:^ Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924084313786 In compliance with current copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1992 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 1999 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY O U l_iJ tr c/l < HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN, NEW-HAMPSHIRE, THE OLD NO. 4, EMBRACING THE PAEI BORNE BY ITS INHABITANTS IN THE INDIAN, FRENCH AND REVOLUTIONARY WARS, AND THE VERMONT CONTROVERSY. ALSO GENEALOGIES AND SKETCHES OF FAMILIES, EEOM ITS SETTLEMENT TO 1876. By Rev. Heney H. Saundeeson. PRINTED rOK THE TOWN BT THE CLAREMONT MANUFACTURING COMPANY, CLAREMONT. N. H. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, BY GEORGE OLCOTT, FOR THE TOWN OF CHARLESTOWN, N. H., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. PREFACE. The author and compiler would say in this preface that he has drawn his information from every available source, and that he is especially happy to acknowledge his obligations to the labors of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Bouton, Hon. E. P. Walton, Benjamin H. Hall, Esq., and Hon. Hiland Hall, whose ■works in the preparation of this history have been invaluable— also to the earlier Historians of New-Hampshire and Vermont and the Historical So- cieties of these States. He would also acknowledge his great indebtedness for information derived from the following Town Histories, viz. The Histo- ry of Groton, Peperell and Shirley, by Caleb Butler — of Old Hadley, by Judd — of Northfield, by Hon. George Sheldon and Rev. J. H. Temple — also to the History of Concord, Massachusetts, by Lemuel Shattuck. As the in- dividuals from whom he has received important information are so numer- ous that they cannot be particularized, they will please accept his thanks for information imparted, with the assurance that their favors are remembered. To the members of the Historical committee, Horace Metcalf, Esq., Chief Justice Cashing, George Olcott, Esq., Rev. Francis Chase, Rev. Eugene De Normandie, David P. Darrah, and the gentlemen composing the select- men in 1873, '74, 75 and 76, Eben H. Tidd, Charles Gay, Roswell W. Robert- son, Benjamin W. Putnam, John W. Taylor, Robert R. Allen, Franklin W. Putnam and Rufus W. Pipei% he would return his thanks for the great kindness with which he has been treated while discharging the arduous duties that have devolved upon him in connection with his work. He also desires to acknowledge his obligations to the members of his family, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Saunderson and Heniy P. Saunderson, without whose con- stant assistance and ever ready sympathy he feels that this history could never have been completed. H. H. S. ILLUSTRATIONS. Frontispiece, Main Stkeet— South. BUILDINGS. South Parish Church 245 St. Luke's Church , 262 Residence op Shbrma.n Paris 499 Stable and Pavilion of Sherman Paris 500 Residence op George Olcott 607 Town Hall 717 LANDSCAPES. Main Street, North 1 Great Meadow 28 North Charlestown 266 Up the River from Peter A. Evans' 335 South Charlestown 432 Plumbago Falls at H. Metcalf's Mills 633 Village Plot 636 PORTRAITS. Rev. J. Crosby, D. D 235 Henry Hubbard 42i Ralph Metcalf 478 Horace Metcalf 48o Simeon Olcott 486 George Olcott 493 William A. Rand 533 Enos Stevens 570 Dr. Samuel Webber 594 Levi Willard 623 CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Circumstances" connected with the granting of No. 4, by Massachusetts Bay, and matters preliminary to its settlement. Page 1. CHAPTER II. Settlement of No. 4— Provisions for its Defence — The anticipated War between England and France begins — Defence of the place till the close of 1746, when the Settlement is deserted for the Winter, Page 14. CHAPTER III. Circumstances that led Massachusetts to send a company of Rangers under command of Captain Phineas Stevens to re-occupy the fort at No. 4, in the month of March, 1747. The place bravely defended against the attack of Gen. Debeline, and other events and transactions of the War to the Peace of Aix la Chapelle, Page 33. CHAPTER IV. History of Charlestown, from the nominal Peace of Aix la Chapelle till the Spring of 1757, when it became a military station under the supervision of the Commander-in-Chief of his Majesty's forces, Page 53. CHAPTER V. History of Charlestown from the Spring of 1757, to the Conquest of Canada, Page 76. CHAPTER VI. The Rangers— Their Character, Training, Duties and Hardships. Their Indian Enemies — Results of the Conquest of Canada — Desire for immi- gration—Town affairs from 1753— Town Meetings— Progress of Popula- tion—Names of Settlers before 1776, Page 89. VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER VII. Charlestown in the Revolution — Last town meeting warned in his Majesty's name — Measures taken by the town — Citizens patriotic — Representa- tion at Bunker Hill — ^The town a depository of Military Stores, &c. — Oflicers from Charlestown in New-Hampshire regiments — Ticonderoga — Fears of an invasion by Connecticut River Towns — Charlestown the place of rendezvous for the Soldiers of General Stark — Battle of Bennington and scenes following, Page 105. THE VERMONT CONTROVERSY. CHAPTER VIII. Origin of New-Hampshire Grants — ^Territory claimed both by New- York and New- Hampshire — Appeal to the king— Decision in favor of New- York — ^New-York legislation excites the settlers, who take measures to ' form a new State — Legislature meets .it Windsor — Sixteen towns from east side of the Connecticut River, petition to unite with the new State — Union formed — Dissolved — Various complications — Congress takes up the Controversy, Page 121. CHAPTER IX. Proceedings of Congress adverse to the interests of Vermont — Governor Chittenden and Council take the offensive — Congress fails to make its decision and postpones the subject indefinitely — New complications — Movements for a new State — Conventions at Walpole and Charlestown — Convention from Charlestown adjourned to Cornish — Matters till the new union of towns east of the Conaecticut River with Vermont, 135. CHAPTER X. Legal provisions for the towns east of the River — Session of the Assembly at Charlestown — Rejection of the Resolutions of Congress, of the seventh and twentieth of August — ^Various matters to the close of the Session, Page 156. CHAPTER XI. Collision of authorities, and proceedings of New-Hampshire and Vermont growing out of it, Page 168. CONTENTS. Vn CHAPTER XII. New Developments in the Controversy — Governor Chittenden writes to General Washington — General Washington's reply — Session of the Ver- mont Assembly at Bennington — ^Various Documents laid before them, by Governor Chittenden — Meeting of the Assembly with the Governor and Council in joint Committee — Resolves — Acts of the Assembly — Dis- solution of the Union and results. Page 194. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. CHAPTER XIII. Importance attached to the Christian ministry by Massachusetts and New- Hampshire — Provision for settling a Minister in their Charters, money raised and Committees appointed for securing preaching, and various matters to 1754. Call given John Dennis — Council for his ordination at Northfield, Mass. Ministry short — terminates in a year and a little over four month.s, Page 208. CHAPTER XIV. Ancestors of Mr. Oloott and the Olcott family — Bulkley Olcott — His educa- tion — Settlement in Charlestown — Church re-organized at the time of his settlement — His usefulness — ^Honors conferred upon him — His family — ^Account of his death — Dan Foster and the history of the Church till the incorporation of South Parish, Page 218. CHAPTER XV. Incorporation of South Parish — By-laws of— Measures for settling a pastor — Rev. Jaazaniah Crosby called and settled — His chai-acter and life — Burn- ing of his house — Death— Register of his family — Colleague pastors and others to April, 1876. Page 228. CHAPTER XVL History of the Evangelical Congregational Church — Of the Episcopal Church from its organization in the town, and the Methodist Church in the village. Page 251. CHAPTER XVII, History of the North Parish and Methodist Episcopal Church at North Charlestown, Page 267. GENEALOGIES and Historical Sketches of Charlestown families — Introduction, Page 273. Vlll CONTENTS. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. Original Grantees of No. 4, Page 633. Original Proprietors of No. 4, 634. Land Owners in Charlestown in 1754, 636. New-Hampshire Charter, 639. Names of the Grantees of Charlestown, 641. Revolutionary Patri- ots, 642. Soldiers in the War of 1812. Soldiers in War of Rebellion- First Regiment New Hampshire^Cavalry, 643. Members of Third N. H. Infantry— Members of Fifth N. H. Infanti-y, 644. Members of Sixth N. H. Infantry — Members of Seventh N. H. Infantry — ^Members of Ninth N. H. Infantry, 645. Fourteenth N. H. Infantry, 646. First Regiment N. H. Volunteer Heavy Artillery — Physicians, 648. Clergymen born in Charlestown— Lawyers who have practised in Charlestown — College Graduates, 651. The Old Jail, 653. Chronological Table of Marriages in Charlestown from 1751 to 1850, 654. Chronological Table of Publish- ments, 663. Town Officers from the organization of the Township under the New Hampshire Charter to 1876, 672. Lists of Purchasers of Pews, 680. Banks in Charlestown— Second Bank, 681. The Third Bank— Rob- bery of the Connecticut River Bank, 683. Cheshire Bridge, 684. Ferries — Boating on the River, 685. The Turnpike — Masonic Lodges, 686. Faith- ful Lodge, 687. Romantic Incidents in the courtship and marriage of Cynthia Hastings and Sophy Grout, two Charlestown girls of the olden time, 688. Bears and Bear Stories, 691. Deer Reeves — Fish Culture in Charlestown, 693. The Great Elms and other Trees, 694. An Incident in Church, 696. Common Schools in Charlestown, 697. Other Schools, 704. Mrs. Gilchrist's School— Mrs. Pratt's Scliool — Ride to Wentworth's Fer- ry—Wolf Hunt, 705. The First Stove— Lights— Flax, 706. Potatoes- Cemeteries, 707. Public Bequests, 709. Tax Payers in Charlestown in 1792, 710. Citizens of the North Parish of Charlestown in 1810— Citizens of Charlestown in 1812, 712. Table of number or value of Horses, Neat Stock &c., for -the years specified — Census of Charles- town, as returned to Gov. Wentworth, by the Selectmen, Decem- ber 14th, 1773, 714. Street Lights — Libraries — Boot and Shoe Manufac- ture — Charlestown Boot and Shoe Co. — ^Names jipplied to different local- ities, 715. What did our Grandfathers and Grandmothers eat ? 716. What did our Grandfathers drink ?— Town Hall— Post Rider, 717. Cor- rections and Emendations — ^Then and Now, 718. Index of some of the important subjects and names of persons contained in the first 207 pages, 723. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWiN. CHAPTER I. Circumstances connected with the granting of No. 4, bt Massa- chusetts Bat, and matters preliminary to its settlement. ilHE following facts afford an explanation without which much that is of interest in the granting, settlement and early history of No. 4, will fail to be understood. At the time of the grant- ing of No. 4, by Massachusetts Bay, it was supposed that the territory now included in the township of Charlestown, was embraced within that province. When the Charters of Massachusetts Bay and New- Hampshire were granted, the explorations of the country had been so imperfect that the knowledge of its geography possessed by the sov- reigns of Great Britain was both limited and inaccurate. As a conse- quence no little confusion was ultimately produced, resulting in con- flicts for jurisdiction arising from indefinite boundaries. In these conflicts, not only New-Hampshire and Massachusetts, but Connecti- cut and New- York became involved, and in the nature of the case this was unavoidable as, in numerous instances, different grautees were invested by their charters with right to the same territory.* Thus the western boundaries of Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut were by their charters upon the South Sea or Pacific Ocean ; while Charles II. had granted to his brother, the Duke of York, the Province of New Netherlands, which lay along the Hudson River, directly west of these colonies. Here was direct and palpable conflict, which nothing but mutual concession and compromise could settle. The boundaries of New-Hampshire and Massachusetts, though not in the * See B. J. Lossing'n Life of Gen. Schuyler. 2 HISTORY OP CHAKLESTOWN. same manner conflicting, were still indefinite and undetermined, as each province claimed by its charter a divisional line greatly differing from that which was insisted upon by the other. It was absolutely essential, therefore, to an established peace and harmony between these provinces, that some line of division should be mutually agreed upon, or that an appeal should be made for a decision to the power from which their charters had been originally derived. It being found that the former course was more likely to create new complications 'than to result satisfactorily to either of the parties, the feeling on the part of New-Hampshire, at length became so intense for ascertain- ing definitely her territorial jurisdiction, that it was determined in 1733, to present a petition to his majesty, George II, praying for the appointment of commissioners, whose duty it should be to ascertain the respective boundaries of the two provinces. In accordance with this determination the petition was prepared and presented, and, to quote from the Provincial Records of New-Hampshire, "Upon hear- ing of both parties before the Attorney and Solicitor General, the Board of Trade and the Council, His Majesty was pleased by his order in Council, the 9th February, 1736, to direct that a Commission should be prepared and pass Under the great Seal, authorizing Com- missioners to mark out the dividing Line between the Provinces of the Massachusetts Bay, and New-Hampshire, giving Liberty to either Party therein, who thought themselves aggrieved to appeal therefrom to his Majestic in Council. In Pursuance of his Majesty's said Com- mission, Commissioners met and reported their Determination, special- ly; upon which both Provinces appealed to His Majesty in Council, and aftsrwards their Lordships reported to His Majesty as their Oppiuiou 'That the Northern Boundaries of the Massachusetts Bay are and be a similar curve line pursuing the Course of Merrimac River at three Miles Distance from the North side thereof, beginning at the At- lantic Ocean, and ending at a Point due North of a Place, in the plan returned by said commissioners, called Pautucket Falls, and a straight Line Drawn from thence due West crossing the said River till it meets with His Majesty's other Governments, and that the rest of the Commissioners' said report of Determination be affirmed by his Majesty. In 1738, His Majesty was Pleased with the advice of his Privy Council to approve of their Lordships' Report and to confirm it accordingly, in Consequence whereof the Line has been marked out." After the petition of New-Hampshire for a divisional line between HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 3 the two provinces, during tlie years 1735-36, and while the decision of His Majesty was still pending, the General Court of Massachusetts Bay granted above thirty townships between the rivers Merrimac and Connecticut ; which townships upon the running (that is determining) of the divisional line in 1738, fell within the Province of New Hamp- shire ; and among them were those granted under the designations No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 ; which are the present townships of Chesterfield, Westmoreland, Walpole, and Charlestown ; which though they had fallen within the limits of New-Hampshire, were all subse- quently settled in dependence upon their grants received from Massa- chusetts. The settlers therefore, as their grants had emanated from an authority which had no jurisdiction over the soil, had, as it was claimed, no valid title to their lands. And this they must have known, as the final decree of his Majesty fixing the boundary line, bears date March 5th, 1740 ; and we find a petition of the proprietors of No. 4, dated Sept. 29th, 1740, to His Majesty, praying to be re- annexed to the Massachusetts Province, to which they had supposed they belonged. This was before any considerable settlement had been made. But notwithstanding their title was uncertain, we find that the settlement was still continued, though for the most part under different proprietors till 1753 ; when in consequence of the report of the Attorney and Solicitor General in relation to what was right and proper to be done concerning those townships which had been granted by Massachusetts, in which it was substantially recommended, that proprietors who had made improvements on their lands, should be con- firmed in the rights and privileges given them by their grants from that State, application was made by petition to New-Hampshire to that efiect, which was readily and cheerfully granted. Thus Charles- town was for between twelve and thirteen years after its settlement substantially a Massachusetts town. The circumstances which led to the granting of the above men- tioned townships by the Province of Massachusetts within the limits of New-Hampshire, are explained by the action of her General Court in the years 1735-36. A large number of petitions having been present- ed to the General Court, asking for grants of townships, a committee was appointed to take them into special consideration. This cdmmit- tee was appointed on the 14th of January, 1735, and " the next day January 15th, 1735, Edmund Quincy, Esq., from the committee of both Houses on the petitions for townships &c., gave in the following report." 4 history of chablestown. Kepoet. The Committee appointed, the Fourteenth Currant, to take into Con- sideration the several Petitions for Townships, now before the Court, and Keport what may be Proper for the Court to do thereon, Hav- ing met and maturely Considered the same, are Humbly of opinion. That there be a Careful View, and Survey of the Lands between Merri- mack and Connecticut Rivers from the North West Corner of Rumford on Merrimack, to the Great Falls on Connecticut, of Twelve Miles, at the least, in Breadth, or North and South, by a Committee of Eleven Able and Suitable Persons, to be appointed by this Court. Who shall after a due Knowledge of the Nature and Circumstances thereof, lay the same into as many Townships of the Contents of Six Miles Square, as the Land in wedth, as aforesaid, will allow of; No Township to be more than Six Miles East and West. And also Lay out the Land on the East side of Connecticut River, from said Falls to the Township Laid out to Josiah WLllard, and others, into as many Townships of the Contents of Six Miles Square as the same will allow of, and also the Land on the West side of the River of Connecticut from said Falls to the Equivalent Land into One or Two Townships of the Contents of Six Miles Square, if the same will allow thereof. Five of which Com- niitteeto be a Quorum for Surveying and Laying out the Townships on each, from Rumford to Connecticut River as aforesaid ; And Three of the Committee aforenamed shall be a Quorum for Surveying and Lay- ing out the Townships on each side of Connecticut River as aforesaid ; And that the said Committee make Report of their Doings to this Court at their Sessions in May next or as soon as Conveniently they can, that so the Persons whose Names are Contained in the Several Petitions hereafter mentioned viz't.; In the Petition of Hopkinton ; In the Pe- tition of Salisbury and Almsbury ; In the Petition of Cambridge ; In the Petition of Bradford and Wenham ; In the Petition of Haverhill ; In the Petition of Milton and Brookline ; In the Petition of Samuel Chamberlain and Jonathan Jewett ; and In the Petition of Nathaniel Harris &c.; In the Petition of Stephens and Goulden and others ; In the Petition of Morgan Cobb.&c, Jonathan Welles &c., Lyscomb and John- son &e.; In the Petition of Isaac Little &c.; In the Petition of Jona- than Powers &c., John Whitman, Esq., &c., Samuel Haywood &c., Jo- siah Fassett and others, John Flynt and others, Jonathan Howard and others, of Bridgewater that have not heretofore been admitted Grant- ees or Settlers within the space of Seven years last Past of or in any formei' or other Grant of a Township or Particular Grant on Condition HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 5 of Settling ; and that shall appear and give Security to the Value of Forty Pounds to Perform the Conditions that shall be enjoined by this Court ; may by the Major Part of the Committee be admitted Grantees into One of the said Townships ; The Committee to give Public Notice of the time and Place of their meeting to admit the Grantees, Which Committee Shall be Impowered to Etaploy Surveyors and Chainmen to assist them in Surveying and Laying out said Townships ; The Prov- ince to bear the Charge and be Repaid by the Grantees who may be admitted, the whole Charge they shall advance. Which Committee We apprehend ought to be Directed and Impowered to admit Sixty Set- tlers in each Township and take their Bonds Payable to the Committee and their Successors in the said Trust, to the Use of the Province for the Performance of the Conditions of their Grant, viz't. That each Grant- ee Build a Dwelling House of Eighteen feet Square and Seven feet Stud at the Least on their Respective Home Lots and Fence in and Break up for Plowing, or clear and Stock with English Grass Five acres of Land within Three years next after their admittance and cause their Respective Lots to be Inhabited, and that the Grantees do within the Space of Three years from the time of their being Admitted Build and finish a Convenient meeting House for the Public Worship of God, and settle a Learned Orthodox Minister ; And in case any of the Grant- ees Shall fail or Neglect to Perform what is enjoined as above. The Committee Shall be Obliged to put the Bonds in suit and take Posses- ion of the Lots and Rights that shall become forfeit and Proceed to Grant them to other Persons that will appear to fulfill the Conditions within One Year next after the said last mentioned Grant. And if a suf- ficient Number of Petitioners that have no Grant within Seven years as aforesaid, (Viz't. Sixjy to each Township) do not appear others may be Admitted, Provided they have fulfilled the Conditions of their for- mer Grant. The Committee to take care that there be Sixty three House Lots Laid out in as Regular Compact and Defensible a manner as the Land will allow of. One of which Lots shall be for the first Set- tled Minister, One for the Second Settled Minister and one for the School. To each of which an equal Proportion of Land shall Accrue in all future Divisions." Fryday, January 16, 1735. " In the House of Repbesentatives, Ordered: — That Joseph Gerrish, Benjamin Prescot, Josiah Wil- ard. Job Almy Esquires, Mr. Moses Piersou and Captain Joseph Gould with such as the Honorable Board shall join be a Committee 6 HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. to all Intents and Purposes to Effect the Business Projected by the Re- port of the Committee of Both Houses to consider the Petitions for Townships which Pass'd this Day, Viz't.:— On the Proposed Line be- tween Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers and on both sides of Connect- icut River and that there be granted and allowed to be Paid out of the Public Treasury after the Rate of Fifteen Shillings per Diem (to each of the Committee) for every Day he is in the Service in the Woods, and subsistence, And Ten Shillings per Diem for every Day to each one of the said Committee while in the Service in admitting Settlers into the Said Township, and Subsistence to be Paid as aforesaid. In Council, Read and Concurred, And William Dudley, Samuel Welles, Thomas Berry, Joseph Wilder, and John Chandler, jun'r.. Es- quires are Joined with the Committee of the House for the Line be- tween Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers, &c. At a Great and General Court Held in Boston the Twenty- fourth day of November One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty- Six the following Vote Passed the two Houses and was Consented to by the Governor viz't. Voted — That Thomas Wells of Deerfield, Esq. be and hereby is empowered to assemble the Grantees of the Township Number Four on the East Side and next adjoining to Connecticut River giving timely Notice to the said Grantees admitted into said Town- ship by the Committee of this Court to meet and assemble at some Suitable Place in order to Choose a Moderator and Proprietor's Clerk and Committee to Allot and Divide their Lands and to Dispose of the same and to Pass such Votes and Orders as by them may be thought Conducive for the Speedy fulfillment of their grants and also to agree upon methods for Calling of meetings for the future, provided none of their Votes Concerning the Dividing and Disposing of their Land that shall be passed while they are under the Care and Direction of the Committee of this Court shall be of force before they are Allowed of by the said Committee." By the words " At a great and General Court held in Boston on the twenty-fourth day of November &c.," it does not mean that the above vote was passed on that day for it was not passed till the De- cember following. The committee consisting of eleven persons from both houses of the General Court had proceeded in the discharge of their duty to lay out the specified townships on the Connecticut river and had subsequently in the month of Sept. 1736, given notice to the petitioners to meet at Concord, Massachusetts, for the purpose of com- HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. 7 plying with the conditions on which they would be granted. * A large number attended the meeting, of whom sixty complied with the condi- tions prescribed and were admitted as grantees." The south bound of township No. 1, was placed at a point on the river four and one half miles and twenty rods north of the southerly end of Merry's meadow (which would be near the present dividing line between Hinsdale and Chesterfield). The north bound of No. 4, was in the upper part of the present town of Charlestown, N. H. The plat of these townships known by the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4, was accepted by the General Court, November 30, 1736, and December 13, the following persons were appointed and empowered to call the first meeting of the several proprietors for organization, viz. Samuel Chamberlain, of Westford, for No. 1, (Chesterfield) ; Nathaniel Harris, of Watertown, for No. 2, (Westmoreland) ; John Flint of Concord, for No. 3, (Walpole) ; Thomas Wells, of Deerfield, for No. 4, (Charlestown). Thomas Wells, Esq., of Deerfield, having been empowered to call the first meeting of the Grantees of No. 4, records his notification as follows : Hampshire ss. Deerfield, March 29, 1737. " Pursuant to the order or authority above granted to me the Sub- scriber, I have caused the grantees or the Proprietors of the Township of Number Four above mentioned to be Notified to meet at the house of Joseph Billings in Hatfield on Tuesday the Fifth of April next at Ten o'clock in the forenoon by Posting notifications of the Time, place and Occasion of Said Meeting in the Towns of Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield, Deerfield and Sunderland the Places where the grantees dwell." This meeting was notified on the petition of Jonathan Wells of Deerfield, and met at the time and place appointed. Capt. Thomas Wells of Deerfield, was chosen Moderator, and Ben- jamin Dickinson of Hatfield, Proprietors' Clerk; and the following persons viz. Capt. Thomas Wells, Capt. Nathaniel Coleman, Lieut. Joseph Clesson, John Catting,"!' and Noah Wright were voted commit- tee for the township ; whose duty, it should be, as early as convenient, to repair to it, and inspect it, and in the first place, lay out sixty - three house lots, upon upland, in the most defensible manner they * See History of Northfield, p. 226. For names of the sixty bondsmen and also of the proprietors, see Miscellany. ■j- John Catlin. 8 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. could, agreeably to the order of the General Court, in the place which had been previously selected by the Proprietors, or if on exam- ination, any other location should be adjudged more convenient, it was left discretionary with them to lay them out there. They were then to proceed to divide the meadow and interval lands in the town- ship into one or more divisions " to and amongst the proprietors" as on inspection, they might consider most conducive to their interests ; yet it was left to the direction of the committee either to make a division of the whole of the meadow land, or only a part of it, as they should judge best. The committee were also directed to lay out convenient and necessary highways in the township, and in all the divisions of the lands. They were moreover directed to ascertain convenient places for a corn mill, and saw mill, and make a report of doings in the premises for the confirmation of the proprietors, at their next meeting ; the whole to be done at the charge of the proprietors. The following method was also adopted for calling subsequent meetings, viz. " That Five of the proprietors of Said Township, applying themselves to the Clark of Said Proprietors, in their application setting forth the Time, place and Occasion of Said Meeting ; and the clerk Setting up Notifications in the towns of Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield, and Deer- field, Five days at least before the time of Said Meeting ; Setting forth also in the said Notifications, the Time, place, and Occasion of Said Meeting, shall be Sufficient for the calling of a meeting of the Said Proprietors for the future." The following vote was also passed at this meeting. " Voted — By the proprietors that they will Choose a Committee to re- quire an account of those persons, that were Entrusted with the money for Carrying on the Petition for the afore Said Township ; and also to Receive from the former Committee an account of their Charge, in viewing the land in Said Township ; and their Charge in Laying out and Dividing the same, so far as they proceeded ; and that the said Com- mittee, when the accounts are adjusted, to lay the Same before the Proprietors to pass thereon, at their next meeting. Voted — That Capt. Israel Williams, Noah Wright, and Nathaniel Kellogg be a Committee for the End afore Said. The next meeting of the proprietors is thus recorded in the Pro- prietors' Records — page 11. " At a meeting of the proprietors of the Township No. 4, on the East HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 9 Side of the Connectieut River, at the House of Joseph Billings, in Hat- field, on Tuesday, the 28th of June, Anno Domini, 1737. 1st. Voted— That Capt. Nathaniel Coleman of Hatfield, be Moder- ator of the Proprietors Meeting. 2d. Voted — The whole aceompts that hath been past of money expended and Labour done for bringing forward the Settlement of S'd Township. 3d. Voted — That the whole aceompts here rendered, in proportion be paid by each man, before he draws his Lotts. 4th. Voted — The sum of fourteen pounds money, be granted to be Improved for Making and cuting a Road, as the direction of the pro- prietors shall be hereafter. 5th. FoW— That Ensign Zach. Field of Northfield, and Orlando Bridgman of Fort Dummer, be a Committee with their Assistants for marking and cuting a Road. 6th. Voted — That each Prop'r shall pay his Proportion of money agreed upon by the Proprietors, before he draws his lotts. 7th. Voted— ThsLt the lots (viz.) No. 14, 15 and 19 to 38, that is not judged in quality, equivolent to other lots, that the Committee that shall hereafter be chosen shall determine how and whatXiand each one shall have, to make those lots Equivolent to other Lots. 8th. Voted — That they make choice of Joseph Billings, of Hat- field, Proprietor's Treasurer. 9th. Voted — That they allow Nath'l. Dickenson, of Hatfield, three shillings [O. T.] for bringing up the Proprietor's Book. 10th. Voted — That the Several divisions of Lots that are now Laid out, be drawn for by those that have paid their money.* 1. Voted — That the house lots be drawn for. 2d. Voted — That the Meadow lots in the first Division be drawn for. 3. ' Voted — That the Second Division of Meadow lots be drawn for. 11th. Voted — That the Proprietor's Treasurer shall pay to the Respective Persons Their Several Sums of money that is due to them as their aceompts then lay before them. 12th. Voted — That such Proprietors, that have not drawn their Lots, which are left in the hand of the Treasurer, first paying their propt)rtion of past charges, may draw them with calling the Clerk and Treasurer together. * See Miscellany for this drawing. 10 HISTORY OF OHARLESTOWN. 13th. Voted — That we will choose a Committee to Confer with men about the building of a Saw Mill and Corn Mill, upon the most easy terms they can. 14th. Voted— Ca,pt. Nath'el Coleman, Ensign, Zach. Field, Noah Wright, Nath'el Kellogg and John Catting be a Committee for the affors'd. 15th. Voted — That we will reconsider the eleventh vote. 16th. Voted — That the former Committee that were chosen to take in accompts, (viz.) Capt. Israeli Williams, Nath'el Kellogg, Noah Wright, shall be empowered to give order to the Proprietor's Treas- urer to pay out moneys to the several persons to whom it is due. 17th. Voted — That we employ Nath'el Kellogg, of Hadley, to lay the plan he hath taken and draught of the township No. 4, &c. for the approbation of the general Court's Committee. 18th. Voted — That we accept the return of the Committee, refering to the Laying out the Letts and Highways, and Confirm them Agree- able as they are laid in the plan. 19th. Voted — That Joseph Billings' account be allowed for charges that hath arisen by the Proprietors, (viz.) £ 3 3s lOd. 20th. Voted — That the meeting be adjourned to the third Tuesday of October at eight of the clock in the morning. AN ADJOURNMENT. At an adjourned meeting on the eighteenth of October, A. Domini 1737 at the House of Joseph Billings in Hatfield. 1st. Voted — That Capt. Nath'el Coleman be one of the Persons with the Clerk and Treasurer, for persons to apply to, to draw their lots, and that either two of the three, shall be suflicient to draw his lott with paying his money. 2d. Voted — To make choice of John Catting to join with Orlando Bridgman, as a committee in behalf of Ensign Zach. Field to view and Mark a rode in the most Convenient Place as they Like Best to S'd Township. 3d. Voted — That this meeting be adjourned to the first Tuesday in January at eight of the Clock in the morning, to the House of Capt. Nathaniel Coleman, of Hatfield, Anno Domini 1737. AN ADJOURNMENT. " At an adjourned meeting on the 3d day of January, A. Domini 1737 at the house of Capt. Nathaniel Coleman at Hatfield, Inn- holder &c. HISTORY OF OHARLESTOWN. 11 1st. Voted — That we will chuse a Committee to Prosecute (as the Law Directs) the Law upon Such persons as'Eefuseand Neglect to pay their just proportion of Past Charges. 2d. Voted — That we choose a Committee to Confer with the Pro- prietors of some of the Neighboring Towns to do their Proportion in Cuting a road to such Townships as they Shall agree to. 3d. Voted— C&pt. Thomas Wells, Capt. Nath'el Coleman, Lieut. Joseph Clessou, Dea. William Dickingson, Nath'l Kellegg, John Cat- ting Com'tee men for afores'd Purpose. 4th. Voted — That Nath'el Coleman Shall have too pounds. Ten shillings for providing for the Proprietors. 5th. Voted — That Lieut. John Smith shall have one pound, five shillings for past Charges for the Proprietors. 6th. Voted — The sum of Eight Shillings to Joseph Billing, for past Charges. The affores'd votes were voted at the affores'd Meeting, as attest, Nathaniel Coleman, Moderator. A true copy, attest, Benj. Dickinson, Proprietor's Clerk. The foregoing votes were presented to the Committee of the General Court for Approbation, which were read and approved of by s'd. Com- mittee. Wm. Dudley. Boston, 28th June, 1738." The next proprietor's meeting was held at the house of Obadiah Dickinson in Hatfield, Nov. 8th, 1739, and was called 1st. To chuse a Proprietors Clerk. 2nd. To take Suitable measures for the encouraging of the building of a Mill or Mills, in sd Township. 3d. To raise money to defray past Charges, and for the building of a Mill or Mills if need be, or otherwise to be disposed of according to the Direction of the proprietors. 4th. To do what may be thought proper in cuting ofi" a Rode to said Township, and for the doing everything else that may be thought Prop- er for the bringing forward the Settlement of the Township. The notification was signed by Benjamin Dickinson, Proprietors Clerk, and dated at Hadley, Oct. 22, 1739. At this meeting Thomas Wells, Esq. having been elected Moderator, - Major Israel Williams was chosen Proprietors Clerk, and sworn in ac- cordingly, when the following business was transacted. 12 HISTOKY OF CHARLBSTOWN. It being proposed to said meeting that they would take some Suit- able Measures for the Incouraging the building of Mills in said Town- ship, they thereupon. Voted — That that matter be refered to the Committee heretofore chosen for said purpose, to do and Transact in that affair agreeable to said vote Chusing a Committee. Voted — That Thomas Wells, Esq. and Samuel Dickinson of Hadley be aded to sd Committee in the room of Mr. Zachariah Field and Noah Wright, who do not appear to act further 4n sd affair. Whereas — The proprietors have been at considerable charge, and Moneys are now due to several persons who have been employed in the Service of said Proprietors, agreeable to your votes. Therefore, Voted — That they will raise a Rate of two Hundred and Seventy pounds Upon the Proprietors, in order to defray the Same to be paid to the said Proprietors Treasurer. Voted — That Mr. Israel Williams, Nathaniel Coleman and Nathaniel Kellogg be assesors fourthwith to proportion and assess the aforesaid Sum of Two hundred and Seventy Pounds upon the Proprietors, Each one their due and equal proportion thereof: and when they have per- fected the said assesments, to commit the Same to the person, that Shall be Chosen Collector, who shall forthwith collect the same and pay it to the sd Proprietors Treasurer. Voted — That Mr. Israel Williams, Nathaniel Coleman, Nathan- iel Kellogg be a Committee to adjust accounts with all persons that have any Challenges upon the Proprietors, who shall and hereby are Impowered to give orders to the sd proprietors Treasurer for the Payment of what upon adjustment shall be due to them for Serv- ice done, and Moneys expended by order of said Proprietors ; the said Treasurer is hereby ordered to pay the same in full discharge thereof. Voted — That if there be any Surplus remaining in the hands of the Treasurer, after the debts of said Proprietors are paid, it shall be in his hands for the farther orders and Disposal of said Proprietors. Voted — That Mr. Israel Williams, Nathaniel Coleman, and Nathan- iel Kellogg be a Committee to attend the direction of law for making sale of all such delinquent Proprietors rights of Land, as shall neglect and refuse to pay their part of the affores'd Assessment, as by law limi- ted and required. Voted — That the Expenses of this Meeting at the house of Mr. Obe- diah Dickinson be paid by the Proprietors of said Township. HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 13 The foregoing votes were passed by the said proprietors in the affore- s'd Meeting. Attest, Thomas AVells, Moderator." The next meeting is thus recorded in the proprietors record : " At a Meeting of the Proprietors of No. 4, ou the East Side of the Connecticut River, being Legally warned and assembled this 29th day of Sept, 1740. The Proprietors being informed that by the Determination of his Majesty in Council respecting the Controverted Bounds between the Province of the Massachusetts Bay and New-Hampshire, they are Excluded from the Province of the Massachusetts Bay to which they always Supposed themselves to belong ; Therefore Unanimously Voted that a Petition be refered to the Kings' Most Excellent Majesty, seting fourth our distressed Estate and praying we may be annexed to the said Massachusetts Province ; That Thomas Hutchinson, Esq. be Impow'd to present the said petition to his Majesty, and to appear and fully to act for and in be- half of this Town Respecting the Subject matter of said Petition accord- ing to His Discression. Thomas Wells, Moderator. Voted — That the charges of this Meeting Amounting to the sum of £2. 11. 0, be paid by the proprietors. Thomas Wells. " How much had been done previous to this time in preparing No. 4 for settlement cannot now be ascertained. That some money had been expended is certain, but it is equally certain that some of the improve- ments which the proprietors voted to make had not been made. From their petition to his Majesty to be reannexed to Massachusetts, if the proprietors ever heard, no record was made of it. It was of such a na- ture that they could scarcely have had any expectation that it would receive a favorable answer. The exclusion of the township from Massachusetts was a great disappointment to the proprietors, and proved for upward of twenty years an exceedingly prolific source of trouble to the settlers, as from this history will hereafter be seen. CHAPTER II. Settlement op No. 4. — ^Provisions for its Defence — The anticipa- ted War between England and France begins— Defence op the place till the close of 1746, when the settlement is deserted FOR THE Winter. HE first settlement of No. 4 was made by three brothers, Sam- uel, David, and Stephen Farnsworth in 1740. They were natives of Groton, Massachusetts, but at the time of their re- moval to No. 4, were of Lunenburg. They were soon followed by Isaac Parker and sons, and Obadiah Sartwell from Groton, John Hastings of Hatfield, Moses Willard of Lunenburg and Phineas Stev- ens of Rutland, Massachusetts. To appreciate the situation of these settlers, it is necessary to have some knowledge of the progress which the country had made at that time. Beginning then, at Boston, at that time as now the principal place in New England, we must not imagine it as containing its tens of thousands of inhabitants, but a taxable population of about eighteen hundred ; for this, according to Holmes, was the number it contained in 1742. The same writer puts down the number of its dwelling houses, as seven hundred and nineteen. From this, we shall immedi- ately perceive, that it is not the Boston of our present ideas. In the same year the taxable persons in the county of Worcester, were about three thousand two hundred. The settlement most easily reached, was at Northfield, Massachusetts, which was on the Connecticut river, about forty-five miles below ; for though there were a few inhabi- tants at Upper Ashuelot, now Keene, and Lower Ashuelot, now Swanzey, there was no other way, at the time, of reaching them, ex- cept by way of Fort Dummer. The nearest settlements within the present limits of New-Hampshire, with the exception of those already mentioned, were on the Merrimac and its branches. These were Peuacook, now Concord, Suncook, now Pembroke, Contoocook, now Boscawen, New Hopkinton, now HISTOKY OP CHARLESTOWN. 15 Hopkinton, Souhegan East, now Merrimac, Souhegaa West, now Amherst. Hollis was also settled under the name of Nissitissit, or the West Parish of Dunstable. West of the Connecticut, there were no settlements in the territory, now included in the State of Vermont, with the exception of Fort Dummer ; and on the north, there were none this side of the borders of Canada. No. 4, was, therefore, the most advanced frontier settlement, environed by deep forests on every side, and the most exposed to the enemy in case of a French or Indian war, which, owing to the disturbed relations of France and England, was at any time probable. Indeed it was the apprehension of such a war that had long been the means of restraining emigrations, and preventing the progress of settlements on the Connecticut river, the lands on -which were reputed to be exceedingly desirable. But the time at length arrived, when circumstances combined to create suffi- cient motives to induce their occupation, notwithstanding disastrous results had attended nearly all previous settlements on the river. It has been seen that the township of No. 4, was granted originally by Massachusetts, but that subsequently, by the decision of King George II. it was found to lie within the boundaries of 'New-Hamp- shire, and that on learning this, the proprietors had petitioned the King to have the township set back again under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. This was in September 1740, and before the next meeting, which was held September 1, 1742, most of the proprietors had disposed of their interests in the township, probably owing to the doubtful character of their titles, at a very cheap rate. Only three of the original proprietors became settlers. Thes^ were Captain Phin- eas Stevens, Lieutenant Ephraim Wetherbe and Stephen Farns worth. A few others held their titles for a while, but eventually disposed of them. The settlement of the township was very slow, as, in 1744, there were not in it more than nine or ten families. This probably arose not so much from the inability of the proprietors to give sufficient titles to those who might have had a disposition to purchase their lands, as from certain signs which indicated that so far an advanced frontier was not likely for any considerable time to be safe. The French government had already commenced that series of agressions, through deeply laid plans, through which it undoubtedly calculated on ultimately becoming the ruling power upon this continent, and these plans were not only watched with anxiety by the Provinces but by the home government. The state of the times was therefore very 16 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. unsettled, and far from inspiring confidence in those who felt desirous of making for themselves new homes in the wilderness. For, in case of a war with France, there was certain to be in the American Prov- inces, as a necessary appendage, a war with the Indians. And this was generally understood. For though for some years previous the savages had held friendly relations with the inhabitants on our west- ern frontier on the Connecticut river, their character was too well known to allow of the expectation of their continuing their friendly intercourse, while the two nations should be at war. And an Indian war on the frontiers was far more than any other to be dreaded ; and of this the people were too well aware to place themselves rashly in a position of immediate exposure to its dangers. Indeed the bare idea of one of their raids, was sufficient to excite in the minds of the set- tlers a degree of consternation seldom if ever experienced in the most terrible scenes of civilized warfare. Their cruelty was prover- bial, and nothing stood in the way of its exercise but their cupidity, which had grown with them to be so engrossing a passion as often to overcome their desire for exterminating their enemies, from the large reward which they hoped to obtain for their ransom. Their charac- ters were a compound of the basest qualities of the native Indian, com- bined with all that they could gather of greater baseness from the Canadian French of that period. The character of the Indian, when truthfully apprehended, can be contemplated with little complacency, when least corrupted by the vices of civilization ; but when affected by and brought under the power of these, it often reaches a point of degradation far below that which is reached by persons in civilized society who are brought under the same influences. It is true that human beings do not often become so demoralized as not to exhibit occasionally, some good and virtuous traits. Thus the tribe of In- dians whose place of rendezvous was in and around St. Francis, who for many years were the scourges of the settlers on the Connecti- cut, though far below the average savage, yet were not wholly defi- cient in qualities which were commendable and which have some- times been seized on, and made prominent to the alleviation of those darker traits in their characters, which it seemed about impossible to contemplate without feeling that they had little title to the appella- tion of human beings. Now with men of such characters roving the wilderness, still cherishing in their most friendly intercourse with the inhabitants, secretly hostile dispositions, and only awaiting fitting op- portunities for manifesting their hostility — making seasons of peace HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN, 17 only times for gaining knowledge which would be advantageous to them in war in making depredations and securing prisoners ; and moreover with the almost daily expectation that war would break out, who can wonder that the progress in the settlement was no greater ? No. 4 had been settled only about three years, when it became ap- parent that war could not much longer be deferred, and the inhabitants deemed it wise to adopt measures for their own defence. A meeting was therefore notified on the petition of the following proprietors, viz. David Farnsworth, Moses Willard, Phineas Stevens, Isaac Parker, jun., Obadiah Sartwell, John Avery,* and Charles Holden,t for the purpose of considering the present circumstances of affairs and the danger we are in of being assaulted by an enemy, in case a war should happen between the kingdoms of England and France ; and to consid- er and transact what is proper to be done in respect of building and furnishing a fortificatiou or fortifications in said Township for the de- fence and better security thereof. This meeting was notified by Dr. John Hastings, proprietors' clerk, and was held at the house of John Spafford, jr., Nov. 24, 1743. At this meeting the erection of the Fort having been decided upon, the following votes relating to the election of committees and other matters essential to the carrying out of their desiga were passed : 1st. Voted — That John Hastings, Lieut. John Spafford and John Avery be a Committee to take accompts of men's labor at the Fort and to see the Fort completed. (To this Committee John Spafford, jr., and Samuel Farnsworth were subsequently added.) 2nd. Voted — That a Carpenter be allowed 9s., Old Tenor, per day ; each laborer 7s, per day, and a pair of oxen 3s. 6d, per day, old Tenor. 4th. Voted — That the above Committee be Impowered to finish or complete the Fort so far as they shall judge nescessary and convenient. 5th. Voted^-That the charge of building the Fort shall be assessed upon, and paid by, the proprietors. 6th. Voted — That the Committee be allowed 6 £. lOs. 0, for setting up the house at the North-West corner of the Fort and Completing the same. 7th. Voted — That the sum of 12 £ be allowed the Committee to be * John 'Avery, afterwards Deputy Secretary of Mass. f Charles Holden, from Groton, Mass.; (son of Stephen and Hannah Sawtell Holden,) b. Oct. 22, 1721. 18 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. laid out to such workmen, as they shall agree with to fit up the house, that was Lieut. Witherby's so that it may be suitable to meet in, in such manner as the Committee shall think convenient. 8th. Voted — That the sum of £300, old Tenor, be assessed on the proprietors of the Township, for the charge that has arisen in building a Fort, and for paying the charge that shall arise in completing the Fort, so far that it may be convenient and defensible, and if all the £ 300 be not needful to be expended for finishing the Fort the over- plus to be laid out for other neseessary uses for the good of the pro- prietors. 9th. Voted — That Capt. John Spafibrd, Lieut. Phineas Stevens, and John Hastings, be assessors to proportion the aforesaid sum of £ 300 on the proprietors of ihe Township. 10th. Voted — ^That Samuel Farnsworth be a Collector to collect the aforesaid'sum of £ 300 and deliver into the hands of the proprietor's treasurer. 11th. Voted— That John Hastings be allowed 12 pounds for the ben- efit of his house, and the damasre of his land and the use of one of the rooms in the house now building on the east of the Fort so long as it holds peace. — He not to take his house from the Fort. 12th. Voted — That Capt. John Spafibrd, Lieut. Stevens, and John Hastings be appointed a Committee to keep the Fort in repair, and take care that no person come to dwell in any of the houses within the Fort, but such as they the said Committee shall approve. 13th. Voted — That Ensign Obediah Sartwell, Moses Willard and Lieut. Stevens be a Committee to pass accompts and order money out of the treasury to such persons to whom it may become due. , Immediately subjoined to these votes there is found in, the Propri- etors' Records the following ; but at what meeting passed is not apparent. " An acc't of what is allowed for houses and materials for the Fort. Fofed— Capt. Spafibrd for his house and timber, £ 23-0-0. Voted — To Lieut. Stevens for his house, £35.0-0. Voted — To Isaac Parker for stone, 46s.; Mantletrees, 6s.; Clay, 8s.: =£3-0-0. Voted— To Moses Willard for his house, £ 8-0-0 ; Stone, £ 1-6-0= £9-6-0. Voted— To Lieut. Witherby for his house, £ 35-0-0. Such were the proceedings of the inhabitants of No. 4, in relation to the erection and completion of their Fort — that little fortress which HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 19 was destined to be known subsequently all over the land, and the de- fence of which, wherever its tale should be told, would excite univer- sal admiration. The fort is said to have been built under the direction of Col. John Stoddard, of Northampton, Mass., who was for many years the prin- cipal military engineer on the Connecticut River Frontier, and had twenty years before superintended the building of the Blockhouse at Fort Dummer. That Col. Stoddard was consulted, and his counsel obtained is probable, though the fact does not appear in the Proprie- tors' Records. The fort was constructed in the manner of other forti- fications of the time, which were only intended to afford a defense against musketry. It covered, says Rev. Dr. Crosby, in his Annals of Charlestown, about three-quarters of an acre, which dimensions in the absence of any more definite measurement, we are under the neceessity of receiving. This would make it about the size of Fort Dummer, which was 180 feet on a side ; it being built in the form of a square. The walls were made of large squared timbers laid horizontally one above the other, and locked together at the angles in the manner of a log cabin. Within the enclosure were buildings called province hous- es. These, before being enclosed in the fort, had been the houses of Capt. John Spafibrd, Capt. Phineas Stevens, Lieut. Moses Willard, Lieut. Ephraim Wetherbe and John Hastings. In the enclosure was also a house which was newly built and which was situated in the north-west corner. The fort was stockaded on the north side by tim- bers about a foot in diameter, placed in the ground endwise, which were not far from twelve feet high. Fort Dummer was stockaded on every side. This, it appears, was done because, in the opinion of Lieut. Gov. Dummer, from whom it was named, it would add to its capacity for defense. But in this he did not agree with Col. Stoddard,* who in writing to him on the subject said " I forgot to take notice of your thought of setting stockadoes round the fort to keep the enemy at a * Col. John Stoddard, b. Feb. 17, 1682, graduated at Harvard in 1701, and be- came a lawyer in Northampton, Col. of a regiment and Superintendent of Defence, Judge of Probate, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, one of the Gover- nor's Council, &c. He was a man of ver}' superior intellect, high character and large wealth. He died, while attending General Court at Boston, June, 19th, 1748. His death was a serious loss to the western frontiers of Massachusetts to which his knowledge and skill in military matters had been of great service. His inven- tory was nearly $ 180,000, ;viz. real estate £18,238; personal estate, £17,19i. His gold watch, the first one had at Northampton, was appraised at £ 150. 20 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. distance. I don't well apprehend the benefit of it, for we intend the fort shall be so built that the soldiers shall be as safe if the enemy were in the parade" ( that is in the open space within the enclosure of the walls ) " as if thej' were without the fort " The province houses jvere placed directly against the walls of the fort, and so prepared on every side that they could be put in an immediate state of defence should the enemy by any means gain admittance to the enclosure, so that they would still have a hard battle to fight before the place could be taken. Such was the preparation for their defence which the inhabitants of No. 4 took the precaution to have in readiness against the time of war which they correctly anticipated would very soon come. Fort Dum- mer had been projected by Massachusetts, and the expense of its erec- tion paid by the State. But the settlers of No. 4, were under the ne- cessity of making provision for themselves, as New-Hampshire, within whose boundaries they had fallen, had no interest in'def^nding a fron- tier so far from her other settlements, and Massachusetts felt under no obligation to give them protection, as they were not within her juris- diction ; and had it not been that the circumstances became such that it was greatly for the interests of Massachusetts to afford them aid, in consequence of the protection which the fort afforded to the settlements below, they would have been neglected and have probably been driv- en away. It was thus fortunate that Massachusetts could not afibrd to neglect them though they had been cut off from her territory. When the boundary line was run, in 1741, between the provinces of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, Fort Dummer was supposed to be included in the latter Province. On this account an appeal was made by the government of Massachusetts to that State to assume its support. The subject was brought before the New-Hampshire Assembly on the 3d of May, 1745, when a majority of the lower House declined making a grant for that purpose and adduced in support of this decision the following reasons : " That the fort was fifty miles distant from any town which had been settled by the government or people of New-Hanipshire ; that the people had no right to the lands which by the dividing line had fallen within New-Hampshire, notwithstanding the plausible arguments which had been used to induce them to bear the expense of the line, viz. that the land would be given them, or else would be sold to pay that expense; that the charge of maintaining this fort at so great a distance, and to which there was no communication by roads, would HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 21 exceed what had been the whole expense of government before the line was established ; that the great load of debt contracted on that account and the yearly support of government, with the unavoidable expenses of the war, were as much as the people could bear ; that if they should take upon them to maintain this Fort, there was another, much better and more convenient Fort at a place called Number Four, besides sev- eral other settlements which they should also be obliged to defend ; and finally, that there was no danger that these forts would want support *lace it was the interest of Massachusetts, by whom they were erect- ed, to maintain them as a cover to their frontier." This has been quoted to show the position and feeling of New-Hamp- shire towards her newly acquired territory. It was certainly a cold greeting which the settlements on the Connecticut received when they were told that they had no right to their lands, and that they were of no consequence, either to the government or people of New-Hampshire, and that it was for the interest of Massachusetts to take care of them, and she might do it. To the honor of Governor Wentworth it must be said, that he had no sympathy with this method of proceeding. When the above reasons were therefore given, the Governor dissolved the Assembly and called anoth- er, to whom he recommended the same measure in the most pressing terms ; telling them "That it was of the last consequence to the present and future prosperity of the government ; that their refusal would less- en them in the esteem of the King and his Ministers, and strip the children yet unborn of their natural rights ; and deprive their breth- ren, who were then hazarding their lives before the walls of Louisburg, of their just expectations, which were to sit down on that valuable part of the Province." But his eloquence had no effect. They thought it unjust to burthen their constituents with an expense which could yield them no profit and afford them no protection. Belknap, 286. The inhabitants of No. 4 were thus forewarned that whatever might be their danger, they could expect no protection from the government of New-Hampshire, and that should they require aid in defending themselves they could look for it no where else but to Mas- sachusetts. Events demonstrated that the inhabitants of No. 4 had not taken measures for their defence any too soon. For the fort was scarcely put in order before war, as had been anticipated, was declared by Great Britain against France and Spain. This declaration was made on the 22 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. 29tli of March, 1744, though it was not proclaimed in Boston until the June following. But though war had been declared, no depredations, during the year, were committed on the frontiers, which were allowed to remain unmo- lested. The time was therefore spent in making preparations for fu- ture emergencies, by constructing forts and other defences against the storm which was not long to be deferred. Probably the French in Canada were employed in a similar manner, and in collecting and arm- ing the Indians for the terrible part they were to act in the next and following years. We shall better comprehend many things relating to this war, by un- derstanding the line of frontier which was open to attack, and which consequently required to be defended. It must be remembered, then, that the northern boundary of the settlements of New England and New York,' at that time, was limited by a line commencing at St. George River, in Maine, and running south-westerly parallel with the sea coast, embracing two or three ranges of towns until it intersected the Merrimac at Dunstable ; thence up that river to the mouth of the Contoocook, and ascending that river to its source, and continuing across the high lands to the head of the river Ashuelot; thence down that stream to Hinsdale and on a westerly course, crossing the Connect- icut River at Fort Dummer. Leaving the Connecticut at that point the boundary extended in a south-west direction, crossing Bernardston and Coleraine to North River, in the latter town ; thence down that river to its junction with Deerfield River, and up this river through the valley of Charlemont to Hoosac Mountain ; thence over the moun- tain nearly " in the old turnpike road" to Hoosac River, in Adams ; thence following that stream to its junction with the Hudson. This was the New England frontier to be defended, in addition to which, were such settlements as were on the Connecticut River above the Ashuelot. On this frontier nearly all the important places had erected tempo- rary fortifications, which were tenable only against Indian attacks with musketry, but which, as they were not liable generally to any different assaults, in the absence of stronger defences, answered very important purposes for their protection. They became places of refuge into which, in times of Indian incursions, the inhabitants could fl^ee and ordinarily be safe, till their savage enemies had passed on to make depredations on some other settlement, or were on their march back again to Canada, On this frontier, west of the Connecticut, the government of Mass- HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 23 achusetts, in the certainty that there was to be war, authorized the building of a cordon of forts, to extend from Fort Dummer to her western boundary ; and thence down that boundary to the north line of the State of Connecticut. Under this authorization the old defenc- es at Northfield and Greenfield were repaired ; some mounts were erect- ed and several houses were stockaded in Bernardston and Coleraine ; a strong fort was built in the present town of Heath at the expense of the government and called Fort Shirley, and another in Rome and named Fort Pelham ; and a stronger fortress still in the present town of Adams, called Fort Massachusetts. The following towns on the western frontier also had small defences, viz. Williamstown, Pittsfield, Stockbridge and Sheffield. At Blanford, farther in the State, a small work was also erected, not only for the protection of the settlers, but as a station on the then principal route to Kinderhook and Albany in the State of New York. In addition to these defences there were Josiah Sartwell's Fort or Blockhouse, built in 1738, in what was a part of Hinsdale but is now Vernon, Vt., and Bridgman's Fort, which was built the same year, and was deemed much stronger. Another fort was east of the Connecticut River and nearly opposite Sartwell's Fort in Hinsdale, N. H., and was built in 1743, by Rev. Ebenezer Hinsdell, who was one of the proprietors of No. 4. Upper and Lower Ashuelot were also fortified by small block-houses. Such was the frontier to be defended in this war, and such the fortifications on which the settlers were to depend for protection. A knowledge of the several routes by which the enemy were accus- tomed to approach the frontier from Canada will also afibrd us aid in understanding the situation of things. The routes were as follows :' — One was by the river St. Francis through Lake Memphremagog, thence over portages to the river Passumsic, which was followed to its junc- tion with the Connecticut at Barnet ; from which point they pursued their course down the latter river to the settlements. This route was the most northerly. Another, frequently traversed, was through Lake Champlain, by the present town of Whitehall, in New York, thence up what is now Pawlet River to its source, from which they would strike across the mountains to West River, by passing down which the Connecticut would be reached. Another convenient route to West River was by Otter Creek. Another route which was often followed in seeking the Connecticut was by Onion, Lamoille and White Rivers. But the most common route from Canada, and that which was most fre- quently followed by the Indians, was up the Otter Creek and over the 24 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. mountains to Black Kiver, the course of which was followed down to its junction with the Connecticut. When the Connecticut was reached, the enemy, according to the plans which they had in view, either de- scended it to Massschusetts, or struck off to the frontiers of New-Hamp- shire. At the time of the declaration of war, many Indians were residing about the frontiers, on the Connecticut and at the fishing stations on that river. By a friendly intercourse they had become known to the English settlers, and a kind of attachment had been created, which in case of war, it was hoped would operate as a check, both upon their cruelty and ferocity. But those who had cherished such expectations soon had the opportunity of rectifying their mistake, by discovering that their feelings of amity were only apparent, while they continued to cherish without abatement all their former hostility. Their incli- nations for plunder and carnage remained as ardfent as ever, and an opportunity for gratifying them being presented, they suddenly left their stations and repaired to Canada to add their numbers to the hos- tile tribes who were resident in that quarter ; and such was their zeal for beginning hostilities and their thirst for revenge, that, when they commenced their march from their stations on first hearing of the war, they actually fired as they were departing, upon the houses of the frontier settlers. And tliis was but a prelude to the scene that was to open ; for, perfectly acquainted with the topography of the country on the frontiers of the provinces, they were employed during the war not only on predatory incursions of their own, but also as guides to other more distant Indians, and the result was an amount of in- jury which it had scarcely been deemed in their power to inflict. As in 1744, so in 1745, No. 4 was left entirely unmolested ; and so far as the history of the place is concerned, it would be unnecessary to speak of the transactions of the latter year, were it not for the re- sults which were produced by them on the subsequent conduct of the war. But these were so great that they cannot well be passed by without at least a brief mention. In the opening of the war. Prance took the initiative. Her first step, and before it was even known in Boston or any where in the provinces, that war had been declared, was to seize on the Island of Canseau in the north eastern part of Nova Scotia, and carry the small garrison and inhabitants as prisoners of war to Louisburg, a very strong fortress on the Island of Cape Breton. All the houses were burned and the place was thoroughly destroyed. It was chiefly val- HISTORY OP CHAKLESTOWN. 25 uable on account of its fisheries which were carried on principally by the people of New England. Other places were also assaulted by the French, but their attacks were unsuccessful. The prisoners taken at Canseau were soon sent to Boston where Governor Shirley gained such information from them respecting Louisburg, as to lead him to form the project of taking it. This for- tress had been erected at an expense of five aild a half millions of dol- lars and was by far the strongest in America with the exception of Quebec. Its reduction however was undertaken by four thousand troops from Massachusetts, Connecticut and New-Hampshire, under command of Sir William Pepperell ; no information in respect to the expedition having been communicated to the mother country. The troops sailed from Boston the last week in March 1745 ; and a re- quest having been made to Commodore Warren to assist the expedi- tion, he accordingly arrived from the West Indies where he had been stationed, with a sixty gun ship and two or three frigates before Louis- burg. In the last of April the troops to the number of three thousand eight hundred landed at Chapeaurouge Bay, and on the second of May burned the warehouses containing the naval stores of the enemy. This alarmed the French, who spiked their guns, flung their powder into a well and abandoning their defences fled to the city. At this the troops composed of the hardy yeomanry of New England began the toils and hard.ships of the siege in earnest. For fourteen nights in succession they submitted to be yoked together like oxen, and dragged cannon and mortars through a morass two miles in extent, the ground being such that cattle could not be used. The work was done in the night, as by day the enemy's artillery commanded the ground. But they considered themselves paid for all their hardships by the glorious victory which soon crowned their endeavors. The garrison capitula- ted on the 17th of June, but the French flag was kept flying till it decoyed into the harbor, ships of the enemy, to the value of 600,000 pounds sterling. By the capture of Louisburg, the government of France was both chagrined and terribly excited, and immediately commenced to put forth all its energies for retrieving its afiairs, and bringing disasters of every kind on the British American Provinces. And to help them in their work the Indians were specially instigated, and the efiects of this new energy were soon felt by the inhabitants of the frontiers of New- Hampshire and Massachusetts. Up to April, 1746, No. 4 had been unmolested ; but on the 19th of that month it was visited by a party 26 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. of about forty French and Indians, under the command of Ensign De Neverville, who took Capt. John Spafford, Lieut. Isaac Parker and Stephen Farnsworth, prisoners, and burnt the saw mill and grist mill which the Proprietors had encouraged Capt. Spafford to erect, and which had been in operation only about two years. The following extract of a letter from Upper Ashuelot (now Keene,) dated April 23d, 1746, re- lates to this affair.* " We hear from No. 4, a new township to the westward, that three men, with a team of four oxen, having been at a saw mill, to fetch boards, were surprised by a party of Indians, and the men, being missing, are supposed to be either killed or made pris- oners ; the oxen being found, dead, with their tongues cut out." They had been to the mill and were returning with their load, when an ambus- cade was formed for them into which they fell and were taken captive. They were conducted to Canada, and, after a considerable time, were permitted to return to Boston, under a flag of truce.f The long suspense in which the settlements were kept, in regard to the fate of those who disappeared from among them, was one of the most trying things of this war. Weeks usually passed, and often months, before any information concerning them was received. And to many a husband and wife and son and daughter, the period that intervened was a season of anguish scarcely to be borne. And we never can have any proper realization of the trials of the early settlers of No. 4, while this item of their sufferings is left out. (See sketches of these men.) The savages, having thus prosperously commenced their incur- sions, continued, during the remainder of the spring and summer, to make frequent inroads upon the frontiers ; and calamities followed many of the settlements thick and fast. The Indians were constantly on the alert, to do all the mischief in their power, and no sooner had they done all the evil they could in one settlement, than they were off, in some unexpected direction, to fall upon another. On the 2d of May, in less than two weeks from the time of the first inroad into No. 4, having attacked, in the meanwhile, the fort of Upper Ashuelot, and visited the neighborhood of Northfield and prowled around New Hop- kiuton, they again appeared in the place, and Seth Putnam, the first victim of Indian vengeance, was killed. * The very day this letter was dated (see Annals of Keene, page 19,) a party of Indians attacked Keene. f Capt. John Spafford returned Aug. 16, 1747. He petitioned the government of Massachusetts for aid. — His house burned, his lands damaged for want of mow- ing, his family numerous. (Sheldon's letter.) HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. , 27 The following are the circumstances under which this happened. — As the women, towards evening, were going out to do their accustomed milking, they were attended by Major Josiah Willard, the son of the commander of Fort Dummer, and several soldiers as a guard. On ap- proaching the booth or barn, where the cows were stalled, they were immediately fired upon, by a party of eight Indians, who were lying in concealment and awaiting their arrival. One shot took fatal effect on Mr. Putnam, but none of the others were injured. But as they saw Mr. Putnam fall, and, according to their custom, sprang forward for the purpose of scalping him, the Major and his men fired upon them in turn, mortally wounding two of their number; when, dragging their dying companions after them, they made a precipitate retreat. (See descendants of Seth Putnam.) This event overspread the settlement with gloom, and excited in the minds of the inhabitants, as it well might do, the most anxious fore- bodings in relation to what was to come — and led them to realize, what was the fact, that there was to be, thenceforth, no safety, not even in the presence of an armed guard. For three weeks from this event the utmost excitement prevailed ; for, as the garrison was small and unequal to the repelling of any considerable force, the inhabitants stood waiting in constant expecta- tion of another of their incursions. But though the Indians were still active, and made their presence felt, during this time, at Contoocook, Lower and Upper Ashuelot, Bernardston, Coleraine and Fort Massa- chusetts, they did not appear again at No. 4. But these excitements and the gloom connected with them in the minds of the people were in a great measure alleviated if not dispelled by the arrival of Capt. Daniel Paine* on the 24th of the month, who had been sent by the assembly of Massachusetts with a troop of horse for the defense of the place. These men, on hearing the details of what had taken place, immediately manifested a strong curiosity to see the spot where Putnam had been killed ; and, some of the inhabitants being affected by a similar desire about twenty persons without being suitably armed went out to visit it. But they soon paid dearly for their gratification ; for the savages having laid for them an ambush Ensign Obadiah Sartwell was taken prisoner and five of the company, Samuel Farnsworth, Elijah Allen, Peter Perin, Aaron Lyon, and Jo- seph Massey were killed ; and doubtless their temerity would have re- * Captain Paine was of Dudley, Mass. 28 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. suited in a mucli greater disaster had not Capt. Stevens, who com- manded a few men in the fort, rushed out for their relief. "With a consummate knowledge of Indian character, Stevens had counselled them against gratifying their curiosity; but with his accustomed promptness and daring intrepidity, he soon engaged the Indians and put them to flight inflicting on them the loss of a number of guns, and several blankets, and it is supposed also of several lives ; but the number of killed could not be ascertained as, according to their cus- tom they took in their flight, their dead along with them. Belknap, however, states it to be five. Of the persons captured or killed. Ensign Obadiah Sartwell, and Samuel Farnsworth, belonged to the settlement, but Elijah Allen,* Perin, Lyon, and Massey were members of the Com- pany of Capt. Paine. Farnsworth was not killed by the Indians, but his death was an accident and occurred in the following manner. The savages, as soon as they had fired on the Company that had been attracted to the spot where Putnam was killed, endeavored to cut ofi" their retreat to the fort. One of them had overtaken Farns- worth, and was making an efibrt to take him prisoner, but was val- iantly resisted. Their contest was observed by a soldier who, think- ing that he would put an end to it, fired for the purpose of killing the Indian ; but unfortunately either through a false aim, or some sudden motion of the parties just at the time, Farnsworth came in the line of the ball and was killed. The circumstance was greatly regretted, though no blame was cast on the soldier whose motive was appreciat- ed notwithstanding the sad consequences of his act. Farnsworth was the eldest of the three brothers, who were the first settlers of the place and was a most energetic and trustworthy man. (See Farns- worth genealogies.) Sartwell returned Aug. 20, 1747, with Lieut. John Hawks. A few days after the affair above described, Capt. Ephraim Brown, of Sudbury, Mass., arrived at No. 4, with an additional Company of troops. But nothing transpired either in No. 4, or in the region, till the nineteenth of June, which is worthy of being noted. But that day was made memorable by another engagement. The manner in which this was brought about was as follows. The horses of the troops, as they had no other way to provide for them, had been turned into the meadow to graze ; and either for looking after them, or be- cause they wanted them for some purpose. Captains Stevens and * Elijah Allen was son of Ephraim Allen of Northboro — aged 18. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 29 Brown united their companies or portions of them togetlier to go out after them. Let me give an account of tlie matter, in the lan- guage of an article published in Boston, July 1st, 1746. " We hear that on Thursday, the 19th, ult., at a plantation called 'No. 4, Capt. Stevens, of the garrison there, and Capt. Brown, of Sudbury, with about fifty men went out into the woods to look for horses and, coming near a causeway they were obliged to pass, their dogs being on the hunt before them, and barking very much, they suspected some Indians were near ; whereupon, keeping a good look out, they discov- ered a great number of them, supposed to be a hundred and fifty, ly- ing in ambush, waiting for them ou the other side ; so that if they had passed over, in all probability, most of them might have been cut off. The Indians on finding themselves discovered, suddenly started up, and a smart engagement immediately ensued, in which, it is supposed, that the English fired first and engaged them so closely and briskly that they soon drew otf, and being followed by our men retreated into a large swamp ; whereupon the English returned to the garrison, not caring to venture, after such numbers, into so hazardous a place." — (See Vol. 3, Farmer & Moore, page 294.) In this engagement, as above indicated, the company of Stevens and Brown had the advantage of the first fire. This disconcerted the sav- figes in no small degree ; who, being on higher ground and making no allowance for their position, almost constantly overshot the English, so as to do them comparatively little damage : who, with this advantage on their side, very soon put the enemy to rout, inflicting on them, as it was supposed, no small loss of life and means. That a number of the Indians were killed is certain, for they were seen dragging several of the bodies of their dead after them. Their loss in other respects was also considerable. Blankets, hatchets, spears, guns, &c.. were left be- hind, which were subsequently sold for forty pounds, old tenor, which was reckoned a great booty, " for such beggarly enemies." Captains Stevens and Brown, in this engagement, lost none on the spot, but Jedediah Winchell was mortally wounded and died soon after. Jonathan Stanhope, David Parker and Noah Heaton were wounded but recovered. The spot where this conflict took place has since been called Am- bush Hill or, by some, the Ambuscade. It lies on the old meadow road, about a mile from the village, and a short distance to the north- west of the residence of Mr. Beza Woods. It is now marked by an elm tree, the only one in the vicinity, of some twenty or twenty-five 30 HISTORY OF CHARLBSTOWN. years growtH. It is not wliat would be termed a hill, but is only a slight elevation on the meadow. The position of the force of Cap- tains Stevens and Brown, during the couflict, can be only a matter of conjecture. But that the Indians occupied the position above desig- nated, there can be little reason to doubt. After this conflict. No. 4 remained unmolested by the incursion of enemies, for several weeks, In the meantime a company of troops, thirty-eight in number, arrived under command of Capt. Joseph How, of Marlboro' which were designed to relieve Captain Brown. The men were mostly from Marlboro' and Southboro'. But this brief cessation of hostilities was renewed on the 3d of August at which time the enemy appeared again in large numbers. Their presence was first indicated by the barking of the dogs, which belonged to the fort, and the peculiar movements which those animals were accustomed to exhibit when Indians were in the vicinity.