SYRACUSE NURSERIES, a -US vS .Kivr" If/.. (i/ \j \.J . Catalogue Descriptive ZTJ WITH AN APPENDIX. ADVICE TO CORESPONDENTS 1. It is advisable to send in your orders early. 2. Write your orders plainly on a separate paper, and not in body of letter. State definitely vari- eties, age, size, and number, whether Standard or Dwarf, and route by which you wish the goods shipped. 3. All orders from unknown parties should be accompanied by cash or satisfactory reference. 4 . We are in no case responsible for loss or damage to goods iu transit. Our responsibility ceases on delivery to shipping agents. 5. If selection of varieties is left to us we will select according to our best judgment and long experience. 6. In case of any mistake on ourpart, immediate notice should be given, so that it may be rectified. REMARKS. To the planter or purchaser of nursery stock, at least three things are indispensable : first, varieties true to name ; second, healthy, vigorous, well matured trees or plants ; third, careful and judicious packing, without which all may be lost. We give the most careful scrutiny to the propagation of varieties, endeavoring by all methods known to us, to protect ourselves from error or imposition, and rejecting anything of which we have reason to feel suspicious. By such careful and constant watching and attention, we are warranted in offering our stock as pure and absolutely’true to name. Our soil being of a character best suited to produce the healthiest conditions of growth, that soiid, firm texture of the wood, with abundant fibrous root, so necessary to successful transplanting, we are enabled to offer the products of our Nurseries, with entire confidence, to planters in all sections of the country. We give to our packimr and shipping careful personal supervision, and to still further protect our patrons, as well as ourselves, against loss in this direction, we employ the most skilled and competent hands to assist us. We aim to keep fully abreast of an enlightened and cultivated taste, in the introduction of new and valuable varieties of fruit, and novelties and valuable acquisitions in ornamentals— accepting with pleasure every- thing that has real merit, we shall with equal readiness discard and discountenance the sale of worthless humbugs. By careful consideration of the wants of our trade and faithful attention to business, we hope to continue to merit and receive a share of the patronage of lovers and buyers of choice fruits and orna- mentals. ADVICE TO PLANTERS. Select thrifty young trees In preference to old or very large ones ; the roots are more tender and fibrous, and they bear transplanting better and far more apt to live ; they can also be more easily trimu»“d and shaped to any desired form, and in the course of a few years will usually outstrip the older ones in growth. THE SOIL. A rich loam is the best for fruit, made sufficiently dry by artificial draining, if necessary, but all o.ls may be made available by judicious treatment. PREPARATION FOR PLANTING. Plow and subsoil repeatedly, so as to thoroughly pulverize to a depth of 12 to IS Inches. When planting upon the lawn or grass plots, remove the sod for a diameter of 4 or 5 feet, and keep this apace well worked and free from weeds. Dig the hole deeper and larger than is necessary to admit all the roots in their natural position, keeping the surface and subsoil separate. Out oft' broken and bruised roots and shorten the tops to a half a dozen good buds, except for Fall planting, when it is better to defer top pruning until the following Spring. If not prepared to plant when your stock arrives, “heel in.” by digging a trench deep enough to admit air the roots and setting the trees therein as they can stand, carefully packing the earth about the roots, taking up when required. Never leave the roots exposed to tho sun and air, and 11 puddle” before planting. PLANTING. Fill up the hole with surface soil, so that the tree will stand about as it did when in the nursery after the earth has settled, except Dwarf Pears, which should be planted deep enough to cover the quince stock upon which they are budded two or three inches. Work the soil thoroughly among the roots, and when well covered tramp firmly. Set the tree firm as a post, but leave the surface filling lof poorer soil) light ar.d loose. No stakiug will be required except with very tall trees. Never let manure com* in contact with the roots Advice to Correspondents. b MULCHING. A covering of coarse manure, straw, marsh hay, or loose chip dirt, during the first season, will effectually prevent injury from drought, and is a benefit at all times. DAMAGED TREES. If stock is frozen when received, place the package in a cellar and entirely bury in sand until the frost is removed. If dried from long exposure oury in the ground or keep in water until the shriveled appearacce disappears. HOW TO WINTER TREES PROCURED IN THE FALL. The practice of procuring supplies of trees in the Fall is becoming more and more general as each season demonstrates its wisdom. To insure success you have only to get the trees before freezing weather, and bury them in the following manner: Choose a dry spot where no water will stand during the winter, with no grass near it to invite mice. Dig a trench, throwing out enough dirt to admit one kiyer of roots below the surface, and place the trees in it, inclined to an angle of 45 degrees or more, widen the trench, throwing the soil among the roots in position; place another layer in the trench, reclining the tops on the others, and so on until all are in the trench ; then finish by” throwing up more soil until the tops of the trees are nearly or quite covered. It is also well to bank up the earth around the sides to insure more thorough protection. The exposed tops should then be covered with pine boughs, which insures them against any possibility of injury. Care should be taken to fill solid all the interstices among the roots. In the Spring the roots will be found to have formed the granulation necessary to the production of new spongioles, and when planted at the proper time will start to im- mediate growth. If the trees are frozen when received, they should be buried immediately in the earth, tops and all, and allowed to thaw in this conditon. PLANT YOUNG TREES. We cannot too strongly recommend to our customers the procuring of young trees, especially for orchard planting, instead of selecting the largest that can be had, to secure more immediate effect. They can be taken up with more perfect roots, and will become sooner established in a new location. They can also be more readily trained to any desired shape. The largest and most successful planters invariably select young, thrifty trees as the surest in the end to give thorough satisfaction. For small grounds, or street planting, when it is necessary to make a show as soon as possible, large trees are often desirable, and when handled with care should not fail to do well, but with the general planter the average of loss will be much less, and both time and money will be saved if young trees are selected to commence with. DISTANCES FOR PLANTING. Standard Apples Standard Pears and strong growing Cherries Duke and Morello Cherries Standard Plums, Apricots, Peaches, Nectarines. Dwarf Pears Dwarf Apples Grapes Currants and Gooseberries Raspberries and Blackberries Straw terries, for field culture Strawberries, for garden culture 16 10 10 rows 10 to 16 feet apart, 7 3 3 1 1 30 feet apart each way. 20 “ 18 “ “ “ “ to 18 “ “ “ to 12 “ “ “ “ to 12 “ “ 41 44 to 16 feet in rows, to 4 feet apart, to 4 by 5 to 7 feet apart, to 134 bj' 3 to 3fcj ft. apart, to 2 feet apart. Note.— A most excellent way in planting an apple orchard 30 feet apart is to plant peaches in be- tween. By the time the apples require the ground the peaches will have passed their prime and can be removed. NUMBER OF TREES TO AN ACRE. 30 feet apart each way 50 25 “ 70 20 “ “ “ “ 110 18 “ “ u “ 135 15 “ “ “ *' 205 12 “ “ “ “ 300 10 feet apart each way. 8 4 “ ** ** , 6 44 5 n “ 4 4 * 3 “ “ “ “ . . 435 . 680 .1210 .1742 2723 .4840 Rule.— Multiply the distance in feet between the rows by the distance the plants are apart in the rows and the product will be the number of square feet for each plant or hill ; which, divided into the number of feet in an acre 1.43,500), will give the number of trees to an acre. p^L) IT DEPflpTIVIEriT. APPLIES. The first fruit, both in importance and general culture, is the Apple. Its period, unlike that of other fruits, extends nearly or quite through the year. By planting judi- cious selections of Summer, Autumn, and Winter sorts, a constant succession can be easily obtained of this indispensable fruit for family use. There is no farm crop which, on the average, will produce one-fourth as much income per acre as will a good apple orchard. As fruit has become cheaper on account of the increased supply, a large and con- stantly increasing European export has sprung up which affords highly remunerative prices for the best selected specimens of our orchards, while the process of “ Evaporation” of fruit has become a recognized auxiliary to the horticulture of the land. With the im- mense consumption by this process of evaporation, it may be doubted if apple orcharding will ever in any season be less than highly remunerative. All the surplus of orchards, all “wind-falls” and defective specimens can at once be gathered and sold at a fair price to the evaporating establishments which now exist in almost every town in all fruit growing sections. If apples are planted at the rate of fifty trees per acre, rows of peach trees era be planted between the apples, which, growing more quickly than the apple trees, soon protect them from the winds, and thus are a great benefit to them. After eight or ten years of productiveness, as the space is needed for apples, the peach trees may be removed, leaving the orchard better for the protection, and at the same time having yielded the planter a large return for his trouble. DWARF APPLES. The planting of Dwarf Apples has been attended with gratifying success. Almost all sorts succeed equally well when worked upon Paradise or Doucin stock ; the former pro- ducing a very small tree or shrub ; the latter a tree of considerable size, reaching some- times to 10 or 12 feet in height. These commence bearing fruit the second year after planting, and being as healthy as standard trees and productive are a great ornament and satisfaction. They should be planted from six to eight feet apart, and will produce fruit without the delay attending Standards. Being trained low, they are valuable for the West. Taking up but little room, they are especially adapted to village gardens of small eirtent, giving the owners a constant and sure supply of choice fruits, far superior to any which can be bought in market. VARIETIES OF SPECIAL MERIT. Great interest is now manifested in what are known as Russian and “Iron Clad Apples” — varieties sufficiently hardy to stand the extreme climate of the North and North-west and yet possessing the merits in quality and size of the standard sorts of a more temperate region. So great lias been the development in this direction, and so numerous and valuable have the kinds become that the complaint is no longer valid that good fruit cannot be produced in the far North or North-west. We mention as among the best and most prominent sorts, Duchess of Oldenburg, Tetofsky, Haas, Pewaukee, Wealthy, Walbridge, Alexander, Mann, McIntosh, McMahon’s White, Rubicon, Red tBeitigheimer, New Brunswick, and Yellow Transparent. SUMMER. American Summer Pearmain — Medium, oblong ; striped and dotted with red ; tender, juicy and rich ; good bearer. September. Astrachan Red — Large, roundish, nearly covered with deep crimson, overspread with a thick bloom ; juicy, rich, acid, beautiful ; a good bearer. August. Benoni — Medium size, nearly round ; deep red, with rich flavor. August. Benninger — Originated near Slatington, Pa. Large, roundish, slightly conical and striped, sunnyside nearly covered with purplish red. Flesh yellow and tender, mild, sub-acid, flavor delicious. Tree a strong upright grower 'and an annual bearer. Ripens in July and August. Carolina Red June — (lied June ) — Medium size, red; flesh white, tender, juicy, sub- acid; an abundant bearer. June. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 5 Early Harvest— Medium size, round, straw color ; tender, sub-acid and line ; produc- tive. Augflst. Early Strawberry— Medium ; roundish ; handsomely striped with red ; excellent ; pro- ductive. August. Early Ripe— A large yellow apple, ripening with or immediately after the Early Har- vest ; a popular market fruit. July. Golden Sweet— Large, pale yellow, very sweet and good ; good bearer. August. Jefferis— Rather large, roundish ; yellow, skin striped with red ; very rich, tender and juicy. This very beautiful variety is unsurpassed for the dessert. Aug. and Sept. Keswick Codlin— Large, tender, juicy ; excellent for cooking : productive, and early in bearing. July and August. Primate— Above medium, straw color, tinged with blush ; tender, juicy and sub-acid abundant bearer. August and September. Sweet Bough — Large, paJe greenish yellow ; tender and sweet ; good bearer. August Summer Queen— Medium to large ; yellow, streaked with red ; flesh tender, with an acid, aromatic flavor. July and August. Sops of Wine— Medium size, red ; flesh white, often stained ; mild and pleasant ; pro- ductive. August and September. Tetofsky— A Russian apple, profitable for market growing ; bears extremely early, us- ually the second year after transplanting, and bears every year ; hardy as a Crab ; fruit good size, yellow, beautifully striped with red ; juicy, pleasant, acid, aromatic. July and August. Western Beauty — (Summer Bambo )— Large to very large ; skin pale yellow, striped and splashed with red ; flesh light yellow, tender, juicy and melting ; flavor first rate. August and September. Williams’ Favorite— Above medium size ; deep red; mild and agreeable ; good bearer. July and August. AUTUMN. Autumn Strawberry— Medium streaked ; tender, juicy, fine ; productive, and very desirable. September and October. Colvert— A large, roundish, striped apple ; flesh whitish, juicy, sub-acid ; valuable for market. October and November. Chenango Strawberry — (Sherwood’s Favorite) — Color whitish, shaded, splashed and mottled with light and dark crimson ; flesh white, tender and juicy. Sept, and Oct. Duchess of Oldenburg— Russian, medium to large size ; skin yellow, streaked with red, and somewhat blushed, sometimes with a faint blue bloom ; flesh juicy and good, with a rich, sub-acid flavor ; productive. September. Fall Pippin— Very large, yellow ; tender, juicy and rich ; fine in all localities. October to December. Fall Jennetting — Large, greenish yellow, with a faint blush; flesh yellow, juicy and crisp, sub-acid. October and November. Fall Orange— Large size, nearly round ; yellow, sometimes a little dull red ; rather acid ; excellent for cooking ; a very early and abundant bearer. November. Gravenstein— Large, striped and beautiful ; tender, juicy and high flavored; produc- tive. September and October. Haas— (Gros Pommier, Fall Queen)— Medium to large, slightly conical and some what ribbed ; pale greenish yellow, shaded and striped with red ; flesh fine white, some- • times stained, tender, juicy, sub-acid, good. October and November. Jersey Sweet— Medium, striped red and green ; very rich, sweet and pleasant ; good bearer. September and October. Lady Henniker — Fruit very large ; roundish, with blunt angles on the sides ; skin yel- low on the shady side, with feint blush of red on the side next the sun ; flesh tender, well flavored, and with a pleasant perfume. Valuable for cooking, also as a dessert apple. Tree a free grower, very healthy, and a great bearer. Oct. and Nov. Lowell or Orange— Large, roundish, slightly conical, green, becoming rich yellow , surface oily, flesh yellowish white, sub-aci(l, excellent ; good bearer. Sept, and Oct. Maiden’s Blush— Rather large, oblate, smooth, regular, with a fine, evenly shaded, red cheek or blush on a clear, pale yellow ground, flesh white, tender, sprightly, with a pleasant, sub-acid flavor ; bears large crops. September and October. Munson Sweet— Large, pale yellow, with red cheek ; tender, rich and good ; fine bearer. October to January. Pumpkin Sweet— (Lyman’s)— Very large, roundish; skin smooth, pale green, becom- ing yellow next to the sun ; flesh white, sweet, rich and tender ; valuable for baaing. September to December. Porter— Rather large, regular, oblong, tapering to the eye ; skin bright yellow, some- times a dull blush in the sun ; fiesli tender, rich, sub-acid ; flavor tine : fair and pro- ductive. November. Deschu’tive and Illustrated Cataloouh op Rambo — Medium, yellowish, streaked with dull red and somewhat dotted ; mild, tender, good and productive. October to December. St. Lawrence— Large, yellowish, streaked and splashed with carmine ; flesh white, lightly stained, crisp, juicy, tender and vinous ; tree hardy and productive. Septem- ber and October. Twenty Ounce (Cayuga Red Streak) — Very large, nearly round ; yellow, striped with red ; quality good ; good bearer ; popular as a market variety. ' Nov. and Dec. WINTER. American Golden Russet (Bullock’s Pippin, Sheep Nose) — Medium or small, roundish ovate ; clear golden russet ; very tender, juicy, rich ; more resembles in texture a buttery pear than an apple ; good bearer. November to January. Bailey’s Sweet— Fruit large, round, mottled and striped deep red ; flesh yellow ann tender, with a mild, rich, sweet flavor. October. Baldwin — Large, roundish; deep bright red ; juicy, crisp, sub-acid, good flavor; very productive of fair, handsome fruit ; one of the best and most popular Winter apples. January to April. Ben Davis' (New York Pippin. Kentucky Streak, Ac.) — Large, handsome, striped, and of good quality ; productive ; a late keeper ; highly esteemed in the West and South- west, December to March. Canada Reinette— Extra large size ; color light greenish yellow, ydth frequently a faint blush on the side exposed to the sun ; many small, dark specks suffused with light green beneath the skin ; flesh white, juicy, crisp, sub-acid. December to May. Cranberry Pippin— A strikingly beautiful apple, and excellent for cooking; smooth, light yellow, with bright scarlet cheek ; juicy, sub-acid. November to February. Cooper’s Market — Medium size ; conical ; shaded and striped with red on yellow ; flesh white and tender, with a brisk, sub-acid flavor ; hardy and productive. December to May. Clermont— New, and said to resemble in appearance the Yellow Newtown Pippin; fruit medium to large, somewhat irregular : skin smooth, except where russet prevails ; rich orange yellow when ripe ; flesh firm, rich yellow, fine grained, mild sub-acid, rich and very good. February to March. English Russet-Fruit medium size, very regular, slightly conical; pale greenish yellow, about two-thirds covered with russet ; flesh yellowish white, firm and crisp, with pleasant, slightly sub-acid, flavor. January to 'May. Ewalt (Bullock's Pippin) — A fine, showy apple ; very large," roundish, slightly conical ; bright yellow, shaded with crimson on the sunny side ; flesh white, tender, brisk sub-acid. November to March. Fameuse (Snow apple)— Medium size, roundish, very handsome ; deep crimson ; flesh snowy white, tender, juicy, high flavored and delicious. Tree vigorous, productive and very hardy. November to February. Fallawater (Tulpehoeken, Pound, &c.) — A very large, dull red apple, of good quality ; productive. November to February. Grimes’ Golden (Grimes’ Golden Pippin)— An apple of the highest quality, equal to tig best Newtown ; medium to large size ; yellow ; productive ; grown in Southern Ohio. January to April. Green Sweet — Medium size ; skin green, somewhat dotted ; juicy and very sweet ; one of the best winter sweet apples. December to April. Hubbardston Nonsuch— Large, striped yellow and red ; tender, juicy and fine. Strong, good bearer. November to May. Jonathan — Fruit medium or small, roundish ; skin yellow, nearly covered with dark or lively red ; fine grained, very tender and finely flavored. November to April. Krauser — A fine, medium size, yellow apple ; originated in Berks County, Pa., popular in its native locality on account of its handsome appearance and good keeping qual- ities. December to April. King (Tompkins County)—Large and handsome ; striped red and yellow ; productive One of the best. November to May. Lady Apple— A beautiful little dessert fruit ; flat, pale yellow, with a deep red cheek ; juicy, rich and pleasant. November to May. Ladies’ Sweet— A large, handsome, red apple ; juicy, sweet and good. Dec. to May. Monmouth Pippin (Red Creek Pippin) — Large, greenish yellow, with a fine red cheek , juicy, tender and good ; productive. March to April. Newtown Pippin — One of the very best apples, of high quality. Very juicy, crisp, and delicious flavor; requires high culture for the best fruit; fine keeper; Dec. to May. Northern Spy — Large, roundish, slightly conical, somewhat ribbed ; striped, with the sunny side nearly covered with purplish red. Flesh white and tender, with a mild sub-acid, rich and delicious flavor. The tree should be kept open by nruning, so as to admit the air and light freely. January to June. Kkuit am) Ornamental Trees, Surubs, Plants, Etc. 7 Nickajack — A large, roundish, striped apple of fair quality ; very hardy and produc- tive ; popular in the South. December to April. Peck’s Pleasant — Large, pale yellow : very tender and rich, with a Newtown Pippin flavor. Fine hearer. November to March. Pewaukee — A seedling from Duchess of Oldenburg. Fruit medium to large, obovate, waved; surface bright yellow, partially covered with dull red, striped and splashed, covered with a gray bloom and overspread with whitish dots ; flesh yellowish white, breaking juicy ; flavor, sub-acid, rich, aromatic, spicy, something like Jonathan ; quality good to best. January to June. Pomme Grise — A rather small and beautiful gray russet apple, with a slight blush next the sun ; flesh tender and high flavored. December to April. Rawle’s Janett (Never Fail) — Medium, roundish, ovate; greenish yellow, striped with red ; crisp, rich and juicy ; one of the best and longest keepers in the South and Southwest. February to April. Rome Beauty — Large, yellow, shaded with bright red ; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sub-acid. November to February. Ribston Pippin — Fruit medium to large, splashed and mixed dull red on yellow, with slight russet ; flesh yellow, crisp and juicy, with acid, aromatic flavor; adapted to Northern localities.* October to January. Red Canada (Old Nonsuch of Mass. , Steele’s Red Winter) — Medium, oblate, red; tender, crisp, rich sub-acid, refreshing and delicious ; productive. Jan. to May. Rhode Island Greening — Large, greenish yellow ; tender, juicy and rich, with rather an acid flavor ; an abundant bearer. December to April. Russet, Roxbury or Boston— Medium to large ; greenish or yellow russet ; crisp, good sub-acid flavor ; productive. Very popular on account of its long keeping. Janu- ary to June. Salome— Tree a strong grower ; equals Wealthy in hardiness ; holds its fruit firmly, even against strong wind storms ; an early and annual bearer, although a heavier crop on alternate years ; fridt of medium and uniform size : quality very good, which it retains even into summer ; keeps well with ordinary care until July, and has been kept in excellent condition until October. Seek-no-Further (Westfield)— Medium to large; slightly russeted, with dull red stripes; tender, rich, spicy and fine. Good bearer. November to February. Smith’s Cider — A handsome fruit, large, oblong, somewhat flattened ; skin yellow, changing to red; flesh tender, juicy, crisp, with pleasant sub-acid flavor. Dec to Mar. Smokehouse— Large, yellow, shaded with bright red ; flesh firm, criso. juicy and fine flavored. October to November. Spitzenberg, Esopus— Medium to large ; deep red ; flesh yellow, crisp, sub-acid, high flavored. Bears and grows well transplanted in rich soil. November to April. Sutton Beauty — Fruit medium or above, roundish, oblate, conic ; waxen yellow, shaded, mottled and obscurely striped with fine crimson; flesh whitish, crisp, tender, juicy ; sprightly sub-acid. November to February. Swaar— Large, pale lemon yellow, with dark dots ; tender, with a mild, rich, agreeable flavor ; one of the best. November to May. Tallman Sweeting— Medium, pale yellow, slightly tinged with red ; firm, rich, and very sweet ; the most valuable baking apple ; productive. November to April. Tewkesbury Winter Blush— Small, yellow, with red cheek ; flesh firm, juicy, and fine flavored; keeps until late in spring. January to July. Vandevere— Medium ; yellow ground ; flesh light yellow, rich, sub-acid flavor ; early bearer. December to February. Wagener — Medium to large ; deep red in the sun ; flesh firm, sub-acid and excellent ; very productive ; bears very young. December to May. Western Beauty— Fruit roundish oblate, conical, greenish yellow, nearly covered wit*, pale dull red, striped with darker shade; flesh greenish white, not firm, tender, mild sub-acid, good. November to February. Willow Twig— Large, roundish, greenish yellow, striped with dull red ; flesh firm, rather tough ; early bearer, and considered valuable in the South and West, where it is popular ; profitable as a late keeper. April to May. Winesap— Medium, dark red ; sub-acid, excellent ; abundant bearer. A favorite mar- ket variety in the West. December to May. Yellow Bellflower— Large, yellow, with pale blush ; very tender, juicy, sub-acid ; in use all Winter. November to April. , _ York Imperial— Medium, oblate ; white, shaded with crimson. Flesh firm, crisp, juicy and sub-acid. A good bearer and keeper- one of the best winter apples. Dec. to Feb 8 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op VARIETIES OF SPECIAL MERIT. Antonovka — Russian. Tree perfectly hardy, a true “Iron Clad.” Fruit large, re sembling Grimes’ Golden, only more obiong, and, when ripe, has a light golden color. In season during February and March. Arnold’s Beauty — Seedling of Northern Spy, crossed with Wagner and Spitzenberg. Tree hardy, an abundant bearer ; bright yellow, with red ; flesh firm, juicy, rich aromatic. January to May, Alexander (Emperor)— -Large, deep red or crimson ; flesh yellowish white, crisp, tender with pleasant flavor. Very hardy. October. Aucubafolia — A new apple of the Russian class. Tree very hardy ; an early and abund- ant bearer, with distinctly variegated leaves, very ornamental. Fruit good size, roundish ; slightly conical ; striped, with the side nearly covered with red ; flesh tine brisk, sub-acid. November and December. Belle de Boskoop — Large size ; bright yellow, washed with light red on sunny side flesh crisp, firm, juicy, sprightly, sub-acid. Quality very good, a late keeper. Bethel — Origin, Bethel, Vermont. Esteemed for the hardiness of the tree, and good quality of the fruit ; fruit good size, roundish, oblong ; yellow, ground striped with beautiful red, and dotted with fine red and white spots ; very best quality, and valu- able for the North. New. December to February. Bottle Greening — Resembling Rhode Island Greening, but tree a better grower and much hardier. A native of Vermont. December to March. Clark’s Orange — Originated in Pewaukee, Wis. Fruit medium to large, nearly round like an orange ; skin yellow, covered partially with vermilion and carmine striped; very smooth and beautiful ; flesh white, juicy, sub-acid. Good for dessert or cooking. November to January. Delaware Red — Medium to large ; bright red. highly colored ; flesh fine grained ; crisp juicy, sub-acid ; excellent. Remarkable for its long keeping qualities, and an early and abundant bearer. Gideon — Raised in Minnesota from Crab seed by Mr. Gideon. An upright grower medium to large ; color yellow, with vermilion blush on sunny side." Mild acid quality, very good. 1 Gano — Originated in Missouri. Form conical, good size and smooth ; deep red, shaded on sunny side to mahogany, very attractive ; flesh pale yellow, fine grained, tender, pleasant, mild, sub-acicl ; is a good shipper and keeper ; tree healthy, vigorous and hardy. An annual and prolific bearer. February to May. Huntsman’s Favorite — Large, pale yellow, with shades of red, or deep yellow in the sun ; flesh pale yellow, crisp, tender, juicy, mild, sub-acid. December. Hyde’s King— Large to very large ; yellowish green ; good quality ; a remarkable keeper. Keeps the year round. Fourth of July — A very hardy apple ; bears early ; medium size ; yellow with a white bloom, striped and splashed with red. August and September. Heibernal — This is a Russian variety said to be more hardy than the Duchess of Olden- burg ; large size ; handsomely colored with red stripes ; ripening in late fall, but keeps till midwinter. Hastings — Very hardv ; good bearer ; fruit above medium ; skin yellow, nearly covered with deep, rich crimson. Excellent quality, very desirable. November to February. Hurlbut — Fruit medium size, oblate, angular ; skin yellow with red stripes and splashed with red; flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid; quality very good. A great bearer. October to December. Hnmphrey — New. A seedling of the Northern Spy, which it strongly resembles in quality and appearance, but is a much longer" keeper. It originated in Northern New York, and is very hardy. A most excelent and desirable sort. Jan to June. Ivanhoe — Originated in Virginia. Tree, vigorous and productive; an unusually early bearer anu long keeper ; medium sized ; light golden yellow, with a shade of