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 Clouds of Aristophanes 
 
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APISTOOANOYS NEa)EAAI. 
 
 THE 
 
 CLOUDS OF ARISTOPHANES. 
 
 THE GREEK TEXT 
 
 "WITH 
 
 A TRANSLATION INTO CORRESPONDING METRES, 
 
 AND 
 
 OKIGINAL NOTES. 
 
 lEb j:^-- . (-•: Curl's 
 
 ndvTa Kadapa KaOapois, 
 
 OXFORD: 
 FRANCIS MACPHERSON. 
 
 LONDON: WILLIAM PIOKEEING, 177, PICCADILLY: 
 
 GEOEGE BELL, 186, FLEET STREET. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE : JOHN DEIGHTON. 
 
 MDCCOLII. 
 

 / 
 
 ?A 
 
 A/8 
 
 186:1- 
 
 OXPOBD : 
 PKIHTED BY I„ SHEIMPTON. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 It is a question confessedly diiScult to answer, in what manner and to 
 what extent a translator is bound to conform to the conventional decorum 
 of the age and nation in which he hves : whether he is to omit whatever in 
 the least degree runs counter to those rules by which an author is now hap- 
 pily compelled to abide, a method which would infallibly destroy the whole 
 humour of some of the most fehcitous, and withal the most harmless pas- 
 sages of Greek Comedy and Eoman Satire, or to follow his author even in 
 his wildest extravagances, which would in many cases render his translation 
 unreadable to by far the greater portion of English Society. It has been my 
 endeavour to steer, as far as has been in my power, clear of either extreme : 
 to leave nothing in my translation which can justly offend the classical reader : 
 while at the same time I have not dared entirely to ignore any passage which 
 seemed necessary to the full understanding of the true position of an author, 
 who in spite of these occasional blemishes has been at all times venerated as 
 well as admired, and that too even on moral grounds, by the best and wisest 
 of mankind. Por it must have been something more than the exuberance of 
 wit which overflows every page of these Comedies, something more than that 
 brilliancy of sarcastic humour which no imitator has ever approached, and of 
 which, I sincerely hope and believe, no translation can entirely denude them ; 
 it must have been something beyond all this which has endeared Aristophanes 
 in such a remarkable degree to so very many great and illustrious names, and 
 among them, as is well known, to one of the severest Saints of the Christian 
 Church,, the " Glorious Preacher," St. Chrysostom. It was doubtless the ex- 
 cellence of their moral doctrines, the practical good sense, which, as Gibbon 
 
 a2 
 
IV PEEFACB. 
 
 truly remarks^ is a faculty rarer and more precious than genius, and with which 
 Aristophanes can, when he chooses to speak soberly, treat the great questions 
 of Eehgiou and Pohtics in Athens, and lay bare the causes of decay which 
 were hurrying on that bright EepubHc to internal misery and external ruin. 
 " Men smile," says Mr. Sewell, in his eloquent Introduction to the Dialogues 
 of Plato % " Men smile when they hear the anecdote of one of the most vene- 
 rable fathers of the Church, who never went to bed without Aristophanes 
 under his pillow. But the noble tone of morals, the elevated taste, the sound 
 political wisdom, the boldness and acuteness of the satire, the grand object, 
 which is seen throughout, of correcting the follies of the day, and improving 
 the condition of his country, — all these are features in Aristophanes, which 
 however disguised, as they intentionally are, by coarseness and buffoonery, 
 entitle him to the highest respect from every reader of antiquity. There is as 
 much system in the Comedies of Aristophanes as in the Dialogues of Plato. 
 No one play is without its definite object : and the state of national education 
 as the greatest cause of all [the vitiated condition of the public mind] is laid 
 open in the Clouds. Whatever light is thrown by that admirable play upon 
 the character of Socrates, and the position which he occupies in the Platonic 
 Dialogues, it is chiefly valuable as exhibiting in a short but very complete 
 analysis, and by a number of fine Eembrandt-like strokes, not any of which 
 must be overlooked, all the features of that frightful school of sophistry, 
 which at that time was engaged systematically in corrupting the Athenian 
 youth, and against which the whole battery of Plato was pointedly directed." 
 Moreover it may be observed that the Clouds is far the purest and the most 
 refined of all the productions of the Aristophanic Muse : it was an attempt, 
 as he says himself, to raise Comedy out of a mere coarse and licentious at- 
 (TXpoXoyia^ to a philosophic and elegant entertainment : an attempt which un- 
 fortunately failed, and the result of that failure may be witnessed in most of 
 the poet's later plays : but an attempt carried out with so much taste and 
 
 " P- f ^- trxpokoyla- rots 8i fiaWov fi inovom- Sia- 
 
 Aristotle says that the New Comedy ihioet fi' m", .■■■,nA„ ,„,-, ' 
 
 sucoeeded in a similar attempt. Tols jtiei/ y,y. j;th. Nic. IV. viii. 6. 
 yap (the old Comedians) yeXo'iov rjv 17 al- 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 vigour, that it would undoubtedly have been the most successful work of 
 Aristophanes, had it not been for its one great and indelible blemish, its 
 complete and entire misrepresentation of the character and tendencies of 
 Socratic philosophy. 
 
 And this, it must be confessed, is another objection to the Play, far more 
 formidable than the plea, which we have just considered, of its occasional 
 indelicacy. But even this may be safely disregarded : for it is not difficult to 
 discover the cause of the enmity which Aristophanes entertained towards 
 Socrates : nor is it necessary that the character of either the one or the other 
 should be vilified, (as has too often been done,) to account for it. The spirit 
 of a new intellectual sera was brooding over Athens : from one extremity of 
 the Hellenic world to the other, from the coast of Ionia to the coast of Italy, 
 the movements of philosophy were beginning to make themselves felt. Nor 
 canit be denied that this change was accompanied by a change for the worse 
 in the morals and character of the people : the old faith was breaking up, and 
 no new one was offered to their minds : it cannot be denied that the Athe- 
 nians of the Peloponnesian War had degenerated in generosity, in upright- 
 ness, in Pan-heUenic patriotism from the men of Marathon and Platsea. And 
 doubtless there were at Athens many excellent men who sighed for the in- 
 tegrity, the honour, the moral rectitude of the good old times; who were 
 content to live as their fathers lived, to die as their fathers died : to be no 
 wiser than their ancestors. And this principle though unsound ' is neverthe- 
 less always respectable, and if sometimes a check to beneficial improvement is 
 more frequently a guard against rash and hasty innovation. Such a spirit 
 found an interpreter in Aristophanes : he looked back with regret to the days 
 when the whole education of an Athenian was " to call for his rations and to say 
 his Ehyppapse," as distinguished, as indeed they were, by the superior simplicity, 
 honesty, and temperance of their discipline, and he viewed with disgust and 
 
 " " If all other things fail, men fly to futation of all that can be said : as if this 
 this, that such or such things pleased our were a great mischief that any should be 
 ancestors, and it were well for us if we found wiser than his ancestors." Sir 
 could but match them. They set up their Thomas More, Utopia, (Bp. Burnet's trans- 
 rest on such an answer, as a sufficient con- lation.) 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 apprehension this whole intellectual tendency which appeared to be bringing 
 immorahty and licentiousness in its train. His fault was that he did not 
 discriminate : that he did not discern that the tendency was already taking 
 two directions : that he confounded the efforts of Socrates to go on and build 
 Nv' up a new and better morahty in the place of the old which was now irretriev- 
 ably undermined, with the sophistical school which would overthrow the old 
 without substituting anything in its place : that he did not see that the only 
 way then practicable of resisting the sophistical theories, was the way in which 
 Socrates was attempting to proceed : that he looked upon their disputes as 
 Kepai^euis Kepajxel, and identifying the two systems which were alike merely in 
 their onward tendency and intellectual progress, thought he should be doing 
 God service by acting against the whole. We, with the writings of Plato and 
 , Xenophon in our hands, know that he was wrong : but with his own writings 
 in our hands, that he was honest, who shall dare deny ? 
 
 Still, although the opposition of Aristophanes to the spread of literature on 
 the score of the blow thereby inflicted on the old principles of virtue and of 
 honour, must by no means be carelessly confounded with the willing igno- 
 rance of such cavillers as the Bestius of Persius, (Sat. vi. 37.), and the Jack 
 Cade of Shakespeare's Henry the Sixth {' He hath corrupted the youth of our 
 age by erecting a grammar school,' Part II. Act iv. sc. 7) : and although the 
 idea of his having been incited to this opposition by pecuniary motives, by 
 the bribes of Anytus and Mehtus, is universally surrendered, and can indeed 
 be refuted on chronological considerations "i, in spite of all this, a deep blot 
 must always remain upon the memory of Aristophanes, as having forwarded 
 actually if not intentionally, the foulest deed, save one, that ever disgraced 
 the annals of mankind, the accusation and execution of Socrates. The words 
 
 ■^ Mr. Gilbert Cooper in his learned and called even then a young man ■ veor r.'r 
 
 ingenious Life of Socrates says, '^Han has ^o. ^„,v,^„, ^„j a^.o,., says Socrates, Eu- 
 
 made a most egregious blunder when he thyphron ad init. If therefore he was then 
 
 says that Mehtus was concerned in hiring ^ y^^^g ^^^^ ^^ ..^rtainly must have been 
 
 Aristophanes to compose it : for Melitus, too young to have entered into any plots 
 
 when Socrates was brought to his trial four and twenty years before that tL.' 
 
 (which was three or four and twenty p. 55, note. See also Wigger's Life of 
 
 years after this play was performed) is Socrates, chapter 7, section 3. 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 of the Platonic Apology are too plain to be misunderstood : rrjv avraiixoaCav 
 Sei avayv&vai avr&v. " Scofcparijs abiKel Koi irepiepy&C^ai frjra)i> rd re 
 {mb yrii koL ovpavia, Koi tov ?;rrco \6yov KpfCrTot) ttoi&v, km akX.ovs Tavra 
 ravTa bihiia-K<tiv." Toioirr] t'ls eorf TATTA TAP EilPATE KAI ATTOI 
 EN THI APISTO<E)ANOTS KilMilAIAI, 2(0Kpctr»j riva eKei irepK^epoVe- 
 vov tpdcTKovTO. re aepo^areiv kol aXXr]v noKkqv (f)XvapCav (pXvapovvra, &v eyo) 
 ovbev oiire fxkya ovre (rp,LKpov -nipi ewato). Apol. 19 B. — It is urged that 
 twenty years after its publication a Comedy which was not even then success- 
 ful could not have had so powerful an influence over the Athenian mind : 
 but Plato was a contemporary speaking of what he felt and knew : and his 
 testimony, partial as he was to Aristophanes, must be held fully sufficient to 
 establish the fact. Doubtless Aristophanes regretted the fatal result : doubt- 
 less he would join in the universal repentance which pervaded Athens, and 
 sympathise with those deeply pathetic lines of the Poet whom he uniformly 
 connected with Socrates, addressed to the Athenian audience, 
 
 eKavere, iKavcre Tav Trdva-oCJiQV 
 
 Tav ovdev dXyvvovcrav drjdopa fiovcrdv ^. 
 
 Ye have slain — ye have slain — the wisest in song, 
 
 The Nightingale of Science, who had done you no wrong. 
 
 And it is observed by Meineke that the Poets of the Middle Comedy who at- 
 tacked and wrote against Plato, did it in a much more gentle and kindly 
 spirit than that which animates the Clouds. 
 
 But although an entire misrepresentation of the Socratic philosophy, the 
 picture in the Clouds is a faithful resemblance of what Mr. Mitchell calls " the 
 outer Socrates :" so faithful that as Diogenes Laertius ' observes, Aristophanes 
 is often really praising him, when he thinks he is holding him up to derision. 
 "Without this external likeness the satire could not have had its prodigious 
 effect alike upon the enemies and the friends of Socrates. He himself, con- 
 scious as he was of the internal dissimilarity, was, not improbably, the least 
 
 ' Eurip. Palamedes, ap. Diog. Laert., ttoioI XavddvovcrLv eavrovs, Si &v (XKaTTTov- 
 II. v. 44. cnv, (TraivovvTis avrbv, and he quotes Clouds 
 
 ' Diog. Laert., II. v. 27. 01 Kafiado- 410 sq. 
 
VIH 
 
 PEEFACE. 
 
 moved of the audience. 'iKavbs ^v km t&v aKui-nrovTOiv avrov vnepopav, 
 says liis biographer s, " He could afford even to contemn the scoffs of his 
 assailants." Indeed that Socrates was beheved to have disregarded '.the attack 
 of the Comedian may be gathered with great probability from the well- 
 known anecdote recorded by Julian ^ that he stood up in his place in the 
 Theatre the whole time that the play was being acted : that his followers felt 
 it deeply^ may be concluded with certainty from the frequent allusions to the 
 Cloads in the Dialogues ' which are extant to this day. But their sense of 
 the injustice with which Aristophanes had treated their master, did not for a 
 moment lessen their admiration of his genius'^: Plato sent this very Comedy 
 to Dionysius of Syracuse, as a specimen of the splendour of Athenian litera- 
 
 5 Diog. Laert., II. v. 26. 
 So Plutarch : 'Api.crTO<pavovs Se, on 
 Tas Ne^eXas e^€(f>op€^ nairroltos 7ra(rav 
 v^ptv avTov (against Socrates) Karaa-KeSav- 
 vvvTos, Kai Ttvos Tap irapovTcov, ra rotavra 
 auaK<Ofi(DdovvTos, ovK ayavaKT€7s, elnovTos, 
 Si 2a)Kpur€s ; ^a At*, ovk eyco-ye, etpjjaeVf 
 wff yap iv avjiTroo'La jueyaXo) tw OeaTpca 
 <TKa>7rTopai. HepX naidaiv dyoiyrjs. 
 
 ' See for example the quotation from 
 Apology, 19. B. given above. Add Xeno- 
 phon Symposium vi. 6. tinev 6 2vpaK6- 
 o'ios, Apa av d) Soj/cparef 6 ^povrKTTrjs eVi- 
 KoKovfievos t — ciTTe fiOL nocrovs yj/vWrjs tto- 
 Sof (pov oTrfx". (tlis emendation of Wie- 
 land and Dindorf, \jfi\h.a — iavrris aXXe- 
 rai is too violent : the present reading 
 gives a very good sense), ravra yap 
 o-e 0acrl ytaperpelv. Compare Clouds, 145. 
 — Plato Symposium, 221, B. eneira c/xoiye 
 efioKEi (6 SaKpdTqs), S ' ApL<rT6(paves, to 
 a-ov 8fi (Cf. jEsch. Agam. 550.) toCto, koI 
 6Kf I Siawopfifcrdai, &a-7Tep Kal evddSi, ^pm. 
 dvopei/os Ka\ Ta(f)6a\pa) irapajiaKXav, Com- 
 
 pare Clouds, 356. — Gorgias, 486. Nvv yap, 
 says Callicles, e" ns trov Xafiojievos ^ aXkov 
 OTOvovv Toav Toioirav els to becrpaTqpiov 
 airayayoi, <j>dcrKaiv aSiKdv prjBiv dBiKOvvra, 
 oia-ff oTi OVK &p i'^^ots o,« f iirois, dXka dTTO- 
 Bdvots av (turning Clouds 1060 to his own 
 account).— Plato, Bepublic, Book VI. 488 
 E. Tov i>s dXTjdms Kv^fpvt]TtK.6v (i. e. <pi- 
 \6a-o(fiov) ov)( fjyei hv rm ovTi pfTea>po<Tic6- 
 TTOV re Kai aSoXeo-;^?)^ Kal axprjOTOv Ka- 
 Xc'ia-Oai. Compare Clouds, 312, 356, 1461, 
 etc. But the most affecting allusion is in 
 the Phsedo, where Socrates on the day of 
 his death before commencing his solemn 
 and earnest discourse on the immortality 
 of the soul, and the state into which he 
 was about to enter, says, Ovkovv av oi/uu 
 elneiv Tiva vvv dKova-avra, oi&' fl KafiaSo- 
 TTOior ciij, 0)9 dSoXfcrxS), Ka\ ov nepl npooT)- 
 KovTcov Toiis Xoyovs wotovpai. 
 
 'It was reserved for Voltaire to say 
 that Aristophanes was a Comic Poet with- 
 out anything comic or poetical in him. 
 
PREFACE. ix 
 
 ture : he introduces the poet himself with great good humour in his Sympo- 
 sium : and an epigram of his is still extant, wherein he says, 
 
 At XapiTcs TefievQS Ti Xa^elv onep ov^\ Trecreirat 
 fijToCo-at, ■v/'u;(i7t' eipou ' Apia-TO(pdvovs '. 
 
 To crown all, Olympiodorus (quoted by Brunck) says that Plato e'xatpe irdvv 
 
 KM AplCTTOipavfL rw KCO/^tKM Koi '2(i(f)pOVl, TTOp' WV Koi TT]V p.lp.r\(nv T&V TTpO- 
 
 <Ta)TTa>v ev tols StaXoyoij axpeXridr]. Aeyerat be ovrats avTols yaip€iv, aSore 
 Kot fjviKa eTiXevT-qcrev, evpedrjvai ev rrj nkCin] avTOv ' ApicrTO(j)Avr]v Koi 2ii>- 
 (jjpova. I think then that notwithstanding its occasional indelicacy and its 
 uniform misrepresentation of the Socratic system, a play which heathen sages 
 and Christian saints have read with admiration, and love, and almost reverence, 
 may well be presented to the English reader in its full, complete, and undi- 
 luted entirety, and that thqjr who view it as it should be viewed will agree 
 with Person that " there is no man of sound judgment who would not sooner 
 let his son read Aristophanes than Congreve or Vaubrugh." 
 
 The drama of the Clouds was represented in the Archonship of Isarchus 
 B.C. 423, when Socrates was about forty-five years old. It gained only 
 the third- prize : the first was carried off by the aged Cratinus with a drama 
 called the IlvTLvri or Plagon, which was a humorous adaptation of the attack 
 made upon him in the preceding year by Aristophanes in his Equites, on the 
 score of his ultra-convivial habits : Ameipsias with his Kovvos won the second. 
 Whether, as is said in the didascalia, the defeat of the poet was owing to the 
 machinations of Alcibiades and other friends of Socrates, cannot be determined 
 with certainty, but what we know of the character of Alcibiades renders it at 
 least extremely probable. Disappointed, but not daunted, at the reception 
 given to this his favourite production, Aristophanes re-formed it anew : the 
 portions especially pointed out by the ancient grammarians as belonging to 
 the Second Edition are the Parabasis Proper, the Discussion between the Two 
 Logics, and the burning of the school of Socrates. The same authorities 
 state that it was brought forward again in this condition, and received a more 
 signal defeat (aTroT-uxwi^ ttoXv pLaXXov) : but Dindorf contends, and makes 
 
 ' Bergk. Plat. Epigram. 26. 
 b 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 out a tolerable case to shew, that this Second Edition was never brought on 
 the stage. 
 
 In my translation of this celebrated Comedy, I have endeavoured to keep 
 more closely to the original, both in the text and in the metre, tlian has been 
 done in any preceding version ™. That in some places I have done so more 
 strictly than in others, is attributable to the fact that I did not determine to 
 publish the Greek text along with the translation, until I had made consider- 
 able progress in the latter, and that determination forbade any further such 
 alterations in the metre, as I had made (e. g.) in the speech of the Chorus, 
 14(40 etc. As to the degree in which verbal and metrical conformity is ad- 
 visable, I agree on the whole with the judicious remarks of Mr. Conington 
 in the preface to his late able version of tlie Agamemnon : that mine is not 
 quite so literal as his, may be ascribed to the fact, that the familiar colloquies 
 and lively repartees of a Comic Poet do not admit of being rendered, word 
 for word, into a foreign language, as do the solemn and dignified iambics of 
 Greek Tragedy : the cpaintness inseparable from a scrupulously literal version 
 serves to adorn the latter, as much as it would spoil and render unmeaning 
 the former. 
 
 The text I have followed is that of Dindorf, with a few inconsiderable ex- 
 ceptions, chiefly consisting in restorations of the older text, where alterations 
 of his own, of which I could not approve, have been introduced into the later 
 editions of his Aristophanes. 
 
 With regard to the notes, such remarks as I have quoted from previous 
 Commentators where they seemed necessary for the right understanding of 
 the play, are always scrupulously ascribed to their proper owners, and the re- 
 ferences contained in them have been carefully verified ; the same is the case 
 when I have brought quotations from authorities, who either from their more 
 
 " The only translations of whose existence view, but is, I grieve to say, sadly deficient 
 
 I was aware when I wrote my own were in that elegance and refinement, which 
 
 those of Mr. Cumberland and Mr. Wheel- distinguishes the wUdest flio-hts of him in 
 
 Wright : Mr. Walsh's, which I had not seen whom, as Plato says, the Graces combined 
 
 till mine was completed, in some respects to rear their everlasting temple, 
 more nearly approaches the object I had in 
 
PEEFACE. XI 
 
 recent publication, or for other reasons, will not be found alladed to in former 
 editions of the Clouds : but the bulk are strictly original, and will, I hope, be 
 found useful, especially to such as come to the study of Aristophanes with the 
 feelings with which Persius and all true judges have ever regarded him, not 
 as a mere brilliant but unprincipled caviller at things profane and things 
 sacred alike, but as a pragrandis senex, a man who threw his whole weight 
 into the scale of honour, and morality, and virtue, and who although in the 
 present instance mistaken, completely and irreparably mistaken, in the object 
 of his Satire, is yet worthy of all praise for the high ground and lofty princi- 
 ples on which he took his stand, to oppose the pernicious and most danger- 
 ous doctrines of the Sophistical school, which he unfortunately confounded 
 with that of Socrates. 
 
 Oxford, Nov. 15, 1851. 
 
 The following specimens may serve to shew the manner in which Plato 
 was assailed by the poets of the Middle Comedy. Aristophon, in a comedy 
 which was called by the name of that philosopher, writes : 
 (A), iv rjnepais Tplcnv 
 'layyoTcpov avTov a:ro(^ai/w ^LXiinrldov. 
 
 (B). OvTcos iv fifiepais SXiyats v^Kpovs iroieis ; (Athenseus xii. chap. 77). 
 
 (1.) Recte Meinekius : Priora Platonis verba sunt de discipulo nwitio. (2.) ^ilm- 
 nidrjs erat homunculus quidam ob gracilitatem notus, qua de re multa Comicorum loca 
 congessit Atlienaeus. (3.) iv {jpipms oKlyais. Concinnius fuisset iv oXiyats f]p.epats. 
 
 The nest fragment is from Epicrates. The second speaker has apparently 
 just returned from A.thens, and is being questioned by a friend as to what he 
 had seen and heard in that city. As I am not aware that the passage has 
 ever been translated, I ofifer the following version of it. 
 
 (A) What does Plato pursue 1 what does Menedeme do 1 
 What wondrous device has Speusippus in view 1 
 Have they found, have they caught, any truth, any thought, 
 Any subtle design in their brains to be wrought ? 
 
 I command you, I pray, I beseech you obey, 5 
 
 b2 
 
XU PREFACE. 
 
 And tell me : that is, if you're able to say. 
 (B) yes, I can tell the tale very well. 
 
 For when I was by at our festival high 
 
 A troop of these youngsters I chanced to descry, 
 
 Wrapt deep in some theme, in the fair Academe ; 1*^ 
 
 And their language I heard, most strange and absurd ; 
 
 They were testing, I saw, some Physical law ; 
 
 So it was ; for they tried the world to divide, 
 
 Into beasts, into trees, into pot-herbs beside ; 
 
 And then they must see in which of the three 15 
 
 That wonderful thing called a Pumpkin would be. 
 
 (A) what'did their wit decide upon it ? 
 
 tell me what passed ; in what genus 'twas classed ; 
 And what they agreed to define it at last. 
 
 (B) O first they said nought, but in diligent thought, 20 
 As they stood in a row, stooping down very low, 
 
 To fix their attention they strove and they sought ; 
 
 And in study profound they bent to the ground. 
 
 Till one of them deemed the solution was found. 
 
 And lifting his head, ^Tis a pot-herb, he said ; 25 
 
 But another I heard say, 'Tis grass ; and a third, 
 
 It seemeth to me that a pumpkin'' s a tree. 
 
 At this answer profound one who stood on the ground, 
 
 A doctor from Sicily, slowly turned round, 
 
 And with gestures unclean did an action obscene, 30 
 
 In contempt of the fools, and their rules, and their schools. 
 
 (A) surely their ire at the insult took fire. 
 
 And their spirits blazed out with a cry and a shout ! 
 
 Sure, sure, it was wrong, and impudent too. 
 
 Such sages among, such a deed for to do. 35 
 
 (B) but They did not heed, those youngsters, the deed. 
 For Plato was there, and with a mild air 
 
 Nothing angry or nettled he bade them proceed. 
 
 Taking up the same line, to divide, to define ; 
 
 So he bade them, and They divided away, 40 
 
 And for aught that I know they are there to this day. 
 9. These youngsters.] TON ^e.pa^.'o,,,. Porsoni emendationem, utpote metxo et 
 sensui necessariam, latus recepi, quam Aug. Meinekium et Gul. Dindorfium reje- 
 cisse miror : r&v ^eipaKlco^ nihil aliud est quam "juvenum istorum qui Platonem et 
 CEEteros audiebant." 
 
 280 
 
 For other passages see Meineke's Historia Critica Comcediie Grscse, p. 
 
YnoeE^IS eOMA toy MAnSTPOY. 
 
 AvvTos Kal Me\r)To<; ^w/cpaTei, rm ^aicj)poviaKov ^acrKijvavTes Koi avTOV 
 {avTol ?) fiT) Suvdfievoi ^d-\^ai, dpjvpiov Ixavov 'Api,crro<j)dve(, BeScoKacnv, 
 cva Bpafia Kai' avrov crvaTija-rjrai,. Kal os ireia-deh jipovrd Twa ^rpe- 
 \lr1dB7jv KaXovfievov eTrXdaaro iiiro 'xpemv •jrie^ofievov, a hr) dvTjXcoKei, irepX 
 TTjv rod 7raiSo9 * ^eiSnnriSov iirirorpofj^iav. ovtco Be tovtwv i'X^ovraiv, fir) 
 k'^av o ^rpeyjndBrjs T^ TToiriaei irepl rd XP^^' ^ovXeveTai •jrpoaaya'yeXv rS 
 ^coKparei rbv eavrov TraiBa, "va irap avrov top clBikov fiddrj Xoyov, Kal 
 oiiToa roils Baveierrds diroKpovarfraL. ^ecBnr'TrlBT]'; fiev ovv, TroXXa BerjOiv- 
 T09 rov irarpos, TrpoaeXdeiv ovk iireladr]. dTrorv^wv Be 6 irpealBvr'qs rrjs 
 
 ieiSiTnrlSov. SiJTem with, great in- 
 genuity and some plausibility attempts 
 to prove that under this name Alcibiades 
 is represented. In proof of this he urges, 
 not merely the general resemblance of the 
 two characters, and the known relation in 
 which Alcibiades stood to Socrates, but 
 also the manner in which each was con- 
 nected by the mother's side with the great 
 house of the Alcmseonidse, and the rpav- 
 Xicr/:ios of Phidippides in Clouds, 863, com- 
 pared with that ascribed to Alcibiades, in 
 Vespae, 44 — 46. For the love of horses at- 
 tributed by Siivem to Alcibiades, see the 
 charge of Nicias in Thucydides, vi. 12. 
 onas Baviiaadfi airb ttjs ijTwoTpoCJilas ; 
 the reply of Alcibiades, Id. vi. 16; and 
 the splendid description of the Olympic 
 races in which, according to Thucydides, 
 he won the first, second, and fourth prizes 
 with his four-horse chariots, (cf. Clouds 
 1389,) given by Mr. Grote, Part II. chap. 
 
 Iv. Siivern's theory would also make the 
 acrircp IlepiKXerjs, fls to Se'oj/ diraXca-a 
 (850, see note there) come with double 
 force, and would shew stiU stronger mo- 
 tives for that interference of Alcibiades, 
 of which another grammarian speaks, to 
 wrest the prize from Aristophanes. Still 
 no reason can be given why the poet 
 should not have satirized him under his 
 own name. The legend of his vengeance 
 upon Eupolis for his satire in the Baptse, 
 is refuted by Eratosthenes (see Cicero 
 EpistolsB ad Atticum VI. i. 18), and in- 
 deed was not pretended to have taken 
 place until eight years after the represen- 
 tation of the Clouds. Nor is it enough to 
 urge that there would have been as much 
 difiiculty in getting an actor to personate 
 Alcibiades, as there was for Oleon the year 
 before, for the poet's great victory then, 
 and the (as yet) minor influence of Alci- 
 biades, would have given reason for cou- 
 
14 
 
 eV eKelvov e'XTrtSo? ical ovk e~j(wv oaris Kal 'yev't}Tai, ets" Bevrepov eiSe 
 ttXovv. ovSep jap r?)? riXiKM'i <ppovTi<Ta<; ouS' €v6v/J,rjdels et riaiv aroiros 
 So^ei-ev avrjp " eTvl jripaos ovSw" fiavdaveiv Kaddirep KOfii.Si] veo<; apxo/^evos, 
 aXX' els ev a<^ewpaKcb<i fiovov eKelvo, iav apa olos re jev7]rai, Toijs Savei- 
 aras Sm ireiOovs aTroa-Teprjaai, to, 'x^prjfj.aTa, auros Trpoaeicri Tm^aKparet. 
 OVK exo>v Se inrrjperovvTa rfj voijaei, rov vovv, aXka toiovto<; wv ols ifiav- 
 Oavev, olos Kal irplv t?j? ■jraiSeia'; icf)ri^0ai,, avrbs fiev aire'yvco iraiheveaOat, 
 TrpocreXdoiv Se t& TraiSl Kal avOis nroXkals Tre-rrei.Ke rals herjaeaiv eva twv 
 2a)KpdT0v<; 6/iiiX7]Ta>v yevea-dac 6 Be Kal jeyove Kal /jiefiddrjKe. crvvima- 
 rai Be to Bpdfjba Ik xopo^ Necj^eXSiv. eyei Be KaTrjjopiav tov ^ooKparovs, 
 oTi, Toiis avvriOeis Oeovs d^eU Kaiv^ evofii^e Bai/jLovca, 'Aepa Kal Ne(f)e\as 
 Kal TO, ToiavTa. 
 
 rage, while on the other hand if he could 
 have found means to retaliate, he would 
 no douht have done so with as much pas- 
 sion on an underhand, as on an open at- 
 tempt to caricature him. Indeed the 
 fact that the greater part of the play 
 turns on the poverty and clownish igno- 
 rance of the father of Phidippides, seems 
 to forbid the supposition that he was ex- 
 pressly intended to personate Aloibiades ; 
 the truth seems to be that he was meant 
 to be the representative of the modern 
 spirit generally, and in framing that repre- 
 sentation many traits were taken from that 
 distinguished young man, who was already 
 rising so rapidly into public notice. And 
 
 this is probably all that Siivern intended 
 to suggest. 
 
 els ^€VTef)ov ttXovv. ^evrepos ttXovs 
 Xi-y^Tai, ore d7T0TV)^(iiv Tis ovpiov Kanats 
 nXeTj, Kara Uavaaviav. Eustathius. And 
 hence it is applied to a man who having 
 missed his object in the first attempt, tries 
 to attain it by other means. Plato uses the 
 phrase in this same signification, Phsedo, 
 99 C, when he says that having been dis- 
 appointed in his investigations into the 
 physical philosophy of Anaxagoras, he 
 takes up as a Sevrepos ttXcCs another sys- 
 tem, and other objects. And the Scholiast 
 to Plato adds that it appears in the same 
 sense in Aristotle and Menander. 
 
15 
 
 AAAfiS. 
 
 $atrt rov ApicrrocfidvTjv jpdtjrai. rd^ NecpeXas dvayKaadevra viro 
 AvvTov Kai MeXtjTov, "va hiacjKk-^awTO iroioL tive'i eJev ^ ABrjvaloc Kara 
 "SiWKpaTOVi aKovovres, rjvKa^ovvTO jdp, on ttoWou? e^X^^ epaard'i, koX 
 fiaXoaTa tovs irepl AXKi^idSTjv, o'l koX em, rov Spd/^aTOs tovtov fx,T]Se 
 viKrjaat eTvoirjaav rbv iroirjTrjv. 6 Be TrpoXoyos eari tmv Ne^eXwv dp/jio- 
 BicoTara koI Be^icorara crv^Kelfievos. irpeaj^VTrjs ydp eanv dypoiKos 
 a^dofievos "Traihu dariKov (fipovij/u^aros yefiovTO Kai rrj<; evyeveias eis 
 TrdXvTeXeiav dirdXeXavKOTi,. r) jdp tmv ' AXKpLataiViScbv oiKia, o9ev rjv 
 TO TTpos fi7)Tpos je'vos 6 fieipaKLCTKOs, e^ dpxfjs, &s (pTjaov 'HpoSoros", red- 
 pi,'mroTpo<f)o<; rjv, koI TroXXas dvr)p7]/jiei'7] viKas, rds fxev OXvixinaai, ras 
 Be HvOol, evias Be 'Icrdfioi koL Nefika kol iv dWois djucnv. evBoKi- 
 fjLOvaav ovv opcov 6 veavlaKos direKKive vpos to y0os twv -rrpos /jLTjTpoi 
 Trpoyovcov. 
 
 At irpcoTai Ne(j)eXai ev daTei eBiBd')(6f}0'av eirl dp^ovTos 'ladp^ov, ore 
 KpaTlvo's fiev ivUa IIvTivr), ^Ap,eL-<^ias Be K6vvu>. Bioirep 'ApiaT0(j)dv'rjs 
 Biappicjidels TrapaXoycos u'tjOrj Beiv dvaBiBd^ag Tas BevTepas d'7rofie/j,(j}e<T6ai, 
 TO BeaTpov. aTTOTvydiv Be ttoXv fidXXov ^ Kai ev toIs eireira ovKeTi ttjv 
 BiacTKevrjv elariyayev. al Be Beurepai NecjieXai eTrl 'A/Jietvlov dp^ovTos. 
 
 TovTO TavTov eaTL Tm irpoTepm. Biea-KevaaTai Be eirl jjuepovs ms dv Brj 
 dvaBlBd^ai, jiev avTO tov ttoitjtov TrpodvixrjOevros, ovKert Be tovto Be rjv 
 TTOTe alTiav •jroirjaavro'i. KadoXov fxev ovv a-^eBbv irapd Trdv fxepos 7676- 
 vrjfievT] Bo6p6aicns. Ta fj-ev ydp irepbrjprjTai,, rd Be TreirXeKTai, Kai ev t^ 
 Ta^eu Koi ev Trj tuv TrpoacoTrtov Bi.aXXayfj /xeTea-xv/J'dTiarai.. d Be 6X0- 
 a^eprj ttjs BiacrKevr/s ToiavTa ovTa TeTv^V^^^v , avTiKa fj Trapdj3aai<; tov 
 
 a See Hdt. vi. 125. The phrase oIkIti success of his following Comedies, the 
 
 Tedpt7r7r6Tpocf>os occurs in vi. 35, of the Wasps (?), the Peace, the Birds, &c., dis- 
 
 family to which Miltiades belonged. pirited him from making the attempt to 
 
 '' This may only mean that the bad redress his first failure. 
 
16 
 
 Xopov rjiieiirrai, km ottov 6 8iKaio<; Xoyos rrpos rov ciBiKov XaXet, Kai 
 reXevToiov o'ttov Kaierai rj Starpi^T] ScoKpdTOV<i. 
 
 Trjv [lev Koyfjuahlav Ka6rJK6 Kara ^(OKparovs, ws Totavra vofMi^ovTOs, Kal 
 NecpeXas Kal ^Aepa Kai tl yap aXX rj ^evovs €ladyovTO<; Sai/u,ovas. %opo3 
 Se 6'x^p'ijaaTo N€(peXa)v Trpbs rrjv tov dvSpos KaTTjyopiav, Kal Sid rovro 
 ovTcos eTreypdcpT). Birral Be (f)epovrab N€<peXai,. oi Be KaTrjyopijaavTes 
 ^coKpaTovs MeXrjTOi Kal " Avvtos. 
 
N E O E A A I. 
 
 TA TOT JPAMATOS nPOSnUA. 
 
 2TPE*IAAHS. 
 *EIAinniAH2. 
 eEPAnON 2TPE*IAA0Y. 
 MAeHTAI 2i2KPATOYS. 
 SQKPATHS. 
 X0F02 NE*EAQN. 
 AIKAI02 AOrOS. 
 AAIK02 A0r02. 
 riASIAS, davetcrrrjs. 
 AMYNIA2, SaveicTT^s. 
 MAPTY2. 
 XAIPE*J2N. 
 
NE a>B AAI. 
 
 JT. 'lOT lov- 
 
 u) Zev /SaaiXev, to XPV/J'^ "^^^ vvkt&v oaov 
 
 airepuvTOV. ovSeirod'' fji^epa yev^jaeTM ; 
 
 Koi firjv TToXai 7' aXeKTpv6vo<s r)KOva iyof 
 
 01 B' oMerai, pe^KOvaw aW' ovk av Trpb rov. 5 
 
 cLTToXoio BrjT, 0) "TToXe/j-e, ttoXKmv ovveKa, 
 
 6t ovBe KoKacr e^ecrri /moi tov<; olKera';. 
 
 cMC ou8' o "x^prjcrTb^ oiiToal veavlat 
 
 iyeipeTat t?}? vvkto';, aX\a irkpBeTai 
 
 iv irevTe cnavpai<; eyKeKopSvXrjfievo';. 10 
 
 aXA-' el SoKel, piyKW/iev iyKeKaXvfijjbevoL. 
 
 aXX 0x1 hvpafiai heiKaio^ eiiSeiv Saicvofievo^ 
 
 VTTO Trj<: BairdvTj'i Koi rij? <f)dTVT]<; kul tmv ■)(pea)v, 
 
 Bia TOVTOvl Tov vlov. 6 Be KOfirjv e')(cov 
 
 i-TTTrd^eTai re Koi ^woopoKeveTai 15 
 
 oveipoTToXei & 'lirwov^' eyu> B' diroWv/xai, 
 
 6p5)V ayovaav Trjv creXrivrfl) eiKaBa^' 
 
 ol yap TOKot ^((apova-bv. aine, Tral, Xv)(yov, 
 
 The play opens with a representation of customary in eastern countries, (to wm8ia 
 the interior of the house of Strepsiades : fiov /icT ifioi els ttjv Koir-qv elaiv, St. Luke 
 the male part of the household, as was xi. 7,) are all sleeping in one room, each 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 Steepsiades. DEAR ! dear ! 
 
 O Lord ! Zeus ! these nights, how long they are. 
 Will they ne'er pass ? will the day never come ? 
 Surely I heard the cock crow, hours ago. 
 Yet stiU my servants snore. These are new customs. 
 'ware of war for many various reasons ; 
 One fears in war even to flog his servants. 
 And here's this hopeful son of mine wrapped up 
 Snoring and sweating under iive thick blankets. 
 Come, we'll wrap up and snore in opposition. 
 
 {Tries to sleep,) 
 
 But I can't sleep a wink, devoured and bitten 
 By ticks, and bug-bears, duns, and race-horses. 
 All through this son of mine. He curls his hair. 
 And sports his thorough-breds, and drives his tandem ; 
 Even in dreams he rides : while I — I'm ruined 
 Now that the Moon has reached her twentieths. 
 And paying time comes on. Boy ! light a candle. 
 
 on his own mattress. The okeKrpocjyavla,. not fast enough for the impatient agita- 
 or third watch of the night, having passed, tion of Strepsiades, whose thoughts have 
 the dawn must be fast drawing on ; but kept him awake the whole night long. 
 
4 NE^EAAI. 
 
 KdK(f)epe TO jpafifJ-arelov, 'Cv ava'yvSi Xa^cbv 
 
 OTTOcoi'i 6(j}ei'\(o Kol Xoyiacofiai T01/9 t6kov<s. 20 
 
 <pep thco, TL 6(j>ei\a) ; BdoSeKa fjiva.'i JJaaia. 
 
 Tov Sa>SeKa jJivm Ilaaia ; ri e-xp-qadii,7]V ; 
 
 or iTrpidfiriv tov KOTnraTMV. otfioi ToXa'i, 
 
 e'lff i^eicoTrriv irpoTepov tov ocpOaXfibv \iucp. 
 4>E. ^IXcov, aStKelr eXavve tov aavTov Sp6/j,ov. 25 
 
 ST. TOVT eari, tovtI to kukov 6 fi aTroXdiXeKev 
 
 ovetpoTToXel yap koX KaOevScov iTTTTtKrjv. 
 ^E. TToaov; Bpojxov; ika to, 'TroXe/jLicTTrjpia ; 
 ST. e'/xe p,ev <tv ttoXXou? to^ traTep i\avv€i<; Spofiovi. 
 
 arap "tL xpeo? e/3a." p.e p-eTO, tov Uaaiav ; 30 
 
 Tpei<; fxvat SicppiaKOV Koi Tpo-yolv ^Afivvia. 
 ^E. airwye tov lttttov i^a\.i(ra<; o'iKaSe. 
 SIT. ol)OC, & fiefC, e^rjXiKa'i ifii y i/c ribv ijjbSyv, 
 
 ore Kol S/ko.? axpXrjKa ^(aTepoi tokov 
 
 ive'^vpdaeadai <f)a(Tiv. 35 
 
 <^E. irehv, co Trarep, 
 
 TL hvcnco\aiveL<i Kal arpecjiei ttjv vvj(9^ oK'qv ; 
 ST. SaKvei fie Bijfiap')(p<; tk eK rcbv (rTpat/jLaTcov. 
 ^E. eaaov, w 8ai,p,6v(,e, KaTaSap6elv tI fie. 
 ST. av 8' ovv KciOevhe rd he %pea tuvt taO' otl 
 
 e? T7]v KetpdXrjv airavTa Trjv ar)v Tpe^lreTai. 40 
 
 ^ev. 
 
 eW wcjjeX' rj irpofivrjcrTpi aTToXicrBM Kaicw, 
 
 23. KOTriraTiai/.J A horse which had the manner in which the hacking out of his 
 letter koppa burnt as a mark on the own eye would have prevented Strepsiades 
 shoulder. This mark implied that the from buying the horse : and therefore they 
 horse came from the excellent studs of would read i^eKoTnj ; nam si oculus equi 
 Corinth, where the breed was traced back antea excussus fuisset, noluisset eum emi 
 by the register books to Pegasus. Passow, Phidippides. (Hermann.) This is hyper- 
 quoted by Mitchell. Several of the com- criticism. Strepsiades only means, I would 
 mentators, Kuster, Duker, Hermann, and sooner have lost an eye, than lost all this 
 Dindorf, are in great pei'plexity as to the money in horse-dealing. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 5 
 
 And fetch my ledger : now I'll reckon up 
 Who are my creditors, and what I owe them. 
 Come, let me see then. Eifty pounds to Pasias ! 
 Why fifty pounds to Pasias ? what were they for ? 
 0, for the hack from Corinth. dear ! dear ! 
 I wish my eye had been hacked out before — 
 
 PhEIDIPPIDES. {In his sleep.) 
 
 You are cheating, Philon ; keep to your own side. 
 Streps. Ah ! there it is ! that's what has ruined me ! 
 Why, in his very sleep he thinks of horses. 
 
 iHEID. {In his sleep.) 
 
 How many heats do the war-chariots run ? 
 Streps. A pretty many heats you have run your father. 
 Now then^ what debt assails me after Pasias ? 
 A curricle and wheels. Twelve pounds. Amynias. 
 
 PhEID. (In Ms sleep.) 
 
 Here, give the horse a roll, and take him home. 
 Streps. You have rolled me owt of house and home, my boy. 
 
 Cast in some suits already, while some swear 
 
 They will distrain for payment. Pheid. Good, my father, 
 
 What makes you toss so restless all night long? 
 Streps. There's a bumbailiff from the mattress bites me. 
 Pheid. Come now, I prithee, let me sleep in peace. 
 Streps. Well then, you sleep : only be sure of this. 
 
 These debts will fall on your own head at last. 
 
 Alas, alas ! Por ever cursed be that same matchmaker,^ 
 
 30. TL xpeo's e/3a jiie.J The Scholiast Economy of Athens. It is enough for our 
 
 quotes Euripides, n xp^os '^Pa SSjaa, en- present purpose to remark that they were 
 
 rolled among Dindorf s Incert. fab. fragm. tlie officers who distrained for payment of 
 
 ] 94. debts : cxpi)" t-oi^s Srjfiapxovs iv^xvpia^eiv 
 
 37. br]fiapxos.] The Scholiast has a i"ois ayviiixovas rSav xp^<^o-Ti>v. The word 
 
 long note here on the nature and fune- is here used Tmpa TipocrdoKiau, ftfr Kopis, or 
 
 tions of these officers, from which Boeckh ^vXKa. 
 derives the account he gives in his Public 
 
6 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ^Ti? fj,e <^rjfjL imipe rrjV crrjv /j.rjTepa- 
 
 i/Mol jap rjv dypoiKO-; fjhiGTO^ ^m, 
 
 evpcoTOMV, aK6pT]ro<;, eUrj Kelfievo'i, 
 
 jSpvmv /ieXtTTat? kol •jrpo^a.Toi'i km areficpiiXoii. 45 
 
 eireiT e-ynfia Meya/cXeov^ rod MeyaKXeov'i 
 
 aSe\(j)i-Sfiv dypoiKo^ wv i^ darew;, 
 
 a-efivrjV, jpvcpaicrav, ijKeKoi.crvpcof^evTjv. 
 
 TavT7]v or ijufiow, (TvyKaTeK\ovo/u,T]v ejco 
 
 o^mv Tpvyb'i, rpacrta?, iplaiv Trepiovaia^, 50 
 
 57 S av fivpov, KpoKov, KaTorfKcorTiaixarcav, 
 
 haTrdvT)';, \a(pvyfiov, Ka)XidSo<;, FevervWiBo^. 
 
 ov firjv ipS) y ct)? dpyoi rjv, aXX' iairdda. 
 
 iyco S' dv avrfi Oolfidriov heiKvv'i ToSt 
 
 Tj-pocpaa-tv etpacTKOv, w yvvai, Xiav airaOa^. 55 
 
 0E. ekaLov rj/nip ovK evecrr iv r& Xvyycp. 
 ST. olfJLOi' ri yap fioi rov ttottjv fjine^ \v-)(yov ; 
 
 Bevp' eX,d\ 'Iva KXdy^. ©E. 8ta rt Srjra KXavaofiat ; 
 ST. on TU)V TraxeioiV eveTideK 6pvaWlSa>v. 
 
 nerd Tav6', oTrw; vwv iyeveO' vlos oiirocrl, 60 
 
 ifioi re Sr] Kal jfj yvvawl rdyaOfi, 
 
 irepl TovvofiaTo^ Srj 'vTevdev iXoiSopovfieda' 
 
 rj /u.ev yap 'Lirizov TrpoaeTidei Trpo? Tovvofia, 
 
 HdvOi'TTTTov fj XdpnrTTov rj KaXXiinriBrjv, 
 
 45. (TTcii(j)v\ois,] I have translated in marriage to Pisistratus, (Hdt. I. 60,) in 
 
 this word ' raisins :' and this would be order to unite the two factions. Indeed 
 
 correct were the scene not at Athens, but it seems to have been hereditary in the 
 
 there it was confined to 'dried olives:' family. The 6 Koiavpas of Ach. 614, is 
 
 <TTfix(j)v\a, 01 TroXXoi, to tS)v ^orpvav /xeTa called by the Scholiast, Megacles. This 
 
 TO cKTnecrdijvai- oi 8c 'AttikoI, orc/i^uXa, soliloquy is a humorous illustration of the 
 
 TO Tav eXaic. Thomas Magister, quoted truth of the advice of Pittacus, who when 
 
 by Brunck. asked by a friend from Atarneus to recom- 
 
 48. iyKeKoia-vpaifj.evrit'.] Ceesyra was the mend him which to choose, an aristocratic 
 
 mime of the daughter whom Megacles gave alliance or one in his own station, shewed 
 
THE CLOUDS. 7 
 
 Who stirred me up to marry your poor mother. 
 
 Mine in the country was the pleasantest life ; 
 
 I was so rough, unpohshed, independant ; 
 
 Pull of my sheep, and honey-bees, and raisins. 
 
 Ah ! then I married — I a rustic — her 
 
 A fine town-lady, niece of Megacles. 
 
 A regular, proud, luxurious, Ceesyra. 
 
 This wife I married, and we came together, 
 
 I rank with cheese-racks, wine-lees, dripping wool ; 
 
 She all with scents, and saffron, and tongue-kissings, 
 
 Feasting, expense, and lordly modes of loving. 
 
 She was not idle though, she was too fast. 
 
 I told her once, shewing my only cloak. 
 
 Threadbare and worn ; Wife, you're too fast by half. 
 Servant-boy. Here's no more oil remaining in the lamp. 
 Steeps. O me ! what made you light the tippling lamp ? 
 
