles of railroad. Near Atlanta, did good service, July 28. Greatly redaced in numbers, the survivors re enlisted, forming three companies, and consolidated with the Second Infantry. Company F was organized in Fayette County, and was received into the State service May 20, 1861. Left West Union May 29, numbering ninety-four men, and arrived at Keokuk June 6. "Was in Gamp Kirkwood at Keokuk until the 29th, when it embarked with the regiment for Hannibal, Mo., arriving the same evening; and during the remainder of 1861 and in 1862 did duty in Missouri, Tennessee and Mississippi, participating in four engage- ments, two seigesand seven skirmishes, namely: Battle of Blue Mills, where the company lost one killed and seven- teen wounded ; battle Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, where it lust four killed, ten wounded and one taken prisoner ; battle of Metamora, Tenn., Oct. 5, 1862, where it had one man mortally and six severely wounded ; and the battle of Jackson, Miss., where it lost eight wounded and three missing; the seige of Corinth, Miss., during the month of May, 1862, and the seige of Vicksburg, Miss., during the months of May, June and July, 1863, where it lost one man ; skirmish at Hagerwoods, Mo., July 9, 1863 ; at Monroe, Mo., July 10 and 11, 1861 ; Shelbina, Mo., Sept. 9,1861; near La Grange, Tenn., July 15, 1862; at Mos- cow, Tenn., February, 1862, where it lost one man (taken prisoner) ; en route for Vicksburg on steamer Crescent City, near Greenville, Miss., May 18, 1863, when it had one man mortally wounded and two others severely. The company marched in all 5,300 miles, the longest day's march being from Lagrange to Somerville, Tenn., and back, thirty-four miles. It accompanied the famoQB march of Gen, Grant through Central Mississippi, and lost one man (taken prisoner) in Van Corn's raid on Holly Springs, Dec. 30, 1862. The company, after taking the field, had fifteen recruits, making a total of one hundred and fifteen men, rank and file. It should be added that in Col. Scott's report of the battle of Blue Mills Landing, Mo., on the 17th of Sep- tember, 1861, especial mention is made of Sergt. James H. Lakin of Company F, " who bore the colors and car- ried them through the fight with all the coolness of a veteran." In this battle Col. Scott'shorse was hit several times, and several balls went through his clothes. Bight bullets went through the flag in the hands of Sergt, Lakin, and another struck the stafT. Note. — The turn-veterans of this Regiment were muBtered out at the expiration of their term of service in June and Jul^, 186U. The veterans and recruits were consolidated into Third Veterwn Infantry^ which was conaobdated with Second Veteran Infantry, See Second Veteran Consolidtit«d Infar^ry (Si and Sd.) Col. Aaron Brown, com. 2d lieut. Co. F, May 2, 1861, wd. Blue Mills, Sept. 17, 1861, prmtd. capt. April 8, 1862, com. maj. Oct. 15, 1862, prmtd. col. Nov. 27, 1862, wd. at Jackson, Miss. July 12, 1863, resd. July 13, 1864. Com. Sergt. P. S. Hurlburt, e. as corp. May 21, 1861, prmtd.com. sergt. F. M^. John Ecker, e. May 20, 1861, trans, to Co. K, 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Company A. B. G. Staples, e. May 18, 1861, disd. Nov. 22, 1861, disab. Company C. Musician Geo. W. Ecker, e. May 22, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Company F. Capt. Carman A. Newcomb, com. May. 2. 1861. read. April 8,1862. J. . . WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 429 Capt. Jacob Swank, e. an private May 20, 1«61, wd. at Blue Mills Sept. IT, IS61, and at Sliiioh April 6, 1862, prmtd. lat Bergt., then Ist lieut. April 9, 1862, prmtd, capt. Sept. 1, 1862, m. o. June 18, 1864. First Lieut. Leroy Templeton, com. May 2, 1861, resd. April 8, 1862. First Lieut. Jamee H. Lakin, e. as sergt. May 20, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. April 9, 1862, prmtd. Ist lieut. Sept: 1, 1862, m. 0. June 17, 1864. Sacond Lieut. Jacob Abernethy, e. as lat sergt. May 20, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Sept. 1, 1862, wd. and captd. July, 1863, prmtd. lieut. col. 3d Vet. Inf. First Sergt. S. D. Thompson, e. May 20, 1861. Sergt. David P. Campbell, e. May 20, 1861, diad. 1862, disah. Sergt. Darius F. Crane, e. May 20. 1861. Sergt. James P. Patrick, e. May 20, 1861, wd. May 18, '63, tiauB. Nov. 29, 1863, for promotion to 2d lieut let Begt. Tenn. Heavy Artillery. Sergt. Stephen E. Bobinson, t,. May 20, 1861, disd. April 30, 1862. Sergt. George S. Botaford, e. May 20, 1861, wd. July 12, 1863, at Jackaon, Miaa., trans, to 2d Inf. conaolidated. Corp. James A. Downiog, e. May 20, 1861. Corp. CoUina H. Foster, e. May 20, 1861. Corp. Jos. Hawn, e. May 20, 1861. Corp. Irem A. Sawyer, e. May 20, 1861. Corp. Wm.F. Crawford, e. May 20, 1861, trans, to gunboat service, Feb. 7, 1862. Corp. A. Loogacre, e. May 20, 1861. Corp. Samuel J. Fenton, e. May 20, 1861, kid. at battle of SbUoh April 6, 1862. Corp. Dan'l McGall, e. May 20, 1861, disd. Feb. 19, 1862, disab. qorp. B. W. G. Follet, e. May 20, 1861, wd. July 12, 1863, ^ at Jackson, Miaa., died of wda. Corp. Leonidaa Davia, e. May 20, 1861, wd. Sept. 17, 1861, at Blue Milla, and died. April 1, 1862, disab. Corp. B. H. Kenyon, e. May 20, 1861, wd. July 12, 1863, at Jackaon, Miaa. Corp. Geo. Botsford, e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Jackaon. Qprp. laaiah Woods, e. May 20, 1861. Corp. Allen Mulinix, Jr., prmtd. corp. Dec. 7, 1862. Mfer A. M. B. Ecker, e. May 20, 1861, diad. May 17, 1863, 'disab. Wagoner John W. Hawn, e. May 20, 1861, wd. Sept. 17, 1861, at Blue Mills, captd. at Moscow. Antwine, Jos., e. May 20, 1861. Arabjd, M. V. B., e. May 20, 1861, disd. for disab. Arnold, James, e. May 20, 1861, diad. for diaab. Oct. 23, 1861. Babcock, W. 6., e. May 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 5, 1862, diaab. ?etta, Samuel T., e. May 20, 1861, disd. July 16, '62, disab. Brooks, John, e. May 20, 1861, disd. Feb. 19, 1862. Bro|B,David M., e. May 20, 1861, kid. April 6, 1862, at JSlttle of Sbiloh. Croweil, Jas. M., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to gunboat service Feb. 15,1862. Cha|gSili,M. W., e. May 20, 1861. disd. Feb. 10, 1863. Crow, C, e. May 20, 1861, died Feb. 26, '62, at Mexico, Mo. Cox, Wm, M., e. May 20, 1861, wd. April6,1862,at8hiloh. Cruzan, John A., e. May 20, 1861. Connor, James, e. May 20, 1861, wd. and captd. July 12, 1863, at Jackson. Miss. Davia, James E., e. May 20, 1861, disd. Feb. 16, 1862, disab. Davis, W., e. May 20, 1861, wd. April 6, 1862, at Shiloh, disd. Dec. 17, 1862, diaab. Delano, John S., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. conaolidated. Downs, F. S., e. May 20, 1861, wd. April 6, 1862, at Shiloh, and July 12, 1863, at Jackson. nwiB,A. D., e. May lO, 1861, wd. at Melamora Oct. 5, 1862, diad. Feb. 18, 1863. Barle, Jos. J., e. May 20, 1861, wd. April 6, 1862. Finch, Duane, e. May 20, 1801, triins. to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf conaolidated. Garrison, F. M., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf consolidated. German, Hiram, e. May 20, 1861. Grant, Chas., e. May 20, 1861. Grant, F. M., e. May 20, 1861, wd. June 16, 1863, at Vicka- burg. Hartaough, Wm. D., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet, Inf. consolidated. Hendrickson, A. J,, e. May 20, 1861, wd. April 6, 1862, at Shiloh. Holliday, Thomas, e. May 20, 1861, diad. Feb. 19, 1862, disab. lahman, David, e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue Mills, Sept. 17, 1861, disd. July 3, 1862. disab. Jolnaon,H. B., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to Madison's Art. Aug. 24, 1861. Johnson, Jos. N., o. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue Mills Sept 17. 1861. Jones, Henry, e. May 20, 1861, wd. April 6, 1862, at Shiloh died, for disab. July 30, 1862. Lyon, Chas., e. May 20, 1861, wd. at Blue Mills Sept. 17 1861, disd. Feb. 16, 1862, diaab. McCIellan, Eobt., e. May 20, 1861, died June 3, 1862, at Louisville, Ky. Marsh, Wm., e. May 20, 1861, kid, April 6, 1862, at battle of Shiloh. Milla, B., e. May 20, 1861, Mc(;umber, E., e. May 20, 1861, wd, April 6, '62, at Shiloh, Noble, Charles, e. May 20, 1861, disd, Nov. 23, 1861, disab, Norton, H, D„ e. May 20, 1861, kid, at battle of Blue Milla Sept, 17, 1861, Orr, Wm,, e. May 20, 1861, wd, on steamer near laland- No. 82, May 18, 1863, Payne, Minor, e. May 20, 1861, disd, Dec. 11, '61, diaab, Perkins, Geo, H,, e. May 20, 1861, missing at Jackson, Miss,, July 12, 1863. Pendelton, Thos, H,, e. May 20, 1861, wd, Oct, 6,1862, died Oct. 10, 1862, at Metamora. Bogers, Newell 0., e. May 20, 1861, died Jan. 2, 186'.!, at St. Louis. Romey, A., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to gunboat Feb, 15, '62. Smith, M,, e. May 20, 1863, diad, for diaab, Aug, 12, 1862, Staples, Stephen, e. May 20, 1861, disd, Feb, 19, '62, diaab. Staples, Bobt., e. May 20, 1861, trana, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf, conaolidated. Sawyer, James L,, e. May 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Savage, Marcus, e. May 20, 1861, died at Corinth, Mias., June 26, 1862. Stirk, Cornelius, e. May 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet, Inf, conaolidated, Sanders, Thos,, e. May 20, 1861, wd, at Blue Milla Sept, 16, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. ccnsolidated. Smier, 0. G., e. May 20, 1861, died Sept. 11, 1862, at Mem- phis, Tenn. Townsend, George, e. May 20, 1861, died Oct. 21, 1861, at Quincy, 111. Williams, M., e. May 20, 1861, died Jan. 13, 1862, at Wellaville, Mo. Willard, Alonzo, e. May 20, 1861, disd. Oct. 23, 1861, diaab. Whitely, F. M., e. May 20, 1861, trans, to gunboat Feb. 16, 1862. Washburn, Chas. E., e. May 20, 1861, disd. Feb. 19, 1862, diaab. Winchell, Chas., e. May 20, 1861, wd. Sept. 17, 1861, at Blue Mills, died. Sept. 4, 1862, disab. Wells, I. A., e. May 20, 1861. disd. Oct. 23, 1861, disab. Andreas, B. B., e. Dec. 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Boawell, Wm. H., e. April 8, 1862, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Bunton, Geo., e. March 29, 1862, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Collina, M. J., e. Dec. 20,1861. Crow, A., e. Dec. 20, 1861, disd. Feb, 19, 1862, diaab. Conrad, Frank, e. March 25, 1862, wd. Oct. 6, 1862, at Hat- chie River, disd. Jan. 4, 1863. Dooley, John D., e. Sept. 2.5, 1861. Foster, David P., e. Dec. 20, 1861. Gritath, Levi L., e. Sept, 26, 1861, died Juno 19, 1863, near Vickaburg, of wda, received June 3, in seige. Gurdy, S, G,, e, Dec, 20, 1861, trans to 2d and 3d Vet, Inf, conaolidated, Iliff, Jaa, N,, e, Dec, 20, 1861, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet, Inf, conaolidated, Johnaon, John G,, e, Dec, 20, 1861, trana, to 2d and 3d Vet, Inf, consolidated, Millar, Geo. H., e. July 27, 1861, died June 10, 1863, at Memphis, of wds. re' eived at Greenville, Mias. Parrott, Jos. D., e. April 8, 1862, wd. July 12, 1862, at Jackson, Misa., trana. to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consoli- dated. Watrous, A. C , e. April 6, 1862, trans, to 2d and 3d Vet. Inf. consolidated. Bent, Nathan, e. Sept. 16, 1862. Dewey, Franklin, e. Sept. 16, 1862. Fish, John, e Sept. 10, 1862, died Feb. 14, 1863, at Mos- cow, Tenn. THIRD VETERAN INFANTRY. Lieut. Col. Jacob Abernethy, com. July 8, 1864, killed in action (while capt.), near Atlanta, Ga., July 21, '64. 430 WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. SECOND CONSOLIDATED VET- EKAN INFANTEY (2d and 3d.) [KOTE. — This Begimenl was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865.] Lieut. Col. Geo. S. Botsford, e. as sergt. maj. Ck>. B, 3d. Inf., promtd. capt. Co. B, 3d Vet. Inf., trans, capt. Co. F, this regt., July 8, 1864, com. lieut. col. Nov. 8, 1864, not must., com. revoked. Company F. Second Lient. Duane D. Finch, e. private Co. F, 3d Inf., May 20, 1861, promtd. seret. June 6, 1861, com. 2d lieut. Jan. 21, 1865, from sergt. Corp. "Wm. D. Hartaough, from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 1, 1864, diad. July 3, 1865. Musician Jas. D. Pan-ott, from Co, F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 1, 1864. AndresB, K R., from Co.F,3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 4, '64. Boswell, Wm. H., from Co. F, 3d Inf. BuHton, Geo., from Co. F, 3d Inf. Delano, Jno. S., from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 4, '64. Ecker, Geo. W., from Co. C, 3d Inf., veteranized Dec. 17, '63. Ecker, Erastus, e. Feb. 29, 1864. Garrison, F. M., from Co. F, 3d Inf., vet. Jan. 4, 1864. Gurdy, S. G., from Co F., 3d Inf. liiff, Jaa. N., from Co. F, 3d Inf. Johnson, J.G., from Co. F,3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 4, '64. Sawyer, Jas. D., from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan 4, '64. SaddeiB, Thoa., from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 4, '64. Staples, R. H., from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Dec. 17, '63. Stirk, Cornelius, from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 4, '64. Watrous, C. A., from Co. F, 3d Inf., veteranized Jan. 4, '64. Company I. Thompson, Andrew, e, Feb. 6, 1864. Company K. Second Lieut. Jno. Ecker, e. fife maj. 3d. Inf., prmtd. prin. musican, com. 2d lieut. of thia regt., Jan. 4, '65. NINTH INFANTRY. In July, 1861, the day after the battle of Bull Run, Hon. William Vandever tendered to the Secretary of War a regiment of volunteers, to be recruited in his district. His offer was accepted, and he at once resigned, returned to Iowa and went energetically to work. The firat com- pany went into rendezvous at Dubuque, early in August, and the regiment was raised and mustered into service September 24, 1861. Company F, Capt. J. W. Towner, was recruited in Fayette County. Immediately after "being mustered in, the regiment was ordered to St. Louis, where it went into camp of instruction at Benton Bar- racks. In October it was assigned to railroad guard duty. JanTtf,ry 22, 1862, the Ninth joined the Army of the South- west at RoUa, under Brig. Gen. Samuel, R. Curtis, and was made a portion of the Second Brigade, which was placed under the command of Col. Vandever. The army marched in pursuit of the rebel Gen. Price, and February 15, entered Springfield ; but Price was gone, and Curtis pursued. At a skirmish at Sugar Creek, near the line between Missouri and Arkansas, the Ninth wasfirst under fire and behaved like veteramj, charging and driving a force three times their number. March 4, Col. Vandever, with a portion of his brigade, went to Huntsville, fifteen miles, and while here received dispatches from Gen. Curtis that Price had been heavily reinforced, that forty thousand rebela, under Van Dorn, were advancing north- ward, and ordering him to rejoin the army at Pea Ridge, at once. To avoid the rebel army, Col. Vandever marched forty-one miles on the 6th, fording White river and sev- eral other streams on the way, arriving at headquarters at 6 P. M., and participated in the two days' battle of Pea Ridge. The brigades uoramaDded by Col. Vandtjver and Col. Dodge stood the brunt of the battle. They were handled with remarkable skill and coolness, and fought with a valor never surpassed in the war history of the world. "The Fourth and Ninth Iowa," says Gen. Curtis, " won imperishable honors." In his report of the battle. Col. Vandever makes especial mention of Lieut. Col. Her- ron, Maj. Coyle, Adj. William Scott, Oapta. Drips fwho wfts killed). Turner, Bull, Carpenter, Bevins (killed), Washburn, Moore and Cankadden, and Lieuts. Kelsey, Riley, Jones, Neff, Tindale, Rice (killed), Baker, Beebe, Leverich, Crane, McGee, McKenzie, Fellows, Claflin and Inman, and Sergt/ Maj, Foster, of the Ninth. The regi" ment went into camp at Helena, Ark,, about the middle of July, and remained five month's. December 28 and 29, the regiment was under fire in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou. The year 1864 was brilliantly commenced by the Ninth by the campaign of Arkansas Post. After destroy- ing the works there, theregimentencamped near Young's Point, La., for many weary weeks. The regiment par- ticipated in the seige of Vicksburg; was a part of Sher- man's army in pursuit of Joe Johnston ; was in the battle above the clouds at Lookout Mountain. On the 1st of May, 1865, the regiment entered upon the Atlanta cam- paign, and for four months participated in all the labors, battles and skirmishes of the famous march through the Carolinas, and was a portion of the Iowa Brigade which captured Columbia. The gallant Ninth always fought with bravery when there was any fighting to do. [Note. — Thia Regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ey., July 18, 1865.] Lieut. Col. AIduzo Aberoethy, e. as aergt. in Co. F, Sept. 5. 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, prmtd. 2d lieut. March 11, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb. 6, 1863, prmtd. capt, July 24, 1864, prmtd. maj. Jan. 1, 1865, prmtd. lieut. col. June 19, 1865. Chaplain Alanaon Barbour, e. as corp., prmtd. chaplain April 16, 1862, rea. Feb. 27, 1863. Company C. Hobert, C. A.,e. Aug. 13, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, March 7. 1862, re-e. Feb, 15, 1864. Piatt, Enoch, e. Aug. 13, '61, wd. at Kenesaw Mt. July 2, '64, Company D. Tate, Daniel H., Feb. 26, 1864. Company E. Sergt, Ohas. Herriman, e. Nov, 4, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge March Y, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan, 1, 1864. Corp Jas. M. Bavnhouse, e. Sept. 26, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, kid. May 27, 1864, at Dallas, Ga., ia action. Barnes, H. M., died at Young's Pt., La., March 7, 1862. Brooks, John. Cline, Wm., e. Sept., 1861, died July 14, 1862, at Big Creek, Ark. Desurt, Wesley. Dorland, Jas., re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. May 15, 1864, at Besaca, kid. March 6, 1865, at Cheraw, N, C, by explosion of ammunition. Doty, Thos. Ewing, Jos. Ford, Geo. W., wd. May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, trans, to invalid corps Feb. 15, 1864. Fuller, E. Towsler, C- H., died Nov. 18, 1863, at Memphis. McCaffery, John, e. Sept, 4, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge March 7, 1862, disd. Oct. 22, 1862, disab. Dorland, Geo., e. Nov. 24, 1861, KUer, Dani., died Nov. 22, 1861, at Pacific, Mo. Barnhouse, H. M., Sept. 27, 1861, trans, to Co. F, Oct. 1, '61. Carpenter, Geo. E., e. Nov. 19, 1861', re-e,aa vet. Jan.l, '64. Corbin, Levi M., e, Dec. 2, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, kid, July 22, 1864, at Atlanta. Dorland, Clement, e. Dec. 2, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, '64. Dorland, Geo., e. Nov. 24, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. to wagoner. Gragg, Thos. J,, e. Nov. 20, 1861, wd, March 7, 1862, at Pea Ridge, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Howard, John L., e. Nov. 24, '61, re-e. as vet. Feb. 28, '64, Hurd, Wm. H., e. 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 22, 1864. Cline, Wm., e. Feb. 27, 1864. Herriman, S. K., e. Feb. 22, 1864. McLavey, Wm. E., e. Feb. 22, 1864. Musley, Ohas., e, Feb. 22, 1864, died July 27, 1864, at Marietta, Ga. Company F. Capt. James W, Towner, com. Sept. 14, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, resd, Jan. 30, 1863. Capt. Edgar Tisdal, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 14, 1861, prmtd, 1st lieut. March 11, 1862, prmtd. capt. Jan. 31, 1863, resd. July 23, 1863. Capt. James W. Gwin, e. as sergt. Sept. 6, 1861, wd, at Pea Ridge, prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan, 1, 1865, prmtd. capt. March 31, 1865. First Lieut. Abner G. M. Neff, com. Sept. 12, 1861, wd.at Pea Eidge, Ark., March 7th, and died of wds. March 12, 1862. WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 431 S'irst Lieut. John Hawthorae, e. as sergt. Sept. 5, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Peb. 6, 1363, com. let Ueut. July 24, 1863, com. declined, m. o. Dec. 31, 1864, term expired. First Lieut. "Wm. B. Parker, e. as sergt. Aug. 26, 1861, wd. at Pea Bidge, prmtd. 2d lieut. July 24, 1863, prmtd. Ist lieut. July 24, 1863, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864 term expired. First Lieut. Miles Holton, e. as Corp., prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 3, 186S, prmtd. 1st lieut. Marcb 31, 1866, by commission. Sergt. Daniel W. Tyrrell, e. Sept. 24,1861. Sergt. Marshall House, wd. at Pea Bidge, re-e. ha ret. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. June 6, 1865, wda. Corp. S. M. Hancock, died April 4, 1863, at Helena, Ark. Corp. Wu. B. Sherman, e. Sept. 5, 1861, disd. May 20, 1862, dieab. Corp. John C. Myers, disd. Nov. 6, 1862, disab. Oorp. Geo. G. CJook, e. Sept. 8, 1861, re-e. as.vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died July 20,- 1864, near Decatur, Ga. •Corp. A. 0. Smith, wd. March 7, 1862, at Pea Bidge, re-e. as vet Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. sergt. Corp: A. C. Ounsalus, e. Sept. 8, 1861. . Corp. Peter W. Oakly, wd. March 7, 1862, at Pea Bidge, disd. Aug. 23, 1862, wds. Corp. Jafi. B. Curtis, e. Sept. 3, 1861, re-e. as-vet. Jan. 1, 1864; captd. May 27, 1864, at Dallas, Ga. Oorp. John A. Lumsden, e. July 10,''1862, re-e. as vet. Feb. 28, 186 . Corp. John Bradley, e. Oct. 3, 1861, wd. March 7, 1862, at . FeaB dge, died March 22, 1862, at Springfield, Mo., of wds Musician - John C. Eaton, «. Sept. 5, 1861, disd. March 11, 1862, disab. Wagoner L. W. Watrous, o. Aug. 28, 1861, disd. June 8, 1862, disab. Andrus, H. J., e. Aug. 27, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. corp; Avery, John T., e. Sept. 4, 1861, wd. March 7, 1862, at Pea Bidge, at Yicksburg, June 5, 1863, and at At- lan ta Aug. 18, 1864, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. March 23, 1865, wds. Andni s, Wm., e. Sept. 9, 1861, kid. in battle at Pea Bidge ■ March 7, 1862. Barnhoose, John, e. Aug. 27, 1861, disd. May 13, 1862, Brown, Volney N., «. Aug. 27, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Brown, J. H., e. Sept. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Barlow, Edwin, e. Aug. 27, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, '84. Brewer, Wm. W., e. Sept. 8, 1861, wd. March 7, 1862, at -Pea Bidge. Benedict, David L., e. Aug. 27, 1861, died Feb. 23, 1863, at Toung's Point, La. Benedict, M, B., e. Sept. 19, 1861, wd. March 7, 1862, at Pea Bidge. Broadbent, Geo., e. Sept. 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, '64. drain, W. J , e. Aug. 27, 1861, re-e. asvet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. June 27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, disd. Feb. 29,1865, wds. Carmichael, Wm. H., e. Sept. 6, 1861, kid. in battle of Pea Bidge, March 7, 1862. Coon, Isaac H., e. Aug. 28, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Downs, David H., e. Aug. 27, 1861, died Dec. 24, 1861, at Paeiflc, Mo. Dildine, Jame8,.e. Aug. 27, 1861. Bggan, N. S., e. Aug. 4, 1861, died May 14, 1863, at Milli- ken's Bend. Finch, Laben. e. Aug. 27, 1861, died Feb. 27, 1862, at Cross Hollow, Ark. Franklin, James L., e. Aug. 27, 1861, died Nov. 3, 1861, St Pacific, Mo. Finffey, Wm. H., e. Aug. 27, 1861, kid. in action May 22, 1863,atVicksbnrg. attle of Shi- loh April 6, 1862, wd. March 19, 1863, at Vicksburg. Beck, Samuel C, e. Sept. 15, 1861, captd. at battle of Shi- loh April 6, 1862. Blanchard, S. S., e. Sept. 15, 1861, disd. Oct. 4, 1862, disab. Ballinger, John W., e. Sept. 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, disd. Dec 8, 1862. Brown, A., e. Sepi. 19, 1861, disd. June 19, 1862, disab. Brown, J. T., e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. Aug. 25, 1862. disab. Bysong, John W., e. Oct. 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863. Baker, Jossph D., e. Oct. 7, 1861, -prmtd. to Corp., re-e. as- vet. Dec. 25, 1863. Brown, George, e. Oct. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec, 25, 1863. Burrows, George A., e. Oct 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25,. 1863, wd. at Nashville Dec. 16, 1864. Bowers, William H., e. Oct. 7, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, disd. May 6, 1862, disab. WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 433 jhiton, A. H., e. Oct. 7, 1861, died. Jau. 3, 1864. Baker, Miles, e. Oct. 7, 1861, trans, to Invalid Corps Not. 20, 1S63. Beadbl, Henry, e. Oct. 7, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 186i, died at Macon, 6a., Aug. 10, 1862. Comstock, Brwito, e. Sept 15, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, '63, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, captd. at Jackson, Miss., July 11, 1863. Gtisae, Thomas H., e. Sept. 19, 1861, died March 28, 1862, atSt. Lonie. dark, Henry, e. Sept. 22, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, disd. Dec. 8, 1862. Gcniner, Felix, e. Sept. 22, 1861, died April 7, 1862, at St. Louis. Conner, Saml., e. Sept. 22, 1861, disd. April 1, 1862 disab. Conner, Daniel, e. Sept 22, 1861, died Jan. U, 1862, at St. Louis. OaM, Silas B., e. Sept. 22, 1861, re-e. Dec. 25, 1863. Croeeman, Silas, e. Sept. 19, 1861, re-e. Dec. 26, 1863. Clawson, Elijah, e. Sept. 19, 1861, died Jan. 10, 1862, at St. Louis. Curtis, H. C, e. Sept. 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. Cailnichael, J. H., e. Oct. 13, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, '63. Davis, A. J., e. Sept. 15, 1861, died. Aug. 16, 1862, disab. Delezene, John A., e. Oct. 11, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, wd. Dec. 15, 1864, at Nashville. Voibes, David, e. Sept. 20, 1861, disd. July 31, 1862, disab. Forbes, William, e. Sept. 20, 1861, died Jan. 2, 1862, at St. - Louis. CtnmnjB, George W., e. Sept. 21, 1861, captd. at Shiloh Apr. 6, 1862. George, Henry, e. Oct. 7, 1861, vrd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, died May 2, 1862, at Mound City Hospital, 111. Gifford, Simeon, e. Oct. 7, 1861, captd. April 6, 1862, at Shi- loh, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863. Hbod, A. F., e. Sept. 22^ '61, died Jan. 31, '62, at St. Louis. Htdet, John, e. Oct. 2, 1861, disd. May 19, 1862, disab. Hamlin, Wm., e. Oct. 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. House, Natban, e. Oct. 6, 1861, died April 6, 1862, at Pitts- burg, Tenn. Hill, John W., e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. July 23, 1862. Hendersbot, Thos., e. Oct. 14^ 1861, disd., date unknown. Jordan, Wm. H., e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Jordan, Isadore, e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, wd. at Nashville Dec. 15, 1864. Jo^nes, Luther, e. Oct 2, 1861, disd. April 4, 1862. Jones, Heni7, e. Oct 6, '61, died Jan. 17, *62, at St. Louis. Kelley, Artemus, e. Oct 6, 1861, wd. at Corinth Oct 4, '62, re4. as vet. Deo. 25, 1863 Ketchitm,- Amos B., <-. Sept 22, 1861, captd. at Shiloh Apr. i,.J,1862, re-e. as vet Dec 25, 1863. Kent, William, e. Sept. 22, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, died. Feb. 4, 1863, disab. Kent, John E.,e. Sept. 15, 1861,ci4>td. at Shiloh April 6,1862. King, William, e. Oct 6, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, re-e. as vet Dec 25, 1863. Lewis, Leroy, e. Sept 16, 1861, died Jan. 3, 1862, at St. L. Laiwiii Charles, e. Sept 22, 1861, kid. at battle ot Shiloh April 6, 1862. Lyons, Wm. A., e. Sept 22, 1861, re-e. as vet Dec. 26, '63. Litae,.James, e. Sep.. 22, 1861, disd. Feb. 9, 1863, dieab. Eon, Lawrence, e. Sept 22 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, re-e. as Vet. Dec 26, 1863. Moine, F. W., e Sept 15, 1861, wd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, re«. as v6t Dec 25, 1863. Munger,.A. P.S^t 15. 1861, wd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, disd.Oct. 16,1862, wd. Mattocks, J. L., e. Sept. 22, 1861, re-e. as vet Dec. 25, '63. McCall, DMitel E., e. Oct 6, 1861, re-e. as vet Dec 26, '63. Pendleton, Chas., e. Oct. 11, 1861, kid. in battle of Shiloh April 6, 1862. Qnivey, Wm., e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. Jan. 3, 1864. (Juivey, John, e. Sept 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, died at Macon, Ga., Oct 3, 1862. Jeed, David W., e. Sept. 15, '61, wd. at Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. Sufflell, Granville, c. Oct 7, 1861, died Feb. 17, 1862, at St. Louis. Rogers, K. F,, e. Oct 6, 1861, disd. Oct. 14, 1862. Spears, N. H., e. Sept.-23, 1861, wd. at Corinth Oct 4, '62, re-e. as vet Dec. 25, 1863. Smer, W. E., e. Sept 22, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, , 1862, died Oct 10, 1862, at Macon, Ga. Smith, Jacob B., e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6,, 3,862, disd Oct 14, 1862, disab. Smith, Norton T., e. Sept 22, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April , . 6, 1862, kid. in battle of Vicksbiirg May 19, 1863. Smith, Henry, e. Oct 14, 1861, died May 3, 1863, at Milli- ^ ken's Bend. Sigman, Charles, e. Sept 22, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, died Oct.' 27, 1862, at Annapolis, Md. Stone, Samuel, e. Oct 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, '62 died Oct 30, 1862, at Annapolis, Md. "" Stone, Daniel, e. Oct. 6, 1861, wd. at Corinth Oct. 3, 1862. Sykes, Orvis, e. Oct 14, 1861. latro, Augustus, e. Sept 22, 1861, disd. Deo. 6, 1862, disab. Utter, Albert, e. Oct. 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, '62, re-e. as vet. Dec. 26, 1863. i^erdin, Isaiah, e. Sept 19, 1861, re-e. as vet Dec. 25, '62. iVoods, P. K., e. Sept 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, '62. Williams, Bodolphus, e. Sept 19, 1861, captd. at Sbilob April 6, 1862, re-e. as vet. Dec. 26, 1863. Wallace, Charles, e. Sept. 22, 1861, died July 9, 1863, on hospital boat. Warner, Walter B., e. Sept 22, 1861, wd. Feb. 15, 1862, at Fort Donelson, disd. June 21, 1862. Wait, Van Buren, e. Oct 9, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Comstock, Frank, e. Feb. 22, 1864. Latimer, Robert J., e. Feb. 29, 1864. Latimer, George H., e. Feb. 29, 1864. McCall, John W., e. Feb. 29, 1864, wd. July 14, 1864, at Tupelo, Miss. Mattocks, Boss, e. March 28, 1864. Strong, John P., e. Feb. 29, 1864. Spouls, John, e. Itlarch 30, 1864. Company E. Capt. Jeremiah F. Hntchins, e. as Corp. 0!o. C, Oct 6, 1861. captnred at Shiloh April 6, 1862, prmtd to sergt. then capt. of this Co. June 28, 1865, m. o. as 1st sergt, Co. C. Company F. Sergt. B. C. BIdridge, e. Sept 19, 1861, captd. at Shilob. April 6, 1862, disd. Jan. 12, 1863, disab. Hasbrouck, D. H., e. Sept 19, 1861,wd at Corinth Oct 12,. 1862, disd. March 12, 1863, wd. McGowan, Thomas, e. Sept 27, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, re-e. as vet Dec 25, 1863. Mann, Wm., e. Nov. 20, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863. Potter, Jas. W., Sept 19, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, '62. Sparks, Thos. H., e. Nov. 7, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6,. 1862, disd. Jan. 14, 1863, disab. Weeden, Bobt L., e. Sept 21, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Company C. Second Lieut Ole C. Thorson, e. as sergt Oct: 3. 1861,. prmtd. 2d lieut April 2, 1863, m. o. Dec. 1, 1864. Wheeler, Horace, e. Sept. 30, 1861. Company K. Hayes, Jas. e. Nov. 24, 1861, disd. April 18, 1862. Tomlinson, Thos., e. Nov. 25, 1861, died. March 6, 1862. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. The Eighteenth was mustered into the service August 5, 6 and 7, 1862, with 875 officers and men, and was almostr immediatelj ordered into Missouri, to join Gen. Schofield^s command. During the following Winter, it was stationed at Spring- field, and bore a conspicuous part in the battle at that place, Jan. 7 and 8, 1863. Co. H was in this battle, in which the town was defended by a battalion of Missouri militia and the Eighteenth against an army 4,000 strong.. The regiment remained here for a^long time, varied by a chase of the rebel 6en. Shelby into Arkansas, thence to Fort Smith. In the Spring of 1864, the regiment was attached to- 6en. Steel's command, and marched to Camden. April 13th, was in an engagement near Moscow, thirty miles fi-om Camden. April 17th, received seven succesBive and impetuous- charges from superior numbers, and returned to Camden with a loss of seventy-seven men ; returned to Fort Smith ^ and, until it was mustered out, nothing particularly note - worthy occurred. NoTK. — Thia Regiment wtu nuutered otU at Little Bock, Ark. JuUf m, 1865. Company H. Capt, Gideon P. Stafford, com. 1st lieut. Aug. 6, 1862,. prmtd. capt. Jan. 9, 1863, died June 5, 1863. Capt. Wm. 0. Rowland, e. as sergt. July 7, 1862, wd. at Springfield, Mo., Jan. 8, 186.3, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 7,. 1863, prmtd. capt. Jan. 30, 1865. 434 WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Second Lieut. Cornelius Phillipa, e. as corp. July 5, 1862, cnm. 2d lieut. July 31, 1865, m. o. aa Ist sergt. Sergt. BuSBsU Malcom, e. July 7, 1862, diad. Dec. 29, 1862, disab. Corp. Chas. A. Lyon, o. July 5, 1862, wd. Jan. 8, 1863, at Springfield, Mo. Oorp. S. r. Norcroaa, e. July 6, 1862. •Corp. Wm. Washburn, e. July 6, 1862. -Corp. Lyman W. Currier, e. July 5, 1862. Musician W. W. Smith, e. July 7, 1862. Abbott, Squire, e July 7, 1862, died Not. 16, 1862, at Springiield, Mo. •Cline, Daiid W., e. July 21. 1862, died Oct. 26, 1862, at Springfield, Mo. Davia, Wm., e. July 21, 1862, died at Springfield Mo., Not. 28, 1862. Eaton, H. E., e. July 21, 1862. Baton, AmoB V., e. July 21, 1862. Faltineon, Christian, e. July 21, 1862, died Sept. 12, 1862, at Jefferaon City, Mo. Fitch, Martin, e. July 21, 1862, disd. Teb. 3, 1863, disab. 'Gifibrd, Eliaa, e. July 21, 1862, disi!. Jan. 30, 1863, disab. Gaylord, Jaa., July 18, 1862, diad. Deo. SO, 1862, disab. HalTenstat, A. J., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Sept. 4, 1862, disab. Jackson, Kobt. D., e. July 26, 1S62, wd. and captd. at Poison Spring, Ark., April 18, 1864, died April 26, 1864, wd. Johnaon, J. G., e. July 18, 1862, died Feb. 8, 1868, at Springfield, Mo. Kennedy, H. B., e. July 7, 1862, died Nov. 14, 1862, at Ozark, Mo. Lynon, A. P., e. July 7, 1862, diad. Jan. 29, 1863, disab. Morse, C. S., e. July 16, 1862, disd. Dec. 29, 1862, disab. Miller, D. T., e. July 7, 1862, wd. Jan. 8, 1863, at Spring- field, Mo. Noble, 0. T., e. July 7, 1862. Owens, Chas., e. July 7, 1862, wd. Jan. 8, 1863, at Spring- field, Mo. Parmerter, E., e. July 10, 1862, wd. and captd. April 18, 1864, at Poison Spring, Aik. Pierce, W. N., e. July 17, 1862, diad. Jan. 28, 1863, diaab. QuiTey, D. T., e. July 16, 1862, died Nov. 9, 1862, at Fayet- Tille, Ark. Stafibrd, L. D., e. July 7, 1862, diad. Feb. 14, 1863, disab. Stafl'ord, Harvey, e. July 7, 1862, died Oct. 31, 1862, at Sedalia, Mo. Tifiany, Otia, e. July 7, 1862. Van Dorn, Henry, e. July 7, 1862, captd. April 18, 1864, at PofiOD Spring, Ark., died while priar. of war Nov. 7, 1864, at Hempstead, Ark. White, Amoa, e. April 7, 1862. Williams, John, e. July 7, 1862, wd. April 18, 1864, at Poiaon Spring, Ark., in action. Wing, Clark S., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 26, 1864, at Fort Smith, Ark., disab. TWENTY-FIEST INFANTRY. This regiment was recruited and organized in 1862. It -went into service under Col. Samuel Merrill (since Gov- ernor), Lieut. Col. C. Dunlap and Maj. &. G. Van Anda, of Delaware. Its first engagement was at Harteville, Mo., January 11, 1863. Soon after, the regiment was trans- ferred to Gen. Grant's command, and drew the first fire of the enemy at Port Gibson, May 1, 1863, and had six- teen men wounded in the engagement. The regiment was again engaged at Black Biver Bridge, May 17, where Col. Merrill was wounded. The oregiment suffered severely in this charge, losing eighty- three men in three minutes ; but captured a large num- 'ber of the enemy. On the 22d of May, the regiment made a brilliant ■charge on Fort Beauregard, in the rear of Vicksburg, and captured it, but was driven out in turn. In this engage- ment Lieut. Col. Dunlap was shot in the forehead .and instantly killed. After the capture of Vicksburg, the regimeiit was ordered to New Orleans ; thence to Texas, where it passed the Winter. In the Spring of 1864, it was ordered to White Biver; and during the remainder of that year, was stationed successively at .St. Charles, Duvall's Bluff, mouth of White Biver, Mem- phis, Wolf Biver, and New Orleans. March 5, 1865, the regiment loft for Dnuphin Island, a,nd passing up Mobile Bay, landed on the Peninsula of Alabama, and was attached to the Division of the Gulf, •commanded by Gen. Canby. On March 26, about 8 o'clock A. M., four companies were thrown out as skirmishers, who kept up a continu- ous fire upon the retreating enemy, often aided by the •other companies of the regiment, for ten miles, when the .rebels made a bold stand; and at 9 o'clock P. M. the ad- vance of the regiment drew the fire of the enemy from their earthworks, having driven a large army since 8 that morning. The enemy being driven into their works, preparations for a seige commenced. The regiment took active part in the seige until the 30th, when it was withdrawn to escort a supply train to Gen. Steele. April 2d, the regi- ment was ordered to Fort Blakely. During the opera- tions against Fort Blakely, the men entered the rifle pita at dark on the evening of the 7th, and were under the most terrific fire of shells for two hour. After fighting in this position for thirty-six hours, without rest or food, they were ordered to the support of Gen. Smith in a con- templated assault upon Spanish Fort, seven miles away. The fort, the strongest on the Bay, surrendered, however, before the regiment could reach it. ^ Soon after the fall of Mobile, the Twenty-first was seat up the Bed Biver for the purpose of paroling rebel pris- oners. Having performed this duty, it was ordered to Baton Bouge, where it was mustered out July 15, 1865. This regiment was miutered out at Baton Rouge Xm. Jviti 15 1865. Company B. First Lieut. Henry H., Howard, comd. 2d. lieut. Aug. 18^ 1862, prmtd. to 1st lieut. Feb, 24, 1863, mortally wd. (while 2d lieut.) at Black Biver Bridge, Miss., May 17, and died May 18, 1863. Corp. B. H. Talcott, e. Aug, 11, 1862. Musician Abel Griffin, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died Aug. 26, 1863, at New Orleans. Aldrich, Frank, Aug. 9, .1862. Hicks, Jaa. W., e. July 25, 1862. McNary, T. C, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Sept. 16, 1862, at Houston, Mo. McNary, C. B., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disd, March 7, 1863, disab. Parker, Thos. L., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. 26, 1863, " Strawberry Point. Parker, Edwin E., e. Aug. 1, 1862. Potter, Henry, e. Aug. 7, 1862. Warner, Wm S., e. Aug 12, 1862. Wood, Wm. O., e. Aug. 11, 1862. Company O. Brownell, Geo. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862. Hanchett. Henry, e. Aug. 14, 1S62. Bowley, Jehiel, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Sept. 8, 1863, diaab. Aldrich, N., e. Jan. 18, 1864. THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. [Note. — This Regiment was mustered out at Davenport^ date not given..] Company D. Underwood, E. W., e. Nov. 28, 1862, trans, to Oo. H. Company I. Lewis, J. B., e. Sept. 17, 1862, disd. Dec. 11, 1863, diaab. Company K. First Lieut. Thoa G. Daniels, com. Dec. 16, 1862, died at Alton, 111., October 4, 1868. Bishop, Bufua A., e. Sept. 4. 1862, disd. May 5, 1863. Grossman, Wm. B., e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. April 11, 1863, diaab. Finch, Jaa., e. Sept. 16, 1862, disd. Jan. 27. 1865, diaab. HobbB, Jaa. W., o. Sepi. 21, 1862, diad, Oct. 1, 1864. Hatfield, J. G., e. Sept, 13, 1862, diad. March 2, 1863, diaab. Henderahot, J., e. Oct. 16, 1862, diad. Dec. S, 1864, iiaab. Harold, Wm. H., e. Sept. 16, 1862. Johnaon, Samuel, e. Sept. 3, 1862. Lewia, Jos. B., e. Sept. 17, 1862. McGuire, P., e. Sept. 16, 1862, diad. March 17, 1865, cJiaab, Mason, I. A., e. Oct. 20, 1862, disd. April 11, 1863, diaab. Poorman, Jacob, e. Sept. 20, 1862, died Jan. 29, 1864 at Alton, 111. Smith, E. D., e. Oct. 21, 1862, diad. Jan. 26, 1863, disab. Staples, A. B., o. Oct. 13, 1862, diad. April 12. 1865, diaab. Sherman, A., e. Sept. 4, 1862, diad. Dec. 20, 1863, disab. Wilson, Jas., e. Sept. 3, 1862, disd. May 9, 1863, disab. Wilcox, M., 6. Sept. 23, 1862, died Sept 27, 1865, Alton, III. Washburn, James, e. Sept. 1, 1862. THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. The four companies from Fayette County were recruited mosrly in August. 1862, and Company Fall recruited from the 11th to the 25th of August. The Thirty-eighth left New Madrid June 7, 1863, strong, -healthy men. They WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 435 had spent the Winter there, with light camp duty and almost no toughening work, had lived on good and varied food, and, though in good fleah and health, were soft in fiber. They went into the siege of Vickaburg in the heat of Summer, on the extreme left of the investing line, with a high cliff on the east and a timbered bayou on the west (a few rods distant); the picket line on ground muddy and malarious, where water had I hat Spring, and recently, been twelve feet above the ground ; drinking warm, milky-looking water, eating strictly army rations, doing heavy picket and fatigue work, day and night, in constructing batteries, ride pits, etc. ; those off duty often called into line several times in one night to repel an apprehended sortie from the rebel fort ; the heat from the bluff, after noon, reflecting oppressively "upon the camp ; the bluff and near timber uniting near the tents in a point, rendering it almost impossible for the camp to be leaned by a breeze, with the stinging bite of the *' jigger " insect driving sleep from the weary and failing Boldier; all this was more than human muscle or human nerve and pluck could bear. When the surrender came, on the 4th of July, relaxing the tension that had held many a feeble man to his duty, the ravages of disease swept through and prostrated the regiment. The death rate that followed proved the severity of the test the regiment ha^ passed. > The wasted regiment moved from Port Hudson the middle of August, and went into convalescent camp at Garrollton, La., on the 16th. " October 23, embarked for ' - Bmzos Santiago, as a portion of Sanks' Texas expedition ; aitived at Brownsville November 9, and remained on gar- riBoii duty until July 25, 1864, and July 31, re-embarked for New Orleans, then to Fort Morgan, and went into aainp on Uobite Point August 9. December 12, 1864, Maj. Gen. Canby issued an order for the consolidation of the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-fourth into the Thirty-fourth lo^a Volunteers, aud the Thirty-eighth ceased to exist. The hidtory of the Thirty-eighth is the most mournful of all the Iowa regimenta. Before it had been in service . ^0 years, more than three hundred enlisted men and a number of ofiicere had died of disease ; more than a hun- dred more had been discharged on account of ill health. For many weeks it hadn't wellmen enough to take care of the sick aud bury the dead. If it did not have the oppor- t^ity to win glory on the battlefield, it did all that men 'could do — gave itself entirely up for its country, and may '. w^il he called Iowa's Martyr Begiment. [KoT£. — ThU Regiment wob consolidate i with the Thirty- /owih Infantry, Dec. SI, 186U which retained tlte designation of Hie Thirlg^ourth. Those not transferred were mustered oiU at Hint of consolidation. Maj. Chas, Chadwick, com. Nov. 4, 1862, res. Jan. 4, 1864. Surg. H. W. Hart, com. asst. surg, 9th inf. Sept. 10, 1861, prmtd. surg. this reg. Sept. 10, 1862. Asst. Surg. S. B. Bobinson, com. Nov. 11, 1864, from civil life, declined. Qnart. Mast. Mason B, Lyon, com. Sept. 15, 1862, res.'April 14, 1863. Chaplain Jno. Webb, com. Sept. 16, 1862, res. July 23, '63. Hoa. Serg, A. P. White, com. Aug. 10, 1862, disd. May 22, 1864, disab. D. Maj. H. T. Hulbert, com. Aug. 15, 1862. F. Maj. A. Bichards, com. Aug. 11, 1862. Company A. Oapt. Jaa. J. Welsh, com. Nov. 4, 1862, res. July 17, 1863. Capt, Jameson J. Berkey, com. lat lieut. Nov. 4, 1862, ' prmtd. capt. July 18, 1863. First Lieut. Ezra Crosby, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 13, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. July 18, 1863, trans, to Co. F, 34th & 39th con. Second Lieut. Jno. Herriman, com. Nov. 4, 1862, res. Aug. 6, 1863. Sergt. David P. Eoyce, e. Aug. 15, 1862. Sergt. S. D. Staples, e Aug. 15, '62, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Sergt. H. L. Templeton, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Oct. 16, '63, in Fayette County. Sergt George W. Cook, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Corp. Brown Stewart, o. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Corp, B. W. Ellsherry, e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Corp. N. J. Lewis, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Sept. 11, 1863, at Garrollton, Iowa. Corp. John H. Pitts, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34tb inf, Corp. J. F. Nefzger, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Corp. Wm. L, Nims, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Sept. 6, 1863, at Memphia, Tenn. Corp. James Burrell, v. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F. 34th inf. Corp. John Owens, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Dec. 20, 1863, at Point Isabel, 'Texas. Musician A. M. Courrier, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Wagoner F. Wright, e. Aug. 15, disd. Sept. 11, 1863, disab. Bailey, Wm. T., e. Aug. 1862, trans, to Co. F. 34th inf. Baruum, J. C, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Barkholder, B. F., e. Aug 9, 1862, died Dec. 12, 1863, at New Orleans. Butler, Wm. H. H., e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. Sept. 11, 1863, disab. Burk, John, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Butler, Jesse, e. Aug. 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Benedict, Wm, H., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps April 10, 1864. Butler, Henry, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Barber, Lawrence E., e, Aug, 16, 1862, disd, July 15, 1863, disab, Bartie, Thos,, e, Aug, 16, 1862, trans, to Co, F, 34th inf. Oulins, Amos, e, Aug, 9, 1862, trans, to Co, K. Cook, John B., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Sept. 14, 1863. at Keokuk. Crosby, G. P., e. Aug. 16, 1852, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Corbin, Daniel, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Oline, Jacob, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Cook, John G., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Clow, W. B., a. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf Clow, Wm., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Aug. 15, 1863, at New Orleans. Campbell, A. C, o. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 7, 1863, at Yicksburg. Clammer, Wm., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Crow, Abraham, o. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co, F, 34th inf. Delezene. L., e. Aug, 14, 1862, disd. March 20, 1863, diiab. Detrick, C. A., e. Aug 14, 1862, disd. April 21, 1863, disab. Davis, Josiah, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th Inf. Davis, Benj,, e, Aug, 16, 1862, trans, to Co, F, 34th inf. Davis, Jas. B„ e. March 28,'63, died Aug. 18, 1863, at New Orleans. Forbes, D. C, e. Aug, 16. 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Fitch, E. E., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Gifford, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Dec. 6, 1862, disab. Holcomb, B. M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. I, 34th inf. Horrigan, Wm. e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Howe, Wm. H., e. Aug. 14, 1863. trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Hitch, John, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34tn inf. Hitch, Lorenzo, e. Aug.16,1862, disd. March 30, 1863, disab. Hart, Dennis, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Hageman, J, N,, e, Aug, 16, '62, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf, Bendricksou, S, U,, e, Aug- 15, '62, disd, Aug, 18, 64, disab. Hawkins, J, A., e. Aug. If , 1862, died Sept. 6, 1863, at New Orleans. House, Peter, e. Aug, 13, 1862, trans, to Co, F, 34th inf, Jennings, J, A,, e, Aug, 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Jennings. J. M., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Johnson, W. S.. e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F. 34th inf. Jarret, J. B., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 12, 1863, at Vicka- burg. Kinsey, W., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. I;incioum, J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Livermore, Wilson, e. Aug. 16, 1862. Moore, H. F., e. A. 14, 1862, disd. Aug, 5, 1863, disab, McKay, T, P„ e, Aug, 12, 1862, died July 26, 1863, Yicks- burg. Maroney, J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf Moorehouse, J. B.. e. Aug. 15, 1862, dred Aug. 16, 1863, at Garrollton, Iowa. Nicoll, Alex., e. Alex. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Nike, Wm., e. Aug 12, 1862, died Sept. 3, 1863. Memphis, dinger, J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Sept 19, 1863, Memphis. Pitts, M. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 11, 1863, disab. Perkins, C. H., e. Aug. 15, 1861. Bice, W. W.. e. Oct. 25, 1862, di^d Aug. 16, 1863, at Port Hudson. La. Bhanklin, C. M., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died July 27, 1863, at Yicksburg. Sheiry, H. B , e. Aug, 14, 1862, died Aug. 13, 1863, at Yicksburg. Seamons, W. H., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug, 22, 1863, at Jefferson Barracks. Shanklin, M., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. July 16, 1863, disab. Slaughter, W., e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. March 30, '63, disab. Starr, B., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Smith, John, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans. Aug. 16, 1863, to Inv. Corps. Tottle, Lloyd, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Yawser, John, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. 436 WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. WallB, T, A., e. Aug, 12. 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34-th inf. Wayman, T. 0.,e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Walters, M., e. Aug. 15, 1862. Walck, A. J., e. Aug. 15. 1862, died. Feh. 4, 1863, disab. Woods, N., e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. F, 34th inf. Company F. Capt. Jacob W. Bogera, com. Nov. 4, 1862. First Lieut. Henry M. Shoemaker, com. Noy. 4, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Second Lieut. David Campbell, com. Nov. 4, 1862, res Aug. 8, 1863. Second Lieut. Jacob H. Walrath, e. us sergt. Au6. 13, 1862, com. 2d lieut. Aug. 9, 1863, disd. as let sergt. to ac- cept promotion in Corps Du Afrique. First Sergt. S. M. Philips, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. 18, 1863, at St. Louis, Mo. Sergt. Jno. J. Broadbent, e. Aug. 15, 1862. Sergt. Chas. A. Wilcox, Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 1, 1863, diaab. Sei^t. J. B. Chappell, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Aug. It, 1863, at Port Hudson, La. Corp. Jacob Bush, Jr., e. Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Corp. B. S. Liuderman, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died Aug. 2, 1863 at Yicksburg. Corp. C. G. Spears, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34 Inf. Corp. D. Sutherland, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died July 28, 1863, at Yicksburg. Corp. Wm. F. Perkins, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Nov. 18, 1863, at Memphis. Corp. Benj. Cooper, e. Aug. 19, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Corp. Leander Welsh, e. Aug. 22, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf Corp. Jesse J. Roberts, e. Aug. 19, 1862, trans, to Go. K, 34th Inf. - Musician Hubbell Pepper, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Musician Saml. Clark, o. Aug. 17,1862, died Nov. 12, 1862, at Dubuque. Wagoner D. B. Welsh, e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf Abbott, Wm. S., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Feb. 25, '63, disab. Booth, A. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Sept. 11, 1863, at St. Loui.^. Burget, Geo., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Barber, A. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Aug. 2, 1863, at Yicksburg. Cordray, Lewis M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Aug. 29, 1863, at CarroUton, Iowa. Cook, Jno., Jr., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Cavin, Wm. E., e. Nov. 28, 1863, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Collins, C. H., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Chappell, Alfred, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died July 9, 1863, on steamer "City of Memphis." ^ Campbell, T. C, e. Aug. 11, '62, died Jan. 26, '64, at Cairo. Clements, H., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Dayhuir, Peter, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. June 5, 1863, disab. Doolittle, E. D., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Nov. 16, 1863, at St. Louis. Deppe, C, e. Aug. 14, '62, died Nov. 21, '62, at Windsor. Foster, Orin, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Sept. 11, 1863, at New Orlfans. Fuson, Jos. B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Sept. 4, 1863, at Keokuk. Hennings, Thos., e. Aug. 12, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. House, Jeremiah, e. Aug. 14, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. House, Alex., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf Higby, Milo L., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Ives, Aeahel, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Jones, J. N., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. July 1, 1864, diaab. Kidder, R. H., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died July 21, 1863, on steamer Anglo Saxon. Kirkpatrick, J. N., e. Aug. 14, '62, trans to Co. K, 34th Inf. Keasey, 0. A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Kelsey, R. D., e. Aug. 17, 1862, disd. Oct. 23, 1863, disab. Leonhart, Martin, e. Aug. 14, '62, trans, to Co. K,34th Inf. Luce, E. W, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Jan. 27, 1864, in Brownsville, Tex. Linn, Jno. R , e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 3, 1863, on steamer "City of Memphis." Lee, L. M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died. Oct. ?0, 1863, disab. Mathews, John, e. Aug. 26, '62, traos. to Co. K, 34th Inf. Mansfield, F. N,, 6. Aug. 12, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf Miller, Jos. K., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died. Jan 31, 1864, disab. McNutt, Geo. E., e. Feb. 26, 1864, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Miller, Ja-.ob, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th, Inf. McQuilkin, B. W., e. Feb. 26, '64, trans, to Co. K, 3tth Inf. Murray, Geo. M., e. Aug. 19, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Nichols, Jos., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Parker, Saml., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Parkhurst, W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, .trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Parker, Miles, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 18, 1864, disab. Peterman, Jacob, e. Aug. 19, 1862, died Jan. 21, 1863, at Dubuque. Reber, H. G., e. Aug. 4, 1862, disd. April 16, 1863, disab. Rogers, Jos. C , e. Aug. 13, '62, disd. Sept. 11, 1863, disab. Richards, Jno. A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 3, 1863, at Yicksburg. Rawson, Jas. D., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Oo.K, 34lhlnft Bawson, Geo, L., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Bobbins, M. C. F., e. Aug. 14, '62, trans, to Co. K,34th Inf, Riser, Gustave, e. Aug. 23, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Robinson, J. F., e. Aug. 23, 1802, trans, to Co. K, 31th Inf. Robinson, A. J., e. Aug. 23, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th luf. Ronco, Jno., e. Feb. 26, 1864, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf Ronco, Jos. J., e. Feb. 26, 1864, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Saltsgiver, H. C, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Sept. 12, 1863, in New Orleans. Sharp, I. W., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Nov. 6, 1862, at Dubuque. Stahl, Harmon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Sept. 2, 1863, at Yicksburg. Severson, B., e. Aug, 11, 1862, Irani, to Co. K, 31th Inf Soward, S. C, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Int Staats, A. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Sept. 11, 1863, disab; Smith, J. C, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th inf. Sutherland, S., e. Aug. 15; 1862, died Aug. 19, 1863, at New Orleans. Simpson, Daniel, e. Aug. 19, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Smith, Eugene, Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 31th Inf., i, Soward, Geo. S., e. Aug. 12, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Int Sliter, G. D., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Aug, 10, 1863, in Yicks- burg. Spaulding, Jas., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Tracy, A., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died July 14, 1863, at Yicks- burg. Thorp, E. M., e. Aug. 16, 186J, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Umbarger, J. P., e. Aug. 11, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Umbarger, David P., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 24, 1863, at CarroUton, Iowa. Vargason, A., e. Aug. 23, 1862, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Williams, M. L., e. Aug. 11, '62, trans, to Co. K, 34th Inf. Wilson, Marshal, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Aug. 17, 1863, at St. Louis. Wells, Jos. T., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Aug. 11, 1863, at Car- roUton, Iowa. Company C. Capt. Chas. H. Millar, e. as private Co. F, 9th Inf com. capt. this Co. Nov. 4, 1862, trans to Co. G, 34th Inf First Lieut. Edward ElweU, e. as Ist sergt. Aug. 11, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 11, 1862, resd. June 2, 1863; Second Lieut. Leander M. Buntou, com. 2d lieut. Nov. i, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 3, 1863, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Sergt. L. B. Fish, e. Aug. 16, '62, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Sergt. R. C. Bowell, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. June 16, 1863. Sergt. L. Potter, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died March 3, 1864 at New Orleans. Sergt. Edward Easton, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Corp. R. Holden, e. Aug. 15, '62, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Corp. Jos. L. WiUiams, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 13, 1863, at Port Hudson. Corp. R. T. Watrous, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Corp. John Weaver, o. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. 6, 34sh Inf Corp. C. H. Wilson, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Aug. 11, 1863, at Port Hudson, La. Corp. Robt. McMuUen, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Corp. Wm. Deal, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Corp. Clarence Webber, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Musician R. 0. Potter, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Sept. 4, 1863, at Can-olltou, Iowa. Musician A. Richards, e. Aug. 13, 1862. Wagoner D. W. Nichols, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Andress, N., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf Anderson, H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf AUyn, Augustus, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. June 16, '64, diaab. Boswell, Jas. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 14, '63, disab. Boswoll, Willis, e. Feb. 26, 1864j trans- to Co. G, 31th Inf. Bacon, C. 0., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Brown, Wm 0., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 6, 1863, at Yicksburg. Barton, John C, «. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 31th Inf. WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 437 Chandler, E. E., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Aug. 30, 1863, at Jefferson BaTrHcks. Cumminga, T. J., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. 13, 1863, at Vicksburg. Converse, «V. B., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 20, 1863, at CarroUton, Iowa. Doland, Jolin, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Davis, M. L., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Oct. 1, 1863, at Now Orleans. Davis, Aug. W., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Feb. 28, '64, diaab. Doty, Andrew, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Dayton, B., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died. April 1, 1863, disab. Dayton, Jonathan, e. Aug. 20, '62, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Finch, B. W., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. 6, 34th Inf. Finch, Aurelius, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. ID, 1863, at St. Lonis. Gersbacher, A., o. Aug. 20, 1862, died Aug. 6, 1863, at St. ), Louis. Heald, Seth, e. Aug. 10, 1862, trans, to Co. 6, 34th Inf. Heald, Artemns, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Hendetshott, Thos , o. Aug. 11,'62, trans, to Co. 6, 34th Inf. jttensley, D. P., e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. Sept. 14, '63, disab. flensley, B. N., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died July 8, 1863, at Vicksburg. Hughes, B. C, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Eonpt, Conrad, e. Aug. 11. 1862, died Oct. 2, 1863, at New Orleans. Honpt, Blias, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died. July 16, 1863, at Vicksburg. How, H. F., e. Aug. 14, died Sept. 14, 1863, at Vicksburg. How, Ghaa.. e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Jaqnes,Francis, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 11, 1863, at Vicksburg. Johnson, G. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Kreamer, A. G., e. Nov. 28, 1863, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Learn, Jacob, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Aug. 31, 1863, at Car- roUton, Iowa. Long, David, Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Moulton, H. A., e Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Matbias, A. J., e. Aug. 11, 1862. Mnllinex, N., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Meikle, John, e. Aug. 1.3, 1862, trans, to Co. 6, 34th Inf. Nicholas, D. P., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Tnf. Koreross, J. A., e. Aug, 13, 1862, disd. Sept. 27, 1863, disab. Mies, B. 8., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died. Oct. 8, 1864, disab. Northrop, Geo. B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. 16, 1863, at Jefferson Barracks. Nntting, Oscar, e. Aug. 15, 1882, taans. to. Co. G, 34th Inf. Osgood, L. K., e. Nov. 27, 1863, trans to Co. G, 34th Inf. Osgood, Warren, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Jan. 22, 1864, at New Orleans. Foorman, Israel B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Sept. 1, 1863, at CarroUton. Proctor, Nathan B., «. Aug. 15, 1862, died Sept. 2, 1863, at CarroUton. Perry, Wm. T.,e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 15, 1863, at New Orleans. Pratt, Melvin, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died Aug. 17, 1863, at Vicksburg. Eeynolds, Wm. M., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Sept. 3, 1863, at CarroUton. Beeves, Levi, e. Aug. 15, 1862. Shaffer, David, e. Aug. 13, 1863, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Shaffer, Joaeph, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 5, 1863. Shook, Jacob, e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. Feb. 7, 1863, disab. Smith, Willard, e. Aug. 13, 1862, diad. June 15, 1864. Smith, Chauncey, e. April 26, '64, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Spurr, Ohas. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. 6, 34th Inf. Stone, Wm. P., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Aug. 11, 1863, at Port Hudson. Seel«y, Samuel S., e. Aug. 15, 1864. Scott, Wm. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Aug. 12, '63, diaab. fhuiston, Jeaae, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Sept. 1, l863, at ' CarroUton. ^ompson, Francis E., e. Aug. 7, 1862, diad. Feb. 24, '64. .Van Buaklrk, S., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. Thorp, E. W., e. Nov. 25, 1863, trans, to Co. G, 34th Inf. WIthereU, Loren, e. Feb. 29, 1864, died at Brownsville, Texas, July 12, 1864. • Wilbur, Pen7 F., e. Aug. 13, 1862. Wing, Elihu, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Aug. 16, 1863, at Vicksburg. Watroua, Moaes, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. G,34th Inf. Wood, Francis, e. Aug. 14, 1862, deserted at Dubuque, Oct. 23,1862. White, A. P., e. Aug. 20, 1862. Baston, Geo. W., e. Nov. 17, '62, trans to Co. G, 34th Inf. van Bnskirk, John, e. Nov. 17, 1862, disd. Aug. 11, 1863. Jaquea, Earl, e. Nov. 17, 1862, died Aug. 22, 1863, at Car- roUton, La. Company H. Capt. Eliphalet FoUett, com. Nov. 4, 1862. First Lieut. Elisha Hosmer, com. Nov. 4, 1862, resd. March 24, 1864. First Lieut. Thomas J Butcher, o. as corp. Aug. 15, 1862, prmtd. to sergt. then to 1st lieut. March 25, 1864. Second Lieut. Lewis Armstrong, com. Nov. 4, 1862, read. July 20, 1863. First Sergt. James N. Dennis, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. I, 34th Inf. Sergt. W. H. H. Myers, e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Sergt. C. M. Curtis, c. Aug. 4, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Sergt. William Whiting, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died Oct. 30, '63, at Elgin. Corp. B. H. Albright, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Oct. 20, 1863, at CarroUton. Corp. Jas. H. Linderman, e Aug. 15, 1863, died Aug. 10, 1863, at Port Hudson, La. Corp. G. J. Webb, e. Aug. 11, '62, disd. Sept. 14, '63, disab. Corp. A. Thompson, e. Aug. 13, 1862, diad. Sept. 21, 1863, disab. Corp. Geo. W. Irwin, o. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Corp. Geo. La Page, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trana. to Co. H. 34tfi Inf. Corp. B. F. Dibble, o. Aug. 15, 1862, trana. to Co. H. 34th Inf. Musician M. B. E. West, e. Aug. 18, 1862, died Sept. 12, 1863, in U. S. hospital. Musician Joseph H. West, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 29, 1863, at New Orleans. Wagoner C. Dorland, e. Aug. 17, 1862, died Aug. 21, 1863, at Jefferson Barracks. Baldwin, Chris., e. Aug, 12, 1862, disd. Oct. 17, 1863, disn-b. Bell, Bobt. T., e, Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept, 14, 1863, disab. Bamer, Chas., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Oct. 18, 1863, at Elgin. Crane, Eleazer, e. Aug. 4. 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Ciane, Edgar, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Conner, Isaac, e. Aug. 1, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34tb Inf. Cooley, JaS. C, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Cain, W. J., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Cbriatianson, M., Aug. 15, 1862, died Sept. 4, 1863, at Keokuk. Conner, Wm. T., t. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Doud, Wm. M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trana. to Co. H, 34th Inf. Downie, E. B., e. Aug. 6, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Desart, Leander, e. Dec. 1, 1863, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Desart, Dennis, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th (nf. Edgar, George W., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Aug. 9, 1863, at Port Hudson. Foster, Edwin, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trana. to Co. H, 34th Inf. FoUett, Thos. M., e. Aug. 10, '62, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Gage, William B., e. Aug, 14, 1862. Gillette, Shuble, e. Aug. 1, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Gamer, William H., e. Aug. 16, 1862. Grosaman, F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trana. to Co. H, 34th Inf. GoodaiU, F. W., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Oct. 18, 1863, at St. Louia. Gunnelson, Swan, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Dec. 5, 1863, at Memphis. Herrington, H. L., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Oct. 28, 1863, at CarroUton, La. Howard, Hugh, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died Sept. 23, 1863, at Memphis. Harvey, Dennis B., o. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. 30, 1863, at Keokuk. Johnson, Jaa., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trana. to Co. H, 34th Inf. Kinsee, Jas., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. King, Benj., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 21, 1863, disab. King, Nathaniel, e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 21, '63, diaab. Ketchum, Witham, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Aug. 6, 1863, on Steamer B. C. Wood. Knight, J. W., e. Aug. 2, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Kincade, Fred., e. Oct. 11, 1864, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Kinyan, Wm., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Oct. 12, '63, at Cairo. Lyon, WiUia, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trana. to Co. A, 34th Inf. Lee, Martin, e. Aug 12, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Moore, John W., e. Aug. 2, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. MUler, P. J., e. Aug. 5, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Myers, Eleazer, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Aug. 7, 1863, on Steamer City of Memphis. Myers, Eichard, e. Oct. 11, 1864, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Mattocks, Eli, e. Aug. 4, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Martindale, Al., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Mattocks, Wm., 6. Aug. 3, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Mattocks, W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans. t6 Co. H, 34th Inf. Mitchell, E. N., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Maze, Thomas, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. 438 WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. MoatB, Ambrose, Aug. 16, 1862. Marsh, J. A., e. Aug. 14, 1862. Mathlason, J. M.. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Minzer, Fred., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Nichols, Wesley, e. Aug. 14. '62, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. ' Nlttel, Jacob, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 28, 1862, disab. Owen, A. V., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died Aug. 28, 1863, at Car- rollton, lia. Packer, Gust., e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Belay, John, e. Oct. 11, 1864, t'ans. to Co. H, 34th Inf. Schlupp, Jacob, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Stirk, Jos. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf Smith, Sidney, e. Aug. 16, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Sattsgiver, Adam, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 20, 1863, on Steamer R. C. Wood. Sparks, John C, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Oct. 25, 1863, at Memphis. Smith, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Oct. 28, 1863, at Sew Orleans. Schmltt, William M., e. Aug. 15, 1862. Taylor, Ed J., e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Travers, N., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Whiting, Benj., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Aug. 9, 1863, at Port Hudson, La. Watenpaugh, A., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died Aug. 21, 1863, at Jefferson Barracks. Warren, Abel, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Nov. 2T, 1863, at Brownsville, Texas. Zimmerman, G., e. Aug. 14, 1862 trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Lee, Andrew, e. Jan. 4, 1864, trans, to Co. U, 34th Inf Kopes, Chas. P., e. Jan. 4, 1864, trans, to Co. H, 34th Inf. Company K. Oullins, Amos, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Aug. 20, 1863, on Steamer City of Memphis. Kerr, James N., e. Aug. 15, 1862. Moe, A. B., e. Aug. 19, 1862, disd. June 16, 1864, disab. Moe, Perry, e. Aug. 19, 1862, died Dec. 26, 1863, at Browns- ville, Texas. Kice, Wilder, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. March 14, 1863, disab. Voorhees, Levi P., e. Aug. 23, 1862, disd. June 20, '64, disab. THIETY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth consolidated. Not long after consolidation, the regiment went to Kenner, eight miles from New Orleans, on the Jackson Railroad, and encamped on ground considerably lower than the Mississippi Kiver. January 2*7, 1865, arrived at Barrancas, Fla.; went into camp until the movement on Fort Blakely, sixty miles distant; took part in the assault of A-pril 9 with conspicuous gallantry, which ended its active service. Note. — This regiment was TnuBtered oiU at Houston. Texas Aug. 15, 1865. Company F. Trans, from Co. A, Thirty-eighth Regt., Dec. 31, 1864. First Lieut. Ezra Crosby. First Sergt.. Geo. W. Cook. Sergt. Brown Stuart. Sergt. Benj. W. Bdsberry. Corp. John H. Pittg. Corp, Jas. Burrell. Corp. Wm. Kinsey, wd. April 9, 1865, at Blakely, Ala. Corp. T. C. "Wayman. Musician A. M. Currier. Bailey, Wm. T. Burk, John. Butler, Jesse. Butler, Henry, died May 27, 1865, at New Orleans. Barnuni, Joseph C. Bartie, Tbos. Oorbin, Daniel. Cline, Jacob. Cook, John G. Clamer, Wm. Crom, A. Crosby, G. R. Clow, N. B. Davis, Josiah. Forbes, Daniel 0. Fitch, E.E. Horrigan, Wm. Howe, Wm. H. Hitch, John. Hart, Dennis, wd. April 9, 1865, at Blakely, Ala. Hageman, John N. H tuse, Peter. Johnson, Wm. S. Jennings, John A. Jennings, Joseph M. Lincicum, Jesse. Maroney, John. Nicoll, Alex. Nefzgar, Jacob F. Staples, S. D. Starr, Barnard. Tuttle, Loyd. Vawser, John. Walls, Thos. A. Woods, Neri. Company C. Trans, from Co. G, Thirty-eighth Inf., Dec. 31, 1864. Capt. Chas.H. Millar. First Lieut. Leander M. Bunton. Second Lieut. Edward Eaeton, e. bh sergt. Co.G, 38th Inf., Aug. 15, 1862, comd. 2d lieut. this Co. Jan. 10, 1865. Sergt. Lorenzo B. Fish. Sergt. Robt. Holden. Corp. R. T. Watrous. Corp. John Weaver. Corp. C. L. Webber. Corp. D. F. Nicholas. Corp. Nelson Mulinex. Wagoner D. W. Nicholas, disd. Feb. 14, 1865, disab. Andrews, Noah. Anderson, Henry, wd. April 9, 1865, Blakely, Ala. Bacon, C. 0. Boswell, Willis. Barton, John C. Dayton, Jonathan. Deal, Wm. Doland, John. Doty, Andrew, Easton, Geo. W. Finch, B. W. Heald, Artemus. Heald, Seth. Hughes, R. 0. How, Chas. Hendershott, Thos. Johnson, Geo. W. Kramer, A. G. Long, David. Meikle, John. Moulton, H. A. McMuUen, Robt. Nutting, Oscar. Shaffer, David. Scott, Wm. H. Spurr, C. C , disd. July 31, 1865, disab. Smith, Chauucey. Thorp, E. W. Van Buskirk, S. Watrous, Moses, disd. May 12, 1865, disab. Osgood, L, K. Smith, Willard. Van Buskirk, John, Company H, (Trans, from Co. H, Thirty-eighth Inf, Dec. 31, 1864.) Sergt. Wm. H. H. Myers. Sergt. C. M. Curtis. Corp. Thos. M. FoUctt. Corp. G. A. Packer. Corp, Geo, W.Trwin. Corp. Geo. Zimmerman. Conner, Wm. T. Conner, Isaac. Crane, E, W. Crane, Edgar, Cooley, Jas. C. Cain, Wm. Dibble, Benj. F. Downie, E. B. Desart, Dennis. Desart, Leander. Doud, Wm. M. Foster, Edwin. Gillett , Shuble. Grossman, Frederick, disd. March 3, 1865, disab. Johnson, James. Knight, John W. Kinsel, James. WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 439 Kincade, Frederick. Lee, Martin, Lee, Andrew. Lyon, WilliB, liipage, Geo. Minzer, Frederick. Mattocks, Wilder. Moore, John W. Miller, P. J. Mattocks, Eli. Mattocks, "Wm. R. Martindale, A. Mitchell, R. N. Maze, Thos. Mathiaaon, John M. My«r8, Richard. NicholB, Wesley. Ropes, Chas. F. . Relay, John. Schlupp, Jacob. ^tirk, Joseph W. Smith, Sidney. Taylor, JEd. J. Travera, N. Company I. (Trans, from Co. A, Thirty-eighth Inf., Dec. 31, 1864.) Second Lient. James N. Dennis, com. Jan. 10, 1865, from Ist sergt. Holcomb, R. M. Davis, Denj. Company K. (Trans, from Co. F, Thirty-eigbth Inf , Dec. 31, 18*54.) First Lieut. Henry M. Shoemaker, e. Nov. 4, 1862, wd. at Blakely, Ala., April 9, 1866. Sergt. Jacob Miller. Sergt. Geo. L. Bawaon. Corp. Ashahel iTes. Corp. Jacob Rush, Jr. Corp. G. G. Spears. Corp. Martin Leonhart. Musician B. Hubbell Pepper. Barget, Geo, Cavin, Wm. E. Clement, H. Collins, 0. H. Cook, John. Hennings, Thos. Higby, Milo L, House, Alfx. House, Jeremiah. Keaaey, G. A,, died March 25, 1865. Kirkpatrick, J. H. Mansfield, F. W., died. Aug. 23, 1863, disab. Mathews, John. McNutt, Geo. E. McQuilkin, R, W. Nichols, Jos. Parkhurst, W. Parker, Samuel. Roberts, Jesse J., disd. June 6, 1865, disab, Bawaon, Jas. D. Riser, Gustave. Robbins, M. C. F. Robinson, A. J. Robinson, Jacob F. Ronco, John. Ronco, James J. Soward, Geo S. Severson, Barnard. Simpson, Daniel. Smith, Eugene. Smith, J. C. Soward, S. C. Spauldlng, Jas. Thorp, E. M. Umbarger, J. P. Vaigason, A. WiUiams, M. L. Welsh, D. B. ' Welsh, L. Cooper, Benj, Murray, Geo. M., musician. FOKTY-SIXTH INFANTKY. (One Hundred Days.) This was also a 100-day regiment. It went into service ''Pa'enport, June 10, 1864. and was forwarded to Cairo- and thence to Memphis, arriving at the latter place June 20. June 27, the regiment was ordered to Gamp Lookout,, near Colliersville, Teon., where the men did heavy duty, being on picket alternate days for about two months. The only brush with the enemy occurred at that place in August. A squad of guerrillas captured two pickets, and a detachment was sent out to rescue them, if possible. In the skirmish that followed, four of our men were wounded. September 1. the Forty-sixth returned to Mem- phis, and on the 10th of the same month started home- ward, reaching Davenport on the 16th. The regiment was mustered out and paid off on the 23d. Note. — This regiment wasmustered out at I>avenport, Sep- tember SS, 1861,. Col. David B. Henderson, com. Juno 9, 1864. Hob. Stew. Edwin A. Kreamer, e. May 10, 1864, prmtd. froiu 2d Sergt., Co. D, June 10, 1864. Company D. First Lient. Nathan S. Harwood, com. June 10, 1864. Corp. Henry G. Keber, e. May V; 1864. Corp. Francis M. Robertson, e. May 6, 1864. Corp. Bobert Quigley, e. May 7, 1864. Corp. 0. A. Doan, e. May 6, 1864, died Aug. 27, 1864, at Memphis. Musician Wm. J. Haddock, e. May 6, 1864. Albright, John W., e. May 10, 1864. Abbott, Chas. N., e. May 4, 1864. Blodgett, Oliver, e. May 9, 1864. Bean, Geo. E., e. May 10, 1864. Conrad, James, e. May 6, 1864. Gray, Harrison VT., e. May 9, 1864. Metzgar, A. E., e. May 9, 1864. Munger, W. B.,e. May 14, 1864. Norton, Homer B., e. May 10, 1864. Pepper, Wm. H., e. May 10, 1864. Perkins, Jerry, e. May 14, 1864. Kinker, M. N., e. May 21, 1864. Bobbins, Jerome N., e. May 10, 1864. Torode, W^m., e. May 6, 1864. Wells, Hamilton C, e. May 10, 1864. Company F. Corp. Joseph Murphy, e. May 2, 1864. Corp. Chas. Wollner, e. May 17, 1864. Stewart, John M., e. May 2, 1864. Torry, I. B., e. May 2, 1864. Company K. Slusher, John B., e. May 13, 1864. MISCELLANEOUS INFANTKY. Fifth Infantry. Corp. Simon L. Shultz, o. July 1, 1861, disbanded Aug. 18,1864. ■ Corp. John Jarrett, e. July 1, 1861, kid. in action May 16, 1863, at Champion Hills, Miss. Corp. Wm. Codling, e. July 1, 1861, disd. Feb. 27, 1864, at St. Louis, Mo., on acct. of wds. Cushman, Wm. S., e. July 1, 1861, disd. Dec. 3, 1862, disab. Conkling, A. M., e. July 1, 1861, disd. Feb. 27, 1864, at St. Louis, Mo. Davis, John A., e. July 1, 1861, disd. Dec. 17, 1863, Begt't Report saya died of wds. Dec. 17, 1863. Sitler, Geo. B., e July 1, 1861, captd. May 17, 1864, at Madison Station, Ala., disbanded Aug., 1864. Spragnc, Heman, e. July 1, 1861, disbanded Aug., 1884. Sprague, H. C , e. July 1, 1861, wd. Sept. 19 1862, at luka, also wd. May 16, 1863, at Champion Hills. Sixth Infantry. Siiiith, A. M., e. July 15, 1861, wd., died May 12, 1862, at Paducab. Seventh Infantry. Sergt. Calvin B. Lake, com. March 18, 1862, resd. Sept. 12, 1863. Thirteenth Infantry. Newcomer, Levi, e. Oct. 4, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1866. Kenyon, Edgar, e. Nov. 7, 1864. 440 WAE RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Fourteenth Infantry. Maj. Leander C. Noble, com. Feb. 27, 1802, from oivil life, declined. ■Wagoner F. S. Smith, e. March 6, 1863, m o. Not. 16, 1864. Eobison, Alvin, e. March 23, 1863, m. o. Nov. 16, 1864. Residuary Battery — Fourteenth In- fantry. BobinbOD, A. D., e. March 23, 1863, m. o. Aug. 8, 1866. Hobinson, A. S., e. Feb. 1, 1864, m. o. Aug. 8, 1869. Sixteenth Infantry. Asst. Surp. Dixon Alexander, com. March 5, 1865, m. u. July 19, 1865. Baluff, John P., e. Not. 15, 1861, m. o. July 19, 1865. Brown, John W., e. Dec. 9, 1861, died July 4, 1862. Joy, Henry F., e. Dec. 10, 1861, died Feb. 25, 1862. Rowland, M. M., e. Dec. 7, 1861, died Oct. 14, 1862. Seventeenth Infantry. ■WJieeler, Joseph F., e. Dec. 16, 1862, re-e. as Tet. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. Oct. 13, 1864, in Georgia, m. o. July 25, 1865. Twenty-seventh Infantry. W«ir8t,.G. 0., o. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 8, 1865. Twenty-eighth Infantry. •Gilliam, B. D., e. Oct. 17, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865. Fortieth Infantry. ■Sergt. Geo. "W. Lan_gham, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 2, 1866. Forty-fourth Infantry. Holmes, J. C, e, Aug. 30, 1864, m. o. Sept. 15, 1864. Webber, R. B., e. May 15, 1864, m, o. Sept. 16, 1864. Forty-seventh Infantry. Barber, Zina L., e. May 10, 1864. Borland, Cornelius, e. May 13, 1864. Eaton, Arthur H., e. May 17, 1864. Weeks, Lyman G., e May 16, 1864. Forty -eighth Infantry. league, Wm. J., e. June 20, 1864, m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. First Infantry, A. D. (60 U. S. Vols., A. D.) ■Second Lieut. Iram A. Sawyer, e. aa sergt. maj., com. 2d lieut. May 9, 1864, resd. May 26, 1866. Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry. •Christianson, G. Ohristopherson, F. Helgeson, Die. iTerson, Ole. Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry. Ward, Boyal L., e. Dec. 23, 1861. FIRST CAVALRY. Fltz Henry Warren, one of the most accomplished of the Iowa politicians, became one of the editors of the New York Tribune about the time the war commenced. He had been First Assistant Postmaster General, but in- dignantly resigned when Millard Fillmore approved the Fugitive Slave Act. After the first battle of Bull ~Bun, Mr. Warrep, who had previously been elected Colonel of the First Iowa Cavalry, determined to accept, laid down hie powerful pen and grasped the sword. In July, 1861, six companies were in camp near Bur- lington, were fully organized by the last of August and mustered into service early in September, at Davenport, In October, the regiment was ordered to St. Louis, and €ight companies patrolled a large portion of Missouri during the following Winter ; and it is said that that region was extremely unhealthy for guerrillas while it was occupied by the First Iowa troopers. It had numer- ous skiimishes with Quantrell and other outlaws in 1862. December 3(i, marched to reinforce Gen. Blunt at Can$ Hill, Ark.; led the column advancing on Van Buren, December 28th ; whipped two regiments of rebel cavalry* dashed into town, and performed effective service in the Southwest. When the war closed, instead of being mustered out, the veteran First was sent to Texas. There, one of ite members was flogged by order of Gen. Ouster, against which barbarity Gov, Stone earnestly protested, and asked that the regiment be taken from Custer's command ai^d honorably mustered out. fNOTE. — This regiment was mustered out at Austin, Texas February 15, 1866.] Musn. R. W. Brown, b. June 13, 1801, m. o. Sept. 1, 1862. Company C. Fish, Wm. B. Carpenter, M. D., e. Aug. 26, 1861, died Dec. 29, 1864, in Fayette County. Eggleston, W. K., e. Jan. 5, 1864. HeustisB, Benjamin, e. Dec. 1, 1863, died Aug. 8, 1864, at Little Bock, Ark. Paris, Chas. R., e. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. Jan. 29, 1864, dlaab. Piatt, Josiah, e. Dec. 29, 1863. Roberts, John B., e. Dec. 28, 1863. Ross, Samuel W., Dec. 28, 1863, disd. for disab. Sales, Wm. C, e. Dec. 29, 1863. Company I. Bonham. M. J., e. March 25, 1864. Company K. Corp. W. B. Herrlman, e. July 18, 1862. Weikpl, Geo., re-e. aa vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Wolf, Harrison, Company M. Johnson, Otis I., e. Jan. 4, 1864. McCann, Jos. L., e. Jan. 4, 1864. Strickland, Franklyn, e, Jan. 4, 1864, Murray, Abraham, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864. unassigned Recruits. Gorham, James, e. Dec. 14, 1863. Sherrard, David, e. Dec. 14, 1863. Alford, E. M., e. Jan. 12, 1864. Cushman, Wm. S., e. Jan. 12, 1864. Eggleston, C. B., e. Feb. 29, 1864, Jones, Allen, e. Jan. 23, 1864. Reynolds, Geo,, e. Dec. 25, 1863. Wood, Lewis, e. Jan. 12, 1864. SIXTH CAVALRY. The Sixth Cavalry was recruited in 1862, and was sent to Dakota immediately after being recruited and drilled, where it marched, under Gen. Sully, against the Indians. The command left the mouth of the Big Cheyenne on the 21st day of August, 1863, and, on the 3d of September, participated in the battle of White Stone Hill. From the official report of Col. D. S. Wilson, of ^hat date, is con- densed the following : On the morning of the 3rd, Col. Wilson received an order from the general commanding to detail one battal- ion ftom his command, and, as it was the turn of the Third Battalion to scout, an order was issued directing Maj. House to report at headquarters for instructions, which was promptly done. Company M had had their horses used up by constant scouting. The detail for the scout was Company 0, L. L. Ainsworth, Captain ; Com- pany I, L. B. Wolf, Captain ; Company F, S. Shattuck, Captain; and Company H, of Second Battalion, 0. J. Marsh, Captain. They left the command at an early hour. After their departure, the brigade took up its line of march to a point ten miles eastdf White Stone Hill. Maj. House discovered a very large body of In- dians at the " Hill," and commenced a parley to hold them while he despatched a messenger to the camp. As soon aa the messenger arrived, it was only a few minutss before the whole command was on its way to the battle- field. The battle at once began, and upon the Sixth lo^ devolved the task of surrounding the Indians and driving them in. On every side were straggling Indians, endeav- oring to escape. The main body, however, after having been quietly driven quite a distance toward a common WAR KECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 441 •center, says Col. Wilson, " availed themselves of the darkness that was coming on by suddenly firing upon us, which fire, although entirely unexpected, was immedi- ately returned by us "with terrible eflfect." Preparations -were then made to continue the fight on foot, but dark- ness prevented. The regiment went into camp on the battlefield, corralled their horses, threw out pickets, and the command slept on their arms. The night was very .dark and very cold, and, when morning came, it was dis- covered that the redskins, under cover of the thick dark- ness, had stolen away, " leaving the country strewed for miles around with their dried meats, provisions, packs, robes, tepees, goods and ponies." In this engagement, the regiment lost one commissioned ofiicer and ten pri- vates, and had eleven wounded. Col. Wilson says of his field and line o£EicerB : " From the highest to the lowest, they deserve the most favorable consideration, and the ^me may be said of almost the entire command engaged. Being their first battle, this was their baptism of fire and steel, and most nobly did they behave. The high valor earned by the noble action of the Iowa troops upon the bloody fields of battle has not been tarnished by the gal- lant Iowa Sixth at White Stone Hill." July 28, 1864, the Sixth had a hand in the engagement with the Indians at Tabkahokutah, where the Indians occupied a secure position on some steep and rocky bluffs partly covered with timber. The Indians threw out mounted skirmishing parties eight or ten miles in ad- vance of this position, which were driven back to the blu&. The Indians were then shelled out of their posi- tion in therocks and forced to retreat with considerable loss. August 8th, the regiment, which had camped the previous night on the Little Missouri, had a skirmish with a heavy force of Indians, and on the following day got a chance to charge them a distance of over two miles, killing a considerable number. The regiment remained in Dakota until Winter, bivouacked at Sioux City until Spring, and was mustered out in October, 1865. [Note. — This Regiment woe mustered out at Sioux Oity, Imta Oct. 17, 1865.] Act. A. Surg. N. B.Elliot, com. Dec. 18, '62, res. Feb. 27, '63. Adjt. Beni. J. Agard, e. as private Sept. 22, 1862, prmtd. adjt. May 5, 1864. Company C. Capt. Lucian L. Ainsworth, com. Jan. 31, 1863. Finjt Lieut. Geo. E. Dayton, com. Jan. 31, 1863, prmtd. ■ capt. Co. K, March 4, 1864. First Lieut. Freeman K. Fisk, e. as sergt. Sept. 22, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 30, 1864, com. 2d Ueut. March 16, 1865. Second Lieut Heniy Bickel, com. Jan. 31, 1863, res. June 29, 1864. Second Lieut. Warren D. Stafford, e. as Q. M. S. Sept. 22, 1862, com. 2d lieut. March 16, 1365. Com. Sergt. A. Dom, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Sergt. Wm. F. Crawford, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Sergt. Geo. F. Boardman, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Sergt. Danl. B. Blaisdell, e. Sept. 22, 1862, died. May 31, 1865, disab. Sergt. Jas. Holmes, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Corp. John L. Davis, e. Sept. 22, 1862, disd. May 4,- 1864, disab. Corp. B. E. Burlingham, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Corp. Deles W. Eaton, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Corp. A. M. Childs, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Corp. Wm. Tripp, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Corp. Merritt Smith, e. Sept. 22, 1362. Corp. C. L. Loomis, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Teamster S. W. Osbom, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Teamster J. Crawford, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Saddler Jaa. E. Bissell, e. Sepi. 22, 1862. Agaid, B. E., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Burrett, A., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Bnrdin, Geo., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Burrell, Wm., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Buttles, 0. F., e. Sept. 22,1862. Bnrnsides, A. C, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Barnes, A. S., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Clark, Avery, e. Sept. 22, 1862, kid. Sept. 3, 1863, in action, at White Stone MiHs, D. T. Coniad, L. D., e. Dec. 1, 1662, dtsd. July 29, 1865. Oooley, Wm. H., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Crawford, Arthur, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Conrad, Orlando, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Connegan, Frank, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Davis, Geo. K., e.Sept. 22, 1862. Eckman, John, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Baton, W. C, e. Sept. 22, 1«B2. Foster, Hiram, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Fortney, Adam, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Farr, Levi L., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Graves, Harley, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Hubbell, M. S., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Hamilton, Benj., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Innis, Eobt.j e. Sept. 22, 1862. Kellogg, Hiram, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Long, Moses 0., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Luse, J. 0., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Middlestatts, F., e. Sept. 22, 1862. McDongal, Dougal, e. Oct. 1, 1862, diad. April 21, '63, disab. Nolan, M., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Ober, Francis, e. Sept. 18,1862. Paine, Wm. J., e. Sept. 23, 1862. Boeder, Thoa., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Stoops, W. H.,. e. Sept. 18, 1862, died Oct. 10, 1864, at Ft. Bice, D. T. Sawyer, C. A., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Seeber, H, S., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Sheek, Fred., e. Sept. 22, 1862, disd. Dec. 26, 1864, disab. Tague, John, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Tripp, Willis, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Ungerer, Michael, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Vansickles, 0. V., e. Sept.'22, 1862. Waxd, Eobert, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Whitely, Geo., e. Oct. 4, 1862. Wade, Isaac, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Winslow, A. P., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Wickham, Orison, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Wickham, B., e. Sept. 22, 1862. Wakefield, Jacob, e. Sept. 22, 1862. Abemethy, Jas., e. Feb. 1, 1863. Budlong, Judiah, Oct. 1, 1863. Mathis, Wm. W., Feb. 1, 1863. Boach, M. T., Feb. 1, 1863. Bingham, Jas. W., e. March 19, 1864. Gray, Jas. K., e. March 31, 1864. Lachey, Melvin, e. March 19, 1864. Maynard, S. J., e. March 2, 1864. Shanklin, M. W., e. March 31, 1864. Schermerhorn, P. B., Oct. 17, 1864. Company I. Barnes, B. C, e. Nov. 1, 1862. Hatton, Jos. S, e. Nov. 22, 1862. Heath, Wm. W., e. Dec. 1, 1862. McFarlan, J., e. Jan. 1, 1862. Doxsee, Charles, e. March 6, 1863. SEVENTH CAVALRY. Thfs regiment was organized at " Camp Henderahott," Davenport, in the Summer of 1863, and ordered to duty against the Indians in Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado and Kansas. Portions of the regiment were engaged in the battles of White Stone Hill, Tabkahokutah, Bad Lands, Little Blue' Julesburg, Mud Springs, Bush Creek, Horse Creek, Cow Creek, and dther engagements, in which the brave Iowa boys fought gallantly. The battle of Jules- burg, Colorado, was fought by Company F, under Capt. O'Brien. The Indians in large numbers had attacked a train. Capt. O'Brien marched to its assistance, and the battle continued duriog the day. The company lost thirteen killed, and the Indians lost fifty-five. The regi- ment remained on the plains fighting Indians until 1866. [Note — Tfm Regiment was mustered oiU at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866.] Company E. McGee, Wm., e. April 3, 1863. Company F. Capt. John F. Brown, e. as 1st sergt. April 1, 1863, com. 1st lieut. Feb. 5, 1866, com. capt. Feb. 10, 1866, disd. aslst. Ueut. May 6, 1866. First Lieut. John S. Brewer, com. June 3, 1863, read. Nov. 3, 1865. Second Lieut. Salem Morse, e. as sergt. com. 2d lieut. May 23, 1866. Sergt. Wm. H. Botsford, e. March 1, 1863. Corp. David Olmstead, e. March 28, 1863. Corp. Elvin Pratt, e. April 1, 1863. Corp. Geo. Holes, e. March 25, 1863. Corp. D. Lippincott, e. March 16, 1363, kid. Jan. 7, 1865, in action. Farrier Thos. Green, e. Feb. 5, 1863. Saddler J. D. NicoU, o. March 1, 1863. • Asbury, Thos., e. April 1, 1863, disd. Nov. 2, 1863, disab. I 442 WAR RECORD OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Burroughs, Geo. L., e. April 14, 1863. Conner, Jas., e. Feb. 1, 1863, died Oct. S, 1864, at Ft. Coi^ tonwood, D. T. Good, Jas,, e. May 1, 1863. Koons, Anthony, e Feb. 5, 1863, kid. Jan. 7, 1866, at Julesburg, C. T., in battle. Larson, Jas., e. April 1, 1863. Moore, B. D„ e. Apiil 15, 1863, kid. Jan. 7, 1864, at Jules- burg, G. T, in battle. Nichols, Jerome, e. April 1, 1863, disd. by civil authority, June 23, 1863. Raymond, Wm., e. March 1, 1863. Scott, Thos,, e. April 1, 1863, kid. Jan. 7, 1865, at Jules- burg, C. T.jin action. Wagle, C. T., e. Feb. 18, 1863. Woodruff, M., e. April 1, 1S63. "Wilson, Thos,, e. April 1, 1863, di%d. Not, 2, 1863, disab. Wickham, John S., e, April 1, 1863, died July 28, 1863, in regimental hospital. Company Unknown. Baker, Chas., e. April 11, 1864, Bennett, 1. S., e. April 16, 1864. NINTH CAVALRY. This regiment, Col. Matthew M. Trumbul, was the last of the Ihree years' regiments recruited in Iowa. It was organized at Davenport, November 30, 1863, and ordered to Arkansas, where it remained performing heavy scout- ing, guard and garrison duties until the close of the war. ["Note. — This regiment waB mustered oui Feb, 3, 1866.'] Company E, First Lieut, Mark Gilbert, com. Nov. 30, 1863, resd. Sept. 8, 1864. First Lieut. Henry "W. Harmon, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 30, 1862, com. 1st lieut. Sept. 9, 1864, resd. July 3, 1866. Second Lient. Walstein Davis, e. as private, com. 2d lieut. July 4, 1866. Quarteimaster Sergt. H. A. Beck, e. Aug. 17, 1863. Com. Sergt. Thos. H. Kaufman, e. July 4, 1863. Sergt, Wm, C. Foster, e. July 15, 1863, died Aug. 14, 1864, at Duvall's Bluff, Ark. Corp. Jas, B. Carter, e, July 20, 1863. Corp. Patten Davis, e. Aug. 25, 1863, died March 26, 1864, at St, Louis, Corp, Jeptha FuBon, e. July 1, 1863, Corp. A 0. Carson, e, July 1, 1863. Trumpeter B, Evenson, e. July 2, 1863. Farrier Geo. V. Davis, e. Oct. 9, 1863. Farrier Jos. E. Conrad, e. Sept. 23, 1863. Saddler John M. Detrick, e. July 16, 1863. Anderson, John, e. July 26, 1863, died April 26, 1866, at Brownsville Station, Ark. Baker, Milo C, e, June 30, 1863, died Oct, 24, 1864, at Brownsviile Station, Ark. Bradley, 0. T,, e. Aug, 11 , 1863, died Sept. 21, 1864, at Lit- tle Bock, Ark. Brown, A., e. July 29, 1863, died Dec. 24, 1864, near Hick- ory Plains, Ark. Dutcher, Ohas, B,, e, Aug, 1, 1863. Dershan, Wm,, e, July 0, 1863. How, Isaac J., e. July 21, 1863. Iliff, Jasper N,, e, July 1, 1863. Kibbe, L, J,, e. July 25, 1863. Linnell, S. G., e. June 9, 1863, Learn, Samuel, e, June 25, 1863. Lathan, F. B., e, Oct. 3, 1863. Monnah«n, J. P., e. Oct.l, 1863. 01"son, Emerick, e. July iS, 1863. Priogle, Bobert, e. July 20, 1863. Sogers, L. D , e. June 18, 1863. Rhoades, John, e. Oct. 1, 1863; Staddon, James, e. Jnne 19j 1863. Stafford, L., e. July 3, 18i 3. Sergeant, P. W., o. July 22, 1863. Stone, Daniel E., e. July 18, 1863. Shook, Chas. W. July 18, 1863. Schwartz, Fred. K., e. Aug. 8, 1863. Shannon, Thomas, e. Oct. fl, 1863. Tripp, Wm, B„ e, Aug. 24, 1863, Thompson, 0. S., e. Nov. 3, 1863. Taylor, David, c. July 16, 1863. Wright, Royal E., e. Nov. 1, 1863. Company F. Lee, Jasper, e. Dec. 26, 1863. MISCELLANEOUS CAVALRY. Second Cavalry. Gifford, Elias, e. Dec. 7, 1863, m o. Sept. 19, 1865. Wood, Elias, e. Dec. 4, 1863, died March 9, 1864, at Sash- ville, Tenn Davis, S, J., e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. Wood, Levi, e. Jan. 2, 1864, wd. Dec. 15, 1864, at Nash- ville, Tenn. Desart, John, e. Dec. 16, 1863, died June 19, 1864, at Memphis, Tenn. Logan, l,yman, e. Dec. 15, 1863, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. Clark, Chas. W., e. Dec. W, 1P63, wd, Conner, Benj., e. S.pt. 16, 1864. died Feb. 19, 1864, at Memphis. Linn, Wm. H , e, Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. Bartlett, Wm., e. Aug. 4, 1861, deserted at Bienzi, Miss.^ Julv 18, 1862. Hurd, James, m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. Fourth Cavalry. C"lor-Sergt, L. D. Wellman, e. Dec. 12, 1863, wd. Flinn, Lewis, e. Si-pt. 25, 1861, re-e. Dec. 12, 1863. Piatt, Milton, e. Sept. 26, 1861, wd. Oct. 11, 1862. Nash, Cassius M., e. Jan. 11, 1864, m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. Fifth Veteran Cavalry. (Consolidated.) Davis, L, B,, e. April 11, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. Earle, S. M., e. April 25, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. Simar, Anson E., e. April, 1864, ni, o. Aug, 11, 1865. Corp. Hela C. Sprague, e. July 1, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 6, 1864, m. O.Aug. 11,186.5, Sprague, Henan, e. July 1, 1861, re-e, as vet. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11,1866. First Cavalry Missouri State Militia. Sergt. Norton B. Johnson, e. June 14, 1862. Musician David H. Johnson, e. July 15, 1863. Twelfth Illinois Cavalry. Haywatd, John F., e. Dec. 6, 1861. Mill8,-M!.P,, e. Dec. 6, 1861. Newcomb, Clark, e, Dec. 6, 1861. Pattie, A. D., e. Dec. 6, 1861, ARTILLERY. Second Battery. Spencer, Jas., e. Sept. 9, 1864, m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. For four years and more, tfl^note of the fife and drum and bugle and the tramp of armed hosts were continuously heard, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Gulf of Mexico to British North America, and the clash of arms was borne northward on every breeze from the sunny but blood-drenched plains of the South. For four years and more, " grim-visaged war " had waved its crim- son banners over the fair fabric the Fathers had erected, in a vain endeavor to hurl it from its foundations. In this terrible and gigantic struggle, Fayette had borne its full part ; and many a brave volunteer from its beautiful prairieS HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 443 had laid down his life on the battle field, or stai-ved to death in the rebel slaugh- ter pens at Anderaonville and Macon. But now, Sherman and his "brave boys in blue " had made their memorable and historic march to the sea, Lee had surrendered to the victorious army of the Union under Grant, the war was ended, peace restored, the Union preserved in its integrity, and the patriotic sons of Fayette who were spared to witness the final victory of the armies of the Union returned to their homes to receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who had eagerly and jealously and anxiously watched and followed them wherever the varying fortunes of war had called them. Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell back to their old avocations — on the farm, in the mines, at the forge, the bench, in the shop, in the ofiBce, or at whatever else their hands found to do. Their noble deeds, in the hour of their country's peril, are now and always will be dear to the hearts of the people whom they so faithfully served. Brave men are always honored, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than the brave volunteers of Fayette County, not simply because they were soldiers, but because, in their association with their fellow men, their walk is upright, and their character and honesty without reproach. Their country first, their glory and their pride ; Land of their hopes — ^land where their fathere died ; When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright : When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. The wondrous deeds of daring and glorious achievements of the Army of the Union, during the great war of the rebellion, will always be dearly cherished by all patriotic hearts. But there were scenes, incidents and accidents, the memory of which will shade with sadness the bright reflections engendered by the contemplation of a heroism, devotion and sacrifice the like of which the world never saw before. But the memory of those who fell in the stupendous struggle is still familiar to the present people of Fayette County ; but fifty years hence, when the fathers and mothers of to-day shall have passed on to their eternal home, they will be remembered by posterity more as matters of tradition than of absolute written history. On the 6th of August, 1869, the anniversary of the Battle of Shiloh, a meeting was called, at Fayette, of the resident survivors of Company F, Third Iowa Regiment, and of other companies and regiments in the county. At the meeting, there were present : Col. Aaron Brown, Capt. Jacob Swank, Lieut. J. H. Lakin, Wm. Cox, F. M. Garrison, J. J. Earle, E. H. Kinyon, T. M. Whiteley, Joseph Antwine, A. D. Davis, A. B. Ecker, J. D. Parrott, of Com- pany F ; C. H. Talmadge, of Company I ; E. A. Adams, Irwin Comstock, of the Twelfth Regiment ; W. H. Scott and J. R. Leightner. Col. Brown was Chairman by common consentj by virtue of his ofiice. "At this meeting," says the Gazette, "old scars were shown that were firesh, bleeding wounds when last seen by many of these eyes ; and with what energy are the battles fought over again ? " The honored dead, those who went out with them, to fight for the Constitu- tion and the Union, were not forgotten, and the business of the day was trans- acted in a solemn, earnest manner, characteristic of the determined men who have not yet discharged their whole duty — a duty they owe themselves and their comrades, after having fulfilled their duty to their country. Col. Brown stated the object of the meeting to be to devise a plan for the erection of a suitable monument to the memory of those who went out in the 444 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. vigor of life, but left their emaciated and bloody forms on the battle fields and in the cemeteries of the South. The meeting adjourned to meet at West Union May 1st, at which time, a large number of veterans assembled at the Court House. Dr. L. Armstrong was Chairman, and F. M. Garrison, Secretary. C. H. Talmadge, Esq., stated the object of the meeting, and speeches were made by Hon. L. L. Ainsworth, Lakin, Zeigler and others. A committee, consisting of S. B. Zeigler, M. M. House, J. H. Lakin, Wm. Larrabee and Cyrus Beck, was appointed to prepare an address to the people of the county. Township committees of three were appointed to secure a general attend- ance at the next meeting, and instructed to call meetings in their several townships, one week prior to the next meeting. These committees were as follows : Auburn — William Quivey, Hiram Hoagland, W. W. Gardner. Banks — Nathan Bent, LeRoy Hallowell, Matthew Armstrong. Clermont — J. N. Den- nis, Dr. James Barr, G. A. Appelman. Center — Elisha Hartsough, Augustus Allen, J. B. Perry. Dover — Thomas Kincaid, Frank Ropes, B. H. Ropes. Eden — G. S. Blackman, L. P. Finch, Joel Parker. Fairfield — Adam Becker, G. S. Ransom, Jacob Walrath. Fremont — N. W. Spears, Cyrus Beck, H. W. Zimmerman. Harlan — 'William Taylor, William Crawford, George Rich. lUyria — E. Elwell, R. A. Richardson, Samuel Herriman. Jefferson — B. H. Bennett, Alden Spears, A. Hancock. Gran — J. E. Kent, Jesse Roberts, B. E. Hough. Pleasant Valley — T. J. Butcher, H. Warner, S. Underwood. Putnam — J. S. Phillips, F. Kidder, H. B. Talcott. Richland — Ira Utter, Clark Ward, L. B. Davis. Scott — Geo. Schermerhorn, C. B. Gardinier, E. R. Miller. Smithfield— J. E. Budd, J. H. Foskett, F. Snedigar. Windsor— Wm. Colby, E. H. Ketchum, William Burrill. Westfield — Col. Aaron Brown, Richard Earle, H. S. Brunson. West Union — S. B. Zeigler, J. Swank, J. S. Brewer. June 8, 1869, another large meeting was held at the Court House — Dr. Armstrong in the chair. The Monument Association was permanently organ- ized by choice of Col. Aaron Brown, President ; B. H. Ropes, First Vice Pres- ident ; L. L. Ainsworth, Second Vice President ; C. H. Talmadge, Secretary ; J. H. Lakin, Assistant Secretary ; Wm. McClintock, Treasurer. A committee, consisting of S. B. Zeigler, Wm. McClintock and A. W. Cal- lender, was appointed, to draft resolutions. Constitution and By-Laws and Arti- cles of Incorporation. The next meeting was appointed at Dunham's Grove, in Center Township, on Sunday, July 4th. H. S. Brunson, J. W. Shannon and L. L. Ainsworth were appointed to secure speakers for the occasion. John Webb, J. J. Welsh and N. W. Spear were appointed Committee on Grounds and. Programme, and Capt. Jacob Swank was appointed Marshal. This was designed to be a religious meeting, in commemoration of the gallant dead. The celebration of the national birthday, at West Union, was on Saturday, July 3, 1869. The meeting at the grove was a grand success. It was esti- mated that 4,000 people were in attendance. The addresses were by Rev. Mr. Brocksome, Rev. Mr. Bowman and Col. Henderson. The Committee on Incor- poration was not ready to report, and the meeting was adjourned, to meet at the call of the President. The officers and committees of the Monument Association met at West Union, on Saturday, July 17, 1869, when Articles of Incorporation were pre- sented and adopted. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 445 The Secretary and Treasurer were authorized to procure books and station- ery, blanks, etc. This was the last meeting, and it is not a little singular that, after so much enthusiasm, the project was so suddenly abandoned, or rather, deferred, for the association is still in existence, although dormant. After Capt. Swank's death, in 1874, the project was partially revived. A meeting was held and some funds subscribed ; but the effort was spasmodic, and nothing definite was accomplished. There is a small amount of funds in the hands of the Treasurer, J. H. Lakin; but Fayette County, thirteen years after the close of the war, is still without a soldiers' monument. It is to be hoped, however, that before all the survivors have gone from earth, and their gallant deeds are forgotten, that Fayette County, rich in its natural resources and its intelligent population, will have erected a suitable monument to the memory of her heroic sons, who laid their lives on the altar of pur common country. THE COUNTY POOR AND POOR FARM. The county poor, previous to 1864, were provided for by temporary expe- dients. The young were bound out whenever possible, and the aged were boarded at various places, in their respective townships, at the expense of the county. In 1863, P. Dowse, D. Perrin and J. H. Ross were appointed a Com- mittee on Poor, and the increase in the number of people who were becoming county charges led the Board, on June 3, to instruct said Committee to investi- gate the matter to see if expense could not be saved to the county. Pursuant to instructions, the Committee, on June 4, 1863, recommended that a committee be appointed to inquire into the expediency of providing the county with a poor house and farm, and to report to the Board at its September session. The committee were appointed as follows : D. Gr. Goodrich, E. Z. Stowe and H. B. Hoyt. The committee made their final report June 7, 1864, and, after a lengthy preamble, recommended the adoption of the following resolution : Raolved, That a sum not exceeding two thousand dollars be and the same is hereby appro- priated from the county funds of Fayette County, not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of purchasing a suitable farm for the use of said county as a Poor Farm, and report at the next meeting of this Board. This resolution was adopted, and the committee reported September 5, 1864, as follows : Your committee appointed at your June session, 1864, to procure a Poor Farm for the use of Fayette County, beg leave to report that they hare procured a farm in lUyria Township, known as the " William Morras Farm," for the sum of two thousand dollars, the said farm to come into the possession of the county on the 1st day of October next. The location of the farm is as follows : South half of the southwest quar- ter of Section 9, and the north half of the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 16, Township 93, Range 7, being 142|- acres, inclusive. The committee also offered the following resolution : Be it resolved and ordered by this Board, That a sum not exceeding two thousand dollars be appropriated from the county funds of Fayette County for the purpose of purchasing teams, implements, repairing and making additions to the house, etc. ; and that the Committee on Poor Farm be authorized to expend so much thereof as may be necessary to put the said farm and Poor House in readiness to accommodate the poor of Fayette County the coming Winter. D. G. Goodrich, "I „ .„ „ T> T, > ujmmiltee. C. B. Bent, J This report was accepted and the resolution adopted. November, 15, 1864,- the committee reported that they had stocked the farm and employed Mr. L. M. Allen and wife as Stewards, at a salary of |500 446 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. per year, and stated that they were ready to receive boarders. In 1865, there were twenty-one paupers cared for; and in 1868, the old farcn becoming inade- quate to meet the demands of the county, the Supervisors began to agitate the question of disposing of it and applying the proceeds toward the purchase of a new one. Accordingly, in June, 1868, D. B. Herriman bought the old farm for $2,000, and the Board purchased the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 6, Township 93, Range 8, containing 181.23 acres, at f5.50 per acre ; the west quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 15, being ten acres of timber, at $20 per acre, and the west front half of the northwest quarter of Sec- tion 6, Township 93, Range 8, at $6.00 per acre. It was not improved, how- ever, until 1869, when the house was built and William Moore engaged as Steward. The present (1878) Steward is A. Teats. The farm is in fine con- dition and a credit to the county. The present number of inmates is 26. COUNTY OFFICERS A. D. 1850 TO A. D. 1878. (Until the establishment of the Township Supervisor system, in 1860, there are no records of elections in Fayette County, and the roll of oflScers prior to that time may be incomplete.) COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. William Wells, Jared Taylor, Charles Sawyer, 1850-51 ; Clerk, Charles M. Jones. (Office abolished in 1851). COUNTY JUDGES. Thomas Woodle, 1851, died in office May 12, 1854 ; M. V. Burdick, acting, May to August, 1854 ; Gabriel Long, 1854, ceased to act April, 1855 ; C. A. Newcomb, April 1855-7 ; Jacob W. Rogers, 1857, resigned January, 1861 (confined to probate powers when the County Board of Supervisors was cre- ated) ; H. N. Hawkins, 1861-6; John Ecker, 1866-7; H. N. Hawkins, 1868, resigned Jan. 8, 1869 ; Jason L. Paine, January to October, 1869 ; Hiram Hoagland, 1869. SUPER VISORS. In 1860, the County Judge system of county government was abolished, and a board consisting of one Supervisor from each civil township was consti- tuted. One-half of the first Board served one year, and the other half two years, after which ten members were elected annually. For 1861, Samuel Crawford, Chairman; H. W. Earll, Matthew Arm- strong, Charles Sawyer, H. B. Hoyt, George Burnside, C. D. Shambaugh,H. W. Zimmerman, J. B. Kingsbury, William Morris, Henry Gibson, 0. C. Kent, J. B. Stephenson, J. L. Bruce, Ira Burbank, S. C. Crosby, E. De Mott, C. A. Newcomb (resigned, L. Fuller appointed to fill vacancy), Clark Newcomb, William HoUiday. For 1862, Thomas Douglas, Chairman; Matthew Armstrong, George Burn- side, Samuel Crawford, E. De Mott, William Holliday, 0. C. Kent, William Morras, C. D. Shambaugh, H. W. Zimmerman, A. H. Fox, H. W. Earll, H. B. Hoyt, J. B. Stephenson, Ira Burbank, William Blackett, S. C. Crosby, J. B. Kingsbury, Thomas Douglass, W. F. Lackey, Henry Gibson. For 1863, Thomas Douglas, Chairman ; Hiram Hoagland, H. B. Hoyt, J. B. B. Kingsbury, Henry Gibson, W. F. Lackey, Ira Burbank, S. C. Crosby (resigned, vacancy filled by E. R. Miller), William Holliday, Andrew Ains- HISTOKT OF FAYETTE WrSTT. 447 -worth, H. S. Branson. Philander Davis, Philip Dowse. A. B. Dickey. D. G. Gtiodrich. D. B, Herriman. John W. Hobson, Daniel Perrin. J. H. Ross, E. Z. Stowe. For 1864. Thomas Douglas, Chairman ; A. Ainsworth, H. Augir. F. H. Ohapman, M. D. Clark. P. Davis, E. ElweD, P. M. Freeman. D. G. Goodrich. H. Hoagland, J. W. Hobson. Wm. HollidaT. Wm. C. Marr, James Mettlin. D. Perrin. J. H. Ross. E. T. Sume. William Taylor. Orson Ward, A. B. Dickey. For lSt>5. Aaron Brown. Chairman : H. Angir, J. E. Bndd. C. R. Bent, M. D. Clark, Wm. Colby. L. P. Finch. P. il. Freranan, D. B. Herriman. Daniel Hills. Hiram Hoagland. Asahel Hancock. B. Hough. Rud Parker. C. D. Shambaugh, X. W. Spears. E. Stedman. J. W. Sidnam. Wm. Taylor. Oison Ward. For 1S6(>. N. W. Spears. Chairman : Harrison Au^ir. C. R. Bent, J. E. Bndd, T. J. Butcher. Wm. Colbv. G. E. ChampUn. R. Earie. S. P. Finch. A. J. Fdt, C- B. Gardinier. D. B. Herriman. B. Hough. B. F. Little. H. Mav- Mad, W. S. Phillips, B. H. Rop^ J. W. Sidnam. E. Stedman. Orson Wai^. For 1S(>7. X. W. Spe.irs. Chairman ; J. C. WUliams. J. W. Sidnam. John Wdtb, G. A. Appelman. B. H. Ropes. L. P. Finch, Adam Becker, Henry :&jnard. D. B. Herriman. G. E. Champlin, B. E. Hough. T. J. Butcher. William S. Phillips. Orson Ward. C. B. Gardinier. Chas. Hovt, Richard Earle^ Wm. Ash. G. M. MeGreery. For 1S6S. y. W. Si>ears. Chairman ; H. Hoagland, J. W. Sidnam. John WdA, G. A. Appehnan, B. H. Ropes. L. P. Finch, A. Becker, D. B. Herri- man. A. Spew. L. D. Wellman. T. J. Butcher, W. S. PhiUips. B. F. Rodgers, C. B. Gardinier. Chas. Hovt, G. W. McCreerv. R. Earle. William Tavlor. S. B.Zd^er. For 1S69. X. W. Spears. Chairman : H. Hoagland, William F. Wade, John Wd)b. D. G. Goodrich. B. H. Ropes. L. P. Finch. A. Becker, Wm. Tavlor. Ed. Elwell, A. Spear, B. E. Hough, T. J. Butcher. F. Kidder. Ira Utter. 0. B. Gardinier. J. Bndd. Wm. Colby. R. Earle, S. B. Zeigler. For 1S70, X. W. Spears. Chairman: I. S. Lame. W. T. Wade, S. Craw- fed. D. G. Go.>irich. B. H. Ropes. E. H. Gray. A. Becker. William Taylor, K Eiwell. A. Spear. B. E. Hough. J. Patterson, W. S. Phillips, G. Chamber- bin, C. B. Gardinier, J. E. Budd, Wm. Colby. H. S. Branson. C. R. Bent. (Township system abolished April 4. 1S70. and succeeded by a board of titree elected by the county, i For 1S71. H. S. Branson. Chairman : Alden Spear. Edwin Stedman. For 1872. same. For lS7o. H. S. Brunson, Chairman ; Edwin Stedman, F. Snedigar. For 1874, H, S. Branson, Chairman ; F. Snedigar, Hiram Hoagland. For 1S75. F. Snedigar. Chairman : Hiram Hoagland. P. S. Champlin. For 1S76. Hiram Hoagland. Chairman ; P. S. Champlin, A. Probasco. For 1877. P. L. Champlin. Chairman ; A. Probasco. Samuel .Johnson. For 1^78. A. Probasco. Chairman ; Samuel Johnson. -J. A. Stevens. CLEBKS OF COrRTS. Jacob W. Rogers. 18.5 afraid she would not let me hunt any more." A LOST CHILD. (The following truthful and amusing sketch was furnished to the historian by a young lady of West Union Township too late for insertion in its proper place :) One gloomy Saturday morning in the Spring of 1852, a lad named Abra- ham House, living with his parents on Section 2, Town 94, Range 8, strayed away from home into the timber. Of his wanderings through the woods nothing is known ; but when evening came, he did not come home. The news spread rapidly, and soon friends and neighbors gathered around the sorrowful family to comfort them and drop the tear of sympathy over the imaginary fate of the boy. One member of the family went to West Union, and solicited the aid of the citizens in the search. During the night, a few men were searching for him, while the women at home were wringing their hands and weeping. One was particularly noticed, who was sadly repeatiug : " This is a mournful occasion ; this is a mournful occasion." But as the bright and pleasant Sunday morning dawned, renewed hope came to the hearts of the stricken ones. All the inha,bitants of the quiet village of West Union started en masse to help in the search. Coming to the residence of Mr. House, they formed a long procession from the Clermont to the Elgin roads. For about two hours, the search con- tinued, when Judge AVoodle met a gentleman about six feet in height, with no look of pain or trouble upon his contenance, who had the appearance of a hun- ter. He was walking leisurely along, when he noticed the throng of men, and on his inquiring the trouble, the Judge replied : " We are looking for one House, who is lost." The hunter answered, " Well, I suppose I'm the chap." Soon the shout of " Found ! found ! " pierced the morning air, and echoed along the road and through the timber. All rushed as quickly as possible to the spot, expecting to see, lying in a bloody, mangled heap, the form of a child who had met with some savage monster of the wood, and came to a sudden, terrible death. Imagine their astonishment, when they saw a youth, seventeen or eighteen years old, who had wandered from home and friends the night before, and found shelter with a family named Peters, living on Otter Creek. Those who had aided in the search, after being hospitably entertained at the house of House, returned to their homes, greatly amused with their search for the "lost child." REMOVAL OF THE INDIANS. The last appearance of Winnesheik in the vicinity of Fayette County was in the Winter of 1860-61, when he camped with some twenty followers near HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 485 Jaoiesville, Bremer County, about four months. He was deposed from his posi- tion shortly after reaching Crow Wing, and being dissatisfied with his lowered i-ank, persuaded his own band to follow him to Kansas. Late in February, 1861, the Winnebagoes in Minnesota, hearing of his whereabouts, sent a mes- senger bearing a request that he should return and resume his former position at tne head of the nation. To this he consented, and returned to his people in May of that yeai\ PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. The introduction of this Order into Fayette County dates from November 22, 1872, when Jefferson Grange was established, followed in a year or two by fourteen others, as follows : Long Grove, No. 738, Maynard ; Star of Smith- field, No. 739, Smithfield ; Waucoma, No. 819, Waucoma; Hope, No. 866, Harmony, No. 960, Maynard; Center, No. 962, Randalia; Hurricane, No. 966, Fayette; Bethel, No. 1053, Bethel Township; Hawkeye, No. 1083, West Union ; Oriental, No. 1089, Windsor Township ; Union, No. 1165, West Union ; Spring Valley, No. 1570, West Union ; Eden, No. 1630, Eden : Rolling Green, No. 1571, West Union. At present, two of the fifteen ai-e practically dormant. FIRE INSURANCE. At the meeting of the County Council, in April, 1874, steps we're taken by that body to organize a Farmei-s' Insurance Company. Nine Directors were appointed, by whom the formation of the company was completed in January, 1875, undei- the title of " Farmers' Mutual Insurance Association." The Board luis restricted the amount of insurance in any one risk to $3,000, and no policy is to exceed two-thirds of the value of the property. The only loss that the Association has yet met with was in October, 1876 — a loss of $300. The Association has now about 200 policies in force, insuring about $200,- 000 worth of property. Andrew Ainsworth, of Faii-field Township, is President ; J. M. Lewis, of Randalia, Secretary ; J. C. Parker, of Eden, Treasurer. LIFE INSURANCE. The "Mutual Aid Association " of the Patrons of Husbandry of Fayette County was organized March 31, 1876, at Randalia, with P. L. Champlin as President ; G. W. Chamberlin, Vice President ; James Graham, Secretary ; J. C. Parker, Treasurer. The Association is based on the same principles underlying other co-operative insurance associations, an admission fee being charged, and the members being assessed in the event of any death among the Dumber. The number of insured at the present time is quite small. One death has occurred. By recent action of the officers, the Association has decided to &dmit any one to memberehip, whether a Patron or not, provided he can pass the usual medical examination. It is believed that this action will have a stim- ulating effect on the growth of the organization. The place of meeting of the Association is at Randalia. The officers first elected still retain their positions, with the exception of Mr. Chamberlin, Vice President, who has been succeeded by I. S. Coates. 486 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. OBLWEIN ELBVATOB COMPANY. This association was organized and incorporated in February, 1874, with a. capital of about $4,000, in $20 shares. The company built the elevator during the same year and did the business themselves for about twelve months, since which time the property has been rented, and pays 10 per cent, on the invest- ment. John Secord is President of the corporation ; William Codling, Vice President; P. L. Champlin, Secretary; M. L. Higby, Treasurer; Thomas Hanson, B. B. Hough, John McRae, Directors. THE patrons' joint STOCK COMPANY is composed of members of the Order in the vicinity of Eden. This company has a general store at Eden, which is doing a successful business. The capital has recently been increased, in order that the store can be kept supplied accord- ing to the needs of the community. The company was organized in 1874. THE removal of THE INDIANS. Mr. J. B. Sperry, now a respected citizen of Fayette, was in the employ of Rev. Mr. Lowry, in the Spring of 1848, and was by that gentleman persuaded to enlist in Capt. Morgan's volunteer company of dragoons, then doing garrison duty at Fort Atkinson. As stated elsewhere, J. C. McKenney was First Lieutenant of the company. David S. Wilson, now Judge of the Ninth Judi- cial District, was Second Lieutenant. These particulars, and those which fol- low, are furnished by Mr. Sperry. The preparations were completed about June 1, 1848, and the Indians on the Reserve were summoned to meet south of the Fort to commence the march. They were very much dissatisfied with the prospect, and held a great council, presided over by Winnesheik, to deliberate on the situation. The resolution agreed upon was that they would not go. When this determination was com- municated to Oapt. Morgan, he sent a detachment from the fort, with a twelve- pound cannon, to an eminence south of the Indian camp. A battle was momen- tarily expected by the soldiers, but the Winnebagoes concluded to yield, and agreed to go. The march began June '8, 1848. "No event of importance occurred until the troops and Indians reached Wabashaw Prairie, near the Mississippi. Here, Winnesheik fell in with a Sioux chief, Wabashaw, who was a relative of the former. The Sioux chieftain proposed to Winnesheik to settle down by him with his whole tribe, and offered to sell him a tract of land some thirty miles square. Winnesheik and his tribe, 2,900 in number, eagerly fell in with the offer, and made up their minds to go no further. Capt. Morgan and Rev. Mr. Lowry, to avoid bloodshed, sent out couriers to the neighboring Sioux chiefs, and also to the commanding officer at Fort Snelling — to the former to have them assemble and disapprove of Wabashaw's real estate speculation, and to the latter for more troops. The nobility of the Sioux gathered at the camp with great celerity, and indignantly put a veto on Wabashaw's proposed sale, remind- ing him,- at the same time, that he had exceeded his power. About the same time, the detachment from Fort Snelling arrived on the steamer War Eagle, with two field pieces — and just in time, for Little Hill's band, the best educated and the most troublesome body in the nation, had just decamped and were well started back to their old camping place on the Turkey. A squadron of Capt. Morgan's company followed, caught up with them and drove them back to Wabashaw Prairie. As many as possible were then persuaded to emtark on the HISTORY OF FATETTE COrNTY. 487 War Eagle, and forwarded to Forr Snelling. The boat made two or three trips before the " sons of the forest," sqaaws and papooses, were debarked under the- gans of the fort, nearly two months having been consumed in removing them thus fer. The subsequent part of the journey to Long Prairie was comparatively oneTenfful, and when the Indians and their energetic Agent reached their new T^ervaUon. the volunteer dragoons returned to Iowa to be mustered out, Mr. Sperry among the rest. This gentleman returned to Fayette County to become «Hie among the very few pioneers of this county who yet remain to assist the hisFonan in preserving the event that marks the transfer of its groves, streams and fertile prairies to the dominion of the pale face. WEST OflON— TOWX AXD TOWNSHIP. Much of the early history of West Union has been necessarily included in the general history of the county, as it was the first town in the countv and was sdected as the county seat. The township, as created by the County Commis- siemers of Fayette County in 1850. is identical with Congressional Township Xo. 94. north of Eange S west, but it included a portion of Township 94, Ranwe- 7, and Township 95, Range 8, as erected by the Commissioners of Clavton County in 1849. The surface is rolling, with steep hlufls along the Otter Creek in the eastern central portion. The soil is a deep, rich loam, clayey in the northern and east- era portions, and somewhat sandy in the southwest, bearing both wet and dry weather remarkably well, and seldom feiiing to reward the industrious &rmer with feir harvests. About one-third of the area of the township is covered with timber, mostly on the eastern part. The prevailing varieties are white and red oak, maple, cbn, Unn or Iwisswood. butternut, hickory, black walnut, box elder, with an occasional pine and cedar. Several very fine and valuable sugar maple groves graced the forests in early times, but most of them have fallen before the wood- man's axe to famish fuel and lumber. A fine one yet remains on the farm of Mr. Jacob Hover, about a mile east of the town of West Union. The township is watered by Otter Creek through the center, from west to east, while excellent springs of pure living water are numerous. Good water is generally obtained from wells at various depths from fifteen to forty feet, and above rock, except in a few instances. The township was a portion of the Winnebago Reserve until 1848. A &vorite camping ground of the Indians was on Section 16, west of the north bnnch of Otter Creek, on the present farm of Mr. J. Messingham, formerly H. W. Muse's place, and south of the present residence of Mr. J. C. Mont- gomery (formerly the home of Jacob Cory, W. C. Ashby. D. W. Hall and B. H, Sampson, successively). Small hunting parties of the Indians encamped tiiere several times after the township was settled by the whites, and as late as the Winter of 1857-8. and their lodge poles could be seen there for many years afterward. The first to locate on this township were Lorenzo Button, Henry Jones and Charles M. Jones, who selected a spot for a home on what was afterward Section i>, in July, and Mr. Thomas J. Smith, who arrived about the same time. Smith B beUeved to have built the first cabin in the township, about the 15th to the lOth of August. 1848. on the farm now owned by Remembrance Lippincott, •hont a mile east of town. Mr. WiUiam Wells and Gabriel Long were here at 488 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. the time, and helped to cut the logs and to make the "shakes " for the roof. Mr. Button and the Joneses returned to their location and built a cabin in Sep- tember following. David Smith settled on Section 16, in the Fall of 1848, and Morris B. Earll and Jacob Cory on Section 16. Henry F. Smith located near them, on Section 9. Jacob F. and Henry Smith (sons of Henry F. Smith), spent the Winter of 1848-9 here. Absalom Butler settled here in April, 1849; George Smith, April 22 ; William Wells, April 23 ; William Redfield, Frank- lin Bishop and Stephen Bailey in May ; Solomon Bishop and Gabriel Long, July 4 ; Jacob W. Rogers, with his wife and daughter Ada, and Jacob Ly Brand, September 7 ; Humphrey Tibbetts, October 25 ; William Felch and his two sons, Cephas and Richard, probably in October or November, 1849 ; Matthew Wells, Spring of 1850 ; Joseph W. Foster, July 4 ; John Phillips and Daniel •Cook, Sejptember, 1850 ; David Wells, Dr.. J. N. B. Elliott, 1850 ; William McClintoek, Henry C. Lacy, Phineas F. Sturgis, Thomas Woodle, Joseph H. Stafford, David Stafford, Edwin Smith, Porter L. Hinkley, in the Spring of 1851 ; J. G. Webb, September, 1851 ; John S. Brewer, Charles McDowell and others came in 1852 ; Isaac F. Clark, Myron Peck, John Gharky and others, 1853. Among other early settlers, the dates of whose settlement cannot now be ascertained, were James Carl, William Kilroy, Jonathan Ferrell, Jonathan Oru- zan, Eli Root, William Root (1849 or 1850), Thomas Ritchie, George Stana- bury, Elisha Van Dorn, Friend Dayton, H. S. Brunson, Joseph Deford, George W. Neff, Nicholas Butler, Willis T. Bunton, William Barnhpuse, John Salts- giver. The town of West Union was laid out in the Fall of 1849, and re-surveyed in 1850 (see general history). The site of the town was known as " Knob Prairie," and was named " West Union," by William Wells, at the pioneer 4th of July celebration, 1849. The first survey was done by Brastus A. Light, assisted by Thomas E. Talbot. The first township elections are recorded elsewhere. The first house on the town plat was built by J. W. Rogers in 1849. Mr. Rogers was appointed Postmaster in January, 1850, and William McCloud carried the mail once a week between Elkader and Fort Atkinson, via West Union. Mr. Rogers' house being the first in the future city, he, of course, became the first hotel keeper, as strangers visiting this region insisted on stop- ping with him, refusing to go on if it was near meal or bedtime, as there was not another house in sight. The first store was opened by Ly Brand & Rogers in September, 1849, in a part of the dwelling house of William Wells, near the center of Section 17, and perhaps two rods southeast of the present residence of Mrs. Eliza, widow of William Wells. They kept a general stock of merchandise, which was removed to the house of Mr. Rogers about January, 1850, where the firm " kept store " until Mr. LyBrand removed to LyBrand, Allamakee County. Daniel Cook built a snTall store and stocked it in the Summer of 1850, and commenced work on a hotel building, on the corner of the southeast corner of Vine and Elm streets, m the Fall of the same year. The first law suit was before Henry F. Smith, Justice of the Peace, in 1851. George Stansbury had sold some dressed hogs to Daniel Cook. Cook, in turn, had sold one-half of one of them to M. V. Burdick, who had discovered a sus- picious spot on the neck of the dead animal, and returned it to Cook as being " diseased meat." Cook, wanted Stansbury to take it back ; but he refused, stoutly alleging that the meat was good. Cook thereupon commenced suit, which was duly tried before Justice Smith, and created considerable excitement WEST UNION -^ HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 491 in the little hamlet. The Justice decided that there was " no cause of action. It was afterward discovered that the hog had been killed by a gun shot, and the suspicious spot that had caused this trouble was occasioned by the bullet, which lodged in the reck of the animal. THE FIRST HOTEL. In the Spring of 1851, Daniel Cook, who had commenced a hotel building the previous Autumn, sold to J. H. & D. Stafford, who erected the Stafford. Hotel, known as such until it was purchased by S. W. Cole, and by him called the " West Union House." Chauncy Leverich was building antither hotel on the southwest corner of Vine and Walnut sti-eets, where the Descent House now stands. At the same time Leverich had purchased the land of William Wells, upon condition that he should have the house up and enclosed by the 4th of July, 1851. Mr. J. B. Hough, of Clermont, who helped build the " Leverich House," says that they raised the frame of that a few hours before the Stafford Hotel was raised ; that there was considerable rivalry between the workmen on the two buildings, to see which would get their frame up first. The Stafford Hotel was finished and opened first, however (see general history). A COMICAL RACE. During the Summer of 1851, Daniel Cook had a bear chained near his store, •which was near the back end of the building now known as the Stewart House, but known as the " Dayton House " in 1851. He was fattening the animal in anticipation of a grand Christmas shooting match. The boys and young men used to tease this bear by throwing sticks, etc., at him, and it was intensely amusing to them to see the bear start for them and be brought up " all stand- ing" when he reached the end of his chain. One day "Phin." Sturgis was amusing himself at the bear's expense in this manner, and had roused the anger of Bruin by poking sticks at him, until the animal started for his tormentor. " Phin "' ran the usual distance and turned, expecting to see the usual perform- ance when the bear reached the end of his chain ; but much to his surprise and terror, Bruin didnt stop. In some way the chain was broken loose from the post, and "Phin " found that he would have to " git " pretty lively if he wanted to escape a bear hug. He wasn't disposed to laugh now. There were no houses then on the east side of Vine street, and it was an exciting race. Stur- gis says: " I did my level best, and made splendid time, but the bear was €lose behind me when I reached the building on the corner where the Hobson boys have their job printing office now, and I had begun to think mv time had rNTT. 49i» ble propeny in the incorporate to^ni of West Union. Ordinance 2so. •> anthorixed the Mayor and Recorder to borrow monev for the use of the town, not to exceed STOO in amount, at 10 per cent, interest- Ordinance 2no. 7 pro- vided for the payment of each attendance at each session. $1.50 to each mem- ber of the Council, except the Treasurer, who received '■ the sum of two per coit. on all moneys paid out by him," and the Clerk received (in addition to the- §1.50) ten cents per hundred words for all writing done in connection with his^ duties as Town Becorder. J. J. Welsh was appointed Marshal, and J. J. Berkey Treasurer. Dr. W. A. Chase was appointed Health Officer. May 16, 1S66, a committee was appointed to inquire into the piacticabilitj of building a calaboose for the town. June IS. 1866. J. Bell was appointed Street Commissioner. For 1S67. Mayor. S. B. Zeigler ; Recorder, S. S. Seelv: Trustees. H. Wimber, L. Dershan, Noah PhiUips, George L. Xoble and B. Herserman :. Treasurer. J. J. Berkey. For 1S6S. Mayor, S. B. Zeigler: Recorder, S. S. Seelv: Treasurer. J. J., Berkey : Trustees, Myron Peck, L. W. Waterbury, H. J. IngersoU. Samuel Holton and S. Beattie : J. J. Beitey appointed Recorder, October 12th. to fill vacancy^ For 1S69, Mayor, S. B. Zeigler ; Recorder. James S. Wright ; Treasurer. J. J. Berkey: Tr^tees. L. W. Waterbury. S Beattie. D. W. Redfidd. S. Holton and M. Peck. February. 1S70. the town appropriated S:200 for the- purchase of foor fire extinguishers. For 1670, Mayor, S. B. 2^igler : Becorder. A. B. Ecker : Treasurer, C. H. Tafanadge : Trustees, J. S. Sampson, H. Wimber, E. N. Phillips. Samuel Hol- ton. Samuel Beattie. For 1S71, Mayor, S. B. Zieder; Recorder, A. B. Ecker; Treasurer, L> W. Waterbury; Trustees. C. T.'Xefzger. Myron Peck. E. H. Kinvon, A. H. Fox, John Bapp. April 3, 1S71. C. T. Xefzgt-r was appointed to confer with William Wells in re^ffd to getting a deed of the graveyard to the incorporate town of West Union. Deed was made and delivered to the Town Cotmcil Oct. 23. 1S71. For 1S72, Mayor. P. L. Hinkley: Recorder, William Cowle : Treasurer. L. W. Waterbury'; Trustees. John Rapp. John S. Sampson. C. T. Xefeger, H. B. Hovt. Hairy Wimber. August 9. I. F. Clark was appointed Recorder. viee WiUiam Cowle, resigned. For lS7o. Mayor. J. J. Berkey : Recorder, Wm. E. Welsh ; Treasurer. L. W. Waterbury; Trustees. John Rapp, George Ogsbury, Silas Beattie, I. F. Clark, Wm. Gruver. April 11, 1873, a resolution was passed directing the Mayor to " make, execute and deliver to the Board of Supervisors of Fayette County. Iowa, a quit daim of the public square, known as the Court House Square, in West Union, Iowa, in behalf of said town, whenever said Board of Supervisors shall appropriate the sum of S-3.000 for the building of a Court- House on said public square, and shall enter into a written contract with, responsible parties for the building of tiie Court House thereon." For 1874, Mavor, J. -J. Berkev : Recorder, E. B. Shaw : Treasurer, L. W. Waterbury ; Trustees. A. H. " Fox. Geoige Ogsbury. John S. Sampson. John Owens, John Cook. For 1^7.5. Mayor. Henrv Rickel : Recorder, P. L. Hinkley : Treasurer. L. W. Waterbury'; TrusteeL John Owens. Geo. H. Thomas. John S. Sampson. Jdm Cook, Milo McGlathery. Fd). 1, 1877, the Council issued bonds for the purchase of fire extinguish- ing apparatus, to the amount of S2.oij0. -500 HISTORY OF FAVETTE COUNTY, For 1876, Mayor, H. Rickel; Recorder, J. H. Donald; Treasurer, L. W. "Waterbury ; Trustees, Gr. H. Thomas, John Owens, E. B. Shaw, A. Gunsalus, ■John Cook. For 1877, Mayor, George Ogsbury ; Recorder, John 11. Donald ; ' Treas- urer, John S. Sampson ; Trustees, James Stewart, 0. E. Taylor, 0. McMaster :and H. C. Gunsalus. For 1878, Mayor, George Ogsbury ; Recorder, John H. Donald ; Treas- urer, A. K. White; Trustees, W. N. Hodgkinson, W. C. McMaster, B. W. Finch, James Stewart and 0. E. Taylor. RELIGIOUS. Methodist Episcopal Qhurch. — In 1850, the Otter Creek Mission was re-organized, with Rev. H. S. Brunson as Presiding Elder, and. Rev. S. H. ■Greenup and Rev. E. Howard, Pastors. West Union was taken up as an appointment, and a class organized, consisting in part of Mrs. Elizabeth Cook, Mrs. Lucinda Stafford, Jos. W. Foster and wife, Mrs. Ellen Cruzan, with G. P. Slayton as Leader, and Rev. J. B. HoUingshead and Rev. Elisha Hartsough as Local Preachers. The first Quarterly Conference was held two miles east of West Union, on a big rock. The first place of worship in West Union was the old log school house ; but in 1863, with Rev. Jos. R. Cameron as Pastor, a frame church was commenced, and finally completed through the energy and liberality of Dr. Fuller, C. R. Bent, J. S. Brewer and others. Here a Sab- bath school was organized, with J. S. Brewer as Superintendent. The society •continued to prosper under the pastorates of Rev. L. S, Ashbaugh, Rev. Isaac Newton and Rev. J. M. Rankin, until 1859, when the appointment known on the circuit as West Union was organized into a station. This was with many fears of inability to support a Pastor, but was finally ventured upon when Dr. Fuller became responsible for the Pastor's salary. At the next Annual Con- ference, Rev. G. Clifford was appointed as the first Pastor of West Union Sta- tion. The first parsonage was bought in 1855, during the pastorate of Rev. L. S. Ashbaugh. This was burned in 1859, during its occupancy by Rev. J. M. Rankin. The present parsonage was purchased, and has been improved from time to time, until it has become a very comfortable house for the Pastor. The present church was commenced in 1866, and carried forward to com- pletion during the pastorate of Rev. Wm. Fawcett, and at a cost of $8,000.00. The building was dedicated in the presence of an over-crowded assemblage, Jan. ■5th, 1868, Rev. Dr. Raymond, of the Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, 111., preaching the sermon. The music was under the direction of Prof. Mark Jones. Dr. Fuller, in behalf of the Trustees, presented the church for dedica- tion, but before this was done, the indebtedness remaining, some $2,500, Tvas pledged on the spot. The society now numbers 225, divided into eight classes, under the sub- pastoral care of C. R. Bent, R. Sampson, Wm. Edgar, J. S. Brewer, Jane Sampson, H. Rickel, John Riley and Devitt NeflF. The Board of Stewards •consists of C. R. Bent, A. E. Rich, II. Rickel, P. Clark, D. W. Clement, W, H. Huyck, R. Sampson and J. S. Brewer. Trustees — Dr. L. Fuller, Jos. Hobson, M. Peck, J. H Donald, C. T. Nefzger, P. Barnhart, J. J. Berkey, Wm. Ash and E. Kramer. The Sabbath school, under the superintendence of D., Vr. Clement, num- bers one hundred and fifty. The following Pastors have served the church since its organization in 1850: Revs. S. H. Greenup and E. Howard, 1852; Rev. .los. R. Cameron, 1854; HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 501 Eev. L. S. Ashbaugh, 1856 ; Rev. Isaac Newton, 1858 ; Rev. J. M. Rankin, 1859 ; Rev. Geo. Clifford, 1861 ; Rev. B. Webster, 1862 ; Rev. R. Swearin- gen, 1864 ; Rev. W. Smitb, 1865 ; Rev. H. S. Church, 1866 ; Rev. W. Faw- cett, 1868 ; Rev. R. N. Earhart, 1870 ; Rev. W. P. Watkins, 1872 ; Rev. M. H. Smith, 1874; Rev. J. R. Berry, 1875; Rev. J. B. Casebeer, 1877 ; Rev. D. Sheffer. Ladies' Aid Society — Mrs. Jane Sampson, President ; Mrs. H. Rickel, Vice President ; Mrs. Jennie Bushnell, Secretary ; Mrs. Dr. Darnell, Treasurer ; Mrs. M. Peck, Mrs. Wm. Heiseman, Mrs. M. C. Sheffer, Mrs. Benj. Heiseman, Mrs. W. H. Huyck and Mrs. D. W. Clements, Direct- ors. Women's Foreign Missionary Society — Mrs. M. C. Seffer, President ; Mrs. Wm. Cox, Vice President ; Mrs. Jane Sampson, Corresponding Secre- tary ; Mrs. Martha Jones, Secretary and Treasurer. Regular Baptist Church. — At a meeting of the Regular Baptist Brethren residing in West Union, at the house of Hon. Thomas Woodle, on the 23d day of October, A. D. 1852, Elder Thomas Ritchie, of Stroudsburg, Penn., and Elder Calvin D. Famsworth, of Colesburg, Iowa, were requested to sit as an Advisory Council with them. The meeting was opened by prayer. Elder Thomas Ritchie was called to the chair, and Friend Dayton was elected Clerk. The Council decided to rec- ognize them as a " Regular Baptist Church of Christ." The next day, 24th, the Recognition Sermon was delivered by Rev. C. D. Farnsworth, the Charge by Rev. Mr. Ritchie, and Right Hand of Fellowship by Mr. Famsworth. The original members were Lorenzo Dutton, Malinda Dutton, Francis Skel- ton, Martha Burdick, Livona Burdick, Friend Dayton, Sarah Ann Dayton, Baltos Dayton, Reuben Dayton, Thomas Woodle and Rachel Woodle. November 15, 1852, the little church again assembled at the house of Thos. Woodle. At this meeting, Lorenzo Dutton was Moderator ; Francis Skelton was elected Church Clerk, and Friend Dayton, Deacon. March 18, 1853, Elder J. Arnold was engaged to preach one-fourth of the time for six months. May 19, 1853, the church resolved to purchase a " lot of ground in West Union, in order to build a small house of worship on it, and that the dimensions of said house shall not exceed 20x26 feet." Job Arnold, Friend Dayton and L. Dutton were elected Trustees of the church, and were authorized to act as a Building Committee, and to circulate subscription papers to raise funds with which to build. In September, Mr. Arnold resigned as Trustee, and D. H. Hall was elected in his place. Elder George Scott was engaged as Pastor, for one year, his sal- ary to be §100. Like most other societies, this little church thought it could not build a house of worship without incurring a debt; and in November, 1853, Thomas Woodle was authorized to negotiate a loan from the American Baptist Home Mission Board, to "pay for the house of worship that the church is building." This church was built on the west side of Walnut street, on Lot 18, Block 13, West Union, and was completed and dedicated It is now occupied by W. N. Pierce, as a carpenter shop. March 18, 1854, Dayton, Hall and Dutton were appointed a committee to report suitable persons for Sabbath school officers. About this time, the church labored with Brother Arnold, received his confession and was satisfied. AprU 1, Brothers Woodle and Byam were elected Superintendents of the Sabbath School ; M. V. Burdick, Secretary, and I. F. Clark, Librarian. In 502 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. July, Elder Scott was called to continue his labors, and E. C. Byam was granted a license to preach. The records do not show when the house was finished or dedicated ; but August 5, 1854, the church voted to " expend what money there is in the treas- ury to repair the damage occasioned by the late storm." December 10, 1854, Elder Scott resigned. July 21, 1855, Brother A. G. Emery was licensed to preach, and invited to supply the church with preaching until a minister could be procured. Rev. J. H. Parmalee occupied the pulpit in 1856 ; and during the year, an effort was made to enlarge the church building. Rev. Myron Newill became Pastor of the church July, 1858 ; he resigned April 3, 1859 ; and August 20, Alonzo Abernethy was licensed to preach. The next Pastor was Rev. John Williams. The society was incorporated in 1861, Benjamin Morse, A. B. Collins, James Bell, A. E. Walls, A. Greshbacher and S. W. Cole being the corpora- tors. Rev. Mr. Hill was Pastor in 1864. February 3, 1866, the Trustees reported that they had sold the meeting house to the Lutheran Church, for $250 ; and asked what they should do with the money. Elder Starr was Pastor in 1867-8. In May, 1867, the church commenced the work of building a new church edifice, on Lot 6, Block 5, corner of Main and Vine streets, which was com- pleted, and dedicated January 6, 1870, by Rev. N. F. Ravlin, of Chicago. Deacon B. Morse reported the whole cost of the building to be $5,695.40. Rev. R. F. Powers was Pastor for a few months early in 1869, followed, in March, 1870, by Rev. C. G. B. Jackson, and remained two years. In August, 1872, Rev. Thomas Ure became Pastor, and continued until February, 1874. The church was destitute of a Pastor until February, 1875, when Rev. J. C. Douglass assumed the pastorate for six months, leaving the pulpit in August. Until August, 1876, the church was supplied occasionally, but at that time. Rev. M. H. Perry, the present Pastor, entered the pulpit. The present church officers are B. Morse, W. A. Whitney and F. Y. Whit- more. Deacon Morse has been Deacon of this church for nearly twenty years. Ansel A. Johnson, Clerk ; F. Y. Whitmore, Treasurer ; W. A. Whitney, D. Merritt and James S. Kent, Trustees. Not one of the original members are now members of the church. Present membership, about sixty-eight. Presbyterian Church. — For many years the Presbyterian element in and around West Union had no church of their order. The first attempt to plant a Presbyterian Church was made by the United Presbyterians ; but this failed. Some time after this, a petition to the Presbytery of Dubuque, in connection with the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, was presented, asking for the organization of a church in West Union. The following extract is made from the records of the Presbytery of Dubuque, at a meeting held at Littleton, Iowa, April 25, 1867 : A petition signed by twenty -five persons, of whom nineteen are church members, was pre- sented, a^iking for the organization of a church of our order at West Union, in Fayette County, Iowa. Mr. Je?se Philips, of that place, was heard by the Presbytery on behalf of the petition- ers. It was therefore resolved that the request be granted, and that a committee of three be appointed to organize a church at West Union, if the way be clear, at their earliest convenience. Revs. J. McKean and .1. D. Caldwell and Elder S. F. Glenn were appointed said committee. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 503 This committee met in West Union, June 19, 1867. A sermon was preached ty RcT. J. D. Caldwell, and was followed immediately bj the organization of the <f Fsyette. The church was bnilt the same season, by Robertson i West. The ■church was fonmllj dedicated September 2. the services being conducted bj ReT. Dr. Bhea, of Cedar Falls, assisted by die Pastor. Rev. C. W. Bnigess. ReT. Messrs. Hard. Anders-'n and ScobeT were also present. The cost of the bmldiiig was §1.^eriii:eiideiit. Mr. G. W. Burdick. was established in ApriL 1S7S. ¥iist Pastor. Rer. Mr. McMullen. who preached here about a year, commencing in the- Spring of 1S77 — befi>re organisation. The church was dedicated Feb- roaiy 10. 1S7S, by Rey. A. K. Baird, assis'ed by Rers. French and McMul- Jan. Rer. Mr. French is the present Pastor — every two weeks — &om Inde- pendence. Sunday S<;a>>Bl officers — Assistant Superintendent. Allen S. Payne; Secr(*ary. A. Kldier: Treasurer. Mrs. Amelia Maynard: Librarian. W. E. Davk. The coma- srone of the Presbyterian chnrdi building at Maynard was laid «ii Saturday. Septemb^ 29. 1877. after prayer and scripture reading by Rev. Mr. Burges. and an address by Rev. D. Russell. Deposited in the stone were copies of nearly all die county newspapers, and a summary pertaining to the building, eompiled &om the church ree-:>r>is. The building, now completed. 'is Mx5>> feet, and will seat o'JO persons. The edifice o>ir about $iOOO. The United Brethrrai Chnrdi was organized in March. 157^. by Rev. Mr. McCoimick : meet every two weeks. Mr. Sawyer is Leader, and Mr. -Jasiah r>avis is Steward- Meetings are held in school house. Sunday school evraty Sunday. Superintendent. Dow Conrad ; Renber Pember, Assistant Superin- tendent : Librarian, ilr. Packard. Fourteen memoers. FREMONT TOWXSmP. lie fiist sutler within the boundaries of Township 91. Range 10, was Carmi Hickox. who, on the 17th of May, 1S-S3, located on Section 17. on the edge of the latde Wapsie timber, and but a little way from that stream, where he »eeted his cabin. TTig nearest noghbor lived three miles south; the next nearest w^ three miles north, and other setders were about fifteen miles east. The first birth in this township was the piisthnmoiis son of Carmi and Eleetia Hickox. TTiTam C., who still lives in die township, a support to his modier in her declining years. The nest aetder was Bardett Obenchain, who came in the Fall of 1^53. and the nest Spring rented Mis. Hickox's &rm. In ISfrir. Joshua Birch setded at what is now called Corbly s trrove: and during the Fall of that year. Philip Obenchain, Easion Ship and John Fortsch als-:- made locadons. In ISoo. Peter Corbly setded at the grove which now bears iiis name. The other accessions during that year were A. B. Dickey, S. S. Leach, 2S. W. Spears and L. C. Dudley. Mr. Dudley built his first mansion of hay ; but. during the same year, boUt a frame house — the first in the township — ^the lum- ber for which was hauled frfm a miU four miles north of West Union, about twenty-eight nules away. lie order of the County Judge, establishing the township of Fremont, is dated Xovember -L lS-56. and on the 6th of ApriL IS 37. the first election was 564 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. held — S. S. Leech, S. R. Maclay and P. M. Corbly officiating as Judges; L. J. Curtis and N. W. Spears, Clerks. The place of meeting was at the house of R. W. Lawrence, then occupied by A. Ritchie. The officers chosen were H. W. Zimmerman, Justice; John Strong, S. R. Maclay and J. Burch, Trust- ees; L. C. Dudley, Clerk; C. Cline, R. W. Lawrence, Constables. Il^is said that the name of Fremont was bestowed at the suggestion of N. W. Spears. Other names proposed were "Little Wapsie" and "Jackson." At the first meeting of the Trustees, a resolution was passed, calling upon the Trustees of Oran for a division of the road money, voted prior to the sep- aration of the two townships. The first school officers were elected in December, 1856 : P. M. Corbly, President; N. W. Spears, Secretary; P. M. Obenchain, Treasurer. N. W. Spears taught school during the same Winter, in his own house, for a salary of $10 a month. He had seventeen pupils enrolled, some of them going a distance of three miles. When a heavy storm would rise, the teacher would keep his pupils all night. P. P. Obenchain kept an evening school during the same Winter. The first school house was built of logs, in the Fall of 1857, the citizens generally contributing labor to forward the enterprise. In August, 1857, the election was held at the house of N. W. Spears. Twenty-seven votes were cast, indicating a Democratic preponderance of nine. The first lawsuit, after the township was organized, was before John Strong, Justice of the Peace, in which John McCunnifi" was plaintiif and Nathan King defendant, the suit being on a promissory note. The trial was held January 5, 1868, with judgment for plaintifi". Rev. James Burch, a Baptist minister, held the first religious services in the township at the house of E. Ship, in the Spring of 1856. Mr. Burch was a local character, who is said to have learned to read after he was married. The Elder was very fond of hunting, and would occasionally hunt and preach on the same expedition. Rev. Mr. Allen, of VTest Union, a United Brethren minister, and Rev. H. W. Zimmerman, a Methodist, held meetings during the Autumn of the same year. The United Brethren Church was organized, in the Spring of 1857, by Rev. Mr. Murphy. The first members were P. M. Corbly and wife, John Strong and wife, Richard Lawrence, Oliver Kelly and wife, John Bessey and wife. The Methodist Church was organized, at the same time and place, by Rev. Mr. White, of Greeley's Grove Circuit, the members being H. W. Zimmerman and wife, N. W. Spears and wife, Joseph Chichester and wife and Mrs. Ange- line Morehouse. The moving cause of the organization of both these churches was a very successful revival held just before. Rev. Peter Colgrove settled in Fremont in the Spring of 1859, and, during the Summer, baptized five persons in the Wapsie. He brought the first melo- deon to the township.. Mr. Colgrove died in August, 1860. The first marriage in the township was solemnized by H. W. Zimmerman, in October, 1859, the parties being S. R. Maclay and Miss Elizabeth Corbly. The construction of amill was begun, in 1856, by James Obenchain, but he disposed of the property, before much work was done, to Joseph Chichester, who selected another site — on Section 30 — and completed the mill. In 1860, Mill Post Office was established, with Mr. Chichester as Post- master. Three road districts were established about the time the township was- organized. In March, 1858, another district was established. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 565. Early in 1857, A. B. Dickey donated an acre of ground on the southeast part of his farm for a cemetery, and the first interment therein was the remains of a child of Nathan King. ^ The brick school house on Section 33 was built in the Fall of 1859, by Peter Colgrove, assisted by James F. Babcock, the latter teaching the school the following Winter. The " White " school house was erected, the following year, by H. L. Mat- thews. First teacher, S. C. Beck. The "Red" school house was built, the same year, by Charles Goodrich. First teacher, N. W. Mallery. The " McSweeny " building was constructed in 1867, by E. T. Older. First teacher, Anna M. Older. The "Baker" school house was not built till 1869. Mrs. Augusta Baker was the first teacher. During the war, a Soldiers' Aid Society was formed, the ofiicers of which were: Mrs. N. W. Spears, President; Mrs. L. C. Dudley, Secretary; Mrs. E. T. Older, Treasurer. The society did very much in collecting and forwarding needed supplies to the boys at the front, who were enduring the privations and dangers incident to the soldier's life. A union Sabbath school was organized in 1864, with John Dickman as Superintendent. In January, 1876, as Dennis Madigan and his brother, residents of Fre- mont, were loading logs, between Cornhill and Wadena, a huge log escaped, by the breaking of a chain, rolling back upon Dennis and breaking his leg in three or four places, from the efiects of which he died a day or two after. The Methodist Episcopal Church edifice, in this township, was dedicated for worship June 30, 1878, Rev. R. Swearingen, Presiding Elder, officiating. After the services, a basket dinner was disposed of in the grove near the ■church. OELWEIN. [Jefferson Township.) This flourishing town, located on Section 21, dates its birth from 1873, when it sprang into existence with almost the same rapidity that characterized the building of Aladdin's palace in the Arabian tale. There were no genii pres- ent, however, save the spirit of the age, which has a strange facility in despoil- ing one town of its business in order to lay the foundation of a new and more flourishing one. The place was first named Hazleton ; but the name was soon dropped, and the name of a respected German farmer and pioneer settler of Jefferson Township substituted. The first buildings erected in Oelwein were constructed hastily, in October, 1873, by business men of Independence, who were anxious to retain the profit- able business they had enjoyed from this part of Fayette County. King & Kenyon were the first to begin business, their building being stocked with hardware. N. 0. Lawton opened a stock of dry goods soon after, and M. A. Campbell started in the grocery trade in the same building. Before New Year's, 1874, Mr. Von Ferber and Applegate Brothers started stores, and quite with the same promptness. J. C. Miller removed his building from Otsego and started a drug store, and Irvin k Bennett built a frame structure, 25x40 feet, to be used as an agricultural warehouse. L. Ellingwood, M. Free- man and D. Madison began the blacksmithing business. 566 HISTORY OF FAYKfTE COUNTV, The post office was removed from Otsego by Dr. Pattison, which practically •ended that village. A lumber yard was started, also. The JeflFerson House was completed November 1st by J. H. Kerwin, and it was not till the 12th that the railway ■depot was completed. Thomas Hansen erected a building, which was occupied by L. Soener as a harness shop, and another was completed by Benjamin Davis. Three grain warehouses were also made ready for business about the same time. Sixteen buildings, all but one representing some kind of business, having been got ready in about as many weeks, the town began to attract attention as a desirable business location, and in the next two years the growth was almost wonderful. At the end of 1876, the town boasted of about forty business men or firms. A newspaper — the Oelwein Clipper — had been established, but its proprie- tor lacked the " snap " to grow up with the town, although it gave him a hearty support. A bank, owned by Hoagland & Jamison, had begun operations, and, in 1876, ■drew $13,000 of exchange — an indication , of the importance of Oelwein as a shipping town for stock and grain. In 1874, the members of Jefferson Grange built a good sized grain elevator, at a cost of $4,000. CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES. The Free - Will Baptist. — This society built a church in 1875 on Frederick street, which cost, when completed, $1,200. The society was organized in March, 1875, with thirteen members, under the ministration of Rev. C. B, Messer. In May following, the subscription for the church edifice was started, and the work ■began in June under the direction of P. R. Ilillman, H. W. Saunders and N. Howell as Building Committee. The church was completed in November, and dedicated the following month, Prof G. S. Bradley, of Wilton Collegiate Insti- tute, officiating. Rev. C. B. Messer remained as Pastor for some time after. Rev. H. J. Brown is now in charge, having been installed Jan. 1, 1878. R. W. Bell, H. W. Saunders and Jesse are the Trustees. United Presbyterian. — This society was organized in Irvin's Hall, Sept. 24, 1875, by Rev. J. Sawhill, sixteen persons enrolling themselves. The first Elders chosen were John McLachlan and William Edgar ; Trustees, John Jam- ison, John McLachlan and James Colvin. The subscription for the church building was mainly obtained by the solicitations of Mrs. George Brown and Mrs. William Kennedy. The edifice was completed at a cost of $2,500, July 2.'S, 1876, and dedicated Jan. 28, 1877, Rev. D. Russell, of Manchester, preach- ing the sermon on that occasion. A. McMillan, the present Pastor, preached here as a missionary worker July 1, 1875. Roman Catholic. — The first meeting held by the communicants of this faith to deliberate on the question of building a house of worship was held in June, 1876. The project was agreed to, and James Connelly, John McDonough and J. H. Kirwin were chosen a Building Committee, who proceeded to business by awarding the contract to B. Little. The church is completed, but has not yet been dedicated. Its cost is about $1,500. Rev. T. Murtha, of Fairbanks, is Pastor. Regular Predestinarian Baptist. — This society, in ago, ranks among the first organized in the southwestern part of the county, having been formed in 1855, under the direction of Elders Cottrell and Burch. J. B. Burch is the HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY. 567 present Elder; L. M. Burch, Deacon ; Asahel Hancock, Clerk. Meetings are held on Saturday before the first Sunday in each month. Methodist Episcopal Ohurch. — This body was organized in 1874, with twelve members, by Rev. Jacob Heald. Rev. R. Wolf is Pastor the present year. The Trustees of the society ai'e M. Freeman, C. Hughson, B. H. Bennett. The First Universalist Ohurch of Oehvein. — Formed in April, 1876, through the efforts of Rev. VV. J. Hicks, of Strawberry Point, with ten members. The memberehip has since increased to eighteen. Occasional meetings ai-e held in the Presbyterian Church. The officers ure William Bunce and E. J. Harvell, Dea- oons ; P. L. Champlin, John H. Miller, William Bunce, Trustees ; Mrs. P. M. Champlin, Clerk. The Baptist Church. — Re-organized in September, 1877, a previous society having become dormant. The present society was formed by the exertions of Rev. L. Ellingwood, and is now in a flourishing condition. Meetings are held every other Sunday at the Presbyterian Church. J. W. Drayton is Deacon ; Mrs. Clara Slocum, Clerk. The Union Sabbath School. — This school meets at the Presbyterian Church, the average attendance of pupils being about seventy. Mrs. Mary E. McMil- lan is Superintendent; S. C. Kenyon, Assistant ; Mrs. Anna Parish, Secretary ; Miss T. McCurdy, Treasurer. Eight teachei's give instruction. . Young Mens Christian Association. — This society was formed Dec. 1, 1877, with Rev. A. McMillan as President ; Rev. R. Wolf, \^ce President ; Samuel Irvin, Secretary; S. C. Kenyon, Treasurer. Since that time, Rev. Mr. Wolf has resigned, his place being filled by Rev. John Brown. The Board of Directors is composed of Jason Nicholas, Gr. S. Furwald, J. W. Dray- ton, Mrs. F. Clark, Mi-s. Slocum and INIiss T. McCurdy. The Association meets once a month fqr the transaction of business, and weekly meetings are held at the Presbyterian Church. Including ladies, there are forty-five members. SOCIETIES. • Hebron Lodge, No. 374, A., F. &; A. M., was organized under dispensa- tion March 4th, 1876, with ten members, all of whom were provided with an office, as follows: F. C. Kenyon, W. M.; B. Davis, S. W.; Henry AVinett, J. W.; D. 0. Hill, Treasurer; Phil Kane, Secretary; Wm. Bentley, S. D.; Oeorge Smith, J. D.; G. H. Murray, S. S.; E. D. Rogei-s, J. S.; L. Fraas, Tiler. Oelwein Lodge, No. :294, I. 0. 0. F., was organized by District Deputy W. A. Chase, Oct. 25th, 1874, with seven charter members. George Minkler was fii-st N. G.; E. J. Harvel, V. G.; Wm. Bentley, Secretary ; Mr. Wolf, Treasurer. The present officei-s are: Dr. I. Pattison, N. G.; G. W. Jamison, V. 6.; L. D. Wellman, Recording Secretai-y : William Bentley, Permanent Secretary ; H. A. Miller, Treasurer. Columbia Lodge, No. 83, A. 0. U. W., was organized by W. H. Burford, D. D. G. M., August 23, 1876, with twenty-nine charter members. The Lodge has now nearly forty members. Meets on Wednesday evenings. The officers are: W. H. Perry, P. M. W.; M. A. Campbell, M. W.; A. H. Blackman, F.; L Pattison, 0.; E. J. Christman, Guide; B. A. Barnes, Recorder; E. A. Haskell, Financial Secretary ; John Jamison, Recording Secretary; E. Sparks, J. W.; E. J. Harwell, 0. W. Oelwein Lodge, No. 44. I. 0. G. T., was instituted by Deputy H. Rickel, with nineteen members. E. L. Williamson was the fii-st W. C. T.; Frank Paign, W. S.: S. A. Kinyon is now W. C. T. The lodge has about ninety members. 568 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Jefferson Grange, No. 687, Patrons of Husbandry, was organized Nov. 22, 1872, with twenty-nine members. Alva Smith was made Master; 6. E. Champlin, 0.; Levi Joy, Lecturer; Minor Paign, Steward; N. S. Burch, As- sistant Steward ; Rev. C. N. Martin, Chaplain ; Chris. Smith, Treasurer ; G. W. Smith, Secretary ; Hiram Hanson, Gate Keeper ; Amanda Martin, Ceres ; Susan Westcott, Flora; Susan Smith, Pomona; Hannah Paign, Lady Assistant Steward. Wm. Bentley is now Master; W. S. Preble, 0.; B. H. Bennett, Lecturer ; Abel Bentley, Steward ; G. S. Moore, Assistant Steward ; Alva Smith, Chaplain; B. H. Bennett, Treasurer; P. L. Champlin, Secretary; John Hockings, Gate Keeper ; Susan Smith, Ceres ; Maria Bennett, Pomona ; Mrs. P. M. Champlin, Flora ; Mrs. E. J. Bentley, Lady Assistant Steward. The Grange has thirty-six members. Meets Tuesday evenings before full moon. MILITARY. Company F, Fourth Regiment, Iowa National Guard, was organized May 14th, 1878, and E. L. Williamson was made Secretary and Treasurer of the Company. As soon as practicable after the first meeting, uniforms were pro- cured. The Company is armed with Springfield breech-loading rifles, has its armory in Centennial Block, and meets twice a week for drill, in which it is becoming rapidly proficient. EDUCATIONAL. The first and second Winters of Oelwein's existence, its school population had to depend on a school house outside of the town. The Independent Dis- trict of Oelwein was formed, on the call of the Township District officers, April 24, 1875. S. C. Kenyon and W. M. Irwin were elected Directors, and a ten- mill tax was voted at the same meeting. The first school taught under the independent organization was in the Win- ter of 1875-6, a term of four months ; H. C. Bishop, teacher. In March, 1876, I. Bear, H. Minnett, B. H. Bennett and Gus. Oelwein were added to the Board. Miss A. M. Hough and Miss T. M. McCurdy taught the Spring term of the school, which was grajied also by the Board. The same ladies taught another term in the Fall, supported by subscription. In September, the Board bonded the district for $650, for the purpose of buying a building. The height of the building was increased, at an added cost of 1300. In March, 1877, Minor Paign, James Kerwin and A. McMillan were chosen Directors, to succeed Messrs. Minnett, Bennett and Kenyon. The present Board is composed of A. McMillan, President ; E. J. Harwell, Secretary ; H. Hoagland, Treasurer ; Minor Paign, Fred. B. Nute, H. C. Hol- lenbeck, G. A. Oelwein, H. W. Saunders, Directors. OTSEGO. {Jefferson Township.) This little village was laid out in 1856, on the northwest corner of Section 34. A post office, named Jefferson, was established here, about the same time, but it was soon after re-christened with the cognomen borne by the town. Mr. Woods opened a store here, and kept the post office till his death, which occurred about 1860. The first blacksmith was D. Hayes. The second store was started in thi» place by B. H. Bennett, followed by another kept by H. S. Day. HISTORV OF FAYETTE a>l"STr. 569 Later .xls was much increased — a great conTenience to the neigh- h(Hh«od. which was then far distant £n>m anv considerable town. Mr. Bennett louoved to Oelwein in ISTo. The adT«it of the raili»ad in Jefferson Township, passing within si^t of Otsego, and the location of the depot two miles awav. has preT«ited this ham- let fifom growing htigia'. at least fiw manr years. J EFFEE SON TOWNSHIP. The first settler in Township 91. Bange 9. was William Bunce. now residing in Baehanan Coonty. who made his claini and did some breaking in the Sam- mer of IS+S. The next to make locations were William Pitkin and Mr. Potter, who set- tled late in l>ol. and boilt a »bin on Section 3-5, on or near the 5p^>t formerly fltcapied by an Indian camp. Danid Gredey began to bnild a saw-mill in 1?