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 3 1924 030 910 024 
 
JAMES M. BROWN. 
 
 -Col 100 th N.Y.SVols. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT 
 
 NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS: 
 
 BEma 
 
 A RECORD OF ITS SERVICES PROM ITS MUSTER IN TO ITS MUSTER 
 OUT; ITS MUSTER IN ROLL, ROLL OF COMMISSIONS, RE- 
 CRUITS FURNISHED THROUGH THE BOARD OF TRADE OF 
 THE CITY OF BUFFALO, AND SHORT SKETCHES OF 
 DECEASED AND SURVIVING OFFICERS. 
 
 By GEO. H. STOWITS, 
 
 Late Major One Hundredth New York State Volunteers. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 PRINTING HOUSE OF MATTHEWS & WARREN, 
 
 Office of the "Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. " 
 
 1870. 
 A. 
 
A.SS^W 
 
 Entered according to Act of CongfesB, In the year 18TO, 
 
 By GEORGE H. STOWITS, 
 
 In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
WILLIAM WILKESOST, Esq., 
 
 FRIEND OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT IN ITS TIME OF 
 
 NEED, IS THIS VOLUME RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, FOR 
 
 SERVICES RENDERED THE REGIMENT IN ITS 
 
 ORGANIZATION, 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Months and years have elapsed since we separated as 
 members of the " Grand Army," engaged in that sublime 
 and holy work of preserving the unity of the best and 
 freest government in this or any other age. Whatever 
 of personal feeling, either toward our superior officers or 
 comrades in arms, once held sway in our hearts, now has 
 gone, stifled by the judgment of deliberate thought and 
 cooler emotions. At this date, remote from the stirring 
 and exciting events of camp, field, bivouac and trench, it 
 is with effort that we force the facts clearly to mind, that 
 we were actors in that bloody drama so recently closed, 
 and that the One Hundredth Regiment, with conscious 
 pride it can be said, performed its share of active, effec- 
 tive and honorable service as a constituent element of the 
 conquering loyal army of the republic. 
 
 At no time, when in service, nor since, had we thought 
 of writing a history of the One Hundredth Regiment. 
 It was long before we could consent to undertake the 
 work. We knew that no reliable records existed, and 
 
vi Preface. 
 
 those carefully kept by Surg. Kitteuger, together with 
 regimental and company baggage, were sunk with trans- 
 port at Fortress Monroe, during our last campaign before 
 Richmond, and in pursuit of Gen. Lee. 
 
 From private diaries, newspapers and personal experi- 
 ences, we have been enabled to trace the career of the 
 regiment through its eventful term of service. We do 
 not claim positive accuracy. Names and dates of the 
 dead, wounded and missing, their sufferings and personal 
 incidents, are not detailed, for want of reliable authority. 
 .A complete history of the regiment cannot be written. 
 Its fractional elements, and their diverse characteristics 
 make it impossible. The original men, its additions 
 through the Board of Trade, conscripts, substitutes, and 
 finally its consolidation with the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 eighth and One Hundred and Forty-eighth New York 
 State Volunteers, found the One Hundredth Regiment, at 
 its muster out, not the regiment that left Buffalo, March 
 7th, 1862, for the seat of war. 
 
 The general reader will find a connected detail of 
 most of the events connected with the history of Sumter, 
 from its first bombardment, in 1861, to its re-possession 
 by the government in 1865 ; also a biographical sketch 
 of every officer killed and dying of wounds, and of those 
 who have died since the war, that belonged to the One 
 Hundredth Regiment ; and a short notice of the Board 
 of Trade, and a sketch of its President, during thertime 
 the One Hundredth was under its fostering care. 
 
 To the Committee in charge of the work, Maj. Daniel 
 
Preface. vii 
 
 D. Nash, Lieut. Col. Charles E. Walbridge, Capt. Oscar 
 F. Richards, and Lieut. Alfred Lythe, our thanks are 
 due for sympathy and encouragement; to Gen. G. A. 
 Scroggs, for facts relative to the organization of the regi- 
 ment ; to Bvt. Brig. Gen. 0. N. Otis, for diaries during his 
 service as major and lieutenant colonel; to G. S. Hazard, 
 for statistics of recruits furnished as president of the Board 
 of Trade ; to Mrs. Phineas Staunton, wife of the late 
 Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment, for her husband's 
 diary, and other valuable papers ; to Mr. and. Mrs. War- 
 ren Granger, for a collection of newspaper notices and 
 communications, orderly arranged in a scrap book; to 
 Billa M. Judson, regimental clerk, who, in his thought- 
 fulness, had preserved many valuable papers and orders, 
 which have been of invaluable service ; to Lieut. Col. L. 
 S. Payne, for facts of individual services as the scout of the 
 regiment ; to W. W. H. Davis, Colonel of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, for his cheerful 
 assent for the use of facts, dates and description of local- 
 ities from a history of the One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania "Volunteers, written by the Colonel, who 
 commanded the Brigade, at times, to which the One 
 Hundredth and One Hundred and Fourth were attached, 
 affording him superior facilities for information denied a 
 subordinate officer. The Colonel will please accept the 
 gratitude of the author, and the same is tendered to all 
 here mentioned, as well as others for valuable aid ren- 
 dered in the prosecution of this work. 
 
 We are conscious of our inability to do full justice to 
 
viii Preface. 
 
 the heroism, sufferings and incessant duty of the mem- 
 bers of the One Hundredth Regiment. Its slain heroes, 
 the records of its battle fields, and its constant place at 
 the front, all are parts of its history, and well may the 
 city of Buffalo accord its meed of praise to its officers 
 and men for services faithfully and heroically performed. 
 With these words we give our labors to the public, 
 hoping that the story of the regiment, simply told, will 
 add some little to the histories of regiments that saved a 
 Nation and honored a grateful people. 
 
 Geo. H. Stowits. 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Col. James M. Brown. 
 Lieut. Col. Phineab Staunton. 
 Bkevet Bbio. Gen. Calvin N. Otis. 
 Brig. Gen. Gustavub A. Scroggs. 
 Lieut. Col. Lewis 8. Payne. 
 George 8. Hazard. 
 Maj. Daniel D. Nash. 
 Lieut. Col. Charles E. Walbridge. 
 Lieut, and Brevet Col. Warren Granger, Jr. 
 Maj. George H. Stowits. 
 Lieut, and Brevet Cast. John Wilkeson, Jr. 
 Lieut. Samuel S. Kellogg. 
 Lieut, and Brevet Capt. George G. Barnum. 
 Caft. Oscar F. Richards. 
 Lieut. Alfred Ltthe. 
 Lieut. Rodney B. Smith, Jr. 
 
 Camp One Hundredth Regiment, Gloucester Point, Va. 
 Camp One Hundredth Regiment, Morris Island, S. C. 
 1* 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Order of the War Department to Gen. G. A. Scroggs. — Num- 
 ber of men recruited for the " Eagle Brigade." — Statement 
 of Adjt. Gen. Stonehouse. — Nomination of Gen Scroggs for 
 Brigadier General. — Origin of the One Hundredth Regi- 
 ment, 25 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Orders for Recruiting.-— Capt. D. D. Nash raised first com- 
 pany. — Gloomy prospects for recruiting. — Liabilities of 
 Gen. Scroggs. — Aid of William Wilkeson, Esq. — Scroggs 
 relieved. — Camp Morgan established. — Necessary buildings 
 provided. — Regiment raised and named the One Hundredth. 
 — Donations and Camp Incidents. — Orders to leave ex- 
 pected, 29 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Marching Orders. — Broke Camp. — Left for Albany. — Arrival 
 and departure for New York. — Passed through Philadelphia 
 and Baltimore, and arrival at Washington. — In Camp at 
 Meridian Hill. — Ordered to Fortress Monroe by the way of 
 Alexandria. — Arrival at Newport News, 35 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Arrival at Newport News. — Encamped. — Changed Camp. — 
 Rain and discomfort. — Arrival of Gen. McClellan. — Army 
 moves forward. — Reaches Warwick Court House. — Siege of 
 Yorktown commences. — Works too strong to be assaulted. 
 — Gen. Naglee in command of Brigade. — He makes an 
 
xii Contents. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Armed Reeonnoissanee. — Troops behaved well. — Naglee 
 led the charge in person, 41 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Batteries nearly completed. — Enemy evacuate Yorktown. — 
 Retreat toward Williamsburg.— Gen. McClellan pursues — 
 Battle of Williamsburg.— The Troops march through the 
 town. — Pursuit continues. — Reached New Kent Court 
 House.— Rain, Mud and Short Rations are the sufferings of 
 the Army. — Arrive near the York River Railroad, eighteen 
 miles from Richmond '. 48 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Marched near to Bottom's Bridge, twelve miles from Richmond. 
 — Crossed the Chickahominy. — Col. Brown sick. — Weather 
 very warm and showery. — Skirmish at Savage's Station. — 
 Pickets within five miles of Richmond. — Casey's Division 
 encamped at Seven Pines. — Pickets attacked by Rebels. 
 — They were driven back. — Severe storm. — The approaching 
 battle of the 31st of May, 55 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Soldier's first battle. — Its effect upon him. — Its results. — 
 The position of Casey's Division. — The signal of the Enemy 
 to open the Fight. — The Charge of Naglee's Brigade. — The 
 One Hundredth on the left of Richmond road. — Its Charge 
 through the Slashing. — The loss of Col. Brown, Lieuts. 
 Wilkeson and Kellogg. — The backward movement. — 
 Encamped one and a half miles in the rear of former 
 camp, 61 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The conduct of Gen. Casey's Division, as given by Col. Davis 
 of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania. — Its repu- 
 tation sustained. — Its losses prove its bravery. — The long 
 hours it held the enemy in check shows its stubborn cour- 
 age. — Its defeat by overwhelming numbers. — The conduct 
 
Contents. xiii 
 
 FAQS. 
 
 of Gens. Casey and Naglee. — Their bravery and enthusiasm. 
 —The Battle Field.— The Burial of the Dead and care of 
 the Wounded, 67 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Rebels attack the " Excelsior Brigade." — Gen. McClellan 
 visits the Troops. — Brigade Inspection. — Weather rainy 
 and cold. — A rear movement commenced. — Raid of the 
 Rebels. — Battle of Oak Grove. — Battle of Mechanicsville. — 
 Battle of Gaines' Farm. — McClellan changes base to 
 James River. — Gen. Naglee in command of Rear-guard. — 
 The retreat commenced. — Bridge destroyed. — The Rebels 
 in pursuit, 73 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Sick and Wounded left at Savage's Station by order of Gen. 
 McClellan. — The Army had changed front and was still 
 moving to James River. — Surgeon Kittenger left with the 
 wounded and taken prisoner. — Gen. Naglee still holds 
 position in command of the Rear-guard. — Rebels in pur- 
 suit. — They attempt- to Storm the National Batteries on 
 Malvern Hills. — They are repulsed with terrible loss, 80 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Gen. McClellan visits the Troops. — Naglee's Brigade received 
 him in silence. — Men engaged upon works of defence. — 
 President Lincoln announced to visit Troops. — Failed 
 to come. — Sent regrets. — Communication from Common 
 Council of Buffalo. — Drilling and fatigue duty. — Rebels 
 appeared on opposite side of river. — Soon driven away. 
 — Gen. Hooker sent to Malvern Hills. — Army ordered to 
 move. — Movement began. — Board of Trade of Buffalo 
 adopts the Regiment, 86 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The return march still continues. — Knapsacks on Canal Boat 
 sunk. — Fished out, but spoiled. — Moved through Williams- 
 burg. — Halted and mustered the Army.— Arrival at York- 
 
xiv Contents. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 town.— Ordered to Gloucester Point.— Capt. Morse with 
 Recruits from Buffalo— One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- • 
 vannia within the Fort.— One Hundredth New York en- 
 camped without the Fort. — Col. Staunton in charge of 
 Working Parties. — Col. Davis on a Reconnoissance 93 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The results of the Peninsula Campaign.— Call for Three 
 Hundred Thousand Men for the War.— Three Hundred 
 Thousand for Nine Months. — A Draft of an equal number. 
 —Board of Trade of Buffalo send Recruits.— Col. G. B. 
 Dandy appointed Colonel. — Lieut Col. Staunton sends in 
 his Resignation. — War Meetings in Buffalo. — Action of Pub- 
 lic School Teachers. — Order of Supt. Sackett to prepare 
 lint. — A Whiskey Mutiny in Camp. — It was quelled, and 
 the " Little Disturber " issued, 99 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The men stole a Barrel of Whiskey. — Rumor of a Raid on 
 Williamsburg. — Regiment under arms. — Col. Dandy ar- 
 rived and assumed command. — Lieut. Col. Staunton Re- 
 signed and left for the North.— Recruits arriving. — Lieuts. 
 Greiner and Guthrie discharged. — Drills and Reviews. — 
 Change of Camp. — The Sibley Tent. — Chaplain Linn ar- 
 rived with Flag from Board of Trade. — Raid to Gloucester 
 Court House under command of Gen. Naglee 105 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Rumors of leaving Gloucester Point. — The necessary pro- 
 motions made. — The Camp at Gloucester Point. — Arrival 
 and visit of Warren Granger, Esq., from Buffalo. — Arrival 
 of One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania. — False 
 alarms. — Brigade has Marching Orders. — Shipped with 
 Sealed Orders. — Arrived at Fortress Monroe. — Left and An- 
 chored at Beaufort, North Carolina. — Encamped at Carolina 
 City. — Col. Davis in command of Brigade. — Gen. Naglee in 
 command of Division. — Drill and preparation for a move 
 somewhere, 112 
 
Contents. xv 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Col. Dandy resumed command. — Drills continued. — Troops 
 ordered to embark. — Transports in waiting. — Tents struck 
 January 19th, 1863. — Embarked.— Lay at anchor till Jan- 
 uary 29th. — Sailed southward' — Orders opened off Wil- 
 mington. — Destination Port Royal, South Carolina. — An- 
 chored at Port Royal, between Forts Seward and Wells. — 
 Troops kept on board Transports for some days. — Went 
 ashore for air and exercise. — Fatigue Party sent ashore to 
 dig wells and prepare for pitching camp, 119 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Gen. Naglee's Letter and General Order to the Board of Trade 
 of the City of Buffalo. — The Names the General recom- 
 mended to be placed upon their Flags. — His rehearsal of 
 their Services. — His final cheering words for their future 
 welfare. — The Regiment ashore at St. Helena, S. C. — Pitch- 
 ing camp, digging wells and washing. — Some difficulty 
 with the Negroes. — Cabins burned. — The work of a few 
 restless spirits, 125 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Camp on St. Helena removed one and a half miles. — Camp 
 pitched, cleared and regularly laid out. — The Island of 
 St. Helena. — Absence of Stones. — Locality of Camp. — Ar- 
 rival of Mail. — Its influences upon the Men. — Drills, inspec- 
 tions and reviews.— Gen. Naglee reviews two Brigades. — 
 Good rations, beef and bread. — Difficulty between Gens. 
 Foster, Naglee and Hunter.— Strife settled by Adjt. Gen. 
 Thomas. — Gen. Naglee ordered North to report to the 
 War Office.— His farewells, 130 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Gen. Naglee's farewell order.— St. Helena Island, its beauty, 
 fertility, and position.— Grand Review by Gen. Hunter. — 
 Company, battalion and brigade drills. — Rigid inspections. 
 — Exercise in landing from Transports. — Ignorance of the 
 common soldier of coming events. — Col. Dandy's Special 
 
xvi Contents. 
 
 TAGS. 
 
 Order to the One Hundredth Regiment N. Y. V.— March- 
 ing Orders.— The process of arrests, and their disposition. 
 — The washing days of a Regiment, 136 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 Regiment struck tents on St. Helena, and marched to Trans- 
 port Expounder. — Embarked. — Disembarked at Hilton 
 Head.— Changed Guns.— Embarked.— Sailed for Stono In- 
 let. — Aground on a bar. — Crossed safely. — Encamped on 
 Cole's Island. — Unsupported for several days. — Troops ar- 
 rived. — Landed on Folly Island. — Skirmished and scouted 
 the entire Island. — The difficulties, sufferings and delays of 
 the campaign, 142 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 The Siege of Charleston. — Fort Sumter. — Its first reduction. 
 Its reinforcement. — The leaving of the women and chil- 
 dren. — The activity of the National Government. — The base 
 of operations at Port Royal. — Former reduction of all the 
 Forts and Towns along the coast — Desertion of Beaufort 
 — Expeditions to Stono River and James Island. — Rebel 
 Fortifications. — Fort Sumter to be reduced, 148 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 Preparations for the attack upon Charleston by both Army 
 and Navy. — The defences of the City of Charleston. — The 
 Obstructions in the Channel. — The position of Troops at 
 the north end of Folly Island. — April 7th, the Navy move 
 up to attack Sumter. — Bombardment continues one hour and 
 forty minutes. — Keokuk lost, Fleet withdrawn.— Number of 
 Guns and their character. — The small loss of the Ironclads, 154 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 The Night after the Bombardment— The One Hundredth 
 Regiment relieved.— A Battery planted.— Sixty Rebels sweep 
 around the head of the Island. — Battery withdrawn. — One 
 Hundredth ordered to Cole's Island.— Landed on Cole's Is- 
 
Contents. ■ xvii 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 land. — Ordered to Folly Island. — Went into Camp. — A view 
 of the situation. — Position of Troops. — A description of 
 Beaufort, the Newport of the South 162 
 
 CHAPTEE XXIV. 
 
 Regiment pitched Camp on Folly Island. — Paymaster arrived. 
 — Paid troops for six months. — Chaplain Linn went North. 
 — Camp moved. — Roads were constructed. — Co. " H " de- 
 tached to Pawnee Landing. — Promotions made. — Picket, 
 fatigue, drills and inspections continued. — Weather very 
 warm. — Co. " C " detached to south end of the Island. — Gen. 
 Gilmore succeeds Gen. Hunter. — Active operations ex- 
 pected 168 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 Batteries to be constructed on the north end of Folly Island. 
 — The condition of the Island when first visited. — The good 
 health of the One Hundredth Regiment — A visit to Beau- 
 fort. — The Raid of Col. Montgomery with Negro Troops. — 
 The great changes in public sentiment since the opening 
 of the war. — Weather warm.— The Resignation of Lieut. 
 Col. Otis. — His honorable discharge. — Companies detailed 
 alternately at the head of the Island. — Rebels shell the 
 Island, 174 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 Prosecution of the works at the north end of the Island. — 
 Resignations. — Completion of Batteries, 3d July. — All 
 Troops available sent to Folly Island.— Time fixed for 
 opening the 10th July.— Capt. Payne, the Scout— Gen. 
 Strong in command of the Assaulting Troops. — Gen. Sey- 
 mour in command of Batteries. — Batteries opened. — Rebels 
 fled. — Prisoners taken. — Three-fourths of the Island taken. 
 —Fort Wagner assaulted, July 11th.— A repulse.— Troops 
 intrench, *82 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 Gen. Gilmore's Congratulatory Order to the Troops.— Special 
 mention of Gens. Strong and Seymour.— Capt L. S. Payne. 
 
xviii Contents. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 — A second assault to be made on Wagner. — Batteries 
 brought from Folly and planted before Wagner.— Other 
 Troops ordered on to Morris Island.— Severe fatigue and 
 dangerous picketing —July 18th, at the edge of evening, 
 the assault to be made.— The Ironclads to assist.— Brigades 
 of Seymour, Putnam and Strong.— Strong led the advance. 
 —The Bombardment continued all day.— At night the 
 Troops assaulted and were repulsed 190 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 The Repulse at Fort Wagner.— The Killed and Wounded — 
 Col. Dandy's Letter to the Board of Trade.— The Bravery 
 of the Assaulting Columns. — The Island to be held. — Folly 
 Island the base of supplies. — Troops encamped at the south 
 end of Morris. — The erection of works commenced. — The 
 "Lett Batteries." — The Batteries at the first and second 
 parallels. — The Swamp Angel, its construction, cost and 
 use 198 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 Commands changed since the charge on Wagner. — Details 
 sent North for Conscripts and Recruits. — The large increase 
 of Sick on the Island. — The Siege prosecuted with vigor. — 
 Reinforcements arrive from the North. — Folly Island one 
 vast Camp. — A Boat Infantry established. — Capt. Payne, 
 the Scout, taken prisoner. — Christian and Sanitary Commis- 
 sions. — Surgeon Kittenger and his course in the discharge 
 of his duties, 206 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 Gilmore's Land Batteries opened on Sumter August 17th. — 
 The Ironclads assisted. — The Bombardment closed on the 
 23d. — Sumter was pronounced useless for offensive opera- 
 tions.— The Siege continued— The third, fourth and fifth 
 Parallels were opened.— The Twenty-fourth Massachusetts 
 Drove in the Enemy's Pickets.— The Sufferings and Casual- 
 ties among the men. — An expedition against Battery Gregg. 
 — It was unsuccessful, 214 
 
Contents. xix 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 A third assault on Wagner was ordered. — The Rebels had 
 evacuated. — The Forts and Island ours. — The Forts to he 
 rebuilt. — Gen. Gilmore congratulates in General Orders. — 
 He is commissioned as Major General. — Details for duty on 
 picket and fatigue are constant and regular. — Weather 
 cool and disagreeable. — Arrival of Recruits. — The usual 
 routine of camp duties 221 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 Regiment still on Morris Island. — Major D. D. Nash returned 
 to Regiment. — Batteries open on Charleston. — Execution of 
 a Deserter. — Words about Negro Troops. — Their morale 
 and merit as soldiers. — Deserters from Charleston. — Depar- 
 ture of Col. Dandy and Recruiting Party for Buffalo. — Re- 
 enlisted Veterans arrived. — Their Reception by the Ladies 
 of the Great Central Fair, Mayor, Military and Citizens, . . . 228 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 The Spring Campaign of 1864 — Transfer of the One Hun- 
 ■ dredth Regiment from Morris Island to Gloucester Point. — 
 The relation of successive events in the history of Sumter 
 till its restoration by the Government. — The state and con- 
 dition of Charleston. — The Quenching of Fires by our Sol- 
 diery. — The Retreat of Gen. Hardee's Army, 236 
 
 CHAPTER XXXTV. 
 
 Closing of the Recruiting Office at Buffalo. — Th« Regiment or- 
 dered from Morris Island to Gloucester Point — Prepara- 
 tions for a Summer Campaign. — Embarked on Transports. 
 — Landing at Bermuda Hundred. — Gen. Butler in com- 
 mand. — Marched to the Petersburg and Richmond Rail- 
 road. — Fought the Enemy, tore up the Railroad and des- 
 troyed the Telegraph, 243 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 The Fight at Walthall Junction.— The Report of Col. G. B. 
 Dandy and favorable mention of officers and men. — The 
 
xx Contents. 
 
 FAOB. 
 
 adroit movements of Gen. Butler on City Point and Ber- 
 muda Hundred.— The building of works from the James to 
 the Appomattox. — The advance on the 12th and 13th of 
 May.— The taking of one of the outer Forts of the works at 
 Drury's Bluff.— The charge of the One Hundredth Regi- 
 ment and their sufferings, 249 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 The advance on Port Darling.— The Skirmishers of the One 
 Hundredth.— The wounding of Lieut. Hoyt— The taking 
 of the Rail Fence.— The advance of May 16th.— The fatal 
 results. — Again within Intrenchments. — Duty in Camp and 
 on the Picket Line. — The reported assaults of the Rebels 
 on our line. — Gen. Walker taken prisoner. — Gen. Butler re- 
 inforces Grant, 256 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVH. 
 
 The Regiment still at Bermuda Hundred. — Constant firing of 
 the Rebels on our Pickets. — They evacuate their works. — 
 We entered them, reached the Railroad, and tore up track 
 for three miles. — Assailed by Pickett's Division, — The Rebels 
 repulsed. — We held their Pits. — They assault on the 17th 
 of June. — Are repulsed. — The Brigade ordered to Deep 
 Bottom. — Made a landing and intrenched. — Capt. Granger 
 charged the Grover House and drove the Rebels, 266 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIH. 
 
 The Position of the Grover House. — The assistance of the 
 Gunboats. — The Rebels shelled. — Our position at Deep 
 Bottom contrasted with that on the Bermuda Front. — The 
 Works on our Front were made strong. — The Brigade was 
 reinforced. — July 27th Hancock and Sheridan moved upon 
 our right. — The whole line moved. — Co.," K," Capt. Granger, 
 made another charge. — Capt. Richardson killed. — His body 
 was not recovered, 274 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 Preparations for the advance on the north side of the James 
 at Deep Bottom. — Hancock's Corps and Gregg's Cavalry 
 
Contents. xxi 
 
 PASS. 
 
 with Terry's Division of Birney's Tenth Corps. — Moved out 
 of works at Deep Bottom on the morning of August 15th. 
 — The One Hundredth charge and take a Battery of four 
 guns. — Made a connection with Hancock and moved to the 
 front, and led the charge on the enemy's works at Fussill's 
 Mills, 281 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 
 The charge on the Rebel Works, August 16th. — The Regi- 
 ment repulsed. — Fell back and threw up Intrenchments. — 
 The Rebels attack and are repulsed in turn. — The dead 
 were buried under a flag of truce. — Withdrew on the night 
 of the 18th. — Moved to old camp at Deep Bottom. — Regi- 
 ment lost seventy-three killed, wounded and missing. — 
 Paymaster arrived. — Money expressed home, 288 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 Hancock and Gregg withdrawn from the north side of James 
 River. — The One Hundredth again at Deep Bottom. — Or- 
 dered to the Trenches before Petersburg. — Occupied the 
 position held by the Ninth Corps. — Gen. Bumside. — Life in 
 the Trenches. — Col. Dandy gone to Buffalo. — Pew officers 
 for duty 296 
 
 CHAPTER XLH. 
 
 Withdrawal of the Regiment from the Trenches of Petersburg. 
 — A few days' rest at the rear, preparatory.to another move. 
 — Moved on the evening of the 28th Sept. — Crossed at Deep 
 Bottom. — Took Fort Harrison, Spring Hill and the entire 
 line of the Rebel Works. — The works were turned, and we 
 were assaulted 7th Oct., and gave the Enemy a severe and 
 bloody repulse. — Withdrew and camped a few days at 
 Deep Bottom. — Returned to the front, 304 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII. 
 
 The Regiment ordered to the front from Deep Bottom. — A 
 visit from G. S. Hazard, President of the Board of Trade, 
 Buffalo. — Maj. Nash honorably discharged. — Return of Col. 
 
XX11 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Dandy.— Two Hundred Recruits arrived.— The Fight on the 
 Darbytown Road, October 27th— The Troops retire behind 
 their works for winter quarters.— The muster out of the 
 " Old Men."— Their return to Buffalo 313 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV. 
 
 Col. Plaisted issued an Address to the Third Brigade.— Col. 
 Dandy in command of Brigade, Capt. Brunck of Regiment. 
 —The "Old Men" of the Regiment mustered out— Their 
 Reception by the Board of Trade.— The Address of the 
 President, G. S. Hazard. — The Promotions in the Regiment. 
 — Arrival of Recruits. — Executions of Deserters. — Occupa- 
 tion of Troops in winter quarters. — Gen. Butler relieved. — 
 Gen. Ord in command. — Rebel Deserters, 320 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 Routine of Camp Duties before Richmond. — Promotions dur- 
 ing the winter. — Grant's movement on the left. — Sheridan's 
 Grand Cavalry Raid. — Brigade, Division and Corps Reviews, 
 attended by President Lincoln, Secretary Stanton, Grant and 
 many Ladies. — The fine appearance of the Army at this 
 date.— Moved March 27th for the south side of the James 
 at Hatcher's Run.— Advanced upon the Enemy's Works, ... 326 
 
 CHAPTER XL VI. 
 
 The steady advance upon the Enemy's Works.— The Rebels 
 assault on the morning of April 1st.— They are successfully 
 repulsed.— Regiment continues to intrench.— The advance 
 April 2d, and Storming of Fort Grigg in the rear of Peters- 
 burg.— Promotions in the Regiment March 30th, 333 
 
 CHAPTER XL VII. 
 
 The assault of Port Grigg in the rear of Petersburg.— The 
 work assigned to the First Division, Twenty-fourth Army 
 Corps.— The loss of Maj." Dandy of the One Hundredth 
 New York.— The Fort taken.Jand garrison nearly all killed 
 and wounded. — The pursuit of Gen. Lee: — Arrival at Burkes- 
 
Contents. xxiii 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 ville. — Pass through Farmville, and reach the Rebel Army 
 at Appomattox.— Fighting the last Battle.— Surrender of 
 Lee's Army. — Its Parole.— News of the President's Assassi- 
 nation. — Return march. — Entering Richmond, 339 
 
 CHAPTER XL VIII. 
 
 The One Hundredth joins the Brigade at Appomattox. — The 
 return march to Richmond. — Our reception by the resident 
 Troops. — Encamped outside City. — Reception of Second, 
 Fifth and Sixth Corps and Sherman's Army. — Incidents and 
 routine of Camp Life. — Inspections and reviews, 346 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX. 
 
 Gen. Foster in command of Division on leave. — Gen. Osborne 
 in command. — Return Soldiers from Andersonville. — Leaves 
 of absence and passes to the City. — Resignation of Capt. 
 Stowits. — Letter of Gen. Dandy. — Appointment of Capt. 
 Cook as Acting Assistant Adjutant General. — A Corps Re- 
 view and Gen. Gibbon's farewell order. — Arrival of the One 
 Hundredth at Albany, and muster out. — Presentation of 
 Battle Flags of the One Hundredth Regiment to the Buffalo 
 Historical Society, by Lieut. Col. Warren Granger, Jr., 352 
 
 CHAPTER L. 
 
 Closing Words. — Reflections upon the War so successfully 
 ended, and the brilliant and hopeful future of this Young 
 Republic, 359 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Biographical Sketches. In Memoriam : 
 
 Colonel James Malcolm Brown, 363 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Phineas Staunton, 366 
 
 Major James H. Dandy, 368 
 
 Captain Michael Bailey, 369 
 
 Captain William Richardson 371 
 
 Captain Frank C. Brunck, 371 
 
 Lieutenant John W. WilkeBon, Jr.", 373 
 
 Lieutenant Charles Severance Farnham 376 
 
 Lieutenant Samuel S. Kellogg, 378 
 
xxiv Contents. 
 
 Biographical Sketches. In Memoriam : via*. 
 
 Lieutenant' Rodney B. Smith, Jr., 378 
 
 Adjutant Herbert H. Haddock 379 
 
 Lieutenant Charles H. Runckle, 380 
 
 Lieutenant Azor Hilton Hoyt 381 
 
 Lieutenant Cyrus Brown, 382 
 
 Lieutenant James H. French, 382 
 
 Biographical Sketches of Surviving Officers : 
 
 Brigadier General Gustavus A. Scroggs, 383 
 
 Brevet Brigadier General Calvin N. Otis, 386 
 
 Major Daniel D. Nash, 387 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Lewis S. Payne, 389 
 
 Brevet Colonel Warren Granger, Jr 393 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Walbridge, 394 
 
 Major George H. Stowits, 396 
 
 Lieutenant George G. Barnum, Jr., 398 
 
 Captain Oscar F. Richards, 399 
 
 Lieutenant Alfred Lythe 400 
 
 George S. Hazard, 403 
 
 Buffalo Board of Trade, 405 
 
 Erie County Savings Bank 406 
 
 Commissioned Officers 407 
 
 Muster In Roll, Field and Staff Officers 410 
 
 Company " A," 410 
 
 "B," 411 
 
 "C," 412 
 
 " "D," 413 
 
 " "E," 414 
 
 "F," 415 
 
 " "G," 416 
 
 " "H," 417 
 
 "I," 418 
 
 " "K," 419 
 
 List of Names Recruited by the Board of Trade, 421 
 
C&ot>c^e-. /C^^^t^y 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 ORDER OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT '.TO GEN. G. A. 
 
 SCROGGS. NUMBER OF MEN RECRUITED FOR THE 
 
 "EAGLE BRIGADE." STATEMENT OF ADJT. GEN. STONE- 
 HOUSE. — NOMINATION OF GEN. SCROGGS FOR BRIGA- 
 DIER-GENERAL. — ORIGIN OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 The struggle for National life was upon us. The 
 people were aroused. The "War Department, Au- 
 gust 19th, 1861, issued to Gen. Ghistavus A. Scroggs, 
 of the city of Buffalo, N. T., the following order: 
 
 War Department, August 19th, 1861. 
 
 Gen. G. A. Scroggs, Buffalo, N. Y. : 
 
 Sir: — You are hereby authorized to raise and organize a bri- 
 gade of four full regiments, to serve for three years or during the 
 war. 
 
 This acceptance is with the distinct understanding that this De- 
 partment will revoke the commissions of all officers who may be 
 found incompetent for the proper discharge of their duties. 
 
 You will promptly advise Adjt. Gen. Thomas, at Washington, 
 2 
 
26 One Himdredth W. T. S. Yolwnte&rs. 
 
 the date at which your men will be ready for mustering, in accord- 
 ance with General Orders relative thereto. 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 [l. s.] Your obed't servant, 
 
 THOMAS A. SCOTT, 
 Asst. Secretary of War. 
 
 Gen. Scroggs received the order August 22d, and 
 immediately entered upon the duties assigned him. 
 Being authorized, he established a camp at Fort Por- 
 ter, designating it Camp Morgan, overlooking Ni- 
 agara river, the harbor of Buffalo and the adjacent 
 shore of Canada ; and at once took the necessary steps 
 for successfully recruiting, by establishing offices at 
 different points in the city, county and surrounding 
 country. 
 
 Barracks, a mess house, guard house and other 
 buildings were constructed for the accommodation of 
 recruits assembled and assembling, sufficient to ac- 
 commodate fifteen hundred men. 
 
 Recruiting continued at Buffalo, and at other places, 
 under the authority of Gen. Scroggs, until the 16th 
 day of August, 1862. 
 
 From the receipt of the order, August 22d, 1861, 
 to the 16th. day of August, 1862, Gen. Scroggs en- 
 listed and caused to be enlisted and mustered into the 
 service of the United States at Buffalo, two thousand 
 and twenty-one men ; and the aggregate of enlistments 
 at other stations established under the order, was one 
 thousand five hundred, making three thousand five 
 hundred and twenty-one men; and the troops so 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 27 
 
 enlisted were organized into companies and regiments, 
 and entered the service of the United States. 
 
 The regiments, which were to constitute the " Eagle 
 Brigade " were as follows : One in Buffalo, to be 
 commanded by Col. James M. Brown ; one in Sing 
 Sing, by Col. John P. Jenkins ; two in New York 
 city, by Col. Daniel Ullman and Col. George B. Buck- 
 ingham, respectively. 
 
 J. B. Stonehouse, Assistant Adjutant General of the 
 State of New York, in a communication to Bvt. Lieut. 
 Col. R. J. Dodge, U. S. A., chief mustering officer at 
 Albany, gives the number of companies, regiments 
 and different arms of the service into which the men 
 recruited by Gen. Scroggs were mustered. He fur- 
 ther 6tates the reason why the brigade did not take 
 the field as such ; which was the urgent demand for 
 troops, and the consolidation of all available recruits, 
 that the army might have their services at once. 
 
 The Adjutant General says, that Gen. Scroggs was 
 nominated by President Lincoln for Brigadier Gen- 
 eral of Volunteers, in July, 1862, but was not con- 
 firmed by the Senate. His name, with many others, 
 was not acted upon, because the number nominated 
 exceeded the number authorized by Congress. 
 
 The President personally assured Gen. Scroggs 
 that his name should be sent to the Senate when a 
 vacancy occurred ; but Gen. Scroggs in the mean- 
 time was prostrated with typhoid fever, and was con- 
 fined to his room for over seven months, and hence 
 unable to look after the matter. 
 
28 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Voltmteers. 
 
 It is justly due Gen. Scroggs and the public that 
 these historical facts of the " Eagle Brigade " should 
 be recorded, that all may know the origin of the One 
 Hundredth Kegiment, and the starting point of its 
 existence. 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 29 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 OEDEES FOE BECBUmNG. — CAPT. D. D. NASH RAISED EIEST 
 
 COMPANY. GLOOMY PBOSPECTS FQB EECEUITING. 
 
 LIABILITIES OE GEN. SCEOGGS. — AID OF WILLIAM WIL- 
 KESON, ESQ. — SCEOGGS BELIEVED. — CAMP MOEGAN 
 ESTABLISHED. — NECESSAEY BUILDING PEOYIDED. — 
 BEGIMENT EAISED, AND NAMED THE ONE HUNDEEDTH. 
 — DONATIONS AND CAMP INCIDENTS. — OEDEES TO 
 LEAVE EXPECTED. 
 
 The first order issued for raising a company for the 
 One Hundredth Regiment was to Capt. Walter B. 
 Moore, of LeRoy, Genesee county, and was dated 
 September 2d, 1861. 
 
 On the 18th of September, 1861, Gen. Scroggs 
 issued orders to Oapt. Daniel D. Nash, of Springville, 
 Erie county, to Capt. John Nicholson, Capt. Charles 
 E. Morse, Capt. Michael Bailey ; on the 21st to Capt. 
 P. Edwin Dye ; on the 24th to Capt. Charles H. 
 Henshaw ; on the 26th to Capt. George Hinson, all of 
 Buffalo; on the 9th of October, to Capt. Lewis S. 
 Payne, of Tonawanda; on the 19th of October, to 
 Capt. Charles E. Kauert, of Buffalo. At this time the 
 
30 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 headquarters of Gen. Scroggs were at the "Old" 
 Court House. 
 
 At this juncture of military affairs in the history of 
 the organization of the One Hundredth Kegiment, 
 there was no pressing demand for troops. One hun- 
 dred dollars United States bounty was all the induce- 
 ment offered, and at that time it was ordered not to 
 be paid till after the expiration of two years' service. 
 
 It was in the fall of the year, with a prospect of cold 
 and uncomfortable quarters for the coming winter; 
 all of which seemed to add despondency to gloom, 
 and was anything but cheering to officers engaged in 
 recruiting. 
 
 The 25th of September heralded Capt. Daniel D. 
 Nash, with a company from Springville, as the first 
 offering toward the formation of the "Eagle Brigade." 
 
 Comfortable quarters were at once provided for the 
 men at Fort Porter, now Camp Morgan, in honor of 
 the Governor of the State of New York. Gen. 
 Scroggs assumed responsibility. Recruiting pro- 
 gressed with reasonable rapidity. No public meet- 
 ings, fairs, shows nor benefits were held in aid of the 
 regiment. It was recruited wholly by the enterprise 
 of its officers and men. 
 
 - Brevet Brig.-Gen. C. N. Otis loaned fourteen hun- 
 dred dollars to officers for recruiting, which was 
 promptly paid at the first payment of the regiment. 
 The recruiting of the regiment was simply a work of 
 dogged, stubborn resolution on the part of its officers, 
 which filled its ranks and established its existence. 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 31 
 
 Gen. Scroggs had incurred a heavy indebtedness 
 in the erection of the necessary buildings at Camp 
 Morgan, for which the United States Disbursing Offi- 
 cer, Lieut. Cutting, refused to pay. 
 
 Then, "William Wilkeson, Esq., came promptly to 
 his aid. He went to Washington, had an interview 
 with Adjt. Gen. Thomas, whom he describes " as a 
 severe, abrupt and imperious man " ; but ultimately 
 procured an appropriation to pay off the debts con- 
 tracted, and for building additional barracks, and 
 more : got the mustering officer, Lieut. Cutting, re- 
 moved, and Capt. Fleming appointed, who rendered 
 all the needed assistance for the comfort and care of 
 recruits. 
 
 Gen. Scroggs affirms that "William "Wilkeson saved 
 him, when on the verge of ruin, in consequence of 
 debts contracted, by his "Washington diplomacy, and 
 that to him more than any other civilian the One 
 Hundredth Regiment is indebted for aid in getting 
 ready for the field. "Without display, Mr. Wilkeson 
 gave much time, labor and money toward providing 
 men for the army, for which a consciousness of duty 
 performed must be his reward. 
 
 October 12th. Surg. Martin S. Kittenger was 
 appointed by Governor Morgan and ordered to report 
 to Gen. Scroggs for duty. During the fall and 
 winter, donations were made from individuals and 
 from the public schools of the city, of socks, comfort- 
 ers, mittens and many other needed articles, which the 
 soldier found to be of valuable aid. 
 
32 One Bhm&redth N. T. 8. Vokmteers. 
 
 Special donations were made to captains of particu- 
 lar companies by intimate friends. Capt. Gardner of 
 Co. " D," and Capt. P. Edwin Dye of Co. " H," were 
 recipients of such favors. 
 
 November 18th. The regiment had assumed pro- 
 portions, and was favorably noticed by the press of 
 the city and county. 
 
 November 22d. The teachers of the public schools 
 of the city presented to Capt. P. Edwin Dye, who as 
 principal of public school No. 16 had entered the 
 service, a sword, sash, belt, pistol and camp trunk. 
 Sandford B. Hunt, superintendent of schools, Hon. 
 Victor M. Rice, N. B. Barker and Samuel Slade, 
 made appropriate and patriotic remarks, to which 
 Capt. Dye responded with emotion and military 
 enthusiasm. 
 
 November 30th. Maj. C. N. Otis was presented 
 with a horse by Messrs. E. "W. Ensign, Charles En- 
 sign, Thomas LeClear, C. J. Wells, D. S. Bennett 
 and John Allen. Maj. Otis returned thanks in fitting 
 terms. 
 
 During the winter patriotic meetings were held in 
 the mess room at Camp Morgan, and were addressed 
 by Chaplain Cook, O. F. Presbrey, Geo. H. Stowits 
 and others. 
 
 December 21st. Rumors of small pox at camp 
 were circulated, which were promptly rebuked and 
 denied by Surg. Kittenger. 
 
 At this date, the regiment was a fixed fact. Com- 
 pany and battalion drills were ordered, and recruiting 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volwntws. 33 
 
 continued. Friends came and went, though -many 
 indulged the vain hope that the regiment would not 
 he needed, and that its members would see their 
 homes, instead of the tented field. 
 
 January 1st, 1862. Hundreds of men were clam- 
 orous for passes, and the indulgences of a happy new 
 year. Calls were made by the officers at the houses 
 of friends in the city. Drills were suspended. A 
 new year's dinner was given to the officers of the 
 "Eagle Brigade," Gen. Scroggs presiding. Toasts, 
 regular and irregular, were given with the usual re- 
 sponses, by S. B. Hunt, Maj. Drew, William Wilkeson, 
 Capt. Fleming, Maj. Otis, Joseph Warren and Lieut. 
 Sturgeon, TJ. S. A. The best of feeling prevailed. 
 
 January 3d. Col. Brown and Gen. Scroggs con- 
 solidated companies. Adjt. Chadwick presented 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton with a camp set, as a "new 
 year's gift." As was usual with men unaccustomed 
 to military restraint, and the long detention in bar- 
 racks, so near the excitements and amusements of 
 a large city, many irregularities and indulgences 
 occurred. The influences of a chaplain were needed. 
 The regiment, as yet, was unprovided. 
 
 January 6th. William D. Murray came to remain 
 as assistant surgeon. 
 
 January 9th. Bumors that the brigade was soon 
 to be sent into the field. Field officers were mustered 
 into service by Capt. Fleming, U. S. A. 
 
 January 14th. Col. Brown paraded the streets 
 of the city with six hundred men. 
 2* 
 
34 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 January 19th. The regiment received its name, as 
 the One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. Gen. 
 Scroggs selected the name, or number of the regiment, 
 though not seventy regiments had then left for the 
 seat of war. Officers at that date were allowed to 
 choose a number for their regiment, and hence men 
 familiar with our military history rank the regiment 
 as raised in 1862, as then they were named in regular 
 order. The remainder of the month was occupied in 
 daily drills, and the usual camp routine. Maj. Eobie 
 finished the payment of the troops. 
 
 February 5th. Col. Quimby examined officers in 
 tactics. 
 
 February 10th. " General Orders " were received 
 for the regiment to be ready to move within twenty- 
 four hours' notice. 
 
 February 13th. Orders to leave countermanded. 
 Capt. Bailey and Lieut. Lynch presented with sword, 
 sash and belt. 
 
 February 17th. Gen. Scroggs gave dinner to all 
 officers of the regiment. 
 
 February 22d. The regiment took part in the 
 celebration of Washington's Birthday, and was favored 
 with the post of honor on the right. 
 
 March 1st. Surg. M. S. Kittenger expressed his 
 obligations to the ladies of Lockport for hospital stores. 
 The regiment was in daily expectation of orders tc 
 move, which were near at hand. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volvmteers. 35 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 MARCHING OEDEES. BROKE CAMP. LEFT FOE ALBANY. 
 
 ARBIVAL AND BEPARTDEE FOE NEW TOEK. — PASS- 
 ES THROUGH PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMOEE, ANB 
 
 ARRIVAL AT WASHINGTON. IN CAMP AT MERIBIAN 
 
 HILL. OEBEEEB TO FORTRESS MONROE BY THE 
 
 WAY OF ALEXANBEIA. — ARRIVAL AT NEWPORT 
 NEWS. 
 
 The order for movement came. Life at Camp Mor- 
 gan was at an end. Fears of not entering the field 
 were dispelled. Camp was broken at 7£ A. M. Regi- 
 ment left the city of Buffalo at 10 A. M. The ex- 
 changed adieus of friends had been given, and the One 
 Hundredth Regiment was nearing its theatre of suffer- 
 ings. Albany was reached at 6 A. M. the following 
 day. Regiment crossed the ice on foot. Arrived in 
 New York city at 5 P. M. The men were quartered 
 at Park Barracks, and were provided with cooked ra- 
 tions. The officers stopped at hotels in the vicinity. 
 
 Sunday morning, March 9th. Arms of the Enfield 
 pattern, with accoutrements, were issued to the men, 
 as well as camp equipage. Orders to leave at 4 P. M. 
 
36 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 Men in readiness and lay on arms all night. Moved 
 at 9 A. M. Monday morning to Jersey Ferry, crossed, 
 took cars for Philadelphia, arriving at Camden, oppo- 
 site, at 8£ P. M. Crossed, and, as if by instinct, took 
 the line to the " refreshment saloon" one of the proud 
 enterprises of the Quaker city, where it is said every 
 regiment passing through the city had been fed during 
 the war. We know that every soldier there enter- 
 tained passed from those loaded tables with a heart 
 overflowing with gratitude to the loyal hearts of that 
 loyal city. 
 
 In the quiet of evening the regiment marched 
 through the streets of Philadelphia, and at 11 P. M. 
 started on train for Baltimore, arriving at Washington 
 March 12th, Wednesday, 6 P. M. Passed the night 
 in the Soldiers' Rest near the railroad depot. Formed 
 regiment on railroad track at 9 A. M. Thursday, March 
 13th, and marched through Pennsylvania avenue, to 
 Fourteenth street and Meridian Hill, where tents were 
 pitched, and the regiment began its first lessons in 
 camp life. 
 
 As a matter and fact of history, the One Hundredth 
 was the only regiment that left the city of Buffalo per- 
 fectly organized and complete. It was full, its officers 
 were appointed and commissioned, and wherever it 
 appeared en route for its camp at Washington, it was 
 eminently acknowledged to be a most superior regi- 
 ment, especially in the city of Washington. 
 
 As soldiers march and fight on their stomachs, Maj. 
 Otis, who had great care for the men, set about get- 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 37 
 
 ting rations, that grumbling might be quieted, which 
 seemed ever to be the right of a soldier. They were 
 obtained. The soldier's duty was upon him. Gun 
 accoutrements, knapsack, tent, cooking, clothing, com- 
 pany and battalion drills, all in regular succession, 
 demanded the attention of the men, if proficiency 
 as a regiment, in most of these essentials, was to be 
 obtained. 
 
 During these March days, rain, wind and disagree- 
 able weather seemed to be the rule, which made the 
 camp muddy and unpleasant. 
 
 March 18th. The regiment was assigned as the 
 Fifth Battalion, First Brigade, Casey's Division. Col. 
 W. W. H. Davis of the One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania, the senior colonel, was in command, an 
 officer of experience in the Mexican war, a gentleman 
 of culture, and universally esteemed by the officers and 
 men. The fortunes of the One Hundredth and One 
 Hundred and Fourth were long linked together amid 
 the vicissitudes of the camp and field. 
 
 Col. James M. Brown, in command of the One Hun- 
 dredth, was personally unknown to the writer. Hav- 
 ing had knowledge of a soldier's life and duty in Mex- 
 ico, he certainly knew what should be expected of a 
 soldier and of his fellow officers. He is said to have 
 been severe in his discipline, though in charity it can 
 be said that it was in accordance with his conceptions 
 of military and military service. His tragical end at 
 Fair Oaks, with his brave and superhuman exertions 
 on that fatal field go far toward establishing his repu- 
 
38 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 tatiori as a soldier, and one fit for the trust committed 
 to his charge. 
 
 Tuesday, March 19th. Orders were received to 
 march with three days' cooked rations in haversacks. 
 Marching orders countermanded; cause, a want of 
 transportation. Ten days more were given to drilling 
 and further perfecting the men and officers in their 
 needs for active service. 
 
 March 21st. A grand review of Gen. Casey's Di- 
 vision of over twelve thousand men. The One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment had the left of the First Brigade. 
 The Division elicited commendation for its soldierly 
 appearance. Squad, company and brigade drills 
 continued daily. Guard duty, roll calls, and the ne- 
 cessary company and regimental reports, were strictly 
 attended to. 
 
 Friday, March 28th. The President and Cabinet 
 visited the various camps, creating much enthusiasm. 
 On one occasion the carriage of the President halted 
 at the camp of the 'One Hundredth during that beau- 
 tiful sight in military discipline, a dress parade, while 
 he and his wife expressed themselves much pleased 
 with the bearing and faultless appearance of the regi- 
 ment. Uniforms and rations were distributed to the 
 men, and marching orders were received as the regi- 
 ment were returning from brigade drill. 
 
 Saturday, March 29th. Orders to move at 2 P. M. 
 This created great excitement among the troops, and 
 in a moment all was hurry and bustle to get ready. 
 Dinner was swallowed in a twinkling, and the small 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 39 
 
 quantity of surplus baggage still on hand quickly dis- 
 posed of. The regiments, in full uniform, were in line 
 soon after two, but the wagons did not arrive until 
 nearly four. At this hour the bugle signal from head- 
 quarters sounded, and the division took up its line of 
 march down Fourteenth street. As the troops marched 
 down this broad avenue to the sounds of martial mu- 
 sic from numerous bands, and the rays of the declin- 
 ing sun reflected back from the glittering bayonets 
 and polished equipments of twelve thousand men, the 
 spectacle was unusually fine. The men had put on 
 their best uniforms to march through the city, and 
 appeared clean and neat in every particular. A large 
 crowd had assembled at Willard's and along the street 
 to witness the departure. We crossed Long Bridge, 
 stepped upon Virginia soil, and took the road to Alex- 
 andria. The night was dark and chilly. The men 
 weighed down with their loaded knapsacks, well filled 
 haversacks and equipments, and unused to marching, 
 soon became wearied and began to straggle, which in- 
 creased as we advanced. We reached the suburbs of 
 Alexandria at ten o'clock, and bivouacked in an open 
 field on the road side. The men lay down wrapped 
 in their blankets, but the cold wind drove sleep away 
 from almost all eyes. No wood, could not cook pro- 
 visions, snow and rain, and camp afloat, one expanse 
 of slush, mud and water. The storm continued for 
 two days. Orders came to go on board transport. 
 The brigade to embark the next morning, March 31st, 
 on steamer Constitution, for Fortress Monroe. In 
 
40 One Hundredth N. T. S. Yohmteers. 
 
 line at four, and marched into town about day-light. 
 The vessel not ready, and the men had to stand sev- 
 eral hours in a drenching rain with the mud shoe-top 
 deep. Five regiments were put aboard. Lieut. Wal- 
 bridge of Co. "H," was detailed as acting quarter- 
 master, and, as the sequal shows, a judicious appoint- 
 ment. The vessel was aground and could not move. 
 The rain fell in torrents through the night. Those 
 on the upper decks were soaked with water. Started 
 at six o'clock. Got aground near Aquia Creek. Lay 
 till 8 A. M. next day. 
 
 Arrived at Fortress Monroe at 2 P. 1., April 1st. 
 The Constitution was the largest vessel in the world, 
 next to the Great Eastern. When aground she lay 
 fast embedded in the mud, broadside to shore, with 
 thirty-five hundred men on board. Two regiments 
 were temporarily transferred to another steamer, and 
 water started in three boilers. A tug pulled her from 
 the bar. The regiments returned, and that evening 
 the Constitution was anchored between the Rip Raps 
 and Fortress Monroe. Near lay the little Monitor, 
 which had just achieved a success over the iron clad 
 Jferrvmac, and was an object of great interest. 
 
 She looked not unlike what the rebels called her, 
 " A cheese box on a raft." The regiments were trans- 
 ferred to other steamers and taken to Newport News. 
 
One Mmdredth JV. T. S. Yohmtee/rs. 41 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 AEETVAL AT NEWPOET NEWS. ENCAMPED. — CHANGED 
 
 CAMP. EAIN AND DISCOMEOET. AEEITAL OE GEN. 
 
 M'cLELLAN. AEMT MOTES FORWARD, BEACHES 
 
 WARWICK COUKT HOUSE. — SIEGE OP TOBKTOWN 
 
 COMMENCES. WOEKS TOO STEONG TO BE ASSAULTED. 
 
 — GEN. NAGLEE IN COMMAND OP BEIGADE. — HE 
 MAKES AN AEMED EECONNOISSANCE. — TEOOPS BE- 
 HAVED WELL. — NAGLEE LED THE CHARGE IN PER- 
 SON. 
 
 Having arrived at Newport News, Gen. Casey or- 
 dered a debarkation at 9% P. M. The men bivouacked 
 and slept. Soon they were ordered one and a half 
 miles on into the woods. Thunder and rain during the 
 night, morning fair and clear. Atl2M.orderedtomove 
 two miles toward Fortress Monroe, to join the rest of 
 the brigade. Bivouacked at 3 P. M. near Gen. Key's 
 headquarters. Encamped on a plantation where the 
 depredations of 40,000 men were seen on every hand. 
 As Lieut. Col. Staunton had an amply furnished 
 camp chest, Col. Brown, Maj. Otis and Adjt. Chad- 
 wick accepted his offer of sharing its supplies. The 
 
42 One Hundredth J¥. T. 8. Vokmteers. 
 
 line officers shifted for themselves, and, as would be 
 expected, it was a trying time for men so recent from 
 the comforts of home fare and living. 
 
 The services of Maj. Otis as a professional architect 
 were in demand now, and for the future, in locating 
 and staking out camps. This was done. The regiment, 
 with wood and boughs for beds, slept on the ground. 
 Rations were short. The Major went to Newport 
 News to obtain them. Fresh beef and bread were se- 
 cured. Camp was policed and cleared up. 
 
 April 9th, 1862. Edwin S. Bishop was commis- 
 sioned as quartermaster in place of Samuel M. Cham- 
 berlain discharged. 
 
 Rain, rain, and the men wet and cold. Orders to 
 march. Suspended at 5 P. M. 
 
 Thursday, April 10th. Cold, windy, and mud six 
 inches deep. The division remained encamped here 
 for ten days, the weather being very wet and exceed- 
 ingly cold most of the time. There was but little op- 
 portunity for drill, and the men were principally em- 
 ployed in fatigue and picket duty. The division was 
 reviewed once by Gen. Casey. 
 
 Friday, April 11th. Frost and ice one-fourth of an 
 inch thick. The rebel ram Merrvmac came out and 
 captured two schooners, which could not be prevented. 
 Drew off toward night. She kept a respectful dis- 
 tance from the little Monitor. Troops under arms. 
 All quiet at night. 
 
 Sunday, April 13th. Maj. Otis was presented with 
 a sabre by quartermaster S. M. Chamberlain. A 
 
One Hundredth If. Y. S. Volunteers. 43 
 
 father's and a patriot's interest brought John Wilkeson 
 to camp, as friends at home began to think that their 
 sons, husbands and brothers had entered upon an ac- 
 tive, and, as it proved, a sanguinary campaign. The 
 regiment was not supplied with tents of any kind for 
 more than a week, and hence suffered severely. 
 Boughs, trees and boards, when found, offered the only 
 shelter. The weather was rainy and eold. At this 
 time a large number of officers and men laid the foun- 
 dation of disease, which, to some, was premature death. 
 Gen. McOlellan arrived at Fortress Monroe the 
 2d of April. The army commenced its march toward 
 Torktown at once. Gen. Casey's division marched 
 on the morning of the 15th for Warwick Court House. 
 The day was warm, and the roads exceedingly bad. 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton, as field officer of the day, had 
 command of the advance guard of three companies. 
 Distance marched, twenty miles. A large number of 
 men fell out of ranks. Warwick Court House reached 
 at 5£ P. M. The regiment bivouacked in an open 
 field. The weather, roads and ignorance of camp life 
 and its duties, and unused exposure, caused sickness 
 and suffering among both officers and men. At the 
 close of this severe day's march, Col. Davis was ordered 
 to hasten to the assistance of Gen. Couch at Warwick, 
 who, it was reported, had an engagement with the 
 enemy, and needed assistance. To raw troops these 
 marches were exhausting and demoralizing. Virginia 
 soil was never intended for military operations. The 
 condition of the men was simply that of positive dis- 
 
44 One Ewidredtk JV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 comfort. Transportation was so uncertain, and the 
 roads so impassable, that, rations were issued in 
 limited quantities, and often not more than a box of 
 hard tack was allowed to a company, which rendered 
 the men unfit to endure the exposure of out-door living. 
 
 Thursday, April 17th. Ordered to move two miles 
 nearer the rebel lines, and encamped in the woods. 
 Col. Brown unfit for duty. No fires allowed. Heavy 
 firing during the night. 
 
 Friday, 18th. An idle day. 
 
 Saturday, 19th. Orders to move. No move. 
 Rested quiet all night. 
 
 Sunday, April 20th. Men under arms in silence 
 awaiting the " Long Roll." Firing on our left, heavy 
 guns and small arms. Very dark and rainy. Firing 
 at intervals all night. The rebels attacked a battery, 
 and were repulsed. Skirmishing all day. Gen. Mc- 
 Clellan had fairly planted his army before Yorktown. 
 The enemy held a strongly fortified position from York 
 to James river. Yorktown was well defended. Earth- 
 works at Gloucester Point commanded the river front. 
 It was decided by general officers and engineers that 
 the works could not be taken by assault. The siege 
 was commenced. Heintzelman's corps was on the 
 right. Sumner's occupied the centre, and Keyes' the 
 left. Continuous rains had converted the country into 
 a quagmire, and the troops lived in the mud, to all in- 
 tents and purposes. It was impossible for the men to 
 keep their clothing and equipments clean. 
 
 Monday,. April 21st. The One Hundredth was 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volvmteers. 45 
 
 ordered with Eleventh Maine to stand at arms, and ad- 
 vance two miles as reserves. Bivouacked in woods. 
 Rained for three hours, and the men were drenched 
 through and through. To all it was a night of mili- 
 tary suffering. The next day Col. Brown, Lieut. Col. 
 Staunton, Maj. Otis and Adjt. Chadwick, rode out to 
 view rebel batteries. During the absence of the field 
 officers, Gen. Kearney and staff came along and or- 
 dered Capt. Nash to fall in the regiment and move to 
 the front. Soon, however, the order was counter- 
 manded. Weather some more pleasant. A few of 
 the regiments had constructed model camps amid all 
 their privations, sufferings and exposures. The One 
 Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, the regiment 
 raised by the brigade commander, had constructed a 
 model camp, called " Pine Grove Camp," which was 
 beautiful and tastefully arranged and adorned. It 
 was an extemporized home for worn and weary men. 
 From the time the army set down before Yorktown 
 until the defences were evacuated by the enemy, the 
 siege was actively prosecuted. The labor was severe. 
 Building roads, batteries, and mounting guns, together 
 with a vigilant watchfulness of the enemy's operations, 
 occupied the time of officers and men day and night. 
 
 The work was heavy on all parts of the line. On 
 the left the distance to the enemy's works was about 
 two hundred yards. The camps were nearly a mile 
 from the rebel works. In going to and returning from 
 the picket line, the men were obliged often to wade 
 half-leg deep through water, and lay out day and 
 
46 One Hwndredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 Bight in the rain watching the enemy from a brush 
 heap or fence corner. Pickets were frequently fired 
 upon, and often the first salute to the new officer of 
 the day was a shot from one of the enemy's batteries. 
 Such was the new hfe of the newly made soldier. 
 Food was scarce ; officers often fared worse than their 
 men, and as often dependent upon them. 
 
 "Wednesday, April 23d. Ool. Davis was relieved 
 of command of the brigade by Gen. Naglee, whom 
 McClellan had ordered to report to Gen. Casey for 
 duty. Col. Davis says : " I felt great pride in the bri- 
 gade, and naturally resigned the command of it with 
 some regret. It was by all odds the best in the divi- 
 sion. I had taken the regiments on their first arrival 
 at "Washington, the fall before, organized, drilled and 
 disciplined them, and when I gave up the command 
 I do not believe the brigade was second to any in the 
 army of the Potomac for efficiency." 
 
 Gen. Naglee was as gallant an officer as could be 
 found in the army, impetuous, and sometimes rash, 
 but just to his officers and men. He soon became 
 proud of his brigade, and thought there was no duty 
 so hard that it could not perform. Occasional firing 
 day and night. 
 
 April 25th. Gunboats ran rebel batteries and came 
 to Yorktown. Shelter tents issued to the regiments. 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton started with five companies to 
 relieve pickets, with Col. Plaisted, Eleventh Maine, as 
 guide. Men without rations except beef. Cold and 
 rainy. Paymaster Dixon arrived and paid the men 
 
CALVIN N.OTIS. 
 
 LtCol.and Brevet BWg.Geni lOOthR94t.N-YS.Vols. 
 
One Hwndredih N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 47 
 
 from January 1st, 1862, to February 28th, two months. 
 Men actively engaged in sending money home. A few 
 complaints about accounts, but finally they were sat- 
 isfactorily adjusted. Col. Van "Wyck, Fifty-sixth New 
 York, Lieut. Col. Staunton, One Hundredth, and Maj. 
 Crier, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, had a 
 narrow escape from the explosion of a shell. 
 
 Tuesday, April 29th. The regiment was ordered 
 by Gen. Naglee for inspection and review. In the 
 afternoon Gen. Casey ordered Gen. Naglee to make an 
 armed reconnoissance. The brigade moved steadily 
 forward. The One Hundredth New York was held 
 in reserve. A few shots were exchanged, and one man 
 of the Eleventh Maine was mortally wounded. The 
 brigade returned to camp after dark, muddy, cold and 
 hungry. Gen. Naglee led the charge in person. 
 
48 One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 BATTERIES NEARLY COMPLETED. — ENEMY EVACUATE YORK- 
 TOWN. — RETREAT TOWARD WILLIAMSBURG. — GEN. 
 M'CLELLAN PURSUES. — BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG. — 
 THE TROOPS MARCH THROUGH THE TOWN. — PURSUIT 
 CONTINUES. — REACHED NEW KENT COURT HOUSE. — 
 RAIN, MUD AND SHORT RATIONS ARE THE SUFFERINGS 
 OF THE ARMY. -^ARRIVE NEAR THE YORK RIVER RAIL 
 ROAD, EIGHTEEN MILES FROM RICHMOND. 
 
 The recent reconnoissance in force, in charge of Gen. 
 iNaglee, in which the One Hundredth took part, dem- 
 onstrated that the enemy still held his lines. It was 
 well conducted and gave confidence to the troops. 
 
 The works had been pushed with such vigor, in 
 spite of all obstacles, storms and various delays, that it 
 was expected the batteries would open May 6th at 
 the latest. The whole army was waiting the bom- 
 bardment. 
 
 April 30th'. Cold and rainy, and the men detailed 
 to make roads, a work pregnant with fatigue and 
 exhaustion. 
 
 May 1st. Col. Brown mustered the regiment for 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 49 
 
 pay. No firing on the line during the day. Rumors 
 of evacuation of Torktown by the rebels. First 
 Lieut. "W. 0. Mackey missing. 
 
 Friday, May 2d. Heavy firing at the right. The 
 rebels shelled all day. Yery warm. Lieut. Col. 
 Staunton attending court martial at headquarters. A 
 few officers entertain the opinion, that the enemy's 
 works can be carried by storm. But the rebels did 
 not wait for the iron speech of Gen. McClellan's guns, 
 but evacuated on the night of the 3d of May, and 
 retired up the Peninsula. 
 
 A citizen of Torktown, who lived there during the 
 siege, stated subsequently, that he had often heard 
 rebel officers remark that Gen. McClellan could drive 
 them out whenever he opened his guns. Knowing 
 his batteries to be nearly completed, they left with- 
 out ceremony. 
 
 Sunday, May 4th. Had orders to march at 9 A. M. 
 As we moved forward we found that the" enemy had 
 evacuated their works, and as we passed through saw 
 that they were very strong. Marched ten miles, and 
 encamped in an open field. Rained during the night. 
 As suspicions strengthened into certainty, troops of 
 all arms were detailed to pursue the flying enemy. 
 The fortifications showed signs of hasty departure. 
 The troops were willing to leave that mortar bed, 
 even if they were obliged to sink into another. The 
 evidences of a hasty retreat were seen all along the 
 road toward Williamsburg. The roads were crowded 
 with pursuing troops. 
 3 
 
50 One .Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 In the hasty retreat from Yorktown the rebels did 
 not forget to leave the evidences of their savage 
 barbarism in the shape of torpedoes, strewn all about 
 to entrap and destroy our troops. They had planted 
 torpedoes in the road that led up to their intrench,- 
 ments, and care was required to prevent the men from 
 treading upon them. One was exploded by a soldier 
 of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania Eegiment, which 
 literally tore him to pieces, and wounded six others 
 of the same company. One of his toes was found in 
 the haversack of his comrade. 
 
 Started early Monday morning, marching all day in 
 the rain. Stopped in woods one hour. The right of 
 the army passed us. Firing heard in advance. Com- 
 ing near "Williamsburg, we were ordered to support 
 our right wing, to turn the enemy's left. We did so 
 on the double-quick for three miles, but were too late 
 for the battle. The rebels were driven from their 
 works, and retreated in great disorder beyond the 
 town that night. The One Hundredth bivouacked 
 in an open wheat field in a cold rain and mud, and- 
 every surviving soldier remembers it as the night of 
 great suffering, unparalleled and indescribable. 
 
 During the long service of the regiment, and amid 
 hardships of a severe character, that night before 
 Williamsburg was referred to, as the one beyond all 
 for nearness to the gates of death. No words can 
 adequately describe the intense agony and deathly 
 chillness of that terrible night of exposure and suf- 
 fering, When the regiment moved from camp before 
 
One Hundredth, N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 51 
 
 Yorktown, all baggage remained as left. The regi- 
 ment not returning, but continuing the march to 
 Williamsburg, they were necessarily without over- 
 coats, blankets, or protection of any kind, and hence 
 the terrors of that awful night. Maj. Nash asserts 
 that the men could not at morning pull a trigger or light 
 a match, so benumbed were they from the cold and 
 rain of that inclement night. Col. Davis remarks 
 the same of the One Hundred and Fourth P — syl- 
 vania. The camp was left standing with everything 
 in the tents, as though we were going out to drill. 
 Neither officers nor men took overcoat or blanket, 
 except the thoughtful few who were always prepared 
 for an emergency. Thus the men were stripped. 
 No clothing save that in which they stood, and after 
 an exciting march, heated and weary, it is a wonder 
 that the half of the regiment did not then and there 
 find their chilling graves. 
 
 The next morning, May 6th, it cleared off fine. 
 The works about Williamsburg were very strong, 
 though unfinished. The enemy made a sortie, and 
 were repulsed with great loss. The most severe fight 
 was on the left of Gen. Naglee's brigade, to which 
 the One Hundredth belonged. Gen. Naglee was 
 ordered to support Gen. Hancock. He reached Han- 
 cock's position with four regiments : the One Hun- 
 dred and Fourth Pennsylvania having been separated 
 by accident ; and though the brigade was not actually 
 under fire, still their coming so much inspirited Han- 
 cock's men, that they were enabled to make the final 
 
52 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteera. 
 
 charge which gave us the day. The enemy retreated 
 in great disorder through Williamsburg during the 
 night. 
 
 May 7th. Lieut. Col. Staunton field officer of the 
 day. Rations were short, and the troops were in a 
 sorry condition. Here the regiment rested a few days 
 to recover spirit and strength for onward work. The 
 dead had been buried, and the wounded cared for, 
 and most of the evidences of this battle of doubtful 
 advantage were disappearing, 
 
 • Ordered on inspection at 9 A. M., the 8th. At 
 noon, brigade review tjy order of Gen. Naglee. Bri- 
 gade drill at 2 P. M. Went through some new ma- 
 nouvres on the battle ground, where Gen. Hancock 
 charged the rebels a few days before. A splendid 
 field for a grand battle, and our brigade charged over , 
 the same ground with yells. 
 
 On the morning of May 9th, the army was ordered 
 to move. It was a charming morning. As we filed 
 through Williamsburg the bands played inspiring 
 airs. Williamsburg is an old moss covered town of 
 ancient renown, and was once the center of all that 
 was fashionable and polished and aristocratic in the 
 Old Dominion. Gen. McOlellan and staff received 
 the salutes of the army, The women of the town 
 looked sullen and venomous. Marched ten miles, 
 most of the time very fast. Bivouacked in a field 
 near a wood and an old "Baptist church." Three 
 brigades of our division were together. The officers 
 secured hoc-cake from negroes, who did a thriving 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 53 
 
 business in the midst of an army of hungry men. At 
 114 P. M., Lieut. Col. Staunton was awaked to post 
 pickets, an OTersight of the commanding general, 
 which should have been done at an earlier hour. 
 
 Saturday, May 10th. Marched ten miles to Roper's 
 Church, Roads blocked with cavalry, infantry and 
 trains. The day's march was through a beautiful 
 country, which was alive with troops. 
 
 Second Lieut. Charles S. Farnham, Co. "A," died 
 at Yorktown, May 12th, 1862, of typhoid fever, the 
 result of exposure, such as had followed the regiment 
 and stricken down many of its officers and men on 
 beds of sickness. 
 
 The army rested here for two days. The trains 
 were not up, rations were out, and no army can move 
 with empty haversacks and commissary. The rebels 
 were three or four miles distant. The roads were 
 simply execrable. Orders to march at 7 A. M. The 
 men were under arms from 7 A. M. to 2 A. M. the 14th 
 without taking off equipments. The movement was 
 e&eeedingly slow ; halts occurred every few minutes, 
 and it was not a rare thing to keep the men standing 
 in the road an hour at a time. Quartermaster Bishop 
 detailed on brigade staff, and Lieut. C. E. "Walbridge, 
 Co. " H," whose services were not forgotten, was put in 
 charge as regimental quartermaster. Reached New 
 Kent Court House, a distance of twelve miles. The 
 court house, a small and antiquated building, is noted 
 as having been the scene of Patrick Henry's forensic 
 displays in early life. We were near the enemy's rear- 
 
54 One Hundredth W. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 guard, skirmishing every day. Rations, the life of 
 the army, came up. Three days' were issued, and the 
 army ate and rested. 
 
 Thursday, May 15th. Lay in camp all day. Rained 
 continually. Cleared off in the afternoon. 
 
 Friday, 1 6th. Rations issued and cooked, and ready 
 for a march. The camping ground is an interesting 
 place of revolutionary memories. Lieut. Col. Staun- 
 ton on court martial in the case of Col. Farnham. 
 
 The regiment commenced its march at 3 o'clock on 
 the afternoon of the 17th, and pitched its tents near 
 Baltimore Cross Roads, seven miles beyond. Here 
 the regiment passed Sunday in quiet and rest. 
 
 Left Baltimore Cross Roads on Monday morning, the 
 19th, in a rain which continued all day. New hats, 
 pants and shirts arrived from Baltimore, as well as a 
 mail, which gave joy to hundreds of anxious, hoping 
 hearts. Marched six miles. Pitched tents in a wheat 
 field eighteen miles from Richmond, near the York 
 River Railroad,' two miles below Despatch Station. 
 
 May 20th. The regiment was detailed for picket 
 and brigade guard. The General ordered Col. Davis, 
 of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, with 
 his regiment, one hundred men of the Fifty-second 
 Pennsylvania, and two companies of the Eleventh 
 Maine, to get in readiness for a reconnoissance toward 
 the Chickahominy. They marched up the railroad to 
 within a few hundred yards of the river, twelve miles 
 from Richmond, found the bridge burned and the 
 enemy posted, strongly on the opposite side. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 55 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 MARCHED NEAR TO BOTTOM'S BRIDGE, TWELVE MILES 
 
 FROM RICHMOND. CROSSED THE CHICKAHOMINY. 
 
 COL. BROWN SICK. WEATHER VERT WARM AND 
 
 SHOWERY. — SKIRMISH AT SAVAGE STATION. — PICK- 
 ETS WITHIN FIVE MILES OF RICHMOND. — CASEY'S DI- 
 VISION ENCAMPED AT " SEVEN PINES." RICKETS 
 
 ATTACKED BY REBELS. THEY WERE DRIVEN BACK. 
 
 SEVERE STORM. THE APPROACHING BATTLE OF 
 
 THE THIRTY-FIRST OF MAY. 
 
 Trom "Williamsburg up, thus far our encounters 
 with the enemy had not been serious, and casualties 
 but few. The reconnoissance to the bridge resulted in 
 the loss of one man wounded of the Eleventh Maine. 
 Shots were exchanged, which served no other purpose, 
 save to familiarize the men with the sounds of shell 
 and minnie balls. The troops returned to camp about 
 dark, having behaved remarkably well. Lieut. Col. 
 Staunton relieved pickets at 11 A. M. Marching 
 orders for the whole division. Pickets were called in 
 and the movement commenced immediately^ Marched 
 two miles and encamped half a mile from the Chi«ka- 
 
56 One Hvmdredth N. Y. S. Vdltynteeirs. 
 
 hominy, near Bottom's bridge, twelve miles from 
 Richmond, 
 
 It is impossible at this time, so remote from the 
 stirring scenes we are recording, to give what would 
 interest the friends of those who were actors and par- 
 ticipants in that great suffering of marching up the 
 Peninsula. With each soldier and officer, it will ever 
 remain an unwritten history. The many personal 
 incidents of sickness, hospital life and death, are facts 
 which are part of the inevitable life of a soldier. As 
 we were not with the regiment at the time, and have . 
 no records or means of stating what would recall to 
 the soldier who reads these pages, as a part of his 
 individual experience, we can but follow the thread of 
 that great tale which left its eternal marks upon the 
 bodies of thousands of American citizens. 
 
 Passed the day in quiet amid the music of the end- 
 less rain drops. Gen. McClellan had been led to 
 believe that a stand would be made on the banks of 
 the historic Chickahominy. On arrival at Bottom's 
 bridge it was found destroyed and the engineers be- 
 gan at once to rebuild it. Orders came to cross the 
 Chickahominy for a reconnoissance. Col. Brown be- 
 ing sick, Lieut. Col. Staunton was in command of the 
 One Hundredth. Moved across the new bridge 
 cautiously, and about one mile beyond, halting behind 
 a hastily thrown up intrenchment. The weather was 
 very warm and muggy. At 3 P. M. ordered back to 
 camp to «get our baggage ; returned with baggage 
 about 9 P. M. 
 
One Hundredth iV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 57 
 
 The Bick were increasing in numbers. Surg. Kit- 
 tenger and Asst. Murray, with their helps, were as 
 active for relief as the limited means of a moving 
 army would permit. Vacant houses, and inhabited 
 houses, were taken for the use of the increasing sick 
 along the route. 
 
 Ordered forward in the rain. Moved into the wood 
 about one and a half miles and stopped an hour. 
 Again ordered forward, and marched about two 
 miles, raining most of the time. Bivouacked in the 
 edge of a fine wood fronting a fine open field, where 
 our troops skirmished with the enemy during the fore- 
 noon. A few men were killed and wounded. Adjt. 
 Chadwick was detailed as aid to Gen. Naglee. 
 
 Sunday, May 25th. Beautiful morn. The army 
 was extremely vigilant. Gen. Naglee had a short 
 skirmish with the enemy. During the engagements 
 of the skirmishers near Savage Station, the rebels 
 opened a battery, and the shelling continued for 
 several hours. Soon our artillery advanced, sup- 
 ported by infantry, and drove them from the field in 
 confusion. Naglee prepared to follow, but Gen. 
 Keyes ordered no further pursuit. The victory was 
 with us. The enemy had a man stationed in the top 
 of a tree, at the upper corner of the wood to direct the 
 fire of their artillery. One of our batteries trained a 
 gun on the tree, and at the first fire brought him 
 down. Gen. Naglee had two horses killed by the 
 enemy's sharpshooters. 
 
 Our picket line was now advanced to a point within- 
 3* 
 
58 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 five miles of Richmond. The bulk of the army was 
 within seven miles of the city. "Weather cool. Bag- 
 gage sent to the rear, as a battle was expected at any 
 time. Pickets advanced two miles. Gen. Naglee is 
 a perfect steam engine. He was seen constantly on his 
 horse, here, there, and everywhere. The General 
 visited pickets, and while viewing, the enemy fired 
 four shots, one breaking between Gen. Naglee and 
 Maj. Otis. Gen. Naglee took six sharpshooters from 
 the One Hundredth Regiment and skirmished through 
 a wood on our right, and shot one man. The whole 
 regiment went out on picket. Two companies were 
 posted farther in advance than others on the railroad, 
 and three companies were held in reserve, while Col. 
 Brown posted the remaining five companies on the 
 right. Tents were pitched and the men were making 
 themselves comfortable for the night, when an order 
 came relieving us. Assembled on the railroad "and 
 waited in the rain till all the pickets were relieved. 
 It was now dark, when the regiment marched one 
 mile to the rear and bivouacked for the night ; rained 
 very hard during the night, and the men were very 
 wet. 
 
 The appearance of the camp of the One Hundredth 
 the morning of May 27th was a sight not to be for- 
 gotten. Men lying flat in the mud and rain fast 
 asleep, clothing soaked, food dampened, and guns in 
 a questionable condition for execution. Cleared off 
 at 11 A. M. Lay in camp all day! The men dried 
 their clothing and cleaned their arms, then drew two 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Voltmteers. 59 
 
 days' rations, and also a ration of whisky, the effects 
 of which were quickly seen. Heavy firing all day on 
 the right. 
 
 Thursday, May 29th. Ordered under arms at 5£ 
 A. M., marched at 8. Moved half a mile. Encamped 
 on brigade line. Entire brigade on picket and fatigue 
 duty. Rebels fired several shells at our pickets. The 
 enemy were reconnoitering and were skirmishing with 
 our picket line. There was constant firing between 
 the pickets of the two armies, and the casualties fre- 
 quent. The rebels were seen on the Richmond road 
 in large numbers. They fired shell at every horse- 
 man that made his appearance. An engine came to 
 the station at night bringing New York papers of the 
 27th May. 
 
 On the morning of the 30th, the rebels attacked 
 our pickets on the Williamsburg road, in force, 
 killing two of our men and wounding others. They 
 drove our pickets, and were driven in turn, leaving 
 six dead on the field, but carrying off their wounded. 
 Col. Brown being general officer of the day, led the 
 pickets to the charge. The numerical strength of the 
 One Hundredth Regiment, previous to engaging in 
 the battle of the 31st, was six hundred and forty-six 
 men fit for duty. 
 
 The night of the 30th of May, will long be remem- 
 bered by the old army of the Potomac on account of 
 the fearful storm that prevailed. The rain fell in 
 torrents, the lightning flashed with unusual vividness, 
 and the thunder was fearful. It would have required 
 
60 One Hundredth N. T. 8.. Vohtnteefs. 
 
 no great stretch of the imagination to believe a great 
 battle was going on between the opposing armies. 
 The storm seemed prophetic of the terrible engage- 
 ment that followed. The country was flooded with 
 water, and the low swampy ground was converted 
 into an almost impassable morass. The Chicka- 
 hominy overflowed its banks, and threatened the 
 destruction of all the bridges. Bottom's bridge, the 
 reliable connection between the two wingd of the 
 army, was much damaged. 
 
 The morning of May 81st was thick and misty. 
 Taking advantage of the unfavorable connection of 
 the two wings of our army, and apparently cut off 
 by the rapid rise in the river, and the partial destruc- 
 tion of the bridges, the enemy determined to fall upon 
 and crush the left wing before reinforcements could 
 arrive. For this purpose the grand divisions of Gens. 
 Hill, Huger, Longstreet and G. "W. Smith, of nearly 
 thirty thousand men, were to be hurled upon Casey's 
 weak division on that bloody day. 
 
 At llf A. M. three shells fired from the enemy's 
 lines fell within our camps, the signal, as we after- 
 ward learned, for the movement to begin. An hour 
 afterward his troops commenced to drive in our 
 pickets on the Williamsburg road. Soon the enemy 
 came crushing through the woods and bushes to our 
 first line of battle. The One Hundredth was ordered 
 under arms, then stacked arjjML and got dinner, but 
 soon were ordered forward, as the firing was becoming 
 continuous and general. 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Volvmteers. 61 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 THE SOLDIER'S PIBST BATTLE. — ITS EFFECT UPON HIM. — 
 ITS RESULTS. — THE POSITION OF CASEY'S DIVISION. 
 — THE SIGNAL OF THE ENEMY TO OPEN THE 
 FIGHT. — THE CHARGE OF NAGLEE's BRIGADE. — THE 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ON THE LEFT OF RICHMOND ROAD. 
 
 ITS CHARGE THROUGH THE SLASHING. THE LOSS 
 
 OF COL. BROWN, LIEUT. WILKESON AND KELLOGG. 
 
 THE BACKWARD MOVEMENT. ENCAMPED ONE 
 
 AND A HALF MILES IN THE BEAR OF OUR FORMER 
 CAMP. 
 