* Capt. Stevens, in order to ascertain the certainty of his surmises sent out a scout ; but the men were scarcely out of the fort before they were fired upon, and Ebenezer Philips, was killed. He was so near the gate, when he fell, that at night a soldier crept carefully out and fastened a rope to the body, and it was drawn into the fort and in- terred. The remainder of the scout, efiected their escape into the fort without injury. Knowing that they were discovered, the enemy immediately made an attack upon the garrison, and put forth every endeavor to take it. They discharged their muskets against the walls, and set fire to several buildings, and made other demonstrations in the Indian fashion for ef- fecting their object. la this manner they continued their efforts for two days, till at length, finding their attempts to be wholly ineffectual, they desisted from any further attacks. * Dogs are several times spoken of in connection with this history. " In x^ovem- ber, 1706," says Judd in his " History of Hadley,'' Massachusetts passed an act for raising and increasing dogs for the better security of the frontiers. In 1708 the sum of 41 pounds was paid for " trailing of dogs " on the frontiers of Mid- dlesex. Dogs were employed on the western frontier in 1746 and Gideon Lyman of Northampton was allowed £12, 13 s. 7 d., "for purchasing dogs.'' Connecti- cut and New Jersey, also employed them in military service. It is not known that any Indian was harmed by the dogs. It is probable that the main object of their employment was to trace the Indians to their hiding places, or to give warning of their presence in such a manner as to prevent the evil they might otherwise have done by their ambuscades. See History of Hadley, page 280. HISTORY OF CIIARLESTOWN. 31 On the 5th of August, Capt. Stevens, at the head of sixty men, marched to the great meadow, — now Putney, — at which place he re- mained during the sixth and seventh, and guarded the people while reaping. On the eighth they returned to No. 4, to find that the cattle, horses and most of the hogs of the settlers had been killed during his absence. Sixteen horses, belonging to Capt. How's force were destroyed. The mills, which Capt. Spafford had commenced rebuilding, were also again burned, and all the houses outsida of the fort, save one, which stood near the stockade. On the 9th of August, Capt. Josiah Brown, from Stow, arrived with a company of fresh troops, to take the place of those under the com- mand of Captain Brown, of Sudbury. (William Heywood's Journal.) Not long after the arrival of this force, another company of troops was dispatched by Governor Shirley to No. 4, with a quantity of pro- visions, for the relief of the place. This was under the command of Capt. Winchester, who remained with his troops until late into the autumn, when he was recalled to Massachusetts. No farther damage was done at No. 4, during 1746. On the sixth of August, however, seven men were ambuscaded in Winchester, near Willard's fort, and Joseph Rawson was killed ; and, on the eleventh, Benjamin Wright, was mortally wounded at Northfield. About the same time Ezekiel Wallingford, was killed at Paquayag (Athol,) and a person named Bliss at Greenfield. An ineifectual attempt of the enemy on Shattuck's fort at Hinsdale, closed the depredations on Connecticut Elver for this year. At the termination of the military operations of 1746, Massachu- setts determined to withdraw the principal part of her forces from the defense of the settlements on the Connecticut River, in N. H. This was brought about by petitions from persons in the north-western por- tions of the State, who thought it inexpedient that the State should be at the charge of defending territory which was not within her ju- risdiction. The assembly, when they came to act, coincided in opinion with the petitioners. But this result was arrived at, not so much oa account of the expense which the State would necessarily incur in garrisoning the forts, as from another cause which had vexed and soured the public mind. The settlements on this river requiring spe- cial protection were within the boundaries of New-Hampshire, and that State when requested by Massachusetts to make provision for their protection had very discourteously refused. It is true that she ofiered afterward, in June, 1745, to garrison with 20 men fort Dum- 32 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. mer for six months, but this was not till Massachusetts, by an order from the king, had agreed to support that fortress and could not at that time, consistently, as it was thought, with his Majesty's order, resign her charge. And besides, Massachusetts, whether she had reason to be or not, was jealous of the motives of New-Hampshire. It was ap- prehended that all she wanted was to get the fort into her possession, and then abandon it. It can be hardly probable as circumstances were, that this was the ease, but whether it was true or false, it became no less operative in producing a feeling prejudicial to that State ; and which had its effect in inducing Massachusetts to withdraw her garri- son and leave the settlements to defend themselves, or to look for their defense to the State under whose jurisdiction they belonged. Massachusetts being thus determined to withdraw her forces, the settlements in New-Hampshire, which she had aided in defending, were informed of the fact; on learning which they rightly inferred that there was only one thing for them to do ; and that was to abandon their plantations and retire to the older towns for safety. The inhabitants of No. 4 had, during the whole summer of 1746, been compelled to take refuge in the fort, and whoever, except under the protection of an armed guard, ventured outside of it, was exposed to the danger of being slain, or taken and carried into captivity. Their lands could not be cultivated, and they were totally unable to protect any. property which could not be brought within the inclosure of their wooden walls. The principal part of their cattle had been killed, and many of their horses. Eight of the soldiers and inhabit- ants had also been slain, and three carried away as prisoners; of Avhose fate they were uncertain. Their misfortunes had been heavy and great, and another grievous trial awaited them. They had sought to make themselves homes in the wilderness, but those homes were to be left and all the results of their toils and labors abandoned. They were obliged to quit their estates and there was presented to them no alternative, so "they deposited in the earth such utensils and furni- ture as could be saved by that means, and of such things as were port- able they carried off what they could. The remainder they left with- out any expectation of seeing them more. At the withdrawal of Capt. Winchester and the Massachusetts troops, all the inhabitants left but six men, who remained to guard the fort until winter should set in, when they also left and the township was deserted. The retir- ing inhabitants took up their abodes mostly in Groton, Lunenburg, and Leominster. CHAPTER III. Circumstances that led Massachusetts to send a Company of Ran- gers UNDER COMMAND OF CAPTAIN PhINEAS StEVENS TO KE-OCCUPY THE FORT AT NO. 4, IN THE MONTH OF MARCH, 1747. ThE PLACE BRAVELY DEPENDED AGAINST THE ATTACK OF GeN. DeBELINE, AND OTHER EVENTS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE "WAR TO THE PEACE OF AlX LA ChAPELLE. UEING the winter, the Indians were so ice-bound in Canada, that the frontiers suffered only in apprehension, as no incur- sions were made upon them. In this interval, some gentle- men who had the wisdom to perceive that the protection of the Con- necticut River settlements was required by the true interests of the country, fortunately prevailed on the assembly of Massachusetts to make the needful provision for the defense of the forts and garrisons which in consequence of the withdrawal of her troops had been desert- ed. They moreover sought to convince them, that this would require not only a sufficiency of men to afford garrisons for the places that would be able to resist such assaults as wQuld be likely to be made up- on them, but also an equal additional force to range the woods and watch the motions of the enemy, and prevent their depredations, bj"" anticipat- ing their designs, and by suddenly falling upon and surprising them in their encampments, when they had not the least expectation of an assault ; thus practising upon them their own tactics. The prime mover in this matter, we have reason to believe, was Capt. Stevens ; who, by the promptness and wisdom with which he had acted, had already gained no inconsiderable influence with the government. He had personally addressed a memorial to Governor Shirley, setting forth his views of the situation, from whicli the follow- ing is an extract. "No. 4, is situate upon Connecticut River, about 45 miles above Northfield : on which place (No. 4) the enemy have con- tinually endeavored to do spoil ; and many great advantages have been lost for want of a suitable number of soldiers at that garrison. Fort Massachusetts, that was, is situate about 34 miles from Deerfield, 34 HISTOKt OF COAKLESTOWN. and is the proper road of an enemy coming upon our frontiers when they come by Wood Creek and the Drowned lands, as No. 4 is when they come hy Otter Creek. Now it appears to me if one hundred men were early sent to each of these posts, say by the latter end of March, and suitable encouragement was given to them to go and waylay the streams the enemy come upon when they issue out from Crown Point, they might be very much discouraged in coming in small parties as heretofore : which in my opinion will be of the greatest service to the public and the only effectual method to carry on the war. If any thing be done it should be done early in the spring, as it is evident from past experience that this enemy will be down by the 1st of April. There is one thing which I have observed while among the Indians ; they are a people which are greatly elated and flushed up when they have success and as soon discouraged when they are disappointed." (See His. of Northfield, by Sheldon and Temple, page 248.) In their endeavors, these gentlemen, with Capt. Stevens at their head, were only partially successful ; for the assembly, at this time, could be induced to go no further than to detail such a number of men for garrisoning the forts as, in their estimation, would be sufficient to repel the enemy in case of attack ; and the subject of taking the offens- ive was postponed, for some future consideration. This being the state of affairs, in the latter part of March, 1747, Capt. Phineas Stevens, with thirty men, was ordered by Governor Shirley to march to No. 4 and take possession. This post, for more than two months, had been entirely deserted and fears were entertained that, in case it should be left longer, it would either be burned or tak- en by the enemy. The movement was timely, and in every respect most fortunate. Stevens marched through the wilderness and arrived at No. 4 on the 27th of March, to find the fort in good condition : but what was his surprise, on entering it, to find himself and company heartily welcomed by an old spaniel and a cat, which had been left behind at its desertion, and had remained in it during the winter, as its sole defenders and occupants. Capt. Stevens and company had been in possession of the fort only a few days, before they were led to surmise the presence of an enemy. Their suspicions were first aroused by the uneasy appearance of the dogs, and their continued barking. These indications of something that was not right induced them to keep the gate closely barred. But here we must let Capt. Stevens tell his own story. In his report to Gov. Shirley, dated April 9th, 1747, he says, "Our dogs being very HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 35 much disturbed, which gave us reason to think that the enemy were about, occasioned us not to open the gate at the usual time; but one of our men, being desirous to know the certainty, ventured out privately to set on the dogs, about nine o'clock in the morning; and went about twenty rods from the fort firing off his gun and saying, Choboy, to the dogs. Whereupon, the enemy, being within a few rods, immediately arose from behind a log and fired : but through the goodness of God, the man got into the fort witli only a slight WDUud. The enemy being then discovered, immediately arose from their ambushments and at- tacked us on all sides. The wind being very high, and every thing exceedingly dry, they set fire to all the old fences, and also to a log- house about forty rods distant from the fort to the windward ; so that within a few minutes we were entirely surrounded with fire — all which was performed with the most hideous shouting and firing, from all quarters, which they continued, in a very terrible manner, until the next day at ten o'clock at night, witliout intermission ; during which time we had no opportunity to eat or sleep. But notwithstanding all their shoutings and threatenings, our men seemed not to be in the least daunted, but fought with great resolution : which, doubtless, gave the enemy reason to think we had determined to stand it out to the last degree. The enemy had provided themselves with a sort of fortification, which they had determined to push before them and bring fuel to the side of the fort, in order to burn it down. But instead of performing what they threatened, and seemed to be immediately going to undertake, they called to us and desired a cessation of arras until sunrise the next morning which was granted : at which time they would come to a parley. Accordingly the French General Debeline came with about sixty of his men, with a flag of truce, and stuck it down within about twenty rods of the fort in plain sight of the same, and said if we would send three men to him he would send as many to us to which we complied. The General sent in a French lieutenant with a French soldier and an Indian. Upon our men going to the Monsieur, he made the following pro- posals ; viz. — that in case we would immediately resign up the fort, we should all have our lives and liberty to put on all the clothes we had, and also to take a sufficient quantity of provisions to carry us to Mon- treal, and bind up our provisions and blankets, lay down our arms and march out of the fort. Upon our men returning, he desired that the Captain of the fort would meet him half way, and give an answer to the above proposal, 36 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. which I did ; and upon meeting the Monsieur, he did not wait for me to give an answer, but went on in the following manner ; viz. — that what had been promised he was ready to perform ; but upon refusal he would immediately set the fort on fire, and run over the top ; for he had seven hundred men with him ; and if we made any further resist- ance, or should happen to kill one Indian, we might expect all to be put to the sword. " The fort " said he, " I am resolved to have, or die. Now do what you please ; for I am as easy to have you fight as to give up." I told the General, that in case of extremity his proposal would do ; but inasmuch as I was sent here by my master, the Cap- tain General, to defend this fort, it would not be consistent with my orders to give it up unless I was better satisfied that he was able to perform what he had threatened ; and, furthermore, I told him that it was poor encouragement to resign into the hands of the enemy, that upon one of their number being killed, they would put all to the sword, when it was probable that we had killed some of them already. " Well," said he, " go into the fort, and see whether your men dare fight any more or not, and give me an answer quick, for my men want to be fighting." Whereupon, I came into the fort and called all the men together, and informed them what the French General said, and then put it to vote which they chose, either to fight on or resign ; and they voted to a man to stand it out as long as they had life. Upon this, I returned the answer that we were determined to fight it out. Upon which they ga\re a shout, and then fired, and so continued firing and shouting until daylight the next morning. About noon they called to us and said " Good morning," and desired a cessation of arms for two hours that they might come to a parley ; which was granted. The General did not come himself but sent two Indians, who came within about eight rods of the fort and stuck down their flag and desired that I would send out two men to them, which I did, and the Indians made the following proposal, viz. — That in case we would sell them provisions, they would leave and not fight any more ; and desired my answer, which was, that selling them provisions for money was contrary to the laws of nations ; but if they would send in a captive for every five bushels of corn, I would supply them. Upon the Indians returning the General this answer, four or five guns were fired against the fort, and they withdrew, as we supposed, for we heard no more of them. In all this time we had scarce opportunity to eat or sleep. The ces- sation of arms gave us no matter of rest, for we suspected they did it HISTORY OF CHARLBSTOWN. 37 to obtain an advantage against us. I believe men were never known to hold out with better resolution, for they did not seem to sit or lie still one moment. There were but thirty men in the fort, and although we had some thousands of guns fired at us, there were but two men slightly wounded, viz. John Brown and Joseph Ely. By the above account, you may form some idea of the distressed cir- cumstances we were under, to have such an army of starved creatures around us, whose necessity obliged them to be the more earnest. They seemed every minute as if they were going to swallow us up ; using all the threatening language they could invent, with shouting and fir- ing, as if the heavens and the earth were coming together. But notwithstanding all this, our courage held out to the last. AVe were informed by the French that came into the fort, that our captives were removed from Quebec to Montreal ; which, they say, are about three hundred in number, by reason of sickness which is at Quebec, and that they were well and in good health, except three, who were left sick, and that about three captives had died who were said to be Dutch- men. They also informed us that John Norton had liberty to preach to the captives, and that they have some thousands of French and In- dians out and coming against our frontier." This same letter, in the main, was also addressed to Col. W. Wil- liams. But in the letter to Colonel Williams, is found this passage, not contained in the one to Governor Shirley : — " Those who were not employed in firing at the enemy were em- ployed in digging trenches under the bottom of the fort. We dug no less than eleven of them, so deep that a man could go and stand up- right on the outside and not endanger himself. So that when these trenches were finished we could wet all the outside of the fort, which we did, and kept it wet all night. We drew some hundreds of barrels of water, and to undergo all this hard service there were but thirty men." The letter to Col. Williams also contains one other item of infor- mation, not found in that to Gov- Shirley, and that is; that the enemy " never had the courage to bring their fortification nor run over the fort but in lieu thereof, spent the night in shooting their fiery arrows, which were easily put out." In this fight were the following persons belonging to No. 4 ; Cap- tain Stevens, John Hastings, Moses Wheeler and Sampson Colefax. E. Hoyt, Esq., in his excellent " History of Indian Wars in the country bordering on the Connecticut River and Parts Adjacent," 38 HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. says, "The bravery of Capt. Stevens in defence of the fort was not the most brilliant part of his conduct. The novel scheme he adopted in the construction of the galleries under the parapet, for ap- plying water to the exterior during the approaching flames, place it in a more elevated point of view, and demonstrate that he possessed re- sources of mind equal to a higher command." " It will not " he adds, " however, escape the observation of the military critic, that consider- ing the small force uader his command, he acted with less judgment, in admitting into his fort, the officer and his party, at the time of the cessation of hostilities, when all the purposes would have been an- swered by holding them under a guard without, and thereby have avoided a discovery of his numbers. Equally injudicious was it to risk himself in an interview with the French Commander and his fifty Indians, at a distance from the fort. Service of this nature is usually intrusted to a subordinate officer, whose loss, in case of perfidy, would not be so disastrous as that of the commander — and where was per- fidy more likely to occur than in a conference with such an enemy ?" These criticisms would be more valuable had not the writer as- sumed, as facts on which to base them, what might not have been true ; for, because two Frenchmen and an Indian are admitted into a fort, it by no means follows, as a consequence, that they are permitted to see or know the number of the garrison ; and the probability is that they were not allowed to obtain this knowledge. Nor was it any more inju- dicious for Captain Stevens to risk himself in an interview with the French Commander with his fifty Indians at a distance of ten rods, than it was for General Debeline to meet Captain Stevens at the same distance from the fort. For at the first indication of perfidy all that the life of the French General would have been worth would not have been much. And this Stevens doubtless well understood and we can- not therefore comprehend why, under the circumstances, he did not reason correctly in arguing his personal safety. The news of the victory of Stevens, which was despatched by ex- press to Boston, was received with the most joyful demonstrations; and very high compliments were paid him for the genius which he had discovered for resources, and for the self possession and bravery which he had shown. Commodore Knowles, who happened to be in Boston on the arrival of the news, expressed his appreciation of the genius and conduct which he had exhibited by forwarding to him an elegant sword. He was also highly commended by Governor Shirley and other distinguished personages of the time. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 39 There have been conflicts on a larger scale and which, on account of the numbers engaged, as well as the results which have flowed from them, have attracted more general attention; but if we estimate men by their individual courage and by the capacity they have shown in meeting every demand of the occasions on which they have been called to act, we well may ask in defence of what citadel, or what battle-field, has there been displayed a conduct or qualities more worthy of admi- ration ? And especially, was not this defense worthy to be held in the undying memories of those who inhabit the place so nobly de- fended? The mortification of Debeline, in his failure to take the fort, must have been extreme. But, though bafiled in the attack on No. 4, he did not return with his forces immediately to Canada, but, dividing them into small parties, sent them out to hover around various places on the frontiers. A small number of them, very soon after, ventured to return and encamp secretly near the river at no great distance from the fort from which they had been so summarily repulsed. But Captain Stevens observing a smoke, from which he was led to think that all was not right, went out after them and they precipitately re- treated. Other parties of them hovered about Northfield, Winches- ter and Upper Ashuelot, but they had been taught too severe a lesson at No. 4 to allow them to return to its vicinity. No. 4 was not disturbed again by any incursion of the enemy dur- ing the year 1747, but, on the 14th of November of that year, as twelve men whose term of enlistment had expired, were passing down the river ou their return to Massachusetts, they were surprised and attacked by a party of Indians who killed and scalped Nathan Gould and Thomas Goodale. Oliver Avery was wounded, and John Henderson* taken prisoner. The others made their escape. During the year 1747, the sufferings of the settlers bordering the Connecticut in New-Hampshire were severe. Many had been killed and captured, and as the war was not likely to terminate they had little reason to anticipate exemption from future depredations. Their prospects were very disheartening. Their own Province would afford them no aid, and what Massachusetts would do was uncertain. But, as they could have no expectations from any other source, applica- * Henderson was wounded in the head and his right arm was broken. He was carried to Crowu Point, and was nearly starved in going from that fortress to Canada, and was treated like a dog on the way He got back to Boston, October 5th, 1748. [Sheldon's Letter.] 40 HISTORY OP CHAELBSTOWN. tion was again made to that State for forces* to be stationed in the river towns, and in February, 1748, the house of Eepresentatives voted that his excellency the Captain General be directed to cause, as soon as may be, so many men to be enlisted by the encpuragement voted by the court, as, with the soldiers already posted at No. 4 and at fort Massachusetts, will make the number at each one hundred efffective men (officers included), and to give orders to the commanding officers in said garrisons respectively that a suitable number be .constantly employed to intercept the French and Indian enemy in their marches from Wood Creek and Otter Creek to our frontiers, to continue in said service until the first day of October next ; and that the com- manding officers keep fair journals of their marches from time to time and return the same to this court ; and that over and above the bounty above mentioned and the pay and subsistence of the province agreeable to the last establishment there be, and hereby is granted to be paid to the officers and soldiers in equal parts, who shall be on any scouts that may kill or capture any Indian enemy, the sum of one hundred pounds ; the scalp of the Indian killed to be produced to the government as evidence thereoff The vote was approved by the Coun- cil, and consented to by the Governor ; and the troops were accordingly raised. On the passage of this act Capt. Phineas Stevens was again appointed to the command of the Fort at No. 4, and the garrison agreeably to the above vote was raised to one hundred effective men. Capt. Humphrey Hobbs, a person worthy to be associated with his superior officer, was ordered to the same post, and was commissioned to act as second in command. Soon after Stevens had taken his new command, a small party of In- dians made their appearance at No. 4 ; of whom we have the following account in " Doolittle's Narrative :" " The snow being very deep, and our men not fearing a small party of Skulking Indians, about eight of them went out about sixty rods from No. 4 to get wood. The enemy, * From November 10, 1747, to March 9th, 1748, Capt. Stevens had a company of sixty men at No 4. Capt. Josiah Willard Jr. had twenty-six at Upper Ashuelot. Capt. Ephraim Williams Jr. had a large company at Fort Massachusetts which had been rebuilt; Lieut. John Catlin, had twenty-nine men. at Fort Shirley and Lieut. Daniel Severance forty-two men at Coleraiue. See page 244 History of Northfield. f Copy of the vote transmitted to the commander of the Western frontier of Massachusetts. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 41 about ten in number, came within thirty rods of the Fort, ran to meet our men, fired upon them, killed Charles Stevens, wounded one An- dreas, and took Eleazer Priest captive. Our men, not having snow shoes, could not run out of the path and make their escape, nor had the men in the garrison snow shoes to pursue them ; which the enemy were informed of by the French prisoner, the month before : for some of the garrison told him as he went along — " they would gladly accompany him part of the way, but they had neither Indian shoes nor snow shoes. Thus poorly have our garrisons been stored." This took place on the 15th of March. Captain Stevens sallied out for the rescue of his men, but could do nothing under the circumstan- ces. Charles Stevens, who was killed, was not a son of" Captain Phineas as some writers have asserted. Of the fate of Nathaniel Andross (writ- ten by Doolittle, Andreas) we have no information. Eleazer Priest, who was the son of Joseph Priest, of Groton, Mass., died at Louisburg, September, 1748, on his way home. Immediately after this surprise. Captain Stevens despatched an ex- press to Fort Dummer, to warn them of the presence of Indians and of their danger. " Great advantage having resulted, on former occasions, from scouting parties, and from watching the motions of the enemy, an expedition for this purpose was projected during the spring, by some of the ranging officers, and was soon after accomplished. Preparations having been consummated, a scout of nineteen men, under the command of Captain Eleazer Melvin, marched, on the 13th of May, from Fort Dummer. Proceeding up Connecticut River as far as No. 4, they were there join- ed by Captains Stevens and Hobbs, with a force of sixty men, and the whole party, on Sunday, the 15th, at sunset, set out from No. 4 on their hazardous enterprise. They followed the ' Indian road ' along the banks of Black River, but sometimes would lose it in fording streams and in traversing the forests, where the ground was covered with a thick growth of underbrush. On reaching the main branch of Otter Creek, Capt. Melvin and his men, according to previous agreement, left the party, crossed the stream and set out for Crown Point." " Capt. Stevens' party passed down Otter Creek, a short distance, and then struck eastward in the hope of reaching White River. After trav- eling five days along one stream, which they crossed, in one day, thirty- five times, they reached its mouth, and found it to be the ' Quarterquee- che.' Proceeding down the Connecticut, on rafts and in canoes, they 42 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. reached No. 4 on the 30th of May, after an absence of two weeks." (B. H. Hall's Eastern Vermont.) Capt. Stevens remained at No. 4 two days, which time was occupied in preparing paddles and setting-poles for an excursion down the river. He set out on the 2nd of June with sixty men, in six canoes, about three o'clock in the afternoon, for Fort Dummer, and got across the " Falls " about sundown, when they set out again and arrived at Fort Dummer at about two o'clock at night, where they first heard of the great disaster which had happened to the^command of Capt. Melvin. On his arrival he found a considerable number of the inhabitants of Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield, Deerfield, Northfield and Falltown al- ready assembled to give such assistance to Capt. Melvin as they could ; but on his appearance ( with his men ) conceiving that there was no de- mand for their services, they went back to their homes. Stevens, after having remained at Fort Dummer about two weeks, returned safely with his company to No. 4, -with a supply of provisions. Capt. Melvin and his party, after separating from Captains Stevens and Hobbs, having met, during the two following days, with many in- dubitable signs of the enemy, came, on the 23d, to a large camp in- closed by a thick fence, where they found about twelve pounds of good Frencli bread and a keg, which, from appearance, had recently contain- ed wine. Having arrived opposite Crown Point on the 25th., they dis- covered two canoes, with Indians, on the lake, and, with more courage than prudence, fired upon them. The garrison at Crown Point taking the alarm, fired several guns, supposed to be four pounders, and sent out a party to intercept them. On this, Melvin and his party immediately started on their return, marching for three or four miles through what were termd drowned lands, the water being about mid-leg deep. On the 26th they saw the tracks of a hundred and fifty or two hundred of the enemy, who had evidently taken the course by which Melvin's party had reached Lake Champlain. Upon this, they took a southerly direc- tion, marching up the south branch of Otter Creek, and, on the 30th, came on a branch of West River. Provisions being very short, they began their march before sunrise on the 31st, and traveled until about half-past nine o'clock in the morning. On the banks of West River, several of the company being faint and weary, desired to stop and re- fresh themselves. Having halted, they began to take ofi" their packs, and some had sat down, but in about half a minute after their halt- ing, the enemy arose from behind a log and several trees, at twenty feet, or thirty, at the farthest, distant, and fired at them a dozen guns or so. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 43 but apparently without effect, though so near. Captain Melvin then called upon his men to face the enemy, and leaping up the bank ex- horted them to follow, which several attempted but failed to accomplish " as the enemy were so thick.'' Melvin, on reaching the bank, discover- ing the Indians close upon him, fired, and, as he supposed, killed one, who was within a few feet of him, as he saw him fall. On this, the en- emy discharged about twenty guns, when most of Melvin's men fired in turn and immediately retreated. In their retreat some ran up some down the river ; others crossed to the opposite side, and two or three escaped to a neighboring thicket. Being deserted by his men, Captain Melvin was left alone to defend himself. Several of the Indians attempted to strike him with their hatchets, others threw their hatchets at him, one of which, or a shot, carried away his belt and with it his bullets, all but one which he had in his pocket. He then ran down the river " two Indians following and running almost side by side with him, calling to him ' Come Captain, Now Captain,' " but upon his presenting his gun towards them, (though not charged) they fell back a little, when he ran across the river, charg- ed his gun, moved a few steps, when one of them fired at him, which was the last gun fired. He then looked back and saw nine of the enemy scalping those that had been killed, and six or seven running across the river, and several about the bank of the river very busy, who, he appre- hended, were carrying off their dead. He then, being alone, got to the side of the hill, in sight of the place of battle, and there seated himself to look for some of his company and hear if the enemy gave any shout, as is customary with them when they get the advantage. But not hear- ing more of them nor seeing any of his company, he made the best of his way to Fort Dummer, where he arrived the next day, before noon ; one of his men having reached the fort about an hour before him. Eleven more arrived in a few hours, though in several companies. In this fight Captain Melvin lost six ( of his men :) Sergeants, John Heywood and Isaac Taylor, and Privates, John Dodd, Daniel Mann and Samuel Severance were killed outright. Joseph Petty was wounded and his comrades being unable to take him with them in their flight, left him in a hut, made with boughs, situated near a spring. Before depart- ing they placed beside him a pint cup filled with water and told him " to live if he could " until they should return with assistance. On the 2nd, Captain Melvin left Fort Dummer for the place where the fight had oc- curred. Great search was made for Petty but he was no where to be found. After having buried the dead, above named, with the exception 44 HISTORY OF OHAELESTOWN. of Samuel Severence, whose body was not discovered until some time after, the party returned to Fort Dummer, having been absent about three days. On the 6th, Lieutenants Alexander and Hunt, with a large force, went again to search for Petty. In one report it is stated that he was found dead ; in another that his body was never recovered. From the secrecy used in concealing the bodies of their companions, it was im- possible to determine the loss of the enemy. ( B. H. Hall.) The exact spot where the fight occurred is a matter of conjecture. Shattuck, in his History of Concord, Massachusetts, to which place Captain Melvin belonged, places it at the head of West River, thirty- five miles from Northfield. Others state it to have been thirty-three miles from Fort Dummer. But neither of these statements afibrd any exact information in relation to its locality ; they may suggest a probability but nothing more. Belknap and other historians endorse the statement, that Melvin, on halting at West River, very imprudently permitted his men to divert themselves ia shooting salmon, then passing up the shoals ; and that the enemy in close pursuit, though unknown to Melvin, attracted by the re- port of the guns, pressed on to the spot and surprised his company, and scattered it ia all directions, as has been narrated. But this is wholly inconsistent with the statement made by Melvin in his journal, unless a half minute be considered a sufficient time for diversion, for that, accord- ing to his testimony, is all the time that elapsed between his halting and being fired upon. Either, then, his journal must have been prepared with the special purpose of covering up a great delinquency, or this state- ment is without a truthful foundation. He was an old soldier, who had fought the Indians at Pequauket, and the French at Louisburg, and had served his country faithfully in other positions, and this being the case, it ought hardly to be deemed fitting that his fame should be tar- nished by a doubtfiil story. In the next month. No. 4, in common with other places on the west- ern frontier, experienced a great loss in the death of Colonel Stoddard, whose services, as Superintendent of Defense, had been characterized by such promptness and energy and wisdom and prudence, as to render them of great value. He died at Boston, on the 19th of June, while in attendance upon the General Court. He was succeeded by Colonel Is- rael Williams, who had acted as Commissary under him, while Major Elijah Williams was appointed to the Commissary Department. Colonel Williams was of Hatfield, Massachusetts, and was Proprietors' Clerk of No. 4, from November, 1739 to August, 1742. Though he HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 45 possessed few of the accomplishments of his predecessor, he was still em- ineutly fitted for the station to which he had been appointed ; and on entering upon his duties, very promptly and energetically began to take such measures as the defense of the frontiers required. Regarding scouting parties, in the circumstances of the situation, as of great advan- tage, especially when under the conduct of brave and cautious officers, one of his first acts was to send out Captain Humphrey Hobbs, second in command to Captain Phineas Stevens, at No. 4, with forty men, through the wilderness to Fort Shirley, in Heath, which was one of the forts of the Massachusetts cordon. Captain Hobbs started out from No. 4, on the 24th of June. During the first two days of his march, he met with no interruptions, except such as were occasioned by the natural difficulties of the way. On the 26th, it being Sunday, after travelling a little distance, he halted at a place about twelve miles north-west of Fort Dummer, in the precincts of what is now the town of Marlborough, to affiird his company an opportunity to refresh themselves ; and though he did not dream that he was pur- sued, or that the enemy was anywhere near, he still posted a guard on his trail, like a true officer, as carefully and circumspectly as if danger had been apprehended. The party then took possession of a low piece of ground, covered with alders intermingled with large trees, through which flowed a rivulet, and without any anticipation of being disturbed, had begun regaling themselves at their packs. But, as was too fre- quently the case in those times, danger was nigh, though they had no apprehension of it ; for a large body of Indians had discovered their trail and made a rapid march for the purpose of cutting them off. Sack- ett, their Chief, (reputed to be a half-blood,) was not only a courageous and resolute fellow, but was distinguished for a sagacity that rendered him no common antagonist. Apparently certain of victory, on account of his numbers, which fore- stalled the necessity of a wily approach, he dashed down upon the trail of Hobbs, driving in the guards which he had posted in his rear, and instantly commenced an attack upon his main force with all the yells and demonstrations of a savage warfare. Hobbs, though taken by sur- prise, was not iijL the least deprived of his self possession. An old Indian fighter as he was, whose men were under a perfect discipline, it took but a moment to form them for action, and but a moment mOre elapsed before each, by^he advice of his commander, had selected the cover of a large tree, and stood ready to repel any assault of their ou-comiug foe. Confident of success, on account of the superiority of their numbers, 46 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. •which were more than four to one, to the force under Hobbs, the enemy, without seeking cover, rushed forward with terrible shouts, as if -they had determined at the outset to bear down all resistance ; but, being met by a well directed fire, by which several of their number were killed, their impetuosity received such a check as to cause them to retreat for shelter behind the trees and brush. The conflict which then followed between the parties, in which the sharp-shooters bore a prominent part, was of the most exciting nature. The two commanders had been known to each other in time of peace, and were both distinguished for their intrepidity. Sackett, who could speak English, frequently called upon Hobbs, in tones that made the for- est ring, to surrender ; and with threats in case of refusal that he would annihilate his force with the tomahawk. Hobbs, with a voice equally loud and defiant, challenged him to come on and put his menace, if he dared, into execution. The action continued for four hours, Hobbs and his force displaying throughout, the most consummate skill and prudence, and neither side withdrawing an inch from its original position. The Indians, during the fight, not unfrequently approached the line of their adversaries, but were as often driven back to their cover ; the fire of the sharp-sighted marksmen opposed to them, being more than they could endure. Thus the conflict continued, till, finding that his own men had suffered severely in the struggle, and that the resistance of Hobbs and his men was not likely to be overcome, Sackett retired and left them the masters of a well fought field. * The company of Captain Hobbs was so well protected that only three, Ebenezer Mitchell, Eli Scott and Samuel Gunn were killed. The wounded were Daniel Mc Kinney of Wrentham, who had his thigh broken by a ball, by which he was disabled for life; Samuel Graves Jr., of Sunderland, a brave lad of seventeen years of age, who was shot through the brain in a horrible manner, yet recovered, but not so as to be afterwards capable of business ; — also slight wounds were received by Nathan Walker of Sudbury, and Ralph Rice. Many of the enemy were seen to fall, especially when they left their cover and advanced. Yet, though their loss was undoubtedly great, so efiec- tually was it concealed that its extent was never ascertained. After the retirement and disappearance of the Indians, Captain Hobbs and his men remained concealed till night, appreheuding anoth- * Doolittle says the fight lasted four hours, and that Captain Hobbs shot the last gun at the enemy, and it is supposed to have killed the chief Indian that en- coursiged them in the fight. HISTOEY OF CHARLESTOWN. 47 er attack ; but, as the darkness fell around tliera, discovering no signs of the enemy, they gathered up their packs and took their dead and wounded, and after burying the former under some logs, about half a mile from the scene of action, and conducting the latter to a more convenient place, about two miles distant, they encamped for the night. They arrived at Fort Dummer the next day, which was the 27th, at four o'clock in the afternoon, whence they sent their wounded to Northfield where they could receive the needed medical aid. This battle was regarded by the people in the vicinity as a master- piece of persevering bravery, and served to a certain extent to remove the unfavorable impression produced by the unfortunate circumstance of Melvin's surprise. " If Hobbs' men had been Romans," (observes, one writer,) "they would have been crowned with laurels, and their names would have been transmitted with perpetual honor to succeeding gen- erations." Their conduct was certainly worthy of great praise, as we cannot conceive how, in the situation, they could have done better. In this fight, according to their custom, whenever an Indian fell his nearest comrade stealthily approached the body, under cover of the trees and brush wood, and attached to il a tump line by which it was cautiously drawn to the rear ; and so skilfully was this done, that often no visible agency was apparent, and Hobbs' men were accustomed to relate that, in this action they often saw the dead bodies of the Indi- ans sliding along the ground as if drawn by enchantment. In this fight were the following from No. 4 : Lieutenant Isaac Parker ; Sergeants Moses Willard and Moses Wheeler; Aaron Hosmer, Joseph Farwell, James Farnsworth and Nathaniel Sartwell. Though in this attack the enemy were completely foiled they were not deterred from further attempts. Indeed, instead of being intimi- dated and discouraged, they only seemed to be stirred up to act with a greater degree of boldness and determination to retrieve their disap- pointment by some new success. Early in July they made a raid upon Ashuelot, and either killed or drove away all the cattle they could find in the neighborhood ; and on the 14th of the same month ambushed, and either killed or captured a party of seventeen about half a mile below Fort Dummer. Ten of these were on their way from Northfield to Ashuelot to supply the places of the same number killed or taken the month before. The remainder belonged either to Fort Dummer, or to the companies of Captains Stevens and Hobbs. The whole party had taken great precaution to keep out an advanced guard on each side of the path while on their march, yet, so suddenly 48 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. were they attacked and by sucli a numerically superior force, that more than a hundred bullets were discharged at them after their first fire before they had time to re-load. Two were killed on the spot, and two were wounded. The others immediately retreated to the bank of the river where after a brief but spirited resistance they were over- come. Four escaped — two into Hinsdell's fort, which lay a little dis- tance below, and two were helped across the river into Fort Dummer by some of the garrison of that post. The remaining eleven were ta- ken prisoners. But the two who were wounded were massacred after being carried about a mile. The number of the attacking party is set down by Hoyt at a hundred and twenty. As it was impossible for Colonel Willard, his whole garrison being only sixteen, and half of them on account of sickness unfit for duty, to do anything towards rescuing the prisoners by following the eneoiy, he fired the great gun at the fort, which was a signal for assistance, and despatched an express to Captain Stevens of No. 4 to inform him of the disaster and of the presence of a large number of Indians ; and also to other stations that they might be on their guard against a surprise. The news reached Captain Stevens on the 15th, when he immediately set out for Northfield. On the next day being joined by a considera- ble force from other stations, the whole number of his men includins officers, was one hundred and twenty-nine. With this 9ompany he marched to the spot where the confiict had taken place, where " he found the dead bodies of Asahel Graves of Hatfield, and Henry Chandler of Westford, entirely stripped of arms and clothing. Hav- ing performed the rites of burial and being joined by Colonel Willard of Fort Dummer for whom he had sent, he followed the enemy's track a mile further and discovered the bodies of Joseph Rose of Northfield, and James Billings of Concord, who having been wounded in the fight, it was supposed were unable to proceed, and had consequently been summarily despatched by their captors. They also found the body of a soldier who had been slain in a former encounter. On re- turning to Fort Dummer, they were very soon joined by a number of the inhabitants of Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield and Sunderland, who had received orders from Colonel Eleazer Porter, and Colonel Israel Williams " to scour the woods." On the 17th, a consultation was held at Hinsdell's fort which was under the command of Captain Leeds, whose force had previously joined that of Captain Stevens. This consultation resulted in the determination that Captain Stevens, who had command of the whole party, should examine the woods in HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 49 the neigbborhood and discover if possible the intentions of the enemy. Returning in the afternoon to Fort Dummer, it being Sunday, Rev- erend Andrew Gardner, the Chaplain, in view of the diastrous events which had so lately occurred, and the surprises with which these oc- currences had invariably commenced, preached from the Revelation of St. John, the third Chapter and third verse. " If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee." " On Monday, the 18th, Captain Stevens, with one hundred and twenty men, started out on the scouting expedition which had been planned the day previous. In this he visited the spot where the fight between Hobbs and Sackett had occurred, and buried the dead there found, which had been only partially interred on the night after the battle. He then followed the enemy to a considerable distance, but, finding that they had got such a start of him that it would be impos- sible to overtake them, he decided to return to Fort Dummer, which he did, on the 20th, about noon. " This calamity and the others which had preceded it, aroused the attention of Massachusetts to the necessity of a more efficient defence of the frontier settlements. Brigadier General Joseph Dwight wrote to Secretary Willard of Massachusetts, on the 16th of July, " praying for a thousand men to drive the woods and pursue the enemy to Crown Point ;" also for several troops of horse. He also proposed that other means than those which had been heretofore used should be tried to eulist soldiers, and that £ 1000 should be paid for every In- dian killed ; the scalp to be a sufiicieut order for the reward. Colonel Israel "Williams of Hatfield also wrote to Governor Shirley on the 16th, advising that twenty or thirty of the six nations of Indians should reside at No. 4 and Fort Massachusetts. Their presence, it was urged would ward off" the attacks of the enemy. Colonel Josiah Willard in a letter on the 19th, said "Ever since No. 4 has been so mantled" (that is so guarded and protected) " they (the Indians ) press exceedingly hard upon Fort Dummer and Hiusdell's garrison, both of which are very weak-handed. My business of procuring stores obliges me to go out, and having but sixteen men in the fort, we are exceedingly exposed. His son Major Josiah Willard, of Ashuelot, (Keene), in a letter dated a few days previous, complained of the scarceness of provisions at No. 4." (B. H. Hall, page 51-2.) " In answer to these various communications Governor Shirley or- dered Colonel Willard to detain twenty men of the garrison of No. 4 50 HISTORY OF CHARLKSTOWN, at Fort Dummer for a short time while the enemy were near." (ib.) By these letters it appears that the enemy, by their incursions, had shown an ability to inflict injury and commit outrage, that had produced a very deep impression, and led to the conviction that the defense of the frontiers demanded, on the part of the government, a large increase of force, and the utmost earnestness of endeavor, if their efforts were to result in the required success. But how this change was to be brought about, as the government had hitherto done all they could, was a pro- ject far moie easily talked about than devised. But, happily for the frontiers on the Connecticut, the last great Indian invasion of the war was, in this section over, and though their apprehensions continued for awhile, the necessity was obviated for any change of measures which, had the war been prolonged, might have been deemed indispensable. On the eighteenth of October, 1748, the peace of Aix la Chapelle took place, by which the war between England and France was brought to a termination. But such was the extent of territory over which it had been spread, that matters did not immediately subside into tranquil- lity. The news did not reach Boston, so aff to be proclaimed by author- ity there, before the next January, 1749 ; and it was not till a consider- ably later date that it was known on the frontiers. But though articles of peace had been ratified between the two nations, there had been no negotiations, as yet, with the Indians ; but in the September following, a final treaty was concluded with them at Falmouth, which is now in the State of Maine. But on the 20th of June, before this was consummat- ed, ^fter the evacuation of the fort by the principal part of the troops, they made another incursion into No. 4, when nothing of the kind was anticipated by the inhabitants, and shot Ensign Obadiah Sartwell, who, as a preparation for hoeing his corn, was ploughing between the rows in his house lot, and took Enos Stevens, son of Captain Phineas Stevens, who was riding horse on the occasion, prisoner. The lad was carried to Canada, but was released, so that he returned to No. 4, soon after the mid- dle of the following September. This was the last of their incursions during the war, the first of which into No. 4, had taken place April 19th, 1746. The following is the interesting account of Mrs. Susanna Johnson, of the same transaction: — " The same day the soldiers left the fort. Ensign Obadiah Sartwell went out to harrow (plough) some corn, and took Enos Stevens, the fourth son of Phineas Stevens, Esq., to ride horse. My fa- ther (Lieutenant Moses Willard) and two brothers were at work in the meadow. Early in the afternoon the Indians appeared and shot Ensign HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 51 Sartwell and the horse, and took young Stevens a prisoner. In addition to this, my father and brothers were in the meadow, and we supposed they must be destroyed. My husband was gone to Northfield. In the fort were seven women and four men. The anxiety and grief we experi- enced were the highest imaginable. The next night we despatched a post to Boston to carry the news of our disaster. But my father and brothers did not return. The next day, but one, my husband and five or six oth- ers arrived from Northfield. "We kept close in the garrison, suffering every apprehension for ten or twelve days, when the sentry from the box cried out that troops were coming. Joyful at the relief, we all mounted on the top of the fort, and among the rest, discovered my father. He, on hearing the guns, supposing the fort was destroyed, left his team in the meadow and made the best of his way to Northfield with my two brothers. The soldiers were about thirty in number, and were headed by Colonel Josiah Willard, of Fort Dummer. Enos Stevens* was car- ried to Montreal, but the French commander sent him directly back by way of Albany." Thus inauspiciously did peace commence.f On a review of this war, one can hardly fail to notice the difference in the manner in which it was managed on the part of the two nations between which it was waged. The English, in the main, took only de- fensive measures, while the French and Indians adopted a course entire- ly opposite. Thus the former were kept continually on the watch to prevent the mischief which the latter were constantly contriving to do. And if they could defend their fortifications and settlements they did about all that came within the compass of their plans. The French, on the contrary, were constantly on the alert for the adoption of offensive measures ; keeping out parties on the frontiers, killing and scalping and capturing the people, and carrying them to Canada, with the double in- tent of doing their enemies all the damage in their power, and of fore- stalling, by the course they were pursuing, the evil which they conceiv- ed they might otherwise bring upon them. The result of these different courses was, that the English had pretty much all the bills to pay, while at the same time they received far more detriment than they were able to inflict. By the great ransoms which the English were obliged to pay for their captives, Belknap remarks, " The French made their enemies * Captain Stevens writes ; 17i30: The French in Canada " redeemed my son out of the Indians' hands, by a slave." t See William Heywood in " Family Registers " for his account of the above matter. 52 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. pay the whole charge of their predatory excursions, besides reaping a handsome profit to themselves, On the other hand, the English gained very little profit of this kind, for though there was a bounty on the scalps of the Indians, they took such pains to carry oflT their dead that very small sums were obtained from this source. They had some brave commanders Uke Captains Stevens, Hobbs, &c., but the smallness of their forces and the restrictions which were upon them, prevented their doing what they might otherwise have done. As it was, they gained great honor to themselves, though the general management of the war could hardly reflect great credit on the sagacity of those who had it in charge. CHAPTER IV. History op Chaklestown, fkom the nominal Peace of Aix la Chap- ELLE TILL the SpKING- OF 1757, WHEN IT BECAME A MILITARY STATION UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OP HiS MAJ- ESTY'S FORCES. |Y the peace of Aix la Chapelle, and the treaty with the In- dians at Falmouth, the settlements on the Connecticut found little relief from their fears of savage invasion. The circum- stances of the death of Ensign Sartwell, and the intimate knowledge pos- sessed by the settlers of the character of their Indian enemies, did not permit them to consider the period completed when it would be safe for them to dispense with their forts and implements of war. And in this view the Government of Massachusetts also coincided. It was ordered therefore, by Governor Shirley, that twenty-five of the soldiers who had arrived under Colonel Willard should remain for a garrison under com- mand of Captain Phineas Stevens, at No. 4, which, it was thought, would constitute, with such aid as could be given by the inhabitants, a sufficient force for defense. The officers of this detachment were Captain Phin- eas Stevens, Lieutenant Isaac Parker, Andrew Gardner and William Heywood. This company continued in service till October, 1749, when another took its place. June 21st, 1750, the following company, all of them settlers of No. 4, was organized. Muster Roll of the Company in Sis Majesty's service, under (he command of Phineas Stevens, Captain. Phineas Stevens, Capt. John Spaffi)rd, Isaac Parker, Sergt. James Porter, Andrew Gardner, Sent. William Porter, Moses Willard, " Ebenezer Putnam, John Hastings, Thomas Putnam, John Hastings, jun. John Sawyer, Moses Wheeler, John Sawyer, jr. 54 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. David Farnsworth, William Heywood, Nathaniel Sartwell, Isaac Parker, jr. Joseph Wood, James Johnson, Stephen Farnsworth, Samuel Stevens, Benjamin Allen, Joseph Willard, Seth Walker, James Farnsworth, Bradstreet Spafford, James Willard. Nathaniel Parker, It was arranged, that only half of this company should be in service at a time, officers excepted. The term of the first half commenced on the 21st, or 22nd, of June, and continued till the 20th of the following December, when the term of the second half commenced, and continued till the following June; and subsequently Massachusetts, during the peace, was not able to put such confidence in her former enemies that she deemed it safe to withdraw her garrison entirely from this fortress.* In August, 1751, the news reached Boston that a number of the tribe of the Penobscot Indians, had joined with the St. Francis tribe, with the design of attacking the frontier settlements. Governor Shirley immedi- ately caused the information to be communicated to Colonel Israel Wil- liams, and ordered him to apprise the garrison at No. 4, and others over which he had command, of their danger. The necessary measures for defense were accordingly taken, and in consequence of this vigilant ac- tivity, no incursions were made during the summer. But, of course, the knowledge that an attack was contemplated did not have a tendency to confirm the people in the peaceful intentions of their late enemies. A plan was projected about this period, for establishing a military set- tlement on the rich intervals at Coos ; which, on account of the great excitement and irritation it produced on the part of the Indians, con- tributed, in no small degree, to keep the inhabitants on the frontier on the Connecticut in an attitude of suspense. The plan was entirely quixotic, and arranged without any due consideration of the state of af- fairs, or of the circumstances of the situation then existing. The ap- proval of Governor Wentworth was secured for it, although it was after- wards ascertained, that he had so little geographical knowledge of the country on the upper Connecticut, that he did not even know where the Coos meadows were. An exploring party was sent in the spring of 1752, * Captain Stevens and Lieutenant Isaac Parker, from December 15th, 1750, to December 21st, 1751, had at No. 4, thirteen men. From December 21st, 1751, to March, 1753, fourteen men. From March 30th, 1753, to March 11th, 1754, ten men. HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 55 for the purpose of making the necessary preliminary arrangements, and laying out the projected township. The Indians, getting knowledge of this movement, became greatly excited, as the intervals were claimed by them, and despatched six of their warriors to No. 4, to enter the protest of the St. Francis tribe against the movement. The account of their interview with Captain Stevens will be best told by Captain Israel Wil- liams, to whom he related it. Letter of Captain Israel Williams relating to the Coos Country, to Lieut. Governor JPhips. Hatfield, March 19th, 1753. Sir: Captain Stevens, of No. 4, was lately at my House, and gave me the following acco't, which I thought it my duty to transmit to your Hon- our, it appearing to me to be of Importance to the Publick ; viz. — That the beginning of Jan'y last, six Indians of the St. Francois Tribe came to No. 4 Fort under a Flag of Truce ; the first thing they asked after was. Whether it was all well ? To which he answered yes, and asked Whether they had not heard of the late Treaty at the Eastward ? Their answer was. No, They knew of no such thing. He told them there was no Doubt but some of their Tribe was present at the Treaty. They said none of their Chiefe, for if they had any Treaty with the Eng- lish it would be at Albany, or in some of these parts. They further said to the Cap't you well know what you heard from our Chief men last Summer at Montreal, and what they say is always Strong. In the most of the conversation he had with them, he told me they manifested great uneasiness at our People's going to take a view of Cowoss Meadows last Spring but never fully declared their minds tUl the morning they took their Departure, when with a great deal of Deliberation, (as he express- ed it) they told him For the English to settle Cowoss was what they could not agree to and as the English had no need of that Land, but had enough without it, they must think the English liad a mind for War if they should go there, and said, if you do we will endeavor that you shall have a strong war ; that they should have the Moliavvks, and Ot- tawawas to help them ; That there was four hundred Indians now a hunting on this side the St. Francois River, and that the owners of the land at Cowoss would be all there this Spring, and that they at No. 4, might expect that if the affair of settling Cowoss went forward, to have all their houses burnt. They told him further, they had no mind for 56 HISTORY OF CHARLBSTOWN. war aud desired him to use his Interest to prevent the English going to Cowoss, and said again if they go, there must be War, and it would be a war of the English's making. Thus I have given the account almost in the words he delivered to me, nothing materially different. Upon the whole it is evident that the Indians are acquainted with the Designs and Projections of a neighboring Government (New-Hamp- shire) and it is as evident they don't intend tamely to yield up the pos- session of that place to the English ; but on the contrary do what they can to hinder the settlement of it ; and as they suppose the Land to be theirs ; and none without their consent have right to enter upon it ; and that they have good right vi et armis to drive any such away, so beyond all dispute the French will encourage and help them, that they may prevent the English being so near neighbors to them. However easy and practicable the settlement of Cowoss may appear to some, yet I make no doubt they will meet with a Tartar, and find themselves miserably disappointed that they have undertaken it if they proceed. Though there is no rational Prospect of success attending the Scheme under its present direction, yet, perhaps some rash and inconsiderate attempt may be made by some of the undertakers, that may prove of unhappy consequence to themselves and others unless care be taken. Therefore, for the security and safety of the People of this Province, I can't but think it a Point of Prudence in this Government, to make the Indians sensible we are neither the contrivers nor Promoters of the design of which they might be ascertained, in the answer to their mes- sage by Captain Stevens, which, he tells me they are expecting with some impatience." The substance of this letter being laid by Governor Shirley of Mas- sachusetts, before Governor Weutworth, threw such discouragement on the settlement of Coos Meadows, that the design, without further endeavors to carry it into effect, was wholly relinquished, as under the circumstances impracticable. The Indians did not content themselves with remonstrating and threatening ; but, regardless of its being a time of peace, committed in their roving expeditions several acts of hostility upon the inhabitants, of the frontier, which served most effectually to confirm the opinion which many had formed that the peace of Aix la Chapelle, as well as that with the Indians at Falmouth, was to have no other result than a short cessation of arms ; aud that the frontiers were soon to be visited again with all the horrors of savage warfare. Before another spring, however, a conference being held with the Eastern Indians, by the HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWy. 57 government of Massachusetts, a present was made to the St. Francis tribe (called by some the Aresaguntacook) for the purpose of bringing about a fuller reconciliation than had previously existed. They ac- cepted the present, and declaring that the blood was wiped away, cheerfully ratified, so far as was apparent, the treaty of 1749, which had been made with the other tribes. The Spring of 1753, opened on the inhabitants of No. 4 with favor- able prospects. Better dispositions appeared to be entertained by the Indians, and a desire on their part was manifested for the cultivation of a more friendly intercourse than had previously existed. And though by no means full confidence was as yet placed in them, yet the suspicious of the citizens were so far removed that they were enabled to engage with an increasing fearlessness in the tilling of their fields, and in the duties that called them to a distance from the fort. The Indians were disposed to trafiic, and were free so far as appearances indicated from hostile intentions ; and a similar course of conduct be- ing pursued by them towards other settlements, the distrust which had all along been felt was at length overcome, and gave place to a general conviction, which continued through the summer, that they were sin- cere in their professions of peace, and that no harm was, immediately at least, to be apprehended from them. In this state of things, it was no longer deemed necessary by the people, that they should confine them- selves to the fort, outside of which, from the Spring of 1746, there had been no safety. They therefore gathered up their effects and gladly bade good-bye to the closely confined life, which they had been com- pelled for such a length of time to lead. And, though the government of Massachusetts did not cease to continue a small garrison at the fort, it does not appear that any use of that fortification was made by the inhabitants, who had prepared themselves homes on their own Jots, though at no considerable distance from it. The habitation at the time on the north most distant from its protection, was that of James Johnson, who was subsequently taken captive with his family by the Indians. This Mrs. Johnson describes in her narrative as being about one hundred rods from the fort, and as being the most northerly set- tlement on the Connecticut River. Not far from the same distance on the meadow down the river was the Block-house of Captain Stevens. The other habitations were nearer, and consequently, in some respects, in less exposed situations. The roll of Captain Phineas Stevens' compa- ny contains the names of most of the settlers, but there were, in addi- tion to these, several others not found there, among whom it is proper 58 HISTOET OF CHABIiESTOWN. to mention Deacon Thomas Adams, Captain Jonathan Huhbard, Peter Labaree and Seth Putnam. Ebenezer Farnsworth was also probably a settler at that time. The summer was a prosperous one. Good crops rewarded the labors of the inhabitants, which they were able to gather in without any of those fearful apprehensions which they had so long experienced. Much labor was also done in clearing new lands and in preparing them for a state of cultivation. But what renders this year peculiarly memorable is the incorporation of the Township by New-Hampshire. This took place in consequence of a petition, presented by Captain Phineas Stevens and others, July 2nd, 1753 ; and, what must have been exceedingly agreeable to the proprietors, they were confirmed, by the charter given them, in all the rights and privileges which had been pre- viously granted by Massachusetts, but to which, as the township had subsequently been found to be included in the jurisdiction of New- Hampshire, they had no legal title. The township which, up to this time, had been known by no other designation than No. 4, received the name of Charlestown. This name it received in compliment to Com. Sir Charles Kuowles, who had presented Captain Stevens with an elegant and valuable sword, for his bravery in defense of the fort for three days and nights, against General Debeline. But this period of tranquillity which had proved so favorable to Charlestown, as the township must now be called, and which was also contributing to the settlement of the townships below on the river, was destined to be of very short duration ; and this was what one acquaint- ed with the circumstances of the treaty between the two nations might have anticipated ; for not one of the diflB.culties in which the war had originated was settled by it. Precisely the same causes therefore re- mained for a rupture which had previously existed. The real question at issue between the two nations was one of territory. France was grasping and aggressive and in that as unscrupulous as it was possible for a nation to be ; and her principal intentions in the negotiation were evidently only to put England off of her guard for a time, that she might make preparations for carrying forward her schemes of aggrand- izement in a future conflict. But fortunately England knew her ad- versary, and was not insensible to the fact that the matter in contro- versy between them was one which could never be permanently decided except by the sword. She as well as France therefore determined on early and vigorous preparation for the contest which could not be very long deferred. As, therefore neither of the nations was ignorant of HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 59 the Other's intentions, it can hardly be surprising that the prospects of peace -which had been so pleasant should be obscured by indications of hostility early in the following year. The change was greatly regret- ted not only by the inhabitants of Charlestown, but by all who had been induced by the expectations of the continuance of peace to commence the formation of settlements on the river below. Walpole, Westmoreland, Chesterfield and Winchester had been chartered by New-Hampshire, and some settlements also west of the river, had be- gun to spring up, all of which would require garrisons for their defense in case of a war, or the inhabitants would remain in them at fearful risks. And from what source were their garrisons to be obtained? In the former war Massachusetts had furnished the troops ; but were not the relations of this section so changed, by the incorporation of its towns by New-Hampshire, as to exclude the expectation of further aid from that government? Before their adoption by New-Hampshire, (as they had been granted by Massachusetts) they might have consid- ered that they had some claim to her protection. But with what pro- priety could they apply to her to furnish troops for their garrisons, af- ter their formal reception under the jurisdiction of another state ? And would New-Hampshire furnish the necessary troops, or would she refuse, as she had done before ? Fropi the time of the death of Ensign Obadiah Sartwell a garrison had been sustained at Charlestown. But as it had at no time exceeded twenty-five, it was far too small to be efiective, and constitute, in case of hostilities, a suflicient force for defense. But in the summer of 1754, as the prospect of hostilities became more imminent. Governor Went- worth ordered a detachment of sixty men from the regiment of Col- onel Joseph Blanchard, of Dunstable, for the protection of the fron- tiers on the Merrimac and Connecticut Rivers. Colonel Blanchard says in a letter dated, Dunstable, August 29th, 1754, " The complement destined for Connecticut River marched in company and under com- mand of Major Bellows." This consisted of eighteen men — officers in- cluded — of which the following is the Muster Roll ; — Lieut. Benjamin Bellows. Henry Hill. Sent. Jesse Richardson. Joseph Richardson. James Hewey. James Page. Henry Hewey. John Lovell, jr. John Cummings. Samuel Parker, jr. Amos Kenney. Timothy Beadle. 60 HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. John Martin. ' James "Whiting. Samuel Stearns, jr. Amos Whiting. James French. James Hill. The date of the time of entrance of the above named into service was the 23d of August, 1754. On the 31st of August, after the com- pany had reached the Connecticut, Captain Phineas Stevens was added to it as Sergeant, and Jonathan Hubbard, also of Charlestown, as a Pri- vate. On the 9th of September, Henry Hill was discharged, and on the 16th, Caleb Willard, of Charlestown, was enlisted to supply his place. On the 13th of October, John Martin was also discharged, and John Cummings, jr., on the 14th, entered service to supply his place. The company, therefore, consisted of twenty men, — officers included. (See " Potter's Military History," page 119.) Potter, in his " Military History of New-Hampshire," says " The detachment under Major Bellows doubtless did duty at Walpole and the fort at No. 4, now Charlestown." The following extract of a let- ter from Colonel Blanchard to Governor Wentworth, relating to this detachment, would seem to indicate that it was not intended that it should perform service at Charlestown at all, unless its presence was re- quired by some emergency : — " Before I parted with Major Bellows I strongly urged his taking an equal care of the inhabitants on Connect- icut river, down to include Westmoreland and ye Great Meadows (or Putney), and urged that the Great Meadows and Westmoreland joyn in one garrison ; Walpole, Westminister and Rockingham, whose im- provements lye handy, to make two garrisons. In Walpole, one on the river Bank, the other on the outside of the meadow, where Mr. Bel- lows' house now stands, the forts about half a mile distant right op- posite to the improvements in Westminister, and will cover two hun- dred acres of goo Selectmen. Isaac Parker, j Province of ) New-Hampshire, j In obedience to the warrant, I have notified and warned the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Charles- town to assemble and meet, as is herein required, at the time and place therein mentioned, to act and vote on the several articles within mentioned, according to the tenor of the warrant, by giving them ver- bal and personal. Thomas Putnam, Constable. At the meeting above notified, it was " Voted on the 3d article, that , the constables posting up a warrant or notification for a town meeting in some public place in the town seven days before the time set for a meeting shall be accounted a sufficient warning, and that the constable may be at liberty to warn the meetings, either by posting up the war- rant as aforesaid, or to notify the freeholders and other inhabitants qualified by law to vote in the town meetings by word of mouth." Succeeding meetings of the town were usually called by the warrant or notification posted in some public place according to the require- ment of the above vote. The meetings were invariably called in His Majesty's name. 100 HISTOKY OF CHARLESTOWN. The favorable position of Charlestown for affording business facili- ties, iu connection with the new settlements, would quite naturally lead to the expectation of a rapid increase in its permanent population. But the facts in the case afford little warrant for such a statement. A com- parison of the number of the inhabitants of Charlestown with other towns does not give it the superiority, in this respect, which might have been anticipated. The first census of New-Hampshire, on which any reliance is to be placed, was taken in the year 1767. It was made un- der the supervision of the selectmen of each town, and was returned by them to the government. Governor Wentworth had, several times before, attempted to ascertain the number of the population of the Province, as he had been directed to do it by the British ministry, but there being no fund to pay the expense, and no law to compel obedi- ence to his order, he was subjected to the inconvenience of delay and disappointment. But in the year above mentioned his endeavors were at length crowned with success ; and he had the pleasure of receiving quite full returns from most of the towns. From these returns I give the enumeration of the inhabitants of several towns, mostly on the riv- er, both below and above Charlestown, which will afford some idea of the progressof emigration, and also comparatively of the progress of populatioil in each place. TOWNS. 0^ CD " pip ci IB S3 §S « •3 o Keene Swanzey Winchester Hinsdale Chesterfield Westmoreland Walpole Alstead Charlestown.. , Claremont Newport Cornish Plainfleld Lebanon Hanover Orford Haverhill 51 66 84 4 149 68 23 49 82 7 96 54 1 35 64 107 10 132 74 1 1 18 23 36 2 50 24 ,1 30 56 107 4 104 60 28 71 112 3 103 71 24 52 104 1 72 52 15 25 30 35 25 31 44 86 4 114 48 1 13 27 50 40 27 16 5 3 5 17 21 36 37 22 10 20 36 26 20 12 30 60 40 30 11 20 16 13 26 12 14 18 1 18 12 21 32 43 I 43 29 2 1 430 320 428 158 365 891 308 130 334 157 29 133 112 162 92 75 172 HISTORY OF CUARLESTOWN. 