^51. which he completed the fbUowing year. He was thai Uving in Baehanan County, where he married Ahnira Sayles. and firom whence he remoTcd to his milL when he had a house Rttdy for his bride. He died the following year. In ISoi Rev. James Boreii and Isom Edwards settled in this township. Hie former was a Baptist clergyman. His fenuly was composed of six sons and nro danghtets. In the Summer of IS-io, Mr. Edwards became sick, and died in the September following, his remains being interred in what is now Oehrnn Cemetery. In l>-5o. Benedick Bdt settled and bnilt a cabin, bnt soon after, becoming ^satisfied, he dispossed of his place and left. The same year. Aaron Belt and Makchi Clow ah<> chose homes in this fertile and attractiTe neighborhood. The same Tear the population was jweUed by the arrival of Asbury Belt. Thomas B«tley and Judson -Jarrett. The additions in lS>t were John Bnreh. Walter Sparks. E. W. Clark and James Hoboid and others. The same year. -\. G. Wickoff b^an to improve die pJace he lad entered in lS-51. but did not permanoutly settle on it till lSo6. Mr. Wickoff was a surveyor by profession. The first election was hdd in August. lr'04. at die boose of A. Ebridge. The Judges were James Barch. Thomas Beckley and A. Elridge : Samuel Her- rold. Clerk. Foorteen rotes were east, and the officers chosen were A. Elridge, James Borch, J. R Morehouse- Trustees : E. W. Clark. Clerk : Thomas Beck- ley. Frederick Oelwein. Justices : Lewis Barch. Constable. The township recrared its name during the day, the appellation of " Hoosier "" being rgected for the more statesmanlike title of "-Jefferson." The first marriage celebrated in the township was that of Mr. N. Borch and Miss L uisa Garrett, in IS -50. In the Fall of l-^Sl. the settlers decided that the time had come to erect a temple of leamins. where the scienivs based on "Webster's Elementary." "BaT," "Mitchfdl" and " Primer " could be taoght and exemplified. Each setder agreed to haal a specified number of logs to the spot agreed upon, and whoi adl were drawn, they met and raised the edifice, covering it with a "shake" roof. The interior was finished with seats made of slabs. The desks were basswood boards, fostened to three of the walls, so that the pupils. vha diey dedred to improve in penmanship, woald foce about, and wiee rena 570 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. when they were ready to study other lessons. The upholstering of the desks and seats was done with a jack plane. J. Gr. Woods settled about the same time, and Mr. Beckley, believing the former to be well qualified for the office to which he had just been elected, resigned the office of Justice and had Mr. Woods appointed in his place. Two cases only appear of record as having been tried before Justice Woods, which were transcribed by Justice Bennett, who adds a memorandum that the docket of his predecessor consisted of one sheet of paper. Thomas Hanson came all the way from Yorkshire, England, to Jefferson, in the Spring of 1857, bringing with him his wife and three children. This new settler was very poor. He had neither team nor wagon, and very little money. He had ten acrea of breaking done, which he paid partly in work and partly in cash. The next Spring, to plant his crop, he must have a team. He borrowed some money and bought a yoke of two-year-old steers. His vehicle was a rude sled, made by himself. With this very insufficient outfit, he got through the year 1858 as best he could ; but he has now reaped a rich reward, for he has acquired a handsome competence in twenty years, in spite of his unpromising beginning. The first Fourth of July celebration was held near the Beckley school house, in 1860. On this occasion, James Beckley was badly burned by the explosion of a quantity of loose, powder. In June, 1864, Gen. Bell had a team of horses stolen about 8 o'clock in evening, from a shed where he had left them stand to cool off. Diligent search was made, but the animals were never recovered. The third school house in the township (log) was built in 1864, but in 1867 five frame school houses were erected in Jefferson, costing an average of seven hundred dollars each. The present officers of Jefferson Township are A. J. Farley, Isaac Scott and Homer Saunders, Trustees ; George W. Smith, Clerk ; Dr. W. Chase and E. J. Harwell, Justices ; Minor Paign and R. A. Hackett, Constables ; Jared Baldwin, Assessor. The old township records were destroyed by order of the Trustees, two or three years since. ORAN TOWNSHIP. Township 91, Range 10, forming the southwestern subdivision of Fayette Coun y, was first settled by an Irishman, whose name is now forgotten. This waif from the " Emerald Isle " built a little cabin and did some breaking on Section 17, probably in 1853. He did not remain long, however. This cabin was afterward occupied by William Way, now residing in Fayette. Those who followed the Irish settler above alluded to, were J. J. Roberts and Mr. Furcht. The immigration during 1 853 and 1854 was considerable, among them being Mr. Shippe, P. McCunniff, 0. C. Kent, L. D. Wellman and others. The first death occurring in the township was that of an emigrant, who, being sick, breathed his last in his wagon, and was buried at his last camping place. Old settlers do not recall his name, and it is probable that his death occurred in 1852. • The first marriage consummated was that of L. D. Wellman to Caroline Roberts ; Lyman Curtis, Justice of the Peace, pronouncing the words of admo- nition and union, October 5, 1856. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 571 The next wedding was that of John Minton to Betsey Kent, in the Winter of 1857-58. The second death in the township was that of Mrs. 0. C. Kent, in 1857. Her father was a Mormon Elder, and possessed the gift of "laying on of hands." The father visited har while she lay sick, but his power for once proved inefiFectual. The first school was held in a- part of P. McCunniff 's house, in the Winter of 1855-56, J. J. Roberts, teacher. The following Summer, a school house was built near McCunniff' s, Charles Robertson, builder. Charles Bennett wielded the birch therein during the Winter of 1857-58. A Baptist Church was organized in Oran, in December, 1855, with nine members. The first meeting was held at the house of Simon Schults. J. F. Reardon was selected as Moderator, and J. H. Ross, Clerk. The first church edifice was under the auspices of Methodist Protestants, near the north line of the township, in 1856. Charles Robinson did the carpenter work. The foundation was laid and the plastering done by Mr. Johnson. P. W. Hough built a saw-mill on Section 28, the same year. A careful search, by R. J. Young, Clerk, has brought to light the order creating the civil township, of which the following is a copy : To L. J. Curtis, Greeting ; Whereas, The County Court of Fayette County, Iowa, has formed a new township under the name of Oran, and embracing the Townships 91 and 92 north, in Range 10 west, you are hereby anthorized to call an election, by posting up notices in three of the most public places In the township, to be holden at the house of E. C. Abbott, on the first Monday in April, 1855, at 9 o'clock A. M., for the purpose of electing the fo)lc>wing ofiBcers, to wit : Two Justices of the Peace, two Constables, three Trustees, one Clerk, one Supervisor of Roads, one Judge of the Tenth Judicial District, one Recorder for the County, one Assessor, and a vote on the Prohibitory Liquor Law ; and this shall be your sufficient warrant. By order of the County Court. Gabriel Long, County Judge. The first election was held at the house of E. C. Abbott, on the 2d day of April, 1855. This township has made material progress since its first settlement, twenty- five years ago. Its population in 1875 was composed of 148 families, with an aggregate of 776 souls. In that year, there were 13,112 acres in cultivation, yielding, among other crops, 51,843 bushels of wheat, 80,793 bushels of corn and 1,087 bushels of flax-seed. There were 637 milch cows, producing 48,605 pounds of butter, and 1,946 head of swine. PUTNAM TOWNSHIP. The first settlement made in Township 91 north. Range 7, was by a man named Serving, in 1850, on Section 24. Serving soon after sold his claim to the Harrows, who, like him, remained but a short time. J. Brun bought out one of them and became the first permanent settler. Some of the first settlers in this township succeeded in getting their lands at 75 cents an acre. Preparatory tQ the organization of Putnam Township, named in honor of the hero of Revolutionary fame, the County Judge ordered an election to be held in April, 1855. The election was held, but the Clerk neglected to make a return as the law required, and the organization was necessarily deferred till the following vear. The electors voting in 1855 were R. Aldrich, Sr., R. Aldrich, Jr., Mr. McNary, W. C. Hicks, J. Hallowell, J. B. Squires, J. L. 572 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. Bruce and J. C. Folsom. Another election was ordered by the Judge for April, 1856, at which time the organization was completed, the meeting being held at the house of Samuel Joy. J. B. Squires and Samuel Probasco were •elected Justices ; Samuel Westcott, Joseph Hallowell, W. S. Warner, Trustees ; Alva Bush, Clerk ; Samuel Westcott, Assessor ; J. Rowley, Mr. Canfield, Con- stables ; Patrick Bears, Road Supervisor. W. S. Warner, Albert Bush and Joseph Hallowell sat as Judges, and Joseph Hallowell and Alva Bush officiated as Clerks. C. G. Wheeland, W. Hicks, Jay and James Squires also attended the election. In 1858, a Board of School Directors, composed of Solomon Joy, J. B. Squires and L. H. Abbott, was chosen, who proceeded to organize three school ■districts. The first school was taught by Mrs. Rowley in No. 1, for the pecu- niary emolument of $1.00 per week. The next school was in No. 3, followed by a term held in No. 2. Sub-District No. 4 was organized in 1859, and in the next two years, Nos. 5, 6 and 7 were formed. No. 11 was not set off till 1871. The first school house was purchased from Orvil Wood for fSO.OO, for No. 4. October 18, 1873, a petition was presented to the Board, signed by eighty- two voters, asking for a dissolution of the Township District system, and that the sub-districts be allowed to organize under the independent system. The election was held in December, and a majority given for the change. The township is now well settled, and every school district has suitable «ducational facilities. Up to about 1870, the farmers of Putnam made grain raising their principal reliance, but since that time much attention has been given to dairying, from which business they are receiving very satisfactory returns. For two or three years after the first settlement of the township, their grain had to be hauled to Dubuque, Elkader or McGregor, a long and tedious jour- ney, but since 1860, railroads have been built within a few miles, and the towns ■of Strawberry Point, Brush Creek, Independence and Manchester give ample facilities for marketing their produce. C. G. Wheeland, who was one of the first voters in Putnam, on reaching Dubuque, left his family there and started on foot to find a home to suit him, making a long trip through Iowa and Minnesota. Passing over the beautiful prairie composing this part of Fayette County, and observing the fertility of the soil, he selected his future home and proceeded without further delay to Dubuque to enter it. The township contains a post office, several church organizations, and Sab- bath schools are organized in most of the school districts. One lawyer and one physician attend to the legal and the physical needs of the community. There are three butter factories or creameries in operation. Bray ton & Castle started business in 1876, and at the present time employ three hands and make about 280 pounds of butter per day, which is shipped to New York. C. G. Wheeland & Co. and J. A. Harris are also in the same business, and in this industry,. Putnam at present takes precedence over any other township in the county. September 1, 1871, Samuel Morley was killed by being caught in the coup- ling of his own threshing machine, his ribs being torn loose from the, backbone. This township (91-7), is in the southeastern corner of the county, and is nearly all beautifully rolling prairie, watered by a few small streams. There is a little timber near the southeast corner. HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. 573 ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT Of Personal Property in Fayette County, Iowa, for the year 1878. TOWNSHIPS. o 1 -3 2 i 1 i g 3 ■3 > ai 1 1 Bhcop. 3 6 a 1 Aaboni 436 287 383 441 526 70 537 540 603 144 464 464 497 519 498 510 625 429 561 444 626 217 53S 116375 10760 12071 12625 12485 1583 19670 n03L 17964 4940 lo2oS 11160 15050 13895 1617C 17536 1S22C 1349; 14344 1365C 2261c 669J 182S( 19 4 18 24 4 S875 200 785 655 150 1084 697 746 975 872 108 1100 1358 1512 145 1212 loss 897 1291 1265 880 1886 1013 1406 1047 1298 150 1473 S8771 5211 6759 8267 6854 1040 216l S157 1175 47 416 472 528 268 942 129 887 82 765 1087 133 959 291 1903 8 84 33 1390 227 1275 445 2301 184 1394 28 2067 164, 1268 237 1250 651 1054 140; 6U 364; 1639 715' 2528 18 71 529 971 $3016 3mi^ .! 61| 849 ' 628 1113 Ontoi — * 356 2412 _ ' l.'i*! 1718 Oermont Incorporat'n 172 39 15 9 8 12 39 32 7 IS 18 3 S 27 15 1" 1650 775 300 300 500 625 1115 165 615 835 [ 90 430 865 520 730 115 9162' 1 ' 926 10883i- 1 183 2210 2054 lUrfield ~ 1-2323 1272 9201 8779 717S 10371 989C 7391 14Sie 7S4f 10331 806J 1067-. 13M 11531 376 4510 fcyette _ 4 42 252 3386 1 3 33 317 575 3060 Xl]»i^ 6425 24S 2962 Haai 1 39 L 213 6281 Pleasant Valley -.. 3246 310 2918 goott 4 52 85 190 2594 1167 Wertfield ■ 487 4994 West Union '• 968 7006 W. Union Incorpoiat'n \ 23 184 4 32j 710, 2072 Total imei. 1 S321S4 341. S12495 23503 8187925 11 S117 7111 S5424: 25850 ! S63591 ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT— Continued. ! TOWMSmPS. i i "3 i ■a 1 1 1 1 o 1^ Furniture. Curporatlon Stooka. s o n If 1. o 1. "a 1- u on < El AuboTD 22 S364 S46S0 $1760 $8700 600 2600 5605 1900 20505 26060 8660 27355 10840 4490 3890 3800 12106 3467 29663 2110 1017 4675 1603 28710 66833 1 5.500 $150 S1271 1 ! 19Ul 57^3 3 '\ 2 6 5 25.U $4609; Banks 17567 Bethel 20 29 29 25 10 32 50 73 560 640 760 835 239 766 966 1765 \ 851 2524 24 1411 276 1550 1107 3939 573> 1646 670 3063 1212 3993 1045 721 936 1102 2826 6730 1301J 25101 Center 4780 1100 38876 940 150 500 2510J Clermont IncorporaVa LoTer™ „ 6095 1400 4117 10536 12610 200 5285 2725 14250 "12048 1200 33341 "\iii 34 46K 61432 Eden 4o957 Ikiifleld 75341 Ikjette- 1 39011 33641 1 27 40 18 73 26 635 1060 416 1191 27M 300 63>i 31 6 64 24 32K 265^ 39 ^% 614 .32 161.1; 7" 33 34940 niTria. 910 .38953 Jolfetaon 80 ' 140 58276 37068 FleaeantTalley 25 66 78863 Putnam '.. 39736 Scott 11 9 6 28 166 3 290 340 145 880 4314 50 2K12 Smithfleld. 32688 Wotfield . 300 2152 23395 1600 1450 400 380 32712 West Union * 22 77756 W. Union Inooiporafa Windsor. 6850| 5218^1 970 203 170006 35M 18U 39469 TOtaL 664 M6201 SI 04572 SI 0505 . $280369 .fl2425.$52682 S1529 $38771! 363 4461 -i $1108447 674 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing the Valuation and Tax Levied in Fayette County, Iowa, For the Year 1877. NAMES or TOWNSHIPS OB CITIES. ^!1 •^■E Hm 5 ^t a Auburn Banks Bethel Center Clermont Clermont City.... Dover Eden Fttirfleld Fayette Fremont Harlau Illyria Jefferson Oran Pleasant Valley.. Putnam Scott Bmithfleld Westfleld West Union ■West Union City, Windsor 222886 143006 161286 186625 200662 83430 227614 190325 269168 120666 169269 173818 191299 226777 162008 240476 176691 143906 176548 300426 302404 217962 267462 171607 181642 222760 240794 100126 273016 228390 310989 144787 191122 208681 229658 272132 194409 288671 210829 172768 210667 250243 367711 362884 261642 619 34 331 90 344 63 468 26 696 83 618 12 434 17 611 U 276 84 368 94 431 97 442 666 66 362 01 696 80 401 16 837 08 423 67 404 14 1404 11 616 66 1038 68 668 80 689 13 936 62 1391 66 1036 28 868 33 1223 10 661 66 737 87 863 93 885 20 1113 11 724 04 1193 00 802 32 674 16 847 36 088 28 2808 23 1033 10 86 00 42 60 66 00 80 60 176 60 126 00 136 60 167 00 110 00 77 60 86 60 117 00 128 60 86 00 177 00 90 60 63 60 94 60 92 60 231 60 83 60 269 67 J 166 96 172 24 234 13 2 I 801 56 266 32 297 80 479 31 347 92' 358 97 86 28 101 21 247 01 64 22 250 30 601 69 207 28 369 86 160 00 396 03 162 43 192 41 272 84 266 68 297 66 233 34 $ 402 36 » 1611 IS-' 269 06 217 08' 305 75 137 93 184 48, 216 98 221 30 278 27 181 01 298 40 200 68 168 64 211 83 247 07 702 06 268 27 037 46 453 60 621 84 194 89 669 46 1166 73 689 60 848 61 2212 06 762 01 86 16 1648 09 207 86 837 38 665 64 134 43 1667 81 1288 04 2008 19 1300 m 1124 04 2U40 80 1379 OO 737 86 2072 US' 8474 40 1676 81 1392 6T 2348 68 1682 ST 1206 02 1027 ve 1B74 «S 2370 69 2105 30 (4468724 $6362460 $10636 14 S21070 34 $2292 50 $6267 61 $6490 78 $11608 15 $34081 1» TABULAR STATEMENT.— Continued. NAMES OF TOWNSHIPS OR CITIES. 1 i 1 1 a 1 i 1 1 1 6 St Total. $ 779 01 497 87 616 84 702 40 1 1043 76 777 26 661 26 917 31 413 73 563 41 647 95 664 10 834 82 643 01 896 20 601 73 506 60 e-M 62 741 21 \ 2106 18 774 81 $ 129 84 82 98 86 09 117 07 173 96 129 66 108 64 162 87 68 97 92 23 107 99 110 64 139 14 90 61 149 20 100 29 84 27 106 91 123 53 361 03 129 14 $ 259 67 166 96 172 24 234 13 347 92 269 06 217 08 806 76 137 92 184 48 216 98 221 30 278 27 181 01 298 40 200 68 168 64 211 84 247 07 702 06 268 27 $6370 26 2210 27 Bethel ... 4640 22 4080 76 Clermont Clermont City 4680 W Eden' 4626 05 Fairfield 7127 07 Fayette 419 83 66 90 4316 50 4035 48 6143 04 Illyria 8666 77 6017 8J> 862 01 181 01 4368 84 Pleasant Valley 7000 26 4081 00 gcott 8801 01 4037 01 Weatfield 6402 44 West Union 1226 60 21 09 13182 63 West Union City :.... Wlndflor 5610 7t $15802 96 $2632 76 $6267 61 $2046 33 $87 99 $3(12 01 $181 01 $116677 16- BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY -A. B B.R K "Sri -A. X I O N S . «gt agent cup.... " carpenter dk clerk Oo - company or county dir dealer fiir " ftrmer ro., - grocer V. A ..Iowa Volunteer Artillery I. V. C... Iowa Volunteer Cavalry I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infkntry tab '. Iab6rer naacli machinist mech mechanic mer merchant mfr manufacturer mkr maker P. , Post Office prop " proprietor S. or Sec Section St, street supt. superintendent Treas Treasurer WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. A BBOTT, ELI, farmer, Sec. 4. ADfSWORTH, LrlCIAN I.., attorney at law, office, corner of Vine and Ehn sts., residence on Auburn street; bom in Caaenovia, Madison Co., N. y., June 21, 1831 : removed to West Union in August, 1855. Mr. A. was Captain of Co. C, 6th Iowa Cavalry, having raised the company in Fayett* Co., principally ; he entered the army in September, 1 862 ; was mustered out Nov. 1, 1865. He was a member of the Sth and 9th General Assemblies, representing this district in the State Senate, also was a member of the State L^slatnre, 14th General Assembly ; represented this Congressional District in the 44th Congress. Married Mar- garet E. McCool Dee. 8, 1859 ; she was born in Lewisburg, Penn. ; they have had six children ; lost one son ; the living are James W., Lucretia E., Porter Lester, Willard, Joseph and Fred. Lee. Ainsworth, S. S., school teacher. ALCORN, WIIiLIAM. fi^rmer, See. 6; bom Jan. 28, i834, in Mercer Co., Penn. ; in 1854, came to Fayette ; in 1867, returned to Delaware Co., and returned to Fayette Co. in 1 877 ; owns 350 acres of land, valued at 811,000, and 82 acres in Delaware Co., valued at $2,000. Married Elizabeth Montgomery Sept. 7, 1865 ; she was born Sept. 1, 1843, in Delaware Co., Iowa; they have five children — Mary J., Geoi^ E., Carrie E., Archie and William. Are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Appleman, Louis, fiirmer, Sec. 24. Archer, A. J., harness maker. Archer, L. D. Armstrong, L., physician. Ash. Joseph, farmer. Sec. 33. ASH, WTLUAM, retired fSirmer, residence on Pine street ; born Aug. 1 , 1819, in Alleghany Co., Md. ; Oct^ 30, 1836, went to Tippecanoe Co., Ind. ; in 1846, went to Wabash Co., Ind. ; in 1858, came to West Union Tp., and settled on S. 33 ; owns 210 acres, valued at 840 per acre. Married Eliza A. Ashv Sept. 13, 1840; she was born Jan. 'l4, 1822, in Butler Co., Ohio ; had nine children — Sarah ^. (now Mi-s. Hough), Mary E., born Sept. 1, 1844, died July 7, 1870, was the wife of A. A. Davis ; Joseph C, Sibbia, born Aua;. 26. 1848, died Aug. 27, 1849 ; Henry W., Susan E., Jennie, William H. and Nellie B. Are members of the ?I. E. Church. Was Assessor one year in Indiana, and a member of the Board of Supervisors ; Republican. 576 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Askey, Flem,, farmer, Sec. 28. Askey, Jas. M., farmer, Sec. 28. ASKEY, JOHIV E., farmer, Sec. 28 ; born April 13, 1817, in Clinton Co., Penn. ; in 1820, went to Center Co. ; Pena. ; May 14, 1864, came to West Union; owiis 2:^5 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. Married Harriet Mc- Mastera May 20, 1847 ; she was born in Feb., 1827, in Center Co., Penn. ; had seven children, five living — James M., Fleming, Edwin G-., Eliza J., and Robert C. Are members of the M. E. Church. Askey, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 28. X)ERKEY, E. H. BALiDWimr, ENOCH, retired, res. on Elm St.; born March 1 0, 1785, in Mor ris Co., N. J. ; in 1799, went to Essex Co., N. J.; in 1819, went to Newark, N. J., and then removed to Licking Co., Ohio, from there to McHenry Co., 111., and from there to West Union, and first com- menced the boot and shoe trade ; contin- ued it about three years and then engaged in a saw and grist-mill, which was his last business. Married Nancy Spear in Oct., 1854 ; she was born Sept. 13, 1810 ; died Oct. 9, 1877 ; had five . children by a former marriage, three are living — W. M., John B. and Eliza (now Mrs. Ball). He owns fifty acres of land, with a saw-mill, about two miles east of here. Is a Republian. BARNES, HUNTING, livery and horse training ; born in Orange Co., N. Y.,Oct. 12, 1832; in 1842, he came to Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; in 1845, came to Milwaukee, Wis. ; in 1850, commenced sailing on the lakes ; con- tinued for three seasons ; in 1854, went to New York and shipped on the brig Anny for San Francisco ; returned the following year ; in 1855, returned to Milwaukee and handled trotting horses that Fall ; in 1856, he shipped on the first vessel sent to Liverpool loaded with staves from Milwaukee; returned in 1857, then came to Fayette Co., Iowa ; in 1859, went to California and crossed the plains ; in 1864, returned to Fay- ette Co.. Married Josephine Hale Nov. 18, 1864; she was born in Mil- waukee Co. ; have five children — Lorane B., Stella, Wilbur, Willie and Lulu. He owns a house and lot in Payette Co. Barns, J. 0., express. Barns William, farmer. BARNHART, P. A., farmer, Sec. 32 ; born in Center Co., Penn., May 25, 1826 ; in 1865, he came to West Union ; owns 96 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Mary E. Austes May 21, 1861 ; she was born in January, 1829; had two children — James A. and William F., both dead. They are members of the M. E. Church ; has been School Director. Barnhouse, J. M., farmer. Sec. 11. Barnhouse, William, farmer. Sec. 11. Barrett, James,.laborer. BEAIIER, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 12; born in Bavaria, Germany, March 22, 1822; in 1833,came to Erie, Penn.; in 1852, came to West Union ; owns 200 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Sophia M. Hantz Aug. 29, 1849 ; she was born in Bavaria, Ger- many Sept., 1821 ; had eleven children, nine living — Margaret, William H., John H., Maria S., Caroline, James B., Mary J., Adeline and Louisa. Are members of the United Brethren Church; is a Greenbacker ; has been Road Super- visor and School Director. Beattie, Silas, hardware. BEIGHTOL, IKATTHIAS, far Section 18; born in Center County, Penn., Feb. 15, 1817 ; in 1865, came to West Union ; owns 135 acres, valued at 140 per acre. Married Sarah Bressler March 16, 1841 ; she was born in Center Co., Penn, Oct. 1, 1821 ; had five children, four living — Fietta B. J., William J., Mary C, Annie E., and John. He enlisted in Co. E, 5th Pennsylvania Infantry; served one year and was killed at Richmond, Va,, June 29, 1862. They are members of the Reformed Church. Mrs. B.'s father, John N. Bressler, was born Dec. 28, 1780, in Centre Co., Penn. He still lives there and is enjoying good health. BEIili, DAVID, retired farmer; born in Hartford Co., Md., May 1, 1808; in 1837, came to Carroll Co., Ohio ; in 1849, came to Madison, Wis.; in 1851, returned to Carroll Co., and in 1855, came to Fayette Co. and settled on Sec. 19, Dover Tp. ; he owns 280 acres. WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 577 valued at $22 per acre. Married Eliza- beth McAllister in 1850 ; she was horn in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1813; have one child — Jane H. (now Mrs. Phillips). Mrs. B. is a member of the M. E. Church. He is a Democrat ; has held all the township offices. BENT, CURTIS R., of _ the firm of Bent & Scofield, druggists, also insurance and real estate agents, residence on Sec. 8, near city limits ; he owns forty acres on Sec. 8, 120 acres on Sec. 18, this township, twenty acr s in Sec. 27, Auburn Township, and fifteen acres in Dover Township ; born in Windham Co., Vt., Aug. 23, 1820; moved to Rock Co., Wis., in May, 1840 ; resided there until February, 1852, when he came to Auburn Town- ship, Fayette Co. , Iowa ; lived there until March, 1855, when he came to West Union ; during the time he was in Auburn, he was engaged in the manu- facture of lumber ; since then, he has been engaged in the farming, mercan- tile and real estate business ; for several years he was a member of the Board of Supervisors, member of the 12th General Assembly in 1868 and 1869. His first wife was Eleanora Robinson ; she died Feb. 4, 1857 ; two children by this marriage, both now living — Emma M. and Carrie A. His present wife, Mrs. Sarah J. Atwood (sister of first wife) ; they have one child — Iowa B. Mr. Bent is a member of the M. E. Church. Mrs. B. is a Baptist. BEBKE Y, J. J., attorney at law ; office in Berkey's building, Vine street, opposite public square ; residence on Jones street ; was born in Holmes Co., Ohio, Aug. 3, 1833 ; moved to McLean Co., 111., in 1852 ; came to West Union in Oct., 1855. He was engaged in mer- cantile business here until 1858 ; stud- ied law with Hon. Milo McGlathery, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. Entered the army, in August, 1862, as First Lieutenant of tJo. A, 38th I. V. I. ; was promoted to Captaincy of the com- pany in July, 1863 ; mustered out in January, 1865. He has been Mayor of this city two terms, 1873 and 1874. Married Mary A. Merihugh, in 1856 ; she was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; they had two children — one died in infancy ; one son now living — Lewis C, bom Sept. 8, 1857. BERRY, WILL A., Deputy Re- corder; was born, Jan. 25, 1852, in Troy, Penn. ; in 1859, came to Will- iamsport Penn. ; and in 1874, came to West Union ; has been employed in the offices of Recorder and Auditor ever since he came here ; his parents reside in Williamsport, Penn., also his sisters and brother. Bishop, Frank, farmer Sec. 22. Bishop, H. 0., farmer. Blair, John, laborer. Blakesley, J. B. Bli AKESIiE Y, MATHE W L., watch maker and jeweler, on Elm street; was born June. 10, 1846, in McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1847, came, with his parents, to Harrison Co., Ind. ; in 1849, came to Kankakee Co., 111. ; in 1852, came to Clayton Co., Iowa; in 1858, returned to Kankakee Co., Ill ;in 1869, came to Fayette Co., Iowa ; in 1870, returned to Kankakee Co., 111. same year, came to Sandusky City, Ohio in 1872, returned to Kankakee Co., 111. in 1874, came to Fayette Co. ; and came to West Union in 1876. Married Mar- garet A. Blakesley April 6, 1870 ; she was born in 1851, in Sandusky City, Ohio ; have four children, three living — Watson R., Eliza A. an! Edson L. Bloomfield, James, farmer. Sec. 4. Blunt, G., farmer, Sec. 1. Blunt, James, farmer, Sec. 1. Blunt, Jesse, farmer, Sec. 1. Blunt, L., farmer. Sec. 1. BO WLEY, ANDREW J., dealer in dry goods, clothing, groceries, boots, shoes, etc., Peck & Heiserman's block. Vine street, opposite public square ; was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Jan. 3, 1830 ; removed to Independence, Iowa, in 1857 ; came to West Union in May, 1877. Married Cornelia A. Kins- ley, of Vermont. Brewer, J. S., farmer, Sec. 10. Brown, John J., farmer. Sec. 35. Bronsier, A., farmer Sec. 12. BroDfiier, G., farmer, Sec. 12. Buck, C, shoemaker with J. S. Sampson. Burlingham, R. E., retired farmer. BIJNTON, L,. M., farmer. Sec. 33 ; born July 28, 1836, in Frankfort Co., Ky. ; in 1839, came to Rook 578 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Co., Wis.; in 1858, oame to West Union, and settled on his present farm in 1876 ; owns 120 acres, valued at $2,500. Married Amanthus Ash Oct. 11, 1865 ; she was born Aug. 27, 1846, in Tippecanoe Co., Ind.; have one child — Clara, born Oct. 18, 1869; enlisted in 1862, in Co. G, 38th I. V. I.; served throe years ; was in the battles of Vicks- burg, Ft. Morgan, Ala., Mobile and others. Butler, B., farmer. Butler, H., far., S. 34. Butler, Jos., far., S. 29. BIJTL.BR. JOSEPH, of the firm of- Finch & Butler, grocers, Elm st., opposite Public Square ; born neai- Mon- roe, Greene Co., Wis., April 14, 1850 ; July, of same year, his parents oame to Westfiold Tp., this county ; he came to West Union, this year, 1878. Mar- ried Clara M. Kelsey, June 21, 1874; she ^as born in this county April 1 , 1858. Byers, Andrew, far., S. 30. /^AMP, EVANS, carpenter. Cannon, Wm., far.. Sees. 3 and 10. Capwall, G. S., fai-., Sees. 21 and 22. Carmichael, H. H.,far., S. 36. Carmichael, M. M, far., S. 36. Carpenter, H. T., far.. Sees. 1 and 12. Carr, Burton, far-., S. 27. CARTER, F. J., shoemaker, with J. S. Sampson; born March 25, 1819, in Lancashire, Eng.; in 1857, came to West Union ; first commenced business in Auburn, Fayette Co.; continued it about six months ; then removed to West Union and commenced work for J. S. Sampson, and has been with him ever since. Married Ann Westfield May 1, 1837 ; she died the same year, and was born in 1819; second marriage to Mary Swale, June 1, 1840 ; she was born in 1818, in England ; have one child — Elvira, now Mrs. Gardner. Mr. C. is a Roman Catholic ; is also a member of the Agricultural Society. CARTER, J. €J., of the firm of J. G. Carter & Co., general dealers in agri- cultural implements, stone block, corner Vine and Main streets, opposite Public Square ; residence on Vine street ; born in Nova Scotia Nov. 5, 1822 ; removed with his parents to Goderich, Canada, in 1829; in 1834, they went to St. Joseph Michigan; returned to Canada in 1842 came to Detroit, Mich., in 1854, and in 1855, removed to Rookford, 111,; came to McGregor, Iowa, in 1862; want, to Conover, Iowa, in 1865, and to Cresoo in 1870 ; oame to West Union in 1875. Mr. Cartt'r married Mary Fraser, Oct. 12, 1854; she was born in China, N, Y^ at an early age, she rei^oved with her uncle, John D. McCall, to Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. Y.; they have had five sons ; three died in infancy ; the living are — Sidney B., George G. and John McC. Mr. and Mrs. Carter are members of the Presbyterian Church. CARTWRIGHT, RICHARD, Homoebpathio physician and surgeon; born in Hamilton, Canada, July 9, 1851 ; came to Iowa in 1859. The Doctor is a graduate of the Detroit Homoeopathio College, class of 1874 and 1875. He married Cora Aiken Jan. 31, 1877; she was born at Deoorah, Iowa. Chambers, M., Chapman; F. H. Clark, Peter, miller. Clemits, David. Colburn, A., city watchman. Colby, J. H. CONKEY, ALBERT B., farmer. Sec. 29; born Nov. 20, 1846, in Defiance Co., Ohio; in 1863, he came with his parents to Weat Union, and settled on his present farm in 1870; owns 130 acres of land, val- ued at $35 per acre. Married Edith Daniels Jan. 31, 1870; she was born Oct. 4, 1849, .in New York; have four children — Jacob C, Geneva M., Laura B. and Lottie B., twins. Is a Republican. Has been President of the School Board, and School Di- rector. CONKBY, B. F., farmer. Seo. 29 ; born in St. LawrrnOe Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; in 1833, came to Ohio; in 1863, removed to Payette Co., Iowa, and to pres- ent farm ; owns 274 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. Married Emma L. Wilder in 1852 ; she was born in Canada in 1828; have two children — Frank and May. Mr. Conkey is Town Assessor. Members of the United Brethren Church. WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 579 CONKEY, GEO. F., farmer, See. 29; born Sept. 24, 1843, in Defiance Co., Ohio; in 1853, came to West Union with his parents, and now owns the old homestead, consisting of 161 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre, etc. His father was born in 1800, and died Aug. 28, 1869 ; his mother was born June 1, 1808, in New York ; lives wi'.h him ; she is a member of the Church of the United Brethren. Cook, David. COOK, ELIZABETH, WnS., widow of Daniel Cook ; he was born Feb. 27, 1818, in Clark Co., Ohio, and died Oct. 10, 1854, in West Union; she was born Dec. 11, 1817, in Ohio; she owns eleven acres of land inside the corporation, valued at $2,500 ; has four children — Rhoda A., born Aug. 12, 1838 (now Mrs. Lambert) ; John, born Aug. 22, 1843 ; David S., born Dec. 22, 1845; Peter L., born July 30, 1848. She is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Cook carried on a gen- eral merchandise business; was one of the first merchants of West Union. €OOK, JOHN, of the firm of Owens, Cook & Co., dealera in agricultural implements and live stock ; warehouse and office on Elm St., opposite Public Square ; residence on Pine st. Mr. Davis was born in Cooktown, Rock Co., Wis., Aug. 22, 1844; resided in Wisconsin until 1849, when his parents removed to West Union. He married Jennie E. McClintock, Doc. 24, 1868 ; she was born in Chambersburg, Penn. ; they have one child — Belle Marie, born Aug. 22, 18T5. Mr. Cook enlisted in Co. P., 38th I. V. I., Aug. 11, 1862 ; mustered out in Nov., 1865 ; served six montlis in 1st Missouri Battery. He is a member of the Town Council, and has been Chief of the Fire Depart- ment. His father, Daniel Cook, now deceased, was in the mercantile business lor several years ; his mother, Sarah Ann Cook, is still living. "Cook, John H., laborer. €ook, John W., laborer. ■Cooley, Austin, retired farmer. ■Cowle, James, tailor. ■COWXE, WM., of the firm of Hob- son & Cowle, dealers in real estate and collection agents. Bank Block, Vine st. ; born in England Jan. 9, 1823; in 1840, he came to Bellevue, Ohio ; resided there until 1854, when he came to Fayette Co., Iowa. He married Sarah E. Russell, of Ohio, Oct. 6, 1844; she died in 1846; they had one child — Wm. R. ; he died in infancy, in 1846. Mr. Cowle was Deputy Clerk of the Court during the term of Joseph Hobson— from 1859 to 1869. COX, WILIilAM, gi-oceries and confectionery ; born in England, and came to New York in 1849 ; came to Fayette County in 1854, and in 1864, commenced his present business. Married AnnaSackrider Feb. 21, 1869; she wa? born in 1832, in Ohio. Have one child— Willie, born Nov. 20, 1869. They ai-e members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns forty acres of land in Sec. 19, and four houses and lots in West Union. En- listed in 1861, Co. F, 3d I. V. I.; served two years, and was discharged on account of three wounds received during the battle of Shiloh ; his jaw bone was broken — this was one of the wounds. Crosby, A., foundryman. Crowe, Ed., farmer. CROWE, JOHN J., farmer. Sec. 26 ; born Aug. 4, 1820, in the Isle of Man ; in 1851, came to Boston, Mass.; in 1854, came to Chicago; in 1857, came to West Union. Owns eighty- three acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. Married Hannah Teare May 19, 1851 ; she was born Oct. 10, 1831, in the Isle of Man. Had eleven children, ten living — Annie J., Fannie A., Clara B., Louise, Rebena, Fillie and Edward; Sarah died Jan. 2, 1878. Has been School Director three terms ; also Road Supervisor. Crowe, Thos., farmer, Sees. 24 and 25. r'^AILEY, TIM, farmer, Sec. 35. Daniels, John, farmer. Sec. 25. Darling, Wm. DABNALrli, OEORCiJ^E D., phy- sician and surgeon ; office in Bank Block, over H. B. Hoyt's hardware store ; residence on Vine st. The doc- tor was born near Paris, Edgar Co., Ill, May 28, 1843 ; he attended school at the Paris Academy, and taught school in Edgar County until he commenced 580 DIRECTORY OF PAyETTE COUNTY: the study of medicine with Dr. Ro\\e, at Grand View, 111.; graduated from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, class of 1871-2. He married Sarah C. Law- yer Nov. 17, 1873; she was born in Rock Island Co., 111., Aug. 1, 1854. DAVIS, AMBROSE D., of the firm of Owens & Davis, general mer- chants, Elm St., opposite the Public Square ; residence in Slayton's Addi- tion ; born in Warren Co., Ind., May 3, 1841 ; came to West Union in 1848, with his parents, James and Hannah Moore Davis. His father was a clergy- man of United Brethren faith, and also carried on the business of a farmer until his death, which occurred April 11, 1853 ; his wife, Hannah, died in Febru- ary, 1872. Mr. Ambrose D. Davis en- listed June 8, 1861, in Co. F, 3d I. V. I.; was wounded at the battle of Hatchie, Tenn., Oct. 5, 1862, and discharged on account of disability Feb. 18, 1863. His first wife was Mary E. Ash ; mar- ried Sept. 14, 1864 ; she died July 7, 1870; one child by this marriage — Wm. A., born June 7, 1870. TVIr. D.'s pres- ent wife was Lydia A. Avis ; married Jan. 14, 1877 ; Mrs. Davis is a member of the M. E. Church. Davis, J. P. Davis, L. H., farmer. Decker, L. H. DE FORD, WILSON L.., farmer, Sec. 11 ; owns fifty acres of land ; born in West Union Township Oct. 19, 1850. His father, Joseph DeFord, came here in 1848, was a native of Ohio, and died here eight years ago ; Elvira Miller De Ford lives with her son Wilson. DeFord, Wilson, farmer, Sec. 11. Deilz, J. F., dry goods clerk. Dershan, L. B., blacksmith. DESCENT, GEORGE T., prop'r. of the Descent House, corner Elm and Walnut streets, opposite Public Square ; born in Canada Jan. 19, 1824;cameto West Union in October, 1860 ; engaged in farming until 1872 ; in 1875, he built the Descent House, an elegant three story brick hotel. Married Sophronia Brown ; she was born in Steuben Co., N. Y. Mr. Descent has five children by a former marriage. DETRICK, CHARLES A., car- penter and cabinet maker ; born Feb. 18, 1842, in Centre Co., Penn.; in 1845^ came with his parents to StephensonCo., 111.; in 1855, came to Fayette Co. Married Candace M. Glover Dec. 24,. 1872 ; she was born Jan. 20, 1852, in Plymouth, N. H.; have one child — Maryetta, born Jan. 29, 1876. Are members of the M. E. Church. En- listed, in 1862, in Co. A, 38th I. V. I.;, served about one year ; was discharged on account of disability ; was at the siege of Vioksburg ; was discharged at Carleton, near New Orleans. His father was born Feb. 13, 1818, in Reading, Penn.; he enlisted in the 9th I. V, C, in 1863 ; mustered out of the service Feb. 16, 1868 ; he also enlisted in the Mexican War, but did not serve ; his wife was born Sept. 20, 1825, in Lancaster Co., Penn.; had eight children — Charles, born Feb. 18, 1842 ; Sarah A., April 1,, 1843; Mary J., July 11, 1845; Margaret A.,Aug. 8, 1848; John F.,May23, 1851;. E. E., May 14, 1853 ; Ida E., April 14, 1856 ; Rachel S., April 24, 1859. Detrick, John, laborer. Dewey, R., farmer, S. 16. Dickens, E. G., wheat buyer. Dickcrman, Adam, laborer. Dickey, R. J., farmer, Sec. 7. Dollard, Wm., far.. See. 34. Donald, J. H., dry goods clerk. DOOIilTTIiE, DELIA L., MRS., widow of Egbert D. Doolittle, Sec. 2 ; he was born June 29, 1823, in. New York, and died Aug. 16, 1863 ; she was born Oct. 29, 1827, in Hamp- den Co., Mass. They were married Sept. 1, 1861 ; he had seven children by a former marriage, four living — Julia J., now Mrs. Abbott ; James F. C, Ida C, Adah L. Members of the M. E. Church. Mr. D. enlisted in Co. F, 38th I. V. I.; served one year and died at St. Louis of a sickness contracted in the army. Her mother, Mrs. Davis, lives with her. She was born June 4, 1812, in MontgomeryCo.,N. Y.; has lived in this township the past twenty-four years ; her husband was born May 26, 1800 ; died Jan. 6, 1865. Dorland, C. A., Constable. Dorland, David, saloon, Vine st. Dugan, George. DRAKE, S. H., physician and sur- geon and member of the firm of Drake WEST BNION TOWNSHIP. 581 & White, druggists, corner Vine and Elm streets ; born in Bridgewater,Mass., May 1, 1838 ; came to Elgin, Kane Co., 111., in 1846 ; when 19 years of age, re- moved to Decorah, Iowa; lived there until he enlisted, Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. B, 38th I. V. I.; mustered out Aug. 14, 1865; soon after discharge from the army, he removed to Caledonia, Minn.; lived there two and a half years. Graduated from the Chicago Medical College, class of 1868 and 1869 ; engaged in the practice of his profession in Ross- ville, Allamakee Co., Iowa, seven years ; came here in May, 1876.. He is now County Coroner. Married Celia J. Hen- derson March 28, 1865 ; she was born in Wyoming, Wyoming Co., N. Y., Jan., 1840 ; they have three children — Willie F., born July Y,1867 ; Clarence H., born July 8, 1872, and Jennie M., born Sept. 28, 1875. Dunbar, Frank, laborer. Dunbar, Harvey, laborer. Dunham, M., farmer, Sec. 31. BUTTON, LOBE]!(fZ, farmer. Sec. 3; born Feb. 28, 1826, in Meredith, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; remained at home, at his father's farm, going to school in the Winter and working on the farm in Summer, until he was 18 years of age; then worked for his uncle six months ; attended school until about 20 years old, when he went to Steuben, and spent two years in farm- ing in Summer and ' lumbering in the Winter ; returned to Meredith, where he remained until the Spring of 1848, when he became one of a party consist- ing of Henry Jones, Charles M. Jones, W. W. Bailey and Wm. Blanchard, and came West in search of a home ; came across the Lakes from Buffalo to Chi- cago ; thence to Galena by team ; thence to Sand Prairie, nine miles south of Galena, where they worked at haying for a month ; then started on foot for Iowa ; they had heard of the Turkey Kiver country that had then just been vacated by the Indians ; and hither they came on foot all the way from Galena, via Oolesburg and Elkader ; after visiting the Mission and some other locations, finally, early in August, determined to locate on the beautiful prairie about three miles from Round Grrove (now West Union), on what proved to be 3, 94, 8, when the surveys were made ; went back with Henry Jones to Galena, and purchased three yoke of cattle, a wagon, breaking-plow, provisions and other articles necessary for a pioneer settlement ; returned to their claim Sept. 11, 1848, and settled with the Jones brothers, where he now resides ; built a hay cabin, which, about a month afterward, was burned, and with it their clothes, boots, a portion of their supplies and the hay they had cut for their cattle ; then built a substantial log cabin about thirty rods north of his present residence ; has resided on the claim he originally took from that day to the present, and is a prosperous farmer. Nov. 2d and 3d, snow fell eighteen inches deep, and the weather became very cold ; a few days after the storm, both Mr. Dutton and Mr. Jones froze their feet severely while hunting their cattle that had strayed from home ; lost a yoke of cattle during the Winter ; in the Fall of 1849, returned to Cam- eron, Steuben Co., N. Y., and, Jan. 26, 1850, married Miss Malinda A. Haw- ley ; returned to Iowa with his young wife in May, 1850; children — Lillie P., born May 5, 1851 ; Carrie H., born Dec. 2, 1855 ; Mabel E., born June 5, 1857. Mrs. Malinda A. Dutton died Oct. 1, 1868; and Mr. Dutton, for the benefit of his anxious friends, desires it said that he is not married at present writing, July, 1878. DWYER, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 33 ; was born May 21, 1825, in Ireland ; in 1851, came to Rochester, N. Y. ; in 1857, came to Toledo, Ohio ; in 1858, came to West Union ; owns 160 acres of land, valued at |30 per acre. Mar- ried Margaret Dailey Oct. 10, 1854; she was born Sept. 24, 1828, in Ireland; have eight children, seven living — Will- iam G., James H., John T., Charles L., Martha E., Frank A. and Harry R. ; William G. is now studying medicine with Dr. Darnell of West Union. Dwello, Mose, farmer. Tj^ASTON, ED., carpenter. Easton, J., Sec. 17. Easton, Jonathan. Easton, William, laborer. 582 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Ecker, A. B., traveling agent, Eckerson, William, farmer, Sec. 17. Eddy, N. C, laborer. EDGAR, WIIvIilAM, retired farmer; was born Jan. 21, 1801, in Columbia Co., Penn. ; in 1844, came to Stephenson Co., 111. ; in 1846, came to G-reene Co., Wis. ; in 1851, removed to Fayette Co. and settled on Sec. 8, Dover Township. Married Rebecca Crray Dec. 4, 1834 ; she was born March 24, 1808, in Union Co., Penn. ; have three children, one living — W. H., who is a Methodist minister and has a charge in the western part of Iowa. Their son, G. W., enlisted in 1862, in Co. H, 38th I. V. 1., and died Aug. 9, 1863, at Port Hudson ; was engaged at the battle of Vicksburg and various others. Mr. Edgar was one of the model men of Dover Township. Elkins, W. E., saloon. Elsbury, B. W., Sec. 25. TpITLER, NICK., blacksmith. FARR, li. L., Sheriff; was born May 2, 1839, in De Kalb, Co., 111. ; in Octo- ber, 1861, came to Fayette Co., and en- gaged in farming until his election for Sheriff in 1877. Married Catharine Gabel Jan. 3, 1858 ; she was born March 31, 1838, in New York; have three children — Genia, born Oct. 16, 1859; Renia, bom March 10,1868; Hel- en, born Jan. 1, 1874. He is a Republi- can. Enlisted, in 1862, in Co. C, 6th I. V. C. ; served three years ; his regi- ment was ordered to the Western fron- tier and remained there three years. FIJrCH, B. W., of the firm of Finch & Butler, grocers. Elm St., opposite Public Square ; born in Niles, Mich., March 1st, 1831 ; removed to Jefferson Co., Wis., in Aug., 1845 ; came to West^ field Township, Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1857 ; came to West Union in Oct. 1872. He enlisted Aug., 11, 1862, in Co. G, 38th I. V. I. ; he was in all the battles and skirmishes the regiment partici- pated in; mustered out Sept. 4, 1865. Mr. Finch was School Treasurer four years ; was School Director also. He married Mary E. Butler Oct. 31, 1861 ; she was born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, Feb. 15, 1842. They have had five children, one son died in infancy ; the living are Gilbert B., William H., Margaret E. and Ella G. Fisher, Gasper, farmer, Sec. 32. Fisk, N. FITCH, OEO. W., County Su- perintendent of Schools ; office West Union ; residence Sec. 24, Bethel Township ; P. 0. Hawk Eye ; born near Youngstown, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Oct. 13, 1844 ; removed to Mercer Co., Penn., in 1856 ; lived there until 1861. July 4, 1861, enlisted in Co. D, 62d Penn. Vol. Inf. ; served three years in that regiment ; re-enlisted and served one year in the 155th Penn. Vol. Inf ; Sergeant of Co. D, 62d, eighteen months; First Lieutenant of Co. A, 155th, eight months ; wounded at the battle of the Wilderness ; in all general engagements except Antietam that the 62d participated in ; mustered out June 30, 1865, at Washington, D. 0. Came to this county (Illyria Tp.) in September, 1865 ; lived there twelve years, since that time in Bethel. He held the office of Township Clerk six years. Assessor, six years, Secretary of School Board, four years and various other offices in Illyria Tp. ; was elected Superintendent of Schools in October, 1877. Married Roxcie A, Moore April 15, 1866 ; she was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio; they had six children ; the living are Willie Elmer, Mary L., Mer- tie E., Denzel A. and Clara B. ; one son, George P., died June 10, 1877, aged 10 months. Mrs. Fitch is a member of the United Brethren Church. Foley, Edward, farmer. Sec. 28. Ford, H. A., drayman. Foster, F. 0., farmer. Sec. 22. Fothergill, Samuel, farmer. Sec. 15. Fox, John, laborer. Fraverd, H. A., Sec. 14. Frisby, B.. R., farmer. Sec. 24. Frisby, 8. H., farmer. Sec. 14. FRITZ, JOHN, farmer. Sees. 11 and 12 ; was born Aug. 17, 1828, in Ger- many ; in 1849, came to Erie Co., Penn ; in 1862, came to West Union ; the fol- lowing year, settled on his present farm ; owns 130 acras, valued at 835 per acre. He married Susan Weaver. Dec. 25, 1855 ; she was bom in 1837, in Erie Co., Penn ; had eight children, MTEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 583 five living — John L., born Aug. 31, 1859; George, bom May 23, 1862; Sarah, born April 8, 1866 ; Caroline, bom Oct. 8, 1869; Eliza, born Sept. 20, 1S72. Are members of the Lutheran Church. FROHIilCH, C, butcher ; was born Aug. 15, 1836, in Grermany ; in 1867, he came to Aurora, 111. ; in 1868, came to West Union. He married Cath- arine Krakaw, Feb. 7, 1869 ; she was bom in 1S36, in Grermany ; had four children, three living — Helen, Eddie and Arnold. Are members of the Luth- eran Church. FnUer, Levi, broker. n\ ARDNER, J. W., grain. GIBBS, CATHABUTE, WBS. widow of John Gibbs, Sec. 36 ; he was bom in ISIS, in Ireland, and died Dec. 10, 1862, in West Union. She was born May 1, 1834, in Ireland. They were married Dec. 3d, 1855. She came to Prairie Du Chien in 1850 ; the same year, removed to Hannibal, Mo.; in 1S55, came to West Union. She owns 120 acres of land, .valued at $30 per acre. Had three children, two living — Mary E. and Annie. She is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. €ilhert, Geoi^, Sec. 16. Gilbert, Mark, dry goods. Glover, 0. B., Sec. 15. «OBMAX, JAMES H., Deputy Sheriff; bom Jan. 29, 1S53, in New York city; in 1865, came to Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., X. Y., and, in 1875, «une to West Union ; was a teacher in the public school one year ; and, in 1876, was appointed Deputy Sheriff for J. J. Webh, and still holds the same position, under L. L. Farr. Mr. Gror- man attended the State Normal School, at Po'sdam, N. Y., five years. Green, J. B., saloon keeper. Green, Jas. B., farmer. Sec. 23. Green, Thos.. land agent. C^REEJUr, THOS., farmer and black- Binith, Section S : bom May 26, 1815, in Ireland; in 1840, came to Canada; in 1846, came to Buffalo, X- Y. ; in 1847, came to Grenesee Co., ^- Y., and e.une to West Union in 1855 ; owns sixty-three acres of land, valued at $75 per acre. Married Ann Stevens in 1S45 ; she was born in 1822, in Ireland; have eight children and one adopted — Thomas L., James S., Charles W., Alice, John A., Mary A., Richard H., Ettie, and the one adopted, Catherine. Enlisted in Co. F, 7th I. Y. C. ; served three years ; was in the battle of Galesburg and others. Thos. L. also served in the war. Grover, J. B., tailor. Grover, Wm., harness maker. GURDT, CYRUS, miller; born Jan. 8, 1815, in Bristol, X. H. ; June 25, 1856, came to Allamakee Co., Iowa ; the same year, came to Fayette Co., and commenced the milling busi- ness here ; has been in the milling busi- ness forty-four years. Married Sarah H. Gordon May 7, 1840 ; she was born in 1821 ; died Jan. 14, 1842. Second marriage, to Mary M. Glover, Jan. 20, 1843; she was bom in 1812, in Plymouth, X. H. ; have two children by second marriage — Seth G. and Mary A. His son, Seth G., carries on the milling business, farming, and is a dealer in and breeder of Suffolk, Po- land, China and Chester pigs of the best improved blood ; is also extensively engaged in bee culture; he was bom Sept. 20, 1845, in Belknap Co., N. H . married Rebecca J. Patterson April 9 1873; she was bom June 24, 1851,_ in Illinois; have two children — Flor ence E. and Mary A. He eidisted, in 1S61, in Co. F, 3d L V. L; served three years, and was honorably dis- charged ; was in the battles of Shiloh and siege of Corinth; was detached from the regiment and detailed for hospital duty ; was Ward Master of the Vitisburg Marine Hospital; in 1863, was transferred to the regiment at Xiishville, Tenn.; July 22, 1864, was again detailed to the field hospital at Atlanta ; remained there till Sherman's march to the sea. Gurdy, Seth, miller. GUlllfSAIirS, AJLFRED C, shoemaker, with J. S. Sampson ; born June 19, 1841, in Clearfield, Penn.; in 1859, came to West Union, and, in the Fall, apprenticed himself to J. S. Samp- son, at the boot and shoe trade ; hiis worked for him ever since, except when he was in the army. Married Maggie 584 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : B. Gruver, Oct. 10. 1867; she was born in Ohio ; have two children — Florence E. and Ella B. Enlisted Oct. 8, 1861, in Co. F, 9th I. V. I ; served two years, then re-enlisted, and served to the close of the war; participated in twenty-three diiFerent engagements, among which were Pea Ridge, Arkan- sas Post, siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, Miss., Chattanooga, Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to the sea, ACK, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 1. H Hackett, Perley, farmer. Sec. 4. HAIiJL, DANIEL. W., farmer. Sec. 32; born Nov. 7, 1821, in Center Co., Penn. ; in 1864, came to West Union; in 1866, removed to his present farm ; owns 240 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. Married Lucinda E. Kline, Jan. 13, 1848 ; she was born Oct. 8, 1824, in Pennsylvania ; have nine chil- dren — George K., John H., Sarah A:, Laura B., Samuel T., Mary E., Ruth A., Daniel M. and William F. Mem- bers of the M. E. Church. Has been School Director, Road Supervisor, etc. Hall, George, farmer. Sec. 32. Hall, John, farmer, Sec. 32. Hains, G. W., laborer. Hains, S. B., furniture dealer. HAM, MYKOX J., DR., dentist ; office over Fayette Co. National Bank ; residence on Vine street ; born in Bel- videre, Boone Co., 111., April 2, 1848; came to West Union in 1875 ; engaged in the business of dentist for nine years. Married Anna B. McCasland Sept. 14, ] 873 ; she was born in Indiana ; they have two children — Blanche E., born July 18, 1875, and Nellie, Oct. 2, 1876. Harper, John, farmer. Sec. 23. Harper, L., farmer, Sec. 23. HARPER, WM., farmer ; Sees. 23 and 26 ; born in Greene Co., Penn., Oct. 28, 1822; in 1842, came to Ripley Co., Ind.; in 1850, cjme to West Union and settled on his present farm in 1856 ; owns 330 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Elizabeth Cruzan Dec. 28, 1 843 ; she was born in Ohio ; had thirteen children, eleven living — Nancy J., Hannah, John, G- W., Mary E., C. B., J. T., W. H., Jos. R., Sarah C. and Charlie B. Are members of the M. B. Church. Has been School Direct- or and Road Supervisor. Harper, Wm. H., farmer, Sec. 23. Haslet, George, farmer, Sec. 1. Heale, John. Heiserman, Benj., traveling agent. Heiserman, John. Heiserman, Wm., wagon maker. Helm, R. W. Hennings, Thos., baker. Hennings, W., baker. HERRIHAN, S. K., grain and produce ; boarding at U. S. Hotel ; born in Noble Co., Ind., April 10, 1845 ; in 1853, came with his parents to Minne- sota ; while there, he associated with the Indians, and learned their language ; in 1857, came to Fayette Co. Married Louise Brown, June 24, 1877 ; she was born in Geneva, Wis., July 2, 1857 ; enlisted in 1864, in Co. E, 9th I. V. I. ; served to the close of the war ; was in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain ; was pres- ent when Gen. McPherson was killed ; they were under fire of the enemy from Snake Creek Gap to the fall of Atlanta, a period of about four months. He owns a farm of 200 acres in Windsor Tp., valued at $30 per acre, and twenty-nine lots in the village of Wadena, valued at $50 each ; also a warehouse in West Union. Hewbank, James. Hickman, H., farmer. Higgins, Geo. H., farmer. Sec. 14. Hill, Paul, retired farmer. HOBSON, AliFRED NOR- MAX, of the firm of Ainsworth & Hobson, attorneys ; office, corner of Vine and Elm sts ; born in Allegheny City, Penn., April 1, 1848. Admitted to the bar April 26, 1870; he has been engaged in the practice of his profes- sion since July, 1873. HOBSOIlf, JOSEPH, attorney; President of the Fayette County Na- tional Bank, dealer in real estate, etc.; residence corner Plumb and Washing- ton streets ; was born in Pittsburgh, Penn., Oct 17, 1823; removed to Cleve- land, Ohio, in 1853 ; resided there one year aud a half; spent a short time in Michigan, and came to Smithfield Town- ship, Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1855 ; WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 585 moved to Fayette village in 1857 ; came to West Union in 1858. From 1859 to 1869, he was Clerk of the Court in this county ; he was a member of the 13th General Assembly; was U. S. Assessor for this district from May, 1870, to 1873 ; served many years as member of the School Board. Married Elizabeth Baker, April 15, 1847 ; she was born in Bakerstown, Allegheny Co., Penn., June 25, 1825 ; they have had eight children, lost one son and one daughter; the living children are Alfred Norman, Joseph B. (now Lieu- tenant in the U. S. Navy), Frank S., Fannie E., Leroy T. and Ella C. Mr. Hobson owns 330 acres of land in Sec. 30, West Union Township, besides sev- eral tracts of lands in other townships in this county. Hodgkinson, C. W., Deputy Auditor. Hodgkinson, W. N., insurance agent. Holbrook, William H., farmer, Sec. 18. HOIiSEEJS, B. H., bee hive grocer- ies and city cigar and tobacco store. Vine street; was born Sept. 27, 1851, in Plattsburg, N. Y. ; in 1852, came, with his parents, to Chicago; in 1871, came to West Union. Married Mary E. Perry, Nov. 18, 1875 ; she was born Sept. 11, 1857, in West Union ; have one child— Hattie, born Sept. 30, 1877. He was elected, January, 1878, Fore- man of the West Union Hook and Ladder Company. Holmes, H. A., machine agent. HOLHES, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 28; was born June 21, 1829, in Pais- ley, Scotland ; in 1841, came to Canada ; in 1842, came to Orange Co., N. Y. ; in 1845, came to Newark, N. J. ; and in 1850, came to West Union ; he owns 300 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. Married Kuturah McMuUen, Jan. 25, 1860 ; she was born in 1838, in Center Co., Penn ; have eight chil- dren — Brastus N., Ida E., Frances V., Nancy M., WiUiam J., James A. and Baby. They are members of the M. E. Church. He is Justice of the Peace. Enlisted in Co. C, 6th I. V. C, and served three years ; he was sent with Ijis regiment to the Western fron- tier and remained there during this period. Holmes, S. W., groceries. H O L, T O N, _ SAMUEL, retired merchant ; residence on Vine street ; born Nov. 21, 1825, in Ontario Co., N. Y. ; in 1832, came to Huron Co., Ohio ; in 1850, came to Fayette Co., Iowa ; in 1867, commenced the hard- ware business under the firm name of Hoyt & Holton, and , retired from the firm Jan. 15, 1877. Married Mary S. Strong, May 14, 1849 ; she was born Jan. 22, 1830, in Huron Co., Ohio. He was the first Justice of the Peace of lUyria Township, and also, County Assessor of West Union ; was Town- ship Assessor of lUyria for nine years. HOVER, E. O., photographic artist, Nefeger's corner, up stairs ; residence, same ; was born in Canton, Ohio, Oct. 31, 1839; in 1846, came to Warren, Jo Daviess Co., 111. In April, 1862, he enlisted in the 96th I. V. I.'; was wounded at Chickamauga, and in Novem- ber, 1863, was discharged on account of disability ; he re-enlisted in May, 1864 (for three months service)'; was mus- tered out in November, 1864 ; he was Commissary of the First Brigade of Cav- alry during this service. In 1870, Mr. Hoven removed to Monticello, Iowa ; came to West Union in 1875. Mar- ried Sophronia M. Spencer, Jan. 7, 1867 ; she was born near Cleveland,' Ohio ; they have had two children, both deceased — Birdie E., died Oct. 29, 1876, age, 8 years and 7 months ; Fred- die S., died Nov. 19, 1876, age, 6 years and 1 month. Mr. and Mrs. Hoven are members of the M. E. Church ; Mr. Hoven has been chorister of the M. E. Church, in various places, about twenty years. Hoover, H. 0., artist. Hosmer, W., farmer. Sec. 14. House, J., Sec. 2. Howe, Charles, Street Commissioner. HOYEB, CHAS. C, farmer, Sec. 10 ; born May 1, 1840, in Erie Co., Penn. ; in 1854, came with his parents to West Union ; owns 240 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. Married Sarah E. Soccrider Sept. 30, 1866 ; she was born Jan. 27, 1848, in Wyandot Co., Ohio ; had seven children, five are living — Annie M., J. E., Noah, Lenah and Baby. He has been Road Supervisor. Hoyer, Geo., far., Sec. 11. 686 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COvUTi: HOYEB, JACOB A., farmer, Sec, 10 ; born Deo. 17, 1837, in Erie Co., Penn. ; in 1854, came to West Union ; in 1864, settled on his present farm ; owns 290 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Margaret Lippencott April 11, 1858 ; she was bom March 18, 1838, in Logan Co., Ohio ; had five children, three are living — Catherine J., George Clarence and Ida Sophia ; Rosetta was born Dec. 23, 1863, and died June 23, 1864; Cressie L., born Nov. 28, 1877, died March 5, 1878. He has been School Director, Road Supervisor, &c. IIOYT, DANIEL m., farmer, Sec. 16 ; born Aug. 4, 1829, in Magog, Can- ada East ; in 1848, came to Dorchester, Mass. ; in 1849, went to California; in 1853, returned to Massachusetts; in 1854, came to Fayette Co. Owns 160 acres of land, valued at 840 per acre. Married Lydia W. Merry Sept. 25, 1854 ; she was born in 1834, in Magog, Canada East ; had eight children, six are living — Hattie C, Nora D., Winton P., Charlie W., Frank and Mary P. Mrs. H. is a member of the M. B. Church. Hoyt, H. B., hardware. Hoyt, L. B. Hoyt, Nason, laborer. HOYT, R. M., far., Sec. 16 and 21 ; bom Nov. 7,1825, in Lower Canada; in 1843, went to Boston, Mass. ; in 1851, removed to California, and in 1855, came to Payette Co., and then settled on his present farm ; he owns 130 acres, valued at 830 per acre. Married Elvira Blake Aug. 26, 1856 ; she was born Jan. 15, 1830, in Lower Canada; they have two children — Herbert M., born May 3, 1857, and Otto M., bora Feb. 3, 1862. He is School Director, and has been Town Tmstee. Huyck, Wm., carpenter. TBTGERSOIili, H. J., prop. West JL Union House, corner of Vine and Elm sts. ; bom June 2, 1829, in Grafton, Lorain Co., Ohio ; in 1854, went to Me- dina Ohio ; remained there nine months and then went to Prairie Du Uhien, Wis. ; in 1 856-, came to McGregor Iowa ; in 1858, went to Hardin, and in 1866 came to West Union. Married Sarah M. Stamp Dec. 19, 1854 ; she was bora August 18, 1834, in New York; had four children, three living — Frank H., Lillie M. and Jennie 8. Enlisted in Co. F, 7th Mich. Cavalry ; served three years, and was honorably discharged ; duiing his enlistment, he was discharged as a private, and promoted to Lieu- tenant in Co. K, same regiment ; par- ticipated in about forty engagements, among which were Gettysburg, Brandy Station, Battle of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Jack's Shop, Five Forks, Appo- mattox, &c. Ha« been County Sur- veyor from 1866 to 1870. His family are Episcopalians. He is a Republican TAMESON, G. C. far., Sec. 6. Jameson, Jas., far., Sec. 6. Johnson, A. A., printer. Johnson, Newell, farmer. Sec. 23. Jones, A. C, groceries. Joslin, G. P., fanner. Sec. 8. TT-ENT, JAMES S., farmer. Sec. 7. KAlJpEB,VAIiENTINB,salooD and billiards, near depot ; bom Deo. 22, 1836, in Germany; in 1868, came to Dubuque Co., Iowa ; in 1874, removed to Oelwein, Fayette Co., Iowa ; in 1877, came to West Union. Married Ava Kersch Oct., 1866; she was bom Nov. 1 843, in Germany ; had three children ; lost their son Theodore, who died in 1874, aged 7 years ; the living are Nick and Mary. Are members of the Roman Catholic Church. KIIVWSBURY, J. B., farmer, Sec. 4; born March 19, 1827, in Windham Co., Vt. ; in 1852, came to Winnebago Co., 111. ; in 1856, came to Fayette Co., and removed to his present farm in 1876; owns 120 acres of land valued at 84,000. Married Hannah Brown Oct. 4, 1852; she was bom Dec. l6, 1831, in Wind- ham Co., Vt. ; have four children — Mary L., Ella P., Wayland B., and Emma B. Are members of the Baptist Chui'ch. Was member of the Board of Supervisfirs for Harlan Tp. Kinsey, William, farmer. Sec. 9. Knight, J. W., farmer, Sec. 25. KITOX, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 21 ; born April 1 , 1816, in Ireland ; in 1843, came to Albany, N. Y. ; in 1845, ca,me to Newark, N. J. ; in 1849, came to Greene Co., Wis. ; in 1850, came to West Union ; owns 120 acres of land, WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 58T Talned at $30 per acre. ^Married Jane Pennay Nov. 1, 1836 ; she was born Ang. 3, 1816, in Ireland; have six children — Isabella, now Mrs. Thompson ; John A., Eli«a J., now Mis. Callison ; Mary, now Mrs. Grain ; James R. and Joseph R. Are members of the Presby- terian Church ; have been members since they were 16 years old. Has been School Director and Road Supervisor, &c. Knox, J. A., former, Sec. 31. Kreamer, Ed. A., dry goods clerk. Kohler, J. N.. fermer, Sec. 7. Krise, Jacob, farmer, S. 1. X AKIX, W. B., Justice of the Peace. LAKOf, J. H., County Auditor; ^ bom March 1 1, 1838, in Point Pleasant, Clermont Co., Ohio ; in 1S5S. came to Fayette Co. ; engaged in general mer- chandise business until 1861, when he enlisted in Co. F, 3d I. T. I.; served about three years, participated in sevend engagements, among which were battles of Blue Mills, ShUoh, Metamora, &c. ; through his bravery in the service, | he was promoted from Lieutenant to Colonel. Married Sarah A. Thompson, April 19, 1871 ; she was bom in Point Pleasant, Ohio; have one child — Mary E., bom May 31, 1 S7-1. Are members oftheM. E. Church. Lamb, R. M., Sec. 34. Lang, M. 0., Sec. 12. L££, H. J., iarmer, Sec. 24 ; bom in Essex Co., X. T., Sept. 4. 1823 ; in 1830, came to Huron Co., Ohio ; in ■ 1835, came to Elkhart Co., Ind. ; in 1854, came to West Union ; owns 100 acres, valued at S30 per acre. Married ; Mis. Joannah Crain Sept. 10, 1840 ; { her maiden name was Hall ; she was ' bom Nov. 14, 1803 ; she had eight ; children by first marriage, six living — i Mary A., Nelson, Olive, Calvin, Edwin, and W. J. ; had one child by second marriage, who died in infancy. Are ^ members of M. E. Church. Edwin enlisted in the late war and has not been heard of since. W. J. enlisted in Co. F, 9th I. Y. I. : was wounded at the battle of Lookout Mountain ; was in other battles. LEWIS, AL-IiEX E., iarmer, Sec. 31 ; P. O. Fayette; bom in Gibson Co., Ind., Sept. 17, 1839; in 1845. came to Lawrence Co., HI., then to Iroquois Co., 111. ; in 1853, came to Fayette Co., Iowa; rents 175 acres. Married Mai^aret Evans Jan. 24, 1865 ; she was borar May 17, 1841, in Clark Co., 111. ; she had three children by a former marriage, two living — Rosanna and TheodeUa. She is a member of the United Brethren. He enlisted in Co. D., 4th I. Y. I. ; served about one year to the close of the war; was with Sherman in his " march to the sea." Republican. Lewis, Noyes, Sec. 29. Lewis, William, Sec. 33. lilPPIXCOTT, RE3IE3I- BEREXCE, farmer. Sees. 9 and 10 ; bora in Harrison Co., Ya., April 23, 1805 ; in 1807, came to Warren Co., Ohio; in 1811, came to Greene Co., Ohio; in 1813, came to Clark Co., Ohio; in 1831, came to Logan Co., Ohio ; in 1850, eame to T'ayette Co. ; owns 180 acres, valued at S35 per acre. Married Eleanor Davis Nov. 27, 1827 ; she was bom Oct. 7, 1805, in Harrison Co., Ya. ; had ten children, two li-ring — Mai?;aret, now Mrs. Hoyer; Paulina, now Mis. Hoyt. Second marriage, to Mary J. Danids, March 27, 1867 ; she was bom June 13, 1835, in Dubuqne ; her maiden name was McQuillen ; had three children by first marriaae — Ar- thur G., Charles F., and Jessie B. Daniels ; have two children by present marriage — Mary A. and Truman G. ; she is a Seventh Day Adventist. Has been Town Tmstee. Mr. Davis en listed in the 7th I. Y. I. and was kiUed in Jnlesburg by the Indians. Livingston, Giles, former. Sec. 26. Livingston, Jas.. farmer. Sec 14. Livingston, O., Sec. 35. Livingston, Lafayette, farmer, Sec. 35. EOCKWOOD, CHAS. M., lum- beigrain, coal, salt, etc. ; bom in Praine Du Chien, Wis., Ang. 16, 1842; in 1854. cametoPlattsbui^, N. Y.;attended school two vears ; in 1857, returned to Prairie Du Chien ; in 1S5S, came to Stillwater, Minn.; in 1865, came to Calmar ; in 1869, c-ame to Lawler, and in 1872, came to West Union. Mar- ried Helen E. McKnight October, 1868; she was bom in New York, in 1846: have three children — John b88 DIEECTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY : S., Chas. A., and Frank H. Mrs. L. is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He enlisted, in 1861, in Co B, 1st Minn. V. I. ; served till 1862, then 1 was transferred to the 31st Wis. V. I. ; ' was mustered out of that regiment July 6, 1865 ; was in the battles of Bull's ! Run, McClelland's campaign on the Peninsula ; was transferred to the Western Department, and was in Sher- man's campaign and " march to the sea." L.OFTUS, BKII>«ET, MRS., widow of Daniel Loftus, Sec. 28 ; he was born in Ireland in 1825 ; she was born in Ireland Feb. 25,1828; in 1847, she came to New York city; in 1848, came to Ontario Co., N. Y., and in 1856, came to West Union. They were married April 6, 1850 ; he died Feb. 25, 1863 ; they own 150 acres of land, valued at $3,000 ; have iive chil- dren — William, John F., Daniel, Thomas and Florence E. They are members of the Roman Catholic Church. Thomas is now a clerk for Owens & Davis, West Union. Loftus, Wm., farmer. Sec. 28. Long, J. C, drugs. Loomis, C. M. Lucas, Samuel, farmer. Sec. 28. 'cCLINTOOK, Frank, artist. M' McCIilNTOCK, WILJLIAM, editor and proprietor of Fayette Co. Union, residence on Vine St.; born Aug. 13, 1821, in Wayne Co., N. Y.; in 1832, came to Geauga Co., Ohio, with his parents; in 1851, removed to Fay- ette Co. and followed the practice of law, and established his paper in January, 1866. Married Athalia M, Lacy in 1850 ; she was born in 1824, in Portage Co., Ohio ; have five children — Frank, Addie L., Nellie B., William H. and Fred. McCormick, R. D. ' MoCourt, John, far., 8. 36. McMasters, James, far., Sec. 8. McMasters, Samuel, clerk. McMasters, Wm., dry goods. McQuilkin, A., laborer. Millard, Jerome, laborer. Mabb, T. D., far.. Sec. 3. Mabb, W. D., far.. Sec. 4, Manchester, J. W. MASSINGHAM, J.,retired; born in 1818, in England; in 1832, came to Ohio; 1836, came to Kane Co., III.; in 1850, removed to Racine, Wis.; in 1856, re- moved to Olmstead Co., Minn.; in 1802, came to Winona Co., Minn,; in 1865, came to Garnavillo, Clayton Co., Iowa ; in 1868, removed to Osage, Mitchell Co., Iowa, and was proprietor of Massingham House for a torm of about seven years ; in 1875, came to West Union ; owns forty- throe acres in the suburbs of West Union. Mr. M. has been engaged in the hotel busine.ss about twenty years. Married C. J. Miller in 1841 ; she was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., in 1823 ; have seven children — Mary, Anna, Henry, Julia. William, Harvey and Fred. Members of the Episcopal Church. Merritt, David, Sec. 4. MERRITT, l>AVID ¥., retired farmer; born Sept. 4, 1818, in Chau- tauqua Co., N. Y.; in 1851, came to Clayton Co., Iowa, and settled on Sec. 23, Cass Tp.; in 1874, removed to West Union ; he owns forty-two acres, valued at 130 per acre. Married Mary J. Clough Nov. 10, 1852 ; she was boru Feb. 21, 1H33, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; had throe children, two living — Frank and Fred. Are members of the Baptist Church. Is a Republican. Merritt, Morris, far.. Sec. 5. Meske), Ed., far., S. 35. Meskel, Pat., farmer, Sec. 34. Melter, D. V., laborer. Melter, R., laborer. MILIiAR, CHAS. H., attorney; born Dec. 25, 1840, in Auburn, N. Y. ; same year, came with his parents to Chicago ; removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and came to West Union, in 1855; he first read law with the Hon. L. L. Ains- worth then attended a law school in Chicago, returned and formed a law partnership with L. L. Ainsworth, his former tutor. Married Jennie Illing- worth, Feb. 15, 1870 ; she was born in 1850, in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio ; have four children — Loa, Daisy, Benjamin I., and Alfred Q. Enlisted Aug. 16, 1861; in Co. F, 9th I. V. I. ; served until Aug. 19, 1872, when he was transferred by promotion to Co. G, 38th I. V. I, with rank of Second Lieutenant ; was WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 589 •commissioned Captain of said Co. Nov. 4, 1872, was Provost Marshal of St. Louis District and Parish Ascension, La., also Assistant Provost Marshal General of the Department of the Gulf, and for some time acting P. M. Q. of said Department under Gens. Hurl- but and Canby ; \ras relieved and joined his regiment in Florida ; participated in the battles of Sugar Creek, Pea Ridge, and others. Miller, J. F., station agent. Miller, W. H. Milligan, J. C, laborer. Milligan, William, retired farmer. JKDTCHIX, ClilXTOlS B., dealer in clothing, dry goods, &c., Bank Block, Vine St. ; born in Prophetstown, White- side Co., HI., June 6, 1843. In Oct. 6, 1861, he enlisted in Co. K, 34th I. V. I., and was in nearly all the engagements that the regiment participated in ; must- ered out in Aug. 1865 ; after leaving the army, he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at Lyons, Iowa, where he remained until he removed to West Union, jn Aug., 1S75. He married Aggie Buell Oct. 20, 1869 ; she was born at St. Catherines, Iowa. MEHOnCK, DAVID, retired farmer; born Nov. 13, 1S20, in Luzerne Co., Penn. ; in 1844, he came to Fulton Co., Ohio; in 1845, came to Rock Co., Wis. ; in 1852, came to Fayette Co., and settled on Sec. 6, Windsor Tp. ; he owns 270 acres of land, valued at S30 per acre ; he also owns a house and lot in Waucoma. Married Catherine Les- ter, June 17, 1S42 ; she was born Feb. 14, 1819, in Monroe Co., Penn. ; had four children, two living — Sterling C, born Jan. 28, 1850 ; Margaret (now Mrs. Mayo), born Sept. 24, 1844. MOATS, A. P., blacksmith, car- riage and wagon shop ; born June 28, 1845, in Ashland Co., Ohio ; in 1853, came to Clayton Co., Ohio ; in 1870, came to Fayette Co., and commenced his present business in 1875. Married Addie E. Helm Oct. 27, 1866; she was born Feb. 6, 1844, in Essex Co., N. Y. ; had four children, three living — Ethelbert H., Jesse M., Emmet E. Mrs. M. is a member of the M. E. Church. He enlisted in 1862, in Co., H, 38th I. V. I., and served to the close of the war ; was in the Department of the Gulf. Money, James, farmer. Sec. 3. M0XTG09IERY, JAMES C, farmer. See. 16; born July 17, 1828, in Mercer Co., Penn. ; in 1869, came to Fayette Co., and settled on Sec. 4, Jef- ferson Tp. ; in 1875, removed to his present farm ; owns 129 acres of land, valued at $60 per acre. Married Mary J. Montgomery Nov. 19, 1869 ; she was born March 17, 1845, in Delaware Co., Iowa.; had one child by a former marriage, Nancy Ann ; have four chil- dren by present marriage — Charles E., Maud I., Mary M. and Blanch. He is a Democrat. MONTGOMERY, J. K., farmer, Sees. 5 and 8 ; born Dec. 20, 1840, in Mercer Co., Penn. ; in 1842, came to Delaware Co. with his parents ; in 1876, removed to his present farm ; they own 228 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. Married Mary jMellon Nov. 23, 1864 ; she was born April 3, 1840, in Crawford Co., Penn.; have two children — Isabella and Wm. A. Ave members of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church. He is a Democrat. Has been School Director. MORSE, B., Clerk of the Courts, resides on Maple st. ; born Mai-ch 16, 1826, in St. John, N. B.; in 1848, came to Ohio, and, in 1856, came to West Union; followed the carpenter and joiner trade until 1857, when he engaged in the cabinet business, which he continued until the Fall of 1870, when he was appointed Deputy Clerk ; in Jan., 1875, he became Clerk of the Courts. Married Sarah E. Banks in Oct., 1847; she was born March 4, 1823, in Sunbury Co., X. B ; had five children, four living — x^nna E. (^now Mre. Roberts), Addie (^now Mrs. Miles), James T. and Lulu. Members of the Baptist Church ; Mr. M. is Deacon of the Church. Is a Republican. Morse, H., Sec. 13. Mosur, A. H. ^TOONAN, MICHAEL, far., Sec. 27. NEFF, J. D., of the firm of Long & Neff, dru^ists and booksellers. Bank Block, vine st. ; residence on Walnut St. ; born in Connellsville, Fayette Co., 590 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Penn., Jan. 4, 1853; came to Auburn, Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1856 ; resided there until 1861, when he came to West Union. He was employed in the County Recorder's office from 1873 to 1875; from 1875 to 1877, he was Deputy Clerk of the Court. JTEFZGER, C. T., general mer- chandise. Vine St.; born Nov. 27, 1825, in Germany ; in 1834, came to Craw- ford Co., Ohio; in 1854, came to West Union, and run the first threshing ma- chine ; then opened a grocery ; in 1856, commenced speculating in land ; the same year, he bought a farm and lived on it for about two years, then returned to West Union, and commmced the mercantile trade, which he continued for about seven years; in 1869, he entered the agricultural and grocery trade; in 1871, commenced his present business, in connection with stock and produce. Married Martha Osborn in May, 1849 ; she was born in 1830, in Marion Co., Ohio ; had six children — four living — Ida M. (now Mrs. Berry), Bion, Mabel C, and Grant O. Is a memlDer of the M. E. Church. /^LESON, HANS. OGSBURY, OEO., Mayor and Justice of the Peace, residence on Plum street; born Jan. 21, 1826, in Albany Co., N. Y. ; learned the mason and bricklaying trade there ; in 1849, came to Corning, N. Y. ; in 1851, came to Cleveland, Ohio ; and, in 1856, came to Fayette (}o., Iowa, and continued at his trade until elected Mayor ; his last contract was the building of the Court House, which cost in all |7,200. Mar- ried Mary E. Millan in April, 1853; she was born in 1 828, in New York ; have one child — C. F.; also an adopted child — Mary Ogsbury. Mrs. Ogsbury is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Ogsbury has been Assessor for ten yeai-s, and Township School Trustee for eight years. Is a Republican. Orman, G. K. OWEWS, JOHIV, of the firms of Owens & Davis, general merchants, and Owens, Cook & Co., dealers in stock, agricultural implements, etc. ; store, warehouse and office, on Elm street, opposite Public Square ; residence on 2 Elm St. ; born near Belfast, Ireland^ Dec. 17, 1836; came to Fulton City, 111., twenty -one years ago ; resided ther& until he came here, in the Spring of 1861 ; engaged in farming about three years ; since then in the mercantile busi- ness. Married Mary Rouen July 31, 1864 ; she was born in Ireland May 27^ 1 842 ; they have had six children ;. lost three— John Francis, born April 19, 1867, died July 19, 1868; Mary Ellen, born May 1, 1865 — died June 18, 1870 ; Margai-et Anna, born April 11, 1869, died June 19, 1870, aged 1 year, 2 months and 8 days ; the liv- ing are Frances Teresa, born July 23, 1873 ; Emelina L., born Feb. 28, 1876 ; Charles Edward, born March 16, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Owens are members of the Catholic Church. AINE, W. J. P Parrott, Henrv, shoemaker. PAJBROTT, WM. D., watob maker and jeweler. Vine st., residence- . same; born April 18, 1822, in Birming- ham, England ; in 1830, came to New York city; in 1831, went to Ches- ter Co., Penn. ; in 1838, went to- Philadelphia ; in 1843, returned to Chester Co.; in 1846, went to Potts- town, Penn. ; in 1849, came to Center Co., Penn., and in 1854, came to West Union, Iowa ; he leai-ned his trade in Philadelphia, and has followed it ever since. Married Margaret Bagnell May 1, 1838 ; she was born Feb. 14, 1823, in PhUipsburg, Center Co., Penn.; died April 27, 1874; had thirteen children, ten are living — William H., Joseph D., James B., Edward L., Jane W. (now Mrs. Hodgkinson), Henry C, Eva (now Mrs. Vines), Ella, Lillie and Maggie B. PECK. MYRON, of the firm of Peck & Heiserman, manufacturers of carriages and wagons ; residence, corner of Vine st. and Bradford Road ; born ia Hume, Allegany Co., N. Y., Aug. 1, 1830 ; removed to Eockton, Winnebago Co., 111., in 1844 ; resided there until he came to West Union in 1854. He has been extensively engaged in the manu- facture of wagons sinci; he came here. Was Alderman of the city several years ; also member of the School Board; is one of the directors of the Fayette Co- WEST UNION TOWNSHIP. 591 National Baflk. Married Melissa A. Stafford ; she was bom in Anbum, Geauga Co., Ohio ; they have four chil- dren — Charles W., Nellie S., Louisa and Mabel M. Periee, W. N., carpenter. Perry, M. H., Baptist minister. Philfips, Anson, Sec. 17. PHTLIilPS, E. Jf., Postmaster, residence on Elm street ; bom Dec. 26, 1834, in La Porte, Ind. ; in 1836, went to Winnebago Co., near Rockford ; in 1847, went to Greene Co., Wis. ; in 1850, came to Fayette Co., and has made this his home ever since. Married Emma Cox Nov. 1, 1866 ; she was bom in 1844, in England ; they have three children — Everett M., Charles C. and John T. Is a Republican ; has been Alderman several terms. JEnlisted in 1862, in Co. H, 18th Iowa Infantry ; served one year and was discharged on account of a wound received in line of duty Jan. 8, 1863, at Springfield, Mo. Phillips, L. C., fer., Sec. 15. /^UAKENBUSH, JOHN, laborer. "pAPP, JOHN, Reed, G. H. BEEDEB, THOJUAS D., far., Sec. 5 ; bom Jan. 8, 1847, in Mercer Co., Penn. ; in 1854, came to West Union ; settled on his present farm in 1877 ; owns 170 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. Married Isabelle Mont- gonjery Sept. 13, 1876 ; she was bom in Delaware Co., Feb. 18, 1847 ; have one child — Robert D., born Jan. 23, 1878. She is a member of the Presby- terian Church. He has been School Director. Enlisted in 1862, in Co. C, 6th Iowa Cavalry, served three years ; was at the battle of White Stone HUl, and in other battles on the Western fron- tier. Redfield, D. W. Redfield, W. Rich, A. E., nurseryman. Richmond, H. Rickle, H., attorney. Riley, James, meat market. Risner, H., Sec. 18. Bobbins, G. E. Bobertfi, C. B. Roberts, M. J. BOBEBTS, O., firm of Roberta & Glass, furniture, Main St.; born June 25, 1813. in Waldo Co., Me.; in 1853, came to Bridgeport, Conn.; in 1857, came to Chickasaw Co., Iowa, and com- menced the furniture trade, and so con- tinued till 1877, when he came to West Union. Married M. J. Treat ; she was born Feb. 2, 1817, in Waldo Co., Me.; had ten children, four Uving — Mary A., now Mrs. Pepper; Florence A., now Mrs. Glass ; Ella M., now Mrs. Sntton, and F. W. Is a Republican. Mrs. R. is a member of the M. E. Church. Robinson, S. E., Phy^cian. Rogers, O. W., lawyer. BOGEBS, JACOB WEJTT- WOBTH, HO]^., of the firm of J. W. Rogers & Son, attorneys and real estate dealers, office in Owens & Davis' Block, Elm street, opposite Public Square ; bom in Moultonboro, N. H., Aug. 15, 1820 ; in September, 1843 , he removed to McHenry Co., 111.; in 1845, went to Monroe, Wis.; Sept. 7, 1849, he came to West Union. The Judge built the first house within the present limits or addition to this city ; he was the first Postmaster here, appointed in 1850 ; he was Clerk of the District Court; in 1854, he was elected to the Legislature from this district He was admitted to the bai- June 1, 1855 ; was engaged in the real estate business here from 1853 until June, 1875 ; he was elected County Judge in 1857 ; served two terms; resigned that position in 1861. In August, 1862, he raised Co. F, 38th I. V. I., and was commissioned Captain of the company ; was at the siege of Vicksburg and Fort Morgan ; mustered out Jan. 1, 1865. Married, in Belvidere, to Sarah J. Simons, Feb. 25, 1848 ; she was born in N. Y., April 14, 1830 ; they have five children — Ada A. (now Mrs. Elisha M. Eggleston, of California), Oscar W., Anna A. (now Mrs. Chas. F. Babcock), Omar A., and Frances (now Mr.s. John S. Sampson, Jr.) Rosier, G. N., far.. Sec. 9. Rosier, J. R., Sec. 5. BOSIEB, L,AWBEKCE, former. Sec. 6 ; born July 27, 1850, in Clayton Co., Iowa ; the same year came to Fay- ette Co., with his parents ; has remained 592 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : here ever since ; owns 90 acres, valued ' at $40 per acre. Married Sai'ah A. i Jamison, Dec. 25, 1869 ; she was born January, 1856, in Allamakee Co., Iowa ; had two children, both died in infancy. Mrs. R. is a member of the Church of the United Brethren. Rowland, Sam, far., Sec. 15. RIJSH, C. F., farmer. Sec. 19; born Mai-ch 28, 1854, in West Union; he settled on his present farm in 1875 ; owns ninety-one acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. Married Annie Rosier Oct. 11, 18*74 ; she was born Oct. 30, 1856; have one child — William H., born Jan. 5, 1876. Is a Republican. Runkle, Michael, Sec. 30. RUSH, HENRY, capitalist ; resides on Sec. 16, near city limits; born in Rutland, Yi , Nov. 17, 1826; removed to Erie Co., N. Y., when 9 years of age; when 16 years of age, he moved to Cat- taraugus Co., N. Y., where he resided until he came to West Union in Novem- ber, 1853 ; engaged for many years in farming and carpenter and joiner work ; loaning money for a long period, that being his principal business now. He was for four years Deputy Sheriff. He has seven children — -Henry E., Charles F., Mary, widow of George Hands; Frank M., Jennie, now Mrs. John Sheean; Grant and Clinton. Ryan, Pat, laborer. Q( ALTZGIVER, DAVID, Sec. 11. Salzgiver, John, Sec. 11. Saltzgiver, J. C, far.. Sec. 2. SAMPSON, JOHN S., boots and shoes, Vine st. ; born May 15, 1829, in Devonshire, England ; in 1851, came to Genesee Co., N. Y. ; the same year removed to Bellevue, Ohio ; in 1854, came to West Union, and commenced his present business. Married Mary J. Hale May, 1854; she was born in 1831, in Devonshire, England, and died April 7, 1865, in West Union ; had five children, three living — Clara, Edna, and Fred. H. He is a Republican. Has been Town Trustee. SAMPSON, RICHARD, mer chant tailor and ready made clothing, on Vine St. ; residence same ; born Dec. 16, 1831, in Portsmouth, England; at j the age of 14, he commenced to learn the tailoring trade, and finished at the age of 21 ; then worked as a journey- man for nine years ; at the age of 30, he commenced business in Portsmouth for himself, and continued until 1872, when he came to West Union. Mai-ried Jane Woollacott Dec. 8, 1851 ; she was horn Sept., 1831, in England; had two children, one living — Jno. S.,born Sept. 27, 1852. They are members of the M. E. Church. Sanford, S. S., farmer. Sec. 17. Schermerhorn, A. G., bookkeeper with E. P. Sears & Co. Schroyer, John, farmer. Sec. 19. Schroyer, L. Schwestka, Frank, baa-ber. Schwelrzke, F., barber. Scofield, P. D., druggist. SCRIVNER, JOHN W., capital- ist; born in Frederick Co., Va., July 4, 1828 ; removed to Noble Co., Ind., in 1848; lived iu Indiana until he came to West Union, Oct. 6, 1855. During his residence in Indiana, he was engaged, most of the time, in the lumber busi- ness for the railroad companies. In December, 1854, he married Elizabeth Brayton, of Indiana ; they have three children — Susan (now Mrs. Henry Schricker), Mary E. and Edwin R. When Mr. Scrivner first came to Fay- ette Co., he lived for one year and a half in West Union, then engaged in farming in lUyria Tp., where he re- mained seven years. During that time, he was, for five years, Post master of Leon Post Ofiice, and held various other positions while a resident of lUyria Tp. ; since 1862, he has resided in- West Union nearly all the time. Sears, M. L., clerk. SEARS, E. P., firm of E. P. Sears & Co., groceries, crockery, notions, &o. ; born July 20, 1854, in Rook Co., Wis. ; in 1868, came to West Union Tp,, and commenced farming; and in 1873, came to West Union, and was a clerk for L. Berkey, general merchandise; in 1875, he commenced his present busi- ness ; his father is a member of the firm. His parents are members of the Presby- terian Church. He is a Republican, Sears, H. Sears, T. W., merchant. Solders, Wm., WEST UNION TOWNSHil*. 