 The soldier does not live who can ever forget his 
 first battle. That brief, though significant order, " Fall 
 in." The preparation, the movement, the deployment 
 of skirmishers, the thrilling suspense preceding the 
 first shot, the hissing and explosion of the first shell, 
 the first volley of our skirmishers, the low, decided 
 order of the commander to advance. Then the suc- 
 cessive volleys and simultaneous roar of artillery and 
 small arms, together with the appalling sight of the 
 wounded carried to the rear, while the calm colorless 
 faces of the heroic dead, upturned to Heaven's blue, 
 
62 One Hundredth JST. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 silent so soon after- viewing sky, sun and plain, never 
 to be seen by the soldier again. 
 
 Long, weary and fatiguing bad been tbe marches 
 along the Peninsula.- The One Hundredth Eegiment 
 was being acclimated, as well as taking its first lessons 
 in the art and experience of real war. The slow ad- 
 vance had been anything but encouraging to raw 
 troops, and was of a character to dampen, in a great 
 degree, that patriotic fervor so. necessary to the success 
 of any cause, however just and holy. Casey's division, 
 of which the One Hundredth formed a part, had been 
 pushed to the extreme front. From the near proxim- 
 ity to the rebel pickets, and the almost daily encount- 
 ers on the picket line there could be no doubt that a 
 bloody battle was imminent. The incessant toil of 
 the troops, and their constant vigilance, had caused 
 much weariness and indifference. The frequency of 
 alarms had increased watchfulness, but it was evident 
 that officers were not in expectation of a battle so soon. 
 Temporary works were advanced to completion. But, 
 as related, the signal had been given. The troops 
 were under arms. Three companies of the One Hun- 
 dredth were on picket, Co. "D," Capt. Payne; Co. 
 "E," Capt. Bailey; Co. " F," Capt. Eauert; so that 
 the available force of the regiment in action was less 
 than four hundred men. 
 
 The diagram of the battle field of Seven Pines, 
 drawn by Maj. C. N". Otis, and engraved in this city 
 by E. E, Jewett & Co., for the Courier, of the position 
 of the opposing lines, is as accurate as could have been 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 63 
 
 secured in time of peace. The enemy's forces, his 
 picket line, as well as that of the National's, the exact 
 position of Casey's division, particularly that of Nag- 
 lee's brigade, the felled timber, the rail fence, the rifle 
 pits, redoubt, position of batteries, with the camp of 
 the One Hundredth New York, Eleventh Maine, Fifty- 
 second Pennsylvania and One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania, are all shown with faithful precision. 
 On the 31st of May there was to be no more feints, 
 but a steady advance to success and victory, or defeat 
 and disaster. The One Hundredth was on the left of 
 the Richmond road. The remainder of the brigade 
 was on the right. Casey's division did not number 
 more than six thousand men, and yet this gallant band 
 sustained the shock, for hours, of nearly thirty thousand 
 rebel troops. The story of this fight has been often 
 told. Lieut. Granger, in a communication to the 
 Commercial Advertiser of June 8th, 1862, gives, per- 
 haps, as accurate an account of the battle and the 
 ways of its workings, as has been given, though it is 
 impossible for one mind, when in the whirlwind of 
 ruin and death, to delineate all the currents and forces 
 which ultimate appalHng results. It is not our de- 
 sign to describe this battle, about which so much has 
 been said, and so many conflicting opinions given. 
 Yet from all the descriptions written, there are undis- 
 puted facts which can be stated as axioms of history. 
 And many such can be said of the brave One Hun- 
 dredth Eegiment on that eventful day. The One 
 Hundredth was the first into the fight. Its commander, 
 
64 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Yohmteers. 
 
 Col. James M. Brown, as the sequel proved, was a 
 fighting man, and the same spirit was infused into the 
 men under his command. To him it was a fight to 
 death, and his record is unmistakable, for it was said 
 of him that " he was a lion m oattle." Though works 
 of defence had been constructed, still these new troops 
 were advanced beyond them over the open space and 
 ordered to charge through slashing, which, in military, 
 is thought to be a barrier between the advancing and 
 resisting troops. The order to charge had been given, 
 and Col. Brown shouted, "Charge the One Hundredth ," 
 and four regiments of Naglee's Brigade did charge 
 most gallantly, though with no decisive advantage, ex- 
 cept to gain time, by checking the crowded masses of 
 the rebels, and wear away the day, that Sumner and 
 Heintzelman might arrive in time to save what re- 
 mained of Casey's division from being totally ex- 
 terminated. 
 
 But it was madness to hold out longer against the 
 rebel hosts. The order was given to retreat ; and now, 
 as these heroes turned to pass over and under fallen 
 trees, and through tangled thickets, the work of death 
 really commenced. It was now that brave and loyal 
 men were destroyed. Though Col. Brown had de- 
 nounced the order to charge, when given, knowing 
 that it would be fatal, still with a smile and hurrah he 
 led his brave men against the rebel lines, which were 
 made to recoil with admiration of such unparalleled 
 bravery. 
 
 Here fell Lieuts. Kellogg and Wilkeson, killed, and 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 65 
 
 Capt. Nash, and Lieut. Mayo, and Lieut. Brown, 
 wounded, with scores of men on every hand. The 
 last seen of Col. Brown he was making an effort to 
 rally the scattered fugitives and make resistance to 
 the last. If he did not seek death, at least he seemed 
 determined to inflict as much punishment upon the 
 enemies of his country as this, his last, opportunity af- 
 forded. Other officers were wounded and made pris- 
 oners. Lieut. Granger was struck with a piece of 
 shell, hitting the buckle of his belt, and knocking him 
 down, though resulting in no permanent injury. 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton was struck with a spent ball in 
 the side, glancing from one of his ribs without pene- 
 trating. Lieut. Col. Staunton affirms that when the 
 enemy appeared in a dense mass from the woods with 
 banners flying, resistance was useless, since the hand- 
 ful that now remained of Casey's division could not 
 check for a moment the impetus of overwhelming 
 numbers. Maj. Otis, though not a regular army offi- 
 cer, in the explanation of the diagram drawn by him 
 of the battle field, says : " Our regiment was the only 
 one of the First Brigade that was deployed on the left 
 of the Richmond road, and the only one that was 
 placed in the centre of ^slashing on either side of the 
 road ; and as slashings are intended as obstacles, placed 
 in front of a certain position, I have not yet been able 
 to comprehend the precise object in placing our regi- 
 ment between it and the enemy." 
 
 It will be seen at a glance that the order sending 
 the One Hundredth Kegiment through that slashing, 
 
66 One Hundredth If. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 cost it and the country the future services of brave 
 officers and men. It would seem that commanding 
 generals could have had no conception of the disparity 
 of forces on the ground, or if they had they were reck- 
 less of the lives of loyal and heroic men. But the 
 fatal error had been committed. The deed of death 
 had been delivered. The One Hundredth Eegiment 
 had gone to the sacrifice, though without dishonor. 
 Its decimated ranks told of its brave resistance. The 
 division had been forced back beyond its camps, which 
 were taken by the enemy. To them belonged the 
 spoils. The arrival of fresh troops checked their ad- 
 vance, and night closed upon the bloody day, the bat- 
 tle of " Seven Pines." 
 
 The companies on picket were not without their 
 sad experiences. Lieut. Newell of Co. " D " and 
 twelve men were cut off, while Capt. Payne, with ad- 
 mirable skill and coolness, saved the balance of his 
 company. Capt. Bailey and Second Lieut. Timothy 
 Lynch were taken prisoners. Capt. Rauert and many 
 men of companies "E" and "F" escaped being 
 taken by the rebels. 
 
 We should be pleased to transcribe the letters writ- 
 ten by Maj. Otis, Capt. Morse and Lieut. Granger, of 
 this sad day's fight, but the plan of this work will not 
 admit. We have relied upon them for the facts. The 
 regiment counted as the loss of that day, one hundred 
 and eighty-two men in killed, wounded and missing. 
 
DANIEL D. MASH. 
 
 Major.lOOthN.YS.Vols. 
 
One Hundredth W. Y. S. Vohmteers. 67 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE CONDUCT OP GEN. CASEY'S DIVISION AS GIVEN BY COL. 
 DAVIS OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH PENNSYL- 
 VANIA. ITS REPUTATION SUSTAINED. ITS LOSSES 
 
 PROVE ITS BRAVERY. THE LONG HOURS IT HELD THE 
 
 ENEMY IN CHECK SHOWS ITS STUBBORN COURAGE. — ITS 
 DEFEAT BY OVERWHELMING NUMBERS. THE CON- 
 DUCT OF GENS. CASEY AND NAGLEE. THEIR BRAV- 
 ERY AND ENTHUSIASM. THE BATTLE FIELD. THE 
 
 BURIAL OF THE DEAD AND CAKE OF "WOUNDED. 
 
 The conduct of Casey's division at Fair Oaks has 
 been severely and most unjusQ/y criticised. And here 
 we wish to give the opinion of Col. Davis of the One 
 Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, who had com- 
 manded the brigade to which the One Hundredth was 
 attached before the assignment of Gen. Naglee, and 
 whose opportunities of 'knowing facts and acmses were 
 ample, relative to the action of Casey's division on 
 that sanguinary day. Gen. McClellan's telegraphic re- 
 port stated that it gave way " unaccountably and dis- 
 creditably." This report was made on the strength of 
 information furnished by Gen. Heintzelman the eve- 
 
68 One ffimdredth N. Y. S. VohmteerS. 
 
 ning of the battle. He sent a dispatch about 9 P. M. to 
 McClellan, stating that when he got to the front, " the 
 most of Gen. Casey's Division had dispersed," and that 
 he " saw no reason why we should have been driven 
 back." So far as Gen. Heintzelman is concerned, it 
 may be asked whether he was in a position to judge 
 of the conduct of Casey's division. I do not think he 
 was. He was not on the field where the heavy fight- 
 ing was done that afternoon. His headquarters were 
 several miles in the rear, toward "White Oak Swamp, 
 and by reason of delay, the request for reinforcements 
 did not reach him until about 3 P. M., and it was 5 
 P. M. when his advance arrived at our then front. 
 
 " The battle had then been progressing four hours, 
 and was nearly over ; the enemy was in possession of 
 the camps of both Casey's and Couch's divisions, and 
 the troops of Heintzelman did not get nearer than 
 half a mile of the grounds on which Casey fought for 
 two hours before he was driven back. By 5 P. M. 
 he had his headquarters established in the yard at Mr. 
 Savage's house, three miles from the field, where a 
 part of his staff, at least, remained the afternoon ; and 
 admitting that he went as far toward the front as his 
 troops, which is not often the case with corps com- 
 manders, he was not in a very good position to judge 
 why Casey 'was driven back.' Neither he nor his 
 troops saw the most stubborn fighting of the day. 
 Heintzelman has the reputation of being the enemy 
 of Gen. Casey, a reason, with many, why he could not 
 see how he came to be ' driven back.' The official 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8, Vohmteers. 69 
 
 report tells why, it says : ' The enemy came on in a 
 heavy force, attacking Gen. Casey simultaneously in 
 front and on both flanks.' Gen. Naglee's brigade, 
 with the batteries of Gen. Casey's division, which Gen, 
 Naglee directed, struggled gallantly to maintain the 
 redoubt and rifle pits against the overwhelming mas- 
 ses of the enemy. They were reinforced by one regi- 
 ment from Gen. Peck's brigade. The left of this 
 position was, however, soon turned, and a sharp cross 
 fire opened upon the gunners and the men in the rifle 
 pits ; some of the guns in the redoubt were taken, and 
 the whole line was driven back upon the position oc- 
 cupied by Gen. Couch. Gen. McClellan, very clearly 
 answers the question : Casey's division ' was driven 
 back by the overwhelming masses of the enemy.' If 
 Gen. Hintzelman had made proper inquiry of those 
 who knew, he would not have had occasion to send 
 that unjust dispatch. Gen. McClellan corrected his 
 first erroneous impression of the conduct of Casey's 
 division, but so far as I am informed, Heintzelman 
 never has. If more testimony were required on the 
 point we have it in the return of the casualties of that 
 day. The total loss is five thousand seven hundred 
 and thirty-seven, of which Keyes' corps, consisting of 
 the divisions of Casey and Couch, sustained three thou- 
 sand one hundred and twenty, while the loss of all the 
 rest of the army was but two thousand six hundred 
 and seventeen. Casey's weak division alone sustained 
 a loss of about seventeen hundred, one-third of the en- 
 tire casualties on that bloody day. 
 
70 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 " These facts speak for themselves, and an unpreju- 
 diced public can determine whether there was a reason 
 for the division giving way. Gen. Heintzelman 'saw 
 no reason, 1 because he was not in the proper place to 
 see it. The losses are evidence that the division did 
 not retire without making proper resistance. That 
 night Heintzelman took a train at Savage's Station 
 and went down to Cold Harbor to visit the General- 
 in-Chief. 
 
 " If other evidence is wanting it is fortunately at 
 hand. It comes from those who were then our ene- 
 mies, and their testimony is supposed to be at least dis- 
 interested. Col. Switzer, of Gen. McClellan's staff, 
 who had charge of the exchange of prisoners on James 
 river, in the fall of 1862, says, that in a conversation 
 with Maj. Gen. Hill, who commanded the rebel ad- 
 vance at ' Seven Pines,' or Fair Oaks, he asked that 
 general's opinion respecting the conduct of Gen. Casey's 
 troops in that fight. Gen. Hill said : ' I know Gen. 
 Casey's division has been censured, but we are sur- 
 prised at it. The division fought as well as I ever 
 want to see men fight, and after it gave way before 
 our superior numbers, we had nothing more to fight.' 
 "What further testimony can one desire? Justice is 
 done. In closing, Col. Davis pays a just tribute to 
 Gens. Casey and JTaglee. The former sat on his iron 
 gray horse, on the Williamsburg road, in the thickest 
 of the fight, encouraging his troops. He was right up 
 at the front where division commanders do not always 
 go. In his exposed situation it was a miracle how he 
 
One Hkmcbredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 71 
 
 escaped the storm of bullets. Naglee was everywhere. 
 He is a sort of thunderbolt in battle. He was away 
 on the extreme right of our lines when the volley of 
 the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania announced 
 that the battle had begun on the left. He came dash- 
 ing toward us through field and wood to be with his 
 brigade. In the warmest of the contest he dashed by 
 the regiment, cap in hand, the men giving him three 
 hearty cheers, and passed toward the left. He was now 
 seen directing a battery, now rallying a regiment, and 
 until the battle ended he was in the midst of it wher- 
 ever he could be of service. These two officers retain, 
 in a large degree, the confidence and esteem of the 
 men who served under them." 
 
 "We have given these words of Col. Davis, relative 
 to the much mooted question of the conduct of Gen. 
 Casey's division on the 31st of May ; first, because we 
 wish to place on record in this unpretentious volume, 
 the most reliable and truthful exposition of a matter 
 involving the bravery and patriotism of so large a 
 number of loyal and courageous men ; and secondly, 
 that the friends of the regiment and the cause might 
 know at this late hour and date, the unprejudiced story 
 of a division of martyrs that for hours sustained almost 
 alone the shock of nearly thirty thousand rebel soldiers. 
 That sorrowful night the regiment encamped on 
 the very ground it had occupied one week before. 
 About two hundred and ten men had been collected, 
 and lay resting upon their arms. The regiment had 
 lost its camp equipage and baggage, and the officers 
 
1% One JBimdredth JST. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 most of their personal effects. Details were ordered 
 to the battle field to identify and bury the dead. The 
 day was hot and sultry ; says an eye witness : " Never 
 can the recollection of that field be effaced from the 
 memory of those who witnessed it on that day. The 
 weather being extremely hot, with frequent showers, 
 the dead had become bloated and swollen, until their 
 clothes could scarcely contain them; the blood still 
 oozing from gaping wounds, the ground saturated with 
 gore ; flies in myriads swarmed around ; dead horses 
 with saddles and harness unfastened ; broken guns, 
 remains of camps, with the food cooked for Saturday's 
 dinner untouched ; the air polluted with stifling odors 
 arising from decomposing bodies ; wounded men in 
 the agonies of death, all tended to make the heart 
 sick and the soul shudder at the sight." 
 
 The dead were buried and the wounded cared for 
 as well as the limited means of surgeons and friends 
 could command. The news of the Fair Oaks slaughter 
 shook with grief thousands of homes. Parental solici- 
 tude tended to the extreme of pain and agony. War 
 with its dark and bloody cloud hung over the Nation, 
 and the victims demanded would cover the land in 
 sackcloth, and fill it with wailings and mournings. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 73 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE REBELS ATTACK THE " EXCELSIOR BRIGADE." GEN. 
 
 M'CLELLAN VISITS THE TROOPS. BRIGADE INSPECTION. 
 
 WEATHER RAINY AND COLD. A REAR MOVEMENT 
 
 COMMENCED. RAID OP THE REBELS. BATTLE OF 
 
 " OAK GROVE." BATTLE OP MECHANICSVTLLE. BAT- 
 TLE OP " GAINES' PARM." — M'CLELLAN CHANGES BASE 
 
 TO JAMES RIVER. GEN. NAGLEE IN COMMAND OP 
 
 REAR-GTTARD. THE RETREAT COMMENCED. BRIDGE 
 
 DESTROYED. THE REBELS EST PURSUIT. 
 
 At 5 A. M.. Sunday, June 1st, the rebels made 
 an attack in front upon the "Excelsior Brigade," 
 and were repulsed, with great loss on both sides, 
 after two hours' hard fighting. Heavy firing in 
 the distance on our right and left fronts. Gen. Mc- 
 Clellan rode through the lines eliciting rounds of ap- 
 plause. He says : " If we will hold them twenty-four 
 hours he will be in Richmond." About 1 A. M. 
 ordered under arms at daybreak, as the enemy are 
 concentrating on our left. 
 
 Monday, June 2d, encamped in the woods. The 
 men dirty, hungry and lame, and afflicted with the 
 4 
 
74 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 right of a soldier's crossness. Three days since the 
 great battle, and waiting momentarily for another. 
 Orders for a brigade inspection. Came back to camp 
 about dark. Commenced to rain, and rained all 
 night. 
 
 "Wednesday, the 4th of June, the whole division 
 was ordered under arms for a march back to the 
 Chickahominy near Bottom's bridge. Kegiment got 
 ready, Lieut. Col. Staunton in command, and moved. 
 It rained as it can rain in " Old Virginia." It in- 
 creased and continued till 10 P. M. 
 
 We arrived at the rifle pits, near the right bank of 
 the Chickahominy, after a very severe and trying 
 march through deep mud, a terrible rain, fording the 
 stream with water under the arm pits ; and more than 
 all, feeling the mortification of falling back to the 
 rear of the whole army, after having stood at the 
 front, crushed by five times our number, resisting to 
 the death, thereby saving the army. 
 
 The brigade was stretched from the rifle pits to Bot- 
 tom's bridge. The men lay down to sleep without a 
 particle of shelter from the storm, except such as the 
 bushes and trees afforded. There was neither mur- 
 mur nor complaint. The men exhibited a spirit of 
 fortitude alike creditable to the service and the regi- 
 ment. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania lay on our 
 right and the Eleventh Maine on our left. Lieut. Col. 
 Staunton found his trunk, mess chest and bed, and 
 ordered them sent to the regiment. 
 
 There were always characters in every regiment — 
 
One Hundredth JST. Y. S. Volunteers. 75 
 
 odd characters, yet without r^al reliable characters. 
 The latter unfortunately was the case with William 
 Taylor, of Co. "G." He was lazy, and the government 
 could not afford to feed him, nor tolerate his example. 
 He was six feet three inches high, far through his 
 pants and coat sleeves ; government shoes- were not of 
 the requisite proportions to meet his wants, and hence 
 the order was given to drum him out of camp to the 
 tune of the rogue's march. The regiment was drawn 
 up in line, and then and there did "William Taylor 
 pass in review, with a much worn straw hat to cover 
 his head of shocked hair, and that wo-begone counte- 
 nance of abstraction which says, " What next." He left 
 for parts unknown. 
 
 The officers and men felt badly relative to the first 
 dispatch of Gen. McClellan, of the battle of the 31st 
 of May. Later the clouds cleared and the right pre- 
 vailed. , Whole number of men for duty, four hundred 
 and seventy-five. Capt. Charles E. Morse reported 
 for duty, having been left sick at Warwick Court 
 House. 
 
 June 7th. Cold, damp and chilly, though the regi- 
 ment is doing its share of guard and fatigue duty. 
 
 Sunday, June 8th. Firing on the right. Dr. O. F. 
 Presbrey and John Wilkeson, Esq., came into camp. 
 Keligious services were held. Chaplain of the Fifty- 
 second Pennsylvania officiated. 
 
 Monday, June 9th. Held a regimental inspection. 
 Five hundred and one men, including sick and those 
 detailed for camp service. Weather damp, with cold 
 
76 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 wind. Monday commenced to rain, and continued 
 cold and very disagreeable, all of which proved fatal to 
 Gen. McOlellan's proposed advance. Maj. Otis' horse 
 strayed away. Commenced drilling for the first time 
 since the battle. Enemy hovering in force on our left. 
 "Weather warm. Orders to be ready to march at a 
 moment's notice. Gen. Naglee made a reconnoissance 
 on the left and found the rebels in large force. Troops 
 are arriving in large numbers all along the line every 
 hour. 
 
 Heavy guns opened rapidly on the right about sun- 
 rise, Friday, June 13th, and continued for two hours. 
 The rebels made a raid with about two hundred men 
 over the Chickahominy and destroyed a station house, 
 tore up some track, took a few prisoners and left. It 
 was conducted by the rebel general J. E. B. Stuart, of 
 cavalry fame, more for information than advantage. 
 
 Sunday, June 15th, Lieut. Col. Staunton was ordered 
 to send two hundred men over the Chickahominy to 
 guard the wagons till sunrise. Maj. Otis was in com- 
 mand. Lyman B. Smith arrived in camp. "Weather 
 cold and rainy. The whole country a vast swamp, 
 while the roads appear as streams of lava, almost im- 
 passable. The elements work against the Army of the 
 Potomac. 
 
 There was a lull in military matters for a few days, 
 and the army had opportunity for rest, when off guard 
 duty. The Eleventh Maine moved camp. Heard 
 from Capt. Moore, in Richmond, who was wounded in 
 the left shoulder severely. 
 
One Swndredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 77 
 
 Had first dress parade, June 19th. 
 
 Thursday, June 20th. Paymaster Dixon arrived, 
 and commenced to pay off the troops. Second Lieut. 
 Warren Granger, Jr., promoted to First Lieutenant in 
 place of Lieut. Wilkeson, killed, June 20th, 1862. 
 Charles Shaffer, First Sergeant, promoted to Second 
 Lieutenant, June 20th, 1862. 
 
 June 23d. Col. Staunton and Dr. Murray went to 
 " White House " to express money for the regiment. 
 Continued till dark. Slept on board boat. Returned 
 to regiment next day. 
 
 Gen. Naglee desired, and urged the reorganization 
 of the regiment by consolidation. Firing on the right 
 every day. The battle of " Oak Grove " was fought 
 June 25th and 26th. Maj. Otis was ordered to super- 
 intend the construction of a redoubt, to mount five 
 guns. 
 
 June 28th. The regiment was cent on picket and 
 as supports. The rebels were repulsed at Mechanics- 
 ville. The Nationals were left masters of the situa- 
 tion. The advantage was not followed up, as Gen. 
 McClellan had decided to change his base and by a 
 flank movement reach the James river and cooperate 
 with Commander Rodgers of the gunboat Galena. 
 
 All wagons came across the Chickahominy, on the 
 night of the 27th. Stonewall Jackson is on the ground, 
 while the authorities at Washington think him in the 
 Shenandoah valley. He is ubiquitous. The Na- 
 tionals are attacked at once, and the battle at " Gaines' 
 Mills " resulted disastrously to our arms, though Fitz 
 
78 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 John Porter fought with desperation against great 
 odds. 
 
 Kegiment ordered under arms at dark, and worked 
 on redoubt at the bridge. Six guns were mounted. 
 The order had been given to fly to the James river 
 and not to fight. Droves of horses, troops,- wagons 
 and cattle crossed the bridge, and it was then destroyed 
 by order of Gen. Heintzelman. Gen. McClellan was 
 at Savage's Station all day superintending the move- 
 ment which commenced at an early hour. The retreat 
 was accomplished with secrecy and dispatch. Gen. 
 Lee was deceived. 
 
 Gen. Naglee had command of the rear-guard; and 
 a brigade that had interposed itself between the main 
 body of the National army on the 31st of May and 
 the Confederate forces so heroically, was now placed in 
 the position of honor. They had been tried, defamed, 
 sustained and applauded, and now were the trusted 
 hundreds to guard the shattered columns of a once un- 
 broken army. After the battle of " Gaines' Farm " a 
 legion of stragglers arrived from the battle fields. 
 Gen. Naglee was informed, and asked what should be 
 done with them. He replied, " Send them to Hemtzel- 
 man, and tell hvm they are not Waglee's men this time." 
 
 Lieut. Kodney B. Smith, of Co. " H," was reported 
 missing after the battle of " Gaines' Farm," and is sup- 
 posed to have been killed, or taken prisoner and died, 
 as no tidings have ever reached the regiment or friends 
 of his fate. 
 
 Part of the One Hundredth remained as reserves be- 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 79 
 
 tween Bottom's bridge and the railroad all day, the 
 29th, in a state of painful suspense, not knowing 
 whether the battle then raging at Savage's Station was 
 a success or defeat. The rebels were in sight. Pick- 
 ets ordered in at 5 P. M. Naglee stood on the defen- 
 sive. The Eleventh Maine destroyed the railroad 
 bridge. At Savage's Station a train of cars, loaded 
 with ammunition, was started at 7 P. M., with slow 
 matches applied, so that, at its plunging into the river, 
 the explosion would be instantaneous. It was started, 
 and exploded as it descended, with a roar indescriba- 
 ble. At the same time the enemy was engaged with 
 our rear-guard, the main body was changing base to 
 the James river. 
 
80 One Hundredth if. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 SICK AND WOUNDED LEFT AT SAVAGE'S STATION BY OBDEE 
 OF GEN. m'cLELLAN. — THE AEMT HAD CHANGED 
 FRONT AND WAS STILL MOVING TO JAMES RIVEB. 
 
 SURGEON KITTENGEB LEFT "WITH THE WOUNDED 
 
 AND TAKEN PRISONER. — GEN. NAGLEE STILL HOLDS 
 POSITION IN COMMAND OF THE REAR-GUARD. REB- 
 ELS IN PURSUIT. — THEY ATTEMPT TO STOEM THE 
 
 NATIONAL BATTERIES ON MALVERN HILLS. THEY 
 
 ARE REPULSED WITH TERRIBLE LOSS. 
 
 Gen. McClellan had issued an order that the sick 
 and wounded men who could not march should be left 
 at Savage's Station with surgeons, rations, and medi- 
 cal stores, to fall into the hands of the Confederates. 
 He ordered all ambulances to depart empty. In con- 
 sequence of this extraordinary order, hundreds of men 
 were destined to languish in rebel prisons that might 
 have been spared that terrible ordeal of suffering. The 
 army had changed front. The enemy was thunder- 
 ing at its rear. McClellan had twenty-four hours the 
 start. The bridge was hardly destroyed ere the ene- 
 my's skirmishers were upon its opposite banks. Their 
 
One Hwa&redih JV. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 81 
 
 batteries were ran up and opened upon our retreating 
 forces. The effect was terrific. For a little time our 
 men thought the whole rebel army was upon them. 
 The fright came near a panic and a rout, but was 
 checked by the cool action of a few settled regiments 
 with decisive commanders. The retreat was fairly 
 commenced. In the interval Surg. Kittenger, of the 
 One Hundredth Regiment, had established a hospital 
 in a dwelling on the Newmarket road about half 
 way to "Brackett's Ford." Two hundred wounded 
 were received there for treatment. The wounds were 
 generally very severe. Hundreds of stragglers col- 
 lected around this hospital and spent the night. With 
 great difficulty the doctor persuaded one hundred and 
 fifty to leave next morning at sunrise for the James 
 river. The remainder refused, and were made prison- 
 ers. It was a shameful exhibition of cowardice and 
 demoralization on the part of our troops. At 9 A. M., 
 Stonewall Jackson, with his army marching by the 
 flank, passed along. Such was the discipline main- 
 tained that the men were not allowed to leave ranks 
 to get water from the well. Dr. Kittenger remained 
 with the wounded and was taken prisoner. When 
 Stonewall Jackson arrived at the hospital he expressed 
 astonishment to see so few stragglers, and asked the 
 doctor what had become of them. He did not know 
 that they reached the James river in advance of the 
 army. With a victorious enemy thundering at our 
 heels the rear was no place for them. Jackson was in 
 
 plain clothes with sword and sash as the only signs of 
 4* 
 
82 One Hundredth iT. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 rank about him. He led his men on foot. The posi- 
 tion of Naglee's brigade was critical. Not a sentinel 
 between the two armies to give notice of the approach 
 of the enemy. Two gnns threw occasional shots to 
 notify the rebels that we still held the ground. The 
 rebels, with Jefferson Davis and Stonewall Jackson to 
 lead them, expected to bag and capture the National 
 army. They were busily engaged rebuilding the 
 bridges. 
 
 Naglee and his little command was still the rear- 
 guard that interposed between our retiring columns 
 and the pursuing' enemy. He was ordered to follow 
 at 10 P. M. At that hour he took up his line of 
 march, as he supposed, with his whole brigade, but he 
 took with him only a part of it, the Eleventh Maine, 
 Fifty-second Pennsylvania and a portion of the One 
 Hundredth New York Eegiments, leaving the Fifty- 
 sixth New York and the remainder of the One Hun- 
 dredth New York and One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania Eegiments on the field doing sentinel 
 duty. Naglce did not discover the mistake till he had 
 marched several miles ; to return was impossible. 
 The roads were blocked with troops. What remained 
 of the brigade declined to move without orders. Al- 
 most within the very jaws of the enemy it still held 
 its post. It is hard to tell how long they might have 
 remained in this dangerous position had not a staff 
 officer of Gen. Franklin informed them that the troops 
 had left four hours before, and expressed his surprise 
 that they had not followed. It was now 2 o'clock on 
 
One Hundredth -N~. Y. S. Volunteers. 83 
 
 the morning of the 1st of July. Col. YanWyck as- 
 sumed command, and the march commenced. The 
 wrong road was taken and the command was march- 
 ing toward the enemy. The Colonel countermarched 
 and hastened in. The column was overtaken . by a 
 mounted officer who advised them to " hurry up," as 
 the enemy were near and would attack at daylight. 
 Several of the officers and men were too sick to march, 
 but to fall behind was to ensure capture. Conse- 
 quently there was no stragghng among Naglee's men. 
 They reached Malvern Hills, stacked arms, lay down 
 to rest, as they had marched fifteen miles ; and within 
 an hour the fire of the advance of the rebels could be 
 heard as they drove in our pickets. The rear-guard of 
 Gen. Naglee's rear-guard was saved. They had suf- 
 fered an intensity of anguish, as those only can appre- 
 ciate who have been left through mistake within the 
 reach of an advancing foe. The writer can well sym- 
 pathize with those officers and men, and knows with 
 what joy that staff officer was hailed, as one was hailed 
 on a similar occasion and on a similar errand. Such 
 episodes, even amid the stern realities of war, are 
 never forgotten. 
 
 Our forces were advantageously posted on Malvern 
 Hills. Numerous batteries were in position. The 
 gunboat Galena was positioned for an enfilading fire. 
 Gen. Lee resolved to carry Malvern Hills by storm, 
 and drive the invaders into the James. Left, right 
 and center were tried. His troops were repeatedly 
 massed and forced to the slaughter, and as repeatedly 
 
84 One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 they recoiled in dismay and disorder. Lee led an- 
 other assault on the tier on tier of batteries, grimly 
 Visible on the plateau, and at 7 P. M., from the dark 
 pine forest they came at double quick, with yelling 
 shouts, but as one brigade recoiled another was pushed 
 forward with a culpable recklessness of human life, 
 which continued till 9 P. M., when the Confederates 
 were driven to the shelter of ravines, woods and 
 swamps, utterly broken and despairing. It was a sav- 
 ing of the "Army of the Potomac." Most officers 
 expected an advance. The rebek were shattered al- 
 most to annihilation, but instead came the order to 
 fall back still farther and take up position at Harri- 
 son's landing on the James river. The army stores 
 destroyed at the White House were immense. The 
 "White House itself did not escape the fiery flames. 
 Such quantities of elegant new tents, nice beds for the 
 sick, fine liquors and wines, cordials and medicines, 
 oranges, lemons, beef, corn, whisky ; immense quanti- 
 ties of hay ; boxes on boxes of clothing, and every- 
 thing conceivable for use and comfort were committed 
 to the destroying element. All those, with the large 
 supply of munitions of war, were consumed. The 
 devastation, according to the usages of war, was com- 
 plete, while the sick and wounded were turned over 
 to the tender mercies of an enemy that had not learned 
 to feel that their own kinship might need care and at- 
 tention when as prisoners they were found in our hands. 
 The enemy offered no assistance to the wounded 
 until the 4th of July, nor did he send food to the hos- 
 
JOHN WILKESON.JUN. 
 
 I« Lieut, and Brevet Captain.l001fRe|iN-YS.Vo!s. 
 
One Hwndredth If. T. S. Volunteers. 85 
 
 pital until the 5th, when some bacon, a little flour and 
 hard bread were received. 
 
 On the 11th of July they were removed to Rich- 
 mond. The troops, hungry and exhausted, were kept 
 constantly in motion to protect the immense wagon 
 train and make sure their position on the James. The 
 roads were mortar beds, and crowded with men,wagons, 
 mules and baggage. What could not be carried was 
 thrown into the mud. "Where the mud was too deep 
 to cross mattresses were taken from the hospital 
 wagons for the purpose. Thousands of dollars of val- 
 uable and useful baggage were thus destroyed. Maj. 
 Otis had charge, as officer of the day, of the pickets 
 and a working party in the swamp. The remainder 
 of the regiment was waked and moved one and a half 
 miles on high ground in a wheat field. 
 
 "Wednesday, July 2d. Rained all night. 
 
 Thursday, July 3d. Men wet and cold. Regiment 
 ordered back to the brigade in line of battle. Lay on 
 arms till night. At dark the brigade moved off 
 to the left toward James river, and encamped on dry 
 ground. 
 
One Himcbredth JW. Y. 8. Volunteers. 87 
 
 tyrs at the front and the heroes of the rear-guard were 
 silent. 
 
 Harrison's landing, or bar, is about twenty-five 
 miles below Richmond, and within easy communica- 
 tion with Fortress Monroe. The army occupied a line 
 of heights about two miles from the river with a 
 length of front of nearly three miles. For three weeks 
 the whole force was employed constructing redoubts, 
 entrenchments and rifle pits. The men knew no rest 
 until the position was entirely secure. Gen. Naglee's 
 brigade was on the left, extending part of the way from 
 the front line down to the river. The camps were 
 pitched in the timber, all the brush having been 
 cleared away. Digging rifle pits, wood chopping and 
 details for picket were exhausting the men. 
 
 Tuesday, July 8jth. .President Lincoln was to visit 
 the troops. Under arms to receive him in a suitable 
 manner. Failed to come and sent regrets. 
 
 Wednesday, July 9th. Lieut. Col. Staunton mus- 
 tered the regiment for pay. Laid out camp anew and 
 in regular order. 
 
 Thursday, July 10th. The regiment was ordered 
 into line, and a communication was read from the 
 Common Council of the city of Buffalo, calling for a 
 copy of the rolls of the One Hundredth Regiment and 
 a full list of the killed, wounded and missing, to be 
 deposited in the archives of the city, and that the 
 mayor convey to the commanding officer of the regi- 
 ment the thanks of this Common Council for the hero- 
 ism and bravery manifested by them in the recent 
 
88 One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 battle of " Fair Oaks," and to assure them that their 
 fellow citizens at home feel proud of the regiment and 
 of its conduct on the 31st of May, 1 862. An order also 
 was read from Gen. McClellan, together with an ad- 
 dress to the army, making amends for that unjust dis- 
 patch relative to Casey's division. Bain, and regi- 
 ment under arms fearing an attack. 
 
 Sunday, July 13th. A communication was re- 
 ceived from Gen. Lee that nothing is known of the 
 fate of Col. Brown. The note, with explanations, was 
 sent to Gov. Morgan. Muster rolls sent to Mayor 
 Fargo in accordance with the request of the Common 
 Council of the city of Buffalo. 
 
 Wednesday, July 16th. The regiment was ordered 
 for inspection by Gen. Emory. Indications of the 
 enemy hovering about. The One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania sent on picket. 
 
 As division officer of the day, Col. Staunton visited 
 all the picket lines. A tempest of thunder, lightning 
 and rain. The weather was warm. The recent expo- 
 sures of picket and fatigue duty, with the results of the 
 advance and retreat, were seen in the squads, at sick 
 call, of pale, emaciated men, drooping and dying from 
 disease, wounds, and too often unintentional neglect. 
 
 Tuesday, July 22d. Gen. Keyes and staff inspected 
 the regiment at 11 A. M. The regiment did not ap- 
 pear well and the General was not pleased. Capt. 
 Charles Henshaw, of Co. " K," resigned July 20th. 
 Regiment went out to support pickets. Regiment 
 relieved by Gen. Ferry's brigade. Eegimental, bri- 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 89 
 
 gade and division drills were instituted. Part of the 
 time the heat was so oppressive that the men fainted 
 in the ranks. It seemed to be the delight of general 
 officers, in their great desire for discipline, to crush 
 what vitality remained in the Army of the Potomac 
 that had not been reached by battle, march and ex- 
 posure. 
 
 The rebels caused an alarm in camp on the evening 
 of July 31st, by bringing down a battery or two on 
 the opposite side of the river and opening upon our 
 camps and shipping at midnight. Regiment ordered 
 under arms and into the rifle pits. Our gunboats re- 
 plied and soon silenced him. Additional works were 
 constructed. Dr. Kittenger returned from Richmond 
 a few days before. Dr. Sanford B. Hunt had visited 
 the camp. Ool. Davis, who was wounded at the bat- 
 tle of Fair Oaks, rejoined his Tegiment, the One Hun- 
 dred and Fourth Pennsylvania, on the evening of the 
 31st of July. Capt. Rodgers had been in command, 
 and the Colonel found his regiment in a much better 
 condition than he had a right to expect after its hard- 
 ships and sufferings in common with the rest of Gen. 
 Naglee's brigade. The strength of the One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment at this time, including all, was fif- 
 teen officers and four hundred and thirty-six men — 
 less than half the number that left the city of Buffalo, 
 March 7th, nearly four short months before. The 
 regiment thus reduced in numbers must be recruited 
 or consolidated. One or the other alternative must 
 be accepted. The Commercial Advertiser and Buf- 
 
90 One Himdredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 falo Express of this city put forth patriotic appeals to 
 the citizens that the identity of the regiment be kept 
 intact ; that its ranks be filled at once, as a pride and 
 a duty. The appeals were not unheeded. Maj. Otis, 
 writing to a friend in this city, says : " I hope that 
 the regiment will be recruited without delay. I de- 
 sire nothing for myself that will not benefit the regi- 
 ment. The matter of being a soldier is becoming 
 more serious every day. The mere making place for 
 or the preventing of certain persons from obtaining 
 positions, is not the spirit that is needed to bring this 
 unfortunate contest to a successful termination. They 
 must all yield to the noble and higher motives of the 
 preservation of our glorious Union." 
 
 Gen. Peck continued to drill the men till many 
 succumbed to the sun's fiery ordeal. On the 4th of 
 August Gen. Hooker was sent out with his division 
 on a reconnoissance, and to make a demonstration to 
 Malvern Hills. He succeeded in flanking the ene- 
 my's position and compelling him to fall back. The 
 hills were occupied by our troops. 
 
 August 5th. Second Lieut. James W. Simpson, of 
 Co. " D," resigned. Everything indicated a move. 
 
 Sunday, August 10th. Orders came to march at 2 
 P. M., Monday, with two days* rations. Knapsacks 
 and officers' extra baggage sent off on transports. All 
 ready, packed, but no move, neither day nor night. 
 Capt. John Nicholson, of Co. " C," and Capt. Charles 
 E. Morse, of Co. " I," with the necessary sergeants 
 and men were sent to Buffalo on recruiting service for 
 
One Hundredth JY. Y. S. Voltmteers. 91 
 
 the regiment. Capt. P. Edwin Dye, of Co. " H," was 
 also home on sick leave, to assist as soon as able, but 
 he was confined till September with typhoid malarial 
 fever. In the meantime the Board of Trade, of 
 Buffalo, by resolution July 29th, 1862, adopted the 
 One Hundredth Regiment, and with the enthusiasm 
 already awakened to preserve the unity of the regi- 
 ment, together with the inducements then offered of a 
 State bounty of fifty dollars, and one half of the 
 United States bounty of one hundred dollars, with 
 two dollars for each recruit, the work of adding to the 
 numbers of the regiment proceeded rapidly and fa- 
 vorably. 
 
 Lieut. Charles E. Walbridge, of Co. "H," who had 
 with credit and success performed the arduous duties 
 of quartermaster, was at last obliged to yield and be 
 sent to the hospital at Point Lookout, Maryland, for 
 treatment of fever, then prevailing to an alarming ex- 
 tent throughout the command. 
 
 By act of Congress all bands, enlisted as regimental 
 bands, were to be mustered out at once, and this just 
 at a time when the worn and afflicted soldiery needed 
 the inspiring and inspiriting influences of music more 
 than at any other period of their service. Millions of 
 dollars of government property could be destroyed by 
 military order, that contractors might replace the same 
 with profit, but the enlivening strains of music to keep 
 in heart and spirits a dying soldiery must be denied 
 them. " Trees when cut off may grow again ; men, 
 
92 One Hundredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 Orders to move came. The wagons were loaded 
 and moved. Ordered to march at 4 P. M. 
 
 Friday, August 15th. Moved two miles and stopped. 
 Maj. Otis detailed with three companies to guard am- 
 munition train. Lay on arms all night. 
 
One HwriAredih N. Y. S. Volunteers. 93 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE RETURN MABCH STILL CONTINUES. — KNAPSACKS ON 
 
 CANAL BOAT SUNK. PISHED OUT, BUT SPOILED. 
 
 MOVED THROUGH WILLIAMSBURG. HALTED AND MUS- 
 TERED THE AEMT. ARRIVAL AT YORKTOWN. OR- 
 DERED TO GLOUCESTER POINT. CAPT. MORSE WITH 
 
 RECRUITS FROM BUFFALO. ONE HUNDRED AND 
 
 FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA WITHIN THE FORT. — ONE 
 HUNDREDTH NEW TOEK ENCAMPED WITHOUT THE 
 FORT. — COL. STAUNTON IN CHARGE OF WORKING PAR- 
 TIES. COL. DAVIS ON A EECONNOISSANCE. 
 
 Started at 3 A. M., Saturday, August, 16th. Fell 
 into column at daylight and moved by Gen. Keyes' 
 headquarters a little past sunrise. The whole army 
 in motion. An immense wagon train. Outside of 
 entrenchments and in an enemy's country, with a valu- 
 able train. Marched eight miles and bivouacked in 
 order of battle, in a corn field. Boasted corn was not 
 neglected. Men ordered under arms one hour before 
 daybreak. 
 
 Sunday, had a very hard march. Crossed the Chick- 
 ahominy at its mouth on a ponton bridge twenty-two 
 
94 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 hundred feet long. The knapsacks of Naglee's brigade 
 had been placed on a canal boat at Harrison's landing 
 and the boat sunk before leaving. They were fished up, 
 and in this wet state put on board another boat and 
 towed to Yorktown. They were ruined and condemn- 
 ed, still after the proper representations, the men were 
 not indemnified for their losses. Many officers lost 
 their baggage. It was the second time in four months 
 they had been stripped, save that in which they stood. 
 Halted two hours after crossing Ohickahominy. Had 
 marched fourteen miles. At 2 P. M., moved and 
 marched about two miles and encamped in a large 
 field on a plantation, within four miles of "Williams- 
 burg. 
 
 Monday, August 18th. The march was severe. 
 Passed through Williamsburg and over the battle 
 ground without halting, but with despairing hearts. 
 Two months before we passed through the town, a con- 
 quering and exultant army, now our backs were to- 
 ward a city which we had confidently hoped to have 
 entered long ere that hour. 
 
 Encamped at 3 P. M. four miles beyond "Williams- 
 burg. The army must be mustered for pay, and was 
 halted for the duty. Col. Staunton was detailed to 
 muster the Eighty-first New York Eegiment. Fin- 
 ished after dark. Lay quiet till morning. In con- 
 nection with the muster the army was inspected. 
 Remained all day the 19th. An immense wagon train 
 and troops moving constantly. Indications are that 
 the One Hundredth will be in the condition of rear- 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 95 
 
 guard again. Moved camp half mile to a more 6hady 
 spot. 
 
 Marched at 6 A. M., "Wednesday, Aug. 20th, and ar- 
 rived at Yorktown at 11 A. M. Halted twenty minutes 
 and moved on three miles and encamped on a bluff 
 overlooking York river. 
 
 The movement for so large a body of troops was 
 well arranged. The trains when drawn out, extended 
 forty miles. At Torktown, Fortress Monroe, and 
 Newport News, transports were in waiting to convey 
 the bulk of the army to Alexandria. And by the 
 23d of August the whole of the Army of the Potomac 
 had sailed except Sumner's corps and Peck's division 
 of Keyes' corps. The same day Gen. MeClellan and 
 staff embarked for Alexandria, where he arrived on 
 the 24th, to find himself not only without an army, 
 but without a command. 
 
 As subordinate officers knew nothing, only as com- 
 municated in orders from superiors,the men and officers 
 of the One Hundredth were fixing themselves for a long 
 stay, when orders came to pack up and be off by the 
 way of Yorktown to Gloucester Point on the oppo- 
 site side of York river. Maj. Otis continued on with 
 three companies to Fortress Monroe as guard to 
 ammunition train. The Major parked his train and 
 rode to the Fortress. Saw many returned prisoners, 
 and listened to their sad stories of suffering and hard 
 treatment. Here the Major met Capt. Charles E. 
 Morse with recruits for the regiment, the first that 
 had been sent since the adoption of the regiment by 
 
96 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 the Board of Trade of the city of Buffalo. The major 
 was ordered to Yorktown. Arrived and reported to 
 the regiment. The command was ready to cross over 
 to Gloucester Point one hour before sunset. As there 
 was no boat the regiment bivouacked for the night on 
 the bluff. At sunrise a boat came and Col. Staunton 
 reported to Col. Davis, One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania, at the fort. The One Hundredth New 
 York relieved the Ninety-eighth New York. Col. 
 Davis at once assigned a spot for the encampment of 
 the One Hundredth, a fine spot outside of the fort, 
 overlooking Yorktown, opposite, the river above and 
 below, as well as some little distance inland on the 
 point. Gen. McClellan had ordered a force over to 
 Gloucester Point to hold that place, which would give 
 us the control of the Peninsula between the York 
 and Severn rivers. Col. "W. W. H. Davis, of the One 
 Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, was selected for 
 this command, and one more acceptable to the shat- 
 tered remnants of the One Hundredth could not have 
 been given. He had been their first brigade com- 
 mander, and had taught and associated with them from 
 the start, and hence, that the ties were not to be 
 broken was to them a boon of no ordinary pleasure. 
 Col. Davis was reinforced by a battery of four three- 
 inch rifle guns under command of Lieut. Mink, a gal- 
 lant young officer. The picket line was established 
 nearly a mile in front of the fort, and extended across 
 the Peninsula from Sarah's creek to York river. The 
 fort was a regular pentagon, and probably the largest 
 
One Himd/redtk iV. T. S. Volvmteers. 97 
 
 earth-work ever built in this country. Following the 
 exterior slope of the ditch the distance around it was 
 about a mile. It occupied nearly the site of the old 
 revolutionary works erected by the British in 1781, 
 and near it were the ruins of the brick house Gen. 
 Tarleton used for a hospital during the siege of York- 
 town by "Washington. When the fort waB evacuated 
 in May, the guns were left in it, but had since been 
 burst. Col. Davis set about putting the fort in thor- 
 ough repair. It was done, though it occupied the com- 
 mand nearly three months. The timber was cleared 
 away for a thousand yards, and as the country was 
 level an enemy's approach would be clearly visible. 
 The camp of the One Hundredth was laid out in regular 
 order, with full and ample space. The finest camp 
 we have had. Capt. Morse arrived with ninety re- 
 cruits, bringing the silk colors presented by the ladies 
 of Le Roy. Lieut. Col. Staunton made a short speech, 
 followed with cheers by the men. The recruits were 
 assigned to the different companies. A large mail 
 arrived, which at any time is a source of great joy to 
 the officers and men. The links that bound them to 
 home and friends, during the marches that had pre- 
 ceded, had seemed broken, but now communication 
 was opened and the tide of social interest flowed 
 in from hosts of hearthstones, so long clouded in grief 
 and gloom. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton was waited upon by a com- 
 mittee of line officers relative to the appointment of a 
 colonel, as in any case it would be an event of great 
 
98 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 interest to all, both officers and men, connected with 
 the regiment. 
 
 As yet food was scarce, regularity of habits and 
 duties was not established. As officer of the day, Col. 
 Staunton visited the picket line, and made the ac- 
 quaintance of a secesh farmer on the line, and got 
 supper for a dollar. "Work on the fort and drilling 
 commenced. A severe tempest swept over the point. 
 The tents with difficulty were held down, as a storm 
 on that low land moves all thingB before it. 
 
 Tuesday, August 26th. A cool and beautiful day. 
 Col. Staunton in charge of working parties. Col. 
 Davis, in company with Lieut. Bowe'n of the Topo- 
 graphical Engineers, and the One Hundred and Fourth, 
 went out on a reconnoissance. They viewed the 
 country, talked with the people, paid for meals pro- 
 vided, and returned to Gloucester Point with a good 
 knowledge of the country and itB military situation. 
 
One Hwthd/redih N. Y. S. Vdhmteers. 99 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE RESULTS OF THE PENINSULAS CAMPAIGN. — : CALL FOE 
 
 THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN FOR THE WAR. 
 
 THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND FOR NINE MONTHS. 
 
 A DRAFT OF AN EQUAL NUMBER. BOARD OF TRADE 
 
 OF BUFFALO SEND RECRUITS. COL. G. B. DANDY 
 
 APPOINTED COLONEL. LIEUT. COL. STAUNTON SENDS 
 
 IN HIS RESIGNATION. "WAR MEETINGS IN BUFFALO. 
 
 ACTION OF PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS. ORDER 
 
 OF SUPT. SACKETT TO PREPARE LINT. — A WHISKY 
 
 MUTINY IN CAMP. IT WAS QUELLED, AND THE 
 
 " LITTLE DISTURBER " ISSUED. 
 
 The disasters of the Peninsular campaign had 
 awakened the people and the government to the neces- 
 sity of a more vigorous prosecution of the war. The 
 loyal Governors of eighteen States signed a request 
 that the President should increase the force. In com- 
 pliance with the request, the President called for three 
 hundred thousand volunteers for the war on the 1st of 
 July, and on the 9th of August, when Pope was strug- 
 gling with Jackson on the Rapid Anna, he called for 
 three hundred thousand men for nine months, and 
 
100 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 that an equal number should be drafted from the great 
 body of the citizens who were over eighteen years of 
 age and under forty-five, if they did not appear as 
 volunteers. 
 
 Old regiments were to be filled with recruits, thereby 
 preserving their identity. The Board of Trade of 
 Buffalo, as stated, had adopted the One Hundredth 
 Begiment, and had voted a large sum of money for 
 military purposes. Becruiting had successfully com- 
 menced. The patriotic war spirit of the city was 
 aroused. Public meetings were held in the several 
 wards ; at the armory on Sabbath, and in front of the 
 churches on Main street during the afternoons and 
 evenings of each week. Stores and other places of 
 business were closed at 6 P. M., to afford opportunity 
 to all to hear and drink the spirit of loyalty to gov- 
 ernment. Distinguished speakers from abroad as well 
 as home talent were in attendance upon the waiting 
 ear of the people. It was then that the writer came 
 forth as a common soldier, and urged the duty of the 
 hour upon his fellow citizens. It was at the close of 
 one of these speeches in front of the churches that we 
 met William "Wilkeson, Esq,, to whom we have dedi- 
 cated this book, and who moved a resolution on that 
 occasion that the speaker, Geo. H. Stowits, late princi- 
 pal of one of the public schools of this city, be recom- 
 mended to Gov. Morgan as a suitable person to be 
 commissioned in one of our Buffalo regiments, which 
 was adopted unanimously with cheers. 
 
 The public school teachers of the city held a meet- 
 
One HvmxJ/redih N. Y. S. Volvmteers. 101 
 
 ing at school house No. 7, and unanimously resolved 
 to apportion a part of their wages for a fund to for- 
 ward the cause of enlistments. John B. Sackett, 
 superintendent of schools, presided. The writer ad- 
 dressed the meeting, and called upon teachers to teach 
 the youth under their care that love of country which 
 would prompt an interest always to defend it. Supt. 
 Sackett ordered Friday, September 5th, to be observed 
 by all the schools as a day of labor for the wounded 
 in the preparation of lint and bandages. The order 
 was faithfully observed. 
 
 In the meantime a letter had been addressed to the 
 Board of Trade relative to the appointment of officers 
 in the One Hundredth, stating the facts relative to the 
 organization of the regiment, the expenditures of offi- 
 cers and men with hopes of promotion, and the legiti- 
 mate fears aroused relative to the sending of new and 
 inexperienced men to rule those who had suffered the 
 trials of camp, field and battle. The communication 
 was respectfully written and signed by M. H. Top- 
 ping, commanding. The anxiety relative to the posi- 
 tion of colonel was settled by the announcement that 
 George B. Dandy had been commissioned colonel of 
 the One Hundredth Regiment, commission to date 
 and rank from August 27th, 1862. To Lieut. Col. 
 Staunton and the line officers of the regiment, to say 
 nothing of the feelings of the rank and file, this was 
 an unexpected as well as a most unfortunate appoint- 
 ment. It was ever a step of risk to introduce an 
 officer bred in the regular army to command volun- 
 
102 One Hundredth N. T. S. Vohmte&rs. 
 
 teers. That mind is rare who goes back or forward of 
 his culture, tastes and habits. Previous to the rebel- 
 lion, the composition of the regular army was of a 
 class of men that had left all social obligations and 
 ties, and drifted, as a last resort, into the ranks aB a 
 government soldier, the end of the man and citizen. 
 Officers bred to war handled and treated these men, 
 usually, as the refuse of soeiety, barely meriting the 
 decencies of common usage. "When the people 
 sprang to arms to save a country it was not to become 
 professional soldiers, but to resist, succeed, and retire 
 to their homes as subjects of civil law and order. The 
 culture of an officer whose life had been in the tented 
 field would know no difference between the volunteer, 
 no matter what his ability or literary qualifications, 
 and the spirits hitherto under his control, and hence 
 that bond of good feeling that should ever exist be- 
 tween the governor and the governed could not be, 
 and corresponding unhappy results were sure to fol- 
 low. That Col. Dandy was a capable officer is not to 
 be questioned, but that his appointment as colonel of 
 the One Hundredth Regiment, under the peculiar 
 character of its organization, was most unfortunate 
 we can fully attest, in the light both of observation 
 and experience. Immediately succeeding the appoint- 
 ment of Col. Dandy, Lieut. Col. Staunton wrote his 
 resignation, as he felt that his place had been given to 
 another, and that his services could not be as efficient 
 as a subordinate officer since he had occupied the po- 
 sition of the superior officer of the regiment since the 
 
One Ewndredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 103 
 
 death of Col. Brown. Gens. Emory and Naglee, as 
 well as Col. Davis and others, labored with Col. Staun- 
 ton to change his decision, bnt to no purpose. Col. 
 Dandy subsequently told Col. Staunton that he should 
 have done the same under like circumstances, thereby 
 proving to the letter what we have here recorded, 
 that his, Col. Dandy's, appointment was most unfor- 
 tunate. 
 
 "While the people were sending forward recruits, 
 the routine of camp life was still continued. 
 
 August 27th. Gen. Peck inspected the fort and 
 made suggestions. The people begin to bring in 
 quantities of food. 
 
 August 28th. Maj. Otis detailed to take charge of 
 working parties in Torktown. A large number of 
 transports in the river to remove Couch's division. 
 Quartermaster Bishop returned from Fortress Monroe 
 and had been serving the regiment as such since the 
 absence of Lieut. "Walbridge. Col. Davis mustered 
 the One Hundredth for pay August 31st. Col. Staun- 
 ton sent in his resignation. Work still continued on 
 the fort. Col. Staunton had to quell a whisky mutiny. 
 Men refused to work without whisky. He ordered 
 them to go, and they went without much complaint. 
 The cause of refusal, — that the One Hundred and 
 Fourth Pennsylvania were served with the " Utile dis- 
 turber of peace" and they were not. Gen. Emory or- 
 dered the whisky rations to be issued. Dr. Kittenger 
 refused to issue. Col. Staunton ordered Quartermaster 
 to do it. Col. Davis also requested that the rations 
 
104 One JBvmdredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 be issued. We will here record the expressions of 
 Col. Staunton, who " sleeps the sleep that knows no 
 waking," and it will serve as the reflection of the writ- 
 er's opinions : " That whisky was the disturbing ele- 
 ment in the army ; that it is the devil's chief instru- 
 ment to accomplish evil designs." "We know it, and we 
 have seen it and deplored it ; and even now hear the 
 wail of a fellow officer who exclaimed to the writer 
 who had kept him often from drink, " If you leave me, 
 Captain, I am ruined." His body was soon sent to 
 the home of parents and sister, a victim, a sacrifice, to 
 the demon whisky. Still that false idea, that whisky 
 was necessary to courage in the hour of battle, pre- 
 vailed when reason said, then, if ever, the brain needs 
 to be cool, with all its powers unaffected by unnat- 
 ural stimulants. 
 
One Hundredth J¥. Y. 8. Volunteers. 105 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE MEN STOLE A BARREL OF WHISKY. RUMOR OF A 
 
 BAID ON WILLIAMSBURG. REGIMENT UNDER ARMS. 
 
 COL. DANDY ARRIVED AND ASSUMED COMMAND. 
 
 LIEUT. COL.. STAUNTON RESIGNED AND LEFT FOR THE 
 
 NOETH. RECRUITS ARRIVING. LIEUTS. GEEINER 
 
 AND GUTHRIE DISCHARGED. — DRILLS AND REVIEWS. 
 
 CHANGE OF CAMP. THE SIBLEY TENT. CHAPLAIN 
 
 LINN ARRIVED WITH FLAG FROM BOARD OF TRADE. — 
 RAID TO GLOUCESTER COURT HOUSE UNDER COM- 
 MAND OF GEN. NAGLEE. 
 
 The proximity of the York river to the camp of the 
 One Hundredth afforded a fine opportunity for bath- 
 ing, washing and fine oysters. 
 
 Saturday night, September 5th, the men con- 
 cluded to finish the whisky, and for that end stole the 
 barrel, and saved the Quartermaster the trouble of 
 issue. 
 
 Monday the 8th. A rumor of a raid on Williams- 
 burg. Working parties called in. Regiment ordered 
 under arms and into the fort, taking positions behind 
 
 the breastworks. Kept at work during the afternoon. 
 5* 
 
106 One Hundredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 Kaised the flag pole on the fort. Wind very high. 
 Eumors of leaving very soon. During the evening 
 Lieut. Lynch arrived with thirty-one recruits. The 
 wind had blown a gale for four days. Maj . Otis returned 
 from Yorktown sick, relieved from duty for sixteen 
 days. Lieut. Greiner arrived with twenty-eight re- 
 cruits. 
 
 Sunday, September 14th. Gen. Emory reviewed 
 and inspected the One Hundredth New York, and 
 One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania. Assigned 
 Lieut. Greiner's men to Co. " K." 
 
 Monday, September 15th. Col. G. B. Dandy ar- 
 rived in camp and pitched his tent as commander of 
 the regiment. He assumed command. 
 
 Wednesday, September 17th. Two companies, One 
 Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania and One Hun- 
 dredth New York, made a raid and took forty head 
 of cattle. 
 
 September 24th. Lieut. Guthrie arrived and was put 
 in charge of Co. " G." Capt. Walter B. Moore, of Co. 
 " B," was discharged the service September 27, 1862. 
 Lieut. Warren Granger, Jr., was promoted to captain, 
 August 13, 1862, in place of Capt. Henshaw resigned. 
 Gen. Naglee assumed command of the brigade after 
 an absence of three months. Gen. Emory, who was 
 relieved, accompanied Gen. Banks on his expedition 
 to New Orleans. He was esteemed one of the most 
 intelligent and best informed men in the army, and 
 was well liked by his men. The picket line was lim- 
 ited in extent and included but few of the inhabitants. 
 
One Hundredth N". Y. 8. Volunteers. 107 
 
 With a single exception they were qniet and orderly. 
 Mr. Dobson and wife were bitter secesh. She was 
 rebel to the backbone, and ugly. Gen. Dix ordered 
 their house to be taken for a hospital, which made her 
 furious, and she threatened to burn it down before the 
 hated Yankees could get possession of it. It was 
 seized and a strong guard placed 6ver it. A quantity 
 of arsenic, which she wished to throw into the well, a 
 part of a keg of powder and two loaded guns were 
 found. She told the surgeon in charge that " when she 
 met him in h — 1 she would scratch his eyes out." She 
 and her effects were placed outside the lines. Work 
 on the fort, inspections and target shooting occupied 
 the time of men and officers. The days were warm 
 and nights cool, with frequent showers. 
 
 Wednesday, September 24th. Lieut. Bishop's wife 
 came to camp on a visit directly from New York. 
 False alarm in camp at 10^ P. M. Men under arms. 
 Scouts sent out and found nothing. 
 
 Friday, September 26th. One hundred and sixty 
 recruits arrived in charge of Lieuts. C. E: Walbridge 
 and Coleman. They had been accumulating in Alex- 
 andria, in the camps of convalescents and recruits, for 
 a long time. These local depots for receiving re- 
 turned Boldiers and recruits were established all over 
 the country, a profit to contractors and a source of 
 great annoyance to the soldier, as the writer can at- 
 test. The recruits were assigned to different com- 
 panies. 
 
 September 29th. An arrival of forty recruits. 
 
108 One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volvmteers. 
 
 October 2d. Col. Dandy approved of the resigna- 
 tion of Lieut. Col. Staunton, and it passed through 
 the regular channels. The weather continued op- 
 pressively hot and dry. 
 
 Sunday, October 5th. Col. Davis reviewed the 
 One Hundredth New York, One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania and Lieut. Mink's battery. Col. Dandy 
 took general command and Staunton regimental. 
 Lieut. Lynch returned for duty. 
 
 Monday, October 6th. Officers summoned to York- 
 town to show their commissions and musters. Capt. 
 Nicholson arrived with Lieut. Wells and more recruits. 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton held court-martial for the trial of 
 prisoners. Ten were sentenced. 
 
 Saturday rained all day with northerly wind. Fifty- 
 three prisoners and sick men returned to camp. Maj. 
 Otis wrote to G. S. Hazard, president of the Board of 
 Trade, for a suitable person for chaplain of the regi- 
 ment. 
 
 Monday, October 13th. Lieut. Col. Staunton's 
 resignation returned, accepted, and he was free " once 
 again." He went to Yorktown, procured a pass from 
 Gen. Keyes to Fortress Monroe, made Bketch of camp, 
 packed up, dined with Cols. Dandy and Dodge and 
 Maj. Otis, and at 6 P. M., went to ferry boat accom- 
 panied by Col. Dandy, Maj. Otis, Capts. Payne and 
 Kauert, and Lieuts. Topping, "Walbridge and many 
 others. Thus ended Mr. Staunton's official connection 
 with the regiment. "With a farewell from Gen. Naglee 
 and staff, and in company with Lieut. Bishop and 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. - 109 
 
 wife, went on board of the Thomas A. Morgan, the 
 United States mail boat, and soon arrived at Fortress 
 Monroe. ViBited Gen. Dix, then took steamer for 
 Baltimore, thence to Washington, settled with the 
 government, and turned homeward, which was reached 
 October 31st. 
 
 Thursday, October 16th. Paymaster arrived and 
 prepared rolls. The officers and men were paid for 
 four months. 
 
 Sunday, October 19th. A grand review was had 
 by Gen. Keyes. 
 
 October 23d. Lieut. Gardner arrived with forty re- 
 cruits. Company drills were established. A new camp 
 was staked out. Found a scarcity of lumber. Pitched 
 new camp in a gale of wind. Kitchens were built. 
 
 October 31st. Eegiment mustered for pay by Col. 
 Dandy. New camp fitted up. 
 
 November 2d. Eegiment reviewed by Gen. Nag- 
 lee. Col. Dandy established a military school of 
 instruction. 
 
 Tuesday, November 5th. Chaplain J. B. Linn 
 arrived with a new flag presented by the Board of 
 Trade of Buffalo. 
 
 November 7th. Four inches of snow, ending in rain 
 and mud. Camp inspection and presentation of new 
 flag by Chaplain Linn at 10£ A. M. Eegiment at work 
 on guard-house, tents, and chopping wood. The men 
 have the large Sibley tent, with a capacity for sixteen 
 men each, with place for stove in center and bunks 
 in tiers. 
 
110 . One Hundredth Jf. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 November 15th. Cavalry crossed from Yorktown. 
 Picket attack ; one man killed, three wounded and 
 three prisoners. Lieuts. Greiner and Guthrie dis- 
 charged. 
 
 Monday, November 18th. Oapt. Hinson left for 
 Albany. 
 
 November 20th. Col. Dandy took five companies 
 for a foraging expedition. Inspections, reviews, work 
 on camp, and reading orders consumed the days. The 
 men were living very pleasantly. Recruits were ac- 
 quiring a knowledge of camp duties and the use of 
 their guns^ together with the knowledge of drill. As 
 we have stated, the people within the lines came into 
 camp with oysters and various articles of food, which, 
 with donations from home and the regular rations, left 
 no opportunity for complaint. To all appearances the 
 command was established for the winter, and the 
 wives of several officers arrived, which had the appear- 
 ance of civil life. But there is no permanent certainty 
 in military affairs. The ordinary duties of camp con- 
 tinued to the end of November, interspersed with 
 company and battalion drills, and reviews by Gens. 
 Naglee and Keyes. The same routine extended into 
 and through the month of December. On the morn- 
 ing of December 11th Gen. Naglee made a reconnois- 
 sance in force to Gloucester Court House and sur- 
 rounding country. The column consisted of four 
 regiments of infantry, a battery of artillery and two 
 squadrons of cavalry. Detachments were sent beyond 
 the Court House, driving the enemy's cavalry, burning 
 
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One Hundredth iT. Y. S. Vohmteers. Ill 
 
 their quarters and stores of subsistence. The force 
 returned with plunder in the shape of horses, cattle, 
 sheep, hogs and corn, which were turned over to the 
 proper officers, and reached their camps after midnight, 
 Sunday, December 14th. 
 
112 One Hwndre&ih N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 RUMORS OF LEAVING GLOUCESTER POINT. — THE NECES- 
 SARY PROMOTIONS MADE. THE CAMP AT GLOU- 
 CESTER POINT. — ARRIVAL AND VISIT OP WARREN 
 
 GRANGER, ESQ., PROM BUFFALO. ARRIVAL OF ONE 
 
 HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINTH PENNSYLVANIA. FALSE 
 
 ALARMS. BRIGADE HAS MARCHING ORDERS. SHIP- 
 PED WITH SEALED ORDERS. ARRIVED AT FORTRESS 
 
 MONROE. — LEFT AND ANCHORED AT BEAUFORT, NORTH 
 
 CAROLINA. ENCAMPED AT CAROLINA CITY. COL. 
 
 DAVIS IN COMMAND OF BRIGADE. — GEN. NAGLEE IN 
 
 COMMAND OF DIVISION. DRILL AND PREPARATION 
 
 FOR A MOVE SOMEWHERE. 
 
 That quiet rest, that had pervaded the minds of the 
 men in the entertainment of the thought that Glou- 
 cester Point was to be their home for the winter, was 
 disturbed by various rumors of removal. The regi- 
 ment was full to its minimum standard. The neces- 
 sary and proper promotions had been made. 
 
 Capt. Daniel D. Nash, who gave the first company 
 to the regiment, was promoted to major, vice C. N. 
 Otis, promoted. Maj. Otis was promoted to lieu ten- 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 113 
 
 ant colonel, vice Staunton, resigned ; and other pro- 
 motions had been made besides the coming and going, 
 resigning and discharging of new and old officers, as 
 can be seen in the published list of commissions at the 
 close of the volume. 
 
 The camp at Gloucester Point was truly a beautiful 
 and comfortable military home. The superior intelli- 
 gence of Col. Dandy, relative to the keeping of camp, 
 and its police regulations gave indications that he 
 knew the value of comfort and health, to the end that 
 he might have efficient and reliable soldiers. 
 
 Capt. P. Edwin Dye, of Co. "H," had joined the 
 regiment after a long illness of typhoid fever. War- 
 ren Granger came on a visit to camp from Buffalo, 
 which had a happy effect upon officers and men. 
 Having a son, whose career thus far had been eventful, 
 a father's solicitude was not the least cause of his 
 friendly appearance" amid the military family of the 
 One Hundredth regiment. 
 
 Thursday, December 18th. Mr. Granger had the 
 opportunity of witnessing a brigade drill. The next day 
 called on Gen. Naglee, accompanied by Lieut. Col. Otis. 
 
 Saturday, December 20th. The regiment was in- 
 spected by Col. Durkee, Mnety-eighth New York 
 Volunteers, and was credited for its good condition. 
 
 Sunday, December 21st. "Warren Granger left for 
 home. 
 
 A short time previous a regiment of nine months' 
 men, known as the One Hundred and Sixty-ninth 
 Pennsylvania, encamped just east of the camp of the 
 
114 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 One Hundredth, and subsequently remained after the 
 departure of the One Hundredth New York and One 
 Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania. Drills, company 
 and battalion, continued, and Tuesday, December 
 23d, Lieut. Col. Otis was ordered from brigade head- 
 quarters to command all forces at Gloucester Point, 
 composed of One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 
 One Hundredth New York, and Battery " K " First 
 New York Artillery, and One Hundred and Sixty- 
 ninth Pennsylvania. Relieved by Col. Dodge. False 
 alarm in camp caused by the negroes firing on the 
 picket line. Regiment under arms. 
 
 Thursday, December 25th. Orders to move at a 
 minute's notice. There was no doubt of a change of 
 positions. The pleasant camp at Gloucester Point, 
 with all its conveniences, was to be evacuated. The 
 beautiful autumnal days had passed, though December 
 bore the impress of early spring. The veteran of a 
 campaign and the recruit were to enter unknown 
 fields of duty together. Ordered to ship. Went on 
 board at 7 P. M. Friday, December 26th. Ordered 
 back and into the fort at 9 P. M. Returned to ship 
 at 11 P. M. Lieut. Col. Otis and other officers pro- 
 tested against so many men on board so small a ship 
 as the Bel/oidAere. Permission was granted to leave 
 one hundred and fifty men. Ten days' uncooked 
 rations were put on board each vessel, which sailed 
 with sealed orders not to be opened until twenty miles 
 south of Cape Henry. 
 
 Wagons, teams and private horses accompanied the 
 
One Hundredth If. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 115 
 
 expedition. The strength of the brigade at this time 
 was four thousand three hundred and thirty-eight 
 officers and men, and consisted of eight regiments. 
 They were embarked on seven transports. The dark- 
 hulled JBehddiere became our temporary home. The 
 name of that river boat will call to mind close quarters 
 by night and by day. Hold, upper and lower decks, 
 were packed with human beings without place to rest 
 the limbs of the weary soldier. To add to the discom- 
 fort of the men a cold rain drenched the occupants of 
 the upper decks. Arrived at Fortress Monroe at 4 P. 
 M. Saturday, December 27th. The sun shone warmly, 
 and the men were allowed to go ashore at 9 A. M., 
 Sunday, as the ship was coaling. Previous to leaving 
 Gloucester Point the men were to have two days' rations 
 cooked and in haversacks. With filled haversack, filled 
 knapsack, and overcoat, with gun and accoutrements, 
 the new recruit had yet to learn the weight of military 
 life. The expedition left Portress Monroe Sunday 
 evening at 6 o'clock. During a storm those below 
 fared best, and when pleasant those on deck were the 
 favored ones. Hatteras was mindful of the frail cuaft 
 that held us, and those usually agitated waters were 
 mild for December. At 6 P. M., Monday, the guns of 
 Fort Macon smiled upon us, and we rode at anchor off 
 Beaufort. Being too late for a pilot, we waited till 
 morning. Then through the breakers safely, and we 
 ran alongside the dock at 7 A. M., Tuesday. The regi- 
 ment disembarked, marched along the railroad to 
 Morehead City, had coffee, and then continued for three 
 
116 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 miles to a small place known on the map as Carolina 
 City. It consisted of a small depot and two or three 
 dwellings. Beaufort contained some two thousand in- 
 habitants before the war, and is an unattractive village 
 of cheerless-looking houses and sandy streets. More- 
 head city is the terminus of the Atlantic and North Ca- 
 rolina Railroad, and contained some twenty or thirty 
 frame houses. The day was warm as summer. There 
 had been no frost to injure, and a second crop of toma- 
 toes and sweet potatoes had been realized. Lieut. Col. 
 Otis was in command. Adjt. Haddock was left at 
 Gloucester Point sick with typhoid fever. Iieut. 
 Leopold Evert, of Co. " C," was detailed as adjutant 
 of the regiment. He was a young man of ability, 
 and competent for the trust. 
 
 The men had been supplied with shelter tents, a 
 square of canvass with buttons and holes, which, with 
 a fellow, soldier, the two united, forms the temporary 
 shelter from the weather. The camp, was pitched, the 
 picket line established, retreat and taps beaten, and 
 the regiment was asleep amid a storm of rain, wet and 
 tentless, for many tents had blown away, while the 
 men passed a most unpleasant night. The men com- 
 plained bitterly. They had just left comfortable 
 quarters. Eations were regular and all the means for 
 cooking them. Now, they were to be waited for. 
 They were wet ; their guns were wet and rusty, and 
 in an enemy's country ; there seemed to be plenty of 
 reasons why they Bhould entertain the fault-finding 
 spirit. The weather was cool. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. Ill 
 
 December 31st, "Wednesday, the regiment was mus- 
 tered for pay, and also the several companies were 
 making out their pay rolls. 
 
 January 1st, 1863. Two transports were seen in 
 the harbor. Bouge Sound is near. The men roam up 
 and down the beach for boards and lumber of any 
 discription to make their tents comfortable. The peo- 
 ple of this part of North Carolina, if a fair type of the 
 masses, are a sallow tribe of tobacco chewing and 
 snuff dipping creatures. The soil is sandy. Sweet 
 potatoes is the staple of the locality. The country is 
 covered with pine timber. Soon after landing the 
 troops were reorganized. Gen. Naglee and staff ar- 
 rived. Lieut. Col. Otis rode around the picket line 
 with Col. Plaisted of the Eleventh Maine. 
 
 January 3d. Col. W. W. H. Davis was again 
 placed in command of the brigade, while Gen. Foster 
 placed Gen. Naglee in command of division. Col. 
 Davis' brigade consisted of the Eleventh Maine, Fifty- 
 second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 
 One Hundredth New York, and Independent battalion 
 of New York Volunteers. Lieut. Charles E. "Wal- 
 bridge, of Co. " H," was detailed as acting assistant 
 quartermaster on the staff of Col. Davis. Lieut. 
 Edward S. Peck was detailed regimental quarter- 
 master, in place of Lieut. Bishop, detailed as division 
 quartermaster. Battalion and company drills were 
 instituted, and dress parade. 
 
 Monday, January 5th. Lieut. Col. Otis mustered 
 companies "B" and "G," that had just arrived. 
 Weather clear and mild. 
 
118 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 On Saturday, January 10th, there was a severe 
 storm of rain and a gale of wind. Many officers 
 visited Newbern, Beaufort, and the surrounding coun- 
 try. Lieut. Charles Coleman made a fine sketch of 
 Bogue Sound and the camp of the One Hundredth 
 Begiment. It can be seen in the Art Gallery in this 
 city. Lieut. Col. Otis visited Newbern. It is a fine 
 old town, with beautiful trees forming one unbroken 
 shade. 
 
One Hundredth iT. Y. 8. Volunteers. 119 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 COL. DANDY RESUMED COMMAND. DRILLS CONTINUED. 
 
 TROOPS ORDERED TO EMBARK. TRANSPORTS IN 
 
 WATTING. TENTS STRUCK JANUARY 19TH, 1863. 
 
 EMBARKED. LAY AT ANCHOR TELL JANUARY 29TH. 
 
 SAILED SOUTHWARD. ORDERS OPENED OFF WIL- 
 MINGTON. — DESTINATION PORT ROYAL, SOUTH CARO- 
 LINA. ANCHORED AT PORT ROYAL, BETWEEN FORTS 
 
 SEWARD AND WELLS. TROOPS KEPT ON BOARD TRAN- 
 SPORTS FOR SOME DAYS. WENT ASHORE FOR AIR AND 
 
 EXERCISE. — FATIGUE PARTY SENT ASHORE TO DIG 
 WELLS AND PREPARE FOR PITCHING CAMP. 
 
 Wednesday, January 14th. Col. Dandy resumed 
 command of the regiment. Chas. McBean, who had 
 been regimental clerk was appointed sergeant major. 
 The next day the regiment was reviewed by Col. 
 Dandy. 
 
 January 18th. Ordered to embark. Tents were 
 struck, and Carolina City, with its cheerless sand and 
 sallow people, its pine woods and sweet potatoes, all 
 were to be left, and the command was to go somewhere. 
 
 Eegiment struck tents, and at 6 A. M., Monday, 
 
120 One Hundredth If. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 January 19th, marched to Morehead City, and em- 
 barked on board the new and beautiful steamer New 
 England. As usual we were under " sealed orders." 
 The men were in good health. Though encamped on 
 the ground at Carolina City, still the sanitary condition 
 of the regiment was as good, if not better, than when we 
 were so comfortably sheltered at Gloucester Point. 
 The troops were escaping the rigors of a Northern win- 
 ter; which, with the mild climate of North Carolina, 
 in contrast, could not but be productive of good and 
 healthful influences. For so large a regiment we were 
 well cared for on the steamer, which had ample and 
 airy accommodations. The weather was cool for North 
 Carolina. We were waiting the embarkation of the 
 rest of the division, all under the command of Gen. 
 Naglee. The commander of each transport has sealed 
 orders which are not to be opened till off Wilmington. 
 The common soldier, and subordinate officer knows 
 nothing till ordered to move. To obey orders is the 
 first and last duty of a soldier. It is this ignorance 
 and uncertainty which depresses and almost kills the 
 intelligent volunteer, who, when at home took in as 
 comprehensively the real state of the country and its 
 dangers, aB his representatives who managed his affairs 
 at the seat of the. Nation. But as a soldier, he is sim- 
 ply to look after knapsack, haversack, canteen, gun, 
 cartridge box, and whatever appertains to their care and 
 his own personal welfare within the limit perscribed 
 by authority. 
 
 From the 19th to the 29th of January the transports, 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 1 21 
 
 loaded with troops, lay under the guns of Fort Macon. 
 Amid storm and gale they rocked their human freight 
 with various effects upon individuals and masses. 
 
 Maj. Nash and the Chaplain had gone to JSTewbern. 
 The Chaplain most assiduously looked after the mail. 
 Whisky, that " little disbwrber^ made a little friction 
 among the officers and men, hut to no serious extent, 
 but what was easily suppressed by the authority of the 
 commander. 
 
 While at anchor a severe gale was experienced, and 
 a few vessels broke loose, and one caught fire, but the 
 flames were soon extinguished. The men and officers 
 were very impatient. No news ; no letters ; no papers ; 
 nothing but blank uncertainty. The clothing and 
 blankets were aired on the upper deck. The ring- 
 leaders in the whisky difficulty were arrested. 
 
 Company inspection was had on deck. The Chap- 
 lain held divine service in the cabin on Sunday, Jan- 
 uary 25th. A few of the officers visited Fort Macon. 
 It fell into the hands of the enemy when the war 
 broke out, but was retaken in the spring of 1862, by 
 Gen. Parkes. It is built of earth, but riveted with 
 masonry, and casemated. It mounts about fifty guns. 
 At this time it was garrisoned by four companies, com- 
 manded by a lieutenant of regular artillery. 
 
 It was made known that the mail would be detained 
 at Fortress Monroe till the expedition had reached its 
 destination. However, just before the hour of start- 
 ing, a mail found its way to the ships, to the great joy 
 of all who had beeu'so closely imprisoned for days. 
 
122 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 The expense of transportation of troops was very great. 
 The Cahcwba, the flag ship, was estimated to carry 
 fifteen hundred troops, though eleven hundred were 
 all that could be comfortably accommodated. She 
 was chartered by the government for eight hundred 
 dollars per day. Before the troops were put on board 
 she was supplied with thirty thousand rations, fifteen 
 thousand gallons of water, and coal for twenty days. 
 The arrangements for cooking could not be surpassed. 
 Two large copper boilers had been arranged to boil 
 eighty gallons of coffee, or cook five hundred pounds 
 of meat at one time. Everything was cooked by steam, 
 by means of a pipe communicating with the steam 
 boiler. 
 
 As far as practicable, the routine of camp was pre- 
 served on board ship. Health demanded that clean- 
 liness be observed daily. The same provisions had 
 been made on other transports in proportion to the 
 number of troops on board. 
 
 During Wednesday, January 28th, a severe gale 
 raged all day. The monotonous rockings of the ves- 
 sels caused much seasickness. The fleet put to sea 
 Thursday, January 29th, before the effects of the gale 
 had entirely passed away. 
 