101 In addition to these townships in New-Hampshire, there were Put- ney, Westminster, Rockingham, Springfield, &c., west of the Connect- icut Eiver, which were considerable settlements, of the number of whose inhabitants, at the time of the New-Hampshire census, no defi- nite information has been obtained. Persons acquainted with the rapid progress of population of late years, in our western states, may think these early pioneer settlements of New-England very small matters ; especially if they forget to take into consideration the difference in the circumstances under which they were made. But viewed in their relation to the establishment and pro- gress of our institutions, there were connected with them interests of the most vital importance ; for it was in these settlements, and such as these, that the great principle of popular government "The government of the people, by the people" had its earliest, and, in many respects, its most beautiful illustrations. They were no mere collections of inhabit- ants thrown together without regulations or any definite and fixed principles of order, but were persons who, while they clearly saw and understood their own rights, as clearly saw and understood that these rights were of such a nature as to involve, in their preservation and support, both the recognition and duty of maintaining the rights of others. Their principle of government, therefore, began, not with the King or chief ruler, as had been customary in Europe, but with the individual governed ; and they had the sagacity to see that if the rights of every individual were sacredly respected, the rights of all must of necessity be secured. The utmost carefulness was, therefore, always exercised in their public action, that there should be no in- fringement on any lawful individual interest or pursuit. Hence, all over New-England these principles were spread, to be ultimately trans- fused to form the basis of our national institutions. The importance of these settlements, then, did not result from the number of their population nor the amount of business accomplished in them, but from their being the fields where the great principles of hu- man rights took their earliest and firmest root. The inhabitants, ac- customed to liberty and the enjoyment of equal rights, from the begin- ning, soon came to regard them, not as mere privileges, but as their birth rights ; and the consequence was, that when they saw them in- trenched upon by the King and British Parliament, there was every- where, through New-England, a perfect unanimity of feeling that they must not be surrendered : a unanimity which never would have existed had the government of the towushijjs been difl^reutly adminis- 102 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. tered. The universal diffusion of the principles underlying the Amer- ican Revolution, therefore, is to be traced to our little town republics, in which those principles had constituted, almost necessarily, the rules of their action from the beginning. It has been seen that, when hostilities were brought to an end by the subjugation of Canada, and no further dangers were to be apprehend- ed from the enemies that for so long a period had harrassed and dis- tressed the frontier settlements, Charlestown at once entered upon a new career of prosperity. For. though no negotiations of peace had been entered into, and Great Britian and France were still at war, it was felt that the matter was settled that France could by no possibil- ity regain the power she had lost. The people, therefore, felt that all those things which had operated as obstacles and hindrances to the set- tlement of the country, were at length removed, and immediately be- gan to take advantage of the new circumstances, by making prepara- tion for occupying the rich lands which had been laid open to them, and making for themselves and their children homes in the wilderness, which, owing to their straitened circumstances, in consequence of the long and disastrous war, very many ware not able to do in the older settlements. Of those who settled in Charlestown, between the years 1760 and 1775, we have a very imperfect list. But, as an imperfect list of those who were here over one hundred years ago, may give some satisfaction, where nothing better can be ob- tained, I will give the names, of such as are known to have taken up their abode, or were residents in the town previous to the year 1776, affixing an asterisk * to the names of such as had been killed, or had died before 1760. Captain Phineas Stevens.* Benjamin Allen. Samuel Farnsworth.* Dea. Thomas Adams.* ^ David Farnsworth. Sampson Colefax. Stephen Farnsworth. William Heywood. Dr. John Hastings. Seth Walker. Slyvanus Hastings. Abel Walker. John Hastings Jr. Lieut. John Sawyer. Lieut. Moses Willard.* Benjamin Sawyer. Moses Willard Jr. Ens. ]\Ioses Wheeler. James Nutting Willard. Seth Putnam. Captain John Spafford. Ebenezer Putnam. Bradstreet Spafford. Thomas Putnam. Lieut. Isaac Parker. Seth Putnam Jr.* HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. 103 Isaac Parker, Jr. Nathaniel Parker. David Parker. James Porter. William Porter. Noah Porter. Ens. Obadiah Sartwell.* Simon Sartwell. Nathaniel Sartwell. Solomon Sartwell. Capt. Simon Stevens. Willard Stevens. Samuel Stevens. Enos Stevens. Andrew Gardner. Peter Labaree. Joseph Willard. Capt. Ephraim Wetherbe. James Farnsworth. Ebenezer Farnsworth. Oliver Farnsworth. Samuel Hunt, 1759. Capt. James Johnson.* Lemuel Hastings. Peter Labaree, Jr. Joseph Woods. Capt. Jonathan Hubbard. Abijah Wetherbe. Jonathan Wetherbe. James Farnsworth. The above had all had their homes in Charlestown before 1760. The following settled in town between 1760 and 1776. Constant Hart. Eev. Bulkley Olcott. Hon. Simeon Olcott. Joel Matthews. James Willard. Nathan Stone. Samuel Hastings. Phineas Graves. Peter Page. Elijah King. Aaron Adams. William Holden. Richard Holden. Joseph King. William Leighton. Stephen Alvord. Simeon Alvord. Shem Kentfield. Comes House. Samuel Scot. Capt. John Metcalf. John Simonds. Capt. John Church. Paul Cushman. John Hart. Asa Walker. Josiah Farwell. Jonathan Willard. John Hubbard. William Henry. AVilliam Farwell. James Farwell. Jotham White. Obadiah Wells. Dr. David Taylor. Aaron Willard. Benjamin Towner. Sylvanus Johnson. Capt. Aaron Brown. Simeon Powers. Loudon Priest. Benjamin Whitcomb. Silas Whitcomb. -Tyler Spafford. 104 HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. Elijah Grout. Dr. Abram Downer. Simon Powers. Osmon Baker. Taylor Spencer. David Brown. Dean Carlton. Edmund Langley. John Harris. Peleg Williams. William Jacobs. Isaac Farwell. Nathaniel Powers. Samuel Remington. Elijah Parker. Phineas Nevers. Joseph Powers. Elisha Farwell. Caleb Willard. Seth Walker. Seth Walker, Jr. Samuel Wetherbe. In the above list, are embraced the names of the sons of the early settlers who had become of age. The inhabitants of Charlestowu, with those of other townships in the State, partook of the dissatisfactions with the Government of Great Britian ■which, in consequence of her unjustifiable acts, became gen- eral through the country a short time previous to the commencement of the revolution, and we find them discontinuing the use of all those forms in which there might be supposed to be any acknowledg- ment or recognition of kingly authority. CHAPTER VII. Charlf-stown in the Revolution — Last town meeting warned in His Majesty's name — Measures taken by the town — Citizens patriotic — Representation at Bunker Hili^— The town a depository of Mil- itary Stores &c. — Officers from Charlestown in New-Hampshire regiments — TicoNDEROGA— Fears of an invasion by Connecticut River towns — Charlestown the place of rendezvous for the Sol- diers OF General Stark— Battle of Bennington and scenes fol- lowing. ' HE last notification for a town meeting, warned in His Majes- ty's name, bears date the 15tli of April, 1775. This meet- ing had no political bearing, as the warrant contained only the two following articles. " 1st. To choose a Moderator. 2d. To see if the inhabitants will raise money to defray the ex- pense of finishing the meeting-house," which resulted in raising and assessing £30 for that object. The date of the warrant for the next meeting, is July 29th, 1775 ; which contained no allusion to his Ma- jesty, nor any recognition of royal authority. It was notified solely on the authority of the selectmen, as the appointed guardians of the town. No reference is made to the massacre, at Lexington, or the bat- tle of Bunker Hill ; and whatever may have been said at the meeting, its accomplished business stands on the town book, in the following quiet and reticent record ; — " Voted — 1st. That Samuel Hunt be the Moderator for this meeting. Voted, — on the 2d article in the warrant, that there be a commit- tee of safety chosen for said town. Voted — 2d, on said article, that five persons be chosen for said committee. Voted — That Samuel Hunt, William Heywood, Abel Walker, Sam- uel Stevens, Esq., and Elijah Grout, be the committee of safety for said town. 106 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. Voted — on the 3rd, article in the warrant, " That the proceedings of the following meeting be accepted ; viz. At a meeting held in Charles-' town, on the 15th day of May, 1775, at five o'clock, in the afternoon, and voted — 1st. That Samuel Hunt be Moderator. Voted 2nd. That AVilliam Heywood be chosen to serve as a deputy for said Charlestown at the Provincial Congress to be holden at Ex- eter, on the 17th of this instant, and so from term to term during their session, or sessions, for the term of six months." So quietly, apparently, did the inhabitants of Charlestown pass from under the jurisdiction of his Majesty's government to a government constituted by the people. It is a remarkable characteristic, in the early records of the town, that the whole tenor of them is so staid, and undemonstrative. No place is given in them to temporal excitement, or individual feeling, but it is always the public responsibilities of the inhabitants which appear prominent. Thus, in all the early records of the town, there is not discoverable a single expression which can be justly interpreted as intended primarily as a compliment to any individual. They are defaced by no votes of thanks by the people to their public servants, nor by any of the sops of flattery which, at the present time, have everywhere become so common, but are the records of the actions of men regarding the public good as their chief concern and who did not, on account of any sacrifices it might cost them, shrink from any efforts, by which that good might be promoted and advanced. At the commencement of the contest which resulted in the final sep- aration of the colonies from Great Britain, the inhabitants of Charles- town did not leave their position for a moment doubtful, but immedi- ately gave in their adhesion to the new order of things which was in- stituted. They elected Elijah Grout as a deputy to represent them in the Assembly at Exeter, to be held on January 5th, 1775, for the pur- pose of choosing delegates to send to the General Congress to be hold- en at Philadelphia, in the following May ; and they empowered Mr. Grout, as their deputy, to act with other deputies of the Province, when met, to choose a committee of their body to proportion the sum each town ought to pay towards defraying the expenses of the dele- gates to the above mentioned Congress. The fact of the appointment of a committee of safety by the town has also been noted. I may add that the town was also represented, by several of its citizens, at the battle of Bunker Hill ; among whom were Lieutenant Isaac Farwell, Gilbert Caswell, John Cross, Joseph HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 107 Powers, and Daniel Adams ; all members of Captain JoKn Marcy's Company, Colonel Reid's Regiment. Nathaniel Parker, son of Na- thaniel and grandson of Lieutenant Isaac Parker, moreover fell in that battle. At the time of the census of New-Hampshire, the return of which for Charlestown was made by the Selectmen, Samuel Hunt, "William Heywood, and Eaos Stevens, December 18, 1775, of a popu- lation of 116 males between the ages of 16 aud 50, Charlestown had twenty-two in the army ; — a greater proportion of its available men than was furnished by most other towns in the State. The insinua- tion has sometimes been made, that Charlestown was deficient in pat- riotism during the Revolutionary struggle ; but no further vindication of the patriotic character of the inhabitants than is afforded by the above fact need be required. A few of the citizens were inclined to allegiance to the mother country ; and, as they were connected with distinguished families, it was probably in this that the impression had its origin. Charlestown, from its situation, became, in the war of the Revolu- tion, a post of no inconsiderable importance. It was made by the State a depository of Military Storss of which Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Hunt was the custodian and Elijah Grout, Esq., distributing commissary. Here, companies from New-Hampshire, on their march to Canada, or to Ticonderoga, or Crown Point, received their supplies of ammunition, and were furnished with necessary equipments. It was also appointed to be the place of rendezvous for the array of General John Stark, (see notices of Colonel Hunt, Elijah Grout, Major Wil- liam Heywood, and Captain Abel Walker in this work), on its way to Bennington, and was also in the war-path of other New-Hampshire forces, which did important service at Saratoga and Stillwater, and in bringing about the ultimate surrender of Burgoyne. It was at one time expected that Burgoyne would march upon the place or send an expedition against it, as threats were thrown out by him to that effect ; but he had probably no such intention, and only menaced it for the purpose of covering up the real designs which he had in view. Charlestown, quite early in the Revolutionary Struggle, became also a recruiting station for the army. In January, 1776, after the unsuc- cessful attack of General Arnold upon Quebec, Captain Abel Walker raised a company, (see sketch of Captain Walker) with whicli he im- mediately marched to re-enforce General Thomas, upon whom the com- mand of the army Lad devolved. The repulse of Arnold took place on the 31st of December, 1775 ; and such was the promptness with which 108 HISTORY OF CHARLESXOWN. Captain Walker raised his men and accomplished his march, that he arrived before Quebec on the 25th of the following February. There were twelve in the company, all of Charlestown, with the exception of Henry Silsby, who was of Acworth. In the July following another com- pany was raised at Charlestown, under Captain Samuel Wetherbe, of which Jonathan Hubbard, also of Charlestown, was ensign. This was Company No. 5 in Colonel Isaac Wyman's regiment, and was raised for the defense of Portsmouth and its harbor. What was subsequent- ly termed the First New-Hampshire Regiment was organized the 7th of April, 1777. This regiment was under the command of Colonel Jo- seph Cilley, of Nottingham, and Lieutenant Colonel George Reed, of Londonderry. Isaac Farwell (see sketch of) was Captain of Compa- ny No. 1, of this regiment, and Jonathan Willard, also of Charlestown, was his Ensign. Peleg Williams, of Charlestown, was First Lieutenant of Company No. 2, and Simon Sartwell held the same office in Compa- ny No. 7. In the following year Simon Sartwell was promoted to be a Captain, and Jonathan Willard to be a Lieutenant. The latter was moreover made Quarter-master in 1780. William Holden was captain of a company in Colonel Timothy Bedell's regiment, which was raised for frontier duty or Continental service as occasion might require, ear- ly in 1778, and which was discharged in March, in the same year, (see William Holden.) For further accounts of the services of the citizens of Charlestown, especially in connection with the defense of Ticondero- ga and the battle of Bennington, see sketches of Captain Abel Walk- er, Lieutenant Bradford SpafTord, Lieutenant James Farnsworth, Lieu- tenant Colonel Samuel Hunt, Colonel William Heywood, Commissary Elijah Grout, and others. A regiment, under Colonel Moses Nichols, was raised for the defense of West Point in 1780, in which Peter Page of Charlestown was Cap- tain of Co. No. 1. In the summer of 1777, not only a large proportion of the citizens of Charlestown were engaged in the military service of the country, but the same was true of many other towns in the County of Cheshire. When an order came from General Stark, dated Brumley, (Bromley, Vermont, now Peru) August 6, 1777, to Colonel Hunt, of Charlestown, " To mount the cannon at No. 4 immediately, and get all the cannon from Walpole brought up to No. 4, and fix them on carriages," Colonel Hunt wrote to the Council of Safety, in Exeter, the next day, " That so many of the inhabitants 'of this county are now abroad in the service that it is extremely difficult to hire workmen ; nor do I know where it HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 109 is possible to procure iron ; nor cau timber that is seasoned and proper for that business be handily got," consequently the mounting of the can- non was postponed. At this time there ivas a company of volunteers from Charlestown ■with Stark, under the command of Captain Abel Walker, which was embraced in Colonel Hobart's regiment, which, we have reason to believe, did good service in the Battle of Bennington, which followed a few days after. Burgoyne's movements had excited intense interest in all the towns along the Connecticut Kiver. After the evacuation of Ticonde- roga, by our army, most of the militia from New-Hampshire who had gone forward to assist in the defense of that fortress, on finding that they could render no service towards that object, immediately returned to No. 4, where a copy of the General's express had preceded them ; . directing that the militia should be sent to Bennington, towards which the main army had retreated, and where it was proposed that a stand should be made. After becoming acquainted with the contents of the express, the officers and militia met in a body to consult in relation to what they would do in respect to complying with its direction. But, on consultation, they all, finally, concluded to return home and wait till they should receive further orders from the General Court. Not one company of militia, therefore, from the State, went forward, at this time, to join the Continental army. When the militia left for their homes, Charlestown and the other towns, similarly situated, had no protection whatever. Meantime, the British General, in the exposed situation of the frontiers, embraced the opportunity to play upon the feelings of the people, by exciting their fears in every way that lay in his power. He artfully caused rumors to be spread for the purpose of concealing his real intentions ; that he was about to make a descent on some point on the Connecticut River, but, de- signedly, that he might create a wider alarm, left the place undesignated on which his vengeance might ultimately fall. Many of the towns on the river, therefore, had their fears excited, and none more than Charlestown, on account of its position, as lying in the war-path of the forces of New- Hampshire, and on the old military road. We shall better understand the excitement of the people, by reference to despatches and letters written at the time. " Letters giving warning of the advance of the British troops. From Joel Matthews to General Bailey. Sir : — I have this moment received intelligence from Otter Creek of the motion of the Enemy, viz. That yesterday they were at Rutland, and 110 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. this day they will be at White's, niue miles this side, with an intent to march to No. 4 ; also another Detachment to march to Cohos. This in- telligence comes by way of Windsor to me. I have ordered to raise the Militia in these parts. We have sent to Colonel Marsh, who likely will also send to you. I still wait your orders tho' I shall march what men I can raise to oppose the Enemy. In haste I am sir Your Hum'l Serv't, Joel Matthews. Gen. Bailey. Hartford, July 19th, 1777." Letter from Beza (Bezaleel) Woodward, Esq. " To the Committees, Military ofiicers, and good People in the State of New-Hampshire. Post called on me this moment with the Letter from which the above (from Mr. Matthews) is a copy. As you regard the safety of this Fron- tier for God's sake come forward without delay. The bearers Messrs. Wood and Longfellow are sent Express for that purpose. Please for- ward them with despatch. Bez. WOodwaed, Clk. Com'tee of Safety for Hanover. Hanover, Midnight, Saturday night, July 19, 1777. Assembly at Exeter are earnestly requested to send forw'd arms and ammunition for the People in this County as well as men.* Capt. Storrs returned home this day. Beza Woodwaed, Clk." A similar letter, by Major Francis Smith, of Lebanon, was desj)atched to the Committee of Safety of New-Hampshire, July 20th, 1777, implor- ing immediate assistance in arms and ammunition, &c., and Lieutenant Jonathan Freeman, of Hanover, was despatched, as agent, to the General Assembly, at Exeter, to make representation of their case. Colonel John Hurd, July 21st, 1777, wrote from Haverhill to Honor- able Meshech Weare : " SiE : — AVe were alarmed yesterday by News from No, 4, that the regular army (British army) were upon their march towards Connecticut River. But this afternoon we have seen a copy of another Letter from * Captain Aaron Storrs, who had been sent to Exeter by Lieutenant Colonel Elisha Paj'ne, of Lebanon, to request a supplj' of two hundred btands of arms. HISTORY OF CIIARLESTOWN. Ill Strafford, a Township lying West of Tlietf'ord, opposite Lime, request- ing immediate assistance to them, for that one half of the people of that Town were gone off to the Eegulars. This seems to be an alarming cir- cumstance, as we apprehend these people who have been known to be Tories, some time past, ^have held correspondence with the Regular Ar- my and know their designs of marching towards this River. So that now we may most certainly expect a Visit from 'em, if our people do not muster strong enough to repel them, which we hope wQl be the case ; for by Reports we have, the whole Country seems to be highly exasper- ated, since the unfortunate and unexpected Loss of Ty and its dependencies. The people in this Quarter are most of them, we trust, spirited to exert themselves all in their power, but are much in want of good fire arms. If there's any fire arms belonging to the State to be Spared, a proportionable part ought to be sent this way for the use of Colonel Marcy's Reg't ; what comes to Cohos may be intrusted to Colo- nel Johnston and Major Hale, on whose care you may depend to dis- tribute them, and take such security from each man as the Committee of Safety shall direct. Sir Y'r most hum'l Serv't, J. HUED. To the Hon. Meshech Weare. " Letter from Colonel Jacob Bailey, relating to the same matter. " Lyme, July 21st, 1777. Gent'n, Sundry Expresses has arrived from Windsor, informing of the Enemy pressing towards No. 4 and Coos ; and this day we find that about thirty men has deserted from Strafford and Thetford to the enemy, which obliges to move at least twenty Families, and at least four hundred Cattle and sheep across the River at Lyme ; neither can we secure what is left at Strafford without help, unless the Militia now raised march to Otter Creek, which if they do we will operate with them, which will make us secure : — otherways five hundred men will not be able to guard this River, — ^beg you will take the matter under your consideration and act therein as you think proper. I am Gent'n your very Hum'le Serv't Jacob Bailey." Walpole and other towns below Charlestown were equally excited. Colonel Benjamin Bellows, who had been in the army, but had returned home on account of the indisposition of his father, Colonel Bellows, Sen., wrote, on the 13th of July, 1777 to the Committee of Safety as follows : 112 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. " Gentlemen, you no doubt have heard of the disaster we have met with at the westward ; so shall not undertake to give you the Particu- lars, but to sum it up in short ; we have lost all our Stores and Baggage, with some of our men, the number I am not able to ascertain. I shall represent to you something of the distressed situation of our Frontiers, Especially of persons who are easily intimidated as well as women and children, — and it is my humble opinion if some resolutions are not adopted and speedily and vigorously carried into Execution the People's hearts will fail and conclude it is a gone case ; and this part of the Country I fear will be deserted and left without any body to receive Hay or Grain, &c. I submit to Superior Wisdom, as to the best man- ner to prevent those evils we dread, and hope the most strenuous efforts will be made by Government at this most critical time ; and as the In- habitants on the other side of the River in New- York State (now the State of Vermont) would try to keep their ground, if they could in some measure be supported, if we could lend them any assistance it would an- swer as good a Purpose, as tho' done to ourselves, as there must be a Frontier ; the People on Otter Creek have many of them moved off al- ready. — Should think it best to keep out the Frontier in New- York State (Vermont) if possible. By the best information, I can get, there is not short of six or seven hundred men above this place on York side of the River that are destitute of fire arms ; if there could be any way found out to supply them it would answer a good purpose. I must further in- form you, that when we retreated from Ticonderoga, that many of the Continental Troops, instead of following the army, steared for their homes. I am Gentlemen your very humb'l Serv't Benj'n Bellows. To the Hon'ble Com'tee of Safety. " The following letter from the New-Hampshire committee of safety to the Massachusetts committee, will also be of interest in this connec- tion. " In Committee of Safety July 16th, 1777. Sir. The accounts we are continually receiving make it more than probable, that our Northern army have suffered very much on their retreat, and those who escaped are much scattered. We have sent of- ficers to No. 4 to stop all the soldiers on their way home, as well of the other States as our own. And we understand a considerable number is collected there. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 113 We have no letter from the army, and know not the route they liave taken, and are greatly at a loss what measures are necessary to be taken at this Important crisis, and desire a communication of your sentiments on the subject. Our General Assembly will meet to-mor- row, and we are sure will readily coincide with our sister States in adopting the most spirited exertions to retrieve the losses, and save our Country from the threatened Destruction. P. S. The Inhabitants of our Frontier Towns on Connecticut Eiver are sending their Committees in the most pathetic manner, begging to be supplied with fire arms, as half of them (they say) are destitute, and other parts of the State not much better stocked. We must again repeat our solicitation in the most urgent manner to our sister State to sell us some of the large Quantities of Guns they have lately Import- ed, or a considerable part of our Militia must remain unwilling spec- tators of the War in which they would gladly assist their country." The answer of the Massachusetts committee to the foregoing, was as follows. " We are sorry it is not in our power to supply you with the arms you request. We have furnished you by Colonel Folsom with five Tons of Lead and five thousand Flints." The above letters and despatches have been given for the purpose of conveying to the reader the state of public feeling in the townships, on the Connecticut River, and also in the State, more definitely, as well as more vividly, than it could possibly be done by any description ; as they present a true and most lively transcript of the public mind at the time. Happily all this excitement was not without the produc- tion of its eflfect in a right direction. Not only the Committee of Safe- ty and Assembly of New-Hampshire, but the people also, especially iu the western part of the state, were deeply moved ; and the most prompt and energetic measures were instituted to meet the emergencies of the times. The Assembly of New-Hampshire which had concluded their spring session and gone home, were again, by a summons from the Com- mittee of Safety, brought together. They met on the 17th of July and held a session of three days; and three more important days never oc- curred iu the legislation of the State. The whole Militia of the State were formed into tvvo Brigades; the first of which was placed under the command of B. General William Whipple, and thesecond under General John Stark who with one fourth of his own Brigade and one fourtli of the Brigade of General Whipple, was ordered to march immediately for the purpose of checking the progress of the enemy ; and a messen- ger was despatched to Charlestown to Colonel Samuel Hunt with or- 114 HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. ders from tlie Committee of Safety, to provide and store what provis- ions and other stores he could for the service of the state, which or- ders were accompanied with one thousand pounds out of the treasury of the state, to be by him accounted for » and all other necessary acts were passed for promoting and carrying into effect the design which they had in view. Stark, to whose movements all eyes were now looking, lost no time in delay. But immediately having concerted all necessary measures for expediting the arrival of his forces at No. 4, hastened forward himself to that appointed place of rendezvous ; from which he wrote to the Committee of Safety of New-Hampshire as follows : " Charlestown No. 4, July 30, 1777. SiEs: I received yours of the 22d instant with the enclosed, informing me of the situation of the enemy, and of our Frontiers ; but previous to your letter, I had received an Express from Colonel "Warner, inform- ing me of their situation, and I forwarded 250 men to their relief on the 28th. I sent another detachment off this day, and as fast as they come in will send them. I expect to march myself to-morrow or next day ; we are detained a good deal for want of Bullet molds as there is but one pair in Town, and the few Balls you sent goes but a little way in supplying the whole. I am afraid we shall meet with difficulty in procuring Kettles or utensils to cook our Victuals as the Troops has not brought any. If such articles can be procured, I believe it would be of the utmost im- portance to the safety and welfare of the Troops. I am informed this day by a man from Otter Creek that the Enemy is left Castletown ' and is gone to Skeensborough, with an intent to march to Bennington ; but I rather think they do it by way of a feint to call the attention of General Schuyler from fort Edward, or to Fatigue our Troops. There is four pieces of small Cannon at this place, that looks good, but wants to be cleaned out and put on Carriages. If you should think proper I will order it done, as there is people here that says they can do it ; as there is but very little Kum in the Store here, if some could be for- warded to us it would oblige us very much, as there is none of that ar- ticle in them parts where we are agoing. I enclose you a Copy of a Letter I this moment received from Colonel Williams, and as you in- formed me when I saw you last, that you had not received any ac- count from any Gentleman in the army since the disertion of Ticon- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOAVN. 115 deroga, I likewise enclose you a Copy of a letter I received from Mr. Cogau, and by the best informations, is as near the truth as any you may receive. I have showed it to Col. Bellows and a number of other oflScers that was present, and they say they could all sign it. I ara. Sirs, your Honors most Obed't Humble Servant, John Staek." The following are the instructions by the Committee of Safety, to Colonel Samuel Folsom, for General Stark. "Sih: The Committee desire you to proceed to No. 4, and if Gener- al Stark has marched from thence to follow him and endeavor to find out what circumstances his men are in, how they are provided for, and what they are likely to want that can be supplied from this State. As the Convention of Vermont, proposed supplying them with Provisions we depend they will. You will inform General Stark, that it is expected that he with the advice of his Field Officers will appoint such necessary officers as they may have Occasion for. We are fearful that the troops will suffer for the want of Kettles, but hope they have carried some from home. None could be procured in New-England, that we could hear of which you will let them know. You will inform General Stark that all the Medicines that could be procured, as also 44 bushels of salt, and one thousand lbs of Balls, are now on their way to No. 4. You will endeavor to be informed whether there is a magazine of ammunition at Bennington, or whether our men must be supplied from this State, as we have but a small quantity on hand, you will inquire of Colonel Hunt, and Mr. Grout at No 4 what Quantit}"^ of ammuni- tion they have delivered to General Stark's men, and what remains in their hands ; and on the whole give such advice as you find needful for the public good to all persons concerned in the service of the State in those parts, and endeavor to contrive to the furnishing such things as you can that are absolutely needful, and make report on your return of such assistance as to you appears necessary to be sent them from home. July 30, 1777. (B. G. Stark.)" " Letters from General Stark relating to Stores at Charlestown and the State of the army. 116 history of oharlestown. Chaelestown, Aug. 2, 1777. Sir: I this day Received your favour by Col. Folsom, for which I re- turn you my hearty thanks. I enclose you a Copy of a return of what Stores there are now in the Commissioner's hands and what they have delivered out to the Brigade. The Brigade is not yet completed. But I expect there is a sufficient quantity of ammunition on hand to furnish it. Had all the powder here in Store proved good, and fit for use, we might have had a full supply of that article for present use. As to the quantity of State Stores at Bennington, it is quite out of my power to give you an account of them at present; but refer you to Col. William's letter which I transmitted to you by Express, and which I hope came safe to hand. I purpose to set out for Manchester to-morrow, and after I arrive there I will forward you an account of what supplies can be got there. I should have gone from here before now, but could not get our Balls run for want of molds. I received nothing new from the Enemy since I wrote to you last : Whenever anything comes to hand worth communicating I will forward it to you with all speed. I would have sent you an account of the strength of the Brigade, was it in my power, but cannot, because they only arrive in small parties, and as soon as I can complete a Division, I commonly give them marching orders, for to set out for Manchester without delay. After I arrive there, I will obtain a List of the num- ber of men in that department and shall send you an account of the same. I have ordered one Company to tarry here to guard the State Stores, and two Company's I have stationed on the height of land between this place and Otter Creek for the security of the Inhabitants. As there are no spirits to be had at our Station I would esteem it a favour, if you would order the Stores that are at this place, to be forwarded to that place, and set a price upon the same ; more will be wanted. I am, with regard, your most Obedient and humble Servant, John Staek Br. G. N. B. Sealing Wax and Paper is much wanted. HISTORY OF CHAULESTOWN. 117 RETUEN OF STORES AT CHARLESTOWN. An Account of the State Stores now in the Custody of the following persons in this Town. Colonel Samuel Hunt has now on hand 13 Barrels of Powder, 7 sheets of lead or pieces, — 100 Flints. Commissary Grout has on hand the following articles; 11 Barrels of powder, 9 of which are condemned. About 34 Bushels of Salt. Mr. White* has ou hand also 5 Hogsheads of Rum, 5 Barrels of Sugar, 2 Do. Do. Commissary Grout has dealt out to my Brigade 509 Pounds of Pow- der, 710 Do Balls and Lead." General Stark entered the camp at Manchester, on the 8th of Au- gust; and was just in season to countermand the order which had been given to his troops to march to Saratoga. They had even set out, un- der General Lincoln of Massachusetts, in obedience to an order of General Gates, to march and join the Northern Army at that place ; but Stark, opportunely arriving, immediately commanded them to halt, when he informed General Lincoln, that by the State of New- Hampshire, he had been intrusted with a separate command, and promptly and decidedly refused permission to his troops to comply with the order of General Gates. This produced a great excitement, and a great outcry was raised against New-Hampshire, on account of the course she had pursued. It was denounced as being subversive of all military discipline and order ; and the matter was carried into Con- gress, where an exciting debate occurred on the subject, and it was proposed and seconded by Maryland, that a resolve of Congress might be passed to censure General Stark's conduct in refusing to submit to the rules and regulations of the army. But, on motion being made to that effect, it was agreed by a great majority, that it should lie on the table. — Said the New-Hampshire delegates in communicatiug the mat- ter to the government. " We informed Congress that a motion of that sort came with a very bad grace from Maryland who, only, of the thirteen United States had seen fit to make laws directly in oppo- sition to Congress by refusing that their Militia should be subjected to the rules and regulations of the army when Joined; and we informed Congress that we had not the least doubt but the first battle they heard of from the North would be fought by Stark and the troops commanded by him." That was true; and the battle had already * This was Jotham White, afterwards Major Jotham White. 118 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. been fought at the time of the debate; and whatever judgment may be passed on the action of New-Hampshire, when viewed in a military- light, one thing is certain, and that is that the victory at Bennington resulted from it. This Battle was fought on the 16th of August, 1777, and had not only the effect to free the inhabitants of No. 4, and others ou the River from many of their apprehensions, but caused a thrill of joy through all the American Colonies. After the Battle of Bennington, Stark, at the earnest solicitation of New-Hampshire, remained in the service and patriotically co-operated with General Gates in all his plans for circumventing and subjugating Burgoyne. General Wliip- ple's Brigade was also ordered by New-Hampshire to the scene of ex- pected conflict, from which, soon after his arrival, he wrote a.9 follows : " Batten Kill, 15 Oct. 1777. Sir : I have been so much engaged since I have been at this Post that it has not been in my power to wait on Gen. Gates till yesterday ; while I was there Mr. Burgoyne sent his Adjutant Gen'l with a Flag desiring a cessation of arms for a short time ; which was granted till sunset; the substance of the proposal made by Gen. Gates is that Gen. Burgoyne shall surrender prisoner of war — the officers and men to have their baggage and be sent to some part of New-England, — the officers to be ou their parole except such as have heretofore broke their parole ; these terms I expect will be agreed to to-day when the army will be in a situation to march down the Country, and I hope will soon have Mr. Clinton in the same situation that Mr. Burgoyne is in now. If Mr. Burgoyne does not agree to the terms proposed by Gates we shall have a smart brush to-morrow. You'll excuse this hasty scrawl as the man who takes it to Charlestown is in a hurry. I have the honor to be with every sentiment of respect Your most Humble Serv't, Wm. Whipple." Supposed to have been addressed to Hon. Meshech Weare. A few days afterwards he wrote of General Burgoyue's surrender as follows ; — " Albany, 21st Oct. 1777. Sir : I did myself the pleasure to advise you a few days ago tliat a Capitulation was negotiating between Gen'l Gates and Gen'l Burgoyne. This business was happily concluded on tlie 16th Inst. And ou the 17th the British army marched out of their encampment and laved HISTOKT OF CHARLESTOWN. 119 down their arms. I beg leave most heartily to congratulate j'ou and my Country on this happy event. Gen. Gates has given the Volunteers of New-Hampshire an honorable dismission. The two Regiments who engaged till the last of Nov'r still remain here. I am directed by the Gen'l to attend Mr. Burgoyne to Boston." So ended the formidable expedition of Burgoyne, much to the joy of the country and to the special relief of those sections which had en- tertained apprehensions of an invasion from his army. At the special session of the New-Hampshire Assembly, on the 19th of July, a committee had been appointed, on account of the dangers which threatened, to take into consideration a proper day to be appoint- ed for a day of Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer, to be observed throughout the State, aud to form a proclamation to that end. The day appointed was the 8th of August, the very day that General Stark arrived in camp at Manchester. After the happy issue of affairs through the capitulation of Burgoyne, the Assembly saw fit also, to set apart a day for " Publick Thanksgiving." Thursday, the 4th of De- cember, was the day appointed. Congress also, with a becoming spirit, appointed a National Thanksgiving on the 18th of the same month, as will be seen by the following communication : GENERAL THANKSGIVING. "YoEKTOWN, Penn. 1st November, 1777. Sir: The arms of the United States of America having been blessed, in the present campaign, with remarkable success. Congress have resolved to recommend that one day, Thursday, the 18th of December next, be set apart to be observed by all the inhabitants throughout these United States, for a General Thanksgiving to Almighty God : And I have it in command to transmit to you, the inclosed extract from the Minutes of Congress for that purpose. Your Honor will be pleased to take the necessary measures for car- rying the Resolve into effect in the State in which you preside. You will likewise find inclosed a certified copy of a minute, which will shew your Honor the authority under which I address you. I am, with great esteem and regard. Sir, your Honor's most ob't and most humbl' serv't, Henry Laurens, Pres't in Congress. The Hon'ble Meshech Weare. New-Hampshire." 120 HISTORY OF CHABLESTOWN. "In Congress, Nov. 1st, 1777. Congress proceeded to the choice of a President, and the ballots be- ing taken, Mr Henry Laurens was elected. Extract from the minutes. Chaeles Thomson, Sec'y." The inhabitants of Charlestown were not only characterized by a spirit of patriotism during the preceding exciting events, but during the whole period of the continuance of the war, as we have reason to believe, acted well and faithfully their part in the great struggle. Charlestown continued to be a military post and a depository for sup- plies for the army to the close of the war, in which a commendable part was taken by a large number of her citizens, whose names will be found recorded in the Historical Miscellany, in this work. Some no- tices of many of them will also be found in the department of this work, entitled " Genealogies and Brief Historical sketches of Charles- town Families." THE VERMONT CONTROVERSY. CHAPTER VIII. Origin of New-Hampshike Grants.— Tekritoky claimed both bt New- York and New-Hampshire— appeal to the king — decision IN FAVOR OF New-York— New -York legislation excites the set- tlers, WHO take measures to form a new State — Legislature meets at Windsor— Sixteen towns from east side of the Con- necticut River petition to unite with the new State— Union FORMED — Dissolved — Various complications — Congress takes up the Controversy. K^'^a'HE State of Vermont, originally the New-Hampshire grants, ^^ ^ adopted its Constitution, and set up an independent govern- 'fyjim ment in 1778. Previous to 1749 no township had been char- tered in the territory which it embraced. In that year Governor Ben- ning Wentworth, having received a royal commission to make grants of unimproved lands within his government, gave a charter to sundry indi- viduals of the township of Bennington, which he named from himself. Having done this, he addressed a letter to Lieutenant Governor Golden, acting chief magistrate of the Province of New-York, in the absence of General Monkton, in which he informs him in respect to the nature of the commission which he had received ; and gives a description of New- Hampshire, as the King, in his commLssion, had determined it ; and then invites Governor Golden, after he had considered the matter, to give him his sentiments in relation to the manner in which it would aflPect the grants made by him and preceding Governors ; it being his inten- tion to avoid interference with the government of the Province of New- York, as much as might be consistent with His Majesty's instructions. To this, on the 9th of April, 1750, he received a reply from Gover- nor George Clinton, contained in a resolve of the Council of New-York> as follows : — " That this Province is bounded eastward by Connecticut river, the letters patent from King Charles Second to the Duke of York expressly granting all lands from the west side of the Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware Bay." 122 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. On this, other letters passed between them, giving the reasons of their respective claims. But Governor "Wentworth, nothing deterred by any representations adverse to his commission, commenced that series of char- ters, which was only terminated in 1764 ; in which year His Majesty, to whom the two Provinces had appealed to decide the matter of juris- diction in dispute between them, made his decision in favor of New- York ; from which time New-Hampshire withdrew her claims, till led by circumstances which will hereafter be narrated again to revive them. This decision of His Majesty would have forever settled all matters in dispute, had the Legislation of New- York possessed that conciliatory element which it would have been natural to anticipate under the cir- cumstances. Governor Wentworth had chartered a large number of towns, amounting in all to 138. Fourteen thousand acres of land, also, agreea- bly to His Majesty's proclamation, had been given to certain of the King's officers, in compensation for faithful service. But New-York, greedy of gain, and eager to make what she could, instead of allowing the grant- ees any rights, construed the King's decision, as an annihilation of the New-Hampshire charters, and a retroversion of all the lands, as in a state of nature, to herself; and, with this view, commenced to enact laws, and extend her jurisdiction. But this course, so contrary to the expectations of the inhabitants and grantees, excited at once both their indignation and opposition ; an opposition which led to combinations for the defense of their rights, which their assumed rulers found it impossi- ble to control or resist : which not only rendered the laws of New- York nugatory, but were the means of ultimately establishing the territory over which it was sought to extend them as an independent State. As early as 1776, at the Dorset Convention, the representatives of the New-Hampshire grants took measures which very clearly indicated their determination to govern themselves ; and, in 1778, a Constitution having been formed and adopted, their representatives assembled for the first time, at Windsor, to enact laws for the new government, which had been organized under the name of " The State of Vermont." On their assembling at Windsor, a committee from sixteen towns on the east side of the Connecticut River, in New-Hampshire, immediately waited on the Legislature and presented a petition, representing " That their towns were not connected with any State in respect to their internal po- lice " and praying that they might be admitted to constitute a part of the new State. These towns were Cornish, Lebanon, Dresden (a name given at that time to the district belonging to Dartmouth College) Lyme, Orford, Piermout, Haverhill, Bath, Lyman, Apthorp, (now di- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 123 vided into Littleton and Dalton), Enfield, Canaan, Cardigan, (now Orange) Laudaff, Gunthwaite, (now Lisbon), and Morristown (now Franconia). These towns had no complaints to make of grievances re- ceived from the government of New-Hampshire, nor was it pretended that they anticipated any. The argument they employed to show some reasonable ground for their proceedings was this " That New-Hamp- shire had originally been granted as a province to John Mason, and, by his grant, had only extended sixty miles inland from the sea ; that all the territory westward of the sixty mile line, had been annexed to the State by virtue of royal commissions, which had been given the governors of the Province ; and that, the royal authority having been overthrown, the people of the territory, which had been in that manner annexed, were released from all obligation to continue under the New- Hampshire government. They were therefore at perfect liberty to do as they pleased, and determine for themselves what jurisdiction they would be under." The Legislature was at first inclined to reject the petition, not be- ing without apprehensions that a union with these towns might be fraught in some way with undesirable results. But the subject, by those who had it in charge, being pressed with great earnestness, and threats being put forth by members from towns in Vermont, adjoining and near the Connecticut River, that they would withdraw from the new State, provided the petition was rejected, and unite with the peo- ple in forming a State on the east side of the river, the following measure was at length adopted. It was resolved to refer the consideration of the petition to the free- men of the several towns, to be decided by the instructions which they should give their representatives, at the next meeting of the assembly. During the period intervening before the meeting of the next leg- islature the party in favor of the petition omitted no efforts by which they might secure the necessary majority of the members. And when, in June, the assembly met again, it was found tiiat thirty-seven out of the forty-nine towns represented, had voted in favor of a union with the New-Hampshire towns. An act was accordingly passed, not only authorizing the sixteen petitiouiug towns to elect and send rep- resentatives to the assembly, but it was also resolved that other towns on the same side of the river might, on producing a vote of the majori- ty of the inhabitants, or on sending representatives to the assembly, be admitted to the union. But the union of these towns on the east side of the Connecticut 124 HISTORY OF OHAKLESTOWN. with the State of Vermont had scarcely been secured, before appre- hensions began to arise of unpleasant results. It had been represented to the people of Vermont, that the inhabitants of the petitioning towns were unanimous in favor of the movement, and, in addition to this, that New-Hampshire as a State would not object to the connection. But the facts very soon came out, that neither of these representations were correct; for there was not only a considerable minority, in all the towns, who were opposed to the union with Vermont, but an indig- nant protest in the following August by Meshech Weare, the Pres- ident of New-Hampshire, as the Chief Magistrate of the State was then called, was addressed to Governor Chittenden, against the course pursued by Vermont, in admitting these towns under its ju- risdiction. He averred that the towns had been settled and cultiva- ted under grants from the New-Hampshire government; that they were within the boundaries of the State prior to the opening of the Revolution ; that most of them had sent delegates to the State in 1775, and moreover that they had applied to the State for assistance and protection, and had received it at very great expense; that the state- ment that the sixteen towns were not connected with any State, in re- spect to their internal police, was a mere chimera, without the least shadow of reason for its support ; and avowed that Boston in Massa- chusetts, and Hartford in Connecticut might as rationally declare themselves unconnected with their respective States as those sixteen towns disown their connection with New- Hampshire. When the assembly met, only a part of the sixteen towns were rep- resented. Those represented, however, insisted that, in order to have the benefit of the laws and the protection of the State, it would be nec- essary that they should be erected into a new county, or at least an- nexed to the contiguous counties west of them. And this, if they were to remain under the jurisdiction of Vermont, could not rationally be (lenied them. But the majority of the Legislature, having become ap- prehensive that their proceedings in relation to these New-Hampshire towns might not improbably have an effect adverse to the admission of their State to the American Union, as their course was to be laid, by President Weare, before Congress, began to plot a way of divorce from their new friends on the east side of the Connecticut, as soon as possi- ble. The way they took to accomplish their object was this ; feeling a little delicate about telling them that, under the circumstances, their company had ceased to be wanted, they adopted a course of strategy indirectly to inform them of the fact. The subject of providing for HISTORY OF CIIARLESTOWN. 125 the townships ia a county by themselves, or annexing them to other already existing counties, having been brought before the assembly, was most earnestly debated. At length three questions were proposed to the assembly on which they voted with the given results. Question " 1st. Shall the counties in this State remain as they were established by this assembly at their session in March last ? This was decided in the affirmative ; yeas 35 ; nays 26." The following were given as the reasons of those who voted on the negative of this question for their votes. " 1st. Because the whole state of Vermont was, (by the establishment referred to in the question) in March last, divided into two counties only ; which was previous to the union of the towns east of Connecti- cut river with this State ; and therefore they will thereby be put out of any protection or privileges of said State ; which we conceive to be inconsistent with the 6th section of the bill of rights, established as part of the constitution. 2d. Because the affirmative of the question is in direct opposition to the report of the committee of both houses on the subject. Question 2d : Shall the towns east of the Connecticut River, includ- ed in the union with this state, be included in the County of Cumberland ? This was decided in the negative ; nays, 33 ; ayes, 28. Question 3d : Shall the towns on the east side of the Connecticut, which are included by union within this state, be erected into a distinct county by themselves ? Nays, as before, 33 ; yeas, 28." Those who voted in the affirmative of the last two questions, gave their reasons as follows : " Because the negative being passed, the towns on the east side of the Connecticut river, which are included by union with this state, are thereby effectually debarred from all benefit, protec- tion and security of the commonwealth of Vermont, in violation of the 6th article of the bill of rights, which is established as part of the Con- stitution of said state, and in violation of the jiublic faith of said state, pledged by their General Assembly at Bennington, June 11th, 1778 ; and also a resolve of the Assembly passed yesterday, whereby the towns east of the river, which were received into union with said state, were entitled to all the privileges and immunities vested in any town in said state." The next day the minority of the legislature made a written protest against the manner in which these questions had been decided ; stating more fully their unco'istitutionality and injustice, and the consequences to which their action led, than they had done in the reasons for voting 126 IIISTOKY OF CIIAKLESTOWN. as they did on the day previous. They then closed their jirotesljWhich was followed by their names, in the following language : — " We do, therefore, publicly declare and make known, that we cannot, consLstent with our oaths and engagements to the state (so long as said votes stand and continue in force) exercise any office or place, either leg- islative, executive or judicial, in this state ; but look upon ourselves, as being thereby discharged from any and every former confederation and association with the state." After having presented their protest, the protesting members immedi- ately withdrew from the legislature, leaving in the Assembly a number barely sufficient to constitute a quorum, who, having finished the nec- essary business of the session, and provided, by the following resolutions, for ascertaining the sense of the people on the subject of the union, ad- journed on the 24th of October. "In General Assembly, Windsor, October 23d, 1778, Eesolved — That the members of the Assembly, lay before their constituents, the sit- uation of the union subsisting between this state and sixteen towns east of Connecticut river ; and be instructed how to proceed relative to said union at the next session of this assembly." Measures were also taken for supplying the places of those members who had withdrawn, from the Vermont towns, provided that, on the meeting of the Assembly, they should refuse to take their seats. The members from the Vermont towns, west of the Connecticut River, who, on the 22nd of October, signed the protest, were as follows : — J. Marsh, Lieutenant Governor ; Peter Olcott, of Norwich, Assistant ; Thom- as Moredock, Assistant. The above were members of the council. Others were Alexander Harvey, of Barnet ; Benjamin Spaulding, of Sharon ; Stephen Tilden, of Hartford ; Joseph Hatch, of Norwich ; Abel Curtis, of Norwich ; Ichabod Ormsbee, of Fairlee ; Benjamin Baldwin, of Brad- ford ; Frederick Smith, of Strafford ; Joseph Parkhurst, of Royalton and Elijah Alvord, of Wilmington. The names of E euben Foster, of Newbury, and Joshua Nutting, of Corinth, are also attached to the protest. Five other members, from the west side of the river, voted in the mi- nority, with the New-Hampshire towns, and recorded with them also, on the 21st of October, the reason of their votes, whose names are not found on the final protest. These were Abraham Jackson, of Walling- ford; Lieutenant Abner Lewis, of Clarendon ; Edward Aiken, of Lon- donderry ; Timothy Bartholomew, of Thetford, and Colonel Ebenezer Walbridge, of Bennington. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 127 The names of tlie members of the New-Hampshire towns who signed the protest were as follows ; — Thomas Baldwin, of Canaan ; Major Jas. Bailey, of Haverhill; Bela Turner, of Enfield; Bezaleel Woodard, of Dresden, Clerk of the House; David Woodard, of Hanover; Jonathan Freeman, of Hanover ; Joshua Wheatley, of Lebanon ; Nehemiah Es- tabrook, of Lebanon ; Colonel Elisha Payne, of Cardigan ; Colonel Is- rael Morey, of Orford ; John Young, of Gunthwaite ; Nathaniel Rogers, of LandaiF, and Abner Chandler, of Piermont. The proceedings of the Assembly created, in the minds of the mi- nority, the most intense excitement. They considered the New-Hamp- shire towns as not only deprived of their constitutional rights, but that the action of the majority of the legislature was, in other respects, ob- jectionable. It was not only wanting in justice, but was deficient in courtesy. It was wholly irreconcilable with the oaths they had taken, at least, as the minority viewed it ; and those who were aggrieved felt it would be wrong to submit to it without an indignant protest. This pro- test, as has been seen, was accordingly made ; nor did they feel inclin- ed to let the matter rest here. Not a few of them were men of most determined purpose, who were not to be tricked out of their rights without, at least, an endeavor to maintain them. The withdrawing members, therefore, met to see what they would do ; and, on earnest con- sultation, it was unanimously determined, that a convention should be called, to which all the towns in the vicinity of the Connecticut River should be invited to send delegates. Cornish, New-Hampshire, was the place agreed upon for holding it, and the time designated was the 9th day of December. Vermont was only represented by eight towns. But, the number of New-Hampshire towns sending delegates was twelve. Charlestown was represented by Captain Samuel Wether- be, who was elected at a legally called town meeting. The following is the report of the proceedings of this convention : "RESOLVES OF A Convention held on the New-Hampshiee Grants. At a Convention of Delegates from twenty-two towiis on the New-Hamp- shire Grants from both sides of Connecticut River, held at Cornish, Decem- ber 9Lh, 1778. Voted unanimously : 1. That the members of the Convention will unite together for the purpose of pursuing such legal and regular meas- ures, as may have a tendency to secure to these Grants the benefits of 128 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. good government, without any regard to the distinction made by the arbitrary line drawn on the western bank of Conneetieut river by the King in Council in 1764. 2. A pamphlet entitled " A public defense of the right of the New- Sampshire Grants, &e." compiled by a major part of the Committee ap- pointed by the Assembly of Vermont for that purpose, was repeatedly read, and unanimously approved. 3. Whereas, notwithstanding the request for this Convention, but few of those towns whose members continued to act with said Assembly after the protesting members had withdrawn, have sent members to this Convention ; and the conduct of the Assembly in passing the votes and resolves contained in their printed Journals, the protest, remarks, &c., have rendered it impracticable for said Assembly to carry into ex- ecution said resolves as therein proposed, which difficulty will continue so long as said votes stand in force ; and as the people in these towns by justijfying the conduct of the Assembly in violating the Constitu- tion, will, on their part, dissolve the solemn compact which they enter- ed into by the confederation, and the people consequently become dis- charged from their allegiance and obligations to the State, therefore, Voted : that the proposals contained in the before mentioned address, be made to New-Hampshire, viz. 1. To agree upon and settle a dividing line between New-Hamp- shire and the Grants, by committees from each party, or otherwise, as they may mutually agree. Or, 2. That the Parties mutually agree in the appointment of a Court of Commissioners of disinterested, judicious meu of the three other New-England States to hear and determine the dispute. Or, 3. That the whole dispute with New-Hampshire be submitted to the decision of Congress in such way and manner as Congress in their wisdom shall prescribe. Provided always : That the Grants be allowed equal privileges with the other party, in espousing and eonducting their cause. Or, 4. If the controversy cannot be settled on either of the forego- ing articles, and in case we can agree with New-Hampshire upon a plan of government, inclusive of extent of territory, that we unite with them, and become with them one entire State, rejecting the arbiti-ary line drawn on the western bank of Connecticut river, by the King of Great Britain, in 1764. 4. Voted, That the inhabitants of those towns on the Grants, in the State of Vermont, who have not sent a representative to this Convention HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 129 and whose members joined with the majority of said Assembly, in pass- ing the vote on account of which the protesting members withdrew, be requested to direct their respective members to rescind said votes, and join us in making said proposals to New-Hampshire. 5. That in case those towns, whose members continued to act with the Assembly of Vermont, still remain firm and stedfast in support- ing and continuing said votes of Assembly, and neglect to join in car- rying into execution said report of their committee, we will make overtures to join with New- Hampshire on the last article in said pro- posals. 6. That all the other towns in said Grants, be requested to join us in making proposals to New-Hampshire as before mentioned — and that those towns which agree to join therein, be requested to transmit cop- ies of their votes relative thereto, to Governor Marsh, Mr. Woodard, Colonel Morey, Major Cldld, Colonel Payne, Colonel Oleott, or Gener- al Bailey, who are hereby appointed a committee for receiving them, and carrying the foregoing votes and proposals into execution, so soon as the towns on the Grants can have reasonable opportunity to join us therein. 7. Voted, That said Committee be impowered to call a Convention from the towns on the Grants, whenever any thing shall appear, which shall, in their opinion, render one necessary. J. Marsh, Cliairman. Extracted from the votes of said Convention. B. WooDAED, Clerk' See Volume VIII, Documents and Records, relating to State of New-Hampshire. Edited by Nathaniel Bouton, D. D. pages 817-18. The people of Vermont, now began to see how they stood, and de- termined instead of continuing their union with the towns east of the Connecticut River, to take every measure to conciliate New- Hampshire which was in their power. They, therefore, determined on embracing the first opportunity that was presented for dissolving a connection which they felt never ought to have been formed, and the results of which had already caused them no little trouble. Accordingly on the second day of the following session, which was the 12th of Febru- ary, 1779, the subject of the Union was resumed, and the instructions of the freemen of the state to their representatives were examined ; on which it was found that there was a majority for receding from their connection with the sixteen towns. Whereupon, Mr. Ithamir Hib- 130 HISTORY OF CHARLESTCWN, bert of Wells, and Mr. Hubbell Wells of Halifax were appointed a committee to join a committee from the Council, to prepare a draught relative to the dissolution under consideration ; which committees, after suitable consultation, unanimously agreed on the following report. .^. " Whereas in consequence of a representation, made to the general Assembly of this state at their session at Windsor, in March, 1778, by a committee consisting of seven persons, inhabiting several towns, lying contiguous to the east side of the Connecticut River, that a number of inhabited towns, east of said river, were then unconnected with any state, in regard to their internal police ; and on said com- mittee's application to the general assembly that the said towns might be admitted into union with this state, orders were issued by the assembly to the representatives' constituents, for instructions in the premises. And whereas, in consequence of such instructions, the representatives of said Constituents, when met at their adjourned session at Benning- ton on the 11th day of June last, did receive into union with said state sixteen towns, east of said Connecticut river, and grant leave for other towns to unite if they should Choose, And whereas a dispute has arisen in respect to the right New-Hamp- shire has to exercise jurisdiction, over those sixteen towns, as claimed in a letter to his Excellency Thomas Chittenden, Esq., by Meshech Weare, Esq., President of the Honorable Council of the State of New- Hampshire, dated August 22nd, 1778, And whereas, the General Assembly of this state, did at their ses- sion, at Windsor, in October, last, agree on certain methods (contained in the report of the grand committee of both bouses) to settle and ad- just the dispute with New-Hampshire ; nevertheless the measures to be pursued to effect those methods were rendered impracticable by the members, east of said river, withdrawing themselves from the House in an unconstitutional manner, and forming a convention, in direct violation of the most solemn oaths and obligations, into which they had entered, declaring themselves discharged, from any and every former Confederation and association with this State : And whereas your committee have just grounds to apprehend, that the said sixteen towns are of right included within the jurisdiction of New-Hampshire, they are therefore of the opinion that the said un- ion ought to be considered as being null from the beginning. Jonas Fay, Cliairman of Committee." HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 131 This report being read and accepted the house " Eesolved — That the said Union be and is hereby dissolved, and made totally void, null and extinct; and that his Excellency the Goveriior be and is hereby directed to communicate the foregoing draught, and resolve thereon, to the President of the Council of the State of New-Hampshire." Ira Allen Esq., was appointed to transmit to New-Hampshire, the foregoing report and resolution, who presented them to the President and Council of that State, on the 20th, of the succeeding March. This, so far as the State of Vermont was concerned, it might have l)een supposed would forever have put an end to all proceedings con- nected with the acquisition of new territory from other States. But af- fairs, in consequence of what they had already done, had arrived at a juncture at which they found difficulties awaiting them of a most per- plexing character. The towns connected with them in the late union had not only become violently excited against them, but the State of New-Hampshire which had before been favorable to the admission of Vermont, to the union as a separate and independent State, had been induced to change her course, which had previously been friendly, to one of determined opposition. From representations which had been forwarded to Congress, that body too had begun to partake of the ex- citement, so that Vermont had need of no little wisdom in those who were appointed to direct her affairs, in order for them to decide, under the circumstances, on what would be the best course to pursue. Mr. Allen, on arriving at Exeter, found affairs in a very unsatisfac- tory state. He had already been preceded by the committee, ap- pointed by the Cornish Convention, consisting of General Jacob Bailey, and Davenport Phelps, who had presented the substance of the action of that convention in the following petition. " To the Honorable, the President in Council, and the Representa- tives of the State of New-Hampshire in General Assembly convened, the subscribers hereto, beg leave to represent, that a large number of charters of incorporation of certain tracts of land, were formerly is- sued from their excellencies Beuning ^yentworth and John Went- wortli Esq'rs., in the name of the King of Great Britain lying and being west of the Mason Grant, and east of a north line, drawn from the northwest corner of the now State of the Massachusetts Bay, to Lake Champlain and from thence to the latitude of forty five degrees ; That in the year 1764, the afoi-esaid King of Great Britain, in viola- tion of his contract with the Grantees, and in an arbitrary manner, 132 HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. passed a decree that there should be a division of the aforesaid grants, between the then Province of New York and New Hampshire, to which decree the inhabitants of said Grants were then and have ever since been averse ; as they were thereby deprived of privileges, which they of right claimed, and in their settlement reasonably expected within the jurisdiction of New Hampshire ; that the inhabitants afore- said, since the declaration of independence, view themselves at liberty to connect in one body politic, or unite with any other State; that they are now in general, desirous of a union with the State of New Hamp- shire'; That the representatives of the people in assembly on the 20th of October last, voted, that a defence of the rights of the people, be stated by a committee appointed for that purpose, and that answers to some letters &c., be drafted by, said committee. Also that offers be made to the State of New Hampshire, either to settle a boundary line between said New Hampshire and the Grants by a committee mutually chosen; or in such way as congress may point out ; or to make an offer of the whole of said Grants to New Hampshire. That on the 9th day of December, last, by a convention of committees delegated by the inhabitants of said Grants, it was voted, that propo- sals of an union with said New Hampshire, be made to the assembly of said State. In consequence whereof, we the subscribers, being duly authorized for that purpose, do now propose to this Honorable Court, that the whole of said grants be connected and confederated with said State of New Hampshire ; receiving and enjoying equal privileges and immu- nities with the good people of said State. Dated at Newbury this 17th day of March 1779. Jacob Bailey, Davenpoet Phelps." The following are the proceedings of the legislature of New-Hamp- shire on the foregoing petition. State op New-Hampshire. "In the House of Representatives, April 2d, 1779. The committee on the petition of General Bailey and Mr. Phelps re- lating to the New-Hampshire grants so called, reported that this State should lay claim to the jurisdiction of the whole of the New- Hampshire grants so called, lying to the westward of Connecticut river, setting forth the right this State has to the same ; allowing and HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 133 conceding nevertheless, that if the honorable continental Congress shall allow the said grants to the westward of Connecticut river to be a separate state, as now claimed by some of the inhabitants thereof by the name of Vermont, that in such case the state of New-Hamp- shire will acquiesce therein — And that this state shall exercise juris- diction as far west as the western bank of the Connecticut river, and no farther until the dispute is settled by Congress. By order of the major part of the Committee. [Signed.] Josiah Baetlett, Ck. Which report being read and considered, it was Voted, That it lie for further consideration until the next session of the General Assem- bly of this State. Sent up for concurrence John Langdon, Speaker. In Council the same day read and concurred. E. Thomson, Sec'ry. State of New-Hampshire. In the House of Representatives, June 24, 1779. The House by vote took under consideration the report of the Com- mittee of the second day of April last, which was at that session vo- ted to lie for consideration until this session, relative to the New-Hamp- shire grants, &c. And the question being put whether the report of the said Committee be received and accepted or not ? It passed in the affirmative. Sent up for concurrence. John Langdon, Speaker. In Council, the 25th of June, 1779, read and concurred. E. Thomson, Sec'ry." Vermont was now in a situation of extreme embarrassment. New- Hampshire had put in a claim to jurisdiction over her entire territory, and not without great plausibility in her arguments to sustain it. The State of New-York was also pressing a similar claim. And, in addition to this, what added not a little to her embarrassment was that Massachu- setts also laid claim to that portion of her territory of which she had been deprived by the decision of the King of Great Britain, in respect to the divisional line between that State and New-Hampshire in 1740. This decision had given to New-Hampshire a strip of territory forty miles in width, from the Merrimac River, westward through what is 134 HISTORY OF OHARLESTOWX. now the whole extent of New-Hampshire and Vermont, — this width being fourteen miles greater than New-Hampshire had ever claimed. But what affected her more sensibly than these claims was, Congress, instead of becoming more favorable to her independence, seemed, in this diffcult complication of circumstances to have wholly turned against her. On every side, even by many towns within her own limits, her right to self government was ignored. Congress looked upon her posi- tion, as one that not only portended no good to the best welfare of the nation, but even deemed it most prejudicial to that welfare in the great struggle which was going on. The controversy therefore did not seem to be beneath the attention of the general government, but rath- er appeared to demand some action on its part. It was a matter of the utmost moment that between the states there should be no jarring interests, and that every difficulty, which would have a tendency to lead to internal conflicts, should be harmoniously adjusted. Regard- ing the subject, therefore, in this light, and feeling earnestly solicitous to secure such a settlement of existing disputes, as would preserve or bring about the most kind and friendly feelings among the contestants, and thinking that that object could best be accomplished by themselves. Congress took the subject into consideration. CHAPTER IX. Proceedings of Congress adverse to the interests of Vermont — Governor Chittenden and Council take the offensive— Congress fails to make its decision and postpones the subject indefinitely — New COMPLICATIONS — Movements for a new State— Conventions AT Walpole and Charlestown — Convention from Charlestown ADJOURNED TO CORNISH— MATTERS TILL THE NEW UNION OF TOWNS EAST OF THE Connecticut River with Vermont. ONGEESS, on taking up the controversy, sent a committee to the Grants for the purpose of enquiring into their condition, and ascertaining the state of the controversy. This commit- tee returned and made their report, but, as this fact and nothing more is recorded in the Journal of Congress, we are left in total ignorance of what their investigations were, if any were made. But, as that body, on the 24th of September, 1779, took up the consideration of the subject again, we may infer that they were such as to lead them to anticipate, under their arbitration, a favorable result. Having stated, as a ground of their action in respect to the subject, " That animosities had proceeded so far, and risen so high, as to endan- ger the internal peace of the United States, and it had, therefore, be- come indispensably necessary for Congress to interfere for the restoration of quiet and good order," that body proceeds with the following pre- amble and resolutions. " Whereas, one of the great objects of the union of the United States of America, is the mutual protection and security of their respective rights ; and whereas, it is of the last importance to the said union that all causes of jealousy and discontent between the said states should be removed ; and, therefore, that their several boundaries and jurisdictions be ascertained and settled ; and whereas, disputes at present subsist be- tween the states of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, and New- York, on the one part, and the people of a district of Country called the New- Hampshire Grants, on the other ; which people deny the jurisdiction of 136 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. each of the said states over the said district, and each of the said states claim the said district against each other, as well as against the said peo - pie as appertaining in the whole or in part to them respectively : Resolved Unanimously, that it be, and hereby is most earnestly recom- mended to the states of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, and New- York, forthwith, to pass laws, expressly authorizing Congress to hear and determine all differences between them, relative to their respective boun- daries, in the mode prescribed by the articles of confederation, so that Congress may proceed thereon by the first day of February next, at the farthest." The resolutions then proceed, by several specifications, to recommend to these states, also, to pass laws, by which all existing difficulties, wheth- er relating to jurisdictions, titles to lands, &c., or any other matter in controversy, should be referred to their arbitration ; or, in other words, they were recommended to submit to Congress, unreservedly, every sub- ject of dispute. That body, moreover, in case the entire subject of the controversy was submitted to them, " Pledged their faith to carry into execution and sup- port their decision and determinations, in the premises, in favor of whichsoever of the parties, the same might be ; to the end that perma- nent concord and harmony might be established between them and all cause of uneasiness removed." In another resolution, they designate the first of February following as the time in which they would consider the subjects proposed, and de- cide and determine the same according to equity — allowing the states particularly interested no vote in the decision. Thus far the resolves of Congress had contained recommendations to the States of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay and New- York, without particular reference to the inhabitants of the disputed district. , Indeed those inhabitants had not been alluded to, as having any legal rights whatever in the matter. Not even a supposition was made that the ter- ritory in dispute might, by any possibility, be rightfully under the juris- diction of any other than one of those three states. The right to an in- dependent and self-jurisdiction had not in any of their proceedings been entertained, but having passed all the resolutions that were essential, provided their advice was followed, to prepare the way for an ultimate decision, it appears to have occurred to them, that a small -modicum of counsel might not be unwholesome for those who had the deepest inter- est in the matter. They therefore, without recognizing them as a party who were to receive any benefit from all they proposed to do ; feeling it HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 137 to be as they say " for the interest of the whole confederacy that all in- testine divisions be carefully avoided, and domestic peace and good order maintained," volunteer the following resolutions for the especial regula- tion of the freemen of Vermont : Resolved Unanimously — That it is the duty of the people of the dis- trict aforesaid, who deny the jurisdiction of all the aforenamed states, to abstain in the meantime from exercising any power over any of the in- habitants of the said district, who profess themselves to be citizens of, or to owe allegience to any or other of the said states ; but that none of the towns, either on the east or west side of Connecticut river, be consider- ed as included withLu the said district, but such as have heretofore act- ually joined in denying the jurisdiction of either of the said states, and have assumed a separate jurisdiction which they call the State of Ver- mont. And, further, that in the opinion of Congress, the said three states aforenamed ought, in the meantime, to suspend executing their laws over any of the inhabitants of the said district, except such of them as shall profess allegiance to, and confess the jurisdiction of the same respectively. And further, that Congress will consider any violences committed against the tenor, true intent and meaning of this resolution, as a breach of the peace of this confederacy, which they are determined to keep and maiatain. And to the end all such violences and breaches of the public peace may be the better avoided in said district, it is here- by recommended to all the inhabitants thereof to cultivate harmony and concord among themselves ; to forbear vexing each other at law or other- wise, and to give as little occasion as possible to the interposition of magistrates. Resolved Unanimously — That in the opinion of Congress no unappro- priated lands or estates which are, or may be, adjudged forfeited or con- fiscated, lying in the said district, ought, untU the final decision of Con- gress in the premises, to be granted or sold." Copies of the resolutions of Congress, were forwarded by express to the States of New- York, New-Hampshire and Massachusetts, and also to the people of the district in dispute, who were respectively exhorted to lose no time in appointing an agent or agents and in otherwise prepar- ing for the proposed hearing. Vermont was now literally maintaining a struggle for her existence, and, happily for her, she had men at the helm of her government that no difiiculties could discourage, and no dangers intimidate ; who were equal to any emergency, and who had taken steps forward in her inde- pendence which were not to be retraced — who perfectly understood the 138 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWjST. grounds on which that independence rested, and who were unwilling to admit for a moment any principle that might compromise it. They, therefore, while they appointed agents to be present at the hearing in Congress, boldly denied the right of that body to pass the resolutions which they had passed ; and, on the 10th of December, 1779, Governor Chittenden and Council, assuming the offensive, published an appeal against the action of Congress, to " The Candid and Impartial World ;" in which they exhibited a manliness in their conduct, and an indepen- dence in their reasoning worthy of all admiration. In this they say " That they could not view themselves as holden, either in the sight of God or man, to submit to the execution of a plan, which they had reason, to believe was commenced by neighboring states ; that the liberties and privileges of the State of Vermont, by said resolutions, were to be sus- pended upon the arbitrament and final determination of Congress, when, in their opinion, they were too sacred ever to be arbitrated upon at all, and what they were bound to defend at every risk ; that the Congress of the United States had no right to intermeddle with the internal police and government of Vermont; that the state existed independent of any of the Thirteen United States, and was not accountable to them, or to their representatives for liberty, the gift of a beneficent Creator ; that the peo- ple of Vermont were not represented in Congress, and could not submit to resolutions passed without their consent, or even knowledge, and which put everything that was valuable to them at stake ; that there ap- peared a manifest inequality, not to say predetermination, that Congress should request of their constituents power to judge and determine the cause, and never ask the consent of thousands whose all was at stake. It also declared that they were, and ever had been, ready to bear their proportion of the burden and expense of the war with Great Britain, from its first commencement, whenever they were admitted into the un- ion with the other states ; but that they were not so lost to all sense and honor, that after four years war with Britain, in which they had expend- ed so much blood and treasure, that they should now give up every thing worth fighting for (the right of making their own laws and choos- ing their own form of government) to the arbitrament and determination of any man or body of men under heaven." The first of February came, the time appointed by Congress for the proposed hearing and arbitration ; but contrary to the expectation of all parties the subject was not moved. It was however taken up on the 21st of March, but as nine States, exclusive of the parties in ques- tion, were not represented in Congress, it was deemed advisable that HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 139 the hearing should be postponed. On the 2d of June, however, the consideration of the subject was again resumed ; and, after a preamble showing that Vermont had still continued to act as an independent government, notwithstanding the injunctions in the resolutions of Con- gress, another resolution, recapitulating in still stronger terms, their previous one, was passed, severely censuring the course that the State had pursued, and requiring her to abstain from all acts of author- ity, whether civil or military, until the decisions and determinations of that body should be made known. The subject was again called up on the 9th of June, and the further consideration of it postponed to 2d Tuesday of the September following. In the meantime the resolu- tions and proceedings of Congress, having been communicated to Gov- ernor Chittenden, were laid before his council, and a reply agreed upon to the President of Congress. In this the right of that body to pursue the course they had was denied; and not only this, the injus- tice of their proceedings and proposals was very effectively presented. They were declared to be subversive of their natural rights to liberty and independence, as well as incompatible with the principles on which Congress grounded their own right to independence, and had a natural and direct tendency to endanger the liberties of the American people. Governor Chittenden declared, moreover, " That as they were not included in the thirteen United States, if necessitated to it, they were at liberty to offer and accept terms of cessation of hostilities with Great Britain, without the approbation of any other man, or body of men ;" and they further declared " That if Congress and the neighbor- ing States persisted in the course they were pursuing, they would have no motives to continue hostilities with Great Britain, and maintain an important frontier for the benefit of a country that treated them as slaves. Yet notwithstanding the injustice done them they were in- duced, by their attachment to the cause of liberty, once more to offer union with the United States, of which Congress was the legal repre- sentative body." All parties now anxiously awaited the decision of Congress on the 2d Tuesday of September ; and although Vermont denied its authority to determine _the matter, she judged it prudent to employ Ira Allen and Stephen E. Bradley, as her agents, to attend the deliberations upon the subject. Accordingly when the subject of the controversy was taken up on the 19th of September, they were present ; but were only allowed to be so, in a private capacity, and not as the agents of one of the parties. This situation they endured at first, that they might ob- 140 HISTORY OF OHARLESTOWN. tain thereby a better knowledge of the designs of Congress, and of the intents of their opponents. But, convinced at length, by their observa- tion of the manner in which the whole affair was conducted, that Con- gress was attempting to decide the dispute, as between New-Hampshire and New- York, irrespective of any interest that Vermont might have, as a party in the matter, they indignantly, on the 22d of September, withdrew their attendance, and transmitted to Congress, a remonstrance in which they declare that " They can no longer sit as idle spectators ■without betraying the trust reposed in them, and doing violence to their own feelings; that by the mode of trial adopted, the State of Ver- mont could have no hearing without denying her own existence ; and it did not become them to take on themselves such humility and self- abasement as to lose their own political life in order to find it. They then express the willingness of Vermont to do her duty like any of the States already in the union, and to submit to the mediation of disinter- ested States, if that may be deemed a desirable mode of settling the question. They profess their willingness, also, that Congress, being possessed of sovereignty, should interpose, if necessary to prevent the effusion of blood ; but they reprobated every idea that Congress could sit as a court of judicature, for the determination of their dispute, by virtue of authority given them by the act, or acts, of the state, or states, that make but one party. On the 27 th of September, Congress again resumed the subject of the controversy ; but having heard the evidence on the part of New-Hamp- shire, it was resolved, " That all further consideration of the matter be postponed." And this was doubtless the wisest course of policy, which that body, conditioned as they were, could have pursued. The war with Great Britain was still going on, and how it would be ultimately decided was not absolutely certain. The government, how- ever, was not so convinced of a favorable result that they could afford to take any course that would be liable to render any State hostile to itself, or create, in any section, any feeling of indifference as to the termi- nation of the struggle. It is not improbable that Congress supposed that its indefinite post- ponement of the decision of the controversy would have a tendency to allay, at least in a measure, the excited feelings of the inhabitants of Vermont, as well as those of the citizens of New- York and New-Hamp- shire. But the matter had been carried too far to be permitted to die out so easil)'. From the time of the dissolution of the union between Vermont and the sixteen towns to the east of the Connecticut, notwith- HISTORY OF CHAULESTOWN. 