blush on sunny side. Winter. Lawver — Large, dark red, covered with small dots ; flesh white, firm, crisp, sprightly, aromatic, mild sub-acid ; a beautiful and desirable fruit. January to May. Langford Seedling — Originated in Kent County, Md. Tree a stout grower ; bears young and every year ; flesh firm, juicy, mild, sub-acid. January to May. Lon'gfield — A Russian variety imported some years since. Tree a free, upright grower, early and abundant bearer. Medium to large; yellowish green, thickly covered with red stripes ; a decided blush on sunny side ; rich, sprightly, sub-acid ; very good, December to March. Magog Red Streak — Origin, Vermont. Bears annually large crops ; valuable for its extreme hardiness, vigor, productiveness and long keeping ; fruit medium or nearly so ; roundish, inclining to oblong ; skin light yellow, shaded and faintly striped and splashed with light red over halt the fruit ; flesh yellowish ; a little coarse, moder ately juicy ; mild, sub-acid. December to March. Fruit and (Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 9 Mann — New. An upright grower, forming a round head ; fruit medium to large, roundish, oblate ; skin deep yellow when fully ripe, with sometimes a shade of brownish red where exposed ; flesh yellowish, juicy, mild, pleasant, sub-acid ; good to very good. Will keep as long as Roxbury Russet. May to June. McIntosh Red — Originated in Ontario. Tree very hardy, long lived ; good annual bearer of fair, handsome fruit of excellent qualitv, for home or market use. Fruit above medium, roundish, oblate ; skin whitish yellow, very nearly covered with dark rich red or crimson, almost purplish in the sun. Flesh white, tine, very tender, juicy, mild, sub-acid, very promising. November to February. Missouri Pippin — Medium to large ; pale, whitish yellow, splashed with light and dark red ; flesh whitish, crisp, moderately juicy, sub-acid. January to April. Nerthwestern Greening — Fruit large, greenish yellow, and remarkable as a keeper ; fruits of 1884 and 1885 exhibited side by side. ” Origin uncertain. Ostrokoff— Russian. — Tree hardy and a good grower ; fruit medium sized, conical, greenish yellow, ripening in midwinter. McMahon’s White — Originated in Wisconsin, and has for several seasons endured a cold of forty degrees below zero. Fruit large, white, striped with pale red ; flesh white, fine grained and tender. In season during midwinter. New Brunswick — New. Fruit above medium ; skin whitish yellow, covered with dark rich crimson ; flesh very firm ; an excellent culinary and market fruit. Origi nated in New Brunswick. October to November. Nodhead (Jewett’s Fine Red) — A native of New Hampshire. Tree very hardv and much prized in Northern New England. Fruit medium, greenish white, striped witherim son. Flesh tender, juicy, very pleasant ; almost white. Peach (Irish Peach) — Medium size, round or little flattened ; yellowish green, streaked with brownish red. Flesh white, tender and juicy. Tree very hardy ; highly prized in extreme North. September. Plumb’s Cider — An early bearer and very productive ; fruit medium, roundish, slightly conical ; skin greenish yellow, shaded and rather obscurely striped and splashed with dull red ; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, mild, sub-acid. Sep. to Jan. Red Annis— From the upper Volga, Russia, and there highly prized and largely grown With one exception grown the farthest north of any known variety. Medium sized ; red, highly colored ; flesh white, firm in texture. Red Beitigheimer — A rare and valuable German variety. Fruit large to very large, roundish, inclining to conical ; stalk short, stout, in a deep cavity, calyx closed in a large, deep basin ; skin pale, cream colored ground, mostly covered with purplish crimson ; flesh white, firm, sub-acid, with a brisk, pleasant flavor. Tree a free grower and abundant bearer. This is one of the largest and handsomest apples, and worthy of extensive cultivation. September. Rolfe— New. Originated in Maine about the 45th degree. Fruit large, of magnificent appearance ; color dark red ; an abundant and annual bearer, and where known, the fruit outsells all others of its season. Quality prime, both for eating and cooking. One of the very best. November to January. Rubicon — A new apple said to be very hardy and valuable for the North. Fruit round- ish, above medium in size ; yellow, mostly covered with bright rich red; flesh yellow- ish and firm ; juicy, brisk, sub-acid ; very good. February to March. Shiawasse Beauty — Fruit medium sized, rather conical, marbled and striped with red ; flesh white, very firm, tender, juicy, brisk, refreshing, sub-acid. A very beautiful and desirable apple. October to January. Stark — Grown in Ohio, and valued as a long keeper, a profitable market fruit. Fruit large, roundish ; skin greenish yellow, shaded and striped with light and dark red nearly over the whole surface, and thickly sprinkled with light brown dots ; flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, mild, sub-acid. January to May. Switzer — Russian. Tree a vigorous grower ; fruit resembles Fameuse in appearance ; flesh tender and juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor ; excellent for the dessert or table use. Late fall and early winter. Stump — A well tried apple, but recently introduced to the public. Of good size ; roundish, conical. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, tender, sprightly sub-acid. Greenish- yellow, shaded with red. Beautifully fair, and has commanded the very highest prices wherever shown. October to December. Titovka — Russian. Tree verv hardy and productive. This is the greatest market apple of Russia. Medium sized, pale yellow, shaded and striped with dark crim- son ; ripens through autumn. Ukrainskoe— Russian. Tree very hardy and bears while young ; fruit in size and shape resembles a Northern Spy ; flesh coarse, sub-acid : fine for cooking. Keeps through midwinter. 10 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op Utter’s Large Red— Large and handsome, very uniform in size ; a profuse bearer, quality good. One of the most hardy sorts. December and January. Walbridge— A new early variety, very desirable for extreme cold sections, having stood uninjured in Minnesota, where all but most hardy varieties have failed. Fruit medi- um size, handsome, striped with red ; quality good ; productive. March to June. Wealthy— A new variety from .Minnesota ; healthy, hardy and very productive. Fruit medium, oblate, skin smooth, whitish yellow, shaded with deep red in the sun, splashed and spotted in the shade. Flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, lively, sub-acid, very good. December to February. Wolf River— A new and beautiful fruit of the very largest size. Originated near W olf River, AVis., and may well be classed among the iron-clads Skin greenish yellow, shaded with crimson ; flesh white, juicy, tender, with a peculiar, pleasant, mild, sub-acid flavor. Tree a strong, stout grower, and a great bearer. Jan. and Feb. Yellow Transparent (Russian Transparent)— A very early Russian apple, of good qual- ity and decided merits ; size medium ; color when ripe pale yellow ; sprightly, sub acid ; great bearer ; July. Crab Apples. Are quite profitable for market, coming into bearing quite early. Some of the vari- eties are not only good for culinary purposes, but are especially desirable for table use. There are several points to which we wish to call attention, and on which we base our recommendation of these hardy fruits : 1st. They can be planted on any kind of soil, and in the most exposed situations, with perfect safety. 2d. They will stand the severity of the changes of the coldest weather. 3d. They will come into bearing very early, often in the second year from plant- ing, and bear every year. 4th. They are very productive, giving large crops of beautiful fruit. 5th. They are unequalled for cider or vinegar. 6th. Sonic of them are pre-eminently dessert fruits, being of superior quality and strikingly handsome. 7th. They can be dried, cooked, canned or preserved with the skin on, saving a great amount of trouble. 8th. The size of the fruit varies from 1J to 21 inches in diameter, being large enough to quarter and core for drying, etc. The following are the most valuable varieties : Excelsior — Raised from seed of Wealthy, in Minnesota. Very hardy, productive, and one of the best flavored varieties ; ripens in September. Gen’l Grant — Tree a vigorous and upright grower ; fruit large, round, red to very dark red; flesh white, tender, mild sub-acid; excellent for dessert, and one of the best Crabs introduced. October. Hesper Rose — A good bearer ; fruit a little smaller than General Grant ; equally good. November to January. Hewes Virginia — Rather small, round ; dull red and dotted with white ; acid somewhat astringent ; esteemed for cider. October. Hyslop— Almost as Targe as Early Strawberry Apple ; deep crimson ; very popular, on account of its large size, beauty and hardiness. October to January. Large Red Siberian — About an inch in diameter, grown in clusters ; yellow, lively scarlet cheek ; bears young and abundantly. September to October. Lady Elgin— A new and promising little apple ; fruit small, fair and handsome : a very tender, delightful fruit to eat out of hand. October. Marengo— Fruit large; yellow, shaded with bright red; flesh white and juicy when ripe; mild sub-acid. January to May. Martha — From Minnesota. Immensely vigorous, hardy, productive every year. Mr. Gideon says : “ For sauce it surpasses any apple we ever grew.” A great ac- quisition. October. Montreal Beauty— Fruit large ; bright yellow, mostly covered and shaded with rich red. Flesh yellowish, rich, firm and acid ; very good. October to November. Orion— A new and very desirable Crab. Bright red ; one of the best. October. Orange— An annual and abundant bearer. Fruit larger than Transcendant. Flesh firm, crisp, juicy and delicious. October to December. Quaker Beauty — A hardy sort ; bears large crops of fine fruit. December to May Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 11 Queen's Choice — Fruit as large as Transcendant, bright yellow, with a beautiful blush cheek ; grows in large clusters ; flesh tine-grained, juicy and good. October. Souiard — Valuable as a cooking apple ; sour and astringent as an eating apple, but has, when cooked, a line quince-like flavor ; color green, becoming yellow in the spring ; keeps well until July; very productive. January to June. Transcendant— Tree immensely productive, bearing after second year, and producing good crops by the fourth season. Fruit from one-and-a-half to two inches in diameter, being large enough to quarter and core for preserving and drying. Excellent for sauce and pies, both green and dried. The best of its class for cider, being juicy and crisp, and is also by many considered a good eating apple. Skin yellow, striped with red. September and October. Van Wyck Sweet — Fruit very large ; skin yellowish white, colored light red, and covered with bloom; flesh* yellowish white; very sweet and tender; small core. Oct ober and November. Whitney’s Seedling — Large, averaging one and a half to two inches in diameter; skin smooth, glossy, green, striped, splashed with carmine ; flesh firm, juicy and flavor very pleasant ; ripens latter part of Aug. Tree a great bearer and very hardy; a vigorous, handsome grower, with a dark green, glossy foliage. August. Yellow Siberian — Nearly as large as the above; fine amber or golden yellow color September and October. The cultivation of this noble fruit is extending as its value is appreciated. The range of varieties is such that, like apples, they can be had in good eating condition from August until early Spring. The Pear, like most things highly desirable and valuable, cannot be had without attention, labor and skill. The relative price of the Apple and Pear being about as one to ten, show at the same time the superior value of the latter, and the greater skill re quired to bring it to perfection. One of the most important points in the management of Pears, is to gather them at the proper time. Summer Pears should be gathered at least ten days before they are ripe, and Autumn Pears at least a fortnight. Winter varieties, if they will hang so long, may be left until the leaves begin to fall. At the present time the demand is for choice fruit, and should have the best kind of cultivation ; the fruit should be thinned so as not to over-produce. Care should be used in selecting for market only the best specimens and with such effort and system on the part of the grower, they will yield a satisfactory profit. The Pear succeeds on most soils, but does best on a rather heavy loam. Budded on its own stock, it makes a standard tree, and on the French or Angers Quince, a dwarf, the former being best adapted to large permanent orchards, the latter for yards and gardens. Dwarfs must always be planted sufficiently deep to cover the junction of the Pear and Quince two or three inches — the soil made rich and well tilled, and about one- half of the previous Summer’s growth cut off each Spring. Under this treatment, Dwarfs are everywhere successful. The side branches should not be removed higher than one foot from the ground in Dwarfs, while Standards may be trimmed to the height desired. Train in pyramidal form. Ripen the fruit in the house. Gather when, on gently lifting the fruit, the stem will readily separate from the limb. Place in a dark room until fully matured. Winter Pears may hang on the trees until there is danger from frost, then place in a dry cellar for maturing. The letters “ D ” and “S” appended to the description of varieties, indicate favor- able growth, either as “ Dwarfs ” or “Standard,” or both. Those designated as “ mod- erate growers ” are usually smaller trees. Bartlett — Large size, with often a beautiful blush next the sun ; but tery, very juicy and high flavored ; bears early and abundantly; very popular. 1). and S. Aug. and Sept. Blood good — Medium ; yellow, touched with russet ; rich and delicious ; first quality. D. and S. August. Beurre Assomption — This is an early French variety; fruit large and tree productive. D. and S. July and August. Beurre Giffard — An excellent variety ; medium ; greenish yellow, red in the sun ; very early; very productive. D. and S. August. SUMMER. 12 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of LINCOLN, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. .13 Brandywine — Above medium, yellowish green ; melting, sweet ; productive. D. and S. August. Brockworth Park, or Bonny d’Ezee — A new, large and beautiful pear ; juicy, melting and excellent. D. and S. September. Chambers’ (Early Harvest or Kentucky) — Originated in Maryland, and valued as a profitable early variety. Recommended by the Kentucky Horticultural Society as the best and most profitable market pear of its season. Fruit medium to large ; rich, golden yellow, with red cheek next the sun, thickly covered with gray dots. D. and S. August. Clapp’s Favorite — Very large ; yellowish green to full yellow when ripe, marbled with dull red in the sun, and covered with small russet specks, vinous, melting and rich. D. and S. August. Dearborn’s Seedling— Nearly medium size ; light yellow, sprinkled with small dots, juicy, melting and fine ; an abundant bearer. D. and S. August. Doyenne d’Ete — Scarcely medium size ; yellowish, with a fine blush ; juicy, sugary and rich ; very early; fine on quince. D. and S. August. Kingsessing — Large, greenish yellow ; flesh juicy, buttery, with a rich perfumed flavor. D. and S. September. Lawson, or Comet — New ; the tree is a vigorous, upright grower ; productive, bears young and early in the season ; foliage clean and healthy; yellow;, flushed with the most beautiful crimson ; flesh crisp and juicy; a firm, good shipper. Le Conte — A cross between the Chinese Sand Pear and some other variety unknown. Of remarkable vigor and beauty of growth. The fruit is bell-shaped ; of a rich creamy yellow when ripe ; very smooth and fine-looking, and ships well ; esteemed in some parts of the South. August. Madeleine — Medium ; yellowish green ; very juicy, melting, sweet ; a fair grower and productive. D. and S. August. Manning’s Elizabeth — Small to medium ; bears in clusters ; crimson and gold color ; very beautiful, melting, rich, sugary, sprightly, perfumed flavor ; excellent ; very productive. One of the best early pears. August, Osband’s Summer — Medium, yellow, with red cheek ; half melting, mild and pleasant ; fine flavor and excellent ; productive. D. and S. August, Petite Marguerite — Medium size, skin greenish yellow, with brownish red cheek, and covered with greenish dots. Flesh fine, melting, juicy, vinous, and of first quality. Upright grower, and an early and abundant bearer. Succeeds admirably as a stand- ard or dwarf. August and September. Rostiezer — Medium, yellowish green, with a brown «heek ; flesh juicy, sweet and ex- cellent. D. and S. September. Souvenir du Congres — Fruit large to very large, resembling in form the Bartlett ; skin smooth, of a handsome yellow at maturity, washed with bright red or carmine on the side exposed to the sun. Flesh much like the Bartlett, having the musky flavor, though in a less degree. D. and S. September. Tyson — Medium size, bright yellow ; cheek shaded with reddish brown, buttery, very melting ; flavor nearly sweet, aromatic, excellent, D. and S. September. Wilder — Originated in N. Y. Tree a vigorous grower, rather small. Yellow, with a red cheek, fine quality; ripens very early, not inclined to rot at the core. AUTUMN. Belle Lucrative (Fondante d’Automme) — A fine, large pear, yellowish green, slightly russetted ; melting and delicious ; productive. One of the best Autumn pears. September and October. Beurre Clairgeau — Large ; skin yellow, inclined to fawn, shaded with orange and crim- son, covered with russet dots ; flesh yellow, buttery, juicy, somewhat granular, wit* a sugary, perfumed, vinous flavor. D. and S. October and November. Beurre Hardy — A pear of good size ; cinnamon russet ; melting and fine. Tree a good bearer. One of the finest pears. D. and S. October. Beurre Bose — A large, fine pear, russetty yellow, slightly brownish red in the sun ; flesh white, melting, juicy, sweet, perfumed ; productive". 8. September and October. Beurre Diel— Large, dull yellow, dotted ; sugary, rich and delicious. D. and S. Oc- tober and December. Beurre d’ Anjou — Large, greenish, sprinkled with russet, sometimes shaded with dull crimson ; flesh whitish, buttery, melting, with a high, rich, vinous, excellent flavor ; very productive ; succeeds well on the quince ; should be in every orchard. D. and S. October to January. Beurre Superfin — Medium, pale green ; melting, juicy and good ; very productive. D. and S. October. 14 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Buffum — Medium size, yellow, somewhat covered with reddisli brown and russet ; but- tery, sweet and excellent. D. and S. September and October. Duchess d’Angouleme — Very large, dull greenish yellow, streaked and spotted with russet ; flesh white, buttery and very juicy, with a rich and very excellent flavor ; on young standard trees the fruit is variable, but on the quince, to which stock this variety seems well adapted, it is always fine ; a general favorite. D. and S. Octo- ber and November. I Boyenne Boussock — Large, lemon yellow, a little russetted ; melting, juicy, w r ith a sprightly, vinous flavor. S. October. Doyenne White (Virgalieu) — Medium, pale yellow, with a faint blush ; tine flavor. D. and 8. October and November. Doyenne du Comice — Large, yellow, with crimson and fawn cheek, and russet dots ; melting, rich, perfumed and luscious ; productive. October and November. Dr. Reeder — Fruit medium, skin yellow, covered with russet ; flesh melting, juicy, sweet, with musky perfume ; tree hardy and very productive ; very good. S. Nov. Eastern Belle — Originated near Bangor, Maine. Seedling of Belle Lucrative, which it somewhat resembles ; hardy enough to endure the cold of all Northern sections. Flesh juicy, rich and melting, with a musky flavor. September. S. Edmunds — Large, bright yellow, often marbled with red in the sun ; melting, sweet perfumed ; good bearer. D. and S. September and October. Flemish Beauty— Large, beautiful, juicy, melting, rich and tine ; good bearer ; hardy everywhere. D. and S. September and October. Frederick Clapp — Above medium, lemon yellow, sprightly, acidulous, rich, superior to Beurre Superfin ; best. October and November. Garber’s Hybrid— Tree very vigorous, healthy and productive : fruit medium sized, pyriform, light yellow, with a distinct quince-like flavor ; valuable for canning. September. Goodale — Originated at Saco, Maine. Fruit large, flesh white, juicy, melting, of excel- lent flavor and quality. Tree lmrdy and upright in growth, and uniformly produc- ti.e; valuable. October. Howell — Large, light, waxen yellow, with a fine red cheek ; handsome, rich, sweet, melting, perfumed, aromatic flavor. An early and profuse bearer. Very hardy and valuable. D. and S. September and October. Idaho — Size large, nearly globular, obtusely ribbed ; color light rich yellow, surface covered with many small dots ; cavity very deep and narrow, and strongly furrowed, stem small, calyx closed ; flesh white, fine grained, buttery, melting and rich. September and October. Kieffer’s Hybrid— Raised from seed of the Chinese Sand Pear, accidently crossed with the Bartlett or some other kind grown near it. Tree has large, dark green, glossy leaves, and is of itself very ornamental ; is an early and very prolific bearer. The fruit is of good quality, wonderfully showy and valuable for the table and market. It never rots at the core, and is as nearly blight-proof as is possible for any pear to be. D. and S. October and November. Louise Bonne de Jersey— Rather large, greenish yellow, with a bright red cheek; juicy, buttery and melting, excellent ; very productive. I). and S. Sept, and Oct. Onondaga (Swan's Orange) — A very large, melting and highly flavored yellow pear ; productive. 1). and 3. October and November. President— Raised by Dr. Shurtliff, of Massachusetts, where it is very popular. Fruit large, roundish, obvate ; somewhat irregular ; flesh yellowish white, rather coarse, juicy, slightly vinous. Good. November. Rutter — Fruit medium to large, and nearly globular ; skin rough, greenish yellow, sprinkled with russet ; flesh white, moderately juicy, nearly melting, sweet, slightly vinous; good bearer. Very good. October and November. Sheldon — Medium size ; yellow on greenish russet, with a richly shaded cheek ; flesh a little coarse, melting, juicy, with a very brisk, vinous, highly perfumed flavor; pro- ductive. S. October. Seckel — Small ; skin rich yellowish brown when fully ripe, with a deep brownish red cheek; flesh very finegrained, sweet, exceedingly juicy, melting, buttery; the richest and highest flavored pear known. September and October. WINTER. Beurre Easter — Large ; vellow, sprinkled with brown dots, often dull red cheek ; quality good. One of the best Winter pears. Best on quince. Dec. to Feb. 1). Dana’s Hovey — Small size ; color yellowish russet ; flesh yellowish white, juicy, melt- ing, with a sugary rich, aromatic flavor, too small for a market variety, but as an amateur sort, most desirable. November and December. S. Duchess de Bordeaux — Large size, with a very thick, tough skin, which renders it a most valuable keeper for Winter use ; flesh melting, juicy, rieh. Dec. to Mar. S. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 15 Glout Morceau — Dirge, sweet, melting, juicy and buttery ; one of the best early Winter pears ; productive. December. D. Josephine de Malines— Medium, yellow, slightly russet ; flesh buttery, juicy and sweet ; a fine keeper ; productive. December to March. D. Lawrence — Rather large, yellow, covered with brown dots : flesh whitish, slightly gianua'r, somewhat buttery, with a very rich, aromatic flavor, unsurpassed among the early Winter pears ; succeeds well on the quince ; ripens with little care ; should be in eve: orchard ; tree healthy, hardy and productive. Nov. and Dec. S. Mt. Vernon-- Medium size ; light russet, reddish in the sun ; flesh yellowish, juicy and aromatic : early bearer. A very good late pear. December. 1). and S. President Drouard — A very' good looking and large Winter pear, with a delicate and abundant perfume ; melting and juicy. March to May. D. and S. Vicar of Winkfield (Le Cure) — Large, long ; not first quality, but desirable for its pro ductiveness. Best on quince. November to January, t). and S Winter Nelis — Medium size ; yellowish green and russet; fine grained, melting, non and delicious ; one of the best Winter pears ; very productive. December. 8 The Peach Tree requires a well (trained, moderately rich soil — a warm, sandy loam is probably the best. In order to preserve the continued “healthy growth of the trees and the fine quality of the fruit, the trees should have the shoots and branches shortened every year, so as to preserve a round, vigorous head with plenty of young wood ; and the land should not be seeded to grass, but kept in constant cultivation. The following have been selected after an examination of more than one hundred different sorts in bearing, the best only being chosen. They furnish a succession for about two months, commencing the early part of August. Alexander — From Illinois; very early; of good size, well grown specimens measuring eight inches in circumference, handsome and regular in form with deep maroon shade, covered with the richest tint of crimson, rich and good in quality with a vinous flavor ; free-stone. July. Amsden — Very early; the fruit has remarkably keeping and carrying qualities; round- ish, a little flattened, with a slight suture. Color red. beautifully shaded and mot- tled with a very dark red, nearly covering the greenish white ground. Flesh white, with a delicious flavor. July. Barnard’s Early — Medium to large ; yellow, cheek purplish red, flesh yellow, red at the stone, juicy, sweet and rich. One of the very best yellow fleshed peaches. Sep- tember. Clarissa — New, very large, yellow flesh, fine flavor and appearance. October. Cooledge’s Favorite — Large white, with crimson cheek; flesh pale, very melting and juicy, with a rich, sweet and high flavor ; beautiful and excellent. Productive. Middle to end of August. Crawford’s Early — This very beautiful and best of yellow peaches is highly esteemed for market purposes. Fruit very large, oblong ; 'skin yellow, with fine red cheek ; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet and excellent. ‘Wonderfully productive and hardy. Last of August. Crawford’s Late — Fruit of the largest size ; skin yellow or greenish yellow, with dull red cheek ; flesh yellow ; productive. One o'f the finest late sorts. Last of Sep- tember. Early Canada — This early Peach is a native of Jordan. Province of Ontario, Canada, a chance seedling brought out by the late A. H. High. Ripens one month before Crawford’s Early Freestone. ' Good samples measure over seven inches in cir- cumference ; unusually hardy for a Peach. Middle to end of July. Early Rivers— New ; large, light straw color, witli delicate pink cheek ; flesh juicy and melting, with very rich flavor. One or two weeks earlier than Hale’s. End of August. Early York — Medium size, greenish white, covered in the sun with dull red ; flesh green- ish white, very tender. Middle of August. Early Silver — Large, melting and rich, with the vinous flavor of the White Nectarine, its parent. One of the best. Early in September. Foster — Originated in Medford, Mass. Large ; deep orange red, becoming very dark red on sunny side ; flesh yellow, very rich and juicy, with sub-acid flavor. Earlier than Early Crawford. \ ery handsome. Last of August 16 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Garfield, or Brigdon — Originated in Cayuga Co., X. Y. Flesh yellow, very rich and juicy ; color deep orange red, becoming dark red on the exposed side ; very attrac- tive : foliage large, green, glossy and peculiar. Middle of September. George IV— Large white, with red cheek ; melting, juicy and delicious. Moderate bearer. Last of August. Honest John — Medium to large ; yellow ; flesh yellow and of good quality. Tree vig- orous and productive. First of September. Hale’s Early — Fruit medium size, skin clear, smooth, white, delicately marbled with bright and dark red on the sunny side ; flesh very melting, juicy, and high flavored. Last of July. Hill’s Chili — Medium size, dull yellow, tree very hardy, a good bearer ; highly esteemed as a market fruit in Western Michigan. Last of September. Jacques’ Rareripe— Very large, deep yellow ; has a high reputation. Last of August. Large Early York — Large, white, with a red cheek, fine grained, very juicy, rich and delicious ; vigorous and productive ; one of the best. Last of August. Lord Palmerston— Very large ; skin creamy white, with a pink cheek ; flesh firm, yet melting ; very juicy and rich. Middle to end of September. Morris White — Medium, straw color, tinged with red ; juicy and delicious ; productive. Middle of September. May’s Choice— A yellow Peach of the highest quality, ripening immediately after the Early Crawford ; in size and form closely resembling that variety, but superior to it in richness of color and high vinous flavor ; tree a good bearer ; very desirable. Last of August. Mountain Rose — Large ; red ; flesh white, juicy, rich and excellent ; one of the best early Peaches, ripening with Troth’s Early, and much larger and finer than that variety. Should be in every collection. first of August. Old Mixon Cling — Large ; pale yellow, with red cheek ; juicy, rich and high flavored ; one of the best clingstone peaches. Last of September. Old Mixon Free — Large ; pale yellow, with deep red cheek ; tender, rich and good ; one of the best. First to middle of September. Richmond — Large, globular ; skin orange yellow, with a deep red cheek ; flesh mellow, pink at the stone, very juicy, fine flavored, resembling the Early Crawford in quality, but less acid, and superior ; ripens a few days later than the Early Crawford ; strong grower and hardy. First of September. Salway— Fruit large, roundish, deep yellow, with a rich, marbled, brownish red cheek ; flesh firm, juicy, rich and sugary. A new English variety, promising highly as a late showy market sort. First of October. Schumaker — Originated at Fairview, Pa. Medium to large, bright yellow, splashed with crimson ; juicy, melting and rich ; parts freely from the stone when fully ripe. Middle of July. Sener — Large, yellow, with deep red cheek ; yellow flesh, deep pink around the stone ; freestone, rich and very juicy. First of October. Steven’s Rareripe — Fruit resembles our enlarged Old Mixon Free, being of very high color and very beautiful. Very productive and free from disease. Commences and ripens immediately after Late Crawford, and continues three or four weeks. Last of September and first of October. Steadley — Large, round, of a greenish white color, flesh white to the stone, and of a delicious flavor ; freestone ; very hardy. First of October. Stump the World — Very large, roundish; skin white, with a bright red check ; flesh white, juicy and good. End of September. Susquehanna — One of the handsomest peaches ; large, yellow and red, melting, rich and good ; origin, Pennsylvania. Last of September. Wager— Very large, yellow, 'more or less colored on the sunny side; juicy, and of fine flavor ; bears uniform and large crops, even when other sorts fail. Last of August. Wheatland — Thirty-nine peaches weighed 18 pounds. Was awarded the first prize for size, quality and beauty, at the New York State Fair. Ripens between Early and Late Crawford, and larger than either of them. First to middle of September. Wilder — Tree a very vigorous grower ; hardy and productive. Fruit medium to large ; round ; flesh very juicy and rich. Last of July. Yellow Rareripe— Large, 'deep yellow, dotted with red ; melting and juicy, with a rich flavor. Last of August. ADDITIONAL LIST OF PEACHES. Amelia — From South Carolina ; very large and beautiful, white, nearly covered with crimson ; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, vinous. Last of July. Beer’s Smock — Large size, yellow flesh, described as an improvement on Smock’s Free, which it resembles ; ripens a few days later, and is a better annual bearer. Septem- ber and October. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 17 Bilyeu’s Late — A large white freestone peach, with a beautiful red cheek, ripening two weeks later than Smock Free. October. Briggs’ Red May — About medium ; very highly colored ; flesh greenish white, very juicy, vinous, and of very good quality ; adheres somewhat to the stone ; of firm texture, and proves well as a shipping peach ; tree very prolific. Middle to end of July. Chair’s Choice — Very large, deep yellow with red cheek ; flesh very firm, fine for des- sert or canning. Ripens earlier than Smock. Strong grower and heavy bearer. September. Chinese Cling — Fruit large ; roundish oval ; skin transparent cream color, with mar- bling of red next the sun ; flesh creamy white, very juicy and melting, with a rich, agreeable flavor. Last of July. Columbia — Very large ; skin downy, dingy yellow, and striped with dull brown or red ; flesh yellow, buttery, melting, and exceedingly rich. Ripe about July 30th, and continues for a month. Last of July. Grand Admirable Cling — Full medium size ; skin white, nearly covered with red ; a very handsome and excellent peach, and a good bearer. First of August. Golden DropTransparcnt golden yellow, very attractive, quality fine, productive and hardy. Ripens after Late Crawford. Globe — A rapid vigorous grower and an enormous bearer ; fruit very large, globular in form; flesh firm, juicy, yellow, shaded with reddish crimson towards the pit or stone ; quality good ; very rich and luscious. September and October. Large Red Rareripe — A most excellent peach ; fruit large ; skin greenish white ; dot- ted, and with a beautiful rich red cheek ; flesh white, red at the stone, melting an juicy, with a sweet and rich flavor. Early in August. La Grange — Large ; greenish white, slightly reddened in the sun ; flesh white to tl stone ; juicy, sweet and rich. Freestone. Middle of September. Lady Parham— Of Southern origin ; fruit of medium size ; skin greenish white, wit sometimes a blush cheek ; flesh white, juicy, vinous and highly flavored ; a first ratt, variety ; freestone. Last of September. 18 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Lemon Free— Originated in Ohio. Tree very hardy, and very profitable ; color a pale yellow when ripe ; size large, over twelve inches in circumference ; quality fine ; ripens after Late Crawford. Late Rareripe— Large; pale greenisli yellow, marbled and covered with reddish spots; cheek dull, deep red, mottled with fawn colored specks ; flesh white but red at the stone ; very juicv, melting, and of rich, high flavor ; very productive. Early hi Sep. Moore’s Favorite — Resembles Old Mixon Freestone, and some flunk it identical with t hat very popular sort, while others claim that it is a distinct variety. First to middle of September. , , , , , . , „ , Mary’s Favorite— Large ; skin white, sometimes a purple cheek on exposed side ; flesh white to the stone; juicy, sweet and rich; an excellent sort for canning. Last of Aug. Picquet’s Late— A Georgia variety of large size ; yellow with a red cheek ; flesh yellow, melting, sweet, of the highest flavor ; freestone ; a valuable acquisition. .September. President— Large ; skin pale yellowish green, with a red cheek; flesh white, but red at the stone, juicy, melting, rich and high flavored. Middle of August. Raymond Cling — Large; greenish .yellow, with a fine red cheek;. flesh white, juicy, sweet and very good ; well deserving a place in the orchard. Middle of September. Reeve’s Favorite— Large, oblong ; skin deep yellow, with orange cheek ; flesh juicy and buttery, very sweet, good ; freestone. Middle of July. Scott’s Nonpareil— A fine, large, yellow peach, from New Jersey. A good market variety. Middle of September. Snow’s Orange — Originated in Michigan and popular as a market variety ; hardy, pro- ductive, and valuable ; an excellent yellow fleshed freestone. Sturtevant — Originated near Cleveland ; one of the best yellow fleshed peaches ; skin downy, rich yellow, covered nearly with dark rich red in the sun ; flesh yellow, red at the stone ; freestone. Last of August. Troth’s Early— Medium size ; whitish, with a fine red cheek ; flesh juicy, sweet and very good ; one of the most popular and profitable varieties for early marketing. Middle of J uly. Ward’s Late Free— Medium to large ; yellowish white, with a red check in the sun ; flesh nearly white, juicy and good ; valuable for late preserving. Tree vigorous. ' First of October. Wonderful— Originated in New Jersey. Large to very large, uniform in shape and size; color ricli golden yellow, overspread witli carmine and crimson. Flesh yellow, high flavored, and firm ; bright red at the pit, which is small and parts freely from the flesh. Ripe in October^ and keeps well. PhUcns. The Plum, like the Pear and other finer fruits, attains its greatest perfection on our heavy soil, being entirely free from disease. The curculio, a small, dark brown beetle, often stings the fruit, causing it to drop off ; but the following directions, faithfully observed, will secure a good crop of this splendid fruit everywhere. As soon as the blossoms are fallen, spread two sheets under the tree, and give the tree a sudden jar by striking a smart blow with a hammer upon the stub of a limb sawed from the tree for the purpose ; the insects will drop on the sheet and can be killed. Col- lect all the fallen fruit and burn or feed to swine. Repeat the operation every day for two or three weeks. It should be done before sunrise. The cost of protect ing large orchards from the attacks of this enemy will not exceed ten cents per tree for the entire season. Abundance — Equalling in thrift and beauty any known fruit tree. An early and profuse bearer ; fruit very large, somewhat oval ; amber, turning to a rich cherry red, with a decided bloom; flesh light yellow, exceedingly juicy and tender, with a rich sweetness; hasa small stone and parts readily irom the flesh ; ripens in advance of other plums. Boton — Lemon yellow ground, nearly overspread with bright cherry, and heavy bloom ; large to very large ; oblong, tapering to a point like Wild Goose ; flesh orange yel- low, melting, rich and higlily perfumed. Tree vigorous and hardy. Beauty of Naples — A variety of the highest promise : size large ; color greenish yel- low. Flesh firm, juicy aiid very fine flavored ; tree very hardy and prolific. Sept. Bleecker’s Gage — Above medium ; yellow ; juicy and rich ; productive. August. Bradshaw— Fruit very large, dark violet red ; flesh yellowish green, juicy and pleasant, productive. August. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 19 Coe’s Golden Drop— Large and handsome ; light yellow ; firm, rich, sweet ; one of the best late plums. September. Columbia — Very large ; nearly round ; flesh rich and fine flavored. September. Damson — Fruit small, oval ; skin purple, covered with blue bloom ; flesh melting and juicy, rather tart ; separates freely from the stone. September. Denniston’s Superb — Medium size, round, dotted with purple ; handsome, quality good ; good bearer. August. Duane’s Purple — Large size, roundish and oblong, color a reddish purple ; flesh juicy and good ; very handsome ; bears well. September. Fellenberg -(Italian Prune)— A fine late plum ; oval, purple, flesh juicy and delicious ; parts from the stone ; fine for drying. Tree very productive. September. Garfield— A variety of the Chickasaw, seedling of Wild Goose, producing an abund- ance of good sized, reddish-purple fruit ; oval in shape, ripens in September, and keeps till November. Glass’ Seedling— Raised in Guelph, Ont. Tree hardy, very productive ; fruit very showy, valuable for market and culinary purposes ; large, dark, purple, almost black, with a thin, blue bloom. Flesh a little coarse, moderately sweet and juicy. September. 20 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op Green Gage — Small ; considered the standard of excellence for quality. August. General Hand— Very large, oval ; golden yellow, juicy, sweet and good. September. Geuii— Fruit very large, deep bluish purple, covered with thick bloom ; flesh yellowish green, coarse, sweet and pleasant ; great bearer and very early ; tree a hardy and rapid grower. This new variety is regarded as very valuable for market by growers along the Hudson River. September. German Prune — A large, long, oval variety, much esteemed for drying ; color dark purple, of very agreeable flavor. September. Huling’s Superb— Very large and handsome; yellowish green; juicy, rich and good. August. Hudson Gage— Medium size ; yellow, with streaks of green ; very juicy, melting, rich and fine ; productive. August. Imperial Gage (Flushing Gage, Prince’s Imperial Gage)— Fruit large, oval, skin pale green, flesh juicy, sweet, rich and excellent. Tree very vigorous and productive. August. Jefferson — Large, yellow, reddened in the sun; juicy, rich and delicious. One of the best. August. Kelsey— Fruit large to very large, heart-shaped, rich yellow, nearly overspread with light red, and a delicate bloom ; flesh firm and melting with a remarkably small pit. Tree not quite so hardy as a Peach. Ripens last of August. Kingston— Originated at llochester, N. Y. Fruit very large and showy; of good qual- ity, firm flesh and rich flavor. Fine for preserving, August. Lombard (Bleecker’s Scarlet) — Medium, round, oval ; violet red ; juicy, pleasant and good ; adheres to the stone ; productive. A valuable market variety ; one of the most hardy and popular. August. Lawrence’s Favorite— Large, yellowish green, remarkably juicy and melting. One of the best ; productive. August. McLaughlin— Large, yellow, firm, juicy, luscious ; productive. Nearly or quite equal to the Green Gage. August. Mariana— An accidental seedling originating in Texas. An unusually strong, rapid grower. Fruit larger than the Wild Goose. Round, and of a peculiar light red color. Its productiveness is marvellous ; one of the best of the Chickasaw varieties. Aug. Monroe— Medium, excellent ; vigorous grower and abundant bearer. September. Moore’s Arctic— Originated in Maine, and celebrated for its remarkable hardiness, free- dom from curculio, and great bearing qualities. Fruit grows in large clusters ; large, dark purple ; flavor very fine, both for preserving and dessert. A long keeper.’ Niagara— Origin uncertain ; very large, reddish purple, entirely covered with gray bloom ; flesh deep greenish yellow. Resembles Bradshaw. August. Ogon— Fruit large, round, bright golden yellow, with faint bloom, and some red on the sunny side ; flesh Arm, sweet, rich and dry. Tree vigorous and hardy. August. Pottawattomie— Tree a strong, vigorous grower ; perfectly hardy, and an immense bearer. Fruit yellow, overspread with bright pink, and prominent white dots. No astringency in skin or pulp. Claimed to be curculio proof. Peach — Very large and handsome, dull red ; good ; very productive. August. Pond’s Seedling— A magnificent English Plum ; light red, changing to vioiet ; flesh rather coarse ; abundant bearer. One of the most attractive in cultivation. Sept. Purple Egg (Hudson River Purple Egg)— Highly esteemed by growers along the Hud- son River ; described as one of the richest and finest flavored plums we have ; stone free ; good size, resembles the German Prune— a little larger, with a nice bloom ; good bearer, and brings good price in market ; tree bears young. October. Prince’s Yellow Gage— Above medium size ; deep yellow ; flesh yellow, rich, melting and sweet ; productive. August. Quackenboss— Large, oblong, oval, deep purple, a little coarse, sprightly, juicy, sweet and excellent. Adheres slightly to the stone ; productive. Valuable for market 1 October. Red Egg (Red Magnum Bonum)— Large red ; firm flesh ; sub-acid. September. Reine Claude de Bavay— Large, nearly round ; pale yellow ; marked with red ; juicy, melting and excellent ; good bearer. September. Saratoga— Originated at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Reddish purple, overspread with a handsome bloom. Supposed to be a cross between Lombard and Bradshaw ; longer and larger than Lombard, and broader than Bradshaw. Satsuma— Native of Japan. The tree looks much like the Wild Goose, and is likely to nrove more hardy than Kelsey. The fruit has a pleasant flavor, and, unlike all others, has red flesh with a remarkably small stone. Schuyler Gage— Medium size ; yellow, dotted aud marked with red in the sun ; juicy rich and sweet ; productive. September. ’ Shipper’s Pride— A large blue Plum ; very hardy and productive and possessing re- markable qualities for market. September. Fruit and Ornamentai, Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 31 Shropshire Damson — A Plum of line quality, as free from the attack of the curculio as the common Damson, and of same color. The flesh is amber colored, juicy and sprightly. September. Simoni (Apricot Plum) — Except in the veining of the leaves the tree resembles the Peach. Fruit a brick-red color ; flat ; flesh apricot yellow ; firm, with a peculiar aromatic flavor ; hardy , and valuable as an ornamental fruit tree ; bears abunda ntlv and very young. Smith’s Orleans— Large size, reddish purple ; flesh firm and juicy, with a rich, fine flavor ; productive. September. Spaulding— Tree a strong grower, with broad, rich dark foliage ; fruit large, yellowish green, with marblings of deeper green, and a delicate white bloom ; flesh' pale yel- low, very firm, sprightly, sugary and rich ; fine for canning. Claimed to be cur- culio proof. Stanton— Originated in New York State. The tree is a vigorous, healthy grower fruit medium to large, nearly round, deep purple, with blue bloom ; quality best. Ripens and keeps rather late. Victoria (Sharp’s Emperor) — One of the most magnificent Plums in cultivation ; of the largest size, fair quality; purplish red color ; most abundant bearer. September. Weaver— Fruit large, purple, with a blue bloom ; very prolific ; a constant and regular bearer and of good quality. The tree is very hardy, not being injured in the severest winters, and will thrive even to the Northern limits of the United States. August, Washington— Very large ; when ripe, clear yellow, marked with red ; flesh firm, very juicy and excellent ; very popular; productive. August. Wild Goose— Fruit medium, purple, with a blue bloom ; flesh juicy and sweet. July. Yellow Egg, or Yellow Magnum Bonum— Very large, egg-shaped ; excellent for cook- ing ; good, and productive. August. W olf — Nearly as large as Lombard, and a perfect free stone ; superior for cooking and serving with sugar, as Peaches are used. Tree a good grower ; very hardy, and is becoming popular wherever known. Ripens in August, Cherries. The Cherry tree universally requires a dry soil, and is naturally a hardy tree, suc- ceeding m the lightest soil or dryest situations. The Heart and Bigarreau varieties are of rapid growth, with large glossy leaves, forming tine, pyramid-shaded heads, and pro- ducing large crops of luscious fruit ; are well adapted for planting along the streets or in yards as shade trees. They are profitably grown for market. Many trees produce from five to six bushels per tree. I he fruit brings in market, one year with another, to $8 per bushel. HEART AND BIGARREAU CHERRIES. Eagle— Large black, very tender, juicy, rich and high flavored ; productive. July. Black Tartarian — very large, bright purplish black ; half tender, juicy, very rich, ex cellent flavor ; productive. June. Coe’s Transparent — Medium size, pale amber, red in the sun ; tender, juicy, rich handsome ; one of the best ; productive. June. Downer’s Late Red— Large, light red : tender, juicy and delicious ; productive. Early Purple Guigne (Early Purple) — The earliest tine variety ; medium size, licart- shaped; tender, juicy and sweet ; very hardy and productive. June. Elton Large, and line flavor, pale yellow, light red next the sun. June. Elkhorn ( 1 radescants Black Heart) — A tine, large, black cherry, of good qualitv • pro ductive. July. Gov. Wood — Raised by Dr. Kirtland, and one of the best cherries ; very large, light red , juicy, rich and delicious. Tree healthy and a great bearer. June. Knight’s Early Black — Large, black, tender, juicy, rich and excellent; productive June. Luelling A variety from Portland, Oregon ; of very dark color and finest qualitv; flesh solid and firm, and adapted to long transportation. June. Napoleon Bigarreau— Very large, pale yellow or red ; very firm, juicy and sweet ; very productive; one of the best. July. Rockport Bigarreau— Large, pale amber with clear red ; a very excellent and hand- some cherry; good bearer. June. Schmidt’s Bigarreau— Originated in Belgium. The tree is remarkably vigorous hardy and productive. Fruit grows in clusters, and is of the largest size; skin deep black ; flesh dark, tender, juicy, with a fine, rich flavor ; stone small. A decided acquisition to our list of cherries. June to July. 22 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ok Sparhawk’s Honey — Medium, red ; a very sweet and melting variety ; ripens late and will hang for some time on the tree ; productive. June. Yellow Spanish — Large, pule yellow, with red cheek; firm, juicy and excellent; one of the best light colored cherries ; productive. June. Windsor — Originated in Canada ; fruit large liver colored ; flesh remarkably firm, sweet and of fine quality. Tree hardy and very prolific. DUKE AND MORELLO CHERRIES. These are for the most part, round shaped ; fruit generally acid, though some varie- ties have a very mild, pleasant flavor. The trees are naturally of a smaller growth than the preceding class, and well adapted for Dwarfs or Pyramids. The Morellos are more slender and spreading in habits than the Dukes, which are of stocky, upright growth. Both are more hardy than the Hearts and Bigarreaus, and in demand where the former cannot be grown with advantage. Belle de Choisy — Medium, amber mottled with red ; tender, juicy, sweet and rich. June. Belle Magnifique — Fruit large, roundish; skin bright red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly, sub-acid ; oue of the finest of this class of cherries. Tree hardy and very produc- tive. July. Dyehouse — Partakes of both the Duke and Morello in wood and fruit ; a very early and sure bearer ; ripens a week before Early Richmond, of better quality, and quite as productive. J tine. Empress Eugenie — Fruit large, dark red, very rich, tender and sub-acid. A superior variety. J uly. English Morello— Medium to large ; blackish rod, rich, acid, juicy and good ; very productive. August. Early Richmond — (Kentish Virginian May) — Medium size, dark red; melting, juicy sprightly acid flavor. This is one of the most valuable and popular of the acid cher- ries, is unsurpassed for cooking purposes, and is exceedingly productive. June. Late Duke — Large, light red ; late and fine. July. Large Montmorency— A large, red, acid cherry, larger than Early Richmond, and fully ten days later. June. Louis Phillippe — Very productive; fruit large, roundish, regular; color, rich dark, almost purplish black red; flesh red, tender, sprightly; mild acid; good to best. July. Leib — A .Morello, one week later than Early Richmond, and claimed to be very superior. May Duke — Large, dark red, juicy and rich; and old excellent variety; productive. June. Olivet— Of French origin. Large, globular, very shining, deep red sort ; flesh red, tender, rich and vigorous ; very sweet, sub-acid flavor. June. Ostheim— A hardy cherry, from Russia. It has been tested in the severest winters of Minnesota and has been found perfectly hardy. Fruit large, roundish, ovate ; skin red, dark at maturity ; stalk long ; flesh liver-colored, tender, juicy, almost sweet. Reine Hortense — Very fine; large, bright red; juicy and delicious, and productive. July. Wragg — Supposed to hail from North Germany, very hardy. The tree is a good grower and an immense bearer ; fruit a dark liver color, juicy and rich. JSIectariHes. A most delicious, smooth-skinned fruit, which thrives wherever peaches will grow, but it is liable to be stung by the eurculio, and requires the same treatment as plums. Boston — Large, deep yellow, with a bright blush and mottlings of red ; sweet and a peculiar, pleasant flavor ; freestone ; the largest and most beautiful variety known ; hardy and productive. September. Early Violet — Medium sized, yellowish green, nearly covered with dark purplish red ; juicy, rich and high flavored. August. Early Newington — Large, pale green, nearly covered with blotches of red; juicy, rich and sweet ; probably the best clingstone Nectarine. September. Elruge — Medium size, pale green, with a dark red cheek ; flesh pale green, very juicy and rich. September. Hunt’s Tawney — Medium; pale orange; juicy, rich and excellent; very early and productive ; the best of its season, and worthy of general cultivation on account of its hardiness ; freestone. August. Pitmaston Orange — Fruit large ; skin rich orange yellow, with brownish red cheek ; flesh deep yellow, red at the stone ; melting, juicy and rich ; fine flavor, freestone. Red Roman— Large size, greenish yellow, with a dark, dull red cheek ; flesh yellowish, fine and rich ; productive. September. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 26 Apricots. A delicious fruit of the plum species, valuable for its earliness. It is liable to be attacked by curculio, and requires the same treatment as the plum ; it bears immense crops ; ripens in July and August. Breda— Small, dull orange, marked with red ; juicy, rich and vinous ; productive and hardy. First of August. , , .. Early Golden (I)ubois)— Small, pale orange ; juicy and sweet ; hardy and productive. First of July. . ... , „ Hemskirke— Large ; bright orange, with a red cheek; juicy, rich and luscious; large and remarkably handsome English variety, and one of the very best. End ot July. Large Early— Medium ; orange, with a red cheek; sweet, rich and juicy; one of the best early sorts. Middle of July. . . .. . , Moorpark— One of the largest ; orange, with a red cheek ; firm, juicy, with a rich fla- vor ; very productive. August. . , . , . . .. . p eac l, Very large ; orange, with a dark cheek ; juicy and high flavored ; similar to Moorpark. August. . Roman— A remarkably hardy and prolific Apricot, producing good crops where none others succeed ; flesh rather dry. End of July. . Royal— Large; yellow, with an orange cheek; juicy, rich and delicious; a very flue variety, and well deserving a place in collections. End of July. St. Ambr'oise — Large ; oblong ; very sugary and rich ; a vigorous grower and very productive. Middle of August. RUSSIAN APRICOTS. These are quite distinct from the European varieties. Their leading characteristics are extreme hardiness, having withstood 30 degrees below zero without injury' ; early bearing, productiveness, and freedom from insect ravages and diseases. The following are the best that have been thoroughly tested. Alexander — Very hardy, an immense bearer ; fruit large, yellow, flecked with red ; Very beautiful, sweet and delicious. July. Alexis— Very hardy, an abundant bearer ; yellow with red cheek, large to very- large, slightly add, rich and luscious. July. . , ... . Catherine— Very hardy, vigorous and productive; medium sized, yellow, mild, sufl- Gibb— Trfe°°luirdy! ll grows symctrical, productive ; fruit medium, yellowish, sub-acid, juicy and rich; the best early variety, ripening soon after strawberries. A great acquisition. Last of June. „ .... , ., ... , I L Budd Tree a strong grower and profuse bearer ; fruit large, white with red J cheek ; sweet, juicy, with a sweet kernel, as fine flavored as ail almond ; the best late variety and a decided acquisition. August. Nicholas— Tree hardy and prolific ; fruit medium to large, wlute, sweet, and melting ; a handsome and valuable variety . J uly . QUlHCES. The Quince is attracting attention as a market fruit. The tree is hardy and compact in growth requires but little space, productive, gives regular crops, and comes early intc bearing The fruit is much sought after for banning for winter use. V? lien put up in the proportion of about one quart of quinces to four of other fruit, it imparts to them a most delicious flavor. . . „ , ... It flourishes in any good garden soil, which should be kept mellow and well enriched. Prune off all the dead and surplus branches, and thin out the fruit if bearing too freely. Annie or Orange— Large, roundish ; bright golden yellow ; cooks tender and is of very excellent flavor. Valuable for preserves or flavoring ; very productive ; the most popular and extensively cultivated variety. October. Angers— Somewhat later than the preceding ; fruit rather more acid, but cooks well ; an abundant bearer. October. . , Champion— V variety originated in Connecticut, The tree is a prolific and constant bearer ; fruit averaging larger than the Orange, more oval in shape, quality equally fine and a longer keeper. October and November. Rea’s Mammoth— A seedling of the Orange Quince; one-tliird larger; of the same form and color ; fair, handsome, equally as good and productive. October. 34 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Grapes. The vine comes quickly into hearing, yielding fruit usually the second year after plantiug ; requires but little space, and when properly trained is an ornament to the yard, garden or vineyard. The soil for the Grape should be dry ; when not naturally so, should be thoroughly drained. It should be deeply worked and well manured, always bearing in mind that it is an essential point to secure a warm, sunny exposure. undergone the Fall pruning it may be laid protect it through the Winter. Grape vines The best grape vine trellis is probably the wire trellis. This is constructed bj planting posts as far apart as you choose to have the length of your trellis, stretch the wires, four in number, about eighteen inches apart, letting them pass through stakes at proper distances from each othei to support the wire. As the wires are con- tracted by the cold, and are likely to break or sway the posts from their places, they should be loosened as cold weather ap- proaches. To secure the best results, annual and careful pruning is essential. The following is regarded as the best method : Commenc- ing with a good strong vine, such as we furnish, permit it to- grow the first season without pruning. In November or Decern ber following cut back the growth, allow ing but three or four buds to remain. The following Spring allow but two of the strongest buds to throw out shoots. These, in the Fall, will be from seven to ten feet long, and should be cut back to within four or five feet of the root. The next Spring the vine should be fastened to the lower part of the trellis. When growth com mences, pinch the buds so that the shoots will be from ten to twelve inches apart. As these grow, train them perpendicularly to the second, third and fourth bars of the trellis. No fruit should be allowed to set above the second bar of the trellis. During the season when the shoots have reached the upper part of the trellis, they may be pinched to prevent further growth. After the fruit is gathered, and the vine has shed its foliage, the cane should then be cut back to two buds. The fol lowing Spring allow but one bud to throw out a shoot, and treat as in the previous year. This system of pruning should be followed each year. After the vine has ion the ground and covered with boughs to should be top-dressed in the Spring. Amber Queen— Very early, hardy, and a strong grower ; leaf strong and thick, some what downy on under side ; amber color. Tender to the center and small seeds Bunch large and shouldered like the Hamburg ; berry large, frequently oblong, holds persistently to the bunch, and cannot be pulled oil without breaking the skin. August Giant — Bunches very large, with rather long and very strong stem ; when shouldered, the shoulders are always short and very double ; berries very large, somewhat oblong, often measuring' 1J inches in diameter. Quite tender to the center ; very rich and fine. Beauty— Red ; ripens between Concord and Catawba ; said to be superior in quality to Delaware. Vine vigorous, healthy and productive. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Siirubs, Plants, Etc. sa Brighton— A cross between the Concord and Diana Hamburg. It gives the best of satis faction. Bunches large, berries of medium size, dark red ; flesh sweet, tender, and of the highest quality. Ripens earlier than the Delaware. Catawba— Bunches large and loose; berries large, of a coppery red color, becoming purplish when well ripened ; ripens with Isabella ; requires the most favorable soils and situations, good culture and warm seasons, to mature perfectly in Western New York. Centennial— Color greenish white, with blush in the sun ; bunch large, long and shoul- dered ; berries medium, flesh very sweet aud juicy, and of good quality ; skin thin but tough. Vine vigorous, healthy and hardy, is productive aud a good keeper. Champion (Talman)— This variety is valued chiefly for its earliness, being a number of days earlier than the Hartford, aud nearly or quite equal to the latter ‘in flavor. Concord— A popular variety where the choice kinds fail to ripen ; universally healthy vigorous and productive ; flesh somewhat buttery, moderately juicy and swee't Bunch large, nearly black, with bloom ; early. Cottage — Seedling of Concord, a little smaller in bunch and berry, more compact, sweeter, and a few days earlier. Vine a rank grower, healthy and hardy. Delaware — One of the finest grapes. Bunches small, compact, shouldered ; berries rather small, round ; skin thin, light red ; flesh very juicy, without any hard pulp, with an exceedingly sweet, spicy aud delicious flavor. Vines moderately vigorous, very hardy and productive. Diana— Bunches a little above medium size, compact; berries large, light red, very juicy and sweet, with distinct, spicy, refreshing flavor ; vine a vigorous grower, and bears well ; ripens a little before the Isabella. Downing — A black grape ; bunches very large, compact and shouldered berries large to very large, flesh firm, meaty, tender, sweet and rich ; vine vigorous, healthy and productive ; ripens with Concord. Dracut Amber — A very early red grape, large in bunch and berry, sweet but foxy , vine hardy, healthy and vigorous. Valuable for the North. Duchess— The Duchess originated with A. J. Cay wood, in Ulster county, N. Y. Bunch medium to large. Often eight inches long, shouldered, compact ; berries medium, • round, greenish white ; skin thin ; flesh tender, without pulp, rich and delicious Ripens with the Delaware. Eaton— Black ; bunch and berry of the very largest size ; not quite early or sweet as its parent, the Concord, but less foxy, pleasant, juicy, with tender pulp ; vine very vigorous, healthy and productive. Originated in Massachusetts. Etta— White ; seedling of Elvira, which it resembles, but has larger berries and firmer skin, is less compact and better quality. The vine is a vigorous grower, healthy, hardy and productive ; ripens late. Empire State — Bunches large, from six to ten inches long, shouldered ; berry medium to large, roundish oval ; color white with very light tinge of yellow, covered with a thick, white bloom ; leaf thick, smooth underside ; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet and sprightly, with a slight trace of native aroma, continuing a long time in use ; vine very hardy aud productive. Early Victor— In bunch and berry it is rather below the average, but ripens very earlv, and what is of special importance it is very pure in flavor, “with very little pulp and without a trace of foxiness, or other unpleasant tastes, while it is exceptionally sweet, sprightly and vinous, never cracks and adheres firmly to the bunch. Very hardy, and one of the few that resist mildew perfectly. Color black, with a fine bloom. Eumelan— A native black grape. Bunches above medium, very handsome, double shouldered aud moderately compact ; berries round orsliglitly oval ; in size medium; in color black. Its flesh is tender to the very center; its flavor rich, vinous and sprightly. Green Mountain— Originated in Vermont. Vine hardy, vigorous and productive. Fruit white, skin thin, pulp tender and rich ; ripens early. Hayes— A new white grape of medium sized buucli and berry ; of first rate quality and very early ; foliage healthy ; vine vigorous aud very hardy. Hartford Prolific— Bunches rather large ; berries large, globular ; color almost black, covered with a beautiful bloom ; flesh sweet aud juicy. Ripens four or five days before Concord ; valuable for its hardiness, abundant bearing and early maturity. Highland — Black ; bunch and berry very large and handsome ; ripens with Catawba . quality very good, desirable where ever it will ripen. Iona (Dr. Grant) — Bunches large, long, somewhat shouldered and loose ; berries medium of a fine, clear w'ine color ; skin tin’’ lesli tender, without pulp, with a brisk, sweet vinous flavor. Ripens about a after the Delaware. Ives — Probably a seedling of the Isabella ; bardy and productive, but with a tough acid center. 26 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Jefferson — Vine very vigorous, hardy and productive; leaves large, thick, downy; bunch very large, often double shouldered, very compact ; berries large, roundish, oval, light red, with a thin lilac bloom ; flesh meaty or solid, tender, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous, spicy ; best for market. . Jessica— White ; originated in Canada ; ripens with the earliest ; small to medium m bunch and berry ; vine a fair, compact grower, hardy, healthy and productive. Jewell — Originated in Kansas ; similar in appearance to Early Victor ; ripens with the very earliest ; black ; bunch and berry medium sized, sweet, sprightly and good ; vine vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive. Leader— Originated in Ohio; white; bunch and berry medium sized; will dry into raisins : quality good ; very hardy and productive. Lady— A seedling of the Concord. Of medium size, white and very good flavor ; very Lady Washington (Ricketts) — A cross between Concord and Allen’s Hybrid. Fruit yellow, tinged with pink; bunches very large, often weighing a pound. Vine strong, very hardy. . Martha— A seedling of the Concord, which it resembles in growth and hardiness. Bunch of good size, and berry large, of pale green or light color ; buttery, sweet, juicy, sprightly. Ripens with the Concord. Mills— Black ; originated in Canada. Vine vigorous, hardy and healthy ; supposed to be a cross between a native and foreign variety ; bunch very large, long and should- ered ; berry medium to large, adheres firmly to the stem, flesh firm, meaty, rich and sprightly. . Moyer — Rea ; originated in Canada ; vine hardy, healthy and productive ; bunches and berries rather small ; ripens very early — with the earliest — and hangs well on the vine ; resembles Delaware in appearance ; sweet as soon as colored ; skin thin but tough, pulp tender, rich and juicy. ■ Monroe— Bunch medium to large, shouldered ; berries large, round ; skin rather thick, black, covered with a thick coating of white bloom, very handsome. Flesh juicy, sweet, vinous and sprightly ; a pleasant, refreshing table grape, and it is believed will make good wine. "The vine is vigorous, with fine, healthy foliage. Ripens with Hartford Prolific. Moore’s Diamond — Vine a vigorous grower, with dark healthy foliage, entirely free from mildew. A prolific bearer ; bunches large, handsome and compact, slightly shouldered ; color delicate, greenish white, with rich, yellow' tinge when fully ripe. Skin smooth and free from specks ; pulp tender, juicy, and nearly transparent, with very few seeds. Berry about the size of Concord ; rich, sprightly and sweet. Ripens about two weeks before Concord. Moore’s Early — A seedling of Concord, combining great vigor, health and productive- ness ; ten days earlier than Hartford. In quality, hardly to be distinguished from Concord. Bunch large, berries very large, black. Niagara— Originated in Lockport, N. Y., iu 1868, and is a cross between the Concord and Cassidy, first fruiting in 1872. It has since regularly borne large crops of fine fruit. The vine is a remarkably strong grower anu very hardy; the leaves are thick and leathery and dark glossy green ; bunches very large and uniform and very com- pact ; berries as large or larger than Concord and skin thin but tough ; quality good, very little pulp, melting and sweet ; ripens with the Concord. Pocklington — Is a seedling of the Concord. Originated and raised from seed by John Pocklington, Washington County, X. Y., an elevated, cold, late locality . The vine thoroughly hardy, both in wood and foliage. Strong grower ; never mildews ; is a light golden yellow, clear, juicy and sweet to the center, with little or no pulp ; bunch very large, sometimes shouldered ; berries round and very large and thickly set. Woodruff Red — Branches and berries very large and handsome, sweet and of fair qual- ity, and strong and vigorous grower and iron-clad hardiness. Wyoming Red — A very early red grape, desirable for the garden and vineyard, a good grower and healthy; bunch and berry small to medium, sweet, but a little foxy. Winchell — Originated in Vermont. Color greenish w hite ; bunch and berry medium size, flesh tender, juicy and rich. Vine hardy and healthy; ripens very early. Poughkeepsie Red— A seedling grape, raised by A. J. Caywood ; said to be a cross of Iona w ith Delaware and Walter ; somewhat larger than Delaware, but resembling it in general appearance. It is fully equal to the Delaware in quality, ripens early, and keeps well. So far as tested, much like the Delaware vine in habit of growth. Prentiss — A seedling of the Isabella ; bunch large, not often shouldered, compact ; berry medium to large, yellowish to green, sometimes with rosy tint on side next to the sun ; skin thin but very firm ; flesh tender, sweet, melting, juicy, with a very pleasant musky aroma ; vine a vigorous grow'er, W'ith thick, heavy foliage, and very productive. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 27 ReDecca — A fine and delicious white grape, berry and bunch medium size ; vine a slow, slender grower and abundant bearer ; not quite hardy. Ripens almost as soon as ihe Delaware. Ulster Prolific — A nice native seedling. A red grape of good quality, healthy growth «nd great productiveness. Will probably be found valuable for general use, as it aeems to have all the characteristics of our hardy and healthy native varieties. Vergennes — A chance seedling found at Yergennes, Vt. Free from mildew ; very pro- ductive ; clusters large, berries large, holding firmly to the stems ; color light am- oer, rich and delicious, flesh meaty and tender. Ripens as early as Hartford Prolific, -«nd is an excellent late keeper. Worden— A seedling of Concord, which it greatly resembles in appearance and flavor, ••ut the berries are larger. The fruit is said to be better flavored, and to ripen sev- -ral days earlier. ROGERS’ HYBRIDS. Agawam (No. 15)— Large, round, early, and of great vigor of growth. Rich, high peculiar aromatic flavor. Goethe (No. 1) — A fine light colored variety, tinged and nearly covered with red when *ully ripe. It has more the flavor of its foreign parent than any of the others, being tender to the center. Bunch and berry large. Ripens with Catawba. Llndley (No. 9) — Resembles No. 3 in appearance, but distinct in flavor. Massasoit (No. 3) — Large ; resembles Diana in quality; a little native flavor ; tender, sweet and good. Said to be the earliest of these Hybrids, and by some highly esteemed. Merrimack (No. 19) — Very large and earlier than the Diana ; very strongly resembles No. 4. Berry and bunches large, compact ; a very strong grower. Salem (No. 22)— Bunch large and compact ; berry large, of a light chestnut or Catawba color, thick skinned, perfectly free from hard pulp ; very sweet and sprightly, with a most exquisite aromatic flavor ; as early as the Delaware, having never failed to ripen in the most unfavorable season for the past six years ; keeps well. Wilder (No. 4) — Large, bunches greatly shouldered ; berry round and large, flesh but- tery, with a somewhat fibrous center, sweet, rather sprightly. Decuberry op Running Blaekbeppy. Lucretia — The plants are perfectly hardy and healthy, and remarkably productive. The fruit, which ripens with the Mammoth Cluster Raspberry, is often one and a half inches long by one inch in diameter, soft, sweet and luscious throughout, with- out any hard center or core. As the Dewberry roots only from the tips, and does not sprout like Blackberries, this will be much more desirable for garden culture, and the trailing habit of the plant will render winter protection easily accomplished in cold climates where that precaution may be necessary. Improved Dujarf Juneberry. The Juneberry is one of the most valuable berries. The wood is hard and firm and endures the extremes of climate without injury. Its leaves are a dark, glossy green. The plant propagates from suckers. The flowers appear about the same time as those of the apple. The fruit is borne in clusters, like the currant, and ripens in June. Its size equals the Wild Gooseberry; shape, round ; color, reddish purple at first and becomes a bluish black when fully ripened. Its flavor approaches the Huckleberry, a mild, very rich sub-acid. Perfectly hardy, not being injured by wet, cold or dry weather, and needs no special treatment. 2 & Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of The small fruits, such as Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Gooseberries, Currants, etc., ripening from the first of June till Fall, are ever 3 'where capable of suc- cessful cultivation, and yield large returns at comparatively small expense. They should have a place in every garden. Since the introduction of self-sealing jars and cans, they can be bad throughout the year almost as fresh as when gathered. Strawberries. First of the Small Fruits in the month of June comes the beautiful, wholesome and appetizing Strawberry. The profits which result from its cultivation, when properly conducted, arc enough to satisfy the highest expectations. Plant in March, April, May, September, October, on good ground, deeply worked and well manured. Vegetable manure (muck, rotted turf, wood soil, ashes, etc.) is the best. Bone dust is excellent. Set in 3 feet rows, l5 inches apart in row for field cul- ture, and 15 inches each way for garden, leaving a pathway at every third row. Keep in hills with runners cut, unless troubled with the white grub. Cultivate clean, mulch late in the Fall, uncover plants early in Spring, remove mulch after fruiting, and spade in light dressing of manure. Bidwell — One of the very best, abundantly productive, full average size, excellent flavor and one of the very earliest. Big Bob — A line variety for either market or private gardens. Fruit of large size and of good quality; ripens moderately early. It is a pistillate variety, requiring some other perfect flowering sort to be planted near it. Bubach (P.) — Strong, rampant grower, like the Crescent, only making plants and foliage of twice the size ; healthy and free from rust ; very productive of large, bright scarlet berries, rather soft, and of fair quality; ripens early, and succeeds either on light or heavy soil ; a valuable market variety. Captain Jack — Immense yielder ; fruit medium to large, good flavor. Similar to the Wilson, but better flavor. It is a strong and luxuriant grower, healthy and produc- tive ; berries large, handsome and solid. Charles Downing — Large, conical, crimson ; flesh firm, of fine flavor and good quality; plant healthy, vigorous and productive. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 29 Cloud — A strong, vigorous grower, with heavy dark green foliage ; large size, bright red, firm ; ripens early. Pistillate. Crawford — The plant is lage and stocky, usually free from rust ; a luxuriant grower and an abundant bearer ; blossom perfect, very strongly staminate ; fruit very large and usually of regular form ; first berries are sometimes slightly flattened or trian- gular, but never coxcomb or misshapen ; it has a smooth surface and is of beautiful red color, ripening without white ends. The seeds are even with the surface or slightly raised ; this, with its firm flesh, enables it to endure handling and carrying with but little damage. Crescent Seedling — Medium, conical, bright scarlet, very uniform in size. A beauti- ful berry, commencing to ripen with Wilson’s Albany, and continuing in fruit longer. The plants are wonderful in growth, taking entire possession of the ground to the exclusion of weeds and grass. It appears alike at home on all soils. Cumberland Triumph —A magnificent variety; berries immense ; fine, perfect form, and of fine flavor. Plant vigorous and productive. Glendale — As a late profitable market berry, this is the very best in many sections ; large, oblong-conic, scarlet, and very firm, but rather acid ; a strong grower and productive Gold (P.)— Recently introduced by the Connecticut State Pomologist ; plant lacks in vigor of growth ; is fairly productive of medium to large size berries of very supe- rior quality ; it is reported to be of great value on rich clay soils. Great American — Very large, sometimes 9 inches in circumference. A vigorous grower ; flesh firm ; flavor fine ; productive. Haverland — Large, healthy, vigorous growing plant ; very productive ; fruit large, conical, with slight neck, uniform in size and shape ; bright red ; firm. Pistillate. James Vick— An exceedingly vigorous grower, foliage healthy and of a peculiar dark or blue-green color, very distinct perfect blossom ; fruit medium size and very uniform. Jessie— Recently introduced from Wisconsin ; plant a strong robust grower, similar to Sharpless. On moist soil it is a robust, healthy plant ; long stout fruit stalks hold the fruit well up from the ground ; berries of largest size, medium to dark red color all the way through ; firm and solid and of most excellent quality ; very few small berries and none of the largest ones of irregular shape. Jewell (P.)— A native of Connecticut ; makes so few runners that it is hard to propa- gate ; when planted in rich, deep soil, and given the highest culture, they make wondrous big hills, and produce enormous big crops of very large berries, of deep glossy scarlet color, that make a most attractive appearance. Kentucky — A native of Kentucky ; very large, bright scarlet, sweet and delicious ; ripens about a week later than most varieties ; fruit firm ; a fine market sort ; plant hardy and very productive ; valuable for the late market. Lenning’s White — The best white variety. It is highly perfumed and of exquisite quality, but not very prolific. Valued for preserving. Mammoth -A fairly good plant on light soil and a strong and healthy grower on a deep rich soil ; productive of very large berries. Some wonderful stories are told of enormous berries that have been obtained from this variety the past year, and it is likely to be planted by all who are striving for exhibition berries. Manchester— Size large, color scarlet, flesh pink, firm but melting, with a rich, sub-acid juice, and a decided aromatic flavor. Plant robust and very productive ; quality very good to best. Miami— Originated in Ohio. Large to very large ; rich, dark red ; very solid and meaty ; plant vigorous and produces plenty of big berries. Old Iron Clad (Phelps’ Seedling}— Origin, Southern Illinois. This is a strong grower, producing enormous stools ; foliage very large and healthy, of a light green color ; the fruit is from large to very large ; very firm ; bright scarlet ; of fine quality, and ripens early. President Wilder — Large, conical ; scarlet ; sweet, fine flavor, good bearer. A cross between Ilovey's Seedling and La Constante. Sharpless — One of the best varieties. Large in size, delicious flavor ; good bearer, bright color. Triomphe de (land — Large, conical, often coxcombed ; polished, sweet and fine flavored. Does best on heavy soils. A popular foreign variety. Warfield (P. ) — Originated in Illinois. Vigorous grower, productive; ripens early; medium size. Wilson’s Albany — Large, conical, dark red, firm, hardy ; prolific, rather acid. Suc- ceeds everywhere. 30 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op Raspberries. This fruit comes just after strawberries, and when properly cultivated is quite profitable. Plant on strong soil, manure freely, cultivate well or mulch heavily. For field, rows seven feet apart, four feet in row. Pinch off caues when three feet high, and prune oti laterals the following Spring, within twelve or eighteen inches of the cane ; in garden culture, tie up to single wire. Cut out old wood each year. Cover tender varieties in Winter by bending down and throwing on earth. Brandywine— A large, scarlet berry, firm and beautiful ; bears transportation well, but not quite equal to some others in quality. Brinckle’s Orange— Large, orange yellow ; high flavored, tender and rich. Caroline— Canes vigorous, prolific and quite hardy, without protection. From its supe- rior quality and hardiness, it is of great value for the home garden. Clarke— A highly valuable sort, which has proved perfectly hardy. Bush a strong grower. Fruit large size, beautiful light scarlet, and of the most delicious flavor. Commences to ripen with the earliest, and keeps in bearing till late in the Summer. Crimson Beauty— Very large size, bright, glossy scarlet, round to oblong ; earlier than the Turner, of a more pleasant, sprightly flavor, equally as hardy, more productive, and of much larger size. Cuthbert— Perfectly hardy. The canes are tall and vigorous, and enormously produc- tive. Berries very large, conical; rich crimson, very handsome, and so firm that they can be shipped hundreds of miles by rail witnout injury. Flavor rich, luscious, best, commences to ripen moderately early, and holds out until all others are gone. Golden Queen— The finest flavored of all the Raspberries. In size, equal to Cuthbert ; immensely productive ; a very strong grower, and hardy enough even for extreme Northern latitudes, having stood uninjured when the Cuthbert suffered. The desire for a yellow raspberry of high quality, combined with vigorous growth and perfect hardiness, is believed to be fully met in this variety, riansell— One of the very earliest and most desirable of Red Raspberries ; color bright scarlet ; quality excellent ; very productive, and fine shipper. Its great earliness causes it to bring the highest price in market. Herstine — Plant a good grower, bears early and abundantly, hardy, and very produc- tive on all soils. Suckers moderately. Fruit large, firm, bright crimson, with small grains. Flavor sub-acid and very good. Highland Hardy— Plants very hardy and thrifty ; unusually productive ; succeeds on most any soil, and ripens the fruit very early : berry good size, bright red and sufn- eieutly firm for shipping. Valuable for market. Philadelphia— It is a stout, healthy grower, very hardy and immensely productive. The fruit is of the largest size, and presents a fine appearance, even after it has been transported a long distance to market. Rancocas — Very vigorous, throwing out numerous fruiting uranches. Its productive- ness cannot be excelled. As a shipper it is perfect, ripening with the earliest ; the color is a bright red ; size medium to large ; quality best. Reliance— Produces berries of the largest size ; color dark. Enormously productive ; very desirable. Scarlet Gem— A valuable extra early market sort. The plant, though not so strong and stocky in its growth as the Cuthbert, is far more vigorous than Hansell, High- land Hardy, or any of the early varieties in cultivation, fully as productive as Cuth- bert, bright scarlet color, very firm and solid, and in 1888 ripened four days earlier than any of the leading extra early Red Raspberries growing in the same field, less than two rods away. Shaffer’s Colossal— Colossal, both in bush and berry. Carries to market well ; excel- lent to dry and unsurpassed for canning. Berry dark crimson in color and excellent in quality ; a very valuable variety. Does not sucker, but roots from tips like Black Marlboro— Large size, light crimson color ; good quality and firm. Plant vigorous and productive. The first berries ripen quite early, but the entire crop covers a period of four or five weeks in ripening. Turner — A beautiful red berry of fine size and excellent quality ; said to be the hard! est and most productive variety known. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 31 BLACK CAPS. Carman— Resembles the Souhegan in growth ; vigorous, healthy and hardy ; productive jet black and firm ; very early. Earhart — Strong, stocky grower, with an abundance of stout, heavy spines; very hardy, fruit of large size, jet black and of good quality, commencing to ripen early and continues till stopped by freezing in the Autumn. Gregg — This is decidedly the largest Black Cap that we have ever seen, far surpassing in size the famous Mammoth Cluster, averaging, when grown side by side, with the same treatment, from one-third to one-half larger. Johnston’s Sweet — This is the sweetest Raspberry grown. It takes less sugar either for the table or for canning or evaporating, than any other sort. The flavor is deli cious. It is a great bearer ; nearly equal in size to Gregg. Mammoth Cluster (McCormick) — The bush is a strong, upright grower ; foliage a rich, dark green ; fruit large, and holds out large to the very last picking ; black, with a rich purplish bloom ; very juicy, high flavored anil delicious ; perfectly hardy, the surface sufficiently firm to bear transportation to distant markets. Ohio — The greatest producer among Black Caps, and for canning or evaporating claimed to be the most profitable of all sorts. Berry not quite as large as Gregg, but finer quality and the plants more hardy and will bear more successive crops. Hilborn— A large Black Cap, recommended for its size and quality. Ripens early. Souhegan — A variety of the most positive value, of excellent quality, about as large as as the Gregg, and astonishingly prolific, exceeding in this respect any Raspberry known. A perfect ironclad in hardiness and extremely early, at least two weeks earlier than the Doolittle. It has every indication of being the' most desirable Black Raspberry yet produced. Tyler — A variety of undoubted merit. Fruit of best quality and a very prolific bearer- 32 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue oe Currants. This fruit comes partly with the Raspberry, but follows it several weeks. Indeed, none of the small fruits will remain so long upon the bushes without injury as the Cur- rant. An easy method of destroying the currant worm is by the use of powdered white hellebore (Veratrum Album). Set four feet apart in rich ground ; cultivate well or mulch heavily ; prune out old wood, so that each remaining shoot will have room to grow ; if the currant worm appears dust with hellebore every three weeks. Manure freely. Black Naples— Very large, sometimes measuring half an inch in diameter. Fine for wine or jellies. . Black Champion— Bunches are very large, and the flavor of the fruit particularly deli- iiious. It liangs long on the bushes, and unlike other varieties it will bear the severest pruning without detriment. . Cherry— The largest of all the red currants. Berries sometimes more than halt an inch in diameter ; bunches short, plant very vigorous and productive when grown on good soil and well cultivated. Crandall— Originated in Kansas. In form of bush similar to our common currants, but making a stronger growth ; fruit bluish black, and in size from 5 to j inch in diameter ; has a distinct flavor, desirable for pies, etc. Fay’s Prolific— Color deep red ; great bearer ; stems longer than cherry, and berries hold their size to the end of the stem better. Quality first-class ; not quite so acid as cherry, the best of all the red currants. La Versaillaise — Very large, red ; bunch long, of great beauty and excellent quality ; one of the finest and best, and should be in every collection. Lee’s Prolific— A11 English production of great value. The fruit is large and of superior quality ; the bush is a vigorous grower and enormously productive, rendering it very profitable. _ . , Moore’s Ruby— Originated near Rochester, by Jacob Moore. Berries about same size and color of Victoria ; bunches are long, bushes vigorous and very productive ; less acid than the cherry. . Prince Albert — Large, bright red, resembling the Victoria ; valuable for its lateness ; vigorous and productive. Red Dutch— An old variety, excellent and well known. Victoria— Large, bright red, with very long bunches; late, a good bearer. Very desirable. White Dutch— An excellent and well known sort. White Grape — Very large, yellowish white, sweet, or very mild acid, excellent quality and raluable for the table. The finest of the white sorts. Very distinct from White Dutch, having a low spreading habit and dark green foliage. Very productive. White Gondoin— A large, light-colored sort, sweet, vigorous and productive. Gooseberries. This fruit requires the same cultivation as the currant. The surest method to pre- vent mildew is to plant thickly in the rows, and mulch deeply, six or more inches with straw, tan bark, coal ashes, etc. Plantations thus treated have borne large crops for ad years' The mulch retains moisture in the dryest weather ; the few weeds that push up are easily palled, and the fruit is large and more evenly ripened. In mulching be sure the ground is under-drained, or it is worse than useless. Good cultivation is better than hale mulching. Put it on thick. In a dry season the extra amount of fruit will doubly pay for the material used, not to speak of the saving of labor and cleanliness ot the fruit. ” The price is remunerative, and the demand is yearly increasing. I he Ameri- can varieties are not subject to mildew. ENGLISH VARIETIES. The number of varieties of English Gooseberries is almost innumerable. The fruit is generally large anil handsome. The best sorts are Industry, Crown Boh (red), and White Smith (greenish white), which in favorable localities do extremely well. Crown Bob— Fruit large, oblong, hairy ; flavor first class. Fruit and Ornamentat, Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 88 Industry— It is of vigorous, upright-growth; a larger cropper than any other known variety, and one of the best for market purposes, owing to the properties it possesses of Howering late a- afterwards swelling so quickly as to reach a suitable size for pulling green sooner than any other variety. If left to attain maturity it is a dark red color, hairy, with a pleasant, rich flavor. White Smith — Fruit large, roundish oblong ; flavor first rate. AMERICAN VARIETIES. Downing — Origin, Newburg, N. Y. Fruit large, roundish, light green, with distinct veins ; skin smooth, flesh rather soft, juicy and very good. Vigorous and productive. Houghton’s Seedling — A medium sized American variety, which bears abundant and regular crops, and never mildews ; fruit smooth, red, tender and very good ; verj' valuable. Large Golden Prolific — Is a decided acquisition to the small list of hardy, mildew-proof American Gooseberries. The variety is a remarkably strong, vigorous, upright grower, with dark green glaucous foliage, which resists mildew perfectly, and persistently hangs on until the end of the season. The fruit is of the largest size, oblong, good samples measuring 1 J inches in length. Color golden yellow, flavor decidedly good ; very productive. Mountain Seedling — A strong grower and heavy bearer ; berries very large, dark red, smooth ; a profitable variety. Smith’s Improved — From Vermont. Large, oval, light green, with bloom; flesh mod- erately firm, sweet and good. Vigorous grower. Blackberries. Plant on good land, moderately manured. Rowsscven feet apart, three feet in the rows for field ; prune as with Raspberries. Form a hedge or tie to wire. Cultivate SHALLOW. Agawam — Ripens earlier than other kinds, and has a flavor similar and equal to the wild berry. Perfectly hardy. Early Harvest — A variety of great promise, being exceedingly early in time of ripen- ing and always reliable. The canes are strong and upright in growth, branching stout and vigorously. Hardier than Kittatinny or Lawton ; an enormous bearer. Berries sweet and of the highest quality, though not as large as some varieties. Eri e — Very large and very early. Perfectly hardy, a strong grower and great bearer, producing larger, sweeter berries, earlier in ripening than any other sort. Freed — Originated in Ohio. Very hardy ; immensely productive, and has never been known to rust. Kittatinny— Commences to ripen after the Wilson’s Early, and continues longer in bear- ing ; is ripe as soon as black, and much earlier, sweeter and better in all respects than the Law'ton, which it resembles in plant and fruit. Lawton — Fruit very large and black, of excellent quality ; an abundant bearer, Minnewaska — Perfectly hardy, very productive and a vigorous grower ; very early. * Snyder — Extremely hardy, enormously productive, medium size ; no hard, sour core ; half as many thorns as Lawton or Kittatinny. and they are nearly straight and short. Most prolific blackberry grown. Taylor — One of the largest blackberries grown. Fruit of the best quality, melting and without core ; very productive and hardy. Wilson’s Early — Of good size, very early, beautiful dark color ; of a sweet, excellent flavor and very productive. Ripens the whole crop nearly together. Wilson Junior — A seedling of Wilson’s Early, ripening a week earlier than that variety ; fruit of the largest size ; bush vigorous and healthy. Wachueett Thornless— Fruit of medium size, oblong, oval, moderately firm, sweet and good, and less acid than any blackberry we have seen. It is a good keeper, ships well, and is therefore valuable as a market berry. The plant is said to do equally well on light and heavy soils, and to bear heavy crops where other varieties have failed. It is also very hardy, and free from thorns. 34 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of |VIULiBERRIES. The Mulberry is a very ornamental tree in garden or lawn, with its large, green glossy foliage ; and some newer varieties are worthy of general cultivation for their fruit'alcne. Downing’s Everbearing — Produced from seeds of the Multicaulis. Tree very vigorous and productive, continuing in bearing a long time : fruit 1 j inches long and § of an inch in diameter ; color blue black, flesh juicy, rich, sugary, with sprightly vinous flavor. , New American— Fruit of the largest size, black, delicious m flavor. An attractive ’awn tree, with very large leaves ; of rapid growth, hardy. White— Commonly cultivated for silk. Fruit not equal to the black sorts. Russian— Brought to notice by the Mennonite colonists of the Northwest. The timber is desirable for fuel, is fine for cabinet work, and fence posts made from it are ex- ceedingly durable. Is a rapid growing tree, bears fruit at two or three years of age, and every year ; color of the fruit varies some, but is generally black : valuable in Northern sections. Rhubarb or Pie Plant. This affords the earliest material for pies and tarts ; continues long in use and is valuable for canning. Make the border very rich and deep ; needs high culture. Early Scarlet— Rather small, but early and good. Linnaeus — Large, early, tender and fine. The very best of all. Asparagus. To make a good Asparagus bed, the plants may be set in the fall or early spring Prepare a piece of fine, loamy soil, to which has been added a liberal dressing of good manure. Select two-year, or strong one-year plants ; and for a garden, set iu rows 18 to 20 inches apart, with plants 10 to 12 inches in a row. Make a small mound of the soil, over which the roots should be evenly spread, so that the crowns, when covered, shall be three inches below the surface of the ground. If planted in the fall, the whole bed should be covered before winter sets in with two or three inches of stable manure, which may be lightly forked in between the rows as soon as the ground is softened in the spring. flats and JVIiscellaneoas ppaits. Almond, Soft Shell — This is the “ Ladies’ Almond ” of the shops, and although pre- ferable to the former, is not quite so hardy. Kernel sweet and rich. butternut — A native species, the Julgans Cinerea of botanists. Wood light color. Tree handsome. Chestnut, American — Our native species. Smaller than Spanish, but sweeter. Chestnut, Spanish— A hardy tree, producing nuts of very large size and good flavor. Figs — Black Ischia, Brown Turkey, Celestial and White Marseilles. Filbert, American — Smaller and with a thicker shell than the English, but of good flavor ; hardy and productive. Filbert, English— The fruit of these is so much larger and better than our native species, as to give them the preference for cultivation over the latter, in localities where thej will succeed. Oranges and Lemons— Several varieties. Walnut, Shell-bark — Our trees are grown from extra fine thin-shelled nuts. Walnut, Black — The well-known native species, hardy, prolific and valuable The timber in point of durability is difficult to excel. Walnut, English — This rich and fine-flavored nut is quite hardy with us, and makes a vigorous growth. Well worthy of cultivation. APPENDIX The following varieties are of a for greater convenience. more recent introduction and are inserted here APPLES. Baxter Originated on the St. Lawrence River, in Canada, and hardy enough to withstand the cold of that section; flesh white and solid, sub-acid. In season from November to March. Bismarck-Introduced from New Zealand. Very large, remarkably handsome and showy; flesh yellow, tender, juicy; quality good; extremely hardy and prolific and bears early. Season, November to February. Flora Resembles Porter in appearance; golden yellow; fine flavor; tree thrifty and hardy. An early winter apple in the Northwest. Fanny— Origin, Lancaster County, Pa. Tree vigorous, spreading and productive; fruit round, slightly conical, deep, rich crimson; flesh white, tender, juicy, mild sub-acid. Very good. August. \ — ! PEARS. Bar-Seckel (Columbia) Cross between the well-known Bartlett and Seckel. Tree hardy, vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, pyraform, green- ish yellow and red; combines the richness and quality of these two well’ known sorts. Ripens, September and October. Lincoln— (Lincoln Coreless)— Tree a good grower, heavy and stocky, healthy and free from blight; fruit very large and handsome, becoming highly colored, juicy and rich; no core, no seeds; desirable for canning and preserving. In season during winter. See page 12. Vermont Beauty-Originated in Northern Vermont. Tree a healthy, hardy sort- fruit of medium size, highly colored; flesh white, melting, and of good quality! In season during October and November. A fine dessert pear. Appendix. PEACHES. Apricot— (Apricot Peach) Origin supposed to be Northern Indiana. Medium sized; deep golden yellow, with a red cheek and peculiar apricot flavor; has a very small pit, and is of great value. Champion — Originated in Illinois, and by many placed at the head of the list for size, quality and hardiness. Skin creamy white, with a red cheek; sweet, rich and juicy; perfect free stone. Ripens early in August. Crosbey— (Excelsior, &c.)— Originated in Massachusetts; has low, spreading, wil- lowy growth, and said to be hardy in wood growth and bud. Fruit medium in size, rich orange yellow, with carmine on sunny side; flesh yellow, rich and sweet; a perfect free-stone. Flberta— Originated in Georgia. Tree a good grower and very productive; claimed to be very hardy in bud. Size large; flesh yellow and rich, very juicy. Ripens between Early and Late Crawford. Fitzgerald— A seedling found at Oakville, Ontario, where it stands the winters per- fectly, and for the past four" years has cropped regularly. Oakville is situated . outside of the peach-growing district, and any other varieties will not succeed there. It is undoubtedly very hardy, and the fruit averages larger than any vari- ety we know of. Quality first-class, freestone, and we recommend it with entire confidence. Greensboro— The largest and most beautifully colored of all the early peaches. Of good quality; juicy; a freestone, but adheres slightly; ripens perfectly to the seed, and with the Alexander, which makes it of great value as a market peach. Orig- inated by W. G. Balsley, Greenboro, N. C. Triumph— This new extra early yellow peach makes a very strong growth, blooms late, and is a sure and abundant bearer. Fruit of large size, with small pit; skin yellow, nearly covered with red; flesh bright yellow and ripens up evenly clear to the pit, not thoroughly free, yet when fully ripe separates quite readily from the stone. PLUMS. Burbank— Has very large and peculiar foliage. Native of Japan. Introduced by Luther Burbank. Fruit above medium size; nearly round, with distinct suture; highly colored, cherry red. Quality very fine— and is a promising variety. Fmpire— This magnificent plum is of the very best quality. The tree is a strong grower and among the hardiest of all plum trees. It is a prolific bearer, and on account of its productiveness and good quality it is one of the greatest money- getters in the fruit line. Ripens early part of September. Grand Duke -One of the largest and handsomest European varieties; well tested here and is very fine; flesh yellow; free-stone. Hawkeye— A native American variety, very large, handsome foliage; hardy, pro- ductive, and desirable for the West. Fruit medium sized, nearly round, highly colored, and overspread with a light bloom. Prince of Wales— A fine European variety, introduced here some years since, and largely grown. Tree hardy and a great bearer; fruit medium sized; nearly round, with a distinct suture; deep purplish red; free-stone. Appendix. CHERRIES. Ida -Originated in Pennsylvania, and is the hardiest sweet cherry known. Tree upright and vigorous, and an abundant, regular bearer; ripening about with May Duke; rather large; skin pale whitish yellow, nearly covered with red; flesh ten- der, juicy and rich. GRAPES. Brilliant Vine vigorous, hardy and productive; berry medium sized, round, red; quality very good; ripens early. . Campbell’s Early— A seedling of Moore’s Early, crossed with pollen of a choice seedling that resulted from a cross of Muscat Hamburg on Belvidere. Cluster large, shouldered, moderately compact, stem large, long, strong; berry large, nearly round, slightly elongated; black, with profuse light-blue bloom; skin thin, with slight pulpiness; flesh translucent, very tender and very juicy; flavor sweet, rich, aromatic; aroma delicate, not foxy; quality best, for both market and des- sert. Season early. Early Ohio— Originated at Euclid, Ohio. Vine a strong grower, with a robust con- stitution. Color black; berry medium sized, round; very early; productive; a good shipping variety. Keystone — Originated at Lancaster, Pa. A very early ripening, hardy variety; black; in appearance not unlike Concord. STRAWBERRIES. Edgar Queen— Makes vigorous and healthy plants; very productive; bright scar- let color; firm; sweet and good; size large and rather irregular in shape. Middlefield— Noted for its uniformity of size and shape and fine color; flavor fine; makes a vigorous growth. Parker Earle— This is now well known over the whole country; rather late, ripens evenlv, and all over; very productive, more so than many others; berry dry and carries well to distant market; believed to be very valuable. Yale— Needs high culture. Valuable for canning. Fruit very rich and high flav ored. Appendix. RASPBERRIES. Columbian— Said to be the greatest raspberry in existence. Original plant bore over 28 quarts of fruit last season, 1894. Plant a giant in growth, very hardy; fruit large, dark red, rich, juicy and delicious flavor. Excels all others for can- ning. Fruit does not drop from bush. A splendid shipping variety. Has pro- duced over 8,000 quarts to the acre. Two First Premiums at New York State and First Premium at Western New York Fairs, i8g4. Kansas Black cap; largest of all in growth of plants; free from disease; produc- tive; richest in quality; very hardy. Superlative— (The New Red Raspberry)— Fruit very large, of fine color, firm, and of the best quality. The plant is a strong grower, hardy, and a great vielder. Of the many foreign kinds of raspberries we have tested, this surpasses them all in size and quality. Wineberry— (Mossberry, etc.)— From the mountains of Central Japan. Hardy; vigorous and productive; red; produces a berry in abundance, and a clear trans- lucent flavor. BLACKBERRIES. ' Eldorado— Said to be the best blackberry ever introduced. Vines very vigorous and hardy; medium in earliness; fruiting in pendulous, slender, hairy spikes, with few thorns; color deep black; almost coreless, with small seeds; flavor sweet; quality rich and very good. H. E. VanDeman, U. S. Pomologist, says: “ Never have I tasted anything to equal those specimens of Eldorado.” Evergreen ( Trailing or Climbing) — A rapid growing, hardy variety, bearing pro- fusely and retaining its foliage-through the winter in some sections. Rathbun I* ruit of highest quality and largest size; handsome. It commands the highest price in the market. Plants vigorous, hardy, and very productive. Branches droop, rooting at the tips. Stone’s Hardy— Upright grower; vigorous and productive; stocky and short- jointed; turns red and ripens early; when fully ripe a glossy black; very hardy GOOSEBERRIES. Pearl— Said to be the most prolific gooseberry known. Originated by' Professor William Saunders, of the Experimental Station at Ottawa, Canada. It has also been thoroughly tested at nearly all of -the experimental stations in the United States, for the past four years, and reports are unanimous in its favor. It is a wonderful cropper, strong grower, and free from mildew. Fruit one-third larger than Downing. Red Jacket— Plant vigorous and health. Fruit rich dark red; oblong. Believed be valuable. CURRANTS. North Star— Very hardy; a vigorous grower and productive; red; less acid than some others, and more easily picked. Ornamental Department. GEfiERflii Remarks. The people in this country have scarcely begun to realize the commercial value of an investment of a few dollars judiciously expended in a few Ornamental Trees and Plants to our homes Many of our most active business men are also men of taste, and would be glad to improve and beautify their grounds, but they are so occupied with business that they have neither the time nor disposition to find out what they want, or to lay out their grounds. Some competent man can generally be found to aid in the matter. \N ind-breaks of trees, more especially if they are evergreen, make the dwelling-house warmer, give comfort to its inmates, diminishing to no inconsiderable extent the consumption of fuel : they make the out-building warmer for stock by night, and the yard by day, not only making the dumb animals comfortable, but thereby saving a large amount of food. HOW TO PLANT, &c. Grass and trees are always charming, and need but little care. In the laying out and planting have regard to economy of labor. Let there be as few walks as possible ; cut your flower beds (not many) m tlie turf, and don’t make the lawn a checker- board of trees and shrubs. Mass them in boundary lines or m groups, leaving a broad expanse of green for the eye to rest on, and the mower to sweep freely over. If an unpleasant object is in sight conceal it by planting free-growing trees ; if tnere is a pretty view leave an opening. While it is not well to have large trees near the house, there should lie at least one by the sunny corner for summer shade. Plant flowering shrubs and the smaller evergreens in circles or ovals, and twice as thick or close as they should stand when fully grown. This will make a show at once, and in two years or more you can take out one half, leaving the rest to fill out the space, and obtaining a supply of finely-rooted plants to set somewhere else. Where the ground is wholly given up to trees and shrubs, it should be deeply and thoroughly prepared before planting. Keep the earth cultivated, and the shrubs and trees mulched the first two seasons, and then let the turf grow about them. Mow' the grass frequently, and top dress with fine manure every Fall aud Winter. Straggling growers, like the Forsythia and Pyrus Japonica, may be repeatedly pinched back or clipped during the growing season, to produce a close, compact form. Weigelas and Deutzias should be pruned back each year to the old wood. A very beautiful hedge can be made by intermingling dif- ferent Flow ering Shrubs, and clipping, or allowing them to grow' naturally. TREES, SHRUBS, ETC., FOR ORNAMENT. A detailed description of desirable trees and shrubs would be little less than a recapitulation or list contained in our catalogue of Ornamentals, to which readers are referred. A grouping together ac- cording to the times of flowering or size of growth will, however, be found useful. We would suggest the follow ing as among the most desirable. Flowering Shrubs. Altheas, blue, purple, red, white, pink and variegated. Almond, pink and white. Ualycanthus or sweet scented Shrub. Currants, crimson and yellow' flowering. Daphne pink and rose. Deutzia, white and rose. Hydrangea, pink and white. Plum, double-flowering pink’ Japan Quince, red and w'hite. Spireas, white and rose. Syringa. white. Snowball, w'hite. Viburnum Plicatum, white. Weigelia, rose and w hite. Flowering Trees. Magnolia, white and purple. Judas Tree, pink. Peach, pink and white Laburnum, yellow. Fringe Tree, w’hite and purple. Honeysuckle Tartarian, red and white. Straw’- berry Tree, red and w'hite. Horse Chestnut, red and w'hite. Cherry .'white. Catalpa, white and purple Thorns, pink, scarlet, red and white. Cornus Florida, w'hite and pink. Cut- Leaved Trees. Imperial Cut- Leaved Alder, Fern-Leaved Beech, Cut-Leaved Birch, Weir’s Cut-Leaved Maple. Purple-Leaved Trees and Shrubs. Purple-Leaved Beech, Purple-Leaved Berberrv, Purple- Leaved liirch, Purple-Leaved Elm, Purple-Leaved Filbert, Purple-Leaved Maple, Purple-Leaved Oak Purple or Blood-Leaved Peach. Deciduous Upright Trees. Sugar, Norway, and Sycamore Maples. European and Oak- Leaved Mountain Ash. Birch, Pyramidalis. American Chesntut. Salisburia Elm. Lindens, European and White- Leaved. Variegated-Leaved Trees and Shrubs. Variegated -Leaved Alder, Variegated-Leaved Cornus, Variegated-Leaved Deutzia, Variegated Honeysuckle, Variegated -Leaved Weigela. etc. Weeping Trees. Willow, Kilmarnock ; Birch, Cut-Leaved Weeping, Elegans, Pendula, aud Young’s Weeping ; European Ash and Mountain Ash, Linden, Dwarf Weeping Cherry, Poplar, Cam- perdown Elm, Weeping Cornus, and Weeping Mulberry. Evergreens. Among the Shrubs are Mahonia Aquifolia, yellow blossoms; Rhododendrons, rose purple an. i w Lute color; Tree Box. often used for shearing into fantastic shapes : Dwarf Arbor Vitae ; Dwarf or Mountain Pine, hardy and fine colored. The Norway Spruce and Amerieau Arbor Vitae are the best knowm of Evergreens. Either as single trees or in hedges they are indispensable. The Black and White Spruce vary in shade of color as their names indicate. The White Pine, light and graceful in its foliage; the Scotch, angular, spreading, 36 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of irregular, but finelv colored : and the Austrian, erect, regular in growth, and beanng upright tones, are well known and desirable. The Balsam Fir is handsome, but loses its foliage— a fatal defect in an evergreen. The Siberian Arbor Vita* is an improvement on the common American, for its strong, thick-leaved foliage. The Golden Arbor Vitas may also be added. The Irish and Swedish junipers are compact cones of foliage (the latter light in color), and contrast finely with the round topped trees. HEDGES. The idea of planting hedges for use and ornament, and screens for the protection of orchards, farms and gardens, is a practical one. and rapidly becoming appreciated. They serve not only as pro- tection against the fierce winds, but there is much less trouble from the blowing off of the fruit. Some writers tell us that the temperature is warmer in the vicinity of Evergreens. However this may be. we know that our gardens are earlier, and that our fruits ripen better when protected by such screens. Nothing can be more beautiful than ornamental hedges of Evergreens or Shrubs well kept and pruned to serve as boundary lines between neighbors, or as divisions between the lawn and garden, or to hide unsightly places. We all know that such hedges continue a principal attraction in our best kept places. Deciduous Trees. Ailantus (Celestial Tree). GLANDULOSA— From Japan. A lofty, rapid-growing tree, with long, elegant, feathery foliage ; exempt from all diseases and insects. One of the most distinct and ornamental trees with pinnate foliage. Alder (Alnus). EUROPEAN (Olutinosa) — A tree of rapid growth, suitable for damp soils, but thriving well everywhere. IMPERIAL CUT-LEAVED (Laciniata ImperLMs ) — A very striking and beautiful tree, with delicate and beautiful cut leaves ; hardy and of vigorous growth ; one of the finest cut-leaved trees in cultivation. Apple (Malus). CHINESE DOUBLE FLOWERING (Spectabilis)— Very showy and ornamental ; beautiful double rose-colored flowers. Ash (Fraxinus). AMERICAN WHITE — A rapid growing native tree, valuable for planting on the street or in parks ; may be extensively planted for timber ; largely used in the manufacture of agricultural implements. EUROPEAN (Excelsior) — A lofty tree with pinnate foliage and spreading head. GOLD BARKED (Aurea) — Growth irregular ; very ornamental in Winter. FLOWERING (Ornus Ehiropeeue) — A very ornamental dwarf tree ; flower fringe- like, greenish white, early in June ; in large clusters on the end of the branches. WILLOW LEAVED (Salidfolia)—A rapid, stout-growing tree, with narrow, wavy .eaves ; very ornamental. aUCUBA-LEAVED (Auculmfolia)—A fine tree with gold blotched leaves. Beech (Fagus). LACINIATA ( Cut-Leaved ) — Foliage deep and finely cut. PURPLE-LEAVED (Purpurea) — A remarkable species with deep purple foliage, changing to greenish purple ki Autumn. A very striking contrast with other ornamental trees. FERN-LEAVEI) (Heterophylla)— Of elegant round habit, and delicately cut, fern- like foliage. One of the finest lawn trees. Birch (Betula). PURPLE-LEAVED (Foils Purpuris ) — A very desirable novelty. With the habits of the Birches it has beautiful purple foliage, as dark as that of the Purple Beech. PYRAMIDALIS — Silvery white bark, with elegant pyramidal habit. Like Lom$, bardy Poplar. Butternut. A native tree, of medium siae, spreading limbs, grayish-colored bark and foUaga resembling that of the Ailantus. Nut obVoug and rough. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 87 catalpa. Otalpa. SPECIOSA — A variety originating at the West ; more upright and symmetrical in its growth than the common Catalpa, and blossoms two or three weeks earlier Very valuable for timber, fence posts, railroad ties, ete., possessing wonderful durability. A very ornamental and valuable tree. TEAS’ JAPANESE HYBRID— This is a cross between Catalpa Speciosa and the Japanese Kempferii, and, in vigorous, upright growth, it surpasses either. It has large, luxuriant foliage, and large, handsome white flowers, with purple dots, and a touch of yellow around the throat, which have a pleasant, delicate fragrance, and a tree in bloom not only presents a magnificent spectacle to the eye, but also fills the air for quite a distance with its agreeable odors. In rapidity of growth, it rivals the most luxuriant trees of temperate climates, while its hardiness lias been demonstrated by its standing uninjured twenty-five degrees or more below zero. Comus. FLORIDA {White, -flowering Dogwood ) — An American species of fine form, growing from 16 to 25 feet high. The flowers produced in Spring before the leaves appear, are from three to three and a half inches in diameter, white and very showy. They begin to appear just as the Magnolia flowers arc fading, and are invaluable for maintaining a succession of bloom in the garden border on the lawn. They are also very durable, lasting in favorable weather more than two weeks. RED FLOWERING (Florida Flore Rubro ) — A variety of the well-known White Dogwood, but having a deep rosy pink-colored flower. The leaves also have a soft, velvety appearance, and are of a darker green than the old variety. It makes a good, upright, bushy growth. 38 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of FLOWER OF CORNUS, REDUCED IN SIZE. Chestnut (Castanea,) AMERICAN SWEET ( vescn ) — Among our large collection of ornamental native forest trees, the Chestnut is unrivalled for its beauty. When grown in the open ground, it assumes an elegant symmetrical form. The foliage is rich, glossy and healthy, and the whole tree is covered in early summer with long, pendant, tassel- like blossoms, than which there is none more graceful and beautiful. It is espec- ially desirable for its nuts, which it bears profusely a few years after transplant- ing. The Chest nut thrives well on any soil except a wet one. When nursery grown, bears transplanting well, and when once established is a rapid grower, and soon comes into bearing. JAPANESE SWEET, or GIANT — Of the very many good things introduced from Japan none are more worthy than this. The tree is decidedly ornamental, very hardy and productive ; of dwarf habit, bearing extremely young. Nuts of enor- mous size, and of the sweet, rich flavor of the American Chestnut. Cherry (Cerasus). CHINESE, or DWARF WHITE FLOWERING (Sinensis fl. pi .)