 Col. Davis thus describes the appearance of the 
 fleet : " The sailing vessels took the lead, and it was 
 an unusually fine sight to see them hoist their sails, 
 like birds spreading their wings, and glide away over 
 the glittering waters. The steamers followed in the 
 wake of the flag ship. When fairly over the bar I 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 123 
 
 counted thirty vessels in sight deployed in a semi-circle 
 of several miles extent. When it became dark there 
 was presented one of the most charming sights I have 
 ever -witnessed at sea. Each steamer carried at the 
 mast-head a signal lamp, that she might be distin- 
 guished in the darkness ; and the many colored lights 
 thus displayed behind us resembled an illuminated 
 avenue lit up by fairy hands. The motion of the ves- 
 sels, as they were swayed to and fro by the moving 
 waters, added greatly to the picturesqueness of the 
 scene. This watery avenue of variegated lights fol- 
 lowed us through the night, now and then a vessel 
 dropping so far astern that the glimmer of her lamp 
 could hardly be distinguished from the twinkle of the 
 most distant star." When off the mouth of Cape 
 Fear river, on which Wilmington is situated, the 
 secret instructions were opened-, and our destination 
 made known for the first time. This was found to be 
 Hilton Head, on Port Royal bay, South Carolina ; and 
 that our ultimate destination was Charleston. Much 
 enthusiasm was manifested among the men, but sub- 
 sequent experience proved that Charleston was a very 
 hard nut to crack, and few of those composing the 
 expedition were fortunate to be in at the death. At 
 Carolina City we had become familiar with shelter 
 tents and mother earth. The rains and chilling winds 
 of a Southern winter were a sad experience to us, so 
 recently from the more comfortable quarters of civil 
 life. That Southern campaign is a large part of our 
 military history as a regiment. There, as everywhere, 
 it was an insatiable desire of the soldier, ever to know 
 
124 One Hundredth If. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 the next objective point, the details of the next order. 
 This was proof of the superior intelligence of our 
 army. Its elements were sovereigns, with capacities to 
 judge of movements and predicate results. During 
 the passage to Port Royal many officers and men 
 were very sick, and subsequent events proved that we 
 were to be kept some time longer on shipboard. 
 
 Passing Charleston bar heavy firing was heard, 
 which proved to be an attack upon the blockading fleet. 
 We dropped anchor in the harbor of Port Royal, on 
 the morning of the 31st of January. 
 
 Monday, February 2d. The regiment went ashore 
 to give free play to their cramped and stiffened limbs. 
 The vessel during their absence was thoroughly 
 cleansed. Transports, with troops, arrived daily. 
 The regiment embarked again to await orders. We 
 moved farther up the*bay. Port Royal harbor is well 
 named ; it is truly a royal harbor, with a breadth of 
 space and depth of water sufficient for the navies of 
 the world. 
 
 February 6th. The weather is cool, rainy and dis- 
 agreeable, though there are prospects of going on shore. 
 The monitor Passaic is anchored near, and creates 
 much wonder among the veteran seamen of the wooden 
 navy. Lieut. Col. Otis, field officer, in charge. He 
 made rounds of the ship. It was dull and monotonous 
 on board the vessel, and the officers and men were 
 longing for active duty. 
 
 Sunday, February 8th. A fatigue party was sent 
 ashore to dig wells. Divine service was held by the 
 Chaplain in the afternoon. 
 
One Hwndredih N. Y. S. Volunteers. 125 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 GEN. NAGLEe's LETTER AND GENERAL OEDEE TO THE 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE OF THE CITY OF BUFFALO. THE 
 
 NAMES THE GENERAL RECOMMENDED TO BE PLACED 
 UPON THEIR FLAGS. HIS REHEARSAL OF THEIR SER- 
 VICES. HIS FINAL CHEERING WORDS FOE THEIR FU- 
 TURE WELFARE. THE REGIMENT ASHORE AT ST. 
 
 HELENA, S. C. PITCHING CAMP, DIGGING WELLS AND 
 
 WASHING. — SOME DIFFICULTY WITH THE NEGROES. — 
 
 CABINS BURNED. THE WORK OF A FEW RESTLESS 
 
 SPIRITS. 
 
 Up the Peninsula, into the death at " Fair Oaks," 
 on the retreat to Harrison's Landing, and Gloucester 
 Point, thence to pitchy, tarry, turpentine North 
 Carolina ; and more, to within hailing distance of the 
 very center of the origin of the rebellion, the city of 
 Charleston ; the One Hundredth Regiment seems des- 
 tined to play a part in the coming struggle of recover- 
 ing Sumter and humbling the chivalry of the Pal- 
 metto State. 
 
 Previous to leaving Newbern, North Carolina, Gen. 
 Naglee addressed to the Board of Trade of Buffalo 
 the following note and General Orders No. 3 : 
 
126 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS ^GLEE'S DIVISION, > 
 
 Newbern, N. C, Jan. 13, 1863. i 
 Gentlemen: — I take great pleasure in enclosing the within 
 order, by which you will perceive that the One Hundredth Regi- 
 ment New York Volunteers, well worthy of your kind care and 
 patronage, have honored themselves, and have honored you and 
 the great State to which they belong. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 HENRY M. NAGLEE, B. G. 
 
 To the Hon. the Board of Trade of Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Headquarters Naglee's Division, ) 
 Newbern, N. C, Jan. 8th., 1863. > 
 
 (General Orders No. 3.) 
 
 The several regiments of the late First Brigade, commanded by 
 Gen. Naglee, will inscribe upon their banners the following names, 
 indicating important events in the history of the war, in which 
 they acted a conspicuous part. The following named places will 
 show the service of the One Hundredth New York: Lee's Mills, 
 April, 1862. Williamsburg, May 5th, 1862. Reconnoissance to 
 Seven Pines, May 24th, 25th and 26th, 1862. Seven Pines or Fair 
 Oaks, May 31st, 1862. Railroad and Bottom's Bridges, June 27th 
 and 28th, 1862. White Oak Swamp Bridge, June 30th, 1862. 
 Carter's Hill, July 2d, 1862. Gloucester, Virginia, Dec. 14th, 1862. 
 Yorktown, August 17th to Dec. 31st, 1862. 
 
 The General lately commanding the brigade most happily takes 
 this occasion to congratulate the officers and soldiers with whom 
 he has been so intimately associated. Whilst memory lasts, it 
 will continually recur to the scenes of deprivation and danger, and 
 blood and battle through which you have passed, and you will re- 
 member your inexperience and discontent, and then your disci- 
 pline and happy affiliation. 
 
 All will remember with regret the deadly effects of the swamps 
 before Yorktown. You were the first in the advance upon 
 Williamsburg, and when ordered by Gen. McClellan to support 
 Gen. Hancock, the enemy gave up the contest. 
 
 On the 19th of May, at Bottom's bridge, you waded waist deep 
 in the swamps of the Chickahominy, you drove away, the enemy 
 and were the first to cross that stream. On the 24th, 25th and 26th, 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 127 
 
 after other troops had failed, you made the gallant dashing recon- 
 noissance of the Seven Pines, driving the superior force of Gen. 
 Stewart from Bottom's bridge to within four and a half miles of 
 Richmond, the position nearest that city ever occupied by our 
 troops. On the 31st of May at Fair Oaks, or Seven Pines, occupy- 
 ing the above advanced position, your brigade made the most des- 
 perate, bloody, obstinate fight of the war, and while we mourn the 
 loss of one half of our comrades in war, you have the consolation 
 of knowing that, by their heroic sacrifice, and your stubborn re- 
 sistance, you saved the Army of the Potomac from great disaster . 
 
 On the 27th, 28th and 29th of June, the rebel Gen. Jackson, 
 hurled his immense force suddenly upon our right and passed that 
 flank of the army, and all turned with extreme solicitude toward 
 the rear at Bottom's bridge, which, if crossed, would result in irre- 
 trievable ruin ; and it should be a source of great pride and satis- 
 faction in the future to remember that all this intense anxiety was 
 dispelled, and all breathed with relief, and felt secure, when it 
 rapidly ran through the army that Naglee's brigade has "destroyed 
 the bridges, and stood night and day for three days in the middle 
 of the Chickahominy, successfully and continually resisting his 
 passage. Again, on the following day you held a post of the 
 greatest importance and danger, at the White Oak Swamp. The 
 most determined efforts of the enemy to cross the bridge in pursuit 
 of our army were thwarted by our artillery, and you stood for ten 
 hours supporting it, quiet spectators of the most terrific cannonade, 
 while other regiments were only kept in place by being ordered 
 back when they approached your line. Retreating all night you 
 stood ready in position on the following day expecting to be 
 ordered to take part in the battle at Malvern Hills. 
 
 Retreating again all night at Carter's Hill on the 2d of July, you 
 stood by the artillery and wagon train, and when all expected it 
 would be destroyed, you brought it safely to Harrison's Landing. 
 
 During December you destroyed a dozen large salt 'works in 
 Mathews county, Virginia, and drove the Rangers from, that and 
 Gloucester, Middlesex, and King and Queen's counties, captured 
 laVge herds of cattle, intended for the rebel army, and destroyed all 
 their barracks, stables and stores. 
 
 At Yorktown, from August to the end of December, you have 
 restored the works at that place and Gloucester Point, and they 
 are by your labor rendered strong and defensible. 
 
128 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volwnteers. 
 
 Thus is yours the honor of having been the first to pass, and the 
 last to leave the Chickahominy, and while you led the advance 
 from this memorable place to near Richmond, you were last in 
 the retreating column, when after seven days' constant fighting it 
 reached a place of security and rest at Harrison's Landing. 
 
 Your descendants for generations will boast of your gallant con- 
 duct, and when all are laid in the dust, history will still proclaim 
 the glorious deeds performed by you. Go in! "The Truth is 
 mighty, and will prevail." Pretenders for a time may rob you of 
 your just deserts, but, as you have experienced, their evil report 
 will certainly be exposed, for your many friends at home, ever 
 watchful and identified with your reputation, will see that justice 
 shall be done. 
 
 A new page in your history is about to be written ; let it be still 
 more brilliant than that already known. Your past good conduct 
 has won the warmest esteem and confidence of your late brigade 
 commander ; he has no apprehensions of the future. 
 By command of 
 
 Beig.-Gen. HENRY M. NAGLEE, 
 
 Commanding Division. 
 George H. Johnstoh, 
 Capt. and A. A. G. 
 
 This patriotic order created mtich just enthusiasm 
 among the troops that composed Gen. Naglee's bri- 
 gade during those perilous scenes enumerated in the 
 succession in which they transpired. Gen. Naglee 
 was loved by his men for his courage, his loyalty and 
 his trusty reliability, ever present in times of danger, 
 he has been proudly styled " a thunderbolt im battle." 
 
 To return and take up the loosened thread of the 
 One Hundredth Eegiment, it was ordered to disembark 
 from the New England, February 10th, 1863. Four 
 companies had been sent ashore the day before to pre- 
 pare camp, dig wells and wash their clothes. By 12 M. 
 
One Uwn&redth J¥. Y. 8. Volunteers. 129 
 
 the regiment was all ashore. The weather was of 
 a June character, days warm, nights damp and cool. 
 Encamped in a cornfield, a low and unpleasant spot. 
 During the following day the men were busily en- 
 gaged in washing their clothes along the small streams 
 near the camp. It was a great relief after so long 
 confinement on ship, to walk farther than a vessel's 
 length, and not feel that monotonous rocking of wave 
 by storm. It was while the regiment was encamped 
 in this place that the unimportant difiicnlty arose 
 with a few negroes residing in shanties, or cabins, 
 near by. Restless spirits from the regiments about 
 were prowling around for chickens, pigs, or anything 
 that would savor of adventure, when by accident the 
 cabins were lighted and consumed; .and reporters 
 filled Northern papers with tales of mutiny and in- 
 subordination, all of which were without substantial 
 foundation. 
 6* 
 
130 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 CAMP ON ST. HELENA REMOVED ONE AND A HALE MILES. 
 
 CAMP PITCHED, CLEAEED AND REGULARLY LAID 
 
 OUT. THE ISLAND OP ST. HELENA. ABSENCE OF 
 
 STONES. LOCALITY OP CAMP. ARRIVAL OP MAIL. 
 
 ITS INFLUENCES UPON THE MEN. — DRILLS, INSPEC- 
 TIONS AND REVIEWS. — GEN. NAGLEE REVIEWS TWO 
 BRIGADES. — GOOD RATIONS, BEEP AND BREAD. — 
 DIFFICULTY BETWEEN GENS. FOSTER, NAGLEE AND 
 
 HUNTER. STRIFE SETTLED BY ADJT. GEN. THOMAS. 
 
 GEN. NAGLEE ORDERED NORTH TO REPORT TO THE 
 WAR OFFICE. HIS FAREWELLS. 
 
 Friday, February 13th. The regiment was ordered 
 to remove its camp one and a half miles north. The 
 day was warm, and to us, who at this season of the 
 year had been accustomed to the storms of snow, and 
 chills of frosty winter at the North, it seemed, at least, 
 a novelty and an innovation upon the expectations of 
 our organisms. But for out-door living it was not ob- 
 jectionable, but on the contrary very agreeable. The 
 camp was laid out in regular order. The small under- 
 brush soon disappeared, and not only the camp, front 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 131 
 
 and rear, but places for dress parade, and also for daily 
 drills, were cleared, leveled and ready for the use of 
 the regiment in a very few days. Rations that had 
 been scarce were now abundant. 
 
 A singularity was apparent in the absence of stone. 
 There was none to be found on the island. We were 
 encamped on the island of St. Helena, which is sixteen 
 miles in length and from one to three miles in width. 
 The soil is of a light, sandy nature, but of marvellous 
 richness. A large portion of the island was covered 
 with pine timber. It was divided into about eighty 
 plantations, averaging some three hundred acres each, 
 when the war began, but the owners fled and left them 
 in possession of the negroes. It is said that the land 
 will yield as high as three hundred pounds of cotton 
 per acre, which brought over two dollars per pound 
 during the war. 
 
 The location of the camp of the One Hundredth, as 
 well as the camps of the rest of the brigade, was healthy 
 and pleasant and close to the shore of the wide spread- 
 ing bay. Water was obtained by sinking barrels in 
 the sand, which, often one above the other, formed a 
 regular tube to prevent the sand from falling into them. 
 The surface water thus leached through the light soil 
 afforded fair water for drinking and-other purposes. 
 
 Labor on camp continued steadily till wells were 
 dug, company streets policed, and bunks raised from the 
 sand by means of poles from the adjoining wood. 
 Tfie usual military regularity was soon manifested 
 in the successive orders which Col. Dandy issued 
 
132 One Himdredth N. Y. S. Vohmte&rs. 
 
 daily for the physical comfort and convenience of the 
 men. 
 
 Saturday, February 14th. A large mail made its 
 appearance in camp. Newspapers from home were 
 fluttering everywhere, while in the hands of officers 
 and men could be seen those letter-messengers of com- 
 fort, encouragement and assurances from loyal wives, 
 sisters and mothers. Our army was a reading army. 
 Save the few selfish hearts at home whose love of conn- 
 try was as uncultivated as the trifling adventurer, these 
 welcome letters were successful warriors, for they 
 strengthened the soldier's arm and held him to country, 
 home and God. 
 
 The men, as a rule, were more content after the re- 
 ceipt of a mail, except now and then a father and hus- 
 band whose heartless wife was ever thrusting the 
 thorns of complaint into the already overburdened 
 heart, demanding, without reason, money,' when the 
 thing was a stranger in camp for months. Such knew 
 nothing of the issue at stake, and caring less, were kill- 
 ing slowly the only hope in the bosoms of their husbands 
 by harrassing them into disease and ultimate death. 
 But aside from all drawbacks, the advent of a mail 
 in camp was an evidence of a stronger patriotism, 
 and a deeper determination to resist the demons 
 bent on the destruction of this government. It was 
 the extension of the home strength, that latent 
 power which fed patriots and gave sacrifices for 
 fatherland. 
 
 Company and battalion drills were ordered, and the 
 
One Hundredth JSf. Y. 8. Volimteers. 133 
 
 men made wonderful proficiency in marching and the 
 mannal of arms. 
 
 On the 19th of February, Gen. Naglee held a grand 
 review of two brigades. The men improved their op- 
 portunities of washing their clothes and cleaning their 
 arms and accoutrements. The regiment at this time 
 was in splendid condition. 
 
 Saturday, February 21st. Col. Dandy and Maj. 
 Nash went to Hilton Head, and the men cleaned camp 
 for the inspections of Sabbath. Sunday, in military 
 annals, is a day of inspection, review, and generally 
 of battle. The soldier is supposed to be in better con- 
 dition on Sabbath in respect to' all things that make 
 the soldier, and then his haversack is usually supplied 
 with rations ; in short, he is more of a soldier and 
 man on Sabbath than on any other day of the week. 
 
 During our stay at Hilton Head and on the island 
 of St. Helena we were abundantly supplied with good 
 rations of fresh beef three days in every ten, and nice 
 fresh bread daily from the government bakery at 
 Beaufort. The Colonel did not lose the opportunity 
 of establishing a school of instruction, as so few volun- 
 teer officers knew scarcely anything of military tactics. 
 
 I often wondered what could be the estimation of 
 Col. Dandy, with a military culture, of the volunteer 
 officer who found himself in charge of men with no 
 kind of military knowledge whatever. Surely the es- 
 timation must have been light, though in charity the 
 men were willing to advance for the good of country 
 and home. 
 
134 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 Saturday, February 28th. Col. Dandy mustered the 
 regiment for pay. The common soldier on the island 
 of St. Helena could feel in the wind that some little 
 or great difficulty existed in the department, though 
 no direct knowledge reached his ears. We have 
 learned since what we could not know at the time in 
 a subordinate position. Col. Davis, commanding bri- 
 gade, has given the whole matter in his admirable 
 history of his own regiment, the One Hundred and 
 Fourth Pennsylvania. Delay was caused by the apple 
 of discord being eaten by the generals. 
 
 The attack upon Charleston had been arranged at 
 Washington by Gens. Hunter and Foster in Decem- 
 ber, and he and Hunter were to make a combined at- 
 tack of army and navy upon Charleston early in the 
 year. When they came together neither would give 
 up to the other. Gen. Hunter was the ranking offi- 
 cer, and had the advantage. Gen. Foster could not 
 leave at once, and Gen. Naglee was put in command 
 of the forces brought down. On our arrival Gen. 
 Hunter issued an order incorporating Foster's Eight- 
 eenth Army Corps troops with the Tenth Corps, and 
 destroying the distinctive organization. Our trans- 
 portation was ordered over to the quartermaster at 
 Hilton Head. Gen. Naglee, who was always ready for 
 a fight with pen or sword, took up the cudgels for his ab- 
 sent chief. The fight waxed warm and both parties ap- 
 pealed. Naglee got a little the start of Hunter. Adjt. 
 Gen. Townsend was sent to Hilton Head to arrange 
 matters. Hunter's order was revoked. Hunter placed 
 
SAMUELS. KELLOGG. 
 
 IfJLieut.lOOi.h Re^*- NYSVols. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volimteers. 135 
 
 the staff officers of Foster under arrest, and ordered 
 them to leave the department. Gen. Naglee opened 
 on Hunter again, which resulted in the former being 
 sent to New York with orders to report to the adjutant 
 general of the army. This is a sample of the quarrels 
 which interfered with the efficiency of the army during 
 the war. In this case the service lost one of its most 
 gallant officers without cause. He was the life of the 
 expedition, active and energetic and had the entire 
 confidence of the troops. On the contrary, Gen. 
 Hunter was disliked, and neither officers nor men had 
 the least confidence in his abilities. The commis- 
 sioned officers of Gen. Naglee's old brigade waited on 
 him with music. He received them on the steamer at 
 the wharf. An address was tendered him expressive 
 of his gallantry and patriotism. He replied in elo- 
 quent terms. The officers of Heckman's brigade and 
 Ferry's division paid their respects, and in the evening 
 he was serenaded by the band of the Tenth Connecti- 
 cut. Gen. Ferry succeeded Gen. Naglee in command. 
 Thus is explained an affair between generals which 
 consumed months of time and thousands of dollars. 
 
136 One Hundredth Hf. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 GEN. NAGLEe's FARWELL ORDER. ST. HELENA ISLAND, 
 
 ITS BEAUTY, FERTILITY AND POSITION. GRAND RE- 
 VIEW BY GEN. HUNTER. COMPANY, BATTALION AND 
 
 BRIGADE DRILLS. RIGID INSPECTIONS. — EXERCISE 
 
 IN LANDING PROM TRANSPORTS. — IGNORANCE OF THE 
 COMMON SOLDIER OF COMING EVENTS. — COL. DANDY'S 
 SPECIAL ORDER TO THE ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT 
 N. Y. Y. — MARCHING ORDERS. THE PROCESS OF AR- 
 RESTS, AND THEIR DISPOSITION. THE WASHING DAYS 
 
 OF A REGIMENT. 
 
 Previous to the departure of Gen. Naglee, as re- 
 lated in the preceding chapter, he issued the following 
 general order : 
 
 Headquarters Naglee's Division, j 
 St. Helena Island, S. C, March 5th, 1863. f 
 
 (General Orders No. 12.) 
 
 Officers and soldiers of my division and brigade: — I have been 
 released of my command over you, and have been ordered else- 
 where. Let me entreat you to render implicit obedience to every 
 order. Eemember the sacred cause of our country for which we 
 have sacrificed our homes and exposed our lives. Go on, and add 
 to the good name your gallant conduct has so justly won, and as 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 137 
 
 before, again will we exclaim, " Truth is mighty, and will prevail." 
 With an affectionate remembrance of the past, and a confidence in 
 the future, I bid you farewell, and with all my Heart, Ood bless you. 
 
 Brig. Gen. H. M. NAGLEE, 
 Commanding Division and Department 
 
 A feeble description would fail to tell of the rare 
 beauty of the island of St. Helena. Much, of course, 
 is due to the climate and the absence of severe chilling 
 weather. Everything is royal. The harbor and bay 
 extended are royal. The islands all are queenly gems. 
 The beauty and fragrance of the orange and oleander, 
 and the songs of the birds, were full of delightful hint's 
 to the soldiers of home and its blessings. 
 
 The island is an earthly paradise, and we think that 
 the men render a silent and richly deserved homage 
 to all of nature's tropical provisions, so bountifully 
 lavished upon these fruitful islands. However pleas- 
 ing to the soldier, the island camp, and whatever 
 privileges were enjoyed, the impression was fixed that 
 to leave was the end to the beginning, and that soon 
 our backs must be turned upon the beauties of the 
 sea-girt isle, and its memories only remain. 
 
 February 24th. Gen. Hunter had a grand review 
 of two divisions. "We marched about two miles and 
 returned to camp at 2J P. M. An inspection was or- 
 dered by Capt. Jackson. The men had put forth 
 every effort, .assisted by their officers, and the provisions 
 of the Colonel, to make a creditable appearance and a 
 favorable impression ; all of which, as the 6equel 
 proved, was accomplished. 
 
138 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 Company, battalion and brigade drills were bad 
 amid tbe dust, and under the scorching rays of a sum- 
 mer sun, though only the middle of March. Col. 
 Davis, whose brigade headquarters were on the left of 
 the camp of the One Hundredth, drilled the brigade. 
 Col. Dandy drilled the non-commissioned officers in 
 skirmish drill, and alternately the companies were 
 drilled in the same manner. Regiments were practiced 
 in turn to land from transports in small boats on the 
 beach, to enable them to land at any point with 
 facility, security and success. In consequence of 
 sickness Capt. P. Edwin Dye, of Co. " H," resigned 
 and returned North, taking with him his colored ser- 
 vant, Washington, a servant known and well treated 
 by every officer and man in the regiment. Capt. John 
 Nicholson, of Co. " C," was also discharged while the 
 regiment tarried on the island. Changes were being 
 constantly made, as will be seen by reference to the 
 roll of commissioned officers at the close of the volume. 
 Col. Davis and Col. Dandy united in drilling the 
 brigade. Troops had made progress for the weeks 
 that they had been detained on the island, and now 
 the fact was snuffed from the air that thoughts of 
 leaving must be entertained. The knowledge of the 
 island was limited to the common soldier. But field 
 officers, and sometimes officers of the line, had per- 
 mission to visit Hilton Head, Beaufort and contiguous 
 islands, but the rank and file could only look above 
 and up and down the company street, and wait the 
 order for movement. It came. The One Hundredth 
 
One Hundredth iV, Y. S. Volunteers. 139 
 
 Regiment, for its large numbers, perfection on inspec- 
 tion and general military bearing, was selected as the 
 regiment to make the advance upon Charleston. To 
 take and hold Cele's island was the first step in the act 
 to reduce that rebellious city. 
 
 Struck tents March 22d, and the regiment was ready 
 to move at 4 P. M. 
 
 Previous to the departure of the regiment, Col. 
 Dandy issued the following order : 
 
 Headquarters One Hundredth Regiment, N. Y. V. ) 
 St. Helena Island, March, 1863. 5 
 
 (Special Order No. 67.) 
 
 It will seem scarcely necessary at this late day to inform the 
 officers and men of this regiment, that the nation is in its greatest 
 and perhaps final conflict with the rebellion. The Colonel has con- 
 fidence that the One Hundredth Regiment will not deface, by bad 
 conduct, the lustre of its renown at the Seven Pines. The name 
 of the One Hundredth after the coming battle will become a house- 
 hold word, not only at the hearth and in the homes of the Empire 
 State, but its deeds will go down to posterity in the histories which 
 will be made, when the present generation has passed away. 
 
 To accomplish, then, the expectations of our friends and kin- 
 dred, the most rigid and unrelenting discipline must be enforced. 
 It is alone by this means that we can achieve success. Let every 
 officer and soldier of this regiment act then in good faith with the 
 obligations he assumes in taking voluntarily upon himself the mili- 
 tary character. 
 
 G. B. DANDY, 
 
 Col. Commanding. 
 
 Leopold Evert, 
 
 Lieut, and Acting Adj't. 
 
 We will add in this connection a few words upon 
 the matter of military arrests. Almost as a necessity 
 they were frequent among officers and men. The 
 
140 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 men, fast becoming soldiers, by order and discipline, 
 often obtained their knowledge by suffering the in- 
 tense mental pain of a military arrest and punishment. 
 So recent as sovereigns, masters of their own actions, 
 it was not surprising that too often they forgot in 
 manner, speech and action, that they were under the 
 eye and order of a severe and rigid military ruler in 
 the person of the Colonel commanding. 
 
 We do not intend to speak of the character of the 
 punishments inflicted upon the persons of the men. 
 Suffice it to say that they were of a military character, 
 and can justly be called relics of barbarism and disgrace- 
 ful to an enlightened and humane people. "Without the 
 mention of any individual officer, or man, the writer 
 can evidence the intense agony of an arrest ; where, 
 through ignorance of an order or law, a man is made 
 to feel that the eyes of informers are upon him at 
 every step, and perhaps the next act will add to his 
 crime and involve him deeper into difficulty. In the 
 case of an officer, his sword is taken from him, charges 
 are preferred in due form, he is tried by a competent 
 court martial, censured, reprimanded, dismissed, or 
 acquitted. In the case of a common soldier, he is ar- 
 rested, sent to the guard-house built for that purpose, 
 charges preferred by his commander, tried by the 
 colonel, lieutenant colonel or major, constituting the 
 court, punished, fined, his pay ^stopped or acquitted, as 
 the evidence warrants. These things were constantly 
 occurring. Hence much of military knowledge was 
 the result of individual suffering ; and it was not 
 
One Hundredth If. T. S. Volwnteers. 141 
 
 surprising that men so recently citizens, were restive 
 under restraint and the restrictions of military power. 
 The washing days of a regiment after a march or 
 confinement on ship; were busy scenes of industry 
 and cleanliness. If the mothers, wives and sisters of 
 these soldiers could have seen the sight, it would have 
 been photographed in memory as novel and entertain- 
 ing. LessonB of patience and dogged perseverence 
 could have been taken, and while they admired, they 
 would never after wished to be relieved from cleansing 
 the garments of loved ones, enduring and suffering 
 for firesides, far away. The shores of every pond 
 and the banks of brook and stream were lined with 
 these modern washer- women ; while twig, branch and 
 shrub were laden with the dripping garments of these 
 faithful knights of water and soap. The reality will 
 attend the living soldier through his after years. 
 
142 One Hundredth N~. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 REGIMENT STRUCK TENTS ON ST. HELENA, AND MARCHED TO 
 
 TRANSPORT EXPOUNDER. EMBARKED. DISEMBARKED 
 
 AT HILTON HEAD. CHANGED GUNS. EMBARKED. 
 
 SAILED FOR STONO INLET. AGROUND ON A BAR. 
 
 CROSSED SAFELY. ENCAMPED ON COLE'S ISLAND. 
 
 UNSUPPORTED FOR SEVERAL DATS. — TROOPS AR- 
 RIVED. LANDED ON FOLLY ISLAND. SKIRMISHED 
 
 AND SCOUTED THE ENTIRE ISLAND. THE DIFFICUL- 
 TIES, SUFFERINGS AND DELAYS OF THE CAMPAIGN. 
 
 As stated, in obedience to orders, the regiment was 
 ready to move at 4 P. M., but finally bivouacked for 
 the night. 
 
 Monday, March 23d. The One Hundredth Eegi- 
 ment left its now skeleton camp of rude bunks, airy 
 arbors, company streets, and parade ground, and took 
 up its line of march by the quarters of the brigade 
 commander, Col. Davis, through lines of soldiers swarm- 
 ing on either hand, whose camps were still untouched 
 by the magic order of march \ and bidding adieu to that 
 isle of the bay went on board the steamer Expounder, a 
 vessel long since deserted by rats, and steamed to 
 
One Hundredth JST. Y. S. Volunteers. 143 
 
 Hilton Head, where we went on shore to exchange 
 the Enfield for new Austrian rifles, after which we em- 
 barked. The weather was damp, foggy and cool. 
 
 During Tuesday, March 24th, we lay off Hilton 
 Head. Col. Dandy went on shore. The steamer 
 coaled. Officers and men uneasy. The next morning 
 sailed at 5 o'clock. Seasickness prevailed. Reached 
 the bar at Stono Inlet at 12 M., too late to cross, and 
 dropped back to the Edisto river to wait till morning. 
 Sailed for Cole's Island at 8 A. M. Grounded at 10 
 A. M. Perils surrounded us. Lake, river and canal 
 culture were now invaluable. Half of the regiment 
 was transferred to that crazy river boat, the Belvidiere, 
 that had held us from Gloucester Point to Carolina 
 City. The remainder stood in solid column awaiting 
 tide or destruction. Tide saved us. The gunboat aid- 
 ing us had grounded also. But the tide cleared her, 
 and with the hawser, which was attached to the Ex- 
 pounder, the gunboat, with the assistance of the tide, 
 rescued the worthless hulk with its living freight from 
 apparent destruction. Morning dawned, the bar was 
 crossed and in smooth waters we lay alongside of the 
 gunboat Paumee. 
 
 It was 11 P. M. before the Expounder was free 
 from the treacherous bar. The captainjind crew had 
 seemingly lost all hopes. The surf ran too high at 
 night-fall for continued operations of transfer. The 
 crew and boats were under guard. Coal and provi- 
 sions were ordered overboard. The gunnybags were 
 brought from the hold. As the boat slowly slid from 
 
144 One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 the bar, we felt saved. Parted arches, and steam pipe 
 closed, and no holes in the bottom of the leaky craft 
 to change the character of our joy. Though we slept 
 but little, still it was a rest to feel that we had been 
 spared from disastrous shipwreck. Following a night 
 of so much anxiety, was a morning quiet and beautiful. 
 The bay was a mirror. The gunboat Pa/wnee was. 
 anchored near, a fine specimen of our wooden navy, 
 neatly modelled, cleanly kept and heavily armed. 
 
 The regiment commenced to disembark at 8 A. M., 
 and encamped at once, on the beach, a little above tide- 
 water mark. The ground in front was rising, a protec- 
 tion from observation. The town of Legareville lay 
 in front, still and deserted. On our left was the mouth 
 of Stono river, and that of Folly at the right. The 
 island in front was covered with large trees, and its 
 surface was quite uneven. There was a narrow cause- 
 way or dyke connecting Coles with James island. A 
 lookout was erected. A battery of two guns was 
 stationed and the work of Capt. L. S. Payne, of Co. . 
 "D," commenced as the scout, living, accompanied with 
 a few picked men, almost continually within the lines 
 of the enemy. He was the outer line, the only real 
 scource of information that Col. Dandy could com- 
 mand. 
 
 Our expedition began to take definite form. The 
 One Hundredth Eegiment had been detached from Col. 
 Davis' brigade, and now with the Eighty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania, Thirty-ninth Illinois, and Sixty-second Ohio, 
 was known as Howell's brigade. As yet the One 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 145 
 
 Hundredth was unsupported, and alone, save by the 
 gunboats in the inlet. 
 
 March 30th. Gen. Hunter issued a confidential 
 circular to the respective commanders, which" desig- 
 nated the troops for the expedition, and their organiza- 
 tion. They consisted of three divisions of infantry, a 
 brigade of artillery, a light battery and a battalion of 
 engineers. The whole numbered over sixteen thou- 
 sand men. Immense quantities of material had been 
 provided. As named, the One Hundredth New York 
 Kegiment, from its numbers, and reputed morale, was 
 to lead the advance. The camp was pitched five yards 
 from high tide. Lieut. Col. Otis posted the pickets. 
 There were ten posts and ten men at each post. Capt. 
 Payne was the wandering post. A road was made 
 along the picket line. The commissary stores were 
 brought ashore. Rumors of assault by the rebels, but 
 proved unfounded. They knew too well the orotund 
 voices of the hundred-pounder parrotts on board the 
 Pawnee. 
 
 Promotions were made, as vacancies occurred by 
 resignation and discharge. Non-commissioned officers 
 of experience were not forgotten. John McMann, of 
 Co. "C," was promoted to second lieutenant ; L. D. 
 Howell, of Co. "B," to second lieutenant, and other 
 promotions from second to first lieutenant had been 
 made : that of Lieuts. Everts and Coleman. Col. 
 Dandy had recommended his brother, James H. 
 Dandy, as first lieutenant, from another regiment, and 
 who subsequently was promoted to captain and major 
 
146 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 of the regiment, and killed at Fort Grigg ; an officer 
 of rare culture, a gentleman, and universally liked by 
 both officers and men. William Bonsell, a member 
 of a New York battery, was commissioned as second 
 lieutenant, but was subsequently dismissed. Charles 
 E. Walbridge, of Co. "H," had been commissioned 
 as first lieutenant, and April 14th, 1863, was commis- 
 sioned as captain. He was relieved from duty as 
 brigade quartermaster and returned to his company. 
 No rebels seen. During our encampment on Cole's 
 island the weather was rainy, windy and disagreeable. 
 Commenced to build a dock. 
 
 March 30th. Moved camp from beach to woods, some 
 twenty rods. The dock was completed, and a guard- 
 house built. Col. Dandy went on gunboat, on a recon- 
 noissance. 
 
 April 3d, Friday. Six transports arrived inside the 
 bar with troops. The One Hundredth had commenced 
 to throw up rifle pits in front of camp, but were or- 
 dered to suspend, and move to Folly island. Four regi- 
 ments landed on Cole's island, which, with the One Hun- 
 dredth, constituted the brigade already mentioned. 
 
 April 5th. The regiment struck tents at 4 P. M., 
 went on transports at 10 P. M., and was beached from 
 small boats, on the south point of Folly island, in the 
 surf, an ebb tide, water breast high, two hundred 
 yards from shore. That was a struggle for the soldier 
 with his armor on, and as for us, we felt our safety 
 to be in the presence of the tall forms about us, 
 buoying us on to the shore of sand and barrenness. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 147 
 
 The tide was running out, and hence the difficulty of 
 landing. It was 1 o'clock in the morning when the 
 regiment stood on shore. Marched till 9 A. M., 
 halted till 12 M., lunched, rested, and marched till 1 
 P. M. Cos. " D," " K " and " C " constituted the ad- 
 vanced guard. Co. " K," Capt. Granger, skirmished 
 the entire island. Lieut. Col. Otis was in command, 
 assisted by Maj. Nash. Col. Dandy remained behind 
 on Cole's island. 
 
 As each soldier calls to mind that night's work of em- 
 barking from Cole's island, and disembarking on the 
 shores of Folly island, the struggle with the tide, boats 
 beached and whole companies in water breast high, 
 moving toward dry ground ; led by Col. Otis, in that 
 march along the beach, the sun shining warmly, the 
 " halts," and " forwards," as the skirmishers felt their 
 way through the tangled thickets of that uninhabited 
 isle ; the halt at noonday, the lunch and rest, prepa- 
 ratory to the advance ; as the soldier remembers all 
 these events, he is startled in thought, and at this date, 
 asks himself the question : Was I there ? Is it not a 
 dream ? No ! ~No ! ! It is a vivid reality, a real fact, 
 which the shadows of coming years cannot cover or 
 hide from contemplative thought. A campaign had 
 been opened. A battle with other enemies than that 
 of our fellow-countrymen was to be fought. A strug- 
 gle with clime, vermin and delays, filled the head and 
 heart of the soldier during his sojourn on those desert 
 sandy isles. The landi ng was the openi ng of an avenue 
 crowded with death and disaster. 
 
14:8 One Hundredth If. Y. S. VokmteerS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI 
 
 THE SIEGE OP CHARLESTON. — FORT SUMTER. — -ITS FIRST 
 REDUCTION. — ITS REINFORCEMENT. — THE LEAVING 
 
 OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN. THE ACTIVITY OF 
 
 THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. THE BASE OF OPER- 
 ATIONS AT PORT ROYAL. FORMER REDUCTION OF 
 
 ALL THE FORTS AND TOWNS ALONG THE COAST. 
 
 DESERTION OF BEAUFORT. EXPEDITIONS TO STONO 
 
 RIVER AND JAMES ISLAND. REBEL FORTIFICATIONS. 
 
 — FORT SUMTER TO BE REDUCED. 
 
 In connection with the mention of dates, facts, and 
 the personal record of individual officers and men of 
 the regiment, we have endeavored to give a condensed 
 history of the rebellion in the bombardment of Fort 
 Sumter, which as a work to be reduced, with that of 
 "Wagner on Morris island, constituted a large share of 
 the service in which the One Hundredth Regiment so 
 conspicuously cooperated. At this date the siege of 
 Charleston is a fact of memory, a wonder of sensation, 
 a grand display of ponderous artillery, the like of which 
 the world had never seen. Long ere the northern heart 
 was fired with the necessity of crushing secession by 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Voltmteers. 149 
 
 force of arms, Maj. Robert Anderson, apparently for- 
 saken by government, felt the instant need of self- 
 protection, as against the blood-thirsty renegades of 
 South Carolina. The explosions and ill umi nations at 
 Fort Moultrie, gave evidence to the chivalry of Charles- 
 ton, that, as a military work, it was abandoned ; and 
 the stars and stripes floating over Sumter told of the 
 prompt measures of the loyal Anderson in his exchange 
 of positions, that national honor might be maintained. 
 From the occupation of Sumter till the hour of its de- 
 struction, the position of its inmates was one of peril. 
 The opening year of 1861 brought no hope to the anx- 
 ious heart of the true and patriotic Anderson. No 
 aid in men nor supplies. The dark spirits of rebellion, 
 all had seemed to shadow that ocean fortress and its 
 brave defenders. When Mrs. Anderson, then an in- 
 valid in New York, learned of the imbecility of gov- 
 ernment and the critical position of her huBband, she 
 resolved to reinforce him with one true man in the 
 person of Peter Hart, once a subordinate officer to 
 Maj. Anderson. Hart was sought and found. Said 
 Mrs. Anderson, " I wish you to do me a favor." " Any- 
 thing Mrs. Anderson wishes me to do I will do," re- 
 sponded Hart. " "We must go to Fort Sumter." '.' I 
 will go, Madam." " But I want you to stay with the 
 Major." " I will go, and stay, Madam." They went. 
 No one but her physician knew her errand. South- 
 ward she was the only lady on the train, Hart acting 
 in the capacity of servant. Troops were hurrying to 
 Charleston. The wife was forced to listen to conspira- 
 
150 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 tors threatening the life of her husband. Charleston 
 was reached. She applied for a pass for herself and 
 Hart to Sumter. A pass for Hart was denied. " Tell 
 Governor Pickens," said the heroic woman, " I will 
 take Hart to the fort with or without a pass." The 
 pass was given. The brave wife and mother, with 
 mail bag in hand, was soon on her way. Sentinels 
 were answered. Now Sumter appeared in sight. " The 
 dear Old Flag," she exclaimed, and burst into tears. 
 The sallyport was gained. " "Who comes there ?" hailed 
 the Bentinel. " Mrs. Major Robert Anderson," was the 
 reply. Her husband caught her in his arms and ex- 
 claimed with choked expression : " My glorious wife," 
 and carried her into the fort. " I have brought you 
 Peter Hart," she said. " The children are well. I 
 must return in two hours." In two hours she left him, 
 impressed with the thought that she had buried her 
 husband and could look upon his face no more. She 
 took the cars for Washington the same night, refusing, 
 though once a daughter of the South, to accept hospi- 
 tality at the hands of those seeking the life of the 
 father of her children. Thus ended the mission of 
 this devoted woman. She had done what the govern- 
 ment would not, or dared not do. She did not send, 
 but took a valuable reinforcement to Sumter. Shall 
 history ever cease to praise and venerate that pure 
 and single-hearted woman? Never! no, never! ! Her 
 example served to strengthen the arm of the govern- 
 ment. The desperadoes of chivalry were outgeneraled. 
 Sumter was still saved to the Republic. Thus, from 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Voltmteers. 151 
 
 January 9th, 1861, to April 11th, did Maj. Anderson 
 live a life of hope and expectancy. Government had 
 left him to the tender mercies of a foe clamoring for 
 blood, and the fort, over which waved defiantly the 
 symbol of a nation, the existence of which was in 
 peril. Fate, it would seem, had reserved this little 
 band in Sumter to suffer, that loyal millions might be 
 warmed into resistance to treason and its dark designs. 
 The time had come for the women and children to 
 leave the fort. Parting scenes were touching and 
 affecting. Said one to her husband, " We have been 
 married seven years, and I know I shall not have 
 cause to blush for you." Another, with swollen eyes, 
 " Don't think of us, Ben, the children and I will get 
 along, your thoughts now are here." A third, holding 
 the hands of all she loved, exclaimed with pale and 
 bloodless lips, " May God bless and take care of you, 
 Thomas, I will never cease to pray for you. Do your 
 duty, darling. God forbid that my love should inter- 
 fere with that." Those liberty-loving women infused 
 into the hearts of that band of eighty doomed patriots 
 the grandeur of loyalty, the object of government to 
 protect the weak, giving them courage to resist the in- 
 sults of incarnate monsters and suffer the storms of 
 shot, shell, and red-hot missiles, to which they were 
 subjected during the bombardment. The circle of bat- 
 teries was completed. That memorable April day wit- 
 nessed a scene of metal hail, of solid shot, shell, bolts, 
 steel-pointed missiles and red-hot, messengers of fire, 
 concentrated upon the heads of the representative few, 
 
152 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 defending the honor of a flag insulted and trailed in the 
 dust by the traitorous thousands of the Palmetto State. 
 The echoes of that storm of iron hail wakened the 
 lumbermen of Maine, reverberated among the moun- 
 tains of Vermont, stopped with a click the spindles oi 
 New Hampshire and Massachusetts, reached the ears 
 of the miners in the depths of the deeply sunken coal 
 shafts of Pennsylvania, sending thrills of burning in- 
 dignation through the hearts of the millions of the 
 Empire State, rousing hosts of stalwart freemen 
 throughout the "great Northwest," demanding that 
 the outrage on the flag be avenged, and the inviola- 
 bility of the nation sustained. 
 
 Sumter was lost. The flag was saluted, hauled down 
 and rolled up, to wait its time of reappearance from 
 the ramparts of that dismantled fortress. The old flag 
 had now no resting place along the coast from Fortress 
 Monroe southward. 
 
 November 7th, 1861, witnessed the sublime specta- 
 cle of a wooden fleet, commanded by Admiral Du Pont, 
 capturing two finely positioned forts at the entrance 
 of the broad and ample bay of Port Koyal. Beaufort, 
 the Newport of the South, was quickly deserted, and a 
 panic filled the hearts of the people. Port Royal har- 
 bor, with a surface upon which the navies of the world 
 might ride at anchor, proved to be the base for all 
 future operations before Charleston. , Adjacent islands 
 were occupied. Gen. Gillmore, amid the marshes of 
 Tybee, before Savannah, planted batteries, bombarded, 
 breached and took Fort Pulaski, and straightway 
 forts Clinch and Marion, together with all defences 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 153 
 
 and towns along the coast, came into the hands of 
 Du Pont and his loyal comrades. 
 
 From Hilton Head expeditions were sent up Stono 
 
 ton, all of which were unsuccessful, save to elicit the 
 strength of rebel fortifications. The hour was hasten- 
 ing when Charleston, with its blatant chivalry, would 
 be rained upon with iron hail, forcing its citizens, 
 with sullen reluctance, from sumptuous homes and de- 
 lightful promenades, as the first fruits of treason, arro- 
 gance and folly. 
 
 From Fortress Monroe to Florida, there was felt 
 among military commanders, that the full power of 
 the government along that line was about to be cen- 
 tred in the recovery of the first loss, which inspirited 
 the wavering masses of the loyal North to end treason, 
 humiliate traitors, and preserve the unity of the Re- 
 public. Transports with troops were quietly gliding 
 along the coast, and resting silently at anchor in the 
 harbor of Port Royal. A feverish activity prevailed. 
 Monitors had outridden the gales of the Atlantic, save 
 one, the Merrimac's antagonist and destroyer; her 
 work was finished, and above her, around Hatteras, 
 the sea dirge is heard, as a requiem in memory of that 
 grand check in Hampton Roads given to the rebel 
 monster, which saved a people and a commerce, and 
 ensured the ultimate safety of the nation. Monitors, 
 with the Keokuk and New Ironsides, were moored be- 
 side the frowning hulls of the Wabash, and other ves- 
 sels of our wooden navy, specimens of wonder, and to 
 veteran seamen objects of ridicule and merriment. 
 
154 One Himdredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR THE ATTACK UPON CHARLESTON BY BOTH 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY. THE DEFENCES OF THE CITY OF 
 
 CHARLESTON. THE OBSTRUCTIONS IN THE CHANNEL. 
 
 THE POSITION OF TROOPS AT THE NORTH END OF 
 
 FOLLY ISLAND. APRIL 7TH, THE NAVY MOVE UP TO 
 
 ATTACK SUMTER. BOMBARDMENT CONTINUES ONE 
 
 HOUR AND FORTY MINUTES. KEOKUK LOST, FLEET 
 
 WITHDRAWN. NUMBER OF GUNS AND THEIR CHAR- 
 ACTER. THE SMALL LOSS OF THE IRONCLADS. 
 
 Troops were landed, drilled and organized on the 
 islands of St. Helena, Port Royal and Beaufort, pre- 
 paratory to a cooperation with the iron clads in the 
 coming attack upon Charleston. Simultaneous with 
 the moving of the navy, transports were landing men, 
 as noted, upon Cole's and Folly islands, next south of 
 Morris island, in clear view of Sumter, Charleston 
 and surrounding batteries. 
 
 In a circular issued by R. S. Ripley, brigadier gen- 
 eral, commanding defences of Charleston, December 
 26th, 1862, forts Sumter, Moultrie, Bee, Beauregard, 
 Cumming's Point and "Wagner, mounted seventy-six 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 155 
 
 guns of various calibre, hurling bolts, steel-pointed 
 shot, red-hot shot, and shell with molten iron. The 
 
 every conceivable impediment to entangle and discon- 
 cert the advance of the Union Navy, composed of the 
 New Ironsides, the monitors Passaic, Weekawken, 
 Montauk, Patapsco, Oatskill, Nahant, and the Keo- 
 Jcuk, not an Ericsson monitor. The monitors were 
 armed with fifteen and eleven-inch guns. The Keo- 
 kuk carried two eleven-inch guns, and was less heavily 
 armed than the monitors. The New Ironsides carried 
 sixteen eleven-inch Dahlgreen guns and one heavy 
 rifle. There were three circles of fire within practiced 
 range of the rebel batteries. Points within these cir- 
 cles would invite the concentrated fire of seventy-six 
 guns, though our own officers estimated the number 
 at one hundred. Bearing upon these points were 
 seven-inch and eight-inch Brooke and Blakely rifles, 
 and ten-inch Columbiads, for which had been prepared 
 square-headed bolts much heavier than ordinary shot, 
 and guns for hot shot and shells containing molten 
 iron. These the ironclads were to meet in these sep- 
 arate circles in succession, while advancing along the 
 channel. These guns had been so tried that there 
 could be no random shooting. The rebel plan of de- 
 fence lacked nothing which skill, experience and science 
 could suggest. The city of Charleston was defended 
 at all assailable points by batteries of a formidable 
 character. There was a battery at the outward ex- 
 tremity of Sullivan's island guarding Maffit's channel. 
 
156 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 One near the Moultre House called Fort Beauregard. 
 Fort Moultrie, a little farther westward, had been 
 greatly strengthened since its evacuation by Maj. An- 
 derson. Near it, on the western end of Sullivan's 
 island, was a strong earthwork named Battery Bee. 
 Another commanded the mouth of Cooper river. In 
 front of the city, and one mile from it, was Old Castle 
 Pinckney. Sumter stands in the channel midway be- 
 tween forts Moultrie and Gregg, the most formidable 
 of all. On the south side of the city a battery com- 
 manded the mouth of Ashley river. On the extreme 
 point of James island was Fort Johnson, and between it 
 and Castle Pinckney was Fort Ripley, on a submerged 
 sand bank, with an armament of heavy guns. On 
 Cumming's Point, Morris island, was Battery Gregg, 
 and less than half a mile southward, was Battery Wag- 
 ner, extending from sea to marsh, with a bomb-proof 
 for fifteen hundred men. At the south end of the 
 island was a battery commanding Light House Inlet, 
 a narrow channel dividing Folly from Morris island. 
 An aggregate of several hundred guns were mounted 
 on all of these works, and mostly of English manufac- 
 ture. Added to these batteries were rows of piles ob- 
 structing the main channel, with an opening inviting 
 vessels to enter, at which point was a mine containing 
 five thousand pounds of gunpowder. Between forts 
 Sumter and Moultrie was a heavy rope buoyed with 
 casks holding a perfect tangle of nets, cables and lines 
 attached to torpedoes. These torpedoes were to be 
 exploded by means of electricity transmitted through 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 157 
 
 wires from batteries at forts Sumter and Moultrie. 
 Torpedoes were placed at all vulnerable points, to be 
 
 marine table land, dotted with engines of death, with 
 the grim monster waiting the electrical warning to 
 commence his fiendish work of carnage and ruin. Into 
 this net-work of certain destruction the brave Du Pont 
 ordered that little group of ironclads, accompanied by 
 the New Ironsides, within and across the bar, face to 
 face with heavily armed batteries on every hand. Out- 
 side lay the wooden fleet waiting to cover the advance 
 of infantry from Folly island when ordered forward. 
 
 Meanwhile the One Hundredth Regiment held 
 the advance on Folly island. Moved to the head 
 of the island and relieved Cos. "D," "K" and " C,"- 
 and posted Cos. "A," "B," "F," "H" and "I." 
 Company " H," commanded by Oapt. Charles E. Wal- 
 bridge, was thrown to the northwest point of the island 
 in close proximity to Light House Inlet. A clear 
 view of Secessionville and Sumter were had in the 
 distance. Subsequently the Thirty-ninth Illinois and 
 Sixty-second Ohio came to the center of the island 
 and halted. Folly island is seven miles long, and 
 from one-fourth to one mile in width. At the time of 
 our landing it was covered with a dense thicket of un- 
 derbrush, together with timber of large and small 
 growth interspersed with the palmetto. The march 
 along its length, even at noonday, was lonely. An 
 uninhabited isle, a fit abode for wreckers, the white 
 sands, the monotonous moan of the surf at high and 
 
158 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 low tide, and the lifeless appearance of tree and shrub, 
 all contributed to fill the mind of the soldier with de- 
 spondency and gloom. One solitary habitation was all 
 the island contained. It was situated on the west 
 side, on the bank of Folly river, overlooking the marsh 
 beyond, James island, and the towns of Legareville 
 and Secessionville. This was the situation of the One 
 Hundredth Regiment on the morning of the 7th of 
 April. It held and occupied the extreme point of 
 Folly island, spectators of that grand though fruitless 
 effort to reduce Fort Sumter. The regiment was on 
 a short allowance of food and no fresh water. The 
 ironclads in the channel were preparing for the 
 grandest display of pyrotechnics ever witnessed. 
 Capt. Payne, the scout, could be seen stealthily crouch- 
 ing behind thicket and palm, with field glass in hand, 
 watching the movements of the " gray backs " among 
 the sand hills on Morris island. In the swamp grass, 
 under a blazing sun, as anxious pickets, we waited the 
 booming of the first gun announcing that the artillery 
 carnival had opened. Breathlessly we watched the 
 monitors as they moved within range of the batteries 
 on Morris island, and not a gun from Wagner or 
 Gregg disturbed the awful stillness of the scene. It 
 was a novel and singular sight to see those circular 
 towers with the New Ironsides, stripped of rigging, 
 towering above, a Gulliver among Lilliputs, all slowly 
 grouping, as if for mutual protection, while steadily 
 nearing the armed parapets of Sumter. Soon the 
 silence of earth and air was broken, as at 3.20 P. M. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volimteers. 159 
 
 the curled smoke from the barbette guns of Sum- 
 ter told to us, the infantry, that the magnificent 
 spectacle was on, and the opening' view blazed 
 simultaneously from adjacent batteries. The air 
 seemed filled with exploding shell. Around and 
 near the monitors columns of water were continually 
 ascending, which, together with the wreaths of smoke 
 from exploding shell, helped to make the most sub- 
 lime sight ever witnessed. The thunder storms of 
 all the planets combined, could such a conception be 
 realized, could not equal the deafening roar which 
 saluted all ears. Within the circling jaws of five bat- 
 teries, bristling with the heaviest ordnance America 
 and England could produce, those little monitors en- 
 dured, for one hour and forty minutes, what would 
 have destroyed the navies of the world. Air and 
 islands shook with the successive discharges of artil- 
 lery, while the hearts of the soldiery were beating with 
 hopes and fears as to the ultimate of this modern 
 naval experiment. Our government was waiting, 
 foreign nations were waiting, and the good and patri- 
 otic everywhere were praying to the " God of battles " 
 that the brave old admiral and his equally brave and 
 gallant officers and men might come forth from that 
 hell of hot shot and steel-pointed bolts, victorious and 
 unharmed. The thunders of the bombardment ceased. 
 The smoke of battle lifted, and for one hour and forty 
 minutes that little group of ironclads lived in that at- 
 mosphere of deadly missiles, a thousandfold more 
 terrific than heaven's artillery ever produced in her 
 
160 One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 most awful aspect, blended with the thunders and 
 lightnings above and the earthquake's roar beneath. 
 At 5 P. M. Du Pont signaled the fleet to withdraw. 
 The Keokuk was lost, riddled with ninety shots, some 
 of which were eighteen inches in diameter. Sinking, 
 she was withdrawn, passing the batteries on Morris 
 island, Gregg and Wagner, and went down abreast of 
 the works on the south end of the island at 8 P. M., in 
 full view of the One Hundredth Regiment on the north 
 end of Folly island. Most of the monitors had sus- 
 tained slight, and others, apparently, severe injuries. 
 Only one man died of injuries received, and twenty- 
 five were wounded, principally on board of the Keo- 
 kuk and Nahant. The monitors' guns used thirty-five 
 pounds of powder at each charge. The weight of each 
 shot was four hundred and twenty pounds, which, 
 when fired, rushes through its parabola with the weight 
 of ten thousand tons home to its mark, while the ene- 
 my's shot were striking turrets and decks as fast as 
 the ticking of a watch. The rebel batteries fired at 
 the rate of one hundred and sixty shots per minute at 
 a distance of only five hundred to eight hundred yards. 
 The larger number glanced from the monitors as 
 though they were pistol shots. Gen. Ripley aifirms 
 that only seventy-six guns were trained upon the 
 squadron. And these not the lighter ordnance, such 
 as thirty-two or forty-two pounders, which form usually 
 the armaments of forts, but of the very heaviest cali- 
 bre,— the finest and largest guns from the spoils of the 
 Norfolk navy yard, the splendid ten-inch and eleven- 
 
CHARLES E. WALBRIDGE. 
 Lt.col and A.Q.M.U.S.Vols. 
 
One Bimcbredth If. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 161 
 
 inch guns cast at the Tredegar, works, Eichmond, to- 
 gether with the most approved English rifled guns 
 made. It is estimated that the Confederates fired 
 three thousand five hundred shots. During this and 
 subsequent operations against Sumter and adjacent 
 batteries, the nine ironclads fired eight thousand pro- 
 jectiles, and received eight hundred and eighty-two 
 hits. There were six hundred and fifty-three and one- 
 half tons of iron used. The Montauk was hit two 
 hundred and fourteen times, and the WeehawJcen one 
 hundred and eighty-seven, and almost entirely by ten- 
 inch shot. 
 
162 One Hundredth If. T. 8. Volvmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 THE NIGHT AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT. THE ONE HUN- 
 DREDTH REGIMENT RELIEVED. A BATTERY PLANTED. 
 
 SIXTY REBELS SWEEP AROUND THE HEAD OF THE 
 
 ISLAND. BATTERY WITHDRAWN. ONE HUNDREDTH 
 
 ORDERED TO COLE'S ISLAND. LANDED ON COLE'S 
 
 ISLAND. — ORDERED TO FOLLY ISLAND. — WENT INTO 
 
 CAMP. A VIEW OF THE SITUATON. — POSITION OF 
 
 TROOPS. A DESCRIPTION OF BEAUFORT, THE NEW- 
 PORT OF THE SOUTH. 
 
 The day closed, the night was clear and quiet, save 
 the rocket signals between the city of Charleston, 
 Sumter and surrounding batteries, as well as between 
 the various vessels of our own fleet. Orders were 
 given to the pickets to fire upon all persons approach- 
 ing the line from the outside. To the pickets the 
 ground beyond the line was strange and unknown. 
 An incident happened to the writer which, but for a 
 circumstance, and these pages, if written at all, would 
 have been written by another. We were anxious to 
 get a clearer view of the space beyond our position, as 
 sleep was out of the question, and the power of mili- 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 163 
 
 tary had not taken the hold of after years. We strayed, 
 as it proved, outside of the picket line, and in our ap- 
 proach to it was discovered by the picket. We spoke, 
 and our voice saved us, as the person addressed was a 
 former pupil, and there were two overjoyed hearts 
 when the fact was seen and fully understood. A few 
 nights subsequent to this a captain of the Thirty-ninth 
 Illinois was shot by one of his own men, having wan- 
 dered outside of the line while visiting the pickets. 
 
 Morning dawned and a day of suspense followed, 
 while gradually the conviction was entertained by the 
 land forces that the expedition as planned was at an 
 end. Folly island was to be held for future operations. 
 As yet no rebels had been seen on the island. 
 
 Col. Dandy arrived at 10 A. M., Wednesday, April 
 8th, and relieved Lieut. Col. Otis, taking command. 
 The regiment was ordered one and a half miles to the 
 rear. Col. Dandy remained to the front with a few 
 men for observation. The next morning Lieut. Col. 
 Otis went to the front to relieve pickets, and Col. 
 Dandy came to the rear. The rebels had planted guns 
 three hundred yards from our pickets in plain view of 
 the north point of Folly island. Our men were kept 
 from view and not permitted to fire. Gen. Vogdes 
 arrived at the Campbell House and took command. 
 Kegiment up all night hauling a battery of guns to the 
 front. Encamped and commenced to arrange it for 
 a short or long stay, as orders might determine. 
 Nothing had arrived from old camp but a little pork, 
 hard tack and coffee. The enemy came over on the 
 
164 One Hvmdredth JV. Y. S. Vbhmteers. 
 
 morning of the 11th, about sixty in number, and fired 
 into our pickets, and Corp. Charles Sabin, of Co. "H," 
 was shot in the heel, and subsequently died, and one 
 man taken prisoner. The rebels swept around the 
 battery commanded by Col. Dandy, without knowing 
 its position, and left the island. The regiment was 
 under arms till 4 A. M. The pickets were very indig- 
 nant to think that they could not return the fire of the 
 enemy. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Otis again relieved Col. Dandy, and 
 during the night of the 11th and morning of the 12th 
 the cannon were hauled to the rear, to a more favor- 
 able position. The Sixty-second Ohio was sent for- 
 ward to relieve the One Hundredth ; still, Col. Dandy 
 took Co. "D" to the front and spent the night. The 
 regiment was ordered back to Cole's island, and the 
 men shouldered knapsacks and turned to retrace their 
 steps after the excitement of a few adventurous days. 
 Waited for transports. Got on board at 1$- P. M., 
 and disembarked on Cole's island at 4 P. M. Lieut. 
 Col. Otis, as field officer, posted the pickets. All quiet. 
 
 Wednesday, April 15th. Ordered to move camp. 
 Struck tents, shipped baggage on board scow at 10 
 A. M. Shipped regiment at 3 P. M., and transhipped 
 to Folly island and landed at 7 P. M. The right wing 
 was sent forward with Lieut. Col. Otis, and marched 
 for the Campbell House, reaching the place at 11 P. M. 
 The left wing arrived during the night. The regi- 
 ment bivouacked on damp ground, and the heavy 
 dew of the night was equal to rain, wetting blankets 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 165 
 
 and clothing, which only the morning sun could restore 
 to comfort and agreeable feeling. Adj. Haddock, who 
 had remained at Gloucester Point sick, arrived and 
 entered upon the discharge of his duties, relieving 
 Lieut. Evert, who had acquitted himself in a creditable 
 manner. The regiment pitched camp in the forenoon, 
 and the camp equipage arrived. Col. Dandy and three 
 companies went on picket. Alarms were frequent. 
 Our gunboats shelled the enemy on James island. The 
 labor of fatigue commenced. Roads w.ere constructed 
 to the picket line. Four regiments had been left as per- 
 manent occupants of Folly island, known as Howell's 
 brigade, of which the One Hundredth New York was 
 one. The infantry forces were distributed on Folly 
 island, Cole's island, at Seabrook, near the mouth of 
 the North Edisto river, Hilton Head, St. Helena and 
 Beaufort. This was the situation at the opening of 
 that memorable summer of extensive and successful op- 
 erations against Wagner, Sumter, and before Charles- 
 ton. The troops were generally pleasantly situated, 
 especially those at Beaufort. Beaufort, before the 
 war, was the Newport of the South. Situated on 
 Port Eoyal island, above the junction of Broad and 
 Beaufort rivers, and several miles from the ample har- 
 bor of Port Royal, it is said to be one of the healthiest 
 localities on the coast. As we sailed up the bay, in 
 front, around a point of land, was the famed town 
 of Beaufort. On a bluff, above the highest tide, 
 or bank naturally curved, were the once palatial resi- 
 dences of the Barnwells, Rhetts, and other chivalric 
 
166 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 sons of secession, the fathers of the never-government 
 to be. "Words are feeble to describe this isle of the 
 bay, this fairy land of the South, with a gem of a town 
 upon it. The stranger is surprised and bewildered at 
 the number of fine structures all along the bay, so 
 large, modern, and costly. In short these mansions 
 and their surroundings were all that wealth, taste and 
 art could suggest. The air is freighted with the ardma 
 of flowers. The oleander, magnolia, fig tree, lemon 
 and orange, as well as the live oak, all so naturally 
 arranged. To have staked these means of social bliss 
 and lose, is the best commentary upon the madness 
 and folly of rebellion. Either these island princes had 
 decided to sacrifice all to their idea of a separate gov- 
 ernment, or they fancied that they could not be dis- 
 turbed in their ease and luxury. The latter proved 
 to be a demonstrated error, since they left, as it was 
 announced from the house tops that the forts at the 
 mouth of the harbor were taken. " They left in a 
 great hurry." One well informed, says : "The needle- 
 work was found lying on the table where it was 
 thrown when the alarm first sounded, dresses, and 
 other articles of wardrobe in closet and drawer, silver 
 plate and elegant china in the side board, and books 
 on the shelves." The stampede was greater than the 
 rout of an army. The negroes commenced the pil- 
 lage before the arrival of our troops. The victo- 
 rious heroes were received by the colored ladies in 
 silks and satins that had adorned the beautiful forms 
 of Carolina's fairest daughters. "Why this decision to 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 167 
 
 sacrifice all these means of sensuous ease and their 
 corresponding mental ecstasy ? If for no other reason, 
 they must have felt that through the senses they had 
 attained the climax of earthly felicity, and sought a 
 change as a contrast to the state of indolence and 
 satiety in which they had reveled all their lives. In 
 6uch a spot and such a clime, with such surroundings, 
 one would think that they might have extemporized 
 an earthly heaven. One fact is worthy of mention to 
 show the exclusi veness of these modern nabobs. There 
 were no hotels in Beaufort. The proprietors of these 
 palaces lived here during the year. In summer the 
 human tide from afar set in. Each establishment had 
 its select, welcome and picked few, upon the principle 
 that like seeks like. Hence there were no resting 
 places for miscellaneous visitors, but each private res- 
 idence was a hotel for those enrapport with the head 
 of it. The beauty of the town is its naturalness, or 
 absence of artificial arrangement. The trees are ir- 
 regularly situated all over it, yet forming one un- 
 broken shade. These southern residences are so thickly 
 surrounded with trees that they are seen, as the bird 
 on its nest, through the branches. Such was Beau- 
 fort as we saw it during military occupation, with its 
 private residences used as hospitals for our suffering 
 and mutilated soldiery from the charges of Wagner, 
 and the sieges of "Wagner and Gregg, and before 
 Charleston. 
 
168 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vokmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 REGIMENT PITCHED CAMP ON POLLY ISLAND. — PAYMASTER 
 ARRIVED. — PAID TROOPS FOR SIX MONTHS. — CHAP- 
 LAIN LINN WENT NORTH. CAMP MOVED. ROADS 
 
 WERE CONSTRUCTED. CO. " H " DETACHED TO PAW- 
 NEE LANDING. PROMOTIONS MADE. PICKET, FATIGUE, 
 
 DRILLS AND INSPECTIONS CONTINUED. WEATHER 
 
 VERY WARM. CO. " C " DETACHED TO SOUTH END 
 
 OP THE ISLAND. GEN. GILLMORE SUCCEEDS GEN. 
 
 HUNTER. — ACTIVE OPERATIONS EXPECTED. 
 
 As intimated, the regiment began at once to pitch 
 tents and arrange all the details of camp. Lieut. Col. 
 Otis had charge of the details for making roads, as, 
 since the arrival of troops, freedom of passage over the 
 island must be had, screened from the observation of 
 the enemy. The days were very warm, and the nights 
 cool and damp, with dews equal to light showers ol 
 rain. Regiment moved camp again to smoother and 
 higher ground. 
 
 Sunday, April 19th. The paymaster arrived and 
 paid off the regiment for six months. Chaplain Linn 
 obtained a leave of absence of thirty days to go North, 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 169 
 
 and took the money of all soldiers who desired to send 
 to their families and friends. There was an intense 
 business aspect all over camp. In every tent could 
 be seen some one with paper, pen or pencil, record- 
 ing a few lines to loved ones at home. I wished, 
 often, that the people could look in upon the doings 
 of these regimental families, and observe what an 
 interest they had in the loved and remembered far 
 away. McOarty, the regimental sutler, arrived at 
 this, to him, most fortunate time, to glean all the spare 
 dollars of officers and men. He did a thriving busi- 
 ness with what few goods he had. Lieut. Col. Otis 
 held court martial and tried a number of cases. Gen. 
 Yogdes returned proceedings three times before he 
 was pleased, in accordance with his views, and so en- 
 tirely opposite to those of Gen. Naglee. Co. " H," 
 Capt. "Walbridge, was detached from the regiment and 
 located permanently a short way up the island, at 
 Pawnee Landing. A camp was laid out, wells dug, 
 and the usual routine of camp life observed. The 
 company was convenient for picket, as well as a sup- 
 port for one gun planted at that point to defend the 
 landing. The distance was about two miles from the 
 regiment. The weather became very warm, and hence 
 the underbrush was dry and subject to being burned. 
 It was not uncommon to fight fire for successive days, 
 to save camp and necessaries. The surface of the 
 island was completely burned over, to the terror of 
 vermin of all descriptions. The heat was oppressive, 
 and had it not been for the daily breezes from the 
 8 
 
170 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 ocean it would have been insupportable. The rebel 
 drums could be heard across Folly river on James 
 island. Life in company camp, detached from the 
 regiment, was monotonous. An occasional thunder 
 storm would purify the air. Flies were swarming, and 
 disputed every mouthful of food taken by the soldier. 
 
 April 30th. Kegiment mustered for pay. Lieut. 
 "William Brown assumed the duties of quartermaster, 
 with George G. Barnum, of Co. " H," as clerk, who 
 proved to be an efficient aid, and who was subsequently 
 quartermaster-sergeant, and lieutenant and quarter- 
 master of the regiment. Company drills from 6 to 7 
 A. M. ; dress parade at 8£ A. M., and guard mount- 
 ing at 9 A. M. 
 
 May 1st. Received a large mail, which was always 
 a festive occasion in the regiment. The men were 
 reading the daily papers from home, carefully study- 
 ing the contents of letters received, which were placed 
 safely in the pocket to be reproduced on picket, or 
 fatigue, when times of rest occurred. This bond of 
 connection could not be lightly estimated. It was a 
 source of power to the army, and the expense of mail 
 transportation was the most profitable investment, as 
 a rule, of all the expenses of the government. Changes 
 were occurring among the officers. Promotions and 
 discharges were the results necessarily of various 
 causes. Leopold Evert was promoted to captain of 
 Co. " C." ; Charles E. Walbridge, captain of Co. " H," 
 and Charles F. Gardner, captain of Co. " G." George 
 H. Stowits, Cornelius B. Adriance, Michael Friday, 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 171 
 
 and Leonard D. Howell, were promoted to be second 
 lieutenants, and also Carlos H. Eichmond. Hence in 
 the wake of these changes there was a steady system 
 of culture established, by which the non-commissioned 
 officer was preparing, in his turn, to become a com- 
 missioned officer. We may not note all these changes, 
 but the official record at the close of the volume, as 
 we have mentioned, will show all such that took place 
 in the regiment. 
 
 Military matters had assumed a steady and even 
 aspect over the whole island. Drills and inspections 
 were regularly held. Dress parade occurred at 8-J- A. 
 M. The regiment stood backs to the sun, and with 
 such order and quietude that a motion of hand or 
 movement of lips was not to be observed. The sun 
 at that hour in the morning would shine so warmly 
 that it seemed hot iron was applied at the back of our 
 necks. However, it was a fine sight : that large regi- 
 ment cleanly dressed, polished accoutrements, burn- 
 ished arms and white gloves, standing as a picture on 
 that desert isle, as a defence for the unity of the na- 
 tion. Most of camp labor and drill was performed in 
 the morning, as the heat was so great at meridian that 
 it was not safe nor politic to exercise the men. 
 
 May 13th. The men were ordered to clear brush 
 and prepare place for new camp, one of the sanitary 
 means for preserving the health of troops, that of re- 
 moving them from accumulated refuse and decaying 
 garbage. 
 
 May 19th. Another mail arrived. Camp was 
 
172 One Bimdredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 moved. Co. " C," Capt. Evert, was detached to work 
 on fort at the south end of the island. Lieut. James 
 H. Dandy was detailed on special duty in the com- 
 missary department at Hilton Head. The men were 
 furnished with white gloves for inspection and dress 
 parade. A small per cent, of men were allowed to go 
 home on furlough. Officers were coming and going 
 to Hilton Head and Beaufort for the purposes of mus- 
 ter out as non-commissioned officers, and muster in as 
 commissioned officers. Steamers were running regu- 
 larly from the south end of Folly island to Seabrook 
 on the North Edisto, and from thence to Hilton Head 
 and Beaufort. At Hilton Head an extensive dock had 
 been constructed, extending beyond low tide, at which 
 steamers were constantly loading and unloading for 
 various points on the coast, together with others taking 
 furloughed men North, and returning with supplies, 
 forage, ammunition and all articles needed for the 
 maintenance of a large army. The month of May 
 wore away under the command of Gen. Vogdes, but 
 on the air came signs of active operations. Gen. 
 Hunter, at a safe distance from the bombarding fleet, 
 prayed for the success of Du Pont, and at the same 
 time denied to the brave Gen. Strong the liberty of 
 making a night attack upon Morris island, to divert 
 the guns of Wagner, Gregg and Sumter. Hunter 
 withdrew his army of cooperation, and sailed away 
 to more comfortable quarters at Hilton Head, where 
 he had fought a paper warfare with Gens. Naglee and 
 Foster, and indulged in showy reviews before his abor- 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 173 
 
 tive advance upon Charleston. An officer of indolence 
 was to be supplanted by one of energy. Hunter 
 gave place to Gillmore on the 10th of June. Gen. 
 Gillmore, at "the time, was in command of a division 
 in Kentucky, and had won a battle at Somerset, and 
 more, had gained distinction as a successful engineer 
 in the reduction of Fort Pulaski in -the spring of 1862. 
 "With these foreshadowings of his ability he was called 
 to Washington, and at once proposed to take and hold 
 Morris island, reduce Fort Wagner and Battery Gregg, 
 and render Sumter powerless as a work for offensive 
 operations. 
 
 Gen. Gillmore reached Hilton Head the 12th of 
 June. The command was hardly turned over to him 
 before he started on a tour of inspection of the forces 
 and their situation in his department. Gen. Yogdes 
 was in command on Folly and Cole's islands. It 
 was evident that instant and vigorous operations were 
 intended. The quiet that had prevailed throughout 
 the camps of Howell's brigade was disturbed. Order- 
 lies were riding with orders to brigade and regimen- 
 tal headquarters, and an air of stir and excitement 
 reigned. 
 
74 One Hundredth If. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 ATTERIES TO BE CONSTRUCTED ON THE NORTH END OF 
 POLLY ISLAND. — THE CONDITION OP THE ISLAND 
 WHEN FIRST VISITED. — THE GOOD HEALTH OP THE 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT. A VISIT TO BEAUFORT. 
 
 THE RAID OP COL. MONTGOMERY WITH NEGRO 
 
 TROOPS. — THE GREAT CHANGES IN PUBLIC SENTIMENT 
 
 SINCE THE OPENING OP THE WAR. WEATHER WARM. 
 
 THE RESIGNATION OF LIEUT. OOL. OTIS. HIS 
 
 HONORABLE DISCHARGE. COMPANIES DETAILED AL- 
 TERNATELY AT THE HEAD OF THE ISLAND. REBELS 
 
 SHELL THE ISLAND. 
 
 Batteries at the north end of Folly island were 
 o be constructed commanding the south end of Morris 
 sland. When Folly island was first occupied, its ex- 
 remities could be reached only on the seaside, along 
 he beach and up Folly river. The island was a jun- 
 ;le so closely thicketed that its passage was one of 
 ;reat difiiculty. Previous to the arrival of Gen. Gill- 
 aore, roads had been constructed its whole length, as 
 rell as intersecting lateral ones for army uses, invisi- 
 >le to the enemy's observations. Gen. Vogdes had 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 175 
 
 with great pride constructed works on the south end 
 of the island, and inquired of Gen. Gillmore his opin- 
 ion of their merits. To which the General and Engi- 
 neer replied, that they were very nice if the island 
 was poised on a pivot, but they were on the wrong 
 end, seven miles from the place of need. 
 
 The military force on the island was increased by 
 detachments of the First New York Volunteer Engi- 
 neers, First United States, Third Rhode Island and 
 Third New York Artillery. Gen. Gillmore com- 
 menced work on the batteries the 15th of June. A 
 thousand men as guards and laborers were sent to the 
 head of the island to break soil for immediate opera- 
 tions. The work was continued night and day. Un- 
 der cover of thick brush and timber the works were 
 pushed rapidly to completion. Col. Dandy was in 
 command of the working parties during the erection 
 of the batteries. The rebels had constructed a high 
 tower at Secessionville, on the left, across the marsh, 
 from which they could overlook the low flat country 
 for miles around. The needed material for the works 
 was transported at night, so that men and teams were 
 unobserved. The rebels suspected that all was not 
 right on the island, and opened fire from their batteries 
 on the south end of Morris island, which made the 
 completion of the works one of peril, as several men 
 were killed and wounded. As no reply was made, 
 our silence gave the impression that we had been 
 driven from the island. 
 
 From this hour the sufferings of the men commenced. 
 
176 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 The heat and night work, with exposure to the damps 
 and irregular rest, caused malarial typhoid fever and 
 chronic diarrhoea. Up to this time the health of the 
 regiment was good, and as a rule it was better than 
 that of any other regiment in the brigade, or in other 
 brigades working with it. In this there was a won- 
 derful difference. The composition of the One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment from lake, canal, city and surround- 
 ing country, seemed from its elements to be better 
 able to endure the severities of clime and fatigue than 
 those from the careful and steady habits of country 
 farm and workshop. Whole regiments seemed to 
 manifest the symptoms of disease through sympathetic 
 affection, and were ordered away to quiet quarters at 
 Fernandina, and other localities along the coast, to re- 
 cruit and mend for the performance of duties assigned 
 them. The Chaplain returned to the regiment. Oapt. 
 Mayo, of Co. " A," was discharged, and left for home. 
 The writer had five days' leave of absence to muster 
 as second lieutenant, and had an opportunity of in- 
 specting more closely the several positions along the 
 coast. The landing at Hilton Head had become quite 
 a busy town, so large are the needs of an army in the 
 way of provisions for the consummation of its oper- 
 ations. At this hour, and under the vigilant eye of 
 Gen. Gillmore, the army had everything a willing 
 government could supply. A floating workshop for 
 the navy, transports loaded with provisions for man 
 and beast, and all munitions ready for instant and 
 active operations. The trip from Hilton Head up 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 177 
 
 the bay, Broad and Beaufort rivers, is very fine, as we 
 experienced it at the close of a warm day in the mid- 
 dle of June. 
 
 At Beaufort was the brigade commanded by Col. 
 Davis, from which the One Hundredth had been de- 
 tached. Previous to my visit to Beaufort, Col. Mont- 
 gomery, with his negro regiment, made a raid to the 
 main land to get recruits. The recruiting was a suc- 
 cess. He brought back some eight hundred negroes 
 of all ages and conditions, and of both sexes, about one 
 hundred of whom were put into his regiment. At the 
 time of my visit I found this collection from the coun- 
 try housed in one of the churches of Beaufort, to be 
 fed on government rations until distributed for use, or 
 dependency. Truly it was a novel sight, and the al- 
 most unintelligible jargon was indescribable. 
 
 Schools were established on all the islands within 
 our lines, and teachers from the North, mostly ladies, 
 were engaged in the work. We visited most of the 
 schools, and found that there seemed to be a desire on 
 the part of all to learn, as would be expected from a 
 class of persons so recently slaves, and now in the novel 
 condition of independence. In looking over the mat- 
 ter, educationally, at that time, we thought we saw 
 what has really been accomplished. That the ques- 
 tion of culture, the edtication of the slave, would be- 
 come a national work and a question of wide-spread 
 interest. So in our narrow quarters, with tallow can- 
 dle, we digested an article, and sent it to the editor of 
 the New York Teacher, and learned through its col- 
 8* 
 
178 One .Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 umns in a short editorial, that what we had amplified 
 as a matter of great moment could only be a minor 
 question of politics. So our Morris island thoughts 
 on education, with years of experience as a teacher, 
 found the darkness of the waste basket. But the 
 morning light of a few years has seen and is now shin- 
 ing upon thousands of school houses for ten thousands 
 of colored children, as well as upon normal structures 
 for the culture of colored teachers ; and more, a col- 
 ored senator now sits in the place of the once presi- 
 dent of the so-called Confederacy and former occu- 
 pant of the same seat, from the State of Mississippi. 
 
 Truly, great changes have taken place within the 
 past ten years in the growth and tendencies of this 
 people. We listen to exchanged messages around the 
 globe, o'er land and through the ocean's depths, while 
 thundering o'er plain, through valley and tunnelled 
 slopes, from far Pacific's shore, comes the iron steed 
 bringing from the orient representatives of five hun- 
 dred millions of people, whose illuminated faces beam 
 with the light and splendor of the Occident, welcomed 
 with the greetings of thirty-five millions of educated, 
 enterprising, free, American citizens : John China- 
 man and his Japanese brother reclining upon the 
 broad shoulders of brother Jonathan. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania was 
 encamped within the town. Its commander, Col. 
 Davis, on two occasions was in command of the post. 
 His description of the camp of the One Hundred and 
 Fourth is very minute, and shows what a soldier can 
 
One Ekmdredth W. T. S. Vohmteers. 179 
 
 accomplish in the way of adornment when within 
 reach of means to accomplish the busy working of 
 brain, in taste, skill and handiwork. The same and 
 similar results were seen throughout our army every- 
 where, evidencing the fact, that culture is everything, 
 and that it will control our actions under all circum- 
 stances. Our stay at Beaufort, though short, was 
 pleasant, and save the annoyance of the mosquitoes, 
 was all that could be desired. But like military 
 orders it had an end. Town, bay, and coast beauties 
 all were left, and soon the shores of Folly island 
 greeted our eyes, from which we receded only a few 
 days before. 
 
 The weather at this date, Monday, June 15th, was 
 very warm. The rebels had been throwing shells into 
 the camps at the north end of the island, annoying 
 the working parties. Capt. Payne and twenty men 
 went to a steamer aground off the island. The rebels 
 attempted to reach it, and our men drove them back. 
 Then the rebels commenced shelling the wreck, and 
 the Captain was obliged to retire with what booty the 
 men could transport. The regiment was called out to 
 await orders. In another attempt both the enemy 
 and our men endeavored to get a barge to the wreck 
 for plunder, which caused a brisk cannonade. 
 
 During the night of June 15th, the rebels threw 
 shells all night and most of the following day. The 
 time had come when there must be an end of military 
 association between the Colonel commanding and Lieut. 
 Col. Otis. The result, that of the resignation of Col. 
 