141 standing the exciting circumstances under which that union was dis- solved, a large number of the inhabitants of the western part of New- Hampsliire, had continued to be solicitous for annexation to that State. Others had a project in their minds for a new State, formed out of the eastern part of Vermont and the western part of New-Hampshire. Others still were desirous that New-Hampshire should exercise juris- diction over the whole of the grants. While thus there was no well- considered plan on which all the inhabitants had settled down, there still seemed to be a general desire for change. The inhabitants of the south-eastern part of Vermont were the first to move. They had been favorable to the New- York j urisdiction, and had been hopefully looking forward to the time when Congress should make a decision that would relieve them from the necessity of submitting to Vermont authority. But, whatever expectations had been excited by the resolutions and promises of Congress, they felt no longer any confi- dence in that body, after its indefinite postponement of the determina- tion of the controversy, to afford them aid. " They resolved, there- fore, if they could not be permitted to live under the jurisdiction of New-York, to make a bold attempt to better their condition, by form- ing a new State organization, with wliich they proposed to unite. To this end they called a convention of the New York committees of the several towns in that section of Vermont, the 31st day of October being appointed for the meeting. At this meeting a committee consisting of Luke Knowlton, Hilkiah Grout, Oliver Lovell, John Sargeant, Micah Townsend, Jonathan Hunt, Simon Stevens, Charles Phelps, Benjamin Henry, James Clay, Charles Cutler, Barzilla Rice and Elkanah Day were appointed to take into consideration, the feasibility of a new gov- ernment ; and to meet and consult with committees, or conventions of the inhabitants on both sides of the Connecticut river. The object proposed by this convention, was " To unite in one political body all the inhabitants from Masou's grant, on the east side of Connecticut River, to the heights of land on the west side." Mr. Knowlton, who had just returned from Philadelphia, where he had been to represent the Vermont friends of New York at the hearing before Congress, was chairman. He had returned full of determination to do something to relieve the New- York adherents from the difficulties of their situa- tion. For the accomplishment of this object, some of the other mem- bers of the committee were also equally solicitous. Their first work was to get the subject of their movement before the people ; and this they found not very difficult ; for, everywhere, in the towns on both sides 142 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. of the Connecticut River, there was a large number of the inhabitants, who were favorable to some change. Definitely what that change should be of course could only be known by conventions of the peo- ple and comparison of views. As an initiatory movement, on the 8th of November, delegations from three counties met, by previous agreement, at Charlestown. Such was the encouragement which their project re- ceived at this meeting that another convention was agreed upon, to be held at Walpole, on the 15th of the same month ; of the proceedings of which the following is a report. Peoceedings of the Convention at Walpole November 15 AND 16, 1780. At a Convention of Delegates from the several towns in the County of Cheshire, in the State of New-Hampshire, held at AV^alpole, in said County,- on the 15th day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty, VOTED— That Dr. Page, Colonel Hunt, Captain Holmes, Daniel Jones, Esq., and Colonel Bellows, be a Committee to confer with gen- tlemen from any parts of the territory called the New-Hampshire Grants, concerning the jurisdiction of said Grants; and to consider what is proper to be done by the inhabitants thereof, relative to their jurisdiction ; that the same may be ascertained and established. Which Committee after due inquiry and consideration, report as follows, viz. The Committee appointed by the Convention held at Walpole, No- vember loth, 1780, do report, that we have conferred with the several gentlemen present, who were Committees from the different parts of the territory called the New-Hampshire Grants, viz. Cumherland, Gloucester, and Grafton* Counties, and do find, that matters lately agitated, with respect to the jurisdiction of the New- Hampshire Grants render a union of that territory indispensably necessary. The said inhabitants received the grants of their lands from the same jurisdic- tion, and settled them while a union was extant: which was an implicit engagement of authority that it should be continued. But we were, unjustly deprived of the advantages resulting from it, in the year 1764, by an arbitrary decree from Great Britain, to which we never acceded ; which decree, however, cannot be esteemed efficacious, since the .declaration of independence ; it being one of those iniquitous meas- ures, by which they were attempting to oppress the Colonies, and for which we have since thrown off subjection. This being the case, the * New York names for the Counties. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 143 union re-exists. And shall we throw it off ? God forbid. The situa- tion of the territory aforesaid, by reason of their being a frontier, as well as many other matters, which are obvious, respecting commerce and transactions of a public nature, make it expedient that they be united in all their interests, in order to make their efforts, in that quar- ter, against the common enemy, more vigorous and efficacious. In respect to government, great disadvantages may arise by a division. In that case, delinquents may easily evade the operation of justice, by passing from one State to another, and thereby be induced more read- ily to practice iniquity in that part where the body of the inhabitants and the pi-incipal traffic centre. And we imagine that a union of pub- lic interests is the only means by which the contentions and animosi- ties now subsisting among the inhabitants of the territory aforesaid can be brought to a happy issue; for, so long as the cause of justice is indifferent Channels, where people are so nearly allied, disturbances will arise. From authentic information, we cannot but apprehend that the State of New-Hampshire is greatly remiss, if not grossly neg- ligent, (to call it by no harsher name), in trusting affairs of such great importance as the settlement of their western boundary to a commit- tee some of whom we conceive would risk the loss of half the State, rather than New-Hampshire should extend their claim West of the Connecticut river. And from the best authority that can be obtained it appears that the agent of the State aforesaid, is endeavoring to con- firm a division of the Grants, contrary to their true interests which has given the people on the Grants just occasion to rouse and exert themselves in support of a union of the whole. We, therefore, ear- nestly recommend, as the only means to obtain a union, preserve peace, harmony, and brotherly love, and the interest of the community in general, that a Convention be called from every town within the said grants, to be held at Charlestown, on the 3d Tuesday of January next, at one of the clock, in the afternoon ; and that one or more members be appointed from each town, with proper instructions, to unite in such measures as the majority shall judge most couducive to consolidate a union of the Grants, and effect a final settlement of the line of ju- risdiction. B. Bellows, S. Hunt, D. Jones, y Committee. L. Holmes, W. Page. In Convention at Walpole, November 16th, 1780. 144 HISTORY OP OHARLESTOWN. The above report, being repeatedly read — Voted, That it be accepted and a sufficient number of copies be printed aud transmitted to the several towns in the New-Hampshire Grants on both sides of Connecti- cut River, for their notice, to appoint one or more members to attend the said General Convention, which shall be deemed a sufficient notifi- cation. By order of the Convention, Benjamin Bellows, Chairman. A true COPY, Attest. Daniel Newcomb, Cleric. Two of the members of the foregoing Committee, Colonel Samuel Hunt, and Dr. William Page, were the delegates seat to the Conven- tion from Charlestown. Benjamin Bellows was the distinguished Col- onel, afterwards General Bellows of Walpole. Daniel Jones, Esq. was a citizen of Hinsdale, aud was the first Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas appointed after the organization of Cheshire County, in 1771. The residence of Captain Holmes has not been ascertained. The Clerk, Daniel Newcomb, was of Keene ; and was, subsequently. Judge Newcomb of the Superior Court. The Committee, then, were persons to exert an extensive influence ; and it is not therefore a mat- ter that needs to excite surprise, that when the Convention met at Charlestown, there was a very full attendance of delegates. When it became known that there was to be a Convention at Charlestown, each of the difierent parties exerted themselves to the utmost to convince the people of the importance of adopting their fa- vorite scheme, New-Hampshire, elated with expectation, on account of the report of the Convention at Walpole, was busy, through her agents, to gain every possible advantage to herself. The New- York adherents, who were in favor of a new State, that should comprehend the towns from the Masonian line to the ridge of the Green Mountains, were also busy in propagating their views. Vermont had also those in the field who to an indomitable energy added a vigilance that was not to be easily foiled. Thus all the parties were fully aroused ; and each was on the alert for the accomplishment of its favorite purpose. No instrumentality by any of them was omitted which, it might be supposed, would be adopted to exert an influence in their favor. The agents of New-Hamp- shire were noisy and violent ; and, as they expected to have things all their own way, somewhat boastful of what they intended to do. Those HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 145 of Vermont, on the contrary, were men of indomitable energy, and thoroughly trained in strategy • who well knew how to make the best of every situation ; who were accustomed to keep their own counsel, and who seldom disclosed their intentions till the time came for action ; when, if they were not successful, they would try again. From the beginning, the project for a new state had little chance for success ; yet its adher- ents did not seem to know it, and were, therefore, not less active. It was thus, after a very exciting and energetic political contest, that the par- ties, by their delegates, assembled at Charlestowu on the day appointed for the convention. Charlestown was represented at the convention by Colonel Samuel Hunt, Doctor William Page and Captain Samuel Wetherbe. Dele- gates to the convention were present from forty-three towns, situated- on both sides of the Connecticut River. CHARLESTOWN CONVENTION. Journal of the Convention of Delegates from forty-three Towns of the New-Hampshire Grants, Jan. 16, 1781. "At a Convention of Members from forty-three Towns on the New- Hampshire Grants, begun and held at Charlestowu, Jan. 16, 1781. The Honorable Samuel Chase, Esq. was chosen Chairman, and Beza- leel Woodard, Esq., Clerk. Resolved, that General Bellows, Daniel Jones, Esq., Colonel Hunt, Mr. Woodard, Colonel Bedel, Colonel Paine, Colonel Olcott, Captain Curtiss, Mr. White, Colonel Wells, Mr. Knowltou and Mr. Townsend be a Committee to prepare matters necessary to be transacted by this Convention ; and that they report the same with all convenient speed. January 18th, 10 o'clock, A. M." The Committee above named, made report, which, being read, is in the words following, viz. — Whereas, the Governor of New-Hampshire, before and after the close of the last war, did exercise jurisdiction over and grant the greatest part of the Lands within the territory commonly called the New- Hamp shire Orants, on both sides of Connecticut River, to sundry companies of persons, principally inhabitants of New-England ; who offered to undertake, and carry into effect, settlements thereon, sub- ject to the jurisdiction of the Crown of Great Britain, in connection with the Colony of New-Hampshire. And, Whereas, the said undertakers did undergo infinite hardships, trials and /atigues, in forming settlements in the several townships, on both sides of the river, agreeable to their engagement ; induced by the 146 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. happiness in prospect for tliemselves and posterity, resulting, in great measure, from an happy union of their settlements on the two sides of the river, under the same jurisdiction ; the benefits of which had long been experienced in adjacent governments, and which were plighted to them by the circumstances and conditions under which they received and held their grants. And, Whereas, the King of Great Britain did, in the year 1764, pass an arbitrary decree, that the said territory should be divided at Connec- ticut River : subjecting one part to the jurisdiction of his Governor of New-York and continuing the other part under the jurisdiction of his Grovernor of New-Hampshire, whereby the said territory was divided without the consent or knowledge of the owners and proprietors, in vio- lation of the royal engagements, and contrary to the true interests of the inhabitants ; against which measure those most immediately affected, so soon as the matter came to their knowledge, did, in the most humble, earnest and affecting manner remonstrate, and petition ; sent agents to Great Britain, to state before the King their grievances, and humbly interceded for redress ; and at the same time took every prudent measure to obtain the interest of adjacent Colonies in their favor, especially that of New-Hampshire from connection with which they had been separated. And, Whereas, the said connection rendered the government of New- Hampshire more extensive than the object of their first incorporation, viz. — the Mason Patent ; which extension has ever been a source of un- easiness and discontent to several persons of influence and importance in that government, and the Assembly of New-Hampshire therefore re- fused to use their influence in favor of a reunion of the Grants, after the division of them by the decree of 1764, when applied to for that purpose, in behalf of the owners, proprietors and inhabitants of the said territory. And, Whereas, the obligations of the inhabitants of the said territo- ry, as well as of all others in the United States, to allegiance and sub- ordination to the Crown of Great Britain have ceased, on account of the series of unconstitutional and oppressive measures of that author- ity, towards the American plantations ; and independence has there- fore been declared by the inhabitants of the said Grants, with the Uni- ted States, whereby all these connections have ceased, which resulted from, and were dependent on a subordination to Great Britain. And as the said territory was never annexed by Charter to any one or more of the American Colonies, nor otherwise connected than by an order of the King to his Governors, to exercise authority there in behalf of the HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 147 Crown, and by a grant of the feoffees to cliiiin a right to be continued in union with one another in matters of Government; The jurisdic- tion was, of consequence, by the declaration of independence, transfer- red to the inhabitants ; which they had good right to undertake and exercise, whenever they should see fit — Yet the said inhabitants, influ- enced by attachments to the different governments with which they had been connected (resulting from a habituated submission to despotic power) and not immediately attending to the singular circumstances, under which independence from the power of Great Britain left them, did many of them passively submit to, and act with those governments to which the King of Great Britain had last annexed them ; While on the other hand, a considerable part of the inhabitants of the said ter- ritory, influenced by uneasiness with the measures of those governments and being early led to enquire into our peculiar situation (to which others were inattentive) did observe and publish to the world, their views in respect to our independence; and in conformity thereto broke off connection with the States of New- York and New-Hampshire, and of those on the west side of the river, who had withdrawn connec- tion irom the State of New- York, only viewing the operation of in- dependence from Great Britain, in respect to themselves, and not at- tending that the whole of the Grants were thereby placed in similar situation, did associate together, and set up a new and independent government. And Whereas, as the States of New-Yoi'k and New-Hampshire, influ- enced by the refusal of a respectable number of inhabitants of those parts of the Grants, which they severally claimed, to submit to their respective jurisdictions, complained to the Congress of the United States, of measures taken by the said inhabitants in respect to their independ- ency ; and also, made known to Congress, that they had claims to the said territory : And as Congress, on the 24th of September, 1779, did resolve and publish, that they would take upon themselves a final set- tlement of the disputes respecting the said Grants, provided the States concerned should agree thereto ; (and, among other things, recommend- ed that no State should exercise jurisdiction over any of the inhabi- tants of the said district, except such as should profess allegiance to, and confess the jurisdiction of the same) which was complied with by the States. And as sundry periods have elapsed, which Congress had appointed for a decision of the said matter in controversy, without any thing material being transacted on the subject, and as, notwith- standing the claim of New-Hampshire to the whole of the Grants, the 148 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. evident object of both States, by their agent at Congress, has of late been to establish a division at the river, contrary to the true interest of the inhabitants ; as they would thereby be deprived of those advant- ages, in respect to commerce, and transactions of a public nature, which would naturally result from that union of the two sides of the river, which they had warrant to expect, and have right to demand, from the nature, tenor and circumstances of the Grants which they hold. And Whereas, a considerable part of the inhabitants on the said territory, having disavowed connection with any State already formed, have subsisted for some time without any regular form of government, and have been destitute of civil regulations, for want of which they are reduced to lamentable circumstances ; and as they are th-ereby prevented, in a great degree, from performing that part in the present contest with Great Britain, which might otherwise reasonably be ex- pected, and which might be of essential service in the grand dispute ; And as the contiguity of the said Grants to the Province of Canada, renders the inhabitants a frontier to the New-England States ; and as the parliament of Great Britain have done what in them lies, towards annexing the greater part of the said territory to the Province of Can- ada, by the act commonly called the Quebec Bill : for the purpose of obtaining an establishment whereof, it is to be expected they will fur- ther emploj' their force, in attempting the reduction of the inhabitants, or destruction of them and their property. And as the British forces, in conjunction with their savage allies, have of late begun a new scene of devastation among us, by burning some of our towns, and carrying the peaceable inhabitants into captivity ; and it is to be expected that great part of the said territory will be treated in the same manner, un- less vigorous measures are taken to prevent them ; And as there is no military force employed by the continent, or any of the States for our defense : which renders an union without delay absolutely necessary, or great numbers will immediately abandon their habitations, which will give such advantage to the cause of Britain, and so open and extend this frontier, that a much greater force will then be necessary for its defense. And as nothing considerable can be done by the inhabitants of the said territory, tending to their own defense, until they are firm- ly united for that purpose, and in measures of government. This Convention Therefore, taking the aforesaid matters into their most serious consideration, and being duly authorized by their consti- tuents, the inhabitants of the said territory, do hereby publish and HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 149 declare, that notwithstanding all the unjust measures which have been, or may be, taken to divide us, the right of union still remains to the inhabitants of the said territory, which we are determined to main- tain and support: and bind ourselves by the ties of virtue and honor as we are already bound by the ties of interest, to unite in all such lawful measures as the majority of the representative body of the inhabitants of said territory, duly convened or such as they may appoint under them, shall agree upon, to maintain and support a union of the inhab- itants on the whole of the said Grants ; holding ourselves in duty bound to abide (lie decisions oj Congress on the subject, when the matter shall be properly stated before them, and their resolutions thereon be ob- tained. As the primary object of this Convention is, that an union of the whole of the Grants be formed and Consolidated upon principles that the majority think proper ; and as a considerable part of the said Grants are represented in the State of Vermont, Resolved — That a Committee be chosen to confer with the said As- sembly, at their next session, on the subject of said union ; and invite them to join in measures which may be most conducive to obtain the object proposed. Resolved, — ^That the proceedings of this Convention be laid before the several towns on the Grants, for their approbation ; recommend- ing that those towns which concur in the measures, and have no repre- sentatives or delegates in this Convention, appoint members for that purpose"; and that each and every town impower their members to join with the representatives of other towns on the Grants, who shall agree to unite together, in all such measures as shall be necessary for our internal regulations and defense. Which declarations and resolutions having been repeatedly read, and maturely considered, the question was put whether this Conven- tion do agree with their Committee in their said report? which was carried in the affirmative. Whereupon Resolved — That Dr. William Page, Daniel Jones Esq., and Mr. Elijah Frink of the County of Cheshire; Luke Knowlton, Micah Townsend, and John Bridgman Esqrs. of the Count)' of Cum- berland ; Colonel Peter Olcott, Noah White, Esq., and Captain John Strong, of the County of Gloucester ; and Colonel Paine, Bezaleel Woodard, Esq, and Mr. Davenport Phelps of the County of Grafton, be a Committee to confer with the Assembly of Vermont ageeable to the foregoing resolutions. 150 HISTORY OF CHARLKSTOWN. Resolved — That the proceedings of this Convention be printed and one copy thereof transmitted to each town on the Grants ; and that Major Day, Mr. Townsend, and Mr. Lovell be a Committee for that purpose. Resolved— Tha,t this convention do adjourn to meet at the meeting House in Cornish on the first Wednesday in February next, at one of the clock in the afternoon. [Protest of a Minority of the Delegates.] "In Convention at Charlestown, January 18, 1781. We the subscribers, delegates from the several towns to which our names are affixed, wishing for and endeavoring to form a Union of the New-Hampshire Grants on both sides of Connecticut River, and con- tented that they be annexed to New-Hampshire, or be a separate state, as Congress may judge proper; but thinking ourselves not authorized by our Constituents to unite with the said Grants, in the method re- solved by the said Convention ; and being of opinion that their pro- ceedings have a tendency to weaken the reins of government — to re- tard the exertions of those who are engaged to oppose the public en- emy — to introduce irregularity and disorder in the County of Cheshire, and not conducive to the end proposed ; think it our duty to protest against the proceedings of said Convention." Tir- i i f Samuel Ashley, Winchester | ^^^^^^ Alexander, Walpole, Benjamin Bellows, Charlestown, Samuel Hunt! Richmond, Oliver Capron. „ f Timothy Ellis, Keene, | Daniel Newcomb. Alstead, Nathaniel S. Prentice. _,, J f Oliver Ashley, Claremont, | Matthias Stone. Newport, Benjamin Giles. Extract from Minutes. Beza Woodward, Clerk. The secret history of the above report in favor of union with Ver- mont is thus given by Colonel Ira Allen. " The Governor and Council appointed Colonel Ira Allen to repair to Charlestown to meet that Convention and to take such measures as his prudence should dictate and which might be conducive to the in- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 151 terest of the state. Mr. Allen took credentials from Sunderland as a member to meet the Convention from that town agreeable to invitation ; before he arrived, the Convention had been in session two days and had appointed a committee to state the business of their meeting. For- ty-three towns were represented in the Convention : twelve of those representatives were members of the Council and Assembly of New- Hampshire. Mr. Allen did not take a seat as a member of the Con- vention nor produce his credentials. At length the Committee report- ed to unite all the New-Hampshire Grants to New-Hampshire, which was adopted by a great majority and went, in fact, to annihilate the state of Vermont. Mr. Allen informed some confidential persons that the Governor, Council, and some other leading characters on the west side of the Green Mountains were for extending their claim of juris- diction to the Mason line; and that, if the Convention would take proper measures, the Legislature of Vermont would extend their claim at their adjourned term in February 1781 ; and that he was autlwrized to give such assurance. A motion was made and carried to consider the report and recommit it to the Committee to be corrected and fitted for the press as it would be a matter of public notoriety and lay it again before the Convention next morning. The friends of New-Hampshire were much pleased with their success, and well enjoyed the night; but the scene changed the next morning, and the committee reversed their report and report- ed to unite all the territory of New-Hampshire west of Mason's line extending to the Connecticut River with the State of Vermont ; and which report was accepted by a great majority of the Convention, it being principally opposed by twelve members of the Council and Assembly of New- Hampshire, who thereupon withdrew to remonstrate against the proceeding." This bare-faced conduct of the members of the Legislature disclosed their intentions at once, and furnished Vermont with fair pretensions to extend her jurisdiction on grounds of similar policy and self-preser- vation. (See Vermont Historical Soc. Coll. Volume I. pp 413-14 and Vol. II. Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Ver- mont, by Hon. E. P. Walton.) The Committee appointed by the Charlestown Convention made ap- plication, on the 10th of February, to the Assembly of Vermont, for a union of the towns west of Mason's Grant with that state. The fol- lowing is the application of the Committee which was signed by the Chairman. 152 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. " To the Hou'ble the Gen'l Assembly of the State of Vermont, now sitting in Windsor." " The Committee appointed by the Convention, holden the 16th of January, to confer with the Assembly of said Stat^ beg leave to inform that the Convention are desirous of being united with the State before mentioned in one separate independent government upon such princi- ples as shall be mutually thought the most equitable and beneficial for the whole, desiring an answer as soon as may be. By order of the Committee Elisha Payne. Windsor Feb. 10th, 1781." About the same time a petition was presented by inhabitants, living to the west of Vermont, for a like union with that state of the ter- ritory lying to the eastward of Hudson River. In this the petitioners prayed for protection against their enemies in Canada, and avowed that Uew-York had left them in such an exposed situation that, unless Vermont would receive them, they should be obliged to remove, with their families and effects, into the interior parts of the country, for safety. " The propriety of complying with these two applications, "was dis- cussed in a joint committee of the whole Council and Assembly, and the views of the Committee were embodied in a report, in which a concise history of the origin and progress of the hostile proceedings of the peo- ple and governments of ' New-Hampshire and New- York,' • was given, tending to show that the extension of the jurisdiction of the state to the east, and west, as asked for, had become a necessary measure of self-de- fense against the unjust claims of those states which were striving, by every possible means, to increase their territories and power, by the ex- tinguishment and annihilation of Vermont. Such extensions of juris- diction were, also, declared to be just to those who asked for them, and necessary to the adoption of proper means for the defense of the fron- tiers, against the common enemy." (See Early His. of Vt., by H. Hall, page 339.) The report was very able, and may be found in full, in Slade's " Ver- mont State Papers," commencing on the 128tli page. It recapitulates, very clearly, the facts in the controversy, and shows, from the Vermont stand-point, the injustice of the course pursued, both by New-Hamp- shire and New- York ; exhibiting New-Hampshire's double dealing and New- York's art and cunning, in the promotion of her selfish schemes, in no very favorable light. It finally concludes, with the following recom- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 153 QieDdations ; — " That the legislature of the state, do lay a jurisdictional claim to all the lauds, situated east of Connecticut river, north of Mass- achusetts and south of latitude forty-five ; and that they do not exercise jurisdiction, for the time being." It was also recommended, that a like jurisdictional claim be made to all the land " situate north of the line of the State of Massachusetts, and extending the same to Hudson's river, the east of the centre of the deepest channel of said river, to the head thereof; from thence, east of a north line, being extended to latitude forty-five, and south of the same line, including all the lands and waters, to the place where this State now exercises jurisdiction, and not to exercise jurisdiction for the time being." In accordance with the resolution relating to the eastern union, nego- tiations were immediately entered upon, with the Cornish Convention, for settling the terms upon which the union should be consummated- These, without difficulty, were mutually agreed upon in the course of a few days. " They were, in substance, that the Constitution of the State of Vermont, should remain unchanged, until it should be altered in the mode therein pointed out. That, as soon as circumstances would permit, the legislature of the state, should apply to Congress, to be admitted in- to the Confederation ; and that, after such admission. Congress might de- termine questions of disputed boundaries ; that the expenses and losses of the several towns on both sides of the Connecticut, occasioned by the war, should thereafter be equitably adjusted ; and that a general act of amnesty and oblivion, should be passed by the legislature for all oflfenc- es and acts of tresspass, committed against the authority of the state, by persons under a claim of being subjects of New- York; and all suits, prosecutions and judgments against them, should be discharged, and an- nulled. Other provisions, of less importance, were made, and it was agreed that the question of forming the union on such terms, should be submitted to the several towns, in the State of Vermont, and to the towns, to about twenty miles east of the Connecticut river ; and that, if two-thirds of" the towns, on each side of the river approved of the union, it should be considered as ratified, and completed. The Assembly then adjourned, to meet again, at AVindsor, on the first Wednesday of the en- suing April." The Assembly met, according to adjournment, when it was found that the necessary majority of the towns had given in their votes for the con- summation of the union. The following towns, east of the Connecticut River, made returns acceding to the union with the State of Vermont, viz. — Hinsdale, Walpole, Surry, Gilsum, Alstead, Charlestown, Acworth, 154 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. Lempster, Saville, Claremont, Newport, Cornish, Croydon, Plainfield, Grantham, Marlow, Lebanon, Grafton, Dresden, Hanover, Cardigan, Lyme, Dorchester, Haverhill, Landaff, Gunthviaite, Lancaster, Piermont, Eichmond, Chesterfield, Westmoreland, Bath, Lyman, Morristown alias Franconia, and Lincoln. No return from any town dissenting from the union was received. The union was also acceded to by the votes of the following towns in Vermont, viz. — Shaflsbury, Arlington, Sandgate, Sunderland, Dorset, Kupert, Pawlet, Poultney, Castleton, Danby, Tinmouth, Rutland, Pitts- ford, Bethel, Pomfret, Peacham, Fairlee, Guilford, Moretown, Whiting- ham, Marlborough, Newfane, Wilmington, Putney, Westminster, Ath- ens, Chester, Windsor, Reading, Thetford, Strafford, Barnard, Royalton, Sharon, Norwich, and Hinsdale, now Vernon. The following towns disapproved of the union ; viz. — ^Bennington, Manchester, Clarendon, Dummerston, Londonderry, Woodstock, and Hertford, now Hartland. And the following sent in no opinion, viz. — Wells, Walliugford, Townsend, Weathersfield, Cavendish and Hartford. The union was thus consummated ; and Colonel Ebenezer Walbridge, of Bennington, Matthew Lyon, of Arlington, and Stephen R. Bradley, of Westminister, were appointed, on the part of the legislature, to wait on the Convention, and inform them of the result : and that they would be received by the Assembly to take their seats, on the next morning, at nine o'clock. Accordingly, the following persons, representing towns east of the Connecticut River, took their seats in the Vermont Assembly, at the time appointed, except those whose names are marked with an asterisk*, who took their seats afterwards, during the session. Acworth, John Duncan ; Alstead, Nathaniel S. Prentice, Esq. ; Cardi- gan, Sawyer Bullock; Charlestown, Dr. Wm. Page, Capt. Samuel Wetherbe ; Chesterfield, Capt. Samuel King, Dea. SUas Thomson ; Claremont, Dea. Matthias Stone, Capt. Oliver Ashley ; Cornish, William Ripley, Esq. ; Croydon, Moses Whipple ; Dresden, Bezaleel Woodward, Esq. ; Enfield, Bela Turner ; Gilsum, Ebenezer Dewey ; * Grafton, Rus- sel Mason ; Gunthwaite, John Young ; Hanover, Jonathan Freeman, Esq., Col. Jno. House ; Haverhill, Timothy Bedel, Esq., Maj. Joshua Howard ; Hinsdale, Daniel Jones, Esq. ; Landaff, Absalom Peters ; Lebanon, Col. Elisha Payne, Lieut. Elihu Hyde; Lempster, Elijah Frink ; Lyman, Nathan Hodges ; Lyme, Jonathan Child, Walter Fair- field ; Marlow, Samuel Canfield ; Morristown and Bath, Col. Timothy HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 155 Bedel ; New Grantham, Capt. Abel Stevens ; Newport, Benjamin Giles, Esq. ; New-Stamford, Israel Mead ; * Orford, Davenport Phelps, Eben Fairfield ; Piermont, Thomas Russell, Esq. ; Plainjield, Lieut. John Ste- vens, Capt. Josiah Russell ; Richmond, Silas Gaskill, Daniel Cass ; Sa- viUe, Moses True ; Surrey, Wolston Brockway ; Walpole, Lieut. John Graves ; * Westmoreland, Jonathan Cole.* CHAPTEK X. Legal provisioxs for the towns east of the River — Session of the Assembly at Charlestown— Rejection op the Resolutions op Con- gress, OF the seventh and twentieth op August — ^Various matters TO the close of the session. HE union of the towns east of the Connecticut with the State of Vermont being thus completed, and their representatives admitted to tlie Assembly, it became a subject demanding their immediate attention, what provision it would be necessary to make for them, in order that they might receive the benefit of the laws and the protection of the State. At the time of the admission of the six- teen towns, the whole State was divided into only two counties : Benning- ton on the west of the mountains and Cumberland on the east. But at the session of the Assembly, in February, 1781, a new division had been made. Bennington had been reduced to its present limits, and the towns to the north of it had been organized into the County of Rutland. Of Cumberland County, on the east of the mountains, there had been still greater divisions ; three counties instead of two had been formed out of it. These were Windham, Windsor and Orange ; the two form- er having about their present extent ; the latter including all the terri- tory to the north of Windsor. On mature consideration, the Assembly, with great unanimity, agreed on the division exhibited in the following Act, as that which would afford the best county accommodations to the newly annexed towns to the east of the river : — " An act in addition to an act entitled ' an act for the division of the counties within this State.' (Slade's " State Papers," page 427, &c..) Be it enacted, &c., that all the lands within this state on the east side of the Connecticut river, lying and being opposite the County of Orange, be and hereby are, for the time being, annejced to the said County of Orange. " Be it further enacted that all the lands lying and being within this state, on the east side of the Connecticut river, opposite to the County HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWX. 157 of Windsor, and northward of tlie northerly lines of the towns of Claremont, Newport, Unity and Wendel, be and hereby are, for the time being annexed to the County of Windsor. And be it farther enacted, that all the lands within this state, on the east side of the Connecticut river, southward of the northerly lines of the towns of Claremont, Newport, Unity and Wendel, be and hereby are, for the time being, erected into one entire and distinct County by the name of Washington County. " By a similar act, the towns on the east side of the Connecticut were divided, during this session, into four Probate districts, viz. — the dis- tricts of Haverhill, Dresden, Claremont and Keene. The change in the jurisdiction of the townships east of the river al- so necessitated further legislation. There were many cases still pending and awaiting decision in the New-Hampshire courts. Justice required that, under the circumstances, there should a way be prepared for the transfer of these to the Vermont courts. This was seen by the Assem- bly, and provided for by the following Act : — • " An act "to impower the Courts, hereafter to be appointed, in the Counties of Washington and Orange, to take up all actions and suits, both civil and criminal, pending in said counties, and pursue them to final judgment and execution. Whereas, there have been divers actions and suits, both civil and criminal, commenced in the Counties of Cheshire and Grafton, while under the jurisdiction of New-Hampshire, many of which are now pending and undetermined ; Therefore, to prevent injustice to the pub- lic, or expense to individuals, respecting the same. Be it eimcted, &c., that all suits, actions, and processes, of whatever name or nature, now pending in any inferior Court of Common Pleas, or Court of General Sessions of the Peace, within either of the said Counties, be transferred to, taken up, tried and determined by the County Courts hereafter respectively appointed in the Counties of Washington and Orange, and that no fees be demanded by the said Courts for entering any actions which have been already entered in either of the said Counties of Cheshire and Grafton ; and, that all suits now pending in the Superior Court, in either of said Counties, be, in like manner, taken up, and transferred to the Superior Courts of the State of Vermont, to be by them determined ; and that the said suits and actions be tried and adjudged, and cost taxed, and appeals allowed, agreeable to the rules, laws, and customs of the State of New-Hamp- shire ; and that all attachments heretofore made, and all bail hereto- 158 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. fore taken, be allowed and held good ; and that all executions, writs, and warrants now in the hands of any or either of the Sheriffs or offi- cers, in the Counties aforesaid, be levied, served, and returned by the said officers, to the Superior, or County Courts respectively, as they is- sued from the superior, or inferior Courts, in said Counties ; and, that alias and pluries executions be issued and levied, until the said judg- ments be satisfied ; and, that the said Courts, hereafter to be appointed in said Counties, be, and they are hereby impowered, to hear and deter- mine all suits and actions now pending in either of said Counties, for the trial of the title to any tract or tracts of land whatever, in either of said Counties ; and, that all appeals, heretofore made from any judg- ment recovered in any inferior Court in either of said Counties to a Superior Court, and not yet entered, be entered arid tried at the Supe- rior Court of the State of Vermont, at their next session in said Counties. And he it further enacted, that all actions, and suits, pending in the Superior or County Courts, in said County of Cheshire, be transferred to the Superior and County Courts, respectively, that shall first be held in the County of Washington ; and all actions and suits pending in the County of Grafton be, in like manner, transferred to the Superior and County Courts, to be holden in the County of Orange." An act was also passed at this session, directing the County Courts in their office and duty ; and when it was deemed that all business had been accomplished, which was essential to the perfecting of the eastern union and to meet the demands of the public welfare, the Assembly adjourned, to meet at Bennington, on the 13th of tlie following June. At the session of the Assembly, at Bennington, against much opposi- tion of the towns on and especially east of the Connecticut Kiver, the fol- lowing towns, west of Vermont and in the State of New- York, were ad- mitted to the union, viz. — Black Creek, Cambridge, Hoosick, Greenfield, GranvUle, Little Hoosick, North Granville, South Granville, Skeensbo- ro, Schaghticoke and Saratoga. These towns were admitted by 63 yeas to 24 nays, and their representatives took seats in the Assembly. The Assembly, on the 28th of June, resolved to hold its next session at Charlestown, on the 11th of the October following. At this session, Eev. Bulkley Olcott, the Congregational minister of Charlestown, preached the election sermon. He was also, on the organ- ization of the Assembly, appointed its Chaplain. I have been able to obtain no certified list of the representatives from the New-Hampshire towns at this session. Hon. Hiland Hall, iu his Early History of Vermont, says : " The Assembly consisted of one hundred HISTORY OF OnARLESTOWN. 159 and thirty-seven members, from one hundred and two towns." Of these, ninety-one were from Vermont, or towns west of the Connecticut River, and forty-six from towns that had united with that State from New- Hampshire. The following roll of the New-Hampshire members is giv- en, as the best that has been obtained. EEPEESENTATIVB FROMS Aeworth, Peleg Sprague ; Alstead, Nathaniel S. Prentice ; Bath, Elisha Cleaveland; Canaan, Thomas Baldwin; Cardigan, Sawyer Bullock; Charlestowii, Dr. William Page, Capt. Samuel Wetherbe ; Chesterfield, Samuel King, Silas Thomson ; Claremont, Benjamin Sumner, Matthias Stone ; Cornish, AVilliam Ripley ; Croydon, Moses Whipple ; Dresden, Bezaleel Woodward ; Enfold, Bela Turner ; Gilsum, Ebenezer Dewey ; Grafton, Russell Mason ; Gfunthwaite, John Young; Hanover, Jonathan Wright, Jonathan Freeman ; Haverhill, Timothy Bedel, Esq., Joshua Howard ; Hinsdale, Daniel Jones ; Keene, Isaac Wyman, Ezra Stiles ; Landaff, Absalom Peters; Lebanon, Elisha Payne, Elihu Hyde; Lempster, Elijah Friuk ; Lyman, Nathan Hodges ; Lyme, Jona- than Child, Ebenezer Green; Marlow, Samuel Caufield; New Gran- tham, Abel Stevens ; Newport, Benjamin Giles ; New Stamford, Israel Mead ; Orford, Davenport Phelps, Eben Fairfield ; Piermont, Thomas Russell ; Plainfield, Francis Smith ; Bichmond, Silas Gaskill : Saville, Moses True ; Surry, Wolston Brockway ; Walpole, John Graves, Jona- than Hall ; Westmoreland, Jonathan Cole, Archelaus Temple. The town of Keene, at a meeting held March 26th, 1781, voted not to unite with the Grants on the west side of the Connecticut River. It still was represented by the venerable Captain Isaac Wyman, one of its most trustworthy and respectable citizens, and by Ezra Stiles, Esq, who was of importance enough to be chosen by the Assembly one of the nine Commissioners of Vermont, to meet with a similar number chosen by New-Hampshire, to adjust the jurisdictional boundary line of the two states. Charlestown, undoubtedly, exerted its share of influence in bringing about the union of the New-Hampshire towns with Vermont. If we review the early history of the town, from its settlement to 1760, we shall find little in the course pursued by New-Hampshire which would be adapted to attach the inhabitants to her jurisdiction. The township was not originally chartered by New-Hampshire, and its settlers were disappointed on ascertaining that they were within its limits ; and pe- titioued the King, to be set back again to Massachusetts, to which State they had always supposed they belonged. The Old Bay State had been 160 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. their main source of reliance. It was from thence that had come their defense in every time of trouble. Every important military detachment that had come to their aid, for sixteen years, was from that state. New- Hampshire was petitioned and petitioned, both before and after the township was chartered by that state, and in not one instance was a fa- vorable answer returned. It can hardly be deemed remarkable, then, under such circumstances, that the inhabitants of Charlestown, at that time, should not be very strongly attached to the New- Hampshire gov- ernment ; and that, when the opportunity came to them to place them- selves under another jurisdiction, they were not reluctant to make the change. Some of the historians of Vermont have represented the inhabitants on the east side of the Connecticut as influenced, in pursuing the course they did, by a desire to bring the capital of the state to that river. This motive, it is true, was put forth by John Wheelock, whose aspirations were to have the seat of government at Hanover Plain. But a large majority of the people, it is believed, acted from other considerations. Such was their situation, that they believed that they should be greatly benefitted by coming under the jurisdiction of Vermont ; and that they had a right to change their relations, if they chose to do so ; and that their choice, under all the circumstances, was to go with the Grants, can be hardly a matter to surprise us. Their charters had emanated from the same source. Their customs and habits of life, also, rendered the connection closer between them than with the inhabitants of eastern New-Hampshire. These things, together with the long neglect of Charles- town by the New-Hampshire government, would appear to be sufficient to account for their desire for change, without the petty motives of am- bition, which have been so frequently charged upon them. The laws passed at this session of the assembly may be found in Slade's Vermont State Papers, commencing page 439. On the meeting of the assembly at Charlestown, it was found that Congress, by resolutions passed on the 7th and the 20th of the previ- ous August, had placed before the people of Vermont very high in- ducement to give up her eastern and western unions, which she had but so recently formed. Those who had been opposed to the admission of Vermont into the Federal Union had become more and more con- vinced that her admission, however long deferred, would be ultimately necessary. The increasing conviction that this would be the final re- sult is shown by the following letter of James Madison, afterwards President Madison, to his friend Edmund Pendleton. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 161 "Philadelphia, Aug. 14th, 1781. Dear Sir: The controversy relating to the district called Vermont, the in- habitants of which have, for several years, claimed and exercised the jurisdiction of an independent State, is, at length, put into a train of speedy decision. Notwithstanding the objections to such an event, there is no question but they will be established into a separate and federal State. A relinquishment made by Massachusetts of her claims ; a despair of finally obtaining theirs, on the part of New- York and New- Hampshire, the other claimants, on whom these enterprising adven- turers were making fresh encroachments ; the latent support afforded them by the leading people of the New-England States in general, from which they emigrated ; the just ground of apprehension, that their ru- lers were engaging in clandestine negotiations with the enemy ; and lastly, perhaps, the jealous policy of some of the little States, which hope that such a precedent may engender a division of some of the large ones, are the circumstances which will determine Congress in the affair." By the controversy's being " put into a train of speedy decision," Mr. Madison had reference to the resolutions of Congress, on the 7th of August, already referred to, which were as follo\ys : " Resolved — That a committee of five be appointed to confer with such person or persons as may be appointed by the people residing on the New-Hampshire Grants, on the west side of the Connecticut river, or by their representative body, respecting their claim to be an inde- pendent State ; and on what terms it may be proper to admit them into the Federal Union of these States, in case the United States, in Con- gress assembled, shall determine to recognize their independence, and thereof make report. And it is hereby recommended to the people of the territory afore- said, or their representative body, to appoint an agent or agents to re- pair immediately to Philadelphia, with full powers and instructions to confer with the said committee on matters aforesaid, and, on behalf of the said people to agree upon and ratify terms and articles of union and confederation with the United States of America, in case they shall be admitted into the union; and the said committee are hereby in- structed to give notice to the agents of the States of New-Hampshire and New- York to be present at the conference aforesaid. Resolved — That, in case Congress shall recognize the independence of the said people of Vermont, they will consider all the lauds belong- 162 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. iug to New-Hampshire and New- York, respectively, without the limits of Vermont aforesaid, as coming within the mutual guarantee of territory contained in the articles of confederation ; and that the United States will, accordingly, guarantee such lauds, and the jurisdiction over the same, against any claims or encroachments from the inhabitants of Vermont aforesaid." The committee chosen under the foregoing resolutions were Mr. Boud- inot of New Jersey, Mr. Vandyke of Delaware, Mr. Carroll of Mary- land, Mr. Montgomery of Pensylvania, and Mr. Kan N order to a clear understanding of further developments in this controversy which had a very important bearing on its final issue, reference must be now made to a correspondence which took place between his Excellency, Governor Chittenden, and General Washington. Governor Chittenden feeling that the course pursued by Vermont was regarded by Congress with suspicion, and that affairs were in such a condition, as would scarcely admit of a full disclosure to that body, determined, as the best thing he could do, to open his heart to General Washington, in a letter of confidence, in which he would communicate, without reserve the true position of Vermont, and the reasons of the course which the State had pursued. This letter was dated at Arlington, December 14th, 1781. In this he stated with great manliness the services of Vermont to the United States against the common enemy ; and defended her right to inde- pendence against those states which claimed jurisdiction over her ter- ritory ; and showed why the cabinet of Vermont projected the exten- •sion of their claim of jurisdiction upon the states of New-Hampshire and New- York ; that it was in consequence of the difficult juncture of aflTairs, into which the course adopted by them in opposition to her interest and the interests of the country had brought her, and was, as well to quiet some of her own internal divisions occasioned by the mach- inations of those two governments, as to make them experience the evils of intestine broils, and strengthen Vermont against insult. In this letter he also disclosed the true reasons of the negotiation of the HISTORY OF CHARLBSTOWN. 195 State with the enemy which had created in the country not only sus- picion but alarm. To this letter General Washington replied as follows. General Washington to Thomas Chittenden. Philadelphia, 1st January, 1782. Sir: I received your favor of the 14th of November, by Mr. Brownson. You cannot be at a loss to know why I have not heretofore, and why I cannot now, address you in your public character or answer you in mine : But the confidence which you have been pleased to repose in me, gives me an opportunity of offering you my sentiments, as an in- dividual wishing most ardently to see the peace and union of his country preserved, and the just rights of the people of every part of it fully and firmly established. It is not my business, neither do I think it necessary now, to discuss the origin of the right of a number of inhabitants to that tract of country formerly distinguished by the name of the New-Hampshire Grants, and now known by that of Vermont. I will take it for grant- ed that their right was good, because Congress, by their resolve of the 7th of August, imply it; and by that of the 21st, are willing fully to confirm it, provided the new State is confined to certain described bounds. It appears, therefore, to me, that the dispute of boundary is the only one that exists, and that that being removed, all further difiiculties would be removed also, and the matter terminated to the satisfaction of all parties. Now I would ask you candidly, whether the claim of the people of Vermont, was not, for a long time, confined solely, or very nearly, to that tract of country which is described in the resolve of Congress of the 21st of August last ; and whether agreeable to the tenor of your own letter to me, the late extension of your claim upon New-Hampshire and New-York was not more a political manoeuvre than one in which you conceived yourselves justifiable. If my first question be answered in the afiirmative, it certainly bars your new claim, and if my second be well founded, your end is answered and you have nothing to do but withdraw your jurisdiction to the confines of your old limits and obtain an acknowledgement of independence and sovereignty, under the resolve of the 21st of August, for so much territory as does not interfere with the ancient established bounds of New-York, New-Hampshire and Massachusetts. I persuade myself 196 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. you will see aud acquiesce in the reason, the justice, and indeed the necessity of such a decision. You must consider, sir, that the point now in dispute is of the ut- most political importance to the future union and peace of this great country. The State of Vermont, if acknowledged, will be the first new one admitted into the confederacy ; and if suffered to encroach upon the ancient established boundaries of the adjacent ones, will serve as a precedent for others, which it may hereafter be expedient to set off, to make the same unjustifiable demands. Thus, in my private opin- ion, while it behoves the delegates of the States now confederated to do ample justice to a body of people sufficiently respectable by their numbers, and entitled by other claims to be admitted into that con- federation, it becomes them also to attend to the interests of their con- stituents, and see that under the appearance of justice to one they do not materially injure the rights of others. I am apt to think this is the prevailing opinion of Congress and that your late extension of claim has, upon the principle I have above mentioned, rather diminished than increased your friends ; and that if such extension should be persisted in, it will be made a common cause, and not considered as only affect- ing the rights of those States immediately interested in the loss of ter- ritory, a loss of too serious a nature not to claim the attention of any people. There is no calamity within the compass of my foresight, which is more to be dreaded than a necessity of coercion on the part of Congress; and consequently every endeavor should/be used to prevent the execution of so disagreeable a measure. It must involve the ruin of that State against which the resentment of the others is pointed. I will only add a few words upon the subject of the negotiations which have been carried on between you and the enemy in Canada and ia New- York. I will take it for granted as you assert it, that they were so far innocent that there never was any serious intention of join- ing Great Britain in their attempts to subjugate your country; but it has this certain bad tendency ; it has served to give some ground to that delusive opinion of the enemy upon which they, in a great meas- ure found their hopes of success. They have numerous friends among us who only want a proper opportunity to show themselves openly and that internal disputes and feuds will soon break us in pieces ; at the same time the seeds of distrust and jealousy are scattered among our- selves by a conduct of this kind. If you are sincere in your profes- sions there will be additional motives for accepting the terms which have been offered and which appear to me equitable and thereby con- HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 197 vincing the common enemy tliat all their expectations of disunion are vain, and that they have been worsted in the use of their own weap- on — deception. As you unbosomed yourself to me I thought I had a greater right of speaking my sentiments openly and candidly to you. I have done so and if they should produce the effects which I sincerely wish, that of an honorable and amicable adjustment of a matter which if car- ried to hostile length may destroy the future happiness of my country, I shall have attained my end while the enemy will be defeated in theirs. Believe me to be with great respect Sir, &c., George Washington. Jan. 8th 1782, Washington wrote as follows to General Schuyler re- questing him carefully to transmit the above letter to Chittenden. " This letter I have shown to a number of my friends, members of Congre.-!s and others and they have advised me to write to Mr. Chit- tenden in my private character — give him my opinion upon the unjus- tifiableness of the extension of their claim and advise them to accept the terms offered by the resolve of last August. This I have done ful- ly and forcibly and perhaps it maj' have some effect upon Mr. Chitten- den and the leaders in Vermont. I would wish you to keep the pur- port of this to yourself as I do not wish to have my sentiments public- ly known." This letter not only convinced Governor Chittenden, but, on its con- tents being imparted to them, the most influential political leaders of Vermont, that that State could not be admitted into the American Union, while she should continue to maintain her unions on the east and west. It also induced them to believe that, on their complying with the conditions set forth in the Resolutions of Congress on the 7tli and 20th of August, there could be no doubt that Vermont would be immediately received to the sisterhood of states. This produced a great change in their minds, and very soon made them as anxious to be rid of their newly acquired territories as they had been, previousl}'', to retain them. But the Governor, and those whom he saw fit to ad- mit into his confidence, kept their own counsel and waited for the assembling of the Legislature, which had adjourned from Charlestown to meet at Bennington the last week in January ; which time they considered would be most opportune for the agitation and considera- tion of the subject. Meantime Lieutenant-Governor Payne, Bezaleel 198 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. Woodward, Ethau Allen, John Fassett, jr., and Matthew Lyon were appointed, Jan. 11th, by a resolution of the Governor and Council, " To make a draft of the political affairs of this State (Vermont) to be published ;" and presented the results of their labors in a pamphlet •with the following title : " The present State of the Controversy between the State of New- York on the one part, and the State of Vermont on the other." See Gov. and Council Records, Vt, vol. 11, p. 355. In this able pamphlet, in some portions of which the position of Vermont is presented as one to be excused rather than defended on strictly moral grounds, occurs the following passage : "The written express condition,. upon which Vermont admitted these unions, was that, provided Vermont should be admitted into the fed- eral Union with the United States, Congress should determine the boundaries ( alias its unions ) agreeable to the mode prescribed by the Articles of Confederation of the United States. On the 22d of August last, Congress proposed that Vermont should exclude or nullify their said unions, and then be admitted into the Federal Union of the United States. But why did not the Legislature of Vermont, at their sessions in October last, dissolve their said unions and end the controversy, as Congress proposed ? It was not in their power to do it ; the previous conditions of dissolving the union were impossi- ble, as the inhabitants of those Unions were, in the most solemn man- ner, admitted to all and singular of the privileges and protections of government, in common with those other citizens who first erected it. The faith of government was pledged for their security, and they became incorporated into the same political body, and composed a respectable part of its Legislature. Previous to the forming of these unions, had Congress proposed a union of Vermont with the United States, bonfires and public rejoicings would have been displayed as testimonies of their gratitude to Congress, and its legislative body would have unitedly complied with it. Notwithstanding the good inten- tions of Congress, had Vermont abandoned their unions to the vindic- tive rage of New- York, and New-Hampshire, had it been in their power (it) would have been to their indelible and eternal reproach. Had the legislature of Vermont attempted a dissolution of their union, it would have flung them, and consequently the whole State, into such intestine broils, that they would have fell an easy prey to their watchful competitors, viz. — New- York and New-Hampshire, and not only be damned and tantalized over by them, but spurned and derided by the HISTORY OF OHARLESTOWX. 199 New-Eagland States, to whom they have granted a large quantity of land, and incorporated it into townships." [Vol. II, Records of Gover- nor and Council, page 359]. The Vermont Legislature met according to adjournment, at Benning- ton ; but no business, relating either to the east or west union before the 11th of February, 1782, was brought before it for consideration. But on that day, His Excellency, the Governor, laid before the House the letter from General Washington, dated, Philadelphia, January 1st, 1782, and such other letters, relating to the public business of the State, as had been received subsequent to the adjournment of the legislature, in October ; among which were all that had any particular bearing on the proceedings in the east and west unions during that time. Here the matter rested till the 18th, when the House ordered, that Major Thom- as Chandler, jr. be requested to wait on his Excellency, the Governor, and desire him to lay before the House, a Copy of the letter that pro- duced the one from General Washington, that had already been laid be- fore them — Likewise the original letter from General Washington, with the resolution of Congress, of the 21st of August, 1781 ; most often call- ed the resolution of the 20th of August. By a resolution, the Governor and Council were also requested to join the House in a committee of the whole, at two o'clock that afternoon, to take into consideration the above mentioned letters and resolution, and, also a letter of General Wolcott, having particular reference to the subject matters of the reso- lution. On the reception of this request, the Hon. Moses Robinson, Esq. informed the House, that it was the desire of the Governor and Council, that the meeting of the committee of the whole should be de- ferred until the following morning, which was accordingly done. On the 19th of February, agreeable to the order of the day, the Gov- ernor and Council, and House of Representatives, formed themselves in- to a committee of the whole, to take into consideration the resolution of Congress of the 21st (or 20th) of August ; also, the letters from Gen- erals Washington and Wolcott, &c.; and continued on that business, from day to day, until February 21st, when the committee of the whole, having dissolved, the House once more formed, and the speaker resum- ed the chair. On the 20th of February', while in a committee of the whole, a mo- tion was made by Mr. Chandler, "That the sense of the Committee be tak- en upon the following question, viz. — ^ Whether Congress, in their Resolu- tions of the 7th and 21st of August last, in guaranteeing to the respect- ive States of New- York and New-Hampshire, all territory without cer- 200 HISTORY OP CHAKLESTOWN. tain limits, therein expressed, has not eventually determined the hound- aries of this State? Which question being put, was carried in the affirmative ; whereupon Kesolved — that in the opinion of this Committee, Congress, in their resolutions of the 7th and 21st of August last, in guaranteeing to the respective States of New- York and New-Hampshire, all territory with- out certain limits, therein expressed, have eventually determined the boundaries of this State. And, whereas, it appears to this Committee, consistent with the spirit, true intent and meaning of the articles of the union, entered into by this State with the inhabitants of a certain district of Country on the east side of the west bank of the Connecticut River, and on the west side of a line twenty miles east of Hudson's Eiver (which articles of union were executed, on the 23d day of February and the 15th day of June, last past,) that Congress should consider and determine the boundary lines of this State, Therefore, this Committee recommend to the assem- bly of this State, to pass resolutions, declaring their acquiescence in, and accession to the determination made by Congress, of said boundary lines, between the States of New-Hampshire and New- York, respectively, and this State, as they are in said resolutions defined and described, and, al- so, expressly relinquishing all claim to, and jurisdiction of, and over the said Districts of territory without said boundary lines, and the inhab- itants thereon residing. Confiding in the faith and wisdom of Congress, that they will imme- diately enter on measures to carry into eifect the oth^r matters in said resolutions contained, and settle on equitable terms whereby this State may be received into, and have and enjoy all the protection, rights and advantages of the federal union with the United States of America, as a free, independent and sovereign state, .as is held forth to us in and by said resolutions. And this committee do further recommend to the Assembly that they cause official information of their resolutions, to be immediately, transmitted to the Congress of the* United States, and the states of New- York and New-Hampshire." The report of the committee of the whole (of which this is a portion) was then read and was accepted and adopted. Two committees were then appointed, one to bring in a bill or bills according to the report above made ; the other to point out some mode of redress, relative to the injuries the people of the eastern and western unions had sustained in consequence of their alliance. HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 201 On motion of Mr. (Ezra) Stiles it was then resolved "that this House do judge the Articles of Union completely dissolved.'' The clerk was then directed to make up the debenture of the mem- bers belonging to the late union, and to lay the same before the House the next day. On the 22d this debenture was read, and passed the House, and the treasurer ordered to pay the same. On the same day the committee to whom was referred the mode for redressing the people, in the eastern and western unions, brought in the following report, "Viz., that it is the opinion of your committee, that some proper persons be immediately sent to those officers, who are now arresting and making prisoners, every person they can find, who have heretofore been activ^in joining this State, requesting and entreating them, to suspend the execution of the law, until the afore- mentioned persons can have time to petition the Assembly of New- York to be restored and showing their willingness to return to their allegiance to said state — provided the Legislature should pass an act of peace, and also that a petition be presented by our agents to the Congress of the United States, praying them to interpose by recom- mending to the states of New-Hampshire and New- York to pass acts of oblivion in their behalf. Joseph Bowker, for Committee." The above report was accepted so far as it related to the western union, and it was ordered that a bill" be brought in accordingly. The people of the eastern union were therefore of course left to look out for themselves. On the 23d of February, the committee appointed to prepare a bill or bills agreeable to the report of the committee of the whole, brought in the following Resolutions, which were read and passed into Resolu- tions in the House : viz., " Resolved that the same be complied with." " And thereupon it was Resolved That the west bank of the Connecti- cut River, and a line beginning at the northwest corner of the Massa- chusetts State from thence northward twenty miles east of Hudson's River, as specified in the Resolutions of August last, shall be consid- ered as the east and west boundaries of this state ; and that this As- sembly do hereby relinquish all claim and demand to and right of jurisdiction in and over any and every district of territory without said boundary lines; and that authenticated copies of this Resolution be forthwith officially transmitted to Congress and the States of New- Hampshire and New- York respectively." 