 Come and be whipped. Seev. Why, what would you whip me for ? 
 Steeps. Why did you put one of those thick wicks in ? 
 
 Well, when at last to me and my good woman 
 
 This hopeful son was born, our sou and heir. 
 
 Why then we took to wrangle on the name. 
 
 She was for giving him some knightly name, 
 
 Callippides, Xanthippus, or Charippus : 
 
 him some boys whipping their tops, and then (says Callimaohus) 
 
 TlXiiiTiov' ol S' ^K^yov Trjy Kara ffavrhv eXa. (Diog. Laert. vit. Pittacus. ) 
 Compare ^schylus. Prom. Vinct. 890, oveja con su pareda : ' every sheep to its 
 TO Krjhivirai Kad' eavTov d/Dnrreuft jiaKpm- yoke-fellow :' and the powerful lines of 
 the Spanish proverb in Don Quixote, Cada Juvenal, vi. 167 — 71. 
 
 Male Venusinam, quam te, Cornelia mater 
 
 Gracchorum, si cum magnis virtutibus aifers 
 
 Grande supercilium, et numeras in dote triumphos. 
 
 ToUe tuum, precor, Hannibalem victumque Syphacem 
 
 In castris, et cum tota Cartbagine migra. 
 
NE^EAAI. 
 
 65 
 
 iyo) Se Tov ■kclttvov 'ti66/j,7jv ^eihoiv Lhrjv. 
 
 T6Q)9 iJi,ev ovv iKpwofjieO'' eha tw XP°^V 
 
 KOivfi ^vve^rifiev KaOifieOa ^eiSl-TnTiBrjv. 
 
 TOVTOV TOV vlov \a/j,/3dvova' eKopi^eTO, 
 
 orav (TV /u,e<ya<; o)v apfi eKavvri<; tt/jo? -koKlv, 
 
 mairep MeyaKXet]!;, ^va-TiS' ex^iv. iyo) S' e4>r]v, 70 
 
 orav jxev ovv ra.'i al'ya<; eic tov 0eWea><;, 
 
 aairep 6 iraTrjp crov, Si<pOepav ivijfifj,evo<;. 
 
 dW' OVK eTTideTO Tol'i i^OK ovSev X6701?, 
 
 aW' m-n-epov jJ-ov KaTexeev tov ^pT^/iarwi'. 
 
 VVV ovv 0KTf]V TrjV VVKTa (ppovTL^av, 600V 7o 
 
 fiMV evpov aTpairbv Saifjiovlca vTrepcpva, 
 
 rjv fjv dvanreiao) tovtovI, aa>9^cro/xai,. 
 
 dXX! e^ejeipao irpuyrov avTov ^ovXo/j^m. 
 
 TTw? BrJT av fihicTT avTOV i-Treyelpatfii, ; 'rrw ; 
 
 ^eihnnrlhr}, ^eiSmTriBiov. ^E. tI, w iraTep ; 80 
 
 XT. Kvaov fie Kol ttjv %etpa So? TtjV Se^idv. 
 0E. ISov. Ti ea-Tiv ; ST. ehre fioi, ^tXet? i/xe ; 
 ^E. VTj TOV UoaeihS) tovtovI tov inrirLov. 
 ST. fjiij /jLoi ye tovtov /j,7]Bafia)<; tov 'Omnov 
 
 ovTO'? yap 6 de6<; aiTi6<; fioi, tcov KaKMV. 85 
 
 a\V etirep eK t?}? KapBia^ fi 6vT03<i (piXeK, 
 
 o) TTul, TTiOov. ^E. tL ovv TTiOoifiai, BrJTa croi ; 
 ST. eKdTpe'^ov fo9 Tdxt-TTa tow cravTov TjOOTtou?, 
 
 65. roO nanjrov — *fi8coi/iS7;j/.j This Phraortes, Deioces, Phraortes : in Egypt, 
 Attic custom is very well known. 'Itt- Necho, Psammitichus, Necho. 
 TToi/iKos- KaXXiou Ka| 'IttttovIkov KaXXt'as, 69. iroXii'.] It need hardly be re- 
 Aves 283. So the Etymologicon Magnum marked, that jroXir (as well as the trans- 
 says, that the name of Phoebus was derived lation, rock) was commonly used to desig- 
 dno ^olp-qs jua^/ij/f, vajxiKais. But the fact nate the Acropolis of Athens. Cf. Equites 
 is that this custom pervaded the whole 1093. Thuc. ii. 15. The reference is to the 
 ancient world. Thus, in Herodotus we grand procession in the Panathenaic ju- 
 find, to take no more examples, in Persia, bilee : the ^va-rlSa being, as the Scholiast 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 I wished, Phidonides, his grandsire's name. 
 
 Thus for some time we argued : till at last 
 
 We compromised it in Phidippides. 
 
 This boy she took, and used to spoil him, saying, <) 
 
 Some day you'll drive in purple to the Rock, 
 
 Like Megacles, your uncle : whilst I said. 
 
 Some day you'll drive our goats from yonder hills, 
 
 In rough inverted hides, like me your father. 
 
 Well, he cared nought for my advice, but soon 
 
 A galloping consumption caught my fortunes. 
 
 Now cogitating all night long, I've found 
 
 One way, one marvellous transcendant way. 
 
 Which, if he'll follow, we may yet be saved. 
 
 So, — but, however, I must rouse him first ; 
 
 But how to rouse him kindliest? that's the rub. 
 
 Phidippides, my sweet one. Pheid. Well, my father. 
 Steeps. Shake hands, Phidippides, shake hands and kiss me. 
 Pheid. There ; what's the matter ? Steeps. Dost thou love me, boy ? 
 J Pheid. Ay ! by Poseidon there, the God of horses. 
 Steeps. No, no, not that : miss out the God of horses. 
 
 That God's the origin of all my evils. 
 
 But if you love me from your heart and soul. 
 
 My son, obey me. Pheid. Well, and what's your will ? 
 Steeps. Strip with all speed, strip off your present habits, 
 
 former, are depicted by Juvenal, Sat. xiv. 
 185. An old Marsian shepherd is the 
 ;er. 
 
 says, the nop^vplba fjv o'l rjvioxoi (jiopoicn 
 fieXP^ """' I'OfiTreioj'Tes. The comparison 
 of the courtly and shepherd life, and the 
 evils attendant upon the choice of the 
 
 Nil vetitum fecisse volet {he says to his so7is) quern non pudet alto 
 Per glaciem perone tegi : qui submovet Euros 
 Pellibus inversis (Si(pdepav ivriixfjiipos) : Peregrina ignotaque nobis 
 Ad scelus atque nefas, qufficunque est, purpura {^varis) ducit. 
 
 C 
 
10 NE^EAAI. 
 
 KoX fiavdav" eXdcov av iyo) irapaiveaa). 
 ^E. Xirye h^, tI Ke\66eK ; ST. ical rt ireLaei; ^E. irei<JO,iai, 90 
 
 vi^ Tov Aiovvaov. ST. Sevpo viw airo^Xefre. 
 
 6pa.<; TO Ovpiov tovto koX toikloiov ; 
 ^E. opcb. Tt ovv TOVT ia-Ttv ireov, w vaTep ; 
 ST. ijrvxfov (Tocpav tovt earl ^poVTKTTrjpiov. 
 
 evravo evoiKova avope<i oi tov ovpavov ^"J 
 
 XeyovTSi avaTreiOovauv cb? eanv Trvijevi 
 
 KuaTiv irepl ?5/Lta? o5to?, ij/xet? 8' av6paKe<i. 
 
 ovTOi SiSdaKova , dpyvpiov fjv ri'; BiSai, 
 
 XeyovTa viKav Koi BiKaia KaoiKa. 
 ^E. elalv 8e rtVe? ; 100 
 
 ST. ovfc oiS' dKpi^03<; Tovvofia- 
 
 IJ,epi/j,vo(ppovTicrTal koKoL re KcuyadoL 
 ^E. al^ol, TTOvripoi j, olSa. Toii? dXa^ovw;, 
 
 Tov'i m-^piwvTa'i, tovv dvvTToSijTov; Xeyei'S' 
 
 &v o KaKoSaifMcov SaKpaTir; koX Xaipecpcbv. 
 ST. rj rj, aimira' firjSev el7rrj<; vriinov. ]05 
 
 dXX' el' Ti KrjBei Tmv TraTpaxav dXtpiTwv, 
 
 Tovraiv jevov fXOL, cr^acra/iez/o? ttjv Ittttiktjv. 
 ^E. ovK av fid TOV Aiovvaov, el Soirj^ ye fiot, 
 
 96. iTviyevs.] A passage is quoted from bursting out: 2nd., that the atmosphere, 
 
 the Aves, 1001, where Meton maintains o-hp^ 'was the power that subjected us to 
 
 the same theory : the Scholiast attributes the ills of mortality, quenching and smo- 
 
 it to Hippo, a disciple of Pythagoras. thering the heavenly flame as the couvre- 
 
 Mitchell, and apparently Welcker, con- feu, nviyeiis, extinguishes the earthly fire, 
 sider this opinion of Hippo to have been 98. apyvpiovJ] It need hardly be stated 
 
 derived from two doctrines of his Master : to the reader of Plato and Xenophon, 
 
 1st., that fire was the spirit of life which how wholly untrue this insinuation is. 
 
 comprehended the Deity, the heavenly One passage quoted by Spanheim from 
 
 bodies, and the soul of man, but that our the Memorabilia of Xenophon will suffice, 
 
 flesh, forbidding the soul to put forth its idavjxa^e de (6 2a>KpaTris) d tis aperi]V 
 
 full energies, resembled the coal which, iirayyikXopevos, apyvpiov TTparroiTo, I. ii. 7. 
 
 containing the fire, hinders it from See that and the next section. In the fol- 
 
THE CLOUDS. H 
 
 And go and learn what I'll advise you to. 
 Pheid. Name your commands. Streps. Will you obey ? Pheid. I will, 
 
 By Dionysus ! Streps. Well then, look this way. 
 
 See you that wicket and the lodge beyond ? 
 Pheid. I see : and prithee what is that, my father ? 
 Streps. That is the thinking-house of sapient souls. 
 
 There dwell the men who teach — aye, who persuade us. 
 
 That Heaven is one vast fire-extinguisher 
 
 Placed round about us, and that we're the cinders. 
 
 Aye, and they'll teach (only they'U want some money,) 
 
 How one may speak and conquer, right or wrong. 
 Pheid. Come, teU their names. 
 Streps. Well, I can't quite remember, 
 
 But they're deep thinkers, and true gentlemen. 
 Pheid. Out on the rogues ! I know them. Those rank pedants. 
 
 Those mealy, unshod vagabonds you mean : 
 
 That Chserephon, and Socrates, poor devU. 
 Streps. Oh ! Oh ! hush ! hush ! don't use those foolish words ; 
 
 But if the sorrows of my barley touch you. 
 
 Enter their Schools and cut the Turf for ever. 
 Pheid. I wouldn't go, so help me Dionysus, 
 
 lowing passage of Andocides de Mysteriis. bribe for not outbidding him, and also 
 
 'Ayvpptos ovToa\, 6 KaXoy icdyaBos, apxaimis share in the spoils : besides where 'kyvp- 
 
 iyevero Tr/s TreurrjKoa-Trjs fieT£(7)(ov 8' pios is read just before, several manuscripts 
 
 avra ovtoi, Travres ol TTapao'vWeyevTes . . . have apyvpios, so that we need not hesitate 
 
 . . . 01 Sia -ovTo i'pxiiyc SoKoxia-i crvWeyrivai. to make the same change here : the mean- 
 
 eKflcrf, iv avTols dp,<f>6Tepa rj, Ka\ nfj vwfp- ing then will be, that as they did not out- 
 
 pdWovcn XaiSeiv dpyvpiov, Kal oXi'yov irpa- bid him, Agyrrhius got it, and they shared 
 
 deiaris peracrx'^'i-v, p. 17. I would venture in the spoils. 
 
 against the authority of the MSS. and 103. axpi^aivTas.] aJxP°'''V^ is the com- 
 
 Edds. to read 'Ayvppiov for dpyvpiov. It plexion superinduced by excessive study, 
 
 is absurd to suppose that the tradesmen like pallor in the Roman poets. Hoc est 
 
 who combined with Agyrrhius to defraud quod palles 1 (Persius.) Who also calls 
 
 the government, should both receive a Pirene, pallida, from the same idea. 
 
12 
 
 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Tov? (paaiavov<; ou? rpe(f)ei Aecoyopw;, 
 ST. 'iff, avTi./3oXa) a-', S) j)l.\raT dv6pd)7ra)v ifMol, 
 
 eXOwv BiSdcTKov. ^E. KoX Tt aoL /j,a9^(T0fiat ; 
 
 XT. elvM Trap avTOK ^aaiv dfj,<f>a> rco \6ya>, 
 
 rbv Kpelrrov , 6cm'; earl, koX tov rjTTOva. 
 
 TovTOiV TOV erepov tolv Xoyoiv, tov rjTTOva, 
 
 viKav XeyovTa (jjacri TaSiKcoTepa. 
 
 rjv ovv fiddt)'; /j,oi tov dSiKov tovtov Xoyov, 
 
 a vvv 6(j)eiXco Sid ae, tovtcov tmv %jO€wi' 
 
 ovK dv aTroBoirjv ovS" dv 6/3o\bv ovSevL 
 ^E. OVK dv TTidoifiTjv ov ydp dv rXawyy ISelv 
 
 T0v<i lirireas to 'y^pwfjLa SiaKeKvai<Tjjuevo<i. 
 ST, OVK dpa fid TTjv Arj/nrjTpa twv j ifiwv eSet,, 
 
 ovT avTO'i ov9^ 6 ^j/yto? ov6' 6 (7a/j,<p6pa'i' 
 
 aW e'^eXw a e? K6paKa<; sk tt]'; olKla<;. 
 ^E. dXV ov Trepw-^eTai [m 6 Oelo'; MeyaxXer]^ 
 
 dviTTTTOV. aW eiaec/jLt,, aov 8' ov ^povncb. 
 
 110 
 
 115 
 
 130 
 
 135 
 
 109. (j)aa-i.avovs.] ' Commentators are 
 divided,' says Mr. Mitchell, 'as to whether 
 we are to understand by this word a 
 pheasant or a horse : [Athenseus, though 
 Mndorf considers the passage spurious, 
 Anna le Pevre, (afterwards Madame Da- 
 cier,) Kuster,] Bentley, Brunck, and 
 Schiitz, maintain the former opinion : 
 [Thom. Magister], Wieland, Hermann, 
 [and Lobeck] the latter.' So does Dindorf, 
 who says (paaiaviKol is the form used to 
 designate pheasants. I quite agree with 
 him and Hermann, that Brunok's objec- 
 tion to the illogical expression, ' I would 
 not give up horses for the best breed of 
 horses in Athens,' goes rather against him 
 than for him. Poets are often illogical for 
 effect : so Juvenal, ' The will is as bad Ss 
 
 the deed : and if the mere wiU is so bad, 
 how much worse must the deed be.' Sat. 
 xiii. 209-10. Again, 'Nature designed man 
 to defend man in war : instead of this, man 
 wages war himself.' Sat. xv. ; and shortly 
 after ; ' If Pythagoras thought it as bad 
 to eat brute's flesh as man's, how much 
 more horrified would he be to hear of 
 man's flesh being eaten.' I may add in 
 favoiu- of my version 'racers,' though 
 more as an illustration than a proof, that 
 the notorious Andocides, the informer in 
 the case of the mutilation of the Hermse, 
 who was the son of this Leogoras, pleads 
 an alibi on that night (in his speech de 
 Mysteriis, p. 9) on the ground that he had 
 been thrown from a colt he was riding, 
 and was so seriously injured that he was 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 13 
 
 Por ail Leogoras's breed of Racers ! 
 Streps. Go, I beseech you, dearest, dearest son, 
 
 Go and be taught. Pheid. And what M'ould you have me learn ? 
 Streps. 'Tis known that in their Schools they keep two Logics, 
 
 The "Worse, Zeus save the mark, the Worse and Better. 
 
 This Second Logic then, I mean the Worse one. 
 
 They teach to talk unjustly and— prevail. 
 
 Think then, you only learn that Unjust Logic, 
 
 And all the debts, which I have incurred through you, — 
 
 ril never pay, no, not one farthing of them. 
 Pheid. I will not go. It were a burning shame. 
 
 How could I speak to knights, a yellow pedant ! 
 Streps. ! then, bj^j^eus, you've ate your last of mine. 
 
 You, and your coach-horse, and your out-rider : 
 
 Out with you ! Go to pot, for all I care. 
 Pheid. But uncle Megacles won't leave me long 
 
 Without a horse : Til go to him : good bye. 
 
 forced to be carried home on a stretclier. 
 
 112. afxcjia) TO) X(5ym.J The art of 
 making the worse appear the better cause, 
 ascribed by Milton (Paradise Lost, ii. 113) 
 to Belial, received Protagoras of Abdera, 
 as its first exponent in Greece. It flow- 
 ed naturally from his celebrated maxim, 
 (against which Plato so eloquently argues 
 in the Thesetetus,) which made man the 
 criterion of truth, or in other words looked 
 upon truth as subjective, and therefore 
 mutable, not objective and independent, 
 HaVTav jiirpov avSpanros. It was he who 
 introduced the custom of teaching his 
 disciples to argue for and against a given 
 thesis with equal plausibility and inge- 
 nuity. See on this subject, and indeed on 
 the whole sophistical theory, Miiller's ad- 
 
 mirable thirty-second chapter in his liter- 
 ature of Greece, whose view of that school 
 has not been in the least degree shaken by 
 the counter arguments, themselves so so- 
 phistically advanced, in the able but un- 
 scrupulous volumes of Mr. Grote. How 
 little this charge of Aristophanes is ap- 
 plicable to Socrates, all must know : yet 
 it may have received some colour from 
 the negative method of Socrates, evident 
 in so many other ways ; and also, I would 
 observe, in the fact that he held that his 
 genius only forbid, never bid him to pursue 
 any course of action ; crrj/jialvei dTroTpoirrjv, 
 TrpoTfitVet 6e ovdewore. Theages, 128 D. 
 Phffidrus, 242 B.C. Nunquam impellenti, 
 semper revocanti paruit. Cicero de Div. 
 i. 54. 
 
14 NE^EAAI. 
 
 XT. aXX ovh" iya> fievroi Treadov ye Kecaofiar 
 
 aW" ev^d/J,£VO<; toXctlv deoh BiSd^ofoat 
 
 avTO'; ^aSl^ap ek to <ppovTiaT->jpiov. 
 
 TTw? ovv yepojv cbv KaTTiXija-fMcov Kal ^paSin; 
 
 \6ymv dKpo/3a>v (TXi'V^aXd/j.ov<; fiadrjaoixM ; 130 
 
 irr]T6ov. Tt ravT ex(^v a-Tpa/yyevop,ai,, 
 
 dW' ov-)(b KOTTTO) TTjv Ovpav ; iral, iraihlov. 
 MAG. jSaXX' 6? KopaKar rk iad' 6 K6^a<; ttjv Ovpav ; 
 ST. 0eiB(ovo<; vto? XrpS'^Ld^'i KucvvvoOev. 
 MAG. dfia6ri<; ye vr] A(,\ oaTK ovTcoal a^oSpa 135 
 
 dTrepi-/jL€plfJLVCo<; ttjv Ovpav \eXdKTiKa<; 
 
 Kal ^povrlh^ i^ijfj.^wKa'i i^evpTjfiivijv. 
 HT. avyyvaOL fioi: rrfKov yap oIkw tmv dypcbv. 
 
 dX?C eiire jjloi to -TTpdyfia TOv^rjfj,^Xa>/j,evov. 
 MAG. dW oil Oeiii'; ttXtjv tok /j,adr]Ta2aov Xeyeiv. 140 
 
 ST. Xeye vvv ifiol Oappmv iyo) yhp ovtoctX 
 
 rjKO) fiadTjTrj^ eh to (f)povTlcrTijpiov, 
 MAG. Xe^o). vofxiaai. Be TavTa XPV f^vaT^pia. 
 
 dvTjpeT dpTi Xaipe<f)covTa Sfo/cpdrrji; 
 
 ■y^vWav OTTocyov^ aXkoi/ro Tov<i avTrji; TToSas* 145 
 
 Baicovcra yap tov Xat,pe(f>(it)VTo^ ttjv 6(ppvv 
 
 eVt TTJV Ke<pa\r]v ttjv StoKpdTov; d<f>^\aTO. 
 ST. TTW BrJTa TovT efieTpijae ; MAG, Be^odiTaTa. 
 
 KTjpbv Bi,aT-)]^a<;, etro. ttjv ^jrvWav Xa/Scbv 
 
 137. €^ij;aj3X(»Kaj.] The reader will un- Phsenarete, a most splendid and capital 
 
 derstand the allusion from the following midwife, {fiala) 1 Yes : I am aware of 
 
 translation of a passage in the Thesetetus. that, says Thesetetus. But perhaps you 
 
 Thefetetus is describing his own difficul- are not aware, continues the philosopher, 
 
 ties to Socrates. Why, you are in tra- that I myself practise the same art. No 
 
 vail (wdiveis), says Socrates. I don't know indeed, says Thesetetus. Well then, I do, 
 
 about that, replies Theajtetus, but I am he says, but don't you go and tell any one 
 
 describing my real feeling. Are you not about it ; and then Socrates enters into a 
 
 aware, asks Socrates, that my mother was long discussion on the art of midwifery, 
 
THE CLOUDS. 15 
 
 Streps. I'm thrown^ by Zeus, but I won't long lie prostrate. 
 
 ril pray the Gods and send myself to school : 
 
 ril go at once and try their thinking house. 
 
 Stay : how can I, forgetful, slow, old fool. 
 
 Learn the nice hair-splittings of subtle Logic. 
 
 Well, go I must. 'Twont do to linger here. 
 
 Come on, I'll knock the door. Boy. Ho, there. Boy. 
 Student. (Within.) 
 
 Ugh ! Go to pot ! who's knocking at the door ? 
 Streps. Me ! Phidon's son : Strepsiades of Gicynna. 
 Stud. Why, what a clown you are ! so viciously, 
 
 Eudely, and carelessly, to kick our door ! 
 
 You've made my cogitation to miscarry. 
 Streps. Porgive me : I'm an awkward country fool. 
 
 But teU me, what was that I made miscarry ? 
 Stud. 'Tis not allowed : Students alone may hear. 
 Steeps. that's all right : you may tell me : I'm come 
 
 To be a student in your thinking-house. 
 Stud. Come then. But they're high mysteries, remember. 
 
 'Twas Socrates was asking Chserephon, 
 
 How many feet of its own a flea could jump. 
 
 Por one had just bit Chserephon's huge eyebrow. 
 
 Then off it hopped, and pitched on Socrates. 
 Streps. How did he measure this ? Stud. Most cleverly. 
 
 He warmed some wax, and then he caught the flea, 
 
 jj-aievTiKr] Texvr), (in whicL. the word a/x- crafiaTa, 148 — 151. 
 
 jSKicTKeiv occurs more than once,) tending 146. Xaipefpavros ttjv ocppvv.] 6 /iiu yap 
 
 to prove that he is an intellectual accou- fieyaXas eix^ ras o(ppvs 6 Xmpecpmv 6 8e 
 
 cheur, whose trade, being to deliver the <^aXoKp6s ?w 6 ^aKpdrtjs. Scholiast : who 
 
 teeming brains of young men, differs from proceeds to reprove the poet for making a 
 
 that of his mother only rm re avbpas aWa flea a biped in line 150, seeing Xe'^erai ff 
 
 fiTj yvumKas /iauveaBai, koI ra ras ^v)(as cYctj' mbas. 
 avTav TiKTOva-as iiria-Koirnv, at^Xa fii] to. 
 
16 NE^EAAI. 
 
 150 
 
 eve^a'y^ev ek tov Krtpov avTrjs T(b TroSe, 
 
 Kara •v/ru^eto"?; irepbe^tvaav TlepcnKai. 
 
 ravra? vTToXvcra'; avefierpei to ^(wpiov. 
 ST. M Zev l3aaiXev, ttj? XeTn6Triro<; twv (ppevaiv. 
 MA&. Tt BrJT av, erepov el nrvdoio Sa)KpdTov<; 
 
 (f)p6vTiafia ; ST. •koZov ; avTi^oXS), Kareiire ixoi. 155 
 
 MA0. avrjpeT avTov Xaipecjycbv 6 2^»;tt(.o9 
 
 oTTorepa rtjv yvcofiTjv e')(pi,, ra? ep.TriBa<; 
 
 Kara to arofj! aSeiv, rj Kara TovppoTTvyiov. 
 ST. Tt 8)}t' e'/ceti'o? elvre Trepl Trj<i ifj,TrlSo<; ; 
 MAQ. e^acTKev elvai rovvrepov t?)? ifiirlBo^ 160 
 
 arevov Sia Xetttov S" ovtos avTOv Trjv "rrvoT^v 
 
 iSia /SaSi^eiv evdv TovppoTrvyiov 
 
 eireiTa koIXov Trpo^ aTevS irpocrKeLfievov 
 
 TOV TrpcoKTov 'Tj'xelv vtto /3ia<; tov irvevfiaTO';. 
 ST. aaXTTty^ 6 irpioKTo^ icxTtv dpa Toiv ep/rrlB(ov. 165 
 
 S) TpiaixaKapLd tov StevrepevfiaTO^. 
 
 f) pa8iQ)<; (^ev'^tov av a7ro<pvyoi Siktjv 
 
 oaTi'i BloiSe TovvTepov Trj^ ip.TrlSo'i. 
 MA&. "TTpcoriv Be ye yvcofiTjv fiejaXriv a(j)rjpi6Ti 
 
 vir aaicaXalSwTov. ST, Tuva Tpoirov ; KaTenre /xoi. 170 
 
 MA0. ^TjTovvTO'i avTOv Tj)? aeXijv7]<; ra? 6Bov<i 
 
 Koi Ta<i Trepi^opa';, eW dvco Ke'xrjvoTO^ 
 
 awo Tr)<; opo(j)fj<; vvKTcop yaXecoTTj^ KaTe'^ecrev. 
 ST. r]a9riv yaXediTrj KaTa-)(kaavTi SaiKpaTovT 
 
 MAQ. e%^e? Be 7' rjpZv Behrvov ovk rjv ecrTrepa?. 175 
 
 ST. elev Tt ovv Trpos TaX.<f>i,T eiraXafi'qaaTO ; 
 
 152. dvejieTpei.] Butler therefore was when he boasts that his " profound gym- 
 unjust to our experimental philosophers nosophist" Sidrophel had learnt 
 How many scores a flea will jump 
 Of his own length, from head to nimp, 
 Which Socrates and Chaerephon 
 In vain assayed so long agon. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 17 
 
 And dipped its feet into the wax he'd melted : 
 
 Then let it cool, and there were Persian slippers ! 
 
 These he took off, and so he found the distance. 
 Streps. Zeus and king, what subtle intellects ! 
 Stud. What would you say then if you heard another. 
 
 Our Master's own ? Steeps. come, do tell me that. 
 Stud. Why, Chserephon was asking him in turn, 
 
 Which theory did he sanction ; that the gnats 
 
 Hummed through their mouth, or backwards, through the tail ? 
 Steeps. Aye, and what said your Master of the gnat ? 
 Stud. He answered thus : the entrail of the gnat 
 
 Is small : and through this narrow pipe the wind 
 
 Eushes with violence straight towards the tail ; 
 
 There, close against this pipe, the hollow rump 
 
 Eeceives the wind, and whistles to the blast. 
 Steeps. So then the rump is trumpet to the gnats ! 
 
 happy, happy in your entrail-learning : 
 
 Full surely need he fear, nor debts, nor duns, 
 
 Who knows about the entrails of the gnats. 
 Stud. And yet, last night a mighty thought we lost 
 
 Through a green lizard. Steeps. Tell me, how was that ? 
 Stud. Why, as himself, with eyes and mouth wide open. 
 
 Mused on the moon, her paths and revolutions, ' 
 
 A lizard from the roof squirted full on him. 
 Steeps. He, he, he, he. I like the lizard's spattering Socrates. 
 Stud. Then yesterday, poor we, we'd got no dinner. 
 Steeps. Hah ! what did he devise to do for barley ? 
 
 On the contrary their investigation appears my translation fallen upon Reiske's emen- 
 
 to have been perfectly satisfactory, and by dation of avrfjpeTo, which however I have 
 
 on means in vain. not ventured to admit into the text. 
 156. dy^per'.] I have unwittingly in 
 
18 NE^EAAI. 
 
 M.A0. Kara Trj^ rpave^v^ KaTairdaa'i \eirTrjv Te^pav, 
 
 Kdfi->jra<i o^eKia-Kov, eha Sia^')JTr]v Xa^mv, 
 
 eK TTj? ■7vaKai(TTpa<; doljJidTbov v^eiXero. 
 ST. tI SrJT meZvov top OaX^v 6av/j,d^ofiev ; 180 
 
 dvoiy dvoiy dvvcra'i to (ppovTiarripiov, 
 
 KoX Sei^ov ft)? rdxiCTd /jbot tov S(OKpaT'>]. 
 
 fxaOrjTiS) ydp' aXX' avovye rrjv dvpav. 
 
 Si 'HpdKXeK, TavTt iroZaird rd Or^pla ; 
 MA&. tI idavfiacra'; ; tS) aoi hoKovcTLV eMevai ; 185 
 
 ST. Toh eK UvXov X7]cj)deiai, toI<; AaKwviKoh. 
 
 drdp ri ttot e? ttjv yriv ^eirovcnv oiiToU ; 
 MA&. l^t)TOV(n.v ovTOi rd Kara yrj<;. ST. ^oX^oii^ dpa 
 
 i^rjTOvab. fjurj vvv TOVToyl (ppovrt^ere' 
 
 iryo) yap 618' 'tv elal fiejdXoi Kal KaXoL 190 
 
 Tt yap olSe Spojatv ol aipoSp' eyK6Kv^ore<i ; 
 MAG. ovTOi 8' ipe^oSKpmcnv v-rro rov Tdprapov. 
 ST. tL hf)&' 6 irpcoKTO^ es tw ovpavov /SXeTret ; 
 MAQ. avTO<i Ka6' avrov darpovofieiv BcSdaKerat. 
 
 dXX' elaiO" , 'iva, ^rj ^Keivo^ rjfuv eiriTvyri. 195 
 
 ST. fM^JTTco ye firjTTO) y, dXX' iTri,fj,eivdvTa)V, 'iva 
 
 avTolai KOivuxTm Tt irpa/^fiaTiov i/iov. 
 MA0. a\X' ov^ olov T avToiai Trpo'i toi' depa 
 
 e^co Biarpi/Seiv ttoXvv dyav iarlv ypovov. 
 ST. Trpo? rS)v Oewv, tL yap rdB' iariv ; elire fiot. 200 
 
 MA©. daTpovo/jiia fiev avTTjL ST. tovtI Se to ; 
 MA0. yewfJieTpia. ST. tovt ovv tL eaTi ^(priaifiov ; 
 
 MAQ. yrjv dva/xerpeicrdai,. ST. TroTepa rrjv KXrjpovj^oicrjv ; 
 
 MA@. oiiK, dXXd TTjv avfiTTaaav. ST. dcrrelov A,e7et9. 
 
 177 — 179. No distinct meaning can, ing Scholars. 
 I think, be extracted from this passage. 180. GaX^v. j Bergler quotes Plautus, 
 
 It appears to have been intended, as Mr. Captivi, ii. 2. 24. Tyndarus, one of the 
 
 Mitchell observes, to mystify Strepsiades : captives from Elis, says, 
 it has certainly had the effect of mystify- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 19 
 
 Stud. He sprinkled on the table — some fine sand — 
 He bent a spit — he raised some compasses — 
 And — bagged a mantle from the "Wrestling School. 
 
 Streps. My stars ! Why Thales was a fool to this ! i 
 
 open, open, wide the study door. 
 
 And shew me, shew me, shew me, Socrates. 
 
 1 die to be a student. Burst the door. 
 
 O Heracles, what kind of beasts are these ! 
 Stud. Why, what's the matter ? what d'ye think they're like ? 
 Streps. Like ? why those Spartans whom we caught at Pylus : 
 
 What makes them fix their eyes so on the ground ? 
 Stud. They seek things underground. Streps. ! to be sure. 
 
 They're seeking mushrooms. Hollo ! don't look there, 
 
 I'll tell you where the best and finest grow. 
 
 Look ! why do those stoop down so very much ? 
 Stud. They're diving deep into the deepest secrets. 
 Steeps. Then why's their rump turned up towards the sky ? 
 Stud. It's taking private lessons on the stars. 
 
 (To the other Students.) 
 
 Come, come : get in : he'11 catch us presently. 
 Streps. Kot yet ! not yet ! just let them stop one moment. 
 
 While I impart a little matter to them. 
 Stud. No, no : they must go in : 'twould never do 
 
 To expose themselves too long to the open air. 
 Streps. O ! by the Gods, now, what are these ? do tell me. 
 Stud. This is Astronomy. Streps. And what is this ? 
 Stud. Geometry. Streps. Well, what's the use of that ? 
 Stud. To mete out lands. Streps. What, for allotment grounds ? 
 Stud. No, but all lands. Streps. A choice idea, truly. 
 
 Eugepae ! 
 Thalem talento non emam Milesium, 
 Nam ad sapientiam hujus nimius nugator fuit. 
 And Aves 1009, where Peisthetserus says Eudens, iv. 3. 64. Gripus says to Tracha- 
 of Meton ; avdpawos eaKrjs. Add Plautus Ho ; Salve, Thales. 
 
 D 2 
 
20 NE^EAAI. 
 
 TO ryap (Tojtiafia Srj/MOTWOV koX XPVO'i'f^ov. *05 
 
 MA@. avrrj 8e croi yrj<; vepLoho'i Tracr?;?. bp3,<; ; 
 
 a'lhe /J,ev 'AOrivai. ST. Tt crii Xeyei? ; ou TreiOofiai, 
 
 iirel SiKaara^ ovx opui Kadri/Jiivov^. 
 MA&. a)? TOVT aXrjOayi'ATTiKov rb Xf^plov. 
 
 ST. KoX TTOV KtKvvvrj'; elalv ov/xol hrijMoraL ; 210 
 
 MAG. ivraW eveicnv. r) Se 7' Ev/3oi, a)? opa';, 
 
 rjSl TrapareTaTai fiaKpa iroppco irdvv. 
 ST. olS"' iiTTo yap r}fiS)V TrapeTadr] koX JJepoKXeov^. 
 
 aXX.' rj AaKeSaL/J-av wov 'crTti/; MA&. ottov 'ariv ; avTrji. 
 ST. o)? iyyii'i rj/j,(ov. tovto irdw (ppovTi^ere, 215 
 
 TavTTjv d(j) rjfMwv aTrajayelv iroppai irdvv. 
 MA&. dX\' ovx °^°^ "^^ ^^ ^'■'* ^^- oljioi^ead' dpa. 
 
 <j)epe Ti? yap ovto'; oviil Trji; KpefjAOpa^ dvrjp ; 
 MAQ. avTO?. ST. rk avTO'; ; MAQ. SaKparj]';. 
 
 ST. S) ScoKpaTe<;. 
 
 id' o5to9, dva^orjaov avTov fioi fieya. 220 
 
 MA©. auTO? fiev ovv <tv KaXeaov ov yap fiOL crp^oX?;. 
 St. 3) S(i>KpaTe<;, 
 
 204. do-Tflov Xfyeis. To yap a-6(JMTfia Xdyot, p. 227 : where Stallbaum rightly 
 
 brjfioTiKov Kai xprj'ri-H-oi'-] All the commen- enough remarks, elegantem esse ambiguita- 
 
 tators acquiesce in the old version, Facete tern in vocabulo, aoreiov, quod de elegantia 
 
 dicis : est enim hoc inventum populare et atque urbanitate, et de communi utilitate 
 
 utile. But this, without looking at the capiendum ; but without any reference to 
 
 Greek, seems remai'kably tame ; the yap these lines of Aristophanes. The double 
 
 requires something more than Facete dicis entendre can hardly be kept up in English, 
 
 to precede it : yoCc would suit that trans- My own translation is bad. A play on the 
 
 lation better. But there is a passage in word ' civil' woxild, I think, be worse : but 
 
 the Phsedrus which clears up the whole the Latin translation should evidently be, 
 
 diificulty in a moment. It runs as follows : Urbane dicis : urbi enim utile est callidum 
 
 * Q ycmaios, e'i6e ypdycLev as XP'I ^^vrjTi hoc COmmentum. 
 
 (xap'X^'''^'") lidWov fi ttXouo-iw, Kai npi(T- 209. 'Kttikov to ;((»/)i'oc.] This may 
 
 ^vTcpa /xaXKov ^ vfaTepa, kai 6<Ta aKXa have given rise to the anecdote recorded 
 
 ffioi Te jrp6cr€(TTiv koI toIs ttoXKoIs fip.5iv by iElian, which is thus described by Dr. 
 
 ? yap & A2TEI0I xai AHMQ*EAEI2 oi Wordsworth, Greece, p. 63. Alcibiades 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 ;^i 
 
 Tlieu every man may take his choice^ you mean. 
 Stud. Look ; here's a chart of the whole world. D'ye see ? 
 
 This city's Athens. Streps. Athens ? I like that. 
 
 I see no jury sitting. That's no Athens. 
 Stud. In very truth, this is the Attic ground. 
 Streps. And where then are my townsmen of Cicynna ? 
 Stud. Why, there-abouts ; and here, you see, Euboea : 
 
 Here, reaching out a long way by the shore. 
 Streps. Yes, overreached by us and Pericles. 
 
 But now, where's Sparta ? Stud. Let me see : 0, here. 
 
 Streps. Heavens ! how near us. O do please manage this 
 
 To shove her off from us, a good deal further. 
 Stud. We can't do that by Zeus. Streps. The worse for you. 
 
 Hollo ! who's that ? that fellow in the basket ? 
 Stud. That's He. Streps. Who's He ? Stud. 'Tis Socrates. 
 Streps. Socrates ! 
 
 You sir, call out to him as loud as you can. 
 Stud. Call him yourself : I have not leisure now. 
 Streps. Socrates ! Socrates ! 
 
 one day was taken by Socrates to a build- 
 ing in the city of Athens, in which maps 
 of different countries were collected. The 
 philosopher directed the attention of his 
 young friend to a chart of the habitable 
 world, as far as it was then known to the 
 geographers of Greece, with the intention 
 of diminishing the pride in which the 
 latter appeared to indulge in consequence 
 of the extent of his territorial possessions 
 on the Athenian soil. He desired him to 
 point out the position of Attica on the 
 map. Alcibiades did so. Now shew me 
 there, said Socrates, the situation of your 
 own estate. How is it possible ? replied 
 
 the other : can you expect that my do- 
 mains should appear there, where even 
 Attica itself occupies so small a space ? 
 
 213. naperadrj.l Stretched on the rack. 
 This refers to the subjection of Euboea by 
 Pericles just before the thirty years' truce, 
 when the Athenian Kk-qpovxia was planted 
 at Histisea. Thucydides, i. 114. 
 
 219. S> SmKpaTfs.] Strepsiades roars 
 out; Socrates, wrapt in contemplation, 
 does not hear him. The student, afraid 
 to interrupt his meditations, excuses him- 
 self by suddenly recollecting a press of 
 business, and retires. 
 
.22 NE^EAAI. 
 
 S> S(OKpaTiSi,ov. SS2. rl fie koXsk, S)(j>rj/Mepe ; 
 
 ST. Trpwrov fiev 6 to Spa-;, avri^oKw, Kdrenri fioi. 
 
 Xn.. aepo^aTO) Kal nrepijipovm rov fjkLOV. 225 
 
 XT. eireuT airo Tappov tous Oeov<; vTrep^poveK, 
 
 AXS: ovK aiTo T979 7'??. e'^^ep. 5/2. ov yap av irore 
 
 i^evpov 6p9o}<i TO, /jLETecopa TrpdyfJ^aTa, 
 
 el fir] Kp€fuiaa<; to vorjfia Kal rrjv (ppovriBa 
 
 XeTTTrjv KarafJ-i^a^ ek rbv ofioiov aepa. ^"^^ 
 
 el 8' S)V %«/"■«(■ ravci) KarwOev laKoirovv, 
 
 OVK av TTod' evpov ov yap aXX! rj yrj ^la 
 
 e\Kei irpo^ avTTjv rrjv iKfidSa t»}? (ppovTiSo'i. 
 
 Trdayei 8e ravTo jovto kuI to, KapBafMa. 
 XT. tI 4>fi<; ; 235 
 
 97 (ftpoPTU eXKSt, T7]V Ik/xuS' ek ra KdpSafia ; 
 
 Wu vvv, Kard^rjd', w XfOKparlBiov, ft)? ifie, 
 
 ha fie Bihd^rji; Syvirep eveK eKrjkvOa. 
 Xfi- rp\.de<; Se kuto. tl ; XT. ySoyXojitew? fiaOelv Xejeiv. 
 
 VTTO yap TOKcov ^(priaTwv re SvaKoXaiTaTcov 'J4U 
 
 dyo/Jbai, (pepofiai, rd j^pi^iMar evej(ypd^oiJ,ai, 
 Xfi- TvoOev S' vTr6-)(peo)<; aavrov eKaOe^ yevofievc; ; 
 XT. v6a-o<; fju eTrirpi-'^ev liririKri, hewr) (f)aye2v. 
 
 dWd /tie SiSa^ov tov erepov roiv croiv \6yoiv, 
 
 rov i^irjSev diroSiSovTa. fiiaOov S' ovnv av 345 
 
 227. (iVK OTTO Trjs yrjs, eiTrep.] sc. del all.' V. is. 9 : ovk dStKcTrat, aXX ftTrep, 
 vTre pip povelv. Kuster, Bergler, Dindorf. ^XaTrrerai ; cf. Id. viii. 2, 3, and x. 4, 2. 
 E'lVcp i'^eanv iwepppovf'iu. Brunck : and Strepsiades means to say, ' It is not so bad 
 Keiske would even correct the passage. as I feared : even if you do contemn (a 
 But there is no difficulty whatever : eiirep sort of misnomer for the Socratic con- 
 is, ' if so be,' sc, that you do despise them. tem-plate : so in the original, Trepiippovcb, 
 It is frequently used in the same elliptical vtrip^poveis,) the Gods, at an)/ rate you do 
 way in the Ethics. See i. x. 14 : ' He it from a basket.' So Plato's Republic, 497, 
 does not,' says Aristotle, 'become happy E. I see Mitchell takes the same view, 
 again in a hurry, dXX' e'L-irep, iv moXKa and adduces some of the above passages. 
 Ttj^t xpovat Kai TeXe/o), i. e. if he does at 234, ra *cdp5a/Lia.] An allusion to the 
 
THE CLOUDS. 23 
 
 Sweet Socrates ! Socr. Mortal ! why call'st thou me ? 
 
 Streps. 0, first of all, please tell me what you are doing. 
 Socr. I walk on air, and contem-plate the Sun. 
 Streps. O then from a basket you contemn the Gods, 
 
 And not from the earth, at any rate ? Socr. Most true. 
 
 I could not have searched out celestial matters 
 
 "Without suspending judgment, and infusing 
 
 My subtle spirit with the kindred air. 
 
 If from the ground I were to seek these things, 
 
 I could not find : so surely doth the earth 
 
 Draw to herself the essence of our thought. 
 
 The same too is the case with water-cress. 
 Streps. HUlo ! what's that ? 
 
 Thought draws the essence into water-cress ? 
 
 Come down, sweet Socrates, more near my level. 
 
 And teach the lessons which I come to learn. 
 Socr. And wherefore art thou come? Streps. To learn to speak. 
 
 For owing to my horrid debts and duns. 
 
 My goods are seized, I'm robbed, and mobbed, and plundered. 
 Socr. How did you get involved with your eyes open ? 
 Streps. A galloping consumption seized my money. 
 
 Come now : do let me leam the unjust Logic 
 
 That can shirk debts : now do just let me learn it. 
 
 homely imagery so familiar to the readers tured figures of Silenus, which, without, 
 
 of Plato and Xenophon. ' To hear Socrates are coarse, and rude, and repulsive, hut 
 
 talk,' says Alcibiades in the Symposium of within, are the images of the Gods.' In 
 
 Plato, 'appears to a superficial observer what follows, Strepsiades catches at the 
 
 very ridiculous, for his conversation is all word Kapdajxa, probably the first word he 
 
 about donkeys, and coppersmiths, and has thoroughly understood, and after dis- 
 
 cobblers, and tanners : but look deeper, playing his utter inability to comprehend 
 
 and you will find that there is a hidden such philosophical language, beseeches his 
 
 meaning in all this, a meaning full of new master to descend to his level, both 
 
 virtue, piety, and divinity ; like the sculp- in a physical and in an intellectual sense. 
 
24 NE^EAAI. 
 
 vpaTTf) fi 6fiov/J,al eroi KaTad-^aeiv tov's 6eow. 
 Sf2. TToiov; 6eov<; 6fj,et av ; irpmrov yap ffeol 
 
 rjfuv vofJilfffj^ ovK ecTTl. ST. Tft) yap o/ivvt ; rj 
 
 tnSapeoicriv, Sicirep iv Bv^udtIo) ; 
 ^12. ^ovXei TO, Oeia vpa/^jxar elSivai aa^S)<i 250 
 
 aTT ecrrov opaco<; ; 2,1. vtj Ai, , enrep eari, ye. 
 Sfi. Kal ^vyyeve<r6ai rat? Ne^ekaicnv e? \6yov^, 
 
 rats "^fjieTepatai, Salfwaiv ; ST. fiaXitrrd ye. 
 Sfii. KaOi^e Toivvv iirl tov lepov aKifiTroSa. 
 ST. IBoii KdOrj/Mai. SH. tovtovX Toivw Xa^e 255 
 
 TOV (TTecjjavov. ST. em tl arr€<^avov ; oifiot, SooKpare^, 
 
 &airep fie tov 'AOdfiavd' oVw? fir) Ovaere. 
 Sfl. OVK, aWa TavTa irdvTa Tovi TeXov/Mevov; 
 
 rifieli TToiovfiev. ST. etTa Brj tL KepSavw ; 
 Sfi. \eyeiv yevijcrei, TpifMfia, KpoTokov, irab'rrdX'r). 260 
 
 aXX' e%' aTpe/nl. ST. fi^ tov At,' ov ifrevirei ye fie' 
 
 KaTairaTTOfievo's yap •waiirakr) yevrjaofiai. 
 Sn. ev<f>7]fi.eiv ')(prf tov irpea^inrfv Kal Trji euxfj<i viraKoveiv. 
 
 & SecTTTOT^ dva^, dfierpTfT 'Arjp, o<s ejects riji' yrjv /MeTeoapov, 
 
 249. triSapeoto-iv.] It is not known to such a measure from poverty, according 
 what were the adverse influences which to Professor Hussey'a notion. However, 
 compelled Byzantium to resort to an iron the fact is undoubted, whatever the reason 
 circulation. It seems extraordinary that may have been. The Scholiast quotes from 
 a city in a situation with such extreme the Peisander of Plato Comicus, 
 facilities for commerce, should be reduced 
 
 XaKeiras ttv oiK'fjffai^ev ^v "Bv^avTiois, 
 "Otrov ffidapsotffi to7s vofilfffiaat 
 Xpwvrai. 
 
 I shonld'nt like to live in poor Byzantium, 
 Where all their gold is iron. 
 257. 'ABdiMvra,'] There is here an been compassing the ruin of her children 
 allusion to the semi-ambiguous phrase, at the instigation of his new wife, sought 
 Juyyei/fo-^ai rats Ne^fXaij, for Athamas vengeance against him. In a play of 
 married a Nephele : who being abandoned Sophocles called Athamas, he is brought 
 by her husband, and finding that he had in with a chaplet on his head to be sacri- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 Name your own price, by all the Gods I'll pay it. ,' 
 The Gods ! why you must know the Gods with us 
 Don't pass for current coin. Steeps. Eh ? what do you use then ? 
 Have you got iron, as the Byzantines have ? 
 Come, would you like to learn celestial matters, 
 How their truth stands ? Streps. Yes, if there's any truth. 
 And to hold intercourse with yon bright Clouds, 
 Our virgin Goddesses ? Streps. Yes, that I should. 
 Then sit you down upon that sacred bed. 
 Well, I am sitting. SocR. Here then, take this chaplet. 
 Chaplet ? why ? why ? now, never, Socrates : 
 Don't sacrifice poor me, like Athamas. 
 Pear not : our entrance-services require 
 All to do this. Streps. But what good comes of it ? 
 You'll be the iiower of talkers, prattlers, gossips : 
 Only keep quiet. Streps. Zeus ! your words come true ! 
 I shall be flour indeed with all this peppering. 
 
 Old man sit you still, and attend to my will, and hearken in peace to my prayer, 
 O Master and King, holding earth in your swing, measureless infinite Air; 
 
 ficed : Strepsiades fears lest his connection 
 with the Clouds is to end in the same way, 
 and no Heracles to set him free again, as 
 in the case of Athamas. 
 