180 One Hwi&redih N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 Otis, is what could be expected as the end of what we 
 stated, that from the nature of things the appointment 
 of Col. Dandy could not work harmony among those 
 who organized the regiment, and who gave their 
 money, time and influence, which ultimated in success. 
 It could not be otherwise, than that a once civilian 
 should become restive under the imperiousness of mili- 
 tary ways and modes of treatment, too common be- 
 tween the volunteer and members of the regular 
 army. Lieut. Col. Otis resigned, and was honorably 
 discharged, and left the regiment and the service with 
 the good wishes of all who knew him, as a feeling, 
 sympathetic and fatherly friend. In the interim Col. 
 Dandy had been detailed on duty at the head of the 
 island. An order was issued forming the Eighty-fifth 
 Pennsylvania, Sixth Connecticut, Thirty-ninth Illinois 
 and One Hundredth Regiments into a brigade, to be 
 commanded by Col. Howell. The One Hundredth 
 Regiment was inspected by Lieut. Col. Jackson. In 
 the absence of Lieut. Col. Otis, Maj. Nash's duties 
 were doubled, and he was at once ordered at the head 
 of the island with Col. Dandy. Earthworks and 
 batteries were being constructed on the north end of 
 Folly, opposite Morris island. Co. "K" was sent on 
 duty for five days. Co. " B " was also sent. 
 
 Sunday, June 21st. Capt. Payne brought in four 
 rebel deserters. Paymaster paid the regiment for two 
 months. The rebels continued to throw shells on the 
 north end of the island, and wounded two men. 
 
 June 24th. Co. " C " was- still in camp at south 
 
RODNEY B. SMITH. 
 
 I?! Lieut IOO^Re4iNMS.Vols. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 181 
 
 end of Folly island. The weather was very warm. 
 The writer at this time was prostrate with typhoid 
 fever, and sickness was increasing to an alarming ex- 
 tent among the troops on the island. 
 
182 One Hundredth IV. X. is. vouimteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 PROSECUTION OF THE WORKS AT THE NORTH END OP THE 
 
 ISLAND. RESIGNATIONS. COMPLETION OF BATTERIES, 
 
 3d JULY. — ALL TROOPS AVAILABLE SENT TO FOLLY 
 
 ISLAND. TIME FIXED FOR OPENING, THE 10TH JULY. 
 
 — CAPT. PAYNE, THE SCOUT. — GEN. STRONG IN COM- 
 MAND OF THE ASSAULTING TROOPS. — GEN. SEYMOUR 
 
 IN COMMAND OF BATTERIES. BATTERIES OPENED. 
 
 REBELS FLED. PRISONERS TAKEN. THREE-FOURTHS 
 
 OF THE ISLAND TAKEN. FORT WAGNER ASSAULTED, 
 
 JULY llTH. A REPULSE. TROOPS INTRENCH. 
 
 The regiment was mustered for pay Tuesday, June 
 30th. The works at the head of the island were vig- 
 orously pushed forward to completion. The weather 
 was very warm, with occasional showers. What with 
 heat and fatigue, the men were worn and weary. 
 Lieut. Horace Baker was discharged the service. 
 Lieut. James Kavanagh sent in his resignation, and 
 was subsequently missing from July 31st, 1863. First 
 Lieut. Charles F. Sheffer sent in his resignation, and 
 was subsequently discharged the service, an officer of 
 genial manners and much missed by both officers and 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 183 
 
 men. The regiment had battalion drill, and from the 
 thorough inspections and supplies of clothing and am- 
 munition, the men felt that the trial event of moving 
 forward toward Charleston was about to commence. 
 
 On the 3d of July the batteries were essentially fin- 
 ished. Forty-eight guns and mortars of different cal- 
 ibre, were in position. The batteries were embra- 
 sured and reveted, and supplied with magazines and 
 splinter proofs for temporary protection, together with 
 two hundred rounds of ammunition for each gun and 
 mortar. It was summer. Every surviving soldier 
 engaged in that work will stop as with a shock from a 
 galvanic battery, at the thought of those nights of toil, 
 those days of rest, or attempted rest, with gnats, 
 mosquitoes and sand fleas ; the dragging through the 
 sand on the beach of heavy guns, mortars, timber and 
 ammunition, so stealthly and silently, with stars over- 
 head, and the white shifting sand beneatb ; the hushed 
 orders of officers and engineers, the lonely watch as 
 sentinels, piercing the dim haze of marsh, inlet and 
 ocean, the thug of round shot, and explosion of hissing 
 shells, the stifled groans of wounded comrades passing 
 to the rear, the large number in camp suffering from 
 malarial typhoid fever, the muffled drum, and ominous 
 volley fired over the graves of departed comrades, 
 all these facts and experiences are burned into the 
 memory, by the intense heat and suffering of that sum- 
 mer life amid the sand hills, thickets, palmettos and 
 sea dirge of that lonely barren isle, a fit abode for pro- 
 fessional wreckerB, not humane or enlightened men. 
 
184 One Hundredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 During the prosecution of the works, that daring, 
 resolute, reticent, and generally successful scout, 
 Capt. L. S. Payne, of our regiment, was rendering 
 important service by exploring the creeks, channels 
 and shores of James and smaller islands, often inside 
 of the enemy's lines, evading their pickets and sucess- 
 fully passing, avoiding and escaping from them, ascer- 
 taining the position, strength and apparent intentions 
 of the rebels, and even venturing into the vicinity of 
 Sumter, beyond the batteries of Morris island. There 
 was not an officer to be found on the island upon 
 whom the generals could rely with such accuracy as 
 on the representations of Capt. Payne. Not given to 
 imagery or over statement, his conclusions were the 
 results of very careful observations made up to, and 
 within the reach of, the various points inspected. 
 Hence, with his characteristic coolness and clearness 
 of apprehension, his superior officers learned that his 
 statements were facts upon which to base movements 
 and action. 
 
 Auxiliary to the contemplated attack on Morris 
 island, the reduction of Sumter and contiguous bat- 
 teries, an expedition was sent from Beaufort, com- 
 manded by Col. Higginson, of the First South Carolina 
 Volunteers, to destroy the railroad bridge between 
 Charleston and Savannah. The rebels had been in- 
 formed and were in strong force awaiting the attack. 
 It was a failure, with the loss of two guns and several 
 men killed and wounded. Another in command of 
 Gen. Terry, of Fort Fisher fame, against James island 
 
One Hundredth JT. Y. S. Volunteers. 185 
 
 to act as a feint, while the real attack, as intended, was 
 from the north end of Folly island. The design was 
 to command the causeways and bridges, hold James 
 island, threaten the defences of Secessionville, and 
 divide the forces between Morris island and the front 
 of Gen. Terry's column. So far the feint was a suc- 
 cess. Gen. Gillmore was concentrating all the dis- 
 posable force in the department on Folly island as 
 rapidly as possible. The troops were encamped or 
 bivouacked under shelter and cover of the timber and 
 bushes, which completely hid them from view. The 
 works at the north end of the island were of a very 
 formidable character, and gave evidence of great labor. 
 The gunners were ready at any moment to open on 
 the enemy across the narrow inlet that separated the 
 two forces. 
 
 The morning of the 10th of July was fixed for the 
 opening of the batteries. Hard by, in Folly river, in 
 boats concealed in the tall grass of the marsh, was 
 Gen. Strong with two thousand men waiting the time 
 of movement. The hour had arrived. The gunners 
 were in position, lanyards in hand, waiting the magic 
 word of command. The commanding general eagerly 
 waits the dawn. Day breaks. " Do you see that gun 
 on yon sand hill ? " asked Gen. Seymour of Capt. 
 Strahn, of the Third Ehode Island Artillery. "I 
 do," was the response. " Are yon ready ? " " Aye, 
 aye, sir." " Blaze away." The rebels were appalled 
 at the roar of artillery so near, and with such terrific 
 power. Island, inlet, river, ocean, and woodland 
 
186 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 echoed the startling intelligence that the siege of 
 Charleston had commenced. The silence of that 
 southern morn was broken, and for two hours the 
 detonating thunders of artillery were continuous, cre- 
 ating a panic of fear in the hearts of the rebels on 
 that sandy isle. At half past six o'clock, in the face 
 of a heavy fire of artillery and musketry, the boats 
 were ordered across the inlet, piloted by Capt. Payne, 
 who had made himself familar with every spot in that 
 maze of water and marsh. At the landing of the 
 troops, Gen. Strong, in his haste and excitement, cried 
 out at the top of his voice, " See the rebels run," and 
 at once stepped overboard in seven feet of water. 
 After a sharp and short struggle, full possession was 
 obtained of the rebel works at the south end of Morris 
 island, with eleven guns, camp equipage, and two 
 hundred prisoners. Dahlgren's monitors, the Wee- 
 hawken, Catskill, Monkmk and Nahcmt, opened a cross 
 fire upon the retreating rebels, as well as upon the 
 guns of Wagner. The Confederates were hotly pur- 
 sued by Gen. Strong, who without boots, in his stock- 
 ings and bare headed, mounted on a rebel horse, 
 caught by one of his men, led his troops as far as the 
 Beacon House, a once fine mansion, and the only one 
 on the island, but now sadly riddled with shot and 
 shell. The operations of that eventful morning were 
 full of incidents, attended with the hopes and fears of 
 both officers and men, the excitement of a night of 
 anxious watching, known only to those who have been 
 detailed to execute some apparently desperate and dan- 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 187 
 
 gerous enterprise. As soon as Strong's brigade had 
 landed, the boats were sent across the inlet and took over 
 the One Hundredth New York, Seventh New Hamp- 
 shire, and six companies of the Forty-eighth New York, 
 which joined the advance at the Beacon House. At the 
 Beacon House the troops were within range of the guns 
 of Wagner, but the men had become so exhausted with 
 the work of the morning, on account of the great heat, 
 that it was impossible for them to proceed farther. 
 The flags of the Sixth Connecticut were placed upon 
 the Beacon House, but they drew the fire of the enemy, 
 and were soon shot down. They were replaced by 
 those of another regiment. As mentioned, the moni- 
 tors rolled their ponderous shells across the surface of 
 the island to hasten the flight of the enemy. Previous 
 to the incidents related, Lieut. 0. B. Adriance had 
 been "Setailed as aid to Gen. Vogdes, and was con- 
 stanty employed. At the Beacon House Gen. Strong 
 was reinforced. The details were arranged, and Wag- 
 ner was to be assaulted at daylight, the 11th of July. 
 The assaulting columns were the Seventy-sixth Penn- 
 sylvania, Forty-eighth and One Hundredth New 
 York, Third New Hampshire, Ninth Maine, and Sixth 
 and Seventh Connecticut, comprising the brigades of 
 Seymour and Strong. The open space between the 
 Beacon House and Wagner, and from ocean to swamp, 
 every foot of it, could be swept by the enemy's guns. 
 They were waiting and expecting an attack. They, 
 too, had been reinforced. The first shock of fright 
 of the preceding day had passed. The rebels had 
 
188 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 strengthened their -works and ordered the plan of their 
 defence. Our brave comrades, flushed with recent vic- 
 tory, moved gallantly forward. Sheets of flame flashed 
 from the parapets of the fort. Grape-shot and canis- 
 ter went scattering through the ranks of those valiant 
 men. On they pushed. The ditch was gained, crossed, 
 and the parapet scaled ; but for the want of supports 
 those heroes of a day were obliged to retire, leaving 
 their killed and wounded in the hands of the enemy. 
 Had this assault been made as an ending of the work 
 so brilliantly done the day before, there is no doubt 
 Wagner would have fallen and many lives saved that 
 were lost in the subsequent assault and siege, before 
 that stronghold received the protecting folds of the 
 stars and stripes. Though repulsed, the island must 
 be held, and at the Beacon House the scattered forces 
 were collected, and began at once to intrench for future 
 operations. Morris island is a narrow bed of sand 
 north of Folly, on the west side of the outer harbor. 
 Its length from Cumniings' Point to Light House Inlet 
 is about three miles, while its breadth varies from a 
 few hundred yards to a hundred feet in its narrowest 
 part. Sand hills range along the beach, washed by the 
 tidal waves which sweep across the island at various 
 points. The opposite side slopes off into salt marshes 
 more than two miles in width, with deep creeks 
 separating it from James island. Self protection is 
 the first law of a soldier, as of a civilian. "Weariness 
 is no excuse for the want of temporary intrenchments. 
 The were constructed. The batteries from Folly, no 
 
One Hundredth i\T. Y. S. Vohmteers. 189 
 
 longer needed, were transported to Morris, and in five 
 days were in position against Wagner. The work was 
 accomplished under the fire of "Wagner and Sumter's 
 guns. 
 
190 One Hundredth W. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 GEN. GILLMOEe's CONGEATULATOEY OEDEE TO THE TEOOPS. 
 
 — SPECIAL MENTION OP GENS. STBONG AND SETMOUE. 
 
 — CAPT. L. S. PAYNE. — A SECOND ASSAULT TO BE 
 MADE ON WAGNEE. — BATTERIES BROUGHT PROM 
 POLLT AND PLANTED BEFORE "WAGNER. — OTHER 
 
 TEOOPS OEDEEED ON TO MOEEIS ISLAND. SEVERE 
 
 FATIGUE AND DANGEROUS PICKETING. — JULY 18th, 
 AT THE EDGE OF EVENING, THE ASSAULT TO BE MADE. 
 
 THE IRONCLADS TO ASSIST. BRIGADES OF SET- 
 MOUE, PUTNAM AND STRONG. STRONG LED THE 
 
 ADVANCE. THE BOMBARDMENT CONTINUED ALL DAT. 
 
 — AT NIGHT THE TROOPS ASSAULTED AND WERE EE- 
 PULSED. 
 
 Gen. Gillmore issued a congratulatory order to the 
 troops, July 13th, for the brilliant victory of July 10th, 
 and mentioning especially Gens. Vogdes and Strong, 
 the former for his energy and patience, the latter for 
 his heroic gallantry in leading his troops in the charge 
 upon the island under the fire of the heavy guns of the 
 enemy. The men were inspirited and cheered. Since 
 the failure to take the fort on the morning of the 11th, 
 the duties of the men were very severe. The danger- 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteer*. 191 
 
 ous picketing, and construction of batteries for future 
 use, were telling sadly upon the men, Many were 
 being wounded daily. Several were wounded in Co. 
 " I," July 13th, and one in Co. " G." Casualties 
 were very frequent. 
 
 A New York paper speaking of Capt. L. S. Payne, 
 of the One Hundredth New York, says : " He scouted 
 all around Morris island before we took it, and landed 
 in several places. He seems to have a faculty of know- 
 ing just where all pickets and troops are, and his life 
 is evidently charmed, for he has been fired on many 
 times at short range. He has command of all our 
 picket lines." 
 
 As we have remarked, generals relied upon the 
 accurate observations and reliable judgment of Capt. 
 Payne, and ordered their plans in accordance with his 
 representations. His valuable services were appreci- 
 ated, and he reflected honor upon the regiment to 
 which he belonged. 
 
 It had been decided, that a sudden attack, following 
 a heavy bombardment of fleet and island batteries 
 might put us in possession of the fort, and with it, the 
 entire island. It was to be a night assault. The 
 evening of July 18th was fixed upon as the time for the 
 sanguinary sacrifice. The brigades of Gens. Stephen- 
 son and Montgomery, were ordered from Polly island 
 as supports and reserves. Strong's brigade had the 
 advance, at the head of which were the Fifty-fourth 
 Massachusetts colored troops. The entire force con- 
 sisted of the brigades of Seymour, Strong and Putnam. 
 
192 One Bwndredth N. Y. S. Vobmteers. 
 
 "We wish, to reeord here a few facts relative t 
 Fifty-fourth. Massachusetts colored regiment, 
 other colored regiments that took part subsequ 
 in the operations on Morris island. During a vi 
 Beaufort previously noted, we noticed ahead o 
 mail steamer, General Himter, the fine new ste 
 De Molay, just from Boston, which we were 
 formed contained the Fifty-fourth Massachi 
 colored troops. We saw them land. "We sax 
 boxes torn open and the guns placed in their h; 
 They were northern negroes, and contrasted strc 
 with the negro troops on the island. The fo 
 showed northern culture and living, and the 1 
 that of their southern homes. "We will repeat 
 a few observations made at the time. Here 
 colored troops from North and South. !Nbw wha 
 we see in all this ? Why, evidently, that this \? 
 working out a great moral, civil and political 
 blem. The South will be changed. Here were 
 pictures. There on the shore stood a fine boc 
 men, recently from northern homes. They are lij 
 in color, more active and intelligent in their n 
 ments, than their southern brethren. To me it sei 
 Jhey were coming home. More will come. ' 
 will assimilate here, and at the close of the war j 
 will reside here. If the negro has been the inni 
 cause of the rebellion, then through Providence h< 
 be instrumental in meting out to the master in 
 the wrongs of centuries. They will fight, and 
 too, stubbornly and bravely. They know the con 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 193 
 
 and it is well that their aid should help to end this 
 unnatural and bloody war. There is a God in it, and 
 the principles of right and freedom will live. The fire 
 fed by southern passion will consume the hand that 
 holds the torch. The negro is naturally a soldier. 
 He is transformed since arms has been placed in his 
 hands. The gun and accoutrements make him proud, 
 able and efficient. He shows it in all his motions. 
 They learn as readily to handle a musket as a razor. 
 
 The Fifty-fourth was ordered on service immediate- 
 ly to one of the coast islands. Then, with the expedi- 
 tion under Gen. Terry before Secession ville on James 
 island. They were not idle. In the spirited fight on 
 James island they had distinguished themselves, and 
 now, they were to lead the advance on that rebel 
 stronghold, the already blood-sprinkled parapets of 
 ^Vagner. The regiment had arrived that afternoon 
 and reported to Gen. Strong at 6 P. M. Strong went 
 to their bivouack in the sand, and informed the men 
 of the contemplated attack upon. "Wagner; and that 
 they had been assigned the post of honor, and asked 
 if they were willing to lead the assault. They re- 
 sponded in the affirmative, and when the hour came 
 to move up the beach they marched at the head of the 
 troops. The assaulting columns were formed on the 
 beach at sundown. That no misapprehension may 
 arise relative to the bravery of the Fifty-fourth 
 Massachusetts colored troops, we will give an extract 
 from a report made of their fighting on James island : 
 " The Fifty-fourth fought very bravely. They had 
 
194 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 numerous invitations to become prisoners, under cir- 
 cumstances calculated to influence acceptance, but 
 they declined in every instance, for the terrors of bond- 
 age and strangulation and tortures, were worse than 
 those of death. Not a single' prisoner was taken from 
 the regiment. Not a believer in arming of negroes, 
 free or contraband, as soldiers, I must do this regi- 
 ment the credit of fighting bravely and well. 
 
 " Cowards would have forgotten the future in the 
 present, and sacrificed prospective danger for tempo- 
 rary security. The rebels attacked them with the cry 
 ' No quarter,' and they accepted the conditions of the 
 fight. Several fell pierced by many bullets, while 
 fighting singly with half a dozen of rebels, who were 
 trying to capture them. One black man, bayoneted 
 an ofiicer, who was leading a squad of men, and then 
 gave a thrust, which wounded a sergeant, just as 
 he was falling with five bullets through his body. 
 Another, whose arm had been shot off, brought his 
 musket off the field with the other hand, carrying it 
 till he fell down and bled to death." 
 
 This is the testimony of a not over favorable mind 
 to the negro soldier, though subsequent experience 
 told us that the negro, as a rule, was reliable as a 
 friend and confidant, and as a servant and soldier. 
 
 At half past nine A. H., of the 18th of July, the 
 first shot was fired from our batteries. The firing 
 was continued from the land batteries, and at half 
 past eleven A. M. the ironclads moved up within 
 three-fourths of a mile of Wagner, and opened their 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 195 
 
 fire from monitors and the New Ironsides / at 4 P. M. 
 the guns of "Wagner were silenced, and the rebels 
 had betaken themselves to the bomb-proofs of the fort 
 for protection. 
 
 Toward night a council of war was held, and it 
 was decided to take the fort by storm. The storming 
 columns moved along the beach deploying and 
 moving in column alternately, as the nature of ad- 
 vance, and surface of the island would permit, headed 
 by the brigade of Gen. Strong, followed by those of 
 Putnam and Seymour. The brigade of Gen. Stephen- 
 son was held in reserve. 
 
 It was not so dark but what the enemy could see 
 them forming, and they were expecting an attack. 
 The One Hundredth New York was a part of Col. 
 Putnam's brigade, and, with the other regiments com- 
 posing the brigade, had been waiting on the beach 
 under the bluffs during the day, for the decision of 
 generals to assault or retire. As recorded, they had 
 decided to assault. That carnage, that carnival of 
 death, that slaughter of loved ones, that hell of terror 
 and fire, that thunderous roar of heavy ordnance and 
 din of small arms, mingled with one of the most ap- 
 palling storms of thunder and lightning ever seen, or 
 experienced, such as only a southern sky can hold, 
 when the faces of the soldiery, as they advanced, could 
 only be seen by the lurid glare of heaven's lightning ; 
 this charge of brave men, over a smooth surface, 
 flanked by sea and swamp, with not a stump, tree, 
 shrub or hillock to " cover'" for a moment ; this 
 
196 One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 charge, this assault has been described often, very 
 often, by imaginary observers, as well as by actors in 
 that fearful drama ; but all fail, in the true, real, since 
 no one, nor a hundred minds in it, when out of it, 
 could remember it, as a whole, save as an awful expe- 
 rience, a wonderful escape from the very jaws of 
 death. 
 
 The exposure of the soldiery had been such for 
 seven days on that isle of shifting sand, attended with 
 heavy fatigue and dangerous picketing, that hardly a 
 message could be sent to friends at home. Worn out 
 and disheartened, the assault seemed but the end of 
 the beginning. As they moved on in the twilight, 
 shot and shell at the distance of more than a mile 
 would thin their ranks. Nearer and nearer they ap- 
 proached the volcano of detonating death. Shot and 
 shell were exchanged for grape and canister, when the 
 destruction became fearful. Encouraged and cheered 
 by their officers, those heroes pressed steadily for- 
 ward. The ditch was gained. A large number 
 mounted the parapet, and one corner of the fort was 
 taken and held a short time, though commanded by 
 the guns from the opposite side of the fort. In the 
 darkness friend was mistaken for foe. Cols. Shaw 
 and Putnam were killed on the crest of the parapet. 
 Gens. Seymour and Strong were wounded. There 
 seemed to be no ruling spirit amid this terrible mas- 
 sacre, this wholesale execution of daring and courage- 
 ous men. Supports were not at hand. The remnants 
 of the assaulting columns were forced to grope their 
 
C e Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 197 
 
 way in return over ditch and plain, still swept with 
 the enemy's guns; their ears pained with the cries 
 and groans of wounded men, while the dead were wait- 
 ing a burial, which to contemplate was to curse the 
 rebellion and its authors, with a curse that appals 
 the living and takes away the hopes of a future. It 
 was a dance with death. No amusement, no romance, 
 but a groping by the sides of torn and mangled com- 
 rades. No flight with winged steeds from the scenes 
 of blood and pain, but an hourly living at the mouth 
 of the tomb, with no requiem, save the moaning surf 
 along the sandy shore. The retreat was as deadly as 
 the charge. 
 
 " Cannon to right of them, 
 
 Cannon to left of them, 
 
 Cannon behind them 
 Volleyed and thundered ; 
 
 Stormed at with shot and shell, 
 
 They that had foiight so well, 
 
 Came thro' the jaws of death, 
 
 Back from the mouth of hell, 
 All that was left of tUem," 
 
198 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 THE REPULSE AT FORT WAGNER. — THE KILLED AND 
 
 WOUNDED; COL. DANDY'S LETTER TO THE BOARD OF 
 
 TRADE. THE BRAVERY OP THE ASSAULTING COLUMNS. 
 
 THE ISLAND TO BE HELD. FOLLY ISLAND THE BASE 
 
 OF SUPPLIES. TRdOPS ENCAMPED AT THE SOUTH 
 
 END OF MORRIS. THE ERECTION OF WORKS COM- 
 MENCED. THE "LEFT BATTERIES." THE BATTERIES 
 
 AT THE FIRST AND SECOND PARALLELS. THE " SWAMP 
 
 ANGEL," ITS CONSTRUCTION, COST AND USE. 
 
 With the repulse of Strong's brigade, the fearful 
 slaughter of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts colored, 
 and the short and bloody grapple of other regiments 
 with the rebels, on and over the parapets, came the ad- 
 vance of Putnam's brigade, and with it the One Hun- 
 dredth New York, Col. Dandy and Maj. Nash. Col. 
 Putnam inspired his whole brigade by his fearless, 
 gallant conduct. Stragglers were intercepted under a 
 hot fire, while the rear division of the Seventh New 
 Hampshire and a portion of the One Hundredth New 
 York were massed together, and essayed to get a foot- 
 hold inside. One corner of the fort was ours, and that 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volvmteers. 199 
 
 was swept by grape and canister and exposed to mus- 
 ketry. A messenger was sent for reinforcements. 
 Col. Putnam alone remained in command, and alive. 
 Gillmore, cool and clear headed, ordered on the brigade 
 of Stephenson. Soon a messenger arrived to say that 
 the brave and chivalric Putnam was killed, and that 
 our troops had retired from the fort. The support- 
 ing brigade was stopped and saved. Our killed and 
 many wounded, besides prisoners, were left in the hands 
 of the rebels. Our entire loss was fifteen hundred 
 aad seventeen. At how great a cost was the entity 
 of this republic purchased. This, added to the scores 
 of assaults and battle fields, and we have an aggregate 
 which staggers thought and bewilders mentality. 
 Wagner must be taken by siege, and for fifty days, in 
 ditch and along successive parallels, were the soldiery 
 forced to creep toward that obstacle, the destroyer of a 
 small army, "Wagner, the name and memory of which 
 will live while history has a record and governments 
 an existence. Had Wagner fallen, Gregg and the 
 island would have been ours, and Sumter could have 
 been reduced at short range. Gen. Gillmore con- 
 ceived the idea of reducing Sumter and Wagner to- 
 gether. Beauregard assured his troops that Sumter 
 could not be breached till Wagner was reduced. Gill- 
 more's one-hundred, two-hundred and three-hundred- 
 pounder Parrott guns at two and a half miles range, 
 told a different tale to the boasting Beauregard. 
 
 The list of casualties in most of the regiments of 
 the assaulting brigades was frightful and shocking. 
 
200 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 The loss of officers, field and line, was large in propor- 
 tion to the number of men engaged. 
 
 The loss of the One Hundredth regiment was great, 
 Co. " I," Capt. Brunck, happened to be on duty at the 
 south point of the island. Among the officers killed 
 and wounded, were Adjt. Haddock and Lieut. Charles 
 H. Eunckle, killed. Maj. D. D. Nash, who had been 
 wounded through the arm at Fair Oaks, was shot 
 through the thigh, and the only wonder has ever been, 
 that his tall, manly and striking presence, a sure mark 
 for the enemy's sharpshooters, had not long before been 
 brought low ; for most heroically did he cheer on his 
 men in that fearful hour. Lieut. John McMann was 
 fearfully wounded in the face and head, an officer of 
 steady, stubborn, bravery, as subsequently evinced in 
 many a fight, to the writer's personal knowledge. 
 Capt. Charles H. Rauert, shot through the arm, an 
 officer of tact, knowledge and experience, and one 
 upon whom his men could rely. Capt. Warren Gran- 
 ger was wounded slightly in the neck and face, and as 
 his record as a fearless spirit had been established at 
 Fair Oaks and through the Seven Days' fight, nothing 
 else was expected of him than that he would be in at 
 the death with his comrades in arms. Lieut. Cyrus 
 Brown, who had been but recently commissioned, was 
 sadly wounded, suffered amputation of one of his 
 limbs, and subsequently died at Port Schuyler, New 
 York, August 13th, 1863. Lieut. Michael Friday was 
 slighty wounded in the hand, but able to do duty very 
 soon. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vokmteera. 201 
 
 The record of non-commissioned officers is large, es- 
 pecially among the sergeants, which shows the efforts 
 they made to cheer and steady the men in that storm 
 of iron hail. First Serg. Edward Pratt was shot 
 through the arm and side, and who subsequently arose 
 to a captaincy, and was wounded as a lieutenant at 
 Drury's Bluff when with the writer, making a charge 
 on the enemy. He was one of those persistent, continu- 
 ous minds that kept right on till the end, and duty was 
 done. Serg. Frank Davy was almost literally cut 
 to pieces. Serg. John W.Whaples fearfully wounded. 
 Serg. Benjamin F. Hughson, subsequently commis- 
 sioned, severely wounded in thigh. Serg. George 
 Morgan badly in shoulder. Sergeants Everts and 
 Emery, Rustin, Gaylard, Lynch, Grebler, besides a long 
 list of corporals and men. The loss of Adjt. Herbert 
 H. Haddock was almost irreparable. He was compe- 
 tent, and every inch a soldier. 
 
 "We cannot close this, to us, unwelcome task of re- 
 cording the dead and wounded, without adding an ex- 
 tract from a communication sent to the Board of Trade 
 of this city, by Col. Dandy, who escaped unhurt from 
 that fiery ordeal of blood and battle. He says : — 
 "I cannot forbear expressing my admiration of the 
 officers and soldiers of the One Hundredth. Under 
 the most galling fire sustained by any troops since the 
 commencement of the war, the regiment marched un- 
 flinchingly in line of battle right on the works of the 
 enemy. I did not see a case of misconduct. All was 
 
 done there that brave men could do, and if we did not 
 9* 
 
202 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 succeed in taking the place, it was because, under the 
 circumstances of the attack, the condition of the enemy, 
 and strength of the place, it was impossible for brave 
 men to take it. The colors presented to the regiment 
 by the Board of Trade were planted on the fort by 
 Serg. Flanders, of Co. " A," who was killed in de- 
 fending them. Corporal Spooner, of Co. " A," 
 brought off the colors, after the sergeant was killed, 
 and although much soiled and torn, they are now safe 
 with the regiment. The dead and wounded heroes 
 whose names I send you have unostentatiously offered 
 themselves as a sacrifice on the altar of their country's 
 greatness and glory. While I here offer my heartfelt 
 sympathies to their bereaved families and friends, I 
 think I can perceive in the distance that light which is 
 the forerunner to our nation's returning greatness. 
 Such unselfish patriotism, such tremendous sacrifices, 
 so much bloodshed, so much suffering, will not be in 
 vain." 
 
 We should have said, that of the non-commissioned 
 officers and men killed, the number of each was 
 equally divided. The hospitals at Beaufort, Hilton 
 Head and the hospital steamer Cosmopolitan, all were 
 crowded with the wounded, and were cared for, as soon 
 as means and energies could be brought to their relief. 
 Large numbers were sent North, and the slightly 
 wounded remained in their several camps. 
 
 From the relation of the sad duties toward the dead 
 and wounded, we turn to the state of instant and ac- 
 tive operations. Folly island was the base of supplies, 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 203 
 
 and hence it was guarded, picketed and well defended. 
 Timber for firewood, batteries, magazines, stockades 
 and other purposes must be supplied. The labor of 
 cutting, hauling and transporting, required a large 
 number of men. The island was an extensive camp- 
 ing ground, for the necessary troops of relief; for fa- 
 tigue and picket in the trenches. And here we can- 
 not forbear to mention Capt. Charles E. "Walbridge, 
 the station quartermaster at the head of Folly island. 
 We cannot give in detail the extent of his multiplied 
 and various duties, in the procuring and forwarding of 
 supplies, for his business energy had long since been es- 
 tablished among general officers. At this time of the 
 army's needs he was indefatigable. He had in charge 
 the construction of a sawmill, for the supply of boards 
 and plank for the works in the siege of "Wagner. 
 Steamers, boats, mules, wagons, all were at his com- 
 mand and order, and most faithfully did he perform 
 his duties, from that hour till the close of the war. 
 Now, this city is yet to learn in the course of years 
 what the army was able to feel, that in the army quar- 
 termaster is a faithful, capable and intelligent citizen. 
 We mention individuals when we know that they in 
 their services have honored the regiment and the 
 service. 
 
 The engineers broke ground on the night of the 
 25th of July. Nothing was allowed to interfere with 
 the work. Neither the shot, nor shell of Wagner, 
 Sumter and Gregg ; nor the heat of a tropical sun, 
 which was terribly exhausting to the men. The bat- : 
 
204: One Hundredth If. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 teries occupied three positions. In the first and second 
 parallels, and on the western edge of the island, close 
 to the marsh, were the "left batteries." Most of 
 the work was done under fire. At the first parallel 
 was a battery mounting two two-hundred-pounder Par- 
 rotts, and two eighty-four "Whitworth guns, five eight- 
 inch, and five ten-inch siege mortars, two thirty-pounder 
 Parrotts and a Pequa battery. The distance of these 
 batteries from Sumter was four thousand yards, over 
 two and one-fourth miles. In the second parallel, 
 were mounted two two-hundred-pounders and five one- 
 hundred-pounder Parrotts in three batteries named 
 Brown, Rosecrans, Meade, at a distance of thirty-four 
 hundred yards, a little less than two miles. The "left 
 batteries," forty-two hundred and thirty-six yards from 
 Sumter, were four in number, named Hays, Beno, 
 Stevens and Strong, and mounted one three-hundred- 
 pounder, two two-hundred-pounders, four one-hundred- 
 pounders, and four twenty-pounder Parrotts, at a dis- 
 tance of nearly two and a half miles from Sumter. In 
 rear of the first parallel, and near the Beacon House, 
 were five ten-inch siege mortars. At times all these 
 batteries were used against Sumter. The most famous 
 battery was that known as the " Swamp Angel." It 
 was in the marsh, one mile from our left batteries, on 
 the edge of a creek, navigable at high tide. A pole 
 could be run down into the mud sixteen feet before 
 touching solid soil. To a lieutenant of engineers the 
 active work was assigned, with orders to make a requi- 
 sition on the depot quartermaster for what he 
 
One Hvmdredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 205 
 
 needed. When shown the spot, he said to Col. Serrell, 
 that it was simply impossible. The Colonel responded, 
 " that there was no such word as fail in Morris island 
 orders." The next day the Lieutenant made a requi- 
 sition for one hundred men, eighteen feet high, to wade 
 through mud sixteen feet deep, also enquiring of the 
 surgeon if he could splice the eighteen feet men if they 
 were furnished him. The requisition cost the facetious 
 Lieutenant his arrest, and the battery was built by 
 men of ordinary stature. It was constructed of sand 
 bags, brought from the beach at night. Gen. Gillmore 
 said that the material and making of the bags cost 
 the government five thousand dollars. It was begun 
 on the fourth of August, and finished on the nine- 
 teenth. A two-hundred-pounder Parrott gun was 
 mounted on it, which cost much toil to get into position. 
 It was situated eighty-eight hundred yards in a straight 
 line from Charleston, or five miles. Shells were thrown 
 into the streets of Charleston, at an elevation of thirty- 
 five degrees, and the two-hundred-pounder burst at 
 the thirty-fifth discharge. 
 
206 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteer*. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 COMMANDS CHANGED SINCE THE CHARGE ON "WAGNER. — 
 DETAILS SENT NOETH FOE CONSCRIPTS AND RECRUITS. 
 
 THE LARGE INCREASE OP SICK ON THE ISLAND. 
 
 THE SIEGE PROSECUTED WITH VIGOR. REINFORCE- 
 MENTS ARRIVE FROM THE NORTH. FOLLY ISLAND 
 
 ONE VAST CAMP. A BOAT INFANTRY ESTABLISHED. 
 
 CAPT. PAYNE, THE SCOUT, TAKEN PRISONER. — CHRIS- 
 TIAN AND SANITARY COMMISSIONS. — SURGEON KIT- 
 TENGER AND HIS COURSE IN THE DISCHARGE OF HIS 
 DUTIES. 
 
 The casualties of the charge on Wagner changed 
 the commands ; Gens. Seymour and Strong heing both 
 wounded and' unfit for duty, Gen. Terry was placed 
 in command of the troops on Morris island, while Gen. 
 Vogdes, who had command of Folly island, was or- 
 dered over to take command of Strong's brigade. 
 This left Col. Davis of the One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania the senior officer in command of Folly 
 island. The force, amounted to two thousand men. 
 
 The repulsed brigades encamped at the foot of the 
 island, and at once pitched camps, made the usual pro- 
 
One Mmdredth W. Y. 8. Voltmteers. 207 
 
 visions for water, and guard, and camp calls, while 
 orders, reports and returns were promptly completed. 
 The death of Lieut. Haddock called to the adjutant's 
 office Capt. Evert, who had served previous to our ar- 
 rival on Folly island. An order was issued to send 
 a complement of officers and men North for conscripts 
 and recruits to Hiker's island, near the city of New 
 York. Capts. Granger and Rauert and the necessary 
 men were sent. Capt. Rauert did not return to the 
 regiment, but resigned, March 16th, 1864. He had 
 made many applications to be sent to his regiment, but 
 was refused ; and being the senior captain, and entitled 
 to .the position of major, when the necessary promo- 
 tions were made, and as there was no prospect of that 
 being accomplished for some time, he was lost to the 
 service. He was a faithful, reliable and efficient offi- 
 cer. 
 
 Capt. Granger remained at Hiker's island till the 
 following June, and rejoined his company and regi- 
 ment at Bermuda Hundreds, on the James river. 
 
 The heat on the island became intense. Though the 
 days were so warm, still the nights were cool. Close to 
 the ocean's shore the breeze off the water was life-giving 
 and inspiring. The sick list was alarmingly on the in- 
 crease. The severe duty of fatigue at the front, in the 
 construction of batteries, mixed with the fear of ex- 
 ploding shells, was fearfully exhausting to the men. 
 The remainder of July wore away, the regiment was 
 mustered for pay; though limited in officers and less- 
 ened in the number of men, yet its share of duty 
 
208 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 and fatigue was performed with a less number on its 
 sick list than any other regiment lying near. 
 
 Later, the Tenth Connecticut, camped next to the 
 One Hundredth, had nearly three hundred and sixty 
 on its sick list, while that of the One Hundredth did 
 not reach seventy. Surg. Kittenger was ordered to 
 attend the sick call of the Tenth Connecticut, and as- 
 certain the true condition of the men, and reduce if 
 possible the large number of its sick. Most faithfully 
 did he perform his duty, but he assured the writer 
 that the number could not be reduced, and the regi- 
 ment waB sent to Fernandina, Florida, to recruit its 
 weakened numbers. 
 
 At this time there were nineteen hundred sick on 
 Morris island alone. These staggering, ghostly men 
 swarmed' the camps on the island, and was not with- 
 out its sad effects upon the rest just able to do duty. 
 
 August opened. The slightly wounded were return- 
 ing from the hospitals of Beaufort and Hilton Head, 
 and the steady labor at the front, together with the 
 regular explosion of shell from rebel batteries, were 
 the expected succession of events as each day suc- 
 ceeded the other on that sandy isle. 
 
 The absence of Capt. Granger and resignation of 
 Lieut. Sheffer, left the company in command of the 
 writer. Other companies were similarly situated, and 
 a few at times were without any commissioned officer 
 fit for duty. Truly Morris island was a place to create 
 desponding men. 
 
 The 2d of August large reinforcements began to ar- 
 
LEWIS S.PAYNE. 
 
 Lt.Colonel 100V Re£{N.YVols. 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 209 
 
 rive from the army of the Potomac. Folly island was 
 one vast camping ground. 
 
 At this time Oapt. L. S. Payne lived almost nightly 
 in the creeks, and in the bay about the vicinity of 
 Sumter. Toward the close of the day, with his* 
 picked men, and rockets under his arm, he could be 
 seen leaving camp for his boat, and his work of hazard- 
 ous expeditions. The day following his last departure 
 reports came to camp of his death, and a succession of 
 ill-omened tidings, which filled all hearts with dread 
 and suspense that subsequent facts only allayed, when 
 it was accurately known that the "scout" was alive, 
 a prisoner in Charleston, though severely and danger- 
 ously wounded. His work at night had been to indi- 
 cate the presence of the rebel steamers and boats by 
 sending up rockets, and our gunners in response would 
 train their pieces, and in one instance had sent a rebel 
 vessel to the bottom. The rebels were annoyed and 
 aroused, and resolved upon his capture. It was ac- 
 complished, and the generals on the island lost their 
 guide, who had served them long, faithfully and well. 
 Capt. Payne was subsequently commissioned as Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, Nov. 10th, 1863, though not mustered. 
 He suffered long in rebel prisons, and was finally re- 
 leased and restored to the bosom of his family and 
 friends. 
 
 The siege went on. Parallel after parallel was 
 opened till they reached five in number, with a trench, 
 or covered way, as it is termed, connecting each to the 
 other, and in which the details, as guards, remained for 
 
210 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 twenty-four hours, awaiting a " sortie " if attempted 
 by the enemy. The engineers and details for fatigue 
 continued their work nightly under the fire of "Wagner 
 and Sumter's guns. This daily confinement in a nar- 
 row trench was trying. and severe. The sand drifting 
 over the men, the heat of a burning July and Au- 
 gust sun, the inflowing of the tide at times, with 
 shoes and stockings around our necks, and nearly 
 swimming in our narrow ditch, the bursting shells as 
 thrown from " Cohorn " mortars and dropped into the 
 trench, wounding and killing our comrades hourly and 
 daily, to say nothing of the exhaustion by labor and 
 heat, causing fevers and chronic diarrhoea, making the 
 island a charnel house ; all these results were of daily 
 occurrence. 
 
 Without drums, and in silence, our heroes were 
 borne to their homes in the sand, and that ominous 
 volley told us, almost hourly, of that last honor to loved 
 and cherished comrades, whose places had been at our 
 sides in battle, charge and trench ; but now, neither the 
 thunders of the heavens, nor the artillery shaking the 
 isle, could wake them to duty again. 
 
 During the siege each day in the history of the regi ■ 
 ment was of a similar character. An hour before day 
 the regiment was turned out in line of battle on th« 
 beach. At sunrise marched in, and half an hour foi 
 breakfast. Then details for fatigue at various points 
 and nightly at the front ; and after the fall of Wagnei 
 they were sent in the morning as well as evening. 
 
 Gillmore's batteries were nearly completed at th( 
 
One Hwncbredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 211 
 
 time and ready to open on Sumter. Troops were sta- 
 tioned at various points, as preventives of surprise. 
 A boat infantry was organized to picket the creeks 
 next to Morris island. It was placed in command of 
 Maj. Sandford, of the Seventh Connecticut. The men 
 were relieved of all other duty. Capt. Ferris suc- 
 ceeded Sandford, and subsequently Capt. John Hen- 
 nessy, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, was placed in com- 
 mand. Officers and men were detailed from several 
 regiments. Lieut. Fred. Sandrock was detailed from 
 the One Hundredth for that duty, at once responsible 
 and important. Co. " D," commanded by Lieut. 
 Newell, was stationed near one of the streams, and 
 the company, from its experience with, and under the 
 direction of Capt. Payne, furnished details for explor- 
 ations and scouting through the swamps and creeks 
 next to James island. 
 
 This service, and that of the boat infantry, was both 
 dangerous and hazardous, and subjected the officers 
 and men to great exposure. Those engaged in these 
 duties will always have a lively recollection of the 
 long winter nights they spent in their boats, in cold 
 and storm, patrolling Charleston harbor, watching for 
 the approach of the enemy. 
 
 Temporary hospitals were established on the island. 
 What could be done for sick and wounded men was 
 done on the spot to save time and transportation. 
 The Christian and Sanitary commissions had pitched 
 their tents, and their welcome flags were flying. 
 Cargoes of ice arrived in the inlet, and were economi- 
 
212 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 cally distributed to the several brigades. Guards 
 were placed over the casks, and no soldier was allowed 
 to take more than he could drink, as none was to be 
 wasted or taken away. Sutlers were established on 
 every hand, and after each pay day, swept large por- 
 tions of the money received into their pockets. Photo- 
 graphers were taking sun pictures of newly made of- 
 ficers, and the men indulged in the same, so that many 
 a faithful likeness of soldier and friend found its way 
 North into the homes of those sufferers on Morris is- 
 land. 
 
 In closing this chapter we are urged from a sense of 
 duty to speak of the services of Surg. Kittenger. 
 Many a soldier and officer felt, while in the service, 
 that he was severe and unrelenting in the discharge 
 of his duties, as a surgeon, under obligations to the 
 government, to minister to the physical of the men in 
 times of sickness and its needs. We had felt the 
 stinging effect of his cool and deliberate judgments, 
 and often thought that more leniency, and an exercise 
 of the excusing power from service, and fatigue, would 
 have worked up a better morale in the regiment, but 
 now we see things clearer. The surgeon hated hum- 
 bugs, shirks and deceivers, whether found under shoul- 
 der straps, or the plain color of the army blue. He 
 knew that the government needed all its men for the 
 work to be performed, and hence his care to know the 
 real state of the case in hand, and decide for the sol- 
 dier, disinterested, and save him from the growing in- 
 sanity, too common, of disability and utter worthless- 
 
One Hwncbredih JV. Y. S. Volunteers, 213 
 
 ness and inefficiency as servants of the government. 
 From this time to the close of his term of service his 
 skill was made available at the most needed localities ; 
 an honor to the regiment and a saving to the govern- 
 ment of many valuable men, who under a more lax and 
 lenient officer would have become unfit for duty and 
 a burden to camp and the command. 
 
214 One Hundredth N~. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 GILLMORE's LAND BATTERIES OPENED ON SUMTER AUGUST 
 17TH. THE IRONCLADS ASSISTED. THE BOMBARD- 
 MENT CLOSED ON THE 23d. SUMTER WAS PRO- 
 NOUNCED USELESS FOR OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS. THE 
 
 SIEGE CONTINUED. THE THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH 
 
 PARALLELS WERE OPENED. THE TWENTY-FOURTH 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS DROVE IN THE ENEMY'S PICKETS. 
 
 THE SUFFERINGS AND CASUALTIES AMONG THE MEN. 
 
 AN EXPEDITION AGAINST BATTERY GREGG. IT WAS 
 
 UNSUCCESSFUL. 
 
 On the 17th of August Gillmore's batteries opened 
 on Sumter. The first discharge from a two-hundred- 
 pounder Parrott gun struck the parapet of Sumter on 
 the side next the city, and knocked down several cart 
 loads of brick, which fell on a steamer lying at the 
 wharf, and crushed her smoke stack. At the same 
 time the ironclads moved up to take part in the bom- 
 bardment. The monitors Patapsco and Passaic di- 
 rected their fire on the fort, while the other vessels 
 engaged Wagner to prevent her guns annoying our 
 batteries. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 215 
 
 The fire of the land batteries was continued through 
 the day without cessation, and by night the parapet 
 prebented a very battered appearance. The great 
 holes in the wall made it look as though pitted by a 
 strong attack of small pox. The firing was renewed 
 every morning from day to day, and ceased at sunset, 
 until the close of the 23d, when the fort for all offen- 
 sive purposes was destroyed. 
 
 All the barbette guns were dismounted and buried 
 up in the debris. The gorge wall and sea face were so 
 badly shattered, that in many places the arches of the 
 casements were exposed. 
 
 The enemy replied feebly and did but little damage. 
 The sight was an interesting one to the soldier, and 
 the accuracy of the aim at such long range was re- 
 markable. From time to time the fleet assisted in the 
 bombardment, but the men shut up in ironclads could 
 only stand it a few hours at a time, when the vessels 
 were compelled to retire. The fire of the land batteries 
 was continuous with rebefs for the guns. Six thousand 
 two hundred and fifty projectiles were hurled at the 
 fort. A correspondent of the Mobile Tribune, who 
 was within the fort during the last day's bombardment, 
 says : — " For seven hours, at close range, the fleet, 
 ironsides and monitors, hurled shot and shell into the 
 work, striking the wall near the parapet, loose bricks 
 were thrown up in columns and fell in showers around 
 the gunners. Walls were ploughed through, case- 
 ments were filled with sand, and shells passed across 
 the parade, striking the interior wall of the west maga- 
 
216 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 zine, containing powder enough to destroy fort and gar- 
 rison. One shell struck the ventilator and, explod- 
 ing, filled the magazine with smoke. Another more 
 successful shot and all would have been lost. It was 
 an anxious moment, but the fort was held. Gradually 
 the morning dawned. The fog lifted, and fort Moul- 
 trie opened fire on the ships. Instead of continuing 
 their fire at this critical period, the fleet withdrew and 
 the danger was removed. The object was now, in the 
 unsafe condition of the fort, to get rid of the powder. 
 It depended on time and the movements of the fleet. 
 Had the fleet renewed the attack the business might 
 have been done. The fleet delayed. 
 
 " Night after night the powder was moved in barrels 
 under the enemy's guns. Only eight hundred pounds 
 were left. The crisis was passed. The fort was now 
 safe from the explosion of powder in the magazine. 
 When the bombardment began there were a hundred 
 and thirty-one thousand pounds of powder in the 
 magazine, which was removed and shipped to Charles- 
 ton." 
 
 Sumter was reduced, and the guns of Wagner and 
 Gregg were only occasionally heard. Batteries on 
 James island were opened to enfilade our Works against 
 Wagner. Day and night, mid the explosion of shell 
 and the sun's heat, the siege continued. 
 
 The third parallel at the distance of four hundred 
 and fifty yards from Wagner was opened on the night 
 of the 9th of August. The fourth parallel was 
 opened on the 22d, at the distance of three hundred 
 
One Hvmdredth N. T. S. Volvmteers. 217 
 
 yards from the fort. A short distance in front of this 
 was a sand ridge, where the enemy's sharpshooters 
 were stationed, who annoyed our men in the trenches 
 considerably, and it became necessary to seize and 
 hold it before the approaches could be carried forward 
 beyond it. Col. Osborn, with the Twenty-fourth Mass- 
 achusetts, made a charge with the bayonet, which 
 was successful, and seventy odd prisoners were cap- 
 tured. A short time previous three regiments had 
 been selected to go out of the works nightly and drive 
 in, and nearer the fort, the rebel pickets. Of this 
 number the One Hundredth New York was one. De- 
 tails were made from the regiment, as from others, for 
 sharpshooters and the manning of the several batteries. 
 At the point where the prisoners were captured the 
 fifth and last parallel was opened. Beyond this point 
 the approaches were simply zigzags, making very sharp 
 angles, as there was not sufficient front to develope a 
 parallel. In this manner the engineers continued to 
 creep up to "Wagner until they crowned the counter- 
 scarp on the night of the 6th of September. The 
 enemy were confined to the fort and its bomb-proofs. 
 From the large number of torpedoes planted in front 
 of the fort, the rebels dared not make a sortie for the 
 destruction that would follow from their own infernal 
 machines. The nearness to the fort made the work of 
 engineers and fatigue parties doubly dangerous on ac- 
 count of the low trenches and indifferent cover for the 
 troops. At this time Surg. Hamlin, the medical in- 
 spector of the department, made a tour of the camps, 
 10 
 
218 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 and reported, that, should the siege continue much 
 longer, it would be more economical of life to make a 
 third assault than continue, as now, with the ther- 
 mometer at one hundred degrees and over, with pres- 
 ent daily losses, by casualties and disease. 
 
 Shells were exploding in splinter proofs and trench 
 daily, killing and wounding groups of men from five 
 to twenty. It was not uncommon to look upon a 
 comrade one moment in life and the next behold him a 
 shattered corpse. We have slept amid our unburied 
 dead waiting the morning light to bearthem to their hol- 
 lows in the sand. Whole regiments were ordered from 
 the island to Florida, that hospital of sick and weary, 
 and disheartened men, where quiet and the healthful 
 breezes of the ocean gave them strength and vigor 
 again. 
 
 The casualties in the One Hundredth Eegiment, 
 during the siege of fifty days, were one hundred and 
 four in killed and wounded. The nightly and daily 
 work of covering magazines, building splinter proofs 
 and digging trenches, planting gabions, and all done 
 with the fears kept alive by the continuous explosion 
 of shells and that unearthly scream of a Whitworth 
 gun, which allowed not a second for cover, but shell 
 and report seemed on the spot instantaneously. The 
 daily burrowing in the drifting sand during those long 
 days of August was torture and a slow death. 
 
 Soldiers who suffered there look into each other's 
 faces, and that island life is lived over again. What 
 hopes, what fears. On duty, companions with death ; 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 219 
 
 off duty, we were free from anguish and that living 
 death which is indescribable. How wide the contrast, 
 within range of shell and out of range. None save 
 those who have experienced the two dissimilar sensa- 
 tions can understand their weighty significance. At 
 this stage in the history of the siege, Gen. Gillmore's 
 attention was called to the probable success of a night 
 attack in boats upon Battery Gregg. If successful the 
 retreat of Wagner's garrison would be cut off, and the 
 work fall into our hands. 
 
 Five hundred men were detailed from four of the 
 most reliable regiments, and the command of the ex- 
 pedition was entrusted to Maj. Sandford of the Seventh 
 Connecticut. One hundred men were taken from the 
 One Hundredth New York. The officers detailed 
 with the men by Adjt. Evert were Lieuts. Lynch 
 and Stowits. "We remember the visit of the Chaplain 
 to the tent of the writer to ascertain if we could swim. 
 When assured we could, he responded that it was favor- 
 able. We knew not then of our detail for the expedi- 
 tion. Boats had been collected in one of the creeks, and 
 the men assembled near the camp of the boat infantry, 
 and awaited darkness, before embarking. The officers 
 were allowed to look at the plan of the fort, beach and 
 bay, which had been drawn, and was in the hands of 
 Maj. Sandford. The instructions were very simple, 
 and we shall never forget them. Scanning the man- 
 ner of Maj. Sandford, and his apparent, to us, unfitness 
 for so responsible a work, we could not but feel that 
 many brave men, if landed, would be destroyed. 
 
220 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 Files for spiking the guns were put into the hands of 
 men selected for that purpose. On inquiry as to what 
 should he used for driving the files, the answer was 
 given that anything that lay around the gun. To us, 
 that was too uncertain. We obtained permission to 
 leave the guns of the men selected, and ordered them 
 to use the flat-side of the bayonet, that no time should 
 be lost in searching in the sand or battery for what 
 might not be at hand. The orders were to head the 
 boats for the beach, land, form, and rush for the fort, 
 spike the guns, blow up the magazine and retire. 
 Serg. Eosenburger, of the One Hundred and Fourth 
 Pennsylvania, volunteered to apply the match to the 
 magazine. We endeavored to impress our men with 
 the danger, as well as the importance of the enterprise, 
 that each man should act for himself and as though he 
 was to do the work alone and unaided. In conse- 
 quence of the limited number of boats a large number 
 were left behind. The boats were filled with a quiet, 
 thoughtful band. We glided along with the music of 
 shell overhead, exploding and striking the water about. 
 As we neared the bay a boat shot out from Gregg. 
 She was hailed. No attention paid. We fired and 
 brought her to. We captured a surgeon, major and 
 ten men. The garrison was aroused, and we were 
 ordered back. The next night a second attempt was 
 made, with no better success. The enemy opened on 
 the boats and drove them off. The loss was slight. 
 Thus ended an illy conceived and fruitless enterprise. 
 
One Hundredth' JV. T. S. Volunteers. 221 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 THIRD ASSAULT ON WAGNER "WAS ORDERED. THE 
 
 REBELS HAD EVACUATED. THE FORTS AND ISLAND 
 
 OURS. THE FORTS TO BE REBUILT. GEN. GILLMORE 
 
 CONGRATULATES IN GENERAL ORDERS. HE IS COM- 
 MISSIONED AS MAJOR GENERAL. DETAILS FOR DUTY 
 
 ON PICKET AND FATIGUE ARE CONSTANT AND REGU- 
 LAR. WEATHER COOL AND DISAGREEABLE. ARRI- 
 VAL OF RECRUITS. THE USUAL ROUTINE OF CAMP 
 
 DUTIES. 
 
 A third assault on "Wagner was ordered. The time 
 to he 9 o'clock on Monday morning, September the 
 7th, the fiftieth day of the siege. The details were 
 arranged. Large numbers of troops had' arrived from 
 the army of the Potomac. We had crowned the 
 counterscarp of the ditch, and had reached the pali- 
 sades. The trenches were widened for the easy pas- 
 sage of troops. A strong calcium light was thrown 
 upon the fort by night, to expose the enemy's opera- 
 tions. For forty hours previous to the time fixed for 
 the assault, the land batteries were opened on Wagner, 
 and at the same time the Ironsides moved up within 
 
222 One Hundredth W. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 a thousand yards and poured her broadsides into the 
 fort, while the monitors added their eleven and fifteen- 
 inch shells. The watchfulness of an increased number 
 of sharpshooters, added to the continued explosion of 
 shells in, above and around the fort, drove every 
 rebel within the impenetrable bomb-proofs. The sand 
 that covered them, was piled in the openings, mak- 
 ing suffocation imminent. The time had come to en- 
 act a third, and perhaps bloodier, drama upon the 
 parapets of Wagner. Long before dawn the troops 
 formed on the beach, waiting the command forward. 
 Officers and men had written their wishes to friends, 
 that if lost in the charge, some few words of remem- 
 brance might be found as the last on earth. The One 
 Hundredth New York, a portion of Stephenson's bri- 
 gade, were to move by the fort and assault in the 
 rear. The Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania and Third 
 New Hampshire were the two storming regiments in 
 front to clear the small space, to leap the ditch and 
 scale the parapets, while the supports were steadily ad- 
 vancing. 
 
 The order was given, and slowly and silently we 
 moved forward. Closer and closer we approached the 
 sand walls of that rebel stronghold. The silence was 
 ominous. Not a man to be seen, or sound of life to 
 be heard. All hearts were lightened, as the report 
 flew along the unbroken ranks, Wagner is evacuated. 
 That body of men was expanded into light-hearted- 
 ness, that a few moments before was sinking with 
 leaden depression and expected death. On to Gregg in 
 
One Hundredth IT. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 223 
 
 time to secure nearly seventy prisoners. The island 
 and its forts were ours, while thousands of hearts were 
 filled with joy unspeakable and indescribable. Our 
 work was not ended. The forts were to be rebuilt, 
 and additional batteries to be constructed, as Charles- 
 ton could be reached with ease, since the fall of Wag- 
 ner and Gregg. Night and day under fire the work 
 went on. 
 
 The bombardment of Sumter, Wagner and Gregg 
 by our fleet, particularly the New Ironsides and moni- 
 tors, as well as our land batteries, will stand in the 
 history of wars above all. We fought the science of 
 Europe, as well as our own. Foreign nations, in rebel 
 hands, had on trial the best ordnance they could pro- 
 duce, but the indomitable Yankee smashed through 
 them all on sea and land, and now has his specimens 
 of floating batteries on exhibition around the globe. 
 The war of iron hail went on ; midnight messengers, 
 with tongues of fire, were sent nightly into that 
 doomed city, appalling the hearts of its people, and 
 often adding death to the" work of general destruction. 
 
 The duties of camp to the close of August were 
 regular and imperative. The details to the front 
 must be furnished. When the casualties were frequent 
 the men at one time manifested a disposition to dis- 
 obey, which was promptly met, and in the case of non- 
 commissioned officers they were reduced to the ranks. 
 Regiment was mustered for pay. The weather con- 
 tinued warm. After the subjugation of the island, camp 
 life became monotonous. The work on the forts was 
 
224 One Himdredth N. 7. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 pushed with energy through the months of September 
 and October, and on the 17th day of November nine- 
 teen shells were thrown into Charleston from Battery 
 Gregg, and the following day a one-hundred-pounder 
 Parrott gun threw fourteen shells into that fated 
 town. 
 
 In the meantime promotions were made in the regi- 
 ment to meet the scanty needs of officers. Capt. 
 Michael Bailey was discharged and left for the North. 
 Sergeants Fred. Sandrock, "William Evans, Myron P. 
 Pierson, Edward Pratt, James H. French, Benjamin 
 F. Hughson, were commissioned second lieutenants. 
 Wayne Yogdes, a son of Gen. Yogdes, had been com- 
 missioned previously, and joined the regiment, and 
 assigned to Co. " I." Edwin Nichols, of Co. " C," 
 had been commissioned as second lieutenant. Second 
 Lieuts. Edward S. Peck, Cornelius B. Adriance 
 and George H. Stowits were commissioned as first 
 lieutenants. During the building of the forts the Sani- 
 tary and Christian commissions had so systematized 
 their work that the men on the island enjoyed many 
 needed provisions of a sanitary character. 
 
 Admiral Dahlgren demanded the surrender of Fort 
 Sumter. The demand was refused. A force of four 
 hundred sailors and marines was organized to take it 
 by assault. The night was fixed, and the boats moved 
 to the attack. The enemy were fully prepared to 
 meet it. The attempt was a failure. A number 
 landed, some scaled the walls, but all were killed or 
 captured. Our loss was one hundred and fifty. The 
 
One Hwndredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 225 
 
 details for fatigue and picket were regular. In turn a 
 company would be sent on board a gunboat in the in- 
 let. Then the regiment would be ordered into the 
 trenches before Wagner for provision against attack. 
 Again a company at the Beacon House, a detail at 
 Fort Gregg, and one to assist in the construction of 
 Battery Chatfield, east of Fort Gregg. Now a large 
 number would be sent on Black island as a fatigue 
 party. Then, at times, part of the regiment would be 
 ordered into "Wagner, and suffer the chills of night or 
 the assaults of pestiferous fleas within the bomb proofs 
 of that famous fort. The rebuilding of Fort "Wagner 
 and Battery Gregg, the erection of Battery Chatfield 
 and the planting later of heavy mortars, all required 
 large details, which told heavily upon the men. The 
 picketing of Cummings' Point, Gregg and "Wagner 
 was a regular duty, and often, when the enemy was in 
 a fit for shelling, it was sadly dangerous. Fatigue 
 parties during the day were much exposed and lost 
 numbers of men in killed and wounded. For several 
 weeks after the fall of "Wagner the enemy kept up a 
 lively fire on our working parties, and men were killed 
 and wounded daily and nightly. Nevertheless they 
 worked cheerfully and without complaint. At times 
 the accuracy of the enemy's fire was wonderful, when 
 we consider the distance. In one period of twenty- 
 four hours, out of two hundred and thirty-five shells 
 fired at "Wagner, one hundred and eighty-five burst 
 inside the fort, killing and wounding sixteen men. 
 
 Another day one hundred and fifty shells struck 
 10* 
 
226 One hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 inside the same work. Now, when we consider that 
 the guns which fired these shells were at a distance of 
 about two miles, and the area into which they were 
 dropped, less than an acre, the shooting was remark- 
 able. Gen. Gillmore had just issued, in general 
 orders, words of commendation to the troops for -their 
 valor, courage, and patient labor in the reduction of 
 Wagner and Gregg. Subsequently he received a com- 
 mission as major general, which was made the oc- 
 casion of a grand review on the beach at low tide ; a 
 spot unequaled on the earth's surface for military 
 display. The regiment had been paid in the interim, 
 and friends at home were not forgotten, and even the 
 sutler in some instances was remembered. The sev- 
 eral companies of the regiment were saving and allow- 
 ing the value of their just rations to accumulate in 
 funds for blacking, white gloves, and other necessaries 
 found to be needed during our stay on the island. The 
 weather toward the last of October and from . that 
 date on into winter, or the winter months, became cool. 
 Stoves were put into the tents of officers, and not a few 
 of the men provided the luxury in addition to the kit- 
 chen fire. Quartermaster Sergeant George G. Bar- 
 num was indefatigable in providing- for the wants 
 of the camp in wood, and the distribution of quarter- 
 master stores. Fresh bread was issued daily from a 
 bakery near, and run by details of experienced bakers 
 found in the regiment. At this date the health of the 
 regiment was good and in a prosperous condition, all 
 things considered. 
 
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One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 227 
 
 October 31st. The regiment mustered for pay. 
 Land batteries and navy shelling Sumter. Through 
 the instrumentality of the Board of Trade, a large 
 number of recruits, conscripts and substitutes arrived 
 in camp, and were assigned to the several companies 
 as their number demanded. They were regularly 
 drilled, and soon became unnoticed as recruits, and 
 took the duties of a soldier as though bred to the work. 
 Occasionally a company would be sent to picket 
 "Payne's Dock," so called from the landing of Capt. 
 Payne at that spot, when out scouting near the 
 enemy's lines. This duty was often a cold and dis- 
 agreeable one, when the nights were wet and chilly. 
 
 Lieut. Fred. Sandrock, of the boat infantry, generally 
 accompanied the detail, as he, with boat and men, 
 was on the ground. At this time a large hospital 
 tent was procured, and the Chaplain held service on 
 Sabbath, which disturbed the usual monotony of Sab- 
 bath life. Sunday in camp is a day of cleaning, inspec- 
 tions and reviews, as well as of battles. The inspec- 
 tion of the quarters of the men, their clothing, arms 
 and accoutrements, all helped to prove that golden 
 truth, that cleanliness is next to godliness. A regi- 
 ment to be efficient must be in health. To keep 
 healthy it must keep clean, and it will not be done 
 without order, and its persistent enforcement. 
 
228 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 REGIMENT STILL ON MORRIS ISLAND. MAJOR D. D. NASH 
 
 RETURNED TO REGIMENT. BATTERIES OPEN ON 
 
 CHARLESTON. EXECUTION OP A DESERTER. WORDS 
 
 ABOUT NEGRO TROOPS. THEIR MORALE AND MERIT 
 
 AS SOLDIERS. DESERTERS FROM CHARLESTON. DE- 
 PARTURE OP COL. DANDY AND RECRUITING PARTY FOR 
 
 BUFFALO. RE-ENLISTED VETERANS ARRIVED. THEIR 
 
 RECEPTION BY THE LADIES OF THE GREAT CENTRAL 
 FAIR, MAYOR, MILITARY AND CITIZENS. 
 
 "While stationed on Morris island, the regiment was 
 regularly paid, and what was not spent for real needs, 
 and in some instances for luxuries, was sent to friends 
 and families at home. At this time Lieut. C. B. Adri- 
 ance brought from Hilton Head a large amount, or 
 number of boxes, of express matter, containing remem- 
 brances from friends in the way of clothing, and dainties, 
 such as was not common in camp life. 
 
 November 10th. Maj. D. D. Nash returned from 
 the North, having been absent since the charge on 
 Wagner, where he received a severe wound in the 
 thigh, from which he had suffered much and long. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 229 
 
 Lieut. Carlos H. Richmond was discharged the ser- 
 vice, and left for home. 
 
 November closed with the usual routine. A portion 
 of the regiment was sent nightly, with a complement 
 of officers, to the Beacon House, Fort Wagner, now 
 Fort Strong, Battery Ohatfield, Gregg, and for picket 
 duty between Strong and Gregg. 
 
 December opened with high chilly winds. The 
 sand drifted like snow. The tide was ploughing its 
 way close up to the tents of regiments near the line of 
 the highest tide. A few were obliged to remove camp. 
 The passage from camp to the head of the island was 
 difficult, as the tide in some places swept across into 
 the swamp. The camp of the " Provost Guard," near 
 the beach, was removed to higher ground. The nights 
 were very chilly, hence duty at the front without 
 -fire was intensely uncomfortable to the men. 
 
 Our batteries were trained on the city from Strong, 
 Ohatfield and Gregg, and admonitory signals were 
 sent into Charleston to keep the citizens informed of 
 our proximity and vigilance, to let no occasion pass 
 that we still held in remembrance the shelling of 
 Maj. Anderson and his little band of eighty men 
 within the walls of Sumter. 
 
 December 17th, a private of the Third New Hamp- 
 shire was shot for desertion. He had joined the regi- 
 ment as a drafted recruit. He attempted to cross the 
 marsh and give himself up to the rebels. He failed, 
 and came into our lines as a deserter from the enemy, 
 and was recognized as one of the late recruits. He 
 
230 One Hundredth If. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 was tried, and shot in presence of all the troops on 
 the island. The sight was painful at a distance, but 
 to render the example effective the whole command 
 was required to march, as in review, by the lifeless 
 and bleeding body of that victim of military law. 
 
 "We should have mentioned that on the 6th of De- 
 cember, the monitor Weehmoken foundered in a gale 
 at her anchorage off Morris Island, carrying down to a 
 watery grave twenty officers and seamen. The cause 
 was never satisfactorily known. 
 
 A few words relative to negro troops. We have 
 said that they took to soldiering naturally. The 
 history of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts is well 
 known. They were encamped a few rods from the 
 left flank of the One Hundredth. Their dress pa- 
 rades were models of perfection. Their sergeant ma- 
 jor was the son of Frederick Douglass, who was subse- 
 quently commissioned in a colored Rhode Island bat- 
 tery. Their company cooks exceeded ours, of course, 
 in all the arts and cleanliness of culinary operations. 
 Two more regiments arrived earlier in the campaign 
 from the North, from Massachusetts and North Caro- 
 lina, the former commanded by a brother of Henry 
 "Ward Beecher. Two regiments, commanded respec- 
 tively by Cols. Higginson and Montgomery, composed 
 of negro troops, were also encamped near our quarters. 
 Their jolly songs and cheerful manners, as we passed 
 them to the front jon duty while they were returning, 
 had the effect of completely disarming the men from 
 that bitterness, and even hate, they had entertained 
 
One Eun&redih JV. T. S. Volunteers. 231 
 
 toward them. They helped, largely, to perform the 
 heavy work with cheerful hearts, evincing by their 
 manner toward us, the white troops, that they had 
 come to lighten our labors, and should do it in the 
 spirit of willingness and content. A grand review 
 was had at this time, and then it was seen by veterans 
 what the negro troops could do ip the way of marching. 
 Natural musicians, their time was usually correct, and 
 hence their marching could not be surpassed, and only 
 un few instances equaled. 
 
 Deserters kept us informed, from time to time, of 
 the injury our shells did the city. Everybody who 
 could get away went into the country, and only the 
 poorer classes remained in town. They removed to 
 the upper portion to avoid our shells, leaving that 
 part below John and Calhonn streets nearly depopu- 
 lated. A number of public and private buildings 
 were destroyed and others damaged. The Mills House 
 had several shells through it. The debris from the 
 ruined buildings obstructed the streets, and by spring 
 this beautiful city wore a very dilapidated appearance. 
 It suffered terribly for- the political crime of its inhab- 
 itants. The poor people who remained must have had 
 a very hard winter of it. With bacon at four dollars 
 per pound, corn eighteen to twenty dollars per bushel, 
 and flour one hundred and fifty dollars a barrel, all 
 prime necessaries of life, it is a wonder that they lived 
 at all. 
 
 Dec. 20th. Col. G. B. Dandy, Capt. Topping, and 
 Lieuts. Stowits, Saudrock and Vogdes, with the re- 
 
232 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 quisite sergeants, corporals and privates, were sent 
 North to Buffalo, on recruiting service for the regi- 
 ment. The party left on the steamer Fulton from 
 Hilton Head and soon began to experience the chaDge 
 in climate as they neared New York city and assem- 
 bled in the city of Buffalo, the place of their military 
 labor for the rest of the winter and a portion of the 
 coming spring. The Board of Trade added a small 
 fee to recruiting agents, which, in addition to the large 
 bounties paid, secured a fair number of recruits to the 
 regiment, as well as amply affording opportunities for 
 bounty brokers, so willing to serve the government 
 when self was enriched, to make large sums of money, 
 which was well known to officers and men engaged in 
 the service of recruiting. "With the leeches at the 
 national treasury, and the leeches at the pockets of 
 the producers of the country, it is wonderful that the 
 life blood of the nation was not entirely exhausted, 
 and its energies so crippled that years of prosperity 
 would be required to heal the wounds of avarice and 
 national recklessness. 
 
 In the absence of Col. Dandy, the command of the 
 regiment was in the hands of Maj. Nash, and, there 
 being no lieutenant colonel, as Capt. L. S. Payne, who 
 was promoted to that position was a prisoner in the 
 hands of the rebels, his duties were responsible and 
 onerous. 
 
 From this time till the regiment was ordered North, 
 in April, its duties were heavy and steady. The force 
 on the island had been decreased, the casualties were 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 233 
 
 few, and camp life was oppressively monotonous. Pro- 
 visions were made for re-enlistment into what was 
 termed the " veteran corps," with furloughs to such as 
 complied with the order. Lieut. C. B. Adriance was 
 appointed recruiting officer, and at once entered upon 
 the discharge of his duties. Lieut. E. Spooner was 
 dismissed the service, and the disability was subse- 
 quently removed, and he was restored to the standing 
 of other discharged officers. 
 
 January 10th, 1864. At dress parade the regiment 
 formed in hollow square, and a magnificent stand of 
 colors was received by the regiment at the hands of 
 Chaplain J. B. Linn, as the munificent gift of the Board 
 of Trade of Buffalo. They were admired by all, and 
 objects of interest to officers and men of neighboring 
 camps. Maj. Nash responded in neat, appropriate and 
 fitting terms to the remarks of the Chaplain, and the 
 occasion was one of pleasure and gratification. The 
 brigade band was in attendance, and the time was en- 
 joyed as though at home and not on a sandy and deso- 
 late isle. 
 
 Near the close of January, Lieut. Adriance had re- 
 enlisted about fifty men as veterans, completed the 
 rolls and forwarded them to headquarters. Capt. 
 Evert and Lieut. Adriance left camp with fifty-one 
 veteran volunteers on furlough, February 23d, for Hil- 
 ton Head, and arrived in Buffalo by the way of Fort- 
 ress Monroe and New York city, March 2d, 1864. 
 
 The veterans were received at the depot and es- 
 corted to St. James Hall by Miller's Brass Band, offi- 
 
234 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 cers of the Sixty-fifth and Seventy-fourth Eegiments in 
 two platoons. The Board of Trade, headed by Mayor 
 Fargo and Col. Dandy, were followed by the vete- 
 rans of the One Hundredth Eeginient. The ladies of 
 the Great Central Fair, being held at the Hall, did the 
 honors at the reception. The assemblage was called 
 to order by his Honor, Mayor Fargo, who introduced 
 the Kev. Dr. Heacock, who welcomed the veterans in 
 an appropriate and eloquent speech. The Doctor re- 
 viewed the honored career of the regiment, dwelt 
 upon their glorious record, and concluded by saying 
 " That the hearts and homes of this city are open to 
 you ; its beauty, its pride and its wealth come out to 
 greet and welcome you." 
 
 The speech was listened to with the most respectful 
 attention. At its conclusion the soldiers and ofiicers , 
 together with a number of those in attendance, sat 
 down at the tables, while the ladies and gentlemen 
 connected with the fair acted as waiters, and minis- 
 tered -to the wants of the visitors. Miller's Band, the 
 while, lent additional attractiveness to the scene by 
 playing a number of beautiful airs. At the conclu- 
 sion of the repast. Dr. Heacock, on behalf of Col . 
 Dandy, thanked the ladies for the hospitable manner 
 in which the veterans of the One Hundredth had been 
 received and entertained. Mrs. Fargo, the president 
 of the fair, was especially remembered, and three 
 lusty cheers were given for that lady. The Buffalo 
 Board of Trade, the Ladies of Buffalo, Col. Dandy and 
 others were subsequently cheered. As an ending to 
 
Ovs Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 235 
 
 the entertainment, Lieut. G. H. Stowits presented two 
 beautiful swords, the gift of the veterans, to Capt. 
 Leopold Evert and First Lieut. Cornelius B. Adriance, 
 the officers in charge, and with whom the veterans had 
 made the journey from Hilton Head to Buffalo. 
 Lieut. Stowits made a few pertinent remarks to the 
 officers, and subsequently on their behalf returned 
 thanks to the donors. 
 
 The veterans were free for a month, spent their time 
 and money, and with reluctance turned their backs 
 upon their homes, and headed for the South and the 
 camp of the regiment. 
 
236 One Hundredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 THE SPRING CAMPAIGN OP 1864. TRANSFER OF THE ONE 
 
 HUNDREDTH REGIMENT FROM MORRIS ISLAND TO GLOU- 
 CESTER POINT. THE RELATION OF SUCCESSIVE EVENTS 
 
 IN THE HISTORT OF SUMTER TILL ITS RESTORATION BY 
 
 THE GOVERNMENT. THE STATE AND CONDITION OF 
 
 CHARLESTON. THE QUENCHING OF FIRES BY OUR 
 
 SOLDIERY. THE RETREAT OF GEN. HARDEE'S ARMY. 
 
 The spring, with new plans and movements, was 
 opening. Gen. Grant had sole control of all combi- 
 nations of army affairs. He held the reins of govern- 
 ment in all departments. Subordinates were waiting 
 the order from his working brain. 
 
 On Morris island the troops managed to pass the 
 winter in comparative comfort. Rations were abun- 
 dant and good, and there was a plentiful supply of 
 clothing. The weather was not unpleasant, except 
 when the high east winds prevailed. During the 
 equinoctial storm of two weeks, the sea encroached 
 upon the island twenty feet. 
 
 Gen. Gillmore had been ordered in April to rein- 
 force the army of the James under Butler, to operate 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 237 
 
 against Richmond. The One Hundredth Regiment 
 turned its back upon its sandy camp, which for nearly 
 nine months had been its home, through the storms of 
 shot and shell, the terrors of disease, the weighty labors 
 of fatigue, in trench and fort, and the daily longings 
 for home, friends and the comforts of social life. As 
 they left the desert shores of that sea and swamp-girt 
 isle relief was apparent, but then came that oft-repeated 
 wonder, "What's the order?" "Where ordered?" 
 The beach at Gloucester Point greeted them, from 
 which they had sailed sixteen months before. The 
 large number of troops there assembled was proof that 
 an important movement was in progress. 
 
 Since, in the course of this narration, we have fol- 
 lowed the fate of Sumter, from its first suffering 
 through Maj. Anderson and his little band of brave 
 men, we will briefly relate its history of restoration to 
 the " old flag " and the Union. 
 
 From the time of the opening of the batteries of 
 Wagner, Chatfield and Gregg, until the evacuation of 
 Charleston by the flank and rear movements of Sher- 
 man's army, they continued to throw at intervals 
 thirty and one-hundred-pound shells into the city. 
 One thirty-pounder Parrott, at an elevation of forty- 
 two degrees, had thrown four thousand six hundred 
 and fifteen shells into the town, and burst from the 
 constant and continuous strain. 
 
 During the operations before Charleston, twenty- 
 three guns of the larger calibre had exploded. One 
 three-hundred-pounder, five two-hundred-pounders, 
 
238 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 and seventeen one-hundred-pounders. The entire 
 lower part of the city was substantially destroyed. 
 
 "What with the great fire of 1861, and the ruins in 
 range of our shells, the lower portion of Charleston 
 was inhabited only by the winged tribes, safely perched 
 upon its crumbling debris, while the rank grass in the 
 streets, as seen by our entering soldiery, filled all 
 hearts with the loneliness and desolation of the scene. 
 
 From the time of the completion of our batteries 
 till the close of the rebellion, but little of interest 
 transpired before Charleston. At intervals the enemy 
 would open his guns and bombard our works for 
 hours, only to be silenced for his temerity. We 
 have seen the miserable apology of a flag staff, stick- 
 ing in the brick and mortar of Sumter's walls, shot 
 down three times in a day by a three-hundred-pounder 
 Parrott gun from Battery Chatfield on Cummings' 
 Point. 
 
 Expeditions were sent to " Ball's Bay," on James 
 island, and up Stono river, to keep the enemy informed 
 of our activity and strength. Troops were changed 
 from the island, as their sanitary condition demanded, 
 and all was done that could be done to make their 
 condition livable, and keep them in heart to endure 
 fatigue and exposure incident to duty on that sandy 
 isle. 
 
 The Sanitary and Christian commissions, their man- 
 agers and supporters, received the prayers of every true 
 soldier who fought and suffered on the sand hills of 
 Morris island. And we would not forget that band 
 
One Hundredth If. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 239 
 
 of noble women in our own city, led by Mrs. Horatio 
 Seymour, Jr., who was a power behind barricades of 
 woolen and cotton goods, and whose labors for the sol- 
 dier will live in our hearts while life lasts ; and our 
 blessings will follow those hearts that worked, felt and 
 prayed for the cause and the welfare of the nation's 
 preservers. Through Chaplain Linn the donations from 
 Mrs. Seymour found their way to the regiment, and in 
 hospital the suffering soldier was comforted and raised 
 to health through means furnished by these patriotic 
 women. The cargoes of ice, the loads of delicacies 
 and substantial nutritive food for the sick and lan- 
 guishing, will ever be remembered by us who felt the 
 wants and cared for the welfare of those under our 
 commands. Volumes could be written of incidents, 
 happening in camp, on duty in the trench, or in boats 
 along the creeks through the marsh during those long 
 winter nights, with nought but the stars and one's 
 thoughts to cheer, lightened with the fiery track of 
 exploding shells on their mission of death. The morn- 
 ing parade, from i A. M. till sunrise, on the island, as 
 a precaution against surprise, and all regular duties 
 and exposures were endured with fortitude and real 
 heroism for the cause and perpetuity of government. 
 An end of daily and nightly duty mingled with the 
 fear of exploding shells was at hand. 
 
 Sherman had marched to the sea. He had made 
 his triumphal entry into Savannah, and soon would 
 thunder at the rear gates of Charleston. Columbia 
 had fallen, which was the signal for Hardee to evacu- 
 
240 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 ate Charleston. At an early hour, February 17th, 
 1865, Hardee, after destroying all property that might 
 aid us in our operations, left by the only railway out 
 of the city open for use, to join Beauregard and Cheat- 
 ham in their union with Johnson, to check, if possible, 
 the victorious legions of Sherman. The torch had 
 been applied by military order, and four blocks of 
 buildings were added to the large area of ruins. 
 
 At 9 o'clock, February 18th, Maj. A. J. Hennessey 
 raised the stars and stripes over Sumter, where the old 
 flag had been dishonored and hauled down nearly four 
 years before. Flags were raised over Moultrie, Ripley 
 and Pinckney, and Charleston was entered at 10 o'clock, 
 and its surrender received from the hands of Maj. 
 Macbeth, who gladly accomplished it, that speedy as- 
 sistance might be rendered to save what remained of 
 that shattered, destroyed and suffering city. Troops 
 were hurried over from Morris island, and the soldiery, 
 whose duty it was to destroy within the range of shot 
 and shell, now worked as heartily and cheerily to 
 same, — the legitimate culture of economy and civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 The gallant Stewart L. "Woodford, since lieutenant 
 governor of the State of New York, was appointed 
 military governor of Charleston. The inhabitants 
 looked for a spirit of vengeance at the hands of their 
 conquerors, and were astonished to find instead, the 
 announcement in Col. Woodford's first order " invit- 
 ing the people to open their schools and churches, re- 
 suming, as far as possible, the avocations of peace." 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 241 
 
 The order closed with these emphatic words : " No 
 disloyal act or utterance will be tolerated. The na- 
 tional flag must be honored and the national laws 
 obeyed." 
 