— A variety ol the Morello with double white flowers. FLORE ALBA PLENO (Large Double Flowering Cherry)— At the period of flow- ering a remarkably beautiful and attractive tree. The flowers are so numerous as to conceal the branches, and present to the eye nothing but a mass of bloom, each flower resembling a miniature white rose. A valuable variety deserving of wide dissemination. Slay. Elm (Ulmus). AMERICAN WHITE (Americana )—' The noble, drooping, spreading tree of our own woods. One of the grandest of park or street trees. CAMPESTltlS (English)— More upright and compact habit than American ; also, the leaves are smaller and more numerous. PURPLE — A beautiful variety; leaves of rich purple color when young. SCOTCH or WYCH (Montana ) — A fine spreading tree of rapid growth ; foliage large. SUBROSA (Cork-barked)— Bark becomes covered with a fine, dense cork, with deep fissures. Honey Locust. THREE THORNED ACACIA (Gleditsehia Triaca nlhos ) — A rapid growing tree ; delicate foliage, of a beautiful, fresh, lively green, and strong thorns. Makes an exceedingly handsome, impenetrable and valuable hedge. Horse Chestnut (iEsculus). DOUBLE WHITE (Alba Plena ) — A superb variety with large spikes of handsome, double flowers. COMMON or WHITE FLOWERING (Jlippocastanum ) — A very beautiful, well known tree, with round, dense head, dark green foliage, and an abundance of showy flowers : n early Spring. RED FLO WEP'NG (Rubicunda )— Not so rapid a grower as the white ; foliage of a deep green, and blooms later. A very showy tree. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 39 LINDEN. Horse Chestnut, Smooth Fruited (Pavia). RED FLOWERING (Rubra ) — A small sized tree, with (lark red flowers. A very crooked and irregular grower. YELLOW FLOWERING (Flam ) — Has pale green leaves, and showy yellow flow- ers. A fine, small tree. A crooked and irregular grower. Hop Tree. TRIFOLIATA — A large shrub or small tree, of rapid growth ami robust habit. Fruit winged and in clusters. Flowers in June. Hornbeam. AMERICANA (American Hornbeam) — A native species, growing from fifteen to twenty feet high. In its mode of growth, quite similar to the Beech, but the foliage is thinner and more irregular in form. Makes a very ornamental and use ful hedge. 40 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of MAGNOLIA. Judas Tree (Ccrcis). Red Bud. AMERICAN ( Canadensis ) — A small growing tree, covered with delicate purple flowers before the leaves appear. Laburnum. . COMMUNIS (Golden Chain) — A small tree of irregular shape ; bears long, pendent racemes of yellow flowers. Larch (Larix). EUROPEAN ( Europoea ) — An excellent, rapid growing, pyramidal tree; also valu- able for timber. Small branches drooping. Linden (Tilia). WHITE or SILVER LEAVED (Argentea ) — A handsome, vigorous growing tree ; large leaves whitish on the under side, and having a beautiful appearance when ruffled by the wind. One of the best. EUROPEAN (Europoea ) — A pvraniidial tree, with large leaves and fragrant flowers. RUBRA (Red-Twigged European Linden) — A fine variety with blood red branches. AMERICAN or BASSWOOD (Americana )— A rapid growing, beautiful native tree, with very large leaves and fragrant flowers. Liquid Amber. STYRAC1FLUA (Sweet Gum or Bilsteii ) — A fine native oranmental tree. The foliage resembles that of the Maple, and changes to a bright red in Autumn. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 41 Magnolia. ACUMINATA — A noble, beautiful tree with very large leaves and fragrant flowers, tinted with bluish purple. CONSPICUA — A beautiful Chinese variety, with large, white flowers, that appear before the leaves. Tree of small size. LENNEI— One of the best varieties ; flowers large and of a dark, rich purple color. Not hardy enough for the North. SPECIOSA (Showy flowered)— Similar habit to the Soulangeana ; flowers paler and blooms later. SOULANGEANA — Resembles the foregoing, except that the flowers are tinted with purple, and blooms rather later. A most desirable tree for all planters. Maple (Acer). ASH LEAVED (Negundo) — A line, rapid-growing variety, with handsome, light green permeated foliage and spreading head ; very hardy ; excellent for avenue;. WIER’S CUT LEAVED ( Laciniata) — A silver Maple with remarkable and beauti- ful dissected foliage. Of rapid growth ; shoots slender and drooping, giving it a very graceful appearance. Should be in every collection. SYCAMORE (Pseudo Plantanvs)— A large, noble variety, with spacious head and deep green foliage ; a free grower, and very desirable as a shade tree. NORWAY (Plata noides) — A distinct foreign variety, with large broad leaves of a deep rich green. Probably the best Maple in cultivation. PURPLE LEAVED (Purpurea)— One of the most beautiful and distinctly marked of all ; leaves purple red, particularly on the under side. A rapid, strong grower; hardy, and should be in every collection. SCARLET (llubrum) — A rapid growing tree, with red flowers very early in Spring. SC1IWEDLERII (Sehwedler’s Maple) — A beautiful variety, with young shoots and leaves of a bright purplish and crimson color, which changes to purplish green in the older leaves. It is a great improvement on the well known Colchicum llubrum, the foliage being much brighter and the growth more vigorous. SILVER LEAVED ( Dasycarpum ) — Of excellent rapid growth, and desirable for immediate effect. SUGAR or ROCK ( Saccliarinum ) — A very popular American tree, and for its stately form and tine foliage, justly ranked among the very best, both for the lawn and the avenue. , Mountain Ash (Pyrus). EUROPEAN (Aucuparia ) — A fine hardy tree ; head dense and regular, covered from July till winter with large clusters of bright scarlet berries. OAK LEAVED ( Quercifolia ) — A variety with large hoary lobed leaves ; distinct and fine. Oak (Quercus). AMERICANA — A tree of coarse growth and foliage, with large and bright colored berries. CONCORDIA (Golden) — A new variety of great beauty. Leaves green, heavily shaded with a rich golden yellow. A most striking and beautiful tree on the lawn, and should be in every collection. PURPUREA — New and admirable contrast to the Golden. Leaves of a very dark, rich purple, presenting a very striking and beautiful appearance. Very valuable. VARIEGATA— Leaves distinctly margined with white ; effective and pleasing. Paulonia (Imperialis). A magnificent tropical looking tree from Japan, of extremely rapid growth, and surpassing all others in the size of its leaves, which are twelve to fourteen inches in diameter. Blossoms trumpet shaped, formed in large, upright panicles, and appear in May. Quite hardy here, but the flower buds are killed during severe Winters. Peach (Amygdalus). DOUBLE WHITE (Alba Plena) — Very ornamental; flowers pure white and double ; hardy. VARIOUS COLORED (Versicolor, fl. pi.) — The most singular of all the flowering trees ; flowers variously white and red and variegated on the tree at the same time. Flowers earlv, perfectly hardy. PURPUREA (Blood-Leaved) — Leaves are of a deep crimson purple in the Spring. Poplar. FASTIGIATA (Lombard)— A very distinct, well-known variety, of rapid growth and tall, narrow form. Salisburia (Maiden Hair Tree or Gingko). ADIANTIFOLIA — A singular and beautiful tree, foliage yellowish green, curiously lobed and marked wdth delicately' liair-like lines. 42 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of THORN. Thorn (Crataegus). DOUBLE WHITE (Oryacantha Plena )- Has small, double white flowers. DOUBLE SCARLET (Coednea ft. pi .)— A fine variety, flowers deep crimson with scarlet shade ; very double, and considerably larger than the double red ; fine rich foliage. “PAUL'S NEW DOUBLE.” -This is a new sort and the best. Flowers are in clusters like Verbenas ; arc very double, large and full, and of a deep, rich crimson. Tulip Tree. LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA — Anativetree of the Magnolia order ; remark- able for its symmetry, its rich, glossy foliage, regularly distributed brandies and large tulip-like flowers. White Fringe (Chionanthus Virginica). VIRGINICA— Blooms abundantly, bearing curious snow-white fringe-like flowers, is one of the most graceful and pleasing ornaments for the lawn. Walnut (Juglans). NIGRA (Black Walnut)— A native species ; of great size and majestic habit. Bark very dark and deeply furrowed. Foliage beautiful, each leaf being composed of from thirteen to seventeen leaflets. Nut round. Willow (Salix). ROSEMARY LEAVED (Rosemarini folia )— Very distinct and ornamental, with long, glossy, silver foliage. Makes a striking and pretty small tree when worked standard high. yellow Wood (Virgilea Lutea). One of the finest American trees, resembling the Robinias, with long racemes of white, sweet-scented flowers in June. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Siirubs, Plants, Etc. 43 (JUeepiHg Deciduous Trees. Cornus. NEW WEEPING ( Cornus Florida pendula)— Is a variety of Comas Florida,, which is itself known as one of the most beautiful of ornamental plants. It is admired especially for its large white floral bracts, which are succeeded by red berries as brilliant as the Holly, while in the Fall the deep red foliage is one of the chief elements in our brilliant Autumn scenery. Ash (Fraxinus). EUROPEAN WEEPING ( Excelsior Pendula)— The common, well-known sort ; one of the finest lawn and arbor trees, covering a great space and growing rapidly. GOLD BARKED WEEPING (Aurea Pendula) — A singular variety, bark in Winter as yellow as gold. LENTISCUS LEAVED WEEPING ( Untied - folia Pendula ) -Fine glossy foliage; small leaves ; dark colored bark, with slender, drooping branches. Makes an elegant tree. Beech. WEEPING (Pendula). Originated in Belgium. Remarkably vigorous; picturesque tree, of large size. Its mode of growth is extremely curious. The trunk or stem is generally straight, with the branches tortuous and spreading. Quite ungainly in appearance divested of their leaves— but when covered with rich, luxuriant foliage of wonderful grace and beauty. Birch (Betula). CUT-LEAVED WEEPING (Lasciniata Pen- data — An elegant erect tree, with slender, drooping branches and fine-cut leaves. A magnigeent variety, and worthy of a place on every lawn. ELEGANS PENDULA— A new sort from Eu- rope ; habit nearly as pendulous as that of the Kilmarnock Willow. WEEPING MULBERRY. YOUNG'S WEEPING ( Pendula Youngii ) — This variety is of a beautiful pendu- lous habit, with long, slender shoots of picturesque and irregular form. The leaves are broad, almost heart-shaped, and very pretty. As a small weeping or- namental tree it has no eqnal. It is a decided acquisition. Cherry ( Cerasus ). PENDULA (Weeping)— Is worked standard high, and forms a full, globular head, with shining leaves and white flowers. PUMILA (Dwarf Weeping) — Very delicate drooping branches and tiny leaves and flowers. Elm (Ulmus). PENDULA (Camperdown)— Its vigorous, irregular branches which have a uniform weeping habit, over-lap so regularly that a compact, roof-like head is formeu ; the finest Weeping Elm. Linden, or Lime Tree ( Tilia ). WHITE LEAVED WEEPING ( Alba Pendula ) — A fine tree with large leaves and drooping branches. 44 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op Mountain Ash (Pyrus). WEEPING {Aucuparia Pendula ) — A beautiful tree, with straggling, weeping branches ; makes a fine tree for the lawn, suitable for covering arbors. Mulberry, Teas Weeping — A very thrifty, vigorous grower, perfectly hardy, forming a natural umbrella-shaped top, or head, foliage handsome. New and valuable. Poplar (Populus). LARGE LEAVED WEEPING ( Grandidentata ) — A variety having, when grafted standard high, long, slender branches like cords, which droop very gracefully ; foliage large, dark shining green and deeply serrated. Sophora 0 Japonic a). PENDI LA (Weeping) — Foliage and flowers similar to the upright variety ; branches angular and drooping ; one of the finest weepers. KILMARNOCK WEEPING. Willow (Salix). KILMARNOCK WEEPING ( Caprea Pendula) — An exceedingly graceful tree, with large, glossy leaves ; one of the finest of this class of trees ; very hardy. V EEPING (Babylonica ) — Our common and well-known Weeping Willow. AMERICAN WEEPING ( American Pendula ) — An American dwarf, slender branched species, grafted, five or six feet high ; it makes one of the most orna- mental of small weeping trees ; mpre ornamental than the Dabylonica. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 45 Evergreens. Arbor Vitae (Thuja). AMERICAN (Octidentalis )— This plant is, all things considered, the finest Ever- green. Valuable for hedges. It is very hardy, and easily transplanted, few or no plants ever failing if nursery specimens are obtained. It grows rapidly, and with little care, or rather by easy management, it soon forms a most beautiful hedge, very dense, and perfectly impervious to the sight. Of course it is not adapted to turn stock, but it forms a most desirable and ornamental screen to divide the lawn from other parts of the ground, or for any other purpose. COMPACT A (Parson’s)— Foliage light green ; habit dwarfish and quite compact. ERICOIDES (Heath Leaved) — Of low, dwarfish habit, forming a round, compact head, with delicate sharp pointed foliage, PYRAMIDALIS — The most beautifnl of all the Arbor Vitae, having dark green, compact foliage and remarkably erect form ; perfectly hardy. SIBERIAN {Siberica )— The best of the genus of this country ; exceedingly hardy, keeping color well in Winter ; growth compact and pyramidal ; makes an elegant lawn tree ; of great value for ornamental trees and hedges. TOM THUMB — Similar to the Heath Leaved, but more desirable ; remarkable for slow, compact habit ; valuable for planting in cemeteries and small places, where large trees are not admissable. Fir (Picea Abies, etc). BALSAM, or AMERICAN SILVER ( BaXsamea ) — A very regular, symmetrical t.-ee, assuming the conical form even when young ; leaves dark green above, silvery beneath. NOBILIS— A lofty majestic tree, with dark shining green leaves and horizontal branches regularly arranged ; one of the finest Evergreens native to America. NORDMANNIANA — This is a symmetrical and imposing tree ; the warm green of the young shoots contrasts finely with the rich, deep color of the old foliage ; the best” of the Silver Firs. PUNGENS — Colorado Blue Spruce. Known for a time under the following names : Abies Menzusiis Parryana and Abies Engelmardi. One of the hardiest and most beautifnl of all the Spruces ; in form and habit similar to the White Spruce ; foliage of a rich blue or sage color ; an important acquisition. Juniper (Juniperus). VIRGINIAN ( Virginica ) — The Red Cedar. A well-known American tree, with deep green foliage ; makes a fine ornamental hedge plant. IRISH ( ITibemiea) — Very erect and tapering in its growth, forming a column of deep green foliage ; a pretty little tree or shrub, and for its beauty and hardiness is a general favorite. SAVIN ( Sabina ) - A low, spreading tree, with handsome, dark green foliage ; very hardy, and suitable for lawns ana cemeteries ; can be pruned to any desired shape, and made very ornamental. SWEDESH (Sueeiea ) — Similar to the Irish, though not so erect, with bluish-green foliage, of somewhat lighter color than the preceding, forming a beautiful pyra- midal small tree. Pine (Pinus). AUSTRIAN, or BLACK (Austriaea )— A remarkably robust, hardy, spreading tree ; leaves long, stiff and dark green ; growth rapid ; valuable for this country. CEMBRA (Swiss Stone) — Of conical form, very uniform and dense in growth, leaves a dull green ; bears purple cones ; a most desirable dwarf pine. SCOTCH ( Sylvestris ) — A fine, robust, rapidly-growing tree, with stout, erect shoots and silvery green foliage. WHITE ( Strvbus ) — The most ornamental of all our native Pines ; foliage light, delicate or silvery green ; flourishes in the poorest soils. 46 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue or AUSTRIAN PINE. Retinispora (Japanese Cypress). A genus very similar to Cupressus. It comprises many sorts of wonderful beauty. They are natives of Japan, and very few will endure the rigor of our Winters without protection. \\ herever they can be preserved they will amply repay the efforts made. 1 he small varieties are exceedingly desirable for in-door culture in pots. OBTUSA — A tall growing variety, with spreading, graceful foliage of bright green, glaucous beneath. A most beautiful and stately tree. NAXA (Dwarf)— A very dwarf variety of the above. Curious and pretty. AUBE A (Golden Dwarf)— The beauty of its foliage is heightened by the brilliant yellow with which it is colored aud which deepens with age. PISIFEBA — A small tree with numerous delicate branches and feathery foliage ; one of the finest of this genus. PLUMOSA — A variety with fine short branches and small leaves. The soft, plum- like appearance of the foliage gives it its name. ARGENTEA (Silvery) — Foliage similar to the above, distinctly marked with sil- very white spots ; exceedingly attractive. Spruce (Abies). NORWAY (Excelsa ) — A lofty, elegant tree, of perfect pyramidal habit, remarkably elegant and rich, and as it gets age, has line, graceful pendulous branches ; it is exceedingly picturesque and beautiful Very popular, and deservedly so, and should be largely planted. One of the best Evergreens for hedges. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. art Spruce (Abies.) AMERICAN WHITE (Alba)— A. tall tree, with loose, spreading branches and light green foliage. PENDULA (Weeping) — Leaves dark glossy green ; branches very drooping. PYQMjEA — A dwarf variety of the Norway; grows from three to four feet high, very compact. HEMLOCK or WEEPING ( Canadensis ) — An elegant pyramidal tree with drooping branches and delicate, dark foliage, like that of the Yew ; distinct from all other trees. It is a beautiful lawn tree and makes a highly ornamental hedge. Yew (Taxas). ERECT ENGLISH (Baccata Erect a)— A. very tine pyramidal variety of the English Yew, with dark green foliage ; hardy and desirable. ELEGANTISSIMA — A beautiful tree of small, dense habit ; leaves striped with sil ver, frequently turning to light yellow. W AS II I N GTO Nil — New, vigorous in growth, and rich in healthy green and golden yellow foliage ; one of the best. Deciduous Shrubs. Althea, or Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus). These are fine shrubs, and especially valuable because of their flowering in the Fall when all other shrubs are out of bloom. Entirely hardy and easy of cultivation. BOULE DE FEU — A fine new variety, of vigorous growth. Flowers large, very double, and of a beautiful violet red color. VAR, CCERUDEA PLENA— Double blue Althea. DOUBLE VARIEGATED, or PAINTED LADY (Variegatus flore plena) —Fine double flowering, variegated pink and white. DOUBLE LILAC ( Pmniflora ) — Very handsome, double lilac-flowering. DOUBLE PURPLE (Purpurea) — Double, reddish purple. DOUBLE RED (Rubra Plena) — Double red flowers. VARIEGATED LEAVED DOUBLE PURPLE (Variegatti Flore Ple.ru>)— A very showy kind ; distinct, leaves variegated with light yellow ; flowers double purple ; exceptionally fine. Almond (Amygdalus). (Known correctly as Prunus Japonica, FI. Rub. pleno, etc.) DWARF", DOUBLE ROSE FLOWERING (Pwmila Rosea) —A beautiful shrub, with small, double-rosy blossoms. DWARF, DOUBLE WHITE FLOWERING (Pumila Alba). Amorpha (Bastard Indigo). These are fine large shrubs, with small purple or white flowers in dense terminal panicles in July. FRUTICOSA (Shrubby Amorpha, or Wild Indigo). Native of Carolina and Florida. Flowers dark bluish purple in June and July. Anemone, Japonica (Alba). A very desirable, thoroughly hardy, pure white lawn or garden plant. Grows about 18 inches high. Flowers about two inches in diameter. Blooms in the Fall. Very beautiful for cemetery plots. Berberry (Berberis). COMMON EUROPEAN (Vulgaris)— Red fruited. PURPLE-LEAVED (Purpurea)— An interesting and beautiful variety, with violet- purple leaves and fruit. Buckthorn (Rliamnus). PURGING (Catharticus) — A valuable, hardy, robust shrub, with dark, rich foliageand white flowers, followed by black berries. Used extensively for hedges, and being very hardy, is one of the most desirable plants for this purpose. Calycanthus, Sweet Scented Shrub, or Allspice. FLORIDUS (Sweet-scented Shrub) — An interesting shrub, having a rare and pecu- liar fragrance of wood and flowers ; its blooms are abundant and of a peculiar chocolate color. Clethra. ALNIFOLIA (Alder-Leaved) — A native shrub of low and dense growth : leaves abundant and light green ; has numerous spikes of small, white, fragrant flowers. Blooms abundantly in July. Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ov 46 CLETHRA. Fkuit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 4s) Cvrant (Ribes). CRIMSON FLOWERING ( Sanguineum ) — Small deep flowers, blooming abund- antly and early in Spring. YELLOW FLOWERING ( Aureum ) — Bright shining leaves and yellow flowers. Daphne. MEZEREUM PINK (Mezereum ) — Flowers appear very early, before the leaves, and are very beautiful. TRAILING ( Gneorum ) — A very low evergreen shrub, blooming at intervals from May to November. Flowers rose color. Deutzia. ROUGH-LEAVED (Scabra)— One of the most beautiful profuse flowering shrubs; white. SLENDER BRANCHED (Gracilis ) — A charming species, introduced from Japan by Dr. Siebold ; flowers pure white ; tine for pot culture, as it flowers ers freely at a low temperature in winter CRENATA FLORA PLENA— Similar in growth and habit as the above ; flowers double ; white tinged with rose. CANDIDISSIMA (Double white flower- ing} — One of the finest shrubs, pro- ducing snow-white flowers of great beauty, and valuable for bouquets and baskets. Dogwood (Cornus). MASCULA VARIEGATA — Leaves strip- ed with pale yellow or white ; very beautiful. CORNELIAN CHERRY (. Masculd. )— Bright j'ellow flowers in May. RED BRANCHED (Sanguined ) — Very conspicuous and ornamental in Winter on account of its blood-red bark. Exochordia (Grandiflora). A vigorous growing, finely shaped shrub with light foliage and wood, and a t reat profusion of flowers in May ; very esirable. deutzia. Euonymus — Burning Bush — Strawberry Tree. A very ornamental and showy shrub, whose chief beauty consists in its brilliant berries, which hang in clusters from the branches until midwinter • berries rose colored ; planted with a background of Evergreens the effect of contrast is very fine. EUROPiEUS (European Euonymus )— Forms a tree sometimes 30 feet in height. Fruit rose-colored. FRUCTA ALBA — ( White-Eruited Euonymus ) — A variety with white fruit. Elder — (Sambucus). AUREA— A handsome variety with golden yellow foliage and clusters of pure white flowers ; very desirable for ornamenting lawns. CUT-LEAVED (Laeiniata ) — A fine variety of vigorous growth and deeply lacin- iated foliage. VARIEGATED-LEAVED ( Variegata ) — A hardy, variegated shrub: very showy and fine. Filbert — (Corvlus.) PURPLE-LEAVED ( Purpurea ) — A very conspicuous shrub, with large, dark, pur- ple leaves ; distinct and fine. Forsythia. VIRIDISSIMA — Leaves dark green : flowers bright j'ellow; very early in spring. A fine hardj 1 shrub. Introduced bj r Mr. Fortune from China. Globe Flower (Kerria.) JAPAN (Japonica)— A slender, green-branched shrub, covered with a profusion of globular yellow flowers from July to October. 50 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ok Halesia, or Silver Bell. FOUR- WINGED ( Tetraptera ) — A fine, large and very ornamental shrub, with bean- ful white, bell-shaped flowers, in great abundance in May. Honeysuckle, Upright (Lonicera) RED TARTARIAN (Tartarica Rubra) — A well-known shrub ; flowers bright pink, which appear in May. WHITE TARTARIAN ( Tartarica Alba) — Like the preceding, but has dull, white flowers. HYDRANGEA. Hydrangea. LARGE CLUSTERED ( Panieulata ) — A fine large shrub, bearing showy panicles of pink and white flowers in the greatest profusion. It is quite hardy, and is altogether a most admirable shrub for planting singly or on a lawn in masses. QUERCIFOLIA (Oak-leaved Hydrangea) — A hardy, massive shrub, of woody growth and bushy habit. Leaves lo bed like those of the oak, and downy be- neath, turning to crimson in Autumn. Flowers white, changing to purple. OTAKSA — Large foliage of a deep green ; bears a profusion of deep, rose-colored flowers in huge tresses ; new and very fine. TIIOS. HOGG — A beautiful variety with large tresses of pure white flowers. Not hardy, but very valuable for forcing. Lilac (Syringa.) CHARLES THE TENTH — A strong, rapid grower, with large shining leaves, and reddish purple flowers. CHIONANTHUS LEAVED (. Tosikea ) — Has dark, shining leaves like the White Fringe Tree, and purple flowers, fine and distinct. COMMON PURPLE ( Vulgaris Purpurea.) DOUBLE LILAC ( Lemoinei Flore Pleno) — A new and choice variety of the Lilac, producing long racemes of double purple flowers, lasting longer than the single sorts. A valuable acquisition. PERSIAN ( Pevsica ) — Medium sized shrub, with small leaves and bright purple flowers. WHITE PERSIAN ( Persica Alba ) — A flue sort ; white flowers, delicately tinged with rose color. LARGE FLOWERING WHITE (Alba Orandiflora) — A beautiful variety; has very large, pure white panicles of flowers. Considered the best. Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs, Plants, Etc. •51 Plum (Prunus.) (See double-JUmereng Almond.) PRUNUS PISSARDII — The wood and leaf are of a rich, peculiarly vivid dark purple, holding the color well through the entire season, and in this respect supe- rior to Purple-leaved Birch, or any purple-leaved tree we have. It also produces a black fruit of ornamental appearance, early in the season. TRILOBA (Double Flowering Plum) — A highly interesting and desirable addition to hardy shrubs ; flowers semi-double, of a delicate pink, upwards of an inch in diameter, thickly set on the long slender branches ; native of China; hardy. 52 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ok Purple Fringe, Smok# Tree (Rhus Cotinus). A very much admired and conspicuous shrub or small tree, with spreading habit, so as to require considerable space ; covered in mid-summer with a profusion of dusky, fringe-like flowers, desirable for its striking peculiarity of flowering. Quince, japan (Cydonia Japonica). SCARLET— An old and esteemed variety, having a profusion of bright scarlet flowers in early Spring, and one of the best early shrubs we have ; makes a beautiful and useful hedge. BLUSH JAPAN (Alba)— A beautiful variety of the preceding, with a delicate white and blush flowers. Snowberry (Racemosus). Has tiny pink flowers succeeded by white berries that hang for months. Spiraea. The Spiraeas are all elegant, low shrubs, of the easiest culture, and their blooming extends over a period of three months. BILLARDI — Rose color. Blooms nearly all Summer. CALLOSA ALBA — A white flowering variety, of dwarf habit ; very fine. DOUBLE FLOWERING PLUM LEAVED (Prunifolia fl. pi.)— Very beautiful ; its flowers are like white daisies ; from Japan. Blooms in May. DOUGLASI (Douglas’ Spirea)— Has spikes of beautiful deep rose colored flowers in July and August. EXIMEA — Flowers bright rose color. July. One of the best. ELM LEAVED ( Ulmifolia}— Leaves somewhat resembling the Elm. Large, round clusters of white flowers. GOLDEN LEAVED (Aured)— An interesting variety, with golden-yellow tinted foliage, and double white flowers in June. Very conspicuous. LANCE LEAVED (Lancwlata.) — Narrow pointed leaves, and large, round clusters of white flowers that cover the whole plant ; a charming shrub. Blooms in May. REEVESII Fl. PI. (Reeves’ Double) — Flowers white and double ; blooms freely in clusters. One of the best. VAN HOUTTI— One of the most charming and beautiful of the Spirseas, having pure white flowers in clusters or panicles about an inch in diameter. Astonishingly profuse in bloom, and plants remarkably vigorous and hardy. But lately intro- duced from France, and there is no more desirable flowering shrub in cultivation. Syringa (Philadelphus), All the species and varieties of the Syringa have white flowers, many of them quite fragrant. GOLDEN LEAVED (Aured)— A very pretty plant of medium size with golden yellow foliage. It retains its color the entire season, and is valuable for creating pleasing and striking contrasts with both green and purple-leaved shrubs. LARGE FLOWERED ( Graruliflorus ) — A conspicuous showy kind, with large flowers and irregular branches. ^ Tamarix. AFRICAN ( Africana ) — This is a very beautiful shrub, with small leaves, somewhat like the Juniper, and delicate small flowers in spikes. Viburnum. SNOW BALL ( Opulus ) — A well-known favorite shrub, of large size, with globular clusters of white flowers in June. PLICATUM (Plicate Viburnum.)— A rare and exceedingly beautiful species from Japan. Flowers pure white, in very large globular heads. White Fringe (G'hionanthus). VIRGINIAN (Virginica) — One of the best large shrubs or small trees, with superb foliage, and delicate, fringe-like white flowers. Fkuit and Ornamental Tubes, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 53 Weigela. AMA11ILIS OR SPLENDENS — Of much more robust habit ; large foliage and flowers, and blooms freely in Autumn : a great acquisition. DEfeBOISII A beautiful variety, with deep rose-colored flowers, resembling Rosea, but flowers much darker. One of the darkest and best. FLORIBUN I)A Flowers of a rich crimson, and has the additional merit of usually making a second growth and flowering profusely during the latter part of Sum- mer. It is from Japan, and perfectly hardy, and adapted to our climate. Being of such it dark, rich color, it is a great acquisition as compared with tho pale pink, flowers of Rosea and other sorts. HORTENSIS NUTDA — Flowers pure white, retaining their purity the whole time of flowering. Foliage large, habit vigorous. A very profuse bloomer. ROSE COLORED (Rosea ) — An elegant shrub with fine rose-colored flowers. Intro- duced from China by Mr. Fortune, and considered one of the finest plants he Inis discovered. Quite hardy ; blossoms in May. VAN HOUTTI— A new variety of vigorous growth with dark rich crimson flowers, produced in great abundance. Darker than Desboisi, and a decided acquisition. VARIEGATED LEAVED (Fol. V anegata ) — Leaves bordered with yellowish white, finely marked ; flowers bright pink. CuimBiNG Shrubs. Akebia. QUINATA— A fine rapid growing climber, with dark ’green leaves, and purple blossoms in early Summer. Ampelopsis. VEITCHII — A miniature foliaged creeper, which clings with the tenacity of Ivy ; beautiful leaves of a glossy green shaded with purple; perfectly hardy, and colors finely in Autumn. Aristolochia (Birthwort). SIPHO (Tube flowered, or Dutchman’s Pipe)— A twining vine of rapid growth, hav- ing large, dark green leaves and curious, brownish pipe-shaped bloom. Bignonia, or Trumpet Flower. SCARLET (Radicans) — A splendid climber, vigorous and hardy, with clusters of large trumpet shaped scarlet flowers in August . LARGE FLOWERED (Grandiflora) — A magnificent vine with large flowers ; very showy. Honeysuckle (Lonicera). MONTHLY FRAGRANT or DUTCH (Belgica) — Blooms all Summer ; very sweet. COMMON WOODBINE ( Periclymenum ) — A strong rapid grower ; flowers very showy ; red outside, bull within. June and July. CHINESE TWINING ( Japonica ) — Holds its foliage nearly all Winter ; blooms in July and September ; and is very sweet. IIALLEANA (Hall’s New) — Nearly evergreen ; flowers pure white ; produced abundantly ; fragrant like a Jasmine. YELLOW TRUMPET ( Flam)— A. well-known variety, with yellow- trumpet-like flowers. SCARLET TRUMPET {Sempervirens ). — This and its varieties are the handsomest in cultivation. It is a strong, rapid grower, and produces scarlet, inodorous flow-ers all Summer. 