 258. In my translation of this line, I 
 have again unintentionally chimed in with 
 the emendation of Ernesti, Seager, and 
 others, iravras ravra for ravra navra. 
 
 2Q2. KaTaTraTTo/uvosJ] This is generally 
 understood to be occasioned by a practical 
 joke on the part of Socrates, who pours a 
 quantity of sand, fine pebbles, &c., over 
 the head of Strepsiades, ut victimse, says 
 Bergler, solebant mola conspergi. 
 
 264. i'x^ts Tr)v yrjv fUTeapou.^ The best 
 
 commentary on this verse is from Socrates 
 himself, (apud Plat. Phsed. 99, b.) o fiev ns 
 (nempe Empedocles,) Sivrjv (of. infr. 376.) 
 TTcpiTiuets Tfj yrj vTTo Tov ovpavov fiifeiv drf 
 iroifl Tfjv yrjv, 6 8e, (Anaximenes, Anax- 
 agoras, Democritus,) &(rwep Kaphona ttXq- 
 Teia l3ddpov tov depa in-epeiSei. The dis- 
 tinction betwen 'Afip and Aldfip is thus lu- 
 cidly stated by Cicero, De Nat. Deorum, 
 (quoted by Mitchell). Principio enim terra, 
 sita in media parte mundi, circumfusa 
 undique est hac animabili spirabilique na- 
 tura cui nomen est aer. Hunc rursus am- 
 plectitur immensus (Bther, qui constat ex 
 altissimis ignibus, il. 36, 
 
26 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Xafiirpo'; r AWrjp, crefival re 0eal NecpeXai ^povrrjcriKepawoi, 265 
 apOijre, (jjdvrjT, S) SecnroLvat, tS> (ppovTiarrj fieriaipoi,. 
 ST. firjtra) (iriTrw <ye, irplv av tovtI "TTTV^cofiM, fMrj Kara^pe^SS). 
 
 TO Be firjSe KvvrjV oUoOev ekOelv efie tov KaKohaiiiov eypvra. 
 5/2. eXOere Stjt, w TroXvTi/JirjToi- NecjieXai,, rmB' eh eTriBei^iv 
 
 eoT iir 'OXvfiTTOv Kopv(f)al'; lepat<; ^(iovopKriTOiai KaOrjcrde, 370 
 
 eiT 'flKeavov Trarpb'; iv Kri'Trob<; lepov %o/30i' 'la-rare Nv/ji,(j)at.^, 
 
 eiT dpa NeiXov Trpo^oa? vBdrmv ')(pvaeat,<s ap'ureade •7rp6')(pvai,v, 
 
 rj MaiSyrtv Xl/jbvrjv e^er' ij aKOTreXov vocpoevra Mlfj,avTO<;' 
 
 vTTaKovaare Se^dfievai dvcrlav Koi toI<; lepoiai yapelaai. 
 XO. dhaoi NecpeXai, crrp. 275 
 
 dp6a>/j,ev <pav€pal Bpoaepav cpvaiv evd'yrjrov, 
 
 Trarpos aTT 'flKeavov l3apva')(eo<i 
 
 vy^Xcbv opecov icopvcpa^ eVt 
 
 SevSpoKo/xovs, 'iva 
 
 TT^XecpaveK <TK0'ma<i d(f)opd)fieOa, 280 
 
 KapTTOv'i T dphofievav lepav ')(66va, 
 
 xal irorafiMV ^aOecov KeXaBij/u.aTa, 
 
 Kao 1T0VT0V KeXdhovTa ^apv^pofjLov 
 
 ofifia yap aWepo's aKdfiaTov aeXayelTai 
 
 /j,apfj,apeaK ep avyai<;. 285 
 
 aXX' d-TTOcreiadfievai ve^o<i ofi^piov 
 
 ddavdras lBea<; iiri.Boofj.eda 
 
 rrlXeaKOTTCp o/ifiaTi yaiav. 
 nil. d) fieya aefival NecfieXai, <l>avepS}<i rjKoware fiov KaXeaavTO<;. 
 
 rjcrdov (f>Q}vrj^ a/xa Kal ^povrrj^ /j,VK7](Ta/j,ev7j'} deoaeirrov ; 290 
 
 ST. Kal a-e^ofiai y, w TroXvTifirjTot, Kal ^ovXop.ai avrairoTTapBelv 
 
 irph rh'i ^povrdi- outco? avTcfi TeTpefiaivw Kal Tre^o^Tjfjbao' 
 
 Kel ^e/ii? iajlv, vvvl j fjBrj, Kel fir) de/Mi earl, 'xeaeiw. 
 
 284. iV/xa aWipos.'] Hai-ford compares speare's Richard IL, where the sub is 
 the Seven Chiefs of ^schylus, where the called ' the searching eye of heaven,' as it 
 moon is called vvKrb, 6(t>ecAp.6s : Shake- is by Milton in the Morning hymn, 'the 
 
THE CLOUDS. 27 
 
 And thou glowing Ether, and Clouds who enwreathe her with thunder, and lightning, and storms, 
 Arise ye and shine, bright Ladies Divine, to your student in bodily forms. 
 
 Streps. No, but stay, no, but stay, just one moment I pray, while my cloke round my temples I wrap. 
 To think that I've come, stupid fool, from my home, without either beaver or cap ! 
 
 SocR. -Come forth, come forth, dread Clouds, and to earth your glorious majesty show ; 1 
 Whether lightly ye rest on the time-honoured crest of Olympus environed in snow, ' 
 Or tread the soft dance 'mid the stately expanse of old Ocean, the nymphs to beguile, 
 Or stoop to enfold with your pitchers of gold, the mystical waves of the Nile, 
 Or around the white foam of Mseotis ye roam, or Mimas all wintry and bare, 
 ! hear while we pray, and turn not away from the rites which your servants prepare. \ 
 
 Chorus. Clouds of all hue, 
 
 Eise we aloft with our garments of dew. 
 Come from old Ocean's unchangeable bed. 
 Come, till the mountain's green summits we tread. 
 Come to the peaks with their landscapes untold. 
 Gaze on the Earth with her harvests of gold. 
 Gaze on the rivers in majesty streaming. 
 
 Gaze on the lordly, invincible Sea, 
 Come, for the Eye of the Ether is beaming. 
 Come, for all Nature is flashing and free. 
 Let us shake off this close-clinging dew 
 Erom our members eternally new. 
 And sail upwards the wide world to view. 
 Come away ! Come away ! 
 SooB. Goddesses mine, great Clouds and divine, ye have heeded and answered my prayer. ' 
 Heard ye their sound, and the thunder around, as it thrilled through the petrified air ? 
 Streps. Yes, by Zeus, and I shake, and I'm aU of a quake, and I fear I must sound a reply. 
 Their thunders have made my soul so afraid, and those terrible voices so nigh : \ 
 So if lawful or not, I must run to a pot, by Zeus, if I stop I shall die. ' : 
 
 world's eye and soul.' Aytoun in his bal- still bolder metaphor, calls it ' the eye of 
 lad on the execution of Montrose, by a God.' 
 
 e2 
 
28 NE0EAAI. 
 
 Xfl. oil jXTj (TKa)-\lrei fiTjSe TTOirjcreK airep ol TpvjoBaifj,ove<s ovTOi, 
 
 aX.V evtbrjixei' fie^a yap tl de&v Kivelrai cr/j,fjvo<; doiSai';. 295 
 
 XO. -n-apOevoi ofi^pofopoi, avT. 
 
 e\0(op.ev Xmapav ')(66va UaWdBo^, evavBpov yav 
 
 KeKpo'TTO'i 6^jr6fi€vai iroKvrjparov 
 
 ov (7e/3a9 dppTjTwv lepSiV, iva 
 
 fivcTToSoKOi 86/j.o<; 300 
 
 iv TeXerai? dylaK dvaBeiKvurai, 
 
 ovpavioL<; re Oeot^ BdoprjixaTa, 
 
 vaoL S' vylrepe^eit Kal dyaX/Mara, 
 
 Kal TTpoaoBoi fiuKapaiv lepcoTarai, 
 
 evcrrecpavol re Oeaiv dvcrlai OaXiai re, 305 
 
 ■navToBatTaZ^ ev &pai<;, 
 
 rjpi T eTrep'XpiJ.evcp BpofiCa %a/3(?, 
 
 evKeKaBav re xopwi' ipeOla-p^aTa, 
 
 Kol Movcra ^apv^pojjbo^ avKwv. 
 ST. Trpo? Tov Jto? dvTL^okSi ae, ^pdaov, TtVe? eia, & ScoKparei, avrai 310 
 
 al ^Oey^dfievao tovto to aefivov ; fiMV rjpwvai rive's elaiv ; 
 Sf2. iJKicyT, dX>C ovpdvbat Ne(peXai,, p,eyd\at, 6eal dvBpdcnv dpyo2<;' 
 
 aiTtep yv(i)fi7]v kol Btake^iv km vovv fjfuv irapeyovcn 
 
 Kal TepaTeiav Kal -TrepiXe^iv Kal Kpovaiv Kal KaTd\7]\jnv. 
 XT. ravT dp dKovaaa avTwv to (pdeyp,' rj "^jrvyn fiov TreiroTrjTai, 315 
 
 Kal XeTTToXoyeiv 't]8r] ^rjrel Kai irepl Kairvov aTevoXecryetv 
 
 Kal yvwfiiBitp yva)fji,r]v vv^acr eTepco Xoyo) dvTc\oyrjaar 
 
 &(TT, e'l TTW'i ecrnv, IBelv avTa'i ijBr] jtavepSy^ iiridvp.w. 
 Xfl. /SXeire vvv Bevpl 7rpo9 ttjv Tldpvqd'- fjBr} yap Spa) KaTiovaa<; 
 
 294. Tpvyobai^ov.s.^ This, according 312. dpyoh.] rois <i,i\o,T6<j>oii. Soho- 
 
 to Welcker and Mitchell, is meant to be a Hast. Adam Smith, in his Wealth of Na- 
 
 payment in kind for the epithet raKoSai- tions, defines a philosopher as one whose 
 
 /xoj/cf, with which Aristophanes and other trade is to speculate on everything and do 
 
 comedians frequently complimented the nothing, 
 
 philosophers. 319. nap.r,6\] " In a surviving frag- 
 
 .i07. fipi.-] This play was performed at ment of a late edition of this play, the 
 
 the great Dionysia which took place in the Clouds are represented as irritated by their 
 
 March of the year B.C. 423. discourteous reception, and threatening to 
 
THE CLOUDS. 29 
 
 Socu. Don't act in onr schools lite those Comedy-fools with their scurrilous scandalous ways. 
 
 Deep silence be thine : while this Cluster divine their soul-stirring melody raise. 
 Choetjs. Come then with me. 
 
 Daughters of Mist, to the land of the free. 
 Come to the people whom Pallas hath blest, 
 Come to the soil where the Mysteries rest ; 
 Come, where the glorified Temple invites 
 The pure to partake of its mystical rites : 
 Holy the gifts that are brought to the Gods, 
 
 Shrines with festoons and with garlands are crowned, 
 Pilgrims resort to the sacred abodes. 
 
 Gorgeous the festivals all the year round. 
 And the Bromian rejoicings in Spring, 
 "When the flutes with their deep music ring. 
 And the sweetly-toned Choruses sing 
 
 Come away ! Come away ! 
 Steeps. O Socrates pray, by all the Gods, say, for I earnestly long to be told, "" 
 
 Who are these that recite with such grandeur and might ? are they glorified mortals of old ? 
 SocE. No mortals are there, but Clouds of the air, great Gods who the indolent fill : 
 These grant us discourse, and logical force, and the art of persuasion instil. 
 And periphrasis strange, and a power to arrange, and a marvellous judgment and skill. ■ 
 Steeps. So then when T heard their omnipotent word, my spirit felt all of a flutter. 
 
 And it yearns to begin subtle cobwebs to spin and about metaphysics to stutter. 
 And together to glue an idea or two, and battle away in replies : 
 So if it's not wrong, I earnestly long to behold them myself with my eyes. 
 SocE. Look up in the air, towards Parnes, out there, for I see they will pitch before long 
 
 fly off to the heights of moimt Fames sailing off, we are told, 
 from which they had come. They are 
 
 To the summits of Parnes swelling with rage, and have vanished along Lycabettus. 
 Lycabettus is now the hill of St. George, is quite worthless : the clouds receded 
 onthenorth-eastvergeof Athens." Words- from sight over the tops of Lycabettus, 
 worth, Athens and Attica, chap. 8. Din- on their way to Parnes. 
 dorf 's objection to the Kara t6v liVKa^rfrrov 
 
30 NE<PEAAI. 
 
 riav)(fjavTd'i. ST.<pep€,'7rov; Sei^ov. Sfl.xo^povcr'ctvTatTrdvvTToWaljS^O 
 Sia TMV KoiXaiv Kal twv Zaaicov, axnai ifKarjiai. ST. ri to '^ij/u.a ; 
 o)? ov Kadopd). SSI. ivapa ttjv e'iaoBov. ST. t/St; vvvl fioKi'; oyro)?. 
 ^/2. vvv ye TOi •IjSrj Ka6opa<; avTa.<;, el fir) \7j/j,a.^ KoXoKVVraK. 
 ST. vtj Al e'ya>'y , S) 7rokvTi/j,7jroi, irdvra yap rjhr] KaTe')(pv(Ti. 
 
 Sfl. TavTa<; fievrot av 6ea^ ovcra^ ovk fjSrj<; ovS' iv6fii^e<! ; 325 
 
 ST. fia AC, aX\' ofii')(\.7)v Kal SpScrov avra^ ■^yov/Mr}v Kai Kairvov elvat,. 
 
 Sfl. ov yap fid Au olad' oTitj TrXetVTOv? avrat ^oaKovcrt, tJo^taTas, 
 BovpiofjbdvTei'i, laTpoTe')(yas, a-cfipayiBowx^apyoKOfiTfTai;, 
 kvkKUov t6 %opa)i' acrfiaTOKdfnrTa<;, avSpw; fieT6(opo<f>evaKa<!, 
 ovSev Spu>VTa<i ^oaKovcr dpyov<;, on ravra^ fiovaoTroiovaiv. 330 
 
 ST. ravT dp i'TTOLovv " vypav NecpeXdv arpenrTaiyXdv Bdiov opfidv" 
 
 " TrXoKdfiovi 6' eKaroyKecfidXa Tvcpw," " Trprjfiaivovcra'i re 0veX\,a<si" 
 eiT " aepla^, Biepd'i" " yafiyjroii'; ol(ovov<;, depovrf^^eK," 
 6fi0povs 6' vhdrcov Spoaepdv Ne(f>e\dv" eir dvr ahrmv KaTeirivov 
 tcearpdv refid^V fieyaXdv dyaddv, Kpea t opviOeia rnxn^dv. 335 
 
 Sfl. Bid fievTOi rdaS' ov-xji BtKaLta ; ST. Xe^ov Brf fxoi, rl •jraOova-ai, 
 elirep Ne^eKau y elalv d\7i9a)<;, OvrjTac'i e'l^aai ywat^iv ; 
 oil yap eKelvai y elal Toiavrai. 2/2. (pepe, ■jrolai ydp nvii elaiv ; 
 
 ST. OVK olSa aa<pa)s' e'l^acriv yovv epioiaiv ireirTafievoKTi, 
 
 Kovxi yvvai^lv, fid AC, ovB' onovv avrai Be piva^ e^pvatv. 340 
 
 2/2. diroKpival vvv drr dv epwfiai. ST. \eye vvv raxew^ 6 ri ^ovXei. 
 
 2/2. 7]Sr] iroT dva^Xiyjra'i etSe? ve^e\7]v Kevravpay ofioiav 
 
 321. I fear I have but poorly sue- brings out into more dewy and bright ex- 
 ceeded in my endeavour to preserve those istence, is to me as refreshing as the real 
 peculiar beauties of this passage, which breathing of mountain winds. The line 
 induced Mr. Ruskin (Modern Painters) to 8m Ti>u ko[X<oi, Kal tS,v ha,ri<ov, alrat TrXa- 
 remark that " Aristophanes knew and felt y.a, could have been written by none but 
 more of the noble landscape character of an ardent lover of the hill scenerv one 
 his country than any whose works have who had watched hour after hour the pe- 
 come down to us, except Homer. Theindi- culiar oblique, side-long action of de- 
 viduahty and distinctness of conception," scending clouds, as they form alon^ the 
 he goes on to say, " the visible cloud cha- hollows and ra^nes of theTiUs Iher 
 racter which every Ime of this passage are no lumpish soHdities, no bXwy p"! 
 
THE CLOUDS. 31 
 
 Theseregions about. Streps. Where? point me themout. Socr. Theyare drifting,an infinite throng, 
 And their long shadows quake over valley and brake. Streps. Why, whatever's the matter to-day ? 
 Ican'tseethemabit. Socr. There, they'reclosebythepit. Streps. Ah,Ijustgotaglimpse,bytheway. 
 
 SooR. There, now you must see how glorious they be, or your eyes must be pumpkins, I vow. 
 
 Streps. Ai ! I see them proceed ; I should think so indeed : great powers ! they fill everything now. 
 
 Sock. So then till this day that celestials were they, you never imagined nor knew ? 
 
 Streps. Why, no, on my word, for I always had heard they were nothing but vapour and dew. 
 
 Socr. 0, then I declare, you can't be aware that 'tis these who the sophists protect. 
 
 Prophets sent beyond sea, quacks of every degree, fops signet-and-jewel-bedecked. 
 Astrological knaves, and fools who their staves of dithyrambs proudly rehearse, — 
 'Tis the Clouds who all these support at their^ease, because they exalt them in verse. 
 
 Streps. 'Tis for this then they write of ' the terrible might of the light-flashing, rain-splashing Cloud, 
 And 'the dankmatted curls, which theTempest God whirls,' and 'the blasts with their trumpets so loud. 
 And ' birds of the sky floating upwards on high,' and ' Clouds of first water, which drown 
 With their soft falling dew the great Ether so blue,' and then in return they gulp down 
 Huge cutlets of pike, and game if they Uke, most delicate game in its season. 
 
 Socr. And is it not right such praise to requite ? Streps. Ah, but tell me then what is the reason 
 That if, as you say, they are Clouds, they to-day are regular women and true? 
 
 , For the ones in the air are not women, I swear. Socr. Why, what do they seem then to you ? 
 
 Streps. I can't say very well, but they straggle and swell like fleeces spread out in the skies ; 
 
 Not like women they flit, no, by Zeus, not a bit, but these have mouths, noses, and eyes. 
 
 Socr. Well, nowthen, attend to this question, myfriend. Streps. Look sharp, and propound it to me. 
 
 Socr. Didst thou never espy a Cloud in the sky, which a centaur or leopard might be, 
 
 tuberances here. All is melting, drifting, of these victories, as is confirmed by his 
 evanescent, fuU of air, and light as dew." own epigram f$ eVi nevrliKovTa, SifjuaviSri, 
 329. KVK\tav xop""'] 'The cyclian j^pao raupow k.t.X. for a iwK was the prize 
 chorus,' says Bentley, (Phalaris i. 346. Ed. of dithyramb, as a ffoat was of tragedy, and 
 Dyce,) 'was the same with the dithyrambic. this is the reason why Pindar gives it the 
 There were three choruses belonging to epithet of 0o?;\aTj;s.' 
 Bacchus, the Ka/uKos, the rpayiKos, and the 342. ve<j)i\riv Kcvravpa o/ioiac] Person 
 
 kvkXios, the last of which had its prize refers to Shakespeare, Antony and Cleo- 
 and judges at the Dionysia, as the others patra, act 4, scene 12. 
 ^had. The famous Simonides won fifty-six 
 
 Antony. Sometimes we see a cloud that's dragonish, 
 A vapour, sometime, like a bear, or lion, &c. 
 
32 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ri 'rraphaXei rj XvKU) fj Tavpw ; 2T. vf] AC eyooy. eha ri tovto ; 
 
 212. yiiyvovrao -TrdvO' o ri ^ovXovtm- Kar rjv fiev tScotrt K0fii]T7jv, 
 
 aypiov Tiva tcov 'Kaaicov roincov, olovirep rbv Sevo^dvTov, 345 
 
 aKcoTTTovcrai ttjv fiaviav avrov KevTavpoc<; ijKacrav avTd<;. 
 
 ST. Ti yap, fjv apirwya rcov Brj/jLoirimv KariBcocn 'Si/Mcova, ri Bpcocriv ; 
 
 S/2. diro^aivovaai rr^v <j}iicnv avrov \vkoi i^ai^vq'i iyevovro. 
 
 ST. ravT apa, Tavra KXecovvfjiov avTai rbv pl^^aatnv %^e9 IBovaai, 
 
 on SeiXoTarov tovtov icopav, eKa^oi hid tovt iyevovro. 350 
 
 Si2. Koi vvv y on KXeiaBevi] elBov, opSf, Bid tovt iyivovTO yvvaiKe<;. 
 
 ST. ■)(aip6Te Toivvv, w Beatroivai' /cai vvv, eitrep rivi KdX\a>, 
 ovpavofJbrjKT] prj^aTe Ka/Moi (jjccvfjv, w Trafi^affiXeiai. 
 
 XO. %at/3', w trpea^vTa iraXaioyeve';, OrjpaTa \6ya>v (piXofiovercov 
 
 (TV Te, XeTTTOTdrav Xtjpcov lepev, (j)pd^e Trpo? rj/jid'i o ti 'Xpy^^i'S' 355 
 oil yap av aXXo) y {nraKovaaifiev rcov vvv nereaipocro^iarSiv 
 TrXrjv rj UpoBiKW, rw fiev ao^la'i koX yva)/ji7j<i ovveKa, crol Be, 
 
 Hamlet iii. 2 : the dedication to Swift's que scriptorem ista hausisse ex nativa et 
 
 Tale of a Tub : and Cicero de Div. ii. 21. propria vena. 
 
 (49). Dobree adds a fine passage from 349. KXeawfiov.] Cleonymus is again 
 
 Jeremy Taylor's Worthy Communicant, satirized for his effeminacy and other 
 
 near the beginning. Mr. Keble (Praelec- vices, infra 396, 659, etc. : and indeed in 
 
 tiones Aoademicae) observes, that some almost every extant comedy. In the Wasps 
 
 have thought the description in Lucretius, his cowardice in throwing away his shield 
 
 iv. 137, sq., to be borrowed from these lines is several times severely alluded to, es- 
 
 of Aristophanes : but, he adds very ju- peciaUy in the dialogue between the two 
 
 diciously, mihi magis credibile est, utrum- slaves at the begiuning. 
 
 Xanthias. Methought I saw 
 
 A mighty eagle flying towards the forum, 
 
 And in its talons up it caught a shield, 
 
 And bore it oiFin triumph to the sky: 
 ^ ^ind then— Cleonymus fled off" and dropt it 
 SosiAS. My stars ! Cleonymus is quite a riddle ! 
 
 And one will ask his neighbour at a dinner, 
 
 " What is that brute which throws away its shield, 
 
 In earth, in air, in water, — everywhere?" 
 Xanth. O me ! some evil hap will sure befall 
 
THE CLOUDS. 33 
 
 Or a wolf, or a cow ? Steeps. Very often, I vow : and shew me the cause, I entreat. 
 ,SocR, Why, I tell you that these become just what they please, and whenever they happen to meet 
 
 Xenophantes's heir with his long shaggy hair, or one of those monsters hirsute : 
 
 Forthwith they appear like Centaurs, to jeer the ridiculous look of the brute. 
 Steeps. What then do they do if Simon they view, that fraudulent harpy to shame ? 
 SocE. Why, his nature to shew to us mortals below, a wolfish appearance they frame. 
 Steeps. O, they then I ween having yesterday seen, Cleonymus quaking with fear, 
 
 (Him who threw off his shield as he iled from the field,) metamorphosed themselves into deer. 
 SocE. Yes, and now they espy soft Cleisthenes nigh, and therefore as women appear. 
 Steeps. then without fail. All hail ! and All hail ! my welcome receive ; and reply 
 
 With your voices so fine, so grand and divine, majestical Queens of the Sky ! 
 Choe. ^CTut welcome to thee, old man, who would see the marvels that science can shew : 
 
 And thou, the high-priest of this subtlety feast, say what would you have us bestow ? 
 
 Since there is not a sage for whom we'd engage our wonders more freely to do. 
 
 Except, it may be, for Prodicus : he for his knowledge may claim them, but you. 
 
 From such a dream. Sos. Nay, prithee, think not so : 
 Console yourself: 'twill be no harm, by heaven ! 
 Xanth. No harm to see a man throw off his shield 1 
 Cleisthenes too is mentioned in a similar the Sophists : he used to present lessons 
 tone, Achamians 118, 122 ; Knights, 137. of morality under an agreeable form: 
 Frogs, 48, 57, 483, and in the Thesmo- such a moral lesson was the well-known 
 phoriazusse. allegory of the Choice of Heracles.' He 
 
 357. HpoSiKft).] Prodicus, the Home was very fond of drawing subtle distino- 
 Tooke of Greece, as Mr. Sewell calls him, tions between words usually regarded as 
 was a native of Ceos, and a pupil of Pro- synonyms : see the Protagoras. Prodicus 
 tagoras. He seems to be mentioned here, is again mentioned in the parabasis of 
 says Bergler, honoris causa : and indeed the Aves ; again, as I think, honoris causa, 
 the Platonic Socrates uniformly speaks although Bergler thinks otherwise. I 
 with respect of Prodicus, ' who was,' as give the passage in Mr. Frere's transla- 
 Miiller says, 'the most respectable of all tion: ^ 
 
 We propose by and by 
 (If you'll listen and hear,) to make it all clear. 
 And Prodicus henceforth shall pass for a dunce. 
 When his doubts are explained and expounded at once. 
 This is merely a similar remark to the one about Thales, supra 180. 
 
 F 
 
34 NE0EAAI. 
 
 OTi ^pevOvei r iv ratcnv oSot? koI To}cj)daXfia> -rrapajSaXKefi , 
 
 KavvrrohrjToi; KaKa nroXK' avkyei Ka<^ rifuv aefjivoirpoaunrei^. 
 XT. S) Ffj rov <p6eyfJbaT0<;, co? lepov koX aefivov koX TejoarcoSe?. 360 
 
 Xfl. avTM yap rot fiovai elal Oeai- ToXXa Be iravT earl j>kvapo<;. 
 2T. o Zeii'; 8' rjfuv, (f>epe, Trpo? t?5? r?}?, ovKvfnno<i oii 6eo<; ea-nv ; 
 2/2. TTOto? Zev^ ; ov p-t] Xripri(jei<;' ovB' eart Zev<;. ST. rt Xeyeis crv ; 
 
 aXKa Ti<i vet, ; tovtI yap efioiy' aTro(pr]vac irpwrov anravTbiV. 
 S/2. ainat 8j? ttov fieyaXoK Se a ejo) arjfieioi'; avTo BiBd^co. 365 
 
 <pepe, TTOV yap ttcottot' dvev Net^eXcov vovt' '^Btj redeaaai ; 
 
 KavToi XPV'" aWpiw; veiv aiirov, ravTa<; B' dTroBrj/iieiv. 
 2T. vr] Tov ^AttoWq}, tovto ye roi Brj tui vvv Xoycp ev iTpocre(^vcTa'i' 
 
 KaiToi irpoTepov rov AC aX7]6co<; a>/j,7jv Bia KoaKivov ovpelv. 
 
 aX\' oari'i 6 j3povr5)v ecrn ippdcrov rovTO p,e iroiel rerpefiawew. 370 
 S/2. avrai ^povrSicrt, KvXivBSfievai. ST. ra rporra, 3) iravra aii roX/Mwv ; 
 2/2. orav i/j,'7rXrjcr6cb<7' vSaro<; ttoXXov KavayKaadcocri (pepeaOaL, 
 
 KaraKprj/j,vdp,evai 'TrXrjpei'i ofx^pov Bi dvdyKrjv, elra /3apelai 
 
 619 aXXrjXa'i efirriTrrovaai prjyvvvrai koX rrarayovaiv. 
 ST. 6 S' dvayKatfiiv ear\ rL<; avrd<;, ov^ 6 Zev'i, &are cpepeadai ; 375 
 
 S/2. rjKKTT, dXX' aldepw; Blvo^. ST. Aivos ; rovri /j,' iXeXtjOrj, 
 
 6 Zev<; ovK wv, dXX' dvr' avrov Alvo'^ vvvl /SaaiXevcov. 
 
 drdp ovBiv nrw ■jrepl rov rrardyov koI t>}9 l3povrri<; fi iBlBa^w;. 
 S/2. OVK TjKovad'; jxov ra? Nej>eXa<i vBaro<; fieard^ on, <prjfu 
 
 €p,7rL'jrrovaa<; ek dXXriXa^ irarayelv Bid rrjv -TTVKVorrjra ; 380 
 
 ST. (pepe rovrl rm -^PV 'Tiareveiv ; S/2. drrb aavrov "ym ere BiBd^ot. 
 
 rjB-ij ^(Ufiov IlavaBrjvaioK ep.TrXr]adeU elr erapdy6ri<; 
 
 rrjv yaarepa, koI kX6vo<; i^m'cjiVfjf avrrjv BieKopKopvyrjaev ; 
 
 376. Ali/of.J raira e'x rS,v 'Ara^ayopft'- Phtedo at 264, supr. Vortex, of course, 
 
 iov Xan^dvet. Scholiast. It was the theory is the Cartesian word, nor is its meaning 
 
 of Anaxagoras, says Diogenes Laertius, ii. in that philosophy very dissimilar from 
 
 iii. 12. o)f 6 oipaTOs eV 'Xidtav avyKeoiTo- its meaning in the text. 
 rfi acjyoSpa 8^ TrfptSij-iJafi irvvfo-rdum. 380. 7TVKv6Tr,Ta.] nvKv6Tr,s appears 
 
 Compare the passage quoted from the from a passage of Aristotle, quoted by 
 
THE CLOUDS. 35 
 
 Because as you go, you glance to and fro, and in dignified arrogance float, 
 
 And think shoes a disgrace, and put on a grave face, your acquaintance with us to' ^denote. 
 Streps. Oh Earth ! what a sound, how august and profound ! it fills me with wonder and awe. 
 SocR. These, these then alone, for true Deities own, the rest are all God-ships of straw. 
 Strjeps, Let Zeus be left .out : He's a God beyond doubt : come, that you can scarcely deny. 
 Sock. Zeus, indeed! there's no Zeus: don't you be so obtuse. Streps. No Zeus up aloft in the sky! 
 
 Then, you first must explain, who it is sends the rain ; or I really must think you are wrong. 
 SocR. Well then, be it known, these send it alone : I can prove it by arguments strong. 
 
 Was there ever a shower seen to fall in an hour when the sky was all cloudless and blue ? 
 
 Yet on a fine day, when the Clouds are away, he might send one, according to you. 
 Streps. Well, it must be confessed, that chimes in with the rest : your words I am forced to believe. 
 
 Yet before, I had dreamed that the rain-water streamed from Zeus and his chamber-pot sieve. 
 But whence then, my friend, does the thunder descend ? that does make me quake with affright ! 
 SocR. Why 'tis they, I declare, a s they roll through the air. Streps . Wliat the Cloud s ? did I hear you aright ? 
 SocR. Ay : for when to the brim filled with water they swim, by Necessity carried along. 
 
 They are hung up on high in the vault of the sky, and so by Necessity strong 
 " In the midst of their course, they clash with great force, and thunder away without end. 
 Streps. But is it not He who compels this to be ? does not Zeus this Necessity send ? 
 SoCR. No Zeus have we there, but aYortex of air. Streps. What! Vortex? that's something, I own. 
 
 I knew not before, that Zeus was no more, but Vortex was placed on his throne ! 
 
 But I have not yet heard to what cause you referred the thunder's majestical roar. 
 SooR. Yes, 'tis they, when on high full of water they fly, and then, as I told you before. 
 
 By Compression impelled, as they clash, are compelled a terrible clatter to make. 
 Streps. Come, how can that be ? I really don't see. Socr. Yourself as my proof I will take. 
 
 Have you never then ate the broth-puddings you get when the Panathensea comes round. 
 
 And felt with what might your bowels all night in turbulent tumult resound ? 
 
 Spanheim ad v. 374, to be the correct curs again immediately after, 
 
 philosophical word for this compression : 382. Uavad-qvaiois.] fVci ev to'is Ilara- 
 
 ovTws yap iv rots ve^eiTi yiyvoiiivr) fj roC drjmiois nacrai ai ano tS>v 'Adrjvwv diroi- 
 
 jTVciJ/iaT-os €KKpi(ns npos ttjv ivvKvoTrtTa KKrBeitTai wokeis Povv rvBrjcrofifvov mennou, 
 
 Tmv v£cl>Siv ifimnTova-a irotei rrjv ^povrrjv. avvi^aivm a^Bovlav eXvai Kp^av. Scholiast. 
 Meteor, ii. 19 ; and the same expression oc- 
 
 f2 
 
36 NE0EAAI. 
 
 HT. VT) rov 'AttoXKco, koX Sewa irooei y ev6v<; fioo, Koi TerdpaKTai, 
 
 yaicnrep ^povrr) to ^(Ofilhiov Trarcuyel koX heiva /ceKpayev 385 
 
 arpep,m "KpSnov TraTnra^ Tra-jrira^, KonrevT eirdyei TraTrairira^, 
 ySirav %6'fft), Kop^oBrj ^povra TraTraTraTnra^, oioirep eKeivat. 
 
 Xfl. (TKeyfrai, Toivvv diro jaaTpiSiov tvvvovtovI ola TreTTopBa^- 
 
 rov 8' dipa tovS' ovt d-rrepavrov, ttw? ovk elKO<i p^iya ^povTav ; 
 Tavr' apa mil rwvopaT dWijXoLv, ^povrr) Kal -rropBri, op^oim. 390 
 
 5r. aXX' Kepavvo<i voOev av ^eperat. Xdp-rrcov irvpl, tovto BiBa^ov, 
 Kal KaTa(f)pvyei, ^dXKwv rjp,d<;, Toij^ Be i^oivra'; vept,<p\vei. 
 rovTov yap Br) (j)avepw 6 Zevs irjor' eirl Tohi eTnopKov<;. 
 
 2fl. Kal TTW?, w pwpe (TV Kal Kpoviwv 6^a>v Kal ^eKKeaeXrjve, 
 
 eiTrep ^dWei rov? iiTLopKov^, ttw? ou)(l '2ip(ov iverrprfcrev 395 
 
 ovBe KXewvvpov ovBe Oempov ; KavTOb a(j)6Bpa y eta eiriopKOi' 
 dXKd Tov avTov ye vewv /3dX\,et Kal " ^ovviov dxpov ^Adrjvetov 
 
 393. iirl Toiis eiTwpKovs.] The terrors of the English reader I give the passage 
 of a guilty conscience are finely depicted from Gifford's noble translation. 
 by Juvenal, Sat. xiii. 223. For the benefit 
 
 These, these are they, who tremble and turn pale, 
 
 At the first mutterings of the hollow gale ! 
 
 Who sink with terror at the transient glare 
 
 Of meteors glancing through the turhid air! 
 
 Oh, 'tis not chance, they cry : this hideous crash 
 
 Is not the war of winds : nor this dread flash 
 
 The encounter of dark clouds : but blasting fire 
 
 Charged with the wrath of heaven's insulted Sire ! 
 
 That dreaded peal, innoxious, dies away : 
 
 Shuddering, they wait the next with more dismay, 
 
 As if the short reprieve were only sent 
 
 To add new horrors to their punishment. 
 In his note, GiiFord quotes Lucretius v. thunderstorm,'' asks that poet, 
 1221. "Under the effects of a terrible 
 
 Non populi, gentesque trement ? regesque superbi 
 
 Conripiunt divum perculsi membra timore, 
 
 Ne quod ob admissum foede dictumve superbe 
 
 Pcenarum grave sit solvendi tempus adactum ? 
 Persius, ii. 24, indignantly repudiates the either does not see or else winks at their 
 idea that the escape of the guilty from iniquity, 
 the thunderbolt indicates that Providence 
 
THE CLOUDS. 37 
 
 Streps. By Apollo, 'tis true, there's a mighty to-do, and my belly keeps rumbling about ; 
 
 And the puddings begin to clatter within and to kick up a wonderful rout : 
 
 Quite gently at first, papapax, papapax, but soon pappapappax away, 
 
 Till at last, I'll be bound, I can thunder as loud, papapappappapappax, as They./ 
 SocR. Shalt thou then a sound so loud and profound from thy belly diminutive send, 
 
 And shall not the high and the infinite Sky go thundering on without end ? \ 
 
 For both, you will find, on an impulse of wind and similar causes depend. ' '\ 
 Streps. Well,buttellmefrom"W"homcomestheboltthroughthegloom,withitsawfulandterribleflaslies; 
 
 And wherever it turns, some it singes and burns, and some it reduces to ashes ! 
 
 Eor this 'tis quite plain, let who will send the rain, that Zeus against perjurers dashes. 
 SocR. And how, you old fool of a dark-ages school, and an antediluvian wit. 
 
 If the perjured they strike, and not all men alike, have they never Cleonymus hit ? 
 
 Then of Simon again, and Theorus explain : known perjurers, yet they escape. 
 
 But he smites his own shrine with these arrows divine, and ' Sunium, Attica's cape,' 
 
 394. Kpovlav,'] ea-Ti Kpovia napa tois firivi. Scholiast. 
 EWrjaiv ioprr), ra wapa 'PafialoLs KoKov- 397. tov avTov ye i/ttov.] Brunck quotes 
 
 fueva SarovpvaKia. TJyero 8e 'EKaTOfiPamvt Lucretius vi. 416. 
 
 Postremo cur sancta Deum delubra suasque 
 
 Discutit infesto praeclaras fulmine sedes, 
 
 Et bene facta Defim frangit simulacra? suisque 
 
 Demit imaginibus violento vulnere honorem ? 
 
 To this I add Lucian, Jupiter Confut. ii. kouo-i/s ; iviorc 8e xPV'^'''"'' "''" *"' oo-iok 
 p. 638, (quoted by Koenig, at Persius ii. 68oi7r6pov ; ri iriamas, h Zei, Pj oiSe tovt6 
 27,) ri 8V" rois UpoiriXovs koX Xrif^rhs ^^ g^^^^ ^jj^^^j . ^g^ jj^^et Jupiter, adds 
 d(j)evTes, Koi too-ovtovs v^piaras koI fiiaiovs Koenig, quod respondeat : — and Lord By- 
 Koi emopKovs, Spvv nva noXKaKis Kcpav- ron's Sardanapalus, act 2. scene 1. 
 voOre, fj \i6ov, rj vcas iarov, ovSev dSi- 
 
 Sardanapalus. Say, Myrrha, 
 
 Art thou of those who dread the roar of Clouds ? 
 Myrrha. In my own country we respect their voices 
 
 As auguries of Jove. Sard. Jove ! — ay, your Baal. 
 
 Ours also has a property in thunder, 
 
 And ever and anon some falling bolt 
 
 Proves his divinity, and yet sometimes 
 
 Strikes his own altars. 
 
 The phrase toiviov axpov '\6rjvav, is quoted from Homer, Odyssey, iii. 278. 
 'AAA' 8t6 "Sioiviov Ipov aupiKd/ieS', &Kpov 'A.8rivwv. 
 
38 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Kol ra? hpw Ta? fi€ja\a'i' to fiadobv ; ov yap Brj Bpv<; <y eiruopicet. 
 
 I,T. ovK olS'- arap ev (TV Xeyeov (f>aivei,. tL yap iartv Srjd' 6 Kepavvo<; ; 
 
 2/2. OTav ek Tama'^ av6fio<; ^tjpo? fxerempLaOel'; KaraKkeLcrdy, 400 
 
 evhodev avTCL^ wairep Kvtnw (fivaa, Kaireud' inr' a.vdjKr]<; 
 ptj^a^ avTa<; e^co (jyiperao ao^apo's Sta rrjv TrvKVorriTa, 
 vwo Tov poi^Sov Kol TTjii pvfiTj^ avTO<; eavTov KUTaKacmv. 
 
 ST. vi] AT, eyo) yovv arevv^'i eiraOov tovtI iroje AMaioicnv. 
 
 wTTTmv yodTepa rot? crvyyeveaov, kSt ovk ecr')((ov afieKrjcra<;' 405 
 
 7] 8' dp ec^vaar, elr i^aicf>V7j'; hiaXaKrjaaaa it pa's avTW 
 TO)(jida\fjia> jjiov •n-poaeri'Kjjcrev xal KareKavcrev to irpoa-wTTOv. 
 
 XO. & T?5? jjLeyakr]'; i-TnOv/j^ijcra'; cro<pM<;, covdpanre, Trap' rj/icov, 
 m? evSalfiav ev 'AdrivaloK Kal Tol'i"EXX,rjai yevrjaei, 
 el fivrjjjLcav el Kal cppovTi,a-Trj<; Kal to TaXalirapov eveaTiv 410 
 
 ev TTJ ■^v-^y, Kal jxr] Kdfivei<; fi/jd' Icrrcb? fi'^Te ^aSi^wv, 
 fiTjTe piywv d-)(9et \iav, /j,ijt' dpiaTav iTTiOvfj.ei'i, 
 olvov T dnreyei Kal yvfivaalmv Kal rcov dWeov dvmjTtov, 
 Kal j3eKTiaTov tovto vofii^eK, oirep elKO<; Se^ibv dvBpa, 
 viKUV -TrpaTTCov Kal jBovKevwv Kal tTj yXcoTTy TroXe/ML^av ; 415 
 
 ST. dXX' eveKev ye '>p'V)(7]^ aTeppa<; hvcTKoXoKovTov re fiepifivT]^, 
 Kal (peiScoXov Kal Tpvai^iov yacnpo^ Kal Bv/M/SpeTTiSeiTTvov, 
 d/u,e\ei, dappcbv, ovveKa tovtwv e'7n')(aXKeveiv 'Trapi'xpi.fj,' dv. 
 
 401. Kvcrnv.] Bergler quotes a passage commentary upon this, 
 from Lucretius, vi. 124, which is a mere 
 
 Quem subito validi venti collecta procella 
 Nubibus intorsit sese, conclusaque ibidem 
 Turbine versanti magis ac magis undique uubem 
 Cogit nti fiat spisso cava corpore circum ; 
 Post, ubi commovit vis ejus et impetus acer. 
 Turn perterricrepo sonitu dat mista fragorem : 
 Nee mirum, quum plena animse vesicula parva 
 Sfepe ita dat pariter sonitum displosa repente. 
 
 The same scholar compares the a^Tos iavrou i- 126. It was celebrated in March, which 
 
 KaraKaiav, with the ipse sua nam Mo- occasions my translation ' one Spring.' 
 bilitate calescit of Lucretius, vi. 277. 410. /ij/^^ac] " One of the chief in- 
 
 404. Ama-la.] cf. infra 855, Thucydides tellectual faculties which Plato, like other 
 
THE CLOUDS. 39 
 
 And the ancient gnarled oaks: now what prompted those strokes? They never forswore I should say. 
 
 Streps. Can't say that they do: your words appear true. Whence comes then the thunderbolt, pray? 
 
 SocE. When a wind that is dry, being lifted on high, is suddenly pent into these, 
 
 It swells up their skin, like a bladder, within, by Necessity's changeless decrees : 
 
 TiU compressed very tight, it bursts them outright, and away with an impulse so strong, 
 
 That at last by the force and the swing of its course, it takes fire as it whizzes along. 
 
 Steeps. That's exactly the thing that I suffered one Spring, at the great feast of Zeus, I admit : 
 I'd a paunch in the pot, but I wholly forgot about making the safety-vglve «lit. 
 So it spluttered and^weUed, while the saucepan I held, till at last with a vengeance it flew : 
 Took me quite by surprise, dung-bespattered my eyes, and scalded my face black and blue ! 
 
 Choe. thou who wouldst fain great wisdom attain, and comest to us in thy need. 
 
 All Hellas around shall thy glory resound, such a prosperous hfe thou shalt lead : 
 
 So thou art but endued with a memory good, and accustomed profoundly to think. 
 
 And thy soul wilt inure all wants to endure, and from no undertaking to shrink. 
 
 And art hardy and bold, to bear up against cold, and with patience a supper thou losest : 
 
 Nor too much dost inchne to gymnastics and wine, but all lusts of the body refusest : 
 
 And esteemest it best, what is always the test of a truly intelligent brain. 
 
 To prevail and succeed whensoever you plead, and hosts of tongue-conquests to gain. 
 
 Streps. But as far as a sturdy soul is concerned and a horrible restless care. 
 
 And a belly that pines and wears away on the wretchedest, frugalest fare. 
 You may hammer and strike as long as you like ; I am quite invincible there. 
 
 ancient philosophers, proposed to exercise 413. dyo^i-Mj/.] Voluptatum qu£e ad 
 
 and develope, was memory, — \i.vr)\i.oviia]v corpus referuntur. Kuster after the Scho- 
 
 miTipi ^rjTainev Sclv etvai. Rep. vi. 486 D. : liast. 
 
 a faculty of importance at any time, both 418. emx'^'KKcwiv,'] Compare the line 
 for practical purposes and as exhibiting of Aristophon quoted by Bp. Blomfield, 
 strength of mind, but then absolutely ne- ad ^sch. Pers. 51, iav 8e {Serj) vTrofievuv 
 cessaryinthedeficiency of books." Sewell, TrXrjyas, ok/xcoi/ ; the ferrea pectora Vecti 
 Dialogues of Plato, p. 215. Compare in- of Juvenal, vii. 150 : and the nickname 
 fra, 471. Instances of this kind might be x^^i'^^^P"^' acquired by the great gram- 
 multiplied to any extent. Suffice it to say marian, Didymus of Alexandria, from his 
 once for all, that Aristophanes uniformly unwearied powers of application. Cf. also 
 displays the precisest acquaintance with the Sohol. Cruq. ad Horace, Sat. I. viii. 39. 
 Socratic phraseology. api4 Doering. 
 
425 
 
 40 NE4>EAAI. 
 
 Sfi. aXko ri Brjr ovv vofii.el<i fihrj 6eov ovUva ttX 
 
 T^ Xdo<; tovtI Kal to? Ne<f,i\ai Kal t^v yXo)TTav, rpua ™v-i „ , 420 
 ^T. ov8' av hia\exeelr)v y arexvw rots aXXoK, ovS' av diravTrnv 
 
 ovB' av OiKTaifj:, ovB' av o-Treto-at/t', ovB' eTndeivv Xi^avcoTOV. 
 XO. X^ye vvv rjiuv o rt croi Bpco/u^ev dappcov, <»? ovk aTVxna'ei'<!> 
 
 rjnm TC/J-aiv Kal 6avfj,d^mv Kal ^tjtcov Sefto? ehai. 
 ST. S> Biairoivai, heofiai tolvvv v/mmv tovtI Trdvv fxiKpov, 
 
 Toiv 'EWrjvoiv ehai /tie Xeyeiv eKarov cTTaBioiaiv apiaTOV. 
 XO. aXX' eaTai (toi tovto 'Trap" tj/jLcov Mcrre to Xoottov j a-rro tovSI 
 
 iv rm Br)iJi,a> yvco/jLat; ovSeh voKijcrei 7fKeLova<; rj av. 
 'ST. nrj ixoi ye Xeyeiv yvwp.a'; p,eydXar ov yap TOinav iiridvfiS), 
 
 dXX' oct' ifJLavTM crrpe-^oBi^Kriirai, Kal tov? p^pijo-ra? BioXiadelv. 430 
 XO. T6u^6t rolvvv Siv Ifieipeor ov yap fieydXoDV e-TriOviie'l';. 
 
 dXXa aeavTov TrapdBo'; dappcov rot? ^/ierepot? TrpoTToXoia-i. 
 ST. Bpda-co Tovd' vfjiiv TnaTevaar r] yap dvdyKr) fie inkt,ei 
 
 Bid Tov<; iTTTTOvi roiKs KOvrraTia'i Kal top ydfiov, os fi eireTpv^^ev. 
 
 vvv ovv ^p97cr6a)i' o rt /BovXovTai. 435 
 
 tovtI to 7' efiov arwfji avroiaiv 
 
 Trape^o) rviTTeiv, 'neivriv, Bi-^v, 
 
 av^J^eiv, piySiv, octkov Baipeiv, 
 
 e'lTvep rd xpea Biaipev^ovp-ai, 
 
 Toi? dv6pd)7roi,<; t elvat, Bo^co 440 
 
 dpaav<;, evyXcoTTO^, ToXfxrjpo^, I'tt/?, 
 
 /3BeXvpb<;, -^evBwv avyKoXXTiTrji;, 
 
 evpr]aie'7rrj<;, Treplrpififia Bikwv, 
 
 KvpjSK, KporaXov, KivaBoi, rpvfirj, ' 
 
 fida-OXri';, elpwv, yXoib^, dXa^cjv, 445 
 
 444. Kvp^is.] The best explanation or four sides, on each of which sides the 
 
 1 have seen of this, is given in Colonel laws were written from top to bottom. 
 