 When intelligence reached Washington of the evac- 
 uation of Sumter, the President appointed the anni- 
 versary of the fall of Sumter as the day when the old 
 flag should be raised by Maj., now Gen., Anderson. 
 Preliminaries were arranged. A large number of citi- 
 zens went from the harbor of New York in the steamer 
 Oceanus to assist in the ceremonies. Col. Woodford 
 had charge of the exercises at the fort. When the mul- 
 titude were assembled around the flagstaff, " Victory at 
 Last " was sung, followed by " Rally Round the Flag." 
 The Chaplain who officiated at the raising of the flag, 
 December 27th, 1860, again pronounced a blessing on 
 the ensign of our country's redemption. Gen. Town- 
 send, Assistant Adjutant General of the Army of the 
 United States, read Maj. Anderson's dispatch of April 
 18th, 1861, announcing the fall of Fort Sumter. This 
 was followed by the appearance of the faithful Sergeant 
 Hart, the one-man reinforcement that Mrs. Anderson 
 took to Sumter in the dark days of our nation's strug- 
 gle, with a new "mail bag" containing the same 
 "Dear Old Flag'''' that greeted the vision of that 
 brave and loyal woman on her mission of aid to her 
 patriotic husband. It was attached to the halliards, 
 when Gen. Anderson, after a brief and touching ad- 
 dress, hoisted it to the peak of the flagstaff amid loud 
 
 cheers and the singing of the " Star Spangled Banner." 
 11 
 
242 One Htmdredih N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 Six guns on the fort opened their loud voices, and 
 were responded to by the guns from all the batteries 
 around which took part in the bombardment of the 
 fort in 1861. Henry Ward Eeecher, the chosen ora- 
 tor, pronounced an eloquent address. A benediction 
 closed the ceremonies, and Fort Sumter was repos- 
 sessed by the government. 
 
 The curtain that had been lifted for four long years 
 had fallen. Charleston and citizens had fearfully paid 
 in lives and property for the folly of secession. The 
 detonating music of heavy ordnance had ceased. The 
 " last ditch " had been reached by the stragglers of a 
 once boasting and- defiant soldiery, in the blowing up 
 by accident of the depot and killing two hundred hu- 
 man beings, a sad wail in the wake of Gen. Hardee's 
 retreating army. In a night preceding a morn of 
 oppressive stillness, the tragic events before Charleston 
 had an end. No more could be heard the whizzing, 
 screeching shell of thirty, one-hundred, two-hundred 
 and three-hundred-pounder Parrott guns from national 
 batteries on Morris island. Sorrow, gloom and death 
 hovered over that rebellious city. Most of her chival- 
 ric sons had sacrificed their lives in war, while others 
 were strangers in the land of their birth. No more 
 will those barren, desolate, sandy isles, echo to the tread 
 daily and nightly, it is hoped, of an army decreed to 
 save and perpetuate this government. Since the 
 drama has closed let it be closed forever. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 243 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 CLOSING OF THE RECRUITING OFFICE AT BUFFALO. — THE 
 REGIMENT OBDERED FROM MORRIS ISLAND TO GLOU- 
 CESTER POINT. PREPARATIONS FOR A SUMMER CAM- 
 PAIGN. EMBARKED ON TRANSPORTS. LANDING AT 
 
 BERMUDA HUNDRED. GEN. BUTLEE IN COMMAND. 
 
 MARCHED TO THE PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND RAIL- 
 ROAD. FOUGHT THE ENEMT, TORE UP THE RAILROAD 
 
 AND DESTROYED THE TELEGRAPH. 
 
 The recruiting office at Buffalo was closed, and Col. 
 Dandy, with his detail, ordered to his regiment. On 
 arriving at New York City the detachment awaited 
 farther orders. After some delay it was learned that 
 the regiment was at Gloucester Point, Virginia, to 
 which we hastened by the way of Baltimore and Fort- 
 ress Monroe. 
 
 Capt. M. H. Topping left us at New York City, 
 having resigned, April 26th, 1864. He was a capable, 
 brave and reliable officer. 
 
 February 27th, 1864. Second Lieuts. Myron P. 
 Pierson and "Wayne Vogdes were promoted to be first 
 lieutenants. Serg. Azor Hilton Hoyt to be second 
 
 llOTlf£lTlQTl + 
 
244 One JETtrndredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 April 14th. Benjamin F. Hughson was promoted to 
 be first lieutenant, and George G. Barnaul to be 
 second lieutenant, First Lieut. "William Kichardson to 
 be captain, and Charles E. "Walbridge to be captain 
 and assistant quartermaster of volunteers. 
 
 As trained men strip for a fight, so the divisions at 
 Gloucester Point were stripped of all extra baggage 
 and clothing, and supplied with what would be neces- 
 sary for march, bivouac and battte. All things tended 
 toward a spirited campaign in appearance and activity. 
 In the line of baggage, officers were limited to a 
 satchel, or small valise. All surplus baggage, com- 
 pany books and desks were put on transport and sunk 
 at Fortress Monroe, which has deprived us of many valu- 
 able records which could have been used as needed ad- 
 ditions of facts to interest the friends in the career of 
 a regiment so constantly engaged in active service. 
 
 While lying at the point whole regiments were sent 
 on picket. The lot, as was usually the case, fell to the 
 One Hundredth Regiment for three days in succession. 
 Shelter tents had been provided. "We bivouacked for 
 the time on the picket line under the command of Maj. 
 Nash, who had been relieved of the charge of the regi- 
 ment on the return of Col. Dandy from Buffalo. 
 "Well and faithfully had he discharged the duties of 
 commander of the regiment during its stay on Morris 
 island, in the absence of the Colonel, and now with 
 officers and men was on duty at the front. 
 
 Quartermasters were busily at work issuing clothing 
 and shoes to the men, who were obliged, by order, 
 
One Hwndredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 245 
 
 to have two pairs of shoes, which was evidence of not 
 a little marching. At this time it is worthy of men- 
 tion, that one of the severest storms of rain, thunder 
 and lightning, accompanied with a high wind, swept 
 over the " Point," which, had it been in winter, would 
 have been unendurable. It was termed an awful 
 night, and thousands of soldiers who suffered it will 
 ever remember it. It differed from the night at Wil- 
 liamsburg in that it was not cold. Gen. Butler was 
 in command of the expedition, and he brought to bear 
 that wonderful faculty of his, in the prosecution of any 
 work, energy and its elements of skill and ability to 
 forward means to ends. A grand review was held, at 
 which the soldiery appeared to good advantage. It was 
 the opening of summer in the South, and nature was 
 robed in green. To. the soldier an uncertain future 
 was visible. The troops were ready. The transports 
 were at hand. The movement began, and soon all 
 were on board, not knowing whether, up or down York 
 river. The boats were headed up the stream. 
 
 Officers and men were busily engaged in writing 
 letters to friends at home, all feeling the uncertainty of 
 coming events. Night closed upon us, and the next 
 morning, May 5th, found us at Fortress Monroe move- 
 ing up James river. Here, for the first time, we had 
 an opportunity of seeing that promptness and energy 
 so characteristic of Gen. Butler. As we reached the 
 fortress the captain of the transport stopped engines, 
 launched a small boat and was proceeding to go ashore, 
 when Gen. Butler made enquiry from the pilot house 
 
246 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 of his flag steamer, of the whereabouts of the captain ; 
 when informed, he crossed the bow of the captain's 
 boat and ordered him to the steamer, and in a few 
 minutes we were sailing up the James, a day as bright, 
 shining and lovely, as was ever reflected from that 
 broad and classic stream. 
 
 At early morn on the 6th of May, amid a large fleet 
 of transports crowded with troops, we were landed at 
 Bermuda Hundred, above the mouth of the Appo- 
 mattox river How vivid is the recollection of the sol- 
 dier of that warm May morning. The lightening of 
 knapsacks, of shoes, stockings, shirts, coats and blank- 
 ets, so that they covered and carpeted the way. Such 
 is the instinct of an " old soldier," that he will suffer 
 physical discomfort, rather than bear the weight of an 
 ounce more than necessary to his peace of mind and 
 bodily comfort. 
 
 The weather was extremely warm, and the soldier's 
 life on Morris Island had been of that character that 
 knapsacks were scarcely ever carried, and long marches 
 were a myth, as the limits of the island would not war- 
 rant it. That day's march along a narrow unfre- 
 quented road, rough, and skirted with bush and thicket, 
 with a scorching sun, proved fatiguing and exhausting 
 to the men. 
 
 In a pleasant wood, the brigade commanded by Col. 
 Plaisted, of the Eleventh Maine, bivouacked for the 
 night, taking the necessary precautions of slashing and 
 rifle-pits for temporary defence. The Third Brigade, 
 Terry's division, was booked for a fight at once. Camp 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 247 
 
 duties being performed, the regiment, with the remain- 
 der of the brigade, moved into an open field and 
 rested on their arms, waiting the decision for ad- 
 vance. It soon commenced. Along an old road in a 
 wood the troops moved, to cut if possible, the Eich- 
 mond and Petersburg railroad, and destroy it and as 
 much of the telegraph line as possible. The enemy, it 
 was supposed, was in a good defensive position, over- 
 looking the railroad, and to be successful the movement 
 must be masked and at the same time one of celerity. 
 Gen. Brooks had command of the expedition. Col. 
 Plaisted ordered Col. Dandy to make a detour, to take 
 advantage of a wood which would cover the movement 
 of the column. The regiment succeeded in getting 
 through the wood with difficulty. Co. " I," Capt. 
 Brunck, being deployed as skirmishers well to the 
 right, to warn us of the approach of the enemy in 
 that direction. Capt. Brunck marched and crossed 
 the railroad, performed his duty with success, and 
 spoke well of the conduct of his officers and men. 
 "While waiting the movements of Co. " I," the regi- 
 ment was exposed on the south side of the wood to the 
 direct rays of the sun, which proved too mu< for 
 many of the men. Soon, however, the Colonel moved 
 to the Richmond turnpike, running at right angles 
 with our line of march. In front, across the pike, be- 
 tween the head of the column and the railroad, the 
 woods were too thick for any movement, save that of 
 skirmishers. By the left flank, at a double-quick and 
 with cheers the regiment passed along the pike, through 
 
248 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 the lines of other regiments firing volleys over ns at 
 the enemy on the opposite side of the railroad, then 
 across an open field, swampy and cut np with creeks, 
 under a brisk fire from the enemy, we carried our 
 colors across the railroad, were rallied on a height over- 
 looking the rebel position, and within short range of 
 their rifle-pits. The brigade of Col. Barton in the mean- 
 time advancing on our left and rear occupied the at- 
 tention of the enemy. A portion of his brigade, the 
 Forty-eighth New York, overlapping the One Hun- 
 dredth, joined us on the height and planted its colors 
 near those of the One Hundredth. We maintained 
 this position for two hours, repelled two successive 
 charges of the enemy on our position, and materially 
 aiding Col. Barton's brigade on our left, the enemy 
 pressing upon him, being checked by our fire on his 
 flank. At the same time a portion of the One Hun- 
 dredth and the remaining two regiments of the brigade 
 were engaged in tearing up the railroad and destroying 
 the telegraph lines,'both on the turnpike and railroad. 
 This having been accomplished to a considerable ex- 
 tent, as far as could be seen, in the Richmond direction, 
 and understanding that one or more trestle bridges had 
 been destroyed, the brigade withdrew in sufficient 
 time to prevent a flanking movement of the enemy on 
 our left, caused by the falling back of Barton's brigade, 
 and retook the position from which the movement was 
 made. The object of the advance was successfully ac- 
 complished and, as far as could be judged, great damage 
 was inflicted on the railroad and telegraph lines. 
 
One Hundredth If. Y. S. Volunteers. 249 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 THE FIGHT AT WALTHAL JUNCTION. THE REPORT OF 
 
 COL. G. B. DANDY AND FAVORABLE MENTION OF OFFI- 
 CERS AND MEN. THE ADROIT MOVEMENTS OF GEN. 
 
 BUTLER ON CITY POINT AND BERMUDA HUNDRED. 
 
 THE BUILDING OF WORKS FROM THE JAMES TO THE 
 
 APPOMATTOX. THE ADVANCE ON THE 12lH AND 
 
 13TH OF MAY. THE TAKING OF ONE OF THE OUTER 
 
 FORTS OF THE WORKS AT DRURY's BLUFF. — THE 
 CHARGE OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT AND 
 THEIR SUFFERINGS. 
 
 The fight at Walthal Junction ended, the object 
 
 having been gained. The troops retraced their steps, 
 
 left the railroad and turnpike, and formed on the hill 
 
 overlooking the valley and opposite height, occupied 
 
 by the enemy. The rebels kept a battery of field 
 
 guns actively engaged in throwing shell, which did 
 
 little or no damage. It was in this fight that Lieut. 
 
 C. B. Adriance was severely wounded in the knee, 
 
 which kept him from duty many months, and who 
 
 was ultimately discharged. 
 
 Capt. William Richardson was wounded in the 
 11* 
 
250 One Hundredth iT. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 breast, but not severely. The day had been oppres- 
 sively warm, and to this, what with the excitement 
 of battle, the sight of wounded men, and wearied 
 bodies, the regiment was easily rocked to sleep in 
 bivouack among the pines after the events of the day. 
 Col. G. B. Dandy, in his official report of that fight, 
 says: "Without intending to be invidious, I can- 
 not refrain from mentioning for their coolness and 
 gallantry the following named officers, who came 
 during the action under my immediate observation : 
 Maj. D. D. Nash, Capt. Timothy Lynch, command- 
 ing the color company, Lieuts. Stowits, Adriance, 
 Richardson, Sandrock, Nichols, Peck, acting adju- 
 tant Pierson, McMann, Evans and Howell. Doubt- 
 less the remaining officers of the regiment, judging 
 from the reports which reached me, performed their 
 duty well and gallantly, and I am only sorry that my 
 duties, confining me mostly to one position, prevented 
 me from bearing the testimony of an eyewitness to 
 their bravery. The same applied to the enlisted men 
 who came under my eye. They stood well by their 
 colors. Corporal Ball, of Co. " G," acting principal mu- 
 sician, distinguished himself by taking the gun of a 
 wounded man, and went into action, in which he was 
 wounded. Also, Spencer Pose, a mere lad and musi- 
 cian, who equipped himself with the arms of a dead 
 man, and took an active part in the fight. The regi- 
 ment did itself credit on the occasion of the engage- 
 ment. Both the Surgeon, Dr. Kittenger, and the 
 Chaplain, J. B. Linn, followed the regiment under fire, 
 
One Hundredth HT. Y. 8. Vbhmfeers. 251 
 
 and made the greatest exertions in the line of their re- 
 spective duties ; the first in caring for the wounded, 
 and the second in removing them from the field." All 
 movements, whether of feint or battle, has a tendency 
 of demoralization among soldiers. The anxieties and 
 fears, the knowledge of dead and wounded comrades, 
 all help to unsteady the mind and unfit the man 
 for the unnatural work of destroying his fellow- 
 man. 
 
 The 7th of May opened a campaign which had had 
 no parallel in the history of the regiment, for variety 
 of movements, losses and stirring momentous events. 
 The plan of Gen. Grant, entrusted to Gen. Butler, 
 contemplated a vigorous movement against.Richmond 
 on the south side of the James river. The Confeder- 
 ates were misled. Gen. Butler, with wonderful celer- 
 ity, had sent troops to "West Point on Tork river, 
 cavalry by the way of Williamsburg, forces on the 
 north and south of the James, and simultaneously 
 landed brigades and divisions at City Point and- Ber- 
 muda Hundred; while Gen. Kautz, from Suffolk, 
 with three thousand cavalry, struck the Welden road. 
 Thus, within twenty-four hours, Butler, on the evening 
 of the 5th of May, had transported 35,000 men, their 
 baggage, supplies, wagons and artillery, within fifteen 
 miles of the south side of Richmond, with such secrecy 
 and speed that the enemy were wholly unprepared for 
 his coming, which enabled Gen. Butler to seize the 
 strongest natural position on the continent. Then 
 followed, as related, the advance on Walthal Junction, 
 
252 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 which resulted, as stated, with a loss to us of two hun- 
 dred and fifty men to the whole command. 
 
 Another advance on the railway was made on the 
 morning of May 9th, by a force composed of the divis- 
 ions of Gens. Terry, Ames and Turner, of the Tenth 
 Corps, and of Weitzel and Wistar of the Eighteenth. 
 Gen. Gillmore commanded the right of the column 
 and Gen. Smith the left. They destroyed the railway, 
 right and left, and then moved within three miles of 
 Petersburg. The rebels might have been driven 
 across the Appomattox, into Petersbnrgh, and the 
 town possibly captured, had not a false rumor reached 
 Butler that Lee was vanquished, and in full retreat on 
 Eichmond. If so he might quickly and heavily fall 
 on the Army of the James, and crush it, which Gen. 
 Butler would avert by recalling his troops, strengthen 
 his lines, and prepare for an attack on Eichmond. 
 
 The One Hundredth Eegiment, with other details, 
 had been left to work on the forts and intrenchments 
 then being built from the James to the Appomattox. 
 The shovel was in the hands of the men night and day 
 until the morning of the 12th of May, when the regi- 
 ment moved out of the works, and took up the line of 
 march as part of the force, moving up the turnpike in 
 the direction of Fort Darling and Drury's Bluff. The 
 day was cloudy and cool, with a drizzling rain, which 
 with the passage of troops and artillery in advance 
 had so cut up the roads that the soldier soon drew the 
 contrast between the dry sand of Morris island and 
 the putty red clay of Virginia. The comparison was 
 
One Hvmdredih N. Y. 8. Vohmteera. 253 
 
 unfavorable to the sacred soil of the Old Dominion. 
 The turnpike was soon gained, where the marching 
 was better and the column less cramped by narrow 
 roads. The regiment, toward the close of the after- 
 noon, took position on a height of ground, while the 
 advance was shelling and driving the enemy. The 
 day closed with a cold rain. The troops were ordered 
 a short distance back covered by the brow of the hill, 
 and without shelter passed another of those terrible 
 nights which are ever remembered by the soldier, as liv- 
 ing deaths, so painful, cheerless and awful. Fires were 
 made where the means could be obtained, but as a 
 whole it was a night of suffering. At morn the sun 
 showed signs of a coming warmth, and the brigade 
 was ordered to take up its line of march. As we 
 moved along the narrow road, what with exercise and 
 the rays of the sun, the men were made to forget in a 
 measure the realities of the preceding night. 
 
 From representations made by a friendly negro, 
 Col. Plaisted, in command of brigade, was ordered to 
 make a detour across fields, through woods, in order 
 to fall upon the rear of the enemy along a road lead- 
 ing to a fort in the outer line of works protecting the 
 position at Drury's Bluff. In emerging from a field 
 at the edge of a wood, two cavalry videttes were ob- 
 served. Gen. R. S. Foster and aid, riding to the front, 
 gave chase. Shots were fired, and one was captured. 
 Col. Dandy was ordered to throw his regiment across 
 the road leading from Richmond with its right and 
 left wings deployed as skirmishers. In this position 
 
254 One Hvmdredih N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 we remained an hour, when we faced about, assem- 
 bled on the road, and marched with celerity in the 
 direction of heavy firing near Fort Darling. Soon 
 the wounded were seen all along the way, and the 
 sharp ring and crack of the rifle told to us that the 
 real work was near at hand. On we pushed and en- 
 tered the fort mentioned, from which the rebels had 
 just been driven, as their dead bodies could be seen 
 lying along the parapet unburied. The knowledge 
 gained from the negro was accurate, the fort had been 
 charged at the rear and right flank, forcing the ene- 
 my to retreat when resistance to our forces was found 
 to be useless. 
 
 The rebels, from the hill, were seen in full flight as 
 the One Hundredth entered the fort. The regiment 
 was ordered on and alone into a charge on the enemy 
 whose numbers could not be known, and to all the 
 order seemed without precedent. We advanced in 
 line of battle, under fire outside the fort, down a hill, 
 across a small stream, the men firing rapidly, while 
 the enemy's batteries were throwing shell among us. 
 Rising an elevation of ground in front of a dense 
 wood of thicket and brush, the rebels poured a de- 
 structive fire into our ranks. The men were fall- 
 ing. Shells, hke balls among ten pins, knocked the 
 men from the ranks, while others were wounded with 
 the pieces after explosion. Still the regiment kept 
 closed, penetrated the wood which screened them from 
 the destructive fire on the left flank. Crossing the 
 sharp angle of the wood the regiment was thrown into 
 
ALFRED CYTHE. 
 29 LieutGo.K.74ttRe^N.Y.S.G, 
 
One Hvmdredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 255 
 
 an open field, extended in line of battle and ordered 
 to lie down, having just crossed Procter's creek, 
 thoroughly wet ; hence to lie down in the swamp and 
 wait orders was our fate after this exciting charge. In 
 front lay the long line of skirmishers, flat, firing from 
 their seven shooters, so that in the fading twilight 
 those constant blazing streams of fire will ever remain 
 visible in our memory. At dark, cold, wet, and in 
 many instances with the loss of rubber blankets, we 
 were ordered to recross Proctor's creek, and then, to 
 end all our sufferings, we were told by Maj. Nash that 
 the regiment was detailed for picket. As one of the 
 officers detailed, we said to the Major, we cannot sur- 
 vive the night. The men were stationed, and soon, to 
 live, they lay in heaps to keep each other warm and 
 brave the cold till morn, or sooner relief. It was a 
 second edition of the night before Williamsburg. We 
 were so chilled, that to iave stopped a double-quick on 
 our beat from post to post would have caused us to drop 
 and become at once unconscious. As memory serves 
 us now we moved about almost unconsciously, know- 
 ing that to stop action and succumb to the benumbing 
 influences of cold would render us at once insensible. 
 As though our pitiful condition was realized by the 
 officers in command, at twelve, midnight, we were 
 withdrawn, and to the rear around smouldering fires 
 we kept life in our shivering bodies till the coming of 
 dawn. 
 
256 One Bvmdredih N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXY1. 
 
 THE ADVANCE ON FORT DARLING. — THE SKIRMISHERS OP 
 THE ONE HUNDREDTH. — THE WOUNDING OF LIEUT. 
 HOTT. — THE TAKING OF THE RAIL FENCE. — THE AD- 
 VANCE OF MAT 16TH. — THE FATAL RESULTS. — AGAIN 
 
 WITHIN INTRENCHMENTS. DUTY IN CAMP AND ON 
 
 THE PICKET LINE. THE REPORTED ASSAULTS OF 
 
 THE REBELS ON OUR LINE. GEN. WALKER TAKEN 
 
 PRISONER. GEN. BUTLER REINFORCES GRANT. 
 
 Our work had just begun. Ambulances were busy 
 transporting the wounded to more comfortable places, 
 than in front of Fort Darling. In mist and fog we 
 moved out of our temporary intrenchments, and slowly 
 moved into position before the next line of works 
 on our front. Through a small wood and into a 
 field of low shrubs^where the regiment lay down, 
 while Cos." I " and " H " were thrown forward as skir- 
 mishers across an open field to gain position at a rail 
 fence in front of the line of works to be taken. While 
 waiting, the welcome sun began to warm our bodies 
 and dry our clothing. Most stubbornly did the rebels 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 257 
 
 contest the possession of that open field, and as persist- 
 ently did Capt. Brunck and Lieut. Hoyt, of Co. " I," 
 and Lieuts. Howell and French of Co. " H," crowd 
 the enemy to and beyond the rail fence. Capt. 
 Brunck sent Lieut. Hoyt to Col. Dandy for aid. The 
 skirmishers at this time were lying down to secure 
 themselves from the hot fire of the enemy. With 
 quiet and admirable coolness, Lieut.. Hoyt, in that 
 fierce fire, passed to the rear, and executed his order, 
 when Col. Dandy ordered Co. " K," commanded by 
 Lieut. Stowits, to support Capt. Brunck, and at once 
 charge and take the rail fence. It was when this 
 movement was commenced, and Lieut. Hoyt was re- 
 turning to his company, that he was mortally shot 
 through the abdomen, and at once borne to the rear, 
 where he died from his wound. With a cheer the line 
 moved forward, driving the rebels within their works, 
 and the rail fence was ours. In that charge we lost 
 Lieut. Edward Pratt, who was shot in the arch of the 
 foot, just as we reached the fence. We shall never 
 forget the chagrin and disappointment manifested by 
 the lieutenant in the excitement of the charge, to 
 think at its success he was lost to further active ser- 
 vice. Twice before had he been wounded, in the 
 charge on Fort Wagner, and now so early in the cam- 
 paign to be thrown into hospital was too much for so 
 brave and useful an officer to endure. 
 
 Under a deadly fire the skirmishers held the fence, 
 keeping the rebels within their works, except now and 
 then it was seen that officers drove them from, and 
 
258 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 beyond the works, when behind the stumps of trees 
 they poured their fire into our line, now heavily rein- 
 forced. A battery was planted near our left, at the 
 edge of a wood, and for the rest of the day it played 
 upon the intrenched front of the rebels with telling 
 effect. At the fence the men were shot generally 
 through the head, and fingers and thumbs were lost 
 while firing in crouched positions. At 10 P. M. the 
 skirmishers were relieved, after one of the most des- 
 perate, exciting and fatal charges ever made. Rifle- 
 pits were dug, and preparations made to hold the posi- 
 tion thus gained. The casualties for the number en- 
 gaged were large. 
 
 Orders had been given for a general attack next 
 morning, May 14th, but the line was thought too thin, 
 and hence deferred till the morning of the 16th of 
 May, a disastrous day to the "Army of the James." 
 The evening of the 15th was still and clear. Toward 
 morning a heavy fog arose from the bosom of the 
 James, so dense that the soldiers could scarcely dis- 
 cern each other at the distance of a few feet. Under 
 the cover of this and the darkness, Gen. Beauregard 
 commanding in person fell upon our right, picketed by 
 a few negro cavalry, and attempted to flank our posi- 
 tion. 
 
 Gen. Smith commanded the right, and Gen. Heck- 
 man's brigade of "Weitzel's division, after a gallant 
 fight, was overwhelmed and the general taken prisoner. 
 Equal disaster followed all along the line. The One 
 Hundredth Eegiment moved out, feeling its way in 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. & Vohmteers. 259 
 
 the fog, and in line of battle lay ''down, faces to the 
 ground, two-thirds across the field skirmished on the 
 14th. There, covered from the fire of the advancing 
 rebels in the fog, not, as yet discernible, the regiment 
 waited orders, but no orders came. Subsequently it 
 was known that orderlies had been sent, and that 
 wounded, they had returned without executing their 
 missions. As the rebels emerged from the fog, a few 
 rods in advance of the regiment, and beyond the rifle- 
 pit, the right wing sprang for the rifle-pit, and checked 
 the enemy by a well-directed fire. Many, rather than 
 rise from the ground in that storm of shot, were taken 
 prisoners ; others preferred the risks of retreat to the 
 barbarisms of a southern prison. The work of deci- 
 mating the One ■ Hundredth Regiment was quickly 
 performed. 
 
 That sad hour forced unwilling representatives into 
 southern prisons, to increase the number of sacred 
 dead on southern soil. It has been affirmed, we fear 
 with too much truth, that in consequence of the ap- 
 parent dangers of the campaign, that large numbers 
 of soldiers had expressed a determination to be taken 
 prisoners at the first opportunity, and take the chances 
 of prison, to the campaign. If such was the fact, we 
 think their experience filled them with regrets, and 
 that the fear of death in an occasional battle was 
 nothing to the daily death at Salisbury, Andersonville 
 and Millen. 
 
 The rebel colors were flaunted in our faces, as we 
 were borne back through a tempest of shot to rising 
 
260 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 ground, where our reserves were forming to check the 
 further advance of the enemy. Here Lieut. James H. 
 French was shot in the leg, suffered amputation, and 
 died May 22d, in Libby Prison ; Lieut. Babbitt was 
 wounded and Lieut. Pierson taken prisoner; Serg. 
 Donald McKay, the color bearer, was wounded, and 
 when the writer offered to relieve him of the colors, 
 that he might the better secure his escape, " IsTo," he 
 responded, " I must place them in the hands of the 
 Colonel," which he did, and an ambulance conveyed 
 him to the rear. Such was the disaster at Drury's 
 Bluff. Our thinned and broken columns were forced 
 back to intrenched positions. Beauregard pressed 
 Smith's right with a heavier force, which caused him 
 to fall back and form a new line, extending from the 
 Half "Way House on the turnpike, nine miles from 
 Richmond, almost to the river. Gillmore was com- 
 pelled by this movement to fall back, upon which 
 Beauregard crowded the whole national line closely 
 and heavily, with increasing numbers. Butler per- 
 ceiving the danger to his communications, withdrew 
 his whole force within his lines at Bermuda Hundred, 
 in front of which Beauregard threw up parallel works 
 almost at speaking distance from the national intrench- 
 ments. At this time Gen. Kautz was upon another 
 raid on the railways leading to Richmond, from the 
 south and south-west. "While retreating, the house 
 where Lieut. Hoyt was dying was almost surrounded 
 by the enemy. The order had been given to fall back. 
 Chaplain Linn was at his side. He determined to 
 
One Evmdredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 261 
 
 save him. A sergeant procured a stretcher. The 
 Lieutenant was laid upon it and almost immediately 
 expired. The Chaplain covered him with a blanket 
 and turned to leave him. The rebel cavalry were in 
 sight. Though dead the Chaplain could not trust him 
 for burial in rebel hands. He asked of his company 
 who would volunteer to go with him and secure the 
 body. Offers were plenty. The Colonel consented. 
 His body was secured and borne into camp, and 
 buried by Capt. Brunck and Chaplain Linn and the 
 proper escort, though the Lieutenant requested if he 
 fell, that his body might be buried where he was slain. 
 In a wood at the road side were the scattered rem- 
 nants of the One Hundredth Regiment, which a few 
 days before, and even on that fatal morning, was the 
 size of many brigades, now was hardly cognizable as 
 a regiment at all. Gen. Butler and staff riding by, 
 said: "Where is your regiment?" He was shown 
 the handful in the wood and told that there was what 
 remained of seven hundred men. He said he was 
 sorry for us, that we were a brave regiment, but he 
 could not help us in the hour of need. As we 
 marched and neared the camp we left on the morning 
 of the 12th, our numbers kept increasing, though the 
 sad gaps in companies at roll call, told a tale of loss 
 unmistakable. Co. "K," commanded by Lieut. 
 Stowits, had lost during the 13th, 14th and 16th,. 
 twenty-four men and one officer, in killed, wounded, 
 and missing ; a fair average of the 'loss of each com- 
 pany in the regiment. 
 
262 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 Col. H. M. Plaisted, commanding brigade, in his 
 report of the repulse at Drury's Bluff, says of the One 
 Hundredth : " That the skirmish line upon their right 
 giving way, the One Hundredth was overwhelmed by 
 the enemy upon its front and flank, and this gallant 
 regiment, refusing to retire without orders, suffered 
 the loss so much to be regretted. Throughout the ex- 
 pedition this regiment had the advance, and always 
 willing, always ready, was the first and foremost in 
 the fight, and last to leave the field. Upon every oc- 
 casion, under its gallant leader, its conduct was indeed 
 most creditable to itself and the great State it repre- 
 sents. Credit is due Col. Dandy and the One Hun- 
 dredth New York for the admirable manner in which 
 they performed every duty." 
 
 The works extending from the James to the Ap- 
 pomattox river were to be substantially built. Gen. 
 Butler's position was almost impregnable, with the 
 rivers on each flank filled with monitors and gunboats 
 and his rear free for the transportation of supplies. 
 The spade was active night and day. At first nought 
 but a picket line of posts was established in front of 
 the intrenchments, but soon the activity of the rebels 
 on our front, made it necessary to dig rifle-pits, and 
 prepare for a stubborn defence of an outer line. The 
 enemy began the work of attempting to drive in our 
 pickets, and force us within the main line at once. 
 Our picket duty became a constant battle. 
 
 May 21st. A fierce attack was made on our line 
 led by the rebel Gen. "Walker, a Texan by birth. In 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 263 
 
 handling his men in the wood he became separated 
 from his command and rode up to onr line, and think- 
 ing it his own, ordered us on, when at once seeing his 
 error, he wheeled, threw himself on the neck of his 
 horse, striking him deeply with spurs, and attempted 
 to flee, but a well-directed volley brought horse and 
 rider to the ground. His horse was killed, and the 
 general was badly wounded. He affirmed that if he 
 had not been taken, soon our line would have been 
 doubled up and broken, and our position flanked. He 
 lost a leg, was sent to Fortress Monroe and recov- 
 ered. He was a fine-looking, intelligent officer, about 
 forty-five years of age. 
 
 In the meantime the rebels were fortifyng their 
 works and getting guns into position to shell our rifle- 
 pits. The rebel pits were only a few rods distant, and 
 the quiet of several days was ominous of the storm to 
 follow. They opened on us, drove us from the pits, 
 but reinforced by a brigade under Col. Howell, they 
 were retaken and the line held. It was one of the 
 sharpest of contests for the small numbers engaged, and 
 is known as the battle of " Ware Bottom Church." 
 The trees were scarred and peeled with bullets. 
 
 The enemy repeated the attack the following day 
 with no better success. Our inner line of works were 
 nearly complete with abatis and wire in front, so 
 that the troops were secure. All along the fine be- 
 tween the river the enemy tried to assault every con- 
 ceivable weak point. We had become quite familiar 
 on the picket line with the rebels. Though all com- 
 
264 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 munication was forbidden, still many stratagems were 
 planned to obtain papers in exchange for tobacco. 
 While lying quietly in our pits, at times, the rebels 
 would open their batteries, sending shells into the 
 woods, crushing and crashing with deafening noise, 
 as though the whole rebel army was upon us. Soon 
 the danger would be less apparent, and as there was 
 no advance of the enemy, the men would crouch down 
 and protect themselves from the bursting shrapnels 
 sending their showers of bullets through the air. 
 
 Our picket line, having an irregular shape, was 
 straightened the last of May, so that we were nearer 
 camp, and less liable to a flank movement of the 
 rebels. On the evening of the first of June, at the 
 hour of 9 P. M., it being dark and rainy, the rebels 
 opened with volleys of musketry upon our pits. "We 
 responded all along the line. For seven hours the 
 firing continued. We averaged one hundred cartridges 
 to each man. At times it seemed, in the darkness, 
 that the rebels were upon us, and the boys would fill 
 the woods in front with streams of fire. Details were 
 sent to the rear for cartridges, for the men were so 
 fearful that the enemy might spring upon, them when 
 empty of means to repel a charge, that we were obliged 
 to deal cartridges singly to economize and be ready 
 should the enemy dash into our pits. As the morn- 
 ing light made our front visible, there was " Johnny " 
 bobbing up his head, resting from the last night's 
 furious fusillade. 
 
 Butler was preparing for the capture of Petersburg 
 
One Hundredth JF. Y. S. Volunteers. 26£ 
 
 when he received orders to send two-thirds of his ef- 
 fective force to Gen. Grant, who was still pressing Let 
 by flank movements and bloody front battles. This 
 order kept us, who remained, in the rifle-pits night anc 
 day. The batteries of the rebels were shelling us wheE 
 we were relieved and during our watchful vigilance. 
 Well might Gen. Butler exclaim after, or at the time 
 of complying with Grant's order, " That the necessi- 
 ties of the Army of the Potomac have bottled me up 
 at Bermuda Hundred." 
 12 
 
266 One Hundredth AT. Y. S. Vbkmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 THE REGIMENT STILL AT BERMUDA HUNDRED. — CONSTANT 
 
 FIRING OF THE REBELS ON OUR PICKETS. THEY 
 
 EVACUATE THEIR "WORKS. — WE ENTERED THEM, 
 REACHED THE RAILROAD, AND TORE UP TRACK FOR 
 THREE MILES. — ASSAILED BY PICKETT'S DIVISION. — 
 
 THE REBELS REPULSED. WE HELD THEIR PITS. 
 
 THEY ASSAULT ON THE 17TH OF JUNE. ARE RE- 
 PULSED. THE BRIGADE ORDERED TO DEEP BOTTOM. 
 
 MADE A LANDING AND INTRENCHED. CAPT. GRAN- 
 GER CHARGED THE GROVER HOUSE AND DROVE THE 
 REBELS. 
 
 The day succeeding the evening of June 1st was 
 very quiet, and at night the regiment»was relieved by 
 the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts. The enemy would 
 open their batteries at their pleasure, and the crash of 
 exploding shell in the woods was startling. The men 
 would lie close in the pits till the storm passed over. 
 The duties of the regiment were divided between fa- 
 tigue and picket. There was no relief from constant 
 and severe labor and exposure. The regiment changed 
 camp to the rear, a few rods nearer the bank of the 
 James. Those companies detailed on picket on the 
 
One Rvmdredih N. T. S. Volunteers. 267 
 
 right, and next the bank of the river, were in full view 
 of the exposed line of the rebels in passing from Kich- 
 mond to their works on our front, in consequence of 
 the great bend in the river. They had planted a 
 battery above and near this point, at what was 
 known as the Howlitt House, and at the head of navi- 
 gation limit by our navy. The position of the One 
 Hundredth at this time was on a high bluff over- 
 looking Dutch Gap, Fort Harrison and the rebel works 
 on the opposite side of the James river. Capt. Gran- 
 ger, who had been absent since the charge on Wagner, 
 July 18th, 1863, and had been on duty in New York 
 and Hiker's island most of the time, joined the regi- 
 ment, and took charge of Co. " K," which had been 
 commanded by Lieut. Stowits for most of the year. 
 Its numbers had been much reduced in common with 
 other companies of the regiment. In the details for 
 picket and fatigue, only a limited number of officers 
 were sent out. Toward the middle of June every 
 captain in camp was sick, and the details for picket 
 were commanded by lieutenants. 
 
 The guns of Cool Arbor were booming on the air. 
 The soldiery hoped that the end was near. But, " as 
 coming events cast their shadows before," so the has- 
 tily constructed pontoons across the James river gave 
 evidence that our army was changing position and 
 that present hopes of entering Richmond were not to 
 be entertained. Grant was moving his forces on 
 Petersburg. Lee, as soon as aware of Grant's intent, 
 began to move the army of northern Virginia toward 
 
268 One Hundredth IV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 Petersburg. Hence from the Bermuda front the 
 rebels were withdrawn to save that city. 
 
 The One Hundredth went on picket the night of the 
 14th of June. The 15th they were relieved by the 
 Tenth Connecticut. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th the videttes of the Tenth 
 Connecticut discovered that the enemy had evacuated 
 their pits, and " our boys sailed in," took three officers 
 on our right and forty men, who had not received the 
 order to move, as some were sound asleep. Gen. Terry 
 was at once commanded to force Beauregard's lines, 
 and destroy and hold, if possible, the railway in that 
 vicinity. Terry reached the road with the Eleventh 
 Maine, Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, two batteries 
 and one regiment of cavalry ; the Tenth Connecticut 
 still holding the picket line, and the One Hundredth 
 Regiment in camp under arms. Their works were 
 levelled. The railroad was destroyed for three miles, 
 when the rebels were reinforced by Lee with ten times 
 our numbers, and Terry was obliged to retire at 4^ 
 P. M. The Twenty-fourth Massachusetts was in ad- 
 vance. The Eleventh Maine was lying in ambush 
 at Ware Bottom Church, just outside of our rifle pits. 
 The Tenth Connecticut, having moved farther to the 
 front, now fell back to the line of the Eleventh Maine 
 and faced to the ground also. The Twenty-fourth 
 Massachusetts fell back as skirmishers, and the " John- 
 nies " came on, with that yell which was unlike any 
 human screech ever known, across the ravine, and as 
 they arose the hill in front of the Eleventh Maine and 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 269 
 
 Tenth Connecticut, the rebels repeated their yells of 
 triumph, and intended to dash into the pits, when the 
 Tenth Connecticut and Eleventh Maine rose and 
 poured two volleys into the very teeth of the rebels 
 driving their yells and thoughts clear through them, 
 when with dead and wounded they beat a hasty re- 
 treat. They got no farther than their main works, 
 while we held their pits. At 5 P. M. the One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment, under Maj. Hash, was ordered out 
 to support our brigade. We lay all night in rear of 
 the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, and all day the 17th 
 of June, when the rebels made another ineffectual at- 
 tempt to regain their pits. They made a dash on the 
 left of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts and in front of 
 the Thirty-ninth Illinois, and drove the latter from the 
 pits. But the Thirty-ninth, with that veteran cool- 
 ness, skirmished back and retook their position, sup- 
 ported by Co. " I," Capt. Brunck, who, always cool, was 
 there, not to be driven ; while the left of the Twenty- 
 fourth Massachusetts was strengthened by Co. "K," 
 Lieut. Stowits, whose men at once commenced to throw 
 up a rifle pit, the balls flying like hail, though too 
 high for effect. The adjutant of the Twenty-fourth 
 Massachusetts had his lips cut elose to his teeth with- 
 out breaking the enamel, a marvel of close shooting. 
 "We held them when the One Hundredth Regiment 
 was relieved at 10 P. M. The forces that struck 
 Terry on that exciting day were Pickett's division of 
 Longstreet's corps, on its way from Richmond to 
 Petersburg. 
 
270 One ITimdredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon William D. Murray, who had 
 faithfully served the regiment, and won the confidence 
 and esteem of both officers and men, left the One 
 Hundredth at Bermuda Hundred, June 15th, 1864, 
 and was mustered out of the regiment and into the 
 One Hundred and Sixty-first Regiment of New York 
 Volunteers, as surgeon, July 16th, 1864 ; and soon after 
 the regiment was ordered to the department of the 
 Gulf, where the experience of Surg. Murray was made 
 successfully available in the sanitary welfare of those 
 committed to his charge. Surg. Kittenger and Surg. 
 Murray served the full term of three years, com- 
 pleting their obligations to government. 
 
 During this movement the monitors just below, in 
 the James, would throw their fifteen-inch shells into 
 the enemy's lines, and the rumble and echoes were as 
 if a whole blacksmith shop, tools, anvils, bellows and 
 all were hurled through the air, to the appalling dis- 
 comfiture of the astounded rebels. Both lines, mon- 
 itors and battle were within a breadth of two and a 
 half miles. 
 
 On the evening of the 18th of June, the One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment was ordered on picket, and occupied 
 the rear pits from those held on the 17th. We were 
 stationed along a ravine with two companies, and our 
 right resting on the James river. The gunboats were 
 just below. It was a bright and beautiful night. 
 Every stump was a moving rebel, and the shadows of 
 the waving branches in the breeze, were squads 'of ad- 
 vancing rebels. My position, with my two companies, 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 271 
 
 was an almost impassable locality, terminating in a 
 wood slide of one hundred feet in descent, at the foot 
 of which was a wharf from which steamers were sup- 
 plied with fuel in the days of peace, when red war was 
 not raging through those quiet vales. It was Sunday. 
 We had been fighting for three days. We were ex- 
 pecting an attack at any moment. Our life was in 
 the rifle-pits. My negro, God bless him, brought my 
 meals when shot and shell were flying in every direc- 
 tion. His bravery always insured my coffee and hard 
 tack, blanket and overcoat. Wiley Walker, like 
 many other colored servants, was a character marked 
 and individual. He was brave, reliable and full of the 
 merits of our cause. In the rear of our tent, often has 
 his soothing voice, with tones rich and musical, lulled 
 our wearied spirits to rest, as did our mother in our 
 infant days. He left his family, joined us at Glouces- 
 ter Point, May 2d, 1864, and entered Richmond the 
 last of April, 1865, meeting his family, having seen 
 what he had long hoped for, the surrender of Lee and 
 the capture of the rebel capital. 
 
 Monday, June 20th. The brigade, commanded by 
 Gen. E. S. Foster, was ordered to take and hold Deep 
 Bottom. The One Hundredth New York, Eleventh 
 Maine, Tenth Connecticut, and Twenth-fourth Massa- 
 chusetts moved out of camp in light marching order 
 at 5 P. M., and in heat and clouds of dust marched 
 ten miles below Richmond to a spot on a narrow 
 peninsula, known in the bend of the James river as 
 Deep Bottom, the water being estimated at eighty 
 
272 One Bwndredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 feet in depth. A pontoon train had preceded us. The 
 boats were soon afloat. The troops on the river bank 
 were divided into details to carry the string-pieces, to 
 place them in position on the boats, to bring plank, to 
 lay them in place, and all with wonderful celerity and 
 precision, so that a little after midnight the bridge was 
 complete, the brigade waB over, and the axes of the 
 Eleventh Maine were ringing in echoes through the 
 woods, and the shovel was busily employed in throw- 
 ing up intrenchments for defence. This was another 
 of those prompt movements of Gen. Butler, and was 
 a decided success. The secure position of Gen. Foster 
 enabled Gen. Grant to throw heavy bodies of troops 
 to the north side of the James when desired. Gen. 
 Lee, seeing this advantage, constructed a pontoon 
 bridge across the river at Drury's Bluff to make a bet- 
 ter resistance to Grant's flanking movements. Cav- 
 alry videttes were posted in front of our position while 
 our work of heavy fatigue went on. Three thousand 
 Ohio troops of one hundred days men suddenly appeared 
 among us. We threw down the shovel and took up 
 the gun, and soon had active work to do. A post of 
 cavalry had been driven in at the Grover House, one 
 mile from the landing. Gen. Foster applied to Col. 
 Dandy for one company, all he could afford to lose, 
 he said, if unsuccessful in driving the enemy from the 
 house. Capt. Granger, the senior officer of the line, 
 and Co. " K," were chosen to make the charge. As 
 the company had been commanded by Lieut. Stowits 
 for most of the year, and there being no other officer in 
 
One Hxmebredth JV. Y. & Vohmteers. 273 
 
 it, lie being then in command of Co." A," Col. Dandy 
 asked Lieut. Stowits if he would accompany Capt. 
 Granger to make the charge. The Lieutenant re- 
 sponded, " Yes, Colonel, if you order it." He replied, 
 " I should like to have you go." The Lieutenant went. 
 The company moved out to the right, and in the mean- 
 time Maj. Nash sent a sergeant and a few picked men 
 to make a detour through the woods and deceive the 
 rebels as to the numbers upon them. We had to pass 
 through three fields before reaching the house, one of 
 oats and the last of corn to the height of the knee. 
 The Major followed us across the ravine and to the 
 spot where we were to charge through the corn field. 
 At a double quick, amid a shower of balls, while the 
 crack of rifles in the woods told us that our skirmish- 
 ers were at work, we pushed on and reached the fence 
 at the right flank of the house, without firing a shot 
 and with the loss of only one man, Corporal Bond, 
 shot in the foot. What with the firing of our men in 
 the woods, and the strong front of a full regiment of 
 one hundred days men drawn up> in line at the spot 
 where we started, and our quick dash to gain the fence, 
 completely frightened the " Johnnies," and the Grover 
 
 House was ours. 
 12* 
 
274 One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 THE POSITION OP THE GROVER HOUSE. THE ASSISTANCE 
 
 OF THE GUNBOATS. THE REBELS SHELLED. OUR 
 
 POSITION AT DEEP BOTTOM CONTRASTED WITH THAT 
 
 ON THE BERMUDA FRONT. THE WORKS ON OUR 
 
 FRONT WERE MADE STRONG. THE BRIGADE WAS RE- 
 INFORCED. JULT 27TH HANCOCK AND SHERIDAN 
 
 MOVED UPON OUR RIGHT. THE WHOLE LINE MOVED. 
 
 CO. " K," CAPT. GRANGER, MADE ANOTHER CHARGE. 
 
 — CAPT. RICHARDSON KILLED. — HIS BODY WAS NOT 
 RECOVERED. 
 
 The Grover House was the most advanced post on 
 our picket line at Deep Bottom, in easy and fair range 
 of the fort on the opposite hill, with the right and left 
 of our picket line refused, as military would express it. 
 As soon as the rebels were driven from the house, we 
 posted a picket on the left in view of a point of woods, 
 fearing a flank movement, as two regiments of rebel 
 infantry and one of cavalry were a short distance from 
 us, and it was thought that an effort would be made to 
 retake the house. 
 
 The gunboats in the river were waiting the signal to 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 275 
 
 open fire. We had hardly posted the picket before a 
 Parrott shell struck a few rods from us, ploughed up 
 the soft soil, which knocked over the man on post, nearly 
 covering him with dirt, and passed on, exploding in the 
 woods beyond. "We said to the picket, who was a 
 German, "Are you hurt?" He replied, " No," but I soon 
 saw that he was stunned and not a little demoralized. 
 "We supplied his place. The next shot passed over our 
 heads and burst among the retreating rebels. The 
 range was fairly obtained, and no further anxiety was 
 felt. Co. " K " was relieved, and fresh men held the 
 house during the night. Col. Dandy was compli- 
 mented for the successful charge of Capt. Granger, 
 which was truly merited as far as the Captain and Co. 
 " K " were concerned. "We have ever felt respect for 
 that regiment from Ohio of one hundred days men. 
 The sight of that large regiment, sent to dig and not 
 to fight, surprised and frightened the rebels, and saved 
 Co. " K " from destruction. 
 
 Our picket line was established along the brow of 
 the hill in front of the fort being constructed, and 
 overlooking the valley, the Grove'r House and the rebel 
 line in front. The enemy commenced to throw up 
 parallel works as soon as they saw that we were firmly 
 seated at Deep Bottom. The baggage of the regi- 
 ment had arrived, and a spot had been selected for 
 camp, which was at once occupied. Dig, watch and 
 chop were the orders day and night. 
 
 Adjt. Peck was sick. Lieut. George G. Barnum 
 was acting adjutant. Capt. Brown, who had been act- 
 
276 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 ing as quartermaster for a long time, asked to be re- 
 lieved, which was granted, and George G. Barnum 
 appointed in his place, who was familiar with its 
 duties, having been associated with Capt. Brown as 
 quartermaster sergeant. In the meantime Adjt. Peck 
 had returned to duty. The fatigue of the regiment 
 was excessive. The change from Bermuda front to 
 Deep Bottom, in many respects, was for the better. 
 We had the best of spring water bubbling from the 
 earth, making small streams, and in quantity to supply 
 many brigades. Our right rested on Four Mile creek, 
 and our left flank, and most of our front and right of 
 the picket line, was in the woods, a welcome shade 
 during the very warm days of July and August. 
 
 Fine buildings overlooking the James had been 
 burned, leaving nothing but those large towering 
 chimneys, small monuments of secesh folly and fa- 
 natical ruin. These chimneys throughout the South 
 are generally constructed on the outside of the build- 
 ing, as there is more room outside than in. 
 
 The facilities for bathing, on shore and from the 
 pontoon bridge, were* unequaled, and were gleefully 
 improved. 
 
 The gunboats Mendota and Hunchback lay in the 
 stream cooperating with Gen. Foster, the former 
 below the pontoon, and the later above the bridge. 
 The enemy shelled the gunboats throughout the 22d 
 of June. The Mendota returned the enemy's fire, and 
 silenced their batteries. The rebels on the front of 
 Gen. Foster's brigade were Cook's brigade, of Heath's 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 277 
 
 division of A. P. Hill's corps. Their cavalry was 
 commanded by Maj. Robbins of Hocum's legion. The 
 gunboats continued to shell the enemy left and right, 
 driving them farther from our picket line, and making 
 them very chary of an advance. At this time the 
 men were digging to lay out camp near where one of 
 the buildings was situated, and discovered a large iron 
 pot nearly filled with gold and silver. The excitement 
 was intense among the boys, when these spoils of war 
 were divided among them on their own motion. The 
 amount was variously estimated from five hundred to 
 five thousand dollars. "We remember that it was dif- 
 ficult to ascertain the precise amount, though we saw 
 many pieces of the coin in the hands of members of 
 the One Hundredth Regiment. 
 
 This successful movement of Gen. Foster, and his 
 tenable position at the point selected, elicited words 
 of warm commendation from all acquainted with the 
 facts of the undertaking. The forts soon assumed 
 shape, and were manned, and the covered way leading 
 from one to the other was finished a little after the 
 fourth of July. Till the 15th of July there had been 
 no rain for forty days. Digging was labor in that 
 hard red clay. It took the larger part of three regi- 
 ments to picket the line, and hence we averaged every 
 second night on duty. The weather was very warm, 
 though the James river was very near. There was an 
 occasional alarm on the picket line. One night a sen- 
 tinel blazed away at a hog foraging near the line. 
 
 We had pushed our line farther into the woods as 
 
278 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 July advanced. The woods caught fire and burned 
 fiercely, threatening camp. A welcome rain and for- 
 tunate slashing in front, saved the camps from destruc- 
 tion. The middle of July the brigade was reinforced 
 by a regiment of dismounted Maryland cavalry, and 
 our duties were lightened. The enemy would occa- 
 sionally press our line to try its strength, but were in- 
 variably repulsed. They showed much activity along 
 our front during the last days of July. Capt. "William 
 Brown resigned from ill health, and left for the North. 
 July 27th was one of those exciting days, when the 
 soldier, if alive to all the interests of the cause at 
 stake, is intensly interested in passing events. Han- 
 cock's corps and Sheridan's cavalry were crossing the 
 pontoons all night, and that dull, heavy, and low 
 muffled sound, told to us that work was ahead. The 
 One Hundredth was on picket, and Co. " K " was in 
 reserve. From 12 midnight, till morning, the cross- 
 ing on the bridge was continuous. At sunrise the 
 battle commenced. Steadily the picket line was 
 pressed forward upon the rebels, and the firing was 
 incessant. Hancock moved up on our right across 
 Four Mile creek, threw out his skirmishers and ad- 
 vanced. He charged and took four thirty-pounder 
 rifled guns and drove the rebels. Sheridan kept cross- 
 ing during the day. At 8 A. M. the reserve, Co. 
 " K," was ordered to the Grover House, upon which 
 it had charged five weeks before, and Capt. Granger 
 ordered to take and hold a point of wood across a wide 
 field and the Charles City road, or a road leading from 
 
One Htmdredth JV. T. S. Vohmteers. 279 
 
 the James river to the Charles City road, and if pos- 
 sible a house known as the Phillips' House, close up 
 to the enemy's rifle pits. 
 
 Lieut. Stowits had charge of the advance, while 
 Capt. Granger followed with the reserve. The men 
 were deployed as skirmishers, and steadily advanced. 
 The rebels poured into us a shower of balls. When 
 two-thirds of the way across the field we said : " Now 
 boys, make for the fence and woods, double quick." It 
 was done, and strange to record, as in the case of the 
 charge on the Grover House, with only the loss of one 
 man, private John Brown shot in the knee, which com- 
 pelled amputation. Capt. Granger quickly brought 
 up the reserve, and the cover of the trees enabled us 
 to advance with less danger, but orders came not to 
 leave the wood from which the rebels had been driven, 
 but to hold it for the time at all hazards. Our left 
 flank was exposed, and one company of the Twenty- 
 fourth Massachusetts was sent to our left to watch the 
 enemy. The firing was severe, though without further 
 loss to the charging party. The woods were held for 
 seven hours. 
 
 While in the wood a deserter came in from the rebel 
 line in front. He wore a jaunty cap with red band, 
 and was dressed miscellaneously, as most 6f the enemy 
 at this time. He looked pale and much excited. He 
 inquired what troops were present. When told, he 
 said " I am lost." The regiment to which he formerly 
 belonged was the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, and 
 his own company from which he had deserted in North 
 
280 One llvmdredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 Carolina, was supporting us, lying along a rail fence 
 in our rear. The circumstance was a fatality, and 
 seemed strange and incomprehensible. He was at 
 once recognized by the members of the company from 
 which he had deserted. " How are you, Jim," was the 
 salutation. He had experienced the vicissitudes of 
 fickle fortune while in the South. In business, and 
 finally conscripted, suffered much, tired of the rebel 
 army, and finally deserted. Had he come in on any 
 other part of our line he would have been saved. As 
 it was he was tried, condemned and shot as a deserter, 
 August 8th, in the presence of all the troops not on 
 duty. He was buried where he fell, in sight of the 
 One Hundredth Regiment on duty. 
 
 Deserters came in daily, all telling the same story, 
 tired of the war, constant marching from right to left, 
 and but little rest, and no confidence in their cause. 
 It was at the time of this advance that Capt. Richard- 
 son was shot, but the facts have not, nor we fear never 
 will be fully known. He was engaged in common 
 with the whole line of pickets, moving on, and it is 
 supposed, that owing to the nature of the ground, he 
 must have lost connection of his line, and in the vain 
 effort of finding skulking men, moved in front of his 
 line, near the enemy, and was shot. It was learned 
 subsequently that he was not instantly killed, but died 
 soon after, and was buried by the enemy. He was a 
 daring, cool and brave officer, much liked by his com- 
 pany and a favorite with the regiment. His loss was 
 felt by all. 
 
One Himebredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 281 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 preparations foe the advance on the north side of 
 
 the james at deep bottom. hancock's corps and 
 
 gregg's cavalry with terry's division of bibney's 
 tenth corps. moved out of works at deep bot- 
 tom on the morning of august 15th. the one 
 
 hundredth charge and take a battery of four 
 
 guns. make a connection with hancock and 
 
 moved to the front, and led into the charge on 
 the enemy's works at fussil's mills. 
 
 The whole line of works, from the north side of the 
 James river to a point near the "Weldon railroad, were 
 complete, and could be held by half the force, enabl- 
 ing Gen. Grant to employ the remainder in flank 
 movements upon the enemy. The soldier on the 
 north bank of the James began to feel that stirring 
 work was at hand. The movement of the 27th of 
 July was the introduction of a more vigorous one in 
 the early part of August. The mine in front of 
 Petersburg had been completed, and the advance on 
 the north side of the James caused Lee to send from 
 the south side five divisions of his troops to meet the 
 impending danger before Richmond. 
 
282 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 Lee's line weakened, Grant determined to explode 
 the mine, blow up the fort over it, and successfully as- 
 sault the rebel works. The explosion was a success. 
 The assault was a failure. Grant was disappointed, 
 but not discouraged. He paused twelve days, and the 
 order was given to Hancock to strike the Confederates 
 at Deep Bottom. Changes in commanders had been 
 made. Birney succeeded Gillmore, and Ord, "W. F. 
 Smith. Hancock was joined by Birney and Gregg's 
 cavalry division, and Foster's command formed a part 
 of the Tenth Corps under Birney. 
 
 The expeditionary force was placed on board trans- 
 ports at City Point, and its destination reported to be 
 Washington City. That night it went up James river 
 to Deep Bottom. The debarkation and advance were 
 too slow to be a surprise. In every movement in the 
 night, Foster's command was certain to perform a 
 leading part. The picket line had been ordered, with 
 the reserves in camp, a short time previous, to press 
 the enemy's works and open fire. The One Hun- 
 dredth held the right. Through brush and swamp, to 
 higher ground, the regiment made way. The Colonel 
 said the fight must commence, but the main line must 
 be held as reserve. Volunteers were called for, when 
 the writer with ten men moved out to the right, skir- 
 mished the front and at once drew the fire of the 
 enemy. The balls came into the woods a storm, strik- 
 ing the trees with telling effect, wounding one of the 
 ten volunteers. 
 Lest we might bring on a general engagement we 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Vohmteers. 283 
 
 were ordered back to our picket line, and the reserves 
 to camp. The enemy's position and strength had been 
 ascertained, and the object of the advance gained. 
 
 All night, or morning rather, the troops came pour- 
 ing along the various routes toward our picket line. 
 The line had advanced and was vigorously at work 
 digging rifle-pits through the night. The One Hun- 
 dredth was on picket on the left of Deep Bottom 
 front. At daylight cavalry pickets were sent to hold 
 the line, and our brigade was withdrawn and sent to 
 the right for active duty in the coming fray. No break- 
 fast, or time for any. The men and officers divided 
 what was on hand in haversacks, as we moved into the 
 woods. The heat was oppressive at early morning. 
 Every second company of the regiment was deployed 
 as skirmishers. The ground over which we passed near 
 Four Mile creek cannot be described. Brush, briars, 
 swamp, ravines and pits, are but expressions for 
 the surface of this historic soil. "We charged the 
 enemy's pickets at once and they gave way. They 
 sought refuge in a few advanced rifle-pits recently 
 constructed on the spot where we had drawn their 
 fire a few days since. We crowded them so closely 
 that they saw the pits were untenable, and they fled to 
 their next line of works, on the brow of the hill over- 
 looking Deep Bottom and the James. The musketry 
 fire was terrific. We took thirty prisoners. The heat 
 had become intolerable. The enemy's batteries from 
 the hill played upon us, and the noise of bursting 
 shell and cracking limbs would have frightened any 
 
284 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 other troops ; but the One Hundredth Begiment had 
 been on Morris island, and knew what noises were, 
 compared with which these were only crackers. The 
 regiment lay for the time under cover. Co. "A," 
 Lieut. Stowits, held a gap between the right of the 
 regiment in the enemy's pits, and Co. " I," Capt. 
 Brunck, on the left of the opening, covered by a corn 
 field. From the haste and disorder manifested on the 
 hill by the rebels, and their apparent flight, and the 
 presence of horses at the batteries, our troops seemed 
 eager for the word to move upon them. Just at this 
 time we ordered a few men at the gap or hollow to 
 shoot the horses at the guns. While directing, a shell 
 exploded on our front, taking half of the head of one 
 man on our right, and nearly cutting in two another 
 on our left, completely demoralizing the rest of us in 
 that position. A. wounded rebel near by bad crawled 
 behind a tree with a badly shattered limb, begging to 
 be taken out of the reach of shot and shell. "We as- 
 sured him that when our own wounded were cared for, 
 he should get attention, which was given. 
 
 While lying, standing and waiting for orders, the 
 enemy's guns still bursting shells about us, Gens. 
 Grant, Meade, Foster, and other generals and their re- 
 spective staffs, rode up the road leading to the right of 
 the One Hundredth Regiment and dismounted, sitting 
 without the pits recently taken, exposed to the enemy's 
 fire. We thought the position too exposed for a leader 
 with so mueh responsibility as Gen. Grant. But there 
 he sat, apparently cool, with that inevitable cigar be- 
 
One Hwndredth JV. Y. 8. Vokmteera. 285 
 
 tween his fingers, giving his orders as though on pa- 
 rade. He looked 60 inward, and distant, that a child 
 in the street would hardly dare to ask alms when look- 
 ing into that face, so blank, but not displeasing. 
 
 Col. Dandy was ordered to assemble the One Hun- 
 dredth, and with the support of the Sixth Connecti- 
 cut, charge and take a four-gun battery to the right of 
 our position across a ravine, through a thicket of tan- 
 gled vines and thorns, and make a connection with 
 Hancock's left, a mile beyond. We formed, moved 
 by the right flank, and made for the ravine, while the 
 batteries of the rebels from the hill played upon us 
 with frightful noises, exploding their shells and wound- 
 ing our men. Into the ravine we plunged and com- 
 menced the ascent. There was some confusion, and 
 apparent delay, when Gen. Foster, who was watching 
 us with agitated feelings, showed 6igns of excitement 
 in presence of Grant. Chaplain linn, who was near, 
 says that Gen. Grant told Foster that the regiment 
 would come out of the ravine all right, and even then 
 the Colonel was rallying the men around the colors. 
 On we went, driving the enemy from their guns, and 
 marching right over them, taking those prisoners that 
 were hiding near, and without halting crossed another 
 ravine, scaled the opposite bank, and connected with 
 Hancock as ordered. 
 
 The heat had been oppressive, many falling with 
 sunstroke as we advanced. What with the danger and 
 excitement, and heat, the suffering of the men was 
 painful and severe. 
 
286 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 Again the regiment was formed, crossed another 
 field, under the fire of the rebel guns in front of the 
 works of Hancock's men, and entered the works, as 
 the rain came down in sheeted torrents. Wet through, 
 cooled after the sultry heat of the day, we lay down, 
 stood up, any way to pass the night and welcome the 
 dawn. Capt. Granger, with a detail, was sent to drag 
 away the guns captured. Three of the four were se- 
 cured. At daylight we were put on picket till noon, 
 then withdrawn and ordered on. This charge of the 
 day before was a test of the metal of the regiment. 
 They could not be demoralized by bursting shell. Their 
 culture on Morris island had fortified them for such 
 desperate work; Col. Dandy, Maj. Nash, Capts. 
 Brunck, Granger, Lynch, and Lieut. McMann, who 
 was wounded, and all the remaining • officers, with the 
 men, seemed to act with one accord, to execute and ac- 
 complish, under the eye of the Commander-in-Chief 
 of the armies, what he ordered and saw successfully 
 performed. 
 
 The One Hundredth Regiment has never been justly 
 praised for that deed. All cannot know the ground, 
 the danger of fright under such a fire as was experi- 
 enced from the rebel guns, which had not the regiment 
 been familiar with such deafening noises and apparent 
 destruction, it could not have done the work and suc- 
 ceeded. But it was done with less than the loss of 
 thirty men and officers. The heat exceeded that of 
 the previous day. An army was strewn along the road, 
 under the trees, everywhere, borne down with the 
 
WARREN GRAN6ER.JUN. 
 
 Li.Col.and Brevet Col. loo» Re^ N.Y S.YoIs. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 287 
 
 power of the sun's rays, and the fatigues of march and 
 exposure. The sight was anything but cheerful. 
 
 The army of stragglers soon became larger than 
 the army of operations. Through this straggling host, 
 most of whom had come from the front of Petersburg 
 a few nights before, and were foot-sore and weary, we 
 reached the front. Heavy shelling of the enemy's 
 works was in progress. Gregg's cavalry and Mile's 
 brigade of Barlow's division were on the Charles City 
 road, while Terry's division of the Tenth Corps were 
 advanced against the rebel front. In an open field we 
 stopped. The men were falling to the ground, from 
 heat, foaming at the mouth, shivering like dead men ; 
 sights to stir any heart. All felt that a fight, fierce 
 and bloody, was ahead. 
 
 At night we were ordered a little to the left, biv- 
 ouacked, and at morn moved on toward the enemy's 
 line. A few dry crackers, a little water, and in echelon 
 the division cautiously advanced through a field into 
 a wood, slowly moving, as the right of the division in 
 echelon had farther to go, to strike the enemy, than 
 the extreme left, which was the position of the One 
 Hundredth. The Tenth Connecticut was ahead as 
 skirmishers. Soon the crack of rifles told to us that 
 the enemy's pits had been reached on the right, and 
 the vidette posts on our front also. 
 
 Skirmishers of the One Hundredth, led by Capt. 
 Granger, were added to those already engaged, and 
 the rebels were driven Jrom their outposts, and the line 
 of battle passed over them, with an occasional rebel 
 picket dead, having performed his last sentinel duty. 
 
288 One JSwndredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 
 THE CHARGE ON THE REBEL WORKS, AUGUST 16TH.— THE 
 REGIMENT REPULSED. — FELL BACK AND THREW UP 
 ENTRENCHMENTS. — THE REBELS ATTACK AND ARE 
 
 REPULSED IN TURN. THE DEAD WERE BURIED UNDER 
 
 A FLAG OF TRUCE. — WITHDREW ON THE NIGHT OF 
 
 THE 18TH. MOVED TO OLD CAMP AT DEEP BOTTOM. 
 
 REGIMENT LOST SETENTT-THREE KILLED, WOUNDED 
 AND MISSING. — PAYMASTER ARRIVED. MONET EX- 
 PRESSED HOME. 
 
 Before the charge upon the rebel main line, the 
 regiment was halted on the brow of a hill in the wood, 
 a field with high bushes on the left and a ravine in front, 
 with a small stream running through ; and beyond, on 
 the hill side, the enemy had protected their front with 
 slashing. Through this ravine, across the stream, and 
 up through and over the slashing, the regiment was 
 to force its way. 
 
 The order was given, and with cheers at a double- 
 quick we cleared the stream and was scaling the ascent, 
 when sheets of flame from the enemy's guns sent 
 us back for cover, as the men could not live and exe- 
 
One Hkmdredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 289 
 
 cute the command under such a fire. The regiment 
 was formed on the hill again under the eye of Gen. 
 Foster, who, with pistol in hand walked in our rear, 
 though I saw no need of displaying a pistol to officers 
 and men that would accomplish what was ordered if 
 it could be done. 
 
 The command was given, and a second time we 
 sprang into that deadly fire, which had now become 
 a flank as well as a front fire, and we fell back as the 
 rebels were heavily reinforced. In the ravine was a 
 sheltering bank where many men and officers sought 
 shelter from the deadly fire, and were taken prisoners. 
 Here we lost Capt. Granger, who was forced to taste 
 the bitters of a life in southern prisons. Here Serg. 
 Kuhns, of Co. " A," was shot with three balls, and 
 we saved his body, and he was buried a little to the 
 rear by Chaplain linn. 
 
 Since the opening of the spring campaign, Chaplain 
 Linn went as regularly on picket and followed up the 
 advances of the regiment as though an officer of the 
 line. He was not far to the rear, but under fire, bury- 
 ing both rebel and national soldiers alike. In this 
 charge, with the pioneer corps under his direction, he 
 was first and foremost to receive the bodies of the fal- 
 len, preserve whatever of value they had on their per- 
 sons, write the letters to friends, and perform the last 
 sad rites of a soldier's burial. The words brave and 
 daring express the qualities of Chaplain Linn on the 
 battle field. In camp he was under the orders of Col. 
 
 Dandy, and could not feel that freedom of action which 
 13 
 
290 One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 all truly brave men feel at the front, the post of 
 danger. 
 
 Though we failed from the nature of the ground 
 and other causes, of superior numbers and a flank fire, 
 still the right of our line was for a short time com- 
 pletely successful. The works were carried, nearly 
 three hundred men, with three battle flags, were cap- 
 tured, when the foe rallied with heavier force and 
 drove back the division at the time of the second 
 repulse of the One Hundredth. "We fell back only a 
 few rods, and lay down on our faces waiting for the 
 rebels to come out of their works and charge us in re- 
 turn. They did not come. We moved to the left 
 under cover of the woods, and under the direction of 
 Maj. Nash commenced to throw up a line of defence. 
 Their fire had been incessant during the afternoon 
 and into the night. The results of axe and shovel were 
 like magic. Trees were levelled, a ditch was dug, 
 abatis was constructed, and after midnight the men 
 rested till morn from the severe labor and heat. The 
 pickets were only a few rods to the front. 
 
 During "Wednesday and Thursday, the 17th and 
 18th of August, we lay protected by our works, which 
 were strong, and could not be taken by infantry with- 
 out cannon. Thursday night they charged, driving in 
 our pickets, who came in tumbling over the works 
 like sheep. On came the "Johnnies" with that 
 screeching yell, but the boys of the One Hundredth 
 gave them the compliments in return of the 16th, and 
 sent them back repulsed and beaten. A skirmish line 
 
One Hwufredth N. T. & Vohmteers. 291 
 
 was again detailed, and Lieut. Nichols sent out in 
 command the second time. The Lieutenant had re- 
 mained out of the works when his line was attacked 
 and came in alone, his men having preceded him. He 
 was always cool and brave, and not to be frightened 
 from the performance of duty. 
 
 At the instant of the attack a battery of artillery in 
 our rear across a ravine on a height of ground, opened, 
 as supposed, upon the charging rebels. The shells, 
 owing to the want of range, were thrown among 
 the men of the One Hundredth, ploughing the earth, 
 cutting off the small trees, and killing and wounding 
 them in a fearful manner. 
 
 Lieut. Stowits volunteered to go and apprise the 
 commander of the battery of the want of proper range, 
 and back up the ascent of hill through a corn field, 
 keeping between the guns in position, he warned the 
 lieutenant in command of our peril. But no, he had 
 his orders, and could not stop. He found the chief of 
 artillery, who ordered a suspense till he went and 
 saw himself the effects of his work. It was sad to 
 have our own boys shot and wounded by our own 
 guns. Lamentable as it is, it often occurred. Serg. 
 Scott, in command of Co. " D," v in the absence of Lieut. 
 Sandrock, sick, was instantly killed, and the shell 
 wounded three others at the same time. He was a 
 most efficient non-commissioned officer, and his loss 
 was much regretted. Here we should mention that in 
 the early part of the day, under a flag of truce of two 
 hours, the dead were buried. The Tenth Corps lost 
 
292 One Hwndredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 two hundred, dead, that were buried on our front. 
 From the heat they were beyond recognition, and 
 their clothing could not retain their swollen bodies. 
 The dead and wounded cared for, preparations were 
 made for falling back and shortening our line. The 
 pickets were relieved, and Col. Dandy ordered Lieut. 
 Stowits in charge of a new detail, and said to him, 
 " that he must hold that line till he was overwhelmed." 
 At 9 P. M. the troops in rear of the works had left 
 and taken up their line of march to the rear. Still, 
 the picket line at midnight was not relieved. So near 
 were the rebel pickets that the videttes trembled at 
 their posts as the sounds of the rebel shovels in their 
 pits reached their ears, causing the fear that the ene- 
 my would be upon us very soon. 
 
 After midnight we sent a sergeant to the works at 
 the rear and he reported all gone. We then knew 
 that in the haste of departure we had been forgotten. 
 At 2 A. M. we ordered a sergeant to follow the com- 
 mand and get orders from the officer in charge at the 
 inner line. As he reached the abandoned works, an 
 aid of the brigade commander arrived, saying that we 
 had been forgotten, and that we should withdraw at 
 once. The moon at that hour shone brightly. "We 
 feared recognition. Singly the men were ordered to 
 creep over the open space and form in line behind the 
 works. For some time we kept the videttes in posi- 
 tion after the posts were withdrawn. Then they were 
 withdrawn and we waited alone while our men were 
 in position behind the works, to learn, if possible. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 293 
 
 whether the rebels had suspected that we had left. 
 Only a few rods of bushes were between us. All was 
 silent. Quickly we left the spot, and with our saved 
 pickets moved for the inner line and bivouacked, re- 
 lieved of that oppressive fear which had borne us 
 down during the night. The enemy did not discover 
 our absence for an hour after our departure, when they 
 entered our works. 
 
 At the spot where the field hospital had been, we 
 commenced to throw up works for the reserve. With 
 a detail we was ordered to bury the arms and limbs 
 that lay about the amputation boards. It was a sick- 
 ening duty, and fully impressed us with the horrors 
 and cruelty of war. 
 
 So ragged, at this time, had the Confederate sol- 
 diery become, that they stripped most of our dead, and 
 clothed themselves in the national blue. As the 
 rebels made no advance, we moved to the right to 
 join the main body. It rained all through the night. 
 "Wet and hungry we reached the regiment, cut a few 
 boughs, spread our blankets and lay down, lulled to 
 sleep by the pattering rain upon the leaves, waking 
 not till morn. 
 
 The following day was warm. At night the whole 
 command commenced its movement for the James 
 river. In rain and mud, yes, mud, mortar, so deep 
 that when the foot was -placed into it, it seemed to be 
 placed to stay, a part of Virginia real estate. Hun- 
 dreds were falling out. Straggling was getting to be 
 chronic. 
 
294 One. Hundredth N. Y. 8. Voltmteers. 
 
 And this was, after all, nothing but a "reconnais- 
 sance m force" a loss to the national army of five thou- 
 sand in killed, wounded and missing. Of the latter 
 there were but very few. Can the reader form any 
 idea of a reconnoissance in force ? It consisted, in this 
 instance, of more than a corps, with its divisions, bri- 
 gades, regiments and companies ; batteries of artillery 
 and artillery trains, commissary trains, ammunition 
 trains, ambulance corps, the straggling train, train of 
 cooks and the sick train, who are just able to walk, 
 having thrown away their guns or stowed them into 
 some wagon in any train, all forming one long train 
 for miles. As usual the One Hundredth was a part of 
 the rear guard, and through the night, and that red, 
 Sticky clay mud, we struggled till we knew that the 
 James river was near, when we lay down on Straw- 
 berry Plains overlooking our camping ground at Deep 
 Bottom, after an absence of a week, which for heat, 
 severity of duty and stubborn fighting, was an expe- 
 rience which the regiment would ever remember. 
 The regiment lost in this movement seventy-three men 
 and officers in killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 Oapt. John McMann was wounded in the head. 
 Ever at the post of danger he seemed fated for wounds. 
 Capt. "Warren Granger was taken prisoner, and Capt. 
 Evert was stricken down with sunstroke. Sergeants 
 Kuhn, Phillips and Scott were killed, and Sergeants 
 Connelly, Storms, "White, Ely and Adams wounded. 
 Corporal Hull was killed. Nearly half of the killed 
 and wounded were non-commissioned ofiicers. On 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 295 
 
 the arrival of the regiment in camp it was sent on 
 picket. Dirty, sore of foot and stiff in body, we crawled 
 to the picket line. So very warm had it been during 
 the week of active service that the varnish "fried out " 
 from the butt of my pistol at my back, and it was 
 painful to touch the surface of my rubber blanket 
 with my neck, and so pressed was my underclothing, 
 that in removing it, the skin, in spots, came with it. 
 
296 One Him&redth JST. T. S. Vokmteera. 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 HANCOCK AND GREGG WITHDRAWN FROM THE NORTH SIDE 
 
 OF JAMES RIVER. THE ONE HUNDREDTH AGAIN AT 
 
 DEEP BOTTOM. ORDERED TO THE TRENCHES BEFORE 
 
 PETERSBURG. OCCUPIED THE POSITION HELD BT THE 
 
 NINTH CORPS. GENERAX BURNSIDE. LIFE IN THE 
 
 TRENCHES. — COL. DANDT GONE TO BUFFALO. — FEW 
 OFFICERS FOR DUTY. 
 
 Though this advance did not promise as well as de- 
 sired on the right, still it was fruitful on the left. 
 Efforts were made to draw the Confederates from out 
 their works. No deception would succeed. Hence 
 Hancock and Gregg were ordered to the lines of Peters- 
 burg. This was done by the way of Bermuda Hun- 
 dred. As Gen. Lee was obliged, when the right or left 
 of his line was attacked in force, to send his troops 
 from one side to the other of the James, Grant, as soon 
 as Lee had weakened the right of his line, to strengthen 
 and oppose Hancock on his left, ordered Warren, with 
 the Fifth Corps, toxstrike for the "Weldon railroad. 
 After various successes and defeats, Warren finally 
 settled upon the road and held it to the discomfiture 
 
One Ehm&redih N. T. S. Vokmteers. 297 
 
 of the rebels, who saw one of their most important 
 lines of communications wrested from them. 
 
 The regiment settled down into the usual camp rou- 
 tine, with but few officers for duty, and not a large 
 number of men. Lieut. Pratt, of Co. " K," had just 
 returned from the hospital, though not fit for duty. 
 Serg. Edward Cook, who had been absent on detached 
 service in the quartermaster's department, since Janu- 
 ary, 1863, had recently been commissioned as second 
 lieutenant, and reported for duty to the regiment, 
 which added one efficient officer. 
 
 The paymaster came, the regiment was paid, and, 
 through the prompt action of Lieut. Barnum, the 
 money of all who desired was expressed North. The 
 regiment was supplied with rations and clothing, and 
 ordered to the south side of the James, across the Ap- 
 pomattox river, and into the trenches of Petersburg, 
 August 29th. 
 
 We left Deep Bottom on the evening of the 26th of 
 
 August. In compliance with orders, we were ready 
 
 to move the evening of the 25th. We were in line, 
 
 when we were driven to our deserted tents by one of 
 
 the most terrific storms of the season. We endured 
 
 the rain as best we could waiting for the morning. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 26th, hot, sultry and in heavy 
 
 marching order, we turned our backs on Deep Bottom, 
 
 crossed the pontoon bridge, and moved along toward 
 
 Bermuda Hundred, and across the Appomattox river 
 
 near Point of Kocks. Dark, the men weary and 
 
 thirsty, and on a forced march, amid rain, thunder 
 13* 
 
298 One Hwndre&th N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 and blinding lightning, through mud, across swollen 
 streams, the men straggling fearfully, so that, what 
 was a regiment at the start seemed only a full sized 
 company. They would move out in squads and lie 
 down, in the darkness, unobserved. The Colonel 
 threatened to court martial any officer allowing strag- 
 gling. Then there would have been no officers for 
 duty till released from arrest. At 2 A. M. we were 
 forced to stop. We had one man in Co. " A " when 
 we halted, but soon they came up, and before morning, 
 the stragglers were mostly on the ground. At day- 
 break we took the position of the Ninth Corps, in 
 front of the works of Petersburg. We held the spot 
 twenty-four hours, when, just as we were ready to oc- 
 cupy sleeping quarters, we were ordered to be in line 
 in fifteen minutes for another position. In the dark- 
 ness we felt our way, and in an hour were nearing the 
 rebel line along a covered way, in the mud and water 
 knee deep, where we were obliged to stand for an 
 hour. Before day we were marched into the trenches 
 and relieved a regiment of negroes, nearly in front of 
 the fort blown up by the explosion of the mine on the 
 30th of July. 
 
 At the last place of duty we lost the services of 
 another officer, Lieut. Hughson. He was standing 
 near the pit in which the regiment was lying, with 
 Capt. Brunck and Lieut. Stowits. A ball from the 
 rebel line passed between Brunck and Stowits, strik- 
 ing Hughson in the neck with a dull, heavy sound, 
 and he fell as though knocked down with a mallet. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 299 
 
 He was taken to the rear, the wound dressed by Dr. 
 Kittenger, and the Lieutenant sent to Fortress Monroe, 
 where subsequently he recovered. 
 
 Now we were in front of Petersburg. We held five 
 hundred yards of our brigade front, occupying the 
 position of the Ninth Corps, held by Burnside. The 
 regiment held position over the mine that led to the 
 rebel fort, at our front, which was blown up as men- 
 tioned. Holes were dug in the earth at the rear of the 
 embankment in front, to protect the men from the 
 shot and shell of the enemy, as well as from the pre- 
 mature explosion of our own shells from batteries in 
 the rear. The firing at this spot, and all along the 
 front held by the regiment, was continuous. A head 
 shown above the works would provoke a dozen bullets 
 at once. The boys fired six thousand rounds the first 
 night. It was a new thing and they seemed to feel 
 as though the " Johnnies " were coming every moment. 
 There were no vidette sentinels in front, as the 
 lines were so elose together, hence the firing was 
 only a 6tate of constant preparation. Should the 
 rebels advance, they would be obliged to do it under 
 fire, and the reverse. It was a new life to live. 
 In the ravine, along the creek, with secure holes in 
 the bank, the Colonel, Major, Surgeon and camp fol- 
 lowers passed their first tour of duty at the front, in 
 the works of Petersburg. 
 