202 HISTORY OF OHARLESTOWN. Thus by the act of the Vermont Assembly the unions east and west ■were dissolved, under circumstances which prohibited the prospect of their being again renewed. It is represeated by Belknap in his History of New-Hampshire, that the Assembly of Vermont secured the dissolution of its eastern and western unions by taking advantage of the absence or non-arrival of the members from the New-Hampshire towns. And he states that "When the members from the eastern side of the Connecticut River ar- rived (that is after the dissolution) they found themselves excluded from a seat in the Assembly and took their leave with some expres- sions of bitterness." Belknap is usually excellent authority. But we are not without reasons for believing that many of those in the New- Hampshire towns who had exerted their influence in forming the un- ion, had from a fuller knowledge of the facts and circumstances of the whole project, become as solicitous for its dissolution as the Assembly or people of Vermont. (See Dr. Page's letter of January 8th.) There- fore though there were some members of the eastern union present at the time in the Assembly, the resolution to dissolve the union was passed without a division. On the dissolution of the union, most of the towns in Cheshire county passed quietly back under the jurisdiction of New-Hampshire. Charlestown immediately acknowledged its allegiance to New-Hamp- shire and its town-meeting for March 1782, was warned in the usual form. On the 21st of May, following, John Hubbkrd who had been one of the adherents of Vermont, was elected representative, and on the succeeding June was appointed on a committee of the House to consider and report on " What was necessary to be done respecting such civil and military officers in the counties of Cheshire and Graf- ton, as had acted under the authority of Vermont." As no report is recorded, it is presumable, that it was not found necessary that any- thing should be done. Previously, March 22d, Benjamin Giles, Esq., and Nathaniel S. Prentice, had been struck from the list of the civil officers of the state. But this was before the feeling of excitement, which had run very high, had had sufficient opportunity to abate ; and important positions under the government of the Sta^e, were held both by Mr. Prentice and Mr. Giles afterwards, and by many others who had been active in promoting the plan of union. For sixteen years after the dissolution of the union all the representatives from Charlestown with the exception of one, had, at the time of the union, taken the oath of allegiance to Vermont; and Charlestown afterwards HISTORY OP CHARLEST0^7N. 203 had its full share of the public officers of the state ; so that no resent- ments appear to have been cherished. Charlestown first became connected with the union movement, by sending a delegate to the Cornish Convention. The town was, subse- quently, represented at the conventions holden at Walpole and at Charles- town. In respect to this movement the town records afibrd us the fol- lowing interesting facts : At a legally warned town meeting, held on the 8th day of December, 1780, Colonel Samuel Hunt being Moderator, it was Voted — That Benjamin West be the person to represent said Charles- town, in the General assembly to be holden at Exeter, on the third Wed- nesday of this instant, (December.) Voted — ^that Messrs Samuel Stevens, Dr. (William) Page, Dr. (David) Taylor, William Heywood and Captain (Samuel) Wetherbe, be a Com- mittee to make out instructions, and make a report on this meeting. Voted — that this meeting be adjourned to Friday, the fifteenth instant, at three o'clock, afternoon ; then to meet at this place. Friday, December 15th, 1780 ; 3 o'clock afternoon, met according to adjournment. The Committee chosen to make out instructions, reported ; whereupon. Voted — that the representative be desired not. to attend the General Court their first sessions. In the town warrant, dated, at Charlestown, January 29th, 1781, the following was inserted as the 3d article : 3d. To see if the inhabitants will agree to the proposed union of the Grants, on both -sides of the Connecticut River, independent of New- Hampshire; and what instructions they will give the members of tlie Convention to be holden at Cornish, the 7th day of February next. The article was not acted upon. In the town warrant, called March 19th, 1781, the following were the 2nd and 3d articles : 2nd. To see if the inhabitants will agree to the proposed union of the Grants on both sides of Connecticut River. 3d. To choose one or more persons to represent them in General As- sembly to be holden at Windsor, in the State of Vermont, the first week in April ensuing, on Condition the articles of union shall be agreed to. March 23d, 1781, the town acted on the above articles as follows : — Voted, on the 2nd article, that the proposed union of the Grants on both sides of the Connecticut River be adopted. Voted, on the 3d article, that there be two persons chosen to represent 204 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. said Charlestown in the General assembly, to be holden at Windsor, on "Wednesday of the present week, in case the union takes place. Voted — That Dr. William Page and Captain Samuel Wetherbe be the persons to represent said Charlestown in the General assembly to be holden at Windsor, on AVednesday of the present week. Voted — that this meeting be adjourned to the sixteenth day of this in- stant, April, at 3 o'clock, P. M., then to meet at this place. Met according to adjournment, on the 16th day of April, 1781 and Voted, on the 4th article, that, whereas, this town has since the Com- mencement of the present year been sundry times called upon for beef money, &o. by the State of New-Hampshire, therefore Voted — that this town will not pay any of said articles to the State of New-Hampshire. Feom the Town Kecoeds. From the Town Eecords, Charlestown, May 3d, 1781, a list of the persons who have taken the Freeman's oath, required by the State of Vermont : Joseph Farwell, Samuel Wetherbe, Wm. Heywood, David Hubbard Solon Grout, Simeon Olcott, Jotham White, Samuel Stevens, Thomas Adams, Jno. Kose, Jas. King, Richard Glidden, Wm. Page, Jona. Hub- bard, Jona. Pierce, Jonas Gould, Constant Hart, Seth Walker, James Farnsworth, Timothy Putnam, Elijah Grout, Thomas Brainard, Noah Porter, Moses Wheeler, Seth Putnam, Phinehas Kimball, Jacob Stuart, Peter Labaree, jr., Amasa Grout, Richard Holden, Elijah Parker, Mo- ses Wheeler, Ebenezer Ferry, Paul Cushman, Oliver Corey, John Hub- bard, Jos. Spencer, Thomas Putnam, John Willard, Ebenezer Putnam, Eben'r Farnsworth. j^ On the 11th of May, 1781, the first town meeting under the author- ity of Vermont, was notified by Thomas Putnam, Justice of the Peace. The warrant commenced as follows : " State of Vermont AVashington County, ss. To the Freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Charlestown, In the name, and by the authority of the State of Vermont, you are hereby notified and required to assemble and meet at the school house in this town on Monday, the 11th day of June next, at one o'clock, after- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 205 noon, and being qualified to vote in town meetings, to vote and act on the following articles, &c." Six town meetings were held, notified in the same form, under Ver- mont — the last on the 3d day of January, 1782. This was adjourned to the 7th instant, then to the 14th, then to the 17th and dismissed. The next town meeting was notified under the authority of New- Hampshire, and was the regular meeting on the second Tuesday in March. This shows that Charlestown, at that time, conisidered its connection with Vermont at an end. I have heretofore spoken of the part acted by the citizens of Charles- town, during the Revolutionary struggle. And I may here add, that during the Controversy just described, both the inhabitants of Ver- mont and of the towns east of the River, who had been connected with it, continued to retain and exercise the same ardent attachment to the General Goverment which they had done previously, and therefore the close of the war found them prepared both to enjoy and happily to reap the fruits of the liberty which the nation had achieved. At the close of the Revolutionary War, Charlestown had been set- tled forty-three years ; and for nearly twenty-seven years of that time had been a military post. During fifteen of those years, it had been subject to the attacks of the French and their blood-thirsty Indian allies. The forces of the Provinces had also passed and repassed it, as they marched to and returned from Crown Point, Ticonderoga, and Quebec. It had been made the place of rendezvous for the Soldiers of Stark, and the store house of supply for various other portions of our armies, as they were on their way to fight the battles of the na- tion. The negotiation of a permanent peace, therefore, produ'ced a great change in the circumstances of its inhabitants, who, it may be supposed had seen enough of war, and doubtless were, in consequence, heartily disposed to comply with the recommendation of Congress to unite with the rest of the nation in the observance of a day of Gener- al Thanksgiving. Business at the conclusion of the war soon returned to the channels, in which it ordinarily moves iu times of peace. The Courts which had held no sessions from 1774 to 1778, and which during the time of the union of the town with Vermont, had been able to accomplish very little, were put in a condition to hold their regular terms, and the law- yers began to gather in a golden harvest, the reaping of which had been long delayed. Mercantile and other kinds of business also pros- 206 HISTORY OF CHAKLESTOWN. pered, and the town soon become a centre of trade ; and for half a century exerted a more extensive influence than any other place in the region. Of the number of voters in the town at the close of the war no cer- tified list has been discovered. The following are the votes for two Sen- ators for the County of Cheshire at a legal town meeting held in the Court Chamber in Charlestown, Tuesday the second day of March 1784. Daniel Jones Esq., 58. Benjamin Hall, 1. Simeon Olcott Esq., 59. Samuel Hunt, 1. Samuel Ashley Esq., 8. John Hubbard, 1. Mayor John Bellows, 10. General Bellows, 2. Benjamin Giles, 1. Colonel Hale, i. Thomas Sparhawk, 2. Previous to ■this meeting the number of votes cast at any election was not recorded. From this time the number of votes for State and county otBcers is found in the records, but not for the officers of the town. It is shown by the above vote, that Charlestown certainly had seventy-two voters, March 2ud, 1784 ; and we are left to conjecture how many more. At the session of the legislature held from December 13, 1786, to January 18th, 1787, a portion of the town of Charlestown was set off and incorporated into the town of Langdon. The act of incorporation was passed January 11th, 1787. By this act Charlestown was depriv-' ed of quite a number of its population; but the exact number that went to form the new township has not been ascertained. It appears that Jonas Fairbanks, Samuel Prouty, and others had prepared a petition to the Assembly of New-Hampshire for the incor- poration of a township out of portions of Charlestown and Walpole. This petition the Town of Charlestown at a legal meeting, held in the Court Chamber August 28th, 1786, voted not to oppose. They more- over voted " That there be a Committee to instruct their representative respecting the above petition." This Committee consisted of Dr. (William) Page, Elijah Grout, Jonas Fairbanks, Samuel Prouty, and William Heywood, who reported as follows. " The Report of the above committee for instructing their represen- tatives. We whose names are hereunto subscribed, being appointed by the freeholders and the inhabitants of the town of Charlestown, legally assembled, August 28, 1786, to agree upon and adjust matters necess- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 207 ary to be ascertained, previous to a division of the town, agreeable to the petition of Jonas Fairbanks and others, to the General Court of this State, do actually agree, that the petitioners and people, inhabit- "ing the proposed district, shall be considered as belonging to said Charlestown in the choice of a representative to the General Court ; that they pay their proportion of all town debts or taxes now due, voted or assessed, or that may become due, voted or assessed, between this and the time of the aforesaid division's taking place ; that they pay their proportion according to the list of 1786 for the support and maintenance of John and Philip Harriman, as long as they shall be supported by the town ; that they forever relinquish all right and title to the donations of Mr. Thomas Swan, and John Church, to the town for the support of a school and the town's poor. N. B. Whereas, the salary of the Rev. Bulkley Olcott becomes due in the month of February, it is therefore understood, and agreed, that the said petitioners shall pay their proportion of said salary due for the year in which they shall be set off. Wm. Page ) In behalf Jonas Fairbanks, | For the Elijah Grout, V of Samuel Prouty, J petitioners Wm. Heywood. ) the town. Charlestown and Langdon continued to have the same representa- tive till 1804 ; in which year each town elected its own. * Langdon was named from Hon. John Langdon. In 1787, the Legislature of New-Hampshire held three sessions, the 2d of which from September 12th to September 29th was held in Charlestown. Governor John Sullivan was present during the ses- sion, and was entertained at the Inn of Colonel Abel Walker, (see Walker). The fact, that Sullivan received a majority of thirty-one votes in the town, discloses very clearly the political opinions of the inhabitants at the time. JN^o acts having any particular bearing on the interest of Charlestown were passed at this meeting of the Assem- bly. The other sessions of the Assembly, during the year, were at Portsmouth and Concord. The history of Charlestown from this time is like that of most other towns, principally interesting on account of its institutions and families, and cannot well be given in a connected narration. I therefore close the historical narative here. *■ Lanedon in 1790 contained 244 inhabitants. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. CHAPTER XIIL Impoktance attached to the Christian ministry by Massachusetts AND New-Hampshire — provision for settling a Minister in their Charters— MONEY raised and Committees appointed for securing preaching, and various matters to 1754. Call given John Dennis — Council for his ordination at Nprthfield Mass. Ministry short — terminates in a year and a little over four months. HE importance attached by the governments of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire to the Christian ministry may be in- ferred from the provisions for its establishment in all their charters. A township, without the preaching of the gospel and its ac- companing influences, was not with them an idea to be entertained. Thus in the act of Massachusetts under which No. 4 was granted, we find among other conditions the following — " That the grantees do, within the space of three years from the time of their being admitted, build, and finish a convenient meeting-house for the public worship of God, and settle a learned, orthodox minister." By the same act the township was to be given to sixty grantees, but there were sixty-three house lots to be laid out ; one of which lots was to be for the first set- tled minister ; one for the second settled minister ; and one for a school ; to each of which an equal proportion of land was to accrue in all sub- sequent divisions. The charters of New-Hampshire contained a clause reserving one whole share for the incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gos- pel in Foreign Parts ; one whole share for the .first settled minister of the gospel in the town ; and one share for a glebe for the Church of England, as by law established ; and usually a share for the benefit of schools. HISTORY OF CIIARLESTOWN. 209 Sucli was the provision of the governments of these States for a set- tled ministry in all their towns ; the effect of which was to establish the preaching of the gospel in thorn at the earliest date that the circum- stances of the times would allow. The religious history of Charlestown has commonly been regarded as commencing at the settlement of Eev. John Dennis over the Church, Dec. 4th, 1754. But from what follows it will be seen that the inhab- itants, previous to that time, had enjoyed the occasional ministrations of the gospel. At a legal meeting of the proprietors held at the Block House above Northfield, Sept. 1st, 1742, the following vote was pass- ed, viz. "That Messrs John Hastings, Isaac Parker and Obadiah Sawtle (Sartwell) be a Committee to provide an Orthodox and Learn- ed Preacher to preach to the inhabitants the winter coming." To meet the expenses of providing preaching, £60 were raised. At a legal meeting of the proprietors, held Oct, 12th, 1743, at the house of John Spafford, Jan., in No. 4, a vote similar to the above to provide preaching was also passed ; and Messrs. John Spafford, Phiu- eas Stevens, Isaac Parker, Obadiah Sartwell and Moses Willard were appointed a Committee " To provide and contract with some learned and Orthodox preacher to preach to the inhabitants of the township." A vote to the same effect was passed at a legal Proprietors' meeting at the fort, Nov. 30, 1745, in which the matter of employing a minister, instead of being entrusted to a committee of five, was committed to Lieut. Moses Willard; and the sum of 90 pounds old tenor was voted to be raised and assessed on the proprietors, viz. thirty shillings on each proprietor's right, to pay for preaching past, and to hire preaching for the time to come. After the commencement of the war, the times becoming troublous and affairs very much disturbed, we find no further record of the ap- pointment of Committees for hiring "a learned and Orthodox preach- er" till the 4th of April, 1750, when Captain Phineas Stevens and Lieu- tenant Moses Willard were appointed for that purpose. The next year Nov. 28th, 1751, "Lieut. Obadiah Dickinson and Captain John Spaf- ford were appointed a Committee to provide preaching for the inhabit- ants of the township for the summer next coming" and the sum of four pounds was voted to be raised and assessed on each proprietor's right; that is 240 pounds old tenor; a portion of which was to be appropriat- ed to pay their indebtedness for the past, and the remainder was to be devoted to supplying their wants for the future. Up to this time while we are thus informed that the inhabitants of No. 4 occasionally had 210 niSTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. preaching which, either from the requirement of their charter, or the promptings of their religious feelings, they particularly desired should be learned and Orthodox, yet the name of not one who proclaimed to them the gospel in the first years of their settlement is found on the record. But from other sources we learn that two of these ministers were Eev. Andrew Gardner and Rev. Ebenezer Hinsdell; the former of whom was, for a number of years. Chaplain at Fort Dummer ; the latter the well known Colonel Hinsdell of Hinsdell's fort. They were both men, who, if occasion demanded, could handle a musket as well as preach. On the 30th of April, 1752, we find Lieut. Moses "Willard bringing in a bill of 25 pounds for keeping Mr. Brown, and also the following vote, viz. "That_ Captain Stevens' accompt for what he paid Mr. Brown for preaching and writing for the proprietors be accepted and allow- ed." This bill amounted to £ 97 4s 0. A charge of £ 20 is also made for bringing Mr. Brown from Lancaster. This was Rev. Cotton Brown who in February, 1748, received a call to Lancaster which it appears -he did not accept. He had probably ministered to the people of the settlement in the summer of 1751, ia the latter part of which year he died. Little is known of him, except that he was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard College in 1743, and was the Pastor of the Church in Brookline near Boston, and that he was cut off at an age when, had life and health been continued, he might have been most useful. On the 25th of November, 1752, the proprietors voted to build a meeting-house which was to have the following dimensions. It was to be 45 feet long, 35 feet wide, and 22 feet stud. The house was to be erected and enclosed, though not finished any further than the laying of the under floor, before or by the first of the September following. At the same meeting Mr. Caleb Wright was empowered "To provide some suitable, learned and orthodox person," to minister to them till that time. In voting to build their meeting-house the Proprietors had omitted to act on one matter of indispensable importance. They had decided on no spot for its location. This defect in their proceedings was reme- died at a meeting legally held on the 7th of March, 1753, when it was voted, " That the meeting house be set up and stand on the meeting house hill, so called, in the street between the lots, No. 48 or 49 on the west side and the house lots No. 26 or 27 on the east side of the street in the most convenient place." HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 211 On the 6th of June, 1753, Captain Phineas Stevens was chosen and appointed to provide a preacher, " Orthodox and learned," which were the indispensable qualifications, from which we may infer that Mr. Wright had not been successful in securing a supply, and that the pro- posed meeting house was not erected, is moreover shown from the fact, that, on the 14th of August, 1753, the proprietors voted "That Lieut. Isaac Parker, Captain John Spafford and Mr. Seth Walker be a com- mittee chosen and empowered to provide a convenient place to meet for the public worship of God ;" and also "voted that the sum of fifty pounds in bills of the last emission of this province be raised and as- sessed on the proprietors of this town to pay for preaching past and to come." Now when we take into consideration the situation of No. 4, and the diflSculties with which the early inhabitants had to contend, must we not be satisfied that, though they did not secure for themselves the con- tinuous preaching of the gospel, they accomplished all which, in the circumstances in whicH they were placed, could have been expected of them. They were neither neglectful of, nor indifferent to their spirit- ual interests ; but were evidently sound hearted and earnest Christian men who desired the ministrations of the gospel for themselves and their children. Their records do not furnish us with many particulars, but as many on this subject as on any other; for they were not men who in the transaction of their business multiplied words, or who made their records with the expectation that they were to answer any pur- pose beyond their own time. John Dennis. The first minister, installed over a church in Charlestown, was Rev. John Dennis, of whom the principal facts, which are known, are the following : — He was of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and graduated at Har- vard College, in 1730. Of his life from that time to 1737, we have no information ; but, in September of that year, he was appointed a Chap- lain in the army ; in which capacity he served the government till March, 1749. While chaplain he also acted as surgeon and physician. Nothing has been ascertained concerning him from the time he left the army till he is brought to our notice by his call to Charlestown. Action of the Town. At a legal meeting, held May 13th, 1754, one of the clock, after- noon, it was 212 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. " Voted — 1st, that they will apply to Mr. John Dennis to settle in the work of the gospel ministry in this town ; and for the encourage- ment of the said Mr. Dennis to settle in this town, in the work of the gospel ministry, as aforesaid. Voted — That the town will build for the said Mr. Dennis, a log-house of hewn timber, of the following dimensions ; viz. — the house to be thirty-six feet in length, and nineteen feet in width, and sixteen feet, stud ; and to be jutted at the chamber in the common manner ; and al- so to build, and set up a stack of brick chimneys, and a good conven- ient cellar ; and also to lay the lower floors, and find boards for the up- per floors, and set up the partitions and doors to the lower rooms ; and also to board and shingle the roof of said liouse. Voted — That the town will clear up a three acre lot, No. 14, in the great meadow, fit for mowing ; and that they will plough, fit and sow with wheat four acres of a five acre lot. No. 59, lying in the great meadow. Voted — That the town will pay to Mr. Dennis the sura of fifty pounds, annually, lawful money, to be paid equal to silver at six shillings and eight pence per ounce, if he shall see cause in the work of the gospel ministry in the town, and also to provide his firewood, brought to his house and cut cord-wood length. Voted — That there be five men chosen to carry and offer the propo- sals of the town to Mr. John Dennis, and to receive his answer, and make return thereof to this meeting. Voted — That John Hastings, Phineas Stevens, Esq., Mr. Andrew Gardner, Lieutenant Isaac Parker, and Ensign David Farnsworth, be a committee to carry the proposals of the town to Mr. Dennis, and re- ceive his answer as aforesaid." At an adjourned meeting, held May 22nd, 1754, the following was added : "Voted — That the town will raise the sum of eight pounds, lawful money of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, to defray the charge of transporting Mr. Dennis' family to this town, if the said Dennis shall accept the proposals the town has made ; and shall see cause to come and settle in the work of the gospel ministry among us." On the 15th of July, following, a meeting of the town was called to act on the following articles : " 1st, to choose a Moderator. 2nd, to receive the answer of Mr. John Dennis to the proposals made HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 213 him by the town for his encouragement to settle in the gospel ministry among us. 3d, to see if the town will agree to make any addition to the yearly salary whi.ch they have already voted to give to the said Mr. Dennis." At this meeting, Captain Phineas Stevens being chosen Moderator, the committee, appointed at a previous meeting, gave in Mr. Dennis' answer, which was as follows: " Honored and Beloved : — The very hearty, and unanimous in- vitation, which you have given me, to settle in the work of the gospel ministry among you, I esteem as a call in Providence for my compli- ance. I would, therefore, in the fear of God, intimate my acceptance of this, your invitation, earnestly requesting your prayers for me, that I may be found faithful unto death, and in the end receive a crown of life. I also accept of your offers of encouragement, and in many respects es- teem them generous, and handsome ; only in the article of salary, con- sidering my family is large, and will require an annual demand not less than almost any of yours, and yours are ordinarily supported with that sura : and as you are a growing people, and will have the assist- ance of the non-residents; and the sum of three pounds, six shillings and eight pence, when divided among many, will be no great additional burthen, I hope you will be willing to divide the honor of giving, with the annual comfort of receiving that sum, in way of augmentation be- tween us, which is all at present. Yours to serve in the faith and fellowship of the gospel, John Dennis. Charlestown, New-Hampshire, July the 15th, 1754." The meeting then " Voted, that the town will allow, as an addition to the annual salary they have already voted to Mr. John Dennis, at their last meeting, the sum of three pounds six shillings and eight pence, silver money, at six shillings and eight pence per ounce, as is requested by him, in his an- swer to the proposals made him by the town." This vote was carried to Mr. Dennis, from the town, and Mr. Dennis was pleased to return the following answer, in writing, viz. — "Honored and Beloved: — Your further addition to my salary according to' your vote in answer to my request in that behalf, con- firms my sentiments of your regard. Accordingly, I accept this, as a 214 HISTOKY OP CHARLESTOWN. renewed instance, with all suitable gratitude, and thankfulness ; which is all at present. From yours, to serve you in the faith and fellowship of the gospel, John Dennis. Charlestown, N. H., July 15th, 1754." In addition to the above proceedings of the town, found on the 9th, 10, 11th, 12th and 13th pages of the first book of the town records, we find the proprietors in a series of legally notified meetings, taking the following concurrent action : At a legal meeting of the proprietors held August 15th, 1754, we find them passing the following votes. " Voted, that the Proprietors will be at the charge of settling Mr. John Dennis in the work of the ministry amongst us. Voted, that the sum of 350 pounds old Tenor, equal to Spanish dol- lars at 45 shillings, per dollar, be raised and assessed on the proprie- tors for building Mr. Dennis a house, and for fitting and sowing his land. Voted, that Peter Labaree, Mr. Seth Walker, and Ebenezer Putnam, be a committee, to see that the house voted to be built for Mr. Dennis, be forwarded and perfected; viz., the body of the" house set up, and the roof covered by the last day of September next. Voted, that the sum of 16s old Tenor, be allowed to common labor- ing men per day, and that a carpenter be allowed 25s. per day. Voted, that any man, who shall provide boards, shingles, or other materials needful for said building, shall be allowed the common price for the same ; and that the committee be directed to receive of any person or persons, as aforesaid, so far as they may be needful for said building, provided he does not provide more than to pay his or their rates. Voted, that the Proprietors will be at tlie charge of providing for the ministers, and delegates that are sent for to assist in the ordination of Mr. Dennis. Voted, that John Hastings, Ensign David Farnsworth, and Lieu- tenant John Sawyer, be a committee to agree with some suitable per- son to provide for the ministers and delegates aforesaid. Voted, that Peter Labaree, John Hastings, and Thomas Adams, be assessors to make the rates above voted. Voted, that Peter Labaree be a collector to collect the same." HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 215 This was on the 4th of August, 1754. On the 30th Peter Labaree, Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, &c., were taken prisoners by the Indians, (see James Johnson). Another collector was therefore required in his place ; and at a legal meeting held at the Fort, January 8th, 1755, Benjamin Allen was appointed to this office ; and instead of the for- mer Committee of assessors Thomas Adams, Ebenezer Putnam, and William Heywood were substituted. It was contemplated at the time the call was given to Mr. Dennis, that his ordination should take place at Charlestown, but danger be- ing apprehended from the Indians, it was ultimately thought best that the councU should be held at Northfield, Massachusetts, and Cap- tain Samuel Hunt of Northfield, father of the distinguished Colonel Samuel Hunt, subsequently of Charlestown, was engaged to entertain the ministers and delegates who should attend. The Council met at Northfield, Mass., December 4th, 1754, where a church was organized of persons belonging to Charlestown, who had previously subscribed to a covenant, which the Council approved ; and the following was forwarded by the scribe, to be inserted in the town Records. " To Mr. John Hastings, Clerk of Charlestown in New-Hampshire, Sir : Please to insert the following certificate in your records. These may certify that Mr. John Dennis, was ordained a minister of the gospel, and had charge of the church of Charlestown in New- Hampshire committed to him on the 4th of December, 1754, by El- ders of the Churches of Swanzey, Sunderland, Deerfield, Hatfield and Northfield. Attest, Jonathan Ashley, Scribe." The ministry of Mr. Dennis thus auspiciously begun, was brought to a termination in a year, and a little less than four months ; as he was dismissed March, 31st, 1756. Through imprudences on his part, dissatisfaction very soon arose, which resulted in difficulties which rendered it best that the pastoral relation should be dissolved. This was done by an ecclesiastical council, mutually invited by Mr. Dennis and the I town, consisting of the following Pastors, viz.. Rev. Ezra Carpenter, of Keene and Swanzey ; Rev. Joseph Ashley of Sunder- land ; Rev. Jonathan Ashley of Hatfield ; Rev. Timothy Woodbridge, of Deerfield ; and Rev. John Hubbard of Northfield. Both the conduct and course pursued by Mr. Dennis, were severely censured by the Council, who went so far as to say to the people of 216 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. the town, that " They thought it a favorable Providence that he had left them." According to previous agreement, Mr. Dennis gave the following discharge to the Town of Charlestown. " Mr. Dennis' Discharge. To all persons to whom these presents may come. These are to cer- tify, that I, the subscriber, John Dennis, who was lately ordained, and set apart to the work of the gospel ministry among the people of Charlestown, on Connecticut River, in the Province of New-Hamp- shire, do hereby relinquish, remise and re-convey to the inhabitants, and Proprietors of said Charlestown, or Number Four, in the Prov- ince of New-Hampshire, all right or title to any lands that might accrue to me, in said town, either by an act of the General Court of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, or any vote or votes of the inhab- itants and Proprietors of said Charlestown, or any other way what- ever, on account of my being ordained a minister of the gospel to said people. And I do hereby forever acquit and discharge said peo- ple from all obligations to me, by virtue of any votes respecting a settlement among them as a minister of the gospel, as witness my hand and seal, this 20th day of April Anno Domini 1756. John Dennis. Signed, and sealed at Deerfield In presence of ThomasWilliams. Isaac Williams. Hampshire ss, Deerfield, April, 20, 1756. Then Mr. John Dennis, subscriber to the foregoing instrument, ac- knowledged the same to be his act and deed. Before me, Isaaa Williams, Justice of the Peace." (See page 17 First B. T. Records). After leaving Charlestown Mr. Dennis became pastor of the South Precinct of Harwich, Mass., where he continued till 1760, when he resigned his pastorate and brought an action in Court for the stipend which the Precinct had promised him, but which he alleged had not been paid; after which, nothing is known of him save that he died September 2nd, in 1773, having nearly completed his 65th year, but at what place^as hot been ascertained. In his acceptance of his call to Charlestown, Mr. Dennis makes al- HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 217 lusion to his large family. His children, by his wife Ruth, were as fol- lows: I. John ; II. "William ; III. Nathan ; IV. Moses ; V. Martha, who married Abraham Safford. VI. Elizabeth, who married Benjamin Griffin ; VII. Lucy, who married William Roberts. After the dismission of Mr. Dennis, the times, on account of the war, were very much disturbed and the citizens of the town did not for some time attempt again to secure the ministrations of the gospel. That they had preaching occasionally, for a Sabbath or two, by the neighboring ministers, is probable, but no stated or regular supply be- fore the advent of Mr. Olcott, SECOND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. CHAPTER XIV. Ancestors opMk. Olcott and the Olcott family— Bulkley Olcott— His education— Settlement in Charlestown— Church ke-organized AT the time of his settlemen'i>-His usefulness — Honors conferred UPON him— His family— Account of his death— Dan Foster and THE history of the Church till the incorporation of South ' Parish. EV. Bulkley Olcott, the 2nd settled minister of Charlestown, was descended from Thomas Olcott, who emigrated from England, about the year 1635, and became one of the first settlers of Hartford, Connecticut where he died in 1654, at the age of about 45 years. He had five children; from Thomas, Jr., the eldest of whom, the line of descent of the subject of this memoir, is traced as follows : Thomas Olcott, son of Thomas Olcott, Jr., married a lady whose Christian name was Mary, and, like his father, settled in Hartford. There were six children by this marriage ; of whom Timothy, the young- est, was born in 1677. Timothy married and settled first in Coventry Connecticut, but afterwards, removed to Bolton, in the same state, where he became an officer in the Church. He died greatly respected, April 5th, 1754. The eldest son of Deacon Timothy Olcott, Timothy Olcott, Jr., born in 1703, married, Nov. 31st, 1732, Eunice "White, of Hatfield, Massa- chusetts and died January 5th, 1746, at the age of 43. By this mar- riage there were seven children ; Bulkley, born October 28th, 1733 ; Simeon, born October 1st, 1735 ; Eunice, born. May 15th, 1737 ; Sarah, born in 1739 ; Timothy, in 1741 ; Elias, born February 28th, 1744 ; Hannah (posthumous) born April 19th, 1747. Four of the above, Bulkley, Simeon, (see Honorable Simeon Olcott,) Sarah, and HISTORY OP CHARLESTOWN. 219 Hannah, ultimately settled in Charlestown, of whom Bulkley and Simeon were for many years, among the most prominent men and use- ful citizens. Bulkley Olcott graduated at Yale College, in 1758 ; at which time he was about 25 years of age. With whom he studied for the min- istry has not been ascertained. The following is the first account which we have of him in connection with his ministry in Charlestown. "At a legal meeting of the town, held at the Old Fort, on the 11th day of August, 1760, it was voted, that the town will choose a Com- mittee to go and discourse with Mr. Olcott, and see whether he will be prevailed upon to stay and preach with us a longer time ; and that Lieutenant Isaac Parker, John Hastings, Seth Walker, Lieutenant John Sawyer, Mr. Seth Putnam, Captain John SpafFord, Peter Laba- ree, (and) William Hey wood, be a committee to discourse with Mr. Ol- cott on the premises." It appears that at this time he had preached only a few sabbaths ; but that, in accordance with the wishes of the people, he readily con- sented to remain with them longer ; and that he still continued to make a favorable impression may be inferred from the fact that, on the 14th of November following, the town extended to him a regular call for settlement. The salary offered was the whole of the right of land commonly called the ministerial right, which Mr. Dennis had relin- quished, and one hundred pounds lawful money of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. But this salary was not satisfactory ; and in ad- dition to the ministerial right, in the place of the one hundred pounds, the following votes were substituted. " Voted, that the town give Mr. Olcott the sum of forty-five pounds sterling or silver or gold equiva- lent thereto, for the first year ; after the first year the town will add to his salary the sum of thirty shillings per annum, until his salary shall amount to the sum of sixty pounds sterling, or silver or gold equiva- lent; which sum to be his stated or standing salary during the time he shall continue to be our minister ; the one half of the above men- tioned salary to be paid him at the end of half a year after he shall accept of our proposals ; the other half at the year's end and so year- ly, the time he shall continue our minister." In addition to the above it was " voted that the town will give or provide Mr. Olcott thirty cords of wood, annually brought to his door, during the time he shall continue to be our minister: to begin to provide him his wood, as above-said at the time he shall keep house by himself." 220 HISTORY OE CHAELESTOWN. Messrs. Ebenezer Putnam, Joel Matthews, and Lieutenant Parker, were appointed a committee to wait on Mr. Olcott with these votes, which they did, and received his answer as follows. " Charlestown in New-Hampshire, Feb. 17, 1761. The church and congregation in this town having given me a call to labor with them in the work of the ministry, and this being the day proposed to give them an answer, I have therefore determined in the fear of God, and having my reliance upon Christ, the great head of the church, to accept of their call, and settle with them in the work of the ministry, if nothing shall appear, betwixt this and the time of my ordination, to set my duty in a different light. BuLKLEY Olcott." On this, another meeting of the town was called on the 20th of April, 1761 ; and the following persons were appointed a committee to consult with Mr. Olcott in reference to his ordination ; viz., Mr. Seth Walker, John Hastings, Captain Spafford, Lieutenant Parker, and Ebenezer Putnam. This committee was also authorized to agree with some suitable person, or perscms to provide entertainment for the ministers and delegates, who should be invited to assist at the ordina- tion. The ordination took place on the 28th of May, 1761 ; but who com- posed the council or took part in tlie service, owing to the loss of the Church records in the burning of the house of Rev. Dr. Crosby, can- not now be ascertained ; but very probably most of the churches were represented in the council, which had been represented previously in the ordination of Mr. Dennis. Such had been the changes in Charlestown, owing to the war and the circumstances of the dismission of Mr. Dennis, that it was deemed best, at the ordination and installation of Mr. Olcott, that a new Church should be organized, which was accordingly done. This con- sisted, so far as males were concerned, of Mr. Olcott and ten others ; viz. Isaac Parker, Seth Walker, Seth Putnam, Stephen Farnsworth, Ebenezer Putnam, Thomas Putnam, Joel Matthews, William Hey- wood, and John Spafford. Of this Church Ebenezer Putnam was in- stalled the first Deacon. The female members owing to the loss of the Church records cannot now be ascertained. On the 11th of August, 1760, before the settlement of Mr. Olcott, the town voted to build a log house for public worship, of the following dimensions, viz.: 34 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 8 feet between joints; HISTORY OF CIIARLESTOAVN. 221 and to place it on meeting house hill. They voted also twenty pounds lawful money to be levied on the inhabitants for building the house, provided so much should be needed. A committee was appoint- ed to see to, and forward the building, with directions that it should be completed by the last day of the following September. On the 17th day of the following October,~the town voted, to raise the fur- ther sum of ten pounds lawful money for the purpose of " finishing the house so far as to build seats, glaze the house, finish the pulpit, so far as needful, make window shutters, and calk the said house." On the restoration of peace in 1763, when the long continued fears of the people had at length become fully quieted, they instituted prepa- rations for the erection of a building, more suitable to their growing condition and the circumstances of the times. It was to be forty- eight feet long, thirty-eight wide, and twenty-five between posts. For this purpose they raised the sum of sixty pounds. " Of the progress of the work for more than two years and a half from its commencement," says Dr. Crosby in his Annals, " we have merely the information that a preparation of materials and the selection of a site for the building were the only results of their exertions. In August, 1765, some unex- pected occurrences, probably deficiencies in means, so weakened the hands of the builders, that the work ceased till October, 1767. At this period they resumed the work, and again obtained a vote, to raise the sum of sixty pounds. In December of the same year, a <;5mmittee was appointed to superintend the erection and covering of the fVarae. By gradual progression, it became a place of worship in 1768." Dr. Crosby then adds, " thirty and five years was this temple in building ; for accessions and renovations continued till 1798, when it received its last repairs and last additions.'' At the time of the settlement of Mr. Olcott, the nearest ministers were at Northfield, and at Swanzey and Keene; and thougli Charles- town had been settled over twenty years, these places, even then, could not be easily reached. The little church, over which he was ordained, was really, then, without the use of a figure, a church in the wilder- ness, though it was not destined to be so long ; for very soon, under the changes that resulted from the reduction and conquest of the Canadas, the settlements, both north and west, began very rapidly to multiply and increase ; and such was the desire of the people for the privileges of the gospel, that wherever in a township a few families were gath- ered, measures were early taken for the employment and settlement of a minister; and Mr. Olcott was the man to whom all the surrounding 222 HISTORY OF CHAELESTOWN. communities looked for counsel and advice. On the 10th of June fol- lowing the ordination of Mr. Olcott, a church was formed at Walpole, and Rev.. Jonathan Leavitt was ordained over it. In 1763, 3, church was formed in Hinsdale, and Rev. Bunker Gay, a graduate of Har- vard college in 1760 was made its pastor. In 1764 November 7th, a church was organized in Westmoreland, and Rev. AVilliam Goddard, a graduate of Harvard in 1761, was settled the same day. In 1768, a church was also formed at Cornish, under Rev. James Wellman, who had previously been pastor in Sutton, Massachusetts, where many of his parishioners had originally lived, and who called him to be their minister on that account. Thus the church at Charles- town was not long a solitary church on the Connecticut River in New- Hampshire, but was permitted to rejoice in the fellowship of others of the same communion. As the earliest settled minister in the region, Mr. Olcott usually had a very important part to perform in the organ- ization of all the new churches. Nor did he cease to exercise a wide and beneficent influence in establishing churches, and introducing ministers into the new settlements, till at the close of nearly thirty- three years of active ministerial life he was called to rest from his la- bors. By the settlement of Mr. Dennis, great injury undoubtedly accrued. The example and life of Mr. Olcott, on the contrary, greatly contribu- ted both ito the spiritual good and temporal prosperity of the place. He was an able and faithful minister, whose mind never lost the equi- librium of good sense, and whose counsels, therefore, were so judicious that they were always acceptable, whether they related to the interests of the church or the afiairs of the town. No important matter, there- fore, could come up for consideration, or be undertaken in the commu- nity, in relation to which his opinion and advice had not previously blen sought. This confidence of the people reposed in him greatly enlarged his usefulness among them, and gave him frequent opportu- nities of benefiting them in matters not usually considered as lying within the sphere of ministerial duties. It was no unmerited praise, then, which was bestowed, when it was said of him, that " During his whole ministry his solicitude for the happiness of his parishioners was conspicuous in the benefits which he conferred." The ability of Mr. Olcott was duly acknowledged, not only by his own immediate people, but in all the country around. When in the second union with Vermont, of the towns lying east of the Connecticut River, the Vermont Legislature met at Charlestowu, October 11th HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 223 1781, Mr. Olcott was appoiuted to preach the election sermon, and was also made chaplain of the assembly for the session. In 1786 , the honorary degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth college, which was the highest degree conferred for many years after the establishment of that institution. At the ^meeting of the New- Hampshire Legislature at Charlestown, in 1787, Mr. Olcott was hon- ored with the chaplaincy as he had been previously by Vermont. In 1788, he was.appointed a trustee of Dartmouth college, in which office he continued till his decease. He was moreover honored by the courts with an invitation to open their daily sessions with religious exercises whenever they met in Charlestown. It, is the habit of some persons, because the early inhabitants of our townships were not blest with the privileges which they enjoy, to as- sume that they were ignorant and characterized by a want of refine- ment. Such an assumption, so far as Charlestown is concerned, would be neither just, nor in accordance with facts. For whoever knows anything of the character of its early inhabitants, or the stat^of its society, during a considerable portion of Mr. Olcott's ministry, must, at least, be convinced that there was in his congregation a class of persons who possessed a degree of mental cultivation, refinement, and dignity of manners, which has not since been surpassed. When we consider that Mr. Olcott was constantly called to preach to such men as Honorable Simeon Olcott, Honorable Benjamin West, Honorable Samuel Stevens, Honorable John Hubbard, Dr. William Page, Dr. Samuel Crosby, and Colonels Samuel Hunt and William Heywood, we shall understand that the ability which could give satisfaction to an audience of which they were members, from year to year, could not have been inconsiderable. Yet we have reason to believe that satis- faction was not only given, but a profound respect for his talents and services inspired. As has already been intimated, Mr. Olcott became an efficient agent in helping forward the prosperity of the place. Under the in- fluence of his guiding and directing mind, the church prospered, edu- cation made progress, and society became both more cultivated and orderly ; and he did much in every respect by his instrumentality for laying that foundation of prosperity and respectability, which the town for a long series of years, so abundantly enjoyed. As Mr. Olcott was established in Charlestown anterior to the set- tlement of the townships, on the north and west, he was often called upon, before they obtained pastors, to attend weddings and funerals at 224 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. a great distance. In such cases, guides were usually despatched to conduct him to the places where his services were required; and when the services were over, to accompany him back again. This be- came necessary, inasmuch as the roads were only bridle paths, and there was danger, without such guidance, of his getting lost' in the in- tricacies of the forest. It is a tradition, that he was thus conducted to solemnize the first marriage which ever took place in Claremont. Moses Spafford had built a log house, and had brought to it his in- tended, who was desirous of seeing the place where she was to live, before the nuptial ceremony was performed. It was a very rude structure, with a stationary pine-board table, and no fiirniture but such as Moses had made, and the utensils for house keeping were not many, nor elegant. Yet with the superadded idea that Moses would be her constant companion, all was pronounced very good ; and it was agreed between them that Moses should go to Charlestown and bring up Mr. Olcott to perform the marriage service. When he was about starting, the lady reminded him that they had nothing to drink in the house, and that as Mr. Olcott might be faint on his arrival, it might be well for him to take a bottle and get a pint at Charlestown. This was accordingly done ; and Mr. Olcott, on his arrival, was treated to a generous glass of Blackstrap. He then solemnized the marriage, and after partaking of some refreshments was re-conducted to his home in Charlestown in the same way that he had come. The earliest issue by this marriage, was the first white child born in Claremont, to whom the parents gave the good old name of Elijah. Eev. Bulkley Olcott, married Martha Pomeroy, daughter of Colonel Seth Pomeroy of Northampton, Massachusetts. His children by this marriage were, I. Theodosia, who married Honorable Lewis E. Morris of Spring- field, Vermont ; who was from May 15th, 1797, to March 3d, 1803, rep- resentative in Congress from that State. II. Martha, who married Jacob Smith, a respectable lawyer of Eoyalton, Vermont. Mr. Smith graduated at Dartmouth college in 1790, and die ■XI m xo —i o HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 267 of the duty of their office ; a majority of said Trustees shall be a quo- rum for transactiug business. Aeticle 3d. All monies raised, or otherwise necessary to the parish , shall, when collected, be paid to the Treasurer, and be, by him, paid out ■when requested, either by vote of the parish or order of the Trustees. The Treasurer shall give bond to the parish, with one or more securities, to the approbation of the Trustees, in the full sum of one thousand dol- lars, for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office. He shall al- so keep in a book, provided for that purpose, fair entries of all sums by him received and advanced for the use of the parish. Article 4th. The clerk shall record all the proceedings of the par- ish in a book for that purpose to be provided. He shall be sworn to the faithful discharge of the duties of his office. Article 5th. Meetings of the parish may, at any time, be called by the Trustees ; notice of the time and place and of the business to be act- ed upon being posted at the front door of the said parish meeting house, at least fifteen days prior to the time of holding such meeting or meetings ; or meetings may be called by seven members and freeholders of said parish making application, in writing, to the Clerk of the parish, and notice being as before mentioned." The following persons were chosen the first Trustees of this society, viz. — Moses Wheeler, Joseph Farwell and Joseph Willson. The first tax-biU of the society contained eighty-one names, and the total amount raised was $ 151.88. It does not appear that there was any church in connection with which this money was expended ; but it was probably laid out by the Committee in such a manner as- to satisfy as well as they could the denominational feelings of the parish. There were, in addi- tion to the Congregationalists, at that time, in the parish. Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists and a considerable number of Universalists ; also some who thought preaching of any kind not worth the money which they had to pay for it. I have not been able to find any record of the manner in which the money was expended : but it is evident that the parish were not so much profited as to make their religious charities abound for the following year, inasmuch, as the amount raised in 1811 was only $ 22.20. This was paid by seventy-six individuals. Thus the in- habitants of the North Parish could almost feel that their religious priv- ileges, such as they were, were without money and without price. Ouly two persons, Jonathan Grout and Joseph Farwell, paid a tax of over one dollar. Twenty-four others paid a tax of less than ten cents each. The smallest tax paid was three cents. Joseph Willson, Shubael Gris- 268 HISTORY OF CHARLBSTOWN. ■wold and Alpheus Nichols were the Trustees of the parish. This year William Hamlin, Josiah Hart, Wise Grinnel and Timothy Putnam, Jr. asked to be released from the payment of their taxes, and it appears that their request was granted. They ■probably paid their taxes at the South Parish. The following disposal was made of the money raised : Jonas Lynds and Alpheus Nichols, for service (the particulars not specified) were paid $ 6.41 ; Jonathan Grout, for service as collector was paid $ 2.00 ; Charles Westcott, Clerk, 75 cts.; Moses Wheeler, Trustee, % 2.50 ; Eob- ertEand, Treasurer, $ 1.70 ; Timothy Carleton, as Clerk, $ 1.75; Joseph Willson, Trustee, $ 7.75. Thus the expenses of the parish, without any preaching, were a trifle over the amount of money raised. January 29th, 1812, the society or parish raised $ 25.28. September, the same year, they also raised $ 88.23. February, 1813, $ 36.27 were raised. They made no further tax till August, 1815, when $ 135.00 were raised. From this money $ 21.00 was paid to Mr. Scales for preach- ing ; $ 5.00 to Mr. White ; $ 12.00 for two days, to Mr. Smiley ; $ 31.25 was paid Shubael Griswold for building a hearse house. The remainder went for parish expenses. We find no other tax-bill till 1818, when $ 103.53 was raised ; the following sums from which, were paid out for preaching : $ 12.00 to Mr. Otis; $ 25.00 to Mr. Bartlett; $4.00 to Mr. Taylor, for preaching two days ; $ 28.00 to Mr. Smiley. The remainder went to pay inciden- tal expenses. , The date of the next tax-bill is 1820, in which year $ 32.50 were raised. The expenses of the parish were within a trifle of $ 28.00, which would leave a little over $ 4.00 to pay for preaching, if they had any. The next tax-bill was for the year 1824, and amounted to $ 32.36 ; no particulars as to expenditure given. The tax-bill for 1825 was $ 157.00. Of this money, we find that $ 1 25.00 went to pay for painting the meeting house, and the remainder for other expenses ; so that it does not appear that they had any preach- ing. The next tax-bill was for the j'ear 1830, and the amount $ 52.50. No record is given of expenditures. This was the last tax-bill ; yet meetings of the parish continued to be notified till 1838, when its mission seems to have been fully accomplished. A brief uotice has thus been given of the Incorporation and proceed- ings of the North Parish, But the North part of the town has a previous HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. 269 religious history of sufficient interest to require a brief review. Ow- ing to the extreme length of the township, the inhabitants, at the Northern portion of it, were very inconveniently situated for the im- provement of their religious privileges, especially, if the services were all the time to be held at the village. A movement was therefore, made towards the close of the ministry of Mr. Olcott, to have some arrangement, through which services might be secured at the North end of the town, a certain portion of the time. This, in addition to complaints, that the villagers had laid claim to, and appropriated more than their share of the privileges belonging to them, induced Honorable Simeon Olcott, and some others, to believe that a division of the town would be for the peace and happiness of all concerned. He, therefore, petitioned the General Court, for ^ division of the town- ship ; who appointed a committee to take the matter into considera- tion. It ultimately appeared, however, that the inhabitants of the town were not prepared for a separation, inasmuch as, at their annual town meeting, held ou the 12th of March, 1794, they voted by one hundred and fifty-two nays, to one hundred and twelve yeas, against a division. Subsequent to the decease of Mr. Olcott, the town made no provis- ion for preaching for several years. Rev. Dan Foster was then em- ployed. August 27th, 1801, the following vote was passed ; " Voted, that the sum of $ 300 be raised, and assessed to pay the Rev. Dan Foster for a year's preaching, from the end of his present year." From this; it appears, he had preached the year previous. He was, after- wards, hired with considerable regularity, till a few months preced- ing his death. But almost immediately on the revival of religious services, came up the old question of a division of those services, be- tween the village and the north end. And nearly consentaneous with this, a movement was initiated for the erection of a meeting house in the latter portion of the town ; which after some little delay and dis- cussion, resulted in the appointment of Moses Wheeler, Jr., Timothy Holden, and Ephraira Carpenter, as a committee, on the part of the town, to build the house. This committee, with the authority, thus conferred upon them, erected the house, and partially finished it ; when at a legal meeting held May 11th, 1803, Oliver Hall and William Briggs were appointed a committee, on the part of the town, to settle with them, and thereupon report to the town. The following is their report. 270 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWjV. "To THE Town of Chaelestown. The committee appointed to settle with Moses Wheeler, jr., Timothy Holden, and Ephraim Carpenter, a committee heretofore appointed to build a meeting house at the north part of said town, Report 1st. That the following debts have been contracted and al- lowed by said committee, as demands against said town; to wit, Jo- siah Hart on the first contract, sixteen hundred dollars ; to Robert Rand seventy dollars and ten cents ; to Hubbard Glidden, thirteen dollars and twelve . cents ; to Jonathan Grout four dollars and forty- eight cents; to Josiah Hart and others as balance between building the Porches and the worth of four pews given him for that purpose, seventy dollars ; to Moses Wheeler, jr., eighty-three dollars and fifty- six cents ; to Timothy Holden, fifty dollars and ninety-seven cents ; to Ephraim Carpenter, fourteen dollars and sixty-three cents ; amounting in the whole to one thousand nine hundred and six dollars and eighty- six cents. Report 2dly. That the paw ground in said meeting-house was sold, for the sum of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-one dollars and twenty-five cents. Report 3dly. That the former committee have paid, in part of the above demand, to Josiah Hart, twelve hundred nineteen dollars and seventy-four cents ; to Robert Rand, sixty-six dollars forty-five cents ; to Hubbard. Glidden, thirteen dollars twelve cents; to Jonathan Grout, four dollars fifty-eight cents ; to Moses Wheeler, jr., seventy- nine dollars and forty-seven cents ; to Timothy Holden, forty-five dol- lars and forty-seven cents ; amounting in the whole to fourteen hun- dred twenty-eight dollars and seventy-three cents; and that there are notes of hand against purchasers of pews, to the amount of two hundred and sixty-nine dollars and ten cents ; which leaves a balance in the hands of the former committee, of eighty-four dollars and forty- two cents. Report 4thly. That pew number sixteen, on the lower floor is the property of this town ; all which is submitted by Oliver Hall, ) ^ .^, „ Wm. Briggs. } Committee. This house had a steeple which was not built by the town, but by a company of persons in the parish who were its owners. It was a num- ber of years after it was commenced before it was completed. Appli- cation was made to the town at several town meetings, for pecuniary niSTOKY OF CUARLESTOWN. 271 aid for fiuisliing it, which does not appear to have been granted. From 1803 to 1810, a portion of the money raised for preaching was laid out for supplying this part of the town. In 1810, the town hav- ing been divided into two parishes, this arrangement of course was closed and the history of the parish thereupon formed has been given. The meeting-house, above described, was situated on the Unity road, about a quarter of a mile beyond the Rand place, on the oppo- site side of the road. The location was pleasant, and one who has seen much of the country informs me, that the prospect from the old belfry was among the finest he has ever seen. The color of the build- ing was a tawdry yellow, which did not render it externally, very at- tractive. Many of the generation now on the stage remember it as a time-worn and weather-beaten old building, which had ceased to be used for sacred purposes, and which had become the abode of what- ever chose to inhabit it. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. " We cannot" says Rev. George F. Wells, who has kindly furnished the following account, "give a full and complete record of the Metho dist Episcopal Church in North Charlestowu, as in the past, while the Circuit System prevailed, the Circuit included Charlestown, North Charlestown, and all the neighboring towns. In reviewing the past, we find New Grantham Circuit first on record ; which included North Charlestown, with Elijah Hedding, as Presiding Elder; and Caleb Dustin as Itinerant Preacher. This was in 1809. In 1810, a Society was formed in Charlestown by Rev. Philip Ayer. This Circuit Sys- tem prevailed, changing in name from New Grantham to Claremont, and then from Claremont to Unity Circuit, till 1839. A legal Society however was formed previous to that time. This embraced the follow- ing persons associated (according to an act of the Legislature passed July 3d, 1827.) viz. Jacob Wright, Nathan Howard, John Metcalf, J. B. Hubbard, and Thomas Whipple. Since that time the Church and Society have had the following preachers. In 1836, Rev. Zeb. Twitchel ; 1837—38, Rev. Amos Kid- der ; 1839, Rev. Silas Quimby ; 1840-41-42, Rev. Benjamin C. East- man. The present Church edifice was built in 1841, in the 2d year of Mr. Eastman's ministry. During the ministry of Mr. Eastman, also, the Parsonage came into the possession of the Society. This came by a bequest, of Miss Levina Gay, at her decease in 1839. And through this, it may be said of her, as of one of old, she, " being dead yet 272 HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN. speaketh." In 1843, Rev. Samuel A. Gushing ministered to the Church ; in 1844, Rev. Amon S. Tenney. In 1845, the Church was supplied by Rev. G. W. Y. Rogers ; and in 1846, by Rev. Thomas H. Rood ; 1847, Rev. Stephen Eastman ministered to them ; 1848, Rev. Jared Perkins; 1849, Rev. Richard Newhall; 1850-51, Rev. Matthew Newhall ; 1852-53, Rev. Simeon P. Heath ; 1854, Rev. Charles H. Chase ; 1855-56, Rev. Nelson Martin ; 1857, Rev. John English ; 1858- 59, Rev. R. Edmund Danforth ; 1860-61, Rev. Joseph Faucet ; 1862, supplied by Rev. A. C. Button ; 1863-64-65, Rev. Silas Quimby min- istered to them ; 1866-67, Rev. Lucien W. Prescot ; 1868, Rev. Sam- uel J. Robinson ; 1869-70-71, Rev. Joseph H. Hilman ; 1872, Rev. Andrew L. Kendall; 1873-74, Rev. Charles E. Rogers; 1875, Rev. Geo. F. Wells." This Church, though forty years have passed since its organization, has still little numerical strength. The moral and spiritual influences however, which it has exerted, have been healthful and good. Its ministry have been men for the most part, whose characters have been without reproach, and have sho'Wn by the diligence, fidelity, and zeal, with which they have labored, an earnest devotion to their work. It would be improper to institute comparisons between them, by attempt- ing to set apart to each the particular portion of the work, which he was enabled to accomplish; for iu ministries, extending over so brief a period, the results which may have appeared in one, if traced to their causes, would frequently be found to be mainly attributable to the ministry that had preceded it. It may be allowable to say, however, that the first years of the Church, to the close of Elder Benjamin C. Eastman's ministry, are remembered as a time when divine influences were peculiarly manifest, and the Great Head of the Church vouch- safed them a prosperity such as they have not often enjoyed since. This Church is the ouly one now located in the northern portion of the town. It has several members in other parts of the town, who con- tribute to its support, but who worship for the most part with other churches. Its present Pastor ministers a part of the time to the Church iu Unity ; but, if I am rightly informed, all the pastors, here- tofore, certainly for a considerable number of years', have devoted their labors to this one Church. GENEALOGIES AND HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF CHAELESTOWN FAMILIES. INTRODUCTION. The material in the following pages has been gathered from a great number of sources ; Town Eecords, Church Eecords, Family Eecords and Eecords on tombstones have contributed to the information which they contain. In relation to the families of the early settlers, many facts have been gleaned from the Eecords of Groton, Pepperell, Shir- ley, Lunenburg,, Eutland, Deerfield, Hadley, Northampton and North- field, Massachusetts ; and from those of Mansfield, Enfield and other towns in Connecticut. The later records have been sought from every source, where it has been deemed probable that any correct information could be obtained. In all the records no endeavors have been omitted to secure correctness. Some errors, however, will probably be found, but the compiler will be disappointed if the result, on the whole, shall not be satisfactory. The plan adopted, in the arrangement of families, is one that has been often employed and is explained as follows : The male head of any family, first settling in the place, is put in small capitals ; the children of the first settler, whether they came with him, or were afterwards born in town, are preceded by Eoman numerals ; the grand-children are preceded by Arabic numerals ; the great-grand- children by Arabic numerals in parentheses ; the great-great-grand- 274 INTRODUCTION. children by Arabic numerals in brackets ; the great-great-great-grand- children, or sixth generation, by Arabic numerals with a star*. We give an example from the family of Seth Putnam : Seth Putnam, first settler. * V. Timothy, fifth child. 1. Timothy, jr, first grand-child. (10) John, tenth great-grand-child. [4] Wesley D, fourth great-great-grandchild. 1* Mary Belle, first great-great-great-grand-child. In this arrangement also, it may be important to say, that one line of descent, or one branch of the family is followed out at a time. — For ex- ample, Ebenezer Putnam was the eldest son of Seth ; his children are, therefore given, and grand-children, &c., down to the latest generation, before any account is given of the second child. The families, therefore, are all preserved in their order, except in the case of daughters whose families are given in the genealogical line of their husbands, to which the reader is referred. The registers of families, noticed in this work, are arranged, accord- ing to the family name, in alphabetical order, with the exception of those of the pastors and ministers of the churches, which it has been found con- venient to insert in connection with the history of the churches to which, as pastors, they severally ministered. GENEALOGIES. Israel Abbott, b. in Wilton, N. H. Jan.*29th, 1771; d. in Charles- town Feb. 26th, 1840 ; m. Alice Baker, b. May 1st, 1789 ; d. in White- field, N. H. Aug. 1st, 1858. Israel Abbott settled in Charlestown in March, 1807.' Ch. I. Israel, jr., b. Nov. 13th, 1791 ; d. in Putney, Vt., Jan. 1st, 1867 ; m., 1st, Lydia Kittredge ; m., 2ud Phebe Pierce ; had six children. II. Levi, b. Jan. 24th, 1794; d. Jan. 20th, 1867 ; m., twice ; had four child- ren. III. Isaac, b. Sept. 20th, 1796 ; m. Susan Labaree who d. in Lan- caster, N. H., 1870. They had five children. He is still living (Aug., 1875) at Lancaster. IV. and V. Joseph and Benjamiu, twins, b. Aug. 11th, i798. Joseph d. July 19th, 1816 while at work in the field alone. Benjamin m. and had six children ; d. Sept. 1864. VI. Lura, b July 7th, 1800 ; m. Oct. 15th, 1822, Ira Gowing at Charlestown, N. H.; had three children ; d. 1856. VII. Tryphena F., b. March 27th, 1803 ; m. Jan. 2nd, 1828, Willard Bowman, of Littleton, N. H.; had seven child- ren ; d. 1870. VIIL Harvey, b., in Acworth, Dec. 28th, 1804; m. Oct»4th, 1831, Sophronia Hews, (dau. of Dea Abraham Hews, of Weston, Mass.) b. June 1st, 1804. Ch.: 1. George H. b. in Whitefield, N. H. Sept. 29th, 1832 ; d. Apr. 16th, 1865; 2. Warren, b. in Whitefield, N. H., Mar. 14th, 1834; m., Nov. 2nd, 1858, Relief Bosworth, (dau. of Samuel and Lenora Bosworth) b. in Charlestown, June 22ud, 1838. Ch. (1) Susie C. b. in Charlestown, Aug. 18th, 1859 ; (2) Martha E., b. in Charlestown, Sept. 27th, 1860. Warren Abbott was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion (see Soldiers) ; removed to Vineland, N. J. after the war, and from there to Keene, N. H. where he now (March, 1S76) resides ; 3. Charles, b. in Whitefield, N. H., Aug. IQth, 1835 ; m., 1st, May 29th, 1860, Sarah J. Anderson, (dau. of Samuel and Jane Ander- son, of Acworth, N. H.) Ch. (1) Jennie S., b. in Windsor, Vt. Nov. 21st, 1861 ; (2) Sarah A., b. in Windsor, Vt., Sept. 10th, 1866; lived only ten days. Mrs. Sarah J. Abbott d. Sept. 10th, 1866. Mr. Abbott m., 2nd, Jan. 30th, 1869, at Charlestown, Mrs. Sarah A. Lyon, (dau. of Silas and Alice Bond, of Charlestown ; see Bond) ; 4. Ellen M., b. July 23d, 1837, in Whitefield, N. H.; 5. Edward, b. Jan. 7th, 1839, in Whitefield, N. H.; d. May 10th, 1849 ; 6. Albe A. b, Oct. 18th, 1840, in Whitefield, N. H.; d. Sept. 28th, 1841 ; 7. Martha, b. Aug. 16th, 1842, in Whitefield, N. H.; d. Aug.-lOth, 1846. 276 ADAMS. Harvey Abbott, whose family are given above, resided some years in Charlestown, wliere he became so reputable a citizen that he was elect- ed 1st representative for the years 1861-'62. He removed from Charles-* town to Vineland, N. J., and from thence to Keene, N. H., where he now resides (March, 1876) with all his family who are living. IX. Alice, b. Jan. 30th, 1807, at Acworth, N. H.; m., Jan. 16th, 1828, Silas Bond ; had six children ; d. 1860; X. Sophronia, b. June 20th, 1809 ; m.. May 2nd, 1830, Baker Dodge; has had six children, and is living in Whitefield, N. H. JoHK QuiNCY Adams, m. Esther Jane Taylor and settled in that part of Charlestown which was afterwards set off to Langdon. Ch. I. Lewis; m., 1st, Elvira Bunday. Ch. 1. Ellen P., b. Feb. 27th, 1834; m., 1st, Charles F. Stearns ; m. 2nd, Nov. 20th, 1864, Israel G. Gibson ; 2. Norman Lewis, b. July 8th, 1838 ; m. Aug. 14th; 1,862. Hannah Maria Prouty, b June 1st, 1842. Ch. (1) Ira Alfred, b. June 5th, 1866 ; (2) Amy Mabel, b. Sept. 2ud,, 1870 ; (3) Eva Maria, b. July 13th, 1874, (See Soldiers in War of Rebellion) ; 3. John Loren Adams, b. March 3d, 1840; m., Sept. 30th, 1865, Ellen W. Prouty, (dau. of George and Mary Wilson Pro'tity, of Langdon) b. Apr. 1845. Ch. (1) Mary Elvira, b. Dec. 15th, 1 866 ; (2) Olive Amelia, b. Jan. 4th, 1868 ; (3) Edmund Loren, b. Oct. 4th, 1869 ; (4) Walter Eugene, b. Apr. 4th, 1872; 3. Charles N.; 4. Laura A.; m., Nov. 2nd, 1870, Charles H. Wright, of Langdon ; 5. Anna. II. Hannah, m Adrian Hathorue, and settled in Bridgewater, Vt.; III. Eliza, m. removed to the West and died ; IV. Albert, by trade a shoemaker, d. in Bellows Falls ; V. John, m. Lucy Stoddard, and lives in Topsfield, Mass.; VI. Susan, m. Jason Majors, of White Riv- er Village, Vt.; has had three children. Mr. Majors was killed on the railroad ; VII. Sarah, twin with Susan, d. young ; VIII. Samuel, m. Adeline Abegail Davis ; lives in Claremoiit ; has had twelve children, three living. IX..Artemas, b. June 2nd, 1823 ; m. Dec. 4th, 1845, Harriet Eliza- beth Davis, (dau. of Frederick and Lueia Davis, of Champlain, N. Y.) b. Feb. 23d, 1828. Ch. 1. Harriet E., b. Jan. 12th, 1847; m.. Jan. 1st, 1873, Milton J. Clark; lives in Langdon. One child, Harriet Mabel, b. Apr. 14th, 1874 ; 2. John Henry, b. Feb. 13th, 1849 ; m , June 28th, 1871, Mrs. Lydia (Randall) Merrill. One child, Frank Le- roy, b. Sept. 9th, 1873 ; 3. Lucia Ellen, b. Sept. 9th, 1851 ; 4. Es- ther Celena, b. March 4th, 1853; 5. Joseph K., b. Jan. 14th, 1856 ; 6. Artemas Albert, b.'May 3J, 1858; 7. Emily Ann, b. Apr. 7th, ADAMS — ALBEE. 277 1861; 8. Lewis Harley, b. May 18th, 1864 ; 9. Pliuey, b. March 21st, 1869; d. Apr. 13th, 1869; 10. Chaunoy C, b. Oct. 24th, 1872-; X. Esther Jane, m. Harley Cone, of Weathersfield, Vt.; d. Dec. 1874 ; had five children, two living; XI. Warren, b. Nov. 27th, 1827 ; ra. Aug. 17th, 1854, Sarah Brown, b. in Odletown, Canada, July, 1844. Ch. 1.' Emma Jane, b. Jan. 3d, 1856 ; 2. Ella Almira, b. Oct. 31st, 1861 ; 3. Henry E., b. Sept. 2nd, 1871 ; XII. George, d. in Charles- town. Daniel Adams, who m. Debora Cooley, was for many years a citi- zen of Charlestown, but no register of his family has been obtained. The writer has somewhere seen the remark that " His descendants are very numerous and respectable," and regrets that he has been able to i.nd no one to furnish an account of them for this work. Ezra and Dolly Adams. Ch. (Thus recorded in Town Record — name not on assessor's list) I. Almira, b. Apr. 8th, 1797 ; II. Wil- lard, b. June 6th, 1799, at Hubbardston, Mass. Eli Adams, (son of Amos t". and Philena (Goodnough) Adams) ; b. in Springfield, Vt., July 9th, 1829 ; m., Jan. 1st, 1854, Helen J. Fish, (dau. of Charles M. and Clarissa (Prouty) Fish) b. in Laugdon, Feb. 12th, 1835 ; came to CharlestowQ, 1861. Ch. I. Elsie M., b. May 14th, 1856 ; II. Willie E., b. in Charlestown, Sept. 12th, 1864. George and Betsy Adkins or Atkins. Ch. I. Seth Tuttle, h, Aug. 9th, 1794 ; II. Betsy Hart, b. Sept. 12th, 1796 ; III. George Warren, b. Jan. 6th, 1799. Levi Albee, was descended from John Albee, who was born in Mendon, Mass. John Albee had thirteen children, of whom, Simeon, the. father of Levi, was the ninth. Simeon b. in 1760,; m. Rebecca Stoddard, of Milford, Mass., b. Oct. 7th, 1767 ; he died Oct. 8th, 1848'; she died Sept. 26th, 1821. They had fifteen children, of whom, Levi, tbe sixth, settled in Charlestown, where he died Dec, 1858. Levi Albee m. Betsy Willard. Ch. I. and II. Levi William and Simeon Willard, twins, b. June 1st, 1821. Simeon WiUard m., April 5th, 1860, Harriet Marsh, (dau. of Edmund A. and Isabella (Hosmer) Marsh, of Walpole) b. Sept. 4th, 1828. Ch. 1. Edmund H., b. Nov. 15th, 1863; 2. Sarah Isabella, b. May 4th, 1866 ; 3. Harriet Hosmer, b. Aug. 23d, 1867. Dr. Levi William Albee and his brother fitted for, and entered Mid- dlebury College, at which institution they remained a year. They after- wards, for some time, pursued their studies at Philips Academy, at An- dover, Mass.) see Physicians, in Historical Miscellany.) 278 ALLEN. Edward Allen, the eldest known ancestor of the Allen family, of Charlestown, is said to have been a soldier under Cromwell, and to have come to this country upon the restoration. He was of Ipswich, in 1670, and was one of the committee for settling Suffield. Ct., for which service he received from the town, in 1678, a grant of sixty acres of land. Suf- field was settled by a colony from Massachusetts, under whose jurisdic- tion it remained until 1752. Probably Allen was one of the first settlers. At his death, Nov. 22nd, 1696, he held an estate valued at £ 256. He married Sarah Kimball. She died, June 12th, 1796. Eleven children were the oifspring of this marriage. Caleb, the youngest, was b. March 31st, 1685, and was a weaver by trade. He was of Sufiield, from 1717 to 1725— of Enfield, from 1748 to 1756, when he removed to Northfield, where he died, Sept. 23d, 1761. He married, in 1721, Hannah Eaton, of Haverhill, Mass., who died, June 8th, 1786, aged 88. There were seven children by this marriage, of whom, Benjamin, the 3d child, was b. in 1724. I first find the name of Benjamin Allen connected with No. 4, in the roll of Captain Phineas Stevens' company, enlisted from March 10th, to Oct. 20th, 1748. He was here also, under the same officer, in 1749, and '50, and, as we have reason to believe, shared in all the dangers in- cident to the times, and defence of the place, up to the conquest of Can- ada. Hfe was a proprietor of the township, under the New-Hampshire charter, and at the first town meeting, held Aug. 14th, 1753, was elected one of the town officers. Benjamin Allen m., Nov. 6th, 1751, Peggy Spafibrd, (dau. of Cap- tain John and Hannah Spaffi>rd) b. June 30th, 1735. Ch. I. Eunice, b. Aug. 4th, 1754, old style ; m. Rogers, of Orford ; II.' Olive, b. Jan. 5th, 1755 ; m. Simeon Church ; III. Lucy, b. March 28th, 1758 ; m. Walter Geer ; IV. Asa Spaffi)rd, b. Nov. 22nd, 1762 ; m. Polly Fergerson. V. Nathan, b. May 4th, 1768 ; m., Apr. 22nd, 1786, Deborah Farwell, (dau. of Josiah Farwell.) Ch. 1. Betsy, b. Feb. 1787 ; m., Jan. 8th, 1810, Richard Kimball ; 2. Peggy, b. Oct. 3d, 1788 ; m., Nov. 1812, Josiah Hubbard ; 3. Charles, b. May 8th, 1794 ; m., July 4th, 1819, Elizabeth White, (dau. of Major Jotham White) b. Dec. 8th, 1798.— Mrs. Charles Allen d. Sept. 14th, 1874. Ch. (1) Elizabeth, b. Nov. 17th, 1820 ; m. John Ager, of Claremont ; (2) Joseph, b. June 19th, 1822 ; killed in Boston, Feb. 12th, 1863 ; (3) Lucia Putnam, b. Mar. 14th, 1824 ; d. Jan. 6th, 1863 ; (4) James, b. June 17th, 1826 ; be- came an engineer and was killed at Rouse's Point, May 20th, 1864 ; ALLEN. I 279 (5 and 6) twin girls, b. and d., Aug. 1828 ; (7) Maria Mills, b, May llth,^ 1830 ; m. Thomas Bailey, of Claremont, N. H.; (8) Miriam Huntley, b. Feb. 1833; d. July, 1834; (9) Harriet White, b. Sept, 10th, 1834 ; d. March 22nd, 1875 ; (10) Robert Rand, b. Feb. 7th, 1837 ; was elected one of the selectmen of the town in 1875, and 1st Se- lectman in 1876. He m., Sept. 14th, 1864, Julia McLarney, (dau. of Patrick and Anna (Moore) Mc Larney) b. in New York City, Feb. 14th, 1844. Ch. [1] Nathan Farwell, b. March 22nd, 1868 ; [2] James Ethan, b. Oct. 21st, 1870. (11) Louise Holden, b. Jan. 6th, 1840; has been a teacher many terms. 