 Mure's recent History of Greek literature. Each box or set of tables so connected, 
 
 iii.417. " The <vp^ns, (lawboxes,)" he says, turned upon a pivot or axis in the centre, 
 
 "were tables formed of oblong slabs of for convenience of consultation, hence their 
 
 wood or metal fixed together, so as to familiar name of axles, Shoves. It is pos- 
 
 present the appearance of boxes of three sible, perhaps probable, that the wooden 
 
THE CLOUDS. 41 
 
 SocE, Now then you agree in rejecting with me the Gods you believed in when young, 
 
 And my creed you'll embrace ' Ibelieve in wide Space, in the Clouds, in the eloquent Tongue! 
 Streps. If I happened to meet other God.in the street, I'd shew the cold shoulder, I vow. 
 
 No libation I'll pour : not one victim more on their altars I'll sacrifice now. 
 Choe. Now be honest and true, and say what we shall do : since you never shall fail of our aid. 
 
 If you hold us most dear in devotion and fear, and will ply the philosopher's trade. 
 Stkeps. Ladies Divine, small ambition is mine : I only most modestly seek. 
 
 Out and out for the rest of my life to be best of the children of Hellas to speak. 
 Choe. Say no more of your care, we have granted your prayer : and know from this moment, that none 
 More acts shall pass through in the People than you : such favour from us you have won. 
 Steeps. Not acts, if you please : I want nothing of these : this gift you may quickly withdraw ; 
 
 But I wish to succeed, just enough for my need, and to slip through the clutches of law. 
 Choe. This then you shall do, for your wishes are few : not many nor great your demands. 
 
 So away with all care from henceforth, and prepare to be placed in our votaries' hands. 
 Streps. This then will I do, confiding in you, for Necessity presses me sore. 
 
 And so sad is my life, 'twixt my cobs and my wife, that I cannot put up with it more. 
 So now, at your word, I give and afford 
 My body to these, to treat as they please, 
 To have and to hold, in squalor, in cold. 
 In hunger and thirst, yea by Zeus, at the worst. 
 To be flayed out of shape from my heels to my nape 
 So along with my hide from my duns I escape. 
 And to men may appear without conscience or fear. 
 Bold, hasty, and wise, a concocter of Hes, 
 A rattler to speak, a dodger, a sneak, 
 A regular claw of the tables of law, 
 A shuffler complete, well worn in deceit, 
 A supple, unprincipled, troublesome cheat; 
 
 ones may have been solid blocks of wood, best form of government, he replied, ' that 
 
 presenting three or four polished surfaces, of the revolving tables :' in other words. 
 
 These tables were common both to the that regulated by a fixed code of written 
 
 laws of Draco and of Solon. There is a laws." Timseus Gloss, on Plato, defines 
 
 saying recorded of Pittacus, (Diog. Laert. ^^^^jy to ^f^ q-t^Xi; r(,[yavo<! irvpafioiiSris, 
 
 in vit. Pitt. 77.) that when asked by the ^^^^^^ «^„„^„ ^^p> eeS,.. 
 king of Lydia what he considered the 
 
42 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Kevrpwv, iJ,iapo<;, arpojiK, apyaXio';, 
 
 fxarTVokoixo'i- 
 
 ravT el fie KoXovcr' airavrSiVTe';, 
 
 SpavTcnv dre'yya)'; 6 n ')(py^ovai,V 
 
 Kel j3ov\ovTai,, *^" 
 
 vrj rrjv ArjjjkrjTp eV fiov ')(pphr]V 
 
 Tol^ (f)povTi,crTai,<; ivapadevTwv. 
 XO. Xrjfia /jbev Trdpeari rSSe y 
 
 oi/K UToXfjiov, dX\! eTOifiov. tcrdt, S' ta? 
 
 ravra jxadoav trap ifiov KXio'i ovpav6/J.7]Ke<; 455 
 
 iv ^poToiaiv e^eK. 
 ST. tL TTelao/MM ; XO. tov irdvTa 'xpovov fier efiov 
 
 ^rjXcoTOTaTOV ^iov dvOpdvcov Sid^eii;. 
 ST. dpd rye tovt dp' eyco ttot o-\jfOfJ,ai, ; 
 XO. ware ye aov -n-oXkovs evl ralcn Ovpai'i del KaBrjadai, 460 
 
 l3ovXofi€Vov<; dvaKoivovadai re Kol e? Xoyov eXQelv, 
 
 TTpdy/jiaTa KdvTiypa(pd<; iroXXSiv raXavTCOV 
 
 d^M afi <^pevl av/jL^ovXevcTOjjievov? fierd aov. 
 
 dXX' iy)(e[pei tov 'rrpea^vTr^v o Ti irep //.eXXet? TrpoBiBdaKeiv, 
 
 Kol ScaKLveo top vovv avTov, koL tj}? yvd)/ji.rj<; dTTOTTeipw. 465 
 
 Sfi. dye Srj, KaTeiire /moi ai) tov aavTov Tpoirov, 
 
 'iv avTOV et'So)? oaTi's eVrl fiTjj^avds 
 
 rjhrj 'lii tovtoi^ Tfpo? ere Katvd^ Trpoa^epw. 
 ST. to Se ; Tet')(oix,a')^e2v fioi Siavoel, Trpo? tuv OeSsv ; 
 Sfl- ovK, dXXd /Bpa'x^ea aov irvdeaOai, /SovXofiat., 470 
 
 el p,vr]fioviKb<; el. ST. Svo Tpoiro) vrj tov Ala- 
 
 rjv fiev y o^eiXrjTai tL fioi, fivqiMcov irdvv, 
 
 idv B' ocpeiXo), o-^erXto?, eiriXiqaiMCiv Trdvv. 
 2/2. eveaTi BrJTd aoi Xeyeiv iv ttj (f)vaei ; 
 
 447. )iaTTvoKoix6s.~\ Dindorf objects would not have come into use at Athens 
 to fiaTTvoXoixos, which is Bentley's con- until the New Comedy. Yet it was also 
 jecture for fjLanu\ocxos, on the ground that a Spartan word, (Mi'iUer's Dorians, Intro- 
 it is a Macedonian word, and therefore duction, § 3, note k,) and apparently also a 
 
THE CLOUDS. 43 
 
 A hang-dog accurst, a bore with the worst. 
 In the tricks of the jury-courts thoroughly versed. 
 If all that I meet this praise shall repeat, 
 Work away as you choose, I will nothing refuse, 
 Without any reserve, from my head to my shoes. 
 You shan't see me wince though my gutlets you mince. 
 And these entrails of mine for a sausage combine. 
 Served up for the gentlemen students to dine. 
 Chob. Well said, old man, thy soul is great ; 
 I love a heart that smiles at fate. 
 Do this for me, and thou shalt be 
 Known unto fame eternally. 
 Streps. Known where ? Choe. With us in bliss divine 
 
 An envied life for aye is thine. 
 Streps. O that I may behold that day. 
 Chor. Then round thy doors shall many a client Hnger, 
 With pleas and briefs thy counsel to retain. 
 And deep the riches thou ma/st hope to finger ; 
 Vast though thy wisdom, vaster far thy gain. 
 Here, take the old man, and do all that you can, your new-fashioned thoughts to instil. 
 And stir up his mind with your notions refined, and test him with judgment and skill. 
 SocR. Come now, you tell me something of your habits : 
 For if I don't know them, I can't determine 
 What engines I must bring to bear upon you. 
 Streps. Eh ! what ? Not going to storm me, by the Gods ? 
 SoCR. No, no : I want to ask you a few questions. 
 
 First : is your memory good ? Steeps. Two ways, by Zeus : 
 If I'm owed anything, I'm mindful, very : 
 But if I owe, (Oh ! dear,) forgetful, very. 
 SoCR. Well then : have you the gift of speaking in you ? 
 
 Cretan one. (Id. book iii. eh. 10. § 6.) Nor piesmnption against its use by a Comic 
 would the fact of its not yet being com- writer, 
 pletely domesticated at Athens, be any 
 
 G 3 
 
485 
 
 41, NE^EAAI. 
 
 ST. Xejeiv fxev om evear', aTroffrepelv S' evi. 
 
 Sn. TTW? ovv Bvv7]aeL fiavddveiv ; ST. afiiXei., koXm';. 
 
 Sn. aye vvv oiTeo<;, orav tl -Trpo/SaXaixai croipov 
 
 irepl Twv fJieTewpcov, evde(o<; vcpapTrdaeo. 
 ST. tL Bai ; KvvrjBbv ttjv ao^lav aiTijaop.ai ; 
 Sfi. av0pQ}Tro<; dfia6t]<; ovrocrl Koi pdpj3apo'i, 480 
 
 BehoLKO. a, S) TTpea^vra, fMrj nrXrijaiv Ser;. 
 
 4>ep I'Sw, Tt 8/oa?, ^v Tt9 o-e rvirTy ; ST. TVTTTop-M, 
 
 /caTretr' iiricrx.^v oKiyov e7np,apTvpofiai, 
 
 eIt aWil aKaprj BcaXoircdv BiKci^ofiai. 
 Sfl. tdi vvv, KaTadov OolfiaTLOV. ST. riBiicnKa Tt ; 
 
 Sfl- ovK, aXXd jvfivoii'; eiacevai vofii^erai. 
 ST. aXX' ouxj' (fxopdacov eywy' elaepxof^ai,. 
 Sfl. KardBov. riXripel'^ ; ST. elire Br) vvv fi.oi toBl- 
 
 r)v eirifiekrj'i o) koX irpodvfMCO'; [xavOdvai, 
 
 TO) Tuv fiaOrjTwv efM<f>ep'!j<i 'yevi^aopLai ; 190 
 
 Sfl. ovBev Btoiaei<i Xaipe(J3(J!)VT0<i ttjv (f)vcri.v. 
 ST. o'l/jLOi KaKoBalpLtov, r^pnOvri^ <yevy)a-ofj,ai. 
 Sfl. ov 1X7] Xaki^aeif, dW' dicoKov6'^aei<; efiol 
 
 dvvaa<; n Bevpl BdrTov ; ST. e? tw %eipe vvv 
 
 So? fioi, fieXiTOVjrav m-pcnepov o)9 BeBoiK ijco 495 
 
 e'laco Kara^alvcov ciairep et? Tpocf)coviov. 
 Sfl. X'^P^''' ''"' i^^'^Td^ei'; excov irepl ttjv 6vpav ; 
 XO. dW' Wi ^atpwy TTj? dvBpeta<i 
 
 ovveica ravrr]';. 
 
 evTvx^C' yevoLTO rdv- 500 
 
 487. 4>a>pacrav.'] The Scholiast explains consult the famous oracle of Trophonius 
 
 the allusion thus : when one man charged in the Lebadean cave, took honied cakes 
 
 another with a theft, and went to search in their hand, to appease, says the Scho- 
 
 his house, he was bound to lay aside his liast, the serpents which haunted the spot, 
 
 upper garments, lest he should privately rots eVcT e/Kpikoxi^pova-iv ocpea-tv. 
 convey into the dwelling of the accused 500. The Parabasis.] A regular Para- 
 
 the thing asserted to be stolen. basis is composed of five parts : first, the 
 
 495. /ifXiToCT-Tay.J They who went to Kommation, or opening air, which extends 
 
THE CLOUDS. 45 
 
 Streps. The gift of speaking, no : of cheating, yes. 
 
 SocR. No ? how then can you learn ? Streps. 0, well enough. 
 
 SocR. Then when I throw you out some clever notion 
 
 About the laws of nature, you must catch it. 
 Streps. What ! must I snap up sapience, in dog-fashion ? 
 SocR, ! why the man's an ignorant old savage : 
 
 I fear, my friend, that you'll require the whip. 
 
 Come, if one strikes you, what do you do ? Streps. I'm struck : 
 
 Then in a little while I call my witness : 
 
 Then in another little while I summon him. 
 SocR. Put off your cloke. Streps. Why, what have I done wrong ? 
 SocR. O, nothing, nothing : all go in here naked. 
 Steeps. Well, but I have not come with a search-warrant.. 
 SocR. Pool ! throw it off. Streps. Well, tell me this one thing ; 
 
 If I'm extremely careful and attentive. 
 
 Which of your students shall I most resemble ? 
 SocR. Why Chserephon. You'll be his very image. 
 Steeps. What ! I shall be half-dead ! me, poor devil. 
 SocR. Don't chatter there, but come and foUow me ; 
 
 Make haste now, quicker, here. Streps. 0, but do first 
 
 Give me a honied cake : Zeus ! how I tremble, 
 
 To go down there, as if to see Trophonius. 
 SocR. Go on ! why stand you pottering round the door, 
 Chor. Yes ! go, and succeed, and may all the Gods speed 
 So manly a deed ! 
 
 May good fortune help thee through, 
 
 in this case from 1. 500 to 1. 506 : then the entirely omitted, but its nature may be 
 
 Parabasis Proper, which is usually com- guessed from the system, infra 996 — 1001. 
 
 posed of the long anapaestic verses called These are succeeded by the strophe, a 
 
 Aristophanic, but in the present instance lyrical song to the Gods, and the epir- 
 
 of the metre EupoUdeus Polyschema- rhema, which is usually a satire upon some 
 
 tistus ; and then the Pnigos, or Macron, public error, contained in trochaic verses, 
 
 so called from its having to be pronounced and these again by an antistrophe, and 
 
 by the actor in one breath ; this is here antepirrhema of the same description. 
 
505 
 
 4,6 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Opm-rrw, oTi "rrporjKwv 
 
 vecoTepoti rrjv (pvatv av- 
 
 rov trpayiiaaiv ^(pwri^eTai, 
 
 Kol ao(plav iiracTKei. 
 
 S) Oecofievoi, Karepo) Trpo? u/xas eKevdepaxi 
 
 Ta\.r]6r], vt] tov Aiovvaov tov eKdpi-^avTd jie. 
 
 ovTQ) VLKrjcjaifii t' e'7w koX vojji,t,^oi/jLr]v ao^o<s, 
 
 £0? v/iS? Tj'yovfievo'i elvai 6eaTa<; Be^i.ov<; 
 
 Koi TavTTjv aocficoTaT' ex^iv tmv ifiuv Ka)fi(pBt.S>v, 510 
 
 ■TrpatTOv; r^^laxr ava/yevcr v/jlus, rj T-apecr^^e /moi 
 
 epyov -ifKelaTOV elr ave'^copovv im avBpcov (popTOKcov 
 
 ijTTTjdeh, ovK a^io<i mv tuvt ovv vfitv fiefKpofiai 
 
 T0i9 ao(jiol<;, wv ovveic iyco ravT eTj-par/fiarevofiTiv. 
 
 aXX' ovB' o)? v/jLwv TToO' kicoiv TrpoBaxrco tov<; Se^tow. 515 
 
 e^ oTov <yap ivdaS' vtt avBpwv, oh rjBv Kal Xiyeiv, 
 
 6 <r<i)(f>p(ov re ^&) Korairv^wv apiuT TjKovcraTrjv, 
 
 Ko/yo}, 7rap6evo<; r^ap eV rj, kovk e^r)V 'tto) fj.01, rsKelv, 
 
 i^WrjKa, TTttt? S' irepa tis Xa^ova aveiXero, 
 
 uyLtet? 8' e^edpki^aTe 'yevvaiw'; KairaiBevcraTe' 520 
 
 e« TovTov fioi iridTa "Trap' vfuv yvcofiT]'; ecrO opKia. 
 
 vvv ovv 'HXeKTpav KaT eicelv'r]v »jS' rj KtofiutBla 
 
 ^rjTovcr r]Xd\ rjv itov 'iriTuxv dearaU ovto) ao<pol<;- 
 
 The most important part of all was the could more accurately describe the objects 
 
 Parabasis Proper, the place of which was of the Parabasis on which we are now en- 
 
 in the last century fully supplied by the tering. 
 
 prologues of plays, if we may trust the 517. o o-to^pmv re x" KaTairvyav.^ 
 account of Fielding, (Tom Jones, xvi. 1.) The two principal characters in his earliest 
 who says that they were " aU written on comedy, the AaixaXeh, or the Feasters. 
 the same three topics, viz., an abuse of the The following account of that play rests 
 taste of the town, a condemnation of all chiefly on the authority of M tiller's His- 
 contemporary authors, and an eulogium tory of Greek Literature, chap. 28. The 
 on the performance just about to be re- early comedies of Aristophanes, were pro- 
 presented." It will be seen that no words duced before he was old enough to allow 
 
THE CLOUDS. 47 
 
 Thou, who at an age like thine, 
 Seekest with discoveries new 
 Thine old nature to imbue. 
 
 In philosophy to shine. 
 
 Spectators, I will utter honest truths with accents free, 
 Yea ! by mighty Dionysus, Him who bred and nurtured me. 
 So may I be deemed a poet, and this day obtain the prize. 
 As till that unhappy blunder I had always held you wise. 
 And of all my plays esteeming this the wisest and the best. 
 Served it up for your enjoyment, which had, more than all the rest, 
 Cost me thought, and time, and labour : then most scandalously treated, 
 
 1 retired in mighty dudgeon, by unworthy foes defeated. 
 
 This is why I blame your critics, for whose sake I framed the play : 
 
 Yet the clever ones amongst you even now I won't -betray. 
 
 No ! for ever since from judges unto whom 'tis joy to speak, 
 
 Brothers Profligate and Modest gained the prize we fondly seek^ 
 
 When, for I was yet a Virgin, and it was not right to bear, 
 
 I exposed it, and Another did the foundling nurse with care, 
 
 But 'twas ye who nobly nurtured, ye who brought it up with skill ; — 
 
 From that hour I proudly cherish pledges of your sure good will. 
 
 Now then comes its sister hither, like Electra in the Play, 
 
 Comes in earnest expectation kindred minds to meet to-day ; 
 
 them to appear in Ms own name : accord- latter was represented as a despiser of 
 ingly he handed them over to two friends, Homer, an upholder of all manner of legal 
 the political ones to Callistratus, the do- quibbles, a partizan of Thxasymachus, (the 
 mestic ones to Philonides, speaking, as he sophist of the Republic of Plato,) and in 
 says in the Wasps, like a ventriloquist, all respects a complete rough sketch of the 
 through the lips of others. One of these. Unjust Logic of the play before us. In- 
 it is uncertain which, brought out his first deed if we may judge from one fragment, 
 play, the Dsetaleis, B.C. 427. This play aa-ov Srj /loi a-Kokiov n 'Ka^aiv 'AXkoIov 
 contained a contest between the Old and KavaKpmvTos, the resemblance appears to 
 New Schools, in the persons of two young be carried out in the most minute par- 
 men, Brothers Modest and Profligate. The ticulars. 
 
48 NE^EAAI. 
 
 yvcotrerat yap, rfVirep Ihy, rdSeX^ou tov ^6arpi/)(ov. 
 
 £0? Se adx^pwv earl (pvcrei, cr«;ei|racr0'' ^rtp Trpcbra /j,ev 525 
 
 ovBev rjKOe pwy^afievr] (tkvtwov Ka6eifiivov, 
 
 ipvOpov 6^ aKpov, 'n'a'xp, Toh •7raiB[oi,<; "v rj 7eXft)?" 
 
 ouS' ecTKCoiIre tov<; cjjaXaKpov'i, ovBe K6pSa)(^ e'tkKvaev, 
 
 ovBe Trpea^vrri'i 6 Xeywv ra-rnq ry ^anTt^plq 
 
 Tinneb tov irapovr , a(f>ai>L^a>v "rrovqpa aKtofifiaTa, 530 
 
 ovB' elcrfj^e BSBai; e')(pva, ouS' lov loii ^oa, 
 
 aXV avTtj Koi rot? eireaiv ■jricrTevova' eKrj\v6ev. 
 
 Kayo) fiev toiovto^ avrjp (ov 'TroirjTrj'i ov KOfiS), 
 
 ovK v/Ma<; ^TjTO) '^airarav 81? Koi rph ravr elcrdyccv, 
 
 aX\! ael KMvh'i lBea<; ela<f)6pa>v aocjii^ofiai,, 535 
 
 oiiSev aKKrfKaKTtv ofioia^ koI irdaa^ Se^id^' 
 
 o? fieyiarov ovra KXecov' eiraia et? rrjv yacnepa, 
 
 KovK eToXfiTjo' av6K eirefiir'rjSrja' avTw xeifievq). 
 
 530. a(pavi^av irovripa (rKm/i/iara.] This merits : d(jiavi^eiv has much the same 
 
 phrase has, I believe, been imiversally meaning, infr. 959 ; Thuc. ii. 42 ; Eth. 
 
 misunderstood. Dindorf translates it, Nic. iii. ix. 3, etc. Thus too we see the 
 
 after Bergler, ' dicta mordacia retundens.' full force of the succeeding verses. They 
 
 An older Latin version (Aristophanes Bi- resort to all kind of manoeuvres, says the 
 
 seti) is, ' amotis e conspectu dictis mor- Poet, to draw the attention of the au- 
 
 dacibus.' Mitchell gives, 'making the dience from their TAIIH, mine needs no 
 
 wretched scoffers disappear, res pro per- such adventitious succour, but comes be- 
 
 sona.' The translation in the text seems fo^e you airfj Kai toIs EHESIN Tntrreiovtra. 
 
 scarcely to stand in need of any support : por a sunilar sentiment compare Peace 
 
 if any is wanted, there is a very apposite 739—750, piutus 798. It may be allow- 
 
 passage in Aristotle (Poetics 44). Aristotle able on the same subject to quote the 
 
 is speaking of Homer, who, he says, is powerful lines of a living poet, Henry 
 
 sometimes extravagant, but roh SXXois Taylor, in his drama entitled The Virgin 
 
 ayadoli 6 ttoitjtijs rjhvvav A*ANIZEI to Widow. Silisco gives the following advice 
 
 aroTTov, he draws tlie reader's attentionfrom *" some tragic actors, 
 his extravagance, by his manifold other 
 
 Might I speak 
 My untaught mind to you that know your art, 
 I should beseech you not to stare, and gasp. 
 And quiver, that the infection of the sense 
 
THE CLOUDS. 49 
 
 She will recognise full surely, if she find, her brother's tress. 
 
 And observe how pure her morals : who, to notice first her dress, 
 
 Enters not with filthy symbols on her modest garments hung, " 
 
 Jeering bald-heads, dancing ballets, for the laughter of the young. 
 
 In this play no wretched grey-beard with a staff his fellow pokes. 
 
 So obscuring from the audience all the poorness of his jokes. 
 
 No one rushes in with torches, no one groans, 'Oh, dear! Oh, dear!' 
 
 Trusting in its genuine merits comes this play before you here. 
 
 Yet, though such a hero-poet, I, the baldhead, do not grow 
 
 Curling ringlets : neither do I twice or thrice my pieces shew. 
 
 Always fresh ideas sparkle, always novel jests delight. 
 
 Nothing like each other, save that all are most exceeding bright. 
 
 I am he who floored the giant, Cleon, in his hour of pride. 
 
 Yet, when down I scorned to strike him, and I left him where he died ! 
 
 May make our flesh to creep ; for as the hand 
 By tickling of our skin may make us laugh 
 More than the wit of Plautus, so these tricks 
 May make us shudder. But true art is this ; 
 To set aside your sorrowful pantomime, 
 Pass hy the senses, leave the flesh at rest. 
 And working by the witcheries of words 
 Felt in the fulness of their import, call 
 Men's spirits from the deep. 
 
 [Since writing the above, I observe that crates, and it is generally supposed, though 
 in a prose translation privately published Dindorf and others deny it, that the Clouds 
 by a Mr. Gerard, not otherwise distinguish- themselves were acted twice. At any rate, 
 ed for its sound scholarship, these words as the Scholiast ad loc. observes, in the 
 are rendered ' smuggling his poor jests Peace ea-Km^jfe rovs <l>a\aKpovs, he has in- 
 through,' which is precisely the meaning troduced the KopSa^ into the Wasps, the 
 for which I contend.] a-Kinvov in the Lysistrata (and the Achar- 
 
 531. ov8' Eio-g^e.] It is worthy of re- nian» : Bergler), and the stick-user in the 
 mark, that Aristophanes begins this very girds ; though of course, as Suvern re- 
 play with the reprobated words lov lov : marks, it is not the introduction, but the 
 and ends it with the 'torches.' If the indiscriminate introduction, not the use, 
 Scholiast, ad 146, (q. v.) is to be believed, but the abuse of these scenes which is 
 he alludes there to the baldness of So- here censured. 
 
540 
 
 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ovToi S', ft)? uTra^ TrapeBcoKev Xa^rjv 'T7rep/3oXo9, 
 
 TOVTov BeiXaiov icoXeTpcoa del koI Trjv /M^ripa. 
 
 EvTToXis fjiev Tov MapoK&v -n-pmriaTOV vapelXKvaev 
 
 iKarpe-^ai; toi)? '^/j.erepov'i 'l7nrea<; KaKo<; KaKm, 
 
 TrpocrdeU avrm ypavv iJ,e9vcn]v tov KopBaKO? ovvex, fjv 
 
 ^pvvixoi TToXai ■n-e-jroLrjx , rj^ "^o ktjto^ fjcrdiev. 
 
 eW'EpfiiTnro'i avdi<; iirolriaev eh 'Tirep^oXov, 545 
 
 aXkoi t' tjBt) TfdvTe'; epeihovaov ek 'T-n-ep^oXov, 
 
 rm elKov<; twv 6''y;^eXea)y ray e/xa? fiifiovfievoi,. 
 
 6crTL<; ovv tovtoccti, yeXa, roh ifioh firj ;)^atpeTG)" 
 
 ■^v 8' ifiol KoX Tolaw i/jiOK ev^palvijad' evpijfj,aa-iv, 
 
 69 ra? copaii ra? erepa'i ev (ppovelv hoKrjaeTe. 550 
 
 infrifieSovTa fiev 6ea)v 
 
 Zfjva Tvpavvov e? x°P°^ 
 
 "TrpuTa fieyav kikXtjctko)' 
 
 TOV Te fieyacrdevrj Tpiaivrjs Tafiiav, 
 
 7?7? re Kol dXp-vpa^ 6aXd<T(j7)'i dypLOV fioxXevTrjV 555 
 
 zeal fieyaXcovvfiov tjfjieTepov TvaTep , 
 
 AWepa aefivoTaTov, ^ioOpefijMOva irdvTwv 
 
 TOV 6' liTiTovwiJLav, 09 virep- 
 
 XdfJLTrpoK d/CTLaiv KaTex^i 
 
 7^9 TTehov, fj.eya'i ev Oeoh 560 
 
 iv OvTjTolerl Te halfifOiv. 
 
 541. MapiKOLV.] Meineke (Frag. Com. Knights, 188, 189. In another, lie likens 
 
 ii. 499.) collects twenty-five notices of this nji/ 'YnepPoKov li-qrlpa to a chopping board, 
 
 play. The only fragment evidently bor- rrjkla. B upolis in the Baptse (according 
 
 rowed from Aristophanes is where Maricas, to the Scholiast) retorted the charge of 
 
 under whose person Hyperbolus was sati- plagiarism upon Aristophanes himself, as- 
 
 rized, nihil se ex musicis scire nisi literas sorting that he assisted in the composition 
 
 fatetur (Quintilian, i. x. 18) : compare of the Knights. 
 
 Toils 'lTnr4as 
 
 ^uveiroifjaa t^j (paKaKp(^ TouTCf, KaSwpTjo'dfi'rti' . 
 
 545. "EpjutTTTTos.] In a play called the apronaXida. Meineke collects six frag- 
 
 'ApTOTrmXiSft, so named, probably, from ments of this comedy, two of which are 
 
 the profession of the mother of Hyper- thought to bear upon the mother of Hy- 
 
 bolus, whom the Scholiast, ad 540, calls perbolus. In one, she is called (according 
 
THE CLOUDS. 51 
 
 But the others, when a handle once Hyperbolus did lend, 
 Trample down the wretched caitiff, and his mother, without end. 
 In his Maricas the Drunkard, EupoUs the charge began. 
 Shamefully my Knights distorting, as he is a shameful man, 
 Tacking on the tipsy beldame, just the ballet-dance to keep, 
 Phrynichus's prime invention, ate by monsters of the deep. 
 Then Hermippus on the caitiff opened all his little skill. 
 And the rest upon the caitiff are their wit exhausting still ; 
 And my simile to pilfer ' of the Eels' they all combine. 
 Whoso laughs at their productions, let him not delight in mine. 
 But for you who praise my genius, you who think my writings clever, 
 Ye shall gain a name for wisdom, yea ! for ever and for ever. 
 mighty God, heavenly King, 
 To Thee my earliest vows I bring, 
 O listen, Zeus, and hear me sing. 
 And Thou, dread Power, whose Trident's sweep 
 Heaves up the earth and the briny deep ; — 
 And Thou, our own great Father apd Lord, 
 The life-giving iEther, by sages adored ; — 
 And Thou — beloved, revered by all 
 In earth, in heaven, whose rays of gold 
 The world's vast plains in glory fold. 
 Bright Sun, to Thee I call ! 
 
 to Bergk and Meineke) & a-airpa koI Tracri- 547. ras eUovs tS>v eyxeXemi/.J This 
 
 iropvr] KoX Kcmpaiva : in the other she is simile is given. Knights 864. It is thus 
 introduced speaking had Greek, doKiKa translated by Mr. Frere : 
 for 8okS>, etc. 
 
 As country fellows fishing eels, that in the quiet river, 
 Or the clear lake, have failed to take, hegin to poke and muddle, 
 And rouze and rout it all about, and work it to a puddle 
 To catch their game — you do the same in the hubbub and confusion, 
 "Which you create to blind the state, with unobserved collusion, 
 Grasping at ease your bribes and fees. 
 The following line reminds the reader of Virgil's imprecation. 
 
 Qui Bavium non odit, amet tua carmina, Maevi. 
 H 2 
 
NE^EAAI. 
 
 S) (TocpQ)TaTOi dearal, Sevpo top vovv irpodxeTe. 
 
 rjhiKrjiJievai yap vfuv fjLencfiOfiea-d' ivavTiov 
 
 ifKeiaTa yap 6ecbv airavTOiv a)<peXov<jai,<; rr]V irdXcv, 
 
 haifjbovoov r)iuv fi6vai,<; ov dver ovSe airivSeTe, 565 
 
 airive^ Trjpovfiev vfJLci';. rjv jap y tk e^oho<; 
 
 /j.T]Sevl ^vv vu>, tot' r) l3povTU)/J.ev rj -ijraKd^o/Mev. 
 
 eha TOP Oeolcnv ix^pov ^vpaohi-\^r}v IlacfyXayova 
 
 rjvix' ypelaOe ajpaTrjyov, ra? ocppw cruvrjyo/Jjeu 
 
 Kairotovfiev Seivd' " ^povT-q 8' ippdyr] Si daTpaTrfj';'" 570 
 
 97 aeXrjvr) 8' e^tKeiire Tat; 68ou?" 6 S ' r)\LO<i 
 
 rr]v OpvaWiB' et? eavTov €v9eai<; ^vveXxvawi 
 
 ov (f>ave2v e(f)aaKev vfilv, el aT parity rjaeo KXecov. 
 
 dXk! o/io)? e'lKecrde tovtov. ^aal yap Svcr^ovXCav 
 
 rfjhe rfj -TroXei Trpoaelvai, raOra fJ,evTOL Toiif deow 575 
 
 arr' av vfieK i^a/j.dpTTjT sttI to ^eXroov Tpeireiv. 
 
 ft)? Se Kul TOVTO ^vvoLcrei paSia)^ BiSd^ofiev. 
 
 fjv KXecova tov Xdpov Scapcov eXovre? Kao KXoTrry?, 
 
 elTa (^iixaxTTfTe tovtov tS ^vXq> tov av^eva, 
 
 avOi'; e? Tap^alov vfuv, el ti Kd^TjfMapTere, 580 
 
 im TO jSeXTiov to irpayixa Trj TToXet avvoiaeTM. 
 
 568. na(j>\ay6va.] The Scholiast re- in favour of the latter, Poseidon in anger 
 
 marks, that this attack on Cleon must imprecated perpetual Sva-^ovXia on the 
 
 have formed part of the first edition of new city. Now the decrees of deities were, 
 
 the Clouds. like those of the Medes and Persians, sup- 
 
 570. fipovrf] 8' ippdyt] Si aa-rpaTrrji.] posed to be irreversible, even by them- 
 
 This is a quotation from the Teucer of selves : what one God had done, no other, 
 
 Sophocles. nor even himself, could undo ; but he 
 
 obpamv S • airh ^.q^]^ virtually nullify the effect by a sub- 
 
 Harpa^e, Ppo.rh S' ^pp.y^ S,' a^rpc..^s. ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^_ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ language of the 
 
 I have been obliged to make a slight Roman law, the remedy was ohrogatio, not 
 
 transposition of these lines in the trans- ahrogatio. Hera deprived Teiresias of sight: 
 
 lation, to prevent confusion. Zeus could not restore it, but he gave him 
 
 574. 8va-l3ov\iav, k.t.X.J When the the power of prophecy. Neither could 
 
 contention between Poseidon and Athene Apollo revoke the gift of prophecy which 
 
 for the patronage of Athens was decided he had bestowed upon Cassandra, but he 
 
THE CLOUDS. 53 
 
 most sapient wise spectators, hither turn attention due, 
 
 We complain of sad ill-treatment, we've a bone to pick with you : 
 
 We have ever helped your city, helped with all our might and main ; 
 
 Yet you pay us no devotion, that is why we now complain. 
 
 We who always watch around you. Por if any project seems 
 
 Ill-concocted, ihen we thunder, then the rain comes down in streams. 
 
 And, remember, very lately, how we knit our brows together, 
 
 ' Thunders crashing, lightnings flashing,' never was such awful weather ; 
 
 And the Moon in haste eclipsed her, and the Sun in anger swore 
 
 He would curl his wick within him and give light to you no more. 
 
 Should you choose that cursed reptile, Cleon, whom the Gods abhor. 
 
 Tanner, Slave, and Paphlagonian, to lead out your hosts to war. 
 
 Yet you chose him ! yet you chose him ! For they say that Tolly grows 
 
 Best and finest in this city, but the gracious Gods dispose 
 
 Always all things for the better, causing errors to succeed : 
 
 And how this sad job may profit, surely he who runs may read. 
 
 Let the Cormorant be convicted, in command, of bribes and theft. 
 
 Let us have him gagged and muzzled, in the pillory chained and left. 
 
 Then again, in ancient fashion, all that ye have erred of late. 
 
 Will turn out your own advantage, and a blessing to the State. 
 
 could nullify it by making all men dis- did nullify its eifeot, by causing it always 
 
 believe her. And so in the instance before to have a successful issue. Kuster refers 
 
 us : Athene could not change the curse of to the Ecclesiazusse for another notice of 
 
 perpetual Sva-jSovXta, but she could and this double decree. The passage is 
 
 \6yos ye Toi Tis eari rwv yepaiT^puy 
 
 airaVT iirl rh ^eKriov Tif^iy ^viKpepetv. 
 
 Kai ^vfj.(p4pQi y', S) 'K6rvia TlaWb.$ Kai Qeot. 473. 
 
 The Scholiast quotes from Bupolis. 
 
 'ils svTvx^s e? fjLciWov ^ Ka\a>s (ppoveTs. 
 
 And this is a frequent topic in Demos- Tv^rji rjfiw vwdp^oi, fJTrep aiei /Se'Xnoj' f/ 
 thenes, as e. g. Philippic I. v. d ra rrjs ij/xelr rjixav avrav iTTijiikoifx^Ba. 
 
590 
 
 54 NE^EAAI. 
 
 " ajj-jii. HOI avT€," ^ol/S' dva^ 
 
 ArfKie, KvvOiav e^ov 
 
 v-^iKepara Trerpav 
 
 77 T 'E<j)e<Tov fJidicMpa Trd'yxpvffov e%et9 585 
 
 oIkov, iv m Kopau ae AvSwv fieyaXo)-; ae^ovaov 
 
 fj T e'Trf)(<iipw'i Tj^erepa deo^, 
 
 alyLSo<; rivio-xpt;, voXiov^o^ 'Addva' 
 
 UapvacTiav & o? KaTkr)(wv 
 
 irerpav aiiv TvevKai's creXajel 
 
 BaKy^avi AeK<^i<n,v ifMTrpeTrav, 
 
 KCO/x.aaTrj'i Aiovvao<i. 
 
 fjvuy "qfieh Bevp d(j)opfid(70ai 7rap€(TKevdafji,e6a, 
 
 f] ^eKrjVTj <TVVTV')(pva tj/mv iTreareiXev (ppaaai, 
 
 TrpcoTa ixev ■xalpeiv 'A6rjvaioi,crc Kol rot? ^vfi/Md^oK' 595 
 
 elra dvjiaiveiv ecpacrKe Secvd yap TreirovdevaL, 
 
 m^eKova vfid'i a7ravTa<;, ov Xoyot,';, dXK efi(j>avco<;. 
 
 TT-pona fiev tov fi-rjvo^ ek BaS' ovk eXarrov rj SpaxfJ'V^f 
 
 ware koX Xiyetv d7ravTa<; i^iovTw; eo-7repa?, 
 
 /JLT] vrpiy, TTOL, BaS", iireiSr] <f>5)<i SeX7jvaLa<; kcCKov. 
 
 aXKa T eS hpav <f)rj(Ti,v, vfid'i S' ovk ayeiv rd'; rjfiepa'^ 
 
 ovSev 6p6m, dXX avm re koI Kdrco KvSoiSoTrdv' 
 
 war direiXetv cj}rjaiv airrfi tov<; deoij'i eKaaroTe 
 
 rjviK dv ■'^evaOmcrb heiirvov, KairiuiaLV o'iKoSe, 
 
 T?5? eopTrj<; /irj TUj(ovTe<i Korra Xoyov to)1> rj/Mepcov. 
 
 Kad" orav Oveiv Bey, arpe^ovTe koI BiKa^eTe' 
 
 TToWa/ct? 8' rjixwv dyovTfov twv Oewv diracniav, 
 
 ffviic dv Trev6a)/JLev rj tov Mifivov rj SapTrrjBova, 
 
 582. 'A/i(^i HOI avTf.] This elliptical referred in the neighbouring legends to 
 
 and affected form of expression was, ac- Dionysus with torches in either hand, 
 
 cording to the Scholiast, so frequent in leading his revellers to the nightly dance, 
 
 the dithyrambic poets, that they were This was a constant theme with the Attic 
 
 thence popularly called 'A^K^idmKres-. poets. Elmsley, ad Eurip. Bacchfe, 306, 
 
 590. ■jTEVKais.'] There was a streamy collects several allusions to it out of their 
 
 light, a meteor of some kind, occasionally writings, 
 
 visible on the ' bipeaked hill,' which was 602. Kv8otSo7rav.J Wieland refers this 
 
 600 
 
 605 
 
THE CLOUDS. 55 
 
 " Still unto Thee, to Thee alone," 
 Apollo, with Thine awful throne 
 Upreared on Oynthus' high-peaked stone ; — 
 Thou at whose shrine on the festal day 
 The daughters of Ephesus kneel and pray : — 
 Thou with the ^gis of Zeus in Thine hand, 
 Athene, the guardian, the queen of our land : — 
 And Thou whose torches brightly shine 
 The deep Parnassian glades among. 
 Come, Bacchus, with Thy Msenad throng. 
 Come, Eeveller most divine ! 
 We, when we had finished packing, and prepared our journey down. 
 Met the Lady Moon, who charged us with a message for your town. 
 First, All hail to noble Athens, and her faithful true Allies ; 
 Then, she said, your shameful conduct made her angry passions rise. 
 Treating her so ill who always aids you, not in words, but clearly ; 
 Saves you, first of all, in torchlight every month a drachma nearly. 
 So that each one says, if business calls him out from home by night, 
 " Buy no Hnk, my boy, this evening, for the Moon will lend her light." 
 Other blessings too she sends you, yet you will not mark your days 
 As she bids you, but confuse them, jumbling them all sorts of ways. 
 And, she says, the Gods in chorus shower reproaches on her head. 
 When in bitter disappointment, they go supperless to bed. 
 Not obtaining festal banquets, duly on the festal day ; 
 Ye are badgering in the law-courts when ye should arise and slay ! 
 And full oft when we celestials some strict fast are duly keeping. 
 For the fate of mighty Memnon, or divine Sarpedon weeping, 
 
 to Meton and his cycle of nineteen years duced, but that the errors of the old style 
 
 (evvfa<aid€Ka KiiK\a cpaetvov 'UfXiow. Ara- of Oleostratus had about this time reached 
 
 tus); Silvern would rather believe that their climax. On the Metonic cycle, see 
 
 the Metonic cycle had nqt yet been inijro- Prideaux's Connection at the year 431. 
 
56 NE^EAAI. 
 
 a-n-ivSed' v/J-el^ Kal yeXdr- av& wv Xayiov 'TTrep^oXo? 
 
 T?7T69 lepoixvriiJiovelv, KaTreiO' v<f> rj/j^cov twv 6eo)v 610 
 
 Tov arejiavov SufiypW't]- fxaXKov <yap ovtco<; euaerai 
 
 Kara aeX-rjvrjv a)9 ayeov -XPV tov /3lov Tas rjfiepa'i. 
 Sfi- /J-a rriv 'Avairporjv, fia to Xdo<;, fia top 'Aepa, 
 
 ovK elBov ovTa)<i avSp" aypoiKov ovSeva 
 
 oils' aiTopov ovSe crKaiov ovS iTriKrjcrfj,ova' 6] 5 
 
 oa-TC^ aKoXaOvpfJiaTi,' arra fiiicpa p,av9dva)v, 
 
 ravT eTTiXekriaTai irplv p-adelv o/j,oo<; ye jjirjv 
 
 avTov KcCKw Bvpa^e Sevpl irpb^ to ^(u?. 
 
 iTOv STpe-^idSrj^ ; e'^ei tov daKaVTrjV Xa^cov. 
 ST. dXX' OVK e&KJi fji e^eveyKelv ol KopeK. 620 
 
 Sfi- dvvcra<i tl KordOov, Kol ii-pocrex^e tov vovv. ST. ISov. 
 
 Sf2. aye Sr], tl ^ovXeu irpSiTa vvvl fiavOdveiv 
 
 5)V OVK ehihd'xPT]^ TrdnroT' ovSev ; el-ire fioi. 
 
 TTOTepa Trepl fxkrpwv fj pvO/J^wv rj Trepl eTrmv ; 
 ST. Trepl tS)V /MeTpcov ejcoy'- evajxo'i jdp iroTe 6:25 
 
 vTT dX(f)nap.OLJ3ov TrapeKoirriv Si-xpiviKip. 
 Sfl. ov TOUT ipcoTO) a , dX>J o Tl KdXXiaTov fieTpov 
 
 rjyel- iroTepov to Tplp^STpov rj to TeTpdfierpov; 
 ST. eyo) jxev ovSev wpoTepov rjiiieKTeov. 
 Sil. ovSev Xeyei,<;, SyvOpanre. ST. wepiSov vvv ifiol, 630 
 
 el /j,r) TeTpdfieTpov iaTiv rjfiieKreov. 
 5/2. e? K6paKa<i, ai? dypoiKO'i el koI hvcrpuiQrjii. 
 
 Tayy 8' dv hvvaio (lavOdveiv Trepl pv6fj,a)V. 
 ST. Tl Be fi' axpeX-^aovff' ol pvOfiol Trpo? ToX^iTa • 
 
 609. a-7veii8(d' v/j-e'is.] In a fragment tuiv 6eo>v Ka). ra>v vonmv twv fifierepav. The 
 
 of an oration by lysias against Cinesias, lamentable consequences which the dis- 
 
 says Mr. Grote, (History of Greece, vol. pleasure of the Gods had brought upon 
 
 vii. p. 283, note) Cinesias and his friends them are then set forth : the companions 
 
 are accused of numerous impieties, one of of Cinesias had all miserably perished, 
 
 which consisted in celebrating festivals on while Cinesias himself was living in 
 
 unlucky and forbidden days, " in derision wretched health and in a condition worse 
 
 of our Gods and our laws," as KarayeXiivTes than death. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 57 
 
 Then you feast and pour libations : and Hyperbolus of late 
 Lost the crown he wore so proudly as Eecorder of the Gate, 
 Through the wrath of us immortals : so perchance he'll rather know 
 Always all his days in future by the Lady Moon to go. 
 SocE. Never by Chaos, Air, and Respiration, 
 
 Never, no never have I seen a clown 
 
 So helpless, and forgetful, and absurd ! 
 
 Why if he learns a subtlety or two 
 
 He's lost them ere he's learnt them : all the same, 
 
 I'll call him out of doors here to the light. 
 
 Take up your bed, Strepsiades, and come ! 
 Steeps. By Zeus, I can't : the bugs make such resistance. 
 SocE. Make haste. There, throw it down, and hsten. Steeps, Well ! 
 
 SocE. Attend to me : what shall I teach you first 
 
 That I've not taught you yet ? Come now, decide : 
 
 Would you learn tunes, or measures, or heroics ? 
 Steeps. ! measures to be sure : for very lately 
 
 A grocer swindled me of full three pints. 
 SocE. I don't mean that : but which do you like the best 
 
 Of aU the measures ; six feet, or eight feet ? 
 Steeps. Well, I like nothing better than the yard. 
 SoCE. Pool ! don't talk nonsense. Steeps. What will you bet me now 
 
 That two yards don't exactly make six feet ? 
 SocE. go to pot, ridiculous old blockhead ! 
 
 Still, perhaps you can learn tunes more easily. 
 Steeps. But will tunes help me to repair my fortunes ? 
 
 610. Upofivrifiovelv.^ Each. Amphicty- 629. fiiiuKTlov.~\ An Jj/iiexreo;/ con- 
 
 onic state sent two deputies to the Council, tained four choenices. I do not know how 
 
 one called the iruKayopas, or orator ; the tt^e play on words in the original can be 
 
 other the Upofiprnj^av, or recorder. We preserved in the translation, without 
 
 must suppose that when Hyperbolus was making some slight alteration, as I have 
 
 filling the latter post, the wjnds, as Harles "one. 
 observes, carried off his chaplet. 
 
58 NE<PEAAI. 
 
 Sn. wpwTOV fiev elvat, KOfiyp'ov iv avvovcria, 635 
 
 STratovO^ oTTolo'; icrn twv pudfiwv 
 
 Kar evoirXiov, T^fOTToto? av Kara BaKTvkov. 
 ST. Kara MktvKov ; vrj tov Ai aXlC olh\ ^fl. el-rre Brj. 
 
 ST. Ti? dWo'; dvrl tovtovI tov BaicTvXov ; 
 
 TTpo TOV fiev, eV ifiov TratSo? 6vto<;, oiiToaL 640 
 
 5/2. wypelo^ eiKol cTKam. ST. ov yap, m^vpe, 
 
 TOVTCDv itnOvfiw jMavOdveiv ovSev. S^- to oat ; 
 ST. eKelv eKelvo, tov dBiKcoTaTov Xoyov. 
 Sfl- dXX! eTepa Bel ere TrpoTepa tovtwv fiavddveiv, 
 
 TMV TeTpwTToBaiv UTT iaTiV 6p6w appeva. 645 
 
 ST. aX)C olS' eywye Tappev, el firj fiaivofiai' 
 
 Kpio'i, Tpdyo'i, Tavpo';, Kvatv, dXe/CTpvcov. 
 Sa. opai; o Trda)(eK ; tijv t6 OrjXeiav KaXeis 
 
 dXeKTpvova KaTa tuvto Kai tov appeva, 
 ST. TTW Sj; ; (pepe. S^. ttw? ; dXeKTpvwv KdXeiCTpvcov. 650 
 
 ST. vrj TOV rioaeiBa). vvv Be ttw jie XPV taXelv ; 
 Sfi. dXeKTpvawav, tov B' sTepov dXeKTopa. 
 ST. dXeKTpvaivav ; ev ye vr) tov 'Aepa- 
 
 WCTT dvTi TOVTOV TOV Bl,BdyfMaTO<; fJLOVOV 
 
 Bi,aX(piTcoa(o aov kvkXu) ttjv KdpBoirov. 655 
 
 Sfl. IBov fidX' av6i<; Tovd' STepov. ttjv KapBoirov 
 
 appeva KaXeL<;, OrjXeiav ovcrav. ST. tw Tpotrcp 
 
 637. Kar' cj/ottXiov.] To the passages casionally seen in Scotland, and described 
 quoted by Spanbeim ad loc. add Plato by Sir Walter Scott in his 'Pirate,' and 
 Eep. 400, B. olfiai hi y-e aR-qKoevai oi tra- elsewhere, in which the dancers went 
 (^wr ivoTTKidv re rwa oj/o/jafoi/Tos avTov through their eyolutions full-armed, with 
 [roC A6iiwvoi\ ^ivd^Tov, Ka\ BdKTvXou <a\ ^^0"^^^ i° ^^^ir hands. 
 V<i>oV ye, K.T.X. where the Scholiast says ^^^- '•°'^'-°»''-] "Magna est in his ne- 
 it was a metre composed of iambics, dac- l^^i''^'" ^^7= ^runck of these two verses, 
 tyls, and pariambs (w o) ; it was called 647. oKeKTpvaiv.'] ewm^e tod- oKcKTpv- 
 ivoTrKiov because it was the Greek martial ova, as TerpaTrovv K.aTapi.6p.{](ras. Scho- 
 music, employed in the Pyrrhic or sword- liast. There can, I think, be no doubt 
 dance, a dance of which we may form a whatever that Bentley is right, in sup- 
 close idea from the sword-dance still oo- posing two verses to have slipped out 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 59 
 
 Sock. They'll help you to behave in company : 
 
 If you can tell which kind of tune is best 
 
 For the sword-dance, and which for finger music. 
 Streps. Por fingers ! aye, but I know that. Soce. Say on, then. 
 Steeps. What is it but this finger P though before, 
 
 Ere this was grown, I used to play with that. 
 SocR. Insufi'erable dolt ! Streps. Well but, you goose, 
 
 I don't want to learn this. Socr. What do you want then ? 
 Streps. Teach me the Logic ! teach me the unjust Logic ! 
 Socr. But you must learn some other matters first : 
 
 As, what are males among the quadrupeds. 
 Streps. I should be mad indeed not to know that. 
 