 A volume could be written from this period of time 
 until the close of the war. The experience of the 
 regiment was so full of incident and constant duty, 
 
300 One Hvmdredih N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 and various movements, that it is difficult to 6elect 
 what shall be unrecorded. The tour of duty was from 
 three to four days in the trenches and two days out. 
 Coffee was made in camp at the rear and brought to 
 the men. A covered way, or ditch, leading from the 
 front to the rear, protected the men from the shot of 
 the enemy ; though often our men were struck while 
 moving or standing in this, covered way. Corporal 
 Groffe, of Co. "H," was struck in the arm, badly 
 wounding him, while the regiment was at rest. The 
 camp at the rear was protected in various ways. Bul- 
 lets were flying at all times, and that hissing whistle 
 of the minnie ball through the woods, striking the 
 trees, and sometimes wounding the men as they slept, 
 became very familiar. . Tents, bullet proof, were 
 built. A hole in the ground, partly covered with logs, 
 banked with earth, or one side of the tent stockaded 
 and banked as a protection against bullets, with 
 various other methods, were the means employed to 
 save life in that inferno of shot and shell. Now and 
 then a round shot would go ploughing through the 
 camp as a diversion or change in the chapter of fears 
 and horrors. 
 
 At this time Col. Dandy was absent on leave for 
 thirty days, and Maj. Nash was the only field officer 
 in charge. It was a critical time in the history of the 
 regiment, and its position was one of danger, though its 
 experience on Morris island was of much advantage, 
 as a preparation to endure this life before Petersburg. 
 Then the terms of enlistment of many were expiring, 
 
One Bwndredth JV. T. S. Vohmteere. 301 
 
 and much labor in making out the necessary papers 
 had to be performed, though regular duties could not 
 be omitted. There were but few officers. The bri- 
 gade was commanded by Col. H. M. Plaisted, of the 
 Eleventh Maine, the senior colonel of the brigade, as 
 Gen. Foster was put in command of division. The 
 casualties in the regiment were quite frequent. Most 
 were shot through the head, while firing through the 
 loop holes, or openings, made in the trench bank. 
 There were many of these along the line. One man 
 could do the duty of two, or twenty, by moving along 
 and firing through each in succession, thus intimating 
 to the enemy that there were ten or twenty men, when 
 the duty was being performed by one. 
 
 The men of the regiment had all the experience of 
 fire arms they wished while in the trenches before 
 Petersburg. Batteries were stationed at convenient 
 distances along the line, which would open daily, and 
 fairly plough the banks of the rebel works. Near one 
 of these we lost John Crane, a private of Co. " K," and 
 Henry Coons of the same company, and one of the 
 sergeants of Co. " A " was shot by the premature ex- 
 plosion of a shell from one of our own guns. 
 
 During the day the firing would cease often for 
 hours. At such times the soldiers in both pits would 
 end the war, despite the commands of officers. The 
 rebels would rise up as one in their works, extend their 
 arms and move out half way. Our boys would do the 
 same, and for twenty minutes or more a social time of 
 peace would prevail. An exchange of papers, knives, 
 
302 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 tobacco, and opinions, and in one place, near a spring, 
 they actually played a game of cards, at another a 
 wrestle took place ; then, as if by instinct, all would 
 turn to their posts, and soon the old noise would com- 
 mence. Many expedients were indulged in by both 
 armies; holding up caps, handkerchiefs and coats 
 stuffed with grass, to get riddled with bullets. The 
 time of these human beavers became monotonous. 
 The railway from City Point to the Weldon road ran 
 at the rear of our camp. Whenever the train passed, 
 certain batteries from the hill would open. Then the 
 national guns would respond, and the artillery music 
 would echo through the valley between the lines for 
 hours. "When not on duty the regiment would be or- 
 dered on fatigue to some other point along the line, as 
 there could be no resting nor Bleeping in the trenches 
 before Petersburg. The spires of the churches could 
 be seen, and before the shovel had been used that sec- 
 tion of Virginia must have had much the appearance 
 of " Old England." 
 
 A short distance to our left was " Fort Hell," in 
 front of which lay the Second Corps. In the early 
 days of September they jumped into the rebel pits and 
 took one hundred prisoners, at night, which loosened 
 the guns all along the line. At night the 6ight was 
 always sublime. The streaming fire from the throats 
 of the guns, the bursting shell and echoing sounds 
 through the valley, were sights and sounds long to be 
 remembered. There were not more than six officers 
 at this time for duty. Oapt. Leopold Evert was di6- 
 
One Bimdredth JV. Y. 8. Vokmteers. 303 
 
 charged Sept. 2d, and the time of three more would 
 expire in a few days, leaving Lieut. Stowits the senior 
 line officer of the regiment. 
 
304 One Hvmdredih N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 
 WITHDRAWAL OF THE REGIMENT FROM THE TRENCHES OF 
 
 PETERSBURG. A FEW DAYS' REST AT THE REAR, 
 
 PREPARATORY TO ANOTHER MOTE. MOVED ON THE 
 
 EVENING OF THE 28TH SEPT. CROSSED AT DEEP 
 
 BOTTOM. TOOK FORT HARRISON/, SPRING HILL AND 
 
 THE ENTIRE LINE OF THE REBEL WORKS. THE 
 
 WORKS WERE TURNED, AND WE WERE ASSAULTED 
 7TH OCT., AND GAVE THE ENEMY A SEVERE AND 
 
 BLOODY REPULSE. WITHDREW AND CAMPED A FEW 
 
 DAYS AT DEEP BOTTOM. RETURNED TO THE FRONT. 
 
 Col. Dandy had gone to Buffalo, on leave, to look 
 after ways and means to fill up the regiment. We 
 were but the remnants of our former proportions. A 
 month's duty having been performed in the trenches 
 with much exposure and fatigue and not a little sickness, 
 the regiment was withdrawn on the evening of Sep- 
 tember 24th to the rear of the works, preparatory to 
 another move somewhere. 
 
 Returns, requisitions, and issues of clothing, rations, 
 and. the performance of all necessary duties which 
 could not be attended to when in the trenches, all 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 305 
 
 were completed, and in the afternoon of September 
 28th, the Tenth Corps, commanded by Gen. Birney, 
 moved from their temporary encampment and com- 
 menced one of those forced night marches which scat- 
 ter a regiment and brigade, mixing front and rear for 
 miles, till at midnight we crossed the James river to the 
 north side at Deep Bottom,and bivouacked till daylight. 
 
 Grant, thinking that only a few troops were hold- 
 ing the lines on the north bank of the James river, 
 ordered Gen. Butler, with the Tenth and Eighteenth 
 Corps, commanded by Gens. Birney and Ord, with 
 Kautz's cavalry, to attempt, by a sudden movement, 
 to capture Richmond before Lee could send troops to 
 prevent it. Should Lee send troops to the north side 
 for the purpose of resisting Birney and Ord, then 
 Meade on the south side would move on his right 
 flank at Petersburg. So the plan promised success at 
 one side or the other. 
 
 Birney, as stated, crossed at Deep Bottom, and Ord 
 at Aiken's Landing, eight miles above. Both were 
 ready to advance on the morning of the 29th of Sep- 
 tember. Birney was to gain the Newmarket road, 
 and Ord to capture the works near Chapin's Bluff. 
 Ord pushed along the Varina road at dawn, and after 
 a march of three miles, came upon the intrenchments 
 below Chapin's farm, the strongest point of which was 
 Battery Harrison. Ord stormed and carried the work 
 with a long line of intrenchments. It was purchased 
 at a fearful cost. Gen. Burnham was killed, Stan- 
 nard lost an arm, and Ord was severely wounded. 
 
306 One Hwn&redih N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 An assault was ordered at once on Fort Gilmer in 
 advance, but we were repulsed with a loss of three 
 hundred men. In the meantime Birney, at 4£ A. M., 
 moved for the Newmarket road. The rebel line was 
 broken, and their works on Spring Hill, of Newmar- 
 ket Heights, taken by a division of three thousand 
 colored troops of the Eighteenth Corps, under Gen. 
 Charles Paine. Gen. Butler massed them in column 
 by division, and they drove in the Confederate pickets 
 and assailed the redoubt on Spring Hill. Through a 
 tangled marsh, across a brook fringed with trees, over 
 two lines of abatis at the point of the bayonet they 
 won the work. It was a fearful destruction of human 
 life. An important work, it was desperately defended, 
 but the black warriors won it at a terrible price. Two 
 hundred of that storming party fell dead before reach- 
 ing the works, and not less than a thousand, or one- 
 third their number, were lost to the army by death, 
 wounds or captivity. Gen. Butler at the close of the 
 war presented a silver medal to the most meritorious 
 actors for their gallantry on that occasion. "We were at 
 the spot during the burial of the negroes, and we could 
 have walked on their dead bodies from the outer to 
 the inner side of the abatis without touching soil, bo 
 thick were they strewn in that deadly charge. It was 
 firmly, nobly and bravely done. 
 
 The doubling and flanking of the rebel line left the 
 Tenth Corps on the right but little to do. The ene- 
 my fled in all directions. The One Hundredth 
 charged' over the ground that was passed in August, 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 307 
 
 which was familiar, and brought to mind that eventful 
 day when they took the four-gun battery under the 
 eye of Gen. Grant. The regiment moved into their 
 works without the loss of a man. The corps marched 
 within three and a half miles of Richmond. Such was 
 the haste in leaving that ladies left their work and 
 work baskets and fled, on the reeeipt of the news that 
 the " Ycrnks" were coming. The successes right 
 and left were more than most expected, though not as 
 much as desired. At dark we were ordered to the 
 right about and retraced our steps to the first line of 
 the enemy's works, and bivouacked in what had been 
 a corn field, with the stacks strewn about, upon which 
 we lay down for the night. In the morning we moved 
 to the left and took position, October 1st, at the works, 
 and began to turn them with abatis in front, and slash- 
 ing. The axe was heard all along the edge of the 
 wood. The picket line was only a few rods in front, 
 while the rebel forts and line could be distinctly seen 
 a few hundred yards in advance. 
 
 A desperate attempt was made to retake Battery 
 Harrison, but Gens. Hoke and Field were driven 
 back with a loss of seven battle flags and the almost 
 annihilation of Ciingman's North Carolina brigade. 
 
 The weather had become cold and rainy. The men 
 did the best they could without shelter, though their 
 tents were arranged against the work and in all shapes 
 and directions for the six days of rain and cold, waiting 
 for orders. Maj. Nash was still in command, Col. Dandy 
 not having returned. Adjt. Peck and Quartermaster 
 
308 One Ilwndredih JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 Barnum were as active as ever, the one in keeping up 
 the records of the regiment, the other in looking after 
 supplies. 
 
 In the meantime Gen. Kautz had approached on 
 the Charles City road within three and a half miles of 
 Richmond to the inner line of their extended works. 
 "With his small force he was too near. He was at- 
 tacked and driven back with the loss of nine guns and 
 four hundred prisoners. 
 
 The night previous a deserter had informed us that 
 we would be attacked at 4J A. M., and we were in line 
 of battle awaiting the onset. Too true, the enemy 
 were upon us. On came the flying fugitives of Kantz* 
 cavalry. Hatless, stripped of everything that would 
 impede their flight, riderless horses, all came on in 
 one stream of wild confusion. Brigade after brigade 
 was put in motion to the right covering Deep Bot- 
 tom, as it seemed evident the rebels intended to flank 
 us, and thus by a rear movement gain the line of 
 works they lost on the 29th of September. The Third 
 Brigade, Col. Plaisted, to which the One Hundredth 
 was attached, had been marching by the flank along 
 the Newmarket road, when by order, left into line 
 of battle, fronting a thick wood, the brigade was moved 
 with heavy skirmishers covering each regiment. 
 
 This was a critical moment for the men and officers 
 of the One Hundredth Regiment. The terms of en- 
 listment of a large number of men and two-thirds of 
 the officers had expired. It seemed cruel to face death 
 and danger after such eventful years of service. Adjt. 
 
One Hundredth N~. Y. 8. Vokmteers. 309 
 
 Peck, whose time had expired three days before, and 
 who had congratulated himself on his safety from 
 wounds and death, and his prospect of an early return 
 home, said to Lieut. Stowits, "I shall have to send 
 you and company on the skirmish line," to which the 
 Lieutenant responded, " Certainly, do not expose those 
 unnecessarily whose terms of service have expired." 
 Feeling their way cautiously, the skirmishers soon 
 found the enemy. Capt. F. C. Brunck was in com- 
 mand of the regiment, though Maj. D. D. Nash, suffer- 
 ing from a severe swelling on the side of his neck, 
 kept close to our rear during the advance. The 
 skirmishers of the several regiments were soon hotly 
 engaged. The rebels moved forward in double lines 
 of battle, and pressed our skirmish line so steadily 
 that we were obliged to fight falling gradually upon 
 the main line. 
 
 As soon as the reserves were unmasked, volley after 
 volley was poured into their ranks, checking and caus- 
 ing them to break and retreat in wild disorder, leav- 
 ing their dead and many of their wounded in our 
 hands. Some were killed within fifty yards of our 
 line. A rebel captain commanding brigade, as shown 
 by papers on his person, was shot a few rods from our 
 line of battle, so hotly they sought to break our line, 
 and from his body diagonally along our front lay the 
 dead victims of rashness and folly. The skirmish 
 line on the left of the One Hundredth, in falling back, 
 caused for a moment some disorder in our ranks ; but 
 by the prompt action of the Captain commanding, and 
 
310 One Hundredth If. T. S. Vohmteera. 
 
 the officers with him, Capt. Lynch, and Lieuts. 
 Nichols, Cook, Sandrock, Pratt and others, the regi- 
 ment had the proud satisfaction of knowing that they 
 had aided in the repulse of the rebels, and that the 
 splendid colors, in this their first unfurling in battle, 
 was the rallying point about which the men of the 
 One Hundredth stood and added to their honor by 
 their defence. We had regretted that the regiment 
 was obliged to carry such costly and magnificent 
 colors through swamps, thorns and rain, with mud 
 oyer all. Though their beauty had been lessened 
 by exposure, now they had been christened and glori- 
 fied in the smoke of successful battle. It was here 
 that our gallant and loyal Adjutant, E. S. Peck, re- 
 ceived, as it was thought, his mortal wound. He was 
 6hot nearly through the left lung ; though his term of 
 service, as mentioned, had expired, still he fought 
 bravely and did much toward holding the men in line 
 against the fierce onset of the rebels. The Adjutant 
 remarked to a friend, while mutually admiring the 
 colors of the regiment, that they were the finest along 
 the line, and that while a drop of blood remained in 
 his veins he should not leave them. His fate was an 
 answer to the truth of his declaration. 
 
 At nightfall the rebels had retreated toward Rich- 
 mond, as it was fully believed they did not halt till 
 within their breastworks. As the rebels were increas- 
 ing their skirmish line into a line of battle, Lieut. 
 Stowits sent for two companies, and Capt. Brunck 
 quickly ordered Lieut. Nichols forward with the same. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Volunteers. 311 
 
 As they deployed, Lieut. Stowits told Nichols to re- 
 tire to the main line, as his time had expired, and 
 there was no use in additional exposure. The Lieu- 
 tenant was loath to leave. Brave and chivalrous to a 
 fault, he could not be persuaded till a shower of bul- 
 lets threw up the dirt into his neck and cut the twigs 
 of trees about, when he reluctantly withdrew, leav- 
 ing the Lieutenant in command of the skirmish line 
 tiU 10 o'clock P. M. 
 
 The regiment had advanced through the woods and 
 bivouacked in afield over which the rebels had charged 
 that morning. On the following day the brigade fell 
 back to the spot where the enemy received their final 
 check, and commenced to throw up intrenchments, 
 which grew as if by magic. The trees in front began 
 to fall, forts at defensible positions were planned and 
 built, and all things indicated a settlement on that line. 
 
 In a few days, October 9th, the regiment was or- 
 dered to the rear at Deep Bottom. Reached the old 
 camping ground at dark, cold and without shelter. 
 Fires were built, and the men made themselves com- 
 fortable till morn. Camp was laid out, the paymaster 
 arrived, the men were paid, the money expressed home, 
 new recruits came and additional oflicers, and the 
 regiment began to feel that they might have a few 
 weeks of rest, when an order sent us to the front to 
 occupy nearly the same position held a few days be- 
 fore. Bivouacked in the woods and at morn camp was 
 staked, and soon the army village was in successful 
 life and activity. 
 
312 One Hundredth JSf. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 October 13th. The Tenth Connecticut and Twenty- 
 fourth Massachusetts made a reconnoissance out near 
 the Darbytown road, and were repulsed with heavy 
 loss, the Tenth Connecticut losing their adjutant, 
 a worthy, intelligent and brave officer. A few 
 days of rest was now vouched to the wearied and 
 worn Army of the James. Since the wounding of 
 Adjt. Peck, Maj. Nash had detailed Lieut. Fred Sand- 
 rock as acting adjutant. About two hundred recruits 
 arrived that had been secured through the influence 
 of the Board of Trade and Col. Dandy. By some ar- 
 rangement two officers, Lieut. Baker and Lieut. Kit- 
 tle, were introduced into the regiment, which, as such 
 introductions always do, caused feeling among veteran 
 sergeants who had earned promotion by long and dan- 
 gerous service. 
 
 The forts and intrenchments were advancing rapidly 
 towards completion. The Third Brigade was un- 
 changed, save that the Two Hundred and Sixth 
 Pennsylvania one years troops were added, which, be-' 
 ing a full regiment, never having been in battle, in- 
 creased the proportions of the brigade and made its 
 numbers respectable. The arrival of recruits to all 
 the regiments soon gave the appearance on drill, in- 
 spections and parades, the old show of numbers and 
 strength. 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vokmteers. 313 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII. 
 
 THE REGIMENT ORDERED- TO THE FRONT FROM DEEP BOT- 
 TOM. A VISIT FROM G. S. HAZARD, PRESIDENT OF 
 
 THE BOARD OF TRADE, BUFFALO. — • MAJ. NASH HONOR- 
 ABLY DISCHARGED. RETURN OF COL. DANDY. TWO 
 
 HUNDRED RECRUITS ARRIVED. THE FIGHT ON THE 
 
 DARBTTOWN ROAJJ, OCTOBER 27TH. THE TROOPS RE- 
 TIRE BEHIND THEIR WORKS FOR WINTER QUARTERS. 
 
 THE MUSTER OUT OF THE " OLD MEN." THEIR RE- 
 TURN TO BUFFALO. 
 
 On the return of the regiment to the front from 
 Deep Bottom, and before camp was built, and the 
 men were still in bivouack, we were favored with a 
 visit from G. S. Hazard and son. As president of 
 the Board of Trade of Buffalo, Mr. Hazard came to 
 look upon our depleted numbers and survey army life 
 at the front. He and son were " tacked wp " as com- 
 fortably as the conveniences of the soldier would war- 
 rant, and on the following morning the regiment was 
 ordered out under Maj. Nash, and at parade-rest listened 
 to a few timely and pertinent words of commendation 
 and encouragement from Mr. Hazard. The scene in 
 
 the wood was a grand one, which the soldier ever re- 
 14 
 
314 One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 members. The civilian, the soldier ; the latter standing 
 between the assassins of liberty and the security of the 
 citizen. With an ambulance provided at headquarters, 
 Mr. Hazard had a favorable opportunity of visiting the 
 works along the line, and the various commands before 
 them. His appearance was cheering to the spirits of 
 the men, as was ever the presence of any one from the 
 scenes of home and its locality. Col. Dandy and Mr. 
 Hazard had missed each other, and hence did not 
 meet at the regiment. Maj. D. D. Nash, having 
 served over three years, was honorably discharged, hav- 
 ing served the country faithfully and bravely^ with 
 the marks of shot upon arm and limb, as evidences of 
 severely fought battles. 
 
 Col. Dandy arrived from his leave of absence, and 
 took command of the regiment. Col. H. M. Plaisted, 
 commanding brigade, detailed Lieut. G. H. Stowits 
 as acting assistant adjutant general of the brigade. 
 Col. Dandy protested, and not without reason, as the 
 number of officers in the regiment was few. The 
 Lieutenant had no choice^ as Col. Plaisted insisted, 
 and, October 26th, the Lieutenant changed his quarters 
 to the headquarters of the brigade. A few days pre- 
 vious the regiment had an election as provided for the 
 army. The affair passed off quietly, and savored 
 much of the appearance of civil life. The vote> if we 
 remember correctly, was democratic by a small ma- 
 jority. 
 
 The short pause was not a settled rest preparatory 
 for winter quarters. Grant had determined to make 
 
One Swndredth M. Y. S. Vohmteers. 315 
 
 another effort to flank the rehel army, capture, or dis- 
 perse it, and seize Petersburg and Richmond. The 
 Ninth, Fifth and Second Corps, with Gregg's cavalry, 
 were to swing around to the west side of Hatcher's 
 Run, cross the Boydton road, and seize the south-6ide 
 railway. The movement began on both sides of the 
 James river, as Gen. Butler with the Tenth and 
 Eighteenth Corps was to cooperate, before daybreak 
 on the morning of the 27th of October. 
 
 After repeated successes and repulses the troops en- 
 gaged on the left withdrew behind the intrenchments 
 at Petersburg. Butler had pushed well out to the 
 right, and the attack was simultaneous all along the 
 line on the north side of the James. Men killed that 
 morning and during the day were not buried till the 
 following spring, when the army entered Richmond. 
 The movement on the right was intended as a feint, 
 and as an individual we used to think that they 
 were a costly indulgence. We had moved out so fre- 
 quently on armed reconnoissances that the boys would 
 simply say, " Now for a little more butchery, a little 
 more slaughter." 
 
 The One Hundredth and the remainder of the 
 Third Brigade moved out before light, and quietly 
 took its position before the intrenchments of the 
 enemy. Gen. Ames was in command of division, 
 and Col. Plaisted of brigade. The skirmish line of 
 the Third Brigade was commanded by Col. Greeley, 
 of the Tenth Connecticut. They had approached as 
 near the rebel works as was consistent with secu- 
 
316 One Bundredth N. Y. S. Yohmteers. 
 
 rity and observation. Each division general along 
 the line would have been delighted to have found a 
 weak place on their front, and earned a star by a suc- 
 cessful assault. But no, all that could be done would 
 be to add to 'hospital numbers with hundreds of 
 wounded. There was firing right and left. A few 
 determined assaults were made, but of no permanent 
 results. Gen. Ames conceived that the skirmish line 
 in front of the Third Brigade should be moved farther 
 to the front. He ordered Col. Plaisted, commanding 
 brigade, to cause the line to be advanced nearer the 
 enemy's works. The Colonel ordered Lieut. Stowits, of 
 his staff, to move the line. The Lieutenant said to 
 the orderly, " Bring up the stretcher, as I shall be either 
 killed or wounded, for that line can't be moved." It 
 never was. The brigade lay in the edge of the wood, 
 and the skirmish line was under cover, and as far front 
 as could be without annihilation. Sharpshooters were 
 marking every man exposed. The Lieutenant started, 
 keeping an irregular line, but was shot before he 
 reached two thirds of the distance, as he predicted. 
 A daring soldier of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts 
 ventured to bring him off the field under a heavy fire 
 from rebel sharpshooters. He had been on the bri- 
 gade staff for eighteen hours. The brigade did ad- 
 vance during the day, and planted their colors in the 
 open field, and retired under cover of the woods till 
 ordered to withdraw. There were six adjutant gen- 
 erals shot that morning in trying to give orders to ad- 
 vance the skirmish line. 
 
GEORGE G. BARNUM. 
 I?. 1 Lieut.A.a. m. and B revet Gajjlain lOO.Re£t NYS.Vols. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. 8. Volunteers. 317 
 
 Not many stars were won that day by colonels in 
 command of brigades, or generals in command of di- 
 visions. It was a day of death and wounds from right 
 to left. The field hospital, in charge of Snrgeon Kit- 
 tenger, whose skill as a surgeon had been acknowl- 
 edged, was crowded with sufferers, lying on boards on 
 the ground; while Clara Barton, that noble, self-deny- 
 ing woman, passed along with her attendants, supplied 
 with what refreshments the wounded soldier craved, 
 weak with loss of blood and stiff with exposure. In 
 the morning the lumberings ambnlances began to 
 transport us to steamer at Deep Bottom for Fortress 
 Monroe, where some of us lived and others died. 
 
 The name of Clara Barton is written in the memory 
 of every suffering soldier that ever felt the weight 
 of her finger's touch on his anguished brow, or took 
 from her hands the life-giving draught. Her presence, 
 power and will has calmed many a terror-stricken 
 soul, and quieted the heart's flutterings. On Morris 
 island, before Richmond and Petersburg, wherever the 
 battle raged, there was the heroic woman with her 
 tent and attendants, inspiring surgeons with her power 
 and breathing resolution into all hearts. She has her 
 reward. The wounded that saw her will never fail 
 to bless her. 
 
 Hospital life is, of all experiences, the most sad and 
 monotonous that can befall the active spirit of a sol- 
 dier. 
 
 Under cover of night the Army of the James fell 
 back behind their intrenchments and prepared for 
 
318 One HvmMredih N. Y. S. Vohmteera. 
 
 ■winter quarters. Active operations for the fall and 
 winter were at an end. The great work of prepara- 
 tion for the coming spring was at once commenced. 
 More comfortable quarters were built for men and 
 officers. Eecruits were arriving for many of the regi- 
 ments, and hence drilling and other needed instruc- 
 tion for the soldier was given. The Tenth Connecti- 
 cut Volunteers were detached to guard the fort on 
 Spring Hill. The Twenty-fourth Massachusetts were 
 sent on detached service at Bermuda Hundred, leav- 
 ing the One Hundredth New York, the Eleventh 
 Maine, and the Two Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania 
 regiments, encamped closely together and next the in- 
 trenchments. The One Hundredth lay a little to the 
 right of the spot where the rebels were repulsed on the 
 morning of the 7th of October. The works extended 
 in a curve, with the right resting on Four Mile creek, 
 and the left on the James, near Battery Harrison ; 
 then across the James on the Bermuda front to the 
 Appomattox, across the Appomattox in front of Peters- 
 burg to Hatcher's Pun, across the Weldon railroad. 
 The rear of this long line was alive with human beings 
 being cultured for the bloody work of the opening 
 spring. Among the recruits " bounty jumpers " were 
 numerous. Brokers in human flesh were in a lucra- 
 tive business. To enlist, desert to the rebels, change 
 the blue for gray, and return as a rebel deserter, take 
 the oath of allegiance, go North, re-enlist, and repeat 
 the same experiment with its risks and profits, were 
 daily occurrances. Not all succeeded. Some were 
 
One Himdredth If. Y. S. Volvmteers. 319 
 
 shot from the " dead line." Executions from one to 
 five weekly. 
 
 December 9th. James H. Dandy, a brother of the 
 Colonel, who had been on detached service most of the 
 time since his connection with the regiment, was com- 
 missioned major, and arrived in camp. He was a 
 gentleman of culture, and much respected by officers 
 and men. Lieut. Sandrock was relieved as acting 
 adjutant, and detailed as aid to Col. Plaisted, com- 
 manding brigade, as Lieut. Stowits was in hospital at 
 •Fortress Monroe. Lieut. Cook was ordered to service 
 as acting adjutant, in place of Sandrock. Picketing, 
 drilling and cleaning camp, guns and accoutrements, 
 kept the men busily engaged. Now that active oper- 
 ations had ceased for the winter, time and attention 
 was given to the " old men " of the regiment, whose 
 terms of service had expired weeks before. The ne- 
 cessary muster-out rolls were prepared, and after many 
 delays, and a' short time of encampment at brigade 
 headquarters, the men, in charge of Capt. F. C. Brunck, 
 were sent to Jamestown island, on the James river, 
 from whence they were soon furnished transportation 
 to Buffalo. They numbered one hundred and seventy- 
 four men, including Capt. F. C. Brunck, Lieut. Gilbert 
 Gaum, Lieut. Fred Sandrock and Surg. M. S. Kitten- 
 ger. They were the veterans of the regiment, and 
 had earned the title on many a hard fought battle 
 field. 
 
320 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XLIY. 
 
 COL. PLAISTED ISSUED AN ADDRESS TO THE THIRD BRIGADE. 
 
 COL. DANDY IN COMMAND OF BRIGADE, CAPT. BRUNCK. 
 
 OF REGIMENT. THE "OLD MEN" OF THE REGIMENT 
 
 MUSTERED OUT. THEIR RECEPTION BY THE BOARD 
 
 OF TRADE. THE ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT, G. &. 
 
 HAZARD. — THE PROMOTIONS IN THE REGIMENT. — AR- 
 RIVAL OF RECRUITS. — EXECUTIONS OF DESERTERS. — 
 
 OCCUPATION OF TROOPS IN "WINTER QUARTERS. GEN. 
 
 BUTLER RELIEVED. GEN. ORD IN COMMAND. REBEL 
 
 DESERTERS. 
 
 Subsequent to the advance of October 27th, Col. H. 
 M. Plaisted, commanding brigade, issued an address 
 under the head of General Orders No. 30, to the 
 troops of the Third Brigade, Nov. 1st, 1864, previous 
 to a leave of absence. It was worthy of the man and 
 soldier, and due the brigade. In it he said : " Your 
 name and fame are familiar as household words in the 
 camps of the Tenth Army Corps, and among your fel- 
 low citizens at home. Tour iron will and firmness 
 have won for yourselves the proud title of the " Iron 
 Clads." Since this campaign opened you have par- 
 ticipated in more than twenty actions, besides skir- 
 
One Hundredth If. Y. S. Volunteers. 321 
 
 mishes without number. That coward cry, " We are 
 flanked," has never been heard in your ranks. When 
 other troops have given away on your right or left, 
 you have shown to the enemy, that you had no flanks 
 and no rear, — that the Third Brigade was all front, 
 and that of steel. How well that front has been main- 
 tained in this campaign, the long list of casualties — 
 one thousand three hundred and eighty-five out of two 
 thousand six hundred and ninety-three — sadly, but 
 gloriously attest." The Colonel commanding added 
 other admirable words, all of which were deeply and 
 sensibly appreciated by every man and officer of the 
 brigade. 
 
 Col. Plaisted left for home, on a leave of absence, 
 and Col. Dandy, the ranking officer, assumed com- 
 mand of the brigade, and Capt. Brunck was in com- 
 mand of the regiment. Preparations were perfecting 
 for the discharge of the " old men," as previously 
 stated ; and on the return of Col. Plaisted, and the re- 
 turn of Col. Dandy to the regiment, the men were sent 
 home. The manner in which they were received at 
 home was severely criticised, and Buffalo not credited 
 with that loyal remembrance of the services of her 
 heroes which was justly their due. 
 
 Subsequently this imputation, whether just or not, 
 
 was amply atoned in the magnificent manner in which 
 
 the Buffalo Board of Trade, at their rooms, formally 
 
 received the remnant of the regiment that left this 
 
 city, March 7th, 1862, nine hundred and sixty strong. 
 
 A number of aldermen were present, the rooms were 
 14* 
 
322 One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 handsomely decorated with flags of the One Hundredth 
 and One Hundred and Sixteenth regiments. A colla- 
 tion table extended the length of the room, loaded 
 with what spoke eloquently of the liberality of the 
 Board of Trade. The meeting was called to order by 
 G. S. Hazard, president of the Board of Trade, who 
 at once proceeded to welcome the members of the One 
 Hundredth in an address replete with the historical 
 facts made by the service of the regiment, the char- 
 acter of the struggles in which, as soldiers, they had 
 been engaged, recounting their valiant deeds, and the 
 names of the battle-fields, not forgetting the sufferers 
 in southern prisons, nor those who " sleep their last 
 sleep " where " they fought their last battle." With 
 earnest wishes and congratulations of cheer for their 
 safe return, and fitting words for their future welfare, 
 Mr. Hazard closed his feeling and eloquent speech, 
 following which three cheers were given for the " old 
 flag," three for the regiment, and three for the Board 
 of Trade. The president was requested to read the 
 address of Col. Plaisted, the brigade commander, of 
 which we have spoken, whereupon three lusty cheers 
 were given for the loyal Plaisted, the brigade com- 
 mander. The inner man was refreshed, and what 
 seemed a neglect on the arrival of this noble band of 
 the original One Hundredth, was fully amended, and 
 all hearts and voices joined in singing the " Star 
 Spangled Banner," closing with three cheers, heartily 
 given, for G. S. Hazard, the president of the Board 
 of Trade. 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 323 
 
 Save the re-enlisted veterans, some fifty in. number, 
 the One Hundredth Regiment in the field before Rich- 
 mond was a new regiment, whose elements were the 
 additions through the efforts of the Board of Trade, 
 consisting of volunteers, drafted and substitute men, 
 numbering in all from the first an aggregate of two full 
 minimum regiments. Not an officer that left Buffalo 
 March 7th, 1862, was at this date with the regiment. 
 Privates and non-commissioned officers of the re- 
 enlisted men had become officers, and the recruits 
 were indebted to those veterans for drill and military 
 knowledge. To meet the need of officers, Sergs. 
 Charles Sheldon, Samuel Ely and Henry Heimans 
 were commissioned second lieutenants; and Sergs. 
 Mansfield, Cornell, Jonathan E. Head and Albert 
 York, first lieutenants ; and Second Lieut. Edward L. 
 Cook first lieutenant; First Lieuts. G-. H. Stowits, 
 Edwin Nichols and Cornelius K. Baker were commis- 
 sioned captains, and George G. Barnum first lieuten- 
 ant and quartermaster. Capt. James H. Dandy, who 
 was absent on detached service, was commissioned 
 major, vice D. D. Nash discharged, December 9th, 
 1864, and had joined the regiment. Capt. Geo. 
 H. Stowits, who had been absent at Fortress Monroe 
 in hospital since his wounding, October 27th, on the 
 Darbytown road, returned to the front, December 
 15th, and at once resumed his duties as acting assist- 
 ant adjutant general of the brigade, Col. Plaisted 
 commanding. 
 
 The army was now fairly settled in winter quar- 
 
324 One IPimdredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 ters. The camps assumed a home-like aspect. Some 
 were built of logs with apartments in capacity to 
 hold a whole company, others to accommodate from 
 three to five occupants. Kecruits were arriving daily. 
 There were a large number of " bounty jumpers" among 
 them. Some hardly knew the last name they had as- 
 sumed. That is, they were not certain which of the 
 names they had borne was on the roll in the hands of 
 the officer. From this class desertions were frequent. 
 There were from one to five executed weekly, a sad 
 necessity of military rule, and before spring we doubted 
 the saving or salutary influence of fear which the exe- 
 cutions intended to subserve. There were many af- 
 fecting incidents in connection with the details of 
 these melancholy occasions. The detail of the firing 
 party, the selection of regiments for guards, the es- 
 cort, the victim, or victims, seated on their coffins; the 
 slow tread to the dead march ; the last duties, and the 
 fatal word fire ; all these formulas were oppressively 
 solemn. But desertions continued till the day of 
 movement on the 27th of March. The details for 
 picket were from one hundred and fifty to one hun- 
 dred men daily, from the brigade of four regiments. 
 It became necessary to keep a certain number of vet- 
 erans beyond the main line, who were marched out 
 by a different route and in advance, concealed with 
 orders to shoot any man attempting to desert. This 
 was called the "dead line." A few were shot in 
 this manner. 
 
 The most of January, February and March was 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Volunteers. 325 
 
 Bpent in drilling the recruits, inspecting camps, regi- 
 ments singly, and often the entire brigade. The 
 quartermasters were vigilant in supplying the troops 
 with clothing, and the commissary with good and palat- 
 able rations. The weekly inspections of regiments were 
 established by order, and that one which showed best 
 in arms, accoutrements and the packing of knapsacks, 
 was denominated "best in order /" and this honor 
 was successfully earned in turn by each regiment of 
 the brigade. In connection with this, the " best man 
 in order " was sent to headquarters from each regi- 
 ment, and from the four thus sent, the " best im order " 
 received a furlough for twenty days. 
 
 In consequence of the illness of Col. Plaisted, the 
 brigade commander, Col. Dandy took command, Feb- 
 ruary 2d, 1865, and Capt. John McMann, the senior 
 officer, was in command of the regiment. Edward 
 Pratt was commissioned captain, January 26th, and 
 Edward L. Cook, captain, January 20th. Maj. Gen. 
 Butler had been relieved of the command of the de- 
 partment, and was succeeded by Gen. Ord. The fare- 
 well words of Gen. Butler were characteristic of the 
 man, sharp and pointed, and full of praise and admir- 
 ation of the brave men composing the Army of the 
 James. The weather during the winter was various. 
 Snow, ice, rain and pleasant weather came in turn, 
 and with variety of effect. Desertions from both 
 armies were frequent during the winter. Toward 
 spring Gen. Grant offered payment for guns and 
 equipments, and the rebels came in fully equipped. 
 
326 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 ROUTINE OF CAMP DUTIES BEFORE RICHMOND. PROMO- 
 TIONS DURING THE "WINTER. GRANT'S MOVEMENT 
 
 ON THE LEFT. SHERIDAN'S GRAND CAVAXRY RAID. 
 
 BRIGADE, DIVSION AND CORPS REVIEWS, ATTENDED 
 
 BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN, SECRETARY STANTON, GRANT 
 
 AND MANY LADIES. THE FINE APPEARANCE OF THE 
 
 ARMY AT THIS DATE. MOVED MARCH 27TH FOR THE 
 
 SOUTH SIDE OF THE JAMES AT HATCHER'S RUN. AD- 
 VANCED UPON THE ENEMY'S WORKS. 
 
 During winter quarters in front of Richmond, aside 
 from the necessary details for picket, details for fatigue 
 were daily and regular, for chopping wood, building 
 corduroy roads, and other duties required at various 
 headquarters. At times the mud was so deep that 
 transportation was impossible, making road building 
 a necessity. 
 
 "We should have mentioned, that after the discharge 
 and promotion to the office of surgeon of William 
 D. Murray, E. Schofield was commissioned assistant 
 surgeon, June 30th, 1865, and joined the regiment at 
 Deep Bottom. Subsequently, on the muster out of 
 
One Hundredth, JST. T. S. Volunteers. 327 
 
 M. S. Kittenger, Norris M. Carter was commissioned 
 surgeon, March 15th, 1865. In January other promo- 
 tions not stated were made. Lieut. H. W. Conry as 
 captain, and Second Lieut. Samuel Ely as first lieuten- 
 ant. Early in January Capt. Nichols, who had served 
 the full time and had never been on leave, went North, 
 and returned at the expiration of time for duty. En- 
 listed men were coming and going daily. January 
 27th, several from the One Hundredth went their way 
 rejoicing for Buffalo. The monotony of January was 
 occasionally broken. The fall of Fort Fisher, the de- 
 struction of the rebel rams in the James, were facts 
 for cheer and congratulation. 
 
 Aside from frequent alarms at the front on the 
 picket line, Gen. Grant made an advance on the left, 
 led by "Warren, for the seizure of the south-side rail- 
 way. This movement was fiercely opposed by the 
 rebels, and for a time defeat seemed to hover over the 
 national troops. Finally our men were rallied, and 
 the extension of the line to Hatcher's Run was the 
 fruit of a severe loss, though of permanent advantage 
 for future operations. 
 
 As preparatory to a general move, Gen. Sheridan 
 was ordered on a grand cavalry raid upon Lee's com- 
 munications, arid if possible seize Lynchburg, moving 
 southward, if necessary, and join gherman. Sheridan 
 swept out of existence the rebel power north of Rich- 
 mond. He disabled two hundred miles of railway 
 and inflicted a loss of several millions of dollars. 
 
 The routine of February was disturbed by the intel- 
 
328 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 ligence of the fall of Charleston and Columbia. Sher- 
 man's legions were still on the war path. Col. Plaisted, 
 the brigade commander, had been sick most of the 
 month of February, and Col. Dandy was in command. 
 Capt. John McMann was in command of the One 
 Hundredth. Col. Plaisted went home to Maine on a 
 leave for twenty days. In the meantime he was bre- 
 veted brigadier general. Inspections and reviews 
 were the chief duties of March till a move was or- 
 dered. 
 
 March 7th. The division commanded by Gen. E. 
 S. Foster was reviewed, and visiting generals present 
 pronounced it the best they ever saw. G-en. Foster 
 was a model of an appearing officer. He attracted 
 universal attention by his faultless military bearing ; 
 and he was as brave in battle as he was imposing in 
 appearance on review. 
 
 We have spoken of the repeated executions of de- 
 serters. We find in our diary the following, to us, at 
 this date, a rather light expression for the performance 
 of a solemn duty : " The execution of a deserter from 
 the Tenth Connecticut Volunteers, to-day, passed off 
 successfully." These were sad duties for an acting assist- 
 ant adjutant general to perform. The success referred 
 to is, that the firing party were not required to fire the 
 second time, which was frequently done. 
 
 Gen. Grant and staff reviewed the First Division, 
 commanded by Foster, March 12th. There were a 
 number of ladies present. Col. Plaisted returned 
 Thursday, March 16th, and assumed command of bri- 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmteers. 329 
 
 gade the 18th. Held it till the 25th, and then was 
 mustered out, after which the command devolved upon 
 Col. Dandy ; and Capt. Edwin Nichols, who had com- 
 manded the One Hundredth after the discharge of 
 Capt. J. McMann, March 7th, again found himself 
 in command of the regiment, which he retained till 
 Maj. James H. Dandy assumed command, Monday, 
 March 27th, as the regiment and brigade stood stripped 
 for a move. 
 
 March 17th. A corps review was had by Gen. 
 Grant, Secretary Stanton and a crowd of officers and 
 civilians. The paymaster had arrived and commenced 
 to pay the brigade. The paymaster paid all but the 
 Tenth Connecticut before the brigade moved. 
 
 March 20th. Lieut. Ely went to Buffalo on leave. 
 
 March 24th. The Second Division was ordered to 
 move. The Third Brigade was deployed to the left 
 to cover the front recently held by the Second Divi- 
 sion. Col. Hill, of the Eleventh Maine, went out on 
 the rebeT picket line as a scout to watch the move- 
 ments of the enemy. He had lost an arm at Deep 
 Bottom, August 14th, and was one of the bravest and 
 most social officers that was to be found in the army. 
 He had good strong common sense. 
 
 March 26th. The division was reviewed by Grant 
 and President Lincoln, attended by a large number 
 of ladies in carriages. The army at this date was in 
 holiday attire. No parades or reviews in civil times 
 could compare, in perfectness of movements, to those 
 attained by the soldier at that period of the war. 
 
330 One BtmdredtA N. Y. 8. Vohmte&rs. 
 
 Good new clothing, burnished arms, and well filled 
 and neatly packed knapsacks ; these, with the precis- 
 ion of step and accurate execution of all the movements 
 requisite to a perfect review, made the occasion one of 
 pleasure, wonder and surprise to all unacquainted with 
 the duties and life of a soldier. 
 
 The tents were struck and the brigade moved at 6£ 
 P. M., March 27th. Marched all night, crossed the 
 James at Deep Bottom, the Appomattox at Point of 
 Rocks, and passed in the rear of the Petersburg lines, 
 halting at 8 A. M. for rest and lunch, then advanced 
 and reached the place of bivouack at dark. Up at 
 1 o'clock, moved at 4 A. M. and took position along 
 the front lately occupied by the Second Corps. Re- 
 lieved the pickets and began to look for quarters. 
 The weather was very warm. The men not used to 
 marching suffered much. Grant was about to close 
 his hand upon the power of the Southern Confederacy. 
 His dispositions were made and his troops were taking 
 positions for the final blow. Gen. Weitzel was in 
 command on the north side of the James river, and 
 Gen. Parke, with the Ninth Corps, on the south side, 
 holding a line of intrenchments of thirty-five miles. 
 The Second and Fifth Corps had swung clear of the 
 works and were beyond Hatcher's Pun, supported by 
 Sheridan's cavalry, just arrived from the north side of 
 the James and the great raid of the war. The battle 
 of Five Forks was begun, and before night, April 1st, 
 the shouts of victory were heard all along the lines. 
 
 In a drenching rain, on the afternoon of March 30th, 
 
One Hwndredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 331 
 
 the First Division, commanded by Gen. Foster, was or- 
 dered out of the works, and the struggle of forcing in 
 the rebel outposts was commenced. Slowly their 
 picket line was pressed back. The ground in front 
 of the Third Brigade was new, and few knew the po- 
 sition of the picket line. Col. Hill, of the Eleventh 
 Maine, was in command of the pickets. Lieut. Bell, 
 of Col. Dandy's staff, was sent with orders to Col. 
 Hill and rode straight into the rebel lines with his or- 
 derly, and both were captured. Capt. Stowits followed, 
 and was saved by the warning of a post of pickets, while 
 his horse was floundering in the swamp. The woods 
 echoed with the sounds of whizzing bullets. Night, 
 dark, wet and dreary closed upon the advance, while 
 the men were set to work intrenqhing before snatch- 
 ing a few hours sleep. In the movement the One 
 Hundredth Regiment had the right of the brigade 
 composed of the Tenth Connecticut, Eleventh Maine 
 and One Hundredth New York"; the Two Hundred 
 and Sixth Pennsylvania one year men having been 
 left on the north side of the James. As the brigade 
 penetrated the woods in front of the rebel works, a 
 swamp separated the One Hundredth New York from 
 the remainder of the brigade, and darkness closed upon 
 further operations. Col. Dandy ordered Capt. Stowits 
 to make the connection, that the brigade might form 
 a solid front. This, in the darkness, at a late hour, 
 was a difficult' matter. On strange ground, with a 
 swampy surface, with the lights of both armies in view, 
 the Captain, in his efforts to pass the swamp, became 
 
332 One Rwn&re&bh N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 
 
 bewildered, and, lest he might share the fate of Lieut. 
 Bell, dismounted and waited the appearance of friendly 
 stars to guide to safety. After midnight the connec- 
 tion was made, and the military family of the Third 
 Brigade was one, behind temporary works of trees, 
 brush and dirt, awaiting the action of morn. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 333 
 
 CHAPTER XLYI. 
 
 THE STEADY ADVANCE UPON THE ENEMY'S WORKS. — THE 
 
 REBELS ASSAULT ON THE MORNING OF APRIL 1ST, 
 
 THEY ARE SUCCESSFULLY REPULSED. REGIMENT CON- 
 TINUES TO INTRENCH. THE ADVANCE APRIL 2d, AND 
 
 STORMING OF FORT GRIGG IN THE REAR OF PETERS- 
 BURG. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGIMENT MARCH 30TH. 
 
 The night of March 30th was, in many respects, a 
 dreary one. The men were wet and forced to labor 
 constantly without rest, in throwing up works for pro- 
 tection. In the morning the fight was shaprly com- 
 menced by the pickets, and soon the main line was 
 ordered out in support, when the music of bullets in 
 successive volleys gave proof that the rebels were 
 disputing our advance with stubborn tenacity. From 
 the character of the new men received through the 
 winter, and that they had never been in a fight, a 
 strong guard was kept in the rear of the main line, 
 with strict orders to shoot all stragglers. Capt. Brown, 
 acting adjutant of the Tenth Connecticut, in passing 
 to the rear to perfect his returns to be made to Capt. 
 Stowits as assistant adjutant general of the brigade, 
 
334 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 drew his pistol and threatened to fire upon a corporal 
 of the guard, when he was shot and instantly killed, a 
 sad fate to a brave, though rash and impetuous offi- 
 cer. 
 
 Steadily Gen. Foster's division forced the rebels to- 
 ward their main works. There was sharpshooting and 
 a number of casualties during the day. We had at- 
 tained the edge of a wood overlooking -the open space 
 between us and the rebels. To hold the position, trees 
 were felled and breastworks were soon rising in front 
 of the exposed brigade. The front of the One Hun- 
 dredth New York was undefended. Capt. Edwin 
 Nichols was brigade officer of the day, and Capt. 
 Edward L. Cook was in charge of the pickets of the 
 One Hundredth. Troops rested. The air seemed full 
 of danger and battle. The Eleventh Maine and Tenth 
 Connecticut lay on the left, behind, or a little to the 
 rear of the works. The One Hundredth on the right, 
 without defence, save the picket line. It was near 
 3 A. M., April 1st. Col. Dandy lay at the foot of a 
 large tree, Capt. Stowits stood near, and remarked to 
 the Colonel that he feared an assault. The Colonel 
 responded to the sentiment, and ordered the bri- 
 gade in line of battle. The men had just rested 
 from work. Many slept. They grumbled loudly 
 when called. Before the brigade stood fairly up, on 
 came the " Johnnies," with that yell characteristic. 
 Capt. Stowits ordered Maj. Baldwin, of the Eleventh 
 Maine, to move by the flank up to the work, while the 
 Tenth Connecticut and One Hundredth New York 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. S. Vohmteera. 335 
 
 simply faced and moved right forward. As the 
 Eleventh Maine reached the work, the rebels were 
 pouring over, firing a volley, wounding Maj. Baldwin 
 through the shoulder. Said he, " Capt. Stowits, this 
 is too bad, so early in the fight." The Major had just 
 returned from hospital, having been badly wounded 
 at Deep Bottom the August before. But he had 
 hardly fallen ere one steady volley from those veteran 
 regiments checked the leaders in the assault, and 
 piled their dead a few feet from the outside of the 
 work, while those who clambered over were made 
 prisoners, and earnestly besought that they might be 
 directed to the rear, out of danger of the bullets of 
 their friendB. It was a timely repulse. Had the 
 troops been allowed twelve or fifteen minutes repose 
 longer, a large number would have slept the sleep 
 that knows no waking. 
 
 Fortunately for the One Hundredth the assault was 
 on the front protected by works, while their front was 
 exposed and might have suffered loss, had not the cool 
 presence of mind of Capt. Cook, in charge of the 
 pickets, turned apparent disaster into a glorious suc- 
 cess. During the day we had driven the rebels from 
 their pits nearer their main line. The Captain, with 
 shovels, had turned these pits, and used them in re- 
 verse for the safety of his pickets. When the rebels 
 came boldly on, the Captain waited their near ap- 
 proach, when he gave the order for a well directed 
 fire, which obliqued their advance, and sent them in 
 a body against the works in front of the remainder of 
 
336 One Hundredth N. T. 8. Vokmteers. 
 
 the brigade, where many quickly found rest in death 
 and as prisoners. Capt. Cook was breveted major for 
 his gallantry at the close of the war, and the honor 
 was well merited, and caused joy to the command. 
 Capt. Mchols, as brigade officer, was on the line, and 
 the rebels took him prisoner, stripped him of pistol, 
 sword and rubber blanket, and had marched him half 
 way to their works, when the Captain turned and fled. 
 Two fired at him in the darkness and missed, while 
 the Captain came into the ranks of the One Hundredth 
 greeted with cheers at his deliverance. The Captain 
 denominated the act on the part of the enemy as " a 
 nice April fool." It might have been a sad morning 
 to the Third Brigade, but as it turned, it was a grand 
 check of the advancing rebels. 
 
 The Union hosts were slowly closing in on the de- 
 fenders of the " lost cause." Sheridan and Warren, in 
 the early morning of April 1st, began the disposition 
 of the forces for the battle of Five Forks. Humphrey 
 at the extreme left of Hatcher's Run, and Ord, 
 "Wright and Park with their corps, respectively, were 
 waiting the last order, to leap into the works of the 
 rebels. They had failed in the permanent capture of 
 Fort Steadman, on the Petersburg front, and had re- 
 tired sullenly and disheartened. The close of the day 
 announced the complete triumph of Sheridan and 
 "Warren at Five Forks. The shouts of victory had 
 hardly died away in the evening, when, by Grant's 
 order, the Union guns, in position before Petersburg, 
 were opened on the Confederate lines, from right to 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 337 
 
 left, from Appomattox to Hatcher's Run. All night 
 the detonating thunders of artillery continued. At 
 day-break the assault began. Wright with the Sixth 
 Corps, supported by two divisions of Ord's command, 
 assaulted the works at the same time that Parke, with 
 the Ninth Corps, had carried the outer line on his front, 
 though checked by the inner. . Wright and Ord drove 
 everything before them to the Boydton plank road, and 
 captured several thousand men and many guns. Hum- 
 phrey advanced westward from Hatcher's Run, holding 
 the Union left, stormed and captured a redoubt on his 
 front, moved up and took position on the left of the 
 Sixth Corps. -Sheridan struck the south-side railway 
 in three points, and this important line of Lee's com- 
 munication was cut, and a triumph achieved. 
 
 After the check of the rebels on the front of the Third 
 Brigade, on the morning of the 1st April, the command 
 continued to intrench and make strong their position. 
 Sharpshooters were busy during the day. The bom- 
 bardment during the night indicated to the "men^the 
 work for Sunday, that pf shortening the rebel line by 
 doubling it with a successful assault. As stated, Ord 
 ordered Foster to move, and on we went, going over 
 and into the enemy's works without much opposition 
 at that point, as the line had been broken at the right, 
 which had communicated defeat to the left. Within 
 the line of the rebel works the One Hundredth New 
 York, of the Third Brigade, First Division, Twenty- 
 fourth Corps, contributed to the strength of numbers 
 
 which added fear to certainty in the hearts of the 
 15 
 
338 One Hundredth JST. Y. S. Vohmteers. 
 
 rebels, that their fate was sealed and their last hour 
 had come. 
 
 It was a grand sight to see the moving thousands of 
 the Union army as they enveloped with a cloud of 
 blue the rear works of Petersburg, and prepared to as- 
 sault Forts Grigg and Alexander. This desperate duty 
 was assigned to the First Division, of which the Third 
 Brigade and One Hundredth Regiment formed a part. 
 Fort Grigg, the center fort, was a work with a ditch 
 in front and a stockade in rear, and was manned by 
 two hundred and fifty Mississippians, who had sworn 
 not to surrender ; and so gallantly did they fight, that 
 when it surrendered only thirty effective men were 
 left. 
 
 The charge on Fort Grigg was the last battle fought 
 by the One Hundredth Regiment, and its record on 
 that terrible occasion is enough to have earned for it 
 all the honor and glory that can attach itself to any 
 body of men in the accomplishing of so sanguinary a 
 work, and crowning the deed with glorious victory. 
 
 The promotions of March 30th, 1865, were : Joseph 
 Pratt to be second lieutenant; John S. Manning, 
 Charles H. Waite, John Gordon, to be first lieutenants ; 
 and Patrick Connelly, and Jonathan E. Head, to be 
 captains, all of whom were in active service in the 
 regiment. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers, 339 
 
 CHAPTER XLYII. 
 
 THE ASSAULT OF FORT GRIGG IN THE REAR OF PETERS- 
 BURG.^ — THE WORK ASSIGNED TO THE FIRST DIVISION, 
 
 TWENTT-FOURH ARMY CORPS. THE LOSS OF MAJ. 
 
 DANDY OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH NEW YORK. THE 
 
 FORT TAKEN, AND GARRISON NEARLY ALL KILLED 
 AND WOUNDED. THE PURSUIT OF GEN. LEE. ARRI- 
 VAL AT BURKESVILLE. PASS THROUGH FARMVILLE, 
 
 ASD REACH THE REBEL ARMY AT APPOMATTOX.— FIGHT- 
 ING THE LAST BATTLE. SURRENDER OF LEE.'s ARMY. 
 
 ITS PAROLE. NEWS OF THE PRESIDENT'S ASSASSI- 
 NATION. RETURN MARCH. ENTERING RICHMOND. 
 
 To the First Division, as intimated, was assigned 
 the bloody work of assaulting Fort Grigg. The order 
 was given, and that Sabbath day witnessed one of the 
 most stubborn assaults, and most fiercely defended 
 forts of the war. For twenty-three minutes did those 
 brave men encircle that fort, fill its ditches, cover 
 its parapets, storming every vulnerable point in the 
 effort to gain possession It was a long time in an 
 open field to shoot and be shot at. Soon the moving 
 mass, pressed hj those in rear, passed into the fort, and 
 victory was gained. The forts on either flank were 
 
340 One Hundredth N. Y. S. VohmUers. 
 
 evacuated immediately, and the streams of "gray 
 backs," as they hastened on, gave evidence of haste, 
 fear and dismay. The colors of the One Hundredth 
 Kegiment were the first on the parapet of the fort, fol- 
 lowed by those of the Tenth Connecticut. The color- 
 bearer of the One Hundredth was shot, and Maj. Dandy, 
 its gallant commander, in pressing forward to raise 
 the colors, was also killed, a loss which the regiment 
 deeply felt, and whose brief service had endeared him 
 to his comrades in arms. 
 
 Many officers and men had fallen. The interior of 
 the fort was a pool of blood, a sight which can never 
 be shut from memory. The rebels had recklessly 
 fought to the last. Quickly the rear gun of the fort 
 was turned upon the fugitives. The dead were buried 
 in trenches two and a half feet in depth. The rebels 
 in one, and our own troops in others, under the direc- 
 tion of each regiment of the charging column. The 
 scene in and about the fort was beyond description. 
 Here, as elsewhere, after many a fight, the thought 
 would force itself upon us: Is our country worth 
 these sacrifices of human life ? Is it not savage bar- 
 barism all? These thoughts could not be repressed 
 amid the cords of dead, the fathers, husbands and 
 brothers of loved ones waiting words from the battle 
 field which would only kill as the bolts of despair. 
 Our dead buried, rations and ammunition issued, re- 
 ports rendered, and about face we began the pursuit of 
 Gen. Lee. On we marched,' Monday and Tuesday, 
 creeping into Burkesville late, with the strong men in 
 
One Hundredth If. Y. S. Vokmteera. 341. 
 
 advance from companies, regiments, brigades and 
 divisions. Toward morning the weak and straggling 
 came Btaggering along. It was literally a forced 
 march. Lee. must be kept from going South, and 
 Grant held the Twenty-fourth Corps to perform the 
 duty of intercepting, and if possible capture the Con- 
 federate chief. 
 
 We were in time. The morning of Wednesday, 
 April 5th, was wet and disagreeable. Railroad com- 
 munication being secured, Grant determined to secure 
 the whole of what remained of the Army of Northern 
 Virginia. Though pickets had been thrown out, and 
 preparation for camping commenced, orders came to 
 march. The One Hundredth New York at this place 
 were detailed to guard the wagon train, which saved 
 them the danger of helping to fight the last battle at 
 Appomattox, imposed upon the Third Brigade, First 
 Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps. 
 
 As the Twenty-fourth Corps reached High Bridge, 
 near Farmville, the rebels, were leaving, and the 
 bridge was in flames. The fire was extinguished. 
 Col. Dandy, with the Third Brigade, was ordered five 
 miles beyond to hold a bridge crossing the Appomattox. 
 Having been fired, its falling timbers were carried 
 away by the current, and with two pieces of cannon, 
 and pickets in position, the brigade bivouacked till 
 dawn. It was a cold, damp night. The morning sun 
 was a great relief to the chilled and weary troops. 
 The rear guard of the enemy had thrown up works on 
 an opposite hill, as we advanced ; and during the night 
 
342 One Hundredth JV. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 our batteries were placed in position, but at dawn the 
 rebels had fled. Evidences all along could be seen of 
 their hasty flight. Burning caissons, ambulances, 
 wagons, and worn-out mules, all told of the extremity 
 and demoralization of Lee's army. 
 
 Saturday evening, April 8th. Sheridan captured 
 four, trains of cars, thirty pieces of artillery, one gen- 
 eral and one thousand prisoners, and a hospital train, 
 thereby snatching from Lee needy supplies for his 
 starving army. Sheridan stood across his pathway, 
 determined to hold him until the Army of the James 
 could reach his front, and that of the Potomac his rear. 
 
 Gen. Lee had hoped to have broken through our 
 lines on that eventful morn held by Sheridan. The 
 flower of what remained of the Army of Northern Vir- 
 ginia was ordered to the work. Sheridan opened the 
 fight. The yells of the " Johnnies," the whistling of 
 bullets, the flight of driven cavalry, demoralized, hat- 
 less and weaponless, told us, the infantry, that our 
 time had come. At a double quick, the First Divi- 
 sion,- Twenty-fourth Corps, advanced. Col. Dandy 
 was in command of the Third Brigade, with only the 
 Eleventh Maine and Tenth Connecticut Regiments. 
 Such had been the speed of march, that the Third 
 Brigade was half a mile in advance of its left support- 
 ing column. Col. Dandy's aid, Lieut. Mason, had 
 been shot. Capt. Hawkins, inspector general, was 
 sinking with exhaustion. Gen. Foster, riding up amid 
 a shower of bullets said, " Capt. Stowits, make your 
 connection with Col. Fairchild's brigade on your left 
 
OSCAR F.RICHARDS. 
 
 Capt.Co.K.74-t!> Re£t N.YS.Vols. 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 343 
 
 and keep advancing." Before the Captain conld explain 
 that Col. Fairehild was far in the rear, the General 
 was gone. Already had Col. Hill, of the Eleventh 
 Maine, with most of his command, been made prisoners. 
 The officer in command of the Tenth Connecticut ap- 
 pealed to Capt. Stowits for orders. The Captain re- 
 sponded, order your men to lie down; if I live I will 
 bring you orders. Col. Dandy was sought and found. 
 The situation was explained. The Colonel told the 
 Captain that he was right to hold his men till Col. Fair- 
 child closed up. Anxiously the minutes were passed. 
 The skirmishers of Col. Fairchild's brigade appeared 
 in view. The line of battle was closed, and forward 
 we moved. It was our last battle, short, bloody, and the 
 end of the war. As the white flags came in, the view on 
 either hand was imposing and sublime. The various 
 corps of our army unfurled their flags and the bands 
 were ordered to play. It seemed more as a review, a 
 gala day for a moment, than the exultation of a great 
 army, that a long, bloody and desperate war had end- 
 ed. The pitied remnants of that once bold and de- 
 fiant army were sad to behold. Long and bravely had 
 they fought us ; but now, what a contrast to the well 
 clothed, well fed, and high spirited thousands of the 
 Union hosts. With an exhausted quartermasters' de- 
 partment, an empty commissary, the rebel army, as a 
 power, was no more. It only remained for us to feed 
 them in their needs, and illustrate again the maxim, 
 " that it is more blessed to give than to receive." 
 The Confederate army was paroled. As they passed 
 
344 One Hundredth W. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 our camps, to look upon them only excited charity and 
 pity. There were mutual congratulations that the 
 war had ended. Such had been the rapidity of our 
 marching that all our supply trains were deep in the 
 mud far in the rear. "We waited their arrival. From 
 the 9th to the 17th of April we waited orders and the 
 return of one of the divisions of the Twenty-fourth 
 Corps. Returns, and the necessary army papers were 
 completed, and the army commenced its' backward 
 movement. Reached Farmville Tuesday noon, April 
 18th. The road was one miry bed, filled with the de- 
 bris of a pursued and pursuing army. The stench of 
 dead horses aiid mules was almost insupportable. 
 
 At this, the height of our rejoicings, in the rain and 
 mud -waiting for orders, along the wires which followed 
 the army in all its movements, came the thrilling and 
 astounding intelligence that President Lincoln had 
 been assassinated. It could not at first be believed. 
 But, as the report settled into fact, and there seemed 
 to be no doubt of the sad news, a cloud of gloom per- 
 vaded the entire army. Our victories paled in their 
 glory, and for the moment all bur fightings and suc^ 
 cesses Were apparently of no significant value. But 
 in the loss of the martyr President we had the inspir- 
 ing thought of a saved and united nation. 
 
 That march of a victorious army for Eichmond was 
 a rest of mind to the veteran soldier. The best of dis- 
 cipline was observed. The people were evidently 
 surprised at our appearance, so orderly, well clad and 
 respectful of the rights of an enemy. 
 
One Rvmdre&th, N. Y. 8. Vohmteers. 345 
 
 We entered the city on the morning of April 25th, 
 after a night's hivonac at Manchester, two miles out. 
 We were received by Gen. Devin's division with 
 music, cheers, and the salutations of an exultant 
 soldiery. The colored population were jubilant. The 
 secession element was sullen, and dispirited. The 
 grand appearance of our army in contrast with the 
 ragged rebel soldiery, told the enemies of the nation 
 with what a power they had dared to measure arms, 
 and that they could not but reap what they had so 
 recklessly sown — death, ruin and devastation, 
 15* 
 
346 One Rvrndredih N. Y. S. Vokmteers. 
 
 CHAPTER XLVII1. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDREDTH JOIN'S THE BRIGADE AT APPOMAT- 
 TOX. THE RETURN MARCH TO RICHMOND. OTTR RE- 
 CEPTION BY THE RESIDENT TROOPS. ENCAMPED 
 
 OUTSIDE CITY. — RECEPTION OP SECOND, FIFTH AND 
 SIXTH CORPS AND SHERMAN'S ARMY. — INCIDENTS AND 
 ROUTINE OF CAMP LIFE. INSPECTIONS AND RE- 
 VIEWS. 
 
 The One Hundredth Regiment, commanded by 
 Capt. Nichols, with Lieut. Conry acting as adjutant, 
 was relieved of guarding the wagon train ; had joined 
 the brigade, and accompanied us on our return march 
 to Richmond. Our camps encircled the city. The 
 One Hundredth lay in a fine wood about two miles 
 out, near the Brook River turnpike, or between it and 
 Meadow Bridge road. The mental strain of alternate 
 fears and hopes had gone, and a reaction was apparent 
 in all the army. The soldier was thinking of the 
 civilian, and getting ready, in thought, to assume his 
 duties as such as soon as the grasp of the nation was 
 surrendered. The war was ended, and gradually the 
 national army passed to their homes. The various 
 
One Hundredth ]V. Y. 8. Volunteers. 347 
 
 corps were received with honors as they passed through 
 Richmond on their way to "Washington. The arrival 
 of Sherman's army was an event, and well had they 
 earned all the favors which as a stationed corps we 
 could give them. 
 
 Col. Dandy was still in command of the brigade. 
 May 10th he left for the North on a leave of absence 
 for thirty days to look after the interests of his brother, 
 Maj. James H. Dandy, who was killed at Fort Grigg. 
 
 At this time, and subsequently, several promotions 
 had been made. Capt. Warren Granger to be lieu- 
 tenant colonel from May 11th, 1865; Capt. George 
 H. Stowits to be major, from May 31st ; and Lieut. 
 Henry W. Conry, to be captain, May 31st; Lieut. 
 Samuel Ely to be captain, May 31st; Henry J. Jones 
 to be first lieutenant, May 31st ; Joseph Pratt to be 
 first lieutenant ; and Frank Casey and Peter Kelly to 
 be second lieutenants, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Col. Greely, of the Tenth Connecticut, the next 
 senior officer in the brigade, succeeded Col. Dandy in 
 command. Maj. Baldwin, of the Eleventh Maine, now 
 lieutenant colonel, who had been wounded in the as- 
 sault of the rebels on the morning of April 1st, re- 
 turned, and was heartily welcomed by both officers and 
 men. The Two Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania, 
 that had been left before Richmond, March 27th, now 
 joined the brigade, and a camping ground was assigned 
 them. Picketing, provost duty in the city, inspections 
 and reviews were the several duties of regiments, bri- 
 gades and divisions. The city of Richmond, and its 
 
348 One Hundredth N. Y. S. Volunteers. 
 
 surroundings, at this season was beautiful to behold. 
 It is situated on the James river, at the head of naviga- 
 tion, with all the exhibitions of modern taste in the de- 
 signs of its public and private buildings. There was no 
 mistaking the manifested pride of " blood " and " first 
 families." The best had suffered much for the cause. 
 Col. Dandy ordered that the headquarters of the bri- 
 gade be located in the front yard of a rebel officer, and 
 the following dialogue ensued between Capt. Stowits 
 and the wife of the rebel captain. " Can you mess, 
 or cook for the officers, the Colonel and staff? " " No ! 
 I have no servants, no food, save corn meal, and no 
 milk, as your troops killed my cows ; and my husband 
 has not yet arrived as a paroled prisoner." " "Well," 
 responded the Captain, " I will furnish you with food, 
 servants, and whatever you may need in the way of 
 means and material." " No ! I can't consent." The 
 tents of the various staff officers were pitched in fronf 
 of the house, much to the annoyance of this loyal lady 
 to the " lost cause." She had three little children, 
 aged respectively, six, eight and eleven years. Said 
 one, "Ma would not play on the piano for Union 
 officers when pa was away in the army, for he might 
 have been dead, sick, wounded or a prisoner ; but now 
 he is home, ma will play if they desire ; but I am a 
 Utile rebel any how." 
 
 When our army entered Richmond many remarked 
 that the statue, in Capitol Square, of "Washington, 
 pointed in the direction Lee had fled with his army ; a 
 significant index of the great desire of the Father of his 
 
One Hundredth N. T. S. Volvmieers. 34& 
 
 country that it should ever remain one country and one 
 people, and that treason and traitors should be secured 
 and punished. The people seemed friendly and thought 
 the " Yanks " a fine looking people, and did not ex- 
 pect to see such " heaps " of them, and a " right smart 
 lot, too." 
 
 The receptions given the various corps of the Army 
 of the Potomac, and also Sherman's army, were what 
 was due " the boys in blue," foot sore, weary, bronzed 
 and soil stained with marches up from the southern 
 shore, the gates of Atlanta, Savannah, Charleston, 
 Columbia, through North Carolina to the rear entrance 
 of the boasted capital of a would-be Confederate gov- 
 ernment. "With firm step, as on a holiday review, 
 they marched through the principal streets with guns 
 at a " right shoulder shift," making the Eichmondites 
 feel that they were a power, and that they had earned 
 the' cheers and salutes "extended them by their com- 
 rades along the line. 
 
 To the negroes the sight was a feast of joy and glad- 
 ness. In short all classes seemed to gaze upon the 
 scene as one long to be remembered. The Weather 
 was delightful, and all nature, about the fire-scarred 
 city, seemed to welcome the Union hosts with open- 
 ing buds and expanded leaves. Said a rebel officer, 
 as he looked upon the well clothed and well appointed 
 and thoroughly equipped thousands of the National 
 army, " We were fools to continue resistance to such a 
 power as seen in this representative army." 
 
 Lieut. Col. Granger arrived and took command of 
 
350 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 the One Hundredth, relieving Capt. Edwin Nichols. 
 Visited Fair Oaks battle field with a party from Buf- 
 falo, Messrs. S. N. Welch and J. D. Shepard. Details 
 were burying the dead slain in the charge and repulse 
 of October 27th, 1864, of the Eighteenth Corps, in front 
 of the defences of Richmond. 
 
 On Monday, May 22d, visited the suburbs of the 
 city with George Barnum and Brown of Buffalo. 
 Many visitors from the North were in Richmond at 
 this time, and their appearance awakened the liveliest 
 hopes in the minds of the soldiery to return to the 
 scenes of civil life. 
 
 The Two Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania was or- 
 dered to Lynchburg. Wednesday, May 24th, the Sixth 
 Corps was received as other corps had been by the 
 Twenty-fourth Corps, as at review. At this date 
 many of the wives of the ofiicers of New England reg- 
 iments joined their husbands, and cheerily enjoyed 
 the rustic life and living of their patriotic husbands. 
 This peaceful military life was not without its de- 
 lights ; regular duties imperative, the music of bands, 
 parades and reviews, all gave stimulus and excitement, 
 differing from the fears of expectant danger and bat- 
 tle. The little girls mentioned became quite familiar, 
 and presented Capt. Stowits daily with bouquets of 
 choice flowers, and insisting their disbelief that he was 
 a Yankee, since how could he be and treat them so 
 kindly, for had they not been taught that the Yankee 
 was a savage, a creature of untold monster character- 
 istics ? Yes, thus even had childhood been perverted 
 
One Hundredth N. Y. S. Vohmieers. 351 
 
 in its notions of that large number of enterprising, in- 
 dustrious and loyal men that had rescued a nation and 
 saved' an element of it from self-destruction and the 
 destruction of a government that had given them ex- 
 istence and untold blessings. Said the mother to Capt. 
 Stowits : " You have won my children and their favor, 
 such are the impressible natures of the young." The 
 Captain responded and said : " It is not strange. My 
 life has been spent among children, and I have learned 
 the way through the doorways of their frank and usu- 
 ally unsuspicious natures." 
 
 During a parade in front of headquarters, while the 
 national flags were unfurled and the bands were dis- 
 coursing their sweetest music, the same lady remarked, 
 " that she had thought she could never again look upon 
 that ' old flag ' with the least degree of complacency ;" 
 so deeply had they trodden out of sight, apparently, 
 the symbols of a great and prosperous people. 
 
352 One Hundredth If. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 VBAPTER ZL1Z. 
 
 GEN. FOSTEE, IN COMMAND OF DIVISION, ON LEAVE. — GEN. 
 
 OSBORNE IN COMMAND. EETtTEN SOLDIERS PROM AN- 
 
 DERSONVILLE. — LEAVES OF ABSENCE AND PASSES TO 
 THE CITY. RESIGNATION OP CAFT. STOWITS. LET- 
 TER of Gen. dandy. — appointment of capt. cook 
 
 AS -ACTING ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL. A CORPS 
 
 REVIEW AND GEN. GIBBON'S FAREWELL ORDER. AR- 
 RIVAL OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH AT ALBANY, AND MUS- 
 TER OUT. — PRESENTATION OF BATTLE FLAG8 OF THE 
 ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT TO THE BUFFALO HISTORI- 
 CAL SOCIETY, BY LIEUT. COL. WARREN GRANGER, JR. 
 
 Gen. R. S. Foster, now of Indianapolis, Indiana, 
 was still in command of the First Division. He was 
 our pride as an officer, both on account of his soldierly 
 bearing and qualities, as well as his social and courte- 
 ous manners, so much more acceptable to the volun- 
 teer, than the rigid, formal and martinet formalities 
 of the United States army officer. The General left 
 us on leave, and Gen. Osborne succeeded him, another 
 one of those desirable volunteer generals, who was 
 universally liked. Inspections and rumors of " nrus- 
 
One Hundredth N. T. 8. Volunteers. 353 
 
 ter out " still continued almost daily. The " Board 
 of Trade men," of 1862, began to feel that their hour 
 of departure was drawing near. The prisoners of 
 Andersonville were coming in from their long and ter- 
 rible struggle with death in that southern charnel 
 house, some little account of which is given in the 
 sketch of Alfred Lyth, one of the committee in the 
 publication of this work, and who suffered all but 
 death, as did the one hundred and forty men of the 
 One Hundredth Regiment, confined in that death-pen, 
 a blackened stigma upon southern chivalry, and with- 
 out a precedent in the annals of civilized warfare. 
 The temptation to visit the city of Richmond was to 
 be expected, being so near, and the conscious know- 
 ledge that war had ceased, and the old habits of civil 
 life coming vividly to thought, there had to be some 
 method in the way of enjoying that coveted boon. 
 Furloughs were granted to officers whose companies 
 on inspection presented an almost faultless appearance 
 in cleanliness of person and equipments. A certain 
 number of passes were given to enlisted men to go to 
 the city, daily, after inspection of clothing, guns 
 and accoutrements, at brigade headquarters, by Act. 
 Asst. Adjt. Gen.,Capt: Stowits. Col. Dandy received 
 his commission as brevet brigadier general of volunteers, 
 for services rendered during the war. Capt. Stowits, 
 feeling that his services as a soldier were no longer 
 needed, sent in his resignation, May 30th, and it was 
 accepted, and the last entry made in his military diary 
 was in the following words : " Here ends military rule 
 
354 One Hundredth N. T. S. Volunteers. 
 
 and power over me" The Captain left before the ar- 
 rival of Gen. Dandy, whom he had served as acting 
 assistant adjutant general since his wounding and re- 
 turn from hospital at Fortress Monroe, October 27th, 
 1864. After the arrival of the General at Kichmond, 
 and the resumption of his command, he addressed the 
 following letter to Capt. Stowits. 
 
 Richmond, Va., June 12th, 1865. 
 My Dear Captain: — 
 
 On my return here I was extremely sorry to learn that you 
 had left the service. Doubtless, however, your private interests 
 required you to take such a step. I regret that you did not re- 
 main until my return, or at least until your commission as major 
 of the regiment had reached you. Be assured, Captain, that I shall 
 miss the services of so efficient and gallant an officer as yourself 
 on my staff, and shall find it difficult to replace you. With my 
 best wishes for your future prosperity, permit me to subscribe my- 
 self, 
 
 Tour sincere friend, 
 
 GEORGE B. DANDY, 
 Brig. Gen Comd. Third Brigade. 
 To Capt. Geo. H. Stowits, 
 
 late Act. Asst. Adjt. Gen. 
 
 Previous to the departure of Capt. Stowits, he de- 
 tailed Capt. Edward L. Cook, of the One Hundredth 
 Regiment, as acting assistant adjutant general, whose 
 known efficiency as acting adjutant of the regiment 
 was a guarantee that the business of the brigade would 
 not be neglected. 
 
 A few days subsequent to these events a grand re- 
 view of the Twenty-fourth Corps was had, which was 
 an event in the history of reviews, for the finest of 
 soldierly displays. Such had been seen without the 
 
One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Volunteers. 355 
 
 works of Richmond, as an investing army, and it was 
 meet that similar ones should be enacted within the 
 concentric circles of the city defences. 
 
 At the review, Maj. Gren. Gibbon issued his parting 
 words to the heroes of the Twenty-fourth Corps. 
 
 Headquarters, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, > 
 Review Ground, Richmond, Va., June 10th, 1865. J 
 Soldiers op the Twenty-fourth Corps : — 
 
 This, probably, is the last occasion upon which you, as a corps, 
 will be assembled. 
 
 Many of you are about to re-enter civil life, to resume those 
 domestic duties which, by your service in the great cause of your 
 country, have been so long neglected. 
 
 Before we separate, I desire to thank you, in the name of a 
 grateful country, for the service you have rendered her. 
 
 By your discipline, long marches and hard fighting, you have 
 established for yourself a name second to none in the army. 
 
 Tour badge has become an emblem of energy, valor and patri- 
 otism, and is a source of just pride to all who wear it. 
 
 Those of you who are entering civil life should still wear it, on 
 all occasions, as an evidence to your brothers who remain in ser- 
 vice of your pride in a-badge made sacred by the blood of so many 
 brave men, and your disposition, should your country ever again 
 call you to arms, to again assemble under that proud emblem, and 
 revive the glory of the Twenty-fourth Corps. 
 
 To our comrades who are leaving the service we pledge a kind 
 farewell, and a wish that their career in civil life may be as suc- 
 cessful and prosperous as their military life has been alike honor- 
 able to themselves and beneficial to their country. 
 
 JOHN GIBBON, 
 Maj. Gen. Vols. Commanding Corps. 
 
 In July the One Hundred and Forty-eighth and One 
 Hundred and Fifty-eighth New York regiments were 
 consolidated with the One Hundredth Regiment, and, 
 as Capt. Stowits did not muster as major, Frederick A. 
 
356 One Hwidredfh N. Y. S. Vokmteers. 
 
 Sawyer was commissioned as major, mustered, and was 
 mustered out with the regiment at Albany on its re- 
 turn home. 
 
 After consolidation, and order for muster out, from 
 some unexplained cause, the regiment was ordered to 
 Albany for muster out, instead of Buffalo, where a 
 majority of the regiment desired to be sent. As most 
 of the officers were of the original regiment, and 
 about two hundred of the men, composed of re-en- 
 listed veterans and what were termed "Board of 
 Trade men," it was hoped that tbey, at least, would 
 come to Buffalo in a body, that the honor of a recep- 
 tion might be given them, as their services merited. 
 The Board of Trade was ready, waiting any action on 
 the part of the members of the regiment, to fulfill their 
 obligations, and pay their respects to the remnants of 
 a body of men aggregated under their auspices, after 
 having done such valiant service for country, a pride 
 to Buffalo and an honor to the nation. But it was 
 otherwise ordered, and on the 28th of August, 1865, 
 at Richmond, the regiment was discharged, left for 
 Albany by the way of Baltimore and New York city, 
 and was noticed by the New York press in terms of 
 the mo6t flattering character. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDREDTH NEW YOKE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The One Hundred* New York Volunteer Regiment, number- 
 ing seven hundred and forty men, under command of Brevet Brig. 
 Gen. George B. Dandy, arrived in this city yesterday afternoon 
 from Richmond, en route for Albany, for which place it left early 
 in the evening. The regiment was raised in Erie County in Jan- 
 
Om ffimdredth JV. Y. 8. VohmU&ra. 357 
 
 nary, 1863, and served in the Peninsula campaign under Gen. 
 McClellan. In March, 1863, the regiment was sent to take possession 
 of Cole's island, at the mouth of the Stono river, S. C, preparatory 
 to the siege of Charleston. The One Hundredth Regiment par- 
 ticipated in the capture of Morris island, the assault of Fort Wag- 
 ner, and in the regular approaches afterward made upon that 
 work, resulting in its capture, and in which it lost nearly one-half 
 its men. In the spring and summer of 1864 it served with Gen. 
 Butler's command at Bermuda Hundred, Drury's Bluff and Beep 
 Bottom, taking part in all the engagements of that campaign. In 
 October, 1864, the regiment was recruited for the third time, and 
 in March, 1865, and in the closing campaign, fought at Hatcher's 
 Bun for three days: participated in the assault of Fort Grigg, 
 near Petersburg, and in the closing battle of the war, at Appomat- 
 tox Court Hquse, at the time of the surrender of Gen. Lee. 
 
 In July last, the remnants of the One Hundred and Forty-eighth 
 and One Hundred and Fifty-eighth New York Volunteers were 
 consolidated with this regiment 
 
 For special gallantry in the assault on Fort Grigg, where the 
 major commanding was killed on the parapet of the work, the 
 colors of the regiment were presented with a splendid eagle in 
 bronze, bearing the following inscription : 
 
 " Presented to the One Hundredth New York Volunteers by 
 Maj. Gen. John Gibbon, commanding Twenty-fourth Corps, for 
 gallant conduct in the assault on Fort Grigg, Petersburg, Va., 
 April 2d, 1865." 
 