593 Shaw, E. B., bank teller. Shdk, Fred., shoemaker. SHEPAKD, BRADIi£Y, farm- er, Sec 21 and 22 ; bom Dec 30,1824, in Jefferson Co.. N. T. ; in 1839, came to McHenry Co., El. ; in 1855, came to West Union; owns 240 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. Married Eliza- beth C. Spencer April 28, 1853 ; she was bom Oct. 26, 1832, in IdTingston Co., N. T. ; had six children, four liv- ing — Oliva M.. Harry A., Elizabeth S., and Ralph S. Sheik, Adam, fiirmer. Sec 14. SIBERT, E. F., restaurant, etc.; was bom May 10, 1847, near Hazel Green, Wis. ; in 1848, came to Minne- sota ; in 1859, came to Galena, 111. ; in 1863, returned to Hazel Green, and there learned the harness trade ; in 1 864, came to Shellsburg, Wis.; in 1865, came to Darlington, Wis. ; in 1868, came to Cascade, Iowa ; in 1869, came to Dubuque, then commenced railroad business on the Iowa Central ; in 1870, came to West Union. Married Belle Dershaw July 15, 1873 ; she was bom February, 1858, in West Union ; have two children — Augusta M., and A. B. Siman, Asher, farmer, Sec. 4. Simar, E., fermer, Sec. 4. Sliter, J. D., fermer, Sec. 17. Slocnm, William, farmer. Sec. 21. Smith, A. C, fermer. Sec. 11. Smith, Albert, fermer, See. 26. Smith, C, fermer. Sec. 35. Smith, D. E., marble. Smith, D. 0., laborer. Smith, E. E., carpenter. Smith, James Flovd, retired fermer. Smith, J. F. Jr , fermer. Sec. 4. Smith, Morris, fermer, Sec. 14. SfilTSr, 31. li., saloon and billiards ; was bom Nov. 17, 1842, in Germany ; in 1854, came to Piano, 111. ; in 1857, came to LaSalle Co., El.; in 1860, came to Grandy Co., 111. ; and in 1869, came to W^t Union. Married Laura Carpenter January, 1866 ; she was bom in 1848. He enlisted, in August, 1861, in Co. I, 55tb I. V. I., and served during the war ; was in the battles of ShDoh, si^ of Corinth, Hollow Springs, ai^e of Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, siege of Atlanta, Sherman's march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Smith, W. H. Snyder, Dan, fermer, Sec. 23. Souder, F., insurance. SOUTH, A. C, firmer. Sec. 16; was bora May 7, 1808, in New Jersey ; in 1S28, came to Pennsylvania; in 1831, came to Illinois; in 1833, came to Wisconsin, and in 1849, came to W^t Union ; he owns 180 acres of land, valued at $iQ per acre. Married An- oeline Billings Jan. 9, 1853 ; she wag bom in 1830, in Utica, N. Y., and died Jan. 9, 1S75; had eleven children, five living — -£mma C, Charles D., John M., A. Lincoln and lola. He is a Eepublican. Has been Deputy Sher- iff two terms. Southwick, Burt, fermer. Sec. 22. Speed, C. W., fermer. Sec. 18. Spencer, N. C, fer.. Sec. 22. STAFFORD, ». C, farmer and stock dealer and breeder of Poland-China hogs and cotswold sheep; bom Oct. 18, 1839, in Anbum, Geauga Co., Ohio; in 1850 came to West Union. Married Martha McMasters Sept. 15, 1862 ; she was bom May 15, 1838, in Center Co., Penn.; have one child — Harry, bom Feb. 6, 1864. Mrs. S. is a member of the M. E. Church. He owns sixty acres of land in Sec. 17, West Union, valued at §6,000. His father built and kept the first public house here ; his parents are living on their ferm near West Union. Is a Eepublican. Stafford. J. H.. far.. S ec. 1 7. STAFFOKD, 3IIBO]!!?, firmer, Sees. 27 and 34 ; bom Aug. 19, 1834, in Geauga Co., Ohio ; in 1850, came with his parents to West Union; settled on his pr^ent farm in 1874 ; owns 105 acres land, valued at §25 per acre. Married Margaret Cochren March 17, 1 860 ; she was bom in 1 828, in Ireland ; had four children, two living — Emily and Lizzie. Are members of the M. E. Church. Stansbury, George, fermer 36. Stansbuiy, John, farmer. Sec. 36. Stansbury. Louis, farmer, Sec 25. Steams, W, 0., farmer. Sec. 27 STEWART, JAUES, real estate, res. on Wells St., between Main and Elm sts.; born July 4, 1835, in Shelby Co., Ohio ; April 6, 1855, came to West Union ; enga^d in farming till 594 DIRECTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY: October, 1861 ; in 1865. was elected County Treasurer, and held this position for ten years, then commenced his pres- ent business. Married Henrietta M. Parker ; she was born in Buffalo, N. Y.; had four children, three living — Inia E.; Frank 0. and Martha E. Enlisted, in 1861, in Co. C, 12th T. V. I.; was dis- charged June 20, 1865, on account of a wound received at the battle of Tupelo, Miss.; engaged at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, at which place the regiment was captured and taken prisoners ; was paroled at Arkins' Landing, Va.; then was exchanged and sent to the siege of Vicksburg. Sturges, P. T., retired merchant. Sturm, H. C. Sutherland, A. SWEABIJTGEX, ABRAUI T., dealer in flour and feed ; he also does general draying and express business; store on Elm St., opposite Public Square; res. on Vine St., near Elm ; born in Ver- milion Co., 111., March 31, 1833; parents moved to De Witt Co., 111., in the Fall of 1833; in 1856, Mr. S. re- moved to Blue Earth Co., Minn., where he resided until he came to West Union in 1874. He enlisted Aug. 17, 1863; in Co. D, 9th Minn. V. I.; mustered out Sept. 25, 1865. He married Amy M. Allen Oct. 25, 1857 ; she was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y.; they have had two children — Eliza Jane, died Feb. 25, 1863, aged 4 years and 5 months ; they have one living — John R., born Feb. 1, 1861. Swearingen, T. rpAYLOR, 0. C, livery. TAIiMAOOE, CHARIiES H., editor and proprietor of the Gazette, Vine St., res. on same street ; born Oct. 10, 1842, in Erie Co., Penn,, in 1850; came to Winnebago Co., 111., with his parents; in 1856, came to Mitchell Co., Iowa, and in 1865, came to West Union, and established the Gazette in 1867. Married Lucy H. Whittemore Oct. 23, 1866 ; she was born September, 1843, in Providence, R. I.; have two children — D. H. and J. C. Enlisted in Co. I, 3d I. V. I.; served three years and was honorably discharged ; was in the battle of Shiloh and other engagements. TAYLOR, O. E., Deputy Sheriff and livery stable. Thatcher, A. H., farmer. Sec. 23. Thatcher, S. A. Thomas, C. H., merchant. Thomas, Gr. H., merchant. Thomas, W. B. merchant. Thompson, A., farmer, See. 14. Thompson, Alfred, farmer, Sec. 14. THOMPSON, GEO., barber, oppo- site Public Square ; born. Nov. 28, 1832, in Nelson Co., Ky. ; in 1838, he came with his parents to Rock Island, 111. ; in 1839, came to Moline, 111. ; in 1845, came to Henry Co., 111. ; in 1857, . came to Fayette Co. ; he owns 80 acres of land, adjoining the city limits. Mar- ried Harriet A. Van Dower Dec. 24, 1868 ; she was born in 1834, in Ohio ; have six children — G-eo. H., James, Emma, Luther J., Ida M. and Clara M. Thompson, J. B., farmer. Sec. 24. Thompson, Thos. TIPPIiE, HANNAH, MRS., widow of Geo. Tipple, Sec. 20. ; he was born March 14, 1812, in Columbia Co., N. Y. ; came to West Union in 1856, and died Sept. 30, 1870; she was born July 26, 1816, in Otsego Co., N. Y. They were married Sept. 13, 1834, in Otsego Co., N. Y. ; they own 150 acres of land, valued at $6,000; have three children — Arthur G., born Aug. 19, 1838 ; Ella M., born July 26, 1849, and Florence W., born Sept. 6, 1853. Are members of the Congregational Church. Troub, John, farmer, Sec. 27. Trout, M. N., farmer. Sec. 23. Twitchel, D. W., farmer. Sec. 32. Tyrell, L. W., blacksmith. TTGORAK, C. A., farmer, Sec. 14. "TTAUGHN, J. L., farmer. Sec. 30. Vaughn, J. L., Jr., farmer. Sec. 30. Vankirk, J. ADE, EOBT. W Wade, Wm. Ward, E. E., farmer. Sec. 19. Weatherbee, Jas. Weaver, John. Webber, David. Weir, John, farmer, Sec. 16. Wells, Hama. Wells, Moses, farmer Sec. 17 and 20. WEST UXIOS TOWSSHIP. 505 -ff*^, C. E. Vekh. D. B. WELSH. J. J.t liverj. and veterin- uj soi^in ; i>oru in Washington Co., Penn.. July 2, 1S2T ; in 1S35. came to Mnskingam Co.. Ohio: in lS4t>. came to TTnion Co., Ohio; in lSo-3. eame to W«t Union. Married Isabella .Seoti Aug. 29. If-tS . she was born Oct. 16, 1S2T. in Knox Co., Ohio; had seToi childrea, four living — Wm. E., Ehmily A. \now Mr. Cannon'. Eran|' and 1S61. and ttom ISiU to ISdS: serred as Deputv Sheriff in 1S7" and 1S71 : was City Marshal in 1S76 and 1S77. when he was dected Sh«iff: enlisted in Co. A. oSth I. V. I.; serred one year; was unanimous^ ' ekcted Captain of Company A ; was through the seige of Yicksbnrg and its suirender. V*h. W. K. "Waner, Geo., restaurant Whederj J., farmer, Seo. 30. "WTieeler, N.. former. See. 30. White, A. White. A. K.. druggist. WHrmoRE, fkjlXK y.. County Treasure- : readence corner Yme and Bradford streets; bom in Lebanon. Miidis.>n Co.. N. T.. Jan. 12. 1SH> : i«moTed to Wauseon. Ohio, in > March. ISdcl : resided thereuntil Aprfl, 1^69. when he came to West Union. For a short time he was employed in the County Auditor's ofEce ; from Xo- Teml>a-, 1S69, to Jan. 1. lS7i>. he was Deputy Ootmtj Treasurer. In October, '.ST5. he was first elected ConnTT Treasurer : rw elected in October, 1S77. He married AJice Y. Beach Sept. 3, 1ST2; she was bom in Eaton. N. T. ; they have three children — ^Frank B., Flora L. and Alrah P. Mr. and Mr? Whi-more are members of the Baptist Church. Whitney. E. A., bank cashier. Whitnsy, W. A., hardware. Wilbur. K. L.. for.. Sec. 35. WELBEK, R. T.. former, Sec. 35 : bom Aug. 26. 1S29, in Columbia Co.. X. T. ; in 1 SSi, went with his parents to Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; in 1S4S, went to Warren Co., Penn. ; in 1S5M. went to Erie Co., N. T. : in 1S.55. eame to Fayette Co.. Iowa : settled on his present form in 1S59 : owns 135 acres of land, valued at S-^' ' per acre. Married Lydia Peer July 2, lS4i' ; she was born Aug. 9, 1S2!:^, in the town of Wood- stock, T:>. : had ten children, seven are living — AloQio, Lewis, Charles S.. Wil- lis. FRink T.. Helen A. aad 3Iinnie D. Has been Sohix>l Director and Boad Supervisor. Williams. E. C. Williams. R. D., machine asent. Wilsoi . Charies, laborer. Wimber. F. Wimber. H.. waaon maker. WIX«OTT. DATID, carpenter and joiner. r«s. on State St.: bom August 27. l?li>. in Frederick Co., Md.; in lS2t?. came to Tuajarawas Co., Ohio; in IS-H. went to Miami Co.. Ind.; in 1S44, returned to Ohio; in 1?46, went to Wayne Co., Ohio ; in lSo4. wait to Ashland Co., Ohio; in 1S56, came to West Union. Married Catherine Ecker May 14, 1S46: she was born Feb. 24. 1S22. in Wavie Co., Ohio : had four children, three living — A. E.. C. W. and Clara M. Mr. W. is Township Trustee. Member of the Church of the Disciples. WOX^TKSBERG, H., merchant tailor, and read^ made clothing : bom Jan. 19, 1S24. in Prussia. Germany; in 1552. came to Iowa, and in 1S53, to West Union. Married Helen Era- kaw Xov. 11. 1S.J)7 ; she was bom in 1S34. in Gfermany, died Dec 11. 1S71 ; have four children — Minnie. Otto. The- odore and Helen. He is a Repub- fican. Woodard, Charles, lumber. Wright. J. S., hardware clerk. Wrisht, Thos.. waaK>n maker. ZEIGUER/ SAHrEL B.. attorney at law. and Vice President of the Fayette Cotmty National Bank, and President of the Fayette County Savings Bank, residence on Vine St., near Main ; bom in Lyivmiiig Co., Penn., Dec. 6. 1S31 ; removed to Du- buque Co.. Iowa, in 1S54 : came to We?t Union in June, ISot! : engaged in the practice of his profession, and doing banking business since he came here ; he etablisbed the first bank in Fayette 696 DIRECTORY OF FATETTE COUNTY: Co., in April, 1866; the National Bank was organized in Aug., 1872. Mr. Z. was Mayor of this city four terms in succession. Married Laura W. Adams- Dec. 28, 1859 ; she was born in Mont- pelier, Vt. HARLAN TOWNSHIP. ADAMS, G. B., farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Maynard. Adams, L., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Maynard. Adrain, W., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Maynard. Allison, T. v., grain buyer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Maynard. Andres, F. P., far., S. 32; P. 0. Maynard. Ashbaugh, I., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Maynard. Ashbaugh, W.,far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Maynard. Auger, G. D., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Maynard. BAENS, H., farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. Barns, S. T., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. Barns, M., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. Beattie, W. B., groceries, Maynard. Beaver, John, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Maynard. Beaver, Samuel, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette. Beckner, J. E.,far., S. 22 ; P.O. Maynard. Beckner, J. E., far.,S. 9 ; P. 0. Maynard. Benson, W. P., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Maynard. Bement, Olin D., section hand, Maynard. Brackett, 0. C, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Mavnard. Brown, E., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Maynard. OANELL, J., farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Maynard. Capro, Peter, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette. CARPENTER, EZRA, farmer, S. 26 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Ohio, Aug. 4, 1842. Since coming to this county, he has held the oflSce of School Director. Married Rebecca I. Simpson June 13, 1866 ; she was born in Illinois Nov. 9, 1847 ; have had six children — Walter, born Jan. 20, 1873 ; Maggie, born Oct. 21, 1868 ; Mary, born Aug. 2, 1871 ; Jennie, born Nov. 8, 1873 ; Lot- tie, born March 19, 1876, died Feb. 8, 1877; Ezra, born Feb. 6, 1878. Mr. Carpenter's farm consists of 120 acres. Carpenter, R. I., far., S. 26; P. 0. May- nard. Carr, James, far., 8. 33 ; P. 0. Maynard. Clapp, A. F., far. S. 31 ; P. 0. Maynard. Clapp, A., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Maynard. Clark, Andrew. Clark, F. E., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Maynard. Clark, J. W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Maynard. Cline, P., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Maynard. Cline, S', far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Maynard. Colbert, R. H., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Fayette.. Cramer, R. H., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Maynard. Crawford, A. F., far., S. 10 ; P.O. Maynard. Crawford, W., grain buyer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Maynard. Cronk, J., tenant far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette. Cushman, S. P., merchant ; P. 0. Maynard.. DAVIS, W. E., merchant; Sec. 14;. P. 0. Maynard. Deashammer, J. M., tenant far., Sec. 32 ;. P. 0. Oelwein. Delong, W., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Maynard. Dewey, A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. Dewey, F., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Maynard. Dewey, J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. Dewey, Milo ; P. 0. Maynard. Dewey, T. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. DIMIiER, IIARGARET M., widow. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Maynard ; with the assistance of an adopted son, she suc- cessfully manages a farm of 120 aorts. Her late husband, George Dimler, was born in Allegheny, Penn., July 4, 1819 ;. when a boy he was bound out to a man in Ohio, but not receiving the proper- treatment, he ran away and came to Illi- nois ; at Rockford he became acquainted with Margaret M. Simpson, whom he married Jan. 1, 1850. Mr. D. enlisted in Co. G, 27th I. V. I. ; was discharged on account of sickness. Came to this county in 1868 ; on the 19th of March 1877, from the effects of internal injuries, caused by a spirited horse jarring him against a stall out of which he was try- ing to lead the animal, he departed this life, greatly to the regret of his bereaved , ,, widow, and all others who knew him. "■" Mrs. D. is a native of Farfar, Scotland, where she was born Oct. 14, 1833 ; she came to this country, with her parents, when 11 years old; two adopted chil- dren — Thomas F. and Olive, were bom respectively June 29, 1853, and Jan.. 13, 1865. HARLAN TOWNSHIP. 59T Donat, A. P., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Fayette. Downs, A., far., 8. 2 ; P. 0. Maynard. Dwyer, T., far , 8. 18 ; P. 0. Maynard. TT^CKEE, A., far., 8. 36 ; P. 0. Maynard. TpOS8KETT, J. H. Fox, J. E., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Maynard. Fox, Pat, far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Maynard. Fox, T. E., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Maynard. Fusaell, D. E , merchant, Sec. 19; P. 0. Fayette. GATES, JOHN, for.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Oelwein. Gould, Ed. Gray, H., far., 8. 2 ; P. 0. Maynard. Gray, Myron; P. 0. Maynard. Grey, C, far., 8. 24 ; P. 0. Maynard. Grey, H., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Maynard. Guritz, Wm., far., 8. 12 ; P. 0. Maynard. HARKINS, J.iMES, tenant farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Fayette. HADSEIi, H. S., DR., Maynard; attended lectures at the University of Michigan ; bom in DundaiF, Susquehan- na Co., Penn., Jan. 12, 1852 ; came to Iowa, settling in Linn Co., with his parents, in 1865 ; lived there eight years, when, after a short stay in Bremer Co., he came to this county in 1875. A Re- publican in politics ; he was elected As- sessor in the Fall of 1877 ; on the 12th of January, 1878, he was commissioned by Gov. Newbold to act as Notary Pub- lic. Married Hettie Latimere, on the Ist of December, 1875, in Fayette, who was born in Clarion Co., Penn., Oct. 2, 1851 ; have one child — Harry, born in Maynard Sept. 8, 1877. Harkins, John, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Fayette. Hart, Wm. H.,far, S. 16 ; P. 0. Maynard. Henderson, A. W., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette. Hotchkiss, 8., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Fayette. Hotchkiss, W., farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Fayette. Hurlbert, E. ; P. 0. Fayette. HULBERT, HEWRY S., nurs eryman. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette ; born in Oswego Co., N. Y., April 28, 1839. Belongs to the M. E. Church. Mar- ried Mary D. Johnson, who was bom May 31, 1839 ; mother of five children — Mettie, William H., Clara H., Esther A. and Eliza I. Mr. Benjamin N. Johnson, father of Mrs. Hubert, born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Aug. 6, 1803, has 120 acres of land, valued at $3,600 ; came to this county in 1852 ; is one of the earliest settlers of the county ; be- longs to the Congregational Church. Married for his second wife Caroline Johnson, born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Oct. 12, 1819; by his first wife had eight children — Norton B., William 8., Betsy M., Nancy D., Horace B., David H., Albert P., Annice 8. E. Emi- grated to Cook Co., 111., in 1838 ; from there, went to McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1852, came to this county. Mr. John- son commenced here a poor man, with only $5 in his pocket to battle against the hardships of a new country. Mr.. Johnfcon had three sons in the Union army. INGRAM, IRA 8., farmer. Sec. 6 P. 0. Fayette. JONES, CHARLES, farmer, Sec. 24 P. 0. Maynard. KIRBY. MORRIS, farmer. Sec. 35 P. 0. Maynard. Kingery, J. W., far., 8.16; P. 0. Maynard, LEMMON, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 35 P. 0. Maynard. Lewis, A., fanner. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Maynard Lewis, H., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Maynard Lewis, M. C, far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Maynard McGEB, JAS., far., Sec. 34 ; P. Maynard. Mackay, Hiram W., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Maynard. Malvern, W. v., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. May- nard. Maynard, G., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Maynard. MAYKARD, HEIVRY, Maynard; born in Westchester Co., N. Y., Feb. 18, 1816 ; with the exception of two years passed in Broome and Tioga Cos., he- lived in Chenango Co. until he was 29 years old ; moved to Boone Co., 111., in 1845, where he lived until May 1861, when he moved to this county ; was the first to enter land in this township. Is a Republican ; was elected Supervisor shortly after settling here ; has since held the offices of School and Tp. Trustee. Married Charity Rosa, in Chenango Co., in 1838, by whom he had three children ; she was bom in 1818 and died in 1847. Married Amelia Green, who was born in Oswego, Oct. 12, 1827, on the 23d of 598 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Sept., 1849 ; by her had eight children, two of whom are dead ; one son, S. J., enlisted in the 6th Iowa Cavalry. Maynard, S. J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Maynard. Mears, Jas.,far.,Sec. 22; P. 0. Maynard. Michle, P., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Maynard. MIlWfiR, W1I._, far.. Sec. 12; P.O. Maynard ; born in Floyd Tp., Oneida Co., N. Y., Dec. 31, 1830. When young, his parents moved to Cattaraugus Co., where he lived until 1866, when he came to this county. Has held the office of Township Trustee. Married Betsy C. Gray Oct. 31, 1852, in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. She was born in Little Val- ley, same county, N. Y., May 16, 1831 ; died in Payette Co., Iowa, May 15, 1877. Mr. M. has seven children — Eliel T,, bora Oct. 15, 1853 ; Wm. D., Feb. 18, 1855 ; Emily R.. April 1, 1857 ; George G., Oct. 3, 1858 ; Warren B., Nov. 28, 1861, Mary M., April 12, 1867; W. Irving, Sept. 11, 1871. Mr. Miner's farm consists of eighty acres. He is a member of the United Brethren Church. Myers, Harvey J. W., S. 5 ; P. 0. Maynard. Myers, Henry, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Maynard. PALMER, LEROY, laborer. Sec. 14, P. 0. Maynard. Palmer, D., carp., S. 23; P. O. Maynard. Payne, A. S., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Maynard. PAYWE, E. B., farmer ; Sec, 19 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Sept. 5, 1830 ; came to this State and settled in Buchanan Co., in 1856, and to this county in 1874. Is a Re- publican ; during his residence in Bu- chanan Co., he was elected Township Trustee and Road Supervisor. Married Cordelia Martin ; she was bom in Dela- ware Co., March, 1830. William, Louisa, Anna Belle and Frank are their children ; the eldest a very intelligent young man, and is of very great assist- ance to his father in the minagement of their well improved farm of eighty fractional acres. Payne, H., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Maynard. Payne, S„ far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Maynard. PEIIBER, JOHX B., farmer ; Sec. 14; P. 0. Mayaard ; born in Harmony, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., March 17, 1823; moved to Johnstown, Rock Co., Wis., in 1843, where he carried on farm- ing ; during his residence in that State, he held respectively the offices of Justice of the Peace, County Supervisor and School Commissioner; came to this county in 1 868 ; owns 370 aures of farm land. Married Elmira Ransom Jan. 13, 1842, in Sugar Grove, Penn. ; she was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., April 12, 1822; have had six children — John 0., born July 30, 1843, deceased Dec. 11, 1864 ; James R., born March 3, 1848, deceased Aug. 22, 1848 ; one child not christened, born Aug. 5, 1857, died in infancy; Almira A., born March 11, 1861 ; Joseph Napoleon, born March 19, 1864 ; Reuben R., born June 16, 1855. Mr. Pember was the originator of the great Anti-Horse Thief Associa- tion of Wisconsin, which has been so successful in suppressing that species of crime. Pember, R. R., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Maynard. Potter, W. H., Section Boss, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Maynard. Preston, S. H.,far., 8. 20 ; P.O. Maynard. PBESTOJr, L.. H., farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Clayton Co., Iowa, Aug. 19, 1847 ; came to this county in 1864. Married Isadore Dew- ey, Dec. 31, 1869 ; she was born July 23, 1849 ; have had one child — Minnie Delle, born May 10, 1871, died May 3, 1872. Mr. Preston, who is a Republi- can, has been elected to the office of Township Constable for two consecutive EICH, C. B., clerk, Sec. 23; P. 0. Maynard. BI€H, GEOBGE, farmer; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., July 16, 1813 ; moving with his parents to Ohio, he married Mary S. Pond Oct. 12, 1835 ; she was born April 23, 1811, and died Aug. 15, 1844. One child — Mary, born July 28. Married Maria Brown, March 30, 1845, in Auburn, Ohio ; she was born in Newbury, Ohio, July 25, 1818; have had six children — Sarah, born Feb. 14, 1846 ; C. B.,born Jan 17, 1848; Ann, born March 4, 1851; Hattie, born Sept. 8, 1853; Laura, born Feb. 1, 1856; Ida, born March 24, 1859, died Sept. 20, same year. Moving into Boone Co., 111., in 1851, he lived there until 1855, when he- moved to Clinton Co., this State, where he was Justice of the Peace for three years. At the time of his moving HARLAN TOWNSHIP. o99 to fliis place (1861^, there wsksnotmore dian four families in the neighborhood. ~Was dected Justice of the Peace and Township Clerk, at the first election after his airival in this place. Mr. Rich has been a prominent Evangelical worker for « Dumber of jeais ; at 18 years old. he was a licensed ezhorter in the M. £. CShnreh; at 19 he united with the Church of the Disciples, of which de- nomiuation his wife is also a member : in his younger days, Mr. Rich was a great debater on religions topics ; in a three days' argument at DeWitt, Iowa, he sttcoc^ed in completely routing the infidel orator, Col. James R. Sanford. Owns 110 acT«s of &rm land. Bidiards, W.. far.. S. 2 : P. 0. Favette. Rodd, J., &!., S. 20 ; P. O. MayAard. SKELKY. J. C, former, Sec. U; P. 0. Maynard. SJJK6JBNT, J. £., former : Sec. 20 : P. 0. Maynard ; born in Meigs Co.. Ohio, Sept. 19, 1S1:9 ; came to this State in 1S54. and settling in Delaware Ca, where he remained up to 1S75. when he came to this county. Majied Laura Rich in this eoQDty. Dec. 13, 1ST5 ; his wife was bom in Belvidere, Boone Co.. HI., Feb. 1, 1856 ; theur only child. May. was bom Jan. 16, 1S77. Mr. Sargent and wife are members of the Church of the Disciples. Sargent, Wm. Sai^w, R H.. for.. S. 23 : P. 0. Mavnard. Sdner. T. W.. for.. S. 34 : P. O. Maynard. Simjeon, G., for.. S. 13; P. O. Maynard. Smith, A., for., S. 1 ; P. O. Maynard. Smith, E., for.. S. 23 ; P. O. Maynard. Smith, J. M., farmer ; S the drug store in May- uard. Married Phoebe A. Goodrich April 17. lSt>6. in Delaware Co. ; she was bom Feb. 7. 1S45 : their children are Harry J., bom Oct. 8, 1S63 ; Paul G.. May 6, 1870 ; Maud S.. April 21. 1S73. Strickland. O.. for., S. 19 : P. O. Maynard. Stricthaff. Merchant. Maynard. Sm;ino. C. flvr.. S. 26; P. O. Maynard. ^ALCOTT. L. C carpenter, Maynard. T^ TAIiCOTT, Lu DISANE, former, Sec. 13 : P. 0. Maynard ; bom in Lake Co.. Ohio. Xov. 19, 1S42 ; came to this county in 1869. Married Olivia Perry Sept. 15, 1S63 : she was born in Hampshire Co.. Mass., Jan. 22. 1S42; have had two children — Nora, bom Dec 3. 1S67 . Don Henrv. March 2. 1S70. Purine the war of the rebeUion, Mr. T. served in the 1st Missouri Engineers. Taylor. M.. far., Sec. 2 : P. O. Fayette. Tavlor S. : P. 0. Mavnard. 600 DIRUCTORY UF PAyBTTK COUNTY : TAYLOB, WM.. farmer and stock raiser, Sec. 4 ; P, 0. Payette ; born in Brown Co., Ohio, Aug. 22, 1832. Mar- ried Harriet Walker, who was born May 1, 1837, in Elkhart Co., Ind., on the 10th of June, 1856, in La Grange Co., Ind. Came to this county Sept. 29, 1857. A Republican. Mr.T.hasheld the office of County Supervisor. Mr. Taylor's farm, at the time of his settling on it, was a wild and unbroken tract of land, a fact which the stranger, in going over the handsomely improved premises of to-day, would hardly imagine ; it is known as the Fairview farm. As an evidence that Mr. T. and his intelligent wife are not only interested in affairs which are local in their nature, but na- tional as well, it may be stated that they are to be numbered among those who visited the Centennial Anniversary at Philadelphia ; going by way of Wash- ington, they stopped at Niagara Fails on their return ; they recount many inter- esting rerainisenoes of the trip, which occupied about two weeks for its comple- tion. Mr. T. and wife are members of the M. E. Church. Have had three children — Ida, born June 7, 1857; Libby, born Di'x% 7, 1862 ; Orra, born Nov. 26, 1868. Thomas, W. A., far.. Sec. Mi ; V 0. May- nard. Tompkins, Wm. H., far., Sec. 16; P. 0. Maynard. Todhunter, John, Sees, 8, 34, 17. WHITE, W. W,, speculator, See. 30 ; P. 0. Maynard. Wilbur, C. H., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Maynard, Wilson, Geo., far,, S, 34; P. 0. Maynard. Wirkwire, E., far., Sec, 6 Wirkwire, F., far., Sec. 6 Wirkwire, B., far., Sec. 6 P. 0. Fayette. P, 0. Fayetto. P. 0. Fayetto. Witte, Fred., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Maynard. BANKS TOWNSHIP. 601 BANKS TOWNSHIP. ARMSTEONG, R., fanner, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Sumner. Austio, R., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Sumner. BAKER, N., farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Sumner. Baker, W., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Sumner. Balcom, C. J., Sec. 33 ; P. O. Sumner. BARSTOW, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Grant Co., Wis., in 1848. Mar- ried Diana Day, in 1868 ;-she was born in Ohio ; have three children — Myran, Flora and Hiram ; one died in infancy ; Mr. Barstow came to Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1871, and located in Bank Tp. Barstow, W.W., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Randalia. Becker, J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Sumner. Bent, F. P., far., S. 19 ; P. O. Sumner. BENT, Hf ATHAN, farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 220 acres of land, valued at $20 pei: acre ; born in Madi- son Co., N. Y., in 1818. Married Sarah T. Smith, in 1842 ; she was born in Northfield, Mass., in 1818; have four children — Vinette S., P. F., Eva A. and Sylvia M. ; Henry M., died at the age of 30 years. Came to Iowa in 1857, and located in Banks Tp. Enlisted in 1862, in Co. F, 3d I. V. I., and was discharged in June, 1864. Mr. Bent has held all the different town offices. Mrs. Bent is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Boechenheuer, C. , far.j S. 9 ; P. 0. Sumner. Burkhart, C. far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Randalia. CASELMAN, A., farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Randalia. Caselman, A., far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Randalia. Calkins, W., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Randalia. Calkins, W. L., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Sumner. Cowen, B. A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Christy, W., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Sumner. COWEN, B. A., farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $22 per acre ; born in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1828. Married Char- lotte A. Gardner in 1846 ; she was born Clearfield Co., Penn. ; have six children — Samuel W., AngeUne, Sarah H., Mary E., Fanny M., Israel A.; An- gelina died at the age of 19. Mr. Cowen came to Iowa in 1852, and located near Brush Creek, and in 1870, located in Banks Tp., where he still resides. Mr. and Mrs. Cowen are members of the United Brethren Church. Cowen, S. W., far., S. 2 ; P.O. Hawk Eye. DAVIS, S. J., farmer, Sec, 17 ; P. 0. Sumner. Dewery, Eli, farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Sum- ner. Duboys, E. V. EASTMAN, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Sumner. Ebert, M., farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Sum- ner. FALK, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Randalia. Falk, J. L., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Randalia. FAIiK, li., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. RandaUa ; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre ; born in Ger- many in 1 82 1 . Married Elizabeth Krug in 1856 ; she was born in Germany in 1832 ; have seven children — John G., William N., Leonard, George, Fred, Eva and Charley ; Barbara died at the age of 9 years. Mr. F. came to Ameri- ca in 1854, and located first in Kane Co., 111., and in 1858 came to Bank Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. F. are members of the Lutheran Church. Fossler, G. M., far., Sec. 35 ; P. O. Mill. GRUVBR, L., farmer, See. 36 ; P. 0. Mill. GARDNER, E, A., farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye ; owns 170 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Clearfield Co., Penn., in 1834. Married Jennette L. Thompson in 1866 ; she was born in Scotland in 1842 ; have two children — John R. D. and Paul E. Mr. G. enlisted in Co. F, 33d Wis. Vol. Inf., in 1862, and discharged in 1865 ; was at the siege of Vicksburg and other battles ; came to Payette Co. in 1866 and located in Bank Tp. Has held different township offices. Is a member of the United Brethren Church. HAAS, C, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Sumner. Haas, Chris., farmer, S. 5 ; P. 0. Sumner. Hallowell, Le Roy, far., S. 17; P. 0. Sumner. 602 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : HABDINti, €}EO., farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Sumner; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in England in 1832 ; came to America in 1867 and located in Butler Co., and in 1871 located in Banks Tp. Married Jane Britten in 1852 ; she was born in England in 1830 ; have six children — Robert, Samuel, George, Catherine, Anna Maria and John W. Elizabeth died at the age of 10 months, and one in infancy. Mr. H. is a United Breth- ren minister. Harding, R., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Randalia. Harding, S., far., 8. 35 ; P. 0. Randalia. Hobson, J., lawyer, S. 26 ; lives at West Union. Hoepner, F., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Sumner. Hoepfner, F., far., S. 4; P. 0. Sumner. Hener, August. Husband, D., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Sumner. Husband, D., far., 8. 19 ; P. 0. Sumner. Hymen, A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Hyman, H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Hyman, W., far., S. 11 ;P. 0. Hawk Eye. INMAN, R. D., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Ran- dalia. JACOBS, J. L., far., S. 28; P.O. Sum- ner. Jacobi, Charles. KARSTEN, FRED., far,, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 210 acres of land, valued at $20 per aero ; born in Germany in 1853; came to America in 1865. Married Rickie Krouse in 1877 ; she was bom in Ger- many in 1853. Located in Banks Tp., in 1877. Are members of the Lutheran Church. LAUTERBACH, JOHN, farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Sumner. LAUTERBACH, JOHN E., farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 205 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Germany in 1828. Mar- ried Miss Christina Barth in 1854 ; she was bom in Germany in 1837 ; they have seven children — Charlie J., Louisa, Em- ma C, Sarah, Giistaf, Katie and Robert. Came to America in 1852, and located in DuPage Co., 111., and in 1869, located in Banks Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. L. are members of the M. B. Church. Leyh, M., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Sumner. Linn, D, C, far., 8. 19 ; P. 0. Sumner. liINN, ,D. C, farmer. Sec. 19; P, Q. Sumner ; owns 360 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Winnebago Co., 111., in 1852; came to Iowa in 1863, and located with his father, George Linn, in Banks Tp. ; his father was one of the pioneers of the county, and was born in Kennebec Co., Me., and settled in Banks Tp. in 1868, Linn, G. C, school teacher, Sec. 20 ; P. Q. Sumner. Linn, H. 8., far., 8. 16 ; P. 0. Sumner, Lidnam, J. W., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Sumner. liINN, XATHAX, farmer, S. 16; P. 0. Sumner; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $15 per acre ; born in Kennebec Co., Me., in 1827. Married Mary Moore in 1871 ; she was born in England in 1846 ; they have five chil- dren — Frank C, John M., Henry M., Elizabeth and Alice M. Mr. Linn is a member of the M. E. Church. Linn, W. B., far., 8. 8 ; P. 0. Sumner, MCCORMICK, WM., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Sumner. Meeker, David, far., 8. 22 ; P. 0. Sumner. Meeker, D. W. far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Sumner. Miner, Charles, far., Randalia. Miner, E., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Sumner. Miner, F., far,, 8. 17 ; P. 0. Sumner. MIIVER, Witt. S., farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 168 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Rutland Co., Vt., in 1820. Married Laura Wescott in 1 840 ; she was born in New York in 1819 ; have two children — William B. and Fitch M ; Solon W. died at the age of 23. Mr. M. came to Iowa in 1874, and located in Banks Tp. Moore, T., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Sumner, Moore, Wm., far., 8., 17 ; P. 0. Sumner. Mudge, L., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Randalia, Mudge, W. B,, far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Randalia. NIEDERT, FRED, far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sumner. Noon, T. C, far,, S. 9; P. 0. Sumner. ORVIS, A. A., far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. Sumner. Orvis, J., fur.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Sumner. Orvis, S. P., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Sumner. Orvis, T. C, far.. Sec. 'll ; P. 0. Sumner. PRICE, J. L., far., Sec. 12; P. 0. Sumner. PRICE, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in BANKS TOWNSHIP. 60S GtrmaDy in 1 853 ; came to America in 1866, and located in Glen Haven Tp., Grant Co., Wis., and came to Iowa in 1871 and located, with his father, in Banks Tp. ; his father, John Price, lives with him; has one brother — John P., and threesisters — Mary, Katie and Clara. Potter, 0. E., far., S. 14; P. 0. Sumner. -pOBERTSON, ALEX., Sec. 32. Robertson, James, Sec. 30. ROBEBTSOHf, JAS., former. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 215 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Scotland in 1843 ; came to America in 1851 and located in Rock Co., Wis., and in 1855 came to Banks Tp., Fay- ette Co., Iowa. Mr. R. has been Town Trustee, School Director, and other town offices. Is a member of the Presbyte- rian Church. Robertson, W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Sumner. ROBERTSON, PETER, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 305 acres of land, valued at S20 per acre ; born in Scotland ; came to America in 1851. Married Miss C. M. Baird ; she was bom in Scotland in 184S ; have four children — Peter, Anna, John and Elizabeth. Mrs. R. is a member of the Presbyte- riah Church. Mr. R. has been Town Trustee, School Director and other town Robisb, M., lumber dealer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Sumner. Robinson, J. W. & E. R., fars.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Sumner. SESSLER, JOHN, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. ■ Sumner. Sherwood, John A., fer., Randalia. SIDWAM, J. W., fermer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 295 acres land, val- ued at §25 per acre ; born in Onondaap, Co., N. T., in 1830. Married Amanda Mott in 1851 ; she was born in Portage Co., Ohio, in 1830 ; have four children — Charles W., Francis M., Aimer E. and William O. Came to Iowa in 1864, and located in Banks Tp. Mr. S. has been Supervisor four years, and held other town offices. Smith, John, far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Sumner. SMITH, JOHX, former. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Sumner ; owns 230 acres land, val- ued at §20 per acre ; born in Scotland in 1836. Married Catherine Robertson in 1858 ; she was born in Scotland in 1839 ^ have seven cliildren — William D., Peter A.. JohnE., James A., Isabell D., Alonzo- C. and Agnes ; Eliza Mary Jane died at the age of nine years and Margaret B. in infency. Came to America in 1855, and located first in Fayette Co. Mr. S. has been School Director five years ; has held the offices of Trustee, Assessor, etc. Are both members of Pres. Church. Soi^, Fred., far.. Sec. 34 ; P. O. RandaUa. Sorg, J. L., for., Sec. 34; P. 0. Randalia, Sorg, John, far., See. 34 ; P. 0. Randalia. Sperry, Chas. W., merchant. Sec. 14 ; P. O. Fayette. Springer, John, Sec. 27. Swartz, Fred., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Sumner. Sweetland, J. S., Sec. 28. Stewart, James, speculator, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. West Union. TIM, PETER, far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Sum- ner. Trager, John, for., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Mill. Turner, Wm., far.. Sec. 19; P.O.Sumner. WADE, JAMES E., for.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Sumner. Wade, W. L., far., Sec. 7 ; P. O. Sumner. Warnke, John, far., Sec. 4 ; P. O. Sumner. WADE, W3I. T., fei-mer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Sumner; owns 210 acres land, val ued at §20 per acre ; born in Essex Co., X. J., in 1818. Married Agoes C. WiD- iams in 1845 ; she was born in Essex Co., N. J.; have four children — Har- riet, Hannah E., William L., Catherine A.; Alice and Agnes died. Came to Iowa in 1855, and located in Banks Tp., Fayette Co.; is one of the pioneers of the county. Mr. W. has held all the diffisrent town offices ; is a member of Pres. Church. Weiser, Martin. Wells, Joshua, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Randalia. Wells, M. L., far., S. 10; P. 0. Randalia. Wells, W., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Randalia, WETHERBEE, L. W., farmer, Sec. 13; P. O. Randalia; owns 130 acres of land, valued at S25 per acre ; bom in Ripley Co., Ind., in 1827. Married Janet Barker in 1847 ; she was born in Chautauqua Co., X. Y., in 1825; have three children — Albert J., Ida J., Mattie A. and Charley, who died at the age of 7 years. Came to Iowa in 1865, and in 1869, located in Banks Tp., Fayette Co. Mr. Wether- 604 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : bee enlisted in 1864 in Co. K, 38th Wis. I. V. I., and was discharged in 1865; was wounded at the battle of Petersburg. Wilkins, J. G., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Sumner. Wilkins, R. L., far., S. 30 ; P. 0, Sumner. Winn, M., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Sumner. TOUIVC^EK, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Randalia; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Switzerland in 1836. Married Mary Ann Shrifler in 1866 ; she was bom in Ohio in 1832 ; came to America in 1832, and in 1877 located in Banks Tp., in Payette Co. ; have four chil- dren — Edward, Frank, Ella and Cor- nelia. FAIKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 605 FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP. A DAMS, C, lab.. Brush Creek. AINSWOBTH, AIOIREW, far., S. 29; P. 0. Brush Creek; bom in Tompkiiis Co., > . T., June 23, 1S27 : hcj with parents, settled in Ogle Co.. lU., in 1844, where he married Mary J. Hemenway, Not. 22, 1849 ; she was bomJnly28,1830. in Mt. Holly, Yt.. and died Jan. 20, 185S. He married again — Amelia McCausland, Jan. 24, 1861 ; she was burn in Canada, Aug. 25, 1832 ; he with his two sons settled in this county in 185S, and remained two years, then returned to Winnebago Co., ni., when in 1S62. he made a per- manent settlement on his present iarm, now consisting of 300 acres, worth §7,000 ; children bom by the first wife were Ohver X., bom Oct. 16, 1850 ; Thomos J., bom June 6. 1856 ; four by second wife — Frederick W.. March 16, 1862 : Minnie L., Nov. 20, 1864 : Geo^e G., July 23, 1868, and Setb, bom March 6, 1872. Ainsworth, 0. X., P. 0. Brush Creek. Ainswioth, T. J., far., S. 16 ; P. O. Brush Creek. Allen, S. H., lab., Brush Creek. AIXEST, Z. G., &rmer and prop'r MW-mill, S. 21 ; P. 0. Brash Creek ; bom in Oneida Co., N. Y., March 25, 1822. where he married £mily Osbom, Sept. 24, 1846 ; she was bora in Frank- Kn Co. May 2, 1825 ; they immigrated to this county and settled on his present £irm in June, 1856, where he carried on the steam saw-mill business for twelre years; during three years of this time Mr. Walrath was his partner, but he sold jDut to Mr. Allen in 1859 or 1860, he ranning it till 1S68. when it was sold and carried to Wisconsin : Mr. A. owns 110 acres of land ; was one of die first Directors of the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad; their children are Theodore, bora July 21. 1S47 ; Seth H XoT. 23. 1848 -.Mary E., Feb. 2, 1853 Deirick B., May 17, 1855 ; Elwin D Jan. 1, 1860; Elsie L., March 13. 1871 : one child deceased — Oscar, bora Not. il, 1861 ; died March 23. 1S77. Is a Bepnblican. 3Irs. A. is a member of the Methodist Church. Andrews, A. M.. fer., S. 4 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Andrews, H. R., far., S. 21 : P. 0. Brush Creek. Anslemyer, J., renter; P.O. Brush Creek. A]!f€}IiEMT£B, WTI.L,IAM, farmer. S. 29 : P. O. Brash Creek ; born in Bucks Co., Penn., April 5, 1807, where he married Joanna Hilborn Dec. 30, 1S2S ; they emigrated and settled on their pr^ei.t £irm in Mareh, 1860, consisting of 290 acres, worth §8,000. Republican ; members of Christian Chureh. Mary A., James, William H., Joanna and Charles are the names of their children. Mr. A. purchased his land in this county in 1857, but did not settle on his ferm till 1860. Antoine, James, farmer, S. 16 ; P. O. Brush Creek. Arbnckle, Y., far., S. 34; P.O. Brash Creek. Averill, F. M., far., P. 0. Brash Creek. BAGORDIS, A., far., S. 6; P. 0. Brush Creek. Barden, Frank, lab., Brash Creek. Bams, M A., fer., S. 34 : P. O. Brush Creek. BARHnBS, UrOAH, fermer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns forty acres. valued at SI.OOO ; born in this county Nov. 3, 1850. Married Fronia Perkins Jan. 2, 1870 ; she was bora in this county Oct. 14, 1848; their children are — Laura, bora Oct. 1, 1870 : Orian H.. July 14, 1872 ; Jessie D., Nov. 16, 1877. One child died in infancy. Republican Barns, Wm., far., P. 0. Brush Breek. Bassett, Stephen, far., P. O. Brush Creek. BEMAJf, A., dealer in drugs, medi- cines, chemicals, fine soaps, brushes, perfumery, etc.. etc., Brush Creek, Iowa : bom in Oneida Co., N. T., Oct. 14, 1851; he with his parents settled in this place in 1859. where he married Anna Moore July 25 , 1877 : she was born in Plato, Kane Co., 111.. July 25. 1856. On Feb. 19, 1876, he opened his place of business in this town, where he still 3 606 DIRECTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY: continues doing a thriving business. Amount of stock $12, O00,town property, $2,000. Republican ; himself and wife are members of the Disciple Church. Billings, C, far., S. 27 ; P.O. Brush Creek. Billin:;s, John. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Bingham, J. W., blacksmith. Brush Creek. Bishop, C, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Blackman, 0. S., proprietor of saw-mill, Taylorsville ; P. 0. Brush Creek. BLAWCHARD, J.A., farmer. See. 34 ; P. O. Brush Creek ; owns eighty acres of land, value $2,000 ; born in Erie Co., N. Y., Nov. 8, 1833 ; came to Illinois with parents in the Fall of 1855, whoro he married S. E. Powers July 4, 1861 ; she was born in Du Page Co., 111., Nov. 3, 1841; came to Putnam Tp. in this county in 1867, and to his present farm in March, 1873. Has one adopted child — Lawrence W., born April 17, 1867. Is a Republican. Blazer, M. F., clerk; Brush Creek. Bon', C. A., butcher. Brush Creek. Brobiler, C, far., S. 23 ; P.O. Brush Creek. Brooks, A., farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Brooks, C, farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Brooks, D., far., S. 19 ; P.O. Brush Creek. BROOKS, HENRY, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Canada Sept. 7, 1833 ; came to this county in Spring of 1856 ; has 400 acres of land, valued at $8,000. Polities, Greenbacker. He married Phcebe Corless ; born in Branch Co., Mich., Dec. 29, 1846 ; four children living — Levi C., born May 2, 1869 ; Fred H., Oct. 16. 1870 ; Bennie H., Jan. 6, 1873; George W., March 27, 1877. Emigrated to Muscatine Cc, Iowa, in 1838 ; lived there eighteen years, then cam6 to Fayette Co. Mr. B. was one of the first settlers in the. State of Iowa. Brooks, N.,far., S. 19 ; P. O. Brush Creek. Brooks, N., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Brown, W., laborer. Brush Creek. BIJRGET, GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns 112 acres, valued at $4,000 ; born in Ashta- bula Co., Ohio, June 24, 1833 ; in 1846, he, with his parents, emigrated to Boone Co., 111. ; came to this county in 1855. Enlisted Aug. 14, 1862, in the 38th I. V. I., Co. F. ; was engaged in the siege of Vicksburg, Pensacola, etc., and was honorably discharged June 30, 1865. Married Cordelia BuUis Feb. 25, 1866 - she was born in Winnebago Co., 111.,. Feb. 23, 1848. He settled on his farm in 1866. Their children are Andrew E., born Jan. 17, 1867 ; William, Oct, 5, 1869; Sybil, Nov. 3, 1874, died Deo. 6, 1874, and Delos, born Dec. 8, 1876. Is a Republican. Byrnes, M.. laborer; P. 0. Brush Creek. CAMPBELL. HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 34. P. 0. Brush Creek. CALKIWS, IRA C, retired farmer- P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in, Cuyahoga, Co., N. Y., July 22, 1808 ; in 1810, moved with parents to Erie Co., N. Y. Married Polly Jackson in March, 1829 ; she was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Feb. 29, 1811, and died in Sept., 1845. Mar- ried Christie Servoss Jan. 2, 1848; she was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., July 17, 1818. In 1853, they came to Rock Co., Wis., where they remained till 1857, when they removed to Hous- ton Co., Minn., where they remained till 1865, when they removed to their present residence in Brush Creek, where he now owns real estate worth $10,000,, besides 129 acres outside of village prop- erty. Took a prominent part in assisting the town to secure the D. & St. P. Kl R., paying considerable money for the same. His children are Polly L., born April 22, 1831 ; Cordelia C, Jan. 29, 1834; Naomia, Dec. 11, 1836; Adaline, born Feb. 14, 1859, died July 23, 1862. Greenbacker. CAMPBEIili, AliliEN, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns forty acres, valued at $2,000 ; born in Windham Co., Conn., Jan. 30, 1805; in 1817, he, with parents, came to Onei- da Co., N. Y., where he saw the first shovelful of earth thrown from the Erie Canal on July 4, 1817. Married Susan Blood Oct. 2, 1825 ; she was born in Concord, Mass., March 11, 1810. Moved, to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1830, where he remained till 1838, when he moved to Cattaraugus Co-, N. Y., and in May, 1863, came to this county. His first wife died April 7, 1854. He mar- ried again, Caroline Wetmore, Nov. 10, 1856 ; she was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1817. His children are Mary, born Jan. 25, 1828 ; Caro- line M., Sept. 7, 1829; Harvey W., FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP. 607 Sept. 25, 1831; James W., Nov. 7, 1833 ; Wm. H. H., August 31, 1837 , Josephine, Oct. 3, 1839 ; John D., Feb. 8, 1842 ; Geo. L., July 4, 1849 ; Alpha, Dec. 3, 1851 ; Helen, Nov. 3, 1857, and Flora, March 31, 1869. Democrat. CAKKf AliLi, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. ; born in New Boston, Lincolnshire, Eng., Dec. 23, 1828, where he married Caroline Nich- olson July 15, 1846 ; she was born in Essex Co., Eng., Dec. 21, 1828 ; they emigrated to U. S. America in 1851 ; settlc'l in Upper Canada where they remained till the Fall of 1861, then settling on their present farm, consisting of 200 acres, worth $5,000. His chil- dren are Drusilla A., born in Canada May 27, 1851 ; John P., in Canada Dec. 27, 1852 ; Salome M., in Canada April 10, 1854; James H., in Canada Feb. 24, 1857 ; Frank, in Canada July 24, 1859; Carrie A., in Iowa, Oct. 17, 1861 ; Thomas N., in Towa, Jan. 23, 1863; Charles S., in Iowa, May 18, 1866 ; two children died in infancy. Carnall, John, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Carpenter, H. R., foundry ; Brush Creek, Carpenter, L. D., foundry ; Brush Creek. Gary, L., farmer, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Brush Cr ek. Cavanaugh, J., mason, Brush Creek. Cawood, Wm., laborer. Brush Creek. Cline, P., far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. COIiDEUr, W. O., Manager of Thorp & Sons' dry goods, boot and shoe store, Bru-ih Creek, which was opened in this place in April, 1876 ; he was bnrn in Warren Co., Ind., Feb. 12, 1848. He enlisted in the 22d Wis. V. I. Dec. 28, 1863-, he was disabled by a shell wound at, Peach Tree Creek ; Was honorably discharged, general order July 1, 1865. CoiBk, D. A., laborer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Copeland, J. S., far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Copeland, John, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Cox. Pat, laborer, Brush Creek. Crane, Myron, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. CRAWFORD, JAMES, retired farmer; P. 0. Brush Creet ; born in Ohio July 9, 1805 ; at the age of 2 years he moved with his parents to Tu-- carawas Co., Ohio, and in 1820 he went to Wayne Co., Ohio, where he married Phebe Hartman Sept. 17, 1826 ; she was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, Aug. 18, 1806 ; in 1838 they moved to Mad- ison Co., Ohio, when in 1847 they emi- grated to Jefferson Co., Wis , and in 1851 they emigrated and settled in this township ; in 1870 he moved to Brush Creek, Mr. C. being one of the oldest settlers in the county ; he remembers when there was but fourteen voters in the township. Leonard, Susan, Matilda, Jasper, Anna, Jacob and James are the names of their children. Mr. C. has been Justice of the Peace eleven years. Democrat. CUMMIWGS, A. H., farmer, S. 32 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns eighty acres, valued at $3,500 ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., April 15, 1830. Married Jane A. Westcott Nov. 27, 1851 ; she was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., March 10, 1829; they came to this county June 1, 1856; their children are Emily J., born Aug. 14, 1852 ; Mary J., Dec. 5, 1856. Republican. Crawford, J., far., Sec. 9; P. 0. Brush CrGGk. DARLING, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Brush Creek. DEMINO, CHAIIJTCY, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, Oct. 24, 1843 ; he came to this county with his parents in May, 1854 ; he owns 140 acres of land worth $6,000. Married Charlotte M.' Doane Feb. 24, 1869 ; she was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Jan. 9, 1848 DEMING, OEO., farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns forty-four acres, valued at $2,000 ; born in Trum- bull Co., Ohio, Jan. 31, 18:i6; came with his parents to this county in May, 1855. Married Mary E. Meade Jan. 1, 1860; she was born in Saratoga, N. Y., April 29, 1842 ; their children are Clarence, born Jan 30, 1861 ; Effie, April 5-, 1865 ; Hattie^ April 13, 1867 ; Florence, Sept. 17, 1877 ; Glen, born Aug. 25, 1869, died Oct. 5, 1874 ; Josephine, born July 13 1873, and died Aug. 28, 1877. Is a Republican. Dempster, Jas., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Dempster, John, fsr., S. 14 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. 608 DIKECTORY OF FA"iETTE COUNTY: DEMPSTER, JOHIV, farmer, S. 13; P. 0. Brush Creek; owns eighty acres valued at $2,500 ; born in Wayne Co., Mich., Oct tj, 1841 ; came' to this county in the Fall of 1853. Married Eliza Hummel Dec. 18, 1862; she was born in Mt. Carroll, Carroll Co., 111., Sept. 28, 1846 ; their children are Luana, born Feb. 12, 1864; G-eorge, May 20, 1865 ; James, Feb. 18, 1867, Dora, July 3, 1870; Merinda, May 15, 1872, and one child deceased — Frank, born April 11, 1866, died May 22, 1877. Democrat. Dempster, William, far. ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. DOAllirE, GEORGE I,., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Worcester Co., Mass., April 30, 1825; in 1842 he went to Columbia Co., N. Y., where he married Sarah A. Bullock, Feb. 25, 1847 ; she was born in Columbia County, N. Y., June 9, 1827 ; they moved to Oswego Co., N. Y., in 1852, and in 1855 emigrated to Iowa and settled on his present farm, consisting of 100 acres worth $3,000. Charlotte, born Jan. 9, 1848 ; Frances, , Feb. 24, 1850 ; Lee L., Feb. 24, 1854 ; Emma, Aug. 9, 1857 ; Velma, Aug. 10, 1859 ; Hattie, Feb. 7, 1862, Carrie, April 24, 1864, and Roy, born Sept. 3, 1866, are the names and births of their living children ; one child deceased — Kosaouth, born Dec. 4, 1852, and died March 14, 1868. Doane, L. L., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Dunham, Thomas, jeweler, Brush Creek. ECKERT; MICHAEL, farmer. Sec. 24; P.O. Brush Creek. Elithorpe, A. E., far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Emlow, — , farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Brush FISH, A. J., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Fitzgerald, J., far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Brush FLOWER, HEIVRY E., farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns 720 acres, value $25 per acre ; born in Hampden Co., Mass., Nov. 25, 1821. Married Mary Fitzpatrick, June 5, 1847 ; she was born in Ireland Nov. 21, 1826 ; came to this county in 1855. Josephine, born July 31, 1848; Henry, March 26, 1851; James, Feb. 22, 1854, and Clarence, Dec. 22, 1862;, one child died when three years old. Is a Greenbacker. Forney, Adam, laborer; P.O. Brush Creek. Fortney, F., laborer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Fox, A., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Fox, D., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Fox, John, farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Fop, Lyman, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. FULLER, CHARLES, farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; came to this county in 1866 ; was born in Her- kimer County, N. Y., May 31, 1829 ; has 100 acres land valued at $3,000. Married Clarinda Wicks, born in Erie County, Penn., June 12, 1837; four children — Melvin C , born July 7th, 1858; Mary C, May 31, 1868 ; Monroe L., April 12, 1870 ; Edward, May 6, 1878. Emigrated to Pennsylvania when he was a child ; lived there about thirteen years ; from there to Ohio ; lived there fourteen years; from there to Michigan ; lived there seven years ; went back to Ohio, stayed there a short time, then to B'ayette County, Iowa, where he has resided since. Mr. L., by his industry, has made a comfortable home. GATES, F., Township Collector, Brush Creek. Genning, G., far., S. 23; P. 0. Brush Creek. Germond, J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Glein, W. C, merchant. Brush Creek. Glime, C, ret. far.; P. 0. Brush Creek. GUme, F., merchant ; P. 0. Brush Creek. GLIME, GEORGE, farmer, S. 28 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; son of Charles and Margaret Glime, who were natives of Pennsylvania ; was born Oct. 20, 1845. Married Ann Eliza HiU Feb. 12, 1868; she was born in Indiana Deo. 4; 1845 ; his sister and brother are as follows: Frederick, born Aug. 27, 1834 ; Eliza- beth, born May 26, 1837. They have one sou — Oscar, born Dec. 19, 1868, Is a Greenbacker. Gray, W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Gregory, H. N., station agt.. Brush Creek. Groat, J., farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. GUXN, JOlfAS, farmer, S. 14; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, June 21, 1829, where he married Elizabeth Darr Aug. 29, 1850 ; FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP. 609 she was born in Greene Co., Penn., Aug. 31, 1832, settling in Will Co., 111., in 1851, and in this county in the Fall of 1853, when, in 1866, they settled on their present farm, consisting of 144 acres. Mary, born Oct. 30, 1855; La- fayette, born July 31, 1858: Delilah, born March 12, 1863 ; Ann, born Aug. 5, 1870; Minnie, June 27, 1872, and Huldah, born May 31, 1874, are the names and births of their children ; two children deceased — WiUiam, born June 10, 1861, died Aug. 21, 1869 ; Fred, born June 19, 1867, and died Sept. 1, 1869. HENDRICKSON, P., laborer; P. 0. Brush Creek. HANCOCK, GEOR€»:, farmer, S. 33; P. 0. Brush Creek; born in Worcester Co., Mass., Sept. 5, 1797; in 1800, his parents moved to Vermont, and in 1804, they moved to another county in the same State; in 1806, they moved to Washington Co., N. Y., and in 1815, he emigrated to the West. During hb absence his father died, and he again returned in 1818, and, in 1819, he moved with his mother to Holland Purchase, in Orlearfs Co., N. Y., where he married Caroline Gates Nov. 17, 1824 ; she was born in Washington Co., N. Y., Dec. 8, 1806 ; in 1835, they moved to Wayne Co., Mich., where they remained till 1849, then emigrated to Kendall Co., 111., in 1850, and in the same year to Jones Co., Iowa, and, in 1852, they settled in this county, where they still remain. Sarah, John and Martha are the names of their living children. Hill, E., S. 29 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Hill, Geo. C, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Hill, J., Jr., S. 29 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. HELL, JACOB, farmer, S. 29; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Mifflin Co., Penn., March 26, 1802 ; in 1814, he, with parents, emigrated to Perry Co., Ohio, where he married Eliza Smith Nov. 3, 1 824 ; she was born in Mifflin Co., Penn., Nov. 17, 1806; in 1832, they moved to Michigan, and, in 1842, they moved to Indiana, when, in No- vember, 1853, they emigrated and set- tled on their present farm, consisting of 246 acres, worth $7,500. Eepublican; member of Christian Church. Wash- ington, Jonathan, Geor^je, Eleazer, Charity, Ann E., Mary E. and Jacob are the names of their children. Eleazer, the next to the youngest son, enlisted in Co. I, 16th E.egt. I. V. I. Dec. 15, 1861 ; was taken prisoner and confined in Andersonville prison fourteen months ; honorably discharged July, 1865. Hicks, J. M., farmer; P. 0. Brush Creek. Hill, W. K., far, S. 29 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Hoffman, Charles ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Hoge, Charles ; P. (). Brush Creek. Hoge, J. M., farmer; P. 0. Brush Creek. Howse, Wm. HOOTER BROTHERS, dealers in general merchandise. Main street ; Brush Creek. J. 0. Hoover was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., June 8, 1847 ; emigrated to this county in 1864, where he married Alice Gates Feb. 1, 1870 ; she was born near Lowell, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1851. W. H. Hoover was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., July 14, 1872; he eniigrated to this county and starred in the mercantile busintss in 1865. Mar- ried Susan A. Conney March 15, 1866 ; she was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., Oct. 14, 1841; George A., Jacob E. and William H. are the names of his children. They entered into partner- ship in the Fall of 1869; amount of stock carried, 84,000; W. H. Hoover owns personally 250 acres of land, val- ued at $8,000 ; they are both Republi- cans, and belong to the M. E. Church. Howard, James, laborer, Brush Creek. Hutchinson, J., Justice of Peace, Brush JAQUES, CHARLES, farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Johnson, Albert ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Johnson, R., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. KISTNER, B. S., farmer, P. 0, Brush Creek. KENimEDY, JAMES, farmer. Section 2 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns 360 acres, valued at $8,500 ; born in Ireland in 1819 ; came to America in 1847 ; settled in Vermont, where he married Catherine Dwyer May 24, 1848 ; their children are John J., born Sept. 16, 1849, and Margaret Ann, born Nov, 21, 1850, and now married to C. B. Snell ; a Democrat and Catholic. Kuney, J. D., livery and feeds'able. Brush Creek. 610 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : Kuney, L. C, clurk, Brush Creek. KIJXEY, PETER, proprietor St: Cloud Hotel, Brush Creek ; born in Seneca Co., N, Y., Feb. 16, 1816. He married Leona M. Stoflet Oct. 21, 1835 ; she was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., March 6, 1 820 ; they emicem- ber, 1853, consisting of 140 acres, valued at $4,000. Mr. R. enlisted in Co. F, 28th L V. I., Aug. 15, 1862 ; was en- gaged in siege of Vicksburg and others ; honorably discharged Sept. 8; 1865. One child by second marriage — George L., born Aug. 5. 1857. RAWS on; AliMON, banker, Brush Creek, Iowa; born in Madison, Lake Co., Ohio, June 12, 1842 ; in 1861 , he alone emigrated to this county, where he married Maggie L. McEwen June 7, 1871 ; she was born in Canada, July 28, 1846. He followed farming till 1876, when he and E. Rice opened their bank in this place ; still owns his farm,consisting of zOO acres, under good improvement. Ra,lph, born May, 13, 1875, and Emma, May 3, 1877, are the names and births of their living thil- dren ; one child deceased, born July 16, 1873, and died Aug. 22, 1874. Repub- lican. Rawson, P., far., S. 3 ; P.O. Brush Creek. RAWSON, WALTER, proprie- tor Rawson -saw-mill ; located on Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Lake Co., Ohio, Nov. 13, 1848 ; in 1856, he with parents came to Taylorsville ; in 1868, erected their first saw-mill run by water power in 1878 ; they rebuilt their mill, which is now operated by steam ; they turn out from 500,000 to 800,000 feet annually. Married Hattie Gibbs Aug. 21, 1870 ; she was born in Windsor Co., Vt.. April 4, 1849 ; their children are — Eda, born Sept. 15, 1871 ; Guy, Jan. 17, 1873. Is a Republican. Property valued at $5,000. Reynolds, J. W., farmer ; P. 0. Volga City. RICE, EDWARD, banker. Brush Creek; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 30, 1844; in 1858, with his par- 614 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : ents, he emigrated to and settled in this township, where he mai-ried Emma D. Rawson Jan. 5, 1863 ; she was born in Lake Co., Ohio, Jan. 5, 1845. Mr. Rice followed farming until March 6, 1876, when he, with his brother-in-law, Mr. Rawson, opened their bank in this place. Elmer E., born June l4, 1865 ; Susan C, born Sept. t), 1870 ; and Mu-a E., born March 24, 1876, are the names and dates of birth of their living chil- dren ; two children deceased — one died quite young ; Luther, born Sept. 6, 1868, was drowned in Brush Creek July 12, 1876, by a wave which swept liim from the wagon and oarried him into the water, and before help could reach him, life had ex] ired. Rice, Geo., far., S. !5; P. O. Brush Creek. Rice, S., ret. far., P. 0. Brush Creek. Rice, S. E.. far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Richards, Jas., ret. far., P. 0. Brush Creek. RITTEIVHOUSE, A9IOS, dealer in dry goods, clothing, groceries, hats and caps, boots and shoes. Brush Creek ; born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 1838; in 1855, he settled in Jo Da- viess Co., 111., and in 1858 ho sattled in Winnebago Co., 111., where he married Martha Hall Nov. 27, 1862 ; she was born in Canada, Jan. 1, 1848. Mr. R. enlisted June 1, 1862, and re-enlisted Feb. 8, 1865, and was honorably dis- cliarged in October, 1865. They emi- grated to and settled in this township in the Fall of 1865, and in the Spring of 1873 he opened his store in Brush Creek, where ho is doing a thriving busi- ness. Eva, born Jan. 23, 1864, and Louis G., born Aug. 22, 1866, are the names and dates of birth of their chil- dren. Bobbins, Louis, laborer, Brush Creek. Bobbins, 0. R., preacher, Brush Creek. Q( ARGENT, T., laborer. Brush Creek. Saveu, T. M., physician, Brush Creek. Semm, C, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. SHAHBAUGH, EJEIST., Justice of the Peace, Brush Creek ; owns 420 acres, valued at $7,000. Is a Republi- can. Born in Greene Co., Ohio, Feb. 12, 1829 ; came to this county in 1856. Married Matilda M. Shambaugh Aug. 25, 1861, who was a native of Warren Co., Vn., and died April 26, 1866. He has been Justice of the Peace ten years. His children are L. D., born March 15, 1863 ; H. J., born Sept. 15, 1864, and Matilda E., born April 26, 1866. Shambaugh, C. D., merch., Brush Creek. Shambaugh, Jas., Brush Creek. Shambaugh, J. S., merch.. Brush Creek. SHUMWAY, MOXBOE, dealer in books, stationery, drug^", medicines, paints, oils, etc., also U. S. Express Agent, Brush Creek, Iowa ; born in New Milford, Winnebago Co., Ill, March 31, 1845, where he married Margaret Hall Feb. 19, 1867 ; she was born in Canada Jan. 18, 1848. They emigrated to this place and opened his place of business in the Fall of 1873. Walter, born Dec. 27, 1869, is the name and birth of their only child. Sir. Shumway's father was born March 27, 1803, and his mother was born Feb. 8, 1806 ; they were among the. pioneer settlers of Winnebago Co., 111., where they still remain. Smith, H., lime kiln. Brush Creek-. Smith, J. C, farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Smith, W. H., drayman, Brush Creek. Snider, Fred., mer. tailor. Brush Creek. Spatcher, Wm., blacksmith. Brush Creek. STAMPF. JOmr US., farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns 120 acres of land, valued at $6,000 ; bnrn in Ger- many March 6, 1806 ; came to America Aug. 16, 1840, and settled in Long Island ; May 14, 1851, settled on his present farm. Married Barbara Barn- hart June 9, 1851 ; she was boi'n March 9, 1807. Both members of the Lu- theran Church ; he is a Democrat. St. John, Frank, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Stowell, E. S., house oarp., Brush Creek. rpAYLOR, H. D., laborer, Taylprsiville. Taylor, W. E., farmer ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Thompson, D. B., laborer, Brush Creek. Thompson, Eli, blacksmith, Brush Creek, Thompson, Z , atiy. at law. Brush Creek. THOMPSOmr, JOHW A., dealer in bouts, shoes and groceries. Brush Creek, Iowa ; born in Carroll Co., Ohio, May 3, 1854 ; in 1855, came to this county with parents ; opened his store in this place in April, 1874. Married Drnsilla A. Carroll May 27, 1875; she was born in Canada May 27, 1851. James M,, born May 20, 1877, is their FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP. 615 only child. They are members of the Christian Church and Mr. T. is a Re- publican. Thompson, M. J., blacks' th, Brush Creek. Toomey, Dennis, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. VOSHELL, DANIEL, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Brush Creek. Voshell, F., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Voshell, Jesse, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Voshell, John, far. ; P. O. Brash Creek. .TOSHELiLi, KIIiliEW, farmer, Irfec. 12 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; owns 240 acres, valued at. $7,200 ; born in Kent Co., Del., Feb. 14, 18:^9 ; in 1836, he, with his parents, moved to Indiana, and JQ 1840 to Wisconsin ; they came to this county in 1848, and settled on their present farm. Married Thankful Per- kins in June, 1863; she was born in Jackson Co., Iowa, April 26, 1838 ; their children are Calvin, born Feb. 23, 1864; George, May 8, 1865 ; Nancy J., June 17, 1867 ; Lucinda, Oct. 2^, 1869 ; Henry, Jan. 13, 1873, and Eliza L., Sept. 18, 1875. Democrat. VOSHEIili, WIL.L.IAM W., farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; bom iu this county March 19, 1853. Married Mary Smith Dec. 20, 1875 ; she was horn in this county May 20, 1853 ; they have one child — Alice A., born Oct. 20, 1876. Owns twenty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Democrat. WADE, GEORGE, laborer. Brush Creek. Waldron, C. P., phys.; P. 0. Brush Creek. Walrath, A., far. ; P. O. Brush Creek. WALRATH, ISAAC, farmer, Sec. 28 ; also dealer in hardware and ag- ricultural implements, Brush Creek ; born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., May 2, 1813 ; he moved to Oneida Co., N. Y., where he married Cattron ZoUer Oct. 11, 1837 ; she was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., March 6, 1817; they emi- grated and settled in this county Jan. 29, 1856 : settled on their present farm in November, 1860, consisting of 155 acres, worth $8,000 ; in 1875, he, with his two sons, Jacob and Marvin, opened their hardware store in this place ; they also have bought the right of the Her- cules Grub Pulling Machine, controlling the United States right ; these machines are manufactured in large quantities in this place, and are being generally intro- duced through the Northwest. Daniel, born June 13, 1839 ; Jacob, May 30, 1841; Abram, April 1, 1843; Alice, Oct. 11, 1846 ; Marvin, Aug. 16, 1849 ; Willit.-, April 25, 1854, are the names and births of their children. Walrath, J. H., hardware merch.. Brush Creek. Walrath, M., hardware mer.. Brush Creek. Waltenpaugh, J., lab. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. WESTCOTT, STEPHEN, re tired farmer, Taylorsville ; born in Berk- shire Co., Mass., June 11, 1803. Here he married Harriet Mason Feb. 3, 1825 ; she was born in the same county May 4, 1806 ; they moved to Oneidi Co., N. Y., in 1848 ; from there to La Porte, Ind., in 1854, and in May, 1855, they emi- grated and settled in this couniy ; in 1860, they moved to Taylorsville, where he has been Postmaster sixteen years. Are members of the C Baptist Church. Republican. Emma J., born March 10, 1829 ; Frances M., Dec. 8, 1831; Lloyd M., May 5, 1836, and Clarence, born Oct. 14, 1841, are the names and births of their living chil- dren ; their children were all born under the same roof their father was. Whalley, Allen, far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Wheeland, G., M. D., Brush Creek. WHITE, PETER, farmer and attorney at law. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born near Schenectady, N. Y.. April 14, 1808 ; when 4 years old his parents moved to Wyoming Co , N. Y., > where he married PhUomelia Perkins May 28, 1829 ; she was born in Wash- ington Co., N. Y., Oct. 4, 1811 ; they emigrated and settled on their present farm in October, 18,58, which consists of 200 acres of land, worth $5,000. Is a Republican ; member of M. E. Church. Silvester P., born May 18, '1830; Mary J., born April 16, 1832; Lucy, born Aug. 25, 1837, are the names and births of their children. WHITE, W. C, merchant, Taylors- ville ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Nov. 30, 1824, where he married Polly Rice, July 5, 1846 ; she was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1826 ; he came to this county in 1856, and was engaged in farming until 1859, when he opened a general store in the village where he has sue- 616 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : ceeded in working up quite an extensive business in his line. Call and see him. WlliliCOX, CHAXDLER, far., See. 16; P. 0. Brush Creek; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., April 30, 1820 ; at the age of four years his parents moved to Michigan ; he, alone, came to this county in November, 1853. He married Elvira B. Woodward June 9, 1863 ; she was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1821, and was formerly married to John Woodard, and has by this marriage two children — Samuel and Edmond ; her oldest son was in the rebellion, and was wounded in the side, from which he is disabled for life ; he is now living in Minnesota. Mr, W.owns ninety acres of land, valued at $3,000 ; is one of the early settlers of this county. Is a Greenbacker. Wilcox, R. A., far. Sec. 11 ; P, 0. Brush Creek. Wilcox, H,, far,; P, 0, Brush Creek, Wilson, M., far,; P, 0, Brush Creek. Wilcox, Nelson, farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Wilcox, William, farmer, Sec. 36 ; P, 0, Brush Creek. Wood, Jas., ret, far,; P, 0. Brush Creek, Wood, John H,, mason and brick layer, Brush Creek, PUTNAM TOWNSHIP. ABBOTT, L. H., farmer. Sec, 8 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Adams, J. W., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. Annis, B. F„ far., S. 7; P, 0. Putnam. ANBTIS, I^YMAIV, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Madison Co., N. Y., in 1807 ; came to Cattarau- gus Co., N. Y., in 1833, thence to Waukesha Co., Wis., in 1846, thence to this county in 1868. Married Mrs. Jane L. Hollenbeck (maiden name Al- len) ; she was born in Hamburg, Eric Co., N. Y., in 1818 ; have thre^ chil- dren— C. L., born Nov. 29, 1854; Katie J., April 16, 1857 ; Nelson B., Jan. 14, 1862. Mrs. Annis had two children by her first husband — Sarah A. Hollenbeck, born Deo. 16, 1840; Margaret E., Nov. 26, 1842 ; he had two children by a former marriage — R. F., born June 12, 1832; William W., Aug. 11,1 834. He served in the New York State Militia nineteen years, eight years as Captain 24th Regiment ; resigned 1840. They own 225 acres of land. His son, B. P,, owns eighty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Arnold, W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. BAILUFF, v., far.. Sec. 11; P. 0. Brush Creek. BAILEY, ISEIil>EX, farmer, S. 20 ; P. 0. Putnam ; torn in Ma- comb Co., Mich., in 1825 ; located in Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1861, and in this county in 1869, Married Lydia Hough Feb, 17. 1848 ; she was born in Bozrah, New London Co., Conn., in 1831. Their children are — Chloe B., born Nov, 20, 1850, in Almont, Mich, ; Edward C, May 7, 1857, in Michigan; Louis J., Jan. 19, . inLodomuo, Iowa; Net- ty May, Jan, 13, 1868, They attend the Free Will Baptist Church ; Repub- lican, Has been School Director three years ; is United States Postmaster now. Owns eighty acres of land, worth 825 per acre, BASSETT, HEBMON, farmer, Sec, 11; P. 0, Strawberry Pomt; born in Lee, Berkshire Co,, Mass,, in 1828; moved to Sterling, Whiteside Co., 111., in 1854; located in this county in 1866, Married Miss Pamelia A, Jenkins in 1854 ; she was born in Cayuga Co., N, Y., in 1833; had seven children- Edwin J., born April 28, 1857; L. Henry, Sept. 24, 185S ; Clara A., June 6, 1861 ; Charles H., Fob. 12, 1863 ; Rhoda M., Aug, 3, 1865, died March 16, 1868; John H., Jan. 10,1869; Nathan A., Aug. 7, 1875, died in 1876. Oongregationalists ; Republican. Haa PCTNAM TOWNSHIP. 617 been Jnsdce of the Peace three years. Township Assessor one jear, Township Clerk and Assessor several terms in Wluteside Co., ni. He owns 217 acres of land, worth $30 p^ acre. BeosoD, W. T., fir., S. 36 ; P. O. Straw- heiry Point. figdow, C, fer., S. 25 ; P. O. Strawberry Prant. Brand, George. S. 2 ; P. O. Brush Creek. B^and, Jno., for., S. 2 , P. O. Brush Creek. BSUCE, J. Ii., &raier. Sec. 25 ; P. O. Stnwbmy Point ; bom in Broomfield, Hampden Co., Mass., in 1815 ; traveled sevml years before coming West ; went (o Winadngo Co., IlL, in 1844, thence to thL<^ couaty in 1851. Married Miss E3iz- abeth Foeom in 1847 ; she was bom in New Hampshire in 1823 ; have six dtil- Aiea — ^Ann Eugenie, horn Sept. 21 1855 ; Alfred A., bora Sept 7, 1857 Carrie J., bora Sept., 1859 ; Lyman D. born June 15, 1861 ; Hattie E., bora S^t., 1863; George H., bom Sept., 1865. He is a Democrat ; has been Township Assessor two years; he was the first member of the Board of Supervisors in this township ; has been School Director two terms. He owns 444 acres of land, WOTth $25 per acre. He is the oldest leadent of the township. CAKPENTEE, J. W., farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. O. Strawberry Point. Cm, R. G., fer., S. 19 ; P. O. Brash CrBek. Chapman, O., for.. Sec. 22 ; P. O. Straw- boiy Point. Cole, H., fer.. Sec. 25 ; P. O. Strawberry Point Cooper, W. 0., far., S. 15; P. O. Brash Creek. CoTill, E., £mner, S. 9. P. O. Brush Creek. COTlXIi, M. D., fermer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; b.>m in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 1819 ; located in this conn- ' ty in 1856. Married Eliza White in 1845 ; she was bom in Wyoming Co., N. T., 1827 ; has four children— Eu- gene, bora March 23, 1848; Alice E., Oct. 28, 1851; Lncy L., Aug. 27, 1854 ; Libbie J., Oct. 28, 1858. He is a Nationalist ; has been School Direct- or two years. He owns 205 acres of land, worth f 25 per acre. Coslor, W. A. &rmer and laborer, S. 19 ; P. 0. Putnam. Cunningham, H., far., .S. 24; P.O. Straw- berry Point. D.\GGETT. W. farmer. S^ 12; P. O. Stra^rberry Point Dannels, A., far., S. 23 ; Strawberry Point. DELJlX, a. JL, feimer, S«. 25 : P. 0. Brash Creek ; bora in On^da Co., N. Y.. in 1827 ; moved to Cattaiangos Co.. N. Y., in 1848, thence to Chicka- saw Co., Iowa, in 1S56, and located in this eoun^ in 1S66. Married Miss Mary A. Kendall in 1853; she was bom in Orange Co., Tt., March 11. l'^27 ; have two children — ^Lncy A.. bora March 29, 1 S54 ; Hattie K.. Nov. 28, 1862. He is a member of United Brethren Church ; she is a Methodist. He has been Township Trustee three years. School Director two years. He owns 16ti acres of land, worth §25 per acre. Derflinger, J. E.. &r.. S. IS : P. O. Brush Creek. Dewel, Bcnj., far.. Sec. 36; P. O. Straw- berry Point S Downer, H. A., fer., S. 28 : P. 0. Straw- ' berry Point Durfey, H. C, fer., S. 23 : P. O. Ward s I Corners. EWING, ROBERT, Jr., Se.: 14 : P. O. Strawberry Point. Ewing, Eobt, far., Sec. 14; P. O. Straw- berry Point. ; Ewing, S.. far.. S. 2 ; P. O. Brush CreeL TpOSTER. H.. farmer, See. 26; P. O. i * Strawberry Point. FOSTER, JOH]f A., fermer. Sec. 10 ; P. O. Brush Creek ; bora in Scot- land in 1 839 ; came to this country in 1852, and located in this county in 1866. Married Miss Jessie McNanght in 1865 : she was born in Scotland in 1847 ; they have five children — ^Allen, bora Sept. 9, 1866 ; John, Aug. 18, 1868 ; Betsey. May 7, 1870; Thomas, ' Feb. 11, 1874 ; Isabella, Sept 19, 1877. , Are Presbyterians ; he is a Republican. Has been Pathmaster one year. He I owns 134 acres of land, worth S2o per ' acre. I Frank. H., fer., S. 8 ; P. O. Brush Creek. G ANSON, A., Sec. 9; P. O. Brush Creek. Geeser, Lndwig, fenner. I Gilbert, A., fer., S. 9; P. O. Brush Creek. I Gladwin, I., far. ; P. O. Putnam. 618 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Gotham, A., fer., See. 36 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. Goodrich, D. E., far., S. 24; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. Gruble, J. F.,fai-., S. 2 ; P.O. Brush Creek. Gundlach, C.,fai-., S. 31 ; P. 0. Putnam. GUNDIiA'CH, JOnCV, farmei-. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Putnam ; born in Mecklen- burg', Germany, in 1824 ; came to the Tlnited States in 1849, settling in Ka- cine Co., Wis., and in Berrien Co., Mich., in 1854, and in, this county in 1855. Married Miss Mary Seedorff in 1854 ; she was born in Mecklenburg, in 1821 ; they have two children — -John H., born Jan. 30, 1856 ; Mary S., Aug. 14, 1857. They are Luther- ans ; he is a Democrat. He owns 445 acres of land in a high state of cultiva- tion, worth 825 per acre. He is one of the most enterprising farmers in his neighborhood. Gundlach, M., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Putnam. HAHN, F., Sr., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Putnam. Hahn, J. T., farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Brush Creek. HAHX, FREDERIC, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Mec- klenburg, Germany, in 1 843 ; located in this country with his parents in 1853, and in this county in 1865. Married Miss Wilhelmina Peishzan in 1871 ; she was born in Prussia ; have three children — Wilhelmina; M. L., born Aug. 31, 1873; John H., Jan. 16, 1875. They are Evangelical Luther- ans ; Republican. He has been School Director four yeai-s, sub-Director sev- eral terms. Supervisor five years. He owns 120 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. HARKIIVS, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Putnam ; born in Will Co., 111., in 1840 ; located in this county in 1859. Married Mrs. Mary Pitts (maid- en name Owns) in 1872 ; she was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., in 1839 ; they have one son (adopted) — Henry, born Sept. 9, 1875. She is a member Free- Will Baptist Church ; he is a Na- tionalist. Owns 120 acres of laud, val- ued at $20 per acre. HALL, OEORd^E B,, farmer, Sec- 27 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Windham Co., Conn., in 1830 ; moved to Ogle Co., 111., in 1855. Enlisted in Co G,74th I.V. L, Aug. 11, 1862; he was on detached duty the greater part of his time while in the service ; he was mustered out in 1865, and located in Ogle Co. 111. Married Miss Estie Lyon in 1850, she was born in same county and State in 1830 ; he located in this county 1867 ; have nine children — George H,, born Sept. 30, 1851 ; Ann E., June 25, 1853 ; Estie K., Jan. 15, 1855 ; Eugene E., July 9, 1857; John E., Juno 30, 1859 ; Wallace G., June 19, 1861 ; Lucy M., March 29, 1863; Julia R.. Jan, 23, 1866 ; Albert N., April 23^ 1868. He is a Republican ; has been Supervis- or five years. He owns 1 65 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. Hanfle, F., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. Harkins, Jas., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. SUwber- ry Point. HARRIIS, JAMES A., farmer, S. 33 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1846 ; he loca- ted in this county in 1870. Married Miss Susan Hoggin 1873 ; she wasborn in the same plaice, Canada, in 1849 ; have three children — Isabella E., born May 12, 1874 ; Andrew Hope, Nov. 9,1876; Robert M., Dec. 11, 1877. Are members of the Union Baptist Church. He is a Republican ; is Town- ship Trustee ; has been Road Supervisor. Ho owns 345 acres of land, worth $25 per acre ; he has a beautiful location, and land well improved. Haxton, D. B., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. Hibner, John, far., S. 23; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. Hicks, B. F., far., S. 4; P. 0. Brush Creek. Hicks, E., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. HOWARD, WARRAN M., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Putnam ; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1836. Located in Strawberry Point, Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1855, and in this county in 1860; He married Miss Margaret Nelson in 1859 ; i^she was born in Illinois in 183? ; their children are Frank H., born July 24, 1860; Flora L., born March 21, 1865 ; Warran Nelson, burn March 30, 1868 ; Lillie B., July 25, 1870 ; Bertie R., July 3, 1876. He id a Nationalist in politics ; has been School PUTNAM TOWNSHIP. 619 Director one year. He is cultivating 160 acres of land owned by his mother. Hoy{, L. S., far., S. 4 ; P. Brush Creek. Hunter, Jos., far., S. 18 ; P.O. Brush Creek. TEWETT, H. K, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. fj Brush Creek. EELLOY, IRA, far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Kelloy, Mat, far., S. 20; P. O. Brush KIDDER, REV. F., farmer and minister. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Brattleboro, Vt., in 1811 ; moved to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1823 ; thence traveled over the States of New York and Pennsylvania, ■ preaching; he finally located in this county in the Spring of 1865. Married Miss Pamelia Abbott May 15, 1836; she was boru in Genesee Co. (near Roch- ester), N. Y., Dec. 6, 1815 ; eight chil- dren — Cora, born Feb. 26, 1837 ; Lydia D., July 30, 1838 ; Jeannie, Oct. 26, 1840 ; Sophia, Sept. 13, 1842 ; Pamelia, April 2, 1844; Nathan, April 6, 1846 ; Josephine, March 17, 1857 ; De Forest, July 11, 1861. They are Close Com- munion Baptists. He owns 192 acres of land, with choice selected trees, worth 820 per acre. King,. W., farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Kiaus, P.. far-., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. LAMBERT, A., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Lang, E. E., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. LAJTG, ST. S., farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Strawbeiiy Point ; born in Allegheny C'l., Penn., in 1820 ; moved to Lorain Co., Ohio, in 182;-i ; thence to Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1856, and located in this county in 1866. He married Miss Char- lotte M. Squires in 1846 ; she was born in Essex Co., N. Y.,in 1828 ; have nine children — Annette H., born Feb. 1:2, 1847 ; James A., Oct. 28, 1849; Emma A., Nov. 29, 1854 ; Edgar E., Dec. 21, 1857 ; Isadore E., Feb. 23, 1859 ; Will- iam A., June 14, 1861; Edith M., Sept. 14, 186:-5 ; Leon L., July 8, 1870 ; Charles E, Oct. 14, 1873. Member of the U. B. Church. Republican. Was Township Trustee four years, Assessor one year. School Director several terms. He owns 170 acres, worth $25 per acre. lilTTIiE, WII.LIAM E., farm- er. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Wayne Co., N. Y., Jan. 25, 18'-^8 ; moved to Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1847, and located in this county in 1865. Married Miss Jane Speed in 1857 ; she was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Oct. 12, 1832; have three chil- dren—Edwin S., born Feb. 4, 1859; Lyman A., Nov. 21, 1866; Millie I., Dec. 25, 1868. Are members of the M. E. Church ; Republican. Has been Township Trustee three years. School Director ten years, Treasurer three years. Owns 200 acres of land in a high state of cultivation, with good and tasty improvements. Col. Little is large- ly engaged in the dairy business ; he is Vice President of the Dairymen's North- ern Iowa Butter and Cheese Associa- tion, organized in March, 1877; he has contributed a great many instructive ar- ticles to the press on the manner of con- ducting the dairy business profitably, and read an essay before the Dairymen's Association at Brush Creek Feb. 23, 1878, in which he succinctly pointed out the advantages of unity of action in the dairy business ; he alluded with commendable pride to the fact that Iowa captured the gold medal at the Centen- nial for the best butter. He has a wind- mill for hoisting water, which he conveys to his stock in pipes laid under ground, below the action of the frost. He keeps a large herd of stock on his farm all the time. Loban, W. W., far. ; P. 0. Brush Creek. liYOW, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Wind- ham Co., Conn., in 1825; moved to Hampshire Co., Mass., in 1846 ; thence to Delaware Co., luwa, in 1864, and lo- cated in this county in 1867. Married Miss Susan A. Weeks in 1862 ; she was born in New York ; have two children — Lucy M., born Sept. 9, 1865 ; Louisa B., Nov. 12, 1867. Are members ot the U. B. Church ; Repub- lican. He owns eighty-five acres of land, worth $20 per acre. McALISTER, R., far., Sec. 6 ; P. O. Brush Creek. McCrea, T., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. 620 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: McDOXAIiD, J. R., farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Cdnada in 1838 ; came to the United States, locating in New York State in 1846 ; thence in Sheboygan Co., Wis., then went to the Rooky Mountains in 1859 ; returning, located in Jones Co., Iowa, in 1862. He enlisted in the 31st I. V. I., Co. H, in 1864, and was mus- tered out in 1 865 , at Louisville, Ky. ; returned to Jones Co., Iowa, and located in this county in 1867. Married Miss Lucy E. Sisson in 1857 ; she was born in New York State in 1838 ; they have an adopted son — Frank, born June 27, 1863. They are Methodists; Re- publican ; has been School Director three yeari«. Township Clerk six years. Constable five years. He owns 125 acres of land, worth $30 per acre. MANCHESTER, J. S., Sec. 9; P. 0. Brush Creek; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1839; located in this county in 1868. Married Miss Eliza- beth R. Rowe in 1870 ; she was born in Marshall Co., 111., in 1850; died in 1875. He has one son — Harmon E., born Oct. 2, 1872. He is a Republican. Owns 180 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. Manchester, W. B., far., S. 14; P. 0. Strawberry Point. Mead, John, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. MEIXKEN, HERMAKf, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Putnam; born in Achen-Hanover, Germany, in 1 822 ; came to this county in 1850. Married Mary Quitmyer, who was born in Ger- many in 1808 ; she has two children by a former husband — Henry and Louis Quitmyer. Mr. Meinken is a Nation- alist in politics. He owns 183 acres of land, worth $20 per acre. Miller, G. H., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. MILIiER, J. S., farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Lafayette Co., Wis., in 1838 ; located in this county in 1869. Married Miss Annie E. Benedict in 1864 ; she was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., in 1843. They have three children — Allen F., born May 22, 1865 ; Jesse A., born Nov. 19, 1870; Earnest A., April 29, 1874. Are members of the M. E. Church ; he is a Nationahst in politics; has been Township Trustee one year, School Di- rector two yea/rs, independent School Director three years. He owns 150 acres of land, worth $30 per acre. Mrs. Maria Benedict, mother of Mrs. Miller, lives with her daughter and son- in-law; she was born in New York State, and came West with her husband thirty-two years ago. Morley, Abby, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. MORLEY, F. S., farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Ogle Co., III., in 1850. Married Miss Abby Morley in 1876 ; she was born in Hampden Co., Mass., in 1851. He has been Supervisor three terms ; Republi- can. He owns 136 acres of land, worth $25 per acre Morley, H., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Morris, Richard, farmer, See. 23 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. Morris, T., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Putnam. Morse, G., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. NORTHROP, JAS., farmer, See. 35; P. 0. Strawberry Point. OPPERMAN, H., farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Orvis, J. R., farmer ; Sec. 29. ORVIS, V. M., farmer. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Putnam ; born in Brattleboro, Vt., in 1814 ; moved with his father to Washington Co., N. Y., in 1815, thence to Lake George, N. Y., in 1828, thence to Genesee (now Wyoming) Co., N. Y., the following year ; from thence to Kane Co., 111., in 1844, and to Winnebago Co., 111., in 1846, and to this county in 1867. He married Miss M. G. Tyler in 1834 : she was born in Le Key, Wyoming Co., N. Y., in 1818; their children are — John R., born Nov. 27 1835 ; Mary E., April 20, 1839 ; Ma- tilda A., July 25, 1842 ; Henrietta M. Aug. 23, 1845 ; Henry C, Sept. 17 1849 ; Delilah E., Dec. 7, 1852 ; Lu cinda R., Sept. 4, 1855. Are Free Will Baptists. He is a Nationalist; Town ship Supervisor ; he owns 120 acres of land, worth $30 per acre. PELLBY, ORRIN, farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. PHEIiPS, SENiCA, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1835; moved to Steuben Co., Ind., in 1838, PUTNAM TOWNSHIP. 621 thence to Warren Co., 111., in 1847, to Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1852, and lo- cated in this county in 1866. Married Miss Amanda McPall in 1858 ; she was born in Mahoning Co., Ohio, May 13, 1841 ; have five children — Adelpha, born July 11, 1859 ; Charles J., July 24, 1861 ; Daniel 0., Aug. 7, 1863 ; Elizabeth Elsi, Aug. 1, 1865 ; Sylves- ter, July 14, 1864; Kichard L., No- vember, 1871 ; Laura L., Sept. 20, 1873; Edith Pearl, Feb. 21, 1876; baby, March 21, 1878. Members of the U. B. Church. He owns eighty acres of land, worth $25 per acre. Phillips, W. P., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Brush Potter, G. S., far., S. 3; P. 0. Brush PBOBASCO, ALBERT, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Brush Creek; bom in Sussex Co., N. J., 1827; moved to Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1838, and lo- cated in this county in 1856. He mar- ried Miss Abigail Wood in 1858 ; she was born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1839 ; they have six children — Agnes M., born Aug. 4, 1859 ; Eleanor E., Aug. 19, 1860 ; Joseph L., June 28, 1862; Mary A., Dec. 1, 1865 ; Sarah L., Jan. 5, 1868; Alice A., July 15, 1875. Agnes and Eleanor are mem- bers of the U. B. Church ; he is a Republican ; has been County Super- visor ; he owns 270 acres of land worth 830 per acre. Mr. Probasco has very good improvements. Puffit, F., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. QUINTMYRE, L., farmer, S. 29 ; P. 0. Putnam. RICHES, JOHN, far., 8. 19 ; P. 0. Pumam. Uiplow, H., far.: P. 0. Putnam. Roberts, J., 8. il ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Robinson,, Wm., far., S. 10; P. 0. Brush BOWE, JOHUr p., farmer, S. 16 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Marshall Co., 111., April 14, ,1846; moved to Woodford Co., 1870 _; located in this county in 1873. Married Miss Margaret E. Gordon Dec. 22, 1869; she was born in Marshall Co., 111., Dec. 2, 1851 ; they have one child, Adolphus William Bertie, born Jan. 14, 1875. He owns 160 acres of land, worth $25 per acre ; he is an industrious and prosperous young farmer. SCHMIDT, GEORGE, farmer, S. 15 ;. P- 0. Brush Creek. SCHWARTZ. AUGUST, farmer, S. 18; P. 0. Brush Creek; born in Mecklenburg, Germany, 1832 ; came to this county in 1857, and located in Cook Co., 111., and finally moved to this county, 1869. He married Miss Sophia Schlura in 1858 ; she was born in Ger- many in 1829 ; they have five children — William, bom Dec. 9, 1858 ; Augusta, Dec. 20, 1861; John, Jan. 28, 1863; Rudolph, Sept. 4, 1865; Lews, Dec. 15, 1871. Are Lutherans; he is a Republican. He owns eighty acres of land, worth $1,500. Scott, J. far., S. 25; P. 0. Brash Creek. SEEDORFF, FREDERICK, farmer, S. 21 , P. 0. Putnam; bom in Mecklenburg, Germany in 1839 ; he lo- cated in this county in 1865. Married Miss Annie Kohler in 1876 ; she was born in Switzerland in 1853 ; have one boy — Frederick, born June 2, 1877. Mr. S. has been Supervisor two years. He owns 170 acres of land, worth $25 per acre ; he is an extensive reader, keeping posted on all subjects of public interest. Seedorff, Jno., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Putnam. Shambaugh, C. L., far., S. 6 ; P.O. Brush Creek. Shambaugh, T. E., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Brush CjTqqk. SHRIVE, GEORGE, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Brush Creek; born in Fayette Co., Penn., in 1842 ; located in this coun- ty in 1873. Married Miss Alvira Hall in 1871 ; she was born in Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1847 ; they have three children — Annie L., born Jan. 15, 1872; Thomas D., May 15, 1873 ; George, Feb. 6, 1876. Republican; is Justice of the Peace two years ; School Director several terms. He owns 110 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. Smith, C. W., far.. Sec. 8 ; ' P. 0. Brash Smith, J., far., S. 24; P.O. Strawberry Point. Smith, Ira, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. Spaulding, J. far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. 4 622 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : SPEHrSIiEY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. O, Putnam ; bom in Dubuc(tie, Iowa, 1845 ; located in this county in 1873. Married Miss Helen B. Young in 1868 ; she was born in Logan Co., Ky., in 1852 ; their children are George E,., born Nov. 3, 1872; John William, Sept. 30, 187-1; James W., Oct. 30. 1876 ; Mary T., Aug. 14, 1877. He is President of the Board of Independent School Directors. He owns 147 J acres of land, worth §25 per acre. Squires, C. A., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Straw- berry. SQUIRES, JAJffES B., farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; born in Jay, Essex Co., N. Y., 1826 ; moved to I,orain Co., Ohio, in 1 829, and located in this county, Feb., in 1856. He married Miss Delight Andrcss July 27, 1848 she was born in Lorain Co., Ohio, Nov 18, 1832 ; they have five children- Clarence A., born Nov. 24, 1852 ; Ste phen A., Aug. 12, 1861 ; Lester, March 28, 1864; Charles, July 25, 1870. Bell, Sept. 9, 1873. He is a Democrat; has been Justice of the Peace eighteen years, and has held all the other town- ship offices except Constable (could not be Justice and Constable at same time). He owns 320 acres of land, worth §25 per acre. He is the oldest resident in the Township (except J. S. Bruce). His improvements are comfortable and substantial. Starr, C. W.,far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Stewart, Thos., far., S. 18; P. 0. Brush Creek. Stringer, J. J., fai-., S. 24 ; P. O. Brush Creek. Stroud, Thos., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. SWEET, AUBERT F., farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Winnebago Co., 111., in 1842 ; located in this county in 1870. Married Miss Phoebe Annis in 1871 ; she was born in Waukesha Co., Wis., in 1842; they have three children — George F., born Aug. 4, 1873; Truman A., bom Nov. 18, 1874; Mary M., born Dec. 18, 1876. He is a Republican. He is renting 160 acres of land, which he is successfully cultivating. TALCOT, H. P., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Taylor, A., farmer with his father-in-law, Sec. 36. TEESDAliE, GEORGE, farmer, S. 36 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point; born in Lincolnshire, Eng., in 1824; came to St. Joseph, Mich., in 1835, and to this county in 1856 ; spent four yeai-s in California. Married Miss Elizabeth Gar- wood in 1855 ; she was born in Cham- paign Co., Ohio, in 1832; have three children — Sarah Elizabeth, born June 1, 1858; Samuel D., bom Sept. 30, 1862; Cora E., born May 5, 1866. Member of the United Brethren Church. Has been School Treasurer three years. He owns 172 acres of land, worth §25 per acre. TRUESDEIili, WM. P., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, in 1 840 ; located in this county in 1869. Married Miss Hannah Silburn in 1874; she was born in Carroll Co., Ohio, in 1843. They have two children — Olive May, born May 27, 1875; James B., Oct. 13, 1877. He is a Republican ; has been School Director two years. He owns 160 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. Traman, Silas, far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Straw- berry Point. WAIT, G. W , far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. WAIT, lilVINGSTON Jf ., farm- er. Sec. 36; P. O. Strawberry Point; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1849 ; located in this county in 1856 ; his sis- ter, Olive J ., lives with him ; she was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1856. Are Methodists ; he is a Republican ; School Director two years. Owns eighty acres of land, worth $20 per acre. Ward, E. M., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point. Ward, Robt., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Strawbery Point. Warner, A. M. Warner, W. S., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Watson, J., far., S. 5 ; Westfall. E. L.,. far., i berry Point. ' W^HEEIiAJfD, C. G., farmer and stock raiser, S. 8 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ' born in Burlington, Vt., in 1823 ; went to Canada in 1826 ; returned to St Albans, Vt., 1845, thence to Troy, N P. 0. Brush Creek. 3. 34 ; P. 0. Straw- EDEN TOWNSHIP. 623 Y., 1846, and returned to St. Albans in 1851 ; he located in this county in 1855. Married Miss Charity Lackey in 1844 ; she was born in Franklin Co., Vt., 1821; four children — Charles J., born June 3, 1847 ; Grier W., Feb. 10, 1852 ; Emma L. and Edna L. (twins), April 22, 1863. He is a Nationalist ; Charles J., Repub lican; Grier W., Democrat. Mr. W. has been School Director and Trustee several terms. (G. W. is a graduate of Rush Medical College, and has been practicing medicine the last three years at Ashton, Clayton Co., Iowa.) They have been engaged for the past eight years, in raising the best grades of stock, for which their farm is peculiarly well adapted ; they have the thorough bred short horns, Betty Doon, Frantic Booth, Bright Eyes the Seventh, Smuggler, and Monarch the Third now on the farm ; they have sold $10,000 worth of butter of their creamery since 1865 ; sold 2,100 lbs. last year ; they are erecting a new creamery of 300 cows' capacity ; they own 400 acres of land ; all under three-wire barb fence, worth $40 per acre. Wilson, G. far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Wilson, M., far., S. 10 ; P.O. Brush Creek. Wilson, S., far., S. 10 ; P.O. Brush Croek. EDEN TOWNSHIP. ALTON, GEORGE W., farm- er. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Broome Co., N. Y., in 1825, and left that State in 1845, and settled in Cook Co., 111., where he engaged in milling, and married Elizabeth A. Hennings in 1852 ; she was born in England in 1831 ; they have three children — Wm. H., born in 1855 ; John E., born in 1857 ; and Reno R., born in 1862 ; lost two children — George T., born in 1853, and died in 1861 ; Delbert, born in 1860, and died in 1861. Came to this county in 1853, and settled on his present es- tate of eighty acres ; was one of the earliest settlers, living in a covered wagon until he had built a shanty for their home ; his land was all brush, and he is one of the early pioneers. AXDEBSOIV, HORACE, miller. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., May 4, 1836. Married Martha E. Stillman in 1866 ; she was born in New Haven, Conn., March 7, 1842; they have two children living — Horace S. and Leonora E,; lost one child — Lucy E. Mr. A. first set- tled in Winneshiek County, and lived until 1868, when he came to this county and, in company with E. B. Stillman, purchased the mill in Waucoma, and is doing a prosperous business. Was Jus- tice of the Peace two terms, is Town Trustee at the present time, and Presi- dent of the School Board, Trustee and Treasurer and member of the First Congregational Church, and Cemetery Treasurer, and otherwise identified with the interests of the town and county. BAKER, JOHNSON, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Eden. BALIiARD, CATHERINE, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; widow of Walter R. Douglass, who came to this county in 1855, and settled on the pres- ent estate ; he was born in Virginia in 1821, and was one of the early settlers in this town. They were married in 1850, and he died in March, 1874 ; had eleven children, five of whom are living — Newton J., Nancy E., Edward J., Sarah E. and Mary E. She married George L. Ballard, who died in 1876; had one child — George W. The estate of 175 acres is conducted by her chil- dren, and is valued at $40 per acre. The family are members of the United Brethren Church. Barker, Johnson, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Eden. Beebe, G. W., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Bethel. Bevens, N., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Beniamin, H. C.,far.,S. 14; P. 0. Bethel. BLACKMAN, GILBERT S., farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Seneca Co., Ohio, in 1828, which place he left in 1848, and settled in Wiscon- sin, where he resided until iSSl, when he started with his family and an ox 624 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : team and came to this county in March, and is the first settler in this town ; has a farm of 125 J acres, valued at $30 per acre ; carried ihe first grist to the mill at Auburn, when that building was com- pleted. Enlisted as private in the 49th Ohio S. v., Co. H ; was promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. I ; was in the battle of Shiloh, and served abjut eight months, when he returned and was ap- pointed 10 the Sutlership of the 27th Colored Troops, in which capacity he served about one year. Was one of the clerks of the first election ever held in this town, and is serving the third term of Justice of the Peace ; also Township Trustee one year, and is prominently known throughout the county. Mar- ried Emily F. Chapin ; she was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 1831 ; have one child living — G. Louis ; lost one child — Irving R. Blanchard, J. E., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Eden. BliAXCHAJBD, THOMAS T., farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1838. Mar- ried Margaret Willis in 1859; she was born in Ohio, in 1836 ; have four chil- dren — Florctta A., Lovina M., Elgin T. and Clara B. First settled in Wiscon- sin, where he enlisted in the 31st Wis. S. V. Inf , Co. Gr, and served until the close of the war ; participated in the battles of Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Buzzard's Roost, Fort No. 9, Bentonville, N. C, and was with Sherman on his march to the sea. Came to this county in 1869, and set- tled on his present estate of eighty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Held the the office of Constable one year. Bodensdner, John, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Bowles, Gr. W., merchant, S. 32 ; Bethel. Brannon, J. K., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Wau- coma. Brannon, J., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Brannon, J., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Brannon, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Brannon, 0., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Brannon, P., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Brannon, T., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Brayton, R. S. far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Bethel. Broadbent, A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Stapleton. BROADBE]VT,GEOB€^E W., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Bethel ; born in England in 1836. Married Alice I' tell in 1864; she was born in War Co., Penn., in lS40 ; have one chile Franklin H. Came to this countj 1855, and lived on the homestead u: he enlisted in the 9th I. S. V., Co. participated in battles of Pea Rid siege of Vicksburg, Nashville, Miss Ridge, Savannah, Bentonville, and ■ with Sherman on his march to the s served until the close of the war and ^ honoraby discharged and mustered at Clinton, Iowa. In 1876, he mo' upon his present farm, which he ren has 120 acres. Both are members the M. E. Church. Broadbent, Wm., farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. Stapleton. Burke, John, far., S. 10., P. 0. Wauooi Burney, R. I., lab. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Betl Burns, John, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Burnside, A. C, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. W coma. BURXSIDE, JACOB D., farn Sec. 14 and 15; P. 0. Waucoma; h in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1818. Marr Phoebe A in 1840 ; she was b in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1818 ; they h six children living — Albert and Ade twins, Caroline, Mary, James and H •ry ; lost three children — Helen J., i Emma and Ella, twins. Eldest s Albert, enlisted in 1862, in 6th I. V. Co. C, and was with the northwest expedition against the Indians ; was the battles of White Stone Hills, Dei Bluff and Bad Lands, and served o three years, and was honorably ( charged in 1865 Mr. B. came to t county in 1853 and settled on his pi ent estate, which was Grovernment li at that time, and is one of the earli settlers in this town ; has farm of i acres, valued at $25 per acre ; also, residence and two lots in the villagi Waucoma. Was Assessor seven eiaht years. Town Clerk and Justice the Peace two years, and is prominer identified with the interests of the tc and countv. Burnside, J. M., Postmaster, Waucomi Burnside, M., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Wauco /^^ ALLAN, PAT, laborer, See. 9 ; P. V_y Waucoma. Campbell, Oliver, far., 8. 4; P. 0. Bet Chapman, John, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Bet EDEN TOWNSHIP. 625 Chase, M., Cons., S. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma. CLAKK, ANDKEW, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Aryshire, Scotland, in 1833, and left that shire in 185Y, and settled in Canada, where he resided until 1871 , when he came to this county and settled on his present estate, where he has since made his home ; has a farm of eighty-six acres, valued at $30 per acre. The family are members of the Qongregational Church at Waucoma. CLARK, JAUEEIS, farmer. Sec. 34; P. 0. Bethel ; born in OswegQ Co., N. Y., in 1822. Married Frances C. Root in 1850 ; she was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; have four children liv- ing — William 0., Francis C, Lizzie Gr. and Mary R. ; lost two children — James E. and Helen A. First settled in Rock Co., Wis., in 1844, where he lived until he came to this county, in 1853, and settled on his present estate of 120 acres, valued at $30 per acre ; is one of the early settlers in this town. Was Justice of the Peace two years. Town- ship Trustee two years, and Clerk of the Township, District School Director, and otherwise prominently identified with the interests of the town and county. CLARK, ORLAND, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Bethel ; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1829. Married Eliza P. Broadbent in 1857 ; she was born in England in 1840 ; they have seven chil- dren — Clarissa A., Sarah E., Hattie N., Samuel K., Marion E., Robert 0. and Helen A. Mr. C. came to this county in the Fall of 1854, and settled on his present estate of 120 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Was one of the early settlers, and has experienced all the hard- ships of pioneer life. CLYDE, ALEXAIVDER, farm- er, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Waucoma; born in Scotland in 1838, and came to this coun- try in 1856 ; first settled in Winnesheik Co,, where he lived until 1865, when he came, to this county and settled on his present estate ; has a farm of 160 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Filled the offices of Town Trustee, President of the School Board, and Assessor, one year, and otherwise interested in the welfare of the town and county. Married Flor- ence Peet in 1867 ; she was born in Cook Co., 111., in 1859 ; have four chil- dren living — Alexander, Jr., John, William and Frank ; lost one child who died in infancy. Is a member of the Congresational Church. COll^fKLIIir, H. F., farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., in 1841. Married Charlotte Clark Dec. 23, 1866 ; she was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1841 ; have three children living — J. Edwin, G-eorge and one not yet christened ; lost one child — Abbie E. Left New York State when a boy, and with his father settled in Rock Co., Wis., where he lived until he enlisted, in 1864, in the 43d Wis. V. I , Co. D, and served nine months ; was under Gen. Thomas, and served in all the raids by that Division ; was honor- ably discharged and mustered out at Milwaukee. Returned to Wisconsin, in 1865 ; came to this county and set- tled on his present estate in 1871 ; has a farm of eighty acres, valued at $20 per acre. Cook, Geo., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Bethel. Crowther, C. M., far., S. 14; P. 0. Wau- coma. DAVrS, ALMER, carpenter. Sec. 32; P. 0. Bethel. Davis, A., carp., P. 0. Bethel. DAVIS. PHILANDER, farmer, Sec. 32 ;' P. 0. Bethel ; born in Hamil- ton Co., N. Y., in 1817; Married Eunice E. Talcott in 1843 ; she was born in Lake Co., Ohio, in 1821 ; have ninechildren living — AnnaC, AshbelE., Almon and Aimer, twins, Ellie M., Hor- ace P., Hendrick S. N., Emile E. and Lillie M. ; lost one child — Algernon B., who enlisted in May, 1863, in the 46th I. S. v., Co. F, 100 days' service, and died while on the journey home, Sept. II, after serving his time. Mr. D. first settled in Ohio, where he lived until 1843, when he went to Rock Co., Wis., and resided until he came to this coun- ty, in 1857, and settled in Waucoma, where he purchased a farm a^d lived until 1868, when he settled on his pres- ent estate of 150 acres, valued at $35 per acre ; was founder of the village of Alpha, that has grown up surrouoding his home. Justice of the Peace two terms, member of the Board of Super- visors, School Director many years, and otherwise prominently knjwn and iden- 626 DIRECTORY OF FAYKTTH COUNTY: tified with the interests of the town and county. Defounce, J,, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Dodd, 0. B. physician, P. 0. Waucoma. Douglas, Ed., lab., H. !) ; P. 0. Waucoma. Doug;la8, N., lab., 8. 9 ; J'. 0. Waucoma. DOYLE, JAMES, farni(r. See. 21 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in parish of Tra- more, county of Waterford, Ireland, in 1833; came to this country in 1848, Htopping in Quebec one year, when he removed to Vermont, where he lived until 1858 ; he removed to Chi- cago, subsequently settling in Jo Da- viess Co., where he resided until 1864, when he came to this county, and in 1868, settled on his present estate of 160 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Mar- ried Mary Q-oilcadan in 1 854 ; she was born in Nana, county of Tipperary, Ire- land, in 1833 ; have nine children liv- ing — James, Patrick, p]dward, Frank, Joannah, Margaret, Bridget, Mary and Anastasia; lost three children — Walter, Catherine and Walter 2d. Are mem- bers of the Catholic Church, DOYLE, MARTIN, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; bom in Ireland in 1819, and came to this country in 1849, visiting several States ; settled in Jo Daviess Co., where he resided until 1863, when he removed to Wisconsin, and lived until he came to this county in 1868, and settled on his present es- tate of 135 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Bridget Conann in 1856; she was born in Ireland in 1829 ; have four children living — Daniel, Mar- garet A., Patrick and Mary; lost four children, all of whom died in infancy. The family are all members of the Cath- olic Church. Drun, Thos., far., 8. 9 ; P. 0. Wauwjma. Dugan, P., blksmfch, 8. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Dun, Jos., farmer, S. 2 ; P. 0. Waucoma. EGAN, PETER, hh<,rvr, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Waucoma. TpAPtLBY, E. H., stage driver, Sec. 9. Farle, John, far., 8. 20 ; P. 0, Waucoma. FALLOWS, l>ANIEL, farmer, >Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in P]n- gland in 1829. Married Mary J']. Far- yer in 1 859 ; she was born in Pjisoach, ficrniany, in 1 839 ; have three children — Fred T,, Lucy N. and Emily A.; l6st one child who died in infancy, Mr. F. followed the sea for three years, znaking two voyages from Liverpool l;i) Callao, S. A , South Chincha islanda and the Isle of Man ; returning to En- gland, found that his parents nad gone to America ; set out for that land which hi! reached in 1843, and settled with his father at Bird's Ruins, Wis,, subse- quently being at Lake Mills and Mar- shall until he was appointed Sutler in the Army of the Northwest ; statiuned at Raleigh and St. Louis, Mo., one year, when ho returned and had charge of Camp Reynolds. In 1865, he came to this county and settled on his present estate of eighty acres, valued at $25 per acTe. Was Town (Jlerk two years, Trus- tee two or throe ternjs. Assessor and Collector, and is now serving the secomi tenn as J ustice of the Peace;, was school Director a number of years and other- wise prominently identified with the interests of the town find county, Farrell, Owen, lab,, 8. 9 ; P. 0. WaucfWia, FauMt, Henry, Chickasaw, Finch, A, A., far., 8, 34; P. 0. Bethel, Finch, Dey, far., H,, 28 ; P. 0. Waucoma, FIBTCH, KU<4K1VB, former. Sec, 28; V.O. Waucoma; born in Milwau- kee., Wis., in 1848. .Married Jane Pitts in 1870 ; she was born in IlliDniii in 1848; have four children living — pjdgar, Theron, Max and Norman ; lost one child — Clara. Came to thi« county with his father Lewis P. Finch, in 1853, who died in 1873. He married Mary Rowe ; she was born in Broome Co., N. Y., in 1813, and is still living on the homestead; they had eleven children, sevin of whom are living — Ophelia, Calista, Salestria, Eugene, Dorr, Day and Hal tie. The family are among the early settlers in tlii« town and county ; has a farni of 220 arres, valued at $20 per acre. Fungan, M. A., far., H, 8 ; P, 0. Waucoma. Fungan, P., far., H. 7 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Foster, ChaH., far,, Soc. 36 ; J', 0. Bethel. Foster, M, P., far.. Sec. :56; P. 0. Bethel. GAPPA, MICHAKL, tanner. See. 8; J'. 0. Waueoma. Giirzee, F., far., Sec, 27 ; J'. 0. Wauconia. 20 awes, valued at $30 per aero. Held the office of Town Trustee two years, and is one of the eai'ly settlers. Married Jlary Burn- side in 1S52 ; she was born in Otsego Co., N. Y. in 1825 ; have two children living — James L. and Franz Sigel — lost onechild — Florence M., died in 1 8(!1 . HOUSE, HOIiLASri* J., fiirmei, Sec, 1 ; P. 0, Waucoma ; born in IMad- ison Co,, N. Y,, in 1842 ; married Ame- lia Hiprgins in 18()2, and same year en- listed in 176th N, Y, V., Co, A,, nine months men ; participated in the battle of Brasher City, and taken prisoner at New Orleans and paroled ; served over one year and was discharged. Came to this county in 1866, and settled on his present estate of 100 acres, valued at $25 per acre. They have six children — Addie E., Bertie F,, Lynne H., Can-oil H., Ashton H, and Maud A. Are mem- bers of the Congregational Church. Is School Director, and held the office of Master and Overseer of the Grange two years, HOLTON, iniliES, farmer, S, 32 ; P. 0. Btthel; born in Ontario Co,, N. Y,, in 1820. Mai-ried Anna Davis in 1867 ; she was born in Wisconsin in 1845 ; he first settled in Ohio, where he lived until 1851, when ho came to this county, and settled near Elgin, Enlist- ed as a private in 1861, in the Ninth I, S. v., Co, F, ; participated in the battles of Vioksburg, Arkansas Post, Chickasaw, Atlanta, Bentonville, Dallas and with Sherman in his m^rch to the sea ; was in Sherman's corps at the battle of Chattanooga, and promoted to Corporal, Sergeant, Orderly First and Second Lieu- tenant; served until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged July 1 8, 1865, Settled on his present estate in 1869, Has farm of 80 acres, valued at l$l,600, HOWE, WIIiLIAM, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. O. Bethel; born in England in 1837, and eune to this country when? yeai-s of agv with his father, William Howe, and settled in Auburn, where he lived until he enlisted, Aug. 15, 1862, ui the 38th T, S. \",, Oo. A; was in bat- tles of ^'ioksburg, Fort Morgan and Blakely ; served three yeara and was honorably discharged and mustered out at Houston, Texas, Aug. 15, 1865. Set- tled on his present estate in 1 870. Has a fiirm of seventy acres, and eleven acres in Auburn, JACKSON, JOHN, former. Sec. 7 ; P. 0, AVauooma, James, John, See, 7 ; P, 0. Wancoma. Johnston, Andy, Sec. 7 ; P, 0, Waucoma. John-sou, Frank, Sec. 36; P, 0. Bethel, KAUFMAN, THOS., Sec, 35; P, 0. Eden. Kuran, Michael, Seo. 7 ; P, 0, Waucoma. Kuran, Pat., lab,. See. 7 ; P. 0, Waucoma, Kurct, Wm,, far,, See. 21 ; P. 0, Eden, LEE, ALBERT, fiirmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Eden, Leslie, BVank, fur.. See. 13 ; P. 0, Eden, Johnson, S., miller. Sec, 32; P,0, Bethel, liESIilE, JOSEPH, R., farmei-, Seo. 10 ; P. 0, Waucoma ; born in Ohio in 1853, Married Nancy E, Douglass in 1875 ; she was born in Indiana in 1853; have one child — Daisy E, Ha came to this county in 1854, with his father, Daniel Leslie, who was onoof ,he early settlers in this town ; resided at home until 1875, when he settled on his present estate ; has farm of eighty acres, valued at $30 por acre, and has an interest in the homestead, Aio mem- bers of the United Brethren Church. LESLIE, MAKY A., Sec. 13; P. 0. Eden ; widow of Daniel Leslie, who was born in Ohio in 1828. Ho married the subject of this sketch, Mary A. Ooontz, in 1851 ; she was born in Mary- land in 1S28; have four children living — Joseph, Frank, Amanda and Margaret ; lost one child who died in infiiuey, Mr. L. came to this county in 1854, and settled on their present estate of 200 acres, valued at $30 per acre, which was Government land at that time. He wa,s among the early settlers in this town and county, and died in 1372. During his life he held the office of Road Super- visor, School Director and Assessor two terms, and always identified with the EPEN TOWNSHIP. 629 interests of the town and county. His boys are with their mother at the home- LEWIS, M. E., merchant, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; bora in Broome Co., N. Y., in 1828. Married Mary Mul- holon in 1853 ; she was born in Steuben Co., N. Y. in 1833 ; have one child liv- ing — Samuel ; lost one child — Frank. He first settled in Decorah, Winnesheik Co. in 1865, where he resided until 1873, when he came to this county and settled in tbejvillage of Waucoma. Keeps a general assortment of goods and doing a good business. Wife is a member of Congregational Church. LINDSAY, AliEX., farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Waucoma; born in Scotland in 1832, and came to this country with his &ther, Alex., in 1851, and settled in McHenry Co., 111., where he was an early settler, and resided until 1856, when he removed to this county and set- tled on his present estate of 147 acres, valued $40 per acre. Was School Director some years, and is well known throughout this town and county. He married Margaret Mun-ay in 1862 ; she was born in Scotland nd in 1839 ; have two children — L. C. and Frank. Are members of the Congregational Church. LEVDSAY, JOHN B., farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Scot- land in 1830. Married Jane Murray in 1862 ; ?he was born in Canada in 1845 ; have four children — William A., Robert H., Leslie B. and Clayton B. Came from Scotland in 1851, with his father, Alex., who settled in Illinois, where he lived until he came to this county, in 1854. and settled on his pres- ent estate, which was partly Government land ; has a farm of 141 acres, valued at S40 per acre. Has been Road Super- visor and Town Trustee, and was among the early settlers of this town, and is well known. LIBTDSAY, WLLL.IAM, faimer. Sec. 3 ; P. O. Waucoma ; born in Scot- land in 1836, from which country he came with his father, Alexander, and settled in Illinois and made it his home until 1854, when hi came to this county and settled on his present estate ; has a farm of 188 J acres. Married Mary Clyde in 1867, daughter of Alexander Clyde, who reside with them ; they have one child — Tina J. Was one of the early settlers, and the family are mem- bei-s of the Congregational Church. Lineh, C, far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Lowell, D. J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Eden. LUCE, CHAS. M., farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Chittenden Co., Vt., in 1818. Married Jerusha E. Waiton ; she was born in New York State in 1825; have eight children-— Julius C, Thomas W., George C, Char- lie W., Fayette I., Fremont T. and Earnest R , twins, and Elmer E. Ctune to this county in 1 853, and is one of the early settlers ; sent the first petition to Washington lor a post office in this town. Has been Constable, School Director and Road Supervisor. Rents a farm of 160 acres. His son Julius enlisted in the 6tli I. v. C, and served three years on the plains and in many hai'd-fought battles. Lucius, J. S., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Limbka, G., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Lynch, T., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Bethel. McFARLAND, J. C, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Waucoma. McFarland, 0., builder, Waucoma. McLard, R., lab.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma. McMahon, M., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Waucoma. McMahon, P., far., S. 6; P. 0. Waucoma. Magher, P., lab., Sec. 8 ; P. O. Waucoma. Marron, F., saloon, S. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Marohney, J. J., far., S. 8; P.O. Waucoma. MESSEB, WILLIAM, harness maker. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Virginia in 1837. Man-ied Sophia Brooks in 1862 ; she was born in Elgin, 111., in 1846 ; have two children living — Edward and Eunice ; lost two children — Parkinson an i Gilbert. Went to Ohio when a boy, with his father, Isaac, where he lived until 1855, from which time to his coming to this county he has resided in Dubuque, Guttenberg, Clay- ton Co., Delaware Co., Springfield, Ohio, returning to Dubuque in 1859, and in 1861 enlisted in the 3d I. S. V., Co. A ; participated in the battles of Hagen- wood, Monroe Station, Blue Mills and Pittsburg Landing ; served two and a half years, and was honorably discharged; returning, lived in Colesburg, Delaware Co., Clayton Co., Chicago, Lawler, and in 1877 settled in the village of Wnu- 630 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : coma, where he works at his occupation. Is a member of the I. 0. 0. P. and Ma- sonic fraternity. MILLER, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Waucoma; born in Ireland in 1830. Married Ehzabeth Wortman in 1862 ; she was born in Ireland in 1840 ; have two children living — Mary«E. and Henrietta; lost two children — Agnes J., died Aug. 30, 1864, and Martha S., died Aug. 8, 1869. Mr. M. set foot on the American shore June 14, 1851, and was the second settler in this town ; his farm was Government land at that time, and he is a self-made man, having gained his position through his energies; has an estate of 400 acres, valued at $35 per acre. Was Road Supervisor one year, and his wife is a member of the Congregational Church. MILLER, WM. H., farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Winnebago Co.j 111., where he lived until he enlisted, in 1862, in the three months' service in 67th 111. S. v., Cp. C, and served his time; re-enlisted in 1863 in 44th 111. S. v., Co. G, and participated in battles of Buzzard's Roost, Atlanta, Nashville, Franklin and other smaller battles ; served until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged. Came to this county in 1868 ; has a farm of eighty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Sarah C. Ediiigton, widow of David Underbill ; ohe was born in Win- nebago Co., 111., in 1846 ; have one child — Rosy. Monroe, Chester, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Eden. Moody, D. P., merch., Waucoma. Morrison, M. A., teamster. Sec. 9. Morph, John, lab., S. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Mumby, E. H., farmer, Sec. 7. Murphy, Jas., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Waucoma. Murry, Wm., far., S. 10; P. 0. Waucoma. Myers, Wm., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Waucoma. MYERS, JOHX, wagon maker, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Washing- tua Co., Penn., in 1835 ; came to this State in 1852, and settled at the Old Mission, Winneshiek County, where he lived two years and then removed to Stottledown, where he lived until he was married, in 1863, to Mary J. Laired, who was born in Penn- sylvania in 1836 ; have four children living — Wm. H., George L., Amadius A., James T.; lost one child — Francis D. Since then he has lived in Twin Springs, where he engaged in the hotel business ; Auburn and to this time in 1873, and with Stephen Still built the shop where he commenced the manufac- ture of wagons and blacksmithing, there being no firm name ; also owns house and lot in this village. Was Assessor at Twin Springs, and is serving the sec- ond term as School Director in this town, and Supervisor four years. Was also one of the early settlers. Himself and family are members of the Catholic Church. nSTTAURTZ, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 11; _lN p. 0. Waucoma. NOBLE, GEORGE L., manager of the Grange store. Sec. ifJ5 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1827 ; came to this county in 1856, and settled in West Union, where he has fcince made it his home ; has been agent for the Patrons' Joint Stock Com- pany since its organization in 1874 ; is also Assistant Postmaster at Edgn, hav- ing filled that position for the same period of time ; has a residence and three lots at West Union, and is well known throughout the town and county. Married Louise E. Hubbell in 1854; she was born in Huron Co., Ohio, in 1833 ; have five children living — ^Ettie B., Ida L., George L., "Grace and John; lost three children — Rhoda, Laura and Hairy, Nolan, Dennis, lab., S. 9; P. 0. Waucoma. NORTHROP, EDWARD F., farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Stafi'orJ Co., Vt., in 1846, which State he left in 1853, and with his father, Blihu Northrop, settled in Wis- consin, where he resided until 1860, when he came to this county ; owns forty acres in Sec. 28, and rents the farm he now occupies of eighty acres. Served nine months in the 13th I. S. V., Co. K, and was assigned to the Army uf the West, under Gen. Sherman, Mar- ried Helen Slanard in 1869 ; she was born in Orleans Co,, N. Y.; have two children living — Jessie and Mable ; lost two — Inrz and Ruby. NORTHROP, ELIHU, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Waucoma ; born in Gr- ange Co., Vt., in 1818. Married Mary EDEN TOWNSHIP. 631 A. Chamberlain in 1839 ; she was born in Windsor Co., Vt., in 1821 ; have eight children living — Ellen, Edward, Alma, Arabelle and Isabelle, twins, Her- man A., Abraham L. and Linnie ; lost six children — George E., enlisted in 1862 in the 38th I. S. V., Co. G ; was at the siege of Vicksbur Leain ; Martha, now Mrs. Bel Rachel, now Mrs. Leain, and Fra Are members of the Evangel Church. Havenstrite, F., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. 'W Union. HAVENSTRITE, J. P., farn Sec. 36; P. 0. West Union; o- forty acres of land, valued at $800 ; b in Philadelphia in 1824. Man Hannah Barry in 1852 ; she was b in Monroe Co., Penn., in 1830 ; h seven children — Joseph, John, Jac A. Lincoln, Jennette, Walter, and El: beth ; lost two — Sarah and Sam ■ R. Came to Iowa in 1865 and looa in Dover Tp. Mr. H. has been Scl Director and is a member of the Bap Church. Heiserman, John, far., S. 30 ; P. 0. W Union. Helyerson, Lars, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. W Union. Holty, T. R., far., S. 18; P. 0. Eldora Hoover, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. West Uni Hoover, J. W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. W Union. ' Hopper, J. L., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. W Union. Hornbeck, S. W., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. W Union. House, A., far., S. 35 ; P. O. West Uni HOUSE, JOSIAH, farmer, 5 35 ; P. O. West Union ; born in B kimer Co., N. Y., April 17, 1822 ; os to Rock Co., Wis., in 1844, and to B ette Co. in 1852, and to his pres DOVER TOWNSHIP. 675 farm in 1858 ; owns 120 acres, valued at 825 per acre. Married Eliza M. Crandell Sept. 26, 1856 ; she was bom in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., May 10, 1841 ; have seven chijdren — Alice, now Mrs. Burnham, Mary, Sylva, Edwin E., Erma, Frank and Donnie. Hover, J., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. West Union. Howe, S., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. West Union. Hunsinger, J., far.,S. 15; P. 0. Eldorado. JACOBSON, LARS, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Eldorado. JACOBSOX, HANS, Sec. 8, P. 0. Eldorado ; owns 215 acres of land, valued at 82,800 ; born in Norway in 1832. Married Anna Peterson in 1868 ; she was born in Norway in 1852 ; have three children — Jacob, Sarah C. and Bertha. Came to America in 1854, and located in La Salle, 111., and remained seven years ; went back to Norway, and in 1872, located in Dover Tp., Pay- ette Co., Iowa. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Jacobson, Peter, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Jacobson, Thos., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Eldorado. JACOBSON, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Eldorado ; owns 185 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; Born in Norway in 1825. Married An- na Olson in 1860 ; she was born in Nor- way in 1836 ; have four children — Ole, Jacob, Anna and Sirene. Came to America in 1854, and located in LaSalle, 111. ; moved to Mower Co., Minn., and lived eight years, and in 1866, came to Dover Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa. Are members of the Lutheran Church. JACQUOT, PETER, Secretary El- dorado Mill ; born in New Orleans in 1859; came to Indiana and lived in Dearborn eight years ; then came to Fayette Co., in 1877. Member of the Catholic Church. His father was born in France. Johnson, E., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Eldorado. JOHNSON, JOHN, farmer, S. 19; P. 0. West Union, Iowa ; has forty acres of land, valued at $1,600 ; born in Pennsylvania in 1816. Married Miss Sarah Tope, who was born in Ohio in 1816 ; came to Iowa in 1852 ; have five children — Alexander, John, Perry, Samuel and Sarah. Johnson, J., farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. El- • dorado. Johnson, L., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnson, Lars, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnson, 0., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnson, Paul, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnson, Perry, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnson, Peter, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnson, Wm., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Johnston, W. A., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. West UnioQ. K ASTER, DEITRICK, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Raster, J., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Kearn, P., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. West Union. Kelley, J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. West Union. Kenney, A. D., blksmth ; P. 0. Eldorado. Kent, W., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. West Union. Kipp, H., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Klive, A., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. KliOSTER, liABS l.., farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Castalia ; born Dec. 20, 1832, in Norway; in 1858, came to Dover Tp. ; in 1865, settled on his present farm ; owns eighty-six acres, val- ued at $20 per acre. Married Brinta H. Landa in 1861 ; she was born in 1832, in Norway ; had eight children, six living — Henry L., Lars, Anna, Isa- bel, Ammon and Anna. Are members of the Lutheran Church. KNUDSON, ANDREW, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Eldorado; owns ninety acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Norway in 1825. Married Ger- trude Knudson in 1859 ; she was born in Norway in 1834 ; have eight children — Christina, Isabella, Anna, Claus, Sam- uel, Thomas, Joseph and John. Came to America in 1850, and in 1851, lo- cated in Dover Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Knudson, H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Knudson, K., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Knudson, L., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Eldorado. KNUDSON, li., farmer, Section 2; P. 0. Ossian ; owns 302J acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Norway in 1819. Married Anna Jacob- son in 1 858 ; she was born in Norway in 1837 ; have ten children — Knud L., Bertha, Elizabeth, Anna, Jacob, Louis, Matilda, Christopher S., John A. and Emma J. Are- members of the Lu- eran Church. KNUDSON, NELS, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Eldorado ; owns 170 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in 676 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Norway in 1829. Married Sophia Sher- man in 1856 ; she was born in Sweden in 1835; have eight children — Clara, Emma C, Anna M., Louise S., Caro- line, Alford, Mina J. and John E. Came to America in 1850, and located in Dover Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa. Mr. K. has been Town Trustee two years. Are members of the Lutheran Church. LARSON, LARS, far., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Larson, L., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Larson, N., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. L.ARIS6N, OliA, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Ossian; born Feb. .11, 1842, in Nor- way ; in 1850, came to Beloit, Wis. ; in 1851, came to his present farm ; owns 250 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Mar- ried Rachel Kettleson Feb. 12, 18Y2 ; she was born May 12, 1851, in Clayton Co., low I ; have three children — Rachel L., Levi C. and Clara L. Are members of the Lutheran Church. His parents live with him ; his father is 66, and his mother 57 years old. Larson, T., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Learn, C, far., S. 16; P. 0. West Union. liEARSr, J. R., farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. West Union; owns 130 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; born in Pennsylvania in 1835. Married Anna W. Havenstrite in 1867 ; she was born in Pennsylvania in 1842 ; have one child — Everett D., born in 1875. Came to Iowa in 1868, and located in Dover Tp. Has been Township Trustee. Learn, Levi, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Eldorado. LEARN, SAMrEIi, farmer, S. 13 P. 0. Clermont; born April 23, 1832 came to Luzerne Co., Penn., in 1853 came to Cincinnati in 1854 ; came to Clayton Co. the same Fall ; removed to Fayette Co. ; settled on his present farm in 1856 ; owns ninety-six acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Isabel M. Wiltse June 11, 1873; she was born March 4, 1851, in Clayton Co., Iowa ; have two children — Mary J. and John R. His father lives with him ; he was born Feb. 18, 1783. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. E, 9th I. V. C, and served to the close of the war. Lee, Andrew, Eldorado. Lee, Eden B., Eldorado. Lee, Gabriel, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Lee, Theo., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Lower, John, far., S. 29 ; P. .0. Eldorado. Lower, J. J., renter, S. 19 ; P. 0. West Union. Lower, Wm., far., S. 29 ; P. O. West Union. McCRARY, G. W., far., S. 1; P. 0. West Union. Madson, F., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Eldorado. MADSOX, MADS, S. 3; P. 0. Eldorado; owns 160 acres, valued at $18 per acre ; born in Norway in 1833. Married G. Jenson in 1854; she was born in Norway in 1828 ; have seven chil- dren — Thomas, Louis, Andrew, Mary, Ellen, Josephine and Anna. Came to America in 1850, and located in Dane Co., Wis., and, in 1872, located in Dover Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa, on his present farm. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Marr, Ernst, far., S. 19; P. 0. Eldorado. MESNE R, W. H., dealer in general merchandise, Dover Mills ; P. 0. Cler- mont ; born Dec. 18, 1855, in Maine ; in 1856, came to Pierce Co., Wis. ; in 1862, came to Tama Co., Iowa; in 1873, came to Fairbanks, Iowa; in 1876, came to Oelwein, Iowa, and com- menced his present business February 3, 1878; his parents reside in Clermont; his brother, Charles G., lives with them. Mikelsen, Jacob, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Eldorado. MICEIiSOX, MATTHIAS J., farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Eldorado; was born in Wisconsin in 1853, and came to Iowa with his father, Jacob Micelson, and located in Dover Township in 1863 ; has one brother and one sister — Bertha and Michael. Are members of Lu- theran Church. Middlestreet, Fred., farmer; P. 0. West Union. Mills, Martin, far.,S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Mitts, John, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Mournen, D., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Monson, L., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Eldorado. MOXSEIV, SWEX, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Ossian ; born May 30, 1833, in Norway; in 1864, came to America and to his present farm ; owns 108 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Marge Larson in 1864 ; she was born June 5, 1836, in Norway; have six children— Mons S., -Lars, Jacob, Dan- iel, Myrtle and Anna. Are members of Lutheran Church. DOVER TOWNSHIP. 677 Moris, T,, far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Myers, Geo., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Myer, H. J., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Myers, J., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Eldorado. IVTEAMAN, AUGUST, farmer, Sec. IN 19 ; P. 0. Eldorado. .Neaman, H., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. JSfelson, Iven, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Eldorado. mtting, E. W., far., S. 13; P. 0. Eldo- rado. jrUTTIIirG, R. K., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Clermont ; owns 126 acres of land, val- ued at $30 per acre ; born in Vermont in 1831. Married Mary Learns in 1864 ; she was born in Pennsylvania, in 1840 ; have one child — Lola R. Came to Iowa in 1851, and located in Clermont Township, and, in 1863, located in Dover. 0' BRINE, A., farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Eldorado. 'Obedorf, Wm., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Eldorado. ■Oleson, A., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Eldorado. •OLSEN, ARJTT, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Eldorado; bom in June, 1816, in Norway; in 1866, came to Payette Co.; ■ in 1864, settled on his present farm ; owns 160 acres, valued f 12 per acre. Married Bertha Christopherson in 1858 ; she was born in 1837, iu Norway ; have seven children — Ole, Elizabeth, Bertha, Christopher, Anna, Belle and Peter. Are members of Lutheran Church. ■OliSEW, HAXS, miller, Eldorado ; born in Norway, in 1846. Married Ellen Lee in 1877; she was born in Winnesheik Co., Iowa ; have one child — Carrie. Came to America in 1853, and came to Fayette Co. in 1871. Is a member of Lutheran Church. Oleson, Lars, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Eldorado. OLSEIV, OEE, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Eldorado ; born September, 1824, in Norway ; came to America in 1859, and to his present farm ; owns 255 acres, valued at $15 per acre. Married Inger Sopec in July, 1858 ; had seven chil dren, two living — Ole and Suger Sopec. Are members of Lutheran Church. Oleson. P., far., S. 18; P. 0. Eldorado. ■Oleson, P., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Oleson, Thos., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Ormason, K., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Ormanson, L., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. -OSMUSfDSOJr, JUELS, farmer, 8. 10 ; P. 0. Ossian ; born Feb, 17, 1839, in Norway; in 1858, came to Dover Tp., and came to his present farm in 1870 ; owns eighty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Elizabeth Olsen ; she was born September, 1845, in Nor- way ; had eight children, seven living — Bertha, Oseman,01e, Elizabeth, Angelina, Louis and John. Members of the Lutherean Church. PABZLER, JOHN, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Peyer, Jas., far., 8. 19 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Peterson, Martin, Eldorado. Phillips, M. W., renter, S. 19 ; P. 0. West Union. Pope, Henrick. Potter, L.V., far., S. 23 ; P.O.West Union. Poulson, H., far., 8. 15 ; P. 0. Eldorado. QUAS, LARS, farmer, S. 21 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Queen, M, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. West Union. RIDEL, CARLS, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. West Union. Reisner, A., far., 8. 28 ; P. 0. West Union. Revei.', G., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Ropes, B. H., mer. ; P. 0. Eldorado. Rosier, J. K., far., S. 32; P. 0. West Union. Rubior, T., renter ; P. 0. West Union. Rowland, J., far., S., 21 ; P. O.Eldorado. RO WliAIirD, p. li., farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Clermont; born May 4th, 1828, in Ashland Co., Ohio; in 1851 came to Fayette Co. and settled on Sec. 31 ; in 1867, removed to his present farm ; owns 207 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Elvira Wheeler June 18, 1856 ; she was born in 1831, in Canada ; had nine children, six living — Malcolm L., Ida A., David L., Albert 0., John L. and Ezra L. Are members of the Evanglioal Church ; he holds the position of local preacher at this place. SALMANSON, NELS, farmer. Sec. 23; P. 0. West Union, ^ SABOE, K. JOHANSOX, S. 23; P. 0. Eldorado ; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $3,000 ; born in Norway in 1840. Married Annie M. x\.ndersdoter in 1858; she was born in Norway; have seven children — -John, Betsey, Andrew, Mary, Theodore, Amelia, Christina, Johanna; came to America in 1862, and located in Dover Tp. ; has held the office of School Director and other town offices. la a member of the Lutheran Church. 678 DIRECTORY OF FAi'ETTE COUNTY: SABOE, COLBEX T., farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Eldorado; owns 316 acres of land, valued at 120 per acre; born in Norway in 1820. Married Julia Amunson in 1850 ; she was born in Norway in 1831 ; have nine children — Anna, Amun, John, Julia, Maria, Hensenie, Belle, Caroline, Mar- tha. Came to America in 1850, and, in 1851, located in Dover Tp., on his present farm. Has been School Director two years. Is a member of the Lu- theran Church. Sampson, Mart., far., S. 18 ; P 0. Eldorado. Sampson, Ole, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Eldorado. SCHATZ, P., miller; P. 0. Eldora- do ; born in Bavaria in 1824 ; came to America 1852. Married Barbara Groon- berger in 1852 ; born in 1830 in Bava- ria. Member of the Lutheran Church. Schutz, Mike, far., S. 6; P. 0. Eldorado. Scott, W., far., 8. 23 ; P. 0. West Union. SEVEBSOW, IVEB, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Eldorado ; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Nor- way in 1830. Married Julia Olson in 1855 ; she was born in Norway in 1829 ; they have eight children — Carrie, Julia, Betsy, Ole, Susan, Sever, Lena and Sever. Came to America in 185Y, and located in Dover Tp. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Sevold, Lars, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Siglin, Lee, far., S. 26; P.O. West Union. Soward, D. P., far., S. 28 ; P.O. Eldorado. Sturk, C, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Eldorado. THOMPSON, A., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. THOMPSOIV, DAVID, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. West Union ; owns 140 acres of land, valued at 115 per acre ; born in London, England, in 1811 ; came to America during the war of 1812, with hi^ father; they came on the merchant- man ship James, under the manage- ment of Capt. Messenger ; was loaded with all kinds of valuable goods, and was captured by a Portsmouth privateer ; it was one of the handsomest prizes cap- tured during that war. Mr. T. married Francis Spriggle in 1834 ; she was born in Pennsylvania in 1816 ; have thirteen chil- dren— Henry H., J. S., Sarah W., Mary W., David, Caroline, Daniel S., Harrison, Christina, Prances, William H., Allen H., Elizabeth M. ; died — Eliza, Amandus and Harriet. Mr. and Mrs. T. are- members of the Christian Church. Thompson, H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. West Union. THOMPSOIV, H. H., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Clermont; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in Penn- sylvania in 1835. Married Rebecca. Shriner in 1860 ; she was born in Ohio in 1837 ; have one child — Malcom B. ;. havelostfive — Jessie D., MinaJ., Henry C., Francis A. and Edward. Came to Iowa in 1854, and ^located in Dover Tp.. Are members of the Christian Church.. Thompson, J., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. West Union. THOMPSON, JOHX S., Sec. 35; P. O. West Union ; owns forty acres, valued at $20 per acre ; born in Luzerne Co., Penn., in 1836. Married Mary J. Owen in 1861 ; she was born in Me- Henry Co., 111., in 1846 ; have seven children — Marilla E., Melinda P., Al- bert Gr., Anna J., Earson E., Emma C. and Olive L. Came to Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1854, and located in West Union, and- in 1856, located in Dover Tp. Mr. and Mrs. T. are members of the Christian Church. Thompson, L., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Thompson, 0., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. THOMPSOHr, OSSirXD, shoe maker ; P. 0. Ossian ; born in Norway in 1849. Married Bertha Johnson in 1877 ; she was born in 1848. Came to- America in 1872, and located in Dover Tp. Thompson, Wm, H., far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. West Union. THOBSON, A., farmer. Sec. 12 ; P; 0. Ossian ; born Feb. 8, 1851, in Nor- way ; in 1868, came to Fayette Co., and settled on his present farm in 1873 ; owns 151 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Anna S. Larson Dec. 12, 1873;. she was born Aug. 12, 1853, in Nor- way ; have two children — Ellen T. and. Lars A. Are members of the Lutheran Church. John L. Broe has an equal interest in this farm ; they live together ; he was born May 2, 1857, in Fayette- Co. Thorsen, E., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Ossian. ToUifson, Ole, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Eldorado.. Tope, Geo., fai-., S. 29 ; P. 0. West Union. Torgerson, Ole, far., S. 13; P. 0. Eldorado. SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 679 WAGNER, PETER, farmer, S. 34 ; P. 0. West Union. WAGIiE, C. T., Prop, of Hotel, Eldorado; born in Norway in 1828. Married Christina Nelson in 1860 ; she was born in Norway ; came to America in 1856 and located in Eldorado. En- listed in 1863, in Co. F, 7th I. C; was a Commissary Sergeant ; was dis- charged in 1866. Is a member of Lu- theran Church. Washburn, Val., Eldorado. Weber, J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. West Union. Weed, Stephen, Eldorado. Wells, Wilbur, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Westadt,Wm., far., S. 2 ; P.O. West Union. Wilson, Geo., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Wilmer, H., far., S. 22 ; P. O. West Union. Wolf, R. H., Eldorado. WOliFS, M. J., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cler- mont; owns 160 acres land, valued at S3,000; born in Germany in 1821. Married Allana Helge in 1862 ; she was born in Norway in 1834; have eight children — Joseph, Peter Bridget, Anna, Amelia, Mike, Louis, and Henry ; came to America in 1851, and first went to Missouri, and in 1853 located in Dover Tp. Mr. W. has been Assessor three years and held other town offices. Is a Catholic. Woods, A. G., minister, Eldorado. Wolfs, Henry, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. Wolfs, Jos, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Eldorado. ~OUNG, JAMES, Eldorado. Y' SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. ABEL, HENRY C, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Fayette. BABCOCK, Q. C, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Brush Creek. Badger, E., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Fayette. BADGER, RICHARD, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Low- er Canada Dec. 25, 1829 ; came to this county in 1856; has 325 acres of land, valued at $6,000. Politics, Republican. Married Lucy L. Gray in 1857 ; born in Saratoga Co.,N. Y., Dec. 7, 1839 ; moth- er often children — Martha, Herman, Al- ferettie, Ella Tdell, Henry, Maggie, Mary, Frank, Lucy, Richard Elmer. Went to Kane Co., 111., when he was 15 years old ; lived thers six years ; from there he went to Wisconsin ; lived there five years; from there he went back to Illi- nois and lived there one year, then came to this county where he has resided since. Mr. B., by his industry, has made himself and family a good home. RAHR, J. J., farmer and stock raiser. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Fayette ; born in France April 30, 1830 ; came to this county in 1865 ; has 352 acres of land, valued at $8,800. Politics, Greenback- er. Married Lucy Ann Timmerman; born in Jeiferson Co., N. Y., July 30, 1833; have seven children — Eva M., born June 22, 1860 ; Willie A., born Nov. 12, 1861 ; Polly S., born May 2, 1864; Ada May, born Dec. 21, 1866 ; Fred. J.,born Aug. 16,1868; Orson K., born Nov. 1, 1870 ; Thomas J., born Sept. 26, 1872. Emigrated from France when he was a child to Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; lived there thirty-five years ; then came to this county where he has made a good property. Baker, L. Basset, C. J., far., S. 12; P. 0. Brush Creek. Beckner, F. M.,far., S. 18; P. 0. Maynard. Bever, H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Payette. BILJLS, JOHIV, farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Fayette ; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., Oct. 31, 1819 ; came to this county in 1865 ; has 160 acres of land, valued at $3,000. Has held the office of Town Clerk and Town Trustee. His wife, Jane S., was born in York State Jan. 27, 1824 ; they have six children — Henry C, born Aug. 27, 1842; Mary, born Feb. 27, 1844 ; Grove C, April 6, 1849 ; Silas J., born Feb. 9, 1852 ; Helen I., born Jan. 12, 1855 ; Emma J., born July 8, 1857. Mrs. Bills died June 15, 1867. His son, H. C, enlisted in Co. C, 95th 111. Vols., in 1862; was with Banks on the Red River expedi- tion ; was missed from the boat in the morning by his comrades, and was never heard of. 680 DIRECTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY Blossman, Jas., far., S. Y ; P. 0. Fayette. Boardman, E. H., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Bogards, S. A., far., S. 14 ; P.O. Fayette. BOGART, SAMUEL J., me chanic, Seo. 2 ; P. 0. Fayette ; born Feb. 19, 1S33, in New Jersey; came to this county in 1857 ; has forty acres of land, valued at $1,000. Politics, Greenbacker ; religion, Methodist. Held the office of Constable. Married Lou- isa M. Seeber (now deceased) ; born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., May 9, 1834; have bad seven children — Nicholas S., Isaac, Effie D., Lena A., Archibald T., Samuel C., Katie L. BROOKS, CHAIVCY, farmer and stock raiser, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Brush ■Creek ; born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Sept. 18, 1817 ; has 199 acres of land, valued at $5,000. Belongs to the United Brethren Church. Married Han- nah Casebeer (deceased), who was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, July 26, 18:i6; have had nine children — Hiram H., born March 18, 1847 ; Manda, born May 10, 1848 ; Eliza A., born Dec. 9, 1 849 ; Mary E., born Oct. 12, 1851 ; Charles H., born Aug. 6, 1854 ; James C., born Aug. 28, 1857 ; Lydia, born May 3, 1861 ; Sarah 0., born Dec. 15, 1863; Bdwina, born Aug. 29, 1865. For his second wife, married Ann Burling ; born in England, Aug. 10, 1844; one child — Jennie I., born May 23, 1877. Emigrated from New York to Canada West, when he was 2 years old, in 1819 ; from there went to Muscatine, Iowa, in 1838 ; made his home there until 1845 ; from there went to Linn Co. ; remained there two years, and, in 1847, came to Payette Co., where he has resided since ; in May, the same year, he out logs and built a shanty. Mr. Brooks claims to be the oldest living settler in the county ; there was a man by the name of J. P. Moyne who came in and made a claim, but did not make it his home until after Mr. Brooks came in and built his shanty. Butts, E. C, far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Fayette. CALLAGHAM, PAT., farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0' Maynard. Campbell, L., farmer, P. 0. Fayette. Carter, A. Carter, F. M., farmer, P. 0. Fayette. CARTER, T. J., physician and sur- geon, Seo. 10, P. 0. Fayette ; born in Cumberland Co., Me , Aug. 4, 1804 ; came to this county in 1869 ; has 235 acres of land, valued at $7,000. Mar ried Mary Ann P. Webb ; born in Portland, Me., Oct. 26, 1813; three living children — John N., in trade on Halsted St., Chicago, born Sept. 21, 1830; George W., born Sept 21, 1834; Francis M., born July 4, 1840. Mr. Carter graduated as doctor of medicine in 1828; commenced practice in Na- ples, Me. ; remained there thirty-five years ; from there he went to Oshkosh, Wis. ; lived there fourteen years ; from there to Fayette Co. ; bought a farm ; Mr. C. now lives a retired life, and his sons carry on the farm. Francis M. was in the Union army ; went in as a private, and was promoted to Lieu- tenant. Chambers, Andrew, lab.; P. O. Fayette. Chase, Clinton, farmer ; P. 0. Fayette. CHASE, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Fayette ; born in Grafton Co., N. H., Feb. 14, 1831 ; came to this county in 1855 ; has 178 acres of land, valued at $3,560. Belongs to the M. E. Church. Married Lavina Par- ker in 1852 ; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., Jan. 17, 1834 ; have six chil- dren — H. Clinton, born Nov. 1, 1853; John J., born Feb. 5, 1855; Emeline E., born Nov. 13, 1860; Albert M., born Oct 20, 1865; Millie E., born Nov. 17, 1870; Daisy, born Oct. 20, 1873. Emigrated to Du Page Co., 111., in 1849 ; lived there three years ; went to Kane Co.; lived there three years ; then came to this county, where he has lived since, and has made himself and family a good home. Chapman, G. L., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Chapman, E,obt., P. 0. Brush Creek. Chittenden, J.D.W., far., S.4 ;P.O. Fayette. CHITTEIVDEN, DEWitT, farmer and stock raiser, S.9; P.O. Fayette; was born in Washington Co., N. Y., Aug. 17, 1827 ; came to this county in 1861 ; has 168 acres of land, valued at $5,000. Held the offices of Town Clerk and Town Trustee. Belongs to the Con- gregational Church; been a member over thirty years. Married Delia P. SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 681 Sheldon Oct. 15, 1856; born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., March 24, 1835; have three children — Martha A., born ■ Aug. 16, 185Y ; BVed S., Aug. 5, 1862; Ralph P., July 18, 1864. Left Washing- ton Co., N. Y., when a child ; went to Orwell, Vt.; lived there thirty-four years, then came to Payette Co., Iowa ; remained there two years, then went back to Orwell ; lived there nearly five years ; then back to this county, where he has resided since, and, by industry and economy, has made a good home. Churchill, G. T., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Fayette. Conrad, Gr., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Fayette^ CONRAD, JAMES, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Payette; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Sept. 7, 1845. Married Mary M. llich, who was born in Ohio July 26, 1844; have one child — Albert E., bom Oct. 11, 1869. His father, Gil- bert Conrad, was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Nov. 10, 1806 ; came to this county in 1859; is a member of the M. E. Church ; been a member between fifty and sixty years; married Roxana Walden in 1828 ; born in Vermont Aug. 25, 1812 ; mother often living children — Harriet J., George, Prank, Joseph, Orlando, Lorenzo D., James, Martha, Mary, Alice. Mr. C. had six sons in the Union army — Prank lost an eye; Orlando and Lorenzo were in the 6th 1. V. C; Lorenzo lost one arm and finger firing a salute at the fall of Rich- mond ; they all served with honor. Crank, B. P., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Payette. Culbertson, M. E., laborer; P. 0. Payette. CCIiBERTSOSr, THOMAS M,, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Payette ; born in Chester Co., Penn., June 25, 1820 ; came to this county in 1872 ; has a farm in Pennsylvania, valued at $5,000. Politics, Greenbacker. Married Celestia A. Lawrence, who was born in. Chautauqua Co., N. Y., July 11, 1837 ; nine children — Frank D., born April 1, 1859; Nellie, Nov. 8, 1860, Charles L., Feb. 9, 1864, Ida B., July 22, 1865 ; Sarah E., Jan. 12, 1867 ; Susan G., July 26, 1871 ; Mary C.,May 4, 1873; SamuelW.,Jan. 13, 1 875; Richard L., Dec. 6, 1877 ; by his first wife two children— Morris E., born Oct. 4, 1846 ; Martha Ann, Oct. 22, 1848 ; Morris E. was in the Union Army. DAVIS, MILTON, laborer; P. 0. Fayette. Dawson, D. P., far., S. 19; P. 0. Payette. DeBow, Charles, P. 0. Payette. DeBow, R. A., farmer, S. 21 : P. 0. Payette. Doty, John, far., S. 32 ; P.' 0. Maynard. E ASTON, COLE, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Elkhart, Peter, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Emmons, E. R., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Fayette. Emmons, J. W.; P. 0. Fayette. Everson, Ever, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Brush FEREDAY, THOMAS, far.. Sec. 24; P. 0. Brush Creek. FEREDAY, SAMUEL,, farmer and stock raiser. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Brush Creek ; born in Worcestershire, England, Feb. 20, 1827 ; came to this country in 1849; came to this county in 1866. Belongs to the M. E. Church. Married Ann Rodison, who was born in Stafford- shire, England, Deo. 29, 1826 ; mother of nine children — Samuel Jr., born Feb. 15, 1848 ; Thomas, born Nov. 18, 1849 ; Charlotte, born Deo. 5, 1852 ; Anna, born April 2, 1855 ; Ben- jamin, born Dec. 4th, 1857 ; Isaac, born Jan. 24, 1860 ; Allen, born March 1, 1862 ; Jane, born March 24, 1864 ; Mary, born April 18, 1866. Left England when he was 23 years old ; came to Pittsburgh, Penn. ; lived there about sixteen years, and then came to this county, where he has made a good home and a fine property. Has 360 acres of land, valued at $8,000. Fockett; J. H., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Fayette. FOCKIiER, JOHX T., farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Fayette ; born in Hun- tingdon Co., -Penn., July 14, 1844; came to this county in 1874 ; has 200 acres of land, valued at $6,000. Poli- tics, Democrat. Married Lydia Weber ; born in Watertown, Wis., April 9, 1853 ; mother of three children^ — Emma, born Sept. 22, 1875 ; Ursa, born June 8, 1876 ; loa, born Aug. 14, 1877. En- listed in the 1st Regt. Marine Artil- lery ; was with Burnside's expedition, and at the taking of Roanoke Island. Fockler, Jos., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Fayette. FOSKET, J. H., farmer and stock raiser. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Wayne Co., N. Y., Feb. 22, 1830 ; 682 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: has 160 acres of land, valued at $4,000 ; came to this county in 1855. Married Maria Rich in 1854 ; born in Franklin Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1836 ; has one adopted daughter — Carrie, born June 25, 1860. Emigrated from New York when he was 8 years old, to Cook Co., 111. ; was twenty-eight miles from the city at that time, there were but three houses between where he lived and the city, at that time ; the population of Chicago was not more than three thousand ; from there he came to this county. Mr. F. takes a great interest in the dairy business, and has an interest in the one at Maynard, the first one started in the county. GARDNER, G. H., farmer; P. 0. Brush Creek. Gibson, Alfred, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Gibson, P., farmer, P. O. Brush Creek. Goodrich, W. M., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Brush Creek. Grey, H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Fayette. Goodrich, A. M., Sec. 4 ; P.O. Brush Creek. Grove, B., farmer, P. 0. Fayette. HACKETT, ANDREW, farmer. Sec. IT ; P. 0. Payette. Hale, C. v., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Fayette. HAUIV, JOSEPH, farmer and stock raiser. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette ; was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, April 29 1832 ; came to this county in 1858 ; has eighty-four acres of land, valued at $2,500. Politics, Republican. Mar- ried Mary McKinley ; she was born in Clark Co., Ind., Feb. 5, 1829'. Came direct to this county, where he has resided since, and through his industry and economy has made "a good home. HARKIX, ASTDREW, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Fayette ; was born in Ireland, Feb. 10, 1832; came to this county in 1855 ; has 395 acres of land, valued at $7,900. Politics Democrat. Married Margaret M. Hysham, July 16, 1857; she was born Sept. 29, 1841; have ten children — John A., born Nov. 30, 1858; William H., born Sept. 15, 1860; Margaret A., born Nov. 21, 1862 ; Charles H., born Feb. 23, 1864; Julia L., born July 4, 1867 ; Dixon A., born Sept. 21, 1869 ; Miranda H., born Feb. 10, 1872 ; Mary C, born Dec. 13, 1873; Rosa M., born Dec. 6, 1875; Maud A., born Dec. 21, 1877. Came to America when he was a child ; went to Canada West,where he lived eighteen years'; then went to Kane Co., 111., lived there four years ; from there to this (Fayette) county, where he has resided since. Through careful man- agement, he has made a comfortable home. Harkin, E., farmer ; P. 0. Fayette. • Harrison, G., farmer, S. 17; P.O. Fayette. HAWE,EY, P. 0. Fayette. XEFZGER, SllflOlV, dealer in general merchandise, West Albany ; born in Baden, Germany, Nov. 20, 1821 ; emigrated with his parents to this coun- try in 1834 ; settled in Ohio. Married Christina Kuhuzie in 1845; she was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, June 20, 1822 ; came to this county in 1856, and to this town in 1859 ; have four chil- dren living — Christian, Mary L. (now Mrs. Earl), August and Henry; lost one — ^Malia, died in 1854. Owns 230 acres of land. Was School Director and Pathmaster one year each. Family attend the Lutheran Church. Norton, E., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Fayette. Nicholas, Dennis, farmer ; P. 0. Fayette. OWENS, J. ft. farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Fayette. OELBERG, JOHN P., merchant tailor. West Albany; born in Luxem- berg, Germany, Jan. 6, 1822; came to the United States in 1840 ; traveled, working at his trade in Maryland, Penn- sylvania, Ohio, and many other sections of the United States and Canada. Was married in Dubuque, in 1857, to Eliza- beth Betts; came to this county' same year ; she was born in Germany Nov. 11, 1830 ; owns 120 acres of land ; have seven children — James J., Franklin, Anna M., James C, John, Albert and Charles F. ; lost one— Mary, died March WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP. 691 29,1868. Mr. 0. was Postmaster here under Buchanan's administration ; has been Deputy Postmaster since 1872 ; was School Director seven years. ORR, JOHN, farmer and stock dealer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Fayette; born near Montreal, Canada, Aug. 1, 1837; came to this county in 1857 ; bought part of farm where he now lives in 1859 ; has been increasing it until he now owns 230 acres. Was married July 4, 1860, to Martha J. Douglass ; she was born in Pennsylvania, Sept. 9, 1838 ; they have three children — EthelbertB., Minnie E. and James. Mr. Orr is the most extensive stock dealer in this part of the country ; handles, on an average, from $70,000 to $90,000 worth annual- ly. Is a Democrat. PANGBUEN, WM., farmer, P. 0. Fayette. Parker, T. K., far., See. 23 ; P. 0. West Albany. Parker, T. T., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Fayette. Patterson, K., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Fayette. Patterson, T., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Fayette. Perkins, Reuben, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. West Albany. Peters, John, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. Oi West Union. PLAIUK, OEORC^E H., farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. West Albany ; born in Greene Co., N. Y., Feb. 23, 1826 ; was residing in Kansas when it was admitted as a State. Was a member of the 1 1 th Kansas Regiment during the war. Was married in May, 1866, to Dehlah Luse ; was born in Ohio, died in 1873 ; he was married again in 1874, to Mary E. Hill ; she was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1847 ; her father was a resident of that county from 1821 to 1867 ; have one adopted son — Louis, born May 28, 1872. Preston, I., far., Fayette. Proctor, Dan'l, far., S. 18; P. 0. Payette. RAY, LOUIS, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. West Union. Ray, L., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Fayette. Reeves, Levi, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Fayette. Rice, Wm. far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Lima., Richmond, L., farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. West Albany. RORERTSOX, JAS. E., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. O. Fayette ; owns 250 acres of land ; born in Bath Co., Ken- tucky, April 19, 1821 ; removed to Benton Co., Indiana, in 1836 ; came to Westfield Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1 849 ; engaged in farming most of the time since he came here ; from 1860 to 1865, he was engaged in the mercantile business in Fayette ; was Town Coun- cilman three years, Township School Treasurer several years. School Director, etc. Married Jane E. Alexander Feb. 1, 1842, in Benton Co., Ind. ; she was born at Indianapolis, Ind.', Feb. 1, 1823. They have ten children — James E., Jr., William H., Edward S., Amos M., Carrie E., Julian, Harriet, Eveline, Florence E., Mary J., and Alma M. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson are members of the M. E. Church. Rogers, C. B., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Lima. Rogers, D., mason, S. 29 ; P. 0. Fayette. Rogers, Niles, far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Lima. Rogers, N., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. West Albany. Rogers, S., farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Lima. SEBER, GEO., farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. West Albany. Seeger, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. West Albany. Shadder, C. T., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Fayette. SHAFFER, DAVID, carpenter and joiner, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Fayette ; born in Union Co., Penn., in 1829 ; moved with his parents to Grant, Co., Ind. Was married there in 1852, to Jane E. Pemberton ; she was born in Miami Co., Ohio, in 1830. They came to this county in 1857, and lived in Fayette, where he worked at his trade until 1 873, when he bought this farm of 80 acres, and has been farming ever since ; have six children — William, Franklin, Tacie J., Robert B., David L. ; and Minnie ; lost one — Phebe C, died at the age of 2 years. Mr. Shaffer was School Di- rector four years. They are Methodists. Sheppard, F. M., farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Lima. Sheppard, G. M.,far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Lima. SMART, GEORGE W., farmer and mason. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. West Union ; born in Clinton Co., N. Y., Jan. 19, 1824. Was married Jan. 7, 1852, to Nancy Loughrin ; she was born in Ty- rone Co., Ireland, Jan. 10, 1827 ; was brought by her parents to this country when an infant ; they came to this county in. 1857. Mr. Smart was em- ployed in the erection of the first Cour; 692 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: House in West Union, in 1857 ; also on the new one in 1874. Have four chil- dren — Ira, born Oct. 19, 1852 ; John, born Sept. 10, 1854 ; Charles, born Sept. 24, 1856, and Harriet, born April 27, 1860. Minnie Dargin, a niece of Mr. Smart's, also resides with them. Smart, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. West Union. Smith, C, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. West Albany. Smith, E., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Fayette. Solomon, W., far., S. 2 ; P.O. West Albany. Sparry, J. B., farmer ; P. 0. Payette. Stearns, H. J., farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. West Albany. Stearns, J., farmer j Sec. 11 ; P. 0. West Albany. Stearns, S. W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Lima. STEARXS, WlWSIiOW, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Lima ; born in Vermont, Dec. 6, 1824 ; came to this county in 1851 ; entered the land he is now farm- ing, then wild land, principally timber ; owns 202 acres of land. Was married, in 1852, to Phebe L. Kent; she was born in Vermont March 24, 1830 ; have three children — Orville W., Aurelia S., and Eugene P. Mr. Stearns was County Surveyor three terms, Assessor one term, and Town Clerk several years. Was Assessor of Westfield Precinct when it included nine townships. Mr. and Mrs. Stearns are members of the Congrega- tional Church. Steel, Jacob, far., S. 13; P. 0. Lima, rpALBOTT, T. R., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. J_ Lima. Thorp, A. J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. West Albany. Tupper, A. J., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. West Union. Twitchel, D. W., farmer and stock raiser, S. 5 ; P. 0. West Union. "TTALENTINE,R. T., farmer. Sec. 22 : V P. 0. West Albany. WALKER, D. J., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Payette. Weitman, A., far., S. 29; P. 0. Payette. White, E., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Fayette. White, S. B., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Fayette, WHITIiE Y, GEORGE li., far , Sec. 26; P. 0. Fayette; born in Chit- tenden, Vt., Dec. 4, 1799 ; moved to Dearborn Co., Ind., in 1821 ; wasamong the early settlers of that county. Was married there to Sarah Riggs ; she was born in Philadelphia in 1804; they came to Linn County in 1844, and to this county in 1850 ; owns 320 acres of land. Mrs. W. died Aug. 12,1869; she was the mother of ten children- Sarah (now Mrs. Chessman), Caroline, (Brace), Ehzabeth (Bell), Lydia (Webb), Electa (Richardson), John H., Frederic M. and George are living; Will- iam and Mary are buried in Indiana ; Greorge who lives on the home farm, waa married Aug. 24, 1869, to Lucy T. Lumsden ; she was born in Ireland Dec. 14, 1846 ; have three children — Ada, Jennie and Carrie. Whitley, H., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Payette. Widger, Eli, insurance agent, West Albany. Widger, Peter, mail carrier. West Albany. Wing, Ed., blacksmith. West Albany. Woolsey, R. D., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Fayette. WRIG-HT, JOSEPH, farmer and stock raiser. Sec. 16; P. 0. Fayette; born in Lincolnshire, Eng., Aug. 31, 1821 : came to the United States in 1842; lived in Hamilton Co., Ohio, six and in Campbell Co., Ky., four years. Was married Aug. 12, 1849, to Alice Heath ; she was born in Lancashire, Eng., in 1828; came to this county in 1854; owns 216 acres of land. Mrs. W.'s mother, Mary Heath, came from England to this county in 1858 ; resided with them until March 13, 1878, when she died, aged 81. Has on hand, usually, about fifty head of cattle and seventy to a hundred of hogs. Wroe, Jos , far., S. 10 ; P. 0. West Albany. YACK, CHARLES, farmer, S. 7 ; P. 0. Fayette. Yaok, Chas., far., S. 7; P. 0. Fayette Yates, A. C, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Fayette. WINDSOR TOWNSHIP. ABBOTT, C. H., far.. Sec. 36; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Adams, H., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Alton, W. H., S. 13; P. 0. West Union. Armstrong, Greo., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. West Union. WINDSOR TOWNSHIP. 693 BAKE WELL, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Bakewell, J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Baumbaeh, J., Lutheran minister, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. West Union. 'BARTLE, THOMAS, farmer and blacksmith, See. 28 ; P. 0. West Union ; born August 15, 1842, in England; in 1850, came to Canada ; the same year, removed to Will Co., 111. ; in 1865, came to Payette County, and in 1875, came to his present farm ; owns eighty-four acres, valued at $16 per acre. Married Mary Brooks in March, 1867 ; she was born in 1851 , in Illinois; died in March, 1870, in Iowa; have one child — Rosella. His second marriage was to Elizabeth Brooks, in October, 1870; she was born in 1853, in Illinois ; died in February, 1878; have two children — Mary May and Eliza Maud. Enlisted in Co. A, 38th I. V. I. ; served three years, to the close of the war. BEIiSCHNER, JUiO. G., farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Oct. 21, 1828, in Germany; in 1844, came to Kendall Co., 111. ; in 1855, came to his present farm ; owns 365 acres, val- ued at $20 per acre. Married Mary Vogt in April, 1854 ; she was born Jan. 4, 1834, in Germany ; she came to Ken- dall County in 1852 ; had eleven chil- dren, ten living — Margaret, now Mrs. Senner; William, Ella, Amelia, Louis, Eddie, Henry, Mena, Berta and Emma. Are members of the Lutheran Church. He has been School Director. Berry, L., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. West Union. Bloomfield, G. W., farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Bonnan. BOGART, F. v., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye ; born June 26, 1844, in Washington Co., N. Y. ; in 1853, came to McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1866, came to Fayette County, and removed to his present farm in 1874 ; owns forty- five acres, valued at $25 per acre. Mar- ried Amelia Tromblee May 7, 1862; she was born Sept. 29, 1843, in Cham- plain, N. Y. ; have seven children — Bertha I., Jessie F., Chas. G., Frank H., Jos. L., Minnie M. and Mary E. Has been School Director. Enlisted in Co. A, 153d 111. V. I ; served one year to the close of the war. Bopp, John, far., S. 7. ; P. 0. Windsor. BOPP, MICHAEL, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Windsor; born Oct. 28, 1822, in Germany ; in 1853, came to Cook Co., 111. ; in 1854, came to his present farm ; owns :'20 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Margaret Schmitt Feb. 1, 1851 ; she was born Feb. 14. 1828, in Ger- many ; had fourteen children, twelve living— Jacob W., Mary E., Michael M., John G., Martha P., Louisa E. (Clara I. and Emanuel H. were twins) ; the latter died in 1867, aged 4 years and 5 months ; Lewis E ; Chas. W., Cherry W. and Chancy W. were triplets; Chancy W. died in 1868, aged 5 months ; Fred A. and Anna M. BRAYEXER, WM., farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born May 7, 1829, in England; in 1852, came to Canada; in 1857, came to Chickasaw County, and in 1861, came to Fayette County ; rents -80 acres of land. Married Jane Thompson March 7, 1854 ; she was born Aug. 16, 1832, in England ; had six children; lost John in 1864, aged 4 years and 9 months ; the living are Robert T., M. Elizabeth, Edward J., Dwight G., Adelbert W. Are members of the M. B. Church. BROWX, OJLIVER A., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. West Union ; born May 21, 1817, in Litchfield Co., Conn. In 1835, came to Yates Co., N. Y. ; in 1848, came to Milwaukee; in 1849, came to his present farm; owns 312 acres, valued at $40 per acre. Married Susan Shaw Nov. 7f 1840; she was born in 1824 in Duchess Co., N. Y., and died in Windsor Tp. Had two chil- dren — ^Susan, now Mrs. Reckel, and Wm. A., died Aug. 5, 1863. Second marriage to Elsie McCall, May 9, 1870; she was born July 9, 1849, in Du Page Co., 111. Have three children by pres- ent marriage — Ora Z., Willie 0. and Henry L. Has been Justice of the Peace. Willie 0. enlisted in Co. H, 38th I. V. I. ; served about one year, and died Aug. 5, 1863, from disease con- tracted while in the army. Bulger, J., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. West Union. Bulger, P., far., S; 19 ; P. O. West Union. BURLIBfG, WM., farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Windsor; born Dsc. 17, 1814, in England; in 1839, came to Freeport, 111. ; in 1856, came to Fayette Co. ; in 694 DIRECTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY 1866, came to his .present farm ; owns ninety acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Elizabeth Southwell Sept., 1848; she was born in 1815 ; died Aug., 1862. Have five children — Mary A., now Mrs. Brooks, Fred. S., Alice, now Mrs. Brewer, Jane, Elizabeth M. Second marriage to Mrs. Mary A. Clark ; her maiden name was Wier ; th6y were married Sept. 20, 1866. Have one child by this marriane — William H. She had five children by her first mar- riage, two living — Mary E. and Martha. Members of M. B. Church. BCJRREIili, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Hawk Eye; born May 22, 1836, in Scotland; in 1840, came to New York City; in 1841, came to Rhode Island ; in 1847, came to Mc- Henry Co., 111. ; in 1856, came to Pay- ette Co., and settled on Sec. 26 ; in 1876, came to his present farm; owns forty acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Mary A. Thompson June 27, 1859; she was born in 1842 in New York ; had four children, three living — Mary A., Emma and Maggie. Has been Road Supervisor, School Di- rector and Constable. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. A, 38th I, V. I., and served to the close of the war ; was in the battles of Vicksburg, Fort Morgan and Blakely. BYSONG, SAMUEL, farmer. Sec. 4 and 5 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born March 24, 1827, in Switzerland; in 1831, came to Canada; in 1835 came to Pennsylvania; in 1836, came to Knox Co., Ohio; in 1846, removed to Ashland Co.; in 1850, came to to Benton Co., Iowa; in 1866, came to his present farm; owns 180 acres, val- ued at $20 per acre. Married Harriet Mofi'att Jan. 17, 1866.; she was born March 11, 1836, in Ashland Co., Ohio ; have four children — Max W., Etta J., Jennie J., and infant. Mr. B. enHsted in Co. G, 13th I.V. I. ; served four years ; was in the battles of Shiloh, Cor- inth, Sherman's march to the sea, etc CAPP, FRED., farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. West rjnion. CARPEIVTEB, ALBERT B., farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye ; born March 10, 1826, in Norwich, Windsor Co., Vt. ; in 1850, came to East Cambridge, Mas.". ; in 1850, came to West Union ; in 1861, came to his present farm ; owns 256 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Susan H. Brown Sept. 24, 1854 ; she was born May 12, 1834, in Caledonia Co., Vt. Has been Town Clerk, School Director ; has taught school in this county about twelve terms ; was elected Justice of the Peace, but refused to serve. COLBY, WM., farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Oct. 14, 1830, in Oakland Co., Mich. ; in 1850, came to Rock Co., Wis.; in 1862, came to his- present farm ; owns ninety-five acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Mary Delzene Sept. 13, 1863; she was born May 9, 1844, in Missouri ; died May 8, 1875; had two children— both died in infancy. He has been a member of the County Board four years. Town Clerk ten years ; has been eleven years Secre- tary of the School Board ; taught school in Wisconsin previous to his coming here, and taughc two years here. Has been Justice of the Peace. Craft, B.,far., S. 10 ; P. 0. West Union. Craft, H.,far., S. 10 ; P. 0. West Union. Craigo, G. W., far., 8. 12; P. 0. West Union. Crandall, G. F.,far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Windsor. CRAWFORD. ARTHUR, farm- er. See. 1 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Feb. 11, 1825, in Carroll County, Ohio; in 1 867, came to his present farm ; owns 140 acres, valued at $35 per acre. Mar- ried Elizabeth Boyd June 15, 1854;, she was born April 12, 1835, in Carroll County, Ohio ; have six children — Flora A. (now Mrs. Turner), Martha E. (now Mrs. Johnson Elwell), Nannie B., Jennie B. and Artie. Mrs. C. is a, member of the Presbyterian Church. He is one of the Directors of the First National Bank, West Union ; he enlist- ed in Co. A, 32d Ohio Inf. ; seried three years, and during this time was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps for Jibout nine months ; he was- promoted to Sergeant of this corps, CUMMISfG, HAWCE, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Windsor; born Aug. 18, 1794, in Ireland ; in 1815, came to New York City ; in 1 822, came to Lou- isiana ; in 1824, came to Saratoga Co.^ N. Y., to his father's ; remained there until 1830, when he went to Canada; in WISIKSOK TOWNSHIP. 69.> ■ to his piwsjnt &na j W «>»»> SW ' aiowsv TaJtt*^ at S3^> p« a«». Mant^ [ Jami '^vaim Apnl 16» ISol . - l:r4T ; Vit)i> Sitt»lk. Hxwr» and J»ii«. S^eccud Maorm^ to >!(& J»m» Hia^rhtiSv wlwee iHtUieH B!aH« was Swwiri: ; d»y ww^ MHT»>duiOetofc«r. 1>U>. slie«aislK«n jMk 30k l>>*+■', M CatfcjHli : ttt l>+o. v-SBt^ f» j W»ik«^a Co^ Wis., ]» l>c.>, stctUxl ik-rvs, valeted -t: ^i-"! ycr .ktv Manrwd was biT* FiC. IT. l>io, -.-I Laku Co., i%ij : bdd >t.\ k.'0-."dT^:r.. d-.-,? iiviui; — HiUak He ;u:iiti<>n>MY dt!~t.4iin:tfd . >, tfUiT^vi M Wttk wf Bait's Bttt£. sieire rf Vl>;k.lob£>. and aes^tijii kt ti» cattitie rf Jeff I>a-rtf. wd was ik ecWr «*g:a^!aM»at& DAPE- 6EOR6K; &nKr. <.. 15: P. a Wee* r«iw«. 1^*. Wm., dir S 15 r. Ol West r«i»». BiapfwAwfer. V S^v o.3 P. O- DiMnaa. niETftll.. JOHA. i-i^r S.V ii; P. O- Wio. aa GtiTtuauy it l>.5l. >:i:ue to KrfttCd;' C».. UL; i'-i ISo-""'. -■aaii to t> jwsettc &rat; :w-s ii3 jscres. vilv.ed Ji: K)J per •«Ii-rt:'.-. Miry Sai::: MarvA 14, L>3.'' ^:', '*vi^ ':'.r'j Attg:. Its. tS>:J. :-jL G-Ttuj.'jy '?.ii »» ekJI- Ae*v cjtcfer "iv-l-jc; — Lca.^si, tTr'-.;SC. Pitt- fatk L„ &nii.fr. S^. if: PO Wise r aloe .;.- Ja».:. ISSt}. ill Gi:'niii3y . -■-' "-■^?. ntmmi w VL^adaL Cc. lu.. ia l^-"-". .-x'-jb «» his pRsenc tirtu . owt's -^5'^ j/^ks-. TahMdat S9l) p^r anTK. Mam«d £Saa&t?clt Met- aolt IVe. 26. I>3f ; >he was b«n Jvij I. li-S-. IB Germany; have' five etul- dw.M — >LiR:-ir«c, Helen, Auaw. Samarn May SO. 1x^0. ia Stark Cix, O&i' . ia 1>->S. «aiai» to Elkbtait Co., Ind.; ia tS.i.S, caj»e to Fajette Couuty. and the follow- lag J«ar sotHed «w his pn;:^t;a: tuna; owns ±Ti a€«es, 'lalwsd at #--5 i.» aae. Martwd AdaKue Maxtteimer l]>e». -5. 1 Sjo . Ae was iKta Marvk i ISoS, ia S:ark Ce.. Qftoa, aad «&d Marth 14. I>5-5 . I»d oae ebifd — Smacsoa, died io tatiacy. S^ccad marriage to Aaaa Hli;gs Nov. 19. l>.39 : jte was borti Aug. 3t>, lS-tJ.\ ia Eaglaad. aad dwd Nov ±f . 1 STo" . had oi.:hr ohildRju. seven ttvici; — EsceCa A . Mabel F . Gi-aa: L.^ Mau.d .V •).. TlUBian A. J^ Fiaak S.. B«tie& H. He eolisced ia l>t5-, ia C«K G. 3Srh I. V. I., served tliree jeats aad was Iwaorably dis- i^ktr^^: was »t tlie siege of Vicksburg ^ was tikea to tfce 'V'iek.sbtira: Hospit-al- tfcea tiaa^med to Keota'i. Lovfa. ]>»wns. A A. S^e 9; P.O. Wia»isi>r. Riwns, F S.. Sev. 9 . P 0. Wii.ds<.'r l\:abar. ■rh..s..Sec. '16 : F. Hawk Eve. DITIHEK, ROBHRT. farmer. St;c. li: R O. \Vesc UuL-a. bora -Jau- uarv- 2l i>i>t». ia Ftrchess Co.. N. T., ia 1>3T. e^me w EIih.iri: Co.. lud.. aai ia ISol. t-ame to Wiasbw Townshipi;. owns liv> acres. Talaed at ?-.- per acre. Married Ofire Aau Somers Feb. ^- 1S34 : she was Wa June i l>t,>i>. ia Pucchess Co.. N. Y.: l»d six childtea: ksc oae daa^hcer — Plwdte Ana, fcwa MaKk t::;. 1^3^'■. died Jaa* t^l>-3.S;. tke£tT)c^are — Jgiia, 6e>>r8?~. EIi.2abech- Ckari% and ]>»BfeL Is a l^niioerat. Tteetr sjrattdsoa, Kofeertr Eves witk kk- graadpareucs. Pw- v.. -feBr.. Sev.-, U . F. Wes;; Fhkw- EITN EK. FKfci-F. tkr . 5.'e. IT : P. 0. Wiadaw. FEKKEL. B. T..l&imer, 5^v. 33: P. Hawk %e. €96 DIBECTOBY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Ferris, S., far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Windsor. Prybuger, G., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Wind- sor. GATES, IRVm, Sec. 32; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Glass, L., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. West Union. «OODSPEED, ErGENE, far.. Sec. 20 ; P. O. Hawk Eye ; born Jan. 10, 1843, in Rutland Co., Vt.; in 1851, came to Cook Co., 111.; in 1857, came to Fayette Co., and settled on his pres- ent farm in 1871 ; owns forty acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Mar- garet Hull Dec, 1865 ; she was born Oct., 1844, in N. Y. ; have three chil- dren — Charles E., Edward E. and Lottie A. Mrs. G. is a member of the Bap- tist Church. He has been School Direct- or, Road Supervisor ; is Constable. «OODSPEED, IRA, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. West Union; born Aug. 9, 1825, in Rutland Co., Vt. ; in 1844, came to Cook Co., 111. ; in 1857, came to Fayette Co., and the following year removed to his present farm ; owns fifty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Julia K. Wilson Jan. 14, 1849; she was born Dec. 4, 1828, in Madison Co., N. Y.; had ten children, six living — Elsie D., now Mrs. Ferrell, Frank A., Elmer G., Ernest L., Clara B., George W. Has been School Director. Has followed the threshing machine business for several years. C^RAHAM, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 29 , P. 0. Hawk Eye ; born June 10, 1841, in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; in 1857, came to Whitewater, Wis ; in 1859, went to Texas; in 1860, returned to Wisconsin ; in 1865, came to his present farm; owns 210 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Adaline A. Wilbur July 4, 1866; she was born Feb. 27, 1845, in Madison Co., N. Y. ; had four children ; three living — Jennie A., William J. and Clara M. Are members of the Methodist Church. Has been Justice of the Peace three years. Town Clerk three years, and Assessor two years ; enlisted .in the 7th Wis. Battery, Flying Artillery ; served about four years to the close of the war ; was in battles of New Madrid, Island No. 10, Parker's Cross Roads and others. GROSS, JOHW, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. West Union ; born Aug. 10, 1852, in Trumbull Co., Ohio; in 1856, came to Winnesheik Co., Iowa; in 1877, came to his present farm; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; his parents live in Winnesheik Co. ; his father was born Feb., 1825 ; his mother was bom Feb., 1823. He has two brothers and five sisters. HACKBTT, PERLEY, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. West Union. Haney, C, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. West Union. Hathway, U. M., far., S. 4 ; P.O. Windsor. Heilmorn, John, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Windsor. Henderson, E. M., far., S. 4 ; P.O. Windsor. HElHrDERSOIir, OlilVER P., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. O. Windsor ; born March 20, 1856, in Mefflin Co., Penn. ; in 1857, came with his parents to Fay- ette Co. ; works his grandfather's farm on shares ; it consists of 1 03 acres. Mar- ried Ruth Mathis Feb. 8, 1876 ; she was born Oct. 5, 1856, in Windsor Tp. Have one child — James P., born Jan. 15, 1877. HEIlfliriG, CHARIiES, farmer, S. 30 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye ; born Feb. 8, 1855, in Washington Co., Wis. ; in 1876, came to his present farm ; owns 110 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Annie Koehl'er April 4, 1877 ; she was born June 28, 1858, in Wind- sor Tp. ; are members of the Lutheran Church. Is School Director. Herrington, L., far., S. 3; P.O. W.Union. Heshinger, F., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Hawk Bye. Heshinger, J., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Donnan. HELL, JOHX W., farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. West Union ; born June 20, 1825, in Sussex Co., Del. ; in 1841, went to New York City ; in 1853, went to Cleve- land, Ohio; in 1866, went to Clayton Cc, Iowa, and in 1877, removed to his present farm ; owns 1 60 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Harriet P. Higgins March 9, 1853 ; she was born Dec. 7, 1829, in Franklin, Co., N. Y.; have one adopted daughter, now Mrs. Schlack. Are members of the Baptist Church. Hornback, S. W., Sec. 9 ; P.O. Windsor. Huggins, W., far., Sec. 6 ; P.O. Windsor. Hughs, David, far., S. 32 ; P.O. Hawk Eye. HUGHES, ROBERT C, farmer and renter. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born Aug. 3, 1842, in Derry Co., Ireland; in 1845, came with his parents to New WINDSOR TOWNSHIP. 697 York ; in 1847, went with his parents to Waukesha Co., Wis. ; in 1853, went to Windsor Tp. Married Elizabeth Woodson Dec. 4, 1869 ; she was born April 7, 1848, in Coles Co., 111. He enlisted in Co. G, 38th I. V. I.; served three years, and was honorably discharged ; was at the siege of Vicks- bnig, Fort Morgan and Fort Blakesly, Alabama ; was consolidated with the 34th Iowa Infantry in 1864. ] Hull, F. P. fer., S. 20 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. ! HiU Geo., fer., Sec. 20 ; P. O. Hawk Eye. \ HuU, J. A. far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. | Hull, S. C, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. [ Hunter, Jos., Sec. 35 ; P. O. Donnan. ] INNIS, ROBERT, farmer, Sec. IS; i P. 0. Hawk Eye. TOHNSTON, SAMUEL, West Union. KENT, EZRA, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. West Union. Kent, R., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. West Union. KETCHUM, E. R., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Windsor; born Dec. 31, 1811, in Orange Co., N. Y. ; in 1836, came to Schuyler Co., 111. ; in 1844. came to Cook Co., 111. ; in 1846, came to Du Page County ; in 1859, came to his present ftrm ; owns 100 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Jane Curry Feb. 17, 1834 ; she was born in October, 1815; died June 6, 1849 ; have seven children — Mary R., Andrew J., Phin- eas, Eugene, Amos K., Stelln and Ellen. His second marriage was to Mrs. Jane Winter ; her maiden name was Burhight ; they were married in 1851 ; she was born in 1817, in New York; have two children by present marriage — Flora and Josephine. She had five children by her first marriage, two living — Thad- deus and Amanda. Are members of the M. E. Church. He was Magistrate in Du Ps^ County. KETCHCM, P. R., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. O. Windsor; born April 6, 1838, in Orange Co., \. Y. ; in 1839, came to Hancock ( o.. 111. ; in 1845, came to Du Page County; in 1854, came to Mil- waukee, Wis. ; he then served three years as an apprentice to the carpenter and joiner trade; in 1858, came to Windsor Township, and settled on his present farm in 1866; owns 170 acres of land, valued at S30 per acre. Mar- ried Susan M. Slocum Feb. 28, 1861 ; she was born Jan. 15, 1841, in Erie Co., N. Y. ; have one child — Annie M.,born March 22, 1867. Are members of the M. E. Church. He enlisted in 1861 in Co. C, 12ih I. V. I. ; served four years and four mouths ; was honorably dis- charged ; was in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and others ; was wounded and taken prisoner at Colum- bus, Miss., was paroled and returned to the Union lines ; was also at the siege of Vicksbnrg, the taking of Mobile and other engagements. KIBBE, G. W., farmer, Sec. 15; P. O. West Union ; born June 23, 1834, in Jefierson Co., N. Y. ; in 1852. came to Rock Co., Wis. ; in 1858, came to his present farm ; owns ninety acres of land, va ued at S25 per acre. Married Arabell H. West Oct. 8, 1859; she was born March 25, 1836, in St. Law- rence Co., N. Y. ; have two children — Edwin S., born April 8, I860, and Al- ton J., born June 11, 1868. His father died at the age of 68 years ; his mother lives with him ; she was born Sept. 15, 1797. KI.INOER, FRA]|irZ, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Dec. 27, 1830, in Germany; in 1855, came to Du Page Co., 111. ; in 1866, came to his present farm ; owns 175 acres of land, valued at S20 per acre. Married Salome Sturm Dec. 27, 1859 ; she was born in March, 1831, in Alsace, France ; had nine children, eight living — Karl, Em- ma, Mary, Henry J., John F., Geo. E., Simon W., Edward C. and Wm. J. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Knowhon, C. T., S. 18 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. KOEHIiER, WICHOIiAS, farm- er, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Feb. 16, 1823, in Germany ; in 1849, came to Kendall Co., 111.; in 1855, came to his present farm ; owns 1 85 acres of land, valued at §20 per acre. I Married Catharine Raethel in July, { 1849; she was born Jan. 8, 1832, in Germany ; have four children — Char- ! lotte, Geo. J., Annie and Lizzie. Are I members of the Lutheran Church. He i has been Road Supervisor and School Director. Kruger, C, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. West Union. Kruger., F., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. West Union. 698 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: LASELL, M., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. O. Windsor. Lafirge, L., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Windsor. LEONARD, A., farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Jan, 6, 1815, in Washington Co., N. Y. ; in 1868, came to Fayette Co. ; owns 264 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Hannah L. Searles May 22, 1841 ; she was born May 11, 1815, in Washiogton Co., N. Y. ; had three children — George H., en- listed in Co. C, 123d N. Y. V. I.; served about nine months, and was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville ; their second child, a girl, died in infancy ; their third, Nathan B., is supposed to have been killed in the same battle with his brother. Lee, J., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. West Union. Livingston, Tracy, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. West Union. Logan, T., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Lyon, B. T., far., S. 6 ; P. Windsor. Lyon, J. W., far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Windsor. ~ "ABIE, HENRY, West Union. M' MARTIN, JOHN, farmer and car- penter ; P. 0. West Union ; born Dec. ll, 1826, in Bavaria; in 1854, came to St, Louis; in April, 1856, came to Windsor Tp., and in 1857, came to his present farm ; owns ninety-five acres, val- ued at $25 per acre. Married Anna Margaretha Koehler May 15, 1855 ; she was born Oct. 31, 1836, in Bavaria ; had eleven children — John N., accidentally shot himself at their barn in 1870, aged 14 years ; Mary, died in 1858, aged 10 mouths ; the living are Paul J., William J., Christopher J., Margaret M., Sophia K., Henry N., Godfried J., Eliza H. K. and Anna F. S. S. Mathis, W., farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. West Union. Mattock, Wm., Sec. 30 ; P. O. Hawk Eye. McCrearry, G. W., far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. West Union. MINICH, STERLING C, farm- er. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born in Rook Co., Wis., in 1848. Married Laura E. Beadle in 1871 ; she was born in New York State in 1854 ; have one child — Edwin E. Came to this county in 1852, with his father, David Minich, one of the oldest residents of the county ; ifl 1871, he went to Kansas, where he engaged in farming, and returned in 1876 and settled on the old homestead ; owns a farm in Ottawa Co., Kan. Mitchell, F., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. West Union. MITCHBIiL, ELIZABETH, MRS., Sees. 13 and 14 ; P. 0. West Union ; widow of Joseph Mitchell ; he was born in February, 1827, in Ger- many ; died Jan. 25, 1876 ; she was born Aug. 5, 1823, in Switzerland; in 1855, came to Fayette Co., and to their present farm in 1861 ; owns 186 acres, valued at $20 per acre. They were married in October, 1857 ; her maiden name was Beer ; had four children by a former marriage, three living — Eliza- beth, Mary and Magdalena ; have three children by second marriage — Joseph, Lena and Sarah. Morgan, E.,far., S. 26; P. 0. West Union. MORTON, ADKINS J., farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born Aug. 14, 1835, in Rutland Co., Vt. ; in 1866, came to Fayette (.'o., Iowa; same year, settled on his present farm ; owns nine- ty-two acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Sarah L. Hathaway Jan. 1, 1862 ; she was born Jan. 12, 1840, in Franklin Co., N. Y. ; have four children — Sarah Z., Clark A., Alice E. and Welcome W. Enlisted in Co. C, 1st Vermont Heavy Artillery ; served four- teen months, and was discharged for dis- ability; was in the second battle of Spottsylvania, Laurel Hill and others. Are members of the Baptist Church of Eden. Morton, S., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Windsor. NILES, R. S., farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Windsor ; has 324 acres ol' land, valued at $8,000 ; born in Vermont in 1834. Married Miss Ruth A. King in 1857 ; came to Iowa in 1857 ; have three children — Alanson, Carrie and Alice. Mr. Niles enlisted in Co. G, 38th I. V. I ; served two years and two months ; was mustered out in the Fall of 1864. OSTRANDER, J., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Windsor. OSTRANDER, BENJ., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born July 18, 1817, in Tompkins Co., N. Y. ; in 1833, came to Cook Co., 111. ; in 1868, came to his present farm ; owns forty-seven acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Delia Blakely April 19, 1844; she was born WINDSOR TOWNSHIP. 699 Feb. 3, 1816 ; had seven children, four living — Mary (now Mrs. Nichols), Laura (now Mrs. Sheldon), Kiley B. and Kate (now Mrs. Deubois). Otles, Conrad, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Windsor. PLACE, DANIEL, Sec. 20; P. 0. Hawk Eye. PAIiMER, C. M., farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Sept. 3, 1828, in Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; in 1849, came to Saratoga, N. Y. ; in 1850, removed to Utica, N. Y. ; in 1851, returned to Sar- atoga Co., and in 1854, came to Fayette Co. ; in 1876, removed to his present farm ; he owns 140 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Sarah J. Colutson Dec. 2, 1860 ; she was born Dec. 24, 1831, in Mercer Co., Penn. ; had three children, two living — John B. and Al- den C. Mr. P. was Assessor of the town of Illyria in 1873 ; has been School Director. He belongs to the denomina- tion known as Friends, or Quakers. PARKER, C. T., farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye; born Jan. 24, 1833, in .Canada; in 1851, came to Greene Co., Wis.; in 1858, removed to California; in 1867, came to Delaware Co., and in 1869, came to his present farm ; owns 170 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Mar- ried Mrs. F. M. Gallinger in November, 1873; her maiden name was Burditt ; she was born in 1843. She is a mem- ber of the Baptist Church. He has been Town Trustee, Town Assessor, &c. PEBTZ, FRED, farmer and black- smith, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Feb. 20, 1830, in Germany; in 1864, came to West Union ; in 1876, came to his present farm ; owns eighty acres, val- ued at $20 per acre. Married Margaret Haneiser in April, 1858 ; she was born May 8, 1830, in Germany ; had eleven children, eight living — George G., So- phia, Margaret, Mary, Hannah, Emma, Lizzie and Lena. Are members of the German Lutheran Church. Pratt, 0., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Windsor. Pratt, 0. A., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Windsor. Pratt, W., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. West Union. Price, L., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. West Union. RUADE, WM., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. ANDALL, ED., far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Windsor. Eay, G., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. West Union. Reichel, A., far., S. 17; P. 0. Hawk Eye. REISISXER, €}EO., farmer. See. 31; P. 0. Kandalia; bom Nov. 27, 1851, in Germany; in 1855, came to Dane Co., Wis., with his parents ; in 1859, came to Payette Co., and settled on his present farm in 1874 ; owns eighty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Annie Herschinger Oct. 1, 1871 ; she was born Dec. 21, 1849, in Germany; have two children — Emma and Mike. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Richmond, G., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Windsor. Robinson, E., far.,S. 33; P. 0. Donnan. ROSIER, ABSAIiOM, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Jan. 27, 1855, in Fayette Co. ; he owns ninety acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Catherine Lower Dec. 23, 1875 ; she was born F.b. 27, 1854, in Stephenson Co., 111. ; have an infant child, born Feb. 3, 1878. Mrs. R. is a member of the Pres- byterian Church. RUISH, F. M., farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. West Union ; born Aug. 1, 1856, in West Union ; came to his present farm in 1877 ; owns 121 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Minnie M. Werner Feb. 17, 1877 ; she was born in Rock- ford, 111., April 14, 1860. SENSOR, E. R., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. Donnan. SEXSOR, JOIOr W., earpentt-r. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Sept. 8, 1812, in Center Co., Penn. ; in 1831, came to Buffalo; in 1833, came to Chi- cago; in 1851, came to Lake Co., Ill ; in 1873, removed to his present farm ; owns 170 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Varona Morse in October, 1839 ; she was born in 1821, in Wind- sor Co., Vt. ; had six children, five liv- ing — Edwin, William, Fannie, Dick and Annabelle. Are members of the Meth- odist Church. Schermerhorn. C, S. 23; P. 0. West Union, SCHRACK, GEO., farmer Sec. 28 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Aug. 1, 1824, in Richland Co., Ohio ; in 1856, came to Fayette Co., and settled on his pres- ent farm in 1859 ; owns 290 acres, val- ued at $30 per acre. Married Hattie Stimeley Jan. 5, 1847 ; she was born in February, 1824, in Pennsylvania, and died Feb. 14, 1851 ; have two children —John J. and Mary E. Second mar- 700 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : riage to Mary Smith, Jan. 8, 1854 ; she was born May 20, 1834, in Holmes Co., Ohio; have seven children — Lewis H., Sarah Ann, Ellen V., Jennie E., Adella May, Charles H. and Maud E. Has been Town Trustee. SCHLATTER, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Sept. 8, 1821, in Germany ; ia 1850, came to Crawford Co., Ohio ; in 1856, came to his present farm ; owns 286 acres, valued at $15 per acre. Married Christina Saurbacker in September, 1853; she was born April 3, 1829, in Germany; had thirteen children, eleven living — John, Katie, Christina, Jacob, Lena, Semour, Susap, WilHam, Carolina, Mary and Annie. He is a member of the Lutheran Church ; she is a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. SCHRACK, JOHX J., farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. West Union ; born May 9, 1848, in Kichland Co., Ohio ; in 1856, he came with his father to Payette Co., and settled on his present farm in 1873 ; owns eighty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Alice B. Hancock Oct. 27, 1872 ; she was born June 19, 1852, in Oswego Co., N. Y. ; have one child — Hellie Alice, born Aug. 6, 1873. Schroeder, H., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. West Union. Schroeder, J. E., far., S., 13; P. 0. West Union. Schlatter, G. W., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. West Union. Schlatter, J., far., S. 21 ; P.O. West Union. Schmitt, J. P., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Windsor. Schroyer, J., S. 24 ; P. 0. West Union. Shaw, Abe, Sec. 12. Shaw, J. J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. West Union. Shaw, J. M., f^r., S. 11 ; P. 0. W^st Uni.m. SHAW, WATHAUr, farmer and fine stock breeder. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. West Union; borli Sept. 13, 1820, in Jeffer- son Co., Ohio ; in 1842, came to Tus- carawas Co., Ohio ; in 1848, came to Carroll Co. ; in 1866, came to his pres- ent farm ; owns 265 acres, valued at $40 per acre. Married Eleanor Bell Feb. 17, 1842 ; she was born F.-b. 10, 1820; have eight children — E. B., Elizabeth H., Rebecca A., J. M., John J., Jennie, N. A. and Ella M. Has been School Director, Town Trustee, Road Super- visor. Are members of the Presbyterian Church ; is also Elder of this church. E. B. was drafted in 1862; served in Co. G, 21st Ohio V. I., about eleven months ; was in the battle of Stone River, and others. Shell, M., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Shelling, G., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Smith. S. G., far., S., 23 ; P. 0. Windsor. Smith, S., far., S. 19; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Snyder, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. West Union. Spponer, H. H., far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. West Union. SPITZBURT, JOHIif, farmer, S. 15 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Jan. 20, 1819, in Germany ; in 1849, came to Kendall Co., 111. ; in 1855, came to his present farm ; owns 255 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Helen Ste- hener March, 1857 ; she was born Oct. 16, 1831, in Germany; have seven chil- dren — Charles J., Emma, Annie, Hen- ry, Louis, Helen and Herman. Are members of the Lutheran Church. Be- fore coming to this country, he served six years in military service in Germany. Stentz, J., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. West Union. Stevens, S., far., P. 0. West Union. STEWART,HEXRY, far., S. 5; P. 0. Windsor ; born April 10, 1801, in York Co., Penn. ; when an infant, went with his parents to Cumberland County, Penn.; in 1828, went to Montgomery Co., Ohio ; in 1833, went to Shelby Co., Ohio ; in 1855, came to Payette Co., and settled on his present farm; owns 167 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Elizabeth GoldenSept. 27, 1827 ; she was born in 1804, in Cumberland Co., Penn. ; had eight children, four living — Samuel C, Martha (now Mrs. Gardner), James G., and William H. Are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. S. has been mainly instrumental in building three school houses. Swale, George, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Windsor. SWAIiE, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born March 23, 1823, in England ; in 1844, came to Onondaga Co., N. Y.; in 1845, came to Waukesha Co., Wis., and in 1854, came to his present farm. He owns 320 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married Elizabeth Cumming Jan. 10, 1851; she was born in 1833, in Canada; had eleven children, nine living — Geo., Mary J., Hance, Emeline, Prank, William, Al- FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. 701 bert S., Arthur and Clarence. Are mem- bers of the United Brethren Church. Has been Town Trustee and Treasurer, School Director, &c. TIFFANY, N. A., far., Sec. 26 ; P. O. West Union. Turner, David, S. 11 ; P. 0. West Union. Turner, T., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. W. Union. UTTER, IRA, far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. VAN, BORGART, A., Sec. 26 ; P. O. West Union. WARD, G. W., far., S. 10; P.O. West Union. WAITE, CHARIiEIS S., farmer, Postmaster and Justice of the Peace ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born Sept. 15, 1830; in Henrysville, Province of Que- bec; his father died at the age of 31, in 1831 ; came with his mother to Frank- lin Co., Vt., in 1835 ; went to Sheldon, Vt., in 1839 ; returned to Fairfield in 1841 ; returned to Franklin, Franklin Co., Vt., in 1854 ; went to Lamoille Co., Vt., in 1856 ; returned to Franklin in 1860 ; went to Glover, Vt., in 1870, then to Fayette Co., and to his present farm ; owns 138 acres, valued at 825 per acre. Married Rebecca D. Cham- berlin Dec. 31, 1855; she was born May 27, 1838, in Sheldon, Vt. Had three children ; lost their daughter, Clara A., in 1865, aged ten months and elev- en days; those living are Flora L. and Lillian L. Are members of the M. E. Church. Walentine, Jno., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. W. Union. Watson, Thos., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Donnan. Wayman, T. C. S. 27 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Wendland, F., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Windsor. Wentland, F., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Windsor. Westadt, Wm., far., S. 2; P.O. W. Union. Weston, G., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Whipple, H., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. Whipple, M. E., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. WHITMORE, A. Y., farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. West Union ; born Sept. 16^ 1824, in Madison Co., N. Y. ; in 1854, came to his present farm ; owns 340 i acres, valued at $40 per acre. Married Jeanette Klinck Oct. 9, 1^52 ; she was born Jan., 18i3,in Madison Co.,N. Y. ;. have four children — Ella J., George F., Carrie A. and Dwight. Has been Jus- tice of the Peace ; is now President of the West Union Cheese Factory. Is a Republican. Wier, J., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. West Union. WILBUR, D. W., farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye; bom Aug. 24, 1840, in Madison Co., N. Y. ; in 1845, came to Walworth Co., Wis. ; in 1865, came to his present farm ; owns 330 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Susan Mathis Jan. 1, 1868 ; she was born May, 1843, in Madison Co., Ind. ; have three children — William P., John and Mary. Enlisted in Co. E, 4th W. V. C. ; served about two years to the close of the war ; was honorably discharged. Has been Town Trustee and Treasurer of the School Board. Williamson, D., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Donnan. Wilson, D., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Donnan. Wolsey, J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. West Union. Wood, W., S. 20 ; P. 0. Hawk Eye. WOODSOX, ElilZA, WRH.^ widow of Andrew B. Woodson, Sec. 4; P. 0. Windsor ; he was born March 2, 1820, in Kentucky, and died April 28, 1874 ; she was born March 19, 1823, in Indiana; owns 160 acres land, val- ued at $30 per acre. They were mar- ried Sept. 12, 1844 ; had fourteen chil- dren, nine living — Mary E., Elizabeth, Valentine, Heniy, Franklin, Jefi'erson, Augustus J. and Jennie A. (twins,) Flora B. FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. A DAMS, ELISHA. Adams, L. I., blacksmith. Aldrich, J. A., physician. Allen, Harrison, Constable. AliBXAJJDER, DIXOW, physi- cian and surgeon ; born in De Kalb Co., N. Y., March 24, 1822 ; commenced the study of medicine in 1846, and graduated at Castleton Medical College, 702 DIRECTOEY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Castleton, Vt., in 1848; commenced practicing in Benson, Vt., in 1849. He married, in the same year, Mary E. Wentworth of Stonington, Conn. ; she was born in Norwich, Conn., Sept. 12, 1825 ; they were married by Eeverend Thomas H. Vail, now Bishop of Kan- sas ; removed to Poultney in 1853, and continued practice there until 1857, when he came to this town ; he now Tanks as the oldest and as reliable as any in the county. He was made Sur- geon of the 16th I. V. I., early in 1865, and was with them until the close of the war. Have one son, Edward D., liv- ing, and lost three — Mary F., born Jan. 18, 1852, and died March 23, 1855 ; John W., born Aug. 17, 1859, and died May 19, 1861 ; Frances Anna, born Jan. 2, 1856, and died Jan. 27, 1877. Are members of the Episcopal Church. Alexander, Richard, laborer, Anderson, Uriah, carpenter. Aylesworth, F. M., attorney at law. Aylesworth, W. B., Aylesworth, Wm., "OANE, I. W., student University. Barber, F. M., laborer. Barden, August, blacksmith. Barnard, R. W., dealer in butter and eggs. Barnard, W. W. Bedell, Henry, proprietor meat market. Buch, 0., blacksmith. Benge, Wm., veterinary surgeon. Bissell, J. W., President Upper Iowa University. Borland, Wm., drayman. Boyce, J. E., retired merchant. Boyce, J. H., jeweler. Boyce, W. F., clerk and salesman. Brisjgs, Elisha. Briggs, Henry, laborer. Bray, W. H., mason. Brunson, H. S., Justice of the Peace. BIJDD, JESSE E., of the firm of Budd & Montgomery, dealers in hard- ware, wagons, carriages, sleighs, plows, paints, oils, etc. ; born in Schodack, N. Y., March 27, 1831 ; came to Centralia, Dubuque Co., Iowa, in the Spring of 1857 ; removed to Earlville, Delaware Co., Iowa, in the Spring of 1858, and resided there until he came, to Smith- field Tp., Fayette Co., in the Spring of 1860 ; in the Spring of 1872, he came to Fayette, and engaged in his present business ever since he came here. He was County Supervisor for two yeats before the township organization ; in Smithfield Tp., he held the Ibllowing offices ; two years Justice of the Peace, Township Trustee, School Director, etc. ; he is at the present time member of the School Board ; was one of the Trustees of the Upper Iowa University, from June, 1874, to June, 1877. Married Katie E. Mallow Oct. 12, 1859 ; she was born in New Madrid Co., Mo., Jan. 4, 1840 ; they have had six children — Sally M., died Sept. 13, 1861, aged 1 year 1 month and 21 days; Jennie M., died 1862, aged ; Georgie E., died June 26, 1875, aged 6 years, and 2 months ; the living children are Maggie M., born Dec. 8, 1863 ; Jessie M., born Aug. 5, 1866 ; John H., born Oct. 1, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Budd are members of the M. E. Church. Bullock, Frank, dealer in groceries. Bullock, Martin, carpenter. Burmell, Wm., laborer. Burch, E. H., merchant. Burch, William, carpenter. Burett, W. N., Prof, of Music. Burgess, C. M., Pastor M. E. €hurch. Burget, John, carpenter. Burton, A. H., laborer. Byrne, Daniel, D. & N. W, R. R. /SaVANAUGH, ED., laborer. C AIIV, FRED, merchant tailor ; born in Germany Aug. 27, 1831 ; came to the United States in 1852, and settled in Sclmectady, N. Y. ; lived there until 1864, when he came to Fayette and established business here. Was mar- ried in 1855 to Wilhelmina Cruger; she was bom in Germany Sept. 24, 1830 ; they have an adopted son — Charlie W., born Dec. 28, 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Cain belong to the Lutheran Church. CAIiliENDER, AL.BERT W., attorney, loan broker, and land agent ; born in Huntington Tp., Luzerne Co., Penn., Deo. 27, 1838 ; removed to Boone Co., 111., in 1854 ; remained there eighteen months; in the Spring of 1856, came to Chickasaw Co., Iowa ; resided there until he removed to Fay- //pioneer OF IB44- ^ ^TFIELD TOWNSHIP FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. 705 ette in the Fall of 1866. In 1869 and 1875, he was Justice of the Peace here ; he is now serving his seventh year as Town Clerk. CANFBEIiD, HIRAM S., pro prietor of the Fayette House ; bom in Jamestown, N. Y., July 26, 1835 ; came with his parents to Erie, Penn., in 1839, thence, in 1845, to Girard, and to Rochester in 1849, and in 1860, moved to Iowa and settled at Decorah, where he engaged in the express and fitage business ; came to this county in 1870 ; continued in the same business, and in 1874, bought the Fayette House ; is now ruoning the hotel and stage line to West Union. Was married in 1860 to Emma A. Bowen ; she was bom in Indiana Dec. 10, 1844 ; have one daughter — Minnie E., born June 3, 1873. Mrs. C. is a member of the 'Congregational Church. CAWARD, JAUES J., general merchant ; born in Canandaigua, On- tario Co., N. Y., March 19, ]847 ; re- moved to Whitewater, Wis.,in 1856 ; lived there until he enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. D, 28th Wis. Inf., being only 14 years of age when he entered ;the service ; was in all the engagements 'his company participated in ; mastered ■out in September, 1865 ; after leaving the army he was in the employ of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Co. 'for eighteen months; in 1867, he came to Cresco, Iowa ; lived there until 1870 ; ftom 1870 to Jan. 31, 1872, he was at ^orthwood. Worth Co., Iowa, then re- turned to Cresco, having been burnt out at Northwood ; remained at Cresco until .September, 1875, when he came to Fayette. He married Ella A. Cross- man Aug. 11, 1870; she was born in Fonddu Lac, Wis., April 15,1852; they have two children — Jennie C. and Emma G. <;!hilds, Carol, University student. Churchill, S., broom maker. Close, Al, laborer. 'Close, Jos., laborer. Coff, Sidney, capitalist. Coffenger. J. M., laborer. Cole, O. C, carpenter. Colgrove, Chauncey, student Univer- sity. (Comstock, Isaac, carpenter. COMSTOCK, «EO. E., manufac- facturer of Washing Machiues ; born in Ypsilanti, Mich., Oct. 30, 1839 ; accom- panied, came to this county in 1858i Was married in 1868 to Anna Cramer, of West Union ; have three children — Alfred, Merton E. and Willard W. Mr. Comstock enlisted October, 1861, in the 12th I. v. I.; was in all the battles in which the regiment was engaged ; was captured at ShUoh ; held pris- oner seven months ; rejoined his regiment, and was again captured at Jackson, Miss.; made his escape ; was discharged at the close of the war. Crawley, Daniel, laborer. Crissy, Orson, wagon maker. y~\AVIDSON, THOMAS, farmer. Day, H. S. DAVIS, DAWIEIi, banker; born in Randolph, Orange Co., Vt., May 25, 1826 ; went to California and lived there from 1850 to 1853, then returned to Vermont and lived at White River several years ; resided in Brown Co. for a short period, then removed to Ran- dolph again and lived there from 1864 ; in 1867, he came to Mason ville, Dela- ware Co., Iowa ; resided there uatil * the Fall of 1874, when he came to Fayette ; engaged in banking here since January, 1875. He married Charlotte 0. Brace June 16, 1856, at Randolph, Vt. ; she was bom at Randolph in July, 1831 ; they had bix children; onu died in infancy ; the living are Katie M., George A., Frank J., Willie J., Sarah H. and Charlotte B. -Mrs. Davis is a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church. DERBY, WIXIilAM H. ; harness maker ; born Aug. 27, 1823, in Rutland Co., Vt. ; in 1827, came to Washington Co., N. Y. with his parents; in 1 857, came to Fayette and commenced his present business. Married Mira E.Smith Septem- ber, 1845 ; she was born July 17,1827 in Essex Co., N. Y.; had two children, both dead. In 1857, he was appointed Postmaster ; held this position four years ; in 1876, he was appointed Keeper of the Prison at Auburn, N. Y .; moved there with his family ; remained on prison duty one year and returned to Fayette in 1877. Devlin, P. H., laborer. 9 706 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : DOSrAL,DSOX,CHARI.ES A., books, stationers and Yankee notions ; born in Union Co., Ky., Jan. 15, 1840; remained there till 1855 ; spent the time from that period until 18*77 in traveling in various parts of the United States, Europe, South America and Mex- ico ; went into business here in October, 1877. Was married July 18, 1877, to Mrs. Lizzie Boughey (maiden name Farrington); she was born in Penn.,Jan. 20, 1848 ; is the mother of one child by first married — Grace, born Sept. 14, 1 867. Are both members of the M. E. Church. DORMAW, JERRY M., dentist ; born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., Septem- ber, 1842. Enlisted Aug. 21, 1861 in 3d N. Y. V. C; was in forty-one en- gagements, including skirmishes ; did duty mainly in North Carolina and Vir- ginia ; his Company captured a stand of colors, as did every Company in the regi- ment ; colors all now on exhibition in Albany ; was discharged Aug. 22, 1864, expiration of term of service. He was married April 3, 1872, to Ella Napier ; she was born ia New York in 1852 ; they have one daughter — Maggie, born Aug. 21, 1877. ' Doud, 0. A., retired merchant. Duncan, T. A., retired grain dealer. TPDMUNDS, G. R., grocer. Eliott, Charles, laborer. Emmery, B. Z., farmer. Emmons, E. R , shoemaker. ESTY, CHAREESi, house, sign and cairiage painter, also ornamental painting and graining; born in Vt., Dec. 29, 1842; came to Winnesheik Co. in 1850. Was married in 1862, to Emily Stowell ; born in New York, Nov. 26, 1843 ; died April 8, 1867 ; had two children — Carrie A. and Adaie M. He removi d here in 1868. Was married March 3, 1869, to Mary E Scott, born in A.shtabula, 'Ohio, Jan. 17, 1850 ; have two children — Blanche and Ethel- bert H., Warren Esty, father of Charles, resides with his son ; was 76 years old in March. Has been a member of the M. E. Church sixty years; Mr. and Mrs. Esty belong to the same. Estey, Warren. Everts, H. A., Ins. Agent. F OWELLS, JOHN, shoemaker. FOOTE, AlttORETTA E., widow (maiden name Rich); born in Madison Co., N.Y., July 3, 1839; came with her parents to Medina Co., Ohio, in 1844, and to Clayton Co., Iowa, ia 1857. Was married in 1859 to Seth Foote. He was born in Huron Co.,. Ohio, Jan. 25, 1834. Entered the army as 2d Lieutenant 8th Kan. V. I. in Aug.. 1871 ; served on frontier till 1863 ; was then transferred to theArmyof the South- west ; served as A. D. C. to Gens. Rosecranz, McCook and Smith ; had two horses shoe from under him at the battle of Chickamauga ; was severely wounded at Lookout Mountain; came: home on furlough, where he died May 14, 1864. Mrs. Foote came to this: place in 1861 ; owns property valued at $1,000. Has one son — Dellizon A., born April 14, 1860. They are both members of the M. B. Church. FOWEEES, THOMAS, boot and shoemaker ; was born in Durham, Eng., June 12, 1827 ; emigrated to Canada in 1849. Wasmarriedthere,Dec.l2,1850, to Margaret Cook ; she was born in Port Hope, Upper Canada, Nov. 22, 1834; they came to this county in 1855, and to this town in 1858 ; has been engaged in the boot and shoe trade ever since ; have five children living — John E., Arabella B., Estello, Juliette and Anna E. ; lost three— Mary J., died Oct. 28,1857; Margaret A., died Sept. 8, 1857; and. Ada May (twin sister of Anna), died Oct. 18, 1869. Mr. Fowelis was- S hool Treasurer six years and School Dirucior four years. The family be-^ longs to the Episcopal Church. FREER, THEODORE (firm of Freer & Winrott, Fayette News) ; was. born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., in 1845; while quite young, he accompanied his- parents to Wiscon.'-in ; settled near Ra- cine ; was there six years ; then moved to Sauk Co. ; the early part of his life was spent on a farm. Was married,. Dec. 13, 1866, to Fannie Herrick ; she Was born in New York State, in 1847 ;, moved to West Union, Iowa, in 1868 ;. was engaged for a number of years in a. general insurance business ; ( mployed in the interest of the West Union Gazette ; , FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. 707 in January, 1877, formed a partnership with A. E. Winrott; moved to this place, where the firm are Success&lly en- gaged in publishing a paper that ranks among the best local papers in Northern Iowa. He is a Republican in politics. Of temperate habits, sound judgment and newspaper ability ; has an extended acquaintance in the county and enjoys the confidence and respect of the people. Freese, Peter, clerk. Francisco, F., harness maker. Fryer, John, laborer. Furgeson, D. M., laborer. Furry, F. W., laborer. Fussel, Adam, hardware and machinery. FUSSEIi, DATip E. (firm of Fussel Bros.), dealers in hardware and agricultural implements ; was born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, Oct. 30, 1822; came to Iowa in 1844 ; worked in Jones and Linn Counties something over a year; then went back to Ohio. Was married, March 6, 1846, to Rachel Jennings ; she. was born in Perry Co., Ohio, Feh. 29, 1828; returned to Iowa in 1846 ; spent three year» in Jones, Linn and Buchanan Counties ; and in 1849, came to this county ; commtnced here by purchasing a claim of 140 acres near Bear's Grove ; continued farming and accumulating land until he now owns near 1,000 acres in this county ; rented his farms and engaged in busi- ness here in the Fall of 1876 ; have ten children living — Cordelia (now Mrs. Fortney), Martin H., Dorcas (Mrs. Stansbury), Horton V., Pomeroy B., Elias, Franklin H., Ophelia, iEtna and Orion G. Mr. Fussel has heen Town- ship Trustee about five years ; belongs to the United Brethren Church. /^ ATES, D., laborer. GAIGE, HEXBY B., carpenter and joiner ; was born in Vermont, Oct. 16, 1829 ; has worked at his trade since 1847, in Vermont, New Hampshire, Missouri, Wisconsin, etc. ; in 1859, went overland to Oregon ; thence to California, Arizona, Mexico and Texas ; came to this county in 1869. Was married, Jan. 29, 1873, to Elizabeth A. Kelly ; she was born in Scotland in 1851 ; have two chil- dren— Rena Bell, born Oct. 31,1873; and Annie Eunice, born Jan. 12, 1875. Gaynor, E. W., clerk. Gaynor, Robert, merchant. GAYWOK , WIIililAM H., manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes ; was born in Ballingarry, Tippe- rary Co., Ireland, Jan. 22, 1828; emi- grated to Canada in 1847 ; thence to Juneau Co., Wis., in 1859. Returned, in 1864, to Ireland, and was married to Jennie C. Mealley ; she was born in the city of Dublin May 23, 1846; they came to this county in 1865 ; has been in business here ever since ; have four children living — William H. E., Thom- as Robert, Georgia H. and Pauline ; lost one — Frankie S., died Nov. 29, 1866. Mr. aod Mrs. Gaynor are mem- bers of the M. E. Church. Gibba, Runy, clerk. Goodrich, A. N., carpenter. Goodyear, William, tin peddler. Grannis, J. L. Gurli-y, John, cooper. AMMOND, E., mason. H^ Hancock, George, laborer. Harrison, H., laborer. Harrison, J. L. Hayward, Enos, carpenter. Hendrickson, Saul, dealer in stock, etc. Hess, J. J., shoemaker. Hollenback, A. S., attorney at law. Holmes, Allen, miller. Holmes, Fred., livery. Holmes, Clarence, laborer. Holmes, C. 0., proprietor meat market. Holmes, E., miller. Howe, E. C, tinsmith. HOYT, CHARIiESi, County Sur- veyor ; born in Stanford, Conn., Oct. 27, 1809 ; moved to Orange Co., N. Y., in 1813; went, in 1826, as apprentice to learn ship building; went to New Jersey in 1834, where he was married, the same year, to Ann Maria Smith ; she was born in Morristown April 27, 1811; died May 9, 1839; he moved, the following year, to Oswego Co., N. Y., where he was married, in 1841, to Mary Allen ; born in New York Aug. 1815; died July 21, 1853; was the mother of five children — William A. and Julia are living ; Marcia E., Mary Jane and an infant died in New York. He was married the third time in 1856, to Cynthia M. Abbott; born in New 708 DIRECTOEY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: York Dec. 27, 1822; have three chil- dren living — Harry, Louisa and Charles ; lost one — Sarah. Mr. Hoyt has held the office of County Surveyor, or Deputy, alternately for twelve years, on Board of Supervisors two years, and is now serving his fifth term as Assessor. Family belong to the Congregational Church. HOYT & DIJXCAN, real estate, loan and collecting agents ; Alexander J. Duncan wap horn in tJnion Vale, Dutchess Co., K. Y., March 4, 1846; came to Fayette in 1 874 ; he has been engaged in his present business ever since he came here. Married Sarah B. Scobey, daughter of Rev. Z. D. Scobey, March 13, 1876. Is Notary Public. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan are both mem- bers of the M. E. Church. Hoyt, W. A., attorney at law. Hughs, W., blacksmith. Hulbert, C. E., merchant. Hunt, R., mason. Hunt, Washington, mason. Hunt, T. v., mason. Hunt, W. E., furniture dealer. HrRD, H. E., Professor of the Up- per Iowa University; born in Her- kimer Co., N. Y., June 25, 1843; accompanied his parents to Ogle Co., 111., in 1844; attended Wheaton Col- lege from 1860 to 1863; enlisted May 17, 1864, in the 132d 111. V. I.; was discharged Get. 17, 1864 ; entered Eastman's Commercial College at Pough- keepsie, N. Y., in December, 1864; came with his parents to Chicago in 1865 ; in 1866, he opened a business institute at Rochest;er, Minn., three months' term ; thence to Winona, where he did the same; spent the greater part of 1867 traveling in con- nection with the business ; came to this place in 1867, and opened " Hurd's National Business College," Upper Iowa University ; is the only member of the present faculty who was teaching in the institution while in charge of Rev. Wm. Brush ffrom 1860 to 1869). ■ Mr. Hurd was married Feb. 2, 1871, to Henrietta, daughter of the Hon. H. S. Brunson, of this place ; she was born in La Payette Co., Wis., March 24, 1845; they have one daughter — Persia J., born Nov. 15, 1871. Husband, Charles, teacher. nrONES, F., chair maker. TT^IDDER, J. S,, broom maker Kingman, W. E., clerk. Knight, A., blacksmith. Knight, John, blacksmith. T AMB, ELMER, merchant. Lano, Charles, blacksmith. Lee, R., D. & W. R. R. LICHTEWSTEIJr, E. M., gen- eral merchandise ; born March 1, 1847, in Buffalo, N. Y. ; in 1865, went to Chicago ; remained there until 1875, when he came to Fayette, and com- menced his present business. Married Mrs. Eliza A. Raesley March 8, 1876 ; she was born in Oct., 1849, in Pennsyl- vania ; her maiden name was Weller ; have one child by first marriage — Even B., born in July' 1871. Mrs. L. is a member of the Congregational Church. Lockwood, J. H., agent. Lyman, A. B., farmer. Lyman, C. A., farmer. Lyman, Gr. T.,i lumber dealer. Lyons, Charles. "jy/ToDONALD, JERRY, laborer. Marvin, A. E., carpenter. MOXTGOMERY, mORGAIV, of the firm of Budd & Montgomery, dealers in hardware, paints, oils, wagons, carriages, sleighs, plows, &e. ; born in Brookfield Tp., Trumbull Co., Ohio, July ^0, 1826 ; removed to Rock Co., Wis., in 1845 ; resided there eighteen years, and then came to Smithfield Tp., this county ; lived there about five years, and then came to Fayette ; en- gaged in his present business since then. In 1869, he was Township Assessor of Smithfield Tp. ; in 1876, he was Town Councilman of Fayette. Married Nancy Brown Dec. 25, 1846; she was born in Butler Co., Ohio, Oct. 31, 1828; they have had five children ; two died in in- fancy ; the living are Edwin L., Emma L. and Fred. L. MOTT, AAROIV J., baker and confectioner ; born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., July 8, 1820 ; removed in 1840, to Warren Co., Penn., where he was mar- ried, Oct. 30, 1845, to Sarah Young . FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. 709 she was born in Venango Co., Penn., Feb. 8, 1828 ; they came to this county in 1857 ; engaged in his business in 1870 ; they have two children living — Blanche, born Aug. 17, 1847, and Del- bert J., born April 14, 1860 ; lost one — Charles P., died June 9, 1859. Mr. M. is a Democrat. Mrs. M. is a mem- ber of the Episcopal Church. Munson, George, laborer. n\TEFZGBR, CHRISTOPHER, gro- _LN ■ cer. ITEWCOMER, DAXIELi L,., firm of Newcomer & Templeton, propri- etors of the Revere House ; born in Northumberland Co., Penn., July 25, 1825. Was married July 1, 1852, to Mary A. Jacoby ; she was born in Le- high Co., Penn., March 30, 1828 ; came to this county in 1857 ; two small stores and a few houses are all there was of Fay- ette at that time ; worked at his trade (brick-laying and plastering) since he came here until last Fall. Mrs. N. died March 11, 1876 ; she was the mother of four children — Levi P., Alpherita C, Nettie J. and Marj A. Mr. N. was mar- ried again Oct. 2, 1877, to Mrs. Minerva R. Templeton (maiden name Staples), she was bora in South Adams, Mass., Sept. 1, 1842 ; had two children by first mar- riage — Isaac E., and Winfield S. Noble, R. D., carpenter. Noland, W., jeweler. /^RDWAY, A. S., harness maker. OBVIS, JAMES R., photographer ; born in Bradford Co., Penn., May 22, 1820; his wife, Lucy H. Heath, was born in County of Kent, in England, in 1829 ; came to America in 1838 ; they were married at Pompey Hill, Onondaga Co., N. Y., Oct. 28, 1852 ; their chil- dren are Jeannie L., age, 19 Charles H., age, 16, and John J., age, 13 ; two died in Belvidere, 111. Mr. Orvis has worked at this business nearly thirty-two years ; the following are some of the more im- portant. Cortland and Homer, N. Y., and Hamilton, Madison Co. ; built a car costing $ 1 ,000 ; traveled down the Che- nango Valley to Binghamton, Newark, Yorkshire, &c. ; sold out, came West, and has since worked in Chicago, Rockfbrd, Springfield, Freeport, Raciae, Decorah, West Union and Fayette, where he is now located, and ready to take any one's face at short notice. Owen, Geo., carpenter. TDAIN, CORTES, retired. Palmer, D. D., lawyer. Pangburn, M. W., laborer. Parker, C. C, physician. Parsons, Geo., carpenter. Pangburn, F. A., teacher. Patterson, Charles, laborer. Peebles, R. W., Pastor M. E. Church. Peebles, Will., clerk. Pierce, Gideon, retired. Percy, J. P., carpenter. Potter, W. L., laborer. npOBERTSON, S. H., retired. BHOAI>ES,JOH]V, druggist; born in Falsthrop, Lincolnshire, Eng., April 24, 1836 ; left Boston for Liver- pool May 14, 1855, and sailed from that port May 1 6, on the ship Corra Linn, and landed in New York June 28 ; came to Decorah, Iowa, in Dec. of same year, and remained there until 1860, when he came to Fayette ; he attended the Upper Iowa University, until Oct. 1, 1863, when he enlisted in Co. C, 9th I. V. C, and served with them until Feb. 3, 1866, when he was discharged at Little Rock, Ark. ; returned here and engaged in the drug business, which he has fol- lowed ever since. Was married Jan. 2, 1867, to Ruvina M. Cragin, widow of Frances B. Cragin, who died at Mason, N. H., Dec. 6, 1864 ; her maiden name was Richardson ; born in Stoddard, Cheshire Co., N. H., Jan. 8, 1838 ; has two children by first marriage — Nellie A., bora July 1, 1859; Frank A., born March 6, 1861 ; they were bora in Sacramento, Cal Mr. R,hoades owns 459 acres of land. ROBERTSON, GEO., dealer in agricultural implements, pumps, wind mills, etc. ; born in Cuyahoija Co., Ohio, June 8, 1838 ; moved with his mother to Wisconsin, in 1854, and lived thereuntil 1865, when he came to this county ; he engaged in this business in Clermont ; afterward came here, whpre he has fol- lowed it ever since. Was married Jan. 1, 1863, to Susan G. Cuwles ; she died Oct. 19, 1869 ; she was the mother of two children — Edith and Mary. He 710 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : married again Oct. 8, 1870, a Mrs. Maria A. Kelsey (maiden name, Farr) ; she was born in Crawford Co., Penn., Feb. 16, 1836 ; was married Sept. 4, 1851, to Russel D. Kelsey; he enlisted in 1862, in the 38th I. V. I., and was in the battles around Vicksburg in 1 863 ; he died the same year in the hospital at Baton Rouge, La. Mr. Robertson was Township Trustee one year, and is serv- ing his first term as Deputy SheriiF. Mrs. Robertson is a member of the Congregational Church. SOBERTNOX, WM. H., carpen ter aud builder; born in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio,June 10, 18-12; he accompanied his mother to Wisconsin, in 1853, and came to this county in 1870. Was married in 1871, to Agnes E. Miller ; she was bom in New York, in 1848; have two children — Carlotta, born July 29, 1872 ; Isabel, born Jan. 22, 1878. Mr. Robertson made two trips across the plains to Cali- fornia and Oregon, in 1864,, and J 870. Has been a member of the firm of West & Robenson, since 1874. Rogers, Benjamin, blacksmith. SANFORD, M. C, telegraph operator and station agent. Sehoonmaker, Davidj stock dealer. Scobey, C. R. A., postal clerk, D. & N. W. R. R. Scobey, Geo., merchant and express agent. Scobey, Z. D., PDstmaster. Seeley, D. R., laborer. Shoemaker, P. O., laborer. S9IITM, GEORGE A., livery, feed and sale stable ; born in Essex Co.,. N.Y., Dec. 3, 1825; came to this county, in 1858; he engaged in the livery busi- ness in 1862, and keeps constantly on hand good horses and livery rigs ; terms reasonable. He is unmarried. Snider, J. R., grocer. SPERRY, CH.AS. W., general merchandise; P. 0. Sumner, Bremer Co. ; born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1847 ; came to this county in 1857. Was married to Belle Franklin, Sept. 16, 1869 ; she was born in Jones Co., Iowa, March 14, 1848 ; have two chil- dren — J. B., Jr., born June 18, 1870, and Louia L., Aug. 14, 1874. Mr. S. was connected with his father in the hardware business for three years, bank- ing, four years, and general store, dry goods, etc., nearly three years ; owns 400 acres of land. They are members of the M. E. Church. Sperry, M. C , agent. Stanley, Charles, carpenter. Strong, A. H., retired. Sweet, E. S., clerk. SWEET, HIRAM, capitalist; born in Pleasant Valley, Fulton Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 1827 ; moved to Washington Co. in 1845. Was married there in 1853 to Dianna Sweet; she was born in Washington Co., in 1832 ; they came to this county in 1855 ; have two chil- dren — Ensign S., born in October, 1854, and Estella M., Jan. 8, 1863 ; Mrs. Sweet died in 1869. Mr. S. was again married in 1870 to Elizabeth S. Ransom ; she was born in Rensselaer Co., N, Y., March 14, 1847 ; have one son. Dean H., born Nov. 12, 1871 ; Mr. Sweet has, until recently, been an extensive dealer in sheep and other stock ; is engaged in extensive land speculations in this State and Minne- sota. Mrs. S. is a member of the Congregational Church. nOBIN, JAMES, laborer. T' True, N. S., conductor D. & N. W.R. R. ^TAN, SCODER, laborer. Vansychle, C. V., laborer. Vines, D. TTTAKEFIELD, JACOB, laborer. Ward, C. S., laborer. Ware, John, City Marshal. WATERBURY, H. W. & S. E., drugs and books. Hiram W, was born in Cbautauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 24, 1811. Was married July 14, 1 834, to Marilla Crissey ; she was born in same county Dec. 12,1816; they moved to Ohio in 1835, thence to Winnebago Co., 111. ; engaged in the dry goods business in Durand in 1853 ; he changed to drugs and medicines ; was also Postmaster for three years there ; came to this county in 1857 ; resumed drug trade here ; was ap- pointed Postmaster in 1861, a position he retained till 1873 ; he recently or- ganized a new temperance society termed the Rechabite Band which al- ready numbers nearly 500 names ; have FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. 711 two children — Luther W., born in Lo- rain Co., Ohio, Jan. 5, 1840 (resides in Colorado), and Scott E., born at Cha- grin Falls, Ohio, April 7, 1843 ; en- tered in coparnership with his father in 1865. Was married March 3, 1863, to Mary L. Rust; she was born in Randolph, Vt., Sept. 20, 1847 ; have two children — Day D., born Dec. 3, ■1864, and Mabel, April 28, 1866; H. W. and S. E. have both filled various town ofElces. Are all members of the Congregational Church. Weaver, John, works on Fayette News. Webb, Luther, laborer. Wenrich, D., Pastor United Brethren Church WEST, CHARLiGS C, carpenter and builder; born in Penobscot Co., Me., Aug. 17, 1827. Was married Aug. 17, 1852 to Almira R. Maxey ; she was born in same county Oct. 22, 1828 ; they moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., .same year of their marriage ; he worked there at his trade until 1855, when he <;ame to this county and took contract same year to build the Upper Iowa Uiiiversity Institute, which he succeeded in finishing ready for occupation Jan. 1, 1857 ; built the third frame house ever erected in this town, and has worked on the majority of those since built. They have two children living — Almira E., born July 17, 1856, and Edward F., Nov. 15, 1868 ; lost three —Charles E., died Sept. 15, 1854; Geo. B., died Oct. 27, 1861, and Ed- gar, who died in infancy. Mrs. West belongs to the Baptist and Almira to the Methodist Church. Whife, Abe, shoemaker. Whitney, P. B., capitalist. Whitney, W. A., carpenter. WHITNET, WM. V., dealer in grain, Marvin Elevator ; also member of the firm of Bullock & Whitney, igrocers ; Mr. Whitney was born in La Fayette, Onondaga Co., N. Y., March 26, 1842, and removed to Sheboygan Co., "Wis., in 1853, and resided there until Tie came to Fayette in 1875. His first ■wife was Maria J. Burnhara, of (Jreen- bush. Wis.; she was born in the State of New York, and died July 7, 1873 ; they had two children, and one died in infancy ; one daughter now living — Ada J., born Dec. 29, 1871. Mr. Whitney's present wife was Zelia C. Danley, and was married April 26, 1874 ; she was born in , N. Y. ; they have three children — De La Forest, born Feb. 14, 1875 ; Frank, born Sept., 1876, and one infant son, born Feb. 8, 1878. Mr. Whitney is a member of the Congrega- tional Church. Wilertan, C, laborer. WINROTT, A. E., of the firm of Freer & Winrott, Fayette News ; born in Ashland Co., Ohio, Sept. 13, 1852 ; came with his parents in 1 856 , to West Union, where they still reside ; 1869, he entered the GazetteoSioe as an apprentice, and has worked there at in- tervals for the last eight years ; in the meaotime, however, he was employed in Mills & Co.'s Job Printing House, at Des Moines, Elkader Journal and Du- buque Times. On the 30th day of Sept., 1876, was married in Chicago to Miss Josephine Fitzgibbons ; she was born in St. Hillier's, Jersey, Channel Islands, Jan. 29, 1853, and came to the United States in 1872. In the begin- ning of 1877, he purchased an interest in the Fayette News; he is spoken highly of as a fancy job and card printer, and with other qualifications equally as good, he has the respect and confidence of the public. WIST STOW, AliEXAWDER, wagon maker and farmer ; born in Che- nango Co., N. Y., Jan. 26,1829 ; he ac- companied his parents to Wisconsin, in 1 841 ; was among the first settler^-i in Rock Co. Was married there in 1849 to Erva A. Bent ; she was born in Vermont Deo. 29, 1828; they came 40 this county in 1851 ; there were then only four houses in West Union, and nothing here but wild uncultivated land ; he owns seventy- five acres of land, and also a lesidencein town ; have five children living — Erva L. (now Mrs. Anderson), resides in Kansas ; Ella L. (now Mrs. Trout) ; John W. ; Cora and George 0. ; lost three — Abbie May, Flora and Eddie A. Mr. Winston was Township Trustee one year, and School Director about four years. The family belong to the M. E. Church . Winston, John, laborer. Wood, G. F., teacher. 712 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: CENTRE TOWNSHIP. ALLEN A., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Rand alia. AIVDBESS, lifOAH, proprietor of the Kandalia House, Randalia, whicli he has recently refurnished and refitted for the accommodation of guests ; was born in Ohio, Feb. 3, 1839 ; came to this county in 1856. Married Rosaltha Smith May 15, 1870 ; she was born in Tompkins Co., N. Y. ; their daughter, Eva May, was born Aug. Y, 1871, and died June 2, 1874. ASHBY, WIIii:iIAlI,/armer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Payette ; owns sixty of land, valued at $1,800 ; was born in Rich- land Co., Wis., April 17, 1850 ; came to this county, with his parents, in 1853. Married Andie L. Owen Sept. 8, 1870 : she was born in Fond du Lie Co., Wis., May 30, 1853 ; they have two children — Myron W. and Freddie L. He is a Republican and Protestant. Aus'in, Gt. H., butcher, Randalia. AUSTIX,_ W. C, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 170 acres of land, valued at $3,400 ; was born in Kane Co., Ill, March 17, 1848 ; came to this county in 1867. Married Miss Effie J. Miner Dec. 29, 1869 ; she was born in Ohio Dec. 29, 1851 ; they have two children — EfiSe May and Charles Albert. Served in ,the war in the 41st I. V. I. In politics is a Republican. BARBER, Z. L., far., Sec. 34; P. O. Randalia. BACOBf J C. C, farmer and carpenter. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $3,200 ; was born in Portage Co., Ohio, Sept. 17, 1833; came to this county in 1860. Married Harriet A. Babcock in 1859 ; she was a native uf New York State ; they have two children — Henry and Mary. Barrett, A., P. 0. Randalia. BARSTOW, W. W., farmer. Sec. 6 ; P.O. Randalia ; owns 1 60 acres of land, valued at $3,500 ; was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Oct. 23, 1816; came to Grant Co., Wis., May 1, 1836 ; and to this county in January, 1871. Married Hannah Curly Nov. 9, 1833, in Trumbull Co., Ohio ; she was born in Steuben Co., N. Y., Oct. 20, 1816 ; they have two children, and three de- ceased — Saloma, born Aug. 23, 1834, and died Oct. 31, 1844; Laura, born Dec. 25, 1835, married George McFall December, 1858, and died March 23, 1873 ; Miron, born Feb. 28, 1839, en- listed in the 25th W. V. I., Co. E, Aug. 11, 1862, died in camp at Helena, Ark., Sept. 10, 1863 ; Joseph A., born April 19, 1847 ; and Salona A., born Jan. 11, 1851, married Samuel Dickinson Nov. 11, 1869, and now resides in California. Barstow, G., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia. Bigelow, H. N., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. West Union.. Bloomfield. J., S. 32 ; P. 0. Randalia. Boardman, A. P., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. May- nard. Bratt, W. A., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Maynard. BBATT, SABAH X. MBJS., farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Randalia ; owns eighty acres, valued at $2,000 ; bom in Cumberland, Eng., Jan. 16, 1835 ; came with her parents to America when about 1 year old ; remained in New York city about six years and in New York State- about sixteen years, when the family removed to Fond duLac Co., Wis. Mar- ried Daniel A. Bratt April 26, 1859 ;. he died Maj 20, 1872 ; they moved to this county in October, 1866 ; has two sons — Lincoln A., born Oct. 26, 1861,. and Willie D., Aug. 22,, 1866. Princi- pal product of farm is wheat, oats and corn. BBEWEB, A. M., farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 134J acres of land, valued at $4,650 ; born in Orange Co., Vt., Jan 17, 1842 ; came to this- county in 1868. Married Henrietta. Mathews Oct. 1, 1865 ; she was born in Windsor Co., Vt., March 18, 1846;. have four children — Fred A., Elmer B.,. Minnie M. and Ada M. Is a Republi- can and Protestant. Brewer, J. J., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Randalia- Buck, H., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Randalia. Buck, H., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia. BUNTOIV, G. W., farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Randalia; owns forty acres, valued at $1,200; born in Laurel Co., Ky.„ CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 713 in January, 1833 ; came to this county in 1858.. Married Miss Alice Nicholas in 1864; she was born in Rock Co., Wis., Feb. 17, 1843 ; they have three children — Chas. M., Reuben D., and Chester. Enlisted April 5, 1862, in Co. F, 3d I. V. I., which consolidated with the 2d Iowa in 1864 ; was at the battles of Corinth, Atlanta, siege of Vicksburg and many others ; was honorably dis- charged April 5, 1865. In politics is a Republican. Bunton, Jerome ; P. 0. Randalia. Burkholder, P., lab., S. 17 ; P. 0. Ran- Burkholder, S., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Randalia. Burkholder, Wm., lab., S. 17; P. O. Randalia. Burlingame, H., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Ran- dalia. BurUngame, L. N., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Ran- dalia. Burliogame, Z. M., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Randalia. C~1ARTBR, JEROME, farmer, Sec. J 15 ; P. 0. Randalia. CARB, P. H., wheat buyer, P. O. Randalia ; bom in Vermont ; .came to this village in 1874, where he has since represented the firm of Gilchrist & Co., McGregor, Iowa. Carter, R. G., retired. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Fay- ette. Carter, N., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. O. Randalia. Cave, Jos. W., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Fayette. Chaffin, G. W., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Fayette. Chaffin, L. 0. Chesley, W., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Randalia. Claxton, Isaac, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Fayette. Claxton, I. C, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Fayette. Coates, I. S., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Randalia. Crawford, F., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Randalia. Crawford, R., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Randalia. Crawford, Sam'l, far., S. 34; P.O. Randalia. Crim, G., hx., S., 34; P. 0. Fayette. CROSS, WILIilAM, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $1,500 ; born in Lu- zerne Co., Penn., Jan. 17, 1844. En- listed from Morrison, Whiteside Co., 111., in the 34th I. V. I., Co. B, Sept. 7, 1861, for three years; was wounded in the left side, in the battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862, was transferred in Oct. 1863, to the Invalid Corps; dis- charged Sept. 17, 1864, and re-enlisted Dec. 31, 1864, in the 8th 111. Cavalryr Co. C ; was honorably discharged July 17, 1865 ; participated in the battles of Green River, Corinth, luka Springs, Luv'erne, Murfreesboro and Crab Or- chard, besides many skirmishes of less note. Married in Lee Co., 111., to Han- nah Carse, Feb. 15, 1866, and moved to this county in 1867 ; they have five children — Fannie, born April 1, 1867 ;. Joseph G., born Nov. 4, 1868, William L., born June 25, 1871 ; Lizzie B., born April 29, 1873, and Sarah A., born Nov. 1, 1875. He is a Republican and Pro- testant. Curley, J. M., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. RandaUa. CCRIiEY, OWEW, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 114 acres of land, valued at Sl,700 ; born in Grant Co., Wis., March 4, 1845 ; moved to Crawford Co., Wis., with his parents, when about 4 years old ; came to this county in 1865 ; is the son of Joseph M. and Delia Curley ; the for- mer was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., July 11, 1815, and the latter was born, in Kent Co., R. I., Dec. 14, 1812 ; they were married Feb. 28, 1841. Mr. C.'s grandmother, Mrs. Catherine Curley, now in her 86th year, resides with her grandson. He is a Republican in poli- tics. Curley, P. P., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Randalia. DENNIS, ORLANDO, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Donnan. DARlWEIiL., J. C, farmer. Sec. 22 ;. P. 0. Randalia; owns 180acren of land,, valued at $6,500 ; born in Kendall Co., 111., July 17, 1846 ; came to this county in Feb., 1877. Married Mary M. Rogers Dec. 2, 1 868 ; she was born in Kendall Co. 111., July 24, 1849 ; have two- children — George, born June 13, 1872^ and an infant not named, born March 2, 1877. Mr. D. enlisted Sept.' 28, 1861, in the 52d I. V. I., Co. H, and was discharged for disability Nov. 24, 1862 ;. re-enlisted March 9, 1865, and was^ honorably discharged Sept. 20, 1865 \ was in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and others. DOOLY, J. D., farmer. Sec. 17 ; P- 0. Randalia ; born on the ocean May 6, 1840, on the passage to America;: came to this county, in 1853; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $1,600. Mar- 714 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: ried Sarah J. Wells March 27, 1865 ; she was born in Monroe, Greene Co., Wis., Dec. 9, 1847 ; thoy have five children — Lewis D., Louisa M., John E., Mernie A. and lluthfurd. He is a Republican and Protestant. Dow, G. hardware mer-. ; P. 0. Randalia Drew, J. C, far., S. 7 ; P.. 0. RandaUa. DUKASfD, GIIiBERT, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Randalia ; born in Chau- tauqua Co., N. Y., Jan. 11, 1847 ; came to this county, in 1867. Dugan, W., fan, S. 15 ; P. 0. Randalia. EASTMAIIf, SOIiOMOIir, farm- er. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Randalia ; born in Canada May 5, 1839 ; came to this county, in 1868. Married Elizabeth Roe Oct. 29, 1859 ; she was born in En- gland, Sept. 9, 18'i9 ; they have five children — Anna, born Aup:. 26, 1860 ; Minnie, born March 3, 1863 ; Cora, bom June 13, 1868; Nettie, born Oct. 28, 1873; Lottie, born Nov. 21, 1875. He is a Republican and a member of the United Brethren Church. ESTY, W. F., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Randalia; born in Addison Co., Vt., in 1833 ; came to Allamakee Co., Iowa, in 1853 ; owns ninety acres of land, valued at $2,000. He enlisted in the' 3d 1. V. I., Co. D, in the Spring of 1861, for three years, which time ho served ; then he re-enlisted and was honorably discharged in 1865 ; he participated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Atlanta and many other engagements ; was with Sherman on his " march to the sea," and returned to Allamakee Co., from whence he moved to Dane Co., Wis., in 1867, and to this county, in 1869. Married Mary M. De- vine Jan. 1, 1867 ; she was born in Erie Co., Penn., in 1844; they had one son— Henry, born Oct. 18, 1872. He is a Republican and a Methodist. Fairchild, M., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Fayette. "Fisher, J. M., laborer; P. 0. Randalia. Frittz, G. M., far., S. 17 ; P.O. Randalia. FORDYCE, T. li., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Donnan; born in Dunham, Canada, Dec. 25, 1838; came to McHenry Co., Ill, in the Fall of 1865; came to this county, in 1867; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $4,000. Married Miss Cor- nelia V. Carter Sept. 16, 1860 ; she was born in Stanbridge, Canada, Nov. 26, 1837; they have four children — Geniver, James F., Clara 0., Lorin M. Principal product of the farm is corn and oats. He is a Republican. FOX, E. W., farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia ; born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; came to this township in 1856, and settled on Sec. 22, whpre he still resides ; owns 139 acres of land, valued at $3,500 ; his parents who ac- companied him are now dead ; his father died Jan., 1870, in his 90th yenr, and his mother died in Dec, of the same year, in her 86th year. Mr. Pox mar- ried Mrs. Lavinia Hill Jan. 1, 1863 ; she was born in Berkshire Co., N. H., in 1826, and is the daughter of Clark and Hannah W. Roberts, who settled in this county in 1855; Mrs. Roberts died Feb. 20, 1878; Mr. Roberts is now living with his daughter, Mrs. Fox. Mr. and Mrs. Fox have one child living, and two deceased — Fred. 0., died Feb., 1864, in infancy ; Freddie C, died Jan., 1870, aged 14 months ; their daughter, Carrie M., was born March 29, 1865. Mrs. Fox was formerly married to Ben- jamin F. HUI, at Brattleboro, Vt., in May, 1846, and he died in Feb., 1852 ; she has by this marriage one daughter —Emma L., born Oct. 27, 1848. Grant, Chas., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Randalia. Grant, David ; P. 0. Randalia. Grant, John, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Randalia. Grant, Wm., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Randalia. Grapes, Samuel, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Randalia. GRIFFITH, B. E., of the firm of Griffith & Proctor, Randalia, dealers in ready made harness (manufactured Irom best oak leather), whips, currycombs, brushes, and a full assortment of har- ness trappings; was born in Rock Co., Wis., Aug. 6, 1848 ; came to this county in 1853. Married Rheumina Powers Dec. 26, 1858; she was born in Boone Co., III.; their children are Edith I. and Luella May. Hartsough, H. D., far., S. 32; P. 0. Ran- dalia. HARTSOIJGH, ELISHA, far., Sec. 12; P. 0. Fayette; born in Ox- ford, Canada, in 1813 ; his father and family were surrendered to the British, at Detroit, as prisoners of war, at the time of Hull's surrender, in 1812, and while ahens in Canada, the subject of this CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 715 ■sketch was born. Marrwd Miss M. D. Brunson io 1837 ; she was a native of Cuyahoga Co., Ohio ; they moved to Rockford, 111., the same year, and re- mained in that viuinity four years, and in 1841, removed to the mining region of Northern Illinois an! Southrrn Wis- -consin, where he remained for nine years, at one time running a smelting furnace near Shullsburg, Wis.; came to Dover Tp., this county, in 1850, and settled on Sec. 33 ; lived there I'our years, then moved to Center Tp., where he has since resided. Owns 160 acres, valued at $4,000. They have nine chil- dren — Harvey D., William D., Electa M., Clark C, Mary E., John W., D. Maurice, Porter L. and Walter W. Hartsough, D. M., far., S. 12 ; P. O. Ran- dalia. Heiseman, Gr., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Payette. Helmer, C. D., far., S. 3 ; P. O. Randalia. HOCKERT, MARY, MB.S., far., Sec. 13; P. O. Fayette; owns 140 acres, valued at $4,200 ; bom in Elk- hart Co., Ind., in 1830 ; came to this county in 1865. Married Elias Hock- ert, La Grange Co., Ind., Feb. 15, 1855 ; he was born Feb. 1 , 1828,/ and died March 20, 1866. Mrs. H.'s maiden name was Nelson ; she has one son — Thomas Elton, born April 6, 1858. HOIiMEili, D. A., farmer, Sec. 12, P. 0. Fayette; owns 148 acres, valued at $6,000 ; born in Rensselaer Co., N.Y., Jan. 5, 1834 ; came to this county in 1858. Married Mrs. Angelica N. Holmes in 1863 ; she died Aug. 19, 1867 ; his children by that marriage are S. Kate and Daniel N.; Mrs. Holmes' children lay a former marriage with James A. Holmes are James A. and Lizzie 0. Mr. Holmes married Mrs. Sarah J. Car- ter, June 18, 1869 ; she was born in Cartersville, Oswego Co., N. Y., Aug. 7, 1842; their children are George R., John A. and Ina. The principal pro- duct of his farm is corn, hay and stock. Is a Democrat u nd Protestant. Holmes, S., far., S. 12; P. O. Fayette. Holmes, W., retired, S. 12 ; P. 0. Fayette. Hopkins, A., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Ran- dalia. Hotchkiss, Charles, far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Rami alia. Howard, J. B,, far., S. 14; P. O. Randalia. Hubbard, C. M., far., Sec. 12; P. 0" Randrtlin. HUIiRERT, ALBERT, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Fayette ; owns 13J acres of land, valued at $350 ; was bom in Oswego Co.,' N. Y., May 12, 1850; came to this county in 1857. Married Cordelia S. Hensley Feb. 22, 1873 ; she was born in this county Nov. 1, 1853 ; they have two children living, and one deceased — Plimmon S., born May 16, '1874 ; and Lorena A., born Feb. 19, 1876, whose twin sister, Loretta I., died March 3, 1878, aged 2 years and 12 days. He is a Greenbacker and a member of the United Brethren Church. HUIiS, J. P., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Randalia ; was bom in Yat. s Co., N. Y., Nov. 8, 1834 ; came to this county in 1868. Married Miss M. W. Whit- ney April 2, 1855 ; she was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1835 ; they have five children — Genevieve, Jessie H., James W, Edward E. and John A. He is a Republican and Baptist. Hunter, M. P., farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Randalia. I NNES, RUFDS, farmer. Sec. 27; P.. 0. Randalia. Irish, Frank, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Fayette. Irish, H. H., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Randalia. JAMES, GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Fayette. KNAPP, M., farm laborer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia. Knox, J. R., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Randalia. LEWELLEN, A., farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Randalia. Lewellen, B. M., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Randalia. Louis, J. M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Randalia. LiOOmS, J. P., farmer and teacher. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Fayette ; was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., June 3, 1846 ; came to this county in 1^68. McFADDEN, JAMES P., farmer, S. 14 ; P. 0. Randalia. McFadden, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Rnndalia. McWAUIi, G. li., teacher. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Randalia; born in Claiion Co., Penn., Aug. 21, 1855; came to this county Nov. 14, 1856. Is a Republican. McKfArL, JAMES J., farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. Randalia; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $1,600 ; born 716 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY in Clarion Co., Penn., J-eb. 14, 1847 ; came to ttis county Nov. 14, 1856. Married Miss Mary Howard July 4, 1871 ; she was born in Union Co., Ind., April 5, 1852; they have one child — Willis J., born April' 26, 1874. Is a Republican, ■ Principal product of farm is corn and oats. McNaul, T., P. 0. Randalia. McNaul, Wm., P. 0. Randalia. Mabon, John P., farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Randalia. Mabon, T. C.,far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Randalia. MJlRKHAH. wm., farmer, See. 17 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 210 acres of land, valued at $4,200 ; born in Livings- ton Co., N. Y., May 26, 1818; came to Washington Co., Wis., in 1846, and to this county in 1868. Married Lou- isa Hogan in 1 844 ; has three children —William F., Sylvia J. and C. Delos. Is a Republican and a member of the M. E. Church. Mathews, E., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Randalia. Mathews, H. J. ; P. 0. Randalia. Mathews, H. R., farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Randalia. MINER, F. B., fiumer. Sec. 20; P. 0. Randalia ; owns forty acres of land, valued at $1,200 ; born in Massa- chusetts Oct. 14, 1837 ; moved to Ash- tabula Co., Ohio, with his parents when quite young ; came to this county in 1874. Married Miss Eliza Marvin Feb. 6, 1866 ; they have three chil- dren — Carrie A., Blanche and Ella F. Is a Republican ; Protestant. Mrs. Miner is a member of the Baptist Church. Morrison, H. B., farmer, S. 29 ; P. 0. Randalia. Nelson, Calvin, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Fayette. Noble, J. E., blacksmith, Randalia. ODEKIRK, ALEX., farmer, S. 2; P. 0. Donnan. Odekirk, Edward V., farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Donnan. ODEKIRK, E. P., farmer. Sec. 2; P. 0. Donnan ; owns 145 acres of land, valued at $2,800 ; born in Rens- selaer Co., N. Y., March 30, 1828. Married Adelia Helmer Aug. 13, 1854 ; she was born in St, Lawrence Co., N. Y., Oct. 17, 1839 ; moved to this county in 1868 ; they have five children — Ed- ward v., Hattie M., Dora N., Mattie L. and Stella Aura. Is a Republican and a Baptist. Odekirk, H., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Randalia. Odekirk, Q., far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. Fayette. Odekirk, W., far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. Fayette. O'H AliliORAN, D AWIEL,grain buyer ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns eighty acres of land, valued at $2,000 ; born in Ireland May 25, 1833 ; came to America in 1852, and to this county in 1874. Married Margaret McNamara Jan. 10, 1855 ; she was born in Ireland April 25, 1835 ; they have seven chil- dren — James W., born May 11, 1856,. Michael, born April 11, 1858; Katie E., July 20, 1862 ; Alice E., born July 2, 1864; Daniel, born Sept. 14, 1866; Thomas B., born July 31, 1870, and Francis H., born Dec. 26, 1872. Is a Democrat and Roman Catholic. O'Halloran, Jas. ; P. 0. Randalia. Osborn, J. E. ; P. 0. Randalia. Owen, H., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Randalia. PHELPS, M. L., lumber dealer; P.O. Randalia. PARRETT, AUGUSTUS, farm- er. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Randalia ; born in France Feb. 22, 1840; came to America with his parents when four years of age ^ owns IGOacresof land, valued at $3,500. He enlisted Dec. 23, 1861, in the 4th Minn. V. I., Co. A, for three years ; re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864, and was honor- ably discharged Aug. 6th, 1865 ; partici- pated in thirteen battles, besides skirmish- es, and the siege of Vicksburg. Married Catharine Zerwas April 6, 1864 ; she was born in Utica, N. Y., April 8, 1844 ; they have six children — Louise, Annie, James E., Mertie, Louis, Jennie. Is in politics a Republican. Gilbert Du- rand resides with Mr. Parrett, and is a farmer ; P. 0. Randalia ; bom in Chau- tauqua Co., N. Y., Jan. 11, 1847, and came to this county in 1867. PEPPER, DAJT., farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Randalia ; born in Luzerne Co., Penn., Aug. 3, 1832 ; came to Chicka- saw Co., Iowa, in 1855 ; went to Kan- sas in 1873, where he had his crops devoured three years in suocession,by the grasshoppers ; he returned to Chickasaw County, in 1876 ; remained a year and removed to this county, in 1877, where he now resides ; owns forty acres of land, valued at $800. Married Mary A. CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 717 Koberts Sept. 28, 1859 ; she was born in Main Feb. 7, 1843 ; they have three children— Frank W., Effie M., Nellie F. Is a Republican in politics. Potter, I., farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Randalia. PROCTER, JOH]!ir M., proprietor Randalia Hotel ; P. 0. Randalia ; his accommodations are first-class ; charges moderate ; born in Portage Co., Ohio, June 27, 1832 ; came to this county, in July, 1854. Married Sarah A. Arm- strong March 19, 1857 ; she was born in Ireland in 1842 ; their children are Adam E., Estella M., William R. and Elizabeth E. PuUing,W., farmer, S. 29 ; P. 0. Randalia. RICE, A., Justice of the Peace ; P. 0. Randalia. RASTDAIiL, A. F., Station and Ex- press Agent, Real Estate Agent, Notary Public and Postmaster, dealer in boots • and shoes, with fancy groceries, etc. ; P. 0. Randalia ; bom in Oneida, Madi- son Co., N. Y., March 16, 1836. Mar- ried Addie P. Poland April 29, 1858 ; she was born in Madison Co., N. Y., Nov. 22, 1837 ; came to Iowa Feb. 22, 1861 ; they have one daughter — Belle, born May 16, 18.67. RIFENBVRG, li., livery stable, Randalia ; will carry passengers or ac- commodate traveling men to any part of the country. Was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., March 4, 1830; came to this county in 1861, and to this village in 1875. Married Miss Barbara Hull in April, 1860 ; she was born in Rens- selaer Co , N. Y.; has eight children — William, Ida M., Clara, Ella, Mary, Blanche, Walter and Gracie M. Roberts, Clark ; P. Randalia. Robinson, H. D., laborer, Randalia. Robinson, John G., saloon, Randalia. Robinson, W., far.. Sec. 24; P. O. Fayette. Roe, John, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Fayette. SCHIIIDT, JOSEPH, farmer, S. 29 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns eighty-eight acres of land, valued at $2,000 ; born in Wayne Co., Ohio, Jan. 16, 1832 ; came to this county in 1856. Married Miss Sarah S. Fry Nov., 15, 1859; she was born in Seneca Co., Ohio, May 3, 1845 ; they have four children — Barbara E., born Nov. 16, 1860 ; John A., May 4, 1864; Mary R., Jan. 1, 1868, and Lydia A., Sept. 12, 1870. Is a Repub- lican and member of the United Breth- ren Church. Shafer, D., farm lab., S. 25; P.O. Fayette. Shenaphelp, Albert H., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Randalia. Shierry, John, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Raadalia. Sidman, C. H., retired ; P. 0. Randalia. SIMAR, A. D., far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 160 acre.«, valued at $3,500 ; iDorn in New York State Aug. 19, 1834; came to this county in 1857. Married Miss Elizabeth Scott May 12, 1860 ; she was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, May 31, 1841 ; they have four living children — Minnie L., Harry D., Emma L. and Eugene F.; Frank E. died aged 4 years, 6 months and 9 days. Mr. S. is a Republican and Spiritualist. Sinnet, Pat, far., S. 4 ; P, 0. Randalia. Sinnet, Wm., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Randalia. Smirl, Geo., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Randalia. Smith, C. W., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Randalia. Smith, M., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Randalia. Snider, S. A., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Randalia. Staples, A. P., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Randaha. Staples, Alex. L., farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Randalia. STAPIiES, A. M., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 40 acres of land, valued at $800 ; was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., Oct. 24, 1832; came to this county in l'-58. Married Mary A. Rogers Feb. 20, 1868 ; she was born in Brownsville, Jefferson Co., N. Y., March 20, 1842 ; they have three chil- dren—Willis W., born Oct. 18, 1871 ; Laura B., born Aug. 3, 1873; and Bruce F., born July 23, 1877. Is In- dependent in politics and religion. Staples, D. D. T., farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Maynard. Staples, G. A., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Randalia. Staples, S., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Randalia. Stevens, E. L., farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia. Stevens, P., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Randalia. StiUwell, A. P. Stroud, H. A., physician, Randalia. Sullivan, D., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Randalia. Sykes, A., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Fayette. Sykes, B., retired ; S. 56 ; P. 0. Payette. THOMPSON, OLDEN, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Randalia. TTRHrER, CHARIiES W., farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia ; owns 173 acres of land, valued at $4,000 ; 718 DIRECTORY OF FATETTE COUNTY: is a son of C. B. and Huldah E. Tur- ner, who were married in Livirigston Co., N. Y., June 31, 1841 ; his father died Aug. 10, 1877 ; his mother still lives with her sods ; is in her 66th year. Mr. Turner was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., June 9, 1812 ; he came to this county in 1 870. He is a Democrat. Turner, 'H., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Randalia. Turner, J., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Randalia. Turner, J. L., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Randalia. Turner, J. W., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Randalia. Turner, L. H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Randalia. JTXDERWOOD, ST. B., mer- KJ chant, Randalia ; was born in Bos- ton, Mass., July 2, 1840 ; came to this county in 1874. Married Emeline Teets February, 1867 ; she was a na- tive of McGregor, Iowa; died Feb. 19, 1876 ; has four children — Herbert P., Jennette S , Mprtie M. and Albert C. ^7 AN BOGART, CORNELIUS, Sr , V retired, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Donnan. Van Bogart, C. Jr., far. S. 2 ; P. 0. Don- nan. VAN BOGART, ORMrS, cheese maker, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Diinnan ; born in Washington Co., N. Y., in 1813 ; is the son of Cornelius Van Bogart, now re- siding with him ; is in his 99th year ; was born in 1780 ; was in the war of 1812 ; served under Col. Pliny P. Adams, of Hampton N. Y. ; enlisted in a rifle company, under Capt. Martin Lee, of GranviiUe, N. Y; was married to Phebe Hyde in 1806 ; she was born May 19, 1789, in Hampton, N. Y., and died in 1822. The subject of thi» sketch married Caroline Pearce May 1 5, 1833 ; she was the daughter of Jesse J. and Roxanna Pearce and was born in Hampton Jan. 26, 1817 ; her father died in Whitehall, N. Y.,in 1830 ; her mother died in Walworth Co., Wis., in 1867 ; her grandparents were Shubel and An- nie Pearce ; the children of Mrs. 0. Van Bogart are William W., born July 30, 1 836 ; Annie J., born July 27, 1838 ; Marion, born March 6, 1840 ;; Benjamin P., born June 26, 1842 ; E izabeth A., died Jan. 8, 1856, in her tenth year ; Oscar died in the Pall of 1846, aged 6 months ; Orlando, born Dec. 26, 1848; Phebe, born May 26, 1850 ; Cornelius, born May 26, 1852 ; Jesse J., ,born April 26, 1854 ; Bertie B., born in Sept., 1856; Charles, bom April 26, 1858; Pizort Zeroy, died Jan., 1875, aged 30 years. Mr. Van B. is a Republican. Van Side, J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Donnan. Vawser, John, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Donnan. Van-yc!e. P. 0. Donnan. Vought, J. C, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Randalia. WALKER, ALBERT, boots and shoes, Randalia. Watts, W. N., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Randalia. Whight, Jno., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Randalia. Woolsey, P., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette. Wright, John, far.j S. 8 ; P. 0. Randalia. YOCK, C, farmer, S. 12; P. 0. Fayette. PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. ABBEY, JOHN, furniture dealer; P. 0. Elgin. Abbey, Thos., furniture; P. 0. Elgin. Abraham, Jacob., Sec. 12; P. 0. Elgin. Adams, Chas., far.. Sec. 9; P. 0. Elgin. Albright, Louis, laborer. P. 0. Elgin. Alexander, C. B., blksmth. ; P. 0. Lutra. ALEXANDER, JNO. T., black- smith; P. O. Lutra; born in Gossport Tp., Owen Co., Ind., Sept. 21, 1828; came to Independence, Iowa, seven years ago ; came to Lutra in 1876. Married Elizabeth Lewis March 11, 1850 ; she was born in Erie Co., N. Y. ; they have had four children ; lost two sons — Volney and Willie; the living are Delia Adelle, born Jan. 16, 1852, and Charley B., born Jan. 31, 1856. Alexander, W.; P. 0. Elgin. AUiman, E. H., carp, and j., P. 0. Elgin. Alney, Wm. ; P. 0. Elgin. Anderson. Brad., ret. far.; P. 0. Elgin. BALDWIN, GEO., farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Elgin. BALDWIN, CHRISTIAN A., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns sixty acres of land in lUyria Tp., and, with the heirs of his father's estate, he PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 119 owns 580 axjres in Pleasant Valley Tp. ; he was born in Cass Co., Mich., April 1, 1844; came with his parents to Stephenson Co., Ill, in July, 1847; in June, 1857, ihey came to present loca- tion. His father, Artema D. Baldwin, was born in New York State, in Dec, 1812; he died May 3, 1874; his widow resides on the old homestead with her sons; her maiden name was Mary A. AUbright; she was born in Tennessee in 1817. Christian A. Baldwin mar- ried Esther A. Cooley, Sept. 7, 1867 ; she was born in Indiana Deo. 14. 1 847 ; they have had seven children ; lost two —Mary M., died Feb. 19, 1870, aged 19 months ; and John A., died Nov. 17, 1869, only 17 days old; the living are, Ellen M., born Oct. 29, 1871 ; Alishie L., born April 12, 1873; Li:ly M., born Sept. 3, 1874; Annie M., born June 2, 1876, and George A., born Oct. 12, 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Baldwin enlisted in Co. H, 38th I. V. I., Sept 3, 1862; was at the siege of yicksburg; he was discharged on account of disability, Oct. 19, 1863. Baldwin, Jno., Lutra grist and saw-mills ; P. 0. Elfiin. Baldwin, J. A., far., S. 23; P. 0. Elgin. Baldwin, 0., teamster ; P. 0. Elfiin. Bale, Chas., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Elgin. B A UDER & FBIEDEBICK S, proprietoi s of billiard bail, aud dealers in wines, beer, liquors, cigars, etc., Elgin. Jacob Bander was born in Switzerland, Aug. 25, 1849 ; came to Elgin in 1865. Married Mary Ann Schori, Feb. 22, 1877 ; she was born in Switzerland. Bauder, G., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. Barlftt, H., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. BEWXETT, WM. W., gunsmith and farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns 123 acres of land; born in Stowe, La Moille Co., Vt., Feb. 14, 1835 ; he spent several years (from 1856 to 1861) on the Pacific coast; in 1862, he came to his present location. He married Mary Stansbery May 8, 1862 ; she was born near Zanesville, Ohio, Sept. 26, 1843 ; they have four sons — George J., born Feb. 5, 1863 ; Ira 0., born June ■26, 1865; Wm. Asa, born Sept. 29, 1868, and Versil E., born Dec. 4, 1873. Berger, Andrew ; P. 0. Elgin. Berger, T. N., photographer, Elgin. Bloomer, 0., Elgin. Buhannan, G. H., far., S. 23 ; P. O. Elgin. Bohanan, G. H., far., 8. 14 ; P. 0. Elgin.. Bohanan, L., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Elgin. Bolegir, T., far., 8. 27 ; P. 0. Elgin. Boon, Al., Elgin. Boon, William M., merchant, Lutra. Boyer, John, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Elgin. BOYEB, JOHBT, Jr., farmer, 8. 8 ;. P. 0. Clermont ; owns 220 acres of land ; was born in Wurtemberg, Germany^ Jan. 18, 1841 ; came to Ohio in 1848 ; lived there until he came here in June, 1855. Hu has been Road Supervisor. Married Elizabeth Ogle; she died in June, 1864 ; has there children by this- marriage — William H., Margaret and Elmer G. Mr. Boyer's present wife was Elizabeth Easterday ; they were married March 12, 1866 ; she was born in Ohio ; they have five children — Ed- ward, John B., Catherine, Alice May and Lester. Boyer, Michael, far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Elgin., Boyle, William, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Elgin. BBACKIDT, JOHX, farmer. Sec. 18; P. O. Elgin; was born Aug. 31,. 1835, in Jeiferson Co., Ohio ; the same year he came, with his parents, to Car- roll Co., Ohio; in 1855, came to Fay- ette Co., Iowa ; in 1858, returned to. Carroll Co., Ohio; in 1861, came to Fayette Co. ; in 1 864, settled on his presi nt farm ; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. Marriid Sarah E._ Butler Jan. 16, 1863; she was born Jan. 1, 1848, in Illinois: have five chil- dren, four living — Rebecca J., born Nov. 12, 1 864 ; Clara B., born Sept. 1, 1870 ; William H., bom April 18, 1873^ Maggie M., born Nov. 5, 1875. Brainard, C. E., farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0.. Brainard. BBAIXABD, BTROX S., mer- chant, Postmaster, agent of the B., C> R. & N. Railway and U. S. Express Co., Brainard ; was born in Rush, Monroe Co., N.Y.,Aug. 31,1826; removed to Frmk- lin, Oakland Co., Mich., in 1844 ; resided there three years ; then went to Hamil- ton, Upper Canada ; remained there three years ; th( n went to Ohio ; lived there and in New York State until 1856. when he came te Linn Co., Iowa; lived in Chicago from 1863 to 1866 ; 720 DIRECTOEY OP FAYETTE COUNTY: returned to Linn Co., Iowa, in 1868 ; carried on saw and flouring-mills in that county six years ; came to Fayette Co., in 1873 ; he was the contractor for the construction of twenty-five miles of i the B., C. E. & N. Railway. Married | Philanda L. Porter Jan. 4, 1849 ; she was born in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., Feb. 10, 1830 ; they have had three children, lost one daughter — Ella C, born May 3, 1856, died April 26, 1871 ; the living are Clarence E., born Dec. 3, 1852, and Edward C, born Oct. 13, 1863. Mr. and Mrs. Brainard are members of the Presbyterian Church. Brandis, Henry, laborer ; P. 0. Elgin. Brown, John, laborer ; P. 0. Brainard. Bumgardner, L. ; P. 0. Elgin. Bunkey, Peter, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Elgin. Burke, A. J., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. Burkey, Sam., fdr., Sec. 24; P. 0. Elgin. BrBNETT, AAROW, firm of Necklous & Burnett, stave factory, Lutra ; P. 0. Elgin ; born Jan. 12, 1846, in Hamilton Co., Ind. ; in 1855, cametoVanBuren Co., Mich. ; in 1866, came to Boscobel, Wis. ; in 1874, re- moved to Elgin, and commenced his present business. Married Ellen Reger Feb. 10, 1864 ; she was born Dec. 11, 184Y, in Indiana; have three children — Emma, Martha and Harry. Are mem- bers of M. E. Church. Butler, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Brainard. CAIN, WM., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. CAIiliEJVDEK, ED]tIU]Kiri> M., agent of the B., C. R. & N. Railway Co., Elgin ; born in Luzerne Co., Penn., March 27, 1851 ; parents removed to Boone Co., 111., in 1854; in the Spring of 1856, came to Chickasaw Co., Iowa ; came to Elgin in Sept., 1872. He has been agent for the Railway Co. ever since that time. He is Town Clerk and Secretary of the School Board. Married Esther L. Miller Dec. 23, 1873 ; she was born in this township Dec. 9, 1857 ; they have had three children, and lost one daughter Flora A,, who died Jan. 'J-i, 1875 ; the living are Ada A., born July 12, 1876, and Nellie A., born Jan. 19 1878 CAIiliESfDEB, J. W., Principal of the Elgin Public Schools ; born in Union Tp., Luzerne Co., Penn., Nov. 1, 1843 ; removed with his parents to Boone Co., 111., in 1854; in 1856, came to Chickasaw Co., Iowa ; came to Pa- ette Co., in 1868. He married Sarah E. Gardner, Nov. 18, 1874 ; she was born in Center Co., Penn., June 1, 1847. CAPPER, JOlOr, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Brainard ; born in Carroll Co., Ohio, Oct. 8, 1832 ; came to his pres- ent location Nov. 23, 1854. He and his mother own 160 acres of land. He was Township Assessor five years, and has held offices of Township Trustee, and various other positions. Married Dorrinda Brooks ; she was born in Car- roll Co., Ohio, Feb. 13, 1833 ; they have had eight children, and lost two daughters — Susan M. (Mrs. Patterson), died Aug. 2, 1875, age 20 years ; Hen- rietta, died March 15, 1872, aged 5 years, 3 months and 13 days ; the living are Thomas J., born Feb. 11, 1857 ; Elsie J., born Dec. 14, 1858 ; Cassius H., born June 23, 1861 ; Ed- ward D., born May 20, 1864 ; Maggie A. born Jan 12, 1870, and James C, born June 23, 1874. CARPENTER, ElilSHA, R., of the firm of Dowse & Miller, proprie- tors of flouring-mill ; born in EUen,- burg, Clinton Co., N. Y., Jan. 15, 1833 ; removed to West Union Sept., 1856 ; for about eleven years, he was engaged in teaching school during the Winters; frnm 1858 to 1860, he was in the drug business at Auburn, this county ; in 1862, he came to Elgin ; he has been engaged in milling here ever since that time ; banking for several years ; he is Vice President of the Citi- zens' Savings Bank . Previous to the in- corporation of this bank, he was associ- ated with P. Dowse, jr., 0. P. Miller, and J. A. Hoagland, in private bank- ing ; he was Justice of the Peace four years ; he is now Grand Receiver for Iowa, of the Ancient Order of United Workingmen. Mr. Carpenter married Annie Dowse Sept. 11, 1860 ; she was born in England ; they have two chil- dren — Edith May, and Roy D. CARPEXTER, MIWER W., farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Kirtland, Lake Co., Ohio, Feb. '20, 1837 ; removed with his parents to Sheridan, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 721 1838 ; came to Pleasant Valley Tp., in 1866; owns 110 acres of land. Mr. Carpenter has been engaged in farming and teaching school since he came here ; has taught eleven terms ; was Township Assessor three years ; has been School Director, Road Supervisor, etc. He married Elnora Emmons April 16, 1863 ; she was born in Arkwright, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in June, 1840 ; they have had seven children, and lost one, which died in infancy ; the living are Daniel S., born July 18, 1867 ; Wilton M., born Sept. 18, 1868 ; Helen L., born May 29, 1870 ; John L., born Feb. 3, 1871 ; Annie, born Aug. 12, 1875 ; and Carlie, born Dec. 16, 1876. Chappy, G., farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Elgin. Christ, John, P. 0. Elgin. Chultz, C, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Elgin. Clark, E., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Brainard. Clark, Isaac, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Elgin. CLARK, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P.O. Elgin ; owns seventy acres ; born in Marion Tp., Delaware Co., Ohio ; March 12, 1852, came to Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1^61 ; resided there until he came to Pleasant Valley in 1873. He married Louisa Schopp July 2, 1873; she was born near Ossian, Winnesheik Co., Iowa, Jan. 14, 1858. They have one son — Andrew Jackson Clark, born Feb. 1, 1875. Clark, S., far., S. 33; P. 0. Elgin. Conner, Benj., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Elgin. Conner, David, far.. S. 23 ; P. 0. Elgin. Conner, G-eo., far.. S. 23; P. 0. Elgin. Conner, Delos, Elgin. Conner, Isaac, S. 28; P.O. Elgin. Conner, Isaac N., far., S. 32; P. O.Elgin. Conner, Jos., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Elgin. Conner, John; far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Elgin. CONIITEB, MATTHEW, of the firm of Conner & Baldwin, proprietors of Elgin Livery Stable ; born in Ham- ilton Co., lud., Nov. 8, 1835 ; removed to Greene Co., Wis., in 1838; came to this township in 1854 ; he has been engaged in farming most of the time since he came here. He married Amelia B. Baldwin; she was born in New York ; they have two adopted children — Matthew Leroy and Laura Ettie. Mr. C. is the owner of several fine stall- ion-^Norman, Clydesdale, French and Morgan stock. COKTSrEB, SAmrEL, merchant Lutra ; born in Galleo Co., Ohio,May 6, 1819; his parents removed to Hamilton Co., Ind., in Oct. 1819; resided there and in Madison Co., Ind., until 1840 ; then came to Greene Co., Wis.; came to Pleasant Valley and located claims in July, 1848 ; removed with his family in Aug., 1848; he built a saw-mill in 1849; a grist-mill in 1854, and carding works in 1856. Mr. Conner was en- gaged in hotel business in Elgin for a great number of years, at the same time farming ; he sold his hotel four- teen years ago, but has always been en- gaged in farming, with the exception of a few years when he was in the milling business ; he owns 200 acres of land in Sec. 14, thjs township. He was for many years Postmaster, and has held various township office^. He is a mem- ber of the firm of Dimond, Conner & Co., proprietors of the Lutra Flouring Mills, Benjamin Dimond of this firm, was born in Pennsylvania, and came here in the Spring of 1849 ; he and Mr. Conner have been associated in business together ever since that time. Mr. D. is now a resident of Kansas, but still remains in the partnership with Mr. C. Mr. Conner's first wife was Jane Hart- court ; they were married in April, 1840 ; she died in October, 1842 ; his present wife was Marilla Howard. They were married Feb. 23, 1852 ; she was born in Crawford Co., Pfflmsylvania, June 1, 1826 ; they have nad seven children ; three died in infancy ; one son — Harry, died Oct. 11, 1868, aged 8 years and 6 months; the living are Almira, now Mrs. William M. Boon ; Deloss M. and Ada A. Conrad, M. W., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Elgin. Cook, J. S. B., Elgin. COOLEY, CHARIiES W., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns ninety-five acres ; Mr. Cooley was born on the farm where he now resides, Feb. 27, 1851. Married Rosalie Patterson Jan. 13, 1868; she was born in Wagner Tp., Clayton Co., Iowa, Sept, 5, 1849 ; they have had five children ; lost one daugh- ter — Lillian E.; she was born Aug. 13, 1871, and died March 13, 1872; the living are Van Allen, born May 20, 1869 ; Estella V., born March 3, 1873 ; 10 722 DIRECTOEY OF FAYETTE CODNTY: Mabel M.,born Feb. 15, 1875, andWill- iam Adrian, born Jan. 23, 1877. COOLEY, JAMES C., dealer in sewing machines and musical instru- ments, Elgin ; born near LaPorte, Ind., June 5, 1845 ; came to Iowa with his parents in Nov., 1850. Mr. C. enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, in Co. H, 38th I. V. I.; was mustered out in Sept., 1865; he has been School Director two years. He married Sarah A. Patterson, Jan. 12, 1868 ; she was born in Wagner Tp., Clayton Co., Iowa, June 3, 1851 ; they have one child — James William, born March 6, 1877. Mrs. Cooley is a mem- ber of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Cooley's mother is still living ; her maiden name was Sarah M. Albright; she was born in Ohio ; his father, John W. Cooley, was born in Virginia ; he died in 1857. ' CRAFT, JOHN H., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard ; owns the northeast quarter of Sec. 30, and twenty acres in west half of the northeast quarter of the south- east quarter of the same section ; born at Muncy Creek, Lycoming Co., Penn., Jan. 4, 1819; removed to Greenbrier Co., W. Va., in 1839 ; resided there until the Fall of 1845, when he went to Kane Co., 111. ; removed to his present location in the Fall of 1851 ; he was in the tannery business in Virginia ; has engaged in farming since he came West. He has held various Town' and District offices. Married Rebecca S. Peters July 28, 1842 ; she was born in Mon- roe Co., W. Va., Aug. 16, 1822 ; they have had eleven children, one son died in infancy ; those living are Henry S., born Feb. 12, 1845; Samuel A., born Nov. 8, 1846 ; Margaret E., born Dec. 16, 1848 ; Mary Ann, born July 27 ; Sarah J., born April 27, 1854; Jerusha C, Urn Feb. 27, 1856 ; John A., born Feb. 9, 1859; Clara J., b. rn June 19, 1869 ; Rebecca Luella, born March 26, 1863, and Charles N., born Nov. 16, 1864. Craft, Henry, far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. Craft, Samuel, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. Crandall, David, far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. CRAJf DALL, D. H., farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Elgin ; bom May 23, 1830, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; in 1847, went to Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. ; in 1854,. came to Fayette Co., Iowa ; in 1865, re- moved to his present farm ; owns 160 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Rosa A. Barnes March 16, 1852 ; she- was born Aug. 30, 1834, in New York ; had five children, four living — W. H., Walter D., Ellsworth W., and Elmer F. Grossman, S. A., Elgin. y\EAN, M., Elgin. DAVENPORT, ASA A., far., S, 30 ; 40 acres in S. 31 ; P. O. Brainard; born in Massena, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Dec. 6, 1825 ; when he was 22 years of age, he removed to Vermont; resided there two years, and then returned to St. Lawrence, where he remained about two years, then went to Seward Tp., Winnebago Co., 111., where he resided fifteen years. He enlisted in Co. B, 74th I. V. I., in Sept., 1862 ; discharged Feb. 26, 1865. In the Fall of 1865, he went to Chicago, where he lived one year, and then went to Three Oaks, where he lived until 1867, and then re- turned to Winnebago Co., 111. ; in March, 1868, he went to Buchanan Co., Iowa; came to his present location in the Spring of 1874. He married Martha M. Newton Jan. 22, 1848 ; she was born in Chateaugay, Franklin Co., N. Y., Jan. 10, 1826 ; they have had three children, lost one son — Carlton A., born Nov. 9, 1852, died Feb. 11, 1869; Lil- lian M. (now Mrs. Geo. K. Minor), born April 17, 1855, and Charles J., born July 4, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. Daven- port, are members of the Free-Will Bap- tist Church. DESART, WESLiEY, farmer, lime dealer and cooper. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Elgin; born April 22, 1840, in Stephen- son Co., III. ; in 1848, went to Greene Co., Wis; in 1855, came to Fayette Co., and settled on his present farm in 1870 ; owns 105 acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married Mary J. Whiting Nov. 8, 1868 ; she was born March 24, 1850, in Illinois ; have three children — Adda May, Jasper A. and Bertha Maud. En- listed in Co. E, 9th I. V. L; served three years and was honorably discharged ; then re-enlisted in Co. K, 2d Regiment of Hancock's Corps, and PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 723 remained to the close of the war. His grandfather died at the age of 82 years, in Indiana; he was a Methodist minister, and had a charge in New York as well as other places. Deary, James, Elgin. Diamond, Benj., far., S. 15; P. 0. Elgin. Diamond, Gib., Elgin. Dickerson, W.,far., S. 32; P. 0. Brainard. Doon, Gerome, far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Bl^in. DOADTE, GEORGE MAISOX, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns house and three lots in Elgin ; born in Winnebago Co., 111., Sept. 27, 1848 ; when he was about a year old, his par- entsTnoved to Spring Valley Tp., Greene Co., Wis. ; came to Pleasant Valley, Fay- ette Co., Iowa, in 1860. Mr. Doane married Marilla M. Parker June 29, 1869; she was born in Pennsylvania March 8, 1 849 ; they have three chil- dren ; one son, Morrell, died at the age of 15 months; theliving are George M., born Aug. 1, 1870, and Mary G., bom May 23, 1874. DOANE, MATTHEW, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns 100 acres of land; he was born in Canada West June 30, 1812 ; removed to"" Michigan in 1831 ; moved to Winnebago Co., 111., in 1847 ; from there to Greene Co., Wis., in 1849 ; came to Pleasant Valley in 1860. His first wife was Magdalena Seger ; she died in 1840 ; they had six children, one died in infmcy and one son, Thomas K., died in the army dur- ing the late rebellion; the living are John G., Mary Ann, Sarah Catherine and Malvina. Mr. Doane's present wife was Triphena J. Albright ; the children by this marriage now living are Martha E., Matthew C, George Mason, William H., Jerome M., Emma J., James E., Nancy A., Ellen G. and Thurlow ; they have lost the following named children — Christian A., died in the army, and Linford ; one died in in- fancy. Mrs. Doane is a member of the M. E. Church. Doane, Thos., 8. 32 ; P. O. Brainard. Dowen, P., Jr., flour mill ; Elgin. Duley, John, farmer, S. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin. TT^ASTMAN, OLIVER, Elgin. Elliott, G. H., grain dealer ; P. 0. Elgin. Bmira, B. F., Elgin. Enos, Erastns, Elgin. Etler, John, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Elgin. Evenson, Andrew, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Elgin. Everson, Ole, far., 8. 1 ; P. 0. Clermont. "rpERN, W., Elgin. Finch, C. C, far., 8. 31 ; P. 0. Brainard. Foil, John, Elgin. Foster, D. 0., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Elgin. Fowler, Addison P., druggist, Elgin. FOX, C. N., farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns about 120 acres ; born in Meriden, Delaware Co., N. Y., Aug. 5, 1826; moved to Chester, Geauga Co., Ohio, in May, 1835; resided there until 1844, when he removed to Boone Co., 111., where he lived until he came to Clayton Co., Iowa (near Strawberry Point), in 1855; remained there one year, then went to Hardin, Allamakee Co., Iowa, where he resided about two years ; came to Pleasant Valley in 1858. He has been Town Clerk, Township Trustee and has held various other positions. Married Rebecca E. Babcock March 8, 1854 ; she was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, March 28, 1837 ; they have had seven children, one died in infancy; the living are Edward N., Ora A., Carrie J., Allen H., Anna, Delora and Charles A. Mr. and Mrs. Fox are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Fox, Ed., Elgin. Foxnell, T. H., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Elgin. Freedeu, Benj., S. 24; P. 0. Elgin. Frederick, John, Elgin. FREITAG, AlJGrST, of the firm of Pfarrer, Freitag & Co., proprie- tors of the Pleasant Valley Flouring and Saw Mills, See. 22; P. 0. Elgin ; born in Prussia Aug. 14, 1843 ; came to Prairie Du Chien, Wis., in 1867 ; he went to Guttenberg, Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1867; removed to Garnavillo in 1869, and to Wagner Township, Clayton Co., in 1870; was there two years, then came to Elgin ; was in Dowse's Mill 2i years, and in Septem- ber, 1877, went into the Pleasant Val- ley Mills, where he now is. He married Anna Hamilton in February, 186S ; she was born in Clayton Co., Iowa; they have four children — Anna, Her- man, Louis and August. Jr. Mr. F. is a Lutheran. 724 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: FOIiLETT, EDWIN R., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Clermont; owns 189 acres in Sec. I, 243 acres in Sec, 2, 80 acres in Sec. 9, 80 acres in Sec. 11, and 40 acres in Sec. 12, making a total of 629 acres ; he is a large stock raiser. Mr. F. was born in Madison Townshijf, Lake Co., Ohio, Sept. 8, 1826 ; came to Michigan in 1833 ; came to Winnesheik Co. in 1839, to Clayton Co. in 1841, and to present location in 1861. He married Olive R. Angell July 4, 1853 ; she was born in Erie Co., Penn., March 4, 1835. They have four children — ^Helen, Ida E., Edwin M. and Henry. Mr. F. has held vari- ous oflSces. Follet, John, Elgin. Follet, 0.. Elgin. FOBBEiS, DAVIB O., farmer, Sec. 14 ;■ P. 0. Elgin ; owns eighty acres of land ; born in Greene Co., Wis., April 3, 1841 ; removed to this town- ship in 1849. Mr. F. served in Co. C, 12th I. V. I. He married Mary Ann Waterworth Deo. 13, 1865 ; she was born in Yorkshire, Eng., May 6, 1848 ; they had five children, two died in infancy ; the living are Alta E., born May 4, 1868; Marriette E., Feb. II, 1870, and Almira A., June 20, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Forbes are mem- bers of the Weslnyan Methodist Church. FBIEDEBICKS, JOHN, was bom in Switzerland Feb. 17, 1849; came to Iowa in 1871 ; came to Elgin in 1872. Fritz, August, Elgin. Fritz, G., far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. Frothingham, D., Elgin. Funk, W. H., Elgin. Furgerson, F. F., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Elgin. r^ ABLE, CHARLES, Elgin. Gage, B. M., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. Gage, Harrison, Elgin. Gartner, Phillip, Elgin. Gardner, W. W., Elgin. Gates, Samuel, Elgin. Gilbert, E. H., Elgin. Gillet, A. S., Elgin. Gilson, 0. L., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Brainard. GBAFF, GEOBC^E, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns eighty acres of land ; was born in Baden, Germany, Feb. 18, 1828; came to Peoria, Illi- nois, in November, 1854 ; came to Pleasant Valley in May, 1856. He married Carolina Guldenger Aug. 27, 1 858 ; she was born in Switzerland Jan. 10, 1828; they have had seven children, two died in infancy ; the liv- ing are George, Jr., born Oct. 18, 1860; John, born Nov. 15, 1862; Mary, born Feb. 5, 1865 ; Lydia, born May 23, 1868 ; and Carolina, born Oct. 4, 1872. Mrs. GraflF is a member of Baptist Church. Graham, C, Elgin. Graham, C. G., Elgin. Gruver, A. J., Elgin. GBUVEB, JOHN A., Justice of the Peace, Lutra ; P. 0. Elgin ; was born in Chambersburg, Penn., Jan. 4, 1826 ; removed to Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1832 ; resided there until 1852, when he came to West Union, this county. Married Elizabeth Borland Jan. 1, 1846 ; she was born in Rowsburg, Ohio, April 12, ] 827 ; they have had nine children ; lost one son and two daughters — Albert, Minnie J. and Em- ma ; the living are — William J., Martha A., Allen J., Chai-lie H., Ulysses Grant and Burton C. Mr. and Mrs. Gruver are members of the M. B. Church. GBOTEWOliB, HENBY, farm er. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Clermont ; owns 139 acres of land ; was born in Bremen, Germany, April 14, 1887 ; came to Free- port, 111., in 1851 ; returned to Ger- many in 1856, and in 1858, came to .Fayette Co., Iowa, where he has resided ever since. Married Salome Bartholo- mae March 31, 1860 ; she was born in Alsace, France, Jan. 16, 1840; they have eleven children — Louis, Sophia, Gesine, William, George, Christian, Louise, Henry, Jr., Salome, Charles and Frank. Mr. Grotewold is a member of German Reformed Church ; Mrs. G. be- longs to the Lutheran Church. Grotewold, Salem, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Elgin. Gunderson, J., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Clerment. Guyse, J. E., Elgin. HABERGER, ANDREW, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Elgin. HABEBG^EB, CHBISTIAN, farmer; P. 0. Elgin. Mr. Haberger conducts his father's farm of 200 acres; was born in Pleasant Valley Town- PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 725 ship Aug. 21, 1856. Married Louisa Pfarrer February 4, 1877 ; she was born in Elkader, Clayton Co., Iowa ; they have one child — Louis, born Nov. 9, 1877. Hack, C, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Elgin. Hale, G. P., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. O. Elgin. HAmMOXD, HEllifRY C, editor and publisher of the Elgin Times ; born in Pennsylvania June 15, 1844 ; moved to Madison Co., N. Y. ; came to Fred- ericksburg, Chickasaw Co., Iowa, in May. 1873 ; removed to Greene, Butler Co., Iowa, July 1, 1873; came to Elgin in June, 1875 ; he has been in the news- paper business ever since he came to Iowa. Mr. Hammond married Amor- ette A. Brown Nov. 1, 1870 ; she was born in Georgetown, Madison Co., N. Y., Oct. 31, 1846 ; they have had two children, and one daughter, died in in- fancy ; their son is Fred. W.,born July 21, 1872. Hammond, J. M.,far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Elgin. Hass, Ulrich ; P. 0. Elgin. Hassler, Chas., farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Brainard. Hassler, Geo., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Elgin. HASSLrEB, HEXRY, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Clermont; born in Dauphin Co., Penn., Feb. 7, 1827 ; moved to Erie Co., Penn., in 1829 ; lived there until 1869, when he came to his present location ; he owns 120 acres of land. Married Fannie Taunt April 5, 1852 ; she was born in Pennsylvania in 1834 ; they have had five children, and lost one son, and one daughter — Sarah J. and Willie J. ; the living are, George H., born Nov. 7, 1853; Charles A., born Jan. 13, 1855, and James E., born Deo. 18, 1859. Mr. Hassler has been Koad Supervisor. Hassler, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Brainard. Hatfield, H. C. ; P. 0. Elgin. HAZI.ETT, JAS. HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Elgin ; born in Mercer Co., Penn., March 19, 1837; came with his parents to Pleasant Valley, in 1854 ; he has lived in this township ever since ; owns 40 acres of land. Has been School Director, Eoad Supervisor, etc. He married Elizabeth Forbes Nov. 10, 1857 ; she was born in Greene Co., Wis., Aug. 18, 1837 ; thej have had • seven children, and lost two sons — Les- ter M., born July 11, 1862, and died Dec. 13, 1862; one died in infancy; the living are Emmet E., born Jan. 29, I860.; Louisa I., born Aug. 30. 1864 ; Samuel K., born Dec. 23, 1867 ; Catha- rine E., born March 10, 1870, and Orpha, born Dec. 8, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Hazlett are members of the Wes- leyan Methodist Church. Healey, V. C, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin. Hess, B., farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Elgin. Hill,D., farmer, Sec. 21; P. 0. Elgin. Hill, J. W., farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin. Hiltbrunner, Chris.; P. 0. Elgin. HDLTBRUXIVER, J., dealer in stoves, tinware, etc., Elgin ; born in Swit- zerland May 29, 1822; came to America in April, 1867. Married Mary Kiesen Oct. 11, 1850; she was born in Swit- zerland July 1, 1829 ; they have had nine children, and lost seven ; one died in infancy ; the following is a list of the others who have died— John, Christian, Kudolph, Mary, Mary (two of the same name), and Gotfried ; the only ones now living are Eosa and Joel. Mr. and Mrs. Hiltbrunner are members of the Baptist Church. Hilleman, John, P. 0. Elgin, HYDE, JOHN T., farmer. Sec. 5 ; P.O. Clermont; born- on Prince Ed- ward Island Oct. 27, 1830; removed to Iowa Co., Wis., in 1852 ; came to present location in Oct., 1867 ; he owns 85 acres of land. He enlisted in Co. F, First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, Sept. 5, 1864, and was mustered out June 26, 1865. Married Clarissa A. Billington Feb. 20, 1855 ; she was born in Mont- gomery Co., N. Y., Dec 6, 1831 ; they have had three children, and lost one son — Byron E., who died Aug. 11, 1874, aged 16 years and four months; the living are Thomas G., born Jan. 14, 1856, and John E., born July 1, 1862. HOELZER, AUGUST , proprietor of meat market, billiard hall and saloon, Elgin; born in Germany July 17, 1840; came to Elgin Nov. 2, 1868. Married Hannah Trumbold Aug. 22, 1877. Hopkins, 0. ; P. 0. Elgin. Hosford, John, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Clermont. Howard, John, far., S. 33; P. 0. lUyria. Howard,;Thos., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. lUyria. Hoxer, Jacob ; P. 0. Elgin. Humphrey, W., far., S. 33; P. 0. Illyria. 726 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : I SLEH, JACOB; P. 0. Elgin. Isleh, John ; P. 0. Elgin. TENNINGS, D. S.; P. 0. Elgin. JACH, JOHBiT, farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Brainard ; owns forty acres of land; born in Prussia, Feb. 8, 1822; came to Ohiio, near Cleveland, in 1852; lived there eight years ; then came to Westfield Tp. ; he has lived in Fayette County ever since. Married Caroline Switzer Sept. 2, 1855 ; she was born in Hanover, Germany, March 14, 1832 ; they have had eight children ; two died in infancy ; the living are John, Jr., born July 22, 1857 ; Coroline, born June 30, 1859 ; Henry, born A.pril 18, 1861; Emma, born Nov. 23, 1864; Alvina, born Feb. 26, 1868, and Albert, born Feb. 2, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Jach are members of the Lutheran Church. Jolinson, H., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Elgin. Jubb, W. H., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Brainard. KELLY, MARTIN ; farmer, P. 0. Elgin. Kempthorn, Samuel ; P. 0. Elgin. Kengan, Jas., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Elgin. Kentz, Geo. ; P. 0. Elgin. KERN, AWTONE, saloon and bil- liards, Lutra ; P. 0. Elgin ; born Feb. 27, 1822, in France; in 1855, came to Fayette Co. ; owns 1 53 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. Married Sa- loma Miller Feb. 5, 1851 ; she was born Aug. 1, 1829, in France; had ten children, five living — Louis, Mary, Amelia, Magdalene and William. Mrs. Kern is a member of the Roman Catho- lic Church. Kerns, Samuel, Elgin. Klock, G. S., grocer, Elgin. Klock, Henry, woolen-mill, Elgin. Knapp, CM.; P. 0. Elgin. Kohler, Benj., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Elgin. Kohler, Jacob, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Elgin. Koppong, John, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Elgin. Koppany, Peter, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Clermont. AUGHLIN, PAT. ; P. 0. Elgin. L' Lash, Joseph ; P. 0. Elgin. Leach, F. M. ; P. 0. Elgin. Lehman, Benj., far., Sec. 25; P. 0. Elgin. liEHMAXN, BEXEDICHT, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns eighty acres of land in Sec. 24, eighty acres in Sec. 25, thirteen acres in Sec. 26 ; he was born in Switzerland in Sept., 1832; came to this country in 1852. Married Ann Elizabeth Leh- man ; she was born in Switzerland in Dec, 1837 ; they have nine children — Louisa, born April 22, 1856; Emil, born May 18, 1857 ; Lydia, born Dec. 28, 1858; John, born Aug. 4, 1861; Louis, born Feb. 15, 1864; William, born Aug. 12, 1866; Caroline, born Sept. 7, 1869; Edward, born March 2, 1874, and Benjamin Robert, born Sept. 20, 1876. Lehman. John, far., S. 24; P. 0. Elgin. liEHMAN, DAVID, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Elgin ; born in Switzerland, March 1, 1839; came to this coun- try in 1852. He married Rosa Schorl; she died April 14, 1873; they had one child — Mary, born Dec. 14, 1871 ; she is now living. liEHMASr, NICHOLAS, far., Sec. 13; P.O. Elgin; bom in Switzerland in 1848 ; came to this country in 1852. liEHHtAN, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns 200 acres ; born in Switzerland in 1806. He married Mary Miller ; they have had thirteen children ; lost one daughter ; the living are Magdalena, Benedicht, John,Jacob, Ann, David, Peter, Fred, Christian, Mary, Nicholas and Rudolph. liEHMAN, JOHN, dealer in lum- ber, sash, doors and blinds ; born in Switzerland, Dec. 1, 1833 ; came to this country in 1852. He is Township Col- lector; has been Road Supervisor. Married Elizabeth Kohler Sept. 4, 1854 ; she was born in Switzerland. They have had nine children ; lost one son — Albert; he died in 1868, aged SJ years ; the living are John, George, Ella, Louisa, Frederick, Lena, Cecelia and one infant daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Lehman are members of the Lutheran Church. Lehman, Jacob, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Elgin. liEHlIAN, BROS., manufacturers of wagons, Elgin ; Christopher Lehman, born in Switzerland Feb. 26, 1845 ; came tot his township in 1852 ; came to the village of Elgin in 1864. Married Mary Single Oct. 21, 1871 ; she was born in Germany; they have two children — Lula.and Edith. PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 727 liEHMAN, PETER, bom in Switzerland June 8, 1840 ; came to this township in 1852 ; came to the village of Elgin in 1857. Married Mary Miller Jan. 8, 1867 ; she was born in Switzer- land; they have three children — Esther, Mollie and Ida. Levder, E. 0., Elgin. XtBIir, EVAjr E., of the firm of Lien & Thoma, general merchants, Elgin ; born in Norway June 20, 1836 ; came to Clayton, Iowa, in 1857; engaged in fajrming until he came to Elgin, in 1872; since then he has been in present busi- ness. He is a Stockholder and Direc- tor in the Citizens' Savings Bank, School Trustee, &c. He owns a farm of 223 acres in Marion Tp., Clayton Co., Iowa. Married Carrie Olson March 8, 1866; she was born in Norway ; they have six children ; two died in infancy ; the living are Wole E., Mile, Albert and Emma Julia. Mr. and Mrs. Lien are members of the Lutheran Church. Lien, S. H., Elgin. XIGHT, ALiBERT, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns 140 acres ; born in Clayton Co., Iowa, Jan. 3, 1856. He married Louisa Hunsberger Sept. 17, 1877 ; she was born in Pleasant Valley Tp., Nov. 25, 1859. Mr. Light's father's name was Jacob ; lie came here about thirty years ago, and died July 6, 1876 ; his mother, Magdalena Light, died Dec. 11, 1876. Logan, I., Elgin. Lett, F. H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Elgin. Lott, T. B., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Elgin. Lyon, L. B., Elgin. Lyon, W. A., Elgin. MoAETHUR, JOHN, S. 29; P.O. Brainard. McGafferty, E., S. 34 ; P. 0. Elgin. McGuire, John, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Elgin. McKeller, P., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. McIHILIiAN, JOH]*, dealer in lumber, sash, doors and blinds, and man- ufacturer of the Elgin White Lime ; born in Monroeville Tp., Huron Co., 0., Dec. 19, 1822 ; parents moved to Seneca Co., 0., in 1824 ; they went to Wood Co. in 1835 ; lived there until Nov. 9, 1846, when they removed to Janesville, Wis.; resided there until May 22, 1851, when he came to lUyria Tp., Fayette Co., Iowa ; was twenty-two days coming from Janesville, traveling the entire dis- tance with ox teams ; he was engaged in farming in lUyria until he removed to Lutra, in Feb., 1874; while residing in Illyria, he was, for fourteen years, Postmaster, and eight years Township Assessor ; he was first Town Clerk, elected when only ten votes were polled, in 1852 ; served three years as Town Clerk, Township Trustee two years; he was elected County Drainage Commis- sioner in 1853, but never qualified ; since he came to Pleasant Valley Tp., he has been Assessor two years ; Town- ship Trustee one year, and member of the School Board three years. He mar- ried Elizabeth Carmichael Dec. 21,1854; she was born in Greene Co.,Penn., Feb. 26, 1833. They have had seven chil- dren, one daughter — Mary J., died Oct. 28, 1872, aged 6 years ; the living are Nannie M., Anna Delia, Celestie May, Belle H., Elizabeth Jane and Henry M., twins. MoNalley, George, Elgin. Mahoney, George, Elgin. Mann, Lay, Elgin. Mann, James, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Clermont. Markelton, House, Elgin. Marsh, J. P., Elgin. Martin, Frank, Elgin. Martin, H., Elgin. Martie, Nic, Elgin. Martin, John, Elgin. Martin, William, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Elgin. Matoon, L. B., physician, Elgin. Mays, Thomas, Elgin. MiLIiEB, CHRISTIAN, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Clermont; owns 300 acres of land ; was born in Switzerland Dec. 21, 1847 ; came to this township with his parents in 1856 ; always en- gaged in farming since he came here. Mr. Miller has been School Director and Road Supervisor several years. Mar- ried Anna Freburghouse March 4, 1870 ; she was born in Switzerland Oct. 12, 1852 ; they have had five children, one son died in infancy ; the living are —John F., born Feb. 13, 1872 ; Mary M., born June 13, 1874 ; Christian, Jr., born Feb. 19, 1876; and Edward B., born July 17, 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members of the Elgin Ger- man Baptist Church. Mr. Miller's father and mother, Benedict and Magda- 728 DIRECTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY ; lena Miller, live with him ; his father was born in Switzerland July 29, 1812, and his mother was born in the same country, June 23, 1814. Miller, Daniel, Elgin. Miller, J., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Brainard. Miller, John F., farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. , Clermont. HTLLER, RUDOIiPH, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns 200 acres of land ; was born in Switzerland, June 20, 1816 ; came to Ohio in 1850 ; came to Iowa in 1852. He married Anna Isely in May, 1856 ; she was born in Switzerland, in 1831 ; they have had ten children ; lost two daughters ; the living are Alexander, Lewis, Marianna, Rudolph, John, Lydia, Frederick and Lena. MILiIiER, OSCAR P., Cashier of the Citizen's Savings Bank, Elgin ; was born in Pomfiret, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., May 15, 1850 ; when he was three years of age his parents removed to Ashtabula Co., Ohio; lived there five years, and in 1858, came to Pleasant Valley Township. He married Ellen M. Fowler Dec. 25, 1870 ; she was born in Waupun, Wis., July 1, 1851 ; they have three children — Clarence J., born Dec. 24, 1871 ; Mabel S., born Aug. 18, 1873 ; and Jessie M., born Aug. 17, 1876. Mr. Miller taught school eleven terms in this county, from 1867 to 1870 ; from 1870 to 1877 he carried on the drug business here; in October, 1875, he commenced banking in connection with E. R. Carpenter, P. Dowse, Jr. and J. A. Hoagland ; they conducted a private banking institution until Sept. 20, 1876, when the savings bank was incorporated ; ho has been cashier of the bank since its organiza- tion. He is Postmaster and Notary Public ; he was Town Clerk from 1875 to 1876 ; and member of the School Board in 1875 and 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members of the M. E. Church. MINOR, GEORGE K., farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard ; owns forty acres of land ; was born in Mt. Morris, Greene Co., Penn., Dec. 16, 1847; when five years of age moved, with his parents, to Preble Co., Ohio; lived there until he was 21 years of age; in January, 1869, he went to Kansas ; re- sided there five years ; came to Inde- pendence, Iowa, in 1873 ; came to Pleasant Valley in December, 1874. He married Lillian M. Davenport Nov. 27, 1873 ; she was born in Ridott,. Stephenson Co., III., April 17, 1855. Mr. Minor is serving his second year as Constable. Minor, John, far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Brainard. Moshler, John, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Elgin. nOSER^, FRED, firm of Shorie &, Moser, dealers in live stock ; P. 0. Elgin ; born in Switzerland Sept. 17, 1849; in 1855, came to Bremer Cc^ Iowa; in 1856, came to Buchanan Co.;. in 1859, returned to Bremer Co. ; in. 1867, came to Pleasant Valley; he owns a house and lot in Elgin, and an inter- est in two other houses and lots. Mar- ried Elizabeth Baumgartner Oct. 22,. 1872 ; she was born in Switzer- land Feb., 1854 ; have three children — , R. A., Louis and Sarah. Moyer, Ole, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Elgin. Myers, John, Elgin. Myers, Johnston, Elgin. ISTTELSON, ANDREW, Elgin. Nelson, H., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Elgin. Neuenswauder, John, wagon maker. Nichols, Emmet, Elgin. Nichols, Judson, Elgin. JflCKIiAUS, PETER, proprietor- of saw-mill and stave factory, Lutra ; P. 0. Elgin ; born in Switzerland April 26, 1831 ; came to Pittsburgh, Penn.,. in 1852 ; came to Clayton Co., Iowa,, in 1856 ; removed to Clermont in April,. 1858 ; came to Lutra in May, 1873 ,. has been Township Trustee. Married Elizabeth Sohnieder Nov. 2, 1 854 ; she was born in Switzerland Sept. 17, 1833 ; they had eleven children, lost three sons- and two daughters — Frank Henry, Ida May, Ada Augusta, Albert and George;, the living are Mary Louisa, Julia, . Charles W., Hulda Jane, Libbie and Edmund Montgomery. OLESON,- EVER, farmer, S. 12 ; P 0. Elgin. Oleson, Ole, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Elgin. OliSESf, S., general merchant ; borni in Norway June 22, 1842 ; came to- Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1857; engaged in farming until he removed to Elgin, PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 729 in 1873, since whicL time he has been in the mercantile business. Married Susan Olsen in 1863 ; she was born in Norway ; they have four children — Ole, Belle, Susan and Nellis. Mr. and Mrs. Olsen are members of the Lutheran Church. Otwell, C. Y., far., Sec. 23; P. 0. Elgin. PAINTER, WM., farmer,. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. Patterson, John, Elgin. PATTEBSON, JOSEPH, farm- er. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Brainard ; owns 400 acres ; born in Hancock Co., Ohio, March 13, 1837 ; when he was about 12 years of age, he came with his parents to Clayton Co., Iowa; came to present location in 1858 ; he has held various township and district oflBces. First wife was Margaret Buncle, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; she died June 6, 1865, aged 28 years and 10 months ; they had four children, three now living — Lucy J., born Dec. 17, 1859; Arthur L., May 2, 1861, and James Grant, Aug. 11, 1862 ; lost one daughter — Ida M. ; she died July 25, 1877, aged 20 years, 4 months and 25 days. Mr. Patterson's present wife's maiden name was Mary Upton ; married June 4, 1866 ; she was born in Maryland April 14, 1838 ; they have six children — John U., born April 27, 1868 ; Clarence Edgar, Oct. 28, 1869 ; Wm. E., Nov. 1, 1871 ; Bertha Belle, Sept. 18,1873; Grace G., April 9, 1876 ; Sidney S , Nov. 5, 1877. Patterson, Saml,, far, S. 15 ; P. 0. Elgin. Paulson, Jas., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Elgin. Pendleton, .C F., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Pendleton, E., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Brainard. Peters, Albert, Elgin Peters A. S., Elgin. Peters, George, Elgin. Fetters, Henry, Elgii . Peters, J. M., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Brainard. PFARREB, FREDERICK, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Elgin ; carries on his father's farm of 200 acres ; he was born in Switzerland in Oct., 1851. Married Anna Elizabeth Studer Aug. 13, 1877 ; she was born in Switzerland June 12, 1859. Mr. Pfarrer's father, Nicholas P., came to Clayton Co., Iowa, with his family, in 1854 ; came to Pleas- ant Valley in 1866. He was married in Switzerland to Mary Marti. Nicholas Pfarrer is a member of the firm of Freitag & Co,, proprietors of the Pleas- ant Valley flouring and saw-mills. Pfarrer, Nicholas, miller and farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Elgin. Penney, Albert, Elgin. RANDALL, E., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. Randall, L., far.. Sec. 29; P. 0. Brainard. Randall, W., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Brainard. Ratz, T., Elgin. Ratz, Jacob, Elgin. Reed, Jno., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Brainard. Beuff, Julius, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Elgin. Riggs, Geo!, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Brainard. Bobbins, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. Bobbins, W.,far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. Rothlishberger, G., saloon keeper and far- mer, Elgin. Rubert, J. S., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Clermont. SALTSGIVER, H., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Brainard. Saltsgiver, Mike, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. West Union. Samborn, E. M., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Brain- ard. SCHORI, IVICHOL AS, of the firm of Schorl & Lehmann, proprietors of the Elgin brewery ; born in Switzerland Nov. 28, 1833 ; came to this vicinity in 1857 ; engaged in farming until 1868 ; carried on the lumber business at Fort Atkinson from 1870 to 1873 ; since 1873, he has been in his present busi- ness. He is a member of the School Board. Married Mary Lehmann in 1865 ; she was born in Switzerland ; they have had six children, one died in infancy ; the living are Rosa, Em- ma, Frederick and George and Eliza, twins. SCHLUPP, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Elgin ; owns sixty acres of land in Sec. 28, and thirty-seven acres in Sec. 27 ; he was born in Switzerland Nov. 1, 1842 ; moved to Minnesota in 1855 ; came to Pleasant Valley in 1856. He served three years in Co. H, 38th I. V. I. ; was with the regiment during the entire time, except one month and three days that he was in the hospital. Mr. S. married Mary Ann Baumann Jan. 16, 1866 ; she was born in Swit- zerland, July 22, 1843 ; they have had 730 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : five children ; two sons died in infancy ; the living are Lydia, born Jan. 31, 1868; Mary Ann, born May 11, 1870, and Joseph, born July 25, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Schlupp are members of the Evangelical Church. Schlupp, J., fiarmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Elgin. Schmidt, C. T., harness mkr.; P. 0. Elgin Schnider, C, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Elgin. Schnider, J., farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Elgin. Scharrick, J. P., far., S. 25; P. 0. Elgin. Schricker, Jacob ; P. 0. Elgin. Schrioker, J. H., shoe mkr., Lutra; P. 0. Elgin. Scott, Leonard, far., S, 5 ; P. 0. Clermont. Shaffer, John, P. 0. Elgin. Shammon, D. H., hardware dealer, Lutra; P. 0. Elgin. SHIPTOX, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in England, Oct. 22, 1826 ; came to Waukesha, Wis., in 1850 ; in Nov., 1851. came to present location ; owns 120 acres land ; Sub-Director of School District No. 5. Married Sarah Cuming Feb. 16, 1856 ; she was born in Canada July 26, 1836 ; they have had nine children, and lost four — William, Sarah J., Thomas W., and Nellie) M. ; the living are as follows — Martha, born Dec. 13, 1858 ; Frank H., born Sep. 12, 1861 ; Mary E., born Feb. 10, 1865; Nora B., born June 22, 1869, and Ada J., born Sept. 24, 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Shipton, are members of the United Brethren Church. Shipton, T., farmer, S. 5 ; P. 0. Clermont. Shore, Benjamin; P. 0. Elgin. Shore, John, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Elgin. Simpson, J. W.; P. 0. Elgin. Sory, J. B.; P. 0. Elgin. Stahl, Jacob ; P. O. Elgin. Stansbury, Geo., farmer, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Brainard. Stansbury, M., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Brainard. Steam, A., far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. Stephens, J., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Brainard. Stoehr, Geo., merchant; P. 0. Elgin. Storm, J. D., far., S. 5; P. 0. Clermont. Storm, M. M.,far., S..5 ; P. 0. Clermont. STREIT, GOTTIilEB, farmer, Sec. 23; P. 0. Elgin; born Oct. 15, 1839, in Switzerland ; in 1868, came to Fayette Co. ; in 1871, settled on his present farm ; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. Married Lany Baumgartner Sept., 1870 ; she was born in 1848, in Switzerland ; have five chil- dren — Samuel, Jacob, Annie, Clara and Baby. Are members of the Church of the New Dunkards. STUDEB, FREDERICK, farm- er, Sees. 27, 28, 33 and 34; P. 0. Elgin ; born in Switzerland June 9, 1829 ; came to Clayton Co., Iowa, in Feb. 1866 ; came to Pleasant Valley, in 1867 ; owns 110 acres of land. He married Elizabeth Wahle in March, 1854 ; she was born in Switzerland Feb. 13, 1825 ; they have had seven children, and lost one daughter — Elizabeth, who died in Aug., 1868, aged 5 months; the living are Frederick, born Feb. 13, 1854 ; John, born Feb. 11, 1856 ; Ku- dolph, born April 5, 1858 ; Lizzie, born June 12, 1859 ; Alexander, horn Feb. 17, 1862, and Mary, born Nov. 13, 1867. Sullivan, W., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Brainard. SUTTER, LiOUIS, proprietor of the Elgin House ; born in Baden, Ger- many, Aug. 4, 1831 ; came to Cincin- nati, Ohio, in April, 1854 ; in August, of the same year, went to Maysville, Ky ; remained there only a short time ; then went to Albany, Ind., where he remained seven months ; in the Spring of 1855, he came to Dubuque, Iowa; during that year, and in 1856, he went to McGregor, Cedar Falls and Chicago ; in the Winter of 1856, he returned to Dubuque ; then went to St. Louis, Davenport and Cedar Co., Iowa; en- gaged in blacksmithing seven years ; farming, three years; 1859, he came to Elgin ; commenced the hotel business in 1870 ; he owns twenty-eight acres in Sec. 14, this township. He was Town Trustee two years, member of School Board two years, and Road Supervisor several years. He married Anna Za- haiske Jan. 29, 1860 ; she was born in Austria : they have six children — Louisa, Emily, Marion, Frankie, Alfred and Clara. Sutter, R., farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Elgin. TALLIFSEN, OLE, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Clermont. Taunt, H., far., Sec. 20; P. 0. Brainard. Taylor, E., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Elgin. THOMA, LEWIS, of the firm of Lien & Thoma, general merchants; born in Germany Dec. 13, 1833 ; came to PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. 731 Wisconsin in 1852 or 1853 ; removed to Clermont, Fayette Co., Iowa, in 1860; engage(^ in mason work there; came to Elgin in 1863; Mr. Thoma built the brewery here, and carried on the business of brewer for a year and a half. Married Rosa Smith July 5. 1858 ; she was born in Germany ; they have had eleven children ; four died in infancy ; the living are Robert H., Emma, Frank, O.ara, Louisa, Guatav and Lilly. THOHPSON, DAXIEIi s., farmer. Sec, 6; P. 0. Clermont; owns ninety-four acres of land ; born in Lu- zerne Co., Penn., Feb. 18, 1845; re- moved to West Union in 1854. Married Rosa Agnes Weikel April 27, 1873; she was born in Richland Co., Ohio, April 3, 1854 ; they have had two children ; lost one daughter, Amelia L., vrho died May 9, 1877, aged 2 years and 3 months ; they have one daugh- ter now living, Nettie L., born Feb. 9, 1877. Mr. Thompson held various offices while a resident of West Union Tp. ; he has always been engaged in farming ; his father, David Thompson, is still living, and resides in Dover Tp., this county. Thompson, Ed., farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Clermont. Thompson, John, farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Cler^uont. Thompson, Levi ; P. 0. Elgin. THOMPSON, PERRY T., farmer. Sec. 32; P. 0. Elgin; owns fifty acres of land in Sec. 33 ; born in Kane Co., 111., May 30, 1850 ; came to Pleasant Valley with parents when only 5 years of age ; with exception of 2 years' residence in Buchanan Co., he has lived in Pleasant Valley Tp. since he first came to Iowa. He married Edith A. Mackje Nov. 15, 1871 ; she was born in Keokuk, Lee Co., Iowa, Sept. 30, 1853; They have three children — John R., born July 13, 1872 ; William A., born Nov. 6, 1873, and James Edward, born July 9, 1876. Torkleson, H., farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Clermont. rXDERWOOD, SYJLVES- TER, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Cler- mont ; owns forty acres of land in Sec. 5, and 160 acres in Sec. 8; born in Paris, Oneida. Co., N. Y., Nov. 3, 1821 ; his parents removed to Otsego Co., N. Y., when he was about 5 years of age ; resided there until he was 12 ; then removed to Chautau- qua Co., N. Y. ; lived there until 22 years of age, when he went to Dane Co., Wis. ; came to this place in Sept., 1851 ; he has been engaged in farming and stock raising since he came here. Was Justice of the Peace about twenty years ; he has held several other offices in the township ; is Notary Public now. His first wife was Sally Ann Smith; she died Feb. 3, 1865; had six children by this marriage ; lost one son — John J ; the living are Hi- ram P., Leonard W., Adaline S. (now Mrs. H. B. Cuming), Corinne L. (now Mrs. Chas. Hasler) and Henry L. Mr. Underwood's present wife Was Mrs. Harriet D. Ketohum ; they were mar- ried March 5, 1866 ; she was born at North Hero, Vt., May 29, 1832 ; they have three children — -William Grant, Daniel Colfax and Sylvester S. Mrs. Underwood's first husband, William Ketohum, served in Co. H., 38th I. V. I.; he died in August, 1864, while on his way home ; they had two children — Charles Coathworth and Mary E., both living now. VINTOI^f, AliliEW, farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. W^est Union or Elgin ; born in this township Nov. 8, 1854. VINTOX, HORACE, farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. West Union or Elgin ; owns 174 acres of land ; born in Villanova, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Deo. 6, 1815 ; removed to Rock Co., Wis., about the year 1846 ; in 1852, came to his present location. Was School Director many years, Township Trustee fifteen years. Married Luoinda Mclntyre ; she was born in Brookfield, N. Y.; they have had four children ; lost two ; one died in infancy, and a son, John Lewis, died at the age of 20 years ; the living are William H., aged 31 years, and Allen, aged 23. Vinton, Wm., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Brainard. TTTADLEY, A. R., Elgin. Wander, Geo., farmer. Sec 5 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Warner, H., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Clermont. 732 DIEECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: Watenpaugh, Deloss, Asst. Cashr. Citi- zens' Savings Bank, Elgin. WATEWPAretH, WII.I.IA1I, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Elgin ; born Jan. 2, 1824, in Cattaraugus Co., N, Y.; in 1853, came to his present farm ; owns 160 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Mar- ried Esther A. Crandall Nov. 27, 1850 ; she was born July 27, 1832, in Chau- tauqua Co., N. y.; had five children, four living — Jane A., now Mrs. Church- ill ; Ida C, Flora M. and Clara S. Are members of the M. E. Church. Has been Town Trustee and School Director. Watterworth, John, Elgin. WEBB, BlilSiS W., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born May 21, 1809, in Chatham Tp., Conn.; in 1811, came to Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; in 1814, came to Catteraugus Co., N.Y.; in 1844, came t6 Rock Co., Wis.; in 1854, came to his present farm ; owns fifty acres, valued at $25 per acre. Married Fannie Ketchum, April 20, 1840 ; she was born Feb. 6, 1816, in New York ; had nine children, eight living — William M., Amelia A. (now Mrs. Alva); Mary I. (now Mrs. Saltsgiver) ; Helen A. (now Mrs. Reidel); Agnes J. (now Mrs. Whitla) ; Luoy A. (now Mrs. Vinton), and Elliott and Emmert E., twins. Webb, M., far., 8. 20 ; P. 0. Brainard. Weynulter, Jacob, Elgin. Wheeler, Enoch, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Elgin. Wilson, Robert, Elgin. Witchia, B., far., S. 24; P. 0. Elgin. WOHLHETEB, FREDER- ICK, dealer in iron, hardware, stoves, tinware and agricultural implements ; born in Alsace, France, March 25, 1832 ; came to Buffalo, N. Y., in 1849 ; re- moved to Chicago in 1850 ; lived in that vicinity until 1853, when he came to Elgin, Fayette Co., Iowa ; he has resided here ever since, with the exception of a year and ahalf ; he was engaged in black- smithing for several years ; engaged in general mercantile business from 1859 to 1869 ; for the last nine years in pres- ent business. He was Postmaster sev- eral years ; eleven years School Director ; Township Trustee four years. He mar- ried Magdalena Light March 25, 1856; she was born in New Alsace, Dearborn Co., Ind., June 17, 1839. They have had seven children; two have died — Henry N. and Sarah E. ; the living are — Willard J. and George W., twins, and Charles L., Henry P. and Celia. WOHLrHETER, VAIiEN- TISTE, dealer in dry goods, groceries and general merchandise ; born in Al- sace, France, Aug. 21, 1838; came to DuPage Co., 111., in 1857 ; came to Elgin, Iowa, in June, 1866. Married Caroline Sorg Oct. 20, 1868; she was born at Havre, France ; they have two children — Louis and Eugene. Woodard, A. M.,far.,S .31; P.O. Brainard. r71NK, PETER, Elgin. Zomess, Ole Oleson, S. 1 ; P. 0. Clermont. CLERMONT TOWNSHIP. A MERSON, L., shoemaker, Clermont. Anderson, A., far.. Sees. 1 and 2 ; P. 0. Postville. Anderson, C.far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Clermont. Anderson, Gilbert, lab.; P. 0. Clermont. Anderson, G. T., far., S. 16; P.O. Cler- mont. Anderson, H., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. Anderson. John, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Anderson, Peter, lab.; P. 0. Clermont. Appelman, E. W., Principal High School, Clermont. APPELMAW, G. A., CAPT., retired, Clermont ; born in New London, Conn., Feb. 23, 1817 ; came to Iowa and Clermont in 1854. He was married Feb. 28, 1841, to Miss P. A. Williams from Conn.; they have had seven children — Anna,, Noyes, Erastus. Lucy, Franz, Lydia. He held the ofiice of County Supervisor two years. School Director fifteen years ; President School Board two years. Mr. A. followed the salt water twenty- three years; he has sailed on every ocean on the globe ; he has 370 acres of land, valued at $2,000. Mrs. CLERMONT TOWNSHIP. 733 Appelman holds the position of Trustee of the Hospital for the Insane at Inde- pendence, which position she has held for the past six years. Their son, Noyes, holds the position of Steward in the Hospital ; Erastus Appelman is Principal of the Public Schools of Cler- mont ; his term commenced Sept. 1, 187t. Appelman, E,. B., farmer, Clermont. BARCLAY, R. S., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Clermont. BAKEMAN, G-. W., farmer, g. 30 ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 1820 ; moved to Michigan in 1848 ; to Iowa and on his present farm in 1867. He was mar- ried in 1847 to Miss Lucy A. Gaboon from New York ; they have had seven children — Charles P.,Richard Gr., Nicho- las H., Franklin, Laura A., Nora A., Alexander P.; Alexander P. died. He has 246 acres of land, valued at $7,000. His grandfather, Daniel P. Bakeman was a soldier in the Revolutionary war ; he voted for Washington for President, and lived to vote for Grant at his first election ; he died the following Spring at the age of 109 years. BAKER, F. H., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Castralia ; born in Essex Ce., N. Y., Jan. 18,1844 ; he came with his parents to Iowa in 1858 ; he settled on his own farm in the Fall of 1871. He was mar- ried in 1870 to Miss Cornelia W. Davis, she was born April 9, 1844 ; they have three children — William P., born Dec. 17, 1871; Fred D., born April 1, 1873 ; Amelia F., Dec. 28, 1876. He has held the office of School Director two years. He has 179 acres of land, valued at $7,000. His father's farm joins his own on the north, in Winnesheik Co. He is ex- tensively engaged in the dairy business. BAKER, D. E., merchant and man- ufacturer of boots and shoes, Clermont ; born in Champaign Co., Ohio, in 1836 ; moved with his parents to Rock Co., Wis., in 1837 ; he came to this State and Clermont in 1854. He was mar- ried in 1854 to Miss Anna Cox, from England. He has held the office of Road Supervisor thirteen years, School Directorfive years. He has 227 acres of land in partnership with William McMuilin, valued at $4,500. Mr. Baker owns a fine residence valued at $2,500. He is one of the earliest settlers in the county. B-erker, W. D., far., S. 29; P. 0. Clermont. Barrett, S. J., carpenter, Clermont. Bgatin, Geo., laborer, Clprmont. BECKER, FREDERICK , homoeopathic physician, Clermont ; born in Germany Jan. 22, 1838 ; came to this country and Cleveland, Ohio, in 1852, and to this State and county in 1856 ; settled in Clermont in 1875. He was married in 1859 to Miss Sophia Miller, from Germany ; she was born Dec. 19, 1838; they have had three children— Carl F., born July 30, 1860 ; August G., Oct. 19, 1862; Frederick J., Sept. 18, 1865. He has held the office of Township Clerk two years, Townjhip Trustee one year. He took his medical course at St. Louis ; he graduated in 1875 from the Homoeo- pathic Medical College of Missouri. He has many friends and an extensive practice. Bellis, J. H., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Clermont. Blackett, J. P., retired, Clermont. Blackett, W., retired; P.O. Clermont. Blondey, M., laborer, P. 0. Clermont. Branch, B. W., shoemaker, Clermont. Brandenberg, F., wagon maker, Clermont. BROWN, EDWARD, hotel keeper; P. 0. Clermont; born in the city of New York April 6, 1824 ; moved to Essex, Ct., in 1847, to Iowa and this county in 1856 ; he was en- gaged in farming until 1861, when he returned to New York ; spent six years there ; in 1867, he returned to Iowa and Clermont. He was married in 1854 to Miss Dorcas Morley, from Springfield, Mass. ; she died in 1857. He was married again in 1858 to Miss Laura Demming, from Ohio ; they had four children — Josephine, Frank, Ern- est and Emma L. ; first three named are deceased. "Mine host," E. Brown, keeps a quiet temperance house, with clean beds and square meals, and, with his pleasant manners, makes many friends. Brown, John, laborer, Clermont. Burke, John H., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Burk, John P., saloon, Clermont. OAHALAN, M., farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Clermont. 734 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : CAHAIiAJf, DAlVIEIi, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Castalia ; born in Ireland in October, 1840 ; came to this country and Vermont in the Fall of 1850, to Washington Co., N. Y., same year, to Providence, R. I., in 1854, to Iowa and Payette Co., in March, 1863 ; settled on his present farm in 1867. He was married in February, 1868, to Miss Mary A. Phalen, born in 1850, from Clayton Co. , Iowa ; they had four chil- dren, three living — James, born Feb. 8, 1871 ; Daniel, Oct. 7, 1872 ; John, June 23, 1874. He has held the office of Township Assessor two years, Town- ship Trustee part of two years. School Director five years. He has 105 acres of land, valued at $4,000. Mr. C. has always taken a prominent part in the interests of his township schools. Cahalan, M. F., far., S. 10; P. 0. Clermont. Cahalan, P. H., far., S. 15; P. 0. Clermont. Cahalan, J. H. ; P. 0. Clermont. Calleton, Ned, laborer. Clermont. Calleton, Pat., laborer, Clermont. Calleton, Thos., railroad hand, Clermont. CAIiVIN, JOHX P., Clermont, proprietor of the Clermont Variety Store ; born in Portage Co., Ohio, in 1832 ; came to this State and Clermont in 1857. He was married in 1860, to Miss M. S. Carleton, from Ohio ; they had six children — Albert D., born March 18, 1862; Jessie A., born July 1, 1863; Mabel A., born Aug. 2, 1866; Willie C, born July 5,1870; Chester, born June 16, 1873 ; Mabel, Willie and Ches- ter died ; his wife died April 15, 1875. Mr. Calvin commenced with a small variety stock in 1858; in 1859, he en- tered into partnership with F. S. Pal- mer, Aug. 26, 1894 ; they took a part- ner, A. H. Loomis, from Ohio, the firm being Palmer, Calvin & Loomis ; they sold out to Mr. Larabee in 1865 ; Messrs. Palmer and Calvin, as clerks, carried on the store one year; in 1866, Messrs. Calvin & Sanborn purchased the stock, and continued the business until 1868, at which time Mr. Calvin purchased Mr. Sanborn's share of the stock, and has continued the business since. Carlin, J., far., 8. 19 ; P. 0. Clermont. Carlin, L., far.,S. 19 ; P. 0. Clermont. Carlin, Peter, far., Clermont. Carragher, E., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Clermont. Carswell, Geo., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Carrswell, J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Postville. Carter, L., liveryman, Clermont. Cavanaugh, M., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Cavanaugh, M., Jr., lab. ; P. 0. Clermont. Cavanaugh, Mike, laborer ; Clermont. Christenson, H., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Civey, G. D., laborer, Clermont. CliABK, DAHflEIi, farmer, Cler- mont ; born in Antrim Co., Ireland, Sept. 15, 1815 ; moved to this country and Ohio in 1837 ; to Iowa and Cler- mont in 1855. He was married in 1840 to Miss Esther Gustine, from Ohio ; she was born March 22, 1815 ; they have eight children — Rebecca, James, John, Catherine, Daniel, Jr., Patrick H., Margaret and Hiram. He has held the office of School Director four years. He has 275 acres of land, located in Sections 17, 18 and 30, valued at 110,000 ; he is one of the early settlers of this county. CliARK, H. €r., farmer and manu- facturer of staves, barrels and hoops, Clermont ; born in Missouri in 1832 ; moved to Iowa and Clayton Co. in 1845; went to Cairfi>rnia in 1850; returned to Clayton Co. in 1853 i settled in Payette Co., in the Spring of 1860. He was married in 1859 to Miss Josephine A. Otis, from Michigan ; they had four children — Ewing 0., Benjamin C, El- mer B. and Irene. His wife died in Den- ver, Col., in 1872. He was married again in 1874 to Miss Ellen J. Williams, from Clayton Co., Iowa ; they have had one child — Roy H. He has 345 acres of land, located in Sec. 3, and valued at $8,000. He has held the office of School Director six years. Clark, John, laborer, Clermont. Clark, S. C, far., S. 34 ; P.O. Clermont. Clark, Pat., clerk, Clermont. Connor, Pat., laborer, Clermont. Crean, Burt, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Clermont. CROWE, JOHN, blacksmith ; Cler- mont ; born in Ireland in 1839 ; came to this country and Canada in 1853 ; to New York in the Spring of 1866 ; was engaged with the-Oneida Company four months ; to Iowa and McGregor in the Fall of 1866 ; settled in Clermont in 1867. CLERMONT TOWNSHIP. 735 Was married in 1858 to Miss Mary A. Barragy, from Canada; they had eight children, two dead — Patrick J., William P., Maria M., Agnes H., Alice N., Elizabeth C. He held the office of Township Trustee six years, School Director ten years, Justice of the Peace two years. He has a fine residence on Vine street ; he is in part- nership with E. Herley. Cuff, M. J., laborer, Clermont. Cummings, M., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Clermont. Cummings, P. A., laborer, Clermont. Curran, John, laborer, Clermont. DAVIS, JAMES, laborer; P. 0. Clermont. Delancy, Ed., laborer; P. 0. Clermont. Dennis, J. N., grocery, Clermont. Devery, John, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Clermont. Dibble, B. F., brick maker, Clermont. DIBBLE, EZRA H., retired; Clermont ; born in Greene Co.. N. Y., in 1H03 ; moved with his parents to Ohio in 1811 ; to New York in 1824 ; to Wisconsin in 1849 ; to Iowa and Clermont in 1852. He was married in 1835 to Miss Harriett Tinkcom, from New York ; they had six children, three living — George E., Martin V. and B. F. He carried on the manufacture of both white and red brick extensively until 1865, when he turned it over to his sons, Martin V. and B. F.; Martin V. was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; came to Iowa and Clermont Co., in 1852; was married June 9, 1872, to Miss Sarah A. Dixon, from England ; had four children — Lillie M., Jessie A., Cora G. and Ezra H. He enlisted in the army in 1863, and was connected with the Quartermaster's De partment at Nashville. He, in com- pany with his brother, B. F. Dibble, manufactures extensively a good article of white and red brick. Dibble, G'. E., attorney, Clermont. . Dibble, M. v., brick maker, S. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. Dickeny, Thos., lab.; P. 0. Clermont. Dixon, Alford, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Clermont. Dixon, Fred, laborer, Clermont. Dixon. J. W., retired, Clermont. Dooley, K., mason, Clermont. Doolon, Pat, merchant, Clermont. DOBIiAlVD, D. W., far., Sec.30 ; P. 0. Clermont; born in Ashland Co., Ohio, Aug. 6, 1829 ; moved to Iowa and Cler- mont Tp. in 185'i; settled on his present farm in 1857. He was married on Oct. 2, , 1851, to Miss Rachel Shaffer, from Bed- ford Co., Penn.; she was born in 1832 ; they have ten children — George W., An- nie C.,W. A., Clara A.,Hebern L., James F., Edward A., Libbie May, Eva Letta, May A., all living. He has held the office of School Director sixteen years, President of the School Board two years, Secretary of School Board six years. He has 166 acres of land, val- ued at $4,500 ; he is engaged in hop raising quite extensively ; he was among the earliest settlers in the county and endured many privations. He was engaged in teaming for a few years from West Union to Dubuque and St. Paul. Douglas, H. A., miller ; P. 0. Clermont. Dravis, W., mason, Clermont. EUSTERDAY, C, barber; P. 0. Clermont. ElililNGIS, PAUL., merchant ; P. 0. Clermont; born in Norway Feb. 7, 1854 ; came to this country and Clay- ton Co. in 1867 ; settled in this county and Clermont in 1 874. He was married Jan. 7, 1878, to Miss Annie G. Samp- son from Monona, Clayton Co., Iowa. Together with his dry goods and grocery trade, he repairs clocks and watches ; he has a good trade. Erriokson, Jas., tailor, Clermont. Errickson, L., farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Errickson, E., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Evans, E., teacher, Clermont. EVANS, ROBERT, merchant tailor, farmer and Justice of the Peace ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Liverpool, En- gland, Sept. 6, 1827 ; came to this country and New York City, in 1848 ; came to Pennsylvania, in 1849 ; came to Iowa and Dubuque in 1854 ; settled in this county in 1857. Hewasmarriedin 1852 to Miss Isabelle Dennison, from Pennsylvania; they have had ten children, three died ; the living are Edgar, Robert, George, Louis, Prank, Carl and Henry. He has ] 20 acres of land in Sees. 19 and 20, valued at $3,000. He has held the of- fice of Justice of the Peace four years ; Township Collector one year, Secretary School Board ten years. He is a Dem- ocrat. 736 DIEECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: FARNSWORTH, J. B., clerk ; P. O. Clermont. Feezer, A. J., railroad agt. ; Clermont. Flynn, T., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Clermont. Finnegan, B., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. Fiunegan, T., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. Fitzgerald, D., retired ; P. 0. Clermont. Fitzgerald, E., far.,S. 16; P. 0. Clermont. Fitzgerald, J. H., teacher, Clermont. Fitzgerald, M., Jr., far., 8. 28 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Fitzgerald, M., Sr., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Fitzgerald, M. C, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Fitzgerald, M. H., far. S. 28 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Fitzgerald, N., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Fitzsimmons, J., far., S. 11 ; P.O. Clermont. Foley J., farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Clermont. Foley, P., farmer. Sec. 18 ; P.O. Clermont. Folkman, W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Postville. Fox, C, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Clermont. Free, G., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. FRISBIE, E. A., MRS., P. Clermont ; born in Essex Co-. , N. Y. , in 1815 ; moved to Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1858 ; came to Clermont in 1867. She was married in 1837 to H. B. Frisbie, from New York ; they have had seven children — Sarah J., William F., Mar- garett A., Annett L., John W., Charles F., Mary J., William F- was drowned in the Turkey River in 1867. Mr. Frisbie received a divorce at the hands of the court two years ago, in May. She has a fine residence on Vine St., valued at $3,000. Annette L. married Geo. E. Dibble, an attorney in Clermont; Sarah J. married 0. H. Moon, of Clay- ton Co., Margarett A. married H. C. Wright, from Nebraska. John W. married Mrs. E. A. King, of Clermont. Friday, J., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Clermont. Frisby, C, laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Frisby. H. B., retired ; P. 0. Clermont. GARVEY, D., farmer, Sec. 20 ; P.O. Clermont. Garvey, P. H., laborer , P. 0. Clermont. Garver, S., laborer; P. 0. Clermont. Garvey, T., farmer, See. 32 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Georgson, P., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. Gilbertson, 0., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Clermont. Grissell, H., painter, Clermont. Grossman, F., carpenter, Clermont. GOODRICH, D. G., Editor Peo- pie's . Paper and Alliance, Clermont ; born in Chautauqua County, N. Y., 1824 ; moved to Iowa and Clermont, Dec, 1859 ; came to McGregor in the Spring of 1860 ; returned to Clermont, Nov., 1861. Was married Dec, 1844, to Miss Amelia B. Lathrop, from N. Y. ; they have had four children — Rozellie A., Antoinette G., Flora A., Charles L. ; his wife died in June, 1857. He was married again Sept., 1858, to Miss Lucilia M. Newell from Vermont ; they have one child — Hattie L. ; she was born Sept. 21, 1863. Mr. Goodrich estab- lished the People's Paper, April, 1870, and then sold it to the Clermont Print- inii Company, June, 1873, retaining one- half of the stock. Independent in poli- tics ; it became National on the forma- tion of the National Party ; it has the largest aggregate circulation of any news- paper in the Third District, outside of Dubuque. Mr. Goodrich represented his county in the eleventh General Assembly, in 1866 ; he held the office of County Supervisor three years, and Justice of the Peace five years. Goodrich, L., retired, Clermont. Gulbranson, L., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Clermont. Gunderson, A. E., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Gunderson, E.,far., S. 24 ; P- 0. Clermont. Gunderson, G. A., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Gunderson,G., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Clermont. Gunderson, G.,far.,S. 27 ; P. 0. Clermont. Gunderson, J., lab., 8. 24 ; P. 0. Clermont. Gunderson, T., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Clermont. HACHETT, G. M., teamster, Cler- mont. Halverson, G., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Clermont. Halverson, Ole, far., S. 26; P. 0. Clermont. Hanson, Andrew, far.; P.O.Clermont. Hanson, Torkel, far., S. 36; P.O. Clermont. HAROIiD, F. P., druggist, Cler- mont; born in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1853 ; he came to Iowa and this county in 1857. He was married in 1876 to Miss Omie Reeves, from Mc- Gregor, Iowa ; they have had one child — Arthur, born Aug. 17, 1877. Mr. Harold spent two years with Dr. Lewis as clerk. He has carried on the business in his own name for the past two years. Mr. H. keeps the Bible Repository. CLERMONT TOWNSHIP. 737 Harold, W. H., mason, Clermont. Harrington, W. H., clerk, Clermont. Hawk, Simon, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Clermont. Henderson, A., far.,S. 12 ; P.O. Postville. Henderson, W. H., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Post- ville. Hendershott, J., far., S.34 ; P. O.Clermont. Hender.sbott, Wm., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Hendrickson, C, far., S. 4; P. 0. Postville. Herlihe, Dennis, lab.; P. 0. Clermont. Herlihe, Eugene, blacksmith, Clermont. Honn, John, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Postville. JHOIIOH, I. B., farmer and carpen- ter, S. 28, Clermont ; born in St. Law- rence Co., N. Y., 1818; moved to Iowa and on his present farm in 1850. He was married in 1844 to Miss Sarah H. Sawyer, from Vermont. He has 133 acres of land, valued at $5,000. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace three years. School Di- rector two years. Township Trustee fifteen years ; he was the first Justice ■elected in the township ; the first law- suit held in the township was held in his cabin ; he was Clerk of the first Elec- tion Board held in the township, only nine votes at the first election, and on some candidates it was a tie vote ; when they emigrated to Fayette County, they •came by cars to Elgin, stage to Galena, steamboat to McGregor ; only twelve small shanties in McGregor at that time ; they could get nothing to eat or a place to spend the night ; had to walk fifteen miles before they could get anything to eat ; Mr. Hough built the first frame house in West Union, on the site where now stands the Descent House for Chancy Leverage ; he also built the first frame building in Clermont. Horan, M., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Clermont. HOSFOBD, JOHX, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Clermont, born in Franklin Co., N. Y., 1821; moved to Wisconsin in 1845; re- turned to New York in 1846; to California in 1852 ; returned to New York in 1853 ; to Iowa and Clermont Spring in 1854. He was married in 1843 to Miss C. I. Martin, from New York ; they have had four children — Henry G., born March 3, 1845; Dewitt C, born March 28, 1858; Ellen L, born Nov. 11, ■ 1860 ; Flora D., born May 24, 1866; Dewitt C, died Sept. 17,1862. Mr. H. has held the office of Justice of the Peace since 1860, except two terms ; Township Trustee ten years. School Director four years, Assessor two years. Has eighty-eight acres of land located in Pleasant Valley Tp. He built the first brick house in Cler- mont. He was appointed Trustee on the first Election Board held in tha township ; only sixteen voters ; one Democrat and fifteen Republican. Houlihan, J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Clermont. House, Abe, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Clermont. Hutchins, A., carpenter, Clermont. INGBBRELSON, TOM, far., Sec. — ; P. 0. Clermont. Irwin, G. W., mechanic, Clermont. Iverson, A., retired, Clermont. JARVIS, DAL., laborer ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Johannson, H., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Clermont. Jones, W., cooper, Clermont. Joslyn, Jno., Sr., tailor, Clermont. Joslyn, Jno., Jr., laborer, Clermont. KEAPLING, R., wagon-maker, Cler- mont. Keiser, Jacob, shoemkr., Clermont. Kelley, Jas., far., S. 18; P. 0. Clermont. Kelley, Jno., far., S. 17 ; P. O. Clermont. Kettleson, K. far., S. 25; P. 0. Clermont. Kerr, Geo., far., Sec. 1 ; P. O. Postville. Knightlinger, Abe, lab. ; P. 0. Clermont. Knightlinger, P., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Knightlinger, Jacob, lab., P. 0. Clermont. Knight, G. W., grocer; P. 0. Clermont. Knutson, H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Clermont. LARSEN, GILBERT, farmer, P. 0. Clermont. Larsen, H., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Clermont. Larsen, 0.. far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Clermont. Larsen, T., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Clermont. Larrabee, Wm., banker, P. O. Clermont. LiATHROP, C. W. D., furniture dealer and undertaker, Clermont ; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 15, 1831 ; moved to Iowa and Clermont in 1861. He was married in 1857 to Miss Cynthia Goodrich from New York; she was born Nov. 25, 1833 ; they have had five children — Emma, Charles G., Frank W., Willie, Denton C. ; Frank W., Willie and Denton C. deceased. He has held the office of Township Trustee three years ; Township Clerk, three years; Township Assessor, five years; City Assessor, two years ; School 738 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : Director, five years ; he held the posi- tion of Postmaster three years during Johnson's administration. He has a fine residence connected with his furni- ture store; together, valued at $8,000. Politics, Demoeratio. Lavelle, Ed., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Postville. Leach, S. M., miller, Clermont. Leahy, Tim., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Clermont. Leam, J. H., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Clerrnqnt. Legg, Olis, laborer, Clermont. Legg, William, laborer, Clermont. Lewis, W. C, physician, Clermont. Longfield, A., cooper, Clermont. XOOmiS, A. H., far.; P. 0. Cler- mont ; born in Portage Co., Ohio; June 4, 1835 ; moved to Iowa and Clermont in 1861 Was married in 1864 to iVIiss M. A. Warner, from Ohio ; they have three children — Mattie May, born May 14, 1866 ; Robert W., born Dec. 10, 1869, William W., born Sept. 16, 1876 ; Mr. Loomis went into partnership in 1864, with Messrs. Palmer & Calvin, in the variety store ; the firm sold out in 1867 ; he moved to his farm in Pleasant Valley Tp., Sec. 2, same year ; He has 300 acres of land, valued at $6,000 ; he returned to Clermont in the Fall of 1877 ; he has a fine residence, valued at $5,000. He held the office of Township Supervisor in 1865. Lyons, B. J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Clermont. MCCARTY, W., laborer ; P. 0. Cler- mont. McDonald, J. H., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Cas- talia. McGaheran, J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Clermont. McGaheraii, M., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Clermont. McGaheran, W. W., far., Sec. 4; P. 0. Clermont. McGarry, D., laborer, Clermont. McGarry, J as., carpenter, Clermont. McGreevy, P., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Clermont. McGreevy, T., far., S. 23; P. 0. Clermont. McGuire, M., laborer, Clermont. Mclntee, M., far., S. 6; P. 0. Clermont. Mclntee, P., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. McKinlej, A., merchant, Clermont. McManus, C, far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Castalia. McManus, P., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Clermont. McMum, M., railroad hand, Clermont. McMullen, W., laborer, Clermont, McNamara, A., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. McQuilken, W. M., shoemaker, Clermont. Mahaffy, Samuel, retired, Clermont. Manning, P., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Castalia. Mansfield, J., laborer, Clermont. MARTIN, A., MRS., farmer. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Grand Tsle Co., Vt., Nov. 6, 1822 ; she moved with her parents to New York, 1840. She was married to Andrew Martin, from Pianklin Co., N. Y., 1841 ; he was born in Sr. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 1812 ; they have had fifteen children,, and twelve living — Sophira, William H., Herbert, Clarissa, Malborn H., Edith, Ella, Wallace A., Edgar H., John C, Annie, Elmer. Mr. Martin died in 1871. She has 181 acres of land, valued at $4,000. They came to Iowa and Fayette Co. before it was organized as a county. They had noth- ing left after purchasing their claim. Good health and a good will soon en- abled them to make a home. William H. carries on the farm. Martin, H., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Clermont. Martin, H. C., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Martin, M. H., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Clermont. Markham, B. H., mason, Clermont. Markham, E. W., wagon maker, Clermont. Mecklenburg, W., wagon maker, Clermont. Meier, Wm,, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Clermont. MESSER, C. B., dry goods and grocery merchant ; Clermont ; born in Coos Co., N. H., Dec. 9,. 1821 ^ moved to Kennebec Co., Me., 1831 ; went to St. Croix Co., Wis., 1854 ; went to Iowa in 1862 ; went to Oelwein, 1876 ; went to Clermont, 1 877. He was married in 1842, to Miss C. P. Greenleaf, from Maine ; they have had eight children — Loreda C, Mary F.. Isadora A., Ellen M., Charles G., Willis U., Alice G. He is in partnership with his sons, Charles G. and Willis H.; they have a branch store at Dover -Mills, and carry quite an exten- sive trade. Miller, J., carpenter, Clermont. Mitchel, G. F., tinner, Clermont. Mitchell, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Postville. Mitchell, W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Postville. Moriarty, T., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Postville. Moriarty, S., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Clermont. Morris, T.,Sr., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Castalia. Morris, T., Jr., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Mott, J., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Clermont. Murphy, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Clermptt. Murphy, J., laborer; P. 0. Clermont. CLERMONT TOWNSHIP. 739 Mylan, E., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Clermont. Mylan, R., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Mylan, V., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. "ISTTEWELL, W. M., printer, Clermont. NEL,SOJr, HAIiVOR, farmer. Sec. 31, Grand Meadow Tp., Clayton Co. ; P. 0. Clermont; born in Norway Sept., 1825 ; moved to this country and Illi- nois, 1846 ; went to Wisconsin in 1847 ; went to Iowa, his present farm, in 1849 ; went to California June, 1852 ; returned in May, 1854. He was married in 1855 to Miss Caroline Peterson from Minne- sota ; they have had seven children — Nelson H., Peter H., Henry, Annie, Barbo Peder, Ingebo Cristine. He has held the office of Road Supervisor ten years, and School Director one year. He has 390 acres of land in Clermont Tp., Fayette Co., and 340 acres in Grand Meadow Tp., Clayton Co., valued at $18,000 ; also, 1,600 acres of land in Sioux and Lyon Cos., Iowa. Mr. Nel- son did the first mason work in Cler- mont — only one cabin m town — plenty of Indians and hard times. His father still lives with him ; he is 86 years of age. Nichols, C. B., far.; P. 0. Clermont. Nichols, M., laborer, Clermont. Nutting, I., far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Clermont. JTUTTESG, Lr. S., &r.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Rutland Co., Vt., 1824 ; moved to Washington Co., N. Y., in 1842; to Illinois in 1844; to Ver- mont in 1845 ; to Iowa and on his pres- ent farm in 1849. He was married in 1847 to Miss Alvina Stafford, from Ver- mont ; they have had five children — Irwin W., born Nov. 11, 1850 ; Electa C, bom Jan. 1 , 1854 ; Alice J., born March 3, 1860; AddieE., born Jan. 12, 1865; Sidney F., born Oct. .3, 1866; his wife died Nov. 13, 1877. He has held the office of School Director nine years. He has 340 acres of land, val- ued at 16,000. His father, Jered Nut- ting, came to Iowa in 1847 ; they were among the earliest settlers in the county ; They had to endure many privations and hardships during the first years in the thinly settled country. His father died .in 1865. OLESON, ARNEY, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Clermont. Oleson, Holver, laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Oleson, E., far.. Sec. 24; P. 0. Clermont. O'Reily, Pat., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Clermont. PALMER, F. S., Postmaster, Cler- mont. PARKER, J. Li., proprietor Brick City Foundry and Machine Shop, Cler- mont; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1843; moved to Iowa and Clayton Co. in 1855; to Rockford, 111., in 1866; rbturned to Clermont in 1875. He was married in 1868 to Miss Augusta Jacobs, from New York ; they had three child- dren — James, Lillie and George. Mr. Parker does general machinery and foun- dry work; his building and machinery are valued at $5,000. Patterson, W., far., S. 12; P. 0. Clermont. Paulson, 0., clerk, Clermont. PAYNE, ai. C, foreman of Stave, Hoop and Ba,rrel Factory (H. G. Clark, proprietor), Clermont; born in Mercer Co., Penn., 1883; moved to Ohio in 1836 ; to Indiana in 1844 ; to Michigan in 1855; to Iowa in 1856; settled in Clermont in 1860. He was married in 1860 to Miss Aurelia Mattocks, from Pennsylvania; their children are Ida, Byron L., Prances E., Clara B., Orlo, Jason M., Lula; Byron L., Jason M., and Orlo are dead. He has held the office of Constable seven years and City Marshal six months. Mr. Payne held the position of foreman in the extensive barrel factory of Wm. Larabee for twelve years and forH. G. Clark three years. Peterson, A., far., Sec. 28 ; P.O. Clermont. Powers, M., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Postville. Powers, M., far., Sec. 16; P.O. Clermont. Powers, T.,far., Sec. ^3; P. 0. Clermont. Pringle, Chas., drayman, Clermont. Pringle, R., teamster, Clermont. QUINN, ANDREW, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Clermont. RASMUSON, ANDREW, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Clermont. RAFFERTY, IVICHOIiAS, far., Sec. 12; P. 0. Clermont; born in Ireland 1830; came to this country and New Jersey in 1847 ; to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1848 ; to Kentucky in 1849 ; to Iowa and Clayton Co. in 1 863 ; on his pres- ent farm in 1869. Married in 1870 to Miss Annie Pitzsimmons, from Fayette Co.; they have one child — William J., born March 16, 1876. He has 240 740 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: acres of laad, valued at $8,000. In politics, a Democrat; in religion, Cattolie. KASMUSOX, L,EWIS, farmer, Sec. 25 ; on line between Fayette and Clayton Co. ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Norway July 6, 1826 ; came to this country and Kock Co., Wis,, in 1849, to Iowa and Ms present farm in 1851. He was married in 1854 to Miss Julia Anderson, from Norway ; they have one child — Andrew L., born Sept. 26, 1857. They have 235 acres of land, valued at $7,000 ; they have fine buildings ; Andrew assists his father to carry on the farm ; they are among the early settlers of the county. Kichstine, W., far.,S. 32 ; P. 0. Clermont. Rick, Louis, blacksmith, Clermont. Rierson, C., saloon, Clermont. Riser, John, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Clermont. Ruef, Ferdner, laborer, Clermont. RrEF, jrf.IUS, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Ger- many in 1832 ; came to this country and New York City in 1852, to Con- necticut in 1854, to Iowa and Clay- ton Co. in 1856, and to Clermont in 1 857. He was married in 1860 to Miss M. Hargershiemen,f'rom Germany ; they had seven children, five living — Julia E., Albert C.j George, Eddie, and Gurtia. Owns 140 acres of land, valued ax, $2,500. Mr. R. came to Clermont with his father, Frank Ruef, where they established a brewery in 1859 ; he settled on the farm in 1862. Rush, 0., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Ryan, C, far., S. 32; P. 0. Clermont. SALMON, JOS., laborer; P. 0. Cler- mont. SHAFFER, EDWIIV, proprietor l^of the City Meat Market ; Clermont ; born in Dane County, Wisconsin, in 1845 ; moved to Mitchell Co., Iowa, in the Spring of 1872, to Spirit Lake in 1873, to Castalia in 1874, and to Clermont in 1875. He was married in 1876 to Miss Jennie Gibba, from New York; they have one child — Arena L., born Feb. 3, 1878. Mr. S. enlisted in 8th Iowa Vol. Regt.. in 1861 ; he was wounded in the battle of Corinth in May, 1862; mustered out in 1862; re-enlisted in the 3d Wis. Regt., in December, 1862 ; mustered out in the Fall of 1864. Shaffer, H., merchant, Clermont. Shaffer, Jack, laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Shaffer, L. B., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Shaffer, S., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Clermont. Sheehan, J., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Clermont. Sheehan, T., Township Clerk, Clermont. Sheehan, T., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Clermont. Sheehy, John, Section Boss, Clermont. Shien, John, lab. ; P. 0. Clermont. Shrimer, A., wagon maker, Clermont. Shriner, John, laborer, Clermont. Shrouder, J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Postville. Smith, C. K., merchant, Clermont. Smith, E. T., merchant. Clermont. Smith, Thos., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Clermont. STARKEY, JOH]!ir, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Clermont; born in England, May 15, 1829, moved -to this country and Ohio in 1851 ; to Iowa and Cler- mont in 1854 ; his present farm in 1864. He was married in 1858 to Miss Lorinda Savage, from Ohio ; she was born Nov. 29, 1840 ; they have had seven children, five living^Sarah J., born April 28, 1859 ; Mary E., born -Aug. 19, 1860 ; Lucretia L., born Jan. 9, 1866; George T., born Sept. 24, 1862 ; William R., born June 29, 1874. He has held the office of School Director one year ; President of the School Board one year ; Road Supervisor four years. He has 165 acres of land, valued at $3,000. In politics, Republican ; religion, Methodist. He is among the early settlers of the county ; he dug the first cellar in Cler- mont ; he has a good wheat farm ; last year he sowed fifty-eight bushels of wheat on forty acres and harvested 710 bushels. 1 STEDMAIV EDWEV, hardware merchant, Clermont ; born in Licking Co., Ohio, Dec. 17, 1825 ; he moved to Portage Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; to this State and county in 1850 ; he carried on farming until February, 1855; he com- menced the hardware trade that year. He was married in 1848 to Miss Nancy B. Hine, from Portage Co., Ohio ; she died in 1872. He was married again in 1875 to Miss Mary B. Bryan,from Ohio. He has held the office of County Super- visor three years. Justice of the Peace two years, Township Clerk three years. Mr. Stedman has always taken a promi- nent part in the interests of his county and town ; his first wife opened the first CLERMONT TOWNSHIP. 741 public school in Payette Co., receiving her salary from Clayton Co., the amount due each child from the State ftind for school purposes. Stall, Martin, photographer, Clermont. Stall, Albert, laborer, Clermont. SULIilVAJf, BIIGEJTE, REV., clergyman, Clermont ; born in Ireland in 1849 ; came to this country in. 1872 ; settled in Fairbanks, Buchanan Co., same year; moved to Clermont in 1875; he has charge of the St. Peter's Parish since ; the church was organized about twenty years ago, north of Clermont and removed to Clermont five years after ; their church was built at that time ; the membership numbers 125 families ; he also has charge of the Parish at West Union, which numbers twenty-five fami- lies, and at Fayette, which has thirty families. Sullivan, James, laborer, Clermont. Sullivan, John, laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Sullivan, M., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Clermont. Sullivan, Pat, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Clermont. Swanson, Ole, cooper, Clermont. THORSEN, T., Sr., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Clermont. TATRO, A.C., far.,Sec.l6; P.O. Cler- mont; born in Grand Isle Co.,Vt.,inl842; moved to Iowa and Clermont Tp.in 1855 ; settled on his present farm in 1871. Was married in 1863 to Miss E. A. Good- rich from Clermont ; they have had five children — Flora, Frank, Charles, Nellie and Ward. He has 240 acres of land, valued at $4,000. He enlisted in 1861 in Co. C, 12th Regt. I. V. I. ; he wag engaged in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh ; mustered out in 1863 on account of sickness. TATRO, S. S., farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Clermont ; born in Grand Isle Co., Vt., March 4, 1842 ; moved to Iowa and Fay- ette Co. in 1857 ; settled on G. A. Appelman's farm in 1874. He was married in 1862 to Miss Saphira Martin, from New York ; she wa,s born Aug. 30, 1 843 ; they have had eight children ; three dead ; living, George F., born April 2, 1864; Ernest C, born June 10, 1865; D. Clinton, born Dec. 5, 1870; Tinney M., born July 31, 1875 ; Gertia, born Oct. 17, 1877. Mrs. Tatro's par- ents were among the first settlers of the county. Thorsen, Thor., laborer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Clermont. Toslenson,S.,far.,Sec. 26; P. 0. Clermont. Troers, Job, miller, Clermont. Troers, N., laborer, Clermont. Tubbs, S., blacksmith, Clermont. ALL, JOHN, mason, Clermont. w Ward, Willis, laborer, Clermont. WARIVER, ELMER, farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Clermont; born in Medina Co., Ohio, 1823; moved to Iowa and H^ayette Co. in 1853; settled onhis present farm in the Spring of 1854. He was married in 1848 to Miss Antoinette Crittenden, from Ohio ; have had two children — HomerC, born Aug. 21, 1850 ; Charles, born Sept. 25,1858; Charles died Feb. 9, 1872. Mr. W. has ninety acres of land, valued at $3,000. In religion, Methodist ; inpol- tics. National. His son, Homer C, is foreman in the office of the teople^s Pa- per & Alliance newspaper, Clermont, in which position he gives general satisfac- tion. Warner, W. B., City Marshal, Clermont. Warnholtz, John, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Week, C. F., harness maker, Clermont. West, P. L., laborer ; P. 0. Clermont. Whiting, T. H., lumber dealer, Clermont. Wickham, S. E., machinist, Clermont. Wickham, W. A., Cashier Bank, Clermont. Wickham, W. S., farmer ; P. 0. Clermont. Williams, J. L., retired, Clermont. Willis, Jered, wagon maker, Clermont. Winder, H. A., clerk, Clermont. Wombachen, J., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Cler- mont. Wood, M. M., machinist, Clermont. 742 DIRECTORY OP PAYETTE COUNTY : FREMONT TOWNSHIP. A DEAIN, P., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Mill. Allen, J. B., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Sumner. BAKER, SILAS, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. Barnard, G. N., far., S. 7; P. 0. Sumner. Baxter, R. E., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Mill. BAXTER, ROBERT P., farm er, P. 0. Mill; born in St. Law- rence Co., N. Y., Aug. 22, 1842 ; com- ing West in 1855, he settled in Rock- ford, Winnebago Co., 111. He was among the first to enlist during the late war of the rebellion, joining Co. P, 45th I. V. I. ; in thirty-six different skirmish- es, seven battles ; his services were con- tinuous from the beginning till the close of hostilities in 18B5. He settled in Bremer Co., this State, Sept. 20, 1867. He married Dellphene Colegrove, who was born in New York State June 12, 1847. Mr. B. came to this county in 1874. Have four children — Plora, Hubert, Rinaldo and Earl. A Repub- lican. Mr. B. is a member of the M. E. and his wife of the Baptist Church. Bean, S. H., far., S. 24; P. 0. Maynard. BECK, S. C, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Mill; born in Clarion Co., Penn., in 1847 ; moved to Iowa, settling in this (Payette) county in the Spring of 1856. At the breaking out of the late war, Mr. B. was one of the three who were the first to enlist from this township; Mr. B. knows by actual experience the hardships which Union prisoners were made to endure ; captured at Pittsburg Landing (his first battle), he was detained as a prisoner for over seven months, when he was ex- changed ; rejoining his regiment, he con- tinued to serve as a soldier until the close of hostilities. Although still a young man, Mr. B. has been elected to offices of responsibility and trust by his townsmen, who hold him in high estima- tion. May 14, 1872, Mr. B. married Mary Hursh ; they have three children — Dorr A., S. G. and Daniel. Mr. B. and wife are members of the M. E. Church. Berry, D. A., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Mill. Blackman, A. H., dlr. in mach'v. Oelwein. Blowers, H., far., Sec. 15; P. 6.' Mill. Brocks, C, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Sum- ner. BURCH, W. D., farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in Greene Co. July 30, 1832 ; when 17 years old, his parents, James and Sarah E., moved to Marshall Co., 111., and two years after to this county, settling in Jefferson Tp. ; his father was the first (in 1851) to build and occupy a house in what is now Oel- wein. Mr. B.'s residence in this county was continuous until he was 27, when he returned to Illinois ; since then he has made three other trips to that State. Mnrried C. E. Campbell Sept. 10,1859; she was born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, April 5, 1839, and came to this county in 1855 ; have five children — James M., Maria E., Rachel Ann, B. P. and B. V. Mr. B. is a Universalist, and owns forty acres well-improved land. Burrow, Wm., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Mill. CALAHAN, W. H.,far., See. 9 ; P. 0. Mill. Carroll, Jas., farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Pair- banks. Carroll, J., saloon, S. 33 . P. 0. Summer. Curtis, W. v., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Mill. DIBBLE, IRA, far., S. 30; P. 0. Sumner. DEIiUHERY, THOMAS, farm- er and stock raiser. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in County Cork, Ireland, March 8, 1833 ; came to the United States, land- ing in Boston, Mass., in 1851 ; after vis- iting the States of New Hampshire, Ohio, Illinois, New York and Missouri, he finally settled in Independence, this State, in 1857 ; came to this county in 1861 . Married Catharine Corkery, who was born in County Limerick, Ireland, Dec. 24, 1834, born on the 18th of August, 1853; have fourteen children; lost one child, Mary, aged 19 years. Mr. D. and wife are members of the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of settling here, they owneJ but 84 acres of land ; since then, by diligence and thrift, Mr. D. has accumulated over 600 acres of the finest farm land in the township. Dickey, A. B., S. 8 ; P. 0. Independence. Dickey, E. H.,far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Mill. FREMONT TOWNSHIP. 74; DICKMAJir, HENRY, farmer, S. 9 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in Defiance Co., Ohio, Jan. 25, 1 848 ; came to this coun- ty in 1871. Married Mary L. Struble, in Henry Co., Ohio, April 25, 1869 ; she was born in Fulton Aug. 27, 1849 ; have three children — Annetta, George, Lester. Mr. D., who is a Eepublican, holds the office of Town Clerk, this be- ing his second term ; has held the offices of Justice of the Peace and Township Trust GP DICKMAN, JOHlKf, farmer ; Sec. 22; P. 0. Mill; born in Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, March 12, 1835; came to this county Oct. 17, 1856 ; in 1858, he returned to his native State, remaining over two yaars, when he again came to this county, July 25, 1862, and lived on Sec. 12, until 1865, when he finally settled where he at present resides. Is at present Justice of the Peace, and has been Township Trustee. Married Lydia J. Newton Sept. 16, 1858, in West Union ; she was born in Medina, Ohio, Jan. 5, 1842 ; have nine children — seven boys and two girls. Mr. Dick- man and wife are members of the United Brethren Church ; he is the Union Sun- day School Superintendent and class leader in the church. DICKMAIir, WIIililAM, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. O. Mill ; born in Wayne Co., Ohio, Jan. 29, 1837 ; came to this county in 1856 ; remained until 1861, when he returned to Ohio, where he married Martha Schott in Defiance Feb. 8, 1862 ; Mrs. Dickman was born in Hamburg, Germany, Dec. 20, 1841 ; have seven children, four girls and three boys. Mr. D., who was in early life a cooper by trade, built and occupied the first cooper shop in West Union, on the site where he at present resides, in 1866 ; their residence, in point of size and ap- pearance, will compare most favorably with that of any other in the county. Mr. Dickman is a Bepublioan ; he has held various township offices, such as Town Clerk, Collector, Trustee, &c. He assisted very liberally in the construction of a church for the Evangelical Associa- tion, of which denomination he and his wife are members. "Doty, Allen, far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Mill. .Downing, Ashley, far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Mill. Downing, Wm., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Mil Dudley, L. C, far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. MiU; DWYER, ED9I01VD (deceased) born in County Cork, Ireland ; cam to this country in 1847. Married EUe McSweeney Feb. 7, 1853, in Belviden 111 ; she was born in County Cork, Ire land, in 1823. Mrs. Dwyer's late hui band died very suddenly, on the 28th c Oct., 1858, from the effects of injurie received on the railroad, while in the en ploy of the Chicago & Galena B. B., s Belvidere, 111. In the year foUowin the death of her husband (1859), Mn Dwyer, with her three children, move on the farm where she now lives, Se( 29 ; P. 0. Mill. Mrs. D. has had fou children — Mary, born May 6, 1824, die on the 29th of Aug., same year ; Johi born Nov. 11, 1855, the only son an support of his aged mother, injured hi spinal column while driving a span c fractious horses, from the effects of whic he departed this life, greatly bereaved b all who knew him, on the 7th of Oct 1876 ; Margaret and Mary, twins, bor Feb. 20, 1858, reside at home. The are ex-school teachers and very intelli gent. Dwyer, Pat., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Maynarc EDEL, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. C Fayette. Eldridge, J. M., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mil Bgan, Pat., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. O. Fairbanb Eggleston, Leroy, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Sumnei Engle,Teter,.far., Sec. 10; P. 0. Mill. Ennis, W. H.. Sec. 31. FINK H., far., Sec. 32; P. 0. Fail banks. Fisher, Henry, merchant, Maynard. FORTSCH, JOHN, farmer, Sei 30; P. 0. Mill; born in Hamburg Germany, Nov. 26, 1821 ; a carpentt by trade ; the war of 1 848, between Gei many and Austria having caused a almost entire suspension of mechanici industries in his native country, he ws compelled to emigrate ; procuring a paj sage oil board a vessel at Bremen, Oc 17, 1848, he arrived in New York De^ 1, same year. Married Mary Mori ing.s July 3, 1849 ; she was bor in Prussia, Germany, April 10, 182! Mr. Fortsch and wife were in New Yor State at the time the Erie Bailroad wi being constructed, along the line ( 744 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : ' which they kept boarding house at dif- ferent points as the road progressed. They moved to Illinois in 1852, settling in Winnebago Co., where they kept tavern for fifteen months, when they came to this county. As Mr. Fortsch and fam- ily were among the first to locate here,_ they experienced more than the usual- hardships incident to frontier life ; their nearest neighbor, , at that time, was seven miles distant ; wolves, deer and wild game of all kinds abounded ; the nearest place that grain could be ground was at Independence, and there the facilities were so meager that in one instance" Mr. Fortseh made three trips before he could get a certain quantity of grain milled. Mr. F. has a farm of 505 acres well improved.; two seasons ago, he raised over 1,900 bushels of wheat. Eleven children have been born unto them ; John, the oldest, much to the bereavement of his parents, was shot by a neighbor's son ; Mary died in Illinois ; Helena, Prank, Her- man, Mary, William, Samuel E., Eliza- beth, Henry and Frederick. Mr. F. and wife belong to the M. E. ChurcTi. He is very emphatic in his belief that the State or county deals very unjustly with the farmers when they are obliged to pay taxation on property for road purposes that has been previously ap- propriated. Fox, A., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Mill. Fox, L., farmer, S. 17 ;' P. 0. Mill. ' Fuller, Jos., far., S"30 ; P. 0. Mill. Fuller, M. A., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Sumner. Feister, J. G., mech.: S. 7 ; P. 0. Sumner. GAIDE, JOHN, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. May- nard. Galven, John, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Maynard. Galven, M., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Mavnard. OALVIW, P., farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in County Clare, Ire- land, Dec. 4, 1 842 ; emigrated with his parents to this country when quite young ; in 1858, he came to this State, and to this county in 1862. Married Bridget Loftus Jan. 26, 1868; she was born in Cambria Co., Penn., March 5, 1849; John P., their only child, born Dec. 16, 1868. A Democrat. Mr. Galvin has held the offipes of Road Supervisor and School Director. Owns 120 acres of land. Mr. Galvin is an old railroader; was Superintendent of a construction gang on the Davenport & St. Paul R. R., at Fayette ; he was also the foreman of the gang who- graded the -first two miles of the Bur- lington & Cedar Rapids Road. Gillet, L. B., farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Mill. Gisserman, W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette- Goodenough, A, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. MilL. Gregg, H., Sec. 4. Green, T. L., land agt. ; P. 0. West Union. Green, W., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Fairbanks.. Grifi'en, S. G., Sec. 31. Gurity, Fred., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Maynard. HALLIMAN, E., farmer. Sec. 27;. P. 0. Mill. Hannaj.P., blacksmith, S. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. Hannaman, L., far., 8.1 ; P. 0. Maynard.. Hausner, L., farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Mill. Harris, Wm., farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Mill. Head, L. C, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. Henderson, A. W., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Fayette. H£]|lirDERSO]!ir, JAMES W.^ farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Maynard ; born in Chenango Co., N. Y. ; came to this State, settling in Delaware Co., in 1869 ^ came to this county in 1871. Married C. H. Hensom June 27, 1838, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; she was born in Windham, Greene Co., July 27, 1819 ; have five children — Ursula, born Dec. 1, 1840; James E., born June- 21, 1848, died May 18, 1851; Frank, born July 22, 1850; Minnie, an accom- plished daughter, who has taught school both in this and Delaware Co., born July 23, 1860; Eva 0., born June 21, 1863. Mr. Henderson and wife, who are very pleasantly situated on a farm of ' eighty acres, are both members of the Baptist Church. Hyatt, A. H., far.. Sec. 17; P. 0. Mill.. JACOBIA, CHARLES, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Mill. Jackson, Dennis, Sec. 30. Johnson, M. E., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Mill. June, William, speculator. Sec. 17 ; P.O. Randalia. KALMMER, J. G., farmer. Sec. I;. P. 0. Maynard. Kallany, J., Sec. 12. Kendson, Chas., far,, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Mill. Kidder, Geo., laborer, Sec. 10; P. 0.. Mill. Kidder, Rice, far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Mill. FREMONT TOWNSHIP. Klammer, G., far., 8. 12; P. 0. Maynard. Klammer, W.,farinre, S. 17; P. 0. May- nard. Kundson, A., far., Sec. 16; P. O. Mill. LARSON, KUNNT, far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Maynard. Latimer, G. H., far., Sec. 3; P. O.Mill. Latimer, W. D. Leach, S. S., far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Mill. Lewis, Chas., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. L.EWIS5 PERtEY, farmer. Sec. Si ■ P. 0. Mill ; born in Bradford Co., Penn., June 20, 1831 ; came to Iowa in 1842, settling in Linn Co., where he married Sarah Davis Dec. 9, 1852 ; she was born in Greene Co., Ohio, Dec. 9, 1833 ; they have had five children — Laura J., born Aug. 7, 1854, died Sept. 12, 1862 ; Lydia E., born Aug. 4, 1857, died Oct. 19, 1860 ; Lazarus U., born June 7, 1859 ; Ella, born June 20, 1862 ; Mabel May, born April 30, 1868. Mr. L. has li^ed in this county since 1860, and on his present place for the past thir- teen years ; he owns 140 acres, through a portion of which runs a splendid water course, that furnishes the motive power to operate a buhr mill owned by Mr. Lewis. Mr. Lewis and wife are mem- bers of the M. E. Church. Leyh, J. M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Fayette. Liniger, A., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. O. Mill. Linstrum, L., far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. MUl. Linstrum, W. 0., far., S. 11, P. 0. Mill. Louhes, E., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Mill. Lyman, G., spec'r., S. 25 ; P. O. Payette. McDERMONTT, JAMES, specu- lator. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Maynard. McCIiAIN, A., farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Mill ; born in Indiana Co., Penn., June 19, 1833 ; came to this State and county in 1856, prospecting; settled in Buchanan Co , where he remained until 1865, when he removed to this county. Married Nancy Piper Dec. 24, 1863; she was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., May 13, 1840; have five chil- dren — Maggie E.J born Jan. 8,' 1865 ; Ida May, born Jan. 8, 1867 ; Samuel E., born July 5, 1869 ; Daniel Arling- ton, born July 30, 1872 ; Rose Ella, Aug. 19, 1877. A Republican. Mr. McC! has held the ofece of School Di- rector. He owns 307 J acres of land in this township. McDonald, W., far., S. 28; P. 0. Mill. McGuire, B., cooper, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Fair- banks. McLain, A., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Mill. McSweeny, J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Maynard. McSWEENY, J. H., farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, Oct. 10, 1853 ; came to this State, settling in Buchanan Co., in 1861, and to this county two years afterward. Married-Mary Morehouse Feb. 26, 1874 ; she was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Aug. 5, 1851 ; their only child, Lula, was born*February 2, 1875. Angeline Morehouse, the mother of Mrs. MoSwee- ney, resides with her daughter ; she was among the first to settle in this town- ship ; her husband, Eli, died in Buchan- an Co., some twenty-tjiree years ago • since then, with the exception of what little assistance her daughter Mary could afford, she has, unaided, successfully fought life's battle ; although past 66 years she has a vivid remembrance of early instances of events. McSweeney, W., S.- 27 ; P. 0. Maynard. Madigan, M., farmer, S. 13; P. 0. May- nard. Mahoney, E., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Mill. MATHERS, H. I,., farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in Harrison Co., Ohio, Nov. 2, 1 828 ; came to this State in 1857, settling in Buchanan Co. ; in 1858, came to this county. Is a Re- publican. Owns 110-acre farm, and 140- acres of timber land ; the southwest quar- ter section was received from the Govern- ment for services in the Mexican war. Mr. Mathers, who is a carpenter, was the builder of the first bridge over the Wapsy, at Fairbanks ; he also built what is known as the White School House, and as-sisted in the construction of four other school buildings. He has been prominently identified with the school interests of this Township ; has held the office of School Direcotr for a number of yeafs, during a portion of which incumbency he was President of the Board. Married Emily Edwards in Columbus, Ind., Jan. 25, 1852; she was born in Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 26, 1832; they have six children, all of whom are living. Meserer, P., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Payette. Moulton, C. E., farm hand, S. 14; P. 0. Mill. 746 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY: MOlJLTOSf , N. H., blacksmith ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill ; born ia Vermont July 4, ] 834. When he was younu; his par- ents moved to Canada, where he lived until 1850, when he moved to Rockford, 111., and the following year came to this county, settling in Fayette, in which town he was one of the very first to lo- cate permanently ; he has lived in this town since the Spring of 1868. Mr. Moulton enlisted in Co. F, 3d I. V. I., during the late rebellion. Married Cath- arine Dooley July 25, 1856 ; she was born in Wisconsin in 1842; have six children — Clarence, Sarah J., Rhoby A., Fred, May and Ralph. Murray, G. M., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. "XTAUHOLTY, GEO., farmer, Sec. 2 ; 1_N P. O. Maynard. Nauholty, H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Maynard. OBBNCHAIN, J. H., farmer. See. 28 ; P. 0. Mm. Olds, A., farmer, S. 30 ; P. 0. Sumner. OliDER, CLAKJENCE E_., farm- er, Sec. 34 ; P. Oelwein ; born in Rock Co., Wis., Oct. 25, 1849. Married Ella Colegrove, in this county, Sept. 5, 1876 ; she was born in New York Sept. 25, 1851 ; Alvareta, their only child, was born Aug. 2, 1877. Previous to their marriage, Mr. 0. had resided three years in Minnesota, and his wife had made a short but plea.aant visit to Kan- Older, C. H., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Mill. Older, C. W., S. 23 ; P. 0. Oelwein. Older, E. T., far., S. :^3 ; P. 0. Oelwein. PARSONS, B., farmer, Sec. 32 : P. 0. Sumner. Parkhurst, C. S., Sec. 32, P. 0. Sumner. Pathbone, P., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Mill. PAULEY, liAVINA, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Mill; born in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, in May, 1823. Married Ira Pauley Jan. 31, 1849 ; he was born in New York February 13, 1818, and died at St. Louis May 1, 1861 ; he moved to Jackson Co., Wis., from Pennsylvania, May 11, 1854. Enlisted in Co. I, 14th Wis. Inf ; was in the battle of Pittsburg ; taken sick, he was transferred to St. Louis, where, as above stated, he died. Mrs. P. was the motherof eight children, one, Lafayette, died when quite young — Hattie, Clirissa, Albina, Annetie, William, Lavina and Marietta are the others. Mrs. P., since she was left a widow, has endured hard- ships which ordinarily only fall to the lot of a man ; by energy and economy she has secured a homestead, which is also the home of her youngest daughter and husband, Harry Todd, to whom she was married April 20, 1877. Payne, H., See. 29 ; P. 0. Mill. Peck, E. W., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Mill. Pendergrast, T., Sec. 13. Piper, J. S., Sec. 6. EEED, H. B., farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Fairbanks. Ritchie A., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mill. RITCHIE, AWDREW, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mill; born in Ayrshire, Scotland, Feb. 24, 1821. Married Annie Anderson in Scotland in Septem- ber, 1840 ; she was born in Ayrshire in 1821, and died in the same place in July, 1851. His second wife, Annie Armour, was also born in Ayrshire Oct. 9, 1834. They were married Sept. 19, 1854, and in the same year, they, with his first wife's children, took passage for the United States ; landing in New York they immediately left for the West by way of the Hudson River and the lakes as far as Detroit, where they boarded the train for Chicago, in which city and vicinity they lived until the Fall of 1855, when they moved to Rook Co., Wis., where Mr. R. made his home up to 1861, when he moved and settled in this county. Mr. R., who is a Republican, has held the office of School Trustee and is at present Treasurer of that Board. Mr. R. has a spacious residence in which his large and very interesting family mingle together in the enjoyment of the plenty accumulated by the energy and thrift of the husband and father. One son, James, enlisted in the 8th Wis. Bat. and now resides in Chicago. Ritchie, R. B., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mill. Robinson, J. M.. far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Mill. Ryan, Michael, far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Mill. SANDERS, A. A., farmer, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Sumner. Sanders, F. E., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Maynard. Sayles, W. 0., tenant far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Mill. Schmidt, Jno., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Fairbanks. Shaw, M. A., far.. Sec. 22; P. O. Mill. Smiih, Jas., far.. Sec. 34; P. O. Mill. FREMONT TOWNSHIP. 747 Spencer, Charles. Spears, C. G., hotel, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Sumner. SPEARS, FRANK M., far.; P. 0. Mill; born in Florence, Erie Co., Ohio, Nov. 2, 1841 ; came to this county with his parents in 1855. In Nov., 1861, he left the parental home and located in Whiteside Co., 111., where he remained until April, same year, when he went to Missouri, where he was em- ployed by the government in the Q. M. department until Oct., 1864, when he returned to Illinois and enlisted in Co. C, 8th 111. Cavalry ; receiving his discharge, he started from this county, in 1867, for Montana Ter., prospecting for gold ; re- maining, however, but a short time in the West, lie returned to Whiteside Co., 11!., where he married Cora Canfield, Dec. 1, 1870 ; she was born in Aurora, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1852; Lula, their only child, was born on the 25th of March, 1872. Mr. S. has permanently resided in this county since March, 1875 ;. since when he has been Secretary of the School Board, and by appointment filled the oflSoe of Town Clerk for a short time. Spears, J. M.,far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. SPEARS, N. W., retired farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill; born in Penfield, what was Ontario, now Monroe Co., Oct. 29, 1806 ; moved with his parents, William and Love, to the Western Reserve, Ohio, in 1817. Married Eliza Taintor April 9, 1828 ; she was born in Brighton, N. Y., March 15, 1808, and died in Dec, 1836. William, Jane, James V. and Jessie were children of his first wife, and of whom the last named only survives. Married Susan M. Toogood Feb. 1, 1838; she was born in Vienna, Madison Co., N. Y., Sept. 29, 1812, and died in this county, Aug. 5, 1874. During his residence in Ohio, in 1839, was appointed one of the County Com- missioners ; while performing the duties of the office, his attention was called to the remarkable depreciation of county warrants ; through his exertions, a committee was appointed to investigate the cause ; they soon discovered that there had been a systematic process of swindling on' the part of some of their colleagues, which, on being suppressed, eflfected a saving of over $38,000 to the county ; the following year, he was elected by a large majority, thus province that his efibrts to economize were ap- proved by his constituenta ; in 1849, he determined to leave Ohio ; traveling the greater portion of the year, he finally located in Tecumseh, Mich., where, erecting a new building, he started a woolen factory ; he continued in business for six years, when, one morning, he awoke to find that a freshet, during the night, had totally destroyed all of his property ; two alternatives pre- sented themselves — either to rebuild or migrate westward ; adopting the latter course, he started by rail for Chicago, and from there by wagon, for this county ; arriving in 1855, by a combina- tion of unfortunate circumstances, his capital had been reduced to $4.35 ; pos- sessed of energy, he at once commenced the erection of a log house of the usual pattern, utilizing carpet brought from the East as covering for the roof and sides ; since then, however, he has greatly improved the place on which he originally located. To Mr. S. belongs the credit of having suggested the name. " Fremont" for this township; he taught the first school in this town, and organ- ized the first Sunday School ; elected Su- pervisor the third year after the organiza- tion of the township, he was President of that Board several years ; at the be- ginning of the war, he was authorized by the Governor to enroll all men capable of service in this and several other town- ships ; received his appointment of Post- master in 1862 ; at present J. P., he has held the office for a number of years. Mr. S. is proprietor of a store where a general line of merchandise is kept. Sterling, W. P., far.. Sec. 32; P. 0. Eagle. Sunderland, D. H., S. 36. Swarts, D., farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Mi: Swarts, Geo., farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. M 1. Sylvester, M., farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. TIFT, A. B., farmer, Sec. 22; P. O. Mill. TIFT, El-I, Farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in Ashtabula Co., 0., April 2, 1837; came to Iowa, settling in Buchanan Co., in 1855, and to this county in 1876. Married twice ; first wife, Betsy D. Gilder, whom he married on the 27th of August, 1861, was born in Ashtabula Co., 0., Nov. 4, 1840, and 748 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY; died in this State Oct. 14, 1876; by first marriage there were six children — Ella E., deceased ; John P., deceased; Harry Allen, Laura, Louis, and Charles, deceased ; second wife, Helen — the widow of Edmond Kobinsou ; he mar- ried April 8, 1877 ; her maiden name was Carunike ; she was born in Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y., April 3, 1833 ; she married her former husband, the late Mr. K., on Jan. 4, 1852, in Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was born, March 30, 1827 ; he arriving to this State in 1854, settling in Jackson Co., he lived there seven years, when he moved to this county, where he departed this life, June 20, 1876 ; he was the father of six children — Julia, Wm. M., Milo J., Charles H.; John B., deceased ; and Minnie D. Tift, W. D., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Mill. "YTOKE, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Mill. WALKER, DAN'L., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Mill. Westgate, L. L., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Mill. Westgate, S. S., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Mill. Wilbur, Henry, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Maynard. Williams, C. F., speculator, S. 32. Wing. M., speculator, S. 28 ; P. 0. Oelwein. Wolf, John, far , S. 36 ; P. O. Oelwein. Woolley, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Oelwein. Worden, John, far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Mill. ZIMMERMAi\, K. B., Section 10; P. 0. Mill. ZIMJTEERMAX, H. W., farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Mill ; born in Center Co., Penn., May 27, 1818. Married Margaret M. Riley Feb. 22, 1844, in Clarion Co., Penn.; she was born in same place Oct. 23, 1824. In Penn- sylvania, Mr. Z. was manager of iron works for a number of years; in 1851, he moved to La Salle Co., 111., and in 1856, to this county ; a pioneer settler and preacher, Mr. Z. and his family endured hardships and overcame diflS- culties that can only be appreciated by those who have been similarly situated. Mr. Z. has special reasons for remem- bering the Winter (an unusually severe one) following his arrival ; he, in com- pany with three others, was lost in a terrific snow storm while out on an ex- pedition to recover a load of corn aban- doned by his brother two days previous ; almost numb with the intense cold, they wandered aimlessly about, when sud- denly they were overjoyed in the dis- covery of a track which it was thought must certainly lead to some habitation. Their joy, however, was soon turned to despair, as it was found that they were following a track made by themselves ; about to succumb under a crust of snow, blown up by the wind, they saw the tracks of oxen, these they followed and finally arrived at home in an almost ex- hausted condition. Mr. Z. had charge of the first M. E. congregation organized in this town ; was also the first Supervisor and Justice of the Peace elected ; he has held since then various other township offices. Have had ten children — Jessie, deceased ; Riley E., deceased; Robert L., deceased; James S., deceased ; Thomas K., Mary E., Sarah M., Willis H., Maggie S., Samuel L.; his grandchild, Cora R.^ daughter of James, is a loved member of the family. Zimmerman, T. K., Sec. 10 ; P. O. Mill. AUBURN TOWNSHIP. ALEXANDER, J., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Douglass. I Alton, D., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Douglass. ALTOIV, HENRY, farmer. See. 26 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1830 ; in 1843, he came West with his father and settled in Cook Co., 111., where he remained until 1847, when he enlisted in the 2d Infantry, the army then operating against Mexico ; served under Gen. Shields about six months, when he was honorably dis- charged ; returned to New York State and resided two years, when he returned and located at Otter Creek ; settled upon his present estate in 1863 ; has a farm of fifty-eight acres, valued at fl,500. Holds the office of Township Trustee, AUBURN TOWNSHIP. 749 Justice of the Peace, and many years a a member of the I. O. 0. F., and prom- inently known throughout the town and county. Married Ann Eliza Bailey, widow of L. G. Pinch, in 1863 ; have an adopted child — Clara M. His wife is a member of the U. B. Church. Anderson, Oley. Arickson, Thomas. Auld,Koberc, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Windsor. Auld, Wm., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Windsor. BACKUS, JOHN, farmer, P. 0. Old Mission. Bailey, D. A., S. 34 ; P. 0. Douglass. Balg, Ulrich, far., S. 10 ; P. O.Old Mission. Ballard, E. S., speculator. West Auburn. Bangford, Henry, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Bargerson, Tobias ; P. 0. Old Mission. Baur, H. G. BARR, ROBIWSOX A., farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1838, and went to Illinois with his father, Alva Barr, in 1840 ; in 1855, he came to this county and re- mained until 1860, when he returoed and enlisted Aug. 9, 1862, in the 127th I. V. I., Co. A, and served three years ; was in the battles of Dallas, Ga., Kenesaw Mountain, Fort McAlister, and was with Sherman on his march to the sea. In September, 1865, he married Nancy F. Slocum, second daughter of Brinson W. Slocum, who settled on this estate in 1854, and is one of the early pioneers of the county. He married Annie W. Holbrook in 1839, and both were born in Saratoga Co., N. Y.; they have four children — Susan M., Nancy F., Lemuel W. and Mary J., and both live on the homestead ; Mr. and Mrs. B. have one child — George' S., born Jan. 13th, 1875 ; have lost two— Hettie E. and Eddie R. Own a farm of 255 acres, valued at $20 per acre. BARTHIiEMA, PHILI.IP, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Old Mission; born in Germany in 1815. Married Sallene Gilteman in 1839; she died in 1853 ; had three children— Sallene, Phillip and Sophia; lost one child, Louis. His present wife, Sophia Miller, was born in Germany in 1826 ; have two children — Ferdinand and Paulina ; lost one child, Hortense. Mr. Bar- thlema came to this country in 1852, and settled near Pittsburgh, Penn., from which place he went to Missouri and resided until 1857, when he came to this county and settled on his present estate ; has a farm of 125 acres, valued at $4,000. Both are members of the Lutheran Protestant Church, and is one of the early settlers. Beir, Domenic; P. 0. Old Mission. Beir, John ; P. 0. Old Mission. Bell, David, farmer ; P. 0. Douglass. Bellknap, E., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Douglass BELKNAP, EDWARD, farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Jef- ferson Co., N. Y., in 1851. Married Betsy L. Clark in 1875 ; she was born in Wisconsin in 1850 ; have one child — Hiram C, born in 1876 ; came to this county in 1865 with his father, Hiram Belknap, who died in 1874 ; settled on his present estate of 75 acres, valued at $700. Is an old member o' I. 0. 0. F. Belknap, Geo., laborer, Auburn. Bennett, W. K., farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. O. Douglass. Bernard, Branark. Bidding, John, harness maker. Auburn. BIIiCi-ER, IGNATZ, brewer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Germany in 1828 ; came to to this country in 1847, and settled in Buifalo, N. Y. In 1849, he crossed the plains to Cali- fornia, prospecting; returned in 1852, and engaged in the brewery business at St. Louis, Milwaukee and Ft. Atkin- son, and, in 1858, came to this county and erected the brewery now conducted by himself; also owns forty acres of land, and is doing a fair business. Mar- ried Mary Kuthar, who was born in Germany in 1834 ; they have six chil- dren — Josephine, Aimer, Katy, George, Charles and Laura, twins. BILLMEYER, ELLIS, farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Co- lumbia Co., Penn., in 1826. Married Matilda Bodine in 1844 ; she was born in the same county in 1826 ; have nine children — Christian, William, Emma, Ella, Eliza, Josephine, Charles, Rittie and Clara ; lost one child, Margaret. Came to this county in 1855, and settled on his present estate ; owns 390 acres of land, also has a saw-mill in connec- tion with his farm. Held the office of 760 DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : Pattmaster and School Director some years, and is one of the early settlers in this vicinity ; is also a member of the M. E. Church. Billmeyer, E. and William, farmers, S. 27 ; P. 0. Douglass. Billmeyer, Wm., far.. West' Auburn. Bissell, Levi, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Douglas. BliAKSSIiEY, FRADTK, farm- er, Sec. 19 ; P. O. Douglass ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1828 ; rame to the. West in 1858 and settled in Columbia Co., Wisconsin, and removed to this county in 1862, and purchased his pres- ent farm of 42 J acres, valued at $40 per acre. Is Township Trustee, and has held the office ten years, and is well known throughout the town and county. Married Frances Hall in 1852 ; she was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; they have four children — Byron A., Lou- ella, Frank T. and Pearley. Blanchard, J., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Douglass. Boale, John and James, farmers, See. 25 ; r ". Douslass B(.__IiE,"MAIiCOL,M, druggist. Auburn ; born in Fayette Co., in April, 1854; is the second child of John Boale, one of the oldest and wealthiest settlers of this county, who died July 19, 1876. He married Martha Gabby, who is still living; they have eight children, all of whom are living — Jemima, Malcolm, John, Grace, William, Allen, George and Dickey. Mr. B. commenced busi- ness about four years since, and is doing a fair trade in drugs, boots, shoes, &c. Filled the office of Constable eight months and resigned. Bodenstine, J. C, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Old Mission. BOOTH, JOHX B., miller. Sees. 30 and 31 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Fairfield Co., Conn., in 1832 ; came West in 1852, andspentone year at Ft. DesMoines and returned ; in 1 854, he again visited this place and engaged in a saw-mill, pur- chasing a half interest, and continued for two years, when he went to Nebras- ka and worked at his trade, being a ma^ son; in 1860, he went to Denver, Colo., purchasing a half interest in a quartz lead ; remained one year and went to Virginia City, Nev., where he kept hotel and engaged in prospecting and mining; came to this county in 1872 and settled on his present place, purchas- ing the mill he now occupies ; he also- owns 37 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. Boswell, Jerome, speculator. Auburn. Bowers, George, merchant, Auburn. Boyar, J., far., P. 0. Old Mission. BOWER, SAMUEL F., carpen- ter. Sec. 25 ; P, 0. Douglass ; born in Montour Co., Penn., in 1827. Married Mary Lisher in 1849 ; she died Feb. 10, 1851 ; had one child— May F. ; left I'ennsylvania in 1851, and settled in Michigan, where he resided two years. Married Margaret Early at St. Joseph^ Mich. ; died Oct. 21, 1856 ; had one child — John W. In 1863, he removed to Dubuque Co., Iowa, and resided six years. In 1858, married Louisa Thomp- , son, who died Feb. 20, 1875 ; have five children living — Norman F., Dudley M., Joanna, Mattie and Willie ; lost two- children — Herbert, died Oct. 9, 1864, and Mertie, died in August, 1867. Married his present wife, Susan M. West, widow of Reuben Palmer, June 3, 1877. Came to this county in 1859, where he has since resided. Is School Director and member of Brethren in Christ. BRABIiEY, GEORGE C, farm- er. Sec. 21; P. 0. Douglass; born in Addison Co., Vt, in 1822, and moved to Walworth Co., Wis., in 1841, where he resided five years, when he removed to Columbia Co., Wis., and married Alida Wiard, in 1859 ; she was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; have three children — Louisa, Jeremie and Katie ; in 1863, he removed to Black Hawk Co.^ and remained one year, when he settled on his present estate; has a farm of 200 acres, valued at f-'5 per acre. Branch, L. T., physician. Auburn. Branning, Bernard, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Old Mission. BROOKS, JOHIV, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Douglass; born in England in 1816. Married Catherine O'Neil in. 1847 ; she was born in Ireland in 1824 ; have three children living — Sarah, Will-; iam and Earnest; lost five children — John, born in 1852, died in 1857 ; Emily, born in 1862, died in 1863; Mary, wife of Thomas Barty, born in 1850, died in 1869; Agnes, born in 1858, died in 1877, Elizabeth, second ADBURN TOWNSHIP. 751 wife of Thomas Barty, born in 1854, died in 1878 ; there were three children left by the sisters — Rosella, Mary and Maude. Came to this country in 1846, stopping in N. Y. State, Chicago and Wisconsin, and in 1862, came to this county and settled on his present estate ; has a farm of sixty-one acres, valued at $35 per acres. Both members of the M. E. Church. Brown, Dudley, laborer ; P. 0. Douglass. Brown, Gad, carpenter. Auburn. Brown, Sebastian, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Burke, George Burling, W. ; P. 0. Douglass. Burroughs, C. 0., farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Douglass. Burroughs, George, laborer. Auburn. Burroughs, G. A., laborer. Auburn. Buke, George, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Byerley, Leonard, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Old Mission. CAEPBNTEK, MATHIAS, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. O. Old Mission. CAJfFIEIiD, WIIililAM H., farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Sullivan Co., N. Y., in 1832. Mar- ried Sarah M. Terwilliger March 15, 1855 ; she was born in Ulster Co*, N. Y., April 2, 1831 ; have four children — Charles, Edward A., Clara L. and Elmer ; lost one child — Endamora, died Sept. 5, 1864 ; left Sullivan Co. in 1857, and settled in Clinton Co., Iowa, where he resided until the Spring of 1867, when he removed to this county ; owns a farm of eighty three acres, and is prominently known, having held the office of Constable over six years. Chapman, Isaac, farmer; P. 0. Douglass. Chapman, John ; P. 0. Douglass. Clemanson, Oley ; P. 0. Old Mission. Cloyer, Joab, stonemason, Auburn. Coffin, Burnett, merchant, Auburn. Cotton, W. W., farmer; P. 0. Eden. Cotton, Wm., farmer ; P. 0. Eden. CRAMER, HEWRY, farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Old Mission ; born in Ger- many in 1823 ; came to this country in 1857, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he lived until 1860, when he came to this county, and settled on his present estate ; has farm of 200 acres, valued $25 per acre ; also has twenty acres timber land. Married Seliie Strout in 1854 ; she was born in Germany in 1826; have six children — John, Mary, Philo- mena, Faun, Magdalen and Katrina. Are niembers of St. Lucas Cath. Church. Cramer, J. H., far. ; P. 0. Old Mission. Crawford, J. C, machinist, Auburn. Curtis, A., far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Windsor. Curtis, F. P., carpenter. Auburn. CURTIS, MASOW A., farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Windsor ; born in Chitteliden Co., Vt., in 1818. Married Mary J. Beach in 1848, and she died in 1842 ; had three children, one of whom is liv- ing — Emma ; lost two — Laurens and Ella. His present wife, Julia Howe, was born in Michigan, in 1827 ; they have four children — Mary, Ellen, Nettie and Calvin. Came to this county in 1850, and settled in Lost Grove, where he lived six months, when he moved on his present estate ; has farm of 125 acres, valued $4,000; was one of the early settlers; went to McGregor for market and to Elkader to mill ; was but one house between his place and West Union at that time. Served as Constable four years, and is well known. DEITCHENBACKER, A., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. O. Old Mission. Davis, J. L., miller. West Auburn. DEIiEZEXE, JOHUi A., farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Au- burn, Ohio, in 1833. Married Caroline Hall in 1868 ; she was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1841 ; have two chil- dren — Lafayette E. and Lewis T. Came to this county in 1849, where he resided until he enlisted, Oct. 12, 1861, in Co. C, 12th I. S. V. ; participated in battles of Vicksburg, Nashville, Mobile, both engEtgements at Jackson and Tupelo, serving four years and a half, when he was honorably discharged, Jan. 20, 1866, being mustered out at Memphis, Tenn. In 1868, settled on his present estate; has farm of eighty acres, valued $80 per acre. DEIiEZE]!OfE,IiEWIS M.,far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in New york State in 1806, which State he left in 1845, and settled in Clayton Co.; in 1849, he came to this county and settled on his present estate, being the very first settler in this town-, and among the ear- liest of the county. His farm was a por- DIRECTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY : tion of reservation for the Indians, and he lived in a wigwam some months ; his P. 0. was Prairie du Chien, and in one season he hauled 900 bushels of wheat, being gone many days ; was one night awakened to find two swarthy savages in his house, stirring the embers of the fire ; at another time, while wending his way homeward through the forest and meet- ing two Indians, one of whom drew a gun to his shoulder and snapped, the gun failing in its discharge. Many other interesting narratives are told by Mr. D. of his pioneer life. Married Mary A. Depew in 1835 ; she was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1817 ; have four children living — John A., Benjamin D., Nettie M. and Alma L.; lost three children — Mary, Payette and Jerome. Has farm of 200 acres, valued $6,000. «cent, Allen, laborer, West Auburn. ckson, Robert, far., P. 0. West Auburn., ihm, M. P., far., S.4 ; P. 0. Old Mission, iwns, Frank, far.; P. 0. Windsor. R£IS, JOHX, farmer, Sees. 4 and 5 ; P. 0. Old Mission ; born in Luxem- berg, Germany, in 1842. Married Mary Perry in 18(i6 ; she was born in Ger- many in 1844 ; have seven children — Michael, Nicholas, John, Daniel, Annie, Francis and John Henry. Lost one child — Theodore ; came to this country when 4 years old with his father, Daniel, and settled in Ozaukee Co., Wis., where his father died ; also lived in Michigan and IlHnois and settled on his present estate in 1874 ; has a farm of 125 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Both members of the Catholic Church, illing, F., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Old Mission, illing, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Old Mission. UCLOS, MATHIAS, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Old Mission ; born in France in 1819. Married Julia Ann Stauter in 1854 ; she was born in France in 1824 ; have nine children — Anthony, Julia Ann, Louis, Francis, Annie, Lana, Mathias, Jr., Elizabeth and Barbara ; lost four children — Mathias, Mary Philemana and Nicolas. Came to this country when a boy with his father, Mathias D., in 1826, living in Pittsburgh, Penn., eight years, Ohio three years, and Indiana eleven years, where his parents died ; came to this county in 1850, and lived at the Old Mission until he built a hut, and is one of the earliest settlers in this town. Has a farm of 265 acres and eighty acres in Windsor Tp., valued at $30 per acre. Has been Town Trustee and is well known. Both members of the Catholic Church. Dunbar, J. P. Dwarshak, John. Dykins. W. H., proprietor mill, Auburn. EASTMAN, JOSEPH P., laborer. Auburn. Eastman, Loftis H., laborer. Auburn. Eastman, Oliver, far.; P. 0. Douglass. Eddington, W. H., well driller, Auburn. Elif, Johnson. English, Sidney, carpenter. Auburn. TpELS, GUSTAVE, Auburn. FOBEMAX, HABillOX, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P.O. Old Mission ; born in Ger- many in 1812. Married Clarissa PhUlipu in 1838 ; she was born in Pennsylvania in 1795 ; had one child — John H., who born in Pennsylvania in 1842. Married Mary Zbornick in 1863 ; she was born in Bohemia in 1844 ; have four children — Theresa, John, Mary Ann, and Rosa. Came to this country in 1835 and set- tled in Pennsylvania, where he lived until 1857, when he removed to this county and settled on his present estate ; has a farm of 240 acres, valued at $25 per acre ; is an early settler, and the family are all members of the Catholic Church. Foreman, B., farmer, See.6 ; P.O. Old Mis- sion. Foreman, J. H., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Foreman, Rudolf; P. 0. Old Mission. Prank, Casper, cheese manfr.. Auburn. Franzen, John ; P. 0. Old Mission. Franzen, T., far., S.15 ; P. 0. Old Mission. FKEY, U., REV., priest of St. Lucas Catholic Church, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Old Mission ; born in the , kingdom of Wurtemberg in 1847, and came to this country in 18 67 and entered St. Fran- cis of Sales Seminary, at Milwaukee, Wis., for the advancement of his educa- tion, where he remained until 1870, when he removed to Dyersville and re- sided until 1871, when he was appointed priest over this people ; is well known throughout the town, and loved by the people under his charge. AUBURN TOWNSHIP. 753 /^IPFOKD, GEO. ; P. 0. Douglass. Gifford, J., far., Sec. 32 ; P. O. Douglass. OIFFORD. liESTER, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Rens- elaer Co. N. Y., in 1809. Married Chris- tianna King in 1836 ; she was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., in 1813; have five children living — John K., Simeon, Alzina, George W. and Jessie ; lost five children — Emily,. Charlotte, William H.. Enoch L. and one that died in infancy. Left New York State in a wagon, with his family, traveling to Buifalo, then by boat to Milwaukee, Wis., settling in Ra- cine, Wis., where he resided until 1854, when he came to this county and settled on his present estate ; has a farm of 200 acres, valued at $30 per acre ; his farm was occupied by the Winnebago Indians, being part of their reservation at that time ; is one of the oldest settlers in this township. GIFFORD, SIHIFOSr, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Waukesha Co., Wis., in 184:^ ; came to this county with his father, Lester, in 1854, and lived at home until he enlisted, Oct. 7, 1861, in Co. C, 12th I. S. V.; par- ticipated in the battles of Pt. Donelson, Ft. Henry, Black River, Nashville and Shiloh, where he was taken prisoner April 6, 1862 ; was confined to the Spanish forts at Mobile, Macon, Ga., and Libby Prison, where he was paroled Oct. 17, 1862 ; served four and a half years, and was mustered out at Dubuque, Jan. 5, 1866. Married Maggie Pen- dleton in September, 1866 ; she was born in Washington Co., Me., in 1846 ; have five children — Emma A., Frank G., Chustie E., Lester C. and Graoie. Has a farm of ninety acres, valued at $25 per acre. Grateman, Eberhard. Greminger, Michael, pottery ware manu- facturer, Auburn. Grey,.D., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Douglass. Grimes, W. T., far., 8. 25 ; P. 0. Douglass. "ALL, A. T., lime burner, Auburn. H^ HAEGF, CHARLES E., miUer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born m Ger- many in 1844. Married Mary Mone- ^an in 1873 ; she was born in Irelapd in 1853 ; have two children— Mary N. and Thomas H. Came to this country and settled in New York State until the Spring of 1877, when he came to this county and purchased the mill he now occupies ; is doing a fair business, and is well known throughout the town. Hall, Herbert, lab. ; P. 0. Douglass Hall, T., far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Douglass. Halstead, J. F.,far.,S. 22; P.O. Douglass. Halstead, S. B., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Eden. Halverson, Thomas, Sec. 24. Halverson, Halver. Haupt,Fred.; far., S. 26; P.O.Douglass. HAWKIWS, HIRAM H., farm- er, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Bradford Co., Penn., in 1836 ; left that State in 1871 and settled in Dane Co., WLs., where he remained until 1874, when he caipe to this county and settled near his present place ; rents farm of 200 acres. Married Mary L. Bryant in 1859 ; she was born in Tioga Co., Penn., in 1841 ; have one child — Lillie BeU, bornin 1867. Berber, H., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Henderson, M. V., proprietor of the Iowa House, Auburn. Herriman, C. C, laborer. Auburn. Herman, Luthenhous ; P. 0: Old Mission. Hinker, G., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Old Mission. HOAGIiAXD, HIRAm, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. O. Douglass ; born in Mer- cer Co., Penn., Jan. 13, 1828 ; came to this county in the Fall of 1850 ; pur- chased land and wintered in Plattsville, Wis.; returned in the Spring of 1851 and settled on his estate ; in 1853, dis- posed of his farm and engaged in mer- cantile business at Auburn, where he continued with success for twelve years ; was commissioned as Captain to raise a company of volunteers June 20, 1861, I. S. v., but was unable to go with his command when marching orders were received. In poor health, he disposed of his business to his partner, James Boale, and in 1863 purchased his pres- ent estate ; has a farm of 600 acres, valued at $35 per acre. Was the first Coroner elected in this county, and acted as Sherifl^, caused by the resignation of Mr. MIS'; elected Auditor of the county in 1869, also, previously held the office of Supervisor several years; also held the office of Treasurer for Auburn Dis- trict Township School nine years, and 12 754 DIEECTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY: Justice of the Peace in 1852. Is Treasurer and stockholder of the Pa- trons' Joint Stock Company, engaged in mercantile business at Eden ; also Dis- trict Deputy of Patrons of Husbandry, which organization he has.been a mem- ber of since its origin. Is stockholder in the Citizens' Savings Bank at Elgin, and is prominently known throughout the town and county ; has a fine farm and blooded stock of diflferent kinds ; was one of the first settlers in this town ; is a cabinet maker by trade, and made the first cabinet ware that was made in this county, in a log hut located between Auburn and West Union. Married Elizabeth D. Boale in 1 849 ; she was born in Ireland Sept. 12, 1829 ; have five children — John A., Kate B., Seth D., Perry J. and Eva Gr ; lost one child — Melissa, born Sept. 3, 1850, died June 28, 1851. Holder, L., far., S3; P. 0. Old Mission. Howe, Chas., farmer ; P. 0. Eden. HOWE, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in England in 1812. Married Elizabeth Russell in 1834 ; she was born in England in 1814 ; have seven children — Susan, William, John', Charles, Betsy, Jane and George ; lost three children — James, Annie and Mary. Left England in 1838 and settled in New Jersey, where he lived three years, when he removed to to Ohio and resided there until 1853, when he came to this county and settled on his present estate. Owns a farm of 180 acres, valued at $25 per acre. Is a member of the Methodist Church. Has held the office of School Director and Pathmnster, and is one of the oldest" settlers in the town and county. Huck, Geo., faimer; P. 0. Old Mission. Huber, Lewis, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Old Mission. ySHMAN, BENJAMIN, farmer. Sec. ± 26; P. 0. Douglass. IRVIXt}, LUKE, school teacher and Postmaster, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Doug- lass; born in Washington Co., N. Y. in 1828. Married Jane A. Wolcott in 1853; she "was born in Addison Co., Vt., in 1830 ; have one child living — Josephine; lost three children — Fran- cis, Wellington and Amelia. Came to the West with his father, Adam Irving, in 1845, and setlled in Boone Co., IlL, whore he remained ten years, when he removed to Black Hawk, Iowa, whore he purchased a farm and lived three years, when he moved to Charles City, where he remained a short time and removed to Kansas, prospecting ; returning, set- tled in Minnesota, where he followed his profession and worked the farm he had purchased; in 1864, he came to this county and settled in this village. Was appointed Postmaster at Douglass in 1870, and re-appointed July 7, 1874, his father having served as Postmaster in this office four or five years. Mr. Irving was for many years extensively engaged in mercantile business at thi& place. His wife died April 14, 1875. TACOBIA, ANDREW, farmer, Sec. O 14 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Jay, H. P., farmer; P. 0. Douglass. Johnston, Jno., blksmth. ; P. 0. Auburn. Johnson, R. R., mercht. ; P. 0. Auburn. JOHlfSTOX, WILLIAM S., blacksmith. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Douglass ; born in Scotland in 1841, which country he left when a child, witih his father, John Johnston, and came to America, settling in Ohio, where his father died in 1860. In 1864, Mr. Johnston en- listed in the 143d 0. 8. V., Co. C, three months' men, but was h6ld in the service five months, being assigned to the Army of the Potomac, under General Grant, before Petersburg and Richmond. Came to this county in 1869, and settled in Dover, and, in 1870, removed to this village, forming a copartnership with David Vermilya, in the manufacture of carriages and blaoksmithing ; owns the residence he now occupies, and a farm of ninety acres, valued at $3,000. Married Em- ma Birchfield in 1863 ; she was born in Ohio in 1844; have four children — Earl B., Minnie L., Millie M. and Jen- nie M. Both members of the Presby- terian Church. Jones, John, laborer. Auburn. KAPPES, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Kanotson, Oley. Kastor, J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Keiner, J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Kimpson, Thos., farmer, Sec. 30; P. 0. Eden. AUBUEN TOWNSHIP. 755 Kramer, J. H., farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Old Mission. Krosie, Geo. H., farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Old Mission. KUJOfEir, HENRY H., fai-mer. Sec. 8; P. O. Old Mission; born in Germany in 1835. Married Gertrude Staffus, who died in 1869; had three chUdren-r-Maggie, John and Teresa. Came to this country with his father, George H., in 1850 ; he is now 86 jears of age ; first settled in Pennsyl- vania two years, when he removed to Indiana, and, in 1854, came to this