 The Kam, the Bull, the Goat, the Dog, the Fowl. 
 Socr. Ah ! there you are ! there's a mistake at once ! 
 
 You call the male and female fowl the same. 
 Streps, How ! tell me how. Socr. Why fowl and fowl of course. 
 Streps. That's true though ! what then shall I say in future ? 
 Socr. Call this a fowless and the other a fowl. 
 Streps. A fowless ? Good ! Bravo ! Bravo ! by Air. 
 
 Now for that one bright piece of information 
 
 I'll give you a barley bumper in your trough. 
 Socr. Look there, a fresh mistake; you called it trough. 
 
 Masculine,. when its feminine. Streps. How, pray ? 
 
 after this line, in which Socrates asks, 
 and Strepsiades enumerates the names of 
 female quadrupeds, ending again with the 
 word oKexTpvav. The same word ending 
 both lines would easily enough account 
 for the omission. 
 
 657. appeva, drjXeiav ovcrav.~\ Mitchell 
 refers to Diogenes Laertius, ii. xii. 116, 
 who relates the following anecdote of 
 Stilpo, the philosopher of Megara, who 
 flourished under Ptolemy Soter, about 
 B.C. 336. He once asked if it was not 
 
 the Athene tov Aioj that was a 6e6s ; his 
 audience assented. Then pointing to the 
 Athene Promachus, Is not that the Athene 
 TOV ^eiStovl he proceeded. Again obtain- 
 ing an affirmative reply, ovk Spa, he con- 
 cluded, avTrj 6f6s ioTiv. Hereupon being 
 taken before the Areopagites on a charge 
 of impiety (like St. Paul), he did not deny 
 the fact, but said she was not a 6i6s aWa 
 6ecL- Beoiis 8' ftvm roiis appivas. They 
 banished him, however. 
 
 i2 
 
60 NE^EAAI. 
 
 dppeva koXm 'y(o KapSoTrov ; Sfl. fiaXicTTa ye, 
 
 wairep ye Koi KXeoovvfiov. ST, ttw? Sj] ; ^pdaov. 
 Sfl. ravTov Siivarai croi KdpSo'7ro<; KXeavv/J^O). 660 
 
 ST. a\X', mydd', ouS' rjv KaphoiTO'i KXernvvfia, 
 
 a)OC iv Ovela arpoyyvXr) Ve/^taTTero. 
 
 ardp TO XoL-irov ttw? /tte xph naXelv ; SSI. ottq)'? ; 
 
 T7]V KapBoTTTjv, wcTTrep Kokel^ T^v 'StoaTpdrrjv. 
 ST. TTjv KaphoTTTiv OrfKeMv ; Sfi- 6pda)<i yap Xeyei';. 665 
 
 ST. eKelvo 8' rjv av, KapBoTrrj, KXe(ovv/irj. 
 SSI. eVt hrj ye irepl tS)v ovo/j^drcov /xaOeiv ae Set, 
 
 aTT appev earlv, wrra 8' avTcov OrfKea. 
 ST. aSX olS' 'iywy a drfKe earlv. SSI. el-rre Stj. 
 
 ST. AvabXKa, ^iXivva, KXetrayopa, Arm'qTpia. 670 
 
 SSI. dppeva Be irola tmv ovofidraiv ; ST. fLvpLa. 
 
 ^iX6^evo<i, MeX-Tjalas, 'A/jivvia<;. 
 SSI. dXX', Si 7rov7]pe, ravTa y ear ovk dppeva. 
 ST. OVK dppev vfilv iamv ; SSI. ovBafio)'; y, eVet 
 
 TTw? av KaXeaeias evTV^^v 'A/j,vvia ; 675 
 
 ST. oirca'i dv ; mBl, hevpo hevp\ 'A/J,vvia. 
 SSI. opa'i ; yvvalica ttjv 'ApjVvLav KaXeis. 
 ST. oiiKovv SoKalm'i ■^Tt? ov aTpareverat ; 
 
 drap tL ravff a Trayre? icr/j,ev fiavOdvai ; 
 
 676. 'A/iuj/ia.] Horace has a similar with the Lacedsemonians ;" (Life of So- 
 
 way of stigmatising effeminacy. Sat. i. crates, p. 54, note ;) that is, the truce which 
 
 viii. 39, he calls Pediatius, fragilis Pe- was made with a view to stay the con- 
 
 diatia. Mr. Gilbert Cooper, repeating the quests of Brasidas in Macedonia. This is 
 
 common opinion that the Clouds was ingenious, and is, I may observe, in some 
 
 acted for a second time in the archonship degree supported by the Scholiast at v. 
 
 of Ameinias, the year after that of Isarchus 31. (Toy apxovra Siaa-vpeiv ^ovXajievos rfi 
 
 in which it was first brought out, adds, iKeivov irpocrjjyopi'a e;;(pijo-aTo. roTf -yap 
 
 "what ascertains the date of the second vpxf 'A/niwas npovaTroti vios. He adds 
 
 performance even in the Comedy itself is that the poet slightly changed the name 
 
 this remarkable passage, so sarcastical because the law forbad him to satirize the 
 
 upon Ameinias, who during his magistracy Archon), but I do not think it is correct : 
 
 made a dishonourable cessation of arms for (1.) Ameinias was Archon in B.C. 422, 
 
THE CLOUDS. 61 
 
 How did I make it masculine? Sock. "Why ' trough/ 
 
 Just like 'Cleonymus.' Streps. I don't quite catch it., 
 
 SocR. Why ' trough/ ' Cleonymus/ both masculine. 
 Streps. Ah, but Cleonymus has got no trough. 
 
 His bread is kneaded in a rounded mortar : 
 
 Still, what must I say in future ? Soce. What ! why call it 
 
 A ' troughess,' female, just as one says ' an actress.' 
 Streps. A ' troughess/ female ? Soce. Quite correct, you've hit it. 
 Streps. 'troughess' then and Miss Cleonymus. 
 SocR. StiU you must learn some more about these names ; 
 
 Which are the names of men and which of women. 
 Streps. Oh, I know which are women. Socr. Well, repeat some. 
 Streps. Demetria, Cleitagora, Philinna. 
 Socr. Now teU me some men's names. Streps. O yes, ten thousand 
 
 Philon, Melesias, Amynias. 
 Socr. Hold ! I said men's names : these are women's names. 
 Streps. No, no, they're men's. Socr. They are not men's, for how 
 
 Would you address Amynias if you met him ? 
 Streps. How ? somehow thus : ' Here, here Amynia !' 
 Socr. Amynia ! a woman's name, you see. 
 Streps. And rightly too ; a sneak who shirks all service ! 
 
 But all know this : let's pass to something else. 
 
 and this play contains an allusion to the consider what an earnest advocate of peace 
 death of Cleon, (which happened in that Aristophanes uniformly was from the corn- 
 year,) made in a manner which seems to mencement to the close of his career, we 
 imply he had written other comedies since : can hardly suppose that he would stig- 
 and an express reference to the Maricas of matize with cowardice a man who was the 
 Eupolis, which was not produced till B.C. chief magistrate when a truce was con- 
 421 : cf. supra 5.38 — 541. (2.) The only eluded, the necessity of which was con- 
 additions recognised by the old gram- fessed by the best and bravest in the state, 
 marians in the second edition of this and in concluding, which he was not by 
 play are the Parabasis, the controversy any means a prime mover, but merely the 
 between the two Logics, and the burning official conductor, 
 of the School at the end. (3.) When we 
 
62 
 
 NE^EAAI. 
 
 an. oiiSev jjLa At, aXXa KaTaKkiveh Bevpl. ST. ti SpS) ; 680 
 
 5/2. eic^povria-ov Ti tmv aeavrov Trpay/x.drav. 
 
 ST. iMT) hrid\ iKerevo) a, ivddB'- aW' el/rrep ye XPV> 
 
 yajjLai fi eaaov avra ravr iK(ppovTi,aai,. 
 Sfi. ovK effTi wapd ravT aXKa. ST. KUKoSaCfKov ijo), 
 
 o'iav hiK'qv tok Kopeai Bdicrco rrjixepov. 685 
 
 XO. (ppoVTO^e Bt} KoX Bia.9pei, Travra rpoirov re aavrov 
 
 arpo/Sei, 7rvKvd>(ra<;. 
 
 ra^v'S B\ orav eh airopov Trearjt;, 
 
 eV aXko TTijBa 
 
 vorjfia (ppevo'i- VTrvo<; B' dirkcnm yXvKvQviio^ ofiixaTav. 690 
 
 ST. laTTarai laTTaToi. 
 XO. Ti vdaxei'i ; tI Kd/j,vet<; ; 
 ST. dTToWvfiai Sei'Xaio?" e/c rod tTKifiTToBo'; 
 
 BaKvoval fJL i^epTTOvrei ol Koplv6t,oi, 
 
 Koi To,^ TrXeupa? BapBd-KTovaiv 695 
 
 KoX Trjv ■\^v)(r]v eKinvovcnv, 
 
 KoX Tov<; op')(ei,^ e^eKKOVcriv, 
 
 Kal TOV irptoKTov BiopvTTOvcriv, 
 
 Kai p! diToKovaiv. 
 XO. p,rj vvv /3apea><; aXyei Xiav. 700 
 
 ST. Kal iTW ; ore fiov 
 
 (ppovBa TO, ^(priiJLaTa, (ppovBr] %poia, 
 
 ^povBr] '^V')(rj, ^povBr] S' ijx^d'i' 
 
 Kal ■Kpo<; TovToit; en rolai KaKOK 
 
 ^povpa<; aBcov 705 
 
 oKIjov <ppovBo<; yeyevrjfiai. 
 Sfi. o5to?, Tt TTotet? ; ov)(i (j}povTl^ei,<; ; ST. iyco ; 
 
 VT) TOV IIoaeiBa). Sfi. Kal to Stjt' i^povToaai ; 
 
 ST. vTTO Twv Kopecov el fiov Ti TrepiXeKpd'^aeTaL 
 
 696. ^vxrjv.] l<TT€ov oTi Tpns ^v)(ds tSiv to alfia, Sirep fori jxavoDv rav fclxov 
 tpacrif Tr]V av^T)TiK7)V, rjTiS etrTi Kotvrj TOiV Ka\ Trjv XoytK^v, tJtis ecrrl iiovtav raiv dv- 
 av6pi>na>v, rav oKoyav foxBC, Koi rmy ^v- Bpwmav. Scholiast. This division is taken 
 
THE CLOUDS. 63 
 
 SocR. Well, then, you get into the bed. Streps. And then ? 
 
 SocR. Excogitate about your own affairs. 
 
 Streps. Not there : I do beseech, not there : at least 
 
 Let me excogitate on the bare ground. 
 SocR. There is no way but that. Streps. Poor devil I ! 
 
 How I shall suffer from the bugs to-day. 
 Chor. Now then survey in every way, with airy judgment sharp and quick : 
 Wrapping thoughts around you thick : 
 And if so be in one you stick. 
 Never stop to toil and bother. 
 Lightly, lightly, lightly leap. 
 To another, to another ; 
 Par away be balmy sleep. 
 Streps. Ugh! Ugh! Ugh! Ugh! Ugh! 
 Chor. What's the matter ? where's the pain ? 
 Streps. Priends ! Fm dying. Prom the bed 
 Out creep bug-bears scantly fed. 
 And my ribs they bite in twain. 
 And my life-blood out they suck. 
 And my manhood off they pluck. 
 And my loins they dig and drain. 
 And Pm dying, once again. 
 Chor. O take not the smart so deeply to heart. 
 Streps. Why, what can I do ? 
 
 Vanished my skin so ruddy of hue. 
 Vanished my life-blood, vanished my shoe. 
 Vanished my purse, and what is stiU worse 
 As I hummed an old tune till my watch should be past, 
 I had very near vanished myself at the last. 
 SocR. HaUo there, are you pondering? Streps. Eh! what? I? 
 
 Yes to be sure. Socr. And what have your ponderings come to ? 
 Streps. Whether these bugs will leave a bit of me. 
 
 from Aristotle, Eth. Nic. i. 13. Here, of " the blood, which is the life" of man. 
 course, the second signification is intended, 
 
64. NE^EAAI. 
 
 2n. dvoXeX KCLKtar'. ST. d\X\ o)yd6\ diroXwX" dprim. 710 
 
 SO,, oil fiaXOaKLCTTe , ciKKd irepiKcCKviTTea. 
 
 i^evperios yap vov^ aTrocrTeprjTiKo? 
 
 KaTTMok'nfjL. ST. oifioi, Tt? hv Btjt im^oXoi, 
 
 i^ dpvaKihuv yvd)/ji7)v aTroaTepjjTplSa ; 
 Sfl. 4>epe vvv, dOprjao} TrpwTOV, 6 ti Spa, rovrovi,. 715 
 
 o5to?, KadevBei^ ; ST. fid tov 'AiroXXo) 'yo) fiev ov. 
 Sn. e'xet? Tt ; ST. fid Ai ov hrjr eycoy. Sfl. ovBev Trdw ; 
 
 ST. ovSiv ye ttXt/i/ t] to ireo's ev Ty Se^ia. 
 Sfl. ovK eyKaXinjrdfiepo'; Ta^eto? ti (jspovTiel'? ; 
 
 ST. Trepl TOV ; aii yap fxou tovto ^pdaov, Si SompaTe^. 720 
 
 Sfl. avTo's 6 TO /SovXei Trpcoro? i^evpcov Xeye. 
 ST. dKrjKoa'i fivpodKK dyd) /3ovXo/j,ao, 
 
 nepl Twv TOKwv, oirwi dv dirohm fnqhevi. 
 Sfl. Wb vvv, KaXvTrrov Kal crxd(Ta<; ttjv (ppoVTiha 
 
 XeTTTrjv KaTd fjbiKpov irepK^povei Ta irpayfiaTa, 725 
 
 opOm BiaipMV Kal a-KOTTcbv. ST. oifiob raXa?. 
 
 Sfl. 'ix dTpkfJLa' Kav dTroprj'; n tuv vorj/xaTCOV, 
 
 a<^et? d'Tj-eXOe' KaTa ttjv yva)fx.r]v TrdXiv 
 
 Kivrjaov avdi'i avTO Kal fyymOpKTOV. 
 ST. & SuiKpaTihiov (plXTaTov, Sfl. rl, w yepov ; 730 
 
 ST. e^o) TOKOV yva>fi7]v dTToaTeprjTLKrjv. 
 Sfl. eTrlBei^ov avTrjv. ST. elire Bij vvv fioi toBl' 
 
 yvvaoKa ^ap/iaKiB' el Trpidp.evo'i OerTaXrjv, 
 
 KadeXoifit, vvKTwp ttjv (reXrjvqv, eVra Be 
 
 714, c| opj/aKiScoj/.J The joke in this and (ruvayayal. Tovriav 617 cycoyc avros re 
 
 passage is between the desire of Strep- epao-Tfjs, & *ai6pe, tS>v Siaipca-tiov Koi cru- 
 
 siades to get rid of these sheep-skins, and vayaywv. 266 B. See Mr. Grote's valu- 
 
 his desire esse i^apv-qriKos qualis, remarks able remarks on this subject in his History 
 
 Bergler, factus postea filius ejus est, 1157. of Greece, viii. 577 — 583. To the passages 
 
 726. hiaipa>v.~\ Mitchell very appro- he brings together there, and those quoted 
 
 priately quotes the well-known passage in by the commentators here, add the fol- 
 
 the Phaedrus, where Socrates says that he lowing from Sextus Empiricus's treatise 
 
 is desperately in love with these diaipea-eis against Mathematicians, book vii. 9, adv. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 65 
 
 SocR. Consume yon, wretch ! Stkeps. Faith, I'm consumed abeady. 
 
 SocR. Come, come, don't flinch : pull up the clothes again : 
 Search out and catch some very subtle dodge 
 To fleece your creditors. Streps. me, how can I 
 Fleece any one with all these fleeces on me ? 
 
 {Puts his head under the clothes.) 
 
 SocR. Come, let me peep a moment what he's doing. 
 
 Hey ! he's asleep ! Streps. No, no ! no fear of that ! 
 SocR. Caught anything? Streps. No, nothing. Socr. Surely, something. 
 Streps. Well, I had something in my hand, I'll own. 
 SocR. Pull up the clothes again, and go on pondering. 
 Streps. On what ? now do please tell me, Socrates. 
 SocR. What is it that you want ? first tell me that. 
 Streps. You have heard a million times what 'tis I want : 
 
 My debts ! my debts ! I want to shirk my debts. 
 Socr. Come, come, pull up the clothes : refine your thoughts 
 
 With subtle wit : look at the case on all sides : 
 
 Mind you divide correctly. Streps. Ugh ! me. 
 Socr. Hush : if you meet with any difficulty 
 
 Leave it a moment : then return again 
 
 To the same thought : then lift and weigh it well. 
 Streps. 0, here, dear Socrates ! Socr. Well, my old friend. 
 Streps. I've found a notion how to shirk my debts. 
 Socr. Well then, propound it. Streps. What do you think of this ? 
 
 Suppose I hire some grand Thessalian witch 
 
 To conjure down the Moon, and then I take it 
 
 LogicOS. He says : o TiXdrmv iravros jiepovs Trapdo-rJKTai, irjTmv, OTrep cVrl XoyiKa- roC 
 (f>i\o(ro<j)ias avTm (Socrati) ncradiSacn (I Be rjdiKOv, on Tvepl dpeTrjs Koi woXtrelas Kal 
 may remark that Aristophanes does the vopav Siaa-KenTerm' tov 6e (f>va-iicov, utl 
 same : viz., Logic, here : Ethics, in. the con- koX wepX Kocrpov t( koi nep\ ^aoyovias kcX 
 troversy between the two Logics : Physics, y^^vx^s nKptXoa-ocprjKev, where Pabrieius re- 
 in his description of the causes of the marks, Socrates definitiones et difisiones 
 thunder, etc.), tov pev XoyiKov, nap oa-ov examinans inducitur in omnibus ferme 
 nep\ optov Kiu Simpcircav Koi eVw/ioXoyias Platonis Dialogis. 
 
66 NE^EAAt. 
 
 avTrjv KaOelp^aifi' e? \o(p€top (7rpo<y<yv\ov, 735 
 
 SxT-jrep KaTOTTTpov, Kara rijpolrjv 'i%(>3v, 
 Sfi. Tt BrjTa TovT av ax^ekrjaeiev cr ; ST, o n ; 
 
 el iMrjKer' dvareXkoi aeKrivq fx/rjSafiov, 
 
 ovK av aTTohoirjv Toii? tokovs. 2f2. OTirj T^ ojj ; 
 
 ST. oTtrj Kara firpja rapyvpiov Bavei^erai. 740 
 
 Sf2. ev J' aX>C erepov av aoi vpo^aXo) ri Se^iov, 
 
 el aob 'ypd<poi,TO TrevTeTokavTO'; Tt? Blfcr], 
 
 OTTO)? av avTrjv d<f>aviaeias elire fxot. 
 ST. oTTft)? ; oTTW? ; OVK olB'' a/rap ^tjTriTeov. 
 Sfl. fJ-rj vvv irepl cravTov elXXe ttjv jvm/XTjv del, lib 
 
 dW dvo'^dXa rrjv ^povrlB' et? tov depa, 
 
 XivoBerov Sairep firjXoXovdijv tov ttoBo'J. 
 ST. evpt^K d(j)dvLaiv rrj? Bikt]^ ao(pa)TdT7jv, 
 
 ucTT avTov ofioXojeiv a ifioL Sfl. iTolav rivd ; 
 
 ST. ^Bf) irapd Tolat <f>apfiaK07ra)Xai,<; ttjv \l6ov 750 
 
 TavTTjv e6paKa<s, ttjv KaXrjv, ttjv Biacpavrj, 
 
 d(j}' ^? TO TTvp cLTTTOvai / SS2. TTJV vaXov XeyeK ; 
 ST. eyaye. ^epe, Tt Btjt' dv, el TavTTjv Xa^wv, 
 
 OTTOTe ypdcpoiTO ttjv BIktjv 6 ypa/j.fiaTev';, 
 
 d'TTOiTepo) crras SyBe Trpo<; tov rfKiov 755 
 
 TO ypdnp.aT' eKTrj^aifii tjj? e//,?}? £/«?;? ; 
 Sfl. cro^w? 76 vr] ra? XdpiTa^;. ST. o'lfi' to? rjBofiai 
 
 757. ^ocpms yf 1/7) ras Xdpiras.] The the propensity of liis mind to beauty. From 
 
 Scholiast refers this to the Graces said to this, compared with his life and doctrines, 
 
 have been sculptured by Socrates in his (cf. Xen. Mem. iii.) we may perceive what 
 
 youth, when he followed the trade of his invariable analogy there is between a taste 
 
 father Sophroniscus. The following ob- for moral and for natural comeliness, for 
 
 servations are quoted from Mr. Gilbert the same faculties of the soul which lead 
 
 Cooper's learned Life of Socrates, p. 14. mankind to admire proportion and order 
 
 " Several authors (Suidas, Diog. Laert., in external forms of matter, have a corres- 
 
 Pausanias) affirm that the celebrated Graces pondent relish for a like regularity in cha- 
 
 carved on the walls of the citadel at racters and manners. It is very observable 
 
 Athens behind the statue of Minerva were that these Graces were, contrary to the 
 
 his performances. An early indication of general custom, clothed, hSeSv/ievas Xa- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 67 
 
 And clap it into some round helmet-box, 
 And keep it fast there, hke a looking-glass, — 
 
 Sock. But what's the use of that? Streps. The use, quotha: 
 Why if the Moon should never rise again, 
 I'd never pay one farthing. Socr. No ! why not ? 
 
 Streps. Why, don't we pay our interest by the month ? 
 
 Socr. Good ! now I'll proffer you another problem. 
 Suppose an action : damages, five talents : 
 Now tellme how you can evade that same. 
 
 Streps. How ! how ! can't say at aU : but I'U go seek. 
 
 Socr. Don't wrap your mind for ever round yourself, 
 
 But let your thoughts range freely through the air, 
 ^ Like beetles with a thread about their feet. 
 
 Streps. I've found a bright evasion of the action : 
 
 Confess yourself, 'tis glorious. Socr. But what is it ? 
 
 Steeps. I say, haven't you seen in druggists' shops 
 
 That stone, that splendidly transparent stone, 
 ' B/ which they kindle fire ? Socr. The burning glass ? 
 
 Streps. That's it : well then, I'd get me one of these. 
 And as the clerk was entering down my case, 
 I'd stand, like this, some distance towards the sun. 
 And bum out every line. Socr. By my Three Graces, 
 A clever dodge ! Streps. O me, how pleased I am 
 
 in contradistinction justly be called OraticB 
 decentes, lib. i. Od. 4." The fact that these 
 were Veiled Statues is noticed by Diogenes 
 Laertius, eivai re avTov Kcix ras iv aKpoiro- 
 Xet Xaptrap ivioi <^a(Tiv, ivbebvfiivas oucras", 
 "oBev Kol Tifiava iv rots 2/XXois dir^lv, 
 
 pitas, whereas other artists represented 
 
 the Graces naked. So Horace, lib. i. Od. 
 
 30, soliUis Gratia zonis, and again, lib. iv. 
 
 Od. 7. Oratia cum nymphis geminisque 
 
 sororihis audet Ducere nuda choros : these 
 
 Graces therefore, carved by Socrates, might 
 
 'Ek S" &pa Tuv aireKXiye \i6o^6os, iVVOiioXiiTxns, 
 
 '^Wifvwv iiraoiShs, axpiPoKdyovs anoip^vas, 
 
 MuKT^p, ln]rop6f/,vKTOS) inruTTiKhs, €lpavsvT-t]s, 
 
 Then there struck out a new line, the sculptor, the prattler on justice. 
 
 He who bewitched all Hellas, and taught exactness of speaking, 
 
 Jeerer, derider of sophists, half Attic, unrivalled dissembler. 
 
 k:2 
 
68 
 
 NE^EAAI. 
 
 oTi irevTeTaXaVTO'; Biaryeypa-n-TaC fioi BUt]. 
 'SO,, aye Br) Taxeo>i tovtI ^vvapvaaov. ST. to ti ; 
 
 SB. oTTft)? aTroarpey^aK^av avriBiicwv hUrjv, 760 
 
 fieXKcov o<p\ri(Tei,v, fir) irapovTcov fiaprvpcuv. 
 ST. ^avKorara Kal paar. Sfl. etVe Sij. ST. Kal Br) Xejco. 
 
 el irpoadev ht, fiMS iveaTQ)a-r)<; BCkt]';, 
 ■n-plv TTjv e/Mr)v KaXelad', d'7raj^aifir)v rpexcov. 
 Sn. ovBev XeVew. ST. vr) roix; deow ejay", evel 765 
 
 ovBeh Kar' i/J-ov TedvecoTOV ela-d^ei, BUrjv. 
 Sfl. v&Xelr am-epp', ovk av BiBa^ai/XT]!' a' en. 
 ST. OTiT) tC ; va\ TTpo'i Twv deSiV, w StoKpaTe<;. 
 Sfi. aXK' eWw €T-CKr)9ei, crv y' aW av Kal fjAdyr 
 
 iirel tL vvvl irpSyTOV iBiBaxdv^ '> ^eye. 770 
 
 ST. <pep' lBco, Tt fjLevroi irpSiTOV r)v ; rl irpwrov rjv ; 
 Tt? r)V ev rj fiaTTOfxeOa fievroi, raXtpora ; 
 otiJLOi, Tt? r)v ; SS2. OVK e? K6paKa<; d-jro^Oepel, 
 eTriXrja/jiOTaTov Kal aKaioTarov yepovriov ; 
 ST. otfioi, Ti ovv Brjd' 6 KaKoBaC/j,Q}v -TreLcrofiai ; 775 
 
 diro yap oKovjMai fir) fiadwv yXwTTOcTTpo^elv. 
 dXX\ 0) Nec^eXat, ^^piyo-TW tc av/jL^ovXevaare. 
 XO. rjfjiei'; fiev, & irpea^vra, avfi^ovXevofiev, 
 el crot Tt? vl6<i ea-TCV eKjeOpajjifiivo^, 
 
 irkfi'irei.v eKelvov dvrl aavrov fiavddveiv. 780 
 
 ST. dXX' ear efioiy vlb<; koXo'; re KayaOoi' 
 
 dXX' OVK eOeXei yap fiavOdveiv, Tt eya> irdOo) ; 
 XO. (TV 8' eVtrpeTret? ; ST. evaoj/jLarel yap koI a^pi,ya, 
 Ka<TT m yvvaiKmv evirripccv twv Koicrvpa^. 
 
 drdp jieTeific y avrov rjv Be /J,r] 6eXr], 785 
 
 OVK ea6' oTrw; ovk e^eXSi 'k ttj? ot/ct'a?. 
 
 767. 8i8afaijLi>))/.J Ebnsley would read interpretation (see note at 1320 infra), but 
 Si&d^acfi av. If the old reading is to be by supposing Socrates to have handed 
 defended, it must be, not by Hermann's over, or to have intended handing over 
 
THE CLOUDS. 69 
 
 To have a debt like that clean blotted out. 
 SocR. Come, then, make haste and snap up this. Streps. Well, what? 
 SocR. How to prevent an adversary's suit 
 
 Supposing you were sure to lose it ; tell me. 
 Streps. O, nothing easier. Socr. How, pray ? Streps. Why thus. 
 
 While there was yet one trial intervening. 
 
 Ere mine was cited, I'd go hang myself. 
 Socr. Absurd ! Streps. No, by the Gods, it isn't though : 
 
 They could not prosecute me were I dead. 
 Socr. Nonsense ! Be off : I'll try no more to teach you. 
 Streps. Why not? do, please: now, please do, Socrates. 
 Socr. Why you forget all that you learn, directly. 
 
 Come, say what you learnt first : there's a chance for you. 
 Streps. Ah ! what was first? — Dear me : whatever was it? — 
 
 Whatever's that we knead the barley in ? — 
 
 Bless us, what was it ? Socr. Be off, and feed the crows. 
 
 You most forgetful, most absurd old dolt ! 
 Streps. me ! what will become of me, poor devil ! 
 
 I'm clean undone : I haven't learnt to speak. — 
 
 gracious Clouds, now do advise me something. 
 Chor. Our counsel, ancient friend, is simply this. 
 
 To send your son, if you have one at home. 
 
 And let him learn this wisdom in your stead. 
 Streps. Yes ! I've a son, quite a fine gentleman : 
 
 But he wont learn, so what am I to do ? 
 Chor. What! is he master? Streps. Well: he's strong and vigorous. 
 
 And he's got some of the Ccesyra blood within him : 
 
 StiU I'll go for him, and if he won't come 
 
 By aU the Gods I'll turn him out of doors. 
 
 the education of Strepsiades either to the any more." Or the [middle may be used 
 Clouds, or to his own more advanced pupils: merely in an active sense. See Schol. 
 " I will not have you taught in my School Triclinii in Soph. Ant. 356. 
 
70 NE^EAAI. 
 
 dXX' iiravdfieivov fi oXCyov elcre\0ci)v 'xpovov. 
 XO. ap aladdvei ifKelcyra Bi rifjLa<s wyd6" avrix e^<ov 
 
 fi6va<; deSiV ; to? 
 
 eroifio'; oS' iarlv avavra hpav 790 
 
 oa av KeK€vrj(;. 
 
 a-v S' dvSpb'i iKTreTrXTj^fievov koI (f)aveptt)<; iirripfievov 
 
 jvovi aTroXdylreit, o Tt ifKelaTOV Bvvacrai, 
 
 Ta%e&)?' (fiiXel yap ttw? to, tomvO' eTspa rperrea-Oai. 
 ST. ovTOt lid TTjv 'Ofilx^vv er evravOl ixevelr 795 
 
 dXX' eaOC ikdwv roix; MeyaxXeovi Kiova^. 
 ^E. Si BaifjLOVie, tl xprifia 7rdcrxei<;, w irarep ; 
 
 ovK eS i^poveh /jm tov Aia tov ^OXvp/inov. 
 ST. ISov y IBoi) Al' 'OXvfji'jnov' t»5? fitopiar 
 
 TO Ala vofil^eiv, ovra TrfKiKovrovi. "10 
 
 $E. tI Be TOVT eyekaaas ireov ; ST. ivOvfiov/J^vo'; 
 
 OTi, iraiZdpiOV el Ka\ <j)poveL<; dp^alKd. 
 
 ofiQ}'; ye fxiqv irpSaeXO', 'Cv elBfj<; irXelova, 
 
 Kal croi ^pdcrco "Trpayfj/ o av fiaOcov dvqp eaei. 
 
 oTTft)? Be. rovTO fir) StSd^et? firjBeva. 815 
 
 ^E.lBov' Tl, earov ; ST. a)fiocra<; vvvl Aia. 
 ^E. eyoyy'. ST. bpa'; ovv to? dyadov to fiavddveiv ; 
 
 OVK ecrrtv, & ^eiBunriBri, Zew. ^E. dWd Ti? ; 
 
 ST. Aivo^ ^acriXevei, tov At,' e'^eXTjXaKco?. 
 ^E. ai^oi, Tt XTjpeiv ; ST. 'iadi toO^' ovTa)<s expv. 820 
 
 810. TTjXiKouTovi.] TeXciai/ 'dxovTa rriv ia Latin, is too well known to require 
 
 riXidau <a\ 6(j>,iKovTa Trdvra eiScVai. Scho- i^oti^e. For instances near at hand, see 
 
 liast. And so I have translated it : yet I supr. 533 : Equites 179,. 1255 : (Ed. Col. 
 
 think that the foUowing verses require it 393. It is never used in an unworthy 
 
 to be used not in its usual signification sense. And therefore I cannot but think 
 
 ' old as you are,' but in a signification it that Mr. Linwood is entirely wrong in 
 
 sometimes bears, ' young as you are.' accepting Hermann's interpretation of 
 
 814. avfip.] The honourable signifi- that difficult passage in the Philoctetes, 
 
 cation attached to dvijp in Greek, as to vir dv&p6s toi t6 fiev ev diKaiov (iTreiv, elirovTos 
 
THE CLOUDS. 71 
 
 Go in one moment, I'll be back directly. 
 Chor. Dost thou not see how bounteous we our favours free , 
 Will shower on you. 
 Since whatsoe'er your will prepare 
 This dupe will do. 
 
 But now that you have dazzled and elated so your man. 
 
 Make haste and seize whate'er you please as quickly as you can, 
 
 For cases such as these, my Mend, are very prone to change and bend. 
 Streps. Be off : you shan't stop here : so help me Mist ! 
 
 There, run and grub at Megacles's Marbles. 
 Pheid. How now, my father? what's i'the wind to-day? 
 
 You're wandering; by Olympian Zeus, you are. 
 Streps. Look there ! Olympian Zeus ! you blockhead you. 
 
 Come to your age, and yet believe in Zeus ! 
 Pheid. Why prithee, what's the joke ? Streps. 'Tis so preposterous 
 
 When babes like you hold antiquated notions. 
 
 But come and I'll impart a thing or two, 
 
 A wrinkle, making you a man indeed. 
 
 But, mind : don't whisper this to any one. 
 Pheid. Well, what's the matter? Streps. Didn't you swear by Zeus? 
 Pheid. I did. Streps. See now, how good a thing is learning. 
 
 There is no Zeus, Phidippides. Pheid. Who then? 
 Streps. Why Vortex reigns, and he has turned out Zeus. 
 Pheid. Oh me, what stuff. Streps. Be sure that this is so. 
 
 8e [U] (jidovepav i^Sxrai. y\acra-as oSivav. applaud justice, as you do : but to do it 
 
 1140. They translate it, " 'Tis human na- without thus abusing [the unjust] :" or 
 
 ture to call interest justice ; therefore the last clause may be translated "and to 
 
 don't abuse a man who does it." This abuse the unjust [/^^ ^^owpai/] with impu- 
 
 would be av6pi,TTov : it is avepamwov, not nity," making the ^^dras refer to the feel- 
 
 Mpetov to do so. I would translate it ing of the audience towards the speaker, 
 
 thus : " 'Tis the part of a true man— what not the feeling of the speaker towards the 
 
 is 1 TO p.iV, firstly, ev elneiv SUaiov, to unjust. 
 
72 NE^EAAt. 
 
 ^E. Tt? ^Tjcri Tavra ; ST. So^KpaTij^ 6 M'i]\io<; 
 
 Koi Xaipe<^5}V, 09 oihe ra yjrvWtbv ix^V- 
 ^E. cri) S' eh roaovrov tmv fiaviav e\.i]\v6a'i 
 
 war' dvSpdaiv irelOei xp^oiyaiv ; XT. evarofiei, 
 
 Kal fjirjBev elVjj? (fiXavpov avhpa^ Se^iov^ 8£5 
 
 Kol vovu expPTa'i' cov virb TJ79 <f>eiScoXla<; 
 
 direKeipar ovSet? irunroT ovW Tj'Ktii^aTO 
 
 ouS' eh ^aXavelov rjKde Xovcrojievor av he 
 
 wcnrep Te9veS)ro<; KaraXoei fiov top ^iov. 
 
 dX)C ft)? Ta-XLCTT eXQmv inrep ifiov fidv6ave. 830 
 
 $S. tI S' av Trap" eKelvatv koX /j,d6oi ^PV^^ov rts dv ; 
 ST. dX7]6e<! ; oaairep eW iv dvOpcoiroii aoipd- 
 
 •yvcoaei Se aavrov to? dfiadrji el Kal Trap^w. 
 
 a\X' eiravdiieivov \x! oXi'yov evravdl xpovov. 
 $E. o'ifioi, n Spdaa iTapa^povovvTO<; rov irarpog ; 835 
 
 TTOTepa TrapavoM'i avTov elaayajaiv eXco, 
 
 rj TOL<; aopOTTTiyoh ttjv fiaviav avrov cjjpdcrco ; 
 
 821. SwKpdTijs- 6 M^Xtos.j This at- with quoting the following observations 
 
 tempted identification of the opinions of from Josephus's most learned treatise 
 
 Socrates with those of Diagoras of Melos, against Apion, ii. 38. I give them in the 
 
 although it cannot be excused, yet may be translation of Whiston, only making a 
 
 palliated by the remark that as Diagoras slight alteration in one place where it 
 
 was not impeached for his atheism till does not represent the sense of the origi- 
 
 about thirteeen years after the date of this nal. "ApoUonius," says Josephus, " did not 
 
 play, we may well imagine that his impiety know how that the Athenians punished 
 
 if notorious (as it must have been for this those that spoke contrary to their laws 
 
 allusion to have had any effect), had not about the Gods, without mercy : for on 
 
 as yet assumed that offensive shape, which what other account was it that Socrates 
 
 was afterwards thought to caU for public was put to death by them? There 
 
 interference. Wiggers, in his Life of So- was also Anaxagoras, who although he 
 
 crates (chapter 6), holds up that phUo- was a citizen of Clazomense, was within a 
 
 sopher as the single exception to the free few suffrages of being condemned to die, 
 
 toleration of religious opinions by the because he said the sun, which the 
 
 Athenians. A most astonishing assertion : Athenians thought to be a God, was a 
 
 the reverse of which could be proved by baU of fire. They also made this public 
 
 innumerable examples. I content myself proclamation that they woidd give a talent 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 73 
 
 Pheid. 
 
 Pheid. Who says so, pray? Streps. The Melian— Socrates, 
 And Chaerephon, who knows about the flea-tracks. 
 And are you come to such a pitch of madness 
 As to put faith in brain-struck men ? Streps. Fie ! Fie ! 
 Don't you blaspheme such very dexterous men 
 And sapient too : men of such frugal habits 
 They never shave, nor use your precious ointment. 
 Nor go to baths to clean themselves : but you 
 Have taken me for a corpse and cleaned me out. 
 Come, come, make haste, do go and learn for me. 
 
 Pheid. What can one learn from them that is worth knowing? 
 
 Streps. Learn ! why whatever's clever in the world : 
 
 And you shall learn how gross and dense you are. 
 But stop one moment : I'll be back directly. 
 
 Pheid. me ! what must I do with my mad father ? 
 Shall I indict him for his lunacy, 
 Or tell the undertakers of his symptoms ? 
 
 to any one who would hill Diagoras of 
 Mdoa, because it was reported that he 
 laughed at their mysteries. Protagoras 
 also, who was thought to have written 
 somewhat that was not owned for truth by 
 the Athenians about the Gods, had been 
 seized upon, and put to death, if he had 
 not fled immediately. Nor need we 
 wonder that they treated men in this 
 manner, when they did not even spare 
 women : for they very lately slew a cer- 
 tain priestess, because she was accused 
 that she initiated people into the worship 
 of strange Gods ; it having been for- 
 bidden so to do by one of their laws, 
 and a capital punishment had been de- 
 creed to such as introduced a strange 
 God And this was the happy ad- 
 ministration of the affairs of the Athe- 
 
 nians !" 
 
 828. Xouo-o'/xffos.J Bergler refers to 
 Aves, 1282. ippinav ia-aKparau (" they 
 went unwashed and slovenly like so many 
 Socrates's." Frere): and Mitchell adds Id. 
 1553. \iixvrj Tts eVr', aXoVTOs ov xj/v^ayayei 
 2a>KpdTrjs. That this is not a mere 
 calumny, the following words, brought by 
 the same commentator from the opening 
 scene of Plato's Symposium, seem to shew, 
 €(f>Tj yap ol ^coKpaTTj ivrvx^Xv \c\ovpevov re 
 Koi Tag IBXavras viroSedepevoif, a ckupos 
 oXiyaKts enoUi. There is a very curious 
 passage quoted from Epictetus (or rather 
 from Arrian) by Mr. Gilbert Cooper : Sm- 
 Kpdrr]s oXtyaKts eXoticro" for the fact was 
 that his person was so inlxapi and rj&i 
 that he did not require it. 
 
845 
 
 74 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ^T. (j}ep I'Sft), (TV rovTovl tl vofiL^eii ; eliri [jlol, 
 
 ^E. oKcKTpvova. ST. KoXm je. ravrrjvl Se ri ; 
 
 ^E. oXeKTpvov. ST. dfi^co tuvto ; KaTivyeKaaTO<i el 840 
 
 fii^ vvv TO Xoivbv, aWa T'qvBe fiev KoXeiv 
 
 aXeicTpvMvav, toutovI 8' aXeKTopa. 
 $E. oKeKTpvaivav ; tuvt '6fia6e<; tA SeftA 
 
 eiaco irapeKOaiv apn irapa rovi yrjiyeveig ; 
 ST. 'ya/repd je ttoXX'" aXX' 6 rt /MadoifJb eKacrrore, 
 
 e7reXavdav6/j,r)v av cvdv<s viro ifKrjdovi eVwi/. 
 ^E. Bia Tavra Si) fcal dolfidriov aTrtaXecra? ; 
 ST. oXTC ovk diroXiiiXeic, aX\A KaTa'!re(f)povTiKa. 
 ^E. Ta? 8' e/t/3a8a? tto? TeTpocf)a<;, Mvorjre av ; 
 ST. SxTTrep UepiKXir]'; els to Beov dirmXeaa. 850 
 
 dXX' Wi, ^dSi^, 'ieofiev elra tS> TrarpX 
 
 TreiOofjLevo'; i^dfiapre' Kor/m roi ttotc 
 
 o18' e^irei, aoi TpavXicravri 7n66/j,evo';, 
 
 ov -TTpcoTov o^oXov eXu^ov 'HXiaariKov, 
 
 TovTov '"TTpid/xTjv <Toi AiacTioi,'; dfia^iBa. 855 
 
 ^E. rj /jbrjv (TV TOVTOi,<; t& %pw« ttot' d')(6e(Tei,. 
 ST. ev y oti eVeicr^ij?. Sevpo Sevp', Si SdaicpaTe^, 
 
 e^eXO'' ar/o) ydp aoL tov vlov tovtovI, 
 
 aKOVT dvaTreCcra^. Sfl. vrj-rrvTbO'; jdp eVr' en, 
 
 Kol T&v Kpe/jLaOpu)v ov TpC/3(i}V Twv iv6dBe. 860 
 
 ^E. ai/T09 TpC^cov el'?;? dv, el Kpefiaio je. 
 ST. OVK 6? K6paKa<; ; tcarapa (tv tS BiBa(TKdXa> ; 
 
 844. yrjyfvels.] The Scholiast gives after the expiration of the five years truce, 
 two interpretations ; one, that they lived B.C. 445, was assailed at once on three 
 under ground, which Mitchell adopts : the sides by her adversaries, viz., in Buboea, 
 other, that it refers to the attacks made Megara, and by a Spartan invasion, Peri- 
 hy the Titans on the Gods, which is re- cles, before turning his arms against the 
 ceived by Bergler, Brunck, and generally, two former, managed to buy ofiE the Spar- 
 It may perhaps merely signify prodigies tan leaders, Cleandridas and the young 
 of wisdom. king Pleistoanax, by a bribe of ten talents. 
 
 850. wuTvip Ile/DiKXcijf.] When Athens, Both these leaders were obliged to leave 
 
THE CLOUDS. 75 
 
 Streps. Now then ! you see this, don't you ? what do you Call it ? 
 Pheid. That ? why a fowl. Streps. Good ! now then, what is this ? 
 Pheid. That's a fowl too. Streps. What both ! Eidiculous ! 
 
 Never say that again, but mind you always 
 
 Call this a fowless and the other a fowl. 
 Pheid. A fowless ! These then are the mighty secrets 
 
 You have picked up amongst those Giants there. 
 Streps. And lots besides : but everything I learn 
 
 I straight forget : I am so old and stupid. 
 Pheid. And this is what you've lost your mantle for ? 
 Streps. It's very absent sometimes : 'tisn't lost. 
 Pheid. And what have you done with your shoes you mad old dotard ? 
 Streps. Like Pericles, all for the best, I've lost them. 
 
 Come, come ; go with me : humour me in this. 
 
 And then do what you like. Ah ! I remember 
 
 How I to humour you, a coaxing baby. 
 
 With the first obol which my judgeship fetched me 
 
 Bought you a go-cart at the great Diasia. 
 Pheid. The time will come when you'll repent of this. 
 Streps. Good boy to obey me. Hollo ! Socrates. 
 
 Come here j come here ; I've brought this son of mine. 
 
 Trouble enough, I'll warrant you. Socr. Poor infant 
 
 Not yet aware of my suspension-wonders. 
 Pheid. You'd make a wondrous piece of ware, suspended. 
 Streps. Hey ! go to pot ! Do you abuse the Master ? 
 
 Sparta on the suspicion of bribery, and "wbathewaslookingsothoughtful about 1" 
 
 Pericles was of course unwilling to convert "I was thinking," said the statesman, "how 
 
 this suspicion into a certainty, by pub- to give an account of those ten talents." 
 
 licly avowing in what manner he had ex- " No w if I were you," retorted the boy, " I 
 
 pended so much of the public money. would think how not to give an account 
 
 Sitting one day in the room with his little of them." Pericles took the advice so 
 
 ward Alcibiades, he was endeavouring to readily given, and merely reported to the 
 
 strike out some excuse for the deficiency Assembly that he had spent them els to 
 
 of the money, when Alcibiades asked him Se'oj/, for the good of the commonwealth. 
 
 l2 
 
76 NE^EAAI. 
 
 SSI. ISoii Kpefiao, co? ■^XCOiov i(})di'y^aTO 
 
 Kol Tolcn y^eCXecrtv SieppvrjKoaiv. 
 
 TTws av fiddoo TTod' ovToi; airoipev^iv BCKr](; 865 
 
 ^ Kkriaiv fj ')(avva>aLV avaTreicfTripiav ; 
 
 KaiTOi ToXdvTOv TOVT efiadev 'Tirep^dko'^. 
 ST. dfieKet,, SiSaaKe' 0viM6cro(p6<s ecrnv (pvcref 
 
 evdv'i ye rot, TraiSdpiov op tvvvovtovl 
 
 evXaTTEv evSov olKia<; vav<; r e'yXv(f>ev, 870 
 
 d/j,a^iSa'i re aKvrCvas elpyd^eTO, 
 
 KOLK Toiv aiSlav ^arpd'xpvs eiToiei ttw? 5ok€49. 
 
 OTTft)? 8' iKeivco to) Xoyco fiaOtjcreTat., 
 
 TOP KpelfTov, 6<TrL<i earl, koX tov ^ttovu, 
 
 o? TaSiKa Xiycov dvarpeiret, tov KpeCrrova' 875 
 
 iav Sh firj, TOV yovv uSlkov "Trdcrrj Te-^vrj. 
 Hfi. avTO'i fiaOrjaeTai Trap avTOiv toIv Xoyoiv. 
 ST. eyot) S' direao/Mai,. tovto S' ovv fiefivrja, ottw? 
 
 7r/3o? TT&VTa TO, SiKM dvTiXiyeiv Svv^creTai. 
 AI. %a)pe4 Bevpl, Bel^ov aavrov 880 
 
 Tolab BeaTol'i, KaCirep Opaav'i &v. 
 A A. "16' oTToi XPV^^^''" '^0^^ yap fiaXXov a 
 
 iv TOi? TToXXolai Xiy<ov aTToXSi. 
 AI. diroXet^ (TV ; rt? oji' ; AA. X6yo<i. AI. rjTiwv y" &v. 
 
 AA. dXXd ae vncS), tov ifiov KpeuTTO} 885 
 
 (j)dcrKOVT elvai. AI. rt <to<^ov "ttoouv ; 
 
 AA. yvmfiat; xaiva^ e^evplaKwv. 
 
 866. xai'J'iBo-tj' avaweuTTqp'iav.l The best effects upon the audience." 'Orav tov av- 
 
 iuterpretation of this is that of the Soho- tiSiVou npopdWovros \6yovs Tridavovs, els 
 
 liast. x"^'"""''-' i^ ' ^ dissolving, refuting' Toivavriov rts airovs Treptrpn^, kol xaivovs 
 
 of arguments, avaTtWTTqpLa is not ' per- koI aixdeveis woiijo-t/, hia rav Xdyo)!/ avrov 
 
 suasive,' but ' dissuasive.' The phrase avajrf I'o-ar roiis 8i<a(rras as ap' aKridq \eyei. 
 
 means then, " a weakening of the speech Scholiast, 
 of your adversary, so as to make it lose its 880. Here the two Logics are intro- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 77 
 
 Socu. And look, • suthspended !' How absurd he mouthed it 
 
 With pouting lips, and soft affected Hsp, 
 
 How can he learn evasion of a suit, 
 
 Timely citation, damaging replies ? 
 