 The following are the names of the officers, and enumeration of 
 the battles in which the regiment had taken part : 
 
 Col. and Brevet Brig. Gen.. George B. Dandy ; Lieut Col. War- 
 ren Granger ; Maj. Frederick Sawyer ; Surg. Norris M. Carter ; 
 Asst. Surg. Edwin Schofield ; First Lieut, and Regimental Quar- 
 termaster George G. Barnum. Co. "A:" First Lieut. Henry 
 Heintz; Second Lieut. Peter Kelly. Co. "B:" Capt Jonathan 
 E. Head; First Lieut. Joseph Pratt. Co. ' C:" Capt. Edwin 
 Nichols; First Lieut. Wayne Vogdes. Co. "D:" Capt. Samuel 
 Ely. Co. " E :" Capt Edward Pratt. Co. " F :" Capt. Edward 
 L. Cook, acting adjutant ; First Lieut. Henry Jones. Co. " G :*' 
 Capt. Jacob S. Kittle ; First Lieut. John S. Manning. Co. " H :" 
 Capt. Henry W. Conry ; First Lieut. John Gordon. Co. " I :" 
 Capt Patrick Connolly. Co. " K :" First Lieut. Charles H. Waite. 
 
358 One Hwndredih N. Y. & Volunteers. 
 
 ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 Siege of Yorktown, April, 1862 ; battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 
 1862 ; reconnoissance to Seven Pines, May 23, 1862 ; battle of Fair 
 Oaks, May 31, 1862; Bottom's Bridge, June 27, 1862; White Oak 
 Swamp, June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862; Wood's Cross 
 Roads, December 12, 1862; Cole's Island, March 31, 1863; Folly 
 Island, June, 1863; Morris Island, July 10, 1863; assault on 
 Fort Wagner, July 18 t 1863 ; siege of Fort Wagner, July, August 
 and September, 1863; Port Walthall Junction, May 7, 1864; 
 Drury's Bluff, May 13, 14 and 16, 1864; Bermuda Hundred, June 
 20th, 1864; Grover House, June 21, 1864; Deep Bottom, July 27, 
 1864 ; Deep Run, August 14, 1864 ; Fussill's Mills, August 16, 1864 ; 
 siege of Petersburg, September 29, 1864; Newmarket Road, Octo- 
 ber 7, 1864; Charles City Road, October 27, 1864; Hatcher's Run, 
 March 30, 31 and April 1, 1865 ; Fort Grigg, April 2^1865 ; Appo- 
 mattox Court House, April 9, 1865. 
 
 The battle flags of the One Hundredth Regiment 
 were handed over to the Buffalo Historical Society 
 for safe keeping, as the annexed note 'will show : 
 
 Buffalo, May 1st, 1867. 
 Wm. C. Bkyant, Fsq., Secretary of the Buffalo Historical Society: 
 Sir : — Accompanying this note, I have the honor to transmit 
 to the Buffalo Historical Society, for safe keeping, the eolors borne 
 by the One Hundredth Regiment New York Volunteers in the 
 campaigns before Richmond, Va., under Butler in 1864, and Grant 
 in 1865. They are two standards : The United States colors and 
 those of the State of New York. In their torn and mutilated 
 draperies, they bear memorials of many a hard and well contested 
 field. In their defense many a soldier of the One Hundredth laid 
 down his life. The eagle which surmounted the staff of the State 
 colors, and which I send with the latter, was shot off by a minnie 
 ball in the assault on Fort Grigg, Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 
 On that occasion these colors were foremost in the fight, and the 
 first planted on the enemy's works. They were presented to the 
 One Hundredth Regiment by the Buffalo Board of Trade in the 
 spring of 1864. Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
 
 WARREN GRANGER, Jr., 
 Late Lieut. Col. One Hundredth New York, 
 and Brevet Col, of Volunteers. 
 
One Hundredth JV. Y. S. Vohmteers. 359 
 
 CHAPTER L. 
 
 CLOSING WOKDS. REFLECTIONS UPON THE WAR SO SUC- 
 CESSFULLY ENDED, AND THE BRILLIANT AND HOPEFUL 
 FUTURE OF THIS YOUNG REPUBLIC. 
 
 The task is done. The inarches, battles and siegeB 
 in which the One Hundredth took a prominent and 
 honorable part are recorded in the preceding pages. 
 The battles have, been refought. During the past 
 year by night and by day, have we stood by the side 
 of dead and wounded comrades, and felt, oh ! how in- 
 tensely, the great sacrifice a£ human life for the resto- 
 ration of the Union 
 
 We have stood by the side of open graves on Morris 
 Island, and before Kichmond and Petersburg, with 
 an acute anguish, as deeply felt in imagery, as when 
 the gloom of the hour enthralled us. Now we hope 
 to push the fact and thought far into the mists of 
 memory, and come up as cheerfully as we may to the 
 consideration of the fruits and blessings of that great, 
 grand and glorious struggle for the life and existence 
 of the nation. 
 
360 One Himdredth N. Y. 8. Volunteers. 
 
 In the whirl of the age, this great civil war has 
 passed into the shadow-land of history. So recent, 
 that the grass has barely grown over the graves of 
 thousands of the fallen. As a soldier, we were taught 
 to love our country more. The sky, the green earth, 
 the blue waters, all, are dearer to us now, than when 
 we had not this hitter lesson of sanguinary war. We 
 would be pleased to veil from memory most of the 
 events that attend our thoughts ; but they are 
 ever present as the tuition for the practical lesson we 
 have learned, to value country beyond compare, 
 and daily teach the children under our care to love it 
 beyond words to express. 
 
 The " unmarked graves " throughout all the South 
 appeal to us ;. at Gettysburg, Fortress Monroe, Ander- 
 son ville, Morris Island and the Southwest, speaking 
 in tones of thrilling import : — we died that you might 
 live. Their bones are bleaching on the isles, and 
 along the streams, to be remembered as the sacrificed 
 for the existence of the b^est and freest government 
 the world has ever seen. Their forms are ever present, 
 and their deeds are held in grateful remembrance. 
 Our fates might have been reversed. They might 
 have stood where we stand, while we would have been 
 known only as they are known, in praise, in story and 
 in song. Let us not think lightly, nor undervalue the 
 martyred dead, who have been sacrificed in a war 
 waged to save and perpetuate the Union and every 
 star in the " Dear Old Flag." Thank God, they are 
 all there; and those of us, who have survived the 
 
One Hundredth N". Y. S. Volunteers. 361 
 
 crimsoned ordeal, will ever cherish this symbol of our 
 national unity; knowing, that when kissed by the 
 breezes of all lands, the nations will feel and know, 
 that that flag is the emblem of unity and freedom, 
 baptized in the blood of heroes, for its protection and 
 perpetuity, while government lasts and the living 
 millions are shadowed with its folds of stripes and 
 stars. 
 
 As a soldiery we are not forgotten. In the bustle 
 and strife of material life, the soldier may often feel 
 that he is neglected, but reflection will speak to him 
 the truth ; that it cannot be, as long as memory lasts 
 and government exists, and these waters of the lakes 
 rest in their cradled basins, and Niagara's current 
 moves swiftly along to the cataract's verge, where ris- 
 ing in mists an incense is offered to the Giver of all 
 blessings, of a nation's gratitude for the preservation 
 of its unity, peace and power forever. 
 
 To live the life of a soldier does not occur to the 
 citizen but rarely in the course of a century, or in the 
 life of a nation. It has its charms, as well as its sor- 
 rows. As soldiers we tried to do our duty ; as citizens, 
 we rejoice. Should foreign foes, or factious ones at 
 home, seek again the life of the nation in our day, 
 then the military culture acquired will serve us, as in 
 the days of the rebellion. 
 
 As a people may we know war no more. May 
 neither our children nor our children's children ever 
 act its bloody drama ; but in its growth, enterprise, 
 16 
 
362 One Hundredth JV. T. 8. Volwnteers. 
 
 power and vitality, may this youthful republic enjoy 
 peace and freedom evermore. 
 
 " Hosannas for a land redeemed, 
 
 The bayonet sheathed, the cannon dumb ; 
 Passed, as some horror, we have dreamed, 
 
 The fiery meteors that here streamed, 
 Threat'ning within our homes to come. 
 
 Again, our Banner floats abroad, 
 
 Gone the one stain, that on it fell ; 
 And bettered by His chast'ning rod, 
 "With streaming eyes uplift to God, 
 
 We say : ' He doeth all things well.' " 
 
GEORGE H.STOWITS. 
 
 Major- ioo *.b N.Y. vols. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 IN MEMORIAM. 
 
 COLONEL JAMES MALCOLM BROWN. 
 
 PTTRNISHBD BY HIS WIFE, CHAKLOTTE BBOWK. 
 
 Colonel James Malcolm Brown, commander of the One Hun- 
 dredth New York State Volunteers, was born in Dundee, Scotland, 
 on the 24th day of November, 1835. In his early years, the family 
 removed to Ortree, in the Isle of Skye, and in the twelfth year of 
 his age they took up their residence in the city of Glasgow. 
 Here he began to develop those mental capacities which so dis- 
 tinguished him in after life; and after attaining the highest honors 
 in the high school of that city, he applied himself to the study of 
 medicine, attending lectures in the medical college. Before he 
 had attained his majority he left the paternal mansion, and came 
 to this country, selecting as his residence the city of New Orleans, 
 where he pursued his studies until the beginning of the war with 
 Mexico, when he entered the army as assistant surgeon, remaining 
 with his regiment until peace was declared, when he was mustered 
 out of the service at Mackinac. Surg. Brown occupied for nearly 
 eighteen months a tent with Lieutenant, now President, Grant. The 
 young surgeon then discerned in the cool and daring Lieutenant 
 the germs of those remarkable qualities which, in their develop- 
 ment, were destined to achieve such momentous results in the 
 future of our country ; and that long afterward, during the first 
 year of the rebellion, before our great commander had proved him- 
 
364 Appendix. 
 
 self capable of accomplishing those mighty deeds which have ren- 
 dered his name famous, Col. Brown had often predicted to his 
 intimate friends, that Grant, if he lived, would be one of the great- 
 est generals of our times ! The practice of medicine does not seem 
 to have been in accordance with the tastes and temperament of Mr. 
 Brown, for we find him after the close of the Mexican war a student 
 in the law office of Messrs. Harvey & McReynolds, of Detroit, Mich., 
 who were among the leading attorneys of that city. Here he applied 
 himself with the utmost diligence to the study of his new profes- 
 sion, and was admitted to the bar of that State in the year 1851. 
 On the 15th of January, 1852, he was married to Miss Charlotte 
 Cook, a daughter of Dr. Robert Cook, formerly a physician of 
 Argyle, N. Y.; and in the summer of 1853 he removed to James- 
 town, N. T., where his widow with her three sons now reside. 
 Here he became a partner of the Hon. Madison Burnell, since 
 deceased, who was then one of the ablest lawyers of Chautauqua 
 county, and John F. Smith, who afterward became colonel of the 
 One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment New York Volunteers, a 
 brave officer, who fell in the attack on Fort Fisher. 
 
 Mr. Brown practiced with good success as a member of the 
 above firm, and also on his own responsibility, until the breaking 
 out of the war of the rebellion in the spring of 1861. When the 
 echoes of the guns of Sumter reverberated throughout the land, 
 proclaiming to the loyal citizens of the North that a civil war was 
 inevitable, the soul of our hero was eager for the strife which he 
 knew must speedily begin. The proclamation of President Lin- 
 coln, calling for seventy-five thousand volunteers, met with no 
 readier or more enthusiastic response throughout the length and 
 breadth of the loyal portion of the country, than in the town where 
 Mr. Brown resided. Before any of his townsmen had had time to 
 consider what was the first thing to be done, Mr. Brown raised his 
 standard and called for recruits to form a company. Many of the 
 most respectable young men of the town enlisted under his com- 
 mand, and in an incredibly short space of time, one hundred and 
 twelve men, more than the full complement, were enrolled. 
 
 The commission of James M. Brown, as Captain of Co. " B," 
 Seventy-second Regiment, was the first one applied for, and issued 
 in Chautauqua county, during the rebellion, and his company was 
 the first one to depart for the seat of war. The citizens vied with 
 each other in their efforts to promote the welfare and comfort of 
 
Appendix. 365 
 
 the men, previous to their departure, and that there might he no 
 delay, busied themselves in providing uniforms and subsistence; 
 and when the day of departure came, advanced the means of trans- 
 portation to New York. The ladies industriously worked to pre- 
 pare food, haversacks and comfortable underclothing, and wrought 
 with their own hands a beautiful silken flag, which they presented 
 to the company. Upon its arrival at New York, it was attached to 
 Gen. Sickles' brigade, and ordered to encamp at Staten island. 
 Capt. Brown remained in command, preparing his men for the 
 stern duties of a soldier's life, and bringing his company into a 
 condition of high discipline, during the summer of 1861, when he 
 was ordered home on recruiting service. 
 
 It appears that his fine soldierly bearing as an oflicer, and his 
 evident military abilities, had attracted the attention of Gen. 
 Scroggs, then recruiting at Buffalo for the Eagle Brigade, who 
 offered Capt. Brown the colonelcy of the One Hundredth Regiment, 
 which was attached to the brigade awaiting its full complement of 
 men. Capt. Brown accepted the position, and his resignation as 
 captain of Co. "B" having been accepted, on the 5th of Novem- 
 ber, 1861, he proceeded to Buffalo to assume the command of his 
 regiment. Carrying with him the same prompt and resolute dis- 
 position, he determined on making the One Hundredth Regiment 
 effective in the shortest possible time, and taxed their energies to 
 the utmost, in order that his command might excel. His own in- 
 defatigable spirit became reflected in every soldier, and he won 
 their utmost confidence in him as an able and competent leader. 
 When his regiment entered into active service he lived as the 
 others lived, slept on the cold, wet ground, ate soldiers' rations, 
 and in all regards endured the hardships of the campaign like the 
 privates. He bore all privations without murmuring for himself, 
 but not without feeling keenly for his men. At Seven Pines he 
 was in the saddle and his regiment under arms ere the order 
 reached him. He led them into action with that stern joy which 
 warriors feel when going out to battle. Through the former part 
 of the fight he sat quietly on his horse, a conspicuous target, calmly 
 smoking his pipe, except when giving orders or executing a move- 
 ment. "When the action grew hot as Hades, he raged up and down 
 the line encouraging the men by voice and example, his lion cour- 
 age aroused, the light of battle in his eyes, a soldier terrible in his 
 splendid bravery. When came that fatal order to charge, he was 
 
366 Appendix. 
 
 heard to denounce the order, it was his duty, with death staring 
 them all in the face, to execute. Here came out one of the finest 
 traits of the soldier. For one instant looking straight forward at 
 inevitable disorder and rout, he cried out in his great lion-like voice 
 " Charge the One Hundredth !" Officers and men saw the trap into 
 which they were moving ; but, 
 
 " Their's not to make reply, 
 Their's not to reason why, 
 Their's hut to do and die ; 
 Though some one had blundered," 
 On went the One Hundredth. 
 
 The history of that fight, of the noble devotion and courage of 
 Col. Brown, and the One Hundredth Regiment, is written on the 
 bosom of mother earth, in the mounds that are scattered over 
 the field of Seven Pines. A braver gentleman than Col. Brown 
 never lived. His body lies unknown in some mound on the field 
 of that terrible fray ; but his memory will live in the hearts of his 
 countrymen, who honor bravery and worth, so long as the pen of 
 history shall inscribe the noble deeds of chivalry. 
 
 His memory is fondly cherished in the beautiful village where 
 he resided. Camp James M. Brown is the name of a field which 
 was the mustering place of two noble regiments, the One Hun- 
 dred and Twelfth and One Hundred and Fifty-fourth regiments of 
 New York Volunteers, that, in 1862, went forth from Jamestown 
 to battle for the nation's life; and Post James M. Brown, Grand 
 Army of the Republic, is formed of the surviving heroes of the 
 war who are residents of the town. Year after year, upon " dec- 
 oration day," they repair to the cemetery, in the outskirts of the 
 town, to participate in the touching and beautiful ceremonies of 
 the day ; and a mound is always erected in memory of the brave 
 Colonel which fair hands tenderly decorate with flowers. 
 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL PHINEAS STAUNTON. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Staunton was the son of Major General Phineas, and 
 Mrs. Mary Staunton, early settlers of Wyoming county, in this 
 
Appendix. 367 
 
 State. Gen. Staunton was a prominent officer in the war of 1812, 
 was an intimate friend of Gen. Peter B. Porter, the author in Con- 
 gress of the war measure against England, and with him was in- 
 timately indentified with the early progress of New York. The 
 parents of Col. Staunton, judged by all that is known of them, and 
 by the revelation that he has given of them upon canvass, were 
 persons of royal natures and of commanding characters. Col. 
 Staunton was born September 34th, 1817, and inherited a love of 
 country and a love of military life. His fatheftfiemg a prominent 
 officer in the war of 1812, distinguished himself in several important 
 battles by his heroism and command over men. After the declar- 
 ation of peace, he was chosen commander-in-chief of the militia of 
 "Western New York, with a commission as major general. At the 
 age of eighteen, Col. Staunton held a position as staff officer with 
 the rank of lieutenant colonel of militia. Nature designed and fitted 
 him for an artist, and a great and good artist he was. And yet, 
 while it was true that all the forces within him culminated in his 
 profession, he was not thereby disqualified, like many persons en- 
 dowed with special gifts, for the practical duties of life in other 
 directions. Completely enveloped in the holy flame of art, he 
 could instantly drop his palette and grasp his sword, when liberty 
 was assaulted in his native land. He could throw his whole soul 
 into the scale of politics, if it seemed to him that the beam was 
 likely to go down on the side of injustice and oppression. He 
 could leave his studies and join his brethern in the church as de - 
 votedly as the best When in command of his regiment he was 
 both chaplain and superior officer. 
 
 During the winter of 1860 and 1861, Col. Staunton, while en- 
 gaged in his profession in the city of New York, became so im- 
 pressed with the conviction that a war with the South was inevi - 
 table, that, unknown to his friends, he joined a class composed of 
 volunteers, which met three times a week to study military tactics 
 and drill, under the instruction of Col. Tompkins. In the spring 
 of 1861, after the capture of Fort Sumter, he felt that the time had 
 arrived for him to enter the ranks of the defenders of the " old 
 flag." He returned home, to LeRoy, Genesee county, and im- 
 mediately commenced to recruit volunteers for a company of in- 
 fantry. This company was raised by his efforts, joined with those 
 of Capt Walter B. Moore, and became Co. " B " of the One Hun- 
 dredth New York State Volunteers. 
 
368 Appendix. 
 
 The record of Col. Staunton and his services can be traced in 
 the pages of this work from the entry of the regiment in the field 
 to his resignation, October 11th, 1862, at Gloucester Point, Va. 
 The cause of his resignation, and the loss of his services to the 
 country at that hour, was the appointment of George B. Dandy as 
 colonel of the One Hundredth Begiment, which was rightfully due 
 to Lieut. Col. Staunton. 
 
 Col. Staunton subsequently joined a scientific expedition to South 
 America, and died^at Quito Ecuador, September 5th, 1867. He 
 was Vice Chancellor of Ingham University, LeRoy, N. Y., a man 
 revered by his friends, and honored by all favored with his ac- 
 quaintance. 
 
 MAJOR JAMES H. DANDY. 
 
 Major James H. Dandy, who fell in the charge on Fort Grigg, 
 near Petersburg, April 2d, 1865, was the brother of Gen. G. B. 
 Dandy, colonel of the One Hundredth Regiment. Through his 
 brother he was commissioned first lieutenant, November 24th, 
 1862, and introduced into the regiment at Carolina City, N. C. 
 Being assigned to Co. " B," he remained till June, 1863, when he 
 was detailed in the commissary department at Hilton Head, 
 where he was commissioned a captain, September 5th, 1863, and 
 subsequently a brevet major. December 9th, 1864, he was com- 
 missioned major, joined the regiment and assumed command, 
 March 27th, 1865, on the eve of our departure from the front be- 
 fore Richmond, and to the left at Hatcher's Run, thence into the 
 assault on Fort Grigg, where he was shot, near the parapet of the 
 work, in an attempt to recover the colors as they fell from the 
 hands of the color- bearer, who had been shot an instant before. 
 
 Before going into the charge he said to Capt. Stowits, " I feel as 
 though I shall be killed, take my money," as he had just been paid, 
 and this was his first fight. The Captain responded : " It is not 
 strange, that you should thus feel ; but if you wish, give it to the 
 surgeon, as I shall be in nearly as great danger in forming the line 
 for advance as yourself." His presentiment was a fact. He was 
 slain, a young, brave and gallant officer. The few days that he had 
 commanded the regiment had endeared him to the hearts of all. 
 
Appendix. 369 
 
 He was subsequently breveted lieutenant colonel, and the follow- 
 ing action of the members of Psi Upsilon Fraternity of the Wes- 
 leyan University, of which he was an honored member, will tell 
 of his merits and the value of his memory. 
 
 Whereas, We have received the sad announcement of the death of our hon- 
 ored brother, Major James H. Dandy, who fell at the capture of Fort Grigg, on 
 the 2d of April, in command of his regiment, the One Hundredth New York, 
 while planting, in person, his victorious flag upon the stronghold he had con- 
 quered; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That, though we had fondly hoped to welcome him, safe from all 
 perilB of "battle to the paths of peace again, we humbly bow in submission to 
 this grievous dispensation of a Providence whose goodness we may not doubt. 
 
 Resolved, That in the unselfish devotion of our esteemed brother to the com- 
 mon cause of God and humanity — in his generous fidelity to every relation of 
 home and of country — in hie consistent morality and genial social qualities, 
 which made so many friends and, now, so many mourners, we find much that 
 is richly worthy of emulation. 
 
 Resolved, That we are justly proud of the enviable reputation he achieved by 
 his manly and soldierly bearing, and the cool yet brilliant courage which 
 marked his entire military career and met its coronation in his last brave deed ; 
 and that the goodly record of his life, always so spotless, so noble, and laureled, 
 now at last, with the high eulogium, 
 
 " Bead on the field of honor," 
 
 shall not be forgotten, but cherished as a precious legacy. 
 
 Resolved, That with becoming respect for the sacredness of their Borrow we 
 sincerely tender to the bereaved relatives and friends, in this time of grief, our 
 best and warmest smypatMes. 
 
 Resolved, That we drape our badges for the period of thirty days in token of 
 our regard for our brother, thus sadly yet nobly fallen on the bright margin of 
 a victory, whose gates, we trust, swing open on the courts of peace. 
 
 Resolved, That copies of these resolutions be transmitted to the family and 
 friends of the deceased, and to the several chapters of the fraternity. 
 
 WILLIAM V. KELLY, 
 
 WELLESLEY W. BOWDISH, 
 E. IRVING KACKBTT. 
 
 Wesleyan University, April, 1865. 
 
 CAPTAIN MICHAEL BAILEY. 
 
 BY MAJOR D. D. NASH. 
 
 Capt. Michael Bailey, who served with the One Hundredth 
 Regiment as captain of Co. " E," and who died as lieutenant col- 
 16* 
 
370 Appendix. 
 
 onel of a Buffalo regiment of the army raised in the Fenian ser- 
 vice for the liberation of Ireland, was born in the year 1822, in 
 Queens county, Ireland, where he was reared by parents of the 
 better class of the intelligent farmers of that highly favored portion 
 of his native isle. 
 
 At the age of eighteen, in 1840, he left home and its endear- 
 ments, having from his boyhood learned to love America, its in- 
 stitutions and consequent blessings. He landed first in New 
 Brunswick, where he learned the lucrative trade of a ship-carpen- 
 ter, and subsequently came to Buffalo, which has since, until the 
 time of his death, been his home, and where by his industry he 
 had accumulated, at the outbreak of the war, a handsome property, 
 nearly all of which he freely gave in the service of his adopted 
 and native countries. In 1856, Co. " E," Emmctt Guards, of the 
 Seventy-fourth Regiment, was organized, and he was elected cap- 
 tain. In 1861, during the month of September, he recruited Co. 
 " E," One Hundredth Regiment New York Volunteers, at almost 
 entirely his own expense. He served as captain until the fall of 
 1863, when he was unnecessarily quarrelled out of the regiment by 
 his superiors in rank, who were determined to accomplish that 
 heartless result. Seldom did an officer leave his charge with so 
 much regret, nor with so creditable a war record. At Fair Oaks 
 he was taken prisoner, struggling heroically, with a detached com- 
 mand, to hold a vastly superior force of the enemy in check, sur- 
 rounded by his fighting Irishmen, who looked upon him as a father 
 as well as a leader. After his release from prison he participated 
 with cheerful alacrity in the many campaigns, battles and discom- 
 forts of the regiment up to the time of his resignation, and never 
 will the writer forget the bravery and tact with which he assisted 
 in encouraging and directing the decimated ranks of the One Hun- 
 dredth in that fatal night assualt upon Fort Wagner, as the men 
 passed through the ditch, nor his indomitable pluck in the terrible 
 work of driving the enemy into their bomb proofs, after the para- 
 pet had been scaled, and while the writer was prostrate by a 
 wound, and only able to suggest, generally, such movement as 
 seemed necessary. Capt. Bailey was one of the finest specimens 
 of the intelligent, chivalrous, generous Irish gentlemen, to whom 
 neither fear nor dishonor were known; and never was one 
 mourned by a larger circle of friends than the subject of this 
 sketch, who died in Buffalo, January 17th, 1868, indirectly from a 
 
Appendix. 371 
 
 wound received in the chest at Fort Erie, June 2d, 1866, while en- 
 gaged in capturing a detachment of British troops, landed for his 
 defeat. May the green isle send us more such patriots as Capt. 
 Bailey, whose memory will remain cherished as the flag he loved, 
 and the cause for which he gave his life. 
 
 CAPTAIN WILLIAM RICHARDSON. 
 
 Capt. William Richardson was a member of Co. " D," raised by 
 Col. Payne, of Tonawanda, N. Y., and was a resident of that 
 town when he enlisted as a volunteer. His faithfulness in the dis- 
 charge of duty, his independent spirit and reliable courage soon 
 earned his rapid promotion. He was commissioned second lieu- 
 tenant December 23d, 1862, while the regiment lay at Gloucester 
 Point, Va. A few days previous to the taking of Morris island, 
 July 4th, 1863, he was commissioned first lieutenant, and April 
 14th, 1864, just before the departure of the regiment from Mor- 
 ris island, he was commissioned captain, as a reward for devo- 
 tion to duty, and his success as an officer and soldier in the dis- 
 charge of duty. 
 
 In the battle of Walthall Junction, on the Bermuda front, the 
 perils of Drury's Bluff, the taking of Deep Bottom, where, in com- 
 mand of the reserves, in July, 1864, in an advance upon the rebel 
 lines, he was shot, Capt. Richardson was always the courageous, 
 bold and self-possessed soldier. He was shot July 27th, 1864. An 
 attempt was made to recover his body, but failed. It was said that 
 he did not die instantly, but lingered and died from the wound, 
 and was buried by the enemy. His loss to the regiment, at that 
 time, was sorely felt, and could not be repaired. This steady and 
 dangerous service of the regiment was fatal to both officers and 
 men, and large numbers during the summer of 1864 were lost to 
 the service and the country. 
 
 CAPTAIN FRANK C. BRUNCK. 
 
 Capt Brunck was the son of Doctor Brunck of this city, an 
 able editor, an eloquent speaker, and widely honored among both 
 
372 Appendix. 
 
 our German and American citizens. The Captain was born in the 
 city of Buffalo, October 24th, 1841. He was educated in our pub- 
 lic schools, and also attended the central school, at that time in its 
 infancy, as an experiment. Subsequently he learned the trade of 
 a printer, and was at work in the Cmirier office of this city at the 
 commencement of the war. He decided to enlist as a volunteer, 
 and began to solicit recruits for the One Hundredth Regiment, and 
 was commissioned first lieutenant February 7th, 1862, while in 
 camp at Fort Porter. 
 
 His career as a soldier is fully recorded in the body of this work. 
 With the regiment, he passed through the ordeal of the Peninsula 
 campaign, did nobly at the battle of Fair Oaks, as well as in the 
 seven days' fight on the retreat to Harrison's Landing. While at 
 Gloucester Point, Va., he was commissioned captain, November 
 24th, 1862, and from that date to the time of his muster out, Jan- 
 uary 9th, 1865, he was known as the steady, firm, resolute and 
 courageous soldier. On Morris Island, at Walthall Junction, 
 Drury's Bluff,Bermuda*Hundred, Deep Bottom, Deep Run.FussilPs 
 Mills, Petersburg and on the Richmond front, Capt. Brunck fully 
 sustained his reputation as a tried and competent soldier. His 
 time of service having expired, he was ordered to Jamestown 
 Island, Virginia, in command of what remained of the original One 
 Hundredth Regiment, save the re-enlisted veterans. From thence 
 to Buffalo the detachment was sent, paid and mustered out, their 
 work having been well and nobly performed. 
 
 Captain Brunck remained in Buffalo until the summer of 1866, 
 when he received an appointment as second lieutenant in the 
 Fifteenth Regiment of United States Infantry, stationed at Fort 
 Morgan, Alabama. He was commissioned, March 5th, 1867, with 
 rank from 'July 28th, 1866. Shortly after the death of the first 
 lieutenant, from yellow fever, the Captain received from the War 
 Department an appointment as first lieutenant, dated October 7th, 
 1867, to take effect from the 27th day of August, 1867, subject to 
 the confirmation of the Senate. In one month from the date of 
 his appointment, November 7th, 1867, he, too, was a victim of 
 that scourge of the South, the yellow fever, and his career, so au- 
 spiciously commenced, was ended, a sad bereavement to his pa- 
 rents and friends, though softened by the knowledge that he had 
 ever served his country well. 
 
Appendix. 373 
 
 LIEUTENANT JOHN W. WILKESON, Jr., 
 
 AND BREVET CAPTAIN NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Lieut. Wilkeson was in command of Co. " K " at the battle of 
 " Pair Oaks," and with Col. Brown and Lieut. Kellogg, was killed 
 in the execution of that fatal order, which decimated the ranks of 
 the One Hundredth Regiment, and sent to prison, hospital and the 
 grave bo large a number, that the existence of what was once a 
 large and efficient regiment, was deemed precarious and uncertain. 
 The biographical history of this chivalric young officer has been 
 fully and ably set forth in an article that appeared in the columns 
 of the Commercial Advertiser, subsequent to the date of that tragedy, 
 of the 31st of May : 
 
 THE LATE LIEUT. WILKESON. 
 
 " How loved, bow valued once, avails thee not ; 
 To whom related, or by whom begot, — 
 A heap of duBt alone remains of thee, 
 'T is all thou art, and all the prond shall be." 
 
 ' Now cracks a noble heart. Good night, dear friend, 
 And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest. 
 
 "Lieut John W. Wilkeson, commanding Co. 'K,' One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment New York State Volunteers, was killed at the 
 battle of Pair Oaks, Va., while gallantly leading his company in 
 the foremost fight He died in the defence of his country, May 
 31st 1862. 
 
 " To those who were strangers to Lieut. Wilkeson, the above 
 simple announcement will speak more eloquently than measured 
 eulogy. To them we have nothing to say in addition. But to 
 those who knew and loved him, we feel that it will be grateful, we 
 know that it will be fitting in us, to pay to his memory the passing 
 tribute of affectionate regard. We have known him as boy and 
 man through his whole life, and were temporarily associated with 
 him upon the field. We came to know him well, and knowing, 
 loved him. Hence we feel impelled to record our feeble testimony 
 to his worth and virtues. 
 
 " Lieut Wilkeson was born in this city in August, 1834, and was 
 the eldest son of our fellow-townsman, John Wilkeson, Esq. He 
 
374 Appendix. 
 
 received his preliminary education at Phillips Academy, Andover, 
 Mass., and subsequently became a graduate of Union College. 
 He afterward engaged in the study of law, in this city, and after 
 his admission to the bar, removed to the city of New York, 
 and entered upon the practice of his profession. Upon the break- 
 ing out of the rebellion, he raised a company of Sappers and 
 Miners for Col. Baker's California Regiment. Upon ascertaining 
 that the company could not be accepted, as such, it was abandoned, 
 and Lieut. Wilkeson returned to this city and connected himself 
 with the One Hundredth Regiment, then being organized here, as 
 first lieutenant of Co. ' K.' He entered upon the discharge of his 
 duties, and continued to the moment of his death thoroughly im- 
 bued with a sense of the great responsibilities of his position, and 
 was untiring and assiduous in their performance. His labors in 
 this regard were rendered much more arduous, and at times almost 
 overwhelming, by the long-continued sickness and absence of the 
 other company officers. From the time the regiment'left this city, 
 till his death, he was almost constantly in command of his com- 
 pany, and for a time, was the only commissioned officer with it. 
 Though of slender frame, and apparently of feeble endurance, he 
 yet went successfully through the terrible marches and privations 
 which attended the advance to Richmond. Though suffering from 
 severe sickness, at one time fainting with exhaustion, at another 
 supported by his men at the head of his company, he managed to 
 keep with them, sustained, according to his own language, ' by a 
 determined will, necessity, quinine and God's grace.' 
 
 " Lieut. Wilkeson was the grandson of the late Hon. Samuel 
 Wilkeson, one of the founders of this city, and inherited many of 
 the remarkable mental characteristics of his grandfather. Like 
 him he was undemonstrative, intensely earnest and persistent in 
 everything he undertook. He acted almost entirely upon convic- 
 tions of duty, and not from impulse. Quiet and unobtrusive in his 
 manners, he was yet eminently genial, refined an* affectionate. 
 With strong likes and dislikes, he was at once a faithful friend and 
 a generous and forgiving enemy. In the daily walks of life he 
 was unusually exemplary without being ascetic or ostentatious. 
 
 " Lieut. Wilkeson was a patriotic and devoted soldier. He fought 
 for his country with the purest motives, and with an unfaltering 
 trust in God, which, we do not doubt, went tar toward making him 
 a perfectly brave man. In a recent letter to his brother— also in 
 
Appendix. 375 
 
 the army— he says, ' God our Father sparing us, trust in him. 
 Pray everywhere in a colloquial way. All our best friends have 
 gone before, or are fast going, and what matters it for them or us 
 how soon we go? It will be right, since it will be God's wiU, and 
 if I do not see you again here, we must meet in the spirit world.' 
 Again he said, ' We shall have fought hard before this reaches 
 you, and perhaps from the rolls of the 'Hundredth' my name will 
 be dropped. I hope so, rather than that I should fail to show 
 pluck and marked bravery. Pray that I may not fail.' His dead 
 body, now lying buried upon the field of battle, testifies mutely 
 that he did not fail, but possessed that rare, modest courage which 
 distrusts itself while it feels no fear. 
 
 " He has gone, and his gentle face and lion heart are turned from 
 us forever toward the infinite. The beauty of his life and the glory 
 of his death saall blend harmoniously, not only in making up the 
 record of his earthly fame, but in initiating a brighter glory in a 
 brighter world. He now walks amid the green pastures, by the 
 banks of the river of eternal life, side by side with the loved ones 
 who had gone before." 
 
 " The grave itself is but a covered bridge, 
 Leading from light to light through a brief darkness." 
 
 His motives for entering the service of his country are most gra- 
 phically, truthfully and tersely given in a letter to his brother, an 
 extract of which is here given : 
 
 "Imadenpmymindaftero»)I<2c2iA«n><ion,thatitwasinydu^togo. One fights 
 for a god-like principle. It is the blessed American liberty which was the fruit 
 of all time, painfully produced from the struggle — so long protracted — which 
 gave birth to Protestant freedom — later so nobly preserved and re-asserted by 
 our fathers, and which now meets its old, old enemy, Despotism, in its blackest 
 and most treacherous form. It must not perish, for it is the only hope for poor 
 humanity, whose despairing eye is on us — the only hope for the pure faith in 
 God's truths now threatened with a deadly eclipse. All this, and more, stands 
 threatened, shonld the damning slave despotism conquer us, for will not the 
 human intellect and our moral natures die without hope of resurrection ? So, 
 dear brother, we can, if needs, die for as precious truths as ever led martyrs to 
 a burning stake, and the man who dare not seal his faith with his blood, de- 
 serves not to have enjoyed these blood-bought favors of ours. We must all die 
 toon. There is no fear in death for the man who is true to his best impulses, 
 and never fails his country ; for God loves freedom, truth, and freemen; and 
 lighting for these, you fight his battles. He himself will place the laurel chap- 
 let on the faithful warrior's head. Sam., ' trust in God, and keep your powder 
 dry.' God bless you ; we may meet on the bloody field, or perchance not till 
 we rest from our labors ; in either case, all will be well." 
 
376 Appendix. 
 
 "What more need be said. The words from the pen of this early 
 martyr on the altar of country, -will live in the memory of all who 
 read, and his motives for bearing arms in defence of " father land" 
 will shine clearer and clearer upon the printed page, as the years 
 roll away, and these truths find lodgement in the hearts of the 
 saved youth of our blessed land. 
 
 LIEUTENANT CHARLES SEVERANCE PARNHAM. 
 
 BY MAJOB D. D. NASH. 
 
 Lieut. Farnham, the nephew and adopted son of Thomas Farn- 
 ham, Esq., of Buffalo, N. Y., was born in the village of Cazenovia, 
 Madison county, N. Y., May 29th, 1838. His father, a lawyer by 
 profession, died a* few months previous to his birth. His uncle, the 
 Hon. Luther Severance, an editor, representative in Congress from 
 Maine, and commissioner of the United States Government to the 
 Sandwich Islands, died within a few years subsequent to his birth, 
 which, added to the loss of an invaluable friend in the person of his 
 grandfather at the age of ten years, left young Farnham wholly 
 dependent upon his widowed mother. His grandfather, Col. Elisha 
 Farnham, was one of the pioneers of Madison county, and 
 served with a Madison county regiment at Sackett's Harbor, in the 
 war of 1812. After these sad losses, he removed with his mother to 
 Buffalo, N. Y., to reside with Thomas Farnham, by whom he was 
 adopted, being a prominent business man of the city. His uncle 
 with great liberality gave him the benefits of a preparatory and 
 collegiate education, and he graduated at Union College in 1859, 
 at the age of twenty-one years. He engaged with his foster father 
 in business, but still devoted his leisure hours to his favorite pur- 
 suits, chemistry, geology and mineralogy. Fired with patriotism, 
 he was ready to avenge the first insult upon our flag, and was only 
 deterred by the opposition of his friends, who knew his delicate 
 organization. Having finally overcome all this, he was commis- 
 sioned second lieutenant of Co. " A," One Hundredth New York 
 Volunteers, and detailed as aid to Gen. Scroggs, with whom he re- 
 mained at Fort Porter, until ordered to his regiment by Col. James 
 
Appendix. 377 
 
 M. Brown, March 22d, 1862, just as McClellan commenced his 
 memorable Peninsula campaign. He joined his company at 
 Washington, March 25th. Previous to his departure he was pre- 
 sented by the young men of Buffalo with a sword and sash, ac- 
 companied with a complimentary note, signed by the donors. 
 Soon after his arrival, the One Hundredth leaving, he joined the 
 regiment, and was taken slightly ill on the 9th of April, and on the 
 16th of April, a very warm day, he was compelled to fall out, Co. 
 "A" marching as advanced guard for twenty-two miles. From 
 that time he continued to grow worse, and the symptoms of that 
 terrible malady, the Peninsula fever, as it was called, exhibited 
 themselves. Although he received the best care his many friends 
 could bestow amid their oppressive duties, and under the disad- 
 vantages occasioned by the short-sighted management of the busi- 
 ness affairs of the army at that early period, which left us nearer 
 the point of starvation than ever after, still he continued to fail, 
 and when, May 5th, the regiment left camp to pursue the flying 
 enemy, it was thought his end was near, which occurred without a 
 struggle, on the 12th day of May at Yorktown, after his removal, 
 which could have been but Dry endured by one much less afflicted, 
 or in perfect health. His body, a few days afterward, was disin- 
 terred and brought to Buffalo, by his bereaved foster father, and 
 his heart-stricken mother, who had strained every nerve to reach 
 him in his sickness. Thus one martyr fell, the first sacrifice of 
 commissioned officers of the regiment, soon to be followed by 
 scores of men and officers. His country lost in him one of great 
 promise. Lieut. Farnham, cultivated, liberal and genial, with great 
 dignity of character, had endeared himself to all of our regiment, 
 and to hosts of friends and acquaintances in Buffalo, at school, at 
 the home of his mother in Syracuse and in his native village. The 
 " Tigers" of this city escorted his remains to the grave, where he 
 was followed by his relatives, to whom this loss was a most crush- 
 ing blow, and by one of the largest and most saddened concourses 
 the city beheld during the war. He was so anxious to have helped 
 to push forward to its final glorious triumph the cause of unity 
 and resistance to rebellion. To us, who heard of his death during 
 that terrible struggle of pushing the enemy through the swamps of 
 the Peninsula, the news occasioned a perfect heart chill, while we 
 wished that he could have fallen, if fall he must, in the fight, where 
 his tall form and brave heart would have been a tower of strength 
 
378 Appendix. 
 
 to the men, to whom he had become attached without effort, and 
 by whom his grave will be strewed by flowers, as long as life per- 
 mits the sad and friendly office. 
 
 LIEUTENANT SAMUEL S. KELLOGG. 
 
 Lieut. Kellogg came to Buffalo from the central part of New 
 York, and was engaged, previous to the study of the law, as a 
 teacher with marked success. In adopting Buffalo as his borne, 
 he entered the office of L. P. Perkins, Esq., where he pursued the 
 studies of his profession with a characteristic diligence evinced by 
 him in whatever he undertook. Up to the time of the organiza- 
 tion of the One Hundredth Regiment, Lieut. Kellogg had acquired 
 a respectable law practice ; but the needs of the government and 
 that patriotic fervor which controlled all temperaments similarly 
 organized, urged him into the service of his country. He was 
 commissioned as first lieutenant, February 7th, 1862, and became 
 identified with the fortunes of the One Hundredth. He encount- 
 ered with his fellow officers the exposures and deprivations of the 
 Peninsula campaign, and was able at the front to participate in that 
 fatal fray of Pair Oaks, and there seal his patriotism with his blood 
 with Col. Brown and Lieut Wilkeson, the first offering of the regi- 
 ment upon the altar of country. 
 
 Lieut. Kellogg, as a civilian, was regarded as a mind of more than 
 ordinary power, and would grasp with an intuitive quickness prin- 
 ciples which required long and severe study, often, when attempted 
 by ordinary minds. In common with hundreds and thousands, 
 he fell an early martyr to the cause of unity and a strong govern- 
 ment. His death at Seven Pines commenced and ended his mili- 
 tary career, short, brilliant and decisive. 
 
 LIEUTENANT RODNEY B. SMITH, Jb. 
 
 Lieut. Rodney B. Smith, Jr., was the son of Rodney B. Smith, of 
 Smith's Mills, Hanover, Chautauqua county, N. Y. His father 
 
Appendix. 379 
 
 being the main business man of the place, was engaged in mill- 
 ing, a store, farming and whatever stood incidentally connected 
 with any of the occupations mentioned. His son, Rodney B. Smith, 
 Jr., was a helper, a sort of general clerk, in whatever department 
 of his father's business his services were needed. The subject of 
 this sketch was born November 28th, 1839. He enlisted and was 
 commissioned as first lieutenant, February 7th, 1862, and assigned 
 to Co. " H." He is spoken of as a young man of promising ability 
 and had a large circle of friends and admirers as well as the many 
 personal associates of his youth. He had endured with remarkable 
 resistance the effects of the march along the Peninsula, had reached 
 and passed through the perilous time of the 31st of May, but was 
 obliged to give over to the power of the malarial fever, then pros- 
 trating so many strong and able bodies, rendering them unfit for 
 the duties of camp and army service. Lieut Smith, sick with fever, 
 was sent to Savage Station, and in the Tetreat from Bottom's 
 Bridge, and the execution of that order of Gen. McClellan's that 
 all ambulances should leave empty, and that all the sick that could 
 walk should make their way to the James river, it is supposed that 
 he, with others, had started, lost his way, and died from exposure, or 
 some other cause, as" he was never heard of after the movement 
 began. Like Col. Brown, his grave is unknown, which helped to 
 add to the thousands of " unknown and unmarked" graves through- 
 out the South. The memory of his youth and manhood are kept 
 fresh and green in the hearts of his friends, with the loyal thought 
 that he died for country, a sacrifice on its altar for unity and free- 
 dom. 
 
 ADJUTANT HERBERT H. HADDOCK. 
 
 Adjt. Haddock was born in the city of Buffalo, New York, July 
 8th, 1839, and attended our public schools. At the age of fifteen he 
 removed to Hudson, O., and enjoyed the advantages of the Wes- 
 tern Reserve College, until 1857, when he returned to Buffalo. At 
 the age of twenty he united with the North Presbyte/ian Church, 
 Dr. Chester being the pastor. Before enlisting as a volunteer, he 
 was employed as a book-keeper for C. P. Churchill, grorier of this 
 
380 Appendka. 
 
 city. Mr. Churchill says, that he was one of the most expert and 
 reliable clerks he has ever seen. He comprehended the details of 
 business with an accuracy and clearness which intimated a suc- 
 cessful future as a business man should his power be turned in that 
 direction. He entered the field as a soldier with the same enthusi- 
 asm that characterized him as a civilian. He was commissioned 
 second lieutenant, February 7th, 1862. He left the city with the 
 regiment, passed through the Peninsula campaign, and while the 
 One Hundredth Regiment lay at Gloucester Point he was commis- 
 sioned first lieutenant and adjutant, November 24th, 1862. At the 
 time of the departure of the regiment from Gloucester Point, the 
 last of December, for North Carolina, Adjt Haddock was sick with 
 typhoid fever and did not join the regiment till the following 
 March, at St. Helena island, where he relieved Lieut. Leopold 
 Evert, who had been acting as adjutant during his absence. He 
 entered upon the discharge of his duty with his usual vigor and in- 
 telligence, accompanied the regiment to Cole's and Folly islands, 
 then to the taking of Morris island, July 10th, and subsequently 
 with the regiment into the charge on "Wagner, July 18th, where he 
 was killed, closing his career as an efficient, courageous and es- 
 teemed soldier. He was missed at guard mounting, dress parade 
 and the adjutant's office. His military calls at officers' quarters, 
 and his daily passage through the company streets, was ever 
 hailed as an evidence of a " move," or some welcome or unwel- 
 come duty which had to be performed, with which the adjutant 
 was not associated as a cause but simply as an instrument of mili- 
 tary authority. His loss was keenly felt by officers and men, as 
 his rare qualifications fully capacitated him for the arduous duties 
 entrusted to his charge. 
 
 LIEUTENANT CHARLES H. RUNCKLE. 
 
 Lieutenant Runckle was of German descent. Military with him 
 was an enthusiasm. He was connected with the Sixty-fifth Regi- 
 ment of this city, and had many acquaintances. He recruited a 
 number of men, and with them, under promise of a commission, he 
 joined the One Hundredth Regiment. He enlisted as a private 
 September 15th, 1862. He was soon promoted to corporal. His 
 
Appendix. 381 
 
 commission was delayed till December 20th, 1862, when lie was 
 assigned to Co. " H." He was at Carolina City, Hilton Head, St. 
 Helena, Cole's and Folly islands, and accompanied the regiment in 
 the taking of Morris island, and was killed in the assault on Battery 
 Wagner, July 18th, 1863. Young and brave, with a limited ac- 
 quaintance in the regiment, he passed away, and with hundreds 
 will be remembered as one of the sacrificed in the attempt to take 
 by assault; a fort which proved an almost unyielding obstacle to 
 the advance of the National Army. 
 
 LIEUTENANT AZOR HILTON HOYT. 
 
 Lieut. Azor Hilton Hoyt was born in the city of New York, 
 October 14th, 1842, and was nearly nineteen years of age at the 
 time of his enlistment in the One Hundredth Regiment in this city. 
 An elaborate and amplified sketch of the life and merits of Lieut. 
 Hoyt has been kindly furnished us, and we are very sorry that we 
 can only find space for a few extracts, which will give our readers 
 a limited view of his character as a man and soldier. " He en- 
 listed as a private in Co. ' I,' One Hundredth Regiment N. Y. S. 
 Vols., but won his way, step by step, by constant devotion to the 
 service and by his undaunted courage. His was a mind of rare in- 
 tellectual endowments, acknowledged by all who had his personal 
 acquaintance. He was a vigorous writer and a close student. His 
 letters published in the Times, Tribune and other New York 
 papers, at various periods during the war, reveal a remarkable 
 power of description, a fine imagination and a cultivated mind. 
 He was a printer by profession, and among his comrades was re- 
 garded with honor and affection. In the regiment he won the love 
 of his fellow soldiers, which they testified by the presentation of a 
 sword and belt on the occasion of his promotion to a lieutenancy. 
 This presentation was accompanied by the gift of a beautiful and 
 costly sash by Thomas McElrath, Esq., of the New York Tribune. 
 Many friends in New York proposed to present him with a sword, 
 but their gift was pleasantly forestalled by the men of his own 
 company. He was a prisoner at Richmond, and spoke generously 
 of his captors, attributing their apparent cruelty rather to circum- 
 
382 Appendix. 
 
 stances than design. He was exchanged and returned to his 
 regiment." In a skirmish on the line in front of the works of Fort 
 Darling, May 14th, 1864, Lieut. Hoyt was wounded, from which he 
 died near the field of action, May 16th, and was borne by his com- 
 rades into camp and buried as described in the body of this work. 
 This closed the career of a young, hopeful and brilliant mind, an 
 early victim and a sacrifice upon the altar of country and glory. 
 
 LIEUTENANT CYRUS BROWN. 
 
 Of Lieut Brown we know but little. He was commissioned 
 December 23d, 1862, as second lieutenant He was a positive 
 character, and changed his ideas only when thoroughly convinced. 
 He was a firm and consistent patriot, a lover of right and a firm 
 advocate of suppressing rebellion by force of arms. He was 
 wounded in the charge on Wagner, July 18th, 1863, and died at 
 Port Schuyler, August 13th, 1863. His loss was sincerely felt by a 
 large circle of comrades. 
 
 LIEUTENANT JAMES H. FRENCH. 
 
 Lieut. French, before enlistment as a private soldier, had long 
 and successfully taught one of the public schools of this city. As 
 a teacher, he was competent, able and widely known among the 
 members of the profession. He was a disciplinarian of the first 
 rank, and managed children with a skill born of intuition and a 
 common-sense judgment. As a writer for the press, and as a re- 
 porter often of the deliberations of educational meetings, he was 
 terse, vigorous and comprehensive. Lieut. French enlisted in the 
 summer of 1862, August 4th, and joined the regiment at Gloucester 
 Point, Va. His enlistment was under the auspices of the Buf- 
 falo Board of Trade. For one year he served as a common 
 soldier, and did his duty nobly and manfully. At Carolina City, 
 Hilton Head, Cole's and Morris islands, he was ever the same duti- 
 
GUSTAVUS A.SCROGGS. 
 Bri| General U. S.Vols. 
 
Appendix. 383 
 
 ful, estimable and intelligent soldier. October 7th, 1863, he was 
 commissioned as second lieutenant, while the regiment was on 
 Morris island. As an officer, he was estimated more at his true 
 value. His literary ability as a private had no opportunity for 
 general advantage. He was complimented by the commander of 
 the " post" for an ably written defence of a fellow officer, who had 
 been unjustly arrested, in consequence of which the officer was 
 discharged. His company was sought for solid, social entertain- 
 ment Through the winter and spring on Morris island and with 
 the transfer of the regiment to Gloucester Point and to Bermuda 
 Hundred, and into the fight at Walthall Junction, and at Drury's 
 Bluff, where he was wounded on the morning of the 16th of May, 
 1864, Lieut. French was ever the same, valuable and patriotic officer. 
 He had fought his last battle. Being wounded in the leg, he was 
 taken prisoner, carried to Libby Prison, Richmond, where he suf- 
 fered amputation, from the effects of which he died, May 22d, 1864. 
 He had well represented his profession as a sterling, brave and 
 loyal soldier, and sealed his patriotism with his life. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 OB 1 SURVIVING OFFICERS OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT, OF 
 THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE AT THE ADOPTION 
 OF THE REGIMENT, WITH A SHORT SKETCH OF THE BOARD OF 
 TRADE OF BUFFALO FROM ITS ORIGES TO THE PRESENT. 
 
 BRIGADIER GENERAL GUSTAVUS A. SCROGGS. 
 
 Gen. Scroggs was born August 8th, 1820, in the village of Dar- 
 lington, Beaver county, Penn. He is of Scotch descent. His 
 father, Gen. John A. Scroggs, was also a native of Pennsylva- 
 nia, a prominent politician, member of the legislature several 
 times, candidate of his party for State Senator and Member of 
 Congress, held office of commissioner and prothohotary of Beaver 
 county, was brigadier general of militia, and by occupation a tan- 
 ner and farmer. 
 
384 Appendix. 
 
 In 1837 the subject of this sketch was an applicant for an ap- 
 pointment to West Point, and failed. In 1840 an appointment was 
 forwarded, but was declined In consequence of studies preparatory 
 to the study of law. Entered the office of the Hon. N. P. Fetter- 
 man, as a law student, at Beaver, Penn. Taught school at 
 times, and was admitted to practice law in 1844, and had fair suc- 
 cess. The loss of his father the same year left a mother and four 
 sisters dependent upon the energies of young Scroggs for support. 
 It was a hard struggle, as all young men know in like circum- 
 stances. Went to Newcastle, Mercer county, Penn., and practiced 
 law for two years. In November, 1848, came to Buffalo, N. Y., and 
 formed a law partnership with Hon. Benjamin H. Austin, where 
 he has resided ever since. 
 
 Politically Gen. Scroggs was ever strong anti-slavery. Origi- 
 nally a democrat, he became a member of the American party, 
 and was their candidate for lieutenant governor. In the union of 
 the American and republican parties in 1858, Gen. Scroggs was 
 elected sheriff of Erie county by a majority of four thousand five 
 hundred. As a delegate of the American party, at Baltimore, in 
 1860, he withdrew from the convention on the ground that the 
 nomination of Bell was in the interest of slavery, and supported 
 Lincoln and Hamlin, and has since acted uniformly with the re- 
 publican party. 
 
 His tastes were strongly military. Previous to coming to Buffalo 
 he had raised and commanded the " Washington Artillery," a com- 
 pany of uniformed militia, and also a like company at Newcastle, 
 till his leaving for Buffalo, in 1848. After his arrival in Buffalo, he 
 was elected Captain of Co. " B," Sixty-fifth Regiment New York 
 State Militia. In 1851 he was elected colonel of the same, and 
 subsequently brigadier general of the Thirty-first Brigade. Re- 
 mained in command of brigade till his election as sheriff of the 
 county. At the opening of the rebellion he published a call in the 
 newspapers of the city for a meeting to raise volunteers. As a re- 
 sult six companies were raised which helped to form the Twenty- 
 first Regiment New York State Volunteers. The remaining four 
 companies were mainly formed from the Seventy-fourth Regiment. 
 In August, 1861,he was authorized by the Secretary of War to 
 raise a brigade of four full regiments of volunteers, as stated in the 
 opening of this work. In July, 1862, he was appointed brigadier 
 general of volunteers, and was assigned„by order of the Secretary 
 
Appendix. 385 
 
 of War, in Special Orders, No. 155, War Department, July 7th, 1862, 
 to a command in Maj. Gen. Bank's army corps. He was not 
 confirmed as brigadier general. April 16th, 1863, he was appointed 
 provost marshal of the Thirtieth District of NewYork, comprising 
 Erie county, with headquarters at Buffalo. Organized the office 
 and made the first draft under great difficulties. Gen. Scroggs re- 
 signed the office of provost marshal to. accept the command of the 
 Twenty-fifth Regiment of United States colored troops, in the lat- 
 ter part of January, 1884 The object of the appointment is ex- 
 plained in the following letter : 
 
 " Executive Mansion, Washington, February 6th, 1864. 
 "Maj. Gen. N. P. Banks: 
 
 " The hearer. Gen. G. A. Scroggs, of Buffalo, has been appointed colonel of a 
 colored regiment, and is to report with it to you at New Orleans. The object 
 ef moving in this matter is to have Col. Scroggs sent by you, with hi6 regi- 
 ment, to Texas, charged to collect and organize the colored men of that State, it 
 being believed that such a nucleus as this regiment, and such au experienced 
 organizer of troops as Col. Scroggs has shown himself, will prove highly suc- 
 cessful. 1 hope this purpose will meet with your approval, and that, by such 
 orders as your judgment will dictate, you will put Col. S. in the way of exe- 
 cuting.his mission. 
 
 " Yours truly, 
 
 "A. LINCOLN." 
 
 Col. Scroggs arrived at New Orleans on the 5th of May, 1864, 
 and reported to Gen. Banks. About the time of his arrival at 
 New Orleans an order was issued withdrawing all our troops from 
 Texas, which rendered his mission impracticable. He remained 
 in command of his regiment until July 6th, 1864, when he re- 
 signed, and was honorably discharged from the service.. The with- 
 drawal of all troops from Texas defeated the object of the Presi- 
 dent, in his expectations that Col. Scroggs would organize the 
 colored men of that State into soldiers for the Union. Hence Col. 
 Scroggs found his regiment divided, doing garrison and other 
 duties, and himself detailed on a court martial, which accounts for 
 his resignation and discharge. November 25th, 1864, he was re- 
 appointed aa provost marshal ofthe Thirtieth District of New York, 
 and on the 31st of December, 1865, the war having closed, and in 
 consequence of the suspension of recruiting and drafting, he was 
 honorably discharged from the service of the United States. Gen. 
 Scroggs is still a resident of Buffalo, in the practice of his profes- 
 sion. Having acquitted himself successfully as a servant of the 
 government, he is now at the service of the people. 
 17 
 
386 Appendix. 
 
 BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL CALVIN N. OTIS, 
 
 AND LIEUTENANT COLONEL ONE HUNDREDTH NEW YOKE 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Col. Otis was born in Onondaga county, New York, June 23d, 
 1814 He lost his father at the early age of nine years. He emi- 
 grated to Ohio in 1822. His education was that of the common 
 school, and he attended not more than three months in a year. 
 
 The Colonel learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner, which 
 prepared him for the profession of an architect and designer. In 
 1846 he came to Buffalo and established himself, and succeeded as 
 an architect and builder. Deeply interested and filled with a love 
 for the beautiful in art, he applied himself, with steady study and 
 general reading, to acquire what knowledge is requisite to make a 
 successful and reputable designer. His work lately published illus- 
 trates the thoughtful student and his utilitarian method of search- 
 ing the history of the past to gain helps for the successful prose- 
 cution of so popular a profession as an architect at the present time. 
 
 The breaking out of the great civil war found him, like many 
 others, engaged in a successful business. He applied to Governer 
 Morgan to raise a corps of engineers, but learned that a sufficient 
 number of engineers were to attend each regiment, and hence a 
 distinct body of engineers was not needed. This was in May, 1861. 
 Then it was understood that two companies of engineers were to 
 be attached to each brigade, and Col. Otis was to have the charge 
 of those companies, in connection with the Eagle Brigade. This 
 order was also revoked, and then Gen. Scroggsgave the majority of 
 the One Hundredth to Col. Otis, which connected him with its in- 
 terests till his resignation. 
 
 Col. Otis was commissioned major, February 7th, 1862, and be- 
 came an active spirit, with the interests of the regiment deeply 
 fixed in his thoughts. The record of his services is given fully in 
 the body of the work. The Peninsula campaign constituted the 
 larger share of the Colonel's military experience. At Pair Oaks, 
 Bottom's Bridge, and wherever Naglee'srear guard was, there was 
 the One Hundredth and Maj. Otis, building redoubts and defend- 
 ing bridges, which saved McClellan's army. 
 
 The death of Col. Brown left Lieut. Col. Staunton and Otis to 
 perform the duties usually imposed upon a full staff of field ofli- 
 
Appendix. 387 
 
 ccrs. Gen. Otis was overtaxed, and felt heavily the imposition in 
 the retreat to the James river, Harrison's Landing and Gloucester 
 Point The arrival of Col. Dandy as commander of the regiment, 
 and resignation of Lieut. Col. Staunton, caused the promotion of 
 Gen. Otis, from major to lieutenant colonel. The commission was 
 dated October 21st, 1862, with rank from October 14th, 1862. The 
 senior captain of the line, D. D. Nash, was promoted to the 
 majority, date and rank of commission same as that of Col. Otis. 
 Gen. Otis was active in the construction of camp, and in the com- 
 mand of working parties upon the fortifications at Yorktown. He 
 commanded the regiment during our transfer to North Carolina, 
 and most of the time of its stay at Carolina City. Gen. Otis con- 
 tinued with the regiment at St. Helena, 8. C, on board trans- 
 port, and the landing on Cole's island. He was in command 
 on the night of the 5th of April, when Folly island was taken, and 
 did regular service till his resignation and discharge, June 20th, 
 1863. Each soldier felt that they had lost a real friend, one whose 
 every act was an intent for the highest good of every man in 
 the regiment. Gen. Otis was breveted brigadier general for meri- 
 torious service. He returned to Buffalo, completed and brought out 
 a valuable and comprehensive work on " Art," and has lately pur- 
 chased a residence in Cuba, in this State, where, with an aged 
 mother and a sister he is living, having done what he could for his 
 country in her hour of peril, besides contributing valuable truths 
 for the members of his profession. 
 
 MAJOR DANIEL D. NASH. 
 
 Maj. Daniel D. Nash was the son of John F. Nash, youngest son 
 of the Rev. Daniel Nash, known as Father Nash, of Cooperstown, 
 Otsego county, N. Y. He was born April 16th, 1839, in Coopers- 
 town, N. Y. He lost his parents at the early age of two 
 years, and was adopted by his uncle, Dr. Daniel Nash, then a resi- 
 dent of Springville, Erie county, where the Major lived till 1856. 
 Having attended the Springville Academy for eight years, he left 
 and continued his studies at Fort Edward Collegiate Institute, 
 then and now under the able management of President Joseph E. 
 
388 Appendix. 
 
 King, where he remained two years. Then the Major went to 
 Iowa, and from there to the then territory of Nebraska. After a 
 stay of two years, employed in teaching, surveying, farming and 
 locating land, he returned, on account of the increasing disability 
 of his parents, to Springville, and entered the law office of Judge 
 Morris Fosdick, where he remained until the breaking out of the 
 rebellion. 
 
 He recruited the first company toward the Eagle Brigade, 
 which was afterward known as Co. " A," of the One Hundredth 
 Regiment. His success gave the first emotions of cheer to Gen. 
 Scroggs, after his issues of authority to recruit to Maj. Nash and 
 others. The popularity of Maj. Nash among his friends and asso- 
 ciates, in the town of Springville and vicinity, enabled him to fill 
 at once his company, and report to Gen. Scroggs, in Buffalo, for 
 orders. Hence Maj. Nash became the ranking officer of the line. 
 Though young in years, his tall and commanding form gave evi- 
 dence of strength and endurance, the essential requisites of a 
 soldier. His experience on the Peninsula was his first tuition as a 
 soldier. He, too, went into that terrible fight of the 31st of May, 
 * at Fair Oaks, and was wounded through the arm, sending him to 
 the hospital and at home for many months. Col. Brown having 
 been slain, and Lieut Col. Staunton resigned, promotions were in 
 order. Capt. Nash was commissioned major, October 21st, 1862, 
 with rank from October 14th, 1862, vice Major C. N. Otis, promoted 
 to lieutenant colonel. Maj. Nash rejoined the regiment at Glou- 
 cester Point, Va. At Carolina City, Hilton Head, St. Helena, Cole's 
 and Folly islands, Maj. Nash was ever ready to perform his share 
 of duty. Subsequent to the resignation of Col. Otis, in June, the 
 duties of the Major were increased. The building of batteries at 
 the north end of Folly, under Col. Dandy, and the preparations for 
 the assault of Morris island, the assault and the charge on Battery 
 Wagner, these added to the labors of Maj. Nash daily. In the 
 charge on Wagner he was wounded through the leg, after the most 
 determined efforts to take and hold the parapets of that fiercely 
 defended work. With many other persistent and courageous offi- 
 cers he fell, but was borne away and saved from the hands of the 
 enemy, and a life in a southern prison. After months of suffering 
 he came to the regiment in November, while encamped on the 
 south end of Morris island. During the absence of Col. Dandy, at 
 Buffalo, on recruiting service, Maj. Nash was in command, the 
 
Appendix. 389 
 
 only field officer of the regiment. The interests of the regiment 
 were well subserved. Though Capt. L. S.Payne had been recom- 
 mended as lieutenant colonel of the regiment, then a prisoner at 
 Columbia, 8. C, yet it was well known that the chivalrous Captain 
 would not have allowed himself to supplant the next ranking offi- 
 cer in the field, and that Maj. Nash would have had his rightful 
 position, due him from service and wounds. 
 
 At Gloucester Point, Va., Col. Dandy assumed command, and 
 Maj. Nash went into the fight at Walthall Junction, for which he 
 was again complimented by the colonel commanding. In the 
 struggles on the Bermuda front, in that storm of iron hail at 
 Drury's Bluff, in the taking of Deep Bottom, the battles of Deep 
 Run, Fussill's Mills, and the month's siege before Petersburg, where 
 Maj. Nash was in command of the regiment, as well as in the 
 taking of the first line of works before Richmond, September 29th, 
 and the assault of the rebels on the morning of October 7th, on the 
 Newmarket road; in all these noted and historical places Maj. 
 Nash was ever present, and active in the performance of duty. 
 Pull particulars of his services are noted in their order throughout 
 this work. Wonderful it always seemed, that his large figure, so 
 conspicuous as a target for the enemy, was not laid low in death, 
 while so many less prominent were taken as the victims of san- 
 guinary war. 
 
 Maj. Nash was honorably discharged, October 21st, 1864, after a 
 service of over .three years, with the record of a soldier who had 
 served his country well, and sprinkled its altar with his blood. 
 Subsequent to his discharge he came to Buffalo, and completed a 
 course of study at law, was admitted to practice, and is now assist- 
 ant district attorney of Erie county, which duty he is said to per- 
 form with ability and success. 
 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL LEWIS S. PAYNE, 
 
 THE SCOOT OP THE ONE HUNDREDTH KEGIMENT. 
 
 Col. Payne was born in the town of Riga, Monroe county, N. 
 Y. in 1819. His home is in Tonawanda, town of Wheatland, 
 
390 Appendix. 
 
 Niagara county, N. Y. As boy and man he was successful in 
 business. As the highest civil officer of the town in which he 
 resides, and as collector of tolls, and county clerk of the county, 
 Col. Payne ever illustrated the shrewd and practical civilian. 
 
 In the fall of 1860 he raised a company of volunteers, which 
 formed a part of the One Hundredth Begiment, known as Co. " D." 
 With the regiment and his company he went through the Penin- 
 sula campaign, participating in all the battles and enduring all the 
 privations incident to that noted campaign. His peculiar qualifi- 
 cations as scout began to be known, and his services were occasion- 
 ally called into requisition before leaving Gloucester Point, Ya., 
 for the South, where full play was offered for his remarkable 
 characteristic. 
 
 In the advance of the One Hundredth Regiment upon Cole's 
 island, Col. Payne began his " outside life," as the medium of know- 
 ledge between the enemy and our forces. It was from this point 
 that he made his many bold and daring expeditions, learning the 
 whole nature of the country, the positions, situation and strength 
 of the enemy in their various localities and stations. On the nights 
 of the 5th and 6th of April, 1863, he led the advance, as scout, up 
 Polly island, under Gen. Seymour, to support the attack of Ad- 
 miral Dupont on Fort Sumter, made with his iron monitors on the 
 7th of April, 1863. On the 10th of July he piloted and conducted 
 our forces to the point of attack, and was first in the engagement. 
 They carried and took possession of the south end of Morris is- 
 land, 'and soon after he, with his company, succeeded in reaching 
 and burning the steamer Manigault, in Charleston harbor, engaged 
 in supplying Sumter, Moultrie, Battery Wagner and Cummings' 
 Point. 
 
 Previous to the disposition of the necessary forces for an as- 
 sault upon Morris island, Col. Payne had given his opinion of the 
 number of rebel troops upon the island. Gens. Gilmore, Strong 
 and Seymour could not credit his statement. As proof, he visited 
 the island, counted their tents, leaving the estimate to the general 
 in command. From this, more than a thousand men were added 
 to the assaulting force. Col. Payne's statements thereafter were 
 taken as facts, as near as facts could be obtained. Gen. Gilmore, 
 over his signature, gave Col. Payne power to call for all the men 
 he needed and turned over to him the whole picket line of ten 
 miles, extending the length of Folly and Morris islands. Officers 
 
Appendix. 391 
 
 that outranked him were chagrined to learn that all reports were 
 to be made to him, and not to Gen. Gilmore's headquarters. Capt. 
 Payne and Co. " D" were the advanced guard, living in boats in 
 the marshes, between the opposing armies. 
 
 On the night of the 3d of August, 1863, while engaged in inter- 
 cepting communications of the enemy with Fort Sumter and other 
 points, he was attacked by a superior force, and, after a most des- 
 perate engagement, he was wounded and take j prisoner. He was 
 confined in Queen Street Hospital, Charleston, until health per- 
 mitted his removal to Columbia, where he was kept in close con- 
 finement until the 14th of February, 1865, when he was, with 
 others, moved North for exchange. On the 5th of March, 1865, he 
 was exchanged, reaching home on the 1st of April, after an ab- 
 sence of three years and three months. 
 
 The annexed commendatory notices in the New South, printed 
 at Hilton Head, S. C, New York Tribune and other sources, 
 will convey to the reader some little idea of the valuable services 
 rendered the army by Col. Payne previous to his capture. The 
 New Smith said after his capture : 
 
 " The loss of Capt. Payne at any time would be a serious one, bat at this 
 juncture it is greatly to be regretted. 
 
 " He was a brave, skillful and shrewd officer, and the very best scont in the 
 department. A narrative of all the dangerous sconts he has been on while his 
 regiment has been in this State would fill a volume. We hope if alive he will 
 Boon be exchanged. 
 
 " It appears Capt. Payne was recommended for promotion to lieutenant colonel 
 by Gen. Gilmore, previous to his capture, but entirely unknown to him. Lieut. 
 Newell, bis first lieutenant, was afterward promoted to captain in his place, 
 and an effort was made to get Capt. Payne mastered in, in his absence, in order 
 to give place to Lieut. Newell in his own company. The following is Gen. 
 Terry's indorsement of the application : 
 
 'Headcjuabtiks IT. S. Forces, 1 
 
 'Mourns Islaitd, S. C, November 27, 1863. | 
 ' Itespectfolly forwarded, with the suggestion that an order might be ob- 
 tained from the Wir Department to master Capt. L. S. Payne as lieutenant 
 colonel, notwithstanding his absence. Capt. Payne's character as an officer, 
 and his valuable services, entitle him to the promotion which he has received, 
 and to any indulgence which can be shown him. 
 
 'A. H. TERRY, 
 
 ' Brig. Gen. Commanding.' " 
 
 "Extract from Col. G. B. Dandy's address and report before the Board of 
 Trade, of Buffalo, published in the Buffalo Commsrcial Advertiser, January 6th, 
 1864: 
 
 ' From North Carolina the regiment (One Hundredth Naw York Volunteers. 
 Col. G. B. Dandy) proceeded to St. Helena island, S. C, and on the xli of 
 
392 Appendix. 
 
 March I was to proceed with it and Feizc Cole's island, preliminary to (ho re- 
 cent operations belore Charleston. Here Tie nmained eleven days without 
 support, and in fight of the enemy's pickets, and it is appropriate at this time 
 that I Bhould mention the valuable services of Capt. Payne, who at great risks 
 went out daily with a few of his men and always brought hack valuable infor- 
 mation of the nature of country and the position and force of the enemy's out- 
 posts. I was by this means enabled to add to the charts furnished by the navy, 
 and to give valuable information to the general, who came up with reinforce- 
 ments and succeeded me in command.' " 
 
 " Extract from a letter of Chaplain Linn, of the One Hundredth Regiment New 
 York Volunteers, to the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, dated Morris island, 
 August 1st, 1863, and published : 
 
 ' His (Capt. Payne's) services being so valuable, Gen. Gilmore has retained 
 him and his company for special duty since our being on this island, and here 
 let me say that a greater part of our success in taking Morris island was owing 
 to the very valuable information which be was able to give the geneial com- 
 manding in regard to the position, force, etc., of the enemy.' " 
 
 " How well Capt. Payne performed his duty can be seen by an extract from a 
 report of Gen. Vogdes, to headquarters, who was in command on Folly island 
 previous to the arrival of Gen. Gilmore: 
 
 ' During my period of command I have been greatly assisted by Capt. Payne, 
 One Hundredth New York Volunteers, in collecting very valuable information 
 as to the enemy's position, etc., and I take great pleasure in recommending him 
 to the favorable consideration of the general commanding.' " 
 
 "In a letter to the Washington Chronicle, dated Morris island, August fith, 
 1863, after giving au account of his capture, etc., it then says : 
 
 ' Capt. Payne's loss is deeply felt. He was one of the most valuable men in 
 the Department (of the South) as a scout.' " 
 
 " The following ib copied from a rebel paper, the Charleston Mercury, while 
 Capt. Payne was a prisoner in Queen Street Hospital, Charleston, and was the 
 cause of his being placed in close confinement, and not exchanged : 
 
 'Ah Important Catttjee.— It seems that the Capt. Payne, who with his 
 boat's crew was captured on Tuesday night, is a scout of some note and dash 
 among the enemy.' " 
 
 " The New York BeralcTs correspondent thus notices his services : 
 
 'It is not improper now to mention the distinguished services of one of the 
 most skillful scouts our army affords. Capt. L. S. Payne, of the One Hundredth 
 New York Volunteers, scouted all around Morris island and landed in several 
 places. He seems to have a faculty of knowing just where all the enemy's 
 pickets and troops are ; his life is evidently charmed, as he has been fired on 
 many times at very short range. He has command of all our picket lines.' " 
 
 "Extract from a letter written to, and published in the New York Tribune, 
 dated at Morris island, S. C, August 15th, 1863 : 
 
 'In my last I mentioned the capture of Capt. Payne, a valuable scout, who 
 through this campaign has been of great service to Gen. Gilmore, in obtaining 
 accurate information of the enemy's movements. The loss of Capt. Payne at 
 any time would have been a serious one, but at this time it is almost irreparable. 
 He was a brave, skillful and shrewd officer, and the very best scout in this de- 
 partment. A narrative of all the dangerous scout she has been on in this State 
 would fill a volume.' " 
 
 Did space permit, we could add largely lo the favorable notices 
 of Col. Payne, but from the matter here presented the people ot 
 
Appendix. 393 
 
 Erie county and Western New York can form some little knowl- 
 edge of the One Hundredth Regiment and its extraordinary ser- 
 vices, through its representative, the fearless and intrepid Col. 
 Lewis S. Payne. 
 
 BREVET COLONEL WARREN GRANGER, Jk. 
 
 Lieut Col. Granger was born on the 19th of January, 1843, in 
 the city of Buffalo, Erie county, State of New York. He received 
 the greater part of his education at the school of the Rev. J. H. 
 Brayton, Painesville, O. • He returned to Buffalo, and at the age 
 of seventeen commenced the study of surveying, under the instruc- 
 tion of Peter Emslie, then city surveyor. He remained in his 
 office until the commencement of the organization of the One 
 Hundredth Regiment. Col. Granger was commissioned second 
 lieutenant, February 7th, 1862. Young, ardent and patriotic, he 
 entered into the spirit and detail of military with a resolution to 
 master, as far as opportunity offered, the necessary knowledge for 
 instant and active service. He endured with remarkable success 
 the sufferings of the Peninsula campaign, and went into the fight 
 at Seven Pines with an enthusiasm born of devotion to the right 
 and opposition to the wrong. 
 
 The untimely death of Lieut. Wilkeson, and the absence and 
 subsequent resignation of Capt. Henshaw, left the company to the 
 care of the youthful, though efficient lieutenant. He was pro- 
 moted to first lieutenant, June 20th, 1862, and to captain, August 
 13th, 1862, being the youngest appointment to a captaincy from 
 the State. With a largely recruited company he successfully held 
 command to Carolina City, N. C, to St. Helena, Cole's, Folly and 
 Morris islands, where on the eve of the 18th of July, on Morris is- 
 land, with the regiment, he went into the charge on Wagner, was 
 wounded and sent to Beaufort, thence North to Biker's island in 
 command of recruits, their reception and transportation to differ- 
 ent departments of the army, where he remained till the following 
 June, leaving the company for nearly a year in the charge of Lieut 
 Stowits, Lieut. Sheffer having resigned. June 21st, made the 
 charge on the Grover House, driving the rebels from the position, 
 for which he was complimented; and subsequently, in July, made 
 17* 
 
894 Appendix. 
 
 another charge, an attempt to take and hold the Phillips house, in 
 advance of the Grover House, both times accompanied by Lieut. 
 Stowits, and on each occasion with but slight loss. August 14th, 
 after the charge on the four-gun battery, near Deep Bottom, Col. 
 Granger was detailed to haul away and secure the guns, which was 
 done during a severe rain storm, with much labor and exposure. 
 
 August 16th, with the regiment, he went into the charge on the 
 enemy's right at Fussill's Mills, and was taken prisoner, suffering 
 with a varied experience the routine of southern barbarity and 
 wickedness. He was exchanged, commissioned as lieutenant 
 colonel, May 11th, 1865, and joined the regiment as its commander 
 at Richmond, the last of May, and continued with it until its mus- 
 ter out, the last of August When at Albany he was breveted 
 colonel for gallantry and honorable service during the war. 
 
 At the present time he is a resident of St. Paul, Minn., engaged 
 in trade, infused with that same spirit of enterprizing zeal which 
 ever characterized him as an officer and soldier in the service of 
 his country. 
 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL CHARLES E. WALBRIDGE. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Walbridge is the son of the late George B. Walbridge^ 
 a well known merchant and forwarder of this city, who dieg in 
 1852. Col. Walbridge joined the One Hundredth Regiment at its 
 organization, in September, 1861, as second lieutenant of Co. " H." 
 On the 17th of May, 1862, while the regiment was at New Kent 
 Court House, on its march up the Peninsula, he was detailed as act- 
 ing regimental quartermaster, and continued on this duty until 
 taken sick at Harrison's Landing, in August, when he was sent to 
 hospital at Point Lookout, Maryland. On his return to the regi- 
 ment, in October, he assumed command of the company, Capt 
 Dye being absent on recruiting service at Buffalo. He was com- 
 missioned first lieutenant, December 10, 1862. While the regi- 
 ment camped at Gloucester Point, and when on picket, Lieut. 
 Walbridge had correspondence with a Union man without the lines 
 and across Sara's creek, who desired to come within the lines and 
 go North. Col. Davis, in command of the post, after Lieut. Wal- 
 bridge, with private Bishop, had a second interview, detailed 
 
Appendix. 395 
 
 two companies of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers to accompany and guard the man, family and effects, 
 into the Union camp, from which he went North rejoicing. Lieut. 
 Walbridge managed the affair with secrecy and success. 
 
 "When the regimentmoved to North Carolina and was encamped 
 at Carolina City, Lieut. Walbridge was detailed as acting quarter- 
 master of the One Hundredth, by Lieut. Col. Otis, then in com- 
 mand; but in a few days afterward was detailed as brigade 
 quartermaster on the staff of W. W. H. Davis, colonel command- 
 ing brigade, and served in that capacity until the One Hundredth 
 led off in the advance on Charleston, when he was relieved at his 
 own request, and again assumed command of his company, having 
 been commissioned captain with rank from February 26th, 1863. 
 Co. " H," of which he was in command, was the advance picket on 
 the evening of the 6th of April, and held it till after the bombard- 
 ment of Sumter, on the 7th of April, 1863. In June, while the 
 regiment was encamped on the south end of Folly island, he was 
 detailed as chief quartermaster of the district of the Stono by Gen. 
 Vogdjss, commanding the forces on Folly island, and never after 
 joined his company. In November, 1864, he was commissioned 
 as assistant quartermaster of volunteers, with the rank of captain. 
 After nearly a year's service on Folly island, during the assault on 
 Morris island, charges and siege of Wagner, taking of both Wag- 
 ner and Gregg, and occupation of Morris island, and rebuilding of 
 the forts and construction of additional works, all of which was 
 accomplished by the aid of material furnished by Capt. Walbridge 
 as quartermaster in charge of transportation and supplies for the 
 army of operation on Morris island, he joined Gen. Seymour in 
 Florida, in February, 1865, and acted as quartermaster of that 
 district until the movement of the Tenth Army Corps to Virginia, 
 when he was ordered to Gloucester Point to take charge of the 
 disembarkation, and subsequent re-embarkation of the corps in 
 ilie expedition under Gen. Butler. After the movement up the 
 James, and the landing of the troops, he was assigned to duty as 
 depot quartermaster of the Army of the James, and in this capa- 
 city had control of the depot at Bermuda Hundred for nearly a year. 
 January 1st, 1865, he was breveted major. In March he'was or- 
 dered to report to Maj. Gen. Terry, in North Carolina, and was 
 assigned to duty as chief.quartermaster of the Tenth Army Corps, 
 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Remained on this duty until 
 
396 Appendix. 
 
 the corps organizations were dissolved, after the expiration of the 
 war, and resigned October 1st, 1865. Perhaps we could not con- 
 vey a clear idea to a civilian of the arduous and incessant duties of 
 quartermaster at the various points mentioned, hut to the experi- 
 enced soldier there is no necessity of explanation. 
 
 MAJOE GEORGE H. STOWITS. 
 