4. Hannah, (dau. of Nathan and Deborah Allen) b. May 12th, 1796 ; m., Nov. 4th, 1821, Luman H. Farnsworth ; 5. Caleb, b. July 3d, 1798, settled in "Wheatland, N. Y.; 6. Luke, b. May 8th, 1800 ; m. Sciena Putnam, and settled in 111.; 7. Fanny, b. July 20th, 1802 ; m. Rand White, of Charlestown ; 8. Sophia, b. Nov. 29th, 1804 ; m. Richard Holden, and settled in Chicago; 9. James, b. March 26th, 1807 ; m., and settled in Lisbon, N. H.; 10. Lydia, b. Sept. 16th, 1809 ; m. Charles Kavenagh, and settled in Chicago. Nathan Allen, whose descendants are above given, was 2nd Select- man in the following years : 1811-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-21-22-23 -24. In the above record of the family, of Nathan Allen, the names of two children, b. between Peggy and Charles, are left out. Their names were Benjamin and Fanny. They both d. young, and were buried in the same grave. VI. Prudence, (dau. of Benjamin and Peggy Allen) b. May 14th, 1769 ; m. Isaac Farwell, son of William and Bethiah Farwell ; VII. Benjamin, b. June 1st, 1770 ; m., Nov. 8th, 1793, Beulah Temple ; VIH. Abigail, b. Feb. 8th, 1774 ; m. Jesse Farwell, (son of William and Bethiah Farwell, (see Farwell) ; IX. Caleb, b. Apr. 11th, 1776 ; be- , came a soldier in the war of 1812 ; was also in the naval service for many years ; X. Fanny, b. May 3d, 1779 ; m. Jonathan Burt, of Windsor, Vt., and d. in New York state, aged 90. The following Allen families are descended from Joseph Allen of Enfield, Conn ; who was b. Sept. 24th, 1727 ; and d. at East Wind- sor, Conn. Oct. 8th, 1808. He m. Jan. 1755, Lois Burnham and had ten children, viz. Lois, Joseph, Asenath, Eunice, Hannah, Joseph, Benjamin, Asher, Anna and Henry. Henry Allen b. in East Windsor, Conn. March 18, 1771 ; m. Mary Wells, b. in East Windsor, 1782. They settled in Charlestown early in the present century. Ch. I. Henry T. b. 1806; d. 1834 ; II. Lew- 280 ALVORD — ATWOOD. is b. in C. 1808 ; d. young; III. Newton F. b. Feb. 13th, 1810, in C; m. Dec. 29th, 1831, Sophia Willard, (dau. of Abel and Fanny (Grout) Willard) b. Dec. 19th, 1815. Ch. 1. Mary H. b. July 28th, 1833 ; m. June 24th, 1861, Silas E. Noyes ; resides in Claremont. Ch. (1) Edgar Allen b. in Charlestown, May 3d, 1864 ; (2) Lorena, b. in Charlestown, Feb. 15th, 1869. 2. George H. b. Nov. 11th, 1836 ; d. Nov. 21st, 1847 ; 3. Sophia Jane, b. Oct. 31st, 1845 ; m. William Henry Walker, Oct. 26th, 1868; resides in Denver, Colorado; 4. Eosie F. b. Sept. 13th, 1851 ; m., Dec. 24th, 1872, Arthur E. Spencer, resides in Denver, Colorado. Newton F. Allen was 2d selectman for the years 1868-69. Simeon and Stephen Alvoed were citizens here at an early day. It is said that they built the two cottages, so similar in their architectu- ral structure; one of which was occupied for many years by the late Samuel Crosby and the other by the late Captain Green. I have not been able to trace them from Charlestown. They had left previous to 1792. The following is from the town records. Stephen and Abigail Alvord ; Ch. Parthena, b. July 4th, 1767. James Anderson, b. in Templeton, Mass., Nov. 4th, 1783 ; m. Oct. 22d, 1822, Marilla Field, b. Aug. 31st, 1796, in Northfield, Mass., set- tled in Charlestown 1821. He d. May 1st, 1854; sl^e d. July 11th, 1857. Ch. I. Charles, b. July 25th, 1823 ; resides in St. Thomas, On- tario, Co., Canada. II. James Barker, b. April 17th, 1826 ; m. May 30th, 1858, Martha Jane Breed, b. March 1st, 1832; one child, Edward James, b. July 28th, 1860; III. Marilla, b. Apr. 4th, 1830 ; d. Apr. 7th, 1830. Jonathan Arms, (son of Dea. Jonathan Arms, of Deerfield, b. Jan. 23d, 1766 ; m. July 26th, 1787, Sarah Wells, (dau. of Ebenezer Wells, of Deerfield, Mass.) b. July 31st, 1766. Ch. I. Austin, b. March 4th, "1791. II. Stephen, b. Feb. 6th, 1795 ; d. Feb. 8th, 1797. Mrs. Arms in a fit of insanity committed suicide, July 3d, 1805. Jonathan Arms was a blacksmith and lived in a house near the old fort ground. Isaac Silsby, who succeeded him in his business, tore down the old house and built new. Mrs. Lizzie West, now lives on the same spot. Mr., Arms removed to Montpelier, Vt., in 1315. Milan Atwood, (son of Ebenezer and Betsy Farnum, Atwood, b. in Stoddard, N. H., March 2d, 1822 ; m. Feb. 21st, 1855, Eveline Towns- end, (dau. of David and Dolly (Fisher) Towusend,) b. May 7th, 1821, in Dublin, N.H., removed from Roxbury, N. H., to Charlestown, Dec. 14th, 1868. BAILEY— BAKER. 281 Eliphalet Bailey, b. Dec. 19th, 1795, in Unity ; m., July 6th, 1829, Artemesia "Wastcot, (dau. of Charles and Rachel (Ballou) West- cot) b. Aug. 10th, 1808. Ch. I. Adolphus S., b. Nov. 15th, 1830 ; d. May 14th, 1832 ; II. Martha J., b. in Unity, July 1st, 1833 ; m. Ira Mortimer Perry, (see Perry); III. Emergene, b. June 7th, 1837 ; d. June 12th, 1840. WiLBRA Bailey, (son of Moses and Hannah (Cram) Bailey,) b. in Unity, N. H., Oct. 1811 ; m. Oct. 5th, 1865, Mrs. Julia A. Way, (dau. of Joseph and Laura (Shepherd) Dow,) b. in Brandon. Vt., April 20, 1833 ;— One child, Wilbra M., b. Jan. 7th, 1874 ; d. Feb. 13th, 1874; Mr. Bailey settled in C. 1856. OsMON Baker, was from Connecticut. He made his journey to Charlestown on horseback, bringing all his baggage in a pair of sad- dlebags, in which, among other things, he took the precaution to stow away the glass and nails for his future house. He married March 2d, 1767, Mary Farnsworth, (dau. of Aaron and Hannah (Barron) Farns- worth,) b. in Groton, Mass., Jan. 29th, 1732. He d. Aug. 18th, 1802 ; age 68. She d. Sept. 19th, 1796. They had the following children. I. Jonathan who was Major in the militia, b. May 29th, 1768 ; m. Jan. 15th, 1797, Susanna Wetherbe, (dau. of Hon. Samuel and Su- sanna (Johnson) Wetherbe,) b. Aug. 4th, 1770. He d. March, 28th, 1820 ; She d. March 31st, 1825. Ch. 1. Laura ; 2. John ; 3. Ira ; all three died in infancy; 4. James, b. about 1804; m. Mary Hagar, of Springfield Vt. Ch. (1) Jane A., m. Charles Carr of Northampton, Mass;— (2) Mary Ellen, d. Feb. 4th, 1849 ; aged 16 years, lOmo; (3) Horace H., m. Harriet N. Puffer, of Northampton, Mass ; has one child, Charles Sumner, b. April 1874. 5. Jonathan, b. June 8th, 1806; m. Jan. 27th, 1840; Harriet M. Willard, (dau. of Levi and Phebe (Carriel) Willard,) b. Dec. 24th, 1817 ; Ch. (1) Abby Willard, b. Jan. 2nd, 1850 ; d. Nov. 1st, 1869 ; a young lady of fine promise ; (2) James Henry, b. Jan. 9th, 1852 ; d. Aug. 23d, 1852 ; (3) Lizzie Jane, b. Jan. 4th, 1855 ; (4) Nellie Susan, b. March, 20th, 1857. Colonel Baker was a useful and influential citizen. He held the offices of Colonel in the militia ; County treasurer ; Town clerk ; and was a number of years Deputy Sheriff. He took great interest in the public schools ; in the temperance cause ; and in whatever in his esti- mation would promote the welfare of the community. During the last years of his life, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He accu- 282 BAKER— BARRON. mulated a large property, and always maintained a character for strict integrity. He died of Congestion of the lungs, Feb. 26th, 1867. II. Isaac, (son of Osmon,) b. Feb. 7th, 1770, became a physician and settled in Marlow, K H.; III. John, b. Nov. 20th, 1771 ; d. 1776, in his 5th year; IV. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 1st, 1774; m. 1799, John Sulli- van Hutchins, (son of Phineas and Abigail Hutchins,) b. Aug. 15th, 1776, and settled in Argantile, district of Montreal. Joshua Baldwin, b. in Tewksbury, Mass.; m. Elizabeth Spaulding, al- so of Tewksbury ; came to Charlestown in 1788 and settled in District No. 9 ; remained till near the close of his life, when he removed to Lynd- borough, N. H. where he died. Ch. I. Betsy d. at the age of 19. II. Abel. III. Harry, b. Nov. 23d, 1795, alone settled in Charlestown ; m. Sept. 7th, 1815, Millia Egerton (dau. of James and Bathsheba (Walker) Egerton of Langdon,) b. March 23d, 1795. Ch. 1. Albert G. b. Dec. 11th, 1816 ; d. unmarried, in Detroit, Mich. Jan. 15th, 1861. 2. Betsy Maria, b.' Jan. 18th, 1818 ; m. "William Sias, May 14th, 1850. 3. Henry Egerton, b. April 10th, 1819 ; d. Nov. 20th, 1850. 4 Sam- uel Gardner, b. March 18th, 1822 ; d. Aug. 4th, 1825. 5. Edward, b. June 24th, 1824 ; m. Martha Wheeler, May 24th, 1852, settled in Fitch- burg, Mass. (1) one child Jennie F. b. Jan. 15th, 1859. 6. Samuel Gardner, b. June 20th, 1826 ; m. Maria F. Fiske and lives in Lang- don, N. H. Ch. (1) Ida V. b. June 27th, 1854. (2) Carrie Florence b. Feb. 16th, 1856. (3) Millia F. b. Aug. 2Qd, 1862. 7. James Har- vey, b. Oct. 8th, 1827 ; m. Nancy Sharp, Aug. 25th, 1859 ; and settled in Charlestown. Ch. (1) Etta Florence, b. June 12th, 1860; d. Dec. 1874. (2) Ella May, b. Oct. 13th, 1863. (3) Harry, b. June 17th, 1866; d. Dec. 24, 1874. 8. Millia Augusta, b. July 4th, 1830; m. Abram D. Hull, Esq., Aug. 15th, 1853 ; (see Hull). 9. Martha Ann, b. Jan. 4th, 1832; m. John Bennett, April 18th, 1855'; resides in Keene. 10. Mary Sophia, b. June 21st, 1833 ; m. Henry F. Evans, April 29th, 1863. Henry A. Barker, (son of James and Fanny(Lane)Barker,) b. in Charlestown, March 1st, 1818 ; m. April 11th, 1854, Maria E. Wilder, (dau. of Stearns and Polly (Gates) Wilder,) b. in Putney, Vt., Feb. 22d, 1822. Other children of James Barker were Fanny M., Nancy A., Mary J., and two sons, Charles A. and George H. who died early. Charles V. Barker, b. Feb. 19th, 1813 ; m. Sept. 6th, 1860, So- phia B. Barker, b. June 14th, 1839 ; Ch. I. Mary J. b. Sept. 10th, 1870; d. Jan. 3d, 1873; II. Benjamin N., b. Nov. 1st, 1874. Dr. Putnam Barron, was the youngest of nine children of Moses BARROX. , 283 and Hannah Barron, who lived for many years in Amlierst N. H.; in which place he was born, April 26th, 1792. He received his name from Israel Putnam of Revolutionary notoriety, a near relative upon the mother's side. A good common school education, having been supplemented by a partial course at Dartmouth, he commenced the study of medicine, uuder Dr. Matthias Spaulding, the most distin- guished physician, at that time, not only in Amherst, but in Hills- borough County. On completing his profession, he settled in North Charlestown about 1818, (making a temporary home in the family of Colonel David Parker,) where he succeeded in building up for him- self a valuable acquaintance and practice. In May, 1819, he married Lettice Boynton, of Hartland Vt., and subsequently built and occupied the house, since owned by Dr. Horace Saunders, ■which was situated a few rods North of what was then Mr. Hand's store. In 1838, Dr. Bdrron removed to Ohio, and after three years' resi- dence in different places settled in Edinburgh, Portage County. Here a goodly share of prosperity attended him. A new house was built, and a flourishing practice secured. The two children, after a few years of teaching, married and went to homes of their own. Of these the elder, Frances C. married Dr. W. R. S. Clark, a physician of es- tablished reputation. They removed to Bucyrus, Ohio, where Mrs. Clark died in 1862, aged forty-one years. Their two children Lora- belle and George Barron, both died in early childhood. Helen L., the younger daughter of Dr. Barron, married Edmund Bostwick of Ravenna, Ohio, a good man and esteemed citizen, who for many years held offices of trust in the County of his residence. His death (of Consumption) occurred in the autumn of 1861. Of their children, the elder, a beautiful and beloved daughter, quickly followed her father, and of the same disease, at the age of fifteen. In July, 1864, Mrs. Barron died, aged seventy -five ; a sheaf ripe for the garner, and awaiting in peaceful readiness, the coming of the Har- vester. One year later, the Doctor, relinquishing a vocation extending over forty-seven years, went to reside with his widowed daughter and grand-daughter, now all that remained to him, in Ravenna, Ohio. Here, surrounded by friends, and' in the enjoyment of the ordinances of his much loved Church, (Episcopal,) for whose establishment in North Charlestown, he had forty years before assiduously labored, the last eiglit years of his life were passed. In December, 1871, he was suddenly prostrated by paralysis, but 284 BATES — BELLO'WS. partially recovered. In March of the following year, there came a severer attack ; and on the 16th, he died ; lacking but one month of completing his eightieth year. Of Dr. Bar];on, it may be said, that his character was singularly transparent and truthful. His unswerving integrity caused him often to be gifted with offices of public trust, and bespoke for him every where, the confidence of the pure and upright. As a physician, he was faithful to all the requirements of his profession and conscientious in all its relations. His nature — at once simple, sincere and ardent — led him to an early advocacy of current reforms ; and in him the tem- perance and anti-slavery causes found an early and efficient helper. Mrs. Bostwick, the daughter and only surviving child of Dr. Bar- ron was married in 1875, to Dr. J. F. Bird, of Philadelphia, in which city she now resides. Florence, her only surviving daughter by Mr. Bostwick, resides with her. To this account the facts for which have been. furnished by Mrs. Bird we may add that Dr. Barron in 1838, before removing to Ohio, represented the town of Charlestown in the Legislature. He also held various other offices of public trust. For the part that he took in the establishment of the Episcopal Church at North Charlestown, the reader is referred to the history of " The Episcopal Church," in this work. His removal to Ohio was greatly regretted, and his mem- ory is still warmly cherished in the part of the town where he resided. To the above we may also add that Mrs. Helen B. Bostwick, (now Mrs. Bird) is widely known as a very chaste and beautiful writer of articles both in prose and verse for many of our most interesting and popular periodicals. Probably many will see this notice, who have read her compositions and will recognize her name, but who will for the first time, learn that their pleasure was due to one who had her birth and the nurture of her youth in one of the pleasant homes, and amid the beautiful and picturesque scenery of our own much loved town. Jonathan Bates, (son of Oney and Sarah (Litchfield) Bates) b. in Springfield, Vt., Jan. 10th 1825 ; m. Nov. 17th 1853, Sarah Jane Sanderson, (dau. of Jotham and Hannah (Harlow) Sanderson) b. in Springfield, Vt., May 10th 1835 ; came to. Charlestown April 1862 ; Ch. I. Frank R. b. June 7th, 1854 ; II. Herbert G. b. March 13th, 1859 ; III. Harry E. b. Sept. 9th, 1865. Petek Bellows was the oldest son of Col. Benjamin Bellows, the founder of Walpole. He was born in Lunenburg, Mass. Jan. 6th, BELLOWS. 285 1739, and removed to Walpole with his father, the year he waa 14 years of age. At the age of 21 he was appointed constable of the place. He married Mary Chase of Cornish, N. H., and settled in Charlestown. He d. Apr. 5th, 1825 ; Mrs. B. Apr. 18th, 1830. Kev. Dr. Bellows of New York, in his account of the Bellows fam- ily, says " A good deal has been said to me of Peter's bravery. It ap-- pears that he went to Ticonderoga, June 28th, 1777, just a fortnight before his father's death, as a private in Colonel Walker's company. "At the close of the celebrated Kilburn fight, which ended in the evening, the occupants of Colonel Bellows' fort were in a state of great anxiety as to the result, not knowing whether the Indians had been successful or had retired, but fearing that Kilburn and his fami- ly had been killed. The anxiety of uncle Peter was so great, that he determined to ascertain their fate if possible, and for that purpose he left the fort late in the evening and alone, to pass through what was then an unbroken wilderness, and filled, as might reasonably be sup- posed, with Indians. He crept through, using all the caution of a hunter, and at length arrived safely at Kilburu's house ; and having carefully reconnoitered and ascertained that it was still held by Kil- burn, he asked and obtained admittance and was the first to congrat- ulate him upon his successful defence.'' " He was distinguished for wit as well as for courage and could furnish very good company to any body disposed to a merry time. I have heard that he was famous for the point and readiness of his re- partees which he could even put into very good rhyme at short notice; and among these witticisms was his own epitaph which is described to me as exceedingly funny and smart, but I have not been able to re- cover it." The Doctor adds to this account. " He has left many highly respectable descendants." Children of Peter and Mary (Chase) Bellows. I. Samuel, b. 1776 ; m. Martha ; he d. Apr. 5th, 1820 ; she d. Mai^ 8th, 1843, aged 77 ; one child. Royal ; d. June 16th, 1819, in his 28th year; II. Benjamin, m. Polly Parker, dau. of Elijah aud Elizabeth (Farwell) Parker, July 24th, 1791 ; III. Peter, m. Mehita- ble Jacobs ; IV. Solomon, b. Sept. 9th, 1776 ; m. Polly Hoyt ; V. John, b. Aug. 25th, 1778; VI. Polly, b. Jan. 9th 1782; m. Stephen Parker ; VII. Betsy, b. Apr. 12th, 1785 ; m. Dr. Child. Theodore Bellows was the son of Colonel Benjamin Bellows by his second wife, Mary Jennisoii, whose maiden name was Mary Hub- bard. He was born about the year 1762 ; and married Sarah Hutch- 286 BELLOWS — BINGHAM. ins, dau. of Capt. Phineas and A.bigail Hutchins, and settled in Charlestown. Ch. I. Sarah, b. Apr. 8th, 1782; m. Walter Powers. II. George, b. Jan. 31st, 1784 ; m. Clarrisa Bellows ; III. Polly, b. Oct. 29th, 1785 ; IV. Theodore, b. Oct. 10th, 1787 ; m. Elizabeth Davis ; V. Thomas, b. Dec. 12th, 1789; VI. Charles Henry, b. Apr. 23d, 1791 ; d. Aug. ' 16th 1802 ; VII. Orlando, b. June 30th 1793 ; m. Maria Bleannett ; VIII. Eleanor, m. J. P. Baker; IX. James b. Dec. 12th, 1796; d. Sept. 17th, 1802; X. Abigail, m. Charles Watkins. In the sketch of the Bellows family by Dr. Bellows, Theodore Bellows is thus described. " At the age of twenty, I find by one of the army rolls, that he was a sergeant in Capt. Peter Page's company of militia, raised by New-Hampshire, in 1780, (Col. Nichols' Regi- ment) to join the Continental Army for the defence of West Point ; and that he served three months, and fourteen days. He was 17 years old when his father died and probably never had much control exercised over him. Being of a huge frame and lively spirits, he was convivial in his habits, and not above the prevailing indulgencies of the day in which he lived. Misfortunes overtook his property, but he had the blessing of a good and constant brother in the squire, (Gen. Benjamin,) who never failed to minister to his necessities. He was a man of an easy nature, and, as he himself would have freely given, he did not scruple to receive as freely. He lived the latter part of his life in Charlestown, N^ H. He more than any one of our found- ers' children, emulated his father in size and weight, attaining I be- lieve over 300 lbs (338). He possessed immense bodily strength in his prime ; and a nearly incredible story, for which' however living wit- nesses vouch, relates that on a certain occasion when a trial was made of the strength of some horses by hitching them in turn to a great iron cannon, and no one of them could dr^'.g it from its position, uncle Thod slipped his head into the collar, and alone drew the weight which no horse had been able to stir." * Theodore and Abigail Bellows. Ch. I. Mary Ellen, b. June 17th, 1804; II. Abigail Read, b. Dec. 24th, 1806. Benjamin and Polly Billings. Ch : William., b. Nov. 30, 1794. Oel and Sophia Billings. Ch ; Edward H., b. April 6th, 1818. Walter and Sally Bingham Ch : I. Polly, b. May 19th, no year given. II. Albert, b. April 23, 1800; III. Emily, b. Sept. 6, 1802 ; IV. Charles Rawson, b. March 1st, 1804. BINGHAM — BOND. 287 Courtney and Rachel Bingham. Ch : I. Mary., b. Aug. 4th, 1819 ; II. Solon b. Aug. 24th, 1820. Stephen J. Blake, b. in Keene, N. H., June 22d, 1804, settled in Charlestown in 1833; d. July 13th, 1873. Mr. Blake worked on the first piece of railroad, which was built in New-England It was in Quincy, Mass. He m. 1st, in 1828, Mary Morse, b. in Canton, Mass., July 16th, 1801; d. Aug. 8th, 1853. Ch., I. Cyrus Blake, b. in Nash- ua, N. H., Dec. 21st, 1829 ; m. April 18th, 1861, Anna Cody, b. on Prince Edward's Island, Oct. 1834. Ch. first two born on Prince Ed- ward's Island. 1. Edwin Morse., b. Oct. 5th, 1862; 2. Lemuel Mark., b. Aug. 29th, 1864 ; 3. Willie Henry., b. Oct. 21st, 1866, in Charles- town ; 4. Freddie Grant., b. May 19th., 1868, in Charlestown ; 5. George Everett, b. Oct. 6th, 1870, in Charlestown ; 6. Charles Stephen, b. Feb. lX)th, 1873, in Charlestown ; Stephen J. Blake m. 2d, Mrs. Anna Megrath, of Windsor, Vt., June, 1856. Benjamin and Abigail Blood, were from Groton, Mass. Ch. I. Eunice, b. May, 5, 1775 ; II. Abigail, b. Sept. 5th, 1777 : III. Polly, b. Aug. 11th, 1779 ; IV. Benjamin, b. June, 22nd, 1781 ; V. Sene, b. Sept. 12th, 1783 ; VI. Susanna, b. Aug. 19th, 1785 ; VII. Joshua, b. Nov. 19th, 1787 ; VIII. Zalmunnah, b. March, 11th, 1789; IX. Bela, b. July, 15th, 1792 ; X. Relief, b. Dec. 31st, 1794; Benjamin Blood is supposed to have been the son of Benjamin and Eunice Blood (See Butler's History of Groton, Mass., page 388.) Bond. The earliest ancestor of the Bond family of Charlestown, came from England, and settled in Pigsgusset, afterwards called Water- town, Mass. His son, William Bond, the first born in this country, m. 1st, Sarah Briscoe, b. Feb. 1st, 1650; and m. 2d, Elizabeth Benjamin, who survivec^ him. He had children only by his first wife. Thomas Bond, his son, who also settled in Watertown, m. Sarah Wilson. William Bond, son of Thomas, b. at Watertown, in March, 1757 ; m. at the age of 22 years, Sarah Parks (dau. ;of David and Sarah (Gibbs) Parks, of Lincoln, Mass.,) b. Dec. 17th, 1765, and soon after his marriage moved to Charlestown. He entered the army at 18 years of age — ^witnessed the first bloodshed at Lexington, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. He was also in the unfortunate expedition to Quebec. Mr. Bond died Oct. 22d, 1851 ; Mrs. Bond, Sept. 8tli, 1845. Ch.: I. William, b., June 12th, 1784— settled in Walpole, N. H. II. Sally, b. April 20th, 1786 ; m. Samuel Hitchcock, and settled in Clare- mont. ni. Nathan, b. April 2d, 1792; m. Margaret Walker, and set- 288 BONNEY. tied in Charlestown ; liad no children. IV. Leuthera, b. Sept. 15tli, 1794 ; m. William Tidd, and settled in Woburn, Mass. V. Laura, b. March, 1797 ; d. unmarried. VI. Silas, b. Feb. 12th, 1799 ; m. Juue 17th, 1828, Alice Abbott, of Charlestown. Ch.: 1. Charles Minott, b. Nov. 2d, 1828 ; d. Nov. 12th, 1828 ; 2. Maria, b. Feb. 9th, 1830 ; d. Feb. 19th, 1330 : 3. Wil- liam Austin, b. Aug. 15th, 1831 ; m. Juliette Maxwell, July 6th, 1851. Ch.: (1) Ella Philinda, b. at Woburn, Mass., Oct., 1852 ; (2) Alice Juliette, b. at Danvers, Mass., June 9th, 1855. William Austin Bond was a member of Company A, 13th Conn. Volunteers, in The War of The Eebellion, and died in Brashear City, La., May, 1862. 4. Sarah Alice, b. May 26th, 1833 ; m. May 20th, 1852, James E. Lyon, of North Bridgewater, Mass. Ch.: (1) Carrie Alice, b. May 15th, 1854 ; d. Oct. 18th, 1854; (2) Emma Juliette, b. June 31st, 1858. Mrs. Lyon m., Jan. 30th, 1869, Charles Abbott, (see Abbott) now of Keene, N. H. 5. George Sumner, b. March 2nd, 1837 ; m. Oct 9th, 1860, Mary Maria, daughter of Warren and Mary Ann (Osgood) Way, (see Way.) Ch.: (1) Herbert Warren, b. July 30th, 1861. 6. Nathan, b. Dec. 2nd, 1839 ; d. unmarried at Springfield, Vt, April 8th, 1867. VII. Lewis Bond, (son of William and Sarah (Parks) Bond) b. Feb. 16th, 1802; m. Mar. 26th, 1839, Charlotte T. Watkins, (dau. of Alphe- us and Alice (Fuller) Watkins,) b. May 1st, 1806. Lewis Bond d. Jan. 2ud, 1874. Ch.: 1. Ellen M., b. in Walpole, Aug. 2nd, 1833 ; m. June 1st, 1851, Gteorge P. Bowen, (son of Charles and Belinda Bowen,) b. Apr. 17th, 1824; one child, Charles Louis, b. May 25th, 1858. 2. George L., b. Jan. 15th, 1836 ; m. June 17th, 1865, Martha J. Hart, (dau. of John and Olive (Richardson), Hart ;) b. Oct. 5jli, 1850 ; one child, Winnifred Allis, b. Oct. 2nd, 1866. 3. Hattie A., b. Sept. 30th, 1837 ; m. Jan. 17th, 1860, William E. Butterfleld, (son of Jonas and Maria (Eaton) Butterfleld,) b. Dec. 29th, 1836: one child, Ida M., b. April 19th, 1869. Mr. Butterfleld settled in Charlestown, in 1860. VIIL Charles Bond, b. Nov. 10th, 1806; m. in Woburn, Mass., Lydia Tidd. Ch.: Marah, Helen, Henrietta, Charles, Lewis, d. aged 2 years, Stella, Afia Margaret, Lewis, Daniel. , West Bonney, was in Charlestown from 1792 or 93 to 1805 or 6. His business was that of making cards for carding wool in which he employed a large number of females, as every part of the cards, at that time, had to be made by hand. His workshop occupied a part of the ground now occupied by the Town Hall. He m. while in Charlestown Lydia West and had one son Wales Bonney b. June 26th, 1799. He re- BOOTY — BOWKER. 289 moved to Littleton, N. H., before April, 1806, where he had other chil- dren born, amoug whom was Almira, b. June 9th, 1807, (see Dean Co- nant). I have no further inforinatioQ of the family after their remov- al to Littleton. Joseph and Joanna Booty. Only one child recorded — Joseph, b. Dec. 20th, 1791. Charles Bowen, b. in Northfield, Mass., 1742 — removed to Charlestown about 1774 ; and ra. Dec. 19th, 1775, Dinah Field, (dau. of Dr. Ebenezer and Abigail (Holtou) Field) b. Juue 26th, 1746-7. He d. July 22ud 1809 ; Mrs. B. d. Jan. 3d, 1835. Mr. Bowen belonged to the Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Charlestown, and appears to have been an earnest member of that fra- ternity who held for a time its meetings at his house. For an anec- dote of Mrs. Bowen who was lively, witty and intelligent ; see sketch of Col. Samuel Hunt.. They had two children. I. Lucy, b. 1784 ; m. about 1804, William Pomroy, jr., and d. probably in Northfield, June 18th, 1813 ; II. Charles, b. about 1787, settled at first in North- field ; was a lieutenant in the war of 1812, and removed ia 1824, to Tarrytown, N. Y., where he was living in 1874. Charles Bowen and Belindia (Prouty) Bowen ; a diflTdrent fam- ily from the preceding. Ch. I. Prentice P. b. Apr. 7th, 1806; m. Apr. 7th, 1842, Eliza Jane Putnam, (dau. of Samuel and Eliza (Southard) Putuam) b. Aug. 1st, 1816; one child, Jauette, b. Feb, 8th, 1843 ; m. Asa W. Harrlmau ; Ch. 1. Carrie J. b. Djc. 7th, 1862 ; 2. Isabel, b. Sept. 27tl), 1865 ; 3. Susie Janctte, b. Sept. 4th, 1869. Mr. Harriman resides in Haverhill, N. H. II. Gilman m. May 15th, 1842, Parthena Putnam, (dau. of Samuel and Eliza (Southard) Putnam) b. Oct. 3d, 1823 ; Ch. 1. Sarah, b. Feb. 23d, 1843; m. Charles Willard, jr.; 2. Eliza, b. Dec. 7th, 1848; m. Dec. 28th, 1870, William H. Upham, then of Springfield, Vt. 3. George, b. Feb. 10th, 1853. III. Fanny, m. Simeon Walker ; one son, Horace, resides in Claremont. Benjamin Bowker, b. inScituate Mass.; m. Catharine Evans(dau. of Peter Evans) settled in Charlestown : d. Dec. 16th, 1868, aged 56 ; Mrs. Bowker d. Jan. 1873. Ch. L Henry, b. June 30th, 1838 ; m. Sept. 2d, 1858 Helen Maria Woods, (dau. of Gardner and Mary (Wheeler) Woods of Langdon ;) b. Dec. 20th, 1841. Ch. 1. Isabelle Maria, b. May 16th, 1864. 2. Charles Henry, b. Dec. 5th, 1865. 3. Kittie May, b. Dec. 6th, 1871. II. Catharine, (Kittie) b. Jan. 21st, 1840; d, Dec. 1868. IIL Benjamin, b. March 15th, 1843 ; m. 1st, June, 1865, 290 BOWKER — BOWMAN. Addie Dodge, who d. Apr. 1866; one child who died in infancy; m 2d, July 6th, 1873, Addie Baker. Ch. I. Georgie M. b. Aug. 10th, 1873. 2. Alta, b. Nov. 24th, 1874; d. Dec. 14th, 1874. IV. James, b. Feb. 13lh, 1848. V. George, b. Jan. 15th, 1852. Joshua Bowker, brother of Benjamin, m. 1847, Elizabeth Duns- moor, (dau. of John and Polly Dunsmoor,) b. in Charlestown, March 31st, 1812. He d. July 15th, 1869, aged 63 yrs. 8m. 2ds. He held va- rious military offices, the highest of which was that of Colonel in the 16th Eegiment of New Hampshire, Militia. Mrs. Bowker the mother of Benjamin and Joshua came to town •with her family in 1810. She was at the time a widow, her husband having died not long before. Her children in addition to the sons above mentioned were Ruth, who married Loveland and is now living in New Baltimore, N. Y.; Chloe, (now dead) m. Marsh and settled in Keene, N. H.; Eunice, who ra. Jan. 1st, 1827, Dan Shepley and settled in Schoharie County, N. Y., also deceased. Stephen Cur- tis who d. unmarried Feb. 26th, 1847, aged 44 ; and Isaac, who d. un- married June 1st, 1844, aged 36. Widow Chloe Bowker d. Dec. 18th, 1850, aged 84. Samuel Bowman, b. in Lexington, Mass., Jan. 1775 ; removed to Charlestown, N. H., about the year 1800 ; and m. 1st, Sept. 1804, Ma- ry Harrington, of Waltham or Lincoln, Mass. Ch. I. Albert, b. Oct. 2nd, 1805: IL Samuel, b. April 28th, 1807 ; III. William Harring- ton, b. Jan. 24th, 1809 ; IV. Mary Ann., V. George. Samuel Bow- man, m. 2nd, Lucy Gardner,, of Plymouth, Mass, but who lived in Charlestown at the time of marriage, in Jan. 1814. Ch. VI. Lucy, b. Jan. 1815; m. J. Z. De Haven — lived for many years in Philadelphia — removed to-'Charlestown in 1866 — and now lives in Chicago. One son, Rhodes De Haven, m. and also lives in Chicago. VII. Jane, b. Sept. 21st, 1820; m. Oct. 7th, 1847, Samuel R.Sager of Philadelphia, b. Aug. 29th, 1804 ; (see Sager.) VIII. James Monroe, b. May 10th, 1820 ; m. April 7th, 1848, Miranda Wood, dau. of Ashley Wood. Ch. 1. James G., b. Feb. 11th, 1849;— killed Sept. 19th, 1864, in the bat- tle of Winchester — buried on the battle-field. 2. Georgianna, b. June, 8th, 1850; m. Jan. 17th, 1869, Vinal Mayhew ; Ch. (1) Nellie S., b. Apr. 26th, 1869 ; (2) James Vinal., b. Aug. 1873 ; 3. Emma J. b. July 18th, 1852 ; ra. May 20th, 1874, Charles Stiles. 4. William, b. Oct. 18th, 1855. IX. Esther Nelson, b. Sept. 15th, 1822; m. Silas Thomson, of Marlow, and now lives in Mason, N. H. — has 3 children. X. Harriet, b. Aug. 2nd, 1824; m. Alpheus Loker, of Coehituate, BOUTELL — BRIGQS. 291 Ma=s.— hai? had six children. XI. Martha Ellen, b. July 24th, 1826 ; m. Ezra Franklin. (See Franklin.) JosiAH BouTELL, b. June 21st, 1768, in Framingham, Mass., and Betsey , his wife. Ch. I. Betsey, b. Aug. 16th, 1790, in Rock- ingham, Vt. II. Josiah, b. June 2.5th, 1792; m. Aug., 1815 Milla Buckman. III. Lewis, b. May 16th, 1794; m. Oct. 29th, 1815, Mary Black. IV. George, b. Aug. 26th, 1796; d.Oct. 23d, 1797. V. Alice, b. March 26th, 1800 ; m. Sept. 1817, Nathaniel Black. VI. George Washington, b. Jan. 26th, 1802. VII. Sophronia, b. June 25th, 1804. VIII. Nancy, b. Aug. 7th, 1806. Dextee Bradford, (son of Curtis and Polly (Giffiu) Bradford,) b. in Marlow, N. H., Sept. 19th, 1824; m. Nov. 23d, 1843, Lucinda Tin- ker, (dau. of Elijah and Elizabeth (Corastock) Tinker,) b. in Marlow, June 7th, 1834— one child; Alzwia, b. in Marlow, Nov. 23d, 1844. Mr. Bradford came from Marlow to Charlestown Dec. 2d, 1869. Eliphalet Breed, b. in Unity, Sept. 15th, 1802; m. March 17th, 1827, Eliza Parks, (dau. of Davici and Mary (Bingham) Parks of Springfield, Vt.) b. Mar. 17th, 1802. Ch. I. Eliza A., b. Jan. 15th, 1829. II. Martha J., b. Mar. 1st, 1832 ; m. James Anderson. III. Henry A., b. Feb. 10th, 1833; d. in infancy. IV. Mary R., b. May 8th, 1835; m. John Towner, (see Towner.) V. George N., b. Jan. 15th, 1837 ; m. March 30th, 1860, Mary Matilda Cochran, (dau. of Robert and Mary (Carriel) Cochran) known as Mary Matilda Willard, on account of her having been brought up in the family of Levi Wil- lard, b. Aug. 26th, 1838. Ch. 1. Mary, b. Mar. 2d, 1861. 2. Anna G., b. Jan. 1st 1863. 3. Flora H., b. May 22d, 1865. 4. Ella, b. July 6th, 1867. 5. Josie L., b. Dec. 27th, 1869. 6. Fannie M., b. March 3d, 1872. 7. Nettie Gertrude, b. Aug. 2oth, 1873. VI. Jose- phine C, b. July 3d, 1841 ; d. Sept. 2d, 1869. VIL Lucy N., b. Sept. 10th, 1842; m. Hosea Dodge. (See Dodge.) William Briggs, Esq. William Briggs commenced business as a shoemaker in Keene, N. H. His shop was in the building erected by Homer and Goodale for their store. The building was one story and about 60 ft. long and 25ft. wide. In the same building Samuel Hunt, son of Colonel Hunt of Charlestown, had his law office while he practised in Keene. Briggs was not satisfied with his trade and aspired to something higher. There- fore studying as his business gave him opportunity he fitted for Dart- mouth College which he entered and at which he graduated in 1799. 292 BRIGGS. After graduating he entered his name as a law student in the office of Hon. Peleg Sprague who had that year beea elected the second time a representative to Congress. Mr. Sprague dying the next year, he com- pleted his profession with Hon. Benjamin West in Charlestown where he settled and spent the remainder of his life. Mr. Briggs was no advocate but succeeded in getting considerable . practice in the ordinary business of his profession. His character was stern aud as a consequence he was not popular, but his practice was not much diminished on that account for all put confidence in him as a man of integrity and felt that whatever business was committed to his charge would be accomplished faithfully. If men got angry with him as they often did, they were pretty sure if they had business which they wanted promptly done to put aside their feelings long enough to allow Mr. Briggs to do it. Many anecdotes are told of the little revenges which people sought to take of him but which he generally turned against them so adroitly that they were left with little reason to boast. One time one of the workmen of Col. Abel Walker got exceedingly angry at him for some cause and in revenge took an old pair of boots in which he had been shoveling manure and went over to his office and told him that he wanted them tapped. " Well-well," said Mr. Briggs pleasantly, " set them down I will do it for you." After he was gone Mr. Briggs took the boots and carried them over to Mr. Bowman's who tapped them and returned them to Mr. Briggs receiving fifty cents for his work. In , due time the owner of the boots came for them when he had the pleas- ure of paying fifty cents for the work done on his boots and fifty to Mr. Briggs for his fee. He was not like Benjamin West a handsome man but was about as plain looking as falls to the ordinary lot of humanity. This appear- ance of himself he very sensibly accepted as an ordination of provi- dence and did not allow it to trouble him. He was occasionally twit- ted of it however ; a notable instance of which was as follows : A man who used to stutter when his passions were violently excited had got exceedingly angry with him while transacting some business at his office. As soon as it was over he made his way to the door ; standing in which he delivered the following parting address. "You m-m-miserable old c-cuss you, you are the worst looking man I ever saw. You r-r-r-run away from your M-Maker before you was half made up." The whole thing was so ludicrous that it was too much for BRIQGS — BEOWN. 293 Mr. Briggs, and, though he seldom laughed, it is said he roared with laughter. When Benjamin Clark left town, Mr. Briggs purchased the house he had built (the present Judge T. Dunsmoor place,) which was afterwards his home. He married, Dec. 1st, 1811, Elizabeth Willard. (dau. of Capt, John Willard and his wife Eleuthera Walker. They had no children. Mr. Briggs died 1847, aged 74; Mrs. Briggs Jan. 11th, 1864, aged 82. Their remains lie in the village cemetery where a granite monument is erected, to their memory. Joseph G. Briggs (son of Eliphalet and Elizabeth (Stiles) Briggs,) b. at Keene, N. H., June 10th, 1805 ; m. at Keene, Feb. 1st, 1827, Abigail Woods (dau. of Elijah and Sally (Brown) Woods,) b. June 24th, 1803; Ch. I. William Henry, b. in Montpelier, Vt., Sept. 22d, 1827 ; Ch. 1. Charles Gilman, killed in Charlestown by the fall- ing of a tree ; 2 and 3. Anna Pearl and Ida Augusta, twins ; 4. Guy. II. Joseph G. jr., b. in Charlestown, Mar. 16th, 1830 ; m. Oct. 12th, 1852, Ellen L. West (dau. of Enoch Hammond and Lydia (Fitch) West) b. July 27th, 1831. III. Juliette Elizabeth, b. Nov. 13th, 1831 ; d. Apr. 1832. IV. Sarah Louisa, b. Feb. 25th, 1833 ; m. Oct. 24th, 1853, Francis R. Stebbins, of Adrian, Mich. Ch. 1. Lilla L. b. Nov. 1st, 1854 ; 2. Fred B. b. Oct. 6th, 1856 ; 3. Edwin Joseph, b. Sept. 24th, 1867. V. Charles Lyman, b. Jan. 13th, 1835 ; m. in New York city, June 25th, Maria Hall Tripler. VI. Samuel Edgar, b. Oct. 9th, 1836 ; m. Dec. 15th, 1865, at Los Angellos, California, Mary A. Hover. 2 Ch. VIL Frederick A. b. Sept. 9th, 1838 ; m. Sept. .15th, 1862, Juliette E. Cowled of Claremont, N. H. 6 Ch.; resides now (1875) in New York city. V'lII. Abba, b. Apr. 10th, 1841; m. Sept. 3d, 1869, Stephen Batcheller of Fitzwilliam, N. H.; one Ch., Fanny- IX. Mary Elizabeth, b. Nov. 24th, 1844 ; m. May 2d, 1870, George W. Merrifield, of Claremont, N. H.; d. at Carabridgeport, Mass., May 9th, 1874. Joseph G. Briggs the father of this large family lived in t!)harlestown many years, but now resides in Claremont, N. H. A.MOS AND Hannah Brooks. Ch. Amos, b. May 25th, 1806. Benjamin Brown, b. Dec. 2d, 1762, at Lyme, Ct.; m. March 30th, 1789, at Lempster, N. H. Eunice Taylor, b. at Ashburnham, Mass., Sept. 23d, 1765. Ch. 1. David, b. Jan. 3d, 1790, at Lempster. II. Hannah, b. Aug. 23d, 1791. III. Pamela, b. Aug. 29th, 1793. IV. Eunice, b. Oct. 18th, 1795, at Charlestown. V. Joseph, b. July 5th, 1797 ; VI. Lydia, b. in Stanstead, Canada, May 6th, 1799. He came to town in 1791, and left in the fall of 1797 or spring of 1798. 294 BROWN — BIJRNHAM. Aaeon Beown, m. Abigail , surname unknown. Ch. 1. Eli- jah, b. May 16th, 1762. His name occurs frequently in town Records. Aaron Brown m. Anna White, March 7th, 1809. Ch. I. Wil- liam, b. Apr. 28th, 1810. II. Charlotte, b. Jan. 24th, 1812. His name is on the assessor's list from 1803 to 1816 inclusive. Joseph Beown, m. Anna B. — , surname unknown, was in town before the Revolution ; had children recorded as follows. I. John b. Jan. 10th, 1769 ; II. Amos, b. Sept. 8th, 1870 ; III. Lucy, b. Aug. 10th, 1772. There was also a Joseph Brown, jr., who was probably his son. In 1792, the last year he was assessed a poll-tax, he had three sons that were voters. Levi Beown, m. 1st, Marsilva , other name unknown ; Ch. I. Fanny, b. May 10th, 1791. II. Harry or Henry, b. Nov. 1793 ; m. 2d, Nov. 1796, Polly Whiting, was in town in 1808. Henry, probably the son above recorded, was in town in 1815. AuGUSTtrs Beown was iu Charlestowa as early as 1793 ; m. Polly Silsby. Ch. Francis b. Apr. 15th, 1798. He was not iu town after 1812. Samuel Beown, a citizen of the town from 1804 to 1813; m. Deb- orah Hall. James Beown, m. Betsy , surname' unknown. Ch. Roxina Atilda, b. June 11th, 1802. He might have been and probably was a son of some one of the preceding Browns as might have been also Daniel Brown, Silas Brown and George Brown, who in the early part of the century were for a short time citizens of the town. Geoege a. Beuce, b. Mar. 26, 1851 ; m. Nov. 4th, 1874, Abbie Kelsey, b. iu Marlboro Vt., July 23d, 1849 ; settled in South Charles- town, 1874. Geoege Buenham, (son of John and Clarinda (Dwinell) Buru- ham) b. in South Charlestown, June 20th, 1828 ; m. June 13th, 1854, Mary Jane Spencer, (dau. of Neheniiah G. and Mary Ann (Walker) Spencer) b. in Springfield, Vt., Sept. 18th, 1827. Ch. I. Jennie F^ b. Oct. 31st, 1857, in Charlestown, N. H. IL Gusta P. b. Oct. 23d, 1862. John W. Buenham, (son of Lovett and Priscilla (West) Burn- ham) b. in Baltimore, Vt., Aug. 21st, 1816 ; m. 1st, Feb. 15th, 1851, Martha Scott — one child, Frank West, b. Oct. 8th, 1853 ; m. 2d, Lu- cretia Scott. Ch. I. Henry A. b. Apr. 2d, 1859 ; II. Martha, b. July 27th, 1863 ; III. Mary, b. May 2d, 1866 ; IV. George, b. Apr. 2d, 1868; V. Ida, b. Dec. 7th, 1870; VI. Flora, b. Aug. 15th, 1872; VIL Hiley Ann, b. July 27th, 1875. BURT — CAEPENTER. 295 Joseph Burt, (son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Abbott) Burt, Andov- er, Mass.,) b. in Milford, N. H., July 22d, 1814 ; m. May 26th, 1838, Cynthia Maria Way (dan. of Marvin and Hannah (Walker) Way), b. in Newport, N. H., July 4th, 1815. Ch. I. James Elliot, b. in Put- ney, Vt. Sept., 24th, 1839 ; m. Fanny Driseoll— lives in Boston. II. Joseph Ellery b. Feb. 7th, 1843, in Alstead, N. H.; m. Ara Banner De Mille, lives in Washington, D. C. III. George, Marvin, b. Feb. Uth, 1857, in Charlestown, N. H. Joseph Burt came to Charlestown in 1830 and has been here ever since except from 1838 to 1843. CoENELiTJS Calhahan (son of John and Ellen (McCarty) Calha- han) b. in County of Cork, Ireland, May, 1822 ; m., March, 1852, Bridget McMahon (dau. of John McMahou) b, in County of Clare, Ireland, 1835. ' He came to America in 1849 ; to Charlestown in 1860. Ch. I. John, b. Jan. 7th, 1853 ; m. Mary Griffin (dau. of John and Ellen (Griffin) Griffin, of County of Clare, Ireland) b. Nov. 23d, 1850. One child, William Cornelius, b. Apr. 9th, 1874 ; II. Mary, b. Aug. 4th, 1854; IH. Timpthy, b. July 8th, 1859; IV. William, b. July 7th, 1862 ; V. Sarah, b. Aug. 13th, 1864. Joseph W. Campbell (son of Miller and Olive (Moody) Campbell) b. in Unity, Jan. 26th, 1811 ; m., July 17th, 1843, Mary Jane Alcock, b. in Bearing, N. H., May 7th, 1824. Ch. I. Charles W., b. Aug. 6th, 1846 ; m., Nov. 1873, Annie Wentworth, of Rochester, N. H.; lives in Hillsboro', N. H.; II. William P., b. June 24th, 1848 ; d. Apr. 29th, 1863; HI. Harriet K, b. Dec. 2nd, 1852; d. June 2nd, 1853; IV. George Frederick, b. Apr. 13th, 1855 ; V. Mary J., b. Feb. 20th, 1857 ; d. May 12th, 1863 ; VI. Frank A., b. Oct. 13th, 1861 ; d. May 11th, 1863. Mr. Campbell is a blacksmith by trade. Dean Caeleton and his wife, Keziah Carleton, came to Charlestown from Lunenburg, Mass., in March, 1768, and removed from Charlestown to Acworth in 1771. They had three children on coming to town. Ch. 1. Thomas ; II. Dean ; m., 1st, Thankful Byam ; m., 2nd, Lucy In- galls ; III. Abigail ; m. William Orcutt. Their other children, b, in Charlestown and Acworth were : IV. Timothy : constable in Charles- town in 1791 ; m. Mary . Ch.: 1. Alpha, b. Mar. 8th, 1785 ; 2. Theoda. b. June 17th, 1786 ; V. George ; VI. Willard ; VII. Jonathan ; VIII. Phebe (see Samuel Spvague West); IX. Polly ; X. Betsy ; XL Tirzah (see Presby West, and His. of Acworth,) Epheaim Carpentee was Moderator for five years, commencing with the year 1797, and represented the town in the legislature in 1800 and 1801. He was a taverner, as keepers of public houses were called 296 CARPENTER. in his day, and kept where our principal hotel now stands but in a differ- ent building. He, at one time, became quite poor, so as to require aid from the town, but on receiving a pension as a soldier of the Revolution was again able to support himself. He m., 1st, Mary (surname and time of marriage not ascertained.) She d. Oct. 8th, 1807 aged 60. Ch.: Cynthia; m. Capt. Elias Hull (see Hull); Calista; m. Aaron Matson, of Stoddard, N. H., who was representative in Congress in 1821 ; Polly d. of consumption, Sept. 10th, 1803, aged 25. She was engaged to be married to a gentleman of the legal profession, but, through the arts of an accomplished widow was supplanted in his affections and sunk into an early grave from a broken heart. He also had a son Ephraim who d. June 1st, 1807 aged 30. He m., 2nd, June 7th, 1808, Mrs. Je- rusha, widow of both Chandler and Noah Porter, who was dau. of Dr. Abram Downer. She became, while the wife of Squire Carpenter, as he was usually called, the largest woman who ever resided in town. She seldom weighed less than three hundred and fifty pounds, and her weight often reached four hundred ; yet with all her immense ponderosity she is said to have been quite active, and, to use an expression of one who well remembers her, " was in no wise troubled to get about." Her disposition was excellent and she is said to have been a great favorite with those she entertained at lier house Many anecdotes and incidents are told of her, of which I can only mention one or two. After she had attained her fullest size, she thought, one day, she would take a ride in the stage, but on placing her foot upon the step for the purpose of getting in, her weight was so great that she nearly tipped it over. Some bystanders immediately came to her help, and while two of them held down the opposite side of the vehicle, two more assisted her in her attempt to get in. She got along very well till she reached the door, when she made the very unsatisfactory discovery that her form was too large to go through it, when, much to the amuse- ment of the on-lookers, she exclaimed, " Either I am too big or this door is too small " and gave up her contemplated ride. In describing the transaction afterwards she used jocosely to say " The last time I took a ride in the stage I found I was so much bigger than the stage that I could not get into it and so stayed at home.'' After the death of Mr. Carpenter she went to reside in Lancaster, N. H. with one of her children. When she left Charlestown for Lan- caster she completely filled the seat in the wagon from side to side, but she became so poor before she died that her son could easily lift her, in her last sickness. The time of her decease has not been ascertained. CARRIEL. 297 Squire Carpenter died about the year 1835 aged 98, and was buried in the village cemetery, but his grave is marked by no stone. Aaron Caeeiel, (son of Ensign Nathaniel and Jane (Dwight) Carrie], of Sutton, Mass.;) b. March 9th, 1765; m. May 20th, 1784, Sally Woodbury, (dau. of Col. Bartholomew Woodbury, of Sutton and Greenwood) ; b. May 27th, 1764 Mr. Carrlel was a farmer in Sutton, and after 1801-2, at Charlesto wd, N. H., where he d. Jan. 18th, 1834, of paralysis ; Mrs. C. d. Sept. 9th, 1840. Ch. I. Sally, b. iu Sutton, in 1785 ; m. John Sibley, of Peru, N. Y. II. Fanny, b. Jan. 24th, 1790 ; m. in 1813, Manassah Osgood, of Littleton, N. H. Her daugh- ter, Mary Ann Osgood, m. Warren Walker Way, (see Way,) and set- tled in Charlestown. III. Phebe, b. Jan. 17th, 1792 ; m. April 7th, 1814, Levi Willard. (See Willard.) IV. James Carriel, b. July 26th, 1793; ra. March 8th, 1815, Mary Reckard, (dau. of John and Sally (Chamberlain) Reckard,) b. in Charlestown, May 19th, 1796. Mr. Carriel d. Nov. 9th, 1875. He had lived with Mrs. Carriel 60 years — a good man. Ch. 1. Sarah Dinsmore, b. May 27th, 1816 ; m. Samuel Clark, (son of Samuel and Achsah (Smith) Clark,) of Acworth, Mr. C. became a farmer in Charles- town. Ch. (1) Elmira; (2) Oscar; (3) Henry; (4) Rosette; (5) Daniel. 2. Mary, b. Jan. 10th, 1818 ; m. Nov. 1835, Robert Cochran, of Peru, N. Y., who settled as a saddler in Viuelaud, N. J. Ch. (1) Mary Matilda, (see George Breed;) (2) Rusi-ell; (3) Harriet; (4) Emma ; (5) Rosette ; (6) Josephine. 3. Elmira Sibley, b. Feb. 26th, 1820 ; m. July 19th, 1838, Daniel Johnsou, (son of Stephen and Kennedy Johnson,) b. in Unity. He settled in Charlestown as a farm- er, where she died Sept. 9th, 1841. They had one child that died in infancy. 4. Roxana Carlton, b. March 1st, 1825 ; m. Jan. 3d, 1843, Otis W. Burton, and d. in Chester, Vt., Feb., 1860. Ch. (1) Edwin ; (2) Martha; (3) Henry; (4) Levi Willard. 5. Phebe Willard, b. Oct. 4th, 1827, (see Nathaniel Lovell Kennedy.) 6. George Dwight, b. April 28th, 1836 ; m. Dec. 25th. 1856, Martha Jane Hubbard, of Charlestown (dau. of Orange and Loraine (Boardman) Hubbard.) They both died in July, 1859, leaving two children. (1) Alice Lo- raine, b. Sept. 19th, 1857 ; (2) George James, b. July 20th, 1859. V. Hiram Carriel, b. in Charlestown, April 18th, 1806; m. in 1828, Pamelia Frost, (dau. of Thomas and Betsey .(Butters) Frost). He died at Charlestown where he was a farmer, Oct. 6th, 1839. His wife d. June 5th, 1847. Ch. 1. Henry Frost, b. Aug., 1830, graduated at the College of Physicians etc., in New York in 1857 — was Assistant 298 CHADBORN — CHAMBERLAIN. Supt. of the K J. State Lunatic Asylum, 1857-70— Since Supt. of the Elinois State Hospital for the insane,. at Jacksonville, III; has 5 chil- dren. 2. Fanny Willard, b. May 4th, 1834; m. Dec. 31st, 1854, Alanson Burke, of — , Wis. 3. Alvin Frost, b. Nov. 9th, 1838 ; d. Dec. 21st, 1858. 4. Hiram, b. April 21st, 1840 ; d. unmarried in Prescott, Wis., Sept. 27th, 1868. Curtis Cady Chadboen, (son of Benjamin and Sally(Cady) Chad- born of Cornish K H.,) b. Sept. 12th, 1819; m. March, 30th, 1842, Adleine Maria Foggett, (dau. of Thomas Foggett) b. in Bridge water, Vt., Feb. 27th 1823. Came to Charlestown, June 1st, 1843. Ch. I. Edmund Burke, h. April 20th, 1843; d. at Ship Point, Va., Apr. 24th, 1862;— (see Soldiers in War of Rebellion.) II. Henry Edson, b. Oct. 16th, 1844 ; m. April 10th, 1870, Leida Spring, of Memphis, Tenn. Ch: 1. Freddie Guy, d. April 21st, 1871, aged 3m. 7days. 2. Eddie Learoy, d. May, 16th, 1872. 3. George Leuraon, b. Oct. 2d, 1873; — Henry E. resides in Kansas. III. Gracia Ann, b. May 8th, 1846 ; m. May 25th, 1864, Frederick L. Prentice, (son of Thomas R. . Prentice.) Ch : 1. Mary L., b. May 6th, 1865 ; d. Oct. 13th, 1865 ; 2. Harry E., b. Aug. 16th, 1866 ; 3. Infant b. Feb'. 14th, 1871 ; d. March, 1871; Mrs. Prentice d. March 13th, 1871 ; resided at Paper Mill village, Alstead, N. H. Nathaniel Challis and Dolly his wife came to town as early as 1817— He d. Jan. 16th, 1855 aged 94 ; she d. Nov. 25th, 1826, aged 58. Benjamin son of Nathaniel, m. Nancy Conant, Oct. 8th, 1825, and d. Nov. 12th, 1854, aged 64. Ch. 1. S.Britania, d. July 8th, 1833, aged 5 years, 10 ms ; 2. Alma Ann., d. July 7th, 1833, aged 2 years, 2 ms. 3. Frances ; 4. Sally. Captain Benjamin Challis was 3d selectman in 1840-41, and 1st in 1842. He was representative in 1843-44. Hon. John C. Chamberlain. John Curtis Chamberlain, in the first quarter of the present cen- tury, was a distinguished name among the members of the bar, in New Hampshire ; and it is a matter of regret, that the facts, preserved, re- lating to his legal and political career are not more numerous and sat- isfactory. A few of his contemporaries, who knew him in his best days, survive ; but their recollections of him are of two general a nature to supply the materials desirable for biography. Hon. John Curtis Chamberlain was the son of Deacon John and Mrs. Mary Curtis Charaberlain.'and was born in Worcester, Mass., June 5th, 1772. His parents were not only respectable, but were held in CHAMBERLAIN. 299 high estimation, as will be evident from the following obituary notice of them published on the death of Mrs. Chamberlain, Feb. 26th, 1818. "We seldom record the death of those more generally, or just'ly re- spected through life for their amiable, and Christian virtues; or more sincerely lamented at death than this venerable pair. In every rela- tion they sustained, they filled up the measure of their duty. As pro- fessors of religion, they were distinguished for their piety, and zeal; and in " the charities of home and neighborhood" have seldom been excelled. They have left a numei'ous circle of friends and acquaint- ance, to whom their lives and conversation are an example worthy of imitation, as well as the ground of pleasing confidence that they have entered into the joys of their Lord." Deacon Chamberlain died May, 31st, 1813. His age was 68.* That of his wife was 70 years. John C. Chamberlain graduated at Harvard College, in 1793, and was a classmate of Frederic A. Sumner, and Judge Caleb Ellis, after- wards of Claremont. On completing his Collegiate cour.ie, he immedi- ately entered his name, as a student of law, in the office of Hon. Ben- jamin West, of Charlestown, N. H., and on being admitted to the prac- tice of his profession, in 1796, established himself at first in Alstead in the same state; in which place he remained in successful business, till 1804, when he removed to Charlestown, to become the law-partner of Mr. West, with whom he continued till 1817, in which year Mr. West died. After the decease of his distinguished partner, he remain- ed in Charlestown in the practice of his profession till early in the Spring of 1826, at which time he removed to Honeoye Falls, in Mon- roe County, in the State of New- York. From this place in 1833, he removed to Utica, in the same State, where he died in Nov., 1834. Mr. Chamberlain was accustomed to decline all oflSces, connected with the afiairs of the town, which in the discharge of the duties be- longing to them, would take him from the regular business of his pro- fession. We do not therefore find his name among the selectmen ; and he was only once (in the year 1818,) Town Representative. He was Moderator in the years, 1808-9-12-13-17-&-21 six times, but had no desire for the ofiice, and only took it as it was urged upon him. In this he imitated the example of his law»partner, Mr. West, who was accustomed to decline all ofiices which, if accepted, might take him oc- casionally from his professional duties. *Jacob Chamberlain, the father of Deacon John, and Grandfather of John C, was also Deacon of the same Church in Worcester ; viz. the Old South. 300 CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Chamberlain was elected representative to Congress, in 1809 ; and served his term with honor to himself and his constituents. It was a time of no inconsiderable excitement in the political history of the nation, as affairs between the United States and Great Britain were assuming a threatening aspect, and that series of events had al- ready commenced, which, ultimately, led to the war of 1812. But his congressional service was short, and the writer is unacquainted with any facts which would lead him to suppose that he had any desire to have it lengthened. It was the aim of Mr. Chamberlain to attain a high popular stand- ing in his profession. He was, therefore, in his element, when em- ployed as an advocate iu cases that particularly interested and excited the public. He then put forth his best efforts ; and it is not too much to say, on such occasions, made his power felt in a manner equalled by few lawyers in the state ; and had his industry been correspondent Avith his ability, he would probably, as Mr. West had been before him, have been conceded the foremost place at the bar, as an advocate. As it was, his standing was high, but by no means what the diligent im- provement of his powers might have made it. Sir, said the writer of this article one day, to an aged, intelligent gentleman, who had often seen and heard the subject of this notice in court, will you please give me your impressions of Hon. John C Chamberlain, as an advocate. "John C. Chamberlain," said he, pausing as if to collect his thoughts " yes I remember him perfectly. AVell, he had a good voice, perhaps I may say, a remarkable voice, ranging from a low to a sufficiently high key, which never in its loud- est tones appeared strained, nor in its softest lost its distinctness ; and over which, in the expression of every variety of sentiment, he had most perfect command. To this, I may add, that his command of lan- guage, was such, that he never hesitated for a word, nor failed to ex- press his ideas in the clearest and most expressive manner. One enter- ing court, without knowing what was going on, while he was address- ing the jury, might, from his tones, have supposed him talking in an interesting manner, they were so natural, and so different from what we are accustomed to hear in a public speech. When it suited his subject, however, he could employ the loftiest, declamation, or bring into requisition, the most withering tones of sarcasm, and be facetious or grave, according to circumstances. There was only one thing, which was a draw-back on hearing him ; and that was, his personal appearance. He never was dressed in any style, and no one ever saw CHAMBERLAIN. 301 him when some of his garments were not askew. This arose from his fancying, that he should be more popular with the common people, from this negligence, than if, like his law-partner. West, he always went dressed like a gentleman." Most of the generatiou, who were old enough to appreciate him in the zenith of his reputation, have passed away. I give the following from the reminiscences of the few that remain. " A Mr. Harlow had made a contract to furnish a person, whose name my informant is un- able to recall, with a certain quantity of brick. The brick were made, and duly delivered, at the specified time and place. But their qual- ity not being satisfactory, payment for them was refused. On this, a suit at law was instituted by Mr. Harlow, in which Chamberlain was employed by the defendant ; and after the usual examination of wit- nesses, took the floor for addressing the jury, and commenced talking, in his usual felicitous manner, to present the case before them, in the most favorable aspect of which the facts would admit. In this way, he went on for a time, when suddenly making an attitude, and changing his whole manuer, he exclaimed in his loudest tones, " Gentlemen of the jury, do you know in what way Mr. Harlow makes brick ? If you do not, this is it. He takes a little clay in his hand (suiting the action to the word, and scooping to the floor with his left hand) and pats it a little (drawling sneeringly on the yford pats) on one side; then, he turns it over, and pats it (always making the patting motion) on the other sides and ends ; then he looks it over, and says " thaVs a good brick !" but gentlemen of the jury is that a brick ? Is that a brick which not only the wind can blow through, and the snow or the rain sift through, and a cricket or grashopper crawl through, but which has in it cavities in which a mouse may build his nest, and lay up his winter's store ? Gentlemen, Mr. Harlow may call it a brick, but I ■ must insist upon it, that that is not its proper name." This whole passage was so graphic and so inimitably delivered, that my infor- mant assures me, that he cannot understand how one who heard it, should ever forget it. A thrill was produced by it through the whole audience. Another reminiscence of Mr. Chamberlain, in court, has been nar- rated to me as follows. A man in very necessitous circumstances had taken from a wealthy employer who had the character of being some- what miserly and penurious, two pairs of pantaloons, both of which were so worn as to have considerable holes in them in different parts. The larceny was both acknowledged and proved ; and Mr. Chamber- 302 CHAMBERLAIN. lain, who was employed on the defence, it was felt, had undertaken a difficult work, if he was to secure the acquittail of the prisoner ; but as the accused had always before maintained a character for honesty, he was not without hope of accomplishing it. He began by describing the burden of poverty, how sorely it pressed upon a man, especially, one with a family, and detailed many of the difficult situations in which such an one was often placed ; and how his difficulties were often enhanced by others, by their witholding from him his just dues ; (It had been shown in the evidence that several dollars of back pay or money due to the alleged criminal had been unreasonably witheld from him by his employer,) and how wrong such a course was ; and to what temptations it might lead ; and how weak human nature might be under their fearful pressure ." and in this strain he continued, till he had fully secured the sympathy of his audience, when stretching out his hand to the pantaloons which were in court, he held up the most ragged pair, in such a manner as to make the rents and holes in them most conspicuous, and without ut- tering a word, turned entirely round ; thus exhibiting them to all^ in the court room. Then, with a voice apparently half choked with emotion, turning to the jury he said. " Gentlemen these are the rags, that it is alleged that the prisoner at the bar has taken ; and, driven to it by the injustice of his employer, it may be he did take them. But why did he take more than one pair ? Why, because the first were so worthless as to answer no purpose ; he, therefore, took the second to cover up the rents and rags of the first." Then, grabbing both pairs and throwing them from him with a look of the most perfect disdaiu and contempt, he exclaimed "Away with the dirty things, and away with that man who could accuse a poor neighbor of larceny for appro- priating them to his use." The effect was magical, the jury refused a verdict of guilty and the accused was allowed to return to his family. But the case in which Mr. Chamberlain was most in his element was that c^ the State against George Ryan, at the May term of the court, in Charlestown. in 1811. Ryan was a very fine looking young Irishman who in connection with his attracttre personal appearance, possessed not only considerable intelligence, but had, also, that natural grace and ease which enabled him to assume in society the manners of a gentleman. He was fond of display, but was one of the unfortu- nate ones whose money went as fast as he could get it and a little faster, and who consequently on any occasion on which he wished to make a show was without the requisites with which to make it. This CHAMBERLAIN. 303 love of show, combined with his spendthrift habits, soon produced in his mind their legitimate effect, which was to excite in him such an intense craving for money as to constitute for him a continual incen- tive to get it in any manner he could ; and which finally in an hour of more than ordinary temptation led him to the act for which he ■was arrainged ; viz., to commit the crime of high-way robbery. It appears that he got nothing of any amount ; the sum obtained be- ing only a few shillings, and he did not have the good fortune to escape with that, but was known and arrested, and placed in Charlestown jail. Confined there his case excited'a very deep and wide-spread sympathy ; a sympathy so strong that the crime, in the view of the public, seemed almost lost and forgotten. As the law was at that time, the penalty of his offense was death. The case too, in its kind, was new in the county. It was the first capital offense that had ever been committed in old Cheshire. The people, therefore, were all excited over it, especially the women, who not only supplied him with the dantiest food, but also showed their regard by fiirnishing him with a new suit of clothes, that his personal attractions might be appropriately shown off at his trial. Many of the first ladies visited him in prison, and the young ladies, to whom it was not deemed proper to give that privilege, wrote him billets- doux and letters of condolence to encourage him and comfort him in his lonely situation. Thus it was, with an excited public, and that public all in his favor, young Ryan was brought to trial. Chief Justice Livermore and Judge Steele were on the bench and the Attorney General, Sullivan, was present to conduct the prosecution on the part of the State. The counsel for the prisoner were Chamberlain, Henry Hubbard and Roger Vose. As the evidence that Ryan had committed the crime was incontrovertible, of course, no plea based on the ground of innocence could answer any purpose. As the best, and perhaps the only available course then, for them to pursue, his counsel set up for him the plea of insanity. The witnesses first called upon the stand were experts who all testified to the efiect that the prisoner, so far as they could see, and according to the best of their judgment, was sound in mind. After these had giv- en in their testimony quite a number of non-experts were allowed, by the court, to be brought on the witness stand, and to testify freely. The evidence given in by these was that they had seen and conversed with the prisoner, and that both from his conversation and appearance they had become convinced that he was not sane. Chamberlain, when the testimony was all in, presented the case for 304 CHAMBERLAIN. the defense, and his plea on that occasion was considered among the best that he had ever made. The speech was not reported ; very few speech- es were, in those days. But the memory of it lingered in the minds of many who heard it, for years after. Said David Holton to the writer, " I never heard such a speech. The court-house was crowded as full as it could hold, and deeper interest I never saw. Why, there were great strong men there who blubbered like babies ; Old General Morris, of Springfield, among the rest." Said the late Jesse Wheeler, " I heard that speech of John Chamberlain's, and I remember wondering how a man could speak so. It influenced me so much in favor of Ryan that I thought that if they hung him it would be the wickedest deed they could do." Undoubtedly Chamberlain's speech on that occasion pro- duced a powerful eflfect, but when we consider the state of the public mind we can with difficulty conceive how it should have been otherwise, since we can hardly conceive of circumstances more favorable to the production of an impression than those under which he spoke. The counsel for the prosecution, after Chamberlain had closed, briefly presented the case for the State, but it seemed very evident to all that his heart was not in what he said, and that he as well as others really wished the prisoner acquitted. The Judge, in his charge to the jury was carefiil to mention all the witnesses, by name, who had testified to the insanity of the prisoner and to give such a bearing to the evidence as should make it easy for them to acquit him. The verdict of the jury, based upon his insanity, was " Not guilty " on which Ryan was released and most heartily congratulated by the counsel on both sides, when all returned, well satisfied, to their homes. In the early part of his professional career Mr. Chamberlain cultivat- ed literature very diligently, and though not a member of what was termed the " Literary Club " occasionally contributed articles to " The Farmers' Museum," which was then the most notable paper in the State. It was during this period that he wrote * " The narrative of the captiv- * This Pamphlet was republished in Farmer's and Moore's Collections, in 1822, with the following introduction. " In this Number of the Collections we have commenced publishing a narrative of the Captivity of Mrs. Johnson, who was tak- en from Charlestowa, in the County of Cheshire, in this state, in the year 1754. The work was written many years since by a gentleman of distinguished literary reputation, and though a work of his early years, contains many just and accu- rate observations on the dangers and hardships of settling a new country, and the cruelties which awaited those who were taken into^captivity by the Indians. We have thought it proper to preserve a tract of so much importance, and we pre- CHAMBERLAIN. 30j ity of Mrs. Johnson, a pamphlet which had a wide circulation, and which many suppose to have been written by Mrs. Johnson herself. This appears to have been the impression of Eev. Dr. Benjamin Labaree, who in his address, at the dedication of a monument, at Gharlestown, to her and others, says, " Her character and deeds create history — her graphie pen records it. That little book, though small, has produced a sensation in the world. It is a book of authority and is quoted by all who have attempted to write the history of Gharlestown." That the work de- serves this encomium is acknowledged. It was not, however, written by Mrs. Johnson, though much of its interest is undoubtedly owing to its being a record of her personal experiences. John C. Chamberlain m. Dec. 29th, 1797, Nancy, (2nd dau. of Hon. John and Prudence (Stevens) Hubbard,) b. in Gharlestown, May 4th, 1779. A numerous company attended the wedding, consisting of the connections and acquaintances of the bride and bridegroom. Among others, Thomas Bellows, Esq. was present, from Walpole. The wedding was in the evening and " The ceremony was performed," says one who was present, " by Rev. Dan Foster in a very elegant manner. The par- ty broke up at eleven o'clock, leaving many kind wishes for the happi- ness of the newly married couple." The children from this marriage were as follows : I. Mary, b. in Alstead, Feb. 22nd, 1799 ; d. unmarried, in Albion, N. Y., March 20th, 1859. Mary Chamberlain was a woman of excel- lent education, and fine culture. While residing in Gharlestown she opened a select school, and is still remembered by some of her scholars with affectionate gratitude. Mrs. Emily A. Olcott was one of her pupils. Her employment in life was that of a teacher, in which she continued in different places, for over a quarter of a century. She also gathered the first Sabbath School opened in Gharlestown, in the summer of 1819; from which time she was either a Sunday School or Bible class teacher, as long as she lived ; II. Nancy Hubbard, b. Feb. 20th, 1801, also at Alstead ; m. Dr. Jacob Adams, of Gharlestown, N. H., Apr. 8th, 1823. Dr. Adams removed to Utica. N. Y., in 1824, and died in Mobile, Ala- bama, whither he had gone for his health, in 1826. By this marriage there was one child, Mary C. Adams, who died in Albion, N. Y., in 1841 , aged 19 years. The widow married in May, 1832, Dr. D. V. Bradford, of Utica, N. Y., and had one child, a daughter, now (1874, Dec.) the Bame our readers will require no apology for introducing it to tlieir notice, when they consider that our object is to collect AaA preserve those tilings which will inter- est posterit}'." The edition of 1798 is here referred to. 306 CHAMBERLAIN. wife of John L. Donovan, Esq., Watseka, Iroquois Co., Illinois ; III. John Chamberlain, b. Oct. 24th, 1803 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1823. On graduating he entered the office of his uncle, the late Henry Hubbard, of Charlestown, N. H., where he continued till 1827, when he was admitted to practice in the courts of the State. He soon after removed to Albion, N. Y., where he opened a law office and remain- ed, in successful practice till 1844. Says a correspondent from Albion, " During his residence here he was considered one of the most successful lawyers in Western New York, and filled several prominent offices, both in the County and State. In 1844 he became a resident of Iroquois County, 111., and there resuming the practice of his profession, filled the office of County Judge for three successive terms. Eventually, becoming inter- ested in real estate, he became a large land proprietor, and died, in Wat- seka, 111., Dec, 1866. He was twice married ; m., 1st, in May, 1834; m. 2iid, in Watseka, in 1855. There was no issue by the first marriage ; by the second he had one child, now (1874) aged 19, residing in Watse- ka ; IV. Hubbard, b. Oct. 6th, 1806 ; d. Dec. 13th, 1809 ; V. WH- liam, b. March 13th, 1809 ; lives in Albion, N. Y. : unmarried. He has many pleasant recollections of his early life in Charlestown, and it is to him that I am indebted for the principal facts relating to the Chamberlain family ; VI. Elizabeth Jane, b. Oct. 18th, 1811 ; m., Nov., 1836, James W. Lawrence, of Millville, N. Y., and died in Feb. 1868. The children of this marriage were 1. John, b. Dec. 21st, 1838 ; d. Sept. 17th, 1850 ; 2. Elizabeth, b Apr. 20th, 1841 ; d. Aug. 13th, 1850 ; 3. Nancy H., b. Nov. 11th, 1844 ; lives in Watseka, 111 ; VII. Richard Hubbard, b. Aug. 6th, 1813 ; d. same month; VIH. Harriet Prudence, b. Apr. 5th, 1815 ; m. May, 1838, H. D. Tucker, Utica, N.Y.; IX. George, b. Nov. 1st, 1817 ; d. March 14th. 1819. This completes the register of the family. Miss Dolly Chamberlain, a sister of Hon. John C, resided for some time in Charlestown. Levi Chamberlain also studied law in the office of his brother here, and became afterwards a respectable lawyer and usefiil citizen in Keene, N. H. Samuel N. Chamberlain (not connected with the above fatuily) was born in Dudley, Mass., about 1777 ; died at Glens Falls, N. Y. aged 67 ; buried at Edgecomb's Corner, Galway, N. Y. His father, who was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, at the time the American Army was most destitute, sold his farm in Dudley, and ap- plied the iunds for the relief of the soldiers. He was related to John Chamberlain who killed the Indian Chief, " Old Paugus " as he is us- CHAMBERLAIN. 307 ually called, in Lovell's fight. Samuel N. m. Abigail White, of Pom- fret, Ct., (dau. of Samuel White, who claimed to be a liueal descend- ent of the first male child born in New England.) She died in Chelsea, Vt., Sept. 8th, 1808. Ch.: I. Calvin, b. in Dadley, Mass., Oct. 30th, 1791 ; d. and was buried in Charlestown. II. Samuel, J), in Dudley, Mass., Jan. 12th, 1794 ; d. in Strafford, Vt., in 1855 ; m. Betsy Sanborn, of Strafford, and had thirteen children. III. Henry, b. in Unity, N. H., Feb. 14th, 1796 ; m. Mary Bailey, 1822 ; had thirteen children — two sons — one of whom, Edward B., graduated at the University of Vermont in 1848 ; at Andover Theo. Seminary in 1854; and has been minister in the fol- lowing places : Plattsburg, N. Y., 1856-58 ; Shoreham, Vt., 1859-63 ; Essex, Vt., 1863-65; Westford, Vt., 1865. IV. Mary, b. 1798; m. E. W. Curtis, Galway, N. Y.; d. in Adrian, Mich.; had five sons, of whom, James E., the eldest, is Superintendent of E. Division South Mich. Rail-Road. The others living are John W. and George H. V. Artemas W., b. in Unity, N. H., June 9th, 1800; m. at Cape Cod ; d. in Cambridge, Mass., Feb., 1875, leaving three sons and two daugh- ters — Nathan H., George, Joseph, Lydia Ann and Mary. Nathan H. graduated at Harvard College in 1853. He is a Protestant Episco- pal clergyman and author. VI. George Olcott Chamberlain, b. in Charlestown, April 6th, 1803 ; m. Aug. 31st, 1828, Maria Clark, of Providence, Saratoga Co., N. Y. — resides at Saratoga Springs. Ch. 1. Laurentine P., m.- Hiram Thomkins, keeper of the United States Hotel, at Saratoga. 2. John C, m. Margaret Ward and lives in Utica, N. Y. 3. Mary C, m. James B. Raynor, Chicago, 111. VII. Healey, b. Dec, 1807; m. in Saratoga; d. in Coldwater, Mich. Ch. 1. Webster R., a lawyer at Syracuse, N. Y. 2. Georgianna. 3. Henry. Samuel N. Chamberlain, m. 2d, Feb. 2d, 1815, Dorcas Bingham, of Springfield, Vt., and had the following children. I. Abigail White, b. Aug. 24th, 1815. II. Anna Arms, b. Feb. 14th, 1819. III. Sarah G., b. Dec. 3d, 1821. IV. Calvin O., b. Apr. 26th, 1823. V. Sabriua, b. May 24th, 1829. VI. Joseph Roach Ives Gilbert Marquis Paul M. De La Fayette. This name, I understand, has been dropped, most of it, as too unwieldly for every day use, and a much shorter one adopted. He is now known by the name of La Fayette. Edson Chamberlain, (son of Ichabod and Sarah (Moore) Chamber- lain,) m. Nov. 18th, 1836, Mary Jane Ely, (dau. of Phineas and Polly (Butters,) Ely,) b. Oct. 21st, 1816. Mr. Chamberlain d. Aug. 1866, 3U8 CHATTERTON — CHUECH. in Charlestown. Cli. I. Thomas E., b. in Chelmsford, Mass., Jan. 9th, 1838 ; d. Jan. 24th, 1846 ; II. Samuel O., b. April 14th, 1840 ; d. in the War of the Kebellioii, Nov. 22d, 1862; III. Henry F., b. Feb. 9th, 1844; d. May 1st, 1872; m. Edna Smith; one child, d. in infancy; — IV. Asenath Jane, b. Feb. 9th, 1844; d. Jan. 25th, 1846; V. Mary E., b. Jan. 11th, 1846; d. Jan. 29th, 1846; VI. George Edward, b. Dec. 14th, 1847; d. April 18th, 1875; m. Oct. 2d, 1868, Alice Spinney, b. in Argyle, Nova Scotia, Nov. 15th, 1844. Ch. : 1. Sarah, b. Apr. 7th, 1870; 2. George Austin, b. Oct. 19th, 1871; 3. Harry, b. Oct. 8th, 1874; d. Feb. 1876; 4. Cora Belle, b. Jan. 14tli, 1875; d. Feb. 1876; VII. Charles N., b. April 11th, 1849 ; VIII. Eustis, b. May 20th, 1851 ; IX. Florence, b. Nov. 9th, 1858 ; m. Eensselaer Strickland ; X. John, b. Nov. 29th, 1859 ; XL Alice, b. July 15th, 1862. George H. Chatteeton, (son of Alpheus and Esther (Richardson) Chatterton, of Acworth,N. H.,) b. March 8th, 1824; m. Jan. 1st, 1844, Ann Tutberly, (dau. of Alfred and Mehitable (Corbiu,) Tutherly,) b. Nov. 18th, 1826 ; Ch : I. Lizzie H., b. Oct. 3d, 1848 ; m. Richard D. Cornell, Feb. 3d, 1867 ; II. Martha Ann, b. May 3d, 1852; m. George H. Robertson, Nov. 27th, 1871 ; IIL Grace Ellen, b. June 24th, 1854. Mr. Chatterton came to Cliarlestown in 1863. Anson W. Chubb, (son of John and Lucy (Wood) Chubb,) b. Mar. 1st, 1824, in Corinth, Vt., m. 1st, April 10th, 1849, Orlana B. Water- man, (dau. of Elias and Ruth (Richardson) Waterman) b. about 1823, in Orange, Vt. Ch. I. Emma R., b. in Corinth, Feb. 19th, 1850 ; m. June, 1872, Charles H Ward of Berlin, Vt. Ch.: Charles Frederick. She resides at Northfield. II. Oilman b. in Corinth, 1854 ; d. aged 5 j-ears, in Worcester, Vt.; III. Ciiarles b. in Corinth, 1858 ; d. 1860 in Worcester, Vt. Mrs. Chubb d. Aug. 29th, 1862 ; and he m. 2d, Sept. 1st, 1863, in Springfield, Vt., Mary Walker, (dau. of Walter and Sarah (Graves) Walker,) b. in Springfield Vt, 1834. One child d. in infancy. Mr. Chubb came to Charlestown, Jan., 1863. Capt. John Chuiich, was in town in 1768 and perhaps earlier — was one of three persons ajipointed to divide the town into districts in 1770 — left a fund for the support of the poor in Charlestown — died previous to 1787 — Hon. Simeon Olcott, and Benjamin West were the executors of his will. Simeon Church, sou of Capt. John Church, m. about the year 1783, Olive, daughter of Benjamin and Peggy Allen; d. 1823 or 24; Ch.: 1. John, b. Aug. 26th, 1785, m. Oct. 27th, 1816, Cynthia White, (dau. of Major Jotham and Catharine (Reed) White.,) Ch. (1) Olive, CLARK — CLOTES. 309 m. Charles Hackett, Feb. 22d, 1838 ; (See Hackett.) (2) Anna; (3) Charles ; (4) Martha who m. Jonathan Dyer of Brookfield, Vt.; 2. Patty b. Dec. 30th, 1787. Simeon Church m. 2d, Jan. 31st, 1802, Me- hitable Corbln, who survived him. Benjamin Clark, (son of Benjamin and Abiah (Hall) Clark of Westfield Parish, Middletown Ct.,) b. about the year 1766 ; m. probably in March, 1793, Margaret Graves. (Peggy in the Town Records.) In their publishment it states that they were both of Charlestowu. Mr. Clark built the house since known as the Esq. Briggs Place, the De Haven Place, and now as the Judge Thomas Dunsmoor Plate. The business in which he was engaged was that of a saddler. He be- came a man of influence and was appointed town treasurer in 1799, ■which office he held for ten years in succession. About the year 1809, he disposed of his interest in his business in C, and removed to Crafts- bury, Vt, where he became a successful merchant. He had three children born in Charlestown. I. Mary, b. Nov. 23d, 1801 ; H. Ben- jamin, 3d, b. July 16th 1805 — who graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834, and became for several years a teacher in Uibana, Ohio. Since 1858, he has resided at Bloomfield, Edgar Co., 111. III. Clarissa, who m. Mr. Whitney of Craftsbury, Vt. Samuel Clark, (son of Samuel and Achsah (Smith) Clark,) b. in Middlesex, Vt., Sept. 26th, 1812 ; m. April 2d, 1840, Sarah D. Carriel b. May 27th, 1816. (See Carriel.) Ch.: I. Almira R., b. July 2d, 1842 ; m. Nov. 12th, 1865, George Lamb of Langdon, and has had five children — Hattie deceased; Arthur J.; Herbert; Gracia; and an in- fant unnamed. II. Hiram Oscar, b. Aug. 26th, 1845; III. Henry D., b. March 15th, 1848 ; IV. Eunice Rosette, b. Dec. 9th, 1853 ; V. Lyman A., b. July 20th, 1856 ; d. Nov. 24th, 1867 ; VI. Daniel G., b. June 8th, 1859 ; VII. Charles S., b. Sept. 14th, 1860 ; d. June 2d, 1861. Samuel Clark settled in Charlestown in 1836 ; d. March lOth^ 1868. Aaron Clark, (son of Aaron and Eliza (Brook) Clark) b. July 4th, 1820 ; m. Nov. 21st, 1844, Mary Ann Towner, (See Daniel Towner.) Ch: I. Emma, b. Oct. 7th, 1845; m. Feb. 1872, Clarence Bixby, and lives in Windsor, Vt. II. Byrom, b. Feb. 14th, 1847; m. Mrs. Anna Ainsworth, and d. May, 1875. Benjamin and Esther Cloyes. He was a baker by trade and lived on the north-west corner of Main and River Streets, before the present house was built. Ch. I. Nathan, b. Nov. 4th, 1796. II. Henry, b. July 29th, 1798. III. Benjamin Franklin, b. March 29th, 310 COBB — CONANT. 1800. -IV. Chansy, (so spelt in the record) b. Feb. 22d, 1802. The name of Benjamin Cloyes is for the last time on the assessor's list in 1811. He d. Oct. 1st, 1817, aged 60. Mrs. C. d. Nov. 9th, 1812, aged 42. They had ten sons, all d. early. JosiAH Cobb, (son of David and Sally (White) Cobb), b. io Put- ney, Vt., April 22d, 1808 ; m. Dec. 5th, 1833, Candice Pierce of St. Johnsbury, Vt.; b. July 16th, 1818. Ch. I. Fanny Amelia, b. Jan. 18th, 1835 ; d. Sept. 5th, 1850. II. Alice Eliza, b. May 20th, 1841 ; d. Aug. 28th, 1857. III. Harriet Abigail, b. Nov. 1st, 1843 ; d. June 27th, 1862. IV. Ferdinand Lester, b. April 30th, 1847. Mrs. Cobb d. May 3d, 1853; when Mr. Cobb m. 2d., Hannah Hodgkins (dau. of Asa and Lucy Hodgkins), b. Sept. 16th, 1818, at Westmoreland, N. H. Mr. Cobb moved to Charlestown in 1857. His ancestors be- longed to Taunton, Massachusetts. Joseph Warren Colburn (son of Simeon and Abigail (Vose) Col- burn), b. in Claremont, ■ N. H., April 14th, 1800, gained residence in Charlestown in 1822 and continued to reside in the town till 1839. Mr. Colburu removed from Charlestown to Springfield, Vt., and m. in 1840 Emily Edgerton (dau. of Eliphalet and Wealthy (Willard) Edgerton), b. March, 1810, in Hartland, Vt. Ch. I. Emily Joseph- ine, b; Dec. 2d, 1842 ; m. Nov. 24th, 1868, Reuben A,:Bacon of Wash- ington, D. C. One child, Robert Colburn ; b. March 5th, 1873 ; II. Robert Morris, b. Dec. 6th, 1844, resides in Springfield, Vt. Hon. Joseph Colburn in addition to being a prompt and energetic business man attained to the distinction of being elected a member of the state senate. He also held other important offices. He was widely known and very much respected. Dean Conant, b. in the year 1800 ; m. Oct. 1825, Almiria Bonney, (dau. of West Bonney) b. Sept. 9th, 1807. Ch. I. Ellen Hunt, b. Sept. 20th, 1826 ; m. Aug. 23, 1843, Dr. E. C. Worcester, of Thetford, Vt. Ch. 1. William Leonard, b. Apr. 21st, 1845 ; 2. Catharine El- len, b. Nov. 23d, 1847 ; 3. George Steele, b. Sept, 24th, 1849 ; 4. Alice Elizabeth, b. June 5th, 1856 ; 5. Jane Shedd, b. Apr. I3th, 1858 ; 6. Henry Evarts, b. Nov. 15th, 1859 ; 7. Dean Conaut, b. Oct. 1st, 1866; 8. Eleanor Bonney, b. Feb. 7th, 1869. IL Lewis, b. 1829; d. in infancy. III. Catharine Dean, b. May 1st, 1832; m. Sept. 19fh, 1865, James Harvey Lewis ; b. Sept. 6th, 1834. Ch. 1. Eleanor Bonney, b. Nov. 20th, 1870 ; 2. Arthur, b. Aug. 7th, 1873. Dean Conant d. in Charlestown, May 13th, 1835. He was clerk in Aaron Dean's store. The Evangelical Congregational church was or- CONVERSE. 