 Hyperbolus, though, learnt them for a talent. 
 Stkeps. O never fear ! he's very sharp, by nature. 
 
 Por when he was a little chap, so high. 
 
 He used to build small baby-houses, boats. 
 
 Go-carts of leather, darling Httle frogs 
 
 Carved out of peach-stones, you can't think how nicely ! 
 
 So now, I prithee, teach him both your Logics, 
 
 The Better, as you call it, and the Worse 
 
 Which with the worse cause can defeat the Better ; 
 
 Or if not both, at all events the Worse. 
 SocR. Aye, with his own ears he shall hear them argue. 
 Streps, Well, I must go : and do remember this. 
 
 Give him the knack of reasoning down aU Justice. 
 Right Logic. Come shew yourself now with your confident brow. 
 
 — To the stage, if you dare ! 
 Wrong Logic. " Lead on if you please :" I shall smash you with ease. 
 
 If an audience be there. 
 Right L. You'll smash me, you say ! And who are you, pray ? 
 Wrong L. A Logic, like you. Right L. But the Worst of the two. 
 Wrong L. Yet you I can drub whom my Better they dub. 
 Right L. By what artifice taught ? ' Wrong L. By original thought. 
 
 duced, according to the Scholiast, in two New schools to which these two poets re- 
 cages spurring at each other like fighting spectively belonged, that are here in- 
 cocks, but this is not likely, nor indeed tended, this conjecture is also wholly 
 consistent with line 1091 infra. Kanke unnecessary. 
 
 and Mitchell believe that ^schylus and 882. W Sttoi xpnT^'s-] These words 
 
 Euripides are represented by the two are from the Telephus of Euripides, cf. 
 
 Logics, but although it is the Old and infr. 914. 
 
78 NE^EAAI. 
 
 AI, ravra yap avdel Bia rovTOvcrt 
 
 Tov<; avo^Tovi. 
 AA. oiiK, aXKa ffocpoiK}. AI. airokSi ae kukw. 890 
 
 AA. elire, ri iroiSiv ; AI. ret BUaia Xeywv. 
 
 AA. oMC avaTpe^co '<yavT avTiKeyav 
 
 ovBe yap elvat irdvv <pr)fu Siktjv. 
 AI. ovK elvai ^57? ; AA. <])ipe yap, irov 'artv ; 
 
 AI. irapa rolcn 6eoi<;. 895 
 
 A A, 77W? hrjTa BlKrj<; ova'r]<; 6 Zeiit 
 
 OVK aTToXaiXev tov irarep' avrov 
 
 hrjcra'i ; AI. al^oi, tovtI Kal Sr] 
 
 ^wpet TO KaKov Sore /toi. XeKavqv. 
 AA. Tv<fioyep(ov el Kavdpfioaro'i. 900 
 
 AI. KaTairvymv el KavaL(T')(yvTO<i. 
 AA. poSa fi e'lprjKa'i. AI. Kal /Sw/xoXot^o?. 
 AA. Kpiveat, aTe(j>avol<;. AI. Kal TraTpakoiwi. 
 AA. %/3vo'0) •jraTTcov /j,' ov yiyva)aKei<s. 
 
 AI. ov Sjjra Trpb tov y, dXKa /u.oXu/3S&). 905 
 
 AA. vvv Be ye Koafio^ tovt ecrrlv ifioL 
 AI. Opacrv'i el ttoWov. AA. aii Be y dpyalo^. 
 AI. Bia ae Be (ponav 
 
 896. o Zfvs.] The two following pas- from .^schylus Eumenides 640. The 
 sages, referred to by Bergler, will instantly Furies are speaking : 
 recur to the minds of all. The first is 
 
 Tlarphs irpori/x^ Zeds tJ.6pov, Tif trij) \6y(ft 
 
 aurhs 5* e5?j(re TvaTepa •npecr^vr'ov Kp6vov, 
 
 TlS>s ravTa to6tols oiiK iyavrlus Aeyeis ; 
 
 The second is where Buthyphon justifies Wrong for Him and for myself V ovTias 
 
 his own unfilial conduct from the ex- avroi eavrols ra evdvna Xiyovcri nepi re 
 
 ample of Zeus. " Men say that Zeus is rS>i/ eeav koI nepl inov. Plat. Euthyphion 
 
 the best and holiest of the Gods, and yet 6. A. Plato (Republic ii. 378) indignantly 
 
 they confess He bound His father ; and reproves the promulgators of such fables, 
 
 are they wroth with me, because I would " I do not think," he says, " that what 
 
 rightfully punish mine ? Is not this setting Kronus did to his father and what he 
 
 up a different standard of Right and suffered fvom his son, should be said thus 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 79 
 
 Right L. 
 
 Wrong L, 
 Wrong L, 
 Wrong L, 
 
 Eight L. 
 Eight L. 
 
 Right L. 
 
 Wrong L 
 Eight L. 
 Wrong L, 
 Wrong L, 
 Wrong L, 
 Eight L. 
 Wrong L 
 Eight L. 
 Right L. 
 
 Ah ! these blockheads have made 
 
 Yours a flourishing trade. 
 
 Not blockheads, but wise. Right L. Til smash you and your lies ! 
 
 By what method, forsooth ? Right L. By speaking the Truth. 
 
 Your words I wiU meet, and entirely defeat : 
 
 There never was Justice or Truth, I repeat. 
 
 No Justice ! you say ? Wrong L. Well, where does it stay ? 
 
 With the Gods in the air. Wrong L. If Justice be there. 
 
 How comes it that Zeus could his father reduce. 
 
 Yet live with their Godships unpunished and loose ? 
 
 Ugh ! Ugh ! These evils come thick, I feel awfully sick, 
 
 A bason, quick, quick ! 
 
 You musty old dame ! 
 
 You monster in shame! 
 
 Hey ! Roses, I swear. 
 
 What ! LUies from you ? 
 
 You shower gold on my head. 
 
 Yes ! it used to be lead. 
 
 But now it's a grace and a glory instead. 
 
 You're a little too bold. Wrong L. You're a good deal too old. 
 
 'Tis through you I well know not a stripling will go 
 
 Right L. You lickspittle there ! 
 Right L. You're a parricide too \ 
 
 openly among weak and silly boys ; no, 
 tales Kke these should, if possible, be 
 hushed up altogether, or if we must nar- 
 rate them, it should be done as some deep 
 and inscrutable mystery, and we should 
 take precautions that but few should be 
 there to hear them. Aye, and we will not 
 have them told at all in the city we are 
 forming. We will not have it told our 
 children that, let them plunge into the 
 deepest depths of crime, let them maltreat 
 their father for his errors to any extent 
 they please, they will not be striking out 
 any novel and prodigious Hne, they will 
 
 but be doing what the best and mightiest 
 of the Gods have done before them." cf. 
 infra ad 1063. 
 
 902. ^ffl^oXo'xor.J Aspasius, an old 
 Greek philosopher who wrote a com- 
 mentary on Aristotle, in his note ad Eth. 
 Nic. iv. viii. 3. derives this word from the 
 birds of prey who haunt the altars [Xo;^5o-t 
 Toh ^miiois] and such like places for the 
 sake of the remnants of victims offered 
 there : and thinks it thence applied to 
 buffoons who pry everywhere for materials 
 for jokes and sneering. 
 
go NE^EAAI. 
 
 ovBeU ideXei twv fieipuKLCov 
 
 Koi ryvmadTjcrei T-or 'A9'nvaioi<! 910 
 
 oTa 8(8ao-«6i? Tov? avorjTov^. 
 AA. aux/^et? alcrxpw'j- AI. av Be y eii. TrpaTrei?. 
 
 KavTOi irporepov y eVrtu^eue?, 
 
 T'^\e^o<; elvai Mvcrb^ (pda-Kcov. 
 
 Sk iT'rjpiZiov "-'•^ 
 
 yva)fia<; rpayyav JJavheKereiovi. 
 AA. (Ofioi <TOi^ia<; rj<; ep.vrjcrO'q';. 
 AI. (Ofioi fiaviaf Trji; <7^9, woKew d\ 
 
 rjTi<; ae rpi^ei 
 
 \vixaiv6fievov to?? (iei,paKioi<;. 9"0 
 
 A A. ov-)(i StSa^ets tovtov Kpovo'; wv. 
 AI. e'lTrep y avrov crcodrjvai XPV 
 
 Koi fif] XaXtav fiovov aaKrjaai,. 
 AA. Bevp Wi, TOVTOV S' ea /xaivecrdai. 
 
 AI. KXavcrei, ttjv %6t/3' '>]v eVt/SaXXT;?. 925 
 
 XO. TravaaaOe fidyTji; koi XoiBoplai;. 
 
 dX,X' eTToBei^ai 
 
 crv T6 TOv<; -rrpoTepovs arf e'St'Saff/ce?, 
 
 (TV Te Tr]V Kaivfjv 
 
 TraiBevcrtv, otto)? civ a.Kovaa'i <7(f>wv 930 
 
 avTiXeyovTOiv Kpiva<; ipoiTa. 
 AI. Bpdv ravT eOeKw. AA. Kaymy edeXco. 
 
 XO. (j)epe St] TTorepo? Xe^et "wpoTepos ; 
 
 AA. TOVTU) BdacTW 
 
 KaT eK TovTQJV S)V av Xe^rj 935 
 
 prjfiaTloKJiv KaivoK avTov 
 
 Kol BiavoLaii KaTOTO^evao}. 
 
 TO TeXevTOLOV B , rjv dvaypv^r], 
 
 TO TTpoamirov wrrav koX Tm<j)6aX/J,a> 
 
 KevTov/j.evo'i Si<nrep inr dv6p7)vSiv 940 
 
 916. navSEXfTfioDs.] Nothing is known of this Pandeletus : he appears to have been 
 
THE CLOUDS. 81 
 
 To attend to the rules which are taught in the Schools ; 
 
 But Athens one day shall be up to the fools. 
 WiiONG L. How squalid your dress ! Eight L. Yours is iine, I confess. 
 
 Yet when alms to implore at every one's door 
 
 Once you borrowed the garments which Telephus wore, 
 
 You thought it a treat as you begged through the street 
 
 The scraps by Pandeletus hoarded to eat. 
 Wrong L. me ! for the wisdom you've mentioned in jest ! 
 Right L. me ! for the folly of you, and the rest 
 
 Who you to destroy their children employ ! 
 Wrong L. Well, weU, you'll have nothing to do with this boy. 
 Eight L. If not, he'll be lost, as he'll find to his cost : 
 
 Taught nothing by you but gossip untrue. 
 Wrong L. He raves, as you see : let him be, let him be. 
 Eight L. Touch him if you dare ! I bid^you beware. 
 Chor. Forbear, forbear to wrangle and scold ! 
 Each of you shew 
 
 You what you taught their fathers of old, 
 You let us know 
 
 Your system untried, that hearing each side 
 
 From the lips of the Eivals the youth may decide 
 To which of your schools he will go. 
 Eight L. This then will I do. Wrong L. And so will I too, 
 Chor. And who will put in his claim to begin ? 
 Wrong L. If Ae wishes, he may : I kindly give way : 
 
 But mind that, as soon as he's finished his say, 
 
 I will strike him and hit with sharp arrows of wit, 
 
 And keen enigmatical proverbs emit. 
 
 And at last if a word from his mouth shall be heard 
 
 My sayings like fierce savage hornets shall pierce 
 His forehead and eyes, 
 
 a sycophant and sophist of the ignobler kind. 
 
82 NE^EAAI. 
 
 vtro TOiV jvafitbv aivoKelrai. 
 XO. vvv Zei^eTov tw -niavvw TOt? TreptSe^ioicro 
 
 XojOial Kol (ppOVTCal, Kol JVOOjJLOTVWOi^ fieplflVMS, 
 
 OTTOTepof; avrolv Xeyaiv afieivwv (pavrjcreTai,. 
 
 vvv yap aiTa<; ivddSe KivSvvo'i avelrai ao(f>ia';, 945 
 
 ■^? irepi Tot? ifioii ^/Xot? iarlv aycbv p.eytaTO';. 
 aXX' CO TToXXot? Tovs -Tj-pea^vrepovi rjdecn -)(^pr](TTol<; aTe(pav(aaa<:, 
 prj^ov (pcovrjv r/rivi, ')(a[pei<i, Kol ttjv aaVTOV ^vaiv eiire. 
 AI. Xe^o) Toivvv rrjv ap-)(aiav ivaLielav, co? BieKeno, 
 
 OT iycb TO, hiicaM Xeytov I'jvOovv koI aaxppocrvvr] vevofiiaro. 950 
 
 irpaiTOV p-ev eSet TraiSo? ^covrjv ypv^avro'; firjBev aicovaaf 
 
 eira /SaS/feti/ iv toIclv oSoXs evTaKTw; eh Kidapbcnov 
 
 T0119 Kap^-qra^ yvpvov'i a0p6ov<;, Kel KpipvwBr] KaTavKpot. 
 
 elr av Trpopadetv aap! iBiSaaKev, to) p,7jpa> p-q ^vve)(0VTa<i, 
 
 rj IlaXXdSa TrepcriTToXiv hetvav, rj TrjXeTTopov Ti I36apa, 955 1 
 
 evTeivapevov; irjv dppoviav, rjv ol irarepe'i irapkhcoKav. 
 
 el Se Tt? avTOOv ^o}p,oXo)(evaaiT rj KapAfreiev Tiva Kap,Trrjv, 
 
 949. This long anapjestic metre is fre- far was this from being contrary to the 
 
 quently called "Aristophanic" by the Scho- Socratic teaching, that Sextus Empiricus 
 
 liast. He here gives a reason for it ; (adv. Mathematicos, vi. 13. adv. Musicos) 
 
 TovTo TO nerpov 'Apiarocjidveiov fcaXeiTai, teUs us that Socrates even in his old age 
 
 cVf 1 fi8oKi/i)j(re Xiyav "Or fyi> Ta SUata was not ashamed to attend the lessons of 
 
 Xeyfflj' ^'v6ovv Koi aaxppoa-vvri vfvofiujro. the famous harpist, Lampon ; 01 re fiiya 
 
 That the admiration of this speech has bvvr^divris iv <pi\oo-o(j)ia, Kadanep xal nXa- 
 
 not decreased in modem times, may be rmi/, tqv irotpov ofioiov (pamv e'cat ra 
 
 judged from the foDowing sentences quo- Mo;.o-«<S, rfiv ^v^^v i)pp.o,riiL(VT)v ^x""™', 
 
 ted by Mr. B'litchell from the celebrated (Pabricius refers this to RepubHc, book 
 
 Ranke. Equidem eum, qui banc orationem ^^ _ j ^j^^^j^ ^^^j^^^ ^^^^ g^^^^^ 
 
 sine admiratione legere potest, non omni . „ ,. ^ t 1 ,„„-,,■,- 
 
 , .5 1 13 aUudmg to Laches, 188, D. hoKei u.01 
 
 solum sensu ommque ratione cassum, sed , , . % 
 
 morum perversorum amatorem adeo esse ' f^" 
 
 judico. Nullum unquam poetam nee ^''^'' Vm""-/^^'""?- See the whole passage : 
 
 majorem nee sanctiorem fuisse quam nos- ^^* *'^« *opi<= i^ * favourite one with Plato ;) 
 
 trum Aristophanem ex hac oratione disci- •^"^^ '"'' ^oKparris Ka'mep ^advyrjpas ^8r) 
 
 mus. ypyoj/ms oIk rjbnro Trpos hap-nava TOf Ki- 
 
 ^ 952, eis Ki6api(TTov.~\ the Harpist. So 6api<rTT)V <j>oiTa)V' xai tt/joj tov im roira 
 
THE CLOUDS. 83 
 
 Till in fear and distraction he yields and he— dies ! 
 Choetjs. With thoughts and words and maxims pondered well 
 Now then in confidence let both begin : 
 Try which his rival can in speech excel : 
 Try which this perilous wordy war can win, 
 Which all my votaries' hopes are fondly centred in. 
 Thou who wert born our sires to adorn with characters blameless and fair, 
 Say on what you please, say on and to these your glorious Nature declare. 
 Right L. To hear then prepare of the Discipline rare which flourished in Athens of yore 
 
 When Honour and Truth were in fashion with youth and Frugality bloomed on our shore ; 
 First of all the old rule was preserved in our school that ' boys should be seen and not heard :' 
 And then to the home of the Harpist would come decorous in action and word 
 All the lads of one town, though the snow peppered down, in spite of all wind and all weather: 
 And they sung an old song as they paced it along, not shambling with thighs glued together: 
 " the dread shout of War how it peals frojn afar" or " F alias the Stonier adore" 
 To some manly old air all simple and bare which their fathers had chanted before. 
 And should any one dare the tune to impair and with intricate twistings to fill, 
 
 oveidia'avTa Xeyeti', on KpeTrrov icTLU oi^t- triKrjs KaTei\rj<})6T€Sj aiy avajKaioTaTov avTrjV 
 
 fiadrj fjLoKXov rj d^adrj Sta/SaXXecr^at. Ov fiddrj^a Tots iKyovois irap^hihoaav. The 
 
 xpr) liivToi <j)acrh> (scil. the defenders of whole section is -worth reading on this 
 
 Music) ajTO T^s vvv imTplirrov Ka\ Karea- subject. 
 
 yvias MovmK^s rfiv waXmav biatripuv, ore 955. The first of these two old strains 
 
 Ka\ 'Aer,valoi ttoXXt^k Trpovolau cTa><Ppo<7iur,s is ascribed by the Scholiast to the Athe- 
 
 / V r ' - A/I nian Lamprocles. It ran thus : 
 
 7!0WVji€V0L Kai Tqv <T€p,voTqTa TtjS ye Mou- ^ 
 
 Jla?v\dSa TTipffiTToKiv, heivav Gehv, eypeKu^otfioy, 
 
 TTcuBa Aths fieyaKov 5af/.dtTtTnrop. 
 The second was the production of Cydides a line found in Suidas, Airbs 8ei'|as, eV 6' 
 of Hermione. My translation of the pre- apjxoviais Xm^^ov (mimicking Demooritus 
 ceding line is not quite correct : the ori- of Chios) rj 2i(PvidCa>v (mimicking The- 
 ginal seems to imply that the harpist oxenides of Siphnos). This is accepted by 
 taught these lays, after they had arrived Brunck, bracketed as doubtful by Bekker, 
 at his house : but this is of little im- and rejected by Harles, Schiitz, Hermann, 
 portance. Dindorf.— With regard to the connexion 
 
 957. Valckenaer inserts after this verse between national music and national man- 
 
 U2 
 
84 
 
 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Ota? 01 vvv TO.? KaTo, ^pvvuv ravTa<; ra<; BvaKoXoKafnTTOv;, 
 
 eTreTpi^ero rvTrrofievo^ TroWa? to? to.'; Movaa<; a^avi^wv. 
 
 iv TraiSoTpi^ov Se Ka6L^ovTa<; rov /xrjpov eSet irpojSaXeadat, 960 
 
 Toii? TTolha^, oirci)'; rot? e^wOev /j,7]Sev Sel^eiav anrrjve';' 
 
 en av traXuv av6i<; aviaTcojievov avfiT^rjaai, koX Trpovoeicrdai 
 
 e'iBodXov TOiCTLv ipaaToocnv t% ■^/St;? /jltj KaTaXehreiv. 
 
 ■^XetilraTo B' av rov/j.(paXov ovS6l<; Trat? inrevepOev tot av, &aTe 
 
 TOi? aiSoioiat Spocro? /cal ^vov<; Sxrirep fx-qkoiai-v eTrrjvdef 965 
 
 ou8' av fx.aXaK'ijv (f>vpaadfievo<; ttjv (fxovrjv Trpo? tov ipaaTTjv 
 
 ners, Mr. Mitchell notices that it has been 
 observed by Plato, and by persons much 
 less speculative than Plato ; and he quotes 
 from the speech of the outlaw in Ivanhoe 
 his indignant reproof of those who with 
 new French graces and traliras disturbed 
 the ancient English bugle notes, and cor- 
 rupted the true old manly blasts of venerie. 
 Plato treats of this subject in the third and 
 fourth books of the Republic. " Never," 
 he says, (424, o.) "according to Damon, 
 and I quite agree with him, never are the 
 principles of music changed without a 
 change in the principles of the Constitu- 
 tion." And so Mr. Keble says (Prselee- 
 tions, p. 812.), "non facile invenias in 
 ullcl civitate, quae quidem leges moresque 
 habet stabiles, mutari in gravius et sanc- 
 tius rem sacram et religiosam, non ante 
 mutato laudatorimi carminum tenore." And 
 indeed if we look at any musical school, 
 the iBolian, the Phrygian, the Lydian, the 
 Dorian, etc., we at once see that the na- 
 tional spirit has entered into, and du-ected 
 and dictated the whole. See Mr. Browne's 
 History of Greek Literature, vol. i. p. 156. 
 Observe also the extreme jealousy with 
 which the Spartans regarded any innova- 
 tion on the established music. " Thus 
 
 Ecprepes the ephor, on observing that the 
 cithara of Phrynis had two strings more 
 than the allowed number, immediately cut 
 them out ; and the same thing is said to 
 have happened to Timotheus at the Car- 
 nean festival." Miiller's Dorians, iv. 6. 2. 
 958. Kara ^pvviv.] Phrynis was a 
 celebrated musician of Mitylene, who 
 flourished before, and contemporaneously 
 with, Aristophanes. The Scholiast says 
 that he was the first victor in the musical 
 contests (instituted by Pericles) at the 
 Panathensea, B.C. 456, and that he is at- 
 tacked by Aristophanes and Aristocrates 
 (legendimi Pherecrates, Meineke. Com. 
 Frag. i. 76, note)' for his effeminate in- 
 novations in the art of music. The pas- 
 sage of Pherecrates to which the Scholiast 
 refers is given in Plutarch's treatise de 
 Musica. The following translation accepts 
 the readings of Bekker, who quotes and 
 emends that passage among his Fragments 
 of Aristophanes. Pherecrates the Comic 
 Poet brings on the stage (' in his Chiron.' 
 Meineke) the personification of Music, in 
 the form and dress of a woman, and in 
 very sorry plight. Justice meets her and 
 enquires the reason of her pitiful con- 
 dition, to which she replies : 
 
THE CLOUDS. 85 
 
 Such as Phrynis is fain, and his long-winded train, perversely to quaver and trill, 
 
 Many stripes would he feel in return for his zeal, as to genuine Music a foe. 
 
 And every one's thigh was forward and high as they sat to be drilled in a row. 
 
 So that nothing the while indecent or vile the eye of a stranger might meet ; 
 
 And then with their hand they would smooth down the sand whenever they rose from their seat, 
 
 To leave not a trace of themselves in the place for a vigilant lover to view. 
 
 They never would soil their persons with oil but were inartificial and true. 
 
 Nor tempered their throat to a soft mincing note and sighs to their lovers addressed ; 
 
 Well, I will gladly tell you : for my spirit 
 
 Is quite as fain to speak, as yours to listen. 
 
 The first commencement of my evil days 
 
 Was Melanippides : he took and made me 
 
 Weak and eifeminate with his twelve strings. 
 
 I thought him had enough, but he was pleasant 
 
 Compared with what was coming. For then came 
 
 That doubly cursed Cinesias of Athens 
 
 And with his tuneless, twisting, turning strophes 
 
 So utterly undid me, that it seemed 10 
 
 As on the field of battle, so in verse. 
 
 His right hand was where his left hand should be. 
 Justice. He never was so barbarous ! Music. Yes, he was though ! 
 
 Then Phrynis with some new turn of his own 
 
 Bending and twisting, ruined me completely. 
 
 With his twelve harmonies on five poor strings. 
 
 Yet still he might have seemed pleasant enough 
 
 For he would straight amend whate'er he erred in. 
 
 But this Timotheus, friend, has undermined 
 
 And overthrown me. Just. Who is this Timotheus? 20 
 
 Whence comes he? Mus. Who? Some sandy-haired Milesian. 
 
 He did annoy me sadly, worse than all. 
 
 With his outrageous finikin conceits ; 
 
 And if he met me in my walks alone 
 
 Then on his twelve strings would he hack and thwack me 
 
 And cram me with his tuneless screeching fifes. 
 
 Unholy innovations ! twisting me 
 
 Like some poor garden plant. 
 Lines 11 12. HanoTius, and apparently hand would be where his right ought to be. 
 Meineke, take this to be a satire on the Line 18. "Discimus ex hoc loco Phrynin 
 cowardice of Cinesias, insinuating that he postea ad saniorem artis rationem rediisse." 
 was wont to turn and fly, so that his left Meineke. 
 
86 NE^EAAI. 
 
 avTO^ eavTov TrpoajcoyeiKov Tolt; ocfjOaXfioh e^aZi^ev, 
 ou8' av eXeadai Benrvovvr i^^v Ke^aXaiov t^? pa^avlSo^, 
 ovS" avvT]6ov T(bv Trpea-jBvripwv apTrd^ew oiiBe a-iXivov, 
 ovS' o^o^cv^elv, ovSe Ki'^Xi^eiv, ov8' 'ia')(etv tw ttoS' ivaXXd^. 970 
 
 A A. apxaid ye koI AiTrokimSt] koX ■verrirjav dvajMeaTa, 
 
 KoX KrjKeiBov Kol Bovipoviav. AI. a)OC ovv tovt iarlv eKelva, 
 
 i^ a>v avBpa<; Mapa6a)vofid-)(a'; rj/jLT) iraiBevat^ Wpe-^ev. 
 
 av Be T0U9 vvv eidv'; ev IfiaTlouri BiBdaKeK evreTvXl')(0ai' 
 
 Mcrre fi d'nd'y'ye(j& , oTav opxeurOat UavaOrjvaloi'i Beov avrov^ 975 
 
 rrjv dairiBa Trj<; Ka)Krj<; TTpoe)((ov d/MeXfj t^? TpLToyevia^. 
 
 7r/30? ravT, & fieipdKiov, dappwv e/j,e tov Kpe'iTTCo Xcr/ov aipov- 
 
 KdiriaTijaei inae'lv dyopav koL ^dkaveiwv d'Tre')(ecr6ai 
 
 Kol rdl'i al(T')(pol'; ala-^^yvecrdai, kuv aKOiTTTrj rt? (re, (pXeyeauaf 
 
 Kal tG)v 6dK(ov Toi<} "Trpea-^vrepoi^ vTravLcrTaaOat. Trpoaiovaiv, 980 
 
 KoX firj irepl tov<; cravTOv yovea'; (TKaiovpyeiv, aXXo re firjBev 
 
 alcrj^pov TTOielv, on t?)? AlBov^i fieXKec^ TayaXp, avaTrXarreov 
 
 971. AiTToXtwSij.J An ancient festival known from Thucyd. i. 6. xp^o-iv TeTxiyav 
 celebrated in June ra A« noXtei. — The iveptrei xpa^iXov avabovfievoi tSiv iv tt) 
 "grasshoppers mounted in gold" are well KeipaXfj rpi)(av, and Knights, 1331. 
 
 35' ^K€iyos 6p^v remyocfxipas, apx^'^^ (Tx^f^ari \aiJ.irp6s. 
 There see him, heboid ! with the jewels of gold 
 Entwined in his hair, in the fasliion of old. — Frere. 
 
 In the time of Pericles these ornaments the altar of Zeus, drew his knife, and slew 
 
 were considered quite obsolete by men, him on the spot. The Buphonia was in- 
 
 who had adopted the Doric dress : that stituted to expiate the guilty deed. A 
 
 the Attic women still wore them is evident steer was slain, and the parties concerned 
 
 from the Caryatides of the Parthenon. See in the act shifted the guilt each to his 
 
 Miiller's learned treatise, De Minerva; Po- neighbour, till the knife was accused, con- 
 
 liadis sacris et ffide in arce Athenarum demned, and cast into the sea. 
 (Gottingffi. 1820,) ch. vii. p 41.-TheCeci- 980. v,ra«Wa(r5ai.J Aristotle enjoins 
 
 des mentioned in the next line was an old- i„a.d.ra.., as a right due to old men 
 
 fashioned dithyrambic poet.-The origin t,,^ tteir juniors. Herodotus, n. 80, re- 
 
 of the festival of the Buphonia was as fol- ^,,ks, that this is one of the customs in 
 
 T\,l'\\r\'' T of Triptolemus ^Kich the Egyptians agreed with the 
 
 which forbad the slaughter of the labour- c i. i T,r- •• ,. , . i- 
 
 ^ i^iuour Spartans, and differed from the rest of 
 
 ing cattle. (ZSa ,i, crip^a-B,,i>. vide infra Greece. The respect paid by the Spar- 
 ad 1403.) A priest named Thaulon saw a tans to old age is Ulustrated by the well- 
 steer devouring the sacrificial cakes on kno>Yn anecdote of their youths alone ris- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 87 
 
 Nor laid themselves out, as they strutted about, to the wanton desires of the rest : 
 Nor would any one dare such stimulant fare as the head of the radish to wish : 
 Nor to make over bold with the food of the old, the anise, and parsley, and iish : 
 Nor dainties to quaff, nor giggle and laugh, nor foot within foot to enfold. 
 Wrong L. Eaugh ! this smells very strong of some musty old song, and grasshoppers mounted in gold; 
 And Slaughter of beasts, and old-fashioned feasts. EightL. Yet these are the precepts which taught 
 The heroes of old to be hardy and bold, and the Men who at Marathon fought ! 
 But you from the first teach the lads to be nursed with flannels and blankets increased : 
 So that I with my spleen half-strangled have been, when in Tritogeneia's high feast 
 The dancers go by with their shields to their thigh, and Athene seems wholly forgot. 
 You therefore young man, choose me while you can ; cast in with my Method your lot ; 
 And then you shall learn the forum to spurn, and from dissolute baths to abstain, 
 And fashions impure and shameful abjure, and scorners repel with disdain : 
 And rise from your chair if an elder be there, and respectfully give him your place. 
 And with love and with fear your parents revere, and shrink from the brand of Disgrace, 
 But strive with your might to copy aright the Beautiful Image of Shame, 
 
 ing up to the old man in the assembly, Spartans do it. Juvenal, xiii. 54, re- 
 
 and occasioning the confession that the marks on this as one of the honourable 
 
 Athenians know what is right, but the customs of times long past. 
 
 Credebant hoc grande nefas, et morte piandum, 
 
 Si juvenis vetulo non assurrexerat, etc. 
 where Gifford gives several apposite quota- MSS. is indeed condemned as unmeaning 
 tions from the classical and our own poets, by Kuster, but I think the plain significa- 
 and observes that " Solomon, by a beautiful tion of the Greek words, as I have trans- 
 figure, calls a virtuous old age ' a crown of lated them, is perfectly satisfactory : in 
 dignity,' and even so early as the days of support of which I would suggest that Taci- 
 Moses we find this attention to age the tus may have had this passage in his mind 
 subject of a positive command: 'Thoushalt when he wrote his character of Egnatius 
 rise up before the hoary head, and honour Celer, " habitu et ore ad expiumehdam 
 the face of an old man,' Lev. xix. 32." imaginem honesii exeroitus." Annals 
 982. T^s AiSoCr /xe'XXew rayaX/ ava- XVI. 32. There is an idea not dissimilar 
 lAdTTHV.] So Bentley, Brunck, Reisig, Din- in Aristotle, Ethics ix. 12, 3, dTroiidTTOvrai 
 dorf, alii ; duanXw^iv is read by Kuster, yap ^ap dXkl,\mv, oh dpia-Ko^ai : friends 
 Spanheim and Bekker. Either reading take an impression of each other: and so 
 would stand : the latter may be compared Aristophanes means that by contmually 
 with Vesp^ 380, ri,. ^I^v^nv i^nM^ip..vo, gazing on the image of virtue and honour, 
 A.o^.Movs: the one which I have re- we grow graduaUy to be fashioned after 
 tained, as the reading of the majority of that image ourselves. 
 
88 NE^EAAI. 
 
 /i-TjS' eh op^rjcrrpiSo'; ela-wrrebv, "va (jltj tt/jo? ravja Keyrjvoi'i, 
 
 fij]Xa> /3X.ij^6t? vTTo iropviBiov, Tr}<; eu/cXeta? a7ro6pava6y^' 
 
 /f);S' dvTecTrecv tm irarpl firjSev, fJirfS" 'laTrerov KoXeaavra 985 
 
 IJUvrjaiKaicrjcyM rrjv ffKiKiav, ef ^9 iv€OTT0Tpo(f)^9rj<i. 
 
 AA. el ravT, w ixei^paKWV, ireiaet tovtw, vtj tov Aiovvaov 
 
 roi<i ' TmroKpaTov^ vleaiv e'i^ei^, Kai ae KoXovai ^ijofiafifiav. 
 
 AI. a\X ovv Xnrapo'; ye Koi evavdy^ ev r^vixvaaioK Biarpl.'xfreis, 
 
 oil aTco/ivWav Kara rrjv ayopav Tpo^oXeKrpdireX', oldvep ol vvv, 990 
 
 oiS' eXKop.evo'i irepl irpayjiaTiov 'yXt.cr'XpavTiXoye^eviTpl'rrTov 
 
 dXX' 6t9 ^ AKahrineiav kuticov vtto Tal<; fjboplai<; diroOpe^ei 
 
 <TTe(f)avai(Td)x,evo<; KaXdp,a) XevKw fierd crco(j)povo<; tjXtKt-coTOv, 
 
 fjiiXuKO'; o^(ov Koi aTrpay/xoavvrj'; koX XevK7j<; (fivXXo^oXovarj'i, 
 
 ripo'; ev (opa ')(aipci)v, OTTorav TrXdravoi TTTeXea \|r(.avpty;. 995 
 
 ^v ravra 7roi.rj<; dya> ^pd^(o, 
 
 KoX 7rp6<; T0VTOL<} TTpoae-XTji} tov vovv, 
 
 e^ei<s del aT)]6o<: XiirapoV) 
 
 ')(poidv XevKTjv, ajMov; neyaXov}, 
 
 yXwTTav ^aiav, irvyr/v piejdXTjv, 1000 
 
 •JToaOrjv fiiKpdv. 
 
 fjv S' airep ol vvv eTriTTjSevrj';, 
 
 ■jrpcoTa ixev e^et? ■xpoidv d>')(pdv, 
 
 tt>p,ov<; fiiKpoii';, a-Trjdo's Xe-TTTov, 
 
 984. /irjXa pXrjSds.'] Throwing an apple the father of Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, 
 was the established proYocative of love in and Epimetheus. The following most in- 
 Greece. The passages referred to by Berg- genius account of this legendary relation- 
 ler, viz. Virg., Eel. iii. 64, Theocritus, vi. 6, ship is given by MiiUer (Literature of 
 Plato's Epigrams, 2 and 3 (Bergk), are too Greece, chapter Tin. sect. 3. note). la- 
 well known to require further notice. P^'is himself is the " fallen man" (from 
 With regard to the (perhaps) question- larrro), root lAII), the human race deprived 
 able phrase which closes the preceding of their former happiness. Of his sons, 
 line in my translation I must shelter my- Atlas and Menoetius represent the 6vfi.bs 
 self under the grave authority of Gifford. of the human soul, Atlas (from rXijvai, 
 See his note to his translation of Juvenal, taa) the enduring and obstinate spirit to 
 bat. II. 101. whom the gods allot the heaviest burdens; 
 
 985. 'laireTov.] lapetus the Titan was and Menoetius (/xtVos and oiror) the un- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 89 
 
 Nor resort any more to an Actress's door, nor gape after ' girls of the game •' 
 Lest at length by the blow of the Apple they throw from the hopes of your Manhood you fall. 
 Nor dare to reply when your Pather is nigh, nor ' musty old Japhet' to call 
 In your malice and rage that Sacred Old Age which lovingly cherished your youth. 
 Wkong L. Yes, Yes, my young friend, if to him you attend, by Bacchus I swear of a truth 
 You wiU scarce with the sty of Hippocrates vie, as a mammy-suck known even there ! 
 Eight L. But then you'll excel in the games you love well, all blooming, athletic and fair : 
 Not learning to prate as your idlers debate with marvellous funny dispute. 
 Nor dragged into Court day by day to make sport in some small disagreeable suit : 
 But you will below to the Academe go, and under the olives contend 
 With your chaplet of reed, in a contest of speed with some excellent rival and friend : 
 AU fragrant vidth yew and leisure time too, and the leaf which the white poplars fling. 
 When the plane whispers love to the elm in the grove in the beautiful season of Spring. 
 
 If then you'll obey and do what I say 
 
 And follow with me the more excellent way. 
 
 Your chest shall be white, your skin shall be bright. 
 
 Your arms shall be tight, your tongue shall be sHght, 
 
 And everything else shall be proper and right. 
 
 But if you pursue what men now-a-days do, 
 
 You shall have, to begin, a cold pallid skin. 
 
 Arms small and chest weak, tongue practised to speak. 
 
 conquerable and confident spirit, whom 992. \u)piais^ Fama erat, primum duo- 
 Zeus hurls into Erebus. Prometheus and decrm surculos oleae ex arce deplantatas 
 Epimetheus, on the other hand, personify esse in Academiam ad templum Minervse, 
 voOs ; the former prudent foresight, the ubi ara Jovis Mopi'ov : hinc cseteras esse 
 latter the worthless knowledge which propagatas. Miiller, De Minervse Poliadis 
 comes after the deed. sacris et sede chap. v. (where much infor- 
 988. uUVjv.J Frigido jooo luditur in mation on the subject is collected.) It is 
 sunilitudine vocum v<t\v ab Ss et vUaw from this propagation or partition that 
 ab yiikvs, quod interpretes non satis cepisse Dr. Wordsworth (Athens and Attica, p. 137 
 videntur. Ruhnken ad Tim. lex. voc. note) derives their name. " Mopi'a Aa/a," 
 •Y-,ms. « Frigido joco" indeed ! yet since lie says, « is olea partitiva ; the word itself 
 so eminent a scholar has not disdained (from ^ftpo)) still survives in its compound 
 to notice it, I have thought it best to re- cro^/iopm, ' a class.' " 
 tain it, 
 
 N 
 
90 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ikwrrav fieyaXrjv, Tnr/rjv jiiKpav, 1005 
 
 KfoKriv fieyaXriv, '<^ri^icTfia fiaicpov, 
 
 Kai, cr avaTTBiaet 
 
 TO fiev al(7Xpov dirav icaXov rjyeiaOai,, 
 
 TO KoXov S' ala-xpov 
 
 Koi vrpo? rovroi'i Ti]<: 'Avti/jmxov 1010 
 
 KaTairvjocrvvrji avairKrjcTei. 
 XO. w KaXKiTTvpyov cro(f)Utv KKeivoTdTrjv e-rracKwv, 
 
 cos j?8u (yov TotcTb \6yoL<i a-fa^pov eireaTiv avdo'i. 
 
 evBal/xove'i S' ^aav dp' ol ^oJVTe'i tot eVt t&v irporeprnv. 
 
 irpo's o?iv TaS', w KojjL-^oTrpe-Trrj (lovtrav exo>v,^ 10] 5 
 
 Set o-e Xkr^eiv rt kulvov, <b? eiSoK[/j,rjKev av-qp. 
 
 SeiVMV Se o-ot ^ovXevudrmv eoiKe Seiv ttjoo? axnov, 
 
 enrep tov dvSp' virep^aXet koI fir) jiXeor o<^'Krj(jei<s. 
 AA. KOLi firjv eyay' iTrvLyo/J.rjv ra a-TrXdyxya, Kavediifiovv 
 
 diravra ravr 6vavrlat,<: yv<i>(iai<n crwrapd^ai. 1020 
 
 eyo) yap ■^ttwi/ fiev Xoyo? Bt avro rovr skX'^Stjv 
 
 iv Totcri (f>povTi,(jTalcnv, oti, TrpwTKJTO'i eirevorjaa 
 
 Koi Tots v6fiL0i<; Kol Tot? BiKai<i TavavrC dvnXe^ai. 
 
 Kol TOVTO ifXelv fj fivpimv eoT d^iov crTarrjptov , 
 
 alpovfievov tov'; ^TToi'as \6yov<s eireiTa viicav. 1025 
 
 ff/ce^at Be rrjv iraiBevaiv y ireiroidev cb? e\e7^w 
 
 oaTi,<i (7e depfim tfyrjai Xovo'dai irp&TOV ovk eaceiv, 
 
 Kairov Tiva yvd)/i7]v e^oiv -vlreYeis Ta Oep/ia Xovrpd ; 
 
 1012. " That the Chorus towards the gives reasons for its change of tone infr. 
 
 end of this piece loses its special character, 1439. 
 
 and even preaches reverence of the Gods, 1016. euSoKi/iJ/KC!/.] No doubt, as Mr. 
 
 is a point of resemblance between it and Mitchell suggests, the Poet calculated on 
 
 the Choruses in the Acharnians and Wasps, much applause following the foregoing 
 
 who at last act rather according to the speech, as he seems also to have done 
 
 general character of the Greek Chorus, when he says in the Ranaj, Z^ei,—&<Ti!fp 
 
 which was on the whole the same for iv6a.he,—Kp6Tov x«pSi' iroKiv. 155. 
 
 tragedy and comedy, than according to 1019. "The tetrameter Iambic," says 
 
 the particular part assigned to them." Mr.Prereinhis translation of the Knights, 
 
 MuUer, Greek Literature, p. 418, note. It p. 6, « is always appropriated in the Co- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 91 
 
 Special laws very long, and the symptoms all strong 
 Which shew that your life is licentious and wrong. 
 And your mind he'll prepare so that foul to be fair 
 And fair to be foul you shall always declare ; 
 Tin with vices so grim you are filled to the brim 
 That the filthy Antimachus claims you for him ! 
 Chokus. glorious Sage ! with loveliest Wisdom teeming ! 
 Sweet on thy words does ancient Virtue rest ! 
 Thrice happy they who watched thy Youth's bright beaming ! 
 
 Thou of the vaunted genius, do thy best; 
 This man has gained applause : His Wisdom stands confest. 
 And you with clever words and thoughts must needs your case adorn, 
 Else he will surely win the day, and you retreat with scorn. 
 Wrong L. Aye, say you so? why I have been half-burst; I do so long 
 
 To meet his thoughts with thoughts more clear, his words with words more strong. 
 
 I am the Lesser Logic ? True : these Schoolmen call me so. 
 
 Simply because I was the first of all mankind to shew 
 
 How old established rales and laws might contradicted be : 
 
 And this, as you may guess, is worth a thousand pounds to me, 
 
 To take the feebler arguments, and win the disputation. 
 
 And mark me now, how I'll confute his boasted Education ! 
 
 You said that always from warm baths tHe stripling must abstain : 
 
 Why must he ? on what grounds do you of these warm baths complain ? 
 
 inedies of Aristophanes to those scenes of have a right to chastise their parents : 
 
 argumentative alternation, in which the while, as we have seen, the Just Logic 
 
 ascendancy is given to the more ignoble argues his case in the tetrameter anapEestic 
 
 character : in this respect it stands in de- catalectic, commonly called (cf. supr. ad 
 
 cided contrast with the anapaestic measure." 949.) the Aristophanic measure. 
 Thus in the play before us it is twice em- 1028. yjfiyeis to. &€pixa Xovrpd.'] Fre- 
 
 ployed : once, here, where the Unjust Logic quens depixoXova-ta luxuriosa putabatur. 
 
 defeats the Just : and again, where Phi- vid. Od. 6. 247, ubi plura Bustathius. Her- 
 
 dippides convinces his father that sons mippus apud Athen. i. p. 18, c. 
 
 Mh rhv Al' ov /idv Toi /ieBieiv thv &vSpa xph 
 Thv ayaOhv, ovSe 6epiio\ovTe7v &, av iroiiis. 
 
 Bp. Blomf. ad Choeph. 658. (670, Bind.) 
 
 N 3 
 
92 NE^EAAL 
 
 AI. oTiTj KOLKKyTov icTi KM SetXov iroiel tov dvBpa. 
 
 AA. eTrtVve?' evdii^ yap ere fiiaov e-^co Xa/Scov d<pVKTOV. 1030 
 
 Kai fjboi ippdcrov, tSjv tov Aib<i iraihcov " tLv dvSp' dpiaTOV" 
 
 '\lrv)(rjv vofMi^eK, elire, Kol ifXeicnovs "kovovs Trovrjaai; 
 AI. iyo) fiev ovBiv 'HpaKKeovg ^eXTiov dvSpa Kpivm. 
 AA. TTOv -f^vxpa Brjra irdfiroT eZSe? 'HpaxXeia Xovrpd; 
 
 KavToi Tiii dvhpei6Tepo<; ^v; AI. tout ecrrt -ravT eKeiva, 1035 
 
 a T&v veavla-Kwv del 8i ri/u,€pa<s XaXovpTcov 
 
 TrXiJpe? TO ^aXavetov iroiel, Kevd<; Be Td<; •rraXaicrTpa's. 
 AA. eiT iv dyopa ttjv 8iaTpil3r]V ■^eyei';, e^o) 8' eVaww. 
 
 61 yap rrovrjpov yv/'Ofirjpo^ oiiSeTroT dv iirolei 
 
 TOV NecTTop ayoprjTrjv ai> oiSe tovi; aocf)ov^ diravTw;. 1040 
 
 dveifii SfJT evrevdev et? t7)v yXoiTTav, rjv oBl fiev 
 
 ov <}>r)ai 'X^prjvai Toii? z/eov? dcfKelv, iyo) Be (jyr}/iL 
 
 KoX crux^povelv av ^cn j^prjvai,' Bvo icaicci) fieylaTO). 
 
 eVel ai) Bid to aw^povelv tw "^wttot elSe? tjBt] 
 
 dyaOov Tt yevo/ievov, <}>pdcrov, Kai fi i^eXey^ov elircov. 1045 
 
 AI. TToXXots. 6 yovv IlrjXev^ eXa^e Bid tovto ttjv fid-^aipav. 
 A A. fidj(aipav; dcrTeiov ye KepBo^ eXa^ev 6 KaKoBaifuov. 
 
 'Tirep^oXo<; 8' ovk twv Xvyymv TrXeiv rj ToXavTa iroXXd 
 
 elXr)(^e Bia Trovrjpiav, aXX' oil fid AC ov fidyaipav. 
 AI. Kul Ttjv QeTiv y eyrifie Bid to am^povelv 6 UrjXev';. 1050 
 
 AA. KaT d-rroXiiTovad y avTov Q>%eT • ov ydp rjv v^piaTm 
 
 1031. TiV avbp api(TTov.] Apud Eurip. AmpUtryo dicit, 
 Here. Fur. 183, de ipso Hercule loquens 
 
 *EpoD rif Si/Sp' &picrTov ijKpivaiev &v 
 
 'H ov xctrSo Thv iiihn tv <tv (pys thai SoKfTy. Bergler. 
 
 1034. 'H/)(iKXetaXouTpd.] Warm springs 1046. fidxa'pav.] The story is thus 
 
 were caUed baths of Heracles, because, ao- given by the Scholiast to Pindar, Nem. 
 
 cording to the legend quoted by Brunck iy. gs. (Heyne.) ■iTnroX.Jrov evydn,p yeyovf 
 
 from Eustathius, the first sprung up to Kp,^,?. 'AKdarov ya^erf;, ,'r.. ™ n,X« 
 
 refresh Heracles when he was tired and ' 
 
 weary, after one of his labours. Cf. Hdt. ■.„ .. 
 
 ^■j ^«g (KOetv avTov, (pOafTaa-a to Akoot^ as 
 
 cpm-iKas biandc'ia-a, koI fiij ireicracra avv- 
 cXfleii/ avTov, (f>da(Taa-a to 'AicaoT^ as 
 ao-efivov fj fiiaiov dif^aXev. 6 8e KaTaKOvaas 
 
THE CLOUDS. 93 
 
 Eight L. Why it's the worst thing possible, it quite unstrings a man. 
 Wrong L. Hold there : I've got you round the waist : escape me if you can. 
 
 And first : of all the sons of Zeus which think you was the best ? 
 
 Which was the manliest ? which endured more toils than all the rest ? 
 Eight L. Well, I suppose that Heracles was bravest and most bold. 
 Wrong L. And are the baths of Heracles so wonderfully cold ? 
 
 Aha ! you blame warm baths, I think. Eight L. This, this is what they say : 
 
 This is the stuff our precious youths are chattering all the day ! 
 
 This is what makes them haunt the baths, and shun the manher Games ! 
 Wrong L. Well then, we'll take the Forum next : I praise it, and he blames. 
 
 But if it was so bad, do you think old Homer would have made 
 
 Nestor and all his worthies ply a real forensic trade ? 
 
 Well : then he says a stripling's tongue should always idle be : 
 
 I say it should be used of course : so there we disagree. 
 