 Major Stowits was horn in Montgomery county, in the valley of 
 the Mohawk, November 10th, 1822. He is of German and Irish 
 descent. He is self educated, being orphaned at an early age, and 
 a teacher by profession. During the years of 1850, '51 and '52, he 
 pursued the elementary study of law, in the office of Arphaxed 
 Loomis, Esq., Little Falls, N. T. The practice of law was not in 
 accordance with his tastes, and hence he devoted himself exclu- 
 sively to the profession of teaching. In 1856, while teaching at 
 Waterford, N. Y., he visited the schools of England, Ireland and 
 Scotland, and became deeply interested in the free school law, 
 now so heartily accepted by the people of the Empire State. 
 Through the recommendation of the late Victor M. Rice and others, 
 he came to Buffalo January 1st, 1861, as principal of Public School 
 No. 10; appointed by Sandford B. Hunt, Esq., superintendent of 
 schools. The call of Supt. Hunt was short : " No. 10 is yours. Gome 
 and take it." He came and took it, and, it is said, succeeded. As the 
 fact of a civil war seemed certain, Maj. Stowits, with Samuel Slade, 
 N. G. Benedict, P. Edwin Dye, and other teachers of the city, 
 joined a military company for drill, under the direction of Capt. 
 Carlin, of the United States Army, who subsequently became a 
 major general, and served under Sherman in his campaigns and 
 march to the sea. The Major resolved to add one more gun to the, 
 strength of the national army. He enlisted as a private, August '29th, 
 1862, and joined the One Hundredth Regiment, then stationed at 
 Gloucester Point, Va. For a few weeks previous to leaving the 
 city he'attended a number of war meetings, and helped to arouse 
 the people to the needs of the nation. After reaching the regiment 
 he was assigned to Co. " H," Capt. P. Edwin Dye, formerly princi- 
 pal of Public School No. 16 of this city, who was then absent from 
 
Appendix. 397 
 
 his company, which was commanded by Lieut. Charles E. Wal- 
 bridge. 
 
 He was appointed orderly sergeant of Co. " H," December 4th, 
 1862, to rank from September 6th, 1862. He was commissioned 
 second lieutenant April 18th, 1863, which fact becoming known to 
 the teachers of Buffalo, he was duly presented with a complete 
 outfit, as an officer; for which he responded in terms both 
 grateful and appreciative. October 7th, 1863, he was commissioned 
 first lieutenant, and in December accompanied Col. Dandy to Buf- 
 falo from Morris island on recruiting service. Having been as- 
 signed to Co. " K,"' commanded by Capt. Granger, he had charge 
 of the company for most of the year, during the siege of Wagner, 
 its reduction, the building of the forts, transfer to Virginia, battle 
 of Walthall Junction and Drury's Bluff. In June and July, 1864, 
 he accompanied Capt. Granger in the charges on the Grover and 
 Phillips houses in front of the works at Deep Bottom. In August 
 he was assigned to the command of Co. " A," and went into the 
 charge with the regiment on a four-gun battery, August 14th, and 
 also that fearful and disastrous assault on the enemy's works at 
 Fussill's Mills, August 16th ; and was left to hold the picket line, 
 with orders " till overwhelmed" and for three hours held it, while 
 the main body of the corps was miles away. The Major served 
 a month with the regiment in the trenches before Petersburg, and 
 had charge of the skirmish line when assaulted by the enemy, Oc- 
 tober 7th, 1864, on the north side of the James river, near the 
 Newmarket road. He was detailed acting assistant adjutant gen- 
 eral, October 26th, on the staff of Col. H. M, Plaisted, commanding 
 the brigade, and was wounded through the right arm in an ad- 
 vance on the rebel works, October 27th, in front of Richmond, and 
 sent to hospital at Fortress Monroe. He was commissioned cap- 
 tain, Nov. 19th, 1864. He returned to duty December 16th, and 
 continued at brigade headquarters till the close of the war. He 
 was in the last fight of the First Division, Third Brigade, Twenty- 
 fourth Army Corps, at Appomattox Court House, Col. G. B. Dandy 
 commanding brigade. He was in command of the line, under the 
 directions of Col. Dandy, in the assault of the enemy and then- 
 repulse at Hatcher's Run, on the morning of April 1st, and 
 wa9 in the charge of Fort Grigg, Sunday, April 2d, 1865, 
 when the brave and chivalrous Maj. Dandy gave his life for 
 the entity of the Republic. He returned with the army to Rich- 
 
398 Appendix. 
 
 mond, and was commissioned major May 31st, 1865; resigned 
 in June, and left for Buffalo and the resumption of a teacher's work. 
 These are military facts. For himself as a civilian he is not al- 
 lowed to speak. 
 
 LIEUTENANT GEORGE G. BARNUM, Jit., 
 
 QUARTERMASTER AMD BREVET CAPTIAN OF ONE HUNDREDTH 
 NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Lieut Barnum was born in the city of Buffalo, October 1st, 1843. 
 His father, George G. Barnum, has long been known as a grocer 
 and merchant of integrity, and his zeal in the cause of the unity of 
 government and the extinguishment of rebellion needs no com- 
 ment here. Lieut Barnum was educated in the public schools of 
 Buffalo, and, full of the spirit of patriotism, enlisted at the age of 
 nineteen, September 1st, 1862. Under the auspices of the Board 
 of Trade he joined the One Hundredth Regiment, and was assigned 
 to Co. " H," Capt. P. Edwin Dye. At this time the regiment was 
 camped at Gloucester Point, Va. For the first seven months 
 of his career as a soldier, Lieut. Barnum gave no certain proofs of 
 the rare business qualifications he possessed. In common with 
 all, his duty, as one of the rank and file, was always faithfully per- 
 formed. However, during these months his liberal and generous 
 spirit was well known among his fellow soldiers. Hia patriotic 
 father and loyal mother were ever sending to their absent son 
 many things not known in the list of soldiers' rations, and Lieut. 
 Barnum never seemed fully pleased till his friends shared his boun- 
 ties. The writer has often been a thankful recipient of substantial 
 favors at his hands. His regular mail of newspapers, supplied by 
 his father, was eagerly sought, and enjoyed by many. As soon as 
 the regiment was encamped on Folly island, and Capt. Brown was 
 detailed as acting quartermaster, knowing the father of Lieut Bar- 
 num, and the opportunities of his son for a business education, sent 
 his name to the colonel commanding for detail as clerk and assist- 
 ant. From that hour his energy was felt throughout the regi- 
 ment ; soon he was made quartermaster sergeant, and during the 
 fall and winter on Morris island his duties, in consequence of the 
 ill health of Capt. Brown, were those of quartermaster as well as 
 
Appendix. 399 
 
 quartermaster sergeant. He comprehended all, and his celerity 
 and success in the issues of clothing and camp equipage, became 
 proverbial, coupled with an accuracy rarely ever questioned. He 
 was often three in one, such was and is the power he possesses as a 
 natural business man. April 14th, 1864, he was commissioned as 
 second lieutenant, and subsequently assigned to Co. " G." He was 
 in command of his company on the night of the 1st of June, on 
 the Bermuda front, when the whole line, from dark till daylight, 
 kept up one sheet of flame, that the rebels might not get possession 
 of our rifle pits. But his qualifications as a natural quartermaster 
 were known, as Col. Walbridge's became known, and hence he was 
 called to assume its duties, as Capt Brown had resigned and gone 
 North. At times, he was both adjutant and quartermaster. Octo- 
 ber 3d, 1864, he was commissioned first lieutenant and quarter- 
 master, and continued to hold and discharge the duties of that 
 office, and that to, under the orders of a colonel whose military 
 culture as a quartermaster in the regular army was known to be 
 good, until the regiment was mustered out, August 28th, 1865. 
 
 Both the officers and men of the regiment felt that their inter- 
 ests were always safe in the hands of the young and trusty quar- 
 termaster. Whether in obtaining supplies, or expressing their 
 money to their friends at home, in the discharge of any duty, it 
 was known that if the duty came within the range of possibilities, 
 it was done to the satisfaction of all interested. Cool, clear-headed, 
 prompt, vigilant and decisive, he was ever the courteous gentle- 
 man, and the obedient soldier. He is now a citizen of DuLuth, a 
 book-keeper and paymaster on the St. Paul and Superior Railway. 
 Now, as he was wont to do in the army, he can and will perform 
 the labor of three ordinary men. That the loyal and successful 
 soldier will succeed in whatever he undertakes, is the wish of those 
 who knew him at the front as well as those who knew him in civil 
 life. The One Hundredth Regiment has the honor of producing 
 two able and efficient quartermasters, Lieut. Col. Charles E. Wal- 
 bridge and Brevet Capt. George G. Barnum. 
 
 CAPTAIN OSCAR F. RICHARDS. 
 
 Capt. Richards was born in Champion, Jefferson county, Octo- 
 ber 28th, 1834. Previous to the rebellion he was a resident of 
 
400 Appendix. 
 
 Clarence, Erie county, though he had resided with his uncle, Dr. 
 A. N. Henderson, of Buffalo, and had been in the employ of Mr. 
 O. E. Sibley, jeweller in this city. He had learned the trade of a 
 blacksmith, having a taste for mechanics. It was not surprising 
 that the enthusiasm which was felt at the opening of the rebellion 
 should have influenced Capt. Richards, and induced him to enlist as 
 a soldier, and unite his fate with that of the One Hundredth Regi- 
 ment He was assigned to Co. " G," Capt. Hinson, and was sub- 
 sequently promoted to corporal, and continued in the active dis- 
 charge of his duties up to the 31st of May, when, in that bloody 
 struggle at Pair Oaks, he was shot, the ball passing into the right 
 eye and coming out behind the ear, carrying the eye with it. At 
 his fall he was supposed killed, but he subsequently walked four 
 miles and lay upon the ground all night. His recovery from such 
 a wound, under the circumstances, was marvelous. He had done 
 all that he could for his country, save giving his life, and was dis- 
 charged the service. Though disabled in the loss of so valuable a 
 member as the eye, Capt. Richards fails not to keep up his interest 
 in the progress of military affairs. We must not neglect to state 
 that succeeding the recovery of Capt. Richards his many friends 
 of Clarence, through the Rev. Mr. Ballou, presented him with a valu- 
 able suit of clothing and other comforts, as a grateful testimonial 
 for his patriotic services, and their hearty thankfulness for his res- 
 toration to comparative health when apparently near the shades of 
 death. The address was full of kind and feeling sentiments, and 
 the response of the Rev. Mr. Bartlett, of Clarence, for Capt. Rich- 
 ards, was equally timely, pertinent and loyal, indicating a mutual 
 agreement of all parties that they had performed a noble and gen- 
 erous act. Capt. Richards is at this lime in command of Co. " K," 
 Seventy-fourth Regiment, composed of veterans of the One Hun- 
 dredth Regiment. The associations of these heroes of the past are 
 enjoyable occasions of real pleasure, and help to keep alive the 
 real service in which they assisted to save the unity of a great 
 nation. 
 
 LIEUTENANT ALFRED LYTHE, 
 
 ONE OP THE PKISONETtS AT ANDEBSONVTLLE. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is of English descent, a resident of this 
 country since 1850, then in the years of childhood, and, save his 
 
Appendix. 401 
 
 life as a soldier, Buffalo has always been his home. His parents 
 are of that class of steady, frugal and industrious English that are 
 known, ever, for their reliable honesty and integrity, and the son 
 is in all respects a true reflection of his worthy father and mother. 
 He is in every sense an American. He enlisted at the age of nine- 
 teen, August 30th, 1862. He became a member of Co. " H," One 
 Hundredth Regiment, joining it at Gloucester Point, Va. Lieut. 
 Lythe is still a resident of tbe city, engaged in the brick and tile 
 manufacture near Cold Spring, where his parents reside. He is at 
 present a lieutenant of Co. " K," Seventy-fourth Regiment, com- 
 posed of veterans of the One Hundredth. He was one of the 
 prisoners at Andersonville, and is also one of the publishing com- 
 mittee of this work. He was an admirable soldier, faithful, patient 
 and trusty; and but for the disaster at Drury's Bluff, May 16th, 1864, 
 ■where he was wounded and taken prisoner, he would have been 
 better known in the regiment, and would have received promotion 
 for his many soldierly qualities. As a prisoner at Petersburg, 
 Andersonville, Florence, and exchanged at Charleston, December 
 6th, 1864, we shall take him as a type, or representative, of over 
 one hundred of the One Hundredth Regiment that suffered, and 
 many of whom died, in the southern prisons named. We have 
 the diary of Lieut. Lythe before us, as kept by him during his 
 prison life, and which is more than corroborative of the cruelty 
 and barbarous practices of Wirz and his assistants in that den of 
 death at Andersonville. We would be pleased to make large ex- 
 tracts if the limits of this book would warrant. The number con- 
 fined, rations issued, daily deaths and treatments, all could not be 
 rehearsed in a volume. 
 
 Lieut. Lythe with others taken prisoners at Drury's Bluff 
 were kept at Petersburg for nearly two weeks, when they were 
 forced into cars so crowded, that for seven days and nights, in 
 their paesage to Andersonville, they were only out one night 
 and in removal from one train to another. At Andersonville, 
 while in line in front of Wirz' headquarters, in a heavy rain, 
 Lythe stepped from front to rear rank to allow a comrade to 
 share his piece of old oil cloth blanket, when Capt. Wirz, with a 
 revolver pointed in his face, told him to step back instantly or he 
 would settle his hash for him. The stockade enclosed an area of 
 many acres, filled, at times, with more, and at others less, than 
 thirty thousand prisoners. The daily deaths collected at the gate 
 
402 Appendix. 
 
 for burial were from sixty to seventy. Offers of freedom by taking 
 the oath were spurned. One unlucky fellow consented. He was 
 caught by his comrades, his head shaved, and the letter " T," in 
 india ink, pricked in his forehead. Rations varied. Two ounces 
 of bacon and a pint of corn meal for twenty-four hours. Rains 
 were frequent and the sun very warm, so that the men slept in 
 wet clothes oftener than otherwise. Tunneling for escape was 
 frequent, and the caught victims suffered severely. The " dead 
 line" claimed its sacrifices almost daily. This line was twelve 
 feet from the stockade. Any prisoner found near that line was 
 shot by the sentinel on duty without warning. The daily arrival 
 of prisoners, and rumors of parol and exchange, fed the hopes and 
 kept the spirits of the men from ultimate despair. They did not 
 live, they stayed and died daily. With Alfred Lythe were three 
 other prisoners of the same company, James Pixley, Thomas Rus- 
 sell and Albert Tombers. Lythe had part of a rubber blanket, 
 Pixley gave his watch for a piece of an old horse blanket, and 
 Tombers got four sticks while out carrying a dead comrade for 
 burial, which, with the covering named, kept the rain and rays of 
 the sun from them and added some little to daily comfort Wood 
 was scarce. Ninety men were allowed what one man could carry 
 in on his back, which must last twenty-four hours. Four prison- 
 ers were allowed to go out with one dead man. The living desired 
 a chance to carry out the dead, and even quarreled as to their 
 respective rights. As each dead prisoner was carried to the gate 
 the expression, " There goes another dead man to be traded off for 
 wood," was common, as each prisoner under guard was allowed to 
 bring in an armful of wood. Those too weak to carry would sell 
 their chances to the stronger for half the load brought in. The 
 nearly naked would exchange their clothing with the dead, if bet- 
 ter. The sick had but little or no care. Medicine at times was 
 wholly exhausted. The day of exchange rolled round. They 
 were sent off in detachments of one thousand each. Those not 
 able to walk were left. Lieut. Lythe had suffered much from his 
 wound in the leg. Gangrene set in, and the rebel physicians de- 
 cided to cut it off. His friends went, leaving him behind, but an ac- 
 cident on the railroad sent them back again. They left next day. 
 A pair of rough crutches was made, and Lythe made his way to 
 the depot, reached Macon, then Augusta, and soon learned that no 
 exchange was then in progress. The prisoners were sent to Flor- 
 
GEORGE S. HAZARD. 
 
 Pres. Board, of Trade from 1862 to 1865. 
 
Appendix. 403 
 
 ence. The prison was three miles from the depot. Lieut. Lythe 
 crawled there on his hands and knees. The sick and dying 
 lined the road the whole distance. Many died trying to get 
 there, others as soon as off the cars. Lythe was afflicted with 
 scurvy and gangrene together. Finally a Dr. Clark said he could 
 burn out the gangrene, which he did, and his foot improved, 
 sleep was enjoyed and prospects of life were ahead. Rations, one 
 and a half hard tack and four spoonfuls of molasses, with a shower 
 of rain thrown in. Lythe could get no bandages for his wound 
 and no medicine for scurvy. The farmers near sent a few biscuits 
 and one gill of milk to make a poultice for his foot, but being hun- 
 gry he went halves with the foot, eat one-half and made a poultice 
 with the other. The detachment which Lythe accompanied to 
 Charleston was half clothed and no clothes, and on their arrival, 
 when their sight was greeted with the Old Flag, he says, " We 
 could not cheer, the view was a weakening joy of soul and body." 
 That flag was the light out of southern darkness to the prisoner's 
 northern home. 
 
 We cannot do justice to the clear truthfulness of this diary, 
 which should be printed entire, but the expression, oft repeated 
 relative to Capt. Wirz, " I hope to live to see the day that this 
 fiend will swing," was fulfilled, and the demon was hung. The 
 prison history of Lieut. Lythe will answer as a description of the 
 sufferings of that large number sent to southern prisons from the 
 ranks of the One Hundredth Regiment. 
 
 GEORGE S. HAZARD. 
 
 George 8. Hazard was born in New London, Connecticut, in 1810. 
 He is a descendant of the Hazards of Newport, Rhode Island, so 
 well and favorably known in New England. His education devel- 
 oped a strong tendency for the activities of a commercial life ; and 
 this desire increased with his years, till it became the leading trait 
 of character and the basis of his life's work. The West is largely 
 the reflection of New England. The stirring and active spirits of 
 eastern homes were and are found all over the Great West. The 
 subject of this sketch stopped at Toledo, O., for several years, en- 
 gaged in his favorite calling. In 1847 he arrived in Buffalo, and at 
 once identified himself with its commercial interests. A few years 
 
404 Appendix. 
 
 previous the Board of Trade had been organized, and the next 
 year after his identification with Buffalo interests he was made 
 one of the directors. March 12th, 1855, Mr. Hazard was made 
 president, and from that time to his third election as president, 
 April 14th, 1862, he had served the organization as director and 
 trustee. In the summer succeeding his election as president, the 
 Board of Trade, by resolution, July 29th, 1862, adopted the One 
 Hundredth Regiment as the Buffalo Board of Trade regiment, and 
 with money subscribed and arrangements perfected, commenced 
 recruiting to preserve the regiment from consolidation. The pres- 
 ident of the Board of Trade had the appointment of all officers, 
 and recommended the same to the Governor of the State for com- 
 mission, which was faithfully adhered to by Governor Morgan, 
 though less by Governor Seymour, till finally commissions were is- 
 sued direct upon the recommendation of the commanding officer 
 of the regiment. 
 
 Mr. Hazard continued as president during the eventful years of 
 1862, '63 and '64, which was a testimony of honor, confidence and 
 esteem which the Board of Trade seemed anxious to demonstrate. 
 The additional labor imposed by the adoption of the regiment was 
 of no ordinary character. Private interests, the responsibilities of 
 so influential a body as the Board of Trade had become, with 
 the varied obligations to the One Hundredth Regiment as an 
 organization, and to individual members, all rendered the duty as 
 a presiding officer, onerous as well as honorable. From the adop- 
 tion of the regiment to its dismemberment he gave his special care 
 in executing the will of the Board of Trade. They had with pride 
 and patriotism provided largely in men and pecuniary aid. The 
 sum of -$19,046.47 had been given, which, with stands of colors, 
 evidenced the liberality of that body of men. Hundreds of recruits 
 were added to the ofttimes depleted companies of the regiment by 
 the Board and its working president 
 
 In October, 1864, Mr. Hazard and son made a visit to the regi- 
 ment and the Army of the James. He partook of camp fare and spoke 
 kindly words of cheer to the men on parade. Having visited the line 
 of works on the north side of the James, and at City Point and in 
 front of Petersburg, Mr. Hazard returned to Buffalo with a more 
 appreciative knowledge of the real life and endurance of the soldier. 
 
 The return of the veterans gave Mr. Hazard an opportunity to 
 recount the scenes through which they had passed and to tender 
 
Appendix. 405 
 
 to them, the remnants of the original regiment, the feeling hospi- 
 tality of the Board of Trade and the citizens of Buffalo. 
 
 Recently he has been abroad, and on the continent saw sights 
 •which so many Americans enjoy, in consequence of the cheapness 
 and safety of travel, as well as of living among the denizens of the 
 old world. 
 
 Mr. Hazard is still engaged in his favorite pursuit, and from his 
 vigor and elasticity of constitution, bids fair to be seen on 'change, 
 as ever, for a decade or two of years. 
 
 BUFFALO BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 There has been no institution organized since Buffalo started in 
 its career as a growing and enterprising city which can compare 
 with the organization known as the Buffalo Board of Trade. Its 
 history, condensed and intelligently brief, has just been given to the 
 public in pamphlet form, by S. 8. Guthrie, Esq., late president of the 
 Board, and published by William Thurstone, the energetic and en- 
 terprising secretary. This paper of Mr. Guthrie's is comprehensive 
 in its brevity, and sets forth clearly the origin and growth of the es- 
 tablishment of councils and boards of trade from the earliest times ; 
 their necessity and their principles, together with their needs and 
 connection with the varied interests of a nation's growth. From 
 the first meeting to form a Board of Trade, January 16th, 1844, to 
 the present time, Mr. Guthrie has faithfully gathered and com- 
 piled all statistics and facts, which from this date, through his 
 valuable labor, will become a part of the history of Buffalo and its 
 onward progress. This Board with its briarean arms stirs up the 
 wide-spread fields of the far west, and gathers its rich products by 
 transportation, elevation and depression, and sends them to the 
 needy millions of this and other lands. As an organic power it is 
 felt in almost every institution where pecuniary aid is requisite to 
 further benevolent operations. Its liberality and patriotism was 
 made manifest in its munificent donations to the war fund, the 
 adoption of the One Hundredth Regiment, its bounteous hospital- 
 ity to the returned soldiers, and the active zeal manifested in all 
 enterprises which looked toward a saved and united government. 
 
 Succeeding the adoption of the One Hundredth Regiment, the 
 Board secured the services of Orlando Allen, Esq., as an efficient 
 
£06 Appendix. 
 
 aid in the perplexing duty of recruiting. Mr. Alien by his exact 
 business habits, and his large acquaintance and personal interest in 
 the success of the struggle, having given a son as a martyr to the 
 cause, accomplished much in adding large numbers to the ranks of 
 the One Hundredth. 
 
 ERIE COUNTY SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 Cooperative with the Board of Trade, and among the most use- 
 ful institutions of Buffalo, is the Erie County Savings Bank. Man- 
 aged by men of patriotism and intelligence, it was throughout 
 the entire rebellion a beneficent power in favor of the govern- 
 ment. No copperhead found lodgment in its direction. In 1861, 
 when the first call was made by the national government for sub- 
 scriptions to a stock loan, the Erie County Savings Bank offered 
 par, while its great cotemporary offered only seventy-five cents. 
 Whenever the Board of Supervisors of Erie county asked for 
 money to fill our regiments, the Erie Counly Savings Bank ever 
 responded, by advancing any amount required, taking the county 
 bonds at par always. 
 
 On one occasion Majs. Lyon and Young of that Board called for 
 $25,000, but had to admit that no vote had passed the Board au- 
 thorizing the loan. Mr. C. P. Lee, the loyal secretary of the Erie 
 County Savings Bank, reluctantly declined to make the advance. 
 Mr. Lyon was at his wits end. Enlisting would cease on the mor- 
 row unless money was forthcoming. In this strait he went to the 
 house of William Wilkeson, Esq., one of the directors of the sav- 
 ings bank that had declined the advance, as illegal and hazardous, 
 and obtained from Mr. Wilkeson his check for $25,000, giving 
 neither bond, note or acknowledgment. In the end he was paid 
 in full. The moral effect of the position held by the Erie County 
 Savings Bank from the beginning to the end of the rebellion was a 
 bulwark of power. Its secretary, Mr. Cyrus P. Lee, induced hun- 
 dreds of depositors to withdraw deposits and invest in U. S. Bonds. 
 With the author of this book he was constantly engaged in moving 
 the people, soliciting aid, relieving the needy, and doing the work 
 of a patriotic and loyal citizen. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 407 
 
 COMMISSIONED OFFICERS 
 
 OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH REGIMENT INFANTRY NEW YORK 
 6TATE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Bunk. 
 
 Date of 
 
 Com'sion. 
 
 Date of 
 Bank. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Cols. 
 Lt. Cols. 
 
 Majors, 
 
 Adjts. 
 Qr. Ms. 
 
 Surgs. 
 
 A. Surg. 
 
 Cliapls. 
 Capts. 
 
 James M. Brown, 
 Geo. F. B. Dandy, 
 Bvt.Br.Gen.N.Y.V 
 Phineas Staunton. 
 Calvin N. Otis, 
 Bvt.Br.Gen.TJ.S.V. 
 Lewis S. Payne, 
 War'n Granger, Jr, 
 
 (Bvt. Col.) 
 Calvin N. Otis, 
 Daniel D. Nash, 
 James H. Dandy, 
 Bvt.Lt.Col.N.Y.V. 
 George H. Stowits, 
 Fred. A. Sawyer. 
 Bvt.Lt.Col.N.Y.V. 
 P. R. Cbadwick, 
 H. H. Haddock, 
 Edward S. Peck, 
 S. M. Chamberlain, 
 Edwin L. Bishop, 
 H. N. Oliver, 
 Geo. G. Barnum, 
 Bvt. Cant. N.Y.V. 
 M. S. Kittenger, 
 Norris M. Carter, 
 Bvt.Lt.Col.N.Y.V. 
 Wm. D. Murray, 
 A. Walter Tyron, 
 E. Schofleld, 
 John B. Linn, 
 David L. Pendell, 
 Daniel D. Nash, 
 William L. Mayo, 
 William Brown, 
 George H. Stowits, 
 Henry W. Conry, 
 
 Bvt. Maj. N.Y.V. 
 Walter B.Moore, 
 M. H. Topping, 
 John McMann, 
 Jonathan E. Head, 
 John Nicholson, 
 Leopold Evert, 
 Edwin Nichols, 
 Lewis S. Payne, 
 J. A. Newell, 
 Wm. Richardson, 
 C. K. Baker. 
 DeWitt C. Wilber, 
 Michael Bailey, 
 James H. Dandy, 
 
 Bvt. Maj. U. 8. V. 
 Edward L. Cook, 
 
 Bvt. Mai. N.Y.V. 
 Charles H. Rauert, 
 
 Feb. 7, '6 
 Au. 27, '6: 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Oct. 81,'62, 
 
 Nv. 14, '03, 
 Ma. 11, '66, 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Oct. 21,'62, 
 Dec. 9, '64, 
 
 Ma. 31, '66, 
 Jly.31,'65, 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Nv. 24, '62, 
 Ma. 18, '64, 
 Feb. 1, '62, 
 Apl. 9, '62, 
 Ma. 18, '64, 
 Oct. 8, '64, 
 
 Feb. 7, '62. 
 Mr. 16, '66; 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Sep. 29 ,'62. 
 Jn. 80, '64. 
 Nv. 24, '62, 
 Jly. 24, '66. 
 Feb. 7, '62. 
 Oct. 21,'62. 
 Jly. 4, '68. 
 Nv. 19, '64. 
 Ma. 81, '65, 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Nv.24,'62, 
 Ma. 18, '64, 
 Mr. 80, '66, 
 Feb. 7, '62. 
 Apl. 17,'68 
 Nv. 19. '64 
 Feb. 7, '62. 
 Nv.10,'68. 
 Apl.14,'64. 
 Nv.19,'64. 
 Jly. 81,'65 
 Feb. 7, '62. 
 Sep. 6, '63. 
 
 Jan.20,'65. 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 
 Jan. 10,'62, Killed May 31, 1862. 
 
 Au. 27, '62, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Jan. 10,'62, Resigned Oct. 11, 1862. 
 Oct. 14,'62, Discharged June 20, 1868. 
 
 Jn. 20, '63, Not mustered as Lieut. Col. 
 Mr. 11, '66, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Jan. 10,'62, Pro'tedtoLt. Col.Oct.21,'62. 
 Oct. 14,'62, Discharged Oct. 21, 1864. 
 Dec. 9, '64, Killed April 2, 1865. 
 
 Apl. 2,' 65, Not mustered as Major. 
 Ju. 4, '65, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865, 
 
 Dec.31,'61, Discharged Nov. 1, 1862. 
 Oct. 81,'62, Killed July 18, 1863. 
 Apl. 21 ,'64, Discharged May 9, 1865. 
 Nv. 8, '61, Discharged April 8, 1862. 
 Apl. 4, '62, Discharged Dec. 22, 1863. 
 Dec.22,'63, Declined. 
 Ma. 1, '64, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Oct. 9, '61, Mustered out Jan. 9, 1865. 
 Mr. 15, '65, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Nv. 4, '61, Discharged July 6, 1864. 
 Sep.13,'62, Discharged Sep. 19, 1863. 
 Ju. 13, '64, MustereS out Aug. 28, 1866, 
 Oct. 24,'62, Resigned Oct. 16, 1864. 
 Jly. 19, '66, Not mustered. 
 Oct. 1, '61, Promoted to Maj. Oct. 21,'62. 
 Oct. 14,'62, Discharged May 25, 1863. 
 Ma. 25, '63, Discharged July 25, 1864. 
 Jly, 26,'64, Discharged June 8, 1865. 
 Apl. 2, '66, Musterel out Aug. 28, 1866. 
 
 Oct. 4, '61, Discharged Sept. 27, 1862. 
 Oct. 26,'62, Resigned April 26, 1864. 
 Apl. 26,'64, Discharged March 7, 1865. 
 Mr. 6, '65, Mustereil out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Oct. 11,'61, Discharged March 6, 1868. 
 Mr. 6, '68, Discharged Sept. 2, 1864. 
 Sep. 2, '64, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1866. 
 Nv. 80, '61, Discharged March 11, 1865. 
 Ju. 20, '68, Not mustered as Captain. 
 Feb. 1, '64, Died of wounds July 27, 1864. 
 Nv. 6, '64, Discharged May, 26, 1866. 
 Ju. 22. '65, Not mustered. 
 Oct. 26, '61, Discharged Aug. 5, 1868. 
 Au. 6, '68, Promoted to Maj. Dec. 9, '64. 
 
 Dec. 9, '64, MuBtered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Oct. 26,'61, Resigned March 16, 1864. 
 
408 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Date of 
 Com'slon. 
 
 Date of 
 Bank. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Chas. F. Gardner, 
 Timothy Lynch, 
 Edward Pratt, 
 P. Edwin Dye, 
 C. E. Walbridge, 
 
 Charles E. Morse, 
 Frank C. Brunck, 
 Patrick Connolly, 
 Chas. H. Henshaw, 
 War'n Granger, Jr. 
 Samuel Ely, 
 Jacob S. Kittle, 
 George Hinson, 
 William L. Mayo, 
 E. L. Whipple, 
 Thomas W. Small, 
 James Kavanaugh, 
 George H. Stowits, 
 M. II. Topping, 
 James H. Dandy, 
 C. B. Adriance, 
 Jacob S. Kittle, 
 John Gordon, 
 Unike C. Mackey, 
 William Noble, 
 Leopold Evert, 
 John McMann, 
 Edwin Nichols, 
 Augustus Newell, 
 Fred. Sandrock, 
 Charles H. Waite, 
 William Brown, 
 Wm. Richardson, 
 Benj. F. Hughson, 
 John S. Manning, 
 Chas. F. Gardner, 
 Horace Baker, 
 Michael Friday, 
 Edward L. Cook, 
 Henry W. Conry, 
 Sam'I S. Kellogg, 
 Timothy Lynch, 
 George Furst, 
 Edward S. Peck, 
 JameB H. French, 
 R. B. Smith, Jr., 
 C. E. Walbridge, 
 L. D. Howell, 
 David M. White, 
 Samuel Ely, 
 Frank 0. Brunck, 
 Chas. C. Coleman, 
 Ebenczer Spooner, 
 Wayne Vogdes, 
 Bt.Cp.&Mj.N.Y.V. 
 J. Wilkeson, Jr., 
 Bvt. Capt. N. Y. V. 
 War'n Granger, Jr. 
 Chas. F. Scheffer, 
 Myron P. Pierson, 
 Albert York, 
 David A. Nevin, 
 J. E. Head, 
 
 Apl. 17,'63, Jan.13,'63, Discharged June 11, 1868. 
 Sep. 5, '63, J ii. 12, '63, Resigned Nov. 8, 1864. 
 Jan. 26, '65, Nv. 6, '64, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Oct. 29,'61, Resigned Feb. 28, 1863. 
 Apl. n,'63, Feb.26,'63, Promoted, Apr. 14, 1864, to 
 
 Capt. and A. Q. M. Vols. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Nv. 4, '61, Discharged Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Nv. 24, '62, Nv. 15, '62, Mnstered out Jan. 9, 1865. 
 Mr. 30, '65, Mr. 6, '65, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Nv. 16, '61, Resigned July 20, 1802. 
 Au. 13, '62, Jly, 20, '62, Pi-o'tedto Lt. Col. Mayll,'65. 
 Ma. 31, '65. Mr. 11, '65, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Mr. 30, '65, Mr. 6, '65, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Oct. 29,'61, Discharged Jan. 8, 1863. 
 Feb. 7, '62-, Oct. 1, '61, Pro'ted to Capt. Oct. 21, '62. 
 Oct. 22, '62, Oct. 4, '62, Discharged Jan. 2, 1863. 
 Feb.ll ,'63, Jan. 2, '63, Not mustered as 1st Lieut. 
 Apl. 17,'63, Feb.24,'63, Missing since July 81, 18S3. 
 Oct. 7, '63. Jly. 18, '63, Pro'ted to Capt. Nov. 19, '64. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Oct. 4. '61. Pro'ted to Capt. Nov. 24, '63. 
 Nv. 24, '62. Oct. 2ti,'(B. Pro'ted to Capt. Sept. 5. '63. 
 Sep. 5, '63, Au. 6, '63, Discharged Nov. 22, 1864. 
 Dec. 9, '64, Nv. 5, '64, Pro'ted to Capt. Mar. 30, '65. 
 Mr. 30, '65, Mr. 6, '65, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Oct. 11,'lil, Missing since Apr. 30, 1862. 
 Mr. 10, '62, Mr. 10, '02, Discharged Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Dec.23,'62, Nv. 15, ~&i, Pro'ted to Capt. Apr. 17, '63. 
 Apl. 18,'63, Mr. 6, "63, Pro'ted to Capt. May 18, '64. 
 Ma. 18, '64, Apl. 21,'64, Pro'ted to Capt. Nov. 19, '64. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Nv. 30, '61, Pro'ted to Capt. Nov. 10, '63. 
 Nv. 10, '63, Ju. 20, '63, Mustered out Jan. 9. 1865. 
 Mr. 30, '65, Mr. 6, '65, Mnstered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Oct. 26,'61, Pro'ted to Capt. July 4. '68. 
 Jly. 4, '63, Ma. 25, '63, Pro'ted to Capt. Apr. 14, '64. 
 Apr.14,'64, Feb. 1, '64, Mustered out Jan. 28, 1865. 
 Mr. 30, '65, Mr. 6, '65. Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865, 
 Feb. 7, '62, Jan. 7, '62, Pro'ted to Capt. Apr. 17, '68. 
 Apl.17,'63, Jan.13,'63, Discharged July 1, 1863. 
 Sep. 5, '63, Jly. 8, '63, Discharged April 14, 1864, 
 Nv. 19, '64, Jly. 1, '64, Pro'ted to Capt. Jan. 20, '65. 
 Jan.20,'65, Dec. 9, '64, Pro'ted to Capt. May 81, '65. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Dec.31,'61, Killed May 31, 1862. 
 Dec.23,'62, Ma. 81, '62, Pro'ted to Capt. Sept. 5, '68. 
 Sep. 5, '63, Ju. 12, '63, Declined. 
 Oct. 7, '63, Ju. 12, '63, Pro'ted to Adjt. May 18, '64. 
 Ma. 18, '64, Apl. 21,'64, Not mustered as 1st Lieut. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Oct. 29, '61, Missing since June 27, 1882. 
 Dec.10,'62, Jly, 1, '62, Pro'ted to Capt. Apr. 17, '68. 
 Apl. 18,'63, Feb.26,'68, Discharged Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Nv. 19, '64, Sep. 30, '84, Declined. 
 Jan. 20, '65, Dec. 8, '64, Pro'ted to Capt. May 81, '65. 
 Feb. 7, '62, Nv. 4, '61, Pro'ted to Capt. Nov. 24, '62. 
 Dec.23,'62, Nv. 16, '62, Discharged Nov. 8, 1863. 
 Sep. 5, '63, Jly. 29, '63, Discharged Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Feb.27,'64, Nv. 3, '68, Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Feb. 7, '62, Nv. 16, '61, Killed May 81, 1862. 
 
 Ju. 20, '62, Ma. 81, '62, Pro'ted to Capt. Aug. 13, '62. 
 Ma. 13, '63, Jly. 20, '62, Resigned July 28, 1863. 
 Feb.27,'64, Jan. 1, '64, Discharged March 6, 1865. 
 Nv. 19, '64, Jly. 25, '64, Discharged June 18, 1865. 
 Jly. 31, '65, Jly. 15, '65, Failed to muster. 
 Nv. 19, '64, Sep. 2, '65, Pro'ted to Capt. Mar. 30, '65. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 409 
 
 Henry Heintz, 
 Henry J. Jones. 
 C. K. Baker, 
 Mansfield Cornell, 
 Chas. H. Traver, 
 Joseph Pratt, 
 William Hackett, 
 Chas S. Farnham, 
 Thomas W. Small, 
 James Kavanaugh, 
 C. H. Richmond, 
 Seth W. Bahhitt, 
 Martin S. Bogart, 
 William H. Wells, 
 Chas. H. Runckle, 
 James H. French, 
 S. C. Thompson, 
 WiUiam NoT>le, 
 LouiB H. Todd, 
 Leopold Evert, 
 John McMann, ' 
 Michael Friday, 
 J. W. Simpson, 
 Peter Greiner, 
 L. D. Howell, 
 George H. Stowits 
 Edward Pratt, 
 Timothy Lynch, 
 Wm. Richardson, 
 Wayne Vogdes, 
 Azor H. Hoyt, 
 Henry Hermans, 
 Chas. E. Clanssen, 
 William Meyer, 
 George Fnrst, 
 Jacob L. Barnes, 
 Chas. B. Gnthrie, 
 Horace Baker, 
 C. B. Adriance, 
 Fred. Sandrock, 
 C. B. Walbridge, 
 Cyras Brown, 
 William Evans, 
 H. H. Haddock, 
 
 Edward S. Peck, 
 Myron P. Pierson, 
 W. C. Barthauer, 
 War'n Granger, Jr. 
 Charles Sheffer, 
 Chas. C. Coleman, 
 William Bonsell, 
 Edwin Nichols, 
 Edward L. Cook, 
 Samuel Ely, 
 Patrick Connelly, 
 Ben]. F. Hughsun, 
 Geo. G. Barnum, 
 
 Charles Skeldon, 
 Myers T. Webb, 
 Gilbert Gaum, 
 Frank Casey, 
 Joseph Pratt, 
 Peter Kelly, 
 18 
 
 Mr. 30, '66, 
 Ma. 81, '65, 
 Oct. 8, '64, 
 Nv. 19, '64, 
 Jly.81,'65, 
 Ma. 31, '65, 
 Ma. 31, '66, 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Ju. 80, '62, 
 Feb.11,'63. 
 Apl.18,'63, 
 Jan. 30,'64, 
 Feb. 7. '62, 
 Oct. 1862, 
 Dec.20,'62, 
 Oct. 7, '63 
 Ma. 18, '64! 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Mr. 10, '" 
 Oct. 1, 'i 
 Dec.23,'62, 
 Apl. 18,'6S, 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Sep. 2, '62, 
 Dec.28,'62. 
 Apl. 18,'63, 
 Oct. 7, '68, 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Dec.23,'62, 
 Jly. 4, '68, 
 Feb.27,'64, 
 Nv. 19, '64, 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Oct. 14,'62, 
 Apl. 18,'63, 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Sep. 8, '62, 
 Dec.23,'62, 
 Apl. 17,'fi3, 
 Sep. 5, '63, 
 Feb. 7, '62, 
 Dec.28,'62, 
 Oct. 7, '68, 
 Feb/7, '62, 
 
 NT. 24, '62, 
 Oct. 7, '63, 
 Mr. 8, '64, 
 Feb. 7, — 
 Ju. 24, 
 Sep. 8, 
 Dec. 23 
 Sep. 5, '63, 
 Ma. 18, '64, 
 Nv.19,'64, 
 Deo. 7, '64, 
 Oct. 7, '83, 
 Apl, 14, '64, 
 
 Nv. 19, '64, 
 Jly. 81, '65. 
 Nv.10,'65, 
 Ma. 31, '65 
 Mr. SO, '65, 
 Ma. 31, '65, 
 
 Mr. 6, '65, 
 Apl. 2, '65, 
 Oct. 3, '64, 
 Nv. 5, '64, 
 Ju. 22, '65, 
 Mr. 11, '65, 
 Mr. 16, '65, 
 Jan. 1, '62, 
 
 Jan. 2, '63, 
 Feb.24,'63, 
 Jan. 28.'63, 
 Jan. 3, '62. 
 Oct. 10,'62, 
 Nv. 15, '62. 
 Jly, 18. '68. 
 Apl. 21 .'64, 
 Dec.19,'61, 
 Mr. 10, '62, 
 Jly. 25, '62, 
 Nv. 15, '62, 
 Mr. 6, '68, 
 Jan. 11,'62, 
 Sep. 2, '62, 
 Nv. 14, '62 
 Feb.26'68, 
 Jly. 18, '68, 
 Jan. 3, '62, 
 Ma. 81, '62. 
 Ju. 12, ' 3; 
 Nv. 3, '63, 
 Nv. 6, '64, 
 Oct. 26,'61, 
 Sep. 9, '62, 
 Apl. 17,'«8. 
 Jan. 3, '62. 
 Sep. 8, "68, 
 Nv. 14, '62 
 Jan. 18,'63 
 Au. 6, '63 
 Jan. 3, '62 
 Oct. 1, *62 
 Au.18,'63, 
 Jan. 7, " 
 
 Ju. 12, '«8, 
 Jan. 1, '64, 
 Jan. 3, '62, 
 Ma. 31, '62. 
 Sep. 8, '62. 
 Nv. 15, '62. 
 Au. 1, '63, 
 Apl. 21,'64, 
 Nv. 5, '64, 
 Nv. 6, '64: 
 Jly. 8, '68. 
 Feb. 1, '64, 
 
 Nv. 5, 
 Ju. 22, 
 Ju. 20, 
 Mr. 11, ' 
 Dec.10,'64, 
 Mr. 11, '65, 
 
 Mnstered ont Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Mustered out Ang. 23, 1865. 
 Pro'ted to Capt. Nov. 19, '64. 
 Resigned June 14, 1865. 
 Failed to muster. 
 Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 Failed to muster. 
 Died May 12. 1862. 
 Discharged Feb. 24, 1863. 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Apr. 17,'63. 
 Discharged Nov. 3, 1863. 
 Discharged Jan. 14 v 1865. 
 Discharged Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Discharged Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Killed July 18, 1863. 
 Died May 22, 1864. 
 Failed to muster. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Mar. 10,'62. 
 Resigned July 25, 1862. 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Dec. 23,'62. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Apr. 18,'63. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Sept. 5, '63. 
 Resigned Aug. 5, 1862. 
 Resigned Nov. 17, 1862. 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Apr. 18,'63. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Oot. 7. '63. 
 Pro'ted to Capt. Jan. 20, '65. 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Dec. 23,'22. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. July 4, "68. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Feb. 27,'64, 
 Died May 16, 1864. 
 Resigned May 16, 1865. 
 Resigned Sept. 9, 1862. 
 Discharged March 3, 1868. 
 Not mustered. 
 Resigned Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Discharged Nov. 14, 1862. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Apr. 17, '63. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Sept. 5, '63. 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Nov.10,'63. 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Dec. 10, '62. 
 Died Aug. 13, 1863. 
 Discharged Jan. 26, 1865. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. and Adit. 
 Nov. 24, 1862. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Oct. 7, '63. 
 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Feb. 27,'64. 
 
 Disch'd as private May 9,'65. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. June'20,'62. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. May 13,'62, 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Dec. 22,'62. 
 
 Discharged July 31, 1868. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. May 18,'64. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Nov. 19,'64. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. Jan. 20,'65, 
 
 Pro'ted to Capt. Mar. 30, '65. 
 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. Apr. 14, '64. 
 
 Pro'ted to 1st Lt. and Qr'mr. 
 Oct. 3, 1864. 
 
 Mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. 
 
 Failed to muster. 
 
 Mustered out Jan. 9, 1865. 
 
 Failed to muster. 
 
 Pro'ted to IstLt. May 31,'65. 
 
 Mustered out Aug. 28, 1866, 
 
410 Appendix. 
 
 MUSTEK IN EOLL 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH EEGIMEN1 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. 
 
 James M. Brown, Col. Saml. M. Chamberlain, Qr. M. 
 
 Phineas Staunton, Lieut Col. Martin S. Kittenger, Surg. 
 
 Calvin N. Otis, Maj. Wm. D. Murray, Asst. Surg. 
 
 Peter Remsen Chad wick, Adjt Frank T. Cork, Hosp. Steward 
 
 COMPANY " A." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Danl. D. Nash, Capt. Byron Bristol, Serg. 
 
 "Wm. L. Mayo, First Lieut Chas. B. Kellogg, Corp. 
 
 Chas. Farnham, Second Lieut. Thos. M. Allen, Corp. 
 
 Horace Baker, First Serg. Myron Pingry, Corp. 
 
 Carlos H. Richmond, Serg. Chas. H. Flanders, Corp. 
 
 Thos. W. Small, Serg. J. S. Bibbens, Corp. 
 Clark C. Dickerman, Corp. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Arnold, Francis L, Ballou, Herbert Cortum, Henry 
 
 Arnold, Nathan J. Bishop, George Clark, Wm. 
 
 Arnold, George Buchoult, John Coon, Henry 
 
 Ahern, Patrick Campbell, John M. Day, Henry 
 
 Anderson, James Carpenter, "Wm. B. Dillion, Thos. 
 
Drewry, Ebenezer 
 Dallany, John 
 Evans, Matthew 
 Fisk, Hiram M. 
 Friedman, Jacob 
 Fagan, Francis 
 Gibson, Ed. G. 
 Goodman, Henry S. 
 Georgen, Nicholas 
 Gates, Emerson 
 Gaylord, James L. 
 Gemmell, Sandy 
 Galligher, James 
 Grabbet, John 
 Graber, Andrew 
 Hicks, Daniel 
 Hill, Uriah F. 
 Harm, Frederick 
 King, Ghauncey 
 Kelley, Peter 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Lincoln, Marion 
 Lynde, Uriah 8. 
 Lane, Win. H. 
 Murry, Michael 
 Merrifield, Roswell 
 McGlochlin, Thos. 
 Minton, Wm. 
 Moore, John A. 
 Mentz, Phillip 
 McM alien, Barney 
 Oatman, Jacob 
 Pettit, Stephen M. 
 Parker, Jas. W. 
 Patterson, Alex. 
 Pettit, Wm. H. 
 Quackenbush, S. J. 
 Quackenbush, Clark 
 Rasterford, John 
 Roller, John 
 Richard, Ferdinand 
 
 411 
 
 Snider, LeGrand 
 Snyder, Eziekiel 
 Streit, Nicholas 
 Spooner, Ebenezer 
 Smith, Frank 
 Sill, Wm. H. 
 Steddon, Danl. H. 
 Sweet, Thos. C. 
 Simonds, Juston F. 
 Starks, John D. 
 Starkweather, W. 
 Shirbel, Christopher. 
 Traver, Edwin 
 Whaley, George 
 White, Theodore 
 Wiser, Sylvester 
 Wiser, Phillip 
 Watson, Thos. M. 
 Waterman, Glading. 
 
 COMPANY " B." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Walter B. Moore, Capt 
 M. H. Topping, First Lieut 
 Martin S. Bogart, Second Lieut. 
 Rodney Dexter, First Serg. 
 Leonard D. Howell, Serg. 
 Edward S. Peck, Serg. 
 Peabody Pratt, Serg. 
 Myron B. Pierson, Serg. 
 
 Wm. Whaler, Corp. 
 Wm. M. Thomson, Corp. 
 Donald McPherson, Corp. 
 Norman H. Meldrum, Corp. 
 John C. Davis, Corp. 
 Milo L. Olmstead, Corp. 
 Josh. O. Price, Musician, 
 Samuel Malters, Musician, 
 
 Willard Josslyn, Wagoner. 
 
 Austin, Irvin 
 Brears, Robert 
 Boyd, Edward E. 
 Bain, ifenjamin 
 Bolton, Henry C. 
 
 FETVA-TES. 
 
 Benjamin, Geo. N. 
 Clough, Charles 
 Crosby, Wm. N. 
 Cooley, Edward P. 
 Coon, Benjamin C. 
 
 Copeland, Henry G. 
 Daniels, Mortimer L. 
 Dato, Fritz 
 Davis, Ord M. 
 Delamater, L. M. 
 
412 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Eberhart, Geo. 
 Edgarton, Jacob 
 Foles, Geo. C. 
 Fox, James 
 Foot, Charles D. 
 French, Wm. H. 
 Growney, Barney 
 Geer, Theodore O. 
 Golland, John 
 Geize, Phillip 
 Harkins, Henry M. 
 Howell, Albert 
 Jordan, John 
 Lynd, Andrew 
 McCall, John J. 
 Moore, George 
 McMullen, Timothy 
 Maud, Joseph 
 
 Meldrum, Gordon B. 
 McPhail, John 
 McCann, Thos. 
 Mclntyre, Daniel 
 Meyrer, Chas. 
 McPherson, James 
 Moore, Mather, 
 Newton, "Wm. 
 Olmsted, "Wm. 
 Ott, John B. 
 Pervorce, Albert J. 
 Pierson, Jos. P. 
 Presbry, John C. 
 Bussell, Albert 
 Robinson, Hiram 
 Ryan, Phillip 
 Swift, Wm. P. 
 Swarthout, Jas. V. 
 
 Seeley, Wm. 
 Swift, Chester F. 
 Swift, George 
 Treehouse, Peter 
 Trimball, Robert 
 Taylor, Lyman 
 Thompson, S. C. 
 Tracy, Peter 
 Todd, Louis H. 
 Walkley, Stephen 
 Weller, Augustus P. 
 Wicks, John G. 
 Wood, Abram L. 
 Winkle, Matthias 
 Ward, Albert U. 
 Walker, James. 
 
 COMPANY " C." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 John Nicholson, Capt. 
 U. C. Mackay, First Lieut. 
 Wm. Noble, Second Lieut. 
 Leopold Evert, First Serg. 
 Cyrus Brown, Serg. 
 Wm. H. Hamilton, Serg. 
 Wm. A. Moss, Serg. 
 Oliver Wolven, Serg. 
 Wm. Evans, Corp. 
 
 Ezra N. Hoag, Corp. 
 Wm. H. Adams, Corp. 
 Joseph Jenkins, Corp. 
 Benjamin F. Hughson, Corp. 
 Albert Cross, Corp. 
 Edwin Nichols, Corp. 
 Quincy A. Seibold, Corp. 
 Richard Carr, Musician, 
 Sidney A. Lake, Musician. 
 
 Allen, Geo. W. 
 Austin, Charles 
 Barnard, "Wm. 
 Barnhart, Jacob D. 
 Bass, Adelbert 
 Beherens, Henry 
 Berg, Carl 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Brock, Geo. H. 
 Buckner, David 
 Burton, Isaac S. 
 Calaban, Lawrence 
 Calahan, Michael 
 Campbell, Daniel 
 Carney, Volney 
 
 Carpenter, Walston 
 Carr, Wm. 
 Conley, Patrick 
 Corcoran, Patrick 
 Coughlin, Timothy 
 Daly, John 
 Derry, Nicholas 
 
Appendix. 
 
 413 
 
 Derring, Casper 
 Donnelly, Charles 
 Dressing, Henry 
 Dugan, John 
 Fuller, Ezekiah S. 
 Gage, Wm. 
 Gordinier, Edwin 
 Griffln, Patrick 
 Hawkins, N. T. 
 Heather, Wm. 
 Higgins, Thomas 
 Hoag, Hiram N. 
 Hookway, John 
 Ilousell, Alexander 
 Hunt, Edwin 
 Johnson, Jacob 
 Kissock, Wm. 
 
 Lafontaine, Paul 
 Lampson, Zebulon 
 Litt, Conrad 
 Lown, Franklin 
 MacBean, Charles 
 MacGregor, Donald 
 MacGuire, Michael 
 MacKeever, James 
 MacKenny, J. B. 
 MacMann, John 
 Maroney, Michael H. 
 Miller, Rich 
 Mitchel, Farl 
 Mitchel, Philip 
 Morgan, Chas. W. 
 Olney, Wm. F. 
 Ostrander, Obert G. 
 
 Pendleton, Thos. N. 
 Phillips, Patrick 
 Randall, Wilson 
 Rearclan, Charles 
 Scanlon, Thomas 
 Scott, Patrick 
 Starr, Charles H. 
 Swift, Hiram A. 
 Tann, Edward 
 Watson, John 
 Wells, Chester 
 Whipple, E. L. 
 William, George C. 
 Williams, John H. 
 Winegard, A. I. 
 
 COMPANT "D." 
 
 OFPICEBS. 
 
 Lewis S. Payne, Capt. John Castle, Musician, 
 
 Augustus Newell First Lieut. Wm. Hay, Jr., Wagoner. 
 (Remaining officers not selected at date of filing roll.) 
 
 Ackley, Ithamer 
 Atkinson, John R. 
 Allair, Mitchell 
 Allen, Nathan F. 
 Allen, Lyman S. 
 Ansley, James 
 Bailey, Wm. J. 
 Batch, Charles 
 Becker, Myron 
 Brookman, John G. 
 Bates, Walter C. 
 Bigsby, Andrew E. 
 Bates, Wheelock T. 
 Berryman, James 
 18* 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Brown, Lewis 
 Burgwardt, Christian 
 Brooks, Richard 
 Cavernno, John 
 Daniels, Louis 
 Dorn, Newton 
 Deermers, Philip 
 Dixon, Wm. 
 Desselberger, John 
 Ewart, James 
 Enright, Michael 
 Flannery, F. F. 
 Fip, Valentine 
 Fay, Francis 
 
 Gillis, James G. 
 Gaum, Gilbert 
 Gaum, Anthony 
 Goodman, John 
 Galligher, Henry 
 Gosline, Henry 
 Hagen, Charles 
 Huff, Wm. 
 Hidell, Henry 
 Jones, Robert 
 Klein, Philip 
 Keller, Lawrence 
 Keller, Henry 
 Knobel, Frederick 
 
414 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Lounsbary, Wm. K. 
 Longley, John W. 
 Leonard, Francis 
 Longer, Joseph 
 Leonard, Charles 
 Lightmire, Jacob 
 Luthso, Henry 
 Marling, Thomas 
 Meitzinger, Henry 
 Monteath, John 
 Martin, Geo. H. 
 Miller, Henrick 
 McCafferty, Wesley 
 McCafferty, John F. 
 Metzdorff, Charles 
 
 Newman, Geo. 
 Pfalegraf, Jacob 
 Pendergrass, James 
 Rundell, Daniel W. 
 Richardson, Wm. 
 Rappleyea, David 
 Ryan, Michael 
 Reifstick, Frederick 
 Schultz, Henry 
 Simson, Jas. W. 
 Scott, Winfield B. 
 Stormes, George H. 
 Snyder, Gilbert V. 
 Shelbeck, Casper 
 Sherman, Ransom 
 
 Schully, Thomas 
 Schopp, Jacob 
 Striker, William H. 
 Saco, John 
 Shlotman, Frederick 
 Smith, Wm. 
 Smith, Wm. F. 
 Torney, Lawrence 
 Whitmore, Charles 
 White, John F. 
 Wilkens, Willett P. 
 Williams, David W. 
 Wolfe, John H. 
 Wickes, Henry 
 Yahr, Wm. 
 
 COMPANY "E." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Michael Bailey, Capt 
 Wm. Brown, First Lieut. 
 Timothy Lynch, Second Lieut. 
 Jas. Kavanagh, First Serg. 
 Bernard Smith, Serg. 
 Patrick Lynch, Serg. 
 Thomas Delaney, Serg. 
 Edward Johnson, Serg. 
 Edward J. Marsh, Corp. 
 
 Wesley G. Sheldon, Corp. 
 Michael Fahey, Corp. 
 Daniel Brice, Corp. 
 Charles Pettis, Corp. 
 Patrick Carrol, Corp. 
 Willard D. Smith, Corp. 
 John Allen, Corp. 
 John Lord, Musician, 
 James Kilfry, Musician, 
 
 Anderson, Andrew 
 Armstrong, Charles 
 Armstrong, John 
 Benz, Frederick 
 Brown, John 
 Barns, John 
 Boden, James 
 Brice, Neal 
 Burges, Samuel 
 
 Wm. Bradley, Wagoner. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bixby, Theodore 
 Cooney, John 
 Cassady, Luke 
 Charlson, Jonas 
 Debrink, John H. 
 Donohoe, John 
 Dalaney, John 
 Dashbro, John 
 Davis, Jack 
 
 Dunbar, James 
 Frank, C. P. 
 Goodenow, Joseph 
 Grund, Henry 
 Grameler, John 
 Geror, Joseph 
 Hayes, Edward 
 Honold, George 
 Henderson, Henry 
 
Appendix. 
 
 415 
 
 Hook, John 
 Harshept, Leonard 
 Harrold, Paul 
 Hommeorlear, P. P. 
 Hurlburt, Simon B. 
 Hunt, Oscar M. 
 Halligan, John 
 Jonas, Daniel 
 Jackson, John 
 Killien, Peter 
 Eane, Patrick 
 Loman, Gerret 
 Leversey, Lester 
 
 Little, Thomas 
 Manion, Thomas 
 Mann, Frederick 
 Mills, Samuel 
 McDougal, James 
 Martin, Charles 
 Patrick, Robert 
 Phillips, Ernst 
 Potter, Gilbert S. 
 Post, Norman 
 Root, Charles 
 Rankle, Lawrence 
 Slattery, Edward 
 
 Siebert, Jacob 
 Smith, Sirus 
 Schunman, Philip 
 Seaton, Philip 
 Steel, William 
 Smith, Wilber S. 
 "Weighend, Geo.H. 
 Wade, John 
 Walsh, John 
 Watkins, John 
 Winter, Andrus 
 Zimmerman, Henry. 
 
 Charles H. Rauert, Capt. 
 Chas. F. Gardner, First Lieut 
 C. E. Claussen, Second Lieut. 
 Wm. Meyers, First Serg. 
 A. C. M. Wilting, Serg. 
 Michael Friday, Serg. 
 Seymour F. Phelps, Serg. 
 Edgar Flemming, Serg. 
 Daniel Herwell, Corp. 
 
 COMPANY "F." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 George A. Adams, Corp. 
 Henry Heintz, Corp. 
 Calvin P. Janson, Corp. 
 John L. Schlegel, Corp. 
 August Giebler, Corp. 
 John M. Edson, Corp. 
 John G. Heintz, Corp. 
 George Benzino, Drummer, 
 Henry Knodel, Fifer. 
 
 Albersdorfer, Joseph 
 Alexander, Jacob 
 Aldrich, Frank 
 Becker, Wm. 
 Barlow, Robert 
 ^Bernhardt, Henry 
 Block, John George 
 Brown, Gottlieb 
 Brentner, Nicolaus 
 Bromler, Wm. 
 Banner, John 
 Critz, Johann T. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Carley, David 
 Demhuth, Ullrich 
 Draper, Orville O. 
 Eismann, Felix 
 Fischbach, B. 
 Franke, Edward 
 Fox, Hartmann 
 Gates, John 
 Gattie, Anthony 
 Gattie, Charles, 
 Geurnie, Mathias 
 Gamin, C. A. 
 
 Gamin John D. 
 Hoag, .josepli 
 Hayes, Henry 
 Hartman, Friedrich 
 Huber, Martin 
 Harrison, Andrew 
 Hurd, John M. 
 Kemper, Friedrich 
 Kimmerling, C. 
 Kohler, Jacob 
 Kappler, Louis 
 Lindow, Fritz 
 
416 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Leupold, August 
 Lower, Jacob H. 
 Main, Frederick F. 
 Marshall, John 
 Mangoldt, John 
 Merz, Andrew 
 Muenckin, Franz 
 Palrnitor, David 
 Pauly, Daniel 
 Penth, Rudolph 
 Ragin, Joseph 
 Rebsarnen, Henry 
 
 Rieger, John 
 Rocksch, E. A. V. 
 Reinhardt, J. G. A. 
 Ructes, Louis 
 Ryer, Henry- 
 Shank, Henry 
 Schick, Adolph 
 Shupp, Louis 
 Schlichtmann, J. H. 
 Schuler, Philip 
 Staudt, Anton 
 Staudter, Louis 
 
 Steigleder, Henry 
 Stephen, Peter 
 Strickland, Edgar 
 Schiddel, Stephan 
 Usborne, Edward 
 Usher, Charles 
 Volck, Peter 
 Wahl, Charles A. 
 Wendelip, Louis 
 Wolfer, Lorenz 
 Younglove, R. W. 
 Zahn, Henry. 
 
 George Hinson, Capt. 
 Samuel S. Kellogg, First Lieut. 
 Jacob L. Barnes, Second Lieut. 
 Timothy Linahan, First Serg. 
 Sharp Adams, Serg. 
 Benjamin Stafford, Serg. 
 
 COMPANY " G." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Samuel C. Hixon, Serg. 
 Edwin M. Brown, Corp. 
 "William Straight, Corp. 
 James G. Bennett, Corp. 
 Joseph Webb, Corp. 
 Patrick Miller, Musician, 
 
 Frank Rummel, Musician. 
 
 Auld, Robert 
 Brazill, Michael 
 Broadbent, Benj. 
 Barnum, Charles L. 
 Benton, Donald 
 Bridenbecker, Geo. 
 Betts, James H. 
 Baker, Nichols 
 Brown, Win. E. 
 Baldwin, Hiram G. 
 Bennett, Ira 
 Briscoe, Edward 
 Barton, William 
 Becker, Henry 
 Burgheggar, Henry 
 
 FBJCVATE8. 
 
 Birmingham, David 
 Bain, William 
 Brown, Charles 
 Bailey, James P. 
 Berryman, Alex. 
 Camp, William 
 Carco, Frederick 
 Clark, Luther 
 Caffrey, Francis 
 Currie, Archibald 
 Devoe, James H. 
 Dishel, Michael 
 Evans, Frank 
 Enright, George 
 Eddy, John, Jr. 
 
 Freeman, Ernst H. 
 Foreman, Frederick 
 Funday, Charles H. 
 Foster, William F. 
 Gibbons, James 
 Goodrich, Augustus 
 Gordon, John 
 Guidel, Herman 
 Halster, Barney 
 Hawley, John 
 Hilland, John 
 Hunt, George 
 Haines, Erastus 
 Herr, Edmund B. 
 Hull, George 
 
Appendix. 
 
 417 
 
 Jones, John 
 Jones, W. Griffith 
 Kirk, Kobert 
 Kramer, Louis 
 Kane, Thomas 
 Kroffman, John J. 
 Leonard, George 
 Laverly, John 
 Morgan, George 
 McDermott, Barney 
 Milhan, James 
 McGregor, William 
 Mathew, Solomon 
 Miller, Sampson L. 
 McClintic, Charles 
 Noonan, James 
 O'Halloran, Patrick 
 
 Peligrin, Eugene N. 
 Portwood, Chas. J. 
 Palmer, Alfred H. 
 Powley, Joseph 
 Quackenbush, S. 
 Riley, John 
 Ray, Alexander 
 Root, Calvin 
 Richards, Oscar F. 
 Ryan, John, Jr. 
 Simmer, Joseph 
 Skinner, Nelson 
 Shults, Wm. H. 
 Smith, David C. 
 Snediker, John 
 Salisbury, E. A. 
 Strickland, "Wm. 
 
 Saxoier, John 
 Thuringer, John M. 
 Taylor, "William 
 Thompson, Sandford 
 Taff, Merrit 
 Turner, Ira O. 
 "Van Hatton, Martin 
 Whitebread, Leonard 
 Willis, William 
 Weatherwax, S. 
 Wick, Levi 
 Weaver, Charles E. 
 Whitney, Lewis A. 
 Williams, John 
 Williams, David 
 Yenin, John W. 
 
 P. Edwin Dye, Capt 
 R. B. Smith, Jr., First Lieut 
 C. E. Walbridge, Second Lieut. 
 Charles Dye, First Serg. 
 Albert C. Fuller, Serg. 
 Horace Smith, Serg. 
 Fred. A. Thatcher, Serg. 
 S. L. Thatcher, Corp. 
 George A. S. Kent, Corp. 
 
 COMPANY "H." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Albert Smith, Corp. 
 Reuben Saxton, Corp. 
 Charles H. Dye, Corp. 
 Earl Dye, Corp. 
 Merton L. Brown, Corp. 
 Peter E. LaFort, Corp. 
 Jefferson P. Weter, Musician, 
 John Moissinac, Musician, 
 Frederick Harnes, Wagoner. 
 
 Austin, John 
 Bishop, Gardner C. 
 Blam, John 
 Briggs, Ransom 
 Booth, George 
 Briton, Alonzo 
 Brockway, Alex. N. 
 Bishop, William 
 
 PKTVATES. 
 
 Cole, Asa 
 Coleman, John C. 
 Carr, William 
 Crowell, Charles 
 Cook, John 
 Cushman, A. P. 
 Cole, Thomas 
 Crowell, William I 
 
 Coyle, Erastus 
 De Forest, Daniel 
 Daugharthy, O. B. 
 Dailey, Jacob 
 Dean, William 
 Drake, Jobiel 
 Dye, Lewis 
 Daugharthy, B. G. 
 
418 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Dugan, Michael 
 Dugan, Barney- 
 Emery, Curtis J. 
 Everfso, Paul 
 Feme, William 
 Fone, Charles 
 Germain, Charles 
 Germain, George F. 
 Gerring, Frederick 
 Hills, Hoel 
 Harder, Jacob 
 Hull, Elias M. 
 Hiles, William 
 Harker, John 
 
 Kimball, Job 
 King, Noah . 
 Lamphere, James 
 Manney, Michael 
 Mitchell, Robert 
 Manley, William 
 Murray, Hugh 
 McGuire, Owen 
 Pomeroy, Titus 
 Putnam, Hartley 
 Patterson, S., Jr. 
 Rose, Sylvester W. 
 Saxton, James 
 Sotlo, Izzard 
 
 Stone, Harry 
 Skinkler, Wm. H. 
 Sohm, George 
 Sharp, John 
 Stiver Manuel 
 Sharp, Albert 
 Tanner, Edward O. 
 Thompson, Joseph 
 Wilcox, Charles T. 
 Wilcox, Daniel 
 Wharton, Thomas 
 Wright, William 
 Weller, Benj. T. 
 Whaples, John W. 
 
 COMPANY "I." 
 
 Charles E. Morse, Capt. 
 Frank C. Brunck, First Lieut. 
 H. H. Haddock, Second Lieut 
 Fred. Sandrock, First Serg. 
 Robert L. Hurst, Serg. 
 Cornelius B. Adriance, Serg. 
 Joseph B. Mason, Serg. 
 Walter Keller, Serg. 
 Lester P. Stickney, Corp. 
 
 Chas. F. Taylor, Corp. 
 Patrick Farrell, Corp. 
 John S. Schnuberger, Corp. 
 James F. Hale, Corp. 
 Hilton A. Hoyt, Corp. 
 David Schoonmaker, Corp. 
 Thomas R. Boon, Corp. 
 Charles Bartell, Musician, 
 Charles Ottenot, Musician, 
 
 ^William Merrisfleld, Wagoner. 
 
 Adolph, George 
 Abraham, Robert 
 Bruckner, Gustav 
 Bengel, John 
 Blake, George 
 Byrnes, Thomas 
 Bradley, Merritt E. 
 Bennett, James 
 Cavanagh, William 
 Coogan, John 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Cronyn, Cornelius 
 Cope, Edward 
 Cannon, John 
 Capple, Wallace 
 Charlesworth, John 
 Cartwright, W. 
 Deurringer, Appolus 
 De Molitor, John 
 De Greeney, Charles 
 Dreschel, Agustus 
 
 Duncan, Myron N. 
 Dickson, Joseph 
 Dlx, Joseph 
 Fitzpatrick, Michael 
 Fairbanks, James 
 Grossman, Frederick 
 Green, James 
 Geyou, Patrick 
 Gibbons, Thomas 
 Guimen, John 
 
Appendix. 
 
 419 
 
 Gilbert, Lewis 
 Harriman, John 
 Hounsomni, James 
 Henderson, John 
 Hegeman, Thomas 
 Hannah, John 
 Ittel, John 
 Julie, Pierre 
 Jones, William C. 
 Kean, John 
 Ladds, Henry P. 
 Linderman, Edward 
 Livingston, Charles 
 Lawrence, James 
 McGriggin, James 
 
 Morgan, Philip 
 Mawhiney, Joseph 
 McLaine, Anthony 
 Minzer, Frederick 
 McTavish, Robert 
 Magee, Benjamin 
 Moriety, Daniel 
 Miller, Henry 
 Naylon, Thomas 
 Nealon, Dennis 
 Orth, Felix 
 O'Brien, Edward 
 Parr, Thomas 
 Parker, George 
 Poppenberg, F. 
 
 Philipp, Lorenz 
 Riter, Philip J. 
 Riker, George N. 
 Sullivan, Jerry 
 Sharrick, Millard M. 
 Shea, Andrew 
 Strong, Martin 
 Smith, Alexander 
 Skinner, Frederick 
 Scrafford, Charles N. 
 Tompkins, William 
 Thomas, Augustus 
 Trist, Edward 
 Wood, Marcus 
 Wagner, Adam. 
 
 COMPANY "K." 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Charles H. Henshaw, Capt. Oliver B. Bond, Corp. 
 
 John Wilkeson, Jr., First Lieut. John Crane, Corp. 
 W. Granger, Jr., Second Lieut. John Gibson, Corp. 
 Charles F. Sheffer, First Serg. 
 William H. Baker, Serg. 
 Edward Pratt, Serg. 
 Lewis Buffom, Serg. 
 Pius Schumaker, Serg. 
 George Proeger, Corp. 
 
 John Pearson, Corp. 
 James Shepherd, Corp. 
 William H. Stacy, Corp. 
 Martin G. Langgath, Corp. 
 George W. Cooley, Musician, 
 Fayette Baker, Musician, 
 
 Charles E. Barrow, Wagoner. 
 
 Adams, Peter 
 Abrahams, Robert J. 
 Allen, James 
 Baker, Madison C. 
 Barkell, Anthony 
 Buffom, Thomas J. 
 Brown, John 
 Brown, Bernard 
 Brower, William 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Boyd, John 
 Bohmert, George 
 Clouse, George 
 Carroll, William C. 
 Cheney, Walter 
 Coons, Henry 
 Dreres, Frederick 
 Davy, Frank 
 Eddy, Charles D. 
 
 Eddy, Stephen C. 
 Eaton, Melvin 
 Frymiller, Phillip 
 Flint, William S. 
 Gobar, John 
 Hoye, William 
 Hitchcock, P. H. 
 Holmes, Herrick 
 Henshaw, Henry C. 
 
420 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Hewitt, Cyrus J. 
 Jacoy, Charles 
 Jones, George 
 Kelley, Daniel J. 
 Lamb, John 
 Moore, Reuben 
 Miller, Nelson 
 Miller, Edward W. 
 Moneghan, Peter 
 Moore, Orlando L. 
 Myers, Marks H. 
 Matthews, William 
 McAlpen, Michael 
 
 Maloy, Thomas 
 Newland, George 
 Phelps, Rual 
 Phelps, Josiah 
 Rus, George 
 Reid, James 
 Ryan, Patrick 
 Rounsfell, James 
 Smith, Asa B. 
 Shepherd, Charles 
 Shultenburgh, John 
 Sloan, Peter 
 Schliphoger, Henry 
 
 Sheldon, Joshua 
 Tingus, Albert H. 
 Tanner, Lanson G. 
 Trevathan, John 
 Van Horn, George 
 Wichsel, Michael 
 Wrankle, Nelson 
 Werner, Michael 
 Wilhelm, Jacob 
 Ward, James 
 Wightman, Benjamin 
 Whitman, Joseph 
 Westfleld, Cornelius. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 421 
 
 LIST OF NAMES 
 
 RECRUITED BY 
 
 THE BOARD OF TRADE 
 
 FROM AUGUST 1, 1863, TO OCTOBER 1, 1862. 
 
 Anderson, Andrew 
 Anderson, Charles 
 Allen, James 
 Bale, John G. 
 Barker, Peter 
 Barker, John 
 Berle, Caspare 
 Bos, William 
 Bennett, Elijah 
 Blanco, George 
 Blanchard, Lather 
 Barnum, George G. 
 Burtice, Richard 
 Bilhofer, Lewis 
 Bahrins, Christian 
 Bagley, James 
 Baker, John 
 Ball, George II. 
 Ball, Andrew 
 Bamenan, C. 
 Barnum, James G. 
 19 
 
 Bartram, George 
 Barthauer, Wm. C. 
 Baumler, Henry 
 Betz, Mathew 
 Billington, John S. 
 Birch, Thomas 
 Blauvelt, Wm. E. 
 Bowen, Benjamin 
 Brenchley, H. S. 
 Britting, George 
 Broker, Joseph 
 Brown, William P. 
 Burback, Jacob 
 Burger, Frank 
 Burke, Michael 
 Bluck, Frederick 
 Bull, Alonzo 
 Chiles, Henry 
 Casey, Frank 
 Coster, Fred. L. 
 Coleman, Daniel 
 
 Cook, James 
 Garnish, Daniel 
 Chamberlain, Asell R. 
 Crothers, Edward E. 
 Coppell, Frederick 
 Chasselett, Alex. 
 Conry, Henry W. 
 Cook, Edward L. 
 Clark, George N. 
 Cannon, Thomas C. 
 Cornel], Mansfield 
 Carly, Thomas 
 Chase, William 
 Cunningham, Wm. 
 Con, William 
 Clennut, Francis 
 Clark, Willard 
 Drlggs, Anson T. 
 Davies, Philo 
 Dick, James A. 
 Donahue, John 
 
422 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Dill, John 
 Davis, Henry 
 Dreyer, August 
 Daniels, Peter 
 DeGraff, Harvey F. 
 Downing, F. A. 
 Davy, James 
 Deleon, Charles M. 
 Daylton, Charles 
 Dodsworth, James 
 Ellis, Hiram 
 Eggert, William 
 Ellsworth, Henry C. 
 Ely, Jr., Samuel 
 Ebben, Ellis 
 Eggleston, C. H. 
 Eighme, George H. 
 Flint, George 
 French, James H. 
 Farke, August 
 Fagen, Matheas 
 Furthmiller, Wm. 
 Feger, John G. 
 Farley, Bernard 
 Gilroy, Francis 
 Gilmor, James 
 Gleeson, John 
 Gotz, Andrew 
 Gost, Frederick 
 Gester, Charles 
 Gooden, George 
 Gauchat, Ami 
 Galach, Philip 
 Goff, William 
 Grant, John 
 Godfrey, Rodman T. 
 Gardiner, James H. 
 Gascorgne, F. R. 
 Goodfellow, John 
 Haas, Charles 
 
 Hofmann, Philip 
 Hunt, Charles 
 Hunt, Martin N. 
 Hubbell, Dennis A. 
 Hunt, Henry 
 Hieman, Joseph 
 Heamans, Joseph A. 
 Hiemans, Henry 
 Hoetzeleiss, J. G. 
 Hanley, John 
 Handfist, John B. 
 Hall, Albert A. 
 Hoffelt, Michael 
 HUlburner, C. 
 Hoover, Joseph 
 Hayden, William P. 
 Harrar, Paul 
 Hushold, Jacob 
 Holtslander, E. B. 
 Hurd, John 
 Husted, Frank H. 
 Hughes, Richard 
 Henry, William 
 Heinbrunn, Philip 
 Hicks, William H. 
 Hinderir, Frederick 
 Heston, Charles T. 
 Hascall, Jasper 
 Hoffman, George 
 Hauchanhin, Max 
 Herlan, John J. 
 Herrin, William 
 Hart, William J. 
 Hartley, William 
 Healey, Michael 
 Henderson, Robert 
 Head, Jonathan E. 
 Isdell, George W. 
 Jastin, Hamblet 
 Jangraw, Nicholas 
 
 Jones, Henry J. 
 Johnson, Mathew 
 Jensen, Christian 
 Judson, Billa M. 
 Karn, Adam, Jr. 
 Kratz, Joseph 
 Karney, Alexander 
 Kneller, Frank C. 
 Kress, George 
 Kirsch, David 
 Kirsch, Adam 
 Kleebe'rg, John L. 
 Kane, John 
 Kelley, Lafayette 
 Koiff, George 
 Kilhofer, John 
 Kauferman, George 
 Knoller, Lawrence 
 Krauss, Henry 
 Latten, Anson 
 Lewis, James 
 Lindsey, Charles 
 Lanenberger, John 
 Lotz, Charles 
 Larkin, Major C. 
 Lapoint, Clofar 
 Lansing, Henry G. 
 Lang, George 
 Leonard, Peter 
 Langmyer, John 
 Leonard, John 
 Lattelberg, William 
 Lythe, Alfred 
 Lawrence, Wm. 
 Linder, Andrew 
 Manhar, Thomas 
 Mossop, Isaac T. 
 McGregor, Wm. J. 
 McCatchrine, John 
 McGraugh, Peter 
 
Mattarn, George 
 Mason, George, 
 McDonald, John 
 Miller, Christian 
 Mensch, Willliata . 
 Menner, Christian 
 Mason, William H. 
 Mason, Qeorge 
 Mitoheil, William 
 Montgomery, J. S. 
 Miller, Joseph. 
 Mathews, Willi*™ 
 Manning, John S. 
 Morey, Aadpew 
 Miller, John W. 
 Meier, Christain 
 Mowat, Daniel 
 McKay, Donald D. 
 McGraw, Patrick 
 Montague, George 
 Matthew, Henry 
 Miller, Eobert 
 Molter, Jacob 
 McBride, Thomas 
 Newberry, William 
 Newell, George W. 
 Neabergle, Jacob 
 Norgel Michael, 
 Newland, Austin 
 Noeller, Fred. A. 
 O'Connor, Roderick 
 Ostrander, P. V. L. 
 Otto, Charles L. 
 Olmes, Frederick 
 Pelo, Robert H. 
 Putnam, Henry W. 
 Putnam, John 
 Partridge, E. E. 
 Partridge, Fred. S. 
 Piper, Newton 
 
 Agpendiw. 
 
 Pickering, William 
 Page, Thomas 
 Pangburn, E. S. 
 Philips, Wm- .¥. 
 Parker, Warren J, 
 Pixley, Gustavus J. 
 Payne, Wiljiam 
 Peters,. Carl ; 
 Quigiey, Thomas , 
 Quill, Simon 
 Riley, John 
 Roth, Peter 
 Runkle, phas. H. 
 Rice, James 
 Russell, Thomas 
 Ragan, John 
 Redshaw, James 
 Robins, Francis E. 
 Roats, Henry 
 Rider, George 
 Rayner, Thomas 
 Ritzert, Philip 
 Rollo, William 
 Rose, Raynham 
 Rose, Spencer 
 Rowe, George 
 Ruth, Anthony 
 Schrenk, Jacob 
 Schafer, Frederick 
 Schanzlin, Jacob F. 
 Schnellar, Frederick 
 Shaner, Nicholas 
 Sheldon, William 
 Shoop, Edward 
 Sizer, Merit A. 
 Skeldon, John E. 
 Schagime, Peter 
 Shlar, Harmon 
 Stoddard, Geo. N. 
 Sawmitzer, John 
 
 423 
 
 Sheehan, Michael 
 Sibley, Richard 
 •Seymour, Frank 
 Staring, Stephen 
 Schaup, Henry 
 Stowell, Wm. 
 Schlencker, George 
 Schafer, Karl , . 
 'Schwartz, Jplan G. 
 Stams, John D. 
 Staley, Christopher 
 Sabertj Pauline 
 Stowits, George H. 
 Sinsheimer, Joseph 
 Stowell, Ralph P. 
 Stintman, John 
 Skeldon, Charles 
 Skinner, Julius F. 
 Smallshaw, T. W. 
 Smith, Nicholas 
 Sticking, Jerome J. 
 Stofleld, Frederick 
 Stewart, Sheldon 
 Swab, John 
 Sweeney, Owen 
 Summers, William 
 True, Ransum B. 
 Townsend, Edward 
 Thompson, Henry 
 Teabrier, Michael 
 Trink, George 
 Thompson, David 
 Tombers, Albert 
 Teterling, William 
 Towns, Oscar 
 Turner, Clemens 
 Taylor, William 
 Till, Edward 
 Trautman, Fred. 
 Ulrich, Philip 
 
424 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Urban, Jacob 
 Underbill, Delos 
 Voon, John A. 
 Valentine, Spissinge 
 Van Buren, A. J. 
 Webb, George J. 
 Welsh, Richard 
 Williamson, James 
 Weeks, Merrit 
 Weise, John T. 
 Wyner, John P. 
 Welch, Michael 
 Waring, W. B. 
 Winters, Henry 
 
 Whiting, John J. 
 Williams, Samuel 
 Waite, C. H. Jr. 
 Waldron, E. C. 
 Wurl, Ernst 
 Washington, George 
 Williams, William 
 Wilder, Ebenezer 
 Walcott, John C. 
 Walls, William L. 
 Woods, James 
 Whitbuck, J. P. 
 Wyndham, D. H. 
 Wagerle, Charles 
 
 Weaver, Valentine 
 Weaver, Toney 
 Wood, Hiram T. 
 Warham, John B. 
 White, David 
 Wiggins, Robert 
 Wulf, John 
 Williams, Edwin V. 
 Weber, Jacob 
 Wilson, Wellington 
 Walltein George 
 Yerger, John 
 York, Albert 
 Young, Philip.