311 ganized at the house of Mrs. Conant. After the marriage of her daughter to Dr. E. C. Worcester, she resided in Thetford. The Converse family, of w|jich John Converse was the first in Charlestown is supposed to have originated in Navarre, in France, whence Roger de Converse (Coigniers the name was then written) emigrated to England near the close of the reign of William, the Conqueror, and was given a constabl&ship by the Bishop of Durham. Others of the fam- ily subsequently, on account of the religious persecutions which rose against them, as they were Hueguenots or French protectants, fled from France to England, whence their descendants emigrated to America and became the founders of the Converse families here. The first of the name in America, Dea. Edward Convers as the name was then spelt, came over in the fleet with Gov. Winthrop in 1630, and settled in Charlestown, Massachusetts. (See History of Rindge, page 484). He become an important personage in those early times — was grantee of the first ferry between Boston and Charlestown, under favor of the general Court ; was selectman from 1635 to 1640 ; was one of the seven commissioners appointed by the church for efiecting the settlement of Woburn, to which place he removed and became the founder of the church and one of its deacons, and a selectman of the town from 1644, to his decease. From this worthy and most reputable ancestor very many of the Converse families in New-England have sprung and we are not without probable, not to say certain evidence for numbering among them the Converse families of Charlestown. John Conveese, b. in Thomson, Ct., in 1746 — d. in Charlestown, N. H., 1830 ; m. Kezia Nichols, and had the following children ; all born in Connecticut. I. Josiah, b. 1775 ; m. Miss -:- Parker of Springfield, Vt., removed to Crown Point, N. Y.; had twelve chil- dren, four sons and eight daughters, most of whom settled in St. Law- rence, county, N. Y. II. Roby, b. 1777; m. Capt. John Metcalf; (See Metcalf). III. Walter b. 1780; m. 1st, Jan. 1802, Polly Larason, of Unity, who d. in 1812, leaving four children. 1. Kezia, b. 1804; m. Steph- en Walker ; had four children, three girls and one boy. She d. in 1853, in Wisconsin. 2. John, b. 1805 ; d. 1872 ; m. Sophia J. Sutton, of Bos- ton; had four children, Frances, Charles, Fred and Elizabeth ; lived in Boston ; 3. Josiah, d. in infancy ; 4, Alzina b. 1808 ; m. Dyer Wright of Charlestown, d. 1853. i Walter Converse, m. 2d, Dec. 19th, 1814, Nancy Towner, of Charlestown, b. 1790. Ch. 1. Josiah, b. 1815 ; lived in Charlestown 312 COOLEY. and d. 1837 ; 2. Clark W. b. 1818 ; m. 1840. Ellen H. Putnam, (dau. of N. P. Putnam), b. 1820. Ch. (1) Maria L. b. 1841 ; (2) Franc S. b. 1850; m E.H.Cameron, Milwaukee, Wis., 1872 ; Ch. [1] Jessie M. b. 1874; d. 1874; [2] Henry Marion, b. 1875 ; (3) William Band, b. 1853. Clark W. Converse was one of the selectmen of Charlestown for the years 1852-3 and 4; removed from Charlestown to Fond du Lac, Wis., 1870. 3. Louise N., b. 1822 ; m. 1847, Sumner A. Howard, of Charlestown ; settled in Danvers, Mass., where she died, 1875 ; 4. Henry Walter, b. 1824 ; lived in Charlestown and died 1842; Nancy Towner Converse d. in 1832; and Walter Converse m. 3d, in 1834, Betsy Young of Cornish, N. H., who died in 1847 ; Wal- ter Converse d. in 1848. Joel Cooley, the first of the name in Charlestown, ni. Sarah Olcott, dau. of Timothy Olcott, jun., of Bolton, Ct. Mr. Cooley d. in 1818, aged 85 ; Mrs. Cooley in 1825, aged 85. Ch. I. Levi ; IL Lucy ; m. Arthur Hitchcock, of Hawley, Mass; III. Levi; m. and settled in Plattsburg, N. Y, ; d., leaving a widow and children ; IV. Gad ; m. and settled in State of New York ; V. Deborah m. Daniel Adams, of Charlestown (see Adams); VI. Walter m. Lucretia White, of Mid- dletown, Ct., and settled in Charlestown. Ch. 1. Sally, b. June 13th, 1799 ; d. Sept. 19th, 180.3 ; 2. Simeon Olcott, b. Dec._12th, 1801 ; m., Apr. 11th, 1824, Harriet Lovell, dau. of John and Martha Lovell. Ch. (1) George Earl, b. May 11th, 1825, in Charlestown, N. H.; d., at Tdwnsend, Vt, March 21st, 1855 ; (2) Simeon O., jr., b., in Albany, N. Y., March 19th, 1827 ; (3) Henry, b. in Albany, N. Y., May 22ud, 1829 ; m. Harriet M. Eichardson, Dec. 21st, 186^ ; (4) Emily Lovell, b. in C, Feb. 7th, 1831 ; m., 1st, Charles Gleason ; m., 2nd, Ephraim H. Flint; d. at Alstead, N. H., Sept. 12th, 1870; (5) Frederick So- lon, b. Jan. 2nd, 1835'; m., Nov. 27th, 1861, Elizabeth Dodge Walker, (dau. of Lewis H. and Abigail (Dodge) Walker) b. June 11th, 1836, in the edge of Langdon — one child, Bessie Addie, b. Feb. 22nd, 1866 ; (6) Ovid Lovell, b. Feb. 25th, 1836, at C; m. Maria Hull; resides in Worcester, Mass.; has two children, Hattie and Nellie; (7) John Franklin, b. March 22nd, 1839 ; m., , Lucy Jane Peas- ley (dau, of Reuben H. and Cynthia Ellen Peasley) b. at South Ac- worth, Aug. 10th, 1841. Ch. [1] Emma Etta, b. Nov. 6th, 1859 ; [2] John F., b. March 3d, 1863 ; [3] Lilla Jane, b. Oct. 20th, 1868 ; d. July 18th, 1868 ; [4] Lillie Jane, b. Apr. 25th, 1869 ; (8) Edward, b. Aug. 8th, 1841 ; m., June 1st, 1864, Mary Cummings, b. Apr. 22nd, COOKE — CORBIN. 313 1847, (see Cummiugs.) Ch. [1] Ida May; [2] Edward Olcott; d. in infancy. Simeon O. Cooley -was a hatter, and kept, for many years, a hat-store, as his father had done before him, but went into the 'grocery business with his son Edward, when he arrived at age, from which (1874) he has now retired. He has enjoyed his share of the honors of the town, hav- ing been Town Clerk for nine years. 3. Sally, dau. of Walter Cooley, b. June 14th, 1804; m. Elias Cady, of Hartland, Vt. "Walter Cooley died Jan. 3d, 1849 ; Mrs. Lucretia Cooley, Feb. 20th, 1859. Duncan Cooke m. Huldah Howard, Apr. 15th, 1806. Ch.: I. Catherine, b. May 26th, 1808. Mrs. Cooke d. July 14th, 1808, and he m., 2nd, Dec. 26th, 1808, Hannah Holden. He was in town from 1804 to 1809, inclusive. Oliver Cooms m. July 7th, 1788, Orpha, (dau. of Moses and Lydia (Farwell) Willari) b. Sept. 25th, 1771. Ch. I. Polly, b. Feb. 14th, 1791 ; II. William, b. Dec. 15th, 1792 ; III. John, b. July 18th, 1795 ; IV. Lewis Willard, b. July 12th, 1797. Mrs. Cooms being left a widow m. Lazarus ShurtlefT, (see Shurtleff.) Clement Corbin m. Sabra Chamberlain, and settled in Charlestowa the last part of the last century ; in 1797 or '98. Ch. I. Lucy, m. John Thornton, (see page 274, His. of Acworth); II. Abagail ; d. un- married; III. Ezbond, b. June 11th, 1800. Ch. 1. Horace A., b. Apr. 16th, 1829 ; m., Apr. 27th, 1858, Malvina A. Putnam, (see Moses Putnam ;) resides in Union City, Mich. Ch. (1) Hattie P., b. Jan. 6th, 1861 ; d. Apr. 20th, 1861 . (2) Jennie L., b. July 28th, 1863 ; 2 and 3. Mary and Martha, twins ; 4. Lucy ; 5. Henry ; 6. John ; 7. Silas ; 8. Fanny ; 9. Sarah Jane ; 10. Samuel ; 11. Lucretia. IL Ichabod, (son of Clement,) b. Aug. 12th, 1802 ; m., March 16th, 1824, Mary Ann Bruce, (dau. of John and Betsy (Kennedy) Bruce) b. Aug. 8th, 1803. Ch. 1. George, b. Aug. 24th, 1824; m. Mary Jane Hallem ; settled in Cincinnati, Ohio ; 2. Otis ; died in infancy ; 3. Calista, b. Sept. 23d, 1826 ; m. Alpheus Emory, Worcester, Vt.; has eight children ; 4. Luther, b. July 20th, 1830 ; m. Susan Buchanan ; settled in Boston. 5. Calvin ; d. aged 4 months ; 6. Mary ; d. in in- fancy ; 7. John ; d. in infancy ; 8. James Willard, b. Nov. 19th, 1835 ; m. Margaret Bowker. Ch.: (1) Herbert, b. Sept. 24th, 1866; (2) Blanche, b. Feb., 1871 ; 9. Marcia Maria, b. Aug. 30th, 1837 ; m. Austin Stearns, of Middlesex, Vt.; has five children ; 10. Harriet, b. Feb. 1840 = d. Feb. 15th, 1849 ; 11. Mary Jane, b. Apr. 2nd, 1842 ; m., Oct. 3d, 1874, 314 CORBIN — CRAM. Napoleon Dilleber, New Haven, Ct.; 12. Chauncy L., b. July 11th, 1831 ; m. Sept. 23d, 1867, Helen Elizabeth Locke, b. Nov. 27th, 1844. Ch. (1) Fred Chauncy, b. Dec. 14th, 1869 ; d. Dec. 28th, 1870 ; (2) Edgar Charles, b. Aug. 13th, 1871 ; 13. Charles K, b. Apr. 15th, 1848; d. Feb. 15th, 1855; HI. John, b., 1804; d. 1872; m., 1829, Caroline Corbin, b. 1809. Ch. 1. Fannie, b. 1831 ; 2. Harriet, b. 1833 ; m., 1853, Albert G. Graham ; 3. Eliza, b. 1837 ; m. 1853, Otis Thomson; 4. Henry, b. 1840; d,- 1856; 5. George, b. 1843; d. 1861 ; 6. Emery, b. 1844; 7. Charles N., b. 1847 ; d. 1865, (see Soldiers in War of Rebellion); 8. Frank, b. 1853 ; IV. Healy ; V. Oliver, d. in infancy ; VI. Clarissa ; VII. Mehitable, b. Apr. 10th, 1811 ; m. Alfred Tutherly; VIII. Samuel N., b. Aug. 3d, 1813; m., 1st, March 1853, Sarah Keen, (dau. of John and Betsy E. Keen) b. in England. Ch. 1. Mary Jane, b. Nov. 9th, 1853 ; d. July, 1865. Mrs. Corbin dying Jan. 5th, 1854, he m., 2nd, March 4th, 1862, Mary J. Sanborn, (dau. of James F. and Mary E. (Meserve) Sanborn, of Franklin, N. H.) •widow of Wm. E. Fletcher, b. Dec. 12th, 1829. Ch., by 2nd wife : 1. Sarah J., b. Nov. 26th, 1862 ; 2. Willie Eugene, b March 15th, 1869. Mr. Corbin is by trade a house painter.; IX. Jane, b. Aug. 17th, 1821 ; m. John Johnson. Ch. 1. Louisa ; m. George Milliken ; 2. Martin ; killed in Boston ; 3. Leland, d. early ; 4 Ezbond ; lives in Boston. Ebenezer Corbin m. Mary diiu. of Hazel Si mends. Ch. I. Charles; II. Matilda; III. Horace; IV. Fanny; V. Eben, m. and lives in C. has one child, Ella ; VI. Nelson, lived in C. till 27 years of age, a mason by trade; m. Adeline Mason, Delaware Co., N. Y., and lives in Warren, Bradford Co., Pa, Ch. 1. Clarence ; 2. Newell ; 3. Arthur; 4. Flora; 5. Emeline; 6. Horace; 7. Hermoii. VII. Caroline, m. John Corbin. VIII. Clement. Daniel Cornwell from Middletown, Ct.; settled in Charlestown about the year 1800 ; m. Lucy Hainliu. Ch. I. Hepsiba, m. Elisha B. Wilcox and resides (1875) in Middleton, Ct. II. Sylvester. III. Horace ; IV. Lucy; V. William; VL Dennis, b. Oct. 1st, 1812; m. Sept. 19th, 1839, Lucette Bailey ; b. Feb. 21st, 1817. He d. July 22d, 1855. Ch. 1. Richard B., b. May 14th, 1841 ; m. Feb. 3d," 1867, Lizzie H. Chatterton, b. Oct. 3d, 1848. Ch. Leon D. b. Sept. 2d, 1872 ; d. Aug. 26th 1873. 2. George L. b. May 6th, 1843. 3. Julius A. b. Dec. 26th, 1847. 4. H. Addie, b. Aug. 9th, 1849 ; d. Dec. 24th, 1864. Mrs. Lucette Cornwell m. 2d, Levi Willard, Nov. 1st, 1866 ; He died May 6th, 1871. Francis Cram, (son of Ephraim and Sarah (Chase) Cram, of CROSBY. 315 Lempster) ; b. June 1st, 1797 ; m. 1st, Sarah Wellman, (dau. of Jacob and Sarah Ann Wellman of Lempster) ; d. 1844. Ch. I. George F. b. June 2d, 1825 ; m. Jan. 1844, Jane Wright, of Washington, N. H. Ch. 1. Mary ; 2. Franz. II. Jane E. b. June 2d, 1827 ; m. 1st, Stephen Bullard, of Methuen, Mass. He died 1860 ; she m. 2d, Isaac Chadwick, of New Bedford, Mass. III. Mariah H. b. Aug. 26th, 1830 ; d. April 4t.h, 1869. Mr. Cram m. 2d, June 13th, 1844, Jeru- sha Clark, (dau. of Samuel and Achsah (Smith) Clark, of Aeworth,) b. June 13th, 1811. Ch. I. Adopted, Eugene Rand, 1846, b. Aug. 6th, 1846 ; m. 1872, Esther Ann Martin, of Warren, N. H. Lives in Montpelier, Vt.; II. Adelbert, b. Nov. 29th, 1854; lives on h6me- stead. Mr. Cram came to Charlestown from Lempster, N. H., in 1860. John M. Crosby m. Amelia Cobb, (dau. of David Cobb) came from Putney, Vt., to Charlestown in 1856. Ch. all b. before coming to C. I. Sarah. II. Emergene, m. William Geer. III. Marshall J., m. Gertrude Eeed, of Nashua, N. H.; one Ch. — Harry. Marshall J. was Overseer of the Steam Mill in Charlestown ; removed to Philadelphia in 1873. John M. sold out and removed to Waltham, Mass., April, 1874. Dr. Samuel Crosby. Dr. Samuel Crosby settled in Charlestown in 1783. He was orig- inally from Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, where his father., who bore the same name, was a physician. His mother was Azubah How, of Wor- cester, in the same state. There were eleven children in the family, six sons and five daughters. He was the second child, and was born September 12th, 1756. At sixteen years of age, he commenced fitting for Harvard College entered it in 1773, and graduated in 1777. The seat of the war, while he was connected with this institution, was for a portion of the time at Cambridge, in consequence of which it was re- moved for nearly a year to Concord. He greatly enjoyed his College life ; but such was the condition of afiairs, that it become difficult for him, on graduating, to decide on the business he would pursue. In this state of uncertainty, he concluded to become a teacher for a time, to give him opportunity for consideration. This vocation he followed for two years. Nearly half of this time was spent in Worcester, Mas- sachusetts, and the remaining portion in Westminster, Vermont and AValpole, New-Hampshire. In 1779, he decided on studying Theolo- gy, and united with the Church in Shrewsbury. He received a license to preach on the 28th of December, the same year. In January, 1780, 316 CROSBY. he opened a school again in Walpole, and while there, preached for the first time in Westminster, Vermont. In the following May,' he left AValpole and opened a school in Charlestowu, in which he continued till some time in July, when he gave it up to his friend and kins- man, Abraham Holland, to engage as he then supposed permanently, in the duties of his profession. While in the ministry, he traveled over a considerable portion of New-England, and preached in many of its principal towns. He preached in thirty different places in Massachusetts ; in eight in Con- necticut ; in seven in New-Hampshire, and in six in Vermont. He re- mained longest in Abington, Massachusetts, and in Arlington Ver- mont ; in both of which Parishes he was received with great favor. At Arlington he had Gov. Chittenden for a constant hearer, who ever afterwards showed hitn great attention wherever he met him, not only treating him with the courtesy due to a personal friend, but inviting him to dine with him and his council on public occasions. After continuing in the ministry for eight years, Mr. Crosby became thoroughly convinced that he could never satisfactorily, to himself dis- charge its duties. His distrust of himself related principally to those duties which devolved upon him as a pastor. Such was his exceeding natural diffidence, that he felt that he was not fitted, and could not become fitted for that relation. He therefore decided to leave the ministry, and enter upon some profession, the duties of which, he would be better enabled to perform. On giving up the ministry, he made choice of the busiuess of an apothecary, and selected Charlestown to which he had become attached during his short residence in it, as a favorable location in which to establish it. With this view he came to the place, and took lodging with Dr. William Page, then occupying the house of Hon. Simeon Ol- cott and opened his business, September 1st, 1783, and continued in it through life. Dr. Crosby possessed eminently social qualities, and the society of Charlestown accorded well with his taste. In point of culture, it was far superior to that of most other places. The society of accomplished young ladies, had a great attraction for him ; and in Misses Rosalinda Taylor, daughter of Dr. David Taylor, afterwards wife of Hon. Peleg Sprague, Theodosia Olcott, daughter of Rev. Bulkley Olcott, and af- terwards wife of Hon. Lewis R. Morris, Ruth Terry afterwards his own wife, and Polly Barrett, daughter of Colonel Barrett, he found very agreeable associates. CROSBY. 317 In Mrs. Benjamin West, Mi-s. Judge Olcott, Mrs. Oliver Hall, Mrs. Colonel Hunt, Mrs. Joliu Hubbard, aud Mrs. Dr. Page, he also found very accomplished women, with whom he associated familiarly and for whom he entertained a profound respect. Dr. Crosby was married December 19th, 1789. The following ac- count of this event is given in his Journal " On Saturday evening, be- tween the hours of five and s6ven, I was married by Rev. Eulkley Ol- cott, to the amiable Miss Euth Terry. The ceremony was periormed at Judge Olcott's aud I felt myself exceedingly happy in having at- taiued the summit of my wishes. I have long been solicitous to par- ticipate the thousand tender endearments, flowing from the union of two hearts, formed for virtuous affection, aud possessed of a desire to please. This desire I hope and trust will be ours. And I most fer- vently pray the Benevolent Author of every good gift, that He will shower down upon us. His richest blessings, that tliis state may prove a source of pure and permanent felicity to us ; and that to our latest hours of life, we may have abundant cause to adore aud bless that good Providence by which we have been brought acquainted with each other, and have at length been united. Miss Terry now my amiable witie, was born in Enfield, Connecticut, June 24th, Anno Domini 1763, being the 3d aud youngest daughter of Mr. Benjamin Terry, and Hannah his wife. Her parents both died when she was young, and she lived for ten years preceding her mar- riage, with her sisters Mrs. (Oliver) Hall, aud Mrs. Judge (Simeon) Olcott." Dr. Crosby proved a good citizen and as such was honored by the town. His name appears in the public records, twice, as one of the selectmen ; the first time for the year 1794, the second for 1796. He was town treasurer nine years commencing with the year 1790, and for a considerable time Post-master of the town. He was also appoint- ed by the State Board of Commissioners Assessor for the town of Charlestown, and took the oath of office November 16th, 1798. He was moreover made Collector of Revenue, for the 2d division District of New- Hampshire. He was chosen County Treasurer in 1802, which office he held at the time of his death, which took place August 27th, of that year. , The residence of Dr. Crosby was in the cottage, at the lower end of Main street, just opposite the mansion of the late Governor Hubbard. This was also the home of his son, Samuel Crosby, jr. The family be- came extinct by the death of Mrs. Emily Crosby, January 2d, 1873. 31 8 CROSBY — CUMMINGS. Charlestown has been blest with few better meu, than the subject of this sketch. His aim was, invariably, both in private and in pub- lic, to act on Christian principles ; and he gave no one reason to com- plain, that those principles were not carried out in his life. Living and acting thus, he was universally respected, and his friends became a multitude, so that when he died he was not only lamented by his immediate townsmen, and neighbors, but by a wide circle of acquaint- ance, extending to all parts of New-England. Mrs. Ruth Crosby survived her husband nearly twenty-three years, and died Feb. 23d, 1835, aged 71 years. Ch. of Dr. Samuel and Ruth^ Terry Crosby. I. Samuel, b. Sept. 12th, 1791 ; m. June 20th, 1832, Emily, dau. of Capt. James |Gil- christ ; b. 1805. Mr. Crosby d. Feb. 20th, 1861, and Mrs. Crosby, Jan. 2d, 1873. Both were pe^-sons of most amiable character, and left at their decease many friends who sincerely mourned their loss. II. Louisa, b. Jan. 29th, 1793 ; d. the 16th of Feb. following. IIL Hen- ry, b. Sept. 30th, 1794, was accidentally drowned at Montpelier, Vt., May 20th, 1823. IV. Harriet, b. May 16th, 1799 ; d. August 29th, 1802 ; she died just as the family were returning from the funeral of her beloved father. The following pedigree of the above family has been kindly fur- nished by George Olcott, Esq. " Simon Corsby came from England to Cambridge, Mass., and thence to Billerica, Mass., not far from 1650 and there died. His son Simon Crosby, jr., died in Billerica. Samuel son of Simon Crosby, jr., born about 1700 ; married Dorothy Brown of Billerica; removed to Shrews- bury, Mass., and there died about 1750. Samuel Crosby, jr., son of Samuel Crosby, was born in 1732 ; married Azubah Howe, daughter of James Howe of Worcester, Mass., and resided in Winchendon Mass. Dr. Samuel Crosby son of Samuel Crosby, jr." Paul Cummings, m. 1st, Rebecca Heywood (dau. of Levi and Em- ily W. Heywood), b. Feb. 15th, 1825, and settled in Charlestown, where he continued to reside, except for a short time in Acworth, till Nov., 1875, when he removed to Ascutneyville, Vt. Ch. I. Mary Jane, b. Apr. 22d, 1848 ; m. Edward Cooley (See Cooley) II. Orson Dean, b. June 6th, 1849 ; m. March 2d, 1873, Lydia Westney and lives in Ascutneyville, Vt. III. George H. b. Dec. 11th, 1851 ; m. June 9th, 1874, Betsy Huntley and lives in Hartland, Vt. IV. Em- ma Ann, b. June 7th, 1853 ; m. June 12th, 1874, George Johnson and lives in Claremont. Mrs. Rebecca Cummings d. in 1860, and he m. CUSHING. 319 2(1, Harriet L. Morse (dau. of Loring and Mary (Dwinell) Morse of Acworth, Chief Justice Gushing. Edmund L. Gushing, the present Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature for New Hampshire, is the son of Edmund and Molly (Stearns) Gushing, and was born at Lunenburg, Massachusetts, where his parents continued to reside until their decease. It being early plan- ned that he should receive an education, his youthful studies were direct- ed in such a manner to that end, that he was fitted for, and entered Har- vard University in the fall of 1823 ; at which institution he also receiv- ed his degree in due course in the fall of 1827. Soon after graduating a tutorship being proffered him, he was induced by the circumstances of his situation at the time to accept it. But the employment was never congenial to him, and the writer has afteu heard him say, referring to it, " That he wasted some very valuable years in teaching.'' For a pro- fession he chose the law and was admitted to the bar in 1834, and in the spring of 1840, on the retirement of the late Chief Justice Gilchrist from practice, on account of his appointment as one of the Justices of the Superior Court, he established himself in his profession at Charles- town. Mr. Gushing was successful in practice and gained such a respecta- ble standing at the bar that in the spring of 1855 he was appointed one of the Justices of the Circuit Court, which office he accepted, but had held it only about four months when the Court was abolished. Subse- quently, however, he was tendered an appointment in the new Court of Common Pleas, which from considerations unnecessary to mention, he felt it his duty to decline. From that time until his appointment to his present position, he continued in the diligent and unremitting practice of his profession, having only taken time enough from it to hold the of- fice of representative ui the legislature for the years 1850-1852-1853. In the summer of 1874, as is well known, when the courts were re- modelled, he received the appointment to the Chief Justiceship of the Superior Court, which he now holds. The foregoing facts in the life of the subject of this sketch afford abundant evidence that he has been successful in his profession, and if we inquire into the reasons of his success at the bar we shall find it to have resulted from qualities not difficult to comprehend. As an emi- nent member of the profession, in describing him, has said, " He brought to the practice of his profession a well trained, clear and logical mind, 320 CCSHIXG. a calm judgment, and a keen power of analysis, which never failed to throw light upon the matter which he had in hand. His location at a distance from any large centre of business, and from the courts was not such as to fill his office and consume his time with the everyday routine business of a practitioner, but left him the time, which he did not fail to improve, for mastering the principles of the many cases of importance in which his services were sought. And he has done what would satisfy the ambition of most men — he has contributed largely to elevate and dignify the character of his chosen profession. Although Chief Justice Gushing doubtless entertains decided opin- ions upon many of the political topics of the day, he has never been a partisan, nor has he mingled actively in party politics. In the long line of our eminent Chief Justices, it is believed that no one has brought to the position a stronger desire to perform the high duties allotted to him with integrity and absolute impartiality. His ultimate success on the bench and in the great field of general jurisprudence can be better de- termined when his labors shall have been completed and given to the public in the printed state reports. That his record will be a creditable one is the belief of his brethren on the bench and at the bar." Such is the character of our Chief Justice, as described by a distin- guished member of the legal .profession who knows him well. But though his attainments in legal knowledge are so respectable the writer feels required to say that they have not been gained by such an exclu- sive devotion to professional studies as to cause him to neglect other appropriate intellectual or aesthetic culture ; but that his mind is also well stored on literary subjects, and whatever pertains to the progress of the sciences and the arts. And what is not common, we believe, in one of his profession, he is an accomplished musician, and has for years pre- sided at the organ at the South Parish Church, in Charlestown, where his extemporized voluntaries, perfect in their modulation, rhythm and harmony, have constituted one of the peculiar attractions of the service. In the relations of social life also he is accustomed to bear well his part, though the constant pressure of official duties upon him, does not allow him to mingle very much in general society. Chief Justice Edmund L. Cushing, b. in Lunenburg, Mass., 1807 ; m., 1st, Apr. 1st, 1835, Laura Elizabeth Lovell (dau. of Vryling and Lau- ra (Hubbard) Lovell,) b., in Charlestown, March 25th, 1810. Ch. I. Catherine Lovell, b. July 27th, 1836 ; m., March 5th, 1864, Francis Mathews Green (son of Mathews and Margaret Augusta (Gilchrist) Green): one child, Catherine Laura, b. Feb. 2nd, 1865. Mrs. Green d. GUSHING — DARRAH. 321 May 4th, 1866. Mr. Green is Lieutenant in command in United States Navy — head quarters Washington, D. C; II. Edmund Henry, b. July 22nd, 1838 ; d. March 11th, 1869. He was in the United States service in the war of the Rebellion and received the appointment of Secretary to Admiral Foote, which position he continued to hold till the death of that distinguished commander, after which he was made full paymaster in the Navy, which office he held at the time of his death. He died of yellow fever and was buried at sea. He was a young man very much beloved by those who knew him best, and what he accomplished gave promise of a brilliant career ; but he did not live to reap the reward of his love of country ; but like thousands of others who entered that fatal war, was swept by disease to an early grave. A stone has been erected to his memory in our village cemetery. III. Rebecca Salsbury, b. Sept. 27th, 1843 ; m. Livingston Stone, Apr, 8th, 1875, (see pages 248- 49, of this work, and Fish Culture, in Historical Miscellany); IV. Mary Stearns, b. Nov. 11th, 1851. Chief Justice Cushing m., 2nd, Nov. 24th, 1858, Martha Robbins Gilchrist, (dau. of Capt. James Gil- christ) b. Oct. 27th. 1818. Geoege Russell Cushing (a different family from the above) b. in Hingham, Mass., March 9th, 1844 ; m., Dec. 30th, 1869, Helen Keziah Jones, (dau. of John Stillman and Rebecca M. (Loveland) Jones) b. May 15th, 1846. Ch. L Helen Russell, b. Oct. 16th, 1870 ; II. George William, b. Apr. 6th, 1873 ; III. Alice Leona, b. Oct. 12th, 1874. Mr. Cushing settled in C, 1868. , WiLLLiM Dana, (son of Thomas and Betsy (Davis) Dana,) b. in Springfield, Vt., Jan. 21st, 1807 ; m. Dec. 4th, 1832, Lucinda Wes- tern, (dau. of Joseph and — Western), b. Nov. 16th, 1809. Ch. I. Thomas Dana, 2d, b. Dec. 8th, 1833 ; m. 1st, Helen P. AVilliams, of Perkinsville, Vt., who d. Dec. 9th, 1869 ; m. 2nd, Mary C. Baldwin of Cambridge, Mass., and has children ; 1. William F.; 2. Helen M.; 3. Ada M. II, Ellen E. b. Oct. 13th, 1839 ; m. July 26th, 1859, Horace B. Wing, (son of Joseph and Cassendana (Ballon) Wing), b. in Bos- ton, May 6th, 1831 ; resides in Charlestown. Mrs. Lucinda Dana, d. in Charlestown, Sept. 18th, 1866; William Dana, Esq., d. Nov. 18th, 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Dana lived first in Springfield, Vt., whence they removed to Windsor, Vt., and resided six years ; they then, in the spring of 1860, removed to Charlestown. He was representative in 1866-67-68 ; selectman in 1868. He was a farmer and an excellent citizen. Joseph Dakrah, b. in Tyngsboro, Mass., Aug. 15th, 1779 ; came to 322 DARRAH — DAVIS. Chal-losto^<•n in 1802 ; in. Feb. 6th, 1803, Lefe Putuam ; b. in Chalms- furd, Mass., Oct. 26th, 1781. Ch. I. Cliarles, b. Nov. 12th, 1803; d. in Carthagena, South America, June 4th. 1826. II. Lefe Pierce, b. May 4th, 1805 ; III. Elizabeth, b. May 12th, 1807 ; d. at Concord, Mass., Jan., 15th, 1823 ; IV. Amanda, b. Apr. 28th, 1809; m. Henry H. Sylvester ; d. June 4th, 1857 ; V. Joseph, b. Apr. 4th, 1813 ; d. at Chailestown, Apr. 13th, 1834 ; VI. Jane Maria, b. July 7th, 1815 ; VII. Robert Kendall, b. Dec. 7th, 1818 ; m. Sophie Town, of Phila- delphia, Penn ; resides in Boston ; VIII. David Putnam, b. March 26th, 1823 ; m. Sept. 6th, 1866, Nancy Morse, of Charlestown ; d. March 7th, 1875 ; IX. Henry Hurd, b. Oct. 4th, 1825 ; m. Eliza Clarke, of Dorchester, Mass.; resides in Boston. In 1820, Joseph Darrah removed to Concord, Mass., in which place David Putnam was born. In 1824, he removed from Concord to Chester, Vt., where Henry Hurd was born. In 1827, he returned to Charlestown, where he remained till his death, March 9th, 1863, at the ripe age of 84. Mrs. Darrah survived her husband seven years, and died at the ad- vanced age of 88 years and 6 months. Ill the winter of 1802-3, there was no snow till the first of February. Mr. Darrah was engaged to be married and had arranged w^ith his in- teu < 0: UJ UJ Cu O a: > w EVANS— FARNSWORTH. 335 Ch. Frank Frederick, b. Oct. 6th, 1870; Charl ■« Gordon. b. June 6th, 1873; (6) Martha Isabel, b. Sept. 17th, 1814 ; m., Oct. 15tli, 1874, Rufus Phineas Stebbins Webster; resides in Brooklyn, N. Y.; (7) Lucretia Estella, b. Jan. 9th, 1847 ; Teacher of Select Private School, Summer St., Charlestown ; (8) Ada Marion, b. Apr. 29th, 1851 ; 4. Elizabeth m. Epiphrodtus Ely, (see Ely); d. Oct. 7th, 1866 ; 5. Pet- er A. Evans, b. Jan. 20th, 1811 ; m. Nov. 5th, 1838, Theodosia S. Willard, (dau. of John and Thera Willard), (see Willard). Ch. (1) Einma, b. Dec. 20th, 1839 ; m. Oct. 21st, 1861, John S. Walker, of Langdon ; cue child, John Stratton jr.; b. March 20th, 1867. (2) Al- lan, b. July 7th, 1850; m. Oct. 21st, 1871, Emma E.Ryder; one child, Waldo Allan, b. May 21st, 1872 ; d. March 11th, 1873. Joseph Evans, (son of Joseph and Joanna (Taylor) Evans), b. in Lyndon, Vt., 1797 ; m. in 1831, Mrs. Annette (McClintock) Henry), (dau. of William and Judith (Bixby) McClintock), b. May 25th, 1800. Her 1st husband had been Willard Henry, to whom she was m. in 1 820, who d. Nov. 4th, 1828, leaving one child, Ann M. Henry, b. in Fairlee, Vt., Feb. 24th, 1825, who m. Emery M. Amsden, Aug. 21st, 1844. Ch. by Joseph Evans. I. Caroline E., b. in Charlestown, Feb. 15tli, 1832 ; m. Henry Easter, (see Easter). II. Jerome B., b. July 8th, 1834 ; m. Aug. 1857, Betsy J. Calkins — resides in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. III. Henry F., b. Apr. 15th, 1838 ; m. Apr. 29th, 1863, M. Sophia Baldwin, (see Baldwin). Leonaed S. Faiebank, (son of Uri and Phila (Bowman) Fair- bank, of Walpole) ; b. Jan. 17th, 1818 ; m. Sept. 26th, 1850, Theda Angler (dau. of Needham and Betsy (Foster) Angier, of Langdon) ; b. Jan. 21st, 1820. Ch. I. Eldorous L., b. June 23d, 1857 ; II. Effie C, b. Feb. 17th, 1859; III. Delia A., b. May 5th, 1861; d. Aug. 11th. 1861. Mr. Fairbauk came to Charlestown in April, 1851. Faenswoeth. The first settlement of No. 4, was made by Samuel, David and Stephen Farnsworth, in the spring or summer of 1740. They were sons of Samuel Farnsworth, of Groton, Mass., who married Mrs. Mary Willard, mother of Lieutenant Moses Willard and widow of Simon Willard of Lancaster. Her maiden name was Mary Whitcomb. The following is the Groton Town Record; " Samuel Farnsworth, and Mrs. Mary Willard married Dec. 12th, 1706 ; Mary b. Sept. 13th, 1707, at Kingston. Samuel, b. June 29th, 1709 ; David, b. Aug. 4th, 1711 ;" The birth of Stephen is not given. 336 FARNSWORTH. Samuel Famsworth never married. He was killed on the 2nd of May, 1746 — He was of the party who were attracted by curiosity to see the spot, where Seth Putnam had been killed on the 19th of April previous. He was therefore one of the first victims of Indian ven- geance. (See page 28.) From the occurence of his name upon impor- tant committees, it is evident that he was esteemed a man of sound judgment, and had the confidence of the early settlers. David Faenswoeth appears to have been a man of more than or- dinary intelligence. If important business was to be transacted, he was usually appointed one on the Committee to attend to it. He was thus, with his brother Samuel, on the Committee to contract with some suitable person for building and keeping in repair a corn-mill and saw-mill — on committees for the survey of lots, and determining lines for laying out and building roads, and whatever was required for pro- moting the interests or bettering the condition of the township. From 1750, to 1760 he was the principal and nearly the only surveyor of the place. On the 20th of April, 1757, David Farnsworth, and four others, were taken prisoners by a party of about seventy French and Indians ; and carried to Canada*. The others were Deacon Thomas Adams, Sampson Colefax, the miller, George Robbins, and Asa Spaflbrd. The enemy were in ambush, not quite a mile from the village, near Spaf- ford's Mills, which stood on or near the spot where Hall's Mills have since been erected. Deacon Adams who was going to the hill opposite the mills, for the purpose of making sugar, was the first who was cap- tured. They tied him to a tree, and the Indians started on their way * The following letter from Josiah Foster, of Winchester, who was taken pris- oner on the 7th of June, 1756 will be interesting. MoNTBEAL, May 16th, 1757. Sir: * * The 5th of this present month the Mohawks brought in prisoners from No. 4. Mr. David Farnsworth, Sampson Colefax, Deacon Adams, Asa Spaf- ford and George Robbins, which give ns the sorrowful news of the death of your father Willard, who was killed by the Indians last Summer a little way from the fort. Tour brother Moses was stabbed in the thigh with a spear. This is all the mischief that has been done except the Indians burnt the Mills. Mr. Labaree has made his escape from Montreal and has gone for the English fort I should be glad to write yon a fuller account of things, but it is very difficult to write. I should be glad if you would write to me to let me know how you are. So I re- main your friend. Josiah Fostee. Lieutenant James Johnson. FARNSWORTH. 337 towards the village ; but after going a little distance again formed an ambush into which Mr. Farnsworth soon fell. He had started out on horseback with a bag of grain, to go to the mill, and did not discover them, till they rose up around him in such a manner that it was im- possible for him to escape. Instantly comprehending the situation, he leaped from his horse, threw his bag of grain to the ground, twist- ed the stirrup into the reins of the bridle, and throwing them over the back of the saddle, turned his horse homeward at full speed. The Indians, at once understood that he meant to give an alarm, and fired several times at the horse for the purpose of killing him; but he for- tunately escaped uninjured. The inhabitants hearing the guns and seeing the horse returning at such speed, without a rider, immediately foreboded the evil which had happened, and armed themselves and ad- vanced towards the mills. But they found the enemy in such force, that they thought it prudent to retreat. Meantime, while these things had beeu going on, another portion of the enemy had captured the miller, Mr. Sampson Colefax. Tlie whole party of the enemy then gathered at the mills which they set on fire, when having remained long enough to ascertain that their work of de- struetidn would be sure, they started on their retreat. When they had got as far as Sugar River, they met George Robblns, and Asa SpaflTord, son of Captain John Spafford, who were returning from a hunting excursion, and also took them prisoners. Rev. Dr. Crosby in his " Annals of Charlestown, says that " They then returned to Charlestown and fired upon fifteen or twenty men behind Captain Wil- lard's barn." But I find this mentioned by no other writer and it is besides in itself scarcely probable. The following traditional account of Mr. Farusworth's journey to Can- ada, and of his captivity and escape may not be uniuteresting. As soon as Farnsworth was captured, he pretended to be very lame. This excited the sympathy of his savage captors and relieved him from many burdens which he would otherwise have been forced to bear. Thus on his journey he was not compelled to curry " plunder' as it was called like the other prisoners, and his fellow prisoners would of- ten say to him, "How glad I should be, if I could get aloni^ as well as you do." His dress and manner impressed the Indians with the idea that he was a person of some consequence ; and thinking it would be for his advantage that they should retain this impression, he gave them to understand that he was a Doctor ; and in this assumed profes- sion they soon gave him an opportunity of trying his skill. One of 338 FARNSWORTH, their par(y had taken cold, and was very sick and it seemed probable that on that account they would be detained ou their journey. In this emergency they applied to Dr. F., who apparently nothing loath to take charge of the patient recommended them to boil hemlock boughs and steam him. This remedy bri)ke up his cold, and produced a cure very much to their satisfaction, and had the effect also to place the Doctor higher in their estimation. When they arrived at Canada with their prisoners, they had a great time in celebrating their achievement. As was usual with them on such occasions, they drank and danced, and enjoyed themselves in- theirown peculiar fashion to their hearts' content. They were exceed- ingly good nalured. and while they drank, wanted their prisoners to drink witli them. But Dr. F. whenever they offered him rum invari- ably refused saying in Indian English, " No no, me no drink fire water, me believe in the great and good spirit above," which made them treat him with still more deference. On the final disposition of the prisoners after their arrival in Cana- ada, Mr. Farnsworth was given to a very old Indian and his wife to supply the place of a son who had been killed by the whites. He was treated by thera with marked kindness, and with as much affection as if he had really been their child. They were not only in much better circumstances than most of the Indians, but were much farther ad vanced in civilization. They cultivated their land, and kept a horse, and oxen, and had more conveniences for living, and lived much bet- ter than most of the tribe. Soon after going to live with . the old Indian and his wife, he was taken to the yard to assist in filling a cart. Several Indians at- tracted by curiosity went out to see him work. He seemed perfectly willing to obey orders and to do the best he could, but he handled the shovel so awkwardly and appeared so unaccustomed to the business he was doing, that he created great amusement. At one time he would throw the contents of his shovel with such violence, that it would pass entirely over the cart, then as if seeking to remedy his mistake, he would throw the next shovel full so as not to reach it He seemed greatly in earnest to get the cart filled, but with all his hurry and zeal, he got little into it. At length he purposely swallowed some to- bacco, which made him very pale and so sick withal that work was out of the question. The Indians, not knowing the cause of his sick- ness, were very pitiful, and concluded it was work that had made him sick, and his father determined that as work had such an effect upon FARNSWORTH. 339 him he would not have him work any more. He then set him to practising medicine, in which profession he was so far successful as to secure a large number of Indian patients. For his attendance and prescriptions he would for himself take no pay under any circumstances ; but when any one offered him any thing, he would shake his head, and say, " No, no, pay me father." This so pleased his Indian father and gave him such confidence in him that he was willing to grant him almost any privilege or do him almost any kindness. But Farnsworth though treated kindly was not of a spirit to be con- tent in captivity. He felt that he would rather die in the wilderness, or become the prey of the wild beasts of the forest, than drag out such a life as he was leading and mrist lead as long as he remained in bondage. This was also the feeling of Dea. Adams, who was located about three miles from him, and whom he sometimes met. They therefore laid their plans together to make their escape, and find their way home through the wilderness, or perish in the attempt. For this purpose they agreed to meet at a certain spring, which was about three miles away and was known to both. Farnsworth took the fol- lowing method of preparing the way for his escape so that no suspicion might immediately arise in the minds of the Indians on account of his absence, till he should be so far started on his way, as to be out of the reach of pursuit. He had a sister, the daughter of the old Indian who had adopted him, for whom he professed a most brotherly regard, whose residence was so distant that a visit to her would require an absence of several days. All at once he had a great desire to visit her, and asked of his father the privilege ; who was so much pleased with his son's attachment, that he not only readily gave his consent but volunteered as Farnsworth was lame, the use of his horse for the occasion. He also furnished him with some very nice venison to eat on the way. Thus equipped he took an affectionate leave of his Indian parents and started out on his journey and proceeded immediately to the spring where, according to their agreenient, he expected to meet Dea. Adams, but he was not there. The hours of the day wore on and still he did not come. He thought perhaps he might be waiting for the night under the cover of which to escape, but neither in the morn- ing did he appear, nor on the day that followed, nor the next. He felt that he could wait no longer, and struck off into the unbroken forest alone. As Dea. Adams never returned he never ascertained the rea- son of his not meeting him. 340 FARNSWOBTH. For the first eight or ten days after commencing his journey, he only travelled in the night, knowing that if taken and carried back he would be treated with the most savage cruelty, and very probably be put to death under the most excruciating tortures. In the day-time he concealed himself in the best manner he could to prevent discovery in case of pursuit, and to avoid being re-taken and carried back by roving parties of Indians. Ob the sixth morning after his starting out he had carefully secreted himself very early in a large hollow tree, which had fallen to the ground, to wait for the night to come before again proceeding. But he had not long been in his place of conceal- ment, before he heard a dog barking furiously, which, by his voice, he knew to be the pet hunter of his old Indian father. He very soon came up, but on being spoken to by Farnsworth, whose voice he knew, he sat quietly down at a little distance from the tree, and made no more demonstration. The Indians soon came up, but after looking round and running a short stick into the hollow of the tree where he was concealed, concluded that the object of their search was not there, and left, probably with the hope of finding him in some other direction. A few nights after this, as he was pursuing his journey, he suddenly found himself among a party of Indians, who had encamped for the night. Their fire had gone out, and he was not aware of his danger till the "cahoop" of an old savage, whom his steps on the dry sticks, around the extinct camp-fire had aroused, gave him warning of it. Dropping immediately to the ground he waited till he had reason to suppose that the Indian had fallen asleep again, when he found his way out of his undesirable situation, as carefully and speedily as pos- sible. After a journey of seventeen days through the wilderness, without food, except the venison which had been furnished him to refresh him on his visit to his Indian sister, and such as without arms and without fire he could obtain in the forest, he reached the first white settlement. It is needless to say that he was faint and weak, and in an almost starving condition. His situation was immediately appreciated, and his reception was as kind and sympathizing as he could have desired. The first food that was given him was some boiled turnip, which the men upon whom he first came had just been cooking, which is said to be the kind of food that the early settlers often used to give in such cases. In this place he remained and was most kindly cared for dur- ing several days, and, having rest and suitable food, gained strength very fast. At length, feeling sufiiciently recruited to continue his FARNSWOKTH. 341 journey, he took an affectionate leave of his new and kind friends, and proceeded on to Charlestown where he arrived in good health, and in safety, much to the joy of his family and the inhabitants, and pro- foundly thankful for t!ie providential protection which he felt that he had received. Of the other prisoners taken with Mr. Farnsworth, Mr. Robbins alone returned. They with Robbins were exchanged in the November following their capture, but on their way homeward, by way of Great Britain, Dea. Adams, Colefax, and young Spaiford died of small pox at Quebec. David Faensworth married in Lunenburg Mass., Aug. 15tli, 1735, Hannah Hastings b. in Watertown Mass., Jan. 24th, 1717. She was sister of Susanna Hastings, who married Lieutenant Moses Willard and Eunice Hastings who married Stephen Farnsworth. No record of the family of David Farnsworth has been found. He had several children, two of whom, Samuel and David, settled in tlie town of Eaton, Lower Canada, where they erected mills and spent their lives. One of them had two sons who removed to Michigan in tlie early settlement of the State where they became surveyors. They sub- sequently removed to Galena III., and one of them became father of John F. Farnsworth who has been quite distinguished as a representa- tive in Congress from that state. Of the birth of Stephen Farnsworth the youngest brother of Samuel and David I have not been able to discover any record. He married in Lunenburg Mass., Dec. 22ud, 1741, Eunice Hastings, born in Watertown Mass., Sept. 3d, 1722. It is recorded that on the day of her marriage she was admitted to the full communion of the Church in Lunenburg. The following are their children. I. Oliver (the first child born in No. 4.) born Dec. 8th, 1742, married, July 6th, 1768, Elizabeth (dau . of Moses and Elizabeth Wheeler, b. June 24th, 1750 — Their children 1. Havilah, b. May 31st, 1769; 2. Abijah, b. March 12th, 1770. 3. Biel, b. Dec. 25th, 1772. II. Sarah, b. June 30th, 1748, married Oct. 15th, 1765, Peter Page. (See Page.) III. Submit, b. June, 29th, 1750, m. July 9th, 1773 John Hart, (See Hart.) IV. Eunice, b. Mar. 26th, 1752. O. S. V. Jonathan, b. June 7th, 1754, married and set- tled in South Woodstock, Vt., where two of his children Mrs. Azubali E. Farnsworth Burnham, and Miss Ann H. Farnsworth at present (Jan. 17th, 1874) reside, to whom I am indebted for many interest- ing facts relating to the Farnsworth families. VI. Azubah, b. May 342 FARNSWORTH. 29th, 1756; VII. Mary, b. Feb. 9th, 1759; VIII. Relief, b. Nov. 17th, 1762; IX. Stephen Jr., b. June 20th, 1764. Several of the above children of Stephen and Eunice Hastings Farnsworth settled in South Woodstock Vt., and after the death of their father, their mother sold her property in Charlestown, and took up her residence with them, where after a long and unusually healthy life she died June 9th, 1811, at the advanced age of 88 years. In the proprietor's records the name of Stephen Farnsworth is found on important committees ; and he held some minor oflSces in the town after its organization. He was one of the first three settlers (the others being his older brothers Samuel and David) and was one of the men demanded by the character of the times, who was prompt in ac- tion and whose courage never failed him in any emergency. He with the other settlers was a member of Captain Stevens Company for the defense of No. 4. formed June 21st, 1750. (See Muster Roll,) and proved himself one who could be relied upon in all the difficult cir- cumstances through which No. 4 and early Charlestown had to pass. Mr. Farnsworth was captured by the Indians and French on the 19th, of April 1746. Capt. John Spafford, the miller, and Lieut. Isaac Parker were also taken at the same time. The following is a traditional account of his capture and imprisonment. He had been to the saw-mill with an ox team for a load of boards, which having obtained, he had started on his way to return ; but had not gone far, when he saw some one approaching him with an Indian blanket upon his head, whom he thought to be an old hunter who was a hanger on about the settlement, by the name of Will Johnson. But on his com- ing nearer and raising his gun and pointing it at him, he saw it was an Indian. Mr. Farnsworth saw immediately that it was in vain to at- tempt an escape, as at the first indication of such an attempt he would in all probability be shot. Instead therefore of running from the Indian he started and ran directly towards him, jumping to the right and left as he went, thus zigzaging his course, supposing that if the Indian should fire at him, he would be less likely to be hit. The Indian lowered his gun as he approached and as he came up to him threw it down and grappled with Mr. Farnsworth to secure him as his prisoner. But Mr. Farnsworth being a very athletic man and much the stouter of the two, flung him to the ground with no inconsiderable violence, while the thought flashed across his mind that he would take his life. But just at that instant a Frenchman came up and with the breach of his musket gave him such a blow upon the head as to knock him to FARNSWORTH. 343 the ground and deprive him of all power of resistance. He then asked quarter of the Frenchman and gave himself up to him as his prisoner, but regretted afterwards that he had not surrendered to the Indian as he had reason to think that if he had done it, he should have received better treatment, as the Indian subsequently manifested a very kind disposition towards him. The number of French and Indians in the party was about forty, who avoided all firing lest they should alarm the garrison at the Fort. Having cut out the tongues of the oxen and taken some other portions of their meat and set fire to the mills they set out with their prisoners, (see Capt. John Spafibrd and Lieut. Isaac Parker), to return to Canada, but had proceeded scarcely a mile before they heard the alarm guns at the Fort which caused them for a considerable distance greatly to quicken their speed. After they had proceeded about a dozen miles, the party built a fire and prepared their supper from the meat and plunder they had taken, and encamped for the night. They bound the prisoners and placed each of them between two Indians in such a manner as to fore- stall every possibility of escape, and in this manner they rested the first night as well as nights afterwards till they arrived at Canada. In travelling, they kept out a rear guard of eight or ten of their number, while the main body with the prisoners was kept in the advance. They found some of the streams, which they were obliged to pass, quite difficult to ford, as they were swollen by the spring rains and more rapid than usual at that season. But in the passage of these, Mr. Farnsworth was greatly assisted by the Indian who had first attempt- ed to take him. Their journey through the wilderness was tedious and during the last part of the way, after they had eaten up the meat taken from the oxen, was attended with no small degree of hunger, as their whole dependence for food was on the game which they were able to kill in the forest. In this extremity the Indians had each a strap which they were accustomed to buckle around them, and which they would draw tighter and tighter as their hunger increased, as they thought that thereby the faintness and disagreeable feeling which they experienced from it were diminished. On reaching Canada, they had a great time as was usual when ma- rauding parties returned with booty and prisoners. Mr. Farnsworth was soon conveyed to Montreal and was confined with fifteen others in a fifteen or sixteen foot room, in the second story, which was reached by stairs not in the best order. On the commencement of winter, four of the prisoners were selected to carry up their wood, of whom Mr. 344 FARNSWORTH. Farnsworth was one. They were allowed to carry up an armful apiece, and this allowance was to last, in all circumstances, twenty-four hours. If they overloaded so as to drop a stick, they were not allowed, to stop and pick it up, but had to go on with what they had left This exerci&e of carrying up the wood Mr. Farnsworth used to say afterwards, was very beneficial to him and helped him wonderfully to endure the confinement of seventeen months which he was obliged to undergo before he was exchanged. Mrs. Farnsworth with her children removed to Lunenburg, Mass., during the continuance of her husband in captivity, and was very fe- luctant after his return to take up her abode again in No. 4. But she at length yielded to his importunity and Charlestown became her home till after his death ; when as has already been narrated she re- moved to South Woodstock Vt., to make her home with her children. Mr. Farnsworth returned from his captivity in broken health, which he never afterwards fully recovered. The last office which he held in town was that of Tythingman, not then regarded as now, to which he was elected in March, 1770. He died Sept. 6th, 1771, aged 57, leav- ing behind him the example of a brave, and good man and of a useful citizen. Ebenezer Farnsworth, (son of Josiah and Mary (Pierce) Farus- vorth), was the fourth often children, and was born in Groton, Mass., March 22nd, 1725-26. He settled in Charlestown as it is supposed, about the year 1750, was taken by the Indians with the Johnson fam- ily, Miriam Willard and Peter Labaree, Aug. 30th, 1754; and was carried to Canada, where he remained till a short time before Mon- treal was suri-endered to the English. Little is now known of the cir- cumstances of his captivity, except what is contained in the narrative of Mrs. Johnson. He settled down on his return, in Charlestown, and married Sarah family name not given. He died Nov. 6th, 1794. His wife d. in 1807, aged 82. Ch. L Levi. b. Apr. 1st, 1763 ; IL Ebenezer, jr., b. July 12th, 1765 ; d. Apr. 25th, 1813 ; m. (pub. June 24th, 1792 j, Olive Hayden ; Mrs. F., d. Dec. 24th, 1820. Ch. (order of birth uncertain). 1. Phila, m. Jan. 1815, John Parker and re- moved to Stowe, Vt.; 2. Luman H., m. Nov. 1821, Hannah Allen ; 3. Ira ; 4. Levi ; 5. Ebenezer ; 6. Charles, a blacksmith and settled near Rochester, N. Y.; 7. Seth, graduated at Dartmouth college, in 1822 — studied Theology, was ordained Oct. 3d, 1824, over the church in Ray- mond, N. H. He is always spoken of as an able preacher, and a man of deep piety. He was dismissed in 1834, ou account of the ill health FARNSWOHTH — FARWELL. 345 of his wife. After leaving Raymond, he preached at Hillsborough about a year, -when he was installed Nov. 23d, 1836. His ministry was eminently successful and happy, though short. He died March 26th, 1837, very suddenly of lung fever. In his dying moments he exclaimed, " how sweet are the employments of heaven." His loss was deeply felt by all who knew him. James Farnswoeth, (son of Josiah), b. Dec. 2nd, 1727 ; m. 1st, Su- sanna ; Ch. I. Anna, b. July 12th, 1753 ; II. Susanna, b. June 5th, 1756 ; Mrs. Susanna Farnsworth, d. July 12th, 1756, aged 26 ; m. 2nd, Sarah ; Ch. III. Sarah, b. Sept. 19th, 1758 ; IV. Joseph, b. Dec. 14th, 1760 ; V. Benjamin, b. Feb. 19th, 1763 ; VI. James, jr., b. Oct. 25th, 1767 ; VII. Jeremiah, b. May 7th, 1773. James Farnsworth, Sen., was a member of the company of Captain Phineas Stevens, for the defense of No. 4, in 1750 — was also one of the grantees under New-Hampshire. He was Lieutenant and Captain in the war of the Revolution. Oliver Farnsworth, (son of Josiah), b. Jan. 16th, 1734-5 ; is reputed to have been one of the early settlers of Springfield, Vt. His son Oliver, jr., m. Sarah Lynd, Aug. 27th, 1788. Samuel Farrington, m. Martha Pratt, and was in town from about 1809 to 1830. His grand-father, Stephen Farrington was from Andover, Mass., but removed very early to Concord, N. H., where he m. Apphia, dau. of Abraham Bradley. Towards the last part of the time that he remained in town, he was in trade with Dean Conant, in the old Dean store, now owned by Josiah White. He removed from Charlestown to Providence, R. I., and from Providence to Concord, N. H. His home in Charlestown was where Franklin W. Putnam now lives, which house he built. He became an influential citizen of Concord. (See Bouton's His. Concord.) William Farwell, originally from Mansfield, Ct., was b. Dec. 28th, 1712; and died in Charlestown, N. H., Dec. 11th, 1801. His wife Bethiah Farwell, was born in 1726, and died in Charlestown, in 1812. I give below their children and descendants. I. William, jr., b. in Mansfield, Ct., 1749; m. Phebe Crosby, Oct. 21st, 1771. They had one child, Gladen, b. Oct. 1st, 1772. He had other children, but of their names or their number I am not informed. He buried two in Charlestown, and it is said that his descendants were quite numerous at one time, in Barre, Vt, whither he removed quite late in life, and where he died Dec. 11th, 1823. It is claimed for William Farwell, jr., that he was the first person 346 FARWELL. who accepted the doctrine of Universalism in Charlestown, and the first who preached it in the State of Vermont. He was educated in orthodox Congregationalism which views he continued to hold till sometime after his marriage, when through the following providential circumstances he was led to change them. One day when his mind had been more than ordinarily troubled about his future well being, just at night-fall two men came into his house who had come into the place for the purpose of hunting deer, and such other game as the country at that time afforded, and asked him to take them for a time as boarders. To this he consented ; and in order to relieve Mrs. Farwell of some of her care while she was pre- paring their supper, he took their young child upon his knee and be- gan singing to quiet it in a low, sweet voice the hymn commencing " While Shepherds watched their flocks by night," one of the stan- zas of which runs thus : " Fear not" said he for mighty dread Had seized their troubled mind — " Glad tidings of great joy I bring To you and all mankind." When he had closed, one of the hunters asked him if he believed what he had been singing ? He replied that he did. Do you, continued the questioner, believe. That Christ's Mission will result \n " great joy to ALL PEOPLE f Farwell, perceiving the bearing of the question, knew not how to answer. The hunter then took the angel's words for his text, and went on to state the great object of Christ's mission, and to apply the promises of God to its accomplishment. The arguments to Farwell were new, and the whole subject deeply interested him. His thoughts were turned into an entirely new channel and it must suffice to say that his mind continued to dwell on the view that had been opened to him, till at length he was impressed with the full conviction that the glad tidings which the angel came to bring were Salvation for all mankind. On settling down in this belief his joy appeared to kno'*, no bounds, and there was an intense desire in his mind to have others believe what appeared to him such a blessed doctrine. So, he immediately began proclaiming his ncAV-found faith wherever he went. He first began preaching it in private houses in Charlestown, and in neighboring towns. But soon this field seemed too limited and he took long and distant journeys on foot, for spreading the principles which had so affected him, more widely. He went to Boston and preached in the pulpit of Mr. FARWELL. 347 Murray, who received him with such kindness and showed him such at- tention that he was accustomed, ever afterwards, to speak of his visit with great satisfaction. But though the doctrine he had espoused be- came to him a source of great happiness, some of the conclusions to which it led him brought him into difficulty. Looking upon it in the light of God's love and his requirements, he believed that war was wrong, and so utterly and totally opposed to all Christian principle and action, that no person who was a Christian could engage in it. He, therefore, determined that he would have nothing to do with it — that he would not even discharge the common military duties which were enjoined, by law, upon all citizens, by the State. This decision soon brought him into trouble and finally into Charlestowu jail, where he was kept for a considerable time. But his imprisonment instead of leading him to abandon his views only served to fix his mind more firm- ly in them When, therefore, after a time he was released, instead of relaxing his endeavors, he felt that there was a demand upon him, from the difliculties he had to encounter, to engage in his work only the more earnestly. All the efiect, therefore, that his imprisonment had upon him was greatly to increase his zeal and render his labors more abundant. Mr. Farwell after having resided in Charlestown till somewhat over forty years of age removed to Barre, Vt. The exact date of his remov- al has not been ascertained ; but it was somewhere between 1790 and 1795. Here he again renewed his labors, making preaching tours to Canada East, the states of Maine, New-Hampshire and New York. The summer before his death he made the tour of the last three named states. After his removal to Barre he made occasional visits to Charlestown, during one of which, in the autumn of 1815, he preached for the North Parish , for which service he received four dollars, either as a remuner- ation, or to assist him in defraying his travelling expenses. Such is the brief sketch of this pioneer of Universalism in Charles- town and Vermont. He was not distinguished either for his education or culture, for he had no advantages for gaining the former, except such as were afforded in the common schools of his time, and he was too much engaged in his life-work to think much about the latter. But the les- son he has left is one of sincerity, earnestness, perseverance and self-sac- rifice in the cause which he deemed the cause of truth, which is worthy of all admiration ; and if we do not feel like adopting his religious doc- trines, this much we may certainly say, that it would do us all good to adopt the great practical lesson of his life. II. Elizabeth, (dau. of Wil- 348 FjiRWELL. liam and Bethiah Farwell) b. in Mansfield, Ct., Aug. 12th, 1751 ; III. Bethiah, (time of birth not recorded) m. Joel Holton, of Westminster, Vt., b. July 10th, 1738. Ch. 1. Joel, b. Oct. 5th, 1769; 2. William, b. July 26th, 1771-; 3. Zoheth, b. Jan. 21st, 1773 ; 4. Jemima, b. Jan. 18th, 1775 ; d. Aug. 18th, 1777 ; 5. John, b. Feb. 11th, 1777 ; 6. Alexander, b. Jan. 19th, 1779 ; 7. Erastus, b. Feb. 6th, 1781 ; d. Feb. 12th, 1781 ; 8. Bethiah, b. Mar. 7th, 1782 ; 9. Erastus, b. Feb. 19th, 1784 ; d. May 3d, 1800 ; 10. Jemima, b. May 28th, 1786 ; d. July 7th, 1865 ; 11. Elisha, b. May 1st, 1788 ; d. Feb. 1st, 1790 ; 12. Isaac, b. March 13th, 1790. Nearly all the above who lived to maturity married and had families, (see descendants of Joel Holton, Westminster, Vt.); IV. Joseph, (no record of birth) m. Polly . Ch. 1. Joseph, b. Apr. 6th, 1781 ; 2. Ira, b. Sept. 28th, 1786 . 3. Polly, b. Feb. 16th, 1792. Joseph Farwell, sen. was one of the representatives from Charles- town at the battle of Bunker Hill ; V. Isaac, b. in Walpole, N. H., Oct. 29th, 1763; m. Prudence Allen, (dau. of Benjamin and Peggy Al- len) b. May 14th, 1769 ; VI. David, b., in Westminister, Vt., March 6th, 1766. VII. Jesse, b. in Charlestown, N. H., Aug. 15th, 1768 ; m. Abigail Allen (dau. of Benjamin and Peggy Allen) b. Feb. 8th, 1784. Mr. Farwell died Oct. 28th, 1844. His whole life was spent in North Charlestown, where he established a character and exercised an influence that rendered him a highly esteemed and most valuable mem- ber of the community. As a man he has been described as having been conscientious, upright and honorable in all his dealings, and as having, to the close of life, sustained, in every respect, an unblemished reputa- tion. In religious belief he was a Universalist of the Murray school, in which faith he lived and died. He made many friends, and his mem- ory, by the aged in that section of the town where he dwelt, is still warmly cherished. Ch. of Jesse and Abigail (Allen) Farwell : 1. Bethiah, b. Dec. 3d, 1793; d. June 12th, 1874; 2. Peggy, b. Oct. 17th, 1795; m. Asa Meacham, (see Meacham); 3. William, b. Aug. 11th, 1797 ; d., in Buf- falo, N. Y., June 21st, 1862; m. Nov. 27th, 1822, Sophia Putnam, b. June 30th, 1800. In an obituary notice of William Farwell, written at the time of his death, the following passages occur : "The deceased came from Charlestown, N. H. about six years ago. He was a man of excel- lent character, and highly esteemed by all who knew him. He was an affectionate husband, a loving father, an upright citizen ; walking in the light of the Christian religion. He was sick for a long time, and when FARWELL. 349 the struggle was over his body was taken back to Charlestown for inter- ment." Ch. (1) Caroline H., b. Oct. 22nd, 1823 ; d., at Buffalo, N. Y., June 22nd, 1863 ; m., Feb. 22nd, 1852, George Meacham ; one child, Henry F., b. at North Charlestown, Feb. 5th, 1853 ; (2) Henry Dela- no, b., in Elmore, Vt., Apr. 4th, 1826 ; m. Lucy A. Pierce, of Buffalo, N. Y., Nov. 4th, 1851. Ch. [1] William D., b. Jan. 12th, 1853 ; d. Feb. 12th, 1853 ; [2] Carrie M., b. March 20th, 1854; [3] Julia P., b. Sept. 3d, 1862 ; [4] Jennie W., b. Nov. 12th, 1864, d. Nov. 20th, 1866; [5] Lucy A. b. July 21st, 1871. Henry Delano Farwell now resides in Buffalo, N. Y.; 4. Malinda, b. 1799 ; d. May 11th, 1803 ; 5. Horace, b. June 20th, 1802; d. at Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 22nd. 1834. 6. George, b. June 27th, 1804; m. Sept. 11th, 1827, Aurilla Brow- nell, b. in Little Compton, R. I., March 25th, 1804. George Farwell, whose death occurred Nov. ■15th, 1875, was a valuable citizen, and long known as one of the substantial men of the North part of the town. His life was eminently characterized by sobriety, integrity and fidelity in all business transactions ; and in all trusts which were com- mitted to him. They had the following children. (1) John Howland, b. Feb. 3d, 1830; m. June 4th, 1865, Jennie L. Eaton, of Chicago, who was b. in Canada West, April 4th, 1843. Ch. [1] Harry E., b. at Detroit, Mich., May 22d, 1867 ; d. at Grand Rapids, Aug. 24th, 1875 ; [2] John C, b. at Grand Rapids, April 30th, 1870 ; (2) James H., b. Feb. 27th, 1832; m. Sept. 1868, Henrietta E. Kuhl, of Stock- ton, Cal. They have three children and reside in Stockton. (3) Jesse H., b. Jan. 22d, 1834; m. April 24th, 1859, Emer J. Godfrey, of De- troit, b. Oct. 1st, 1841. Ch. [1] George, b. Oct. 3d, 1863 ; [2] Jere- miah Godfrey, b. June 26th, 1868; [3] Emer J., b. Dec. 31st, 1875. Jesse H. now resides in Detroit, Mich. (4) Sarah, b. Oct. 30th, 1836 ; d. Feb. 12th, 1858; (5) Martha, b. July 14th, 1841; d. Sept. 12th, 1843; (6) David E., b. March 20th, 1845; m. March 20th, 1869, Etta M. Barker, b. June 23d, 1847. 7. Lewis, (son of Jesse and Abigal Farwell), b. Sept. 16th, 1806 ; m. Jan. 14th, 1833, Sylvia Sturtevant, b. March 12th, 1806; Ch. (1) Abby, b. Feb. 2nd, 1834 ; m. Thomas Howes, Oct. 17th, 1853, and d. in Mattapoisett, Mass., June 3d, 1854 ; (2) William E., b. Jan. 7th, 1836 ; m. June 7th, 1859, Rebecca A. Chase, of New Bedford, Mass. They have three children and reside in New Bedford. (3) George Lewis, b. May 17th, 1838, resides in Buffalo, N. Y.; (4) Mary Ann, b. Sept. 23d, 1841 ; m. May 15th, 1866, in North Charlestown, Rev. Charles J. Shrimpton, of Stillwater, N. Y.— have three children ; (5) George- 350 FAKWELL. anna, b. Feb. 9th, 1843 ; m. Levi Blossom, of Mattapoisett, Mass.; (6) Ellen, b. Oct. 9th, 1846 ; in. Henry Hamlin, of North Charlestown. Lewis Farwell, whose family is given above, was one of the selectmen of Charlestown for the years 1845-46 and '47. He died at Acapulco, Mexico, June 21st, 1852. 8. Melinda, (dau. of 'Jesse and Abigail Farwell), b. Sept. 1809 ; d. July 1848 ; m. Joseph Denison, of Leyden, Mass.; one son, An- drew J., resides in Chicago. 9. Eldridge, b. March 13th, 1812 ; m, 1st, Lucy Barden ; m. 2nd, Nancy Hathaway ; d. in Buffalo, N. Y., Jan. 27th, 1864. Eldridge Farwell removed to Bufialo, in 1835 ; and in 1837, opened an establishment for the manufacture of coffins, the first that was ever opened in that city. In 1843, he was Alderman from the old Fifth Ward, and in the Common Council was Chairman of the Committee on Schools, and took an active interest in establish- ing and sustaining the free school system. In 1853, his health requir- ing a change he removed to Chicktowaga, where for several years he represented the town in the Board of Supervisors. At the time of his death he was one of the Commissioners of the Erie County Peniten- tiary. In these and other positions of public and private trust, he bore himself with credit and success, and always with unquestioned integrity. 10. Matilda, b. Aug. 30th, 1814; m. Seth Meacham, Oct. 22d, 1836. (See Meacham). VIII. Eldridge, (son of William and Bethiah Farwell), b. March 6th, 1770. Col. Isaac Farwell was the son of Daniel and Mary Farwell, and was born in Groton, Mass., March 28th, 1744. He was the third of eight children, bearing the names of Daniel, Anna, Isaac, Timothy, Mary, Edmund, Zaccheus, and Benjamin. The date of his settlement in Charlestown has not been ascertained, nor any important incidents of his life before the commencement of the war of the Revolution. At the battle of Bunker Hill, he was First Lieutenant, in Co. No. 1, John Marcy, Captain, in the Third N. H., Regiment, commanded by Col. James Reed. This Regiment did good service. (For Farwell's pecuniary loss, see vol. VII., N. H., Provincial Records, page 597). After the battle he continued with the army. In April 1777, he received the commission of Captain, of Co. No. 1, of the First N. H., Regiment, under the command of Col. Joseph Cilley of Nottingham. In this capacity, he served his country till Nov. 1782. The following soldiers from Charlestown were members of his company. Gilbert Caswell, Lemuel Royce, Nathaniel Powers, Simeon Powers, William Leighton, Timothy Newton, Silas Porter, Aaron Adams. During the FARWBLL — FINNEGAN. 351 war he only rose to the rank of Captain, but he was afterwards Col- onel, probably in the Militia. On his tomb stone, in the village cem- etery at Charlestown, is the following INSCRIPTION. " In memory of Col. Isaac Farwell who, having in an eight years vigorous war bravely combatted the enemies of his country, fell a vic- tim to the last of enemies, to whom the bravest and weakest must finally submit, on the 31st of Dec. 1791, in the 47th year of his age." Col. Farwell m. Abigail, 3d child of Capt. Ephraim and Joanna (Bellows) Wetherbe, and widow of James Nutting Willard, son of Lieut. Moses and Susanna (Hastings) Willard. Ch. I. Sophia, b. in 1775 ; m. Jason "Wetherbe ; (See Wetherbe) II. Merriam, b. Sept. 9th, 1780; d. in Charlestown, unmarried. III. Eliza, b. Oct. 14th, 1782 ; m. Levi Moore, of Montreal — ^left two daughters. JosiAH AND Lydia Faewell came from Chester, Vt., Sept. 22nd, 1766 ; Ch. Lydia, Josiah, Mary, Joseph, Anna, Oliver, and Deborah. Josiah Farwell, jr., m. Mary Lathan, June 21st, 1795; Ch. 1. Mary, b. Feb. 15th, 1796 ; 2. William Henry, b. Feb. 28th, 1797 ; 3. Sabra, b. Apr. 19th, 1799. Elisha and Sarah Farwell, Ch.; I. Sally, b. July 28th, 1776 ; n. Elisha, b. Nov. 2nd, 1777; III. Isaac, b. June 4th, 1780 ; IV. Pol- ly, b. Aug. 9th, 1782 ; V. John, b. May 10th, 1785, in Springfield, Vt.; VL William, b. March 4th, 1787, in Springfield, Vt. John W. Ferguson, (son of Edward and Keziah (Willis) Ferguson) b. in Frelisburg, Canada East, June 11th, 1826; m. Sept. 24th, 1851 ; Hannah H. Chadborn, (dau. of Benjamin and Sally (Cady) Chad- born) b June 6th, 1826 ; in Cornish, N. H. Ch. L Clara E., b. in Frelisburg, Aug. Jlth, 1852; II. Martha A., b. iu Cornish, N. H., Dec. 16th, 1854 ; III. Edward B., b. in Charlestown, Jan. 9th, 1861 ; IV. Arthur W., b. Feb. 22ud, 1863— Mr. Ferguson came to Charles- town in October, 1856. Daniel Finnegan, (son of Patrick and Mary (Real) Finnegan) b. 1804, Co. of Cavan, Province of Ulster, Ireland ; m. Nov. 1st, 1830 ; Elizabeth Mc Naboe, (dau. of John and Elizabeth (Gilroy) Mc Naboe) b. in Co. of Langford, Ireland, Nov. 1st, 1812. Came to America, 1831, settled in Charlestown 1839. Ch. L John, b. Aug. 6th, 1832; m. 1854, Mille Fairbanks of Springfield, Vt. — He was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, in a Connecticut Regiment;— d. in Bradford, Vt., Jan. 17th, 1871— They had one child 352 FISH — FISHER. b. Oct. 15tli, 1858, now the wife of Charles Lockwood, of Charlestown ; m. Jan. 1st, 1872. Ch. (1) Edward, (2) d. unnamed. II. William Henry, b. Apr. 17th, 1836 ; d. July 27th, 1867, at San Fransisco Cal- ifornia. III. Thomas, b. Aug. 23d, 1840 ; m. Maria Wheelan, Brook- lyn, N. Y., no children. He is now a member of the United States Detective force. (See Soldiers in War of Rebellion.) IV. James, b. Dec. 3d, 1849 ; m. July, 1870, Sarah Cody, b. in Prince Edward's Is- land— Ch. 1. John Henry, 2. Elizabeth M., b. Oct. 24th, 1875 ; V. Frank, b. April, 16th, 1855. John S. Fish, (son of Joseph and Nancy (Crosby) Fish), b. in Put- ney, Vt., Dec. 14th, 1834; m., Dec. 14th, 1864, Ellen L. Richardson, (dau. of Jerastus and Eleanor (Lane) Richardson) b. in Westminster, Vt., Sept. 1st, 1833. Came to Charlestown, Apr. 1st, 1867. Isaac Fishee came into town about 1799 and continued in town eight or ten years, when he removed to Springfield, Vt., of which place he became a valuable citizen. He had several children, but I do not know the time or the order of their birth. He used to live in a house which stood where " Rose Cottage " now stands, on the left hand of the road, in the hollow, just north of the village, as you go to Springfield. His business was to take charge of the grist mill, belonging to Captain John Willard, which stood on the brook on the same side of the road as the house. > Mr. Fisher was lively and witty, but I can only give the follow- ing anecdote of him. It was quite popular seventy years ago for many religious people to make, what we should appropriately term now, ex- travagant confessions of their sinfulness and ill-desert. Among those who used to do this was a Deacon C, who was a very excellent and truthful man, but who thought it necessary, when he got into a religious conference meeting to tell how bad he had been,- supposing, doubtless, that thereby his piety would appear to better advantage. One time, after he had made a peculiarly humble confession, of this sort, Mr. Fisher, who was in the meeting, got up, and, in his very pleasant manner, said, "My friends I am sorry, very sorry to hear Deacon C. say what he has. I have had a good many dealings with him, and I must say, notwithstanding all he has just said of himself, I cannot but think he has dealt honestly with me. But if he is such a man as he tells for, I shall have to begin to look out for him. Yet I feel, after aU, like trusting him a little long- er, for I had a great deal rather believe that what he has now said is not true, than to look upon all his past life as a l^e." Deacon C. made no more confessions of the kind. FISHER — FITCH. 353 Albert H. Fisher m. Aug. 1848, Sarah Jane Dunsmoor, (dau. of John and Polly (Sartell) Dunsmoor) b., in Charlestown, Sept. 14th, 1816. Mr. F. d. in Charlestown, Oct. 22nd, 1872. Ch. I. Emma Jane, b. Oct. 2nd, 1849 ; m.. Oct. 3d, 1869, James Edward Finley, then of West Peabody, Mass , now of Chester, Vt. (1875). Ch. 1. Albert Henry, b. Apr. 20th, 1870 ; 2. Emma Lizzie, b. Dec. 26th, 1872 ; II. Mary Lizzie, b. Sept. 2nd, 1853. Aaron Fisk married Hannah Laughtou and lived for a number of years in Charlestown. He died in February, 1862, in Jaffrey, N. H. Mrs. Fisk died in Lowell, Mass. in 1847. Ch. I. Rosaltha, m. Harvey Clark and lived and died in Charlestown. Ch. 1, Hannah Janette ; 2: Helen ; 3. Frank ; II. Frances Maria, m. Samuel Baldwin, and lives in Langdon ; III. Orrisa Ann, m. George Fuller ; d. in the State of Maine ; IV. Artemisia, m. Albert Fisk, of Claremont, and lives iu Keene; V. John \V., m. Arvilla Dodge; lived in Charlestown about twenty years ; now lives in South Acworth. Ch. 1. Algine Aaron ; 2. Leon Nahum ; 3. Flora ; VI. James Wilson, b. in Dalton, N. H., Oct 19th, 1835; m., Apr. 28th, 1861, Mary Jane Sharp, (dau. of John and Margarette (Patterson) Sharp), b. June 15th, 1837, in Greensboro, Vt. He has resided in Charlestown, excepting a short interval, for over twenty years. Ch. 1. Elmer ^V., b., in Acworth, Feb. 26th, 1863 ; d. Sept. 20th, 1865 ; 2. Freeman Edgar, b., in Acworth, Jan. 11th, 1867 ; 3. Dickie G., b. in Charlestown, Sept. 9th, 1866 ; 4. Alvin W., b. Aug. 13th, 1868 ; 5. John Henry, b. Nov. 17th, 1870 ; 6. George S., b. Aug. 25th, 1873 ; VII. Orin R., b. Sept. 4th. 1837 ; m., March 2nd, 1865. Belinda D. Eaton, (dau, of Darius and Belinda (Spencer) Eaton) of Acworth, b. Sept. 29th, 1840. Ch. 1. Martina Helen, b. Dec. 12th, 1865; 2. Nellie Louisa, b. July 19th, 1868 ; 3. Fannie Maria, b. Nov. 1st, 1870 ; 4. Walter Harry, b. Apr. 20th, 1873 ; d. Aug. 26th, 1874; 6. Wesley Herbert, b. Apr. 15th, 1874 ; VIII. William Andrew, d. in Concord, N. H., Apr. 1869 aged 22 ; IX. Adelaide Anna, d., in Low,ell, Mass., aged 2 years. The paternal ancestors of the Fisk family were from Petersham, Mass.; the maternal from Swansey, N. H. Capt. Beriah Fitch, son of Jonathan Gorham Fitch, of Nantuck- et, came to Charlestown in 1810, and settled in the north part of the town. He was a sea captain, and had married, twelve years previously, Sally Delano, (dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth (Swain) Dalano) also of Nantucket. They had two children, who settled in Charlestown. I. Eliza, b. Jan. 5th, 1800, who m. Jennison J. Hubbard, (see Hubbard^; II. Lydia C, who m. Enoch Hammond West, Esq. (see West). 354: FLETCHER — FLING, Ebenezek Fletcher came to town in 1808 ; removed in 1824. He built the last house at the north end of the west side of Main St., now owned by Mrs. Harriet M. Baker. The house now standing first south of the " Fletcher House," as it is called, was his shop. The name of his wife is not recollected. His children were Eliza L., Hiram A., now a distinguished lawyer in Lancaster, N. H., Kimball Batcheller, Mary and Lucy. He used to do a great deal of work connected with Capt. John Willard's sawmill, which was situated at the right hand of the road leading to Springfield. He removed from Charlestown to the north part of the state, to what was then called Indian Stream. When he went from town, his household goods were drawn by a pair of oxen, harnessed one before the other. A very good character is given him by those who knew him. Samuel Laselle Fletchee (son of Joel and Dolly (Silsby) Fletch- er) b. at Orwell, Vt., April, 1820 ; in., Dec, 1846, at Claremont, Cath- erine Macauley Jones, (dau. of Abraham and Susan (Long) Jones) b. at Claremont. May, 1824 Ch. I. Ellen Louisa, b. May 4th, 1849 ; established in business in C. as a watchmaker and jeweller, (1874); II. Katie Marselia, b. Apr. 14th, 1851 ; d., Feb. 17th, 1866; III. Mary Eliza, b. July 22ud, 1854. Mr. Fletcher has made his home in Charlesr town, since 1836 or '37. He was town clerk in 1849. Elisha Fling lived in the small house on the cross road, from the road to Springfield and Hall's Mills, which is now occupied by Israel Gibson. Both his character and culture will be understood and appre- ciated by the following list of his taxable efiects which he made out and presented in due form to the listers, and which is now found in the rec- ords of the town. It is inserted in this work by request : " Into your list, I give my poll, With one red cow that's six years old ; With one small house, and acre of land, The soil of which is filled with sand. Six dung-hill fowls, and one old cat. Which clears the house of every rat ; One sow pig, and fifteen sheep, Which jump so bad, I'm plagued to keep. My loving wife, it's known full well. She works like sin and scolds pell-mell ; Three boys, two girls, so smart you'll find , They are a comfort to my mind. FRANKLIN— FROST. 