 And next he says you must be chaste. A most preposterous plan ! 
 
 Come, tell me did you ever know one single blessed man 
 
 Gain the least good by chastity ? come, prove I'm wrong : make haste. 
 Eight L. Yes, many, many ! Peleus gained a sword by being chaste. 
 Wrong L. A sword indeed ! a wondrous meed poor devil he obtained. 
 
 Hyperbolus the Lamp-maker hath many a talent gained 
 
 By knavish tricks which I have taught : but not a sword, no, no ! 
 Eight L. Well Peleus did to his chaste life the bed of Thetis owe. 
 Wrong L. And then she cut and ran away ! for nothing so engages 
 
 Kal TTpo(j)a<rta-dfievos rjyayev em to. dTTepijiia di.axpa>fievos els OecrcraXiav KaTrjkSe. Kal 
 
 (yalde deserta) roO Ilrjkiov, Kal KaTa\ei\jras KareXOov KaTmroXepricrev "Kkcuttov koI ttjv 
 
 6r)piois vTvonea-etv avrov, vnavaxopet. (j)aa\ 'IoKkov. The wife of Acastus, called by 
 
 Se Toiis eeovs ttjs 20*P02YNH2 ohrei- others Astydamia, is by the Scholiast to 
 
 pivras Toy UriXia, "H^a^rroy e^anoarelXm- Aristophanes (ad loc), Pindar (1. c), and 
 
 , 5,, , , .„■..„/ Horace, named Hippolyte after her fa- 
 
 Tov oe jiaxaipav expvra to) IIijAei Oapij- ' rr j 
 
 (TcuTOai, ji TO TTpoainnTOVTa t<ov orjpi.iov 
 
 Narrat psene datum Pelea Tartaro 
 
 Magnessam Hippolyten dum fugit abstinens. Ode lil. viL 17. 
 
 where abstinens is the (rixjipoiiv of our text. 
 
94 NE^EAAI. 
 
 oiS' rjSii'; iv rol^ <7Tpd)/jLaaiv ttjv vvKTa ■jravvvxi^eiv 
 
 ywf] 8e a-ivafiapovfiivT] xaipei' (xii 8' el Kpovmiro'i. 
 
 a-Ke.'^M yap, w neipaKiov, iv tw (rm^povelv airavra 
 
 aveariv, rjSovcbv 9' oamv /xeXXet? aTTocTTepeiadai,, 1055 
 
 iraiZoav, yvvaiKcav, KOTTajScov, o-^mv, iroTwv, Kix^iirf^cov. 
 
 KavTot, tI aoi ^rjv d^iov, tovtcov eav arepTjOrji; ; 
 
 eiev. -n-dpeifi ivrevOev e? ra? t^? ^vaeeos dvdryKa<:. 
 
 rijiapTe^, ripdaO'rj'i, ifioCxevad'i ti, Kar i\,'^^0r]r 
 
 aTToXcuXa?' oBvvaTO'; jdp el Xer/ew, e/jbol S" ofiOJav, 1060 
 
 ^w rfi ^vaei, crKlpTa, ye\a, vo/ii^e /MrjBev alcrxpov. 
 
 /iot%o? jdp rjv rvxil'i d'X.ov';, raS' dvTepei<! Trpos axnov, 
 
 d)S ovSei' ijSt/CT/Kas* elr ek tov A" eTvaveveyKeiv, 
 
 KaKelvoti 0)5 rjTrwv epcoTO'i icrji Kai, yvvaiKOiV 
 
 Kairrot ai) 6vr)To<; S)V 6eov ttws jjLel^ov av Bvvaio; 1065 
 
 AI. tC 8' rjv pa<^avih(odfj '!ri,66p,ev6(; <jot re^pa re TiKorj ; 
 
 e^ei TLVa yvSfjLTjv Xeyeti*, to p/r] evpinrpcoKjo'i ei,vai; 
 A A. ^v 8' ei/pvTrpmKTO'; y, tL irelcrerai Kaicov; 
 AI. tL p-ev ovv dv ert, p^lKpv irdOot tovtov troje; 
 
 AA. ri S^T epet?, rjv rovro VMrjdfji; ep,Qv; 1070 
 
 AI. <Tir^ri<ToiJiM. Tt 8' dXXo; AA. <f)epe Sjj p,oc (ppdcrop- 
 
 <TVV7}yopovcnv ix tovoov; 
 
 1063. els TOV A" inaveveyKcTv.^ This Perhaps the most apposite of all the 
 reasoning is placed by Euripides in the passages adduced by Commentators is 
 mouths of numberless of his characters. Troad. 948, where Helen says to Menelaus, 
 
 T^f ®ehv (Venerem nempe) K6\a^€, Kal Aihs Kpeitrcraiv 76>'oC 
 "Os tS^ fi^i> HWui/ Sain6vctiv e^ei Kpdros 
 Kiivrjs 8e SoOAtJs iiTTL' (TuyyvtiifMT] S' efioL 
 
 Falstaff, in the Merry Wives of Windsor noble passage of his noble work (Civ. Dei, 
 
 (act V. scene 5), draws largely on the same ii. 7), Omnes cultores talium Deorum mox, 
 
 arguments. We have seen, ad 896 supra, ut eos libido perpulerit, magis intuentur 
 
 what was Plato's teaching on such sub- quid Jupiter fecerit quam quid docuerit 
 
 jects, but as Saint Augustine says in a Plato, vel censuerit Cato. Hinc apud Te- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 95 
 
 A woman's heart as forward warmth, old shred of those dark Ages ! 
 
 Por take this chastity, young man : sift it inside and out : 
 
 Count all the pleasures, all the joys, it bids you live without : 
 
 No kind of dames, no kind of games, no laughing, eating, drinking, — 
 
 Why life itself is little worth without these joys, I'm thinking. 
 
 Well I must notice now the wants by Nature's self implanted ; 
 
 You love, seduce, you can't help that, you're caught, convicted. Granted. 
 
 You're done for ; you can't say one word : while if you foUow me 
 
 Indulge your genius, laugh and quaff, hold nothing base to be. 
 
 Why if you're in adultery caught, your pleas will still be ample : 
 
 You've, done no vprong, you'U say, and then bring Zeus as your example. 
 
 He fell before the wondrous powers by Love and Beauty wielded : 
 
 And how can you, the Mortal, stand, where He, the Immortal, yielded ? 
 
 Right L. Aye, but suppose in spite of all, he must be wedged and sanded : 
 Won't he be probed, or else can you prevent it ? now be candid. 
 
 Wkong L. And what's the damage if it should be so ? 
 
 Bight L. What greater damage can the young man know ? 
 
 Wrong L. What will you do, if this dispute I win ? 
 
 Eight L. I'll be for ever silent. Wrong L. Good, begin. 
 The Counsellor : from whence comes he ? 
 
 rentium (Eunuch, iii. 5.) flagitiosua ado- ^dvovrcs KuBUaav els roiis npaKToiis tov- 
 
 lescens speotat tabulam quandam pictam rmv, xal waparCKKovTes avrovs Te(ppav 6ep- 
 
 in pariete, ubi inerat pictiiia hsec, Jovem ^^„ tVeTrao-o-oc. Scholiast. In Eoman 
 
 quo pacto Danae misisse fenint in gre- y^eg the sea-mullet was substituted for 
 
 mium quondam imbrem aureum : atque tj^g radish : quosdam moechos et mugilis 
 
 ab hac tanta auctoritate adhibet patro- jntrat. Juv. x. 317. Catullus xv. 19, joins 
 
 cinium turpitudini suae, cum ia ea se jac- ^oth p\xnishments, quem Percurrent ra- 
 
 tatimitariDeum, "At quern Deum,"inquit, phanique mugilesque. See AehUles Sta- 
 
 " Qui templa coeli summo sonitu concutit : tius there, who says that Horace refers to 
 
 ego homuncio id non facerem ? Ego vero this mode of punishment, Serm I. ii. 133. 
 
 illud feci ac lubens." Ne nummi pereant, aut pyga, aut denique 
 
 1066. patpaviSad^.'] ourto yap tovs fama (of an adulterer). 
 &\6vTas /xoipfois rjKl^ovTo' pa<paviSas Xap,- 
 
96 NE^EAAI. 
 
 AI. e^ evpwpdjKTav. AA. irelOoiiai. 
 
 rlSal; Tpar/tpSova eK tIvcov ; 
 AI. i^ evpmpdiKTwv. AA. eS \eyei?. 1075 
 
 Brj/irjiyopovcri B' eK rlvcov; 
 AI. e'f evpvTTpMKTcov. A A. apa SrJT 
 
 £'yv(Oiea<; to? oiiSev \iyet.<s; 
 
 Kal tS>v deaT&v oTrorepoi, 
 
 7r\eiou? (TKOTret: AI. Kal Bfj (tkotto). 1080 
 
 A A. tI BrjO' 6pa<;; 
 AI, iroKv •jfKeiova'}, vrj tov? Oeoi)^, 
 
 TOW €VpV7rpQ)KT0V<i' TOVTOvl 
 
 •yovv oW iyw KUKeivovl 
 
 Koi TOV KO/JL'^TTJV TOVTOvl. 1085 
 
 A A, Tihrir epel'i; 
 
 AI. 'f)TTrjfie6' , w Kivovfievoi, 
 
 ■Trpo'; tSuv Oewv Bi^aaOe fiov 
 
 Oolfidrtov, tJ)5 
 
 i^avTOfioKco ttjOo? vfia<;. 1090 
 
 5/2. Ti SrJTa; iroTepa tovtov airar^eadab Xa^oov 
 
 l3ovk€i TOV vlov, rj StSacr/cft) crot XijeLv; 
 ST. BiSacTKe Kal KoXa^e, Kal fiifivrjcr ottoj? 
 
 ev fwi aTOfiaxrei'; avTov, iirl fiev Oarepa 
 
 1074. rpa-yiaSovo-'.] It is unnecessary interpretation ineptissima, and would refer 
 
 to refer general sneers of this kind to it to the yvjivovs elatevat voiiiCerai of v. 
 
 any special cases, as the Scholiast would 486. The word e'|avTo^oXS however seems 
 
 here to Phrynichus, and Bergler to Aga- to restrict us to the idea of deserting one 
 
 tton. camp for another, and it may only signify 
 
 1088. Sf^atr^e ^ou Bolixdnov] Iva iifj the speaker's throwing off his old military 
 
 eixwoSl^oiTo rm Spo'/jM. Scholiast. So Her- dress before he deserts to his new allies 
 
 mann, Dindorf, Mitchell. Brunck calls this Compare Horace, Ode in. 16. 22, 
 
 Nil cupientium 
 NuDUs castra peto, et transfuga divitum 
 Partes linquere gestio. 
 The Kivovfiivoi, says Hermann, are the of this I would adduce the following pas- 
 spectators, not the Socratici. In support sage quoted by Mr. Gilbert Cooper : ovU 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 97 
 
 Eight L. Prom probed adulterers. Wrong L. I agree. 
 The Tragic Poets : whence are they ? 
 
 Eight L. Prom probed adulterers. Wrong L. So I say. 
 The Orators : what class of men ? 
 
 Eight L. All probed adulterers. Wrong L. Eight again. 
 You feel your error, Fll engage, 
 But look once more around the stage, 
 Survey the audience, which they be. 
 Probed or not Probed. Eight L. I see, I see. 
 
 Wrong L. Well, give your verdict. Eight L. It must go 
 Por probed adulterers : him I know. 
 And him, and him : the Probed are most. 
 
 Wrong L. How stand we then ? Eight L. I own, Fve lost. 
 Cineeds, Cinseds, take my robe ! 
 Your words have won, to you I run 
 ,To live and die with glorious Probe ! 
 
 SocE. WeU, what do you want ? to take away your son 
 At once, or shall I teach him how to speak ? 
 
 Streps. Teach him, and flog him, and be sure you well 
 Sharpen his mother wit, grind the one edge 
 
 ' Api(TTO(j)dvrjs ra Saxparovs iv Aiovva-lois 
 Kaixa>SS>v 6 Seivoraros rS>v KaTtjyopav e'Xoi- 
 Sopijcaro r(3 £pa>Ti tov SaKparovs. If the 
 contrary opinion be adopted, compare Ju- 
 venal II. 10. Inter Socraticos notissima 
 fossa cinaBdos : for there is no need to 
 read Sotadicos there. The imputation 
 was only too commonly cast upon Socrates. 
 It was founded, no doubt, on such passages 
 as Phffidrus 249 A. irrepovrai fj ijfvxri 17 
 TOV (j)i\oiTO<prj(ravTos d86\as, tj TraiSepatrrri- 
 oravTos fiera <^t\oo-o^iar. See the whole 
 of the mythe from which these words are 
 taken. But here, as Bentley truly says 
 
 (Phalaris ii. 25. ed. Dyce), "the word was 
 used metaphorically, and though it had 
 better been let alone, and no scandal been 
 given by it, yet in itself the metaphor was 
 proper and just. Por a philosopher may 
 be said to be the true rraidoiv epaa-T-qs, in 
 opposition to the others : since what they 
 admire in beauty out of impure lust, he 
 loves and reverences as an image of the 
 Divine Beauty." 
 
 1091. Strepsiades looks in to see how 
 matters are going on. Socrates speaks to 
 him. 
 
98 NE^EAAI. 
 
 o'iav SiKiB[oi<;, ttjv S' krepav avrov yvddov 1095 
 
 (TTOficoaov o'iav e? Ta fieXfo irpwy/uira. 
 Sfl. a/J,i\ei, KO/J,iei tovtov <T0^i<nr]v Seftw. 
 ST. o}-)(pov fikv ovv £70176 Kal KUKoSaCfj^ova. 
 XO. %&)/3etTe vvv. olfiai Be erot. tuvtu fierafieX^a-eiv. 
 
 Toii<; Kpi.Ta<s a KepBavovaiv, rfv ri TOvBe tov %opw 1100 
 
 w^eKoocr eV tS>v SiKaioiV, ^ov\6p,eaff rip-ei'} <f)pda-ai. 
 TTpMTa fiev jap, rjp veav ^ovknaff iv &pa tow arfpov<;, 
 va-ojjLev irpoiToiaiv vfuv, ToXcn S" dWoii vffrepov. 
 eha rbv Kapwov re Kal ras dfnrikov; (j>v\d^ofiep, 
 
 SxTje [Lryr av-)(}MV irte^eiv iiryr ap/av eTTOfi^piav. 1105 
 
 fjv 8' aTifidarj Tt? rjfia<; 6vr}T0<; &v ov<Ta<i dea<;, 
 •Kpoayevo) tov vovv, irpo';. fip.5)V ola Treicrerai Kaica, 
 'KaiJ,/3dv(ov oiiT olvov ovt aXfC ovSev €« rov x«p«>w. 
 riviK av jdp a'i r iXaai pkaardywa' a" t d/jbirekoi, 
 diroKeKO-^ovTar TOiavrats a<f>ev86vai,<; "Traii^aofiev. 1110 
 
 t]V Se ifKwdevovr 'IBm/jiev, vaofiev Kal Tovjreyov; 
 TOV Kepa^ov avTov 'xakdtfn,'; a-Tpoyyv\ai<; avvTply^ofiev. 
 Kcbv jajxfi -WOT avTos rj tmv ^uyyevoiv 7] t&v ^iXqjv, 
 vaofiev TTjv vvktu iracrav maT I'cro)? ^ovKrjaeTai 
 Kav iv AlyvTTTa) TV)(elv &iv fiaXKov rj Kplvai KaKa^. 1115 
 
 2T. ■jrefiTTTrj, TeTpd<;, TpiTtj, fieTo, TavTTjv Bevripa, 
 eld" rjv iyco fidXi<7Ta iracrmv fjfiepwv 
 SeBoiKa Kal Tre^piKa Kal /SSeXuTTO/tat, 
 ev9v'S nerd Tavrrjv ear evrj re Kai vea. 
 
 1098. axpov — KUKoSai/xoTO.] Hermann did rain there once, according to Hero- 
 
 and Bekker attribute this verse to PM- dotus : 'YaSrjo-av al Orj^ai yjraKdSt, iii. 10 : 
 
 dippides: so does Brunck, who adds the but that was at such a time that the 
 
 next one to it. If Dindorf s punctuation Egyptians could never have wished it to 
 
 be adopted, the sense must be somewhat rain again : it was just before the terrible 
 
 what I have given. invasion of Cambyses. Modern travellers, 
 
 1115. iv AiyvTrro).] Because no rain however, have observed that rain though 
 
 fell there. Other interpretations are given, '^ery scarce is not wholly unknown in 
 
 but this is no doubt the correct one. It Egypt. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 99 
 
 Pit for my little law-suits, and the other 
 Why make that serve for more important matters. 
 SocR. 0, never fear I He'll make a splendid sophist. 
 Streps. Well, well, I hope he'll be a poor pale rascal. 
 Chobtjs. Go : but in us the thought is strong, you will repent of this ere long. 
 Now we wish to tell the Judges all the blessings they shall gain 
 If, as Justice plainly warrants, we the worthy prize obtain. 
 Pirst, whenever in the Season ye would fain your fields renew. 
 All the world shall wait expectant till we've poured our rain on you : 
 Then of all your crops and vineyards we will take the utmost care 
 So that neither drought oppress them, nor the heavy rain impair. 
 But if any one amongst you dare to treat our claims with scorn. 
 Mortal he, the Clouds immortal, better had he ne'er been born ! 
 He from his estates shall gather neither corn, nor oil, nor wine, 
 Por whenever blossoms sparkle on the olive or the vine 
 They shall all at once be blighted : we will ply our slings so true. 
 And if ever we behold him building up his mansions new. 
 With our tight and nipping hailstones we will all his tiles destroy. 
 But if he, his friends or kinsfolks, would a marriage-feast enjoy. 
 All night long we'll pour in torrents : so perchance he'U rather pray 
 To endure the drought of Egypt, than decide amiss to-day ! 
 Streps. The fifth, the fourth, the third, and then the second. 
 And then that day which more than all the rest 
 I loathe and shrink from and abominate. 
 Then comes at once that hateful Old-and-New day. 
 
 1119. evTj Tf Kai v/a.J When the Greek retained for the last day of the month, 
 
 yeax was lunai, the months were altern- even when the month had ceased to be 
 
 ately thirty and twenty-nine days each, lunar. Phidippides, infra 1166, sq., re- 
 
 so that the new Moon (the moon's orbit fers to the month, what is said of the 
 
 being 29^ days) always fell on the last moon, and concludes that the Old-and- 
 
 day of the month. Hence that day was New ought to be two days, the last day of 
 
 called the Old-and-New, because at the the old month and the first of the new; but 
 
 beginning of the day the moon was still that the magistrates had thrown back the 
 
 on the wane, but before the close had first of the new month upon the last of the 
 
 begun to wax again. And this name was old in order to get the stakes a day earlier. 
 
 o 2 
 
100 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Tra? yap nt ofivvcr, oh o^eiXwv TV'^'xavca, 1120 
 
 ^et? jJLOi TTpvTaveT airoXeiv fii (firjat Ka^oXelv, 
 
 €fJi,ov fierpi arra Kol SiKat alrov/jLevov 
 
 " S) Saifiovte, TO fiev ri vvvl firj Xd^rj^, 
 
 TO 8' dva^aXov jjloi, to 8' a^es," ov (pacriv Trore 
 
 0VTC09 dvoXrjy^eaff , oKXd XoiSopovcrb fie 1125 
 
 tu? dBiKo^ el/Ml, KoX SiKaaeaOai <^aai fioi. 
 
 vvv oi)V SiKa^iadcov oKlrjov 'yap fioc fieXec, 
 
 eiTrep /MefidOij/cev eS \e<yeiv ^etStTTTTtSj??. 
 
 rd-^^a 8' e'Lao/jiM ft:6-\|fas to ^povnaTijpiov. 
 
 irai, rjfu, "KOI rral. Sfl. ^Tpex^id^v doTrdipfiai. 1130 
 
 ^T. Kwyoyyi a. dXkd tovtovI TrpSiTov \a^i' 
 
 'XPV 'yap imOav/id^eiv to top SiSdaKaXov. 
 
 Kai fMoi Tov vlov, el /iefiddyjKe top Xoyov 
 
 eKeivov, 6t(^', ov dpTlw; ela^rjiya/ye^. 
 ^fl. fie/iddrjKev. ST. ev 'y', m -rrafiBaalXei A'iraioKT], 1135 
 
 Sfl. o>(7T d'7ro<f>v'yoi'; av ■tjvTov dv ^ovKr) BiKrjv. 
 ST. Kel fidpTvpe<; Traprja-av, ot iBavei^ofirjv ; 
 SS2. TToXXS 76 fidWov, Kav Trapwat, 'x^lXioi. 
 ST. " ^odaofiao Tapa Tav iiTrepTovov 
 
 1121. ■KpvTaveia.'] The following is gression." Vol. ii. p. 67. To the passages 
 
 M. Boeokh's account of the npvravua re- quoted by him and the Commentators on 
 
 quired in legal proceedings at Athens : Aristophanes as bearing on this subject, 
 
 "Both parties were obliged to deposit add the Schol. Bavaiicus, on Demos- 
 
 them in court, before the beginning of thenes De Falsa Legatione, 542, to irpv- 
 
 the suit, like the Roman sacramentum ; raveia — ra iraph 'F(op.a[ois KaXoip,eva cnrop- 
 
 the party which lost the cause paid both TowXa- tos yap deKaras tov xP^'om Kara- 
 
 Trpvi-ama, i. e. his own were forfeited and ,3<iXXo>T« toU Ttpvravccnv eitr^yoi- Toiis 
 
 he replaced the sum which had been paid ^p,i,^as: he goes on to confound the 
 
 by the successful^ party. ^ Probably no Prytaneum and the Prytanea in the most 
 
 ■Kpvraveia were paid for suits of less than hopeless manner. 
 
 100 drachmas: from 100 to 1000 drach- 1130. i^„i^op.aL^-\ Aristophanes had 
 
 mas, 3 drachmas was the amount : from apparently an aversion to this word as in- 
 
 1000 to 10,000, 30 drachmas, and for troduced by the ' enlightened' men of the 
 
 larger sums probably in the same pro- <jay to the exclusion of the old xa'P""- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 101 
 
 And every single blessed dun has sworn 
 
 He'll stake the pledge, and ruin and destroy me. 
 
 And when I make a modest small request, 
 
 " O my good friend, part don't exact at present. 
 
 And part defer, and part remit," they swear 
 
 So they shall never touch it, and abuse me 
 
 As a rank swindler, threatening me with actions. 
 
 Now let them bring their actions ! Who's afraid ? 
 
 Not I : if these have taught my son to speak. 
 
 But here's the door : I'll knock and soon find out. 
 
 Ho there. Boy, Boy ! Sock,. I clasp Strepsiades. 
 Steeps. And I clasp you : but take this meal-bag first. 
 
 This is the way to glorify one's Tutors. 
 
 But tell me, tell me, has my son yet learnt 
 
 That Second Logic which he saw just now ? 
 Sock. He hath. Stkeps. Hurrah ! great Sovereign Knavery ! 
 SocR. You may escape whatever suit you please. 
 Streps. What, if I borrowed before witnesses ? 
 Sock. Before a thousand, and the more the merrier. 
 Streps. " Then shall my song be loud and deep." 
 
 Cf. Plutus, 322-4. 
 
 apx<itov ^Stj TTpoaayopeveiv Koi <Tairp6v' 
 
 aa-vd^onai S'. See Spanheim ad loc. 
 
 To say " God bless you," fellow burghers, now 
 
 Is deemed old fashioned, and quite antiquated, 
 
 So " let me clasp you." 
 The Schol. ad 595, and ad Plutus loc. cit., Cleon's character be accepted, 
 must be wrong in attributing this form of 1131. tovtovL] rbv OiXaKov, 8s iari 
 
 salutation (xaVf'") to Cleon after his vie- ficoros Ski^Woiv. Schol. See supra, 655. 
 tory at Sphacteria, unless he merely means 1139. /3oao-o/iat— ^oai/.] The Scho- 
 
 that Cleon was the first to prefix it to Uast says these words are taken from a 
 public documents, which would not be satyric drama of the Tragedian Phry- 
 improbable if Bp. Thirlwall's estimate of nichus, called the Satyrs. 
 
102 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ^odv." lea, Kkder Sy^okoaTarai, 1140 
 
 avTOi re kuI rapxala Kal roKoi tokcov 
 
 ovSev yap av fie ^Xavpov ipydaaiffO erf 
 
 olo's ifiol Tpi(peTai, 
 
 TOtcrS' ivl Boifiacri irah, 
 
 dfi^^Kei yKmrrr) Xafj/rroiv, 1145 
 
 irpo^oKo'; e/Aoy, acoTrjp BofioK, ej^Bpoh ^Xa/Si?, 
 
 'Kvo'avia'i irarpaxov /leyaXwv KaKcov' 
 
 ov KoXecTop rpex'^v evBodev ws e^tte. 
 
 " ft) TeKpov, (o Trai, e^eKo oiicwv, 
 
 ale (Tov irarp6<;" 1150 
 
 Sfl. oS' iKeivo<; avfip. 
 ST. w <f)l'\o<;, S) <f>tKo<!. 
 SS2. aTTiOi Xa^wv rov vlov, 
 2,T. ia> 10) reKVOv. 
 
 lov lov. 1155 
 
 CO? ^Bofiai aov irpwra rrjv 'Xpoiav ISwv. 
 
 vvv flip y IBelp el irplarop e^appr]TiKbi 
 
 KdpTiXoyiKb<!, Kal tovto roinri'^^tiopiop 
 
 dre^i'ft)? eirapGel, to tI Xiyeif av ; Kal BoKeip 
 
 dSiKOvvT dBtKeladai jcal KaKovpjovPT 618 on. 1160 
 
 iwl TOV irpoauiTrov t e<7Tlp Attikop /SXeTTO?. 
 
 vvp ovp OTTOS'; adxxei'; /i, iirel KairdiKeaa';. 
 ^E. (j}0^ei Se Bt] Ti ; ST. rr]P eprjp re Kal viap. 
 $E. ePT) yap iaTi Kal via rt? '^ fie pa ; 
 
 ST. els rjv ye drjcreiv ra nrpvTaveld (f>aal fioi. 1165 
 
 $E. dird\ov(T df) av9' ol 6ipTe<s' oii yap eaff oirat'i 
 
 fiC fffiepa yevouT dp rifiepat Bvo. 
 
 1149, 50. These two lines are taken with slight variation from Euripides, Hecuba 
 169. 
 
 Si riKvov, 3i trdi 
 SvarafoTiiTas fiaripos, e|eA.6', 
 
THE CLOUDS. 103 
 
 Weep, obol-weighers, weep, weep, weep. 
 
 Ye, and your principals, and compound interests. 
 
 For ye shall never pester me again. 
 Such a son have I bred, 
 (He is within this door,) 
 
 Born to inspire my foemen with dread. 
 Born his old father's house to restore : 
 
 Keen and polished of tongue is he. 
 
 He my Champion and Guard shall be. 
 
 He win set his old father free, 
 
 Eun you, and call him forth to me. 
 
 " my child ! my sweet ! come out I entreat ; 
 'Tis the voice of your sire." 
 SoCR. Here's the man you require. 
 Steeps. Joy, joy of my heart ! 
 Sock. Take your son and depart. 
 Steeps. come, come, my son, my son, j 
 
 dear ! dear ! 
 
 O joy, to see your beautiful complexion ! 
 
 Aye now you have an aspect Negative 
 
 And Disputative, and our native query 
 
 Shines forth there " What d'ye say ?" You've the true face 
 
 Which rogues put on, of injured innocence. 
 
 You have the regular Attic look about you. 
 
 So now, you save me, for 'twas you undid me. 
 Phi!id. What is it ails you ? Streps. Why the Old-and-New day. 
 Pheid. And is there such a day as Old-and-New ? 
 Steeps. Yes : that's the day they mean to stake their gages. 
 Pheid. They'll lose them if they stake ihem. What ! do you think 
 
 That one day can be two days, both together ? 
 
 
104 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ST. ovK av yivoiTO ; ^E. ttw? yap ; el firj vep y a/ia 
 
 avTT] yevoiT av ypaw re koI via yvvq. 
 ST. Kal iu.fjv vevo/Miaraiy. ^E. ov yap, olfiat, tov vofiov 1170 
 
 'ia-aa-i-v opdm 6 Tt voel. ST. voei Se ri ; 
 
 $E . 6 26Xwv o TraXaw rjv <j}i\6B7ifio'; Trjv ^vaiv. 
 ST. tovtI iiev ovSiv iro) Trpos evrjv re Kal. viav. 
 $E. iiceivo<i ovv rrjv /cXrjaiv ek Sv r}iiepa<s 
 
 edrjKev, eh ye rrjv evrjv re Kal veav, 1175 
 
 iV ai Secret? ylyvoivro ry vovfirjvia. 
 ST. "va Brj rl rrjv evqv irpo(7e6r)Kev ; $E. iV, & fieke, 
 
 Trapovre? ol (}ievyovre<; rjiMepa fiia, 
 
 rrporepov diraWdrroivS' e/cwre?, el Se fir/, 
 
 ewOev viravrnvro rfj vov)ir}vCq. 1180 
 
 ST. 7ra)9 ov Sexovrat Bfjra rfj vovfirp/la. 
 
 apj(al tA irpvravet, aW' evr) re Kat vea ; 
 $JE. oirep 01 rrporevdai yap SoKovcri fioi troielv 
 
 "v m^ rd'^i'iTra ra rrpvraveV v^e7\x)iaro, 
 
 Bid rovro irpovrevdevaav rjfJ-ipa fj.ia. 1185 
 
 ST. ev y', Si KaKoZaifiove<;, ri KaOrjaff d^eKrepoi, 
 
 ■^fierepa KepBrj rS>v ao<^5)V, ovre<i Xidot, 
 
 dpi.BjjM'i, rrpo^ar a\Xo)9, dfi(f>oprjv vevrjapAvoi, ; 
 
 war els e/iavrov Kal rov vlov rovrovl 
 
 eV evrvx^acaiv acrriov fiovyKcofiiov. 1190 
 
 fMKap 03 SrpeylriaSe'i, 
 
 aiiro'i r e^v? tos cro^o?, 
 
 Xolov rov vibv rpe(f)ei<!, 
 
 ^rjaovab Zrj fi oi (j)t\ot, 
 
 Xol Brjfiorai, 1195 
 
 ^r)Xovvre's rjviK av (ri) viKaf Xeywv Ta? Si'/ca?. 
 
 aXX' eladyav ere ^ovXo/Mai, rrpoirov eandcrai,. 
 
 1183. TvpoTivBai.'] Brunck quotes Sui- o-^^vai. The irpoTivdai are generally sup- 
 das, TrpoT(v6ar oi npo tov Kaipov rav posed to be some obscure body of oflScers, 
 Trpoa(payia>v aTToycvofievoi- oi 7rpoXaju|3a- whose duty it was to test the healthful 
 vovTfs T^ 8^a, irpiu tls Ttjv ayopav Kopi- condition of the victims before they were 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 Streps. Why, can't it be so ? Pheid. Surely not; or else 
 A woman might at once be old and young. 
 
 Streps. Still, the law says so. Pheid. True : but I believe 
 
 They don't quite understand it. Streps. You explain it. 
 
 Pheid. Old Solon had a democratic turn. 
 
 Streps. "Well, but that's nothing to the Old-and-New. 
 
 Pheid. Hence then he fixed that summonses be issued 
 On these two days, the old one and the new one. 
 So that the stakes be pledged on the New-month. 
 
 Streps. What made him add 'the old' then? Pheid. I will tell you. 
 He wished the litigants to meet on that day 
 And compromise their quarrels : if they could not. 
 Then let them fight it out on the New-month. 
 
 Streps. Why then do Magistrates receive the stakes 
 
 On the Old-and-New instead of the New-month ? 
 
 Pheid. WeU, I beheve they act hke the Poretasters. 
 
 They wish to bag the stakes as soon as possible. 
 And thus they gain a whole day's foretaste of them. 
 
 Streps, Aha ! poor dupes, why sit ye mooning there 
 Game for us Artful Dodgers, you dull stones. 
 You ciphers, lambkins, butts piled up together ! 
 ! my success inspires me, and I'll sing 
 Glad eulogies on me and thee, my son. 
 " Man, most blessed, most divine. 
 What a wondrous wit is thine. 
 What a son to grace thy line" 
 Friends and neighbours day by day 
 Thus will say. 
 When with envious eyes my suits they see thee win : 
 But first I'll feast you, so come in, my son, come in. 
 
 105 
 
 to be saciificed. aXX' enyrvji,as auSp ovra Tov aov nalha. 
 
 1188. apiBfios^ Bergler quotes Eurip. Horace, Bp. i. ii. 27. Noa numerus sumua 
 Heraclidee, 997. dbas pev ovk apidphv etfruges consumers nati. 
 
 p 
 
106 NE^EAAI. 
 
 UA. eiT avBpa twv avrov tc ^PV vpolkvai,; 
 
 ovSeTTOTe y, aX\a KpelrTov ev6v<; r]V tots 
 
 awepvOpiacTM fiaXXov rj ff^eti' 'n-pdyfiara, 1200 
 
 ore Tcbv ifiavTov 7' eveKU vvvl ')(p'qiidTwv 
 
 ekKU) ere KKtjTevcrovTa, koi, lyevrjaofiat, 
 
 e')(dpo<; en irpoi TOVTOiaov dvSpl S7]jj,ottj. 
 
 drap ovhk-rroTe ye ttjv TraTplSa Karaia-^^vvo} 
 
 iJMV, dXKa KaXovjiat ^■vpe'^id^v ST. t« ovToal. ; 1205 
 
 HA. €? TT^v evrjv T6 Koi veav. ST. /lapTvpo/xai, 
 
 oTt, €9 Bv elirev t'jfiepa'i. tov ■^(pijfiaTO'; ; 
 HA. tS}V ^(oSeica (jlvuv, a? eXa/3e? wvovfievo^ 
 
 TOV ylrapov 'iTTTTov. ST. "inrov ; ovk aKovere, 
 
 ov 'Trdvrei; v/iei^ icrTe fuaovvd' iTnriKijv. 1210 
 
 II A. Kal vr] A" d-TToScocreiv 7' eirmfivv; tovs ffeovi. 
 ST. fia TOV AH' ov <ydp ireo tot i^TjirtaTaTO 
 
 ^etStTrTrtS?;? fiot tov aKaTdpKrjTov Xoyov, 
 HA. vvv 8e Bia TovT e^apvoi; elvai Biavoei ; 
 
 ST. Th yap ahX av diroXavaMfii tov iJi,adrjfJiaTO<; ; 1215 
 
 UA. Koi Tavr' 60eX?jcr6t? dirofioaai (loi tou? Oeovii ; 
 ST. TTOiou? deov<i ; 
 HA. TW Aia, TOV 'Epfiriv, tov ITocretSco. ST. vr] Aia, 
 
 K&v TTpocrKaTaOeiT^v y, gJo-t' ojxoaai, Tpido^oXov. 
 HA. diToKoio Toivvv eveK dvaiSeiaf eVt. 1230 
 
 ST. dXcrti' BLaafiij'^Oel'i ovatT av ovToai. 
 HA. o'tfi ft)? KarayeXa^. ST. e^ xoa? 'ymprjaerat,. 
 HA. ov Toi p,h TOV Ala TOV /J,eyav Kal tov<; 6eov<; 
 
 efjLov KaTairpoi^eL. ST. Oavfiacriw; rjaOrjv 6eol<;, 
 
 1204. Trjv naTpiba Karaia-xvvio.'^ KaTij- nesses, etc., to 8wear by three Gods, a law 
 
 yopei 'AOrjvataiv as irepX ras SUas del Sia- retained by Plato, Laws xi..-936, E : and 
 
 Tpipovrav. Scholiast. Cf. supra 208. And according to this custom, he adds, Socrates 
 
 elsewhere, passim. is represented, supr. 613, as swearing by 
 
 1218. TOJ/ Am, Tov'Ep^^j/, TonIIoo-ciSa).] A.vaiTvor]v, Xaos, and 'Aepa. He illustrates 
 
 Spanheim refers this to the law instituted this rule by several passages from the 
 
 by Draco and Solon, commanding wit- Orators, and Dindorf adds Aristoph. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 107 
 
 Pasias. What! must a man lose his own property ! 
 
 No : never, never. Better have refused 
 
 With a bold face, than be so plagued as this. 
 
 See ! to get paid my own just debts, Tm forced 
 
 To drag you to bear witness, and what's worse 
 
 I needs must quarrel with my townsman here. 
 
 Well, I won't shame my country, while I live, 
 
 I'll go to law, I'll summon him Streps. Hollo ! 
 Pas. To the next Old-and-New. Streps. Bear witness, all ! 
 
 He named two days. Well ! what do you want with me ? 
 Pas. The fifty pounds I lent you when you bought 
 
 That iron-gray. Steeps. Just listen to the fellow ! 
 
 The whole world knows that I detest all horses. 
 Pas. I swear you swore by all the Gods to pay me. 
 Streps. Well, now I swear I won't : Phidippides 
 
 Has learnt since then the unanswerable Logic. < 
 Pas. And will you therefore shirk my just demand ? 
 Streps. Of course I will : else why should he have learnt it ?. 
 Pas. And will you dare forswear it by the Gods ? 
 Streps. The Gods indeed ! What Gods ? 
 Pas. Poseidon, Hermes, Zeus. Streps. By Zeus I would. 
 
 Though I gave two-pence half-penny for the privilege. 
 Pas. Consume you for a brazen-faced blasphemer ! 
 Streps. Hollo ! this butt should be rubbed down with salt. 
 Pas. Zounds ! you deride me ! Streps. Why 'twill hold four gallons. 
 Pas. You 'scape me not, by Mighty Zeus, and all 
 
 The Gods ! Streps. I wonderfully like the Gods ; 
 
 Equites, 941, ei y( "ij toi' Ala koI tov he on tovs Trapa(f)povovvTas aXcri Kal i\m<a 
 
 'AttoXXo) Koi TTjV A^iiTjTpa. Cf. also supr. dtaBp^xoiJifv koX ixpeXowrai.. 'Gs naxi- 
 
 420. Seppov Se avTov -f^kevaCd' to yap iraxea 
 
 1221. SKa-lv Siaa-prixdeis.] ms ini «.€- l„^ mpikrjs tS>v deppariov dXo-i paXaTTO- 
 
 pdpa rj atTKO) TOV \6yov TfOLe'iTm, oirii/ey fxei/a evpirepa ylvovTM as ^rXeov x'^P^'^ 
 
 a-prixopevM dXcrl /SeXrioves ylvovTaf apa pirpov. Scholiast. 
 
 p2 
 
108 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Koi Zev^ yeKoio^ ofivufievo'; tow elZoaiv. 1225 
 
 UA. r] firjV (TV TOVTWV T&J XP°^? BcoaeK olktjv. 
 
 dXX' 6tV aTToZcixTei.'i jioi ra ^■r^fj-ar' e'ire fir], 
 
 dm-oirefj-^lrov aTTOKpivdfievo^. ST. e^e vw 7]<TV)(p<;. 
 
 iyw rydp avrW cmoKpwovfiai aoi a-a^oi';. 
 TIA. Tt (Toi hoKel Spdcreiv ; MA. a-jroBcoa-eiv fioi SoKei. 1230 
 
 ST. TTov '(t6' ovto^ cnraiToov fie rdpyvpiov ; Xeye, 
 
 tovtI Ti e<m, ; HA. Taxis' 6 Tt i<ni ; KapZoiro^. 
 ST. e-rreur aTranei^ rdpyvpcov roiovTO<; wv ; 
 
 ovK dv dTToSoLTjv ovB' dv oySoXw ovtievl, 
 
 ocTTi'i KoXkaeie /cdpBoTrov Trjv KapSoTrrjv. 1235 
 
 IIA. OVK dp aTToScocret? ; ST. ov^, oaov ye fi elBevai. 
 
 oiiKovv dvvaa<; ti SaTTOV d'rroKiTapyi.el'i 
 
 diro Tfj<; 6vpa<; ; HA. aTreifii, km, tovt "aS", oTi, 
 
 drjarai irpvTaveV, fj firfKeri ^(iyrjv eyui. 
 ST. TrpoaaTTO^aXel'; dp avTa tt/so? rat? BmBeKa. 1240 
 
 Kahoi ere tovto y ou^l ^ovKofiai TvaOelv, 
 
 OTirf 'KaXeaK evrjdiKW ttjv KapBovop. 
 AM. Id) fLoi fioi. 
 ST. ea. Tt9 ovToai ttot ecrO" 6 dprjvoov ; ov tL ttov 
 
 t5)v KapKLVov rts Baifiovcov i(p0ey^aTO ; 1245 
 
 AM. Ti S' o(7T(9 elfil, TOVTO ^ovKecrO' elBevai ; 
 
 dvrjp KaKoBaificov. ST. KaTa creavTov vw Tpeirov, 
 AM. " 0) cTKkrfpe Bdifiov, Si Tvyai 6pava-dvTvye<; 
 
 iTTTTcov ifjicov" " w IlaXXaS) w? fi aircoXeaa^." 
 ST. tI Bai ae TXrfrvoKefib^ ttot etpyaaTai, KaKov ; 1250 
 
 AM. fir) aKUiTTTe fi', & Tav, dWd fioi ra ')(prjfiaTa 
 
 TOP vlov diroBovvau KeKevaov dXa^ev, 
 
 1245. Satfidi/mi/.] Kuster and Schutz This is far preferable to the interpreta- 
 
 are undoubtedly correct in referring this tion of the Scholiast, haiy-ovcav nap' vno- 
 
 to the practice of Carcinus, the " poetic voiav avri rov waibcov. 
 
 Crabbe"of Athens, of introducing his Gods 1247. avfjp KaKoSaiiiav, k.t.\.] This 
 
 indulging in lamentations on the stage, lu^e occurs Achamians 1019, and is thus 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 109 
 
 Pas. 
 
 Pas. 
 
 Streps 
 
 An oath by Zeus is sport to knowingones. 
 
 Sooner or later you'll repent of this. 
 
 Come do you mean to pay your debts or don't you ? 
 
 Tell me, and I'll be off. Steeps. Now do have patience ; 
 
 I'U give you a clear answer in one moment. 
 
 What do you think he'U do ? Witness. I think he'U pay you. 
 
 Where is that horrid dun ? here : now tell me 
 
 What you call this. Pas. What I call that ? a trough. 
 Streps, Heavens ! what a fool : and do you want your money ? 
 
 I'd never pay one penny to a fellow 
 
 Who calls my troughess, trough. So there's your answer. 
 Pas. Then you won't pay me ? Steeps. No, not if I know it. 
 
 Come put your best foot forward, and be off : 
 
 March off, I say, this instant ! Pas. May I die 
 
 If I don't go at once and stake my gage ! 
 Steeps. No don't : the fifty pounds are loss enough : 
 
 And really on my word I would not wish you 
 
 To lose this too just for one siUy blunder. 
 Amynias. Ah me ! Oh ! Oh ! Oh ! 
 Steeps. Hollo ! who's that making that horrible noise ? 
 
 Not one of Carcinus's snivelling Gods ? 
 
 Who cares to know what I am ? what imports it ? 
 
 A woeful man. Streps. ! get about your business. 
 
 " heavy fate !" " 'Fortune, thou hast broken 
 
 My chariot wheels !" " Thou hast undone me, Pallas !" 
 Steeps. How ! has Tlepolemus been at you, man ? 
 Amyn. Jeer me not, friend, but tell your worthy son 
 
 To pay me back the money which I lent him : 
 
 Amyn. 
 
 Amyn, 
 
 translated by Mr. Frere : 
 
 Countryman. O miserable ! wretched ! wretched man ! 
 
 DiOiEOPOLis. Fellow, take care with those unhappy words, apply them to yourself. 
 
 The two verses immediately foUowing are son of Carcinus. Licymnius was acciden- 
 quotations from the Licymnius of Xenocles, tally kUled by Ms nepbew Tlepolemus. 
 
110 NE^EAAI. 
 
 aXXw? re fievroi koX KaKco'i •jreirpajoTL. 
 ST. TO. iroia ravra '^prjfiaff' ; AM. aSaveCcraTO. 
 
 ST. KaKW ap ovTcaf et%e?, W9 7' efiol SoKei^. 1255 
 
 AM. tTTTTOus iXavvcov e^iirecrov vfj tov<s deov<;. 
 ST. Tt SrjTa X7;pet? wcTTrep air ovov KaTwrrecraiv ; 
 AM. Xrjpoi), TO, ')(pr)fjLaT aTToKa/Selv el ^ovKofiai ; 
 ST. ovK ea-d' OTTO)? crv y aiirbs vyiaLvei<;. AM. ri Sat ; 
 
 ST. Tov eyKi<pa\ov wa-rrep aecreiadac HOI BoKet'i. 1260 
 
 AM. (TV Se vrj Tw 'EpfiTJv itpoaiceicK.'fiadai fxai SoKel^, 
 
 el yaaTToScocret? rdpyvpiov. ST. KUTenri vvv, 
 
 TTorepa i/o/ii^et? Kaivov del tov A la 
 
 veiv vowp eKacrroT , ij tov rfKiov 
 
 ekKeiv KcLTCoOev Tamo Tovff vScop iraXiv ; 1265 
 
 AM. OVK oW ejcoy^ o-rroTepov, oiiSe ^oi fiekei. 
 ST. ■7ra)<; ovv d-RoXa^elv TapyvpLov SiKaio^ el, 
 
 el /j,T]Sev olaOa tmv fieTewpcov Trparyfidrmv ; 
 AM. dXK' el cnravi^ei,<;, rdpjvpwv fioi. tov tokov 
 
 aTToSo? 76. ST. TOVTO S' eo'ff 6 TOKO? TL drjpiov ; 1270 
 
 AM. Tc S" dWo 7' 7] Kara firjva Kal Kaff ^fjuepav 
 
 irXiov ifXeov Tapyvpiov del yiyveTai, 
 
 vTTOppeovTO'; tov "xpovov ; ST, Ka\a)<! Xeyet?. 
 
 Ti STJTa ; Trjv OaKaTTav eaS" on ifKeiova 
 
 vvvl vo/j,c^ei^ ri irpb rov ; AM. fid A", dW' 'ia-rjv. 1275 
 
 ov yap Si/caiov ifKeCov elvai. ST. Kara ttw? 
 
 avTrj fiev, w KaKoBaifiov, ovBev yiyverai 
 
 eiTippeovrmv tmv TroTa/MMV TrXeCmv, <rv he 
 
 ^iyrets "Troirjaai Tdpyvpiov TrXelov to (tov ; 
 
 OVK dTTohuo^ec cravTov diro Trj'i olxiai ; 1280 
 
 1257. iw' Svov KaraTT^tT^u.] Here there later editors insert t.toj between otto and 
 
 is a play on the words an omv and airo S„ov, most needlessly : such a joke is not 
 
 vov. Similar puns are quoted by the Scho- at all below the adoption of Plato : as 
 
 Uast from Plato's Laws, iii. 701. D. kqI /117 one instance among many, see Rep. x. 
 
 KaBamp axoKtvov KeKTqiiivov to arojia, ^la 614, anoKoyov ovk 'AXkIvov oXX' oXxi/iOu 
 
 vjr6 TOV Xoyou ipfponevov Kara TrjV nap- av8p6s) ; — and by Brunck from Plautus 
 
 otiiiav air wou jreaeiy. (here, however, Mil. Gloriosus iv. 7, 25. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 I'm in a bad way and the times are pressing. 
 Streps. What money do you mean ? Amyn. Why what he borrowed. 
 Streps. You are in a bad way, I really think. 
 Amyn. Driving my four-wheel out I fell, by Zeus. 
 Streps. You rave as if you'd fall'n times out-of-mind. 
 Amyn. I rave? how so? I only claim my own. 
 
 Streps. You can't be quite right, surely. Amyn. Why what mean you ? 
 Streps. I shrewdly guess your brain's received a shake. 
 Amyn. I shrewdly guess that you'll receive a summons 
 
 If you don't pay my money. Streps. Well then teU me. 
 
 Which theory do you side with, that the rain 
 
 Palls fresh each time, or that the Sun draws back 
 
 The same old rain, and sends it down again ? 
 Amyn. I'm very sure I neither know nor care. 
 Streps. Not care ! good heavens ! And do you claim your money. 
 
 So unenlightened in the Laws of Nature ? 
 Amyn. If you're hard up then, pay me back the Interest 
 
 At least. Streps. Int-er-est ? what kind of a beast is that ? 
 Amyn. What else than day by day and month by month 
 
 Larger and larger stiU the silver grows 
 
 As time sweeps by. Streps. Knely and nobly said. 
 
 What then ! think you the Sea is larger now 
 
 Than 'twas last year ? Amyn. No surely, 'tis no larger : 
 
 It is not right it should be. Streps. And do you then. 
 
 Insatiable grasper ! when the Sea, 
 
 Eeceiving aU these Elvers, grows no larger. 
 
 Do you desire your silver to grow larger? 
 