54 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of BIGNONLA OK TRUMPET FLOWER. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 55 Ivy (Hedera). ENGLISH — A well-known, old and popular sort. NEW SILVER STRIPED —Deep green leaves, heavily margined with white ; very striking. VARIEGATED LEAVED (Fol. Variegated ) — With smaller leaves than the preced- ing. The Evergreen Ivies often suffer in Winter if exposed to the sun, and should therefore be planted on the north side of a wall or building. Virginia Creeper (Ampelopsis Quinquefolia). A native vine of rapid growth, with large luxuriant foliage, which in the Autumn assumes the most gorgeous and magnificent coloring. The blossoms, which are inconspicuous, are succeeded by handsome dark blue berries. The vine is best calculated to take the place in this country of the celebrated English Ivy, and is really in Summer not inferior to it. Wistaria. CHINESE (Sinensis)— A. most beautiful climber of rapid growth, and producing long pendulous clusters of pale blue flowers. When well established, makes an enormous growth ; it is verj hardy, and one of the most superb vines ever pro- duced. DOUBLE PURPLE (Flore Pleno)— A rare and charming variety, with perfectly double flowers, deeper in color than the single, and with racemes of remarkable length. The plant is perfectly hardy, resembling the Wistaria Sinensis, so well known as one of our best climbing plants. AMERICAN (Frutescense)—A native variety of vigorous habit, and small clusters of light blue fragrant flowers. CHINESE WHITE— Introduced by Mr. Fortune, from China, and regarded as one of his greatest acquisitions. AMERICAN WHITE— A native seedling, pure white. Bunches short. A free bloomer. MAGNIFICA — Flowers in dense ; drooping racemes, and of a pale lilac color. Vigorous and perfectly hardy. CLtEmflTIS. Hardy Climbing Plants with most gorgeous flowers of nearly every shade, from deep purple to pure white ; many of the flowers are from four to seven and eight inches m diameter, growing very rapidly and flowering profusely. All the varieties delight in rich deep soil and a sunny exposure, and need supports to which they should be fastened as they advance. They are well adapted to covering unsightly objects, and are used to advantage about rockwork. Are now the most popular ornamental flowering plants. Are beuetitted by having the roots mulched during winter with any coarse material, such as manure, etc. THE FOLLOWING FLOWER ON SHOOTS OF THE PRESENT SEASON’S GROWTH. Alexandria— This is one of the continuous blooming sorts of real merit ; has a vigorous habit of growth and in flower is remarkably showy and ornamental. The flowers are large and of a pale reddish violet color. New and desirable. July to October. Flammula— An old and well-known variety, which is highly prized for the fragrance of its small, white flowers and its remarkably dark green leaves, which remain on the plant very late. A vigorous grower. July to October. Grand Duchess — A splendid variety, with flowers about nine inches across, bluish white, and of good quality. First-class certificate Royal Horticultural Society. Gipsey Queen — Rich, bright dark velvety purple ; very free, late flowering. Gem — A new and valuable perpetual blooming variety. The flowers are of a deep lav ender blue. The parent plant, though much weakened by propagation, had upwards of one hundred flower buds as late as the middle of October, 1871. Jun/ o October. 56 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ok Gloire de St. Julien — Tilts is one of the best new perpetual white varieties. The flowers are very large and abundant. June to October. Hendersoni — This is a handsome variety of very free-blooming character. The flowers arc of a rich, bluish purple color and bell shaped. It is ornamental, not only on account of the profusion of its flowers, but also for the long continuance of its blos- soming season. June to October. Henryi— New, and one of the best perpetual hybrids, of robust habit and a very free bloomer. The flowers are white, large and very showy. July to October. Jackmanni — This is perhaps the best known of the newer tine perpetual Clematis, and should have credit of the great popularity now attending this family of beautiful climbers. The plant is free in its form of growth, and an abundant and succes- sional bloomer, producing flowers until frozen up. The flowers are large, of an intense violet purple, remarkable for its velvety richness. Though raised in 1862 — since which time many new varieties have been raised and introduced — the Jack- manui lias no superior, and very few, if any, equals. July to October. Jackmanni Alba — strong, vigorous grower, perfectly hardy, and a most prolific bloomer. The flowers are pure white, and make a tine contrast when planted with Jackmanni. Jeanne d’Arc — A free growing, vigorous variety. The flowers are very large— seven inches across — of a grayish or French white color, with three bluish veins in each sepal ; delicate and beautiful. July to October. Louis Van Houtte— A strikingly showy variety, with bluish purple flowers. First-class certificate Royal Horticultural Society. Lord Neville— Flowers large aud well formed ; color, rich dark plum, stamens light, with dark anthers ; edges of sepals finely crimped. First-class certificate Royal Horticultural Society. Lady Caroline Nevil — Beautiful bright mauve, with deeper bars. Very fine. Lady Boville — This very fine variety has peculiar and well-formed cupped flowers, of a clear, soft, grayish blue. It is a vigorous grower and free and continuous bloomer. July to October. Lanuginosa Candida — A variety of the above, having large, delicately tinted, grayish white flowers, which become” white after the flowers are fully expanded. One of the best. July to October. Lanuginosa Nivea— This is one of the finest of blooming plants ; it has great merit in these particulars, viz,: it is pure white— it is a perpetual bloomer — it opens its first blossoms earlier than Jackmanni, and thence continuing to bloom onward until arrested by frost. June to October. Lawsoniana— A hybrid variety, showy and free, with very large, beautiful rosy-purple flowers, which are produced profusely and in continuous succession. July to Oct. Madame Van Houtte— A new white variety, having flowers remarkably fine in size and quality. July to October. Magnifica— A very distinct and effective Clematis. A free flowering variety of the Jackmanni type, giving a good profusion of blooms continuously. The flowers are of a rich purple, with a distinct red bar through the center of each flower leaf. July to October. Marie Lefebvre — A new, vigorous growing variety, with large flowers of a pale silvery mauve, with a deeper mauve colored bar. July to October. Modesta— This variety has a free-growing and free-blooming character, with flowers of a fine form, and of a bright blue color. July to October. Mrs. James Bateman— This is a new variety of great merit ; a free successional bloomer, continuing throughout the season to yield an abundant crop of its showy blossoms, which are of a reddish lilac, changing to a pale lavendar as they become older. July to October. Otto Froebel.— 1 This is a splendid variety, with a very robust habit and very large flow- ers, of a grayish tinted or French white color, and a good form and texture. July to October. Princess of Wales— A deep bluish mauve, with a satiny surface. An exceedingly fine Clematis. Fhuit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs. Plants. Etc. Purpurea Elegans — Deep violet purple, light-colored filaments, and pinkish brown anthers. First-class certificate Royal Horticultural Society. Perfecta— This is a very fine variety of the Lanuginosa class, with large, white, well- formed and handsome flowers ; slightly tinted at first, but bleaching to pure white. July to October. Prince of Wales— This is one of the very profuse flowering varieties, of vigorous habit, showy and free. The flowers are of deep purple with a red bar in the center of each flower leaf. First-rate for bedding as well as training up. July to October. Ramona — This new Clematis originated at Newark, N. Y. It is a strong, rampant grower, very much stronger than Jackmauui, often growing ten to twelve feet the first season. It is a true perpetual bloomer, flowers appearing on the last year's growth and on the new shoots, giving an abundance of bloom all through the season. In size the flower surpasses any f the old sorts, often six to seven inches in diameter, and of the most perfect shape. Color, deep rich lavender. Distinct from any other sort and very attractive. Perfectly hardy and remarkably vigorous. Robert Hanbury — A bluish lilac, flushed at the edge with red and having the bar slightly fringed with red. Rubella— One of the finest of the Jackmanni class, having the same habit of abundant and continuous blooming until frozen up. The flowers are large and of a deep vel- vety claret color ; showy and effective. July to October. Rubro Violacea — This is another of the Jackmanni class, producing flowers in great profusion, which are of a maroon purple, flushed with reddish violet. One of the best. July to October. Samuel Moulson— Mauve, with a reddish tint on the bars. Star of India — A very showy, very free flowering sort, with large flowers, first of a red- dish plum color, changing to a violet purple, with turkey-red bar in the center of each flower leaf. A distinct variety of great merit. July to October. Tunbridgensis — A very fine variety, having flowers o' remarkably good form and red- dish-lilac color, with a central band of bluish mauve. This variety can be used to advantage with the Jackmanni and other dark colored sorts. July to October. Velutina Purpurea — This variety has great merit in being the darkest colored Clematis of the class. It has the vigorous, free-blooming character of the Jackmanni. The flowers are large and of a very rich blackish mulberry-purple color. New and choice. July to October. Viticella Major — This is an improved form of the Yiticella ; is a free grower, with flow- ers of reddish-plum color. Viticella Rubra Grandiflora — This is the nearest approach to a crimson Clematis yet obtained. The flowers, which are very abundant, are of a dull crimson color; and has green stamens. July to October. Viticella Venosa — A beautiful Clematis of free growth. The flowers are above medium size ; the color is a pleasing tint of reddish purple, elegantly veined with crimson. July to October. The following varieties flower in Spring and early Summer, from the old or ripened wood of the previous year’s growth. Albert Victor— This is one of the early flowering hybrids, having largo flowers of a deep lavender, with a pale bar in the center of each sepal. The flowers are pro- duced freely from the hist of May to the first of July. Aureliana — A valuable hybrid variety ; flowers large and of a lively porcelain blue color, which are produced in great profusion. June to October. Coccinea (Scarlet Clematis)— Flowers most brilliant scarlet, quite unlike that of any other Clematis. Blooms in July. Very choice and desirable. Duke of Norfolk- A very deep mauve color, with a broadish pale bar. The anthers are dark colored. Duchess of Teck — A [Hire white, with a faint, delicate mauve bar. Awarded first- class certificate by the Royal Botanic Society. 58 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op CLEMATIS VARIETIES. Fair Rosamond— Free growing and handsome. The flower is fully six inches across, and consists of eight sepals. The color is white with a bluish cast, having a light wine red bar up the center of each sepal. Flowers very fragrant, and are abundant through June and first of July. Lady Londesborough— One of the best of the early flowering Japanese Hybrids. The flowers are large, of a silvery gray, with a paler bar in the center of each senal June to July. r Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 59 Lord Derby — Anthers reddish purple, with white filaments. Lady Alice Neville — Color rosy lilac, with pale mauve bars. Certificate Royal Horticul- tural Society. Mrs. Geo. Jackman — Satiny white, with a creamy bar. This variety often flowers on the young wood, giving it more the character of a perpetual bloomer. This is one of the best of the early flowering whites. Miss Bateman — One of the most charming of the Spring flowering hybrids, having large white flowers, with chocolate red anthers, and somewhat fragrant. May ana June. Montana — A remarkably free-growing, exceedingly ornamental, hardy, Indian-climber, well adapted for trailing over walls or trellises. The flowers are white, with a dash of pink and tuft of straw-colored stamens. Sweet scented and very copious— the branches literally becoming converted into floral garlands. Standishii — Introduced from Japan. A remarkably free-growing variety, with beautiful richly-colored, very finely formed flowers, of a light mauve purple color. One of the liest. June. Stella— New. Very showy, one of the choicest. The flowers are of a lighter violet or deep mauve, with a distinct bar in the center of each sepal of a reddish plum color. The Queen— A new variety, having a free habit and remarkably handsome foliage an flowers of a delicate lavendar color. Virginiana — A very strong grower, having fragrant white flowers. Valuable for cover- ing screens. DOUBLE SORTS. Duchess of Edinburgh— This is without doubt the best of the pure whites. Deliciously scented. Enchantress— A very large and distinct variety. Good habits, bearing very double white flowers. The exterior petals are very prettily flushed in the center with rose. First-class certificate Royal Horticultural Society. Excelsior— A distinct, double-flowered sort, with flowers about six inches across, of a grayish purple or deep mauve color, marked with a plum-colored bar ; the outer flower leaves of the same color as the large ones. It is a first-class certificate variety. Fortune— This was introduced from Japan by Mr. Fortune. The flowers are large, double, white and somewhat fragrant. John Gould Veitch— Sent from Japan in 1802. The flowers are very handsome, distinct, large, double, and of a light blue or lavendar color. It is like Fortunci, except in the color of the flowers. June and July. Lucie Lemoine— New. Flowers white, double, large and well formed ; composed of 75 to 90 petals, very showy. June. 10 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of Camellia. The Camellia is not sufficiently hardy for open air culture and requires artificial warmth and protection. It blooms through the Winter and early Spring months, and requires a soil of rich loam and well rotted Alba Plena — White ; one of the best known and best varieties in cultivation. Carswelliana — Variegated. Fine. Chandlerii — Red and white. Elata — Dark crimson. Duchess d’Orleans— Flesh colored, striped with white. compost, thoroughly mixed. Jeffersonii — Bright crimson. Fine form. Lady Hume’s Blush — Flesh color. Sherwood — Rosy crimson. William IV. — Splendid ; variegated red and white. William Penn — Cherry red. Fine. Wilderii — Bright rose.' Fine form. Hardy Ghent Azaleas. This class of Azaleas are sufficiently lmrdy for open air culture and will stand oui winters without protection, though a mulching of straw or loose litter is desirable, at least until they become established. They are among the most beautiful of flowering shrubs, presenting the best effect where massed in beds. They require no other than an ordinary garden soil, with moderate fertilizing each year. LIST OF VARIETIES WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS. Amoena — Bright purple and double. Calandulacea Flammea — Scarlet. Coccinea — Dark orange. Cordon — Light orange. Bouquet de Flore — Pink and white ; fine. Cruenta — Scarlet ; fine. Dr. Gray — Scarlet. Ne Plus Ultra — Orange; fine. Penicellata Stellata — Straw color and salmon. Wm. C. Bryant — Pink and orange. Narcissa Flora — Splendid yellow, double. Nudi Flora — Pink and white. CHINESE AZALEAS. These are less desirable, half hardy and require the protection of conservatory, greenhouse or frames during Winter. Otherwise they may be treated the same as the Ghents. Alba Perfecta — Fine “White. Amarantina Splendida — Rosy purple. Adolphe de Nassau — Large rose. Coloris Nova — Superb crimson. Georgiana — Copper red scarlet. Louise Margottin — White, semi-double, striped with crimson, iveryana — White, striped with rose. Marie Van Houtte — Large, semi-double; white, striped and blotched with rosy salmon. Extra fine. Madam Perrine — Variegated. Marie Vervaine — Variegated, crimped. Fine. Symmetry — Good form ; rosy salmon. Triomphe de Ledeburg— Scarlet crimson Fine. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 61 RHODODENDRON. f^HODODEHDROflS. These are the most magnificent of all Evergreen Shrubs, with rich green foliage and superb clusters of showy flowers. They flourish best in a rich garden soil, and like Azaleas, are most effective when grouped. Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op I lie following varieties are entirely liartlv and adapted to a Northern climate : Album Elegans — Large white flower; an admirable variety and strong grower. Abraham Lincoln — A superb crimson ; very fine foliage. Bertie Parsons — Lilac blush. Bicolor — Dark rose. Blandyanum — A very bright rose. One of the best. Grandiflorum — Deep rose, inclining to crimson ; an abundant bloomer. One of the best sorts. Catawbiense (Seedling) — Having lilac col- ored and red flowers simply. Everestianum — Rosy lilac, with crimped petals and yellow eye. Very fine. Perspicuum — White. Purpureum— Purple. Roseum Elegans — Rosy tinted. Very fine. Roseum Superbum — A good late sort; rose colored. Speciosum — A light pink ; late bloomer. l^OSES. HYBRID PERPETUAL OR HYBRID REMONTANT. Hybrid or Remontant Roses are perfectly hardy, free and constant bloomers, of all shades of colors from very dark to perfectly white. To obtain the most satisfactory results, they should be planted in rich, deep, well drained soil, and severely pruned in early Spring, before the buds start. Achille Gonod — Dark carmine red ; very large, full and bold flower. Alfred Colomb— Bright carmine red; clear color, large, deeply built form ; exceedingly tine. Anna de Diesbach — Carmine ; a beautiful shade, moderately full and very large. Augusta Mie— Clear, rosy pink ; very large and finely cupped ; vigorous, fine. Baron de Bonstetten — Rich, velvety maroon ; large, full. A splendid sort though a shy bloomer in Autumn. Barronne de Maynard — Pure white, medium-sized flowers ; good form ; very double and one of the most persistent of bloomers. Beauty of Waltham — Almost full ; beautiful, bright cherry color. Baronne Prevost — Deep rose ; very large and full ; a vigorous grower and abundant bloomer ; one of the oldest and finest of this class. Belle of Normandy — Silver rose color ; large, full, and globular in form. Extra line. Baroness Rothschild — Light pink, cupped form, very symmetrical, without fragrance, very beautiful ; a moderate grower only. Climbing Jules Margottin— Carmine rose, lightened with pink ; full flowers of medium size, very pretty in bud. This is a decided acquisition ; the flowers are the same as in the old variety, except that they are a little smaller, and quite as freely produced; the growth is more vigorous. Countess de Serenye— A seedling from La Heine, but shows much of the Jules ilar- gottin character. Silvery pink, often mottled ; full, finely shaped, globular flowers, of medium size ; wood light green, foliage darker, thoriis red ; slightly fragrant ; very distinct ; not always reliable about opening, but a very free bloomer, and well worthy a place in a small collection; decidedly one of the finest Autumnal roses, and also one of the most beautiful for forcing. Fruit and Ornamental, Trees, Srinuns, Pi, ants. Etc. 63 Countess of Oxford — A seedling from Victor Yerdier ; bright carmine fading in the sun , very large and full ; not fragrant. Wood almost thornless ; foliage very hand- some, large and distinct. Fine in bud, valuable for forcing. Charles Lefebvre — Fine bright red, center purple shaded ; large and globular ; one of the grandest roses. Caroline de Sansal — Clear, delicate flesh '•olor, becoming blush ; magnificent variety ; the best rose of its color in the catalogue, surpassing even the Victoria, which is very similar in color ; growth vigorous and foliage luxuriant. Climbing Victor Verdier — Rosy carmine, purplish edges ; showy and very effective. Coquette des Alps — White, lightly shaded with carmine ; of medium size ; a free bloomer. Captain Christy — Delicate flesh color, shaded rose in the center ; a large, finely formed flower. Coquette des Blanches — Pure white, flowering in clusters ; a very free bloomei . Doctor Arnal — Bright crimson, fine form, large and double ; good grower, free bloomer. Duke of Edinburgh — Rich, velvety Vermillion ; very hardy and vigorous. Dinsmore — A true perpetual, flowering very freely the whole season ; flowers large and very double ; color deep crimson. The plant is of a dwarf, bushy habit, every shoot producing a bud. Empress of India— An imperial rose in every respect ; splendid form, very large, full and double ; very fragrant ; dark violet crimson, finely shaded and velvety. Eliza Bcelle — White, lightly tinged with rose ; medium size, good form. Francois Michelon — Deep carmine rose ; very large, full and one of fine globular form; fragrant and a free bloomer. A seedling from La Reine. A very distinct, choice sort ; excellent late in June and July, when other varieties are gone. General Washington — Brilliant rosy crimson ; large and double ; fine. General Jacqueminot — Brilliant crimson scarlet ; very showy and effective. Giant of Battles — Very deep, brilliant crimson center ; dwarf habit, free bloomer and one of the very best. Joasine Hanet— Purplish red, very full ; blooms in clusters. John Hopper— Rose, with rosy crimson center ; splendid form. Jules Margottin — Light, brilliant crimson ; large, full and beautiful. Louis Van Houtte — Beautiful maroon ; medium size ; full, of fine shape, deliciously perfumed. La Reine— Bright rosy pink ; very large, double and s™-«et ; one of the best. Leopold Premier — Bright dark red ; fine form, large and . Leopold Hausburg — Bright carmine, large and full ; habit somewhat pendant. Louise Margottin — Beautiful pink ; cupped form, Lord McCartney — Crimson, as bright as General Jacqueminot ; of very fine appearance; prolific in bloom and very hardy ; very desirable. Madame La Charme — White, sometimes faintly shaded with pink ; moderately large ; a free bloomer in Spring. Madame Laffay — Rosy crimson, large and double ; one of the best. Mrs. Elliott — Bright rose, large, vigorous and one of the best. Mademoiselle Eugene Verdier— A seedling from Victor Verdier. Beautiful silver rose ; large, full, of fine form ; large, lustrous foliage, exquisite buds ; of gre/ 1 merit. Mabel Morrison— A sport from Baroness Rothschild. Flesh white, changing to pure white ; in the Autumn tinged with rose ; double, cup-shaped flowers, freely pro- duced. In all save substance of petal and color, this variety is identical with Baron- ess Rothschild. Though not so lull in flower as we would like it, it is the best white Hybrid Perpetual raised. 64 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of HYBRID PERPETUAL OR REMONTANT ROSE. Madame Charles Wood — One of the most valuable Hybrid Perpetual roses ever intro- duced. The dower is extra large, full and double ; color deep, rosy crimson, some- times brilliant scarlet , with maroon shading ; it blooms soon after planting out and continues to bloom all summer. Marquis of Salisbury — Deep rose, with crimson shading. Perfectly imbricated, round, globular form, like a well arranged ball ; a grand autumnal rose, and perhaps the finest shape yet raised ; a strong, compact, habited plant. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. oo Marchioness of Exeter — A seedling from Jules Margottin. Free; rosy vermilion; size medium or large ; form semi-globular, full, fragrant. A rose of considerable substance. Madame Victor Verdier— Bright cherry rose ; large, compact and finely cupped ; blooms in clusters ; a free bloomer. Madame Boutin — Dark cherry rose ; large and of bold, globular form. Marshall P. Wilder — Cherry carmine ; continues in bloom long after other varieties are out of flower ; the finest H. P. rose yet produced. Paul Neyron— Deep rose color, good foliage ; by far the largest variety in cultivation. Pceonia— Cherry red, brilliant ; extra fine form ; a beautiful rose. Pierre Notting— Deep velvety crimson. A beautiful globular-shaped flower, distinct and fine. Pius the Ninth— Bright purplish red, changing to violet ; very large and full ; robust and profuse bloomer ; one of the best. Portland Blanche— Pure white flowers, like Blanche Vibert. Said to bloom more freely in the Fall. Prince Camille de Rohan— Deep velvety crimson ; large, moderately full. A splendid rose. President Lincoln— Dark crimson, medium size, rich. A most prolific bloomer and should be in every collection. Hardy and a fair grower. Perle des Blanches— Vigorous, very large and full, well formed ; white center, cliang- ing to flesh color. Richard Smith— Velvety maroon ; very dark. Reine Blanche— Pure white, beautifully cupped. Exceedingly beautiful both in bud and bloom. Star of Waltham— Carmine Crimson, medium or large size ; semi-globular, full. Fol- iage very large. Smooth green wood, with occasional red thorns. Sir Garnet Wolseley— Vermilion, shaded with bright carmine. Color well maintained throughout. Sydonie— Blush, large and fine, distinct ; a vigorous grower. Victor Verdier — Clear rose, globular, fine form and free bloomer. Superb. Victoria— Pale blush, nearly white, very large, full and double. Strong grower and abundant bloomer. William Griffith— Rosy lilac, large and beautifully formed, vigorous and profuse bloomer One of the best. HYBRID TEA ROSE. These are produced by crossing Tea Roses and Hybrid Perpetuals. La France is of this class, and is probably more highly prized than any other Rose. They are not quite as robust as the Hybrid Perpetuals, but sufficiently so to endure our climate with a little protection in winter. Beauty of Stapleford— Flowers large, double and handsomely formed, color bright pink, shading gradually towards the center to deep rosy carmine. Makes beautiful buds’ and is a profuse bloomer. Charles Margottin— A seedling from Jules Margottin, reddish crimson ; form semi- cupped, very large, full and sweet, retains color well and is a very fine bloomer ; foliage slightly enmped. Cheshunt Hybrid — Cherry carmine, with a shade of violet ; flowers large, full, slightly fragrant. A tine bloomer in Spring, but not in Autumn ; distinct and fine. Countess of Roseberry— Victor Verdier type. Cherry red ; a good color ; large, full, cupped ; not fragrant ; smooth wood, handsome foliage ; promising. Duke of Connaught — Bright crimson, changing to reddish crimson ; large, full flowers, without fragrance, A showy, good Rose, both in bud add flower. Descisipvive and Illustrated Catalogue of TEA ROSE. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc 67 Duchess of Connaught — Silvery rose, of large globular form, highly scented. Both in color and fragrance this variety resembles La France, but the dowers arc more circu- lar and the foliage larger. If it proves sufficiently distinct from La France it will be a great addition. Duchess of Westminster — Carmine-rose, large, full flowers, with a faint Tea odor. This retains very nearly the same shade of colors as Marquise de Castellane, which is not common among the Teas. La France — Delicate silvery rose ; very large and full ; an almost constant bloomer, equal in delicacy to a Tea Rose ; the most pleasing fragrance of all Roses; a moderate grower ; semi-hardy. Jean Sisley — Lilac-rose; large or very large; very full, without fragrance. A very free-bloomer, always in flower, but having too 'much substance it is not valuable for forcing, the buds not opening well ; more valuable for open air culture than for the house. Michael Saunders — Free or moderate. Bronzed rose, a distinct color ; large, beautifully formed flowers, which, from their great fullness, do not always open well under glass, but are tine in open air ; somewhat fragrant. Nancy Lee — Satiny rose, of a very delicate and lovely shade. Beautiful buds, of me- dium size, highly perfumed ; growth slender. Pierre Guillot — Bright dazzling crimson, passing to brilliant carmine ; petals beautifully veined with pure white; flowers very double and full; a free bloomer and very sweet, Puritan — A beautiful pure white variety of the most delicious fragrance. In size and shape of flower it very closely resembles the Hybrid Perpetual class, with the flower- ing habit of the ever-blooming section. The' flower is surrounded by a wreath of foliage which sets it oil to the best advantage. Viscountess Falmouth — (Seeded from President, fertilized with Moss Rose Soupert Hot- ting). Flowers extra large and full, splendid form, color delicate pinkish rose, back of petals bright carmine. This color overlapping the other gives it a most lovely ap- pearance ; very distinct and beautiful. It is a constant bloomer and very fragrant. William Francis Bennett — This is a magnificent variety for pot culture or for forcing flowers in Winter. It is one of the most popular Roses with the cut flower growers for Winter use. The buds are of exquisite shape, long and pointed, like Niplietos, and rivaling Gen. Jacqueminot in its rich glowing crimson color. BOURBON ROSES. These are not quite so hardy as the preceding class, requiring slight protection in the North. They are continual bloomers, of vigorous, rapid growth, with rich luxuriant foliage. Blanche Lafitte — Pale flesh color ; full and beautiful. Hermosa — Light blush or flesh color, large, full and double ; grows freely and blooms profusely ; fine. Louise Odier — Fine bright rose, large, full cupped form. Louis Margottin — Delicate satin rose, fine form ; free bloomer, and a superb new rose. Omar Pasha — Scarlet crimson, fine and vigorous; one of the very best. Queen of the Bourbons — Fawn colored rose, beautiful and profuse bloomer. Sir J. Paxton — Deep rose, shaded with crimson ; very strong grower, fine rich foliage and free bloomer. Souvenir de la Malmaison— Pale flesh, with a fawn shade ; very large, full, beautiful. 68 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of NOISETTE ROSES, These are the finest autumnal bloomers, and are distinguished 'by flowering in clus ters. They are not quite hardy, requiring a little protection during severe winters. Augusta— Sulphur yellow’, large and full, very fragrant, strong grower similar to, if not identical with Solfaterre. Caroline Marinesse— Creamy white, small and full, nearly hardy ; flowers resemble those of Felicite Perpetual. Cloth of Gold (ChromateDa)— Rich, deep yellow ; large, double, fragrant, and a vigor- ous grow’er. Celine Forestier— Fine, bright yellow’, highly fragrant, a strong grower and profuse bloomer ; a fine rose. Larmarque— White, with sulphur center, flowers in clusters. A magnificent climbing rose under glass. Lady Emily Peel— Has pure white flowers in large clusters ; a free grower and fine for pillars. Narcisse — Pale yellow ; a beautiful tea-scented rose. Yellow — Sulphur yellow’ ; rather feeble grower. Solfaterre— Bright sulphur yellow, large and gobular. Woodland Margaret— Pure white, rather small ; a free bloomer. TEA ROSES. The perfume of these Roses is most delicate and agreeable ; indeed, they may be called the sweetest of all Roses. The flowers are also very large, and delicate in their colors, such as white, straw, and flesh color, and various tints of rose combined with them.’ They are more tender than any other rose in the catalogue, requiring a house or pit in Winter. They are most desirable for pot culture. Bon Silene— Purplish carmine. Catherine Mermet -Bright flesh color, with the same pecular silvery lustre possessed by La France ; large, full and beautiful form ; decidedly one of the finest Tea Roses, Cornelia Cook— A seedling from Dcvoniensis. Pale yellowish w’liite, sometimes tinged w-ith flesh ; flowers verv large and full ; not a free bloomer, and often does not open well, but a superb rose when well grown. Jeanne d’ Arc— Pure white, very fragrant and beautiful ; strong, luxuriant grower ; fine pillar rose. Clara Silvain— Pure white, large and full. Clothilde — Bright salmon rose ; large, full, of good shape, hardy and effective. Devoniensis — White, w’ith blush center ; large and fine. Duchess of Edinburgh— A very desirable novelty. Flowers of good size moderately full, deep crimson in the buds, becoming brighter as they expand ; good for At inter flowering. Empress Eugenie — Silvery rose, medium size ; full, fragrant ; a good variety. Glorie de Dijon— Yellow, shaded with salmon and rose ; large, full and distinct. Isabella Sprunt — Sulphur yellow, very fine ; especially desirable for house blooming. Marechal Neil— Very bright, rich, golden yellow ; very large, full and perfect form , the petals are extra large and of good substance ; of vigorous growth and a free bloomer. This is unquestionably the finest of all lea Boses. Madame Bravy— White, with rose center, large and fine. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 69 Madame Marie Sisley — Groundwork a delicate primrose yellow, each petal edged with bright pink ; very vigorous and free flowering ; a very fine rose. Madame Welche— Amber yellow, deepening toward the center to orange or coppery yellow ; delicately tingea and shaded with reddish crimson ; the flower" is extra large; globular form, very double, full and exceedingly sweet. An extra fine variety. Madame Joseph Schwartz — A strong, vigorous grower and one of the hardiest tea roses for out-door bedding. The flowers arc cup-shaped and borne in clusters. Color white, beautifully flushed with pink. Madame de Watteville — Also known as the Tulip Rose, on account of the beautiful feathery shadings of bright rose around the edge of each petal. A strong, vigorous grower, with handsome foliage. Color white, shaded with salmon, outer petals feath- ered with bright rose ; very fragrant ; flowers large and beautiful shape. Papa Gontier — A magnificent red Tea. It is a strong grower with fine healthy foliage ; the buds are large and long, with thick, broad petals of a dark carmine crimson color, changing to a lighter shade in the open flower. An excellent winter blooming variety, and one of the best for out-door planting, opening up the flowers in beautiful shape when grown in the open ground. Perle des Jardins— A beautiful straw color, sometimes deep canary; very large, full and of fine form ; stiff shoots or stems and very free flowering. Pearl (Seeded from President, fertilized with Comtesse dc Serenye) — Beautiful pale flesh color, or creamy white, delicately tinged with rosy blush ; medium size, very full, perfect form ; delightfully perfumed. Reine Marie Henriette — flower large, full, of fine form ; color, beautiful cherry red, with a shade of violet ; flowers somewhat flat, highly scented, and in color and form have some resemblance to Chesliuut Hybrid ; an extra fine climbing variety. Sefrano — Fawn, shaded with rose. Sunset — Tawny shade of saffron and orange, very double and handsome, and has beau- tiful rich foliage ; one of the best roses of recent introduction ; excellent for forcing. The Bride — A lovely pure white tea rose of large size. Admirable for forcing as well as for summer flowering. The buds have more substance than Niphetos, are full and double and possess the good characteristics of Catherine Mermet. Triomphe de Luxembourg— Salmon buff, shaded with deep rose ; distinct and fine. Yellow Tea — An old and popular rose ; very fragrant ; straw color ; very fine bud. CHINA, OR BENGAL ROSES. These are very appropriate for beds on account of their dwarf habits of growth. They bloom all through the Summer in open ground, and may be protected through the Winter in a pit or house. Agrippina, or Cramoise Superior — Rich velvety crimson. Arch Duke Charles — Rosy crimson, distinct and fine, Douglass — Rich velvet color ; a fine, free bloomer. Daily, or Common — Light pink, a constant bloomer. Eugene Beauharnais — Bright amaranth ; distinct and fine. Sanguinea — Deep crimson ; a most profuse and constant bloomer and free grower. 70 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of POLYANTHA ROSES. A new class of Roses of dwarf habit, with small, very double flowers, freely pro- duced ; while they are perfectly hardy, and most excellent for out-door planting, they '.re also fine for winter blooming. Jean Drivon — The flowers of this variety are the largest of any of the Polyantha class, being nearly one-half larger than some others. Color, pure white ; growth bushy, fine for pot culture. Max Singer (Climbing Polyantha) — A very strong, rampant growing rose : will be use- ful in the South for covering verandas and pillars ; flowers in clusters like the dwarf varieties ; color bright pink ; not as free flowering as the rest of the class. Mignonette — One of the most beautiful miniature Roses imaginable. The flowers are full and regular, perfectly double, borne in large clusters, often thirty to forty flowers each. Color clear pink changing to white, tinged with pale rose ; a constant and profuse bloomer. Miniature — One of the most beautiful miniature roses ; flowers quite small and of regu- lar form ; plant very dwarf, but vigorous and branching ; color white, slightly tinted with a peachy pink. Paquerette — Pure white, about one inch in diameter, flowering in panicles of from five to forty blooms ; full, prettily formed, recalling blossoms of the double flowering cherry. In flower continuously from June to November. Perle d’Or— Color of the buds beautiful nankeen yellow with vivid orange center ; each petal tipped with white, changing to buif-tinged rose in the open flower ; a splendid variety either for pot culture or bedding out. CLIMBING ROSES. These are admirably adapted for covering walls, trellises, old trees, unsightly build- ings, etc. Their rapid growth, perfect hardiness, luxuriant foliage, immense clus- ters of beautiful flowers commend them at once to every one. Baltimore Belle — Pine white with blush center ; very full and double. Gem of the Prairie — A hybrid between the Queen of the Prairie and Madam Laffay. It is a strong and vigorous grower, similar in habit to the Queen, but the flowers are considerably darker in color, besides being quite fragrant. Greville, or Seven Sisters — Large clusters of bloom, shaded to dark red. Mrs. Hovey — Pale, delicate blush, becoming almost white ; resembles Baltimore Belle. Queen of the Prairie — Bright rose color ; large, compact and globular ; a very profuse bloomer. One of the best. Triumphant — Color, rose ; darker than Baltimore Belle. Strong grower, free bloomer, a very excellent sort. A desirable addition to the list of Climbing Roses. MOSS ROSES. JEtna . — Bright crimson, very double ; superb. Captain John Ingram — Dark velvety purple, full and fine. Countess of Murinais — White, slightly tinged with flesh. The best white moss. Crested — Rose ; beautiful and curious mossy fringed calyx. Finest of all for buds. General Drouot — Deep crimson, very mossy, a free bloomer ; dwarf habit ; perpetual. Glory of Mosses — Pale rose, very large, full and beautiful. Luxembourg — Large, cupped, fine purplish crimson ; a luxuriant grower and free bloomer. Laneii— Rosy crimson, shaded with purple, grows well, superb. Madame Edward Ory — Reddish carmine, large and full. A very moderate grower; per- petual. Perpetual White — Pure white, blooms in large clusters. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 71 MOSS ROSES — continued. Princess Adelaide — Blush, becoming quite pale ; very double and well formed ; the most vigorous grower of all the Mosses. Salet — Clear rose color, very double, vigorous growth and abundant bloom ; perpetual. Wm. Robb — Light crimson purple, large and double. Unique — Pure white, large and full. SUMMER ROSES. Lureti — Fine, dark velvety purple ; globular and double. Harrison’s Yellow — Double ; bright yellow ; very showy and fine. Madame Hardy — White, large, full and double. Madame Plantier — One of the finest pure white roses, blooming in clusters. Persian Yellow — Deep golden yellow ; double and very fine. ARBOR VIT.E — TOM THUMB. Evergreen Shrubs. Arbor Vitae. , . , , , , . TOM THUMB— Similar to the IIcatli-Leaved, but more desirable ; remarkably slow, compact habit ; valuable for planting in cemeteries and small places, where large trees are not admissable. Ashberry (Mahonia). , , , , „ HOLLY-LEAVED ( Aquifolia}—\ most beautiful shrub, with glossy, holly-like leaves, which change to brownish green in winter, with clusters of bright yellow flowers in May ; very hardy and makes a good hedge. Box (Buxus). ... DWARF (Suffruticomy-The -wen-known variety used for hedging. TREE BOX — Several sorts. EU0 ^)ICAXS VARIEGATA— A charming shrub of dwarf and trailing habit ; it is perfectly hardy and has foliage beautifully variegated with silvery white, tinted with red in the Winter. Unsurpassed for edging. 73 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ok Hedge Plants. To secure a good hedge it is necessary to plant well. Dig a wide, deep trench, and work the soil thoroughly into the roots. Settle the ground firmly, so that each plant will be set as solidly as a post, then mulch heavily with some coarse material for a distance of one or two feet on either side, according to the size of the plants. This is especially necessary with Evergreens, and all exposure of the roots to the sun and air must he strictly avoided. Evergreens should not be planted in the Fall. DECIDUOUS HEDGE PLANTS. Honey Locust — Very hardy, and the cheapest and best for defensive hedges. Osage Orange— Highly esteemed at the West and South. Not hardy enough for the Northern States. Japan Quince— Unquestionably the finest of all plants for an ornamental hedge. Grows very compactlv, will submit to any amount of pruning, while the brilliant and showy scarlet flowers make it exceedingly attractive. The following are also very desirable for ornamental hedging, description of which will be found under the proper headings in this Catalogue : Purple Berberry, Roses, Altheas, Privet, Spireas, Tartarian Honeysuckle, Dwarf Box, for edging. Paeonies. A splendid class of shrubs, flowering in all shades, from red and lilac to white, with blooms from four to eight inches in diameter. Many of them are very double, and have a delicate and refreshing fragrance ; they are easily cultivated and require but little pro- tection. TREE PEONIES. Banksii — Rosy blush, with purplish center ; double and fine. HERBACEOUS PEONIES. These are very beautiful, showy, and easily cultivated plants, blooming from the beginning of May to the end of July. They should have a place in every garden. A selection will give a continuous bloom for three months. We offer the best sorts, vary- ing from pure white, straw color, salmon, flesh color and blush to lilac and deep rose. Evergreen Hedge Plants. Am. Arbor Vitas, Mahonia Aquifolia, Norway Spruce, Tom Thumb Arbor Vitae, for borders, Siberian Arbor Vitae, Hemlock, ,TEC*lCR LITH. CO ROCH N CRIMSON RAMBLER. This remarkable rose was originally received from japan. The plant is :>f very vigorous growth, making shoots of from 8 to 10 feet high in a season, and is therefore a most desirable climbing variety, though it may also be grown in bush form. The flowers hold their beautiful crimson color a long time without fading, and give a most magnificent effect in contrast to the bright, glossy foliage. Is entirely hardy and the greatest acquisition among roses for the past ten years. ' Fkuit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Pi-ants, Etc. 73 MMSCoHSILlLA POE©US BORDER and HOUSE PLANTS "VVe o:!er a fine assortment of the best varieties of these useful plants, which are exceedingly valuable on account of their hardiness, easy culture and showy appearance. Most of these will live all winter in the open ground, and bloom freely every year. The leading varieties for this purpose follow' : Anemone. Double and single, white and scarlet ; single the most bril- liant. Plant live inches apart and cover three inches deep. They flower after the Hya- cinths, and continue a long time in bloom. Excellent for cemetery plants. carnations. Bell Flower (Campanula). Large, showy, bell shaped flowers of pure white, blue and purple. June to August Baptisia (False Indigo). Handsome spike of blue. Lupin-shaped flowers ; in June and July. Carnations. White, carmine, rosy pink and striped ; very beautiful and fragrant, continuing in flower a longtime. Plant in pots in Fall, and grow in conservatory or parlor window. One of the best house plants. 74 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue ok Chrysanthemums. The prettiest of the late Autumn and eanv Winter flowering plants. In November and December there is nothing that will make such a cheerful display. Plant in pots and place them in the house where they will have the sun. The prevailing colors are white, yellow and red, the red being the least interesting. Columbine (Aquilegia). Well-known flowers, hanging from rather tall stems, about two feet high ; various colors. Daisy (Beilis). Red, white and pink, double and quilled. Dahlias. The Dahlia is the grandest Autumn flower wo have. Nothing is its equal in any respect in September and October. It is in its glory when everything else is faded or fading, and surrenders only to the Frost King. Put Dahlia tubers in the ground when the season becomes warm, covering the neck some three inches. If many shoots start thin them out. After flowering, and before hard frosts, take up the plants, remove the tops, dry the bulbs a little, and put in the cellar until Spring, when they can be divided and replanted. Look at them occasionally to see that they are not shriveling from too dry an atmosphere, nor starting the eye too early in consequence of too much moisture and warmth. The Dahlia is divided into three distinct classes — the ordinary Show Dahlia; the Dwarf or Bedding Dahlia, making a thick, compact bush only eighteen inches in height, but with flowers of full size; and the Pompon or Bouquet, with small, very perfect flowers, only from one to two inches in diameter, while the plant is of nearly the common size. As the Dahlia is a Fall flower, there is no need of planting before the middle of May, or even later. Many varieties can be supplied. Dicentra Spectabilis, or Dielytra (Bleeding Heart). A beautful, hardy border plant, with brilliant, rosy, heart-shaped flowers, hanging in great profusion from a gracefully curved stem. May and June. Eulalia. JAPONICA — A hardy perennial irom Japan, with long narrow leaves striped with green and white, throwing up stalks four to six feet high, terminating with a cluster of flower spikes, on which the individual flowers are arranged ; the flowers are surrounded with long, silky threads, which, when fully ripe, or when placed in a warm room, expand, giving the whole head a most graceful and beautiful appearance, not unlike that of an ostrich feather curled. These dried flowers are valuable as parlor ornaments, as they retain their beauty a long time. JAPONICA ZEBRINA — This is one of the most striking and distinct plants in cul- tivation. Unlike most plants with variegated foliage, the striping or marking is across the leaves instead of longitudinally, the leaves being striped every two or three inches by a band of yellow one-half inch wide. Late in the fall it is covered with flower spikes that resemble ostrich plumes in shape, which, when cut and dried, make handsome ornaments for the house in winter. It is perfectly hardy, and when once planted will increase in beauty from year to year. Should be m every collection. Feverfew (Pyrethrum). Fine, double Aster-like flowers in profusion. Very desirable; white, blush, rose, scarlet and crimson. Forget-me-not (Myosotis). Beautiful and popular small plants ; white, blue and yellow. May to August. Fox Glove (Digitalis). Long bell-shaped flowers, on stems three to four feet high ; white and red ; very showy. July to September. Fraxinella (Dictamnus). A strongly perfumed plant, with pretty spikes of white and reddish purple flowers in June. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 75 Hollyhock. There are very few plants in the world so grand, and yet so perfect and delicate as the Hollyhock. Its flowers are quite as double, and almost as pure and perfect as those of the Camellia, and when we remember that they mass around a column from three to five feet in height, we get some idea of their beauty. Seed sown in the Spring produce plants that will bloom the second Summer. "Plants set oui> in the Spring will flower about midsummer, and for several years if not allowed to bloom too freely the first year. We have excellent, healthy young plants grown from seed, that if planted in the Spring will flower the first Summer, and usually for two or three Summers after. The colors are nicely assorted, so that almost every color, from white to purple, may be expected. Milfoil (Achillea). Low growing plants, with abundant, showy flowers; white and red. June, to Aug. Perennial Larkspur. The Perennial Larkspur, like their relatives, the Annuals, commonly called Lark- spurs, are valuable plants, and in no other way can we get such a grand and con stant display of blue flowers. Formosum is a most brilliant dark blue, by all odds the finest blue flower known among our hardy plants. The Chinese are gen- erally of lighter shades, from lavender to deep blue. Perennial Phlox. The flowers of the Perennial Phlox are immense masses of bloom from the purest white to crimson. They grow to a height of two feet or more and are perfectly hardy. SUMMER AND AUTUMN FLOWERING BULBS, THAT REQUIRE TAKING UP IN THE FALL, AND TO BE KEPT FROM FREEZING Amaryllis. FORMOSISSIMA (Jacobean Lily) — Flowers large, deep red. JOIINSONIA — Dull brick red, with a white star center. Boussingaultia. BASSILOIDES (Madeira Vine) — An old, well-known climber ; a rapid grower, with thick fleshy leaves and white flowers, grand for trailing over a porch, or a window, or in any place where you desire a beautiful green. Gladioius. These are among the most showy and brilliant of all bulbous plants. Nature is nowhere more lavish of her paint than upon the flowers of the Gladiolus. They should be planted out of doors in the Spring — never in the Fall, as the bulbs will not stand freezing. They are, however, excellent for window culture, planted in vases, either singly or in groups. Tigridius. SHELL FLOWER — One of our favorite Summer-flowering bulbs, of the easiest culture, displaying their gorgeous, tulip-like flowers of orange and scarlet, daily from July to October. CONCIIIFLORA— Yellow. PAVONIA— Red. Tuberose. DOUBLE WHITE AND SINGLE — Flowers very fragrant. Stems from three to four feet. Late Autumn. PEARL — Its value over the common variety consists in its flowers being nearly double in size ; imbricated like a rose, and its dwarf habit, growing only eighteen inches to two feet. The fragrance and color same as common sort. Vallotta. PURPUREA — A very beautiful and showy Fall flowering, bulbous rooted plant ; the flowers are borne on stems growing about twelve inches high, and consists of five or six Amaryllis-like flowers of a brilliant Roman purple color. 76 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of FLOWERING BULBS TO BE PLANTED IN THE FALL. The Liliums are extremely hardy, and with few exceptions quite fragrant and most of the varieties are exceed- ingly beautiful. L ILIUM AUUATUM. AURATUM — Gold banded Lily of Japan. CANDIDUM — Common white. CANDIDUM, fl. pi. — Double white flowering. LAN CIFOLIUM ALBUM— White Japan. LANCIFOLIUM ROSEUM — Rose spotted. LANCIFOLIUM RIJBRUM— Red spotted. TIGRINUM, fl. pi. (Double Tiger Lily)— Bright orange scarlet with dark spots. LANCIFOLIUM PUNCTATUM— Pink and white. FENUFOLIUM — One of the earliest flowering Lilies ; foliage slender and flowers brilliant scarlet. This is a little beauty. UMBELLATUM— Vivid orange. Lilium (Lily). Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 7 ? Lily of the Valley. The Lily of the Valley is as hardy as any plant can possibly be, and when planted in the open ground will increase pretty rapidly. For the house we have what are called “ pips,” young roots with flowering stems, that will bloom in a few weeks after planting, and will flower well in baskets of damp moss, or potted. Pips for winter flowering in the house, we can send out in December, as they will not suffer injury from frost. For the garden we can ship either in the Spring or Autumn. Narcissus. GARDEN VARIETIES. Admirably adapted for garden decoration in early Spring, vated ; hardy ; very showy and fragrant. They are easily cult! SINGLE VARIETIES. BILFLORUS — White with yellow cup. NANAS MAJOR. POETICUS — White, with red cup. TRILOBUS. DOUBLE VARIETIES. ALBA PLENO ODORATA— White and fragrant. INCOMPARABLE— Yellow and orange. ORANGE PHCENIX— Orange and lemon. VAN SION (Double Daffodil)— Yellow. Crocus — In various colors. Colchicum Autumnaie. Frittiliaria Imperialis. CROWN IMPERIAL— Very showy plants ; are quite hardy and when the bulbs are once planted they need no further culture. Plant five inches f2ep, one foot apart. AURORA, CROWN ON CROWN, WILLIAM REX. Calanthus. SNOW DROP— This, the earliest of Spring flowering bulbs, is universally ad- mired for its elegant snow-white drooping blossoms. 78 Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue op hyacinths flowering in water and tulips in earth. Hyacinths. Among the bulbs used for Winter flowers, the Hyacinth stands foremost on the list. Twq methods are employed in flowering the Hyacinth in Winter, one in glasses filled with water, the other in pots or boxes of soil. Double and single varieties can be supplied. Jonquils. Pretty varieties of the Narcissus, having a very agreeable fragrance ; adapted to either pots or out-door culture. The bulbs being small, six or eig: jay be put in a six-inch pot. Polyanthus Narcissus. Beautiful early Spring flowers, produced in large clusters of white and yellow. Quite fragrant, making them very valuable as parlor or conservative ornaments. Tulips. Owing to the late Spring frost, bedding plants cannot safely be planted before the early Spring flowering bulbs are through blooming. Without these bulbs, for one or two months of beautiful Spring weather, our gardens would present a bare appearance, We know of nothing that for the amount of money invested will give a more gorgeous show during early Spring, and there is nothing more easily grown than the Tulip. They thrive well in almost any soil. Should be planted during October and November. DOUBLE. EARLY FLOWERING NAMED VARIETIES. SINGLE. EARLY FLOWERING NAMED VARIETIES DUC VAN THOL. Single red, early. DUC VAN TIIOL. Double red. DUC VAN THOL. Single white. DUC VAN THOL. Single yellow. PARROTS’ named varieties. TOL T RNESOL. Orange and red, double, early. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. 79 Coppeefc flames of ppuits. The American Pomological Society very wisely recommends the shortening or ab- breviation of the names now in use amongst the Nurserymen and Fruit-Growers, and, in accordance with this expressed desire, which was unanimously adopted bv the Association of American Nurserymen at their meeting in June, 1889, at Chicago, we now give the names as in use, and the change as recommended by the American Pomological Society. More will follow, from time to time, which will be announced and adopted in subsequent editions of this catalogue. We insert them here that patrons may become acquainted with the change : APPLES. NAME REJECTED. American Golden Pippin American Summer Pearman Carolina Red June Chenango Strawberry Danver’s Winter Sweet Duchess of Oldenburg Hubbardston Nonsuch Jewett’s Fine Red Kentucky Red Streak King of Tompkins County Large Yellow Bougli_ ...... Pyle’s Red Winter. Tewksberry Winter Rlush. Twenty Ounce Apple Early Purple Guignc Empress Eugenic Knight’s Early Black. .... La Versaillaise Smith’s Improved Woodward’s Whitesmith. Hartford Prolific Amsden’s June Cole’s Early Red Early Beatrice Early Louise Early Rivers Harker’s Seedling. Ward’s Late Free Beurre Bose Beurre Clairgeau Beurre d’Anjou Beurre Diel Beurre Giffard Beurre Hardy Beurre Supeffin Doyenne Boussock Doyenne d’Ete Ducliesse d’Angouleme Duchesse do Bordeaux Josephene de Malines Louise Bonne de J ersey Petite Marguerite Vicar of Wakefield CHERRIES. CURRANTS. GOOSEBERRIES. GRAPES. PEACHES. PEARS. NAME ADOPTED. .American Golden . American Summer. .Caroline June. . Chenango. . Danver’s Sweet. . Oldenburg. Hubbardston. .Jewett’s Red. .Kentucky Red. .Tompkins King. Sw T eet Bough. . Pyle’s Winter. .Tewsberry Winter. . Twenty Ounce. .Early Purple. . Eugenie. .Knight’s Early. .Versaillaise. .Smith’s. .Whitesmith. .Hartford. .Amsden. Cole’s Early. Beatrice. Louise. Rivers, Harker. Ward’s Late. Bose. Clairgeau. Anjou. Diel. Giffard. Hardy. Supeffin Boussock. Summer Doyenne Angouleme. Bordeaux. Josephine of Malines, Louise Bonne of Jersey. Margaret. Vicar. Rea’s Seedling Cumberland Triumph Miner’s Great Prolific. President Wilder Wilson’s Albany QUINCES. STRAWBERRIES. Rea. Cumberland. Miner’s Prolific Wilder. Wilson. iustdieix: FRUITS. PAGE Advice to Correspondents 2 Apples 4 “Varieties of Special Merit 8 Apricots Asparagus - Blackberries Cherries Crab Apples. Currants Correct Names of Fruits Dewberry Gooseberries Grapes Improved Dwarf Juneberry 23 34 33 21 10 32 79 27 32 54 27 Mammoth Dewberry Mulberries Nectarines Nuts and Miscellaneous Fruits Pears Peaches “ Additional List Plums Quinces Raspberries Rhubarb - Small Fruits - Strawberries PAGE .. 27 .. 34 .. 22 .. 34 .. 11 .. 15 ... 16 .. 18 ... 23 .. 30 ... 34 ... 28 ... 28 ORNAMENTALS. Azaleas, Hardy Ghent Camellia 60 60 55 Climbing Shrubs 53 Deciduous Shrubs 47 Deciduous Trees 36 Evergreens 45 Evergreen Hedge Plants 72 Evergreen Shrubs 71 General Remarks 35 Hedge Plants 72 Miscellaneous Border and House Plants 73 Ppeonies 72 Rhododendrons. 61 Roses - 62 Weeping Deciduous Trees 43 STECHER LITHOGRAPHIC CO., Lithographers, Printers and Publishers, 336 N St. Paul St., Rochester, N. Y.