 Come now you prosecute your journey off ! 
 
 Maris causa hercle istoc ego oculo utor minus : 
 
 Nam si abstinuissem a mare, tanquam hoc, uterer. 
 i. e. si abatinuissem amare : and from IjiaTiov Kaivov- oirep rjv, vov koI ifianov. 
 Diog. Laert. ii. xii. 6. (Taijclin.) 6 2T[Xna>v 1280. ovk an-oSta)^ei.] Recte habet 
 
 I8av Tov KpdrrjTa ^eifxavos (TvyK€Kaifj.evov, arroSia^ei. ; quoniam Danistes hie 8iQ>Ka>v 
 'Q KpaTrjs, ewre, 8ok€7s ixoi pi;peiai' cx^'" 6rat, Strepsiades (pevyav tov dioiKovTa, Sic 
 
113 NE^EAAI. 
 
 <f)epe fioi TO Kevrpov. AM. TavT eya> fiapTVpofiat. 
 ST. VTTwye, Ti fieXKeK ; ovk eXa? w crafi<p6pa ; 
 AM.TavT oiix v/S/3t9 BrjT eaTiv; ST. a^et? ; eVtaXw 
 
 KevTibv viro tov irpwicTov ere tov ffeipa^opov. 
 
 <f>evy6i'; ; efieWov a apa Kivrjcreiv ijai 1285 
 
 avTol'i Tpo')(pt<i Tot? croiai Koi ^vvaipta-tv. 
 XO. olov TO Tvpaiyfidrwy epav ipXavpcav o fyap 
 
 jepcov oS' epaaOel'i 
 
 airoaTepfjcrai ^ovKerai 
 
 TO, ■xp^fiad^ ahaveiaaro' 1290 
 
 KOVK ecrd' OTTCO'S oil TTjjJXpOV 
 
 Xrji^eTai Ti "irpayfi, b rov- 
 
 Tov iroLtjaei tov aocpiaTrjv t'<7&)S 
 
 av6^ Siv iravovpyecp fjp^aT, i^a((j)vr]<; kukov Xa^eiv ti. 
 
 oi/Mit yap avTov avTi)(^ evprjaeiv oirep i^»o 
 
 TToKai, ttot' eVe^et, 
 
 elvat TOV v'wv Beivov ol 
 
 yv(i)/J,a<; ivavTia<; Xiyew 
 
 Toccriv BiKaioK, (ixjTe vi- 
 
 Kav airavTw; olaTrep av 1300 
 
 ^■uyyevTjTai, kuv Xiyrj Trafnrovijp' . 
 
 l'cr&)9 S' "aw; ^ovX^aeTat Kacfxavov axnov elvai. 
 
 2, 1 . LOV lOV. 
 
 & yeLTOve'i koX ^X}yyevei<; Ka\ BrjfioTai, 
 
 aiMwdOere fioL TvirTOfiivo) Trdcrrj re^w;. 1305 
 
 oc/ioi KaKoBaCficov t^? Ke<paXrj^ koI Trj<; yvdOov. ^ 
 
 01 fuape, TUTTTet? tov iraTepa ; ^E. 0»?/i', w iraTep. 
 
 ST. opaff ofjLoXoyovvff oTi fie rvinei. $jE. kuI fidXa. 
 
 ST. w fiiape Koi vaTpaKola koX Tot^eopi/j^e. 
 
 ^E. aii6l<i fie TavTo, TUVTa kol TrXewa \eye. 1310 
 
 ap' olad' oTi ')(aip(i> ttoXX' aKovasv koI Kaicd ; 
 
 in 'Opv, 1020, ad Metonem Geometram, Bentley. I have endeavoured to keep up 
 OVK avanerpija-eis aavrbv djricbv ahXaxq. ^^^ allusion in my version. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 113 
 
 Here, fetch the whip. Amyn. Bear witness, I appeal. 
 Steeps. Be off ! what won't you ? Gee up, forester ! 
 Amyn. I say ! a clear assault ! Steeps. You won't be off? 
 
 I'll stimulate you ; Zeus ! I'll goad your haunches. 
 Aha ! you run : I thought I'd stir you up 
 You and your four-wheels and your phaetons ! 
 Choe. What a thing it is to long for matters which are wrong ! 
 For you see how this old man 
 Is seeking, if he can 
 His creditors trepan : 
 And I confidently say 
 That he will this very day 
 Such a blow 
 Amid his prosperous cheats receive, that he will deeply deeply grieve. 
 Por I think he will discover what has long been boiling over. 
 That his son has learned the way 
 All justice to gainsay. 
 Be it what or where it may : 
 That he'll trump up any tale. 
 Eight or wrong, and so prevail. 
 This I know. 
 Yea! and perchance thetimewiU comewhenheshall wish his son weredumb. 
 Steeps. Oh! Oh! 
 
 Help ! Murder ! Help ! neighbours, kinsfolk, townsmen. 
 Help, one and all, against this base assault, 
 Ah ! Ah ! my cheek ! my head I me, poor devil ! 
 Wretch ! do you strike your father? Pheid. Yes, Papa. 
 Steeps. See ! See ! he owns he struck me. Pheid. To be sure. 
 Steeps. Scoundrel ! and parricide ! and house-breaker ! 
 Pheid. Thank you : go on, go on : do please go on. 
 Encore ! Encore ! I revel in reproaches. 
 
 1309. Toix<^pvxf-] Mr. Mitchell sup- jured father, with a view to taking off 
 poses that this word was intended to have a from the extreme painfulness of the scene. 
 ludicrous effect in the mouth of the in- 
 
114 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ST. 0) XaKKOTTpaKTe. ^E. Trdrre •jroXXot? to?? poSoi';. 
 
 ST. Tov iraTepa Tinnei'; ; ^E. Ka'i70J)avS) ye vr} Ala 
 
 0)9 iv BiKrj a erviTTOV. ST. to fuapmrare, 
 
 Koi TTW? jevooT av iraripa rvwretv iv Slkti ; 1315 
 
 ^E. eycoy" airohei^o), Kal ae viKrjcra \eyo)v. 
 ST. tovtI ci) viKi](7ei<; ; ^E. iroKv <ye Kal paBioyf. 
 
 ekov S' owoTspov Toiv Xojoiv ^oxikei \eyeiv. 
 ST. TToioiv Xoyoiv ; ^E. toi' KpeiTTOv, ^ 701* rjTTova ; 
 ST. iBiBa^dfMr]v fxevTOi ere vr] AC, Ss fieXe, 1320 
 
 Totcnv St/cat'oi? dvTiKeyeiv, el ravrd ye 
 
 fieWeL<; dvaTreicreiv, ea? BixaLOv koI koKov 
 
 TOV rrrarepa rvTrTead' earlv virh tSiv vlemv. 
 $E. aXX' owfiai fievTOi a dvaTreiaeiv, ware ye 
 
 ovB^ avTO<; dKpoaad/i,evo<; ovBev dvrepel<;. 1325 
 
 ST. Kal jJLrjv 6 ri Kal Xefet? aKovcrai ^ovkojxai. 
 XO. (TOV epyov, w Trpea-^vra, <f>povrl^ei.v ottt} 
 
 TOV avBpa KpaTijcrei^, 
 
 609 ovTO%, el p,ri tw ^ireiroldetv, ovk av tjv 
 
 ovTcoi aKoKacTTO^. 1330 
 
 aXX' eaO' otw OpacrvveTaf 
 
 BrjXov TO XTJfi eVrt rdvOpcoTTOV. 
 
 aXX' e^ oTov to irpwTOv rjp^aO'' rj fidxv yeveadat 
 
 rjBr) Xeyeiv ■)(pr] irpo'; ^(ppov. irdvToi^ Be tovto BpdaeK. 
 ST. Kal fifjv odev ye TrpaTov rjp^dfiea-Oa XoiBopeicrOat 1335 
 
 iym (j)pd(T(o' 'TreiBr) yap el<mdo/j,e9 , wcnrep XaTe, 
 
 TTpcoToii jMOf avTov TTjv Xvpav Xa^ovT €70) 'KeXevaa 
 
 aaab SifJ,covlBov fieXo^, tov Kplov, ft>9 e'!re')(9'q. 
 
 1320. ibiha^ajirjv^ avTi tov i^cTrm- ^atji av. Hermann would make the middle 
 
 hfvaa hi iripov to yap iSiba^e 8t eavTov. there signify, " I vnU not taie you for my 
 
 Scholiast. Compare the sense of 8iSa^o/iat disciple :" but that rendering does not by 
 
 in 129 with that of Si'Sagov in 244 supra, any means keep up the force of the middle 
 
 etc. But OVK &v Ma^aifirjv cr ^Ti in line Toice. See the note there. 
 767, seems to run counter to this rule, and 1337. ttji/ Xvpav.^ After a dfamer songs 
 
 therefore Elmsley would there read hiZa- called napoivia were sometimes sung by 
 
THE CLOUDS. 113 
 
 Streps. O probed Adulterer. Pheid. Eoses from your lips. 
 Streps. Strike you your father ? Pheid. dear yes : what's more 
 
 I'll prove I struck you justly. Streps. Struck me justly ! 
 
 "Villain ! how can you strike a father justly ? 
 Pheid. Yes, and I'll demonstrate it, if you please. 
 Streps. Demonstrate this ? Pheid. yes, quite easily. 
 
 Come, take your choice, which Logic do you choose ? 
 Streps. Which what? Pheid. Logic: the Better or the Worse ? 
 Streps. Ah, then, in very truth I've had you taught 
 
 To reason down all Justice, if you think 
 
 You can prove this, that it is just and right 
 
 That fathers should be beaten by their sons ! 
 Pheid. Well, well, I think I'll prove it, if you'll listen. 
 
 So that even you won't have one word to answer. 
 Streps. Come, I should like to hear what you've to say. 
 Chorus. 'Tis yours, old man, some method to contrive 
 This fight to win : 
 
 He would not without arms wherewith to strive 
 So bold have been. 
 He knows, be sore, whereon to trust. 
 His eager bearing proves he must. 
 
 So come and teU us from what cause this sad dispute began ; 
 
 Come, tell us how it first arose : do tell us if you can. 
 Streps. Well from the very first I will the whole contention shew : 
 
 'Twas when I went into the house to feast him, as you know, 
 
 I bade him bring his lyre and sing, the supper to adorn, 
 
 Some lay of old Simonides, as, how the Ram was shorn : 
 
 the guests. Each as he sung took in his cited, and refers to these lines as a proof 
 hand a lyre or a sprig of myrtle, as a of the correctness of this distinction. Phi- 
 badge of minstrelsy, and passed it on, dippides is requested Xa/So'cra ttjv \vpav 
 when he had finished, to his neighbour. 'AISAI. Xa^uvra nvpplvrjv AEgAI. On 
 Colonel Mure, (iii. llOj) says that the lyre these Scolia, see also Muller's literature of 
 was the badge when a song was to be sung, Greece, chap. xiii. sect. 16. 
 the myrtle when a passage was to be re- 1338. top Kpi6v.~\ The name of Kpws 
 
 q2 
 
116 NE^EAAI. 
 
 6 S' evOew; ap')(a2ov elv e<f>aaKe to Kidapi^eiv 
 
 aSetv re Trivovd', dicnrepel Ka,')(pv<; jvvalic aXovaav. 1340 
 
 ^E. 01) yap TOT eu6v<; "XprjV d apaTTeaOai re Koi Trareicrdai,, 
 
 aSeiv Kekevovd', dxrirepel TeTTuya<; eaTicovra ; 
 ST. ToiavTa fievTot, koL tot' eXeyev evBov, oldirep vvv, 
 
 Koi Tov '2iiMa}viZ'r)v e(paaK elvai kukov •rroiTjTijv. 
 
 Kwyo) fioki'i fj,ev, aSX' ofj,tt><; ^vsct'xo/mtjv to irpotTov 1345 
 
 eTTCOTa 8' eVeXevo-' avTov aXKa /xvppivrjv Xa^ovTa 
 
 Tuv Alcr^iiXov Xi^ai tL p,oi' Koff ovTO<i eiidii^ elirev, 
 
 ijd) yap Ala'^vXov vofil^oi 'rrpunov iv TroirjToi'i 
 
 ■\jr6(j}0v ifKeav, a^vaTaTov, aT6fi<j)aKa, Kprjij.vo'iroMv ; 
 
 KaVTavda ttoj? oteade fiov ttjv KapBiav 6pe-)(9elv ; 1350 
 
 ojMWi Se TOV dvfiov BaKwv ecjyrjv, crv B' aXXa tovtqjv 
 
 Xe^ov Tb Twv vewTepoiv, utt iaTi Ta cro<f>a Tavra. 
 
 o o evovi ya Jlivpnnoov prjcriv Tiv , o)? CKivei 
 
 dBeX(f>o<;, StXe^oKaKe, ttjv 6/j,ojMr]TpMV aSeX^Tji/. 
 
 Kayw ovKeT i^r]vecr)(p/j,7]v, aXX' eiidw e^apoTTCo 1355 
 
 TToXXot? KaKol'i Kala')(^pdlai' kot evTev6ev, olov eIko';, 
 
 €7ro? TTjoo? eVo? '^petBofieaff'' eW ovto<: eTravairrjBd, 
 
 KatrecT ecpXa fie KaaTToBei KUTTVoye KaTrerpi^ev. 
 ^E. ovKovv BcKauo';, oo-tk ovk Evpi'wlBTjv iiraiveZ';, 
 
 ao^coTaTov ; ST. (TocpMTaTov y' eKelvov, co rt cr' e'liro) ; 1360 
 
 aXX' av6i<; av TVTrTrjcrofiao. ^E. vrj tov AC , iv BIktj y av. 
 
 ST. Kol 7r(U9 BiKaiwi ; oo-rt? u>vaLa')(yvTk cr i^eOpe^jra, 
 
 aiadavojjievo^ crov iravTa TpavXi^ovTa, o tl voolt]^. 
 
 of Jilgina, seems to have excited the pun- evidently wrong when he would conclude 
 
 ning propensities of the Greeks to a con- from this passage that Simonides was 
 
 siderable degree. We read of one such looked upon as a forerunner of the So- 
 
 joke in Herodotus, vi. 50, another is given phists (Dialogues of Plato, 244, note) : it 
 
 in these lines of Simonides quoted by the goes directly against him. He is equally 
 
 Scholiast. wi-ong when he refers (Id. 164, note) to 
 
 iTTf^aO' 6 Kpihs ou/c aetKeas the rnvre (Ticnipai of V. 10, as a result of 
 
 e'Aeii/ lis Sip^poiv a.yXaU the effeminate teaching of the Sophists : 
 
 A,bs Ti^evos. <Bergk. No. 15.) Phidippides had then no incHnation what- 
 
 I may just observe that Mr. Sewell is ever to the sophistical doctrines. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 117 
 
 But he replied, to sing at meals was coarse and obsolete ; 
 
 Like some old beldame humming airs the while she grinds her wheat. 
 Pheid. And did you not at once deserve a thrashing, at the least. 
 
 To bid me sing at meals, as at some old cicala's feast ? 
 Streps. You hear him ! so he said just now or e'er high words began : 
 
 And next he called Simonides a very sorry man. 
 
 And when I heard him, I could scarce my rising wrath command ; 
 
 Yet so I did, and him I bid take myrtle in his hand 
 
 And chant some Knes from JUschylus, but he replied with ire, 
 
 " Beheve me I'm not one of those who iEschylus admire. 
 
 That rough, unpolished, turgid froth, that mouther of bombast !" 
 
 When he said this, my heart began to heave extremely fast ; 
 
 Yet still I kept my passion down, and said, Then prithee you. 
 
 Sing one of those new-fangled songs which modern striplings do. 
 
 And he began the shameful tale Euripides has told 
 
 How a brother and a sister lived incestuous lives of old. 
 
 Then, then 1 could no more restrain, but first I must confess 
 
 With strong abuse I loaded him, and so, as you may guess, 
 
 We stormed and bandied threat for threat : till out at last he flew, 
 
 And smashed and thrashed and thumped and bumped and bruised me black and blue. 
 Pheid. And rightly too, who coolly dared Euripides to blame. 
 
 Most sapient bard. Steeps. Most sapient bard ! you, what's your fitting name ? 
 
 Ah ! but he'll pummel me again. Pheid. He will : and justly too. 
 Streps. What ! justly, heartless villain ! when 'twas I who nurtured you. 
 
 I knew your little lisping ways, how soon, you'd hardly think, 
 
 1340. yvvalK dXoOcrav.] Brunck quotes composition, although, as the former re- 
 one of these iTnfi.vKi.oi codai from Athenseus. marks, Plutarch and Diogenes Laertius 
 'AA.€i iii\a, &\€f ^^^^ it literally, and this I think more 
 Kal yap niTrmhs a\€t, probable. 
 HeydXas MirvAavas ^aaiXeiuv. 1354. aB^Xipbs ttjv d8cX(^;7>'.] Maca- 
 Grind, mill, grind : reus ^oli filius Canacen sororem suam 
 Pittacus he doth grind, vitiavit, quam ob rem a patre interfectus 
 King and Miller combined. fuit. Erat hoc argumentum jEoli Eu- 
 . Mr. Grote (part ii. chap. 14.) and Colonel ripidei. Ovid Trist. ii. 384. Nohilis est 
 Mure both consider this to be a political Canace fratris amore sui. Brunck. 
 
118 NE^EAAI. 
 
 el fiev ye ^pvv e'liToi,<i, iyo) 71/01"? av irielv em(T')(ov. 
 
 fiafifiav S' au alT>]aavTO<; rjKov croi, ^epcov av aprov 1365 
 
 KanKav S" av ovk e(pd'r]<; ^pdaai, Kaya> Xa^av Ovpa^e 
 
 e^e^epov av kuI nrpoi/axofiTj^ ere- (tv S' e/xe vvv airdjxiov 
 
 ^oSiVja Kal KeKpar/off" oti 
 
 ■^e^i]Tiayrjv, ovk eVXi?? 
 
 e^co ^^evejKeXv, & fiiape, 1370 
 
 6vpa^e fi', dXKd TTViyoiJ-evo'; 
 
 avTov 'iroiTjaa xaKKav. 
 XO, olfMai 76 TMV vecoTepoov ra? Kapila^ 
 
 TTTjBav, 6 Ti Xi^et. 
 
 el <yap Toiavrd y oStos i^eipyaa/ievo'; 1375 
 
 XaXwi' dvaireicrei,, 
 
 TO Sep/x,a Tcov yepacrepav 
 
 Xd^oLfiev av aXX! ovS" ipe^ivOov. 
 
 crov epyov, & /caiv&v eirihv Kivr^TO, Kai, fiO'xXevTa, 
 
 TTeiOd) Tiva ^7]Telv, ottw? So^et? Xeyeiv BiKaia. 1380 
 
 0E. d)^ TjBv Kaivoh TTpdyiiaaiv Kal Be^iol'i ojJbiXelv, 
 
 Kal T(ov Ka0e(7TQ)TO)v v6fi(ov {nrep(j)pove2v ovvaavab. 
 
 eya> yap ore fiev lirinKy tov vovv fiovov irpodel'xpv, 
 
 ovSi' av Tpr ehrelv pTjfiaff" oto? t rj "jrplv e^a/iapreiv 
 
 vvvl S' iireoBi] fi ovtoctI tovtwv eiravaev airbf, 1385 
 
 yvcofjiaK Se XeirTah Kal \6yoi<; ^vveifit Kal fieplfivai'i, 
 
 olfxai BiBd^eiv a)? BiKaiov tov iraTepa KoXa^eiv. 
 ST. "irweve touvvv vfj AT, a)? e/u.oiye KpeiTTOv ecTiv 
 
 "ttttqiv Tpe(peiv TedpLTnrov r) Tvirrofievov iTriTpi/Srivat,. 
 $JE. eKeicre 8' odev direaj^iad'; fie tov Xoyov fieTeifii, 1390 
 
 Kal irpSiT eprjcrofiai ae tovtI- iraiSd fi ovt eVi/TrTes ; 
 
 1375. i^eipyaa-iiivos.] Est excuUus talia perpetravit) is the only one of which 
 
 doctrinA, arte docendi. Ernesti and Din- the passage admits. The idea is the same 
 
 dorf. There can be, I think, no question as that expressed by ^schylus, Eum. 490. 
 
 whatever that the translation of Bergler 1378. \a/3o(;i€i/.] Xaji^aviiv is emere, 
 
 {qui patrem verleravit) and Brunck {qui as Bergler remarks, quoting Ranse, 1236, 
 
THE CLOUDS. 119 
 
 If you cried "bree!" I guessed your wants, and used to give you drink: 
 If you said "mamm !" I fetched you bread with fond discernment true, 
 And you could hardly say " Caeca !" when through the door I flew 
 And held you out a full arm's length your little needs to do : 
 But now when I was crying 
 That I with pain was dying. 
 You brute ! you would not tarry 
 Me out of doors to carry. 
 But choking with despair 
 I've been and done it there. 
 Chorus. Sure all young hearts are palpitating now 
 To hear him plead, 
 Since if those lips with artful words avow 
 
 The daring deed, 
 And once a favouring verdict win, 
 A fig for every old man's skin. 
 
 thou ! who rakest up new thoughts with daring hands profane, 
 Try aU you can, ingenious man, that verdict to obtain. 
 
 Pheid. How sweet it is these novel arts, these clever words to know. 
 And have the power established rules and laws to overthrow. 
 Why in old times when horses were my sole delight, 'twas wonder 
 If I could say a dozen words without some awful blunder ! 
 But now that he has made me quit that reckless mode of living, 
 And I have been to subtle thoughts my whole attention giving, 
 
 1 hope to prove by logic strict 'tis right to beat my father. 
 Streps. ! buy your horses back, by Zeus, since I would ten times rather 
 
 Have to support a four-in-hand, so I be struck no more. 
 Pheid. Peace. I will now resume the thread where I broke off before. 
 And first I ask : when I was young, did you not strike me then ? 
 
 X^i/rft yap o/3oXoC nam KaKrjv ye Kayadr]v, Non ego nunc emam vitam tuam vitiosa 
 Tou'll ga one for a sixpence, spick and nuce. Add Juvenal, Sat. xiv. 153. Tuni- 
 span, With the phrase in the text Bmnck cam mihi malo lupinse Quam, etc. 
 compares Plautus Mil. Glor. ii. iii. 45. ^ 
 
]20 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ST. eyayye a, evvooov je koX KTjSo/j.evo';. ^E. ehre B-q fioi, 
 
 oil Kafie aoi SiKaiov icTTiv evvoelv ojj.om'i, 
 
 TVTTTeiv T, eireiS^Trep je tovt effr evvoelv, to Tmrreiv ; 
 
 TTW? <yap TO /lev aov aa)/u.a 'xprj ttXtj^wi/ ddwov ebvai, 1395 
 
 Tovfiov Be firj ; Koi fjjrjv e(f>vv eXevdepa ye Kcuyo). 
 
 " Kkdovai, 7ratS6?j iraTepa 8' ov KXdeiv So/cet? ; 
 
 <^r)aeL<; vo/j,i^eaOai, aii TratSo? tovto Tovpyov elvai ; 
 
 iya> Be y avTeuiroifi av cos SI? ■jratSe? ol yepovTe^, 
 
 et/oo? Te /j,aXKov tov<; yepovTa<; rj veov<; n Kkdeiv, 1400 
 
 oawTrep i^afiaprdveiv tjttov BiKaiov avTovs. 
 ST. aXX ovBufiov vojjyi^eTat tov iraTepa tovto iracrj^eiv. 
 $E. ovKovv dvrjp 6 tov vofiov ^et? tovtov r]V to irpcoTOV, 
 
 wairep av Kaycb, koX Xeywv eveide tov; iraXavovi ; 
 
 rjTTOV tI Bryr e^ecTTi Ka/Mol kuivov av to Xoi-nov 1405 
 
 0eivai v6/j,ov toi<; vleaiv, tou? iraTepw; dvTiTVTTTeiv ; 
 
 6cra<; Be 'ifKrjya<i e'i')(pp,ev 7rp\v tov v6p,ov TedrjvaL, 
 
 d(f)iefiev, KoX BiBofiev avTo't<; Trpolica avyKeico^Oai,. 
 
 1397. This line is parodied from Eurip. y,6vov ap', as ioikcv, 6 yepav Sis naXs yiy- 
 
 Alcest. 691. x<"'pf'f opa>v (pas, irarkpa 6' volt av, SKKa (cai o p.e6v(Tdels. I add Plato, 
 
 oi x'^i-pfi-i' SoKeis ; (" whicli is quoted Thes- Axiochus, 367, B. ra va Sir nalScs ol yi- 
 
 moph. 194." Kuster.) It comes from the ponns yiyvovrai. Cratinus (ap. Schol. Plat, 
 
 speech of the selfish Pheres to his infinitely l. g.) aXi;5ijs 6 \6yos, us Sis irais [eorij/ o] 
 
 more selfish son, Admetus. Bergler com- ^^^^^^ ^^^ _^^^^_ j;um. 38. bd<raa-a yip 
 
 pares also Hecuba, 1256, dXyelj. ri 8', ^^^j^^ ^jg^-^. ^^,^^,^ ^^^ „j^_ ^^^^^^ 
 
 r,p.is TraiSAs oifc akyeXv 8okA ; this is in a rather different signification. 
 
 1399. &\s irdibes ol yepovT^s.] The 1403. oijKovv dvfip 6 t6i/ v6p.ov deis.'] 
 
 SchoUast gives several illustrations of this jj^ . j^^ ^^g^;^ ^jg^^ ^^ g^^^ .^^^^ ^^ g^. 
 
 proverb. ndXip yhp aZe.s wah 6 yr,paa-Kau ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ j^ ^y^^^^ ^^^y^ passage, SO fre- 
 
 dv^p (Sophocles). B\s wmSes ol y/poin-cj quently quoted by both Ancients and 
 
 opOa ™ Xo'yo) (Theopompus). ^Ap as Modems, wherein Antigone condemns the 
 
 eotKf, dis yevoiT hv irais yipav (Plato Co- unjust proclamation of Creon : I append 
 
 micus). Mr. Mitchell adds Plato, Laws I. oi a translation. 
 
 It was not Zeus whose voice pronounced those words, 
 
 Nor Hell's dread Potentate, eternal Justice, 
 
THE CLOUDS. 12i 
 
 Streps. Yea : for I loved and cherished you. Pheid. Well solve me this again, 
 Is it not just that I your son should cherish you alike, 
 And strike you, since, as you observe, to cherish means to strike ? 
 What ! must my body needs be scourged and pounded black and blue 
 And yours be scathless ? was not I as much freeborn as you ? 
 " Children are whipped, and shall not sires be whipped ?" 
 Perhaps you'll urge that children's minds alone are taught by blows :— 
 Well : Age is Second Childhood then : that everybody knows. 
 And as by old experience Age should guide its steps more clearly. 
 So when they err, they surely should be punished more severely. 
 
 Steeps. But Law goes everywhere for me : deny it, if you can. 
 
 Pheid. Well was not he who made the law, a man, a mortal man. 
 As you or I, who in old times talked over all the crowd ? 
 And think you that to you or me the same is not allowed 
 To change it, so that sons by blows should keep their fathers steady ? 
 Still, we'U be liberal, and blows which we've received already 
 We will forget, we'll have no ex-post-facto legislation. 
 
 "Wio sanctioned upon earth such laws as these. 
 Nor deemed I that tliy heraldings, frail mortal, 
 Could overleap the unwritten Ordinance, 
 The everlasting Mandates of the Gods. 
 Mandates eternal ! not To-day's vain growth, 
 Nor Yesterday's. Their Birth-time who shall say ! 
 Shall Man's imperious temper force my will 
 To slight those dread Decrees, and, slighting, pay 
 Just penalty to Heaven ! It shall not he. 
 
 With regard to the antiquity of the par- in force at Bleusis. Tois yoveis Tifxav. 
 
 tieular law before us, in Greece, Stanley Honour thy father and thymother. Oeoiis 
 
 [ad JEschylusSupplices, 708, KapTrols aydWeiv. Offer to the Gods the 
 
 t6 ykp reK6vr<ov (r4$as fruits of thy field. Zwa ixfj o-'ivecrB-qv. Use 
 
 rplrov (one of three) t6S' iv ©eff/ilois not animals for sacrifice (of. supra ad 
 
 Mnas yeypaTTTai ii.iyuTTOTiiiov.'] 971). The duty of filial obedience had 
 
 refers to Xenocrates the philosopher, who been strongly insisted upon by the Just 
 
 says (apud Porphyrium) that there were Logic, supra, 981^986, as it is also by 
 
 in his time three laws of Triptolemus still Aristotle, Ethics, viii. 14. 
 
122 NE^EAAI. 
 
 (TKe'^M he TOV<i oKeKTpvovat; koI raWa to, ^ora tuvtI, 
 
 CO? Tou? Trarepa? afivvercu' kcHtol ti Siacpepovaiv 1410 
 
 ■^fiaiv eKeivob, irXrjv on yyr](jiiafiaT ov ypa^ovcnv ; 
 ST. Ti SrJT, eTreiSr) tov<; aXe/crpv6va<; airavra /Mfiei, 
 
 ovK iadiei'i teal Trjv Ko-rrpov kccttI ^vXov Kadevhei'i ; 
 ^E. ov TavTov, 3} rav, icrriv, ovS" av Sco/cpdrei, SoKout], 
 ST. TTpo? Tavra /mtj tvttt' el Be firj, cravTov ttot alndaei. 1415 
 
 ^E. Kol TTw? ; ST. eirel ae fiev Kl.Kaio'i el/M iyo) KoXd^eiv, 
 
 crii S', r]V yevriTal aoi, top vlov. $JS. rjv Se /Jir] 'yevrjTai,, 
 
 fiarriv ifiol KeicKavaeTai, crii 8' iy^^avwv TeOvrj^eif. 
 ST. ejJLol fiev, wi/Spe? Tp^-iKef, BoKel Xeyeiv BUaiw 
 
 Kafiovye avj)(a>peiv SoKel TovToiai raTrieiKr]. 1420 
 
 Kkaeiv yap rjfia^ eiKO'; ear, fjV fir) Bixata Bp(0/J,ev. 
 ^E. (TKey^ab Be y^drepav eri yvcofiTjv. ST. airo yap oXovfiai. 
 
 ^E. Kol fjLTjv Icrwi y oiiK d'xOeaei iradoov a vvv TreTrovda^. 
 ST. TTcii? Srj ; BiBa^ov yap tL fi e'« tovtcov eVox^eXTjo-ei?. 
 ^E. rfjv firjrep wcnrep kuI ere TUTTTJja-ft). ST. tl <fi^<; ; rt ^j?? av ; 1425 
 
 Tov6' erepov av fiel^ov kukov. ^E. tl E , ffv e)(a>v tw ^ttw 
 
 Xoyov ere viKrjaay Xkyaiv rrjv fiTjTep' w? TUTrreiv j(p€a>v ; 
 ST. ri 8' aXKo y ; fjv ravrl 7ro(.j?5, 
 
 ovBev ae KcoXvcrei, aeav- 
 
 Tov ejJL^dXelv e? to ^dpaOpov 1430 
 
 fierd Soj/cpaTon? 
 
 Kal Tov Xoyov tov jjttw. 
 
 ravrl 8t' v/ia?, & IVee^eXat, •jreirovS' eydo, 
 
 1422. ano yap oXoOfiai. It is not quite posal of the young man to beat his mo- 
 certain whether this means " I shall die ther, notwithstanding his own complaints 
 if I do :" or " I shall die if I don't :" or against her at the commencement of 
 " I will die first." The last is the mean- the play, and his recent concession that 
 ing most adopted : I have followed the sons have a right to beat their fathers, 
 files'- proves, as baa been observed, the deep 
 
 1425. Ti <^.5s.] The horror with which insight into nature possessed by Aristo- 
 
 Strepsiades receives this unnatural pro- phanes. 
 
THE CLOUDS. 123 
 
 — Look at the game-cocks, look at all the animal creation, 
 Do not they beat their parents ? Aye : I say then, that in fact 
 They are as we, except that they no special laws enact. 
 Steeps. "Why don't you then, if always where the game-cock leads you follow, 
 
 Ascend your perch to roost at night, and dirt and ordure swallow ? 
 Pheid. The case is different there, old man, as Socrates would see. 
 Streps. Well then you'll blame yourself at last, if you keep striking me. 
 Pheid. How so ? Streps. Why, if it's right for me to punish you my son. 
 You can, if you have got one, yours. Pheid. Aye but suppose I've none. 
 Then having gulled me you will die, while I've been flogged in vain. 
 Streps. Good friends ! I really think he has some reason to complain. 
 I must concede he's put the case in quite a novel light : 
 I really think we should be flogged unless we act aright ! 
 Pheid. Look to a fresh idea then. Streps. He'll be my death I vow. 
 Pheid. Yet then perhaps you will not grudge ev'n what you suffer now. 
 Streps. How ! will you make me like the blows which Pve received to-day ? 
 Pheid. Yes, for I'll beat my mother too. Streps. What ! What is that you say ! 
 Why this is worse than aU. Pheid. But what, if as I proved the other 
 By the same Logic I can prove 'tis right to beat my mother ? 
 Streps. Aye ! what indeed! if this you plead. 
 
 If this you think to win. 
 Why then, for all I care, you may 
 To the Accursed Gulf convey 
 Yourself with all your learning new. 
 Your master, and your Logic too. 
 And tumble headlong in. 
 Clouds ! Clouds ! I owe all this to you ! 
 
 1430. jSapa^pof. J This gulf is men- was situated behind the Acropolis. Fischer, 
 tioned again in the Knights, Frogs, and in his note to Plutus, 431, remarks that 
 Plutus : it was the place where the Athe- the public executioner was hence called 
 nians cast condemned criminals, as the 6 tVi tm opiynari. 
 Lacedsemonians did in their Cseadas. It 
 
 r2 
 
124 
 
 NE^EAAI. 
 
 v/uv avadeh a-rravTa Tafia •rrpd'yiiaTa. 
 
 XO. avTOi fiev ovv cravTm ai) rovrcov aXrio^, 
 crTo€'>//'a? (reavrov e? irovrjpa irpar^iia/ra. 
 
 ST. tI BrjTa TavT ov fiol tot' rjjopevere, 
 
 aXK' dvBp' dypoiKov Kal jepovT eir^pere ; 
 
 XO. ij/xet? TTOMVfiev ravd' eKaarod ovriv av 
 ryvM/Mev 'TTOvripoiV ovt' epacTTrjv -TTpa/y/MaTav, 
 eco<; av avTov ifi^aXMfiev et? Kaicov, 
 OTTW? av elBfj TOV<; 0eov<; BeBoiKevac. 
 
 ST. Oifjiou, ■wovj)pd 7', S) Ne(f>e\ai,, hiKaia he. 
 ov 'yap fi exp'ji' TO, j^^prifiaS" dSaveiad/J,T]v 
 aTrocrrepelv. vvv ovv oVo)?, u> (fnXrare, 
 Tov Xai,pecf)a)VTa tov fiiapov Kao ^wKparr] 
 aTToXei?, fi€T €/j,ov 7' eXff", 01 ere Ka/M e^vaTOiv 
 
 0E. dXX ovK av dSiK^a-at/Mi, Toii^ BiBaaKaXov?. 
 
 ST. val val, KaraiBecrdrjTi -Trarpaov Ala. 
 
 $JE. IBov 76 Aia TTarpaiov w? dp'^cuo'; ei. 
 Zevq ydp Ti's eariv; ST. eariv. 
 Alvo'i ^aaiXevei, rov AC e^eXijXa/coi?. 
 
 ST. OVK e^eX-qXaK dW' eyw tovt' mo/JLrjv, 
 Blo, TouTOvl TOV Alvov. oXfioi BeiXaio^, 
 OTe Kal c7e ■)(yTpeovv oVTa Oeov ■^yrjaa/J.riv. 
 
 ^E. ivTavOa cyavTw 7rapa<f)p6vei Kal (j)\T)va(pa. 
 
 ST. o'ifioi, 'TTapavola^' w? ifiaLvo/xrjv dpa, 
 ot' e^e^aWov tov<; 6eov<i Bed SwicpaTr). 
 
 1435 
 
 1440 
 
 1445 
 
 1450 
 
 9 hi. OVK e<TTiv 7 eTret 
 
 1455 
 
 1450. In this line Phidippides retorts 
 upon his father his own expression, supra 
 809 : as, infra 1484, Strepsiades pays the 
 same compliment to Socrates, by turning 
 upon him the words he had used supra 
 225. 
 
 1455. x*"'Pf°'''''J Est juxta veteres 
 
 magistros Kepafieovv /Sadii noTripLov, o Ka- 
 Xfirai fill/or, oTrep ava cipvTtpov hv, koto) 
 (Is o^ii Xijyft. In vestibulo aedium sole- 
 bant Athenienses columnam statuere in 
 honorem ApoUinis, quam 'Ayvia vocabant. 
 Probabile est, Comicum, ut Socratem per- 
 stringeret, ostenderetque receptas religi- 
 
THE CLOUDS. 125 
 
 Why did I let you manage my affairs ! 
 Chorus. Nay, nay, old man, you owe it to yourself. 
 
 Why didst thou turn to wicked practices ? 
 Streps. Ah, but ye should have asked me that before. 
 
 And not have spurred a poor old fool to evil. 
 Chorus. Such is our plan. We find a man 
 On evil thoughts intent. 
 
 Guide him along to shame and wrong. 
 Then leave him to repent. 
 Streps. Hard words, alas ! yet not more hard than just. 
 
 It was not right unfairly to keep back 
 
 The money that I borrowed. Come, my darling. 
 
 Come and destroy that filthy Chserephon 
 
 And Socrates ; for they've deceived us both ! 
 Pheid. No. I wiU lift no hand against my Tutors. 
 Streps. Yes do, come, reverence Paternal Zeus. 
 Pheid. Look there ! Paternal Zeus ! what an old fool. 
 
 Is there a Zeus ? Streps. There is. Pheid. There is no Zeus. 
 
 Young Vortex reigns, and he has turned out Zeus. 
 Streps. No Vortex reigns : no vortices ! no eddies ! 
 
 'Twas I was such a-n-eddy. Pool that I was, 
 
 To think a piece of earthenware a God. 
 Pheid. Well rave away, talk nonsense to yourself. 
 Streps. ! fool, fool, fool, how mad I must have been 
 
 To cast away the Gods, for Socrates. 
 
 ones ab eo contenmi, scholam illius in ley and Kiister's highly ingenious, but 
 
 scena exhibuisse, cujus in Testibulo non perhaps unnecessary emendation iya tot 
 
 'Ayvievs erat, sed fictile vas aliquod mag- aofirjv Aia tovtovI tov Sivov). So the 
 
 num, ad formam supra descripti poculi Scholiast and Bergler: and although I 
 
 effictum : idque ostendens rusticus ait cannot think this interpretation satisfac- 
 
 " sed ego turn arbitrabar Jovem esse tur- tory, I do not know that there is anything 
 
 binem hunc." Brunck (accepting Bent- better to be ofiered. 
 
126 NE^EAAI. 
 
 aXX, w ^iV 'Ep/J-ri, iJ.7]BaiJ,m Biifiaivi fiat, 
 
 /jLrjSi (jH eirnpi'frj';, ak\a avjyv(o/j,r]v e^e 1^"" 
 
 i/Mov irapavor)<7avTO<; aZo\e(T')(M. 
 
 Kai fJLOi yevov ^u/i^ouXo?, eir avTov<; ypa^rjv 
 
 hiwKdda ypa-^dfjievo'i, dff o n croi SoKei. 
 
 op65)'i irapaivei<i ovk iSiv BiKoppa<pe2v, 
 
 aXX o)? TaT^tcTT e/jLTriirpdvat r-qv oIkmv iibo 
 
 T&v oBoXea'xtJv. Sevpo Sevp', a "BiavOut, 
 
 KkljiaKa Xa^wv e^eXOe koI afj^ivvr^v <f)ipcop, 
 
 Ka-rreir eiravaPa<s i-jrl to <j)povTiaTijpLOV 
 
 TO Teiyo? KaToxncai^T , el ^iXet? tov BeaTTOTTjv, 
 
 etos av avToii i/j.^dXrj'i ttjv oiKiav 1470 
 
 ifiol Be SaF iver/KaTco Tt? '^fifievyv, 
 
 Kar/Q) Tiv ainS)v Tijfiepov 8ovvai ZiKtjv 
 
 ifiol TTOiiqaa), Kel a(f>6Bp e'la aXafoz/es. 
 MAQ.A. toil iov. 
 
 ST. (TOV epyov, w Bw;, leuai TroXKrjv tftKoya. 1475 
 
 MA&. A. avdpwire, t'i Troiel<s ; ST. 6 tl iroiS) ; tl B' aXKo y r] 
 
 BiaXeiTToTMyov/iai Tat? BoKoit ti}? OMia'i. 
 MAG. B. ot/jLOi, Ti's rjfiMV iTvpiroXel ttjv oliclav ; 
 ST. exetro? ovirep ffolfiaTiov el\rj(^aTe. 
 
 MAQ. T. ttTToXet? aTToXet?. ST. tovt avTo yap koX ^ovXo/juii, 1480 
 ^v T] cr/jbivvT] jiot, jJiTj TTjOoSo) Ta9 eKTriBa<;, 
 fj 'ydo TTpoTepov ttoj? mTpayr-jKiadoi ireawv. 
 S^- ovTOS, Tt TTOtet? eTebv, ovm tov Teyovi ; 
 ST. depo^aTO), koL irepi^povo) toi' rfkiov. 
 
 1459. ''E.piirj.'] A statue of Hermes War, and, with it, the destiny of the 
 called ^Tpo(j)atos was placed at the door world. Mr. Grote (^History of Greece, 
 of houses fVi aTTOTpoirfi tS>v aX\a>v KKeirrav, part ii. chap. 58. ad init.) describes their 
 says the Scholiast at Plutus 1153. These appearance thus : " These Hermae, or half- 
 were the famous Herm«, whose mutilation, statues of the God Hermes, were blocks of 
 not ten years after, may be said to have marble about the height of the human 
 changed the results of the Peloponnesian figure. The upper part was cut into a 
 
THE CLOUDS. 127 
 
 Yet Hermes, gracious Hermes, be not angry 
 Nor crush me utterly, but look with mercy 
 On faults to which his idle talk hath led me. 
 And lend thy counsel ; tell me, had I better 
 Plague them with lawsuits, or how else annoy them. 
 
 {Affects to listen.) 
 
 Good : your advice is good : I'll have no lawsuits, 
 
 ril go at once and set their house on fire, 
 
 The prating rascals. Here, here, Xanthias, 
 
 Quick, quick here, bring your ladder and your pitchfork, 
 
 Chmb to the roof of their vile thinking-house. 
 
 Dig at their tiles, dig stoutly, an' thou lovest me. 
 
 Tumble the very house about their ears. 
 
 And some one fetch me here a lighted torch. 
 
 And I'll soon see if, boasters as they are. 
 
 They won't repent of what they've done to me. 
 Student 1. dear! O dear! 
 Streps. Now, now, my torch, send out a lusty flame. 
 Stud. 1 . Man ! what are you at there ? Streps. What am I at ? I'll tell you. 
 
 I'm sphtting straws with your house-rafters here. 
 Stud. 3. Oh me ! who's been and set our house on fire ? 
 Streps. Who was it, think you, that you stole the cloke from ? 
 Stud. 3. Murder ! Murder ! Streps. That's the very thing, 
 
 Unless this pick prove traitor to my hopes. 
 
 Or I fall down, and break my blessed neck. 
 SocR. Hollo ! what are" you at, up on our roof? 
 Streps. I walk on air, and contemplate the Sun. 
 
 head, face, neck, and bust : the lower 1466. tS>v aboKea-x<i>v-'\ Eupolis (quo- 
 part was left as a quadrangular pillar, ted by Mr. Mitchell, ad loc.) anxiously- 
 broad at the base, without arms, body, or adds his name to the assailants of Socrates 
 legs." on this ground. 
 
 %s r&Wa fjLey weippSyTiKcy, 
 
128 NE^EAAI. 
 
 SI2, oifiot, TaXa<;, SetXato? aTTOTrvtyija^ofiai. 1485 
 
 XA. iyw Be KaKoBaifjLwu ye KaTaKavOrja-ofMat,. 
 ST. Tt yap fiaOovr i<s Toi/y Beoi/^ v^piXeT-qv, 
 
 KM T^s 2e\rivr)<i iaKOireladov ttjv eSpap ; 
 
 Sio)Ke, /SaWe, iraie, •jrdXX&u oiipeica, 
 
 IMkiara B' etSws tous Qeoii'i oi<; tjBlkovv. 1490 
 
 XO. riyelaO' e^w Ke'XppevTai yap (lerplo)'; to ye Trip,epovrjfuv. 
 
 1485. aiTOTTviyria-ofiai.^ Mr. Grote Aristophanes took this idea from the ac- 
 (History of Greece, part ii. chap. 37, ad tual circumstances attending the suhver- 
 fin.) is probably right in suggesting that sion of the Pji^hagorean order in Croton, 
 
THE CLOUDS. 129 
 
 SocR. ! I shall suffocate. dear ! O dear ! 
 Ch^rephon. And I, poor devil, shall be burnt to death. 
 Streps. Per with what aim did ye insult the Gods, 
 
 And pry around the dwellings of the Moon ? 
 
 Strike, smite them, spare them not, for many reasons, 
 
 But most because they have blasphemed the Gods ! 
 Chorus. Lead out of the way : for I tliink we may say 
 
 We have acted our part pretty middling to-day. 
 
 when their school was set on fire, and very according to one tradition, was the airds, 
 many perished in the flames, among whom, the great Master himself. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 Page 1, note. 
 
 For " the dXenTporjxavla, or third watch of the night, having passed," it would 
 have been more correct to have said " the aXcKropocpavia, or signal of the presence 
 of the fourth watch of the night, having passed." See Grotius and Bochart 
 (apud Pole's Synopsis Criticorum) on St. Matthew xxvi. 34. In the second 
 Une of the text if we do not, with Emesti and Reisig, put a colon after Sa-ov, it 
 is much better to suppose Sa-ov to be used for as, than to adopt Hermann's ex- 
 planation ToVov, ocrov cmipaVTOv. 
 
 Page 7, line 48, translation. 
 For " Ceesyra'' here and in the note, read " Coesyra." 
 
 Page 8, line 65, note. 
 
 This note proceeds on the supposition that tov nairnov means " the grandfather 
 of PMdippides" Phidon and Phidonides being considered different forms of one 
 and the same name. See Dindorf at v. 134. Yet tov Traimov may with equal 
 probability signify " the grandfather of Strepsiades," in which case Phidon 
 would be the son of Phidonides, as in Thucydides i. 61, CaUias is the son of 
 Calliades. For " Persia" towards the close of the note should be read more 
 strictly " Media." 
 
 Page 20, line 209. 
 
 as.] Elmsley's interpretation of this word (given by Mitchell) is not altogether 
 satisfactory, nor are the instances there quoted in aU respects similar. A closer 
 parallel would have been Sophocles, Ajax 39, where again I cannot agree with 
 Wiinder's interpretation. In both passages i>s seems to signify "be assured 
 
ADDENDA. IQl 
 
 that," " believe that," to-6t or some such word being perhaps understood. In 
 Achamians 335 it signifies "being assured that," "in the belief that." 
 
 Pa^e 30, line 322. 
 
 Hermann gives a remarkably ingenious theory on the composition of this line. 
 He thinks it has arisen from a collection of glosses on the two preceding lines. 
 
 Ad (jjepe ascripserat aliquis, as oi Ka6opa>v. scil. (liT)a\ ravra. Ad avTai TTkayiai, 
 
 trapa rfju no-oSov. Ad ti to XPW") — V^l vvv as p-okn bpa>v vel adpav. Such an 
 
 interpolation might easily be conceived. For instance, the scholium on 1131 
 might well be foisted into the text, 
 
 rovTovi nparov Xa/3e 
 Tov BiXaKov ocrris eiTTl /xecrros a.\<ptTau. 
 
 Page 49, line 531, note. 
 
 See also the prologues to " the Fox," and the " Every Man in his Humour," 
 of Ben Jonson, where he says he scorns to employ the usual claptrap jests, but 
 adopts " deeds and Language [eV))] mch as Men do use, and persons such as 
 Comedy wotild choose, Sfo," and compare this with the analogy between the Pro- 
 logue of the English, and the Parabasis of the Greek drama, mentioned in the 
 note on v. 500. 
 
 , Page 102, line 1161. 
 
 KaKovpyovvT ol&' on.] There is certainly a difficulty about these words, which 
 ■ has not been sufficiently cleared up. Bentley proposes to substitute for ot8' on 
 the words ev noieiv or ^ivoelv, but this is manifestly too great a departiu-e from 
 the reading of the MSS. Another emendation which I think I have somewhere 
 seen, aS naBeiv, is liable to the same objection. Whether any alteration is 
 necessary, and whether, if so, KOKovpye'iv oihiva is admissible, I leave to the 
 judgment of others. 
 
 OXFORD : 
 PBINTED BT I. SHRIMPTON.