355 That's all I've got. I have no more Thif5 eighteen hundred thirty four ; To you, dear sir my list I liring, And subscribe myself, Elisha Fling. Mr. Fling m., 1st, Belinda , who d., March 5th, 1842, aged 48. Ch. ( I give the order but am not certain of its correctness. ) I. Wil- liam, who obtained such an education that he was licensed to preach — is now a teacher at the west ; II. George ; III. Sarah ; IV. Rebecca ; V. Richard ; m., 2nd, Phyla Parker, We have his testimony that his children were smart, and were a comfort to him. What more could a parent desire ? Two other persons of the name, Lester Fling and Abel Fling, married and lived in town for awhile. Lester m. Polly Russell, Dec. 1790. Abel m. Susanna Alvord, June 10th 1793— know nothing of their families. Ezra Franklin, son of Jonathan Franklin, b. at Lyme, N. H., Oct. 5th, 1813; m. Nov. 16th, 1865, Martha Ellen Bowman, (dau. of Samuel and Lucy (Gardner) Bowman), b. July 24th, 1826, at Charles- town, N. H., where (1874) she still lives. Ch. I. Henry De Haven, b. Nov. 12th, 1866. II. May, b. May 1st, 1868. Mr. Eranklin died March 2d, 1872. (See Bowman.) Lee French, m. Levina Hodgkins, (dau. of John Hodgkius), (see Hcdgkins), and had the following children. I. Willard H., b. in Chiirlestown, Sept. 21st, 1816 ; m. 1st, Dec. 24th, 1837, Susan Wil- lard, (dau. of Wait and Susan (Minard) Willard); Ch. 1. Frances El- len, b. Oct. 9th, 1839 ; d. June 28th, 1866 ; 2. Caroline Isadore, b. June 29th, 1842; d. Oct. 7th, 1858. Mrs. French d. July 19th, 1861. He m. 2d, Oct. 23d, 1873, Mrs. Elizabeth (Henderson) Hood, b. June 20th, 1835. W. H. French spent the early part of his life in C, and returned in 1873. II. Martha W., b. in Litchfield, Ct. III. Abel, b. in Litchfield, Ct., is now (1875) living in Iowa. Thomas Frost, b. August 30th, 1776 ; m. Feb. 13th, 1805, in Jaf- frey, N. H., Betsy Butters, from which place he removed to Charles- town in 1814. Ch. I. Horace, b. May 2ud, 1806 ; m. Jan. 19th, 1832, Melinda, (dau. of Frederick and Anna (Farwell) Locke), b. March 9th, 1804, and died Feb. 22d, 187L Ch. 1. Henry Locke, b. March 8th, 1837; m. Apr. 8th, 1867, Olive P. Wright, (dau. of William and Harriet E. Wright), b. in Burdette, Tompkins, Co., New York, March 15th, 1846 ; Ch. (1) Mertie Melinda, b. Jan. 30th, 1866, in Farmington, Jeff. Co., Wis. (2) Helen Amelia, b. July 30th, 1869, in Hardin, Har- din Co., Iowa. (3) James Edward, b. March 9th, 1871, in Oakland, 356 FROST— FDLLER. Iowa. (4) Mary Esther, b. Oct. 4th, 1873, in Charlestown, N. H. 2. Ed- win, b. May 4th, 1839 ; m. 1866, Katie Whipple; Ch. (1) Alice Maria, b. Dec. 25th, 1867 ; (2) Bertha, b. July 1871 ; (3) Mabel, b. 1874. Edwin Frost lives in Peoria, 111. 3. Maria, b. Nov. 26th, 1840 ; 4. Lewis, b. Sept. 4th, 1842, ia a physician at Mechanicsburgh, 111. 5. James, b. July 25th, 1848, is (Jan. 1876), a member of Tuft's College, Medford, Mass. II. Pamelia. III. Rufus K. IV. Thomas, b. in Jaf- frey, N. H., July 15th, 1811 ; m. Julia L. Shurtleff, of Charlestown. Ch. 1. Nancy, d. in infancy ; 2. William, b. Sept. 17th, 1837 ; 3. Martha, d. in infancy ; 4. Rufus H., b. Jan. 23d, 1842, resides in Springfield, 111.; 5. Hiland L., b. Dec. 8th, 1840; m. Nellie M. Learned, June 23d, 1868 ; 6. Herbert L., b. Nov. 23d, 1850. V. Al- vin, b. in Jaffrey, N. H., Oct. 23d, 1812 ; m. Mar. 20th, 1850, Cynthia Clark. Ch. 1. Newton Alvin, b. Nov. 6th, 1851, is married and settled as a watchmaker and jeweler, in Hanover, N. H. 2. Helen Jane, b. Dec. 26th, 1853 ; m. Erank Woods. 3. Martha Ann, b. Nov. 4th, 1865. Alvin Frost was one of the selectmen in 1856-59-70. He d. Feb. 12th, 1875. VI. Orinda. VII. George W. Frost son of Thomas ~and Bet- sy (Butters) Frost ; m. Sept. 5th, 1839, Sarah Stoddard, of Charles- town, N. H. Ch. 1. Lizzie Stoddard, b. June 15th, 1841 ; m. Sept. 19th, 1870, W. Roland Bailey, of Kingston, Mass. — one son, Roland, b. Sept. 14th, 1871. Mr. Bailey was lost at sea Jan. 15th, 1872. 2. Sophia Willard, b. Jan. 21, 1843 ; m. Jan. 25th, 1862, Charles Bux- ton, of Londonderry, N. H.; one child, Lizzie Sophia, b. Sept. 12th, :^862 ; d. Oct. 19th, 1864. Mr. Buxton recruited company G., in the 11th Vt., Heavy Artillery, was chosen its Captain — promoted to Major. This brave and greatly beloved ofiBcer was killed at the battle of Win- chester, Sept. 19th, 1864. 3. George Henry, b. June 5th, 1845 — enlist- ed in the 1st New-Hampshire Cavalry, 1862, and served during the war. 4. Edna Francina, b. Oct. 2nd, 1849; m. Jan. 20th, 1870, Charles H. Leach, of Waterville, Vt. One child, Herbert, b. April 30th, 1870. 5. Fannie Estelle, b. July 3d, 1854; m. Apr. 1st, 1872, Frank Cunha, of Grascioza,. Portugal. 6. Pliny Taylor, b. Jan. 3d, 1857. VIII. Attaline. IX. Caroline. X. Susan. XI. Henry. XII. Henry Cyrus. XIII. Roania C. MicAH Fuller, m. Lois Sartwell (dau. of Obadiah and Rachel (Par- ker) Sartwell) b. in Groton, Mass., July 4th, 1724 — no record of chil- dren — Page 197 in the Proprietors' Records is the following " Voted, that the sum of twelve pounds lawful money of the Province of Mas- sachusetts Bay be allowed to Captain John SpafFord, Lieut. Moses FULLER — GARFIELD. 357 Willard, Lieut. Isaac Parker, Lieut. John Sawyer, Mr. Seth Walker, Lieut. James Johnson, Simon Sartwell, Nathaniel Parker, James Farnsworth, Ebenezer Putnam, to enable them to pay Micah Fuller, Blacksmith, the money they became obliged to pay to said Fuller, on be- half of the proprietors, for his coming and setting up the trade of Black- smith in town." He was one of the signers of the petition to Massa- chusetts Sept. 8th, 1755, for aid to assist the inhabitants of Charles- town in defending the place. (See page 70.) James Harvey Fuller, (son of Abel and Phebe (Hawkins) Fuller of Putney, Vt.,) b. 1825 ; ra. Jan. 24th, 1858, Augusta Ann Folsom (dau. of Andrew and Nancy (Leavett) Folsom) b. July 12th, 1835; came to C, in May, 1871 — One/;hilfl, Eva Augusta, b. June 5th, 1860. Michael Galvin (son of Michael and Mary(Lartin) Galvin) Co. Clare, Ireland, m. Sept. 8th, 1851, Bridget Madigan, (dau. of Dennis and Ann (McCarty) Madigan) Co. Clare, Ireland) b. 1816; One child, Kate Galvin, b. Oct. 16th, 1852. Thomas Gardner, (son of Joseph), b. June 26th, 1846 ; m. Oct. 16th, 1865, Cleminy Ashey, (dau. of Louis and Cntliarine Ashey,) b. Feb. 25th, 1847 ;— Ch. L Thomas, b. Aug. 21st, 1867 ;— II. Mary Ann, b. Jan. 2nd, 1869; d. June, 1869; III. Mitchel Oraer, b. May 31st, 1870 ; IV. Cleminy Emma, b. Oct. 24th, 1871 ; V. Joseph Lewis, b. Aug. 17th, 1875. Came to C, from Canada, 1869. John Garfield (son of Joseph and Abigail (Persons) Garfield, of Spencer, Mass.) b. July 26th, 1771 ; m. Feb. 16th, 1800, Susan Rogers (dau. of Benjamin and Susan (Battles) Rogers) b. in Charlestown, Oct. 18th, 1773 ; Ch. L "William, b. March 19th, 1801 ; m. 1st, Dec. 20th, 1827, Betsey Pollard (dau. of Samuel and Betsey Pollard.) One child Harriet, b. April, 1829, m. Henry How, of Claremont ; had one child, Flora, and d. Jan. 9th, 1855 ; Mrs. Garfield d. May 12th, 1830— He m. 2nd, Nov. 21st, 1833, Anna Walker and had children ; 1. Betsy, b. April 1835 : d. Jan.. 1855 ; 2. George, b. 1837 ; d. April, 7th, 1863 ; 3. Sarah, b. May 1840 ; m. Albert Frost and lives in Peterborough, N. H. 4. Marriette, b. Nov. 1841 ; m. Carlton Hurd, and lives in Newport, N. H. 5. Mary Ann, b. 1846 ; d. June 28th, 1871. II. Su- san b. Oct. 10th, 1803 ; m. April 19th, 1831 ; Burrill Porter (see Por- ter). IIL Abigail b. Nov. 3d, 1805 ; ni. Dec. 25th, 1828, Lewis H. Walker — One child, Lizzie, m. FredCooley. Mr. Walker d. July 1st, 1843. IV. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 21st, 1808 ; m. April 5th, 1837, War- ren Dodge — had two children, Fred and Ursula — d. 1844 ; V. John 358 GAY — GEER. Gilbert, b. Dec. 3d, 1817; d. Oct. 17th, 1846; VI. Mary, b, April 9th, 1820; d.Aug. 12th, 1849. Lewis Gay, b. in Stoughton, Mass., Apr. 24fh, 1785 ; m. Nov. 2nd, 1813, Elizabeth Gay, b. in Canton, Mass., Oct. Uth, 1784. He settled at first, in Canton, from whence after the birth of four children, he removed in Oct., 1828, to Charlestowu, N. H. Ch. I. Lavinia, b. Jan. 1st, 1815; d. March 10th, 1869. II. Lewis, jr., b. Feb. 12th, 1820; m. May 4th, 1843, Hannah E. Howard, b. in Marlow, N. H., Jan. 5th, 1822. Ch. 1. Sarah E., b. Apr. 4th, 1844. 2. Martha E., b. Sept. 11th, 1850. 3. Eva L., b. March 22nd, 18-52. 4. Sumner F., b. Oct. 14th, 1856. 5. Clara J., b. March 1st, 1861 ; d. Sept. 12th, 1861. III. Isaac N., b. March 11th, 1826. IV. Charles, b. Sept. 7th, 1828 ; m. Jan. 6th, 1853, Elizabeth A. Richardson, b. in Cornish, N. H., Oct. 26th, 1831. Ch. 1. Edwin v., b. Sept. 27th, 1854. 2. Arthur H., b. Oct. 22nd, 1867 ; d. Dec. 10th, 1870. 3. Carrie H, b. Dec. 7th, 1870. Charles Gay was 2nd Selectman in 1861 and 62 ; 1st, in 1863, '64 and '65 ; 3d, in 1873; and second Representative in 1866 and '67. Eliza- beth wife of Lewis Gay, Sen., d. Jan. 3d, 1839. He m. 2nd, June 25th, 1839, Lorinda Howard, b. in Alstead, N. H., Nov. 25th, 1802. His 2nd wife d. in May 1858, and Mr. Gay d. July 8th, 1861. Thomas, Shubael and Seth Geer came from England and settled in New York and Connecticut. Thomas, son of Seth, m. Mary Pease and came to Charlestown from Enfield, Ct., in May, 1780. He came with a yoke of oxen, and a cart in which was stowed his wife and four chil- dren, and household goods. The cart was the first vehicle of the kind, (such is the tradition) ever seen in Charlestown. He was on his way hither on the dark day which occurred on the 19th of May, 1780; and was obliged, on account of the darkness, to stop and put up. On com- ing to C, he first lived in a house near the present residence of J. G. Briggs, Jr. Esq., and had a tannery to the north of it. He also car- ried on the business of shoe making. He afterwards built the house now standing on the north-east corner of East and Sullivan streets ; also a small shoe shop, such as was then common in New England, and devoted himself to shoe making entirely. Mrs. Geer was a mil- liner and dress maker — the only one in town at that time. After moving into their new house, the family were frequently entertained by the howling of wolves which used to come down at night from the deep forests, and prowl around the door. Mr. Geer died at the age of 89 ; Mrs. Geer at the age of 92. Ch. I. Horace, b. March 20th, 1773 ; m. Nancy Owen ; II. Wil- GEER — GIBBS. 359 Ham, b. Dec. 3d, 1775 ; III. Mary, b. March 29th, 1778 ; IV Philo- thea, b July 19th, 1780; m. Lemuel T. Cheney, of Westmoreland, Jan. 18th, 1802 ; V. Sybil, b. Apr. 11th, 1783 ; m. Henry Bostwick, , N. Y.; VI. Thomas, b. Aug. 13th, 1785 ; m. Nancy Wood- bridge ; VII. Seth, b. June 30th, 1788; m. Mary Pier and settled ia Vergennes, Vt.; VIII. Noah Phelps, b. May 28th, 1791 ; IX. Cyuthia, b. Sept. 11th, 1793 ; ra. Peter Boynton. Noah Phelps Geer m , Feb. 8th, 1814, Sally Buckraan, b. July 25th, 1791, with whom he lived ou the old Geer homestead, pursuing the trade of his father for 57 years. Mrs. Geer spun and wove all the cloth for her children's clothes, also the shoe thread for her husband — turning the wheel with one foot, while she rocked the cradle with the other. Mr. Geer d. May 22ad, 1871 ; Mrs. Geer, June 10th, 1873. Ch. 1. John, b. May 4th, 1815 ; m. Lucia Carpenter, of Montpelier, Vt.; ,2. Anna, b. Nov. 4th, 1817; m. E. H. Russell, of Nantucket; 3. Seth, b. Sept. 24th, 1819 ; ra. Angie De Groff, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; 4. Mary, to whom the writer is indebted for these facts, relating to the G«er family, resides at present (1875) in AValpole, N. H., b. Dec. 20th, 1821 ; 5. Maria, b. May 5th, 1823 ; m. A. K. Maynard, of Walpole, N. H.; 6. William, b. Feb. 23d, 1826 ; m. A. Emergene Crosby, dau. of John Crosby ; 7. Sybil, b. Sept. 9th, 1827 ; m. Henry Turner, of Turner, Me.; 8. Lizzie or Elizabeth, b. June 10th, 1829 ; m. E. H. Wentworth, of Lowell, Mass.; 9. Sarah, b. Feb. 7th, 1831 ; ra. Dana Slade, of Alstead, N. H.; 10. James, b. June 12th, 1836; d. Jan. 20th, 1866. Two children named Rebecca, died in iufancy — the 1st, b. May 26th, 1833 ; the 2nd, Jan. 6th, 1840. The following are from the town Records. Shdbael and Saeah Geee. Ch. I. William, b. Sept. 25th, 1769. II. Cynthia, b. March 19th, 1771 ; At and over in the County of Cumberland in the Province of New York. Wm. was the first child born in said town, Andover^Vt.; III. Ralph, b. Oct. 24th, 1777. Ebenezee AifD Saeah Geee. Ch. I. Abigail, b. Apr. 6th, 1775 ; IL Martin, b. Dec. 20th, 1776; d. Sept. 11th, 1777. Mrs. Sarah Geer d. Feb. 23d, 1777. Geoege and Anna Geije. Ch. Royal, b. March 5th, 1789,. Waltee Geee m. Lucy Allen, (dau. of Benjamin and Peggy (Spaf- ford) Allen) b. March 28th, 1758. Ch. I. Harmony, b. in Lebanon, N. H., June 27th, 1784 ; II. Dan, b. in Windsor, Vt, Nov. 7th, 1786 ; III. Lucy, b. Jan. 29th, 1789. Jesse S. Gibes, (son of Silas S. and Hannah (Wrightington) Gibbs) £60 GIBSON — GILCHRIST. b., ill Agawam. Mass., July 17th, 1837 ; m., Nov. 24th, 1863, Sarah H. Knights, (dau. of William, jr. and Miriam S. (Thomson) Knights) b. in Marblehead, Mass., Aug. 28th, 1843. Ch. I. Frank K., b., in Lynn, Mass., Apr. 5th, 1865 ; II. William K.. b., ia Lynn. Mass., Nov. 18th, 1867 ; III. Jesse, b., in Marblehead, Mass., July 28th, 1869. Mr. Gibbs came to C. in 1868. Israel Gibson, b. Apr. 24th, 1811, in Fitchburg, Mass.; m., Oct. 18th, 1836, Sarah A. Gibson, b. Apr. 11th, 1816, at Royalston, Mass. Ch. I. Israel G., b , at Gilsum, N. H., Nov. 26th, 1838 ; m. Mrs. El- len P. Stearns, (dau. of Lewis and Elvira (IJundy) Adams) b. Feb. 27th, 1834. One child, Laura B., b. Apr. 23d, 1869. (see Adams); II. George W., b., in Petersham, Mass., June 20th, 1840 ; III. William S., b., in Petersham, Mass., Feb. 22ad, 1841 ; m., Dec. 24th, 1807, Caro- line E. Walker, b., in SpringH -Id, Vt , Jan. 11th. 1840. Ch. 1. son, b. Oct. 10th, 1868 ; d. sams mjuth ; 2. Sarah F., b. Oct. 24th, 1869 ; 3. ^ William G., b. July 2rth, 1872, and d. Oct. following : 4. Charles S.; b. Mar. 23d, 1874 ; IV. James W., b. Sept, 27th 1844 ; d. Oct. 25th, 1844 ; V. Lucy J., b. Oct. 2nd, 1845, Templeton, Mass.; m. Col- burn ; VI. Henry, b., in Gardner, Mass., Dec. 22nd, 1850 ; m., Sept. 18th, 1872, Mary V. Eoundy, (dau. of Samuel and Vioma (Adams) Roundy); VII. James M., b., in Gardner, Oct. 27th ; VIII. Thomas Edward, b., in Chariestown, Dec. 11th, 1858. John Giffin (son of Reuben and Elizabeth (Sawyer) Giffiin, of Gilsum, N. H.) b. Oct. 5th, 1829 ; m., July 22nd, 1854, Eliza Hannah Mack, (dau. of Solomon and Adeline (Knights) Mack, of the same place) b. Feb. 6th, 1832. One child : Abbie Estella, b. Feb. 4th, 1859. They settled in Chariestown, in 1866. James Gilchrist was b., in Boston, Mass.. and d., in Chariestown, N. H., June 12th, 1827, at the age of 52 years. Previous to his remov- al to Chariestown, in 1822, his family had resided in Medford, Mass, but as he was commander of a vessel (^ence his title of captain) his du- ties called him, almost continually to the ocean, so that it was only oc- casionally that he could enjoy the pleasure of their society. But, at length, having accumulated an amount of property sufficient to enable him to give up his life upon the sea, he purchased a residence and farm in South Chariestown, to which he came, and where the few brief years which remained to him were spent in a retirement more agreeable to him, doubtless, from its contrast with his previous life. Captain Gilchrist married Susanna Wyman, of whom I will only say here, as I shall speak GILCHRIST. 361 of her more particularly hereafter, that she was boru in Woburn, Mass., and died, at Charlestown., at the age of 74, March 20th, 1858. The following is the register of their family : I. Emily, b. Jan. 1st, 1805 ; m., June 20th, 1832, Samuel Crosby, (son of Dr. Samuel and Kuth (Terry) Crosby) b. Sept. 12th, 1791— no. children, (see Crosby). Mrs. Crosby d. Jan. 2nd, 1873 ; an excellent woman ; II. Margaret A., b. March 13th. 1807 ; m. Captain Mathews W. Green, of Charles- town, Nov. 5th, 1832, and d. Nov., 1865, aged 58, (see Green). Chief Justice John James Gilchrist. The following obituary notice of this distinguished man, who was the third child of Captain Gilchrist, was written a few days subsequent to liis decease, by his intimate friend and classmate, Hon. George S. Hil- lard, of Boston, who has given so full and just a view of his character, and of what he accomplished in his profession, that it cau be improved by no additions : "The death of Chief Justice Gilchrist, of the Court of Claims, was announced in our paper some days ago ; and we spoke of it as a great public loss. What we then said under the pressure of a fresh be- reavement we now repeat, and the loss which the country has sustain- ed is none the less, from the fact that, owing to the nature of his func- tions, and the sphere of his duty, the general public can hardly esti- mate the value of what has been taken from them, but must rely upon the report of those who stood in such relations to the living man as en- abled them to take the measure of his power and his worth. Judicial services make men less conspicuous than political; but they are not less important or less useful; and the faculties and accomplishments they demand are not less high or less rare. But from the limited sphere in which the life of a Judge moves, it is the more imperative duty of those who know his value to set forth, distinctly and carefully, his claims to the gratitude and reverence of the community which he has served. This sad office of love and honor we now propose to dis- charge. John James Gilchrist was born in Medford, in this State, February 16th, 1809. His father, James Gilchrist, was a master of a vessel ; and is j'et well remembered by many as a man of powerful frame, vig- orous understanding, and great energy of character. He early ac- quired a competence, and removed, while his son was yet a child of tender years, to the beautiful village of Charlestown, in New-Hamp- shire, where he bought a farm, and occupied himself in rural pursuits 362 GILCHRIST. for the remainder of his life, which was brought to a close in the prime of his manhood from the effects of an accident. Here the boyhood of Judge Gilchrist was mainly passed ; and here he pursued, under the guidance of the Rev. Dr. Crosby, a portion of the studies preparatory to a collegiate course. He entered Harvard College in the autumn of 1824. He was at that time more mature in person and character than most youths of his age, and his college course was marked by the same manly attributes. He looked, moved, and spoke more like a man than a boy : he took but little part in the ahtletic sports and exercises natural to his period of life, and the ample stock of native and in- herited health he brought with him enabled him to live easily with- out them. He was not a very hard student ; and his college rank, though respectable, was lower than might have been, had he devoted himself more exclusively to the acquisition of it. He was then, and indeed always, of a tranquil spirit, little moved by the stings of a rest- less and uneasy ambition; a temperament which, if it lost him some distinctions which he might easily have won, saved him from many heart burnings and much corroding discontent. But his class-mates entirely appreciated his intellectual promise, and predicted for him a higher future than his position in his class would have justified them in doing. In the studies which were congenial to him he showed his excellent native capacity : in Latin, for instance, he had no superior ; and the style of his English compositions was uncommonly smooth, graceful and mature ; but in those departments for which he felt no natural aptitude he never sought to acquire distinction by compulsory efforts. But he was a universal reader — devouring every book he could lay his hands upon — not guided by the wisest discrimination, or exercising the best choice ; but constantly adding to the stores of a most attentive memory, and securing to himself the grace of a wide cultivation, while the energy of a healthy mind enabled him to derive the most of good, and to suffer the least of evil, from his miscellane- ous range. Respected by his class-mates for his abilities and cultiva- tion, he was not less endeared to them by his social sympathies, his genial temper, and his kindness of heart. He had a keen sense of humor, a love of society, and a healthy enjoyment of life in all its forms ; and by these his love of books was modified and tempered, so as not to become an absorbing and exclusive passion. After leaving college, he commenced the study of law at Charles- town, under the guidance of the late William Briggs, an eccentric but very well read lawyer, who possessed a much larger and better collec- GILCHRIST. 363 tion of law books than country practitioners usually accumulate. Of these books — in that quiet village, in which there was so little to dis- turb or distract the mind of the student — Judge Gilchrist made most excellent use ; and by a wide range of eiemenatry reading laid the foun- dations of his ample stores of legal learning. From the office of Mr. Briggs he went to the law school in Cambridge, where he was known as a most diligent student, ranging over the whole domain of the com- mon law, and letting none of his opportunities pass by unimproved. Upon his admission to the bar, he formed a connection in business with the late Governor Hubbard, whose daughter he afterwards mar- ried ; thus finding himself at once in good employment, and escaping the discipline of that dreary period between the expecting of clients and the coming of them. The next few years were passed in the dili- gent and successful practice of the law ; but in such a way that he was every day adding something to his stock of practical and availa- ble legal learning. As was naturally to be expected of a rising young lawyer, he took some part in the politics of his State, and was for more than one year a member of the Legislature; (1836-37) but he always made the politician subservient to the lawyer, and his aspira- tions were professional and not political. When, therefore, in 1840, at the early age of thirty-one,, he was appointed one of the associate justices of the Supreme Court of New-Hampshire, it was with the general and hearty approval of the bar, and the public. He was a very young man for such a post ; a year younger than Judge Story was when he was made a Judge, and also a year younger than Mr. Justice Buller, when he was elevated to the King's bench, at an age which startled all the venerable proprietie of Westminster Hall. But where there is substantial ability and a sufficient stock oi learning to begin with, there is some advantage in commencing a ju- dicial career in youth, before the mind has been long subjected to the warping and hardening influences of the bar. Judges who are ad- vanced to the bench in declining life, after a long period of successful practice, are apt to show a disposition to overrule or question the cases which have been decided against them at the bar ; for it is asking too much of human infirmity to expect that they should assent to a principle or construction by which they or their clients have beeu sufierers. From this peculiarity or temptation, Judge Gilchrist was happily exempt. He had been long enough at the bar to have become familiar with the rules of evidence and practice, and to have made practical trial of his book learning, but not long enough to have ac- 364 GILCHRIST. quired a quantity of mental biases and inclinations, consciously or unconsciously, carrying him away from the truth. When in 1848 the place of Chief J ustice was made vacant, by the resignation of Judge Parker, Judge Gilchrist had proved himself to be a man of such high judicial excellence, and to be possessed of such a principle of intellectual growth and progress, that the eyes of all were at once turned towards him as to one in natural succession to the dignity ; and his appointment gave general satisfaction and equal as- surance. In this high place he remained until the Court of Claims was created by Congress, when he was placed at the head of this tri- bunal by President Pierce, who was his warm personal friend, who had often appeared before him at the bar, and thus knew at first hand, and of his own knowledge, how eminently qualified he was for the respon- sible and laborious duties which were to be devolved upon him. Thus of the twenty-seven years which elapsed between his admission ,to the bar and his lamented death, eighteen were passed in the dis- charge of judicial duties. It is as a judge, then, that we are to con- sider him ; and by the manner in which he bore himself in this high office are we to try his claims to be held in gratitude and honor by those who come after him. He put liis whole mind — ^all that he had and all that he was — into his judicial life ; before the public he stood in no other aspect, and was known by them in no other character. When he first went upon the bench, we have little doubt that he con- templated it as, in all human probability, a life long service; and we know that he determined to devote himself to it with entire singleness of purpose, and to leave nothing undone which could help to make him as good a judge as his gifts and powers would permit him to be. To this determination he adhered ; never yielding to the seductions of indolence, and never turned aside by the temptations of political am- bition. He had the advantage of an excellent preparation, both in book knowledge and in practice; and he had the further advantage of having an admirable judicial understanding, and a perfect judicial temperament. Thus upon the bench he was ever a growing man ; and at the time of his death he would assuredly have been pronounced a magistrate of the first class, tried by any standard known to the bar in England or America. His learning was ample, various, and serviceable. In depth and extent of legal lore, many of his judicial contemporaries may have equalled him, and a few may have excelled him. He had no profes- sional pedantry, no vanity of legal autiquarianism, no taste for the GILCHRIST. 365 obsolete curiosities of black letter learning. But he had a sufficient knowledge of the history, principles and spirit of the common law, to view every subject that arose from its proper point of view, and in its just relations to kindred and collateral branches ; and his patience of labor enabled him to investigate every question that required research, thoroughly and completely. He had in a high degree that fine legal perception which distinguishes the living principle from the accidental and temporary forms through which it has been manifested. Having early taken a wide survey of the whole field of legal learning, and made au outline map of the region, it was a matter of course that his after- acquired knowledge should naturally and easily have fallen into place, been duly classified and arranged, and kept within easy reach and ready for use. The digest of New-Hampshire Reports, published by him in 1846, well illustrates his power of thorough and scientific classification. On examination, it will be found no servile copy of preceding compila- tions, but a work of independent investigation and original construc- tion. The only criticism which it ever called forth, was on the part of those wlio complained that it was a departure from the stereotyped forms in which digests are usually east, and thus to them less conven- ient for immediate reference — an objection to which no one could have assented, who had used the book enough to comprehend its luminous method. Judge Gilchrist w:is also a good and clear reasouer. The logical faculty in him was not pvedomiaent ; it had not the force of a prim- itive instinct; and he knew little of the rules and definitions of formal logic ; but he saw distinctly the point to be maintained, or the propo- sition to be proved, and his arguments were accurate, cogent, and con- secutive. His learning and method would not have made him the excellent magistrate that he was, had they not been accompanied by a large share of practical administrative ability. This was perhaps his strong point; and that in which his superiority over others was most obvious. He lived in a period of change in the business and social relations of men — when new interests were perpetually springing up and develop- ing themselves — when innovations in legislation, not always the growth of wisdom or knowledge, were constantly devolving upon courts the solution of questions in which little aid can be derived from adjudged cases. Judge Gilchrist was in unison with his time, alike from the progressive character of his understanding, and his social and synipa- 366 GILCHRIST. thetic temperament. He had the tact to see what must be done in order to make the judiciary keep pace with the progress of the age, and he had the courage to do it. Herein he was aided by his intui- tive sagacity, his quickness in discerning the wants of the public mind, and the sound practical cliaracter of his understanding, which found the reasons of the law in the needs and uses of the law. In presiding over the full bench, he was quick, attentive, and court- eous. He rarely interrupted counsel in their aguments, unless he had reason to apprehend that he had failed to take the point intended to be conveyed ; and w h6n the necessary explanation had been given, he ap- plied himself, anew to his task of patient hearing. He knew that nothing is gained in point of time by interrupting counsel for the sake of answering them, and that such a course often leads to unprofitable and unseemly discussions. His judgments were rendered with per- fect clearness, and are written with scholarlike accuracy and taste. His statement of facts was often made with such lucid and consecutive method, as to leave little to be done in the way of legal reasoning and the application of legal principles. But his fine judicial qualities were even more signally displayed in his sittings at Nisi Prius. Here a judge is constantly exposed to emer- gencies which put his faculties and resources to the severest test ; for no foresight can predict, no preparation can anticipate, the unexpected turns of a trial, or the sudden questions which arise, and must be at once settled. All these claims were met by Judge Gilchrist with an ease and self-possession — a dignity and courtesy — which nothing but conscious strength could give. He ruled his Court without effort, and without his rule being uncomfortably felt. His own sweetness of tem- per and serenity of temperament had a natural and benignant influence upon the bar : his own manner was so collected and courteous that it acted with contagious power upon others. In all the jar and heat of forensic strife, he never for a moment lost his temper ; and was always ready, when the occasion required it, with a seasonable word or two to soothe the ruffled feelings of contending counsel. A gentleman of nice observation, who had long been a practitioner before him, states that he had never seen him, in a single instance, give way to the slightest ex- pression of impatience or irritability. His delicate sense of humor often enabled him, when the zeal of counsel was presuming a little too much upon the good nature of the bench, to check them by an admo- nition in a playful form which recalled them to their duty, but lelt no sting behind. GILCHRIST. 367 To the trial of a cause he gave strict aud undivided attention. Not a word escaped from him — not a look could be detected — from which au inference could be drawn as to his impressions of the case. He took careful and full notes of the testimony : everything that occurred which was necessary to be remembered was recorded ; the exact point of each exception written down, and in matters of nicety submitted at once to the counsel — so that when the trial was over, every one was ready to admit the absolute truthfulness of the record. In charging the jury he stated with clearness and precision, but without any teclinicalities, the points of the case, and the exact ques- tions to be determined by them ; and read from his notes everything which the witnesses had said material to those points. He was rarely heard to say that this or that witness proved such aud such facts ; but he stated clearly what had been said, but without any comment which would have intimated his own opinion, or led the jury to think that he had done so. He had none of that mistaken ambition which makes Judges some- times so anxious to obtain verdicts. It was his desire, not so much to try many cases and get many verdicts, as to try cases thoroughly and satisfa6torQy, and to secure verdicts that would stand, aud which the parties would be willing to have stand, So that when the charge was closed, and the case given to the jury, the parties and their counsel al- ways felt that they had had a fair trial, and that whatever the result might be, they would have the verdict of the jury, and not the verdict of the judge. The sense of defeat was never inflamed and aggravated by the sense of injustice and partiality. The professional and judicial accomplishments of Judge Gilchrist fit- ted him, in a high degree, for the peculiar duties of a tribunal like the Court of claims, which were of a mixed character, dealing with law and facts, and requiring the constant exercise of the power of patient anal- ysis and methodical distribution. His appointment to the place of pre- g. siding judge was hailed with universal satisfaction, and the community felt that the President had herein given that tribunal the fairest possible start, aud the best chance for permanent endurance. To the severe la- bors of his new post he applied himself with self-forgetting assiduity ; and we fear that his life may have been shortened by toils so unbroken and monotonous as the business of the Court imposed upon him. And well and thoroughly was his work done ; it was large in amount and excellent in execution. In the great and exciting interests at Wash- ington, the functions of a modest judicial tribunal are apt to be over- 368 GILCHRIST. looked ; but the thoughtful observer will see how important in a system like ours is an institution which rescues a mass of private claims from the strife of parties and the passionate debate of an impatient legislative body, and tries them by the application of unerring rules of law and precedent. What the fate of this tribunal may be we cannot say, nor how far the future Congresses may respect its decisions ; but if men like Judge Gilchrist can be found willing to devote themselves to its unam- bitious but important duties, we feel assured that it will be well for the country if its results should be deemed absolutely binding upon the rea- son and conscience of the legislature, and be respected as are the judg- ments of ordinary courts within their appropriate sphere. As we have before intimated, the public life of Judge Gilchrist was exclusively judicial ; and by his long and able service in this depart- ment he has earned a title to the lasting gratitude and reverence of the community. But in the hearts of his friends he has left other records and built other monuments. And he was rich in friends ; for his tastes and sympathies were not fastidious though discriminating; and his qual- ities of mind and character were such as to exert a strong attraction over all who came within his sphere. His love of literature continued unabated to the last ; in the reading of good books he found constant refreshment and relaxation in the arduous duties of his judicial life. With the Latin and French languages he was entirely familiar, and he read their books with discriminating relish ; but his chief pleasure was in constant communion with the best specimens of the literature of Eng- land and of his own country. His taste was manly, catholic and inde- pendent ; but with a natural preference for the writers who were popu- lar in his boyhood and youth. But no man was less exclusive or bigot- ed in his intellectual sympathies than he ; almost anything in the shape of a book was welcome to him ; and no man had a more hearty enjoy- ment of genius in all its forms and manifestations. He delighted in lit- , erary discourse, and the free interchange of literary discussion and crit- icisms, and his conversation had the flavor of scholarship and the per- fume of a cultivated taste. In the departments of historical research or literary investigation, he might have won distinction, had his powers been directed in that path. He was a man of warm affections, social sympathies and genial tastes. He had the usual compensation that accompanies a life of hard and tranquil work, in the freshness of feeling maintained by him to the last. There was never a younger heart buried in the grave of a man of forty- nine. The natural pleasures which spring upon the lap of the common • GILCHRIST. 369 earth never lost their relish to him. He needed not the sting of strong excitements to rouse and animate him. His temperament was quiet but not torpid ; his mind was always active and his sympathies always rea- dy. Many of the friends to whom he was most attached he only saw occasionally, and this gave a peculiar zest to the moments he could spend with them. His was not a mind which was roused to brilliant display by the stimulating atmosphere of society ; but he was a most instruct- ive and agreeable companion at all times. His extensive knowledge of books was gracefully but not pedantically displayed ; and his fine sense of humor and keen perception of the ludicrous gave perpetual flavor and spirit to his discourse. There was a peculiar charm in his manners from their perfect repose. He had nothing of that uneasy unrest so common in busy men among us, who look and act as if they had lost the sense of present enjoyment from the pressure of a future engagement. Few men did more work than he ; few men had more work to do, and yet in his moments of social relaxation he seemed like a man of abso- lute leisure, too happy to find some other idler to help him kill the hours as they rose. No one had a better claim than he to the " grand old name of gent- leman," whether we regard the essential or the formal elements which make up that character — the inward sentiment or tlie external manifes- tation. He was a finished man, even in small things. He was careful for instance, and scrupulously neat, in his dress and personal appearance, and did not fall into the common practice — just the reverse of what should be the case — of growing slovenly and neglectful as he grew older. So, too, his handwriting was both legible and beautiful, and he took great pains to keep it so, and to resist the injuring influences of the con- stant taking down of testimony from the lips of witnesses. The com- fort of good judicial handwriting to lawyers, reporters and printers is more obvious than common. Judge Gilchrist left a widow and two children — a son and daugh- ter — to survive him. In the several domestic relations of son, hus- band, father and brother, he was one of the kindest, most amiable, and most indulgent of men. His home, in the beautiful village of Charlestown — a finely situated, unostentatious, and most comfortable country house — was the seat of a simple and generous hospitality ; and those of his friends who have been welcomed by him under his roof, will sadly and tenderly recall the happy hours there spent, and the atmosphere of easy kindness which they breathed from the moment its threshold was crossed. We are aware that this notice will be read by many to whom Judge 370 GILCHRIST. ■ Gilchrist was but little known. Tlie worth and value of a good judge are not distinctly felt out of his own jurisdiction ; and as he lived in a quiet and secluded village, there were comparatively few who had the opportunity of learning his engaging qualities as a man. To those who did not know him we may seem to have said too much in commendation of him ; but we have endeavored to do him no more than justice, and those who did know him will bear us out in this statement. Had the writer aimed to express his own sense of loss in parting from a friend to whom every chamber in his heart was unlocked — in seeing no more on earth a face that for thirty years was never turned towards his but with a glow of welcome, affection and trust — he would have used language stronger still. But this has not been our purpose ; we have described what the public have lost and no more." Such is the account of one who had the best opportunity of knowing the true character and worth of this accomplished man. The time of the birth of Judge Gilchrist has already been given. He married Aug. 25th, 1836, Sarah Dean Hubbard, (dau. of Hon. Henry Hubbard), b. Oct. 8th, 1814. By this marriage he had two children. 1. Sarah Hubbard, b. July, 1837 ; m. Henry F. Daland, of Boston, Mass. 2. James, b. Oct. 1838, residence in Boston. IV. Edward, b. Feb. 1811 ; m. July 12th, 1856, Clarissa Sage Crosby, (dau. of Rev. Dr. Jaazaniah and Huldah Robinsou (Sage) Crosby), b. Sept. 17th, 1829. Dr. Gilchrist died Nov. 4th, 1869, at which time Mr. Hillard who had written the obit- uary of Judge Gilchrist, at the time of his decease, contained above, prepared and published the following notice of him. " Edward Gilcheist, M. D. Dr. Gilchrist, whose sudden death, at Chelsea, has been mentioned in the papers, was a man who should not pass away without some no- tice. He was a native of Medford, in this State, but while he was yet a boy his father removed to Charlestown, N. H., and it was from this place that he entered the navy in 1832. At the time of his death he stood in the order of date of commission nearly at th^ head of the sur- geons of the navy. He had had an ample professional experience, and was master of his profession in all its departments ; a skilful and ready surgeon, and a sagacious physician, fruitful in resources, with a pres- ence of miud that never failed. Nor was his capacity by any means limited to his profession. He was a man of force and brain, who in any sphere would have been a man of mark. He had no small share of executive and administrative ability, with a love of order, an in- GILCHRIST. 371 stinct of method, and a ready command of details. Of a noble pres- ence, with manners of a natural dignity, a resolute will and dauntless courage, it was an easy matter for hira to enforce due obedience. He always gave one the impression of having a large amount of reserved power. His general knowledge and litemry attainments were very great. His love of reading was a passion that never abated, and his memory was " wax to receive, and marble to retain." He knew the whole range of English literature from Chaucer to Tennyson. He was fa- miliar with the languages of France and Spain, and not ignorant of those of Italy and Germany. There was not a question in science, literature, history, or philosophy which he could not enter upon with more or less of preparation. He had read immensely, observed much, and thought much. With such large powers and such varied attainments, it may be asked why he has not left behind him some enduring record in science and literature, and the answer is, that what he lost in fame he gained in happiness. He felt neither the sting of ambition nor the hunger of vanity. Though capable of great and long-continued labor, his natu- ral temperament was inclined to love of ease. In the discharge of his professional duties, and in his omnivorous reading, he found all the oc- cupation and interest that his nature craved. Dr. Gilchrist had in large measure the traits and qualities which endear men to their friends. His heart was warm, his social nature strong ; he was hospit- able, generous and true. He was discriminating in the choice of friends, but faithful to all the claims and offices of friendship. A vein of eccentricity ran through his being, which was perfectly natural, but was not understood by all. Independent and self-reliant, he carried his contempt for public opinion to an unnecessary, perhaps an unwise extent. His hatred of hyprocrisy and cant was such that he would often set his shadows rather than his lights in the foreground. His dislike of pretension caused him rather to hide than proclaim his at- tainments and accomplishments. Had he been vainer he would have been more popular, but he would not have had more friends. He was in all respects a marked, individual, characteristic mau. His motives and impulses were always self-derived. No man was less shaped by the attrition of others ; he was a crystal and not a marble. To him mig'.it be applied with exact truth the lines of Sir Henry Wotton : — " How happy is he born and taught That serveth not another's will." The writer of this notice knew him long, and loved him well ; he 372 GILCHRIST — GILMORE. will never cease to honor his memory and lament his loss. And there are many others that will share his love and his grief." V. Hannah S., b. Apr. 25th, 1812 ; d. Oct. 27th, 1859. VI. Susan, b. Aug. 22nd, 1814; m. Nov. 5th, 1833, Francis Low. VII. Martha R., b. Oct. 27th, 1818 ; m. Nov. 24th, 1868, Edmund L. Gushing. (See Chief Justice Gushing). VIII. Daniel S., b. June 17th, 182- ; m. June 1858, Garoline M. Parker. IX. Gharles H., b. June 11th, 1829 ; d. June 4th, 1849. Lewis Gilmoee, (son of Apollos and Julia (Heaton) Gilmore) b. Jan. 17th, 1792 ; m. 1st, Feb. 14th, 1814, Sarah Wilbur, of West- moreland, (dau. of Jonathan Wilbur). Ch. I. Roxana W., b. June 20th, 1814; m. Thomas Whipple; (see Whipple.) IL Susan R., b. May, 1st, 1816 ; m. April 19ih, 1843, G. T. Buffura, of Keene, N. H. d. Dec. 22nd, 1854; one child, Ellen A., b. Nov. 18th, 1848; d. Feb. 20th, 1865. Mrs. Sarah (Wilbur) Gilmore dying, Mr. Gilmore m. 2nd, Feb. 18th, 1842, Emily Campbell, (dau. of James and Desire (Slader) Campbell, of Walpole, N. H.,) b. March, 14th, 1797, and d. March, 25th, 1851. Ch. I. Albert W., h. Dec. 1st, 1822 ; m. Nov. 1847, Louisa Way, (dau. of Leonard Way,) resides in Chicago, 111. II. George M., b. April 24th, 1824 ; m. Sept. 15th, 1851, Sophia J. Metcalf, (dau. of Horace Metcalf,) resides at Faribault, Minn. Ch. 1. George H., b. Dec. 18th, 1854; 2. Frank M., b. Nov. 29th, 1855; 8. Minnie S., b. Oct. 8th, 1857; 4. Jennie M., b. Jan. 20th, 1860; 5. Julia H., b. Dec. 30th, 1862 ; 6. Albertine L., b. Dec. 12th, 1865 ; 7. Grace C, b. April 10th, 1871. III. Solon C, d. young; IV. Emily A., b. April 22nd, 1829 ; V. Solon C, b. Jan. 19th, 1831 ; m. Aug. 14th, 1868, Annie Cleveland, of Bangor, Me ; resides in Boston. VI. Julia H., b. Aug. 9th, 1833 ; VII. Harriet L., b. Sept. 28th, 1836; m. Sept. 28th, 1868, Winslow C. Neal, of Aeworth ;— Ch. 1. Albert G., b. Jan. 25th, 1870 ; 2. Annie G., b. June, 1872 ; 3. Alice L., b. Dec. 8th, 1873. Mr. Gilmore came from Drewsville to Charlestown, in 1826. He built a woolen mill in North Charlestown about 1827, and owned a grist-mill and saw-mill, near where Charles Way has a mill. Geoege Gilmore, (son of Thomas and Janet (Campbell) Gilmore) b. Oct. 12th, 1824, in Markinch, Scotland — Came to Charlestown, Feb. 13th, 1848, immediately after his arrival in the United States. He m. Apr. 29th, 1858, Angeline Calista Keyes, (dau. of Vine and Mary B. (Taylor,) Keyes) b. in Littleton, N. H., Dec. 19th, 1838. Ch. I. Thomas, b. July 20th, 1859 ; d. Sept. 21st, 1859 ; II. Nettie, b. July 12th, 1860; m. July 3d, 1875, Charles Fisher, (son of Asa M. and 6LIDDEN — GOODELL. 373 Marion C. (Erskine) Fisher,) b. in Claremont,N. H., Sept. 27tli, 1852; III. Katie, b. Dec. 21st. 1862 ; d. Aug. 27th, 1864 ; IV. Delia, b. June, 20t.h, 1865. Richard Glidden, m. Abigail Hubbard, eldest child of Capt. Jon- athan Hubbard and Abigail (Jenison) Hubbard, and had eight daughters and three sons, all of whom lived to grow up. The follow- ing is a very imperfect account of this family, but the best that the writer has been able to obtain. Ch. I. Ruth, m. Kelso, and remov- ed to Stockholm, N. Y. II. m. Richard Holden, and lived in Waterbury, Vt. III. Fanny, m. IV. Hannah, m. Tim- othy Holden, and lived and died in Charlestowu. (:=ee Holden.) V. Mary, ra. Stephen Willson, and removed to Lancaster, N. H. where she lived and died. VI. Rebecca, ni. Paul Cushman, and removed after a time to Dalton, N. H., where she died. VII. Grace, m. Parker Cushman, and removed to Littleton, N. H., where she died. Mr. Cushman died at the age of 99 years, and five months. Horace Cush- man, now of Daltou, 74 years old (Jan. 1876) is his son. VIII. Su- sanna, ra. Aug. 21st, 1799, Levi Osgood. The sons were Hubbard, Willard, and Richard. IX. Hubbard, b. March, 8th, 1775; ra. Oct. 11th, 1807, Elizabeth Metcalf, b. March, 14th, 1779. She d. Dec. 25th, 1850. He wtjs selectman from 1825 to 1833. Ch. 1. Richard, b. Feb. 28th, 1809 ; d. Jan. 28th, 1817. 2. John M., b. Dec. 14th, 1810 ; d. Dec. 19th, 1873 ; m. Oct. 14th, 1835, Mary Etta Paiks, b. Dec. 24th, 1815; One daughter (adopted) Nettie L. Chase, b. Aug. 25th, 1861. John M. Glidden was twelve times Moderator — Representative in the years 1845-1854-55-1863-64. State Senator, 1865-66-67. He was a prominent man in all the business af- fairs of the town. Mrs. Glidden at present (Jan. 1876) resides in Claremont. X. Willard, m. Mary , and their children b. in Charlestown were, 1. Grace Maria, b. Mar. 16th, 1808 ; 2. Timothy Holden, b. March 29th, 1810 ; 3. Josiah, b. May 12th, 1812— He re- moved to Genesee County, N. Y., where he died. XL Richard, d. in Charlestown, about 1805. Riley Goodell (son of Alvin and Mehitable (Perry) Goodell) b. in Westminster, Vt., Apr. 28th, 1830 ; m., March 1st, 1853, Harriet Rog- ers, (dau. of Lemuel and Fanny (Putnam) Rogers) b. in Rockingham, Vt, Feb. 25th, 1836. Ch. I. George A., b. Feb. 5th, 1854; d., in Westminster, Aug. 23d, 1854 ; II. Mary Ellen, b. May 25th, 1857 ; III. Dora, b. Dec. 31st, 1859 ; d. Dec. 17th, 1874 ; IV. Emma, b. Mar. 374 GOODWIN — GREEN. 29th, 1866 ; V. HiUiard Ebenezer, b. Jan. 12th, 1873. Mr. Goodell settled in Charlestown, December, 1854. Frederick Goodwin m., 1st, Elizabeth Boutell, Jan. 12th, 1817. Ch. I. Frederick, b. Jan, 23d, 1818 ; m., 2nd, Aug. 15th, 1822, Abi- gaU Rumney. Ch. II. Mary Ann, b. Oct. 25th, 1823 ; III. Martha S., b. May 24th, 1825. Frederick Goodwin, sen. died May 31st, 1864 aged 75. Samuel E. Gowing, (son of Samuel and Polly (Remington) Gowing) b. Aug. 31st, 1823; m., Feb. 16th, 1847, Laura R. Rouudy, (dau. of John and Laura (Simonds) Roundy) b. Sept. 23d, 1826. Ch. I. John R., b. Dee. 16th, 1848 ; resides in Springfield, Vt; II. Arthur C, b. Sept 17th, 1864. Mr. Gowing came from Rockingham, Vt. to Charles- town, in March, 1860. Albert G. Graham m., 1853, Harriet Corbin, (see John Corbin) Ch. I. Ella D., b. 1855 ; II. Alice, b. 1857 ; d. 1873 ; IIL Fannie M., b., 1862. Phineas Graves m. in 1762, Elizabeth (dau. of Isaac Parker, jr- and Mary his wife) b. in Groton, Mass., Feb. 3d, 1744. Ch. I. Belin- da, b. Jan. 6th, 1763 ; m. Elihu Dickinson, (see Dickinson); 2. Daniel, h. Feb. 21st, 1764; 3. Eunice, b. Aug. 11th, 1765, and d. May 1766, (see Col. Abel Walker). William Gregg, (son of John and Lydia (Melvin) Gregg) b., in Acworth, Oct. 2ud, 1801 ; m., in Charlestown, Jan, 1839, Adeline Frost (dau. of Thomas and Betsy (Butters) Frost). Ch. I. George W., b. March 25th, 1840 ; d. Sept. 29th, 1853 ; II. Sue M., b. Oct. 26th, 1840 ." resides in Red Wing, Minn.; III. Mary, b. May 12th, 1844 ; d. Sept. 10th, 1862. Mrs. Gregg d. Aug. 20th, 1863. Mr. Gregg settled in Charles- town in 1835. Capt. Mathews Wyley Green is an old retired ship-master who commenced his sea life at the early age of eleven years, as a cabin boy. He sailed from Boston for the East Indies with Capt. James Gilchrist (late of this town) immediately after peace was declared in 1815. He retired from the sea in 1868. In the course of his eventful life he has visited most parts of the known world. He has circumnavigated it four times ; doubled Cape Horn twenty-one times ; made many voyages to Europe, South America, the East Indies, the North West coast and Kamtchatka. The Green family came to Charlestown together with the GUchrist family, from Medford, Massachusetts, in the year 1822, and then consisted of Mrs. Harriet Green, the widow of Mr. Francis Green, a GREEN — GROUT. 375 merchant of Boston, her two sons, Henry and Mathews, and two daugh- ters, Anna and Mary. Mrs. Green died in 1847. Anna married Dr. Samuel Webber, of Charlestown, and died in 1868. Mary lived with Henry at Bellows Falls, where they both died ; Mary in 1853, and Henry in 1867. Mathews is the only survivor of the family. He married Mar- garet, a daughter of his old commander, Captain Gilchrist, in 1832, who died in 1864. They had four children, two daughters, Harriet and Margaret, and two sons, Francis and James, who are now both Lieu- tenant Commanders in the United States Navy. Francis married a daughter of Judge Cushing, of this town, and James married a daugh- ter of Judge Bond, of Edenton, North Carolina. Capt. Green is now, at the age of 71, enjoying a green old age strong and hearty and is one of the very few that remain of a class of New England seamen, who were trained from early boyhood to battle with the elements upon the ocean before the days of steam and iron ships. The above was written in 1873. Capt. Green represented the town in the Legislature in 1873. He died April 8th, 1874, under the fol- lowing circumstances. He had called at a neighbor's, in his usual health, on a benevolent errand, and had only had time to bid the family a cheerful good morning and take a seat, when he fell from his chair heavily forward upon the floor. It was at once supposed that he had fainted or was in a fit, but a physician being immediately sent for it was found that he was dead. He was an- exemplary member of the Episcopal church — a consistent supporter of the temperance cause, and in every respect a worthy and good citizen. Samuel H. Gkinnell, b. Oct. 27th, 1811; m. Dec. 15th, 1842, Caroline Walker, (dau. of Gilsou Walker, of Langdon) ; b. Jan. 11th, 1820. Ch. L Abbie Walker, b. March 17th, 1844 ; Mr.=. Grinnell d. Jan. 1st, 1846 ; and Mr. Grinnell m. 2nd, June 30th, 1847, Ann Tufts Wetherbe, b. May 30th, 1820. (See Wetherbe.) The children of this marriage were ; II. George Wetherbe, b. Aug. 21st, 1848 ; d. Feb. 27th, 1861. III. Annie Eliza, b. Feb. 7th, 1854. IV. Louisa Hub- bard, b. Oct. 4th, 1855. Mrs. Ana Tufts Grinnell, died Sept. 7th, 1873. Mr. Grinnell was one of the selectmen in 1854-55 and 56, and Quarter Master of the 16th Regiment of N. H., Militia, during the colonelcy of John M. Glidden. Elijah Geout, Esq. Elijah Grout, (son of John and Joanna (Boynton) Grout), b. Oct. 29th, 1732 ; m. July 17th, 1757, Mary (daughter of Jonathan 376 GROUT. aud Kezia (White,) Willard, of Lunenburg, Mass.,) b. Feb. 13th, 1734-5; a descendant, in the 4th generation of Major Simon Willard of Concord, Mass. Mrs. Grout d. at Charlestown, in 1786 ; Mr. Grout, March, 1807. Ch. J^ i I. Amasa, b. March 26th, 17^9 ; m. Feb. 21st, 1787, Lucinda, 1 (daughter of Col. William aud Joanna (Wetherbe) Heywood), b. Oct. 11th, 1764. Ch. 1. Cyrus; 2. Salmon, neither of whom settled in C. Amasa Grout, d. at Charlestown, in March, 1837. II. Jonathan, b. April 24th, 1760 ; 'ra. 1st, Parthena Page, (daugh- ter of Peter and Sarah Page), (published May 25th, 1788), and settled upon the homestead, in what is now called Snumshire. Ch. 1. Fan- ny, b. Oct 11th, 1792; ni. Sept. 1812, Abel Willard. (See Willard.) 2. Mary, b. March 12th, 1799; m. Ashbel Hamlin, (see Hamlin). 3. Sophia, b. Oct. 11th, 1802; m. Francis Bingham, and removed to St. Johnsbury, Vt. 4. Harriet, b. Aug. 1st, 1806 ; m. James Lab- aree. (See Labaree). Miijor Grout, as Jonathan Grout was familiarly called, was an offic;er in the Militia, and also a Justice of the peace. He was a good citizen, with at once th?. independence of his father " The brave old commissary" and many of the idiosyncrasies, which appear to be somewhat inherent in the Grout race ; and which often created no little amusement. After the decease of his first wife, when his situation, and the condition of his family, were such, that he stood in need of another, the widows aud marriagable ladies of the time, began to inanifest some curiosity, as he was a man in prosperous cir- cumstances, to ascertain, who might be the favored one, on whom his choice would fall. And such became the interest of some in the sub- ject, that they even dared to approach him witii the question, " Major Grout, which of us do you intend to take?" To which, the good Ma- jor good naturedly replied, '" Wait till Thanksgiving time, and I will show you how I feel towards you." When Thanksgiving day arrived, great amusement was created on learning, that he had sent to every widow in town, a pumpkin and pint of molasses that they all might be furnished with pumpkin pies for that occasion. His choice, at length, after a suitable time, fell on Mrs. Mary Prou- ty, widow of Samuel Proutj', (daughter of Elijah and Mary (Stevens) King), (see Prouty), and according to the usual custom of those times, in order to introduce his wife to her new neighbors, he soon gave a wedding party, to which as his house would not hold the whole town, he invited only those who lived between the two brooks, or between the upper aud lower mills. This did not please some of his friends, GROUT. 377 outside of those limits, who received no invitation, and who therefore made no little talk about it. This coming to the ears of the Major, he said he would give another party before long, and when he did he would give such a party, as nobody could have any reason to find fault with. This declaration he made good by inviting the whole town's poor ; and one who was present at this gathering, describes it as one of the happiest she ever attended. Major Grout went after them with a four horse team, the finest that he could obtain ; and the repast that was set before them, was not only bountiful, but most in- viting. Of course there was no fault to be found with his party this time, and the persons who were dissatisfied with the first one, not only forgave him for what they had regarded as his neglect, but praised the goodness of heart, and heartily laughed at the excentricity, which had prompted the happy turn he had made. His 2ud wife dying, he m. Jan. 16th, 1833, Miss Lydia Putnam, (dau. of Elisha and Lydia Putnam), b. Dec. 10th, 1794. A notice of this marriage was sent to the papers by himself, as follows. Married in Charlestown, Jan. 16th, Major Jonathan Grout, aged 73, and Miss Lydia Putnam, somewhat younger. Major Grout d. aged 93, 1854; Mrs. Lydia Grout, d. March, 1876. III. Mary, 3d child of Elijah and Mary Crout, b. in Lunenburg,^ Mass., Oct. 23d. 1761 ; m. Enos Lovell, Esq., and removed to Middle-, sex, Vt. She had six children, and died May 19th, 1839. IV. Let- ice, also b. in Lunenburg, May 3d, 1763 ; m. June 11th, 1778, Nathan-' iel Holden and removed to Chester, Vt. She also had six children," and died in 1812. V. Sophia, (Sophy), b. in Lunenburg, Feb. 6th, 1765 ; m. Enos Stevens, son of Captain Phineas Stevens, March 4th, 1791, and removed to Barnet, Vt. She had 10 children. (See Stevens). The remaining children of Elijah and Mary Grout, were b. in Charlestown. VI. Eusebia, b. March 2nd, 1767; ra. Oliver Farwell, of Fairfax, Vt; had 7 children, and died Aug. 11th, 1825. VII. Theophilus, b. Aug. 29th, 1768; d. Apr. 5th, 1852, at West Concord, Vt. VIIL Dolly, b. Oct. 12th, 1770; d. unmarried, at Charlestown, in 1801. IX. Gen. Josiah, b. June 9th, 1772 ; m. Jan. 9th, 1797, Sally White, of Walpole, N. H.; settled In Fairfax, Vt.; filled important offices in town, and State ; had 11 children, and d. Jan. 9th, 1853. X. Katie, b. Oct. 6th, 1774; m. Clark Cushman, in Charlestown, Feb. 3d, 1794. XI. Patty, b. June 19th, 1776; d. Nov. 2nd, 1777. Elijah Grout, probably, did not remove with his family from Lu- 378 GROUT. nenburg to Charlestown, before the year, 1766. His name appears on the town records, the first time in 1768, when he was elected 2ud se- lectman, which office he filled, in all, six times. He was 3d selectman in 1769, and 1st in 1794. He was also, three times, moderator, and five times, representative; the first time, in 1775, the last, in 1795, but two years previous to his death. In the Revolutionary war, he threw all his energies into the cause of independence, and became known for his patriotism, not only in Charlestown, and the immediate region, but widely through the State. His first appearance, as an actor in the Ee:Volutionary movement, was at a convention at Walpole, at the house of Capt. John Bellows. To this he was elected by the citizens of Charlestown, on the 24th of Oct. 1774, in counection with Lieut. Samuel Hunt. They were chosen to meet and consult with other delegates, or committees from the several towns in the county. The following extract, from Dr. Belknap's His- tory of New-Hampshire, will give us the needed light in respect to the object of this gathering. "At the meeting of the Assembly of New-Hampshire, in the spring, May 10th, 1774, the house of representatives, conformably to the pro- cedings of the assemblies in the other colonies, appointed a committee of correspondence. The governor, who had in vain labored to prevent this measure, adjourned the assembly, and after a few days, dismissed it ; hoping by this means to dissolve the committee also. But they were not restricted by forms. On a summons, issued by the commit- tee, the representatives met again in their own chamber. The gover- nor, attended by the sheriff of the county, went among them. They rose at his entrance. He declared their meeting illegal, and directed the sheriff to make open proclamation, for all persons to disperse, and keep the king's peace. When he had retired, they resumed their seats ; but, on further consideration, adjourned to another house ; and after some conversation, wrote letters to all the towns in the province, re- questing them to send deputies, to hold a convention at Exeter, who should choose delegates for a general congress ; and to pay their re- spective quotas of two hundred pounds agreeably to the last propor- tion of the provincial tax." (See Belknap's His. of N. H., page 351.) The meeting at the house of Capt. Bellows, was to see if the towns of Cheshire county, would send delegates or deputies to the conven- tion at Exeter, as had been recommended by the committee of corres- pondence. It was decided that they would. Accordingly, at a town meeting, held on the 19th of January, 1775, in Charlestown, notified ' GROUT. 379 particularly to take action in the matter, we find that the following votes were passed. " 1st. Voted, that Benjamin Giles, Esq., be moderator of this meeting. 2nd. Voted, that the town will proceed to choose a deputy to repre- sent them at Exeter, on the twenty-fifth instant. 3d. Voted, that Mr. Elijah Grout be the person chosen to repre- sent said Charlestown, at Exeter the twenty-fifth instant, in order to choose delegates to send to the general congress, to be holden at Phila- delphia, in May next. 4th. Voted that Mr. Elijah Grout be empowered to act in concert with the other deputies of this province, when met, to choose a com- mittee of their body to proportion the sum each town ought to pay towards sending delegates, as expressed in the above vote. (Town Rec- ords, 1 B. page 139). The moderator dismissed the meeting." There had been a meeting at Exeter, in the July previous, in which the diflferent towns in the State had been represented by eighty-five deputies. But as there had been no concerted action of the towns of Cheshire county at that time, the representation from it had been by no means general. But at the convention on the twenty-fifth of Jan- uary, both the towns of Cheshire county, and of the State were very fully represented ; and a concise record of their action is thus given by Dr. Belknap, (p. 354). "Major Sullivan, and Captain Langdon were chosen delegates for the next general congress, to be holden on the 10th of May, at Philadelphia; and the sum of two hundred and fifty pounds, was ordered to defray their expenses. This convention issued an address to the people, warning them of their danger ; exhorting them to union, peace, and harmony, frugality, industry, manufactures, and learning the military art, that they might be able if necessary to defend the country against invasion. They appointed a committee of correspondence, with power to call another convention when they should judge it necessary." From the time of his election as deputy to Exeter, during the whole period of the war, Mr. Grout was much relied upon for counsel by his own townsmen and by those who were appointed by the people to give direction to aflTairs to execute important trusts. On the 7th day of August, 1775, he was appointed one of the committee of safety for the town of Charlestown — The others were Samuel Hunt, William Hey- wood, Abel Walker, and Samuel Stevens, Esq. He was also early ap- pointed commissary by the State Committee of Safety, and also to fill temporarily other offices where great fidelity was required ; in all of 380 GROUT. ■which there is reason to believe he discharged his duties in the most satisfactory manner; and when we consider the stirring times which preceded the battle of Bennington, the fact that his duties were thus discharged affords the highest proof both of his faithfulness and execu- tive ability. After the decease of his first wife, Mary Willard, Mr. Grout m. in Dec. 1786, Mrs. Abigail Hutching, widow of Phineas Hutchins, whose children exactly equalled his own, there being ten living in each fam- ily. They were m. at Walpole, by Rev. Mr. Fessenden. Mr. Grout had had eleven children, but Patty the youngest had died. Mrs. Hutchins was originally from Lunenburg, and had probably had with Mr. Grout a life-loug acquaintance. (For the names and births of the children, see Hutchins.) Did Mr. Grout after his 2nd marriage, ever have a family gather- ing ? If so, it must have been a spacious table at which the group sat down, and the old commissary must have been reminded of the times when he made provision for the soldiers of Stark. He was a brave old man, and good as he was brave. He withheld no endeavors, and re- fused to make no sacrifices which the situation and circumstances of the country demanded for its best welfare. Though possessed of no great culture he was intelligent, and far-seeing and had all the quali- ties of a sterling man. His descendants may be proud in being able to trace their origin from such an ancestor. The following Record by Elijah Grout, as Justice of the Peace, may be of interest. " June 24th, 1800. Personally appeared Samuel Harper and Polly Carlow, (alias Polly Fanner) and made declaration that they took each other as husband and wife, and promised to do their duty to each other as such, and desired I would record the same and get it recorded in the Town Clerks office. " Before me, Elijah Grout, Justice of the Peace. John Geout Jr, brother of Elijah Grout, b. in Lunenburg, Jan. 13th, 1731 ; m. in L., Oct. 22nd, 1750, Phebe Spafford, (dau. of Capt. John and Hannah (Tyler) Spafford,) b. in Rowley, Mass., July 23d, 1733. After the birth of eight children, they removed to Charlestown. Ch. L Phebe, b. Mar. 21st, 1751 ; IL Elijah, b. in Charlestown, N. H., Jan. 26th, 1753 ; HL Susanna, b. iu Lunenburg, Dec. 12th, 1754 ; IV. and V. died young. VI. Endyraia, b. Aug. 5th, 1761 ; VII. John Butler, b. Apr. 28th, 1763 ; VIII. Ferdinand, baptized May 5th, 1765; IX. Theodore, baptized Feb. 1st, 1767; X. Frederica, b. in GROUT — HACKETT. 881 Charlestown, Dec. 1st, 1768 ; XI. Margaret Bradstreet, b. Apr. 10th, 1771. (See John Grout) Hall's Eastern Vt. page 650. Jehosiphat Grout, (also brother of Elijah,) b. Aug. 7th, 1753, m. Oct. 16th, 1788, Anna Parker, (grand-daughter of Lieut. Isaac Parker, and daughter of Isaac Parker, Jr.) b. in No. 4. in 1753. He d. in Keene, Sept. 6th, 1806 ; Ch. I. Sophia, b. May 10th, 1789, at Charles- town ; m. Apr. 21st, 1808, Phineas Cook, (then a lawyer but subse- quently the minister, and pastor of the Churches of Acworth and Lebanon,) b. in Hadley, Mais., Oct. 9th, 1781. (See His. of Acworth, page 148, for a sketch of Mr. Cook.) Solomon Grout, (also brother to Elijah,) b. June 27th, 1751, m. Ruth Putnam, of Charlestown, (dau. of Ebenezer and Mary Putnam,) b. Jan. 13th, 1749—50. Ch. I. Ebenezer, b. Apr. 12th, 1772; d. July 4th, 1775 ; IL Solomun, b. Jan. 20th, 1774 ; m. Sebra Allen, of Middlesex, Vt., had eight daughters, and one son, and died ; III. Jesse, b. May 15th, 1775; d. Sept. 16th, 1776 ; IV. Charlotte, b. Nov. 29th, 1777 ; m. William Mc Clintock, of Elmore, Vt., had four chil- dren— died March 12th, 1829 ; V. Ebenezer, b. Apr. 29th, 1779; m. Abigail Clark, of Rockingham, Vt., and settled in St. Charles, Canada East in 1809 ; had five children, and died March 12th, 1853 ; VI. Ruth, b. Nov. 24th, 1780 ; m. Josiah Hart, of Charlestown, in 1812. He died in 1837. when she removed to Chatham, Canada, and m. Ju- dah Center. yLPolly, b. Sept. 1st, 1782; ra. Philip Wheeler, of Mor- ristown, Vt., had five children. VII/. Levi, b. July 4th, 1784 ; m. Polly Nichols, of Morristown Vt., had three children, and was killed by the falling of a barn, Oct. 28th, 1820; YHi Dan, b. March 6th, 1786 ; m. April 4th, 1811, Beulah Elmore, dau. of one of the first set- tlers of Elmore, Vt; had nine children, and died Jan. 22nd, 1841; ^X. Phila, b. Aug. 20th, 1788 ; m. Edwin Richmond, of Morristown, Vt. had two children, and died Oct. 8th, 1811. John Hackett, m. Martha Putnam, and was in Charlestown two or three years from 1809, when he removed to Langdon, and after- wards returned to Charlestown. Ch. I. Betsy ; II. Harvey, who set- tled in Charlestown ; b. at Charlestown, 1810 ; m. Apr. 27th, 1854, Charlotte Putnam, (dau. of Nathan and Nancy (Grinnell) Putnam), b. at Charlestown, March 28th, 1818. Ch. 1. Henry Clark, only child, b. at Charlestown, Feb. 11th, 1855. Harvey Hackett enlisted as a soldier in the Mexican war, at the termination of which he was honorably discharged ; enlisted at Brattleboro, Vt, July 1863, in the Eleventh, Vt, Reg., Battery M.; died of wounds received in front of 382 HACKETT — HALL. Kichmond, Va., at David's Island, New York, June 17th, 1864. III. Martha; IV. John; V. Laura, d. at the age of 18 years; VI. Charles, b. in Langdon, Sept. 17th, 1815 ; m. Feb. 22nd, 1838, Olive Church, (dau. of John and Cynthia (White) Church.) (See Church) ; b. Aug. 4th, 1817. Ch. 1. George H., b. May 2nd, 1841; d. Nov. 12th, at McDougall Hospital, Fort Schuyler, N. Y. (See Soldiers in War of Eebelliou). 2. Anna Elizabeth, b. July 9th, 1844 ; 3. Ed- ward Herbert, b. July 23d, 1850 ; m. Aug. 1st, 1875, Emma Irwin, lives in Boston. Charles Hackett was elected deacon of the Evangel- ical Congregational church, in Charlestown, in 1874. Mrs. Olive Hackett, d. Feb. 2nd, 1873. Olivek Hall. Oliver Hall for many years a merchant and well known citjzen af Charlestown, was born at Middletown, Ct., Aug. 30th, 1752. He was the spn of Daniel Hall, jr., of Middletown, and Mary Dwight, daughter of Captain Samuel and Mary (Lyman) I) wight, of North- ampton, Mass. The children of Daniel Hall, jr., of whom Oliver was the eighth, were as follows. 1. Esther, b. Jan 12th, 1738 ; m. Steph- en Hall ; 2. Abiah, b. Dec. 2nd, 1740 ; m. Benjamin Clark, of West- field, Ct., (see Benjamin Clark), and died March 18th, 1826; 3. d. in infancy ; 4. Jonathan, b. Nov. 28th, 1743 ; d. unmarried, in Charles- ton, S. C; 5. Mary, b. Nov. 3d, 1745; m. Eliphalet Terry, of Enfield, Ct; d. Jan. 10th, 1833 ; 6. Daniel, b. Aug. 16th, 1747 ; d. Oct. 13th, 1755 ; 7. Elihu, b. March 23d, 1749 ; 8. Oliver ; 9. Phebe, b. June 23d, 1754 ; d. Nov. 2ud, 1759 ; 10. Seth, b. May 2ud, 1756 ; lived at Keene, N. H., and died unmarried in his early manhood. (See History of descendants of John Dwight, of Dedham, Mass., Vol. I. page 272-3.) Oliver Hall, probably in the year 1776, established himself in Charlestown. His business was that of a saddler, which in those days of horse-back riding was among the most lucrative, and seldom failed to give profitable returns to those who engaged in it. As a great share of the travelling was done on horse-back, every body who had the means, kept a horse and every body prided himself on having a fine saddle, and in case he was blessed with a family, an elegant pillion which was a kind of double saddle, on which a man and woman were accustomed to ride together. In riding the arms of the lady were thrown in such a manner around the gentleman, as to enable lier in all cases to keep her seat firmly, unless her companion should be thrown, when of course she would go ofi" with him. For a lady to HALL. 383 mount upon a pillion or saddle, provision was made at every house and at every public place, in the form of what was termed a horse- block ; which was not only an indispensable convenience on every man's premises, but might almost be called a necessity. This was mounted by steps to a platform at such a height, as to enable a lady to sit down easily behind the person with whom she was going to ride. Mr. Hall, on establishing himself in Charlestown, very soon built up an immense business, for he had not only Charlestown to supply, but most of the towns around for many miles. His first years in town were in the period of the Revolution, when such were the demands for his manufactures, that he had, immediately, all he could do. Nor did he cease to do a profitable business, in some form, while he lived. Probably no man in Charlestown, from its settlement to the present time, ever did as much business as Mr. Hall, aud the amount of proper- ty -which he left, which was estimated at $ 300,000, shows that his bus- iness must have been profitable to an uncommon degree. But only a small part of this wealth was due to his business as a saddler ; for he very soon, on this, engrafted that of a merchant, through which he also engaged in extensive speculations of various kinds. He bought up large stores of provision^ and kept a team for transporting them to mar- ket; also large numbers of cattle and horses. Some of the horses he sent to the West Indies, to which islands, also, he sent large shipments of mules. Dr. Samuel Crosby, who married the sister of the wife of Mr. Hall, and who had settled in Charlestown, as an apothecary, was employed to make extensive journeys on his business and to act as his agent, for many years. It was thus, by extending his business in all di- rections and continually exercising a strict oversight over it, that he at length died possessed of greater wealth than ever fell to the share of any other inhabitant of the town. Mr. Hall was a man very much respected and one who usually gain- ed the good^will of those whom he employed. One of our oldest citi- zens says, "I never heard anything against the character of Mr. Hall, and though I lived with him a little while, when I was a boy, I never saw but one thing in which there was even the appearance of dishonesty. The old gentleman had a very large thumb, aud when he used to draw liquor or molasses he would always take hold of the measure in such a manner as to insert his great thumb into it. He would, therefore, al- ways save the amount in the measure that that took up. I used to think that that was not honest, but it was the only indication of dishon- esty that I ever detected in him." From this description, we think 384 HALL. that it may be, at least, inferred, that Mr. Hall was not one of the worst of men. Mr. Hall built the house that is now owned by Mr. Richardson Rob- ertson, and his store stood in the yard just north of it. He married, soon after coming to town, Nov. 16th, 1777, Hannah Terry, (dau. of Benjamin Terry, jr., of Enfield, Ct.) b. Oct. 10th, 1756. She was a very intelligent and accomplished lady, and her coming happily result- ed in bringing two others, of the same family, into the place, viz. Mrs. Simeon Olcott and Mrs. Samuel Crosby, who for years, subsequently, exerted both an elevating and refining influence upon its society. The issue by this marriage was I. Horace, b. Oct. 8th, 1778 ; U. Seth, b. March 4th, 1786 ; HI. Solon, b. Feb. 28th, 1789. Of these sons, Seth became insane and died in 1818, and Solon died Dec. 12th, 1806, at the early age of seventeen. Horace was early sent to an excellent school then taught at Leominster, Mass., and ultimately fitted for Dart- mouth College, at which institution he graduated in 1798. As his fa- ther was possessed of ample means, he did not care to study a profession, but contented himself with assisting his father a portion of his time in his business, and devoting the remainder to a life of gentlemanly ease. In this manner, without any particular aim or rnethod, his life was spent tUl the death of his father, which occured Jan. 1st, 1822. He was then left, with what at that time, seemed an immense amount of property on his hands, with which, in consequence of his having failed to inform himself in relation to general business operations, he knew not what to do. After the death of his father he entered into partnership with Mr. James Read, of Boston, but being, by nature, a great lover of ease, he preferred merely to furnish capital while Mr. Read was left to carry out all active business arrangements. He was a man who liked to do bus- iness on a large scale, and having at command a great amount of capi- tal, made many investments which, however promising they may have appeared in the beginning, proved, in the end, to be exceedingly un- profitable ; so much so that it was found in, 1841, that the entire prop- erty of the firm had been sunk, and a failure was consequently necessi- tated. Mr. Hall had the sympathy of the citizens of Oharlestown, and a mde circle of acquaintance, but that would not restore him his lost property or place him in the circumstances in which he had stood before. While in possession of his ample fortune, Mr. Hall erected the Stone Grist-mill, in Charlestown, which is thus described in the Annals of the town, by Rev. Jaazaniah Crosby, published in 1834: "About a mUe from the village and on the spot where Spafibrd's Mills were burnt, in HALL — HAMLIN. 385 1746, and again in 1757, and where recently stood the mills erected in 1804, by Oliver Hall, Esq., there is now in erection, by his son, Horace Hall, Esq., a grist mill of a superior structure and of durable materials. The edifice is square, the breadth of its sides 40 feet, and its height on the west end is 80 feet. The materials of the front and corners are granite and the residue of stone from the neighboring hills. The whole edifice is founded on a rock, and during the preparations for the founda- tion were discovered among the rubbish, fragments of the mills burnt by the Indians. The diameter of the water wheel is 28 feet, and its weight about six tons. The extent of the fall is between 40 and 50 feet, and the borders on the stream beneath are beautifully variegated by trees and shrubs : the whole, in the direction of the stream exhibiting a peculiarly romantic appearance." Horace Hall never married. At one time it was supposed that he in- tended marriage as he purchased furniture for the new house, as it was called, (the one now occupied by J. G. Briggs, jr., Esq.) but the name of the lady who received his attentions, if there was one, is not known, and we are in the same ignorance in relation to the causes that broke up the match. The story commonly reported about it is without founda- tion. Horace Hall died in Charlestown, Oct. 20th, 1861, and with him the family became extinct. I should have stated that Oliver Hall represent- ed the town in 1804-05 and Horace in 1810-11. Hamlin. James and John Hamlin, brothers came to America in 1622. A son of James, Giles Hamlin settled in Middletown, Ct., about the year 1650, and from him the Hamlin families in Charlestown are descend- ed. He was born in 1622, and died in 1689. He married Mrs. Esther (Crow) Goodwin, who was born in 1628, and died Aug. 23d, 1700. By this marriage there were seven children. William the sixth, in the order of birth, was born Feb. 3d, 1668, and died May 28th, 1733. He married Susanna Collins, May 26th, 1692. By this marriage, there were eight children, through the fourth of whom Nathaniel, the regu- lar line of descent is traced. He was born Oct. 26th, 1699, and died April 25th, 1731. He married Sarah Harris, Sept. 16th, 1725, who survived him and married for her 2nd, husband, Nathaniel Baker. William, the first child of Nathaniel and Sarah (Harris) Hamlin b. Feb. 11th, 1726, married June 28th, 1750, Hannah Allen, b. in 1738. He died in Charlestown, N. H., 1822. She died in 1808. William, 386 HAMLIN. the 3d child of William and Hannah (Allen) Hamlin, was born Sept. 14th, 1754, and died in Charlestown Dec. 29th, 1831. He was one of a family of thirteen children whose names were Lucia, Hannah, Wil- liam, Lucia, Susanna, Sarah, Elizabeth, Experience, Harris, Rebecca, Olive, Mary and Oliver. William Hamlin, was three times married — m. 1st Hepsibeth Sav- age, by whom he had two children. L Lucy, b. Feb. 19th, 1777 ; m. Daniel Crowell, of Middletown, Ct. II. Hepsibeth, b. Aug. 17th, 1799 ; m. Samuel Candee, of Middletown, and removed to Trenton, N. J. His wife dying he m. 2nd, Lucy Kirby, also of Middletown, by whom he had seven children. Ill Ashbel, b. Jan. 8th, 1782 ; d. 1796 ; IV. , Joseph, b. Sept. 2nd, 1784 ; m. Catherine West, (dau. of Capt. Samuel Sprague, and Phebe (Carlton) West) of Charlestown, June 3d, 1809; and removed to the State of New York; V. Roxana, b. Jan. 1785; m. Royal West, son of Capt. Samuel Sprague West; VI. Cornelia, b. Feb. 10th, 1786 ; m. James Plumb, and d. July 20th, 1814; VII. Da- vid, b. Dec. 3d, 1788; m. in Trenton. N. J., Sarah D. Montague. VIII. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 10th, 1790 ; m. Aaron Savage ; IX. Hannah, b. July 8th, 1792 ; ra. Cephas S. Mc Connell. Mr. Mc Connell became editor of the Orleans Republican, the Rochester Union, and the Chi- cago Editor of the New York Evangelist. Mrs. Mc Connell was an accomplished and excellent woman. She died in Albion, N. Y. Feb. 25th, 1873. William Hamlin, m. 3d, Thankful Knowles of Middletown, Ct., b. July 25th, 1769, by whom he had ten children. X. Seth, b. Feb. 11th, 1795, m. Amelia Thomas ; XI. Mary K., b. March 25th, 1796; m. George Lawrence of Danville, Vt ; and died July 21st, 1863. XII. Nancy H-, b. April 14th, 1797 ; m. 1st, Michael Riley ; m. 2d, Rich- ard O. Southworth. XIIL Ashbel, b. Aug. 20, 1798; m. Oct. 26th, 1824, Mary Grout (dau. of Major Jonathan and Parthena (Page) Grout,) b. March 15th, 1797. The following notice of Mr. Hamlin appeared ifli the Granite State Journal, published at Claremont, soon after his decease on the 3d of May, 1875. Ashbel Hamlin Esq., died on the 3d of May, at his home in Charlestown, at the venerable age of 77 years. Mr. Hamlin was not only well known in Charlestown, but extensively, through his business relations, throughout Sullivan, and Cheshire County. He was one of the Selectmen in Charlestown in 1838-39-40 and '41, and the repre- sentative of the town in the Legislature in 1841-42. He was chosen HAMLIN. 387 one of the JDirectors of the old " Connecticut River State Bank," and held the same office in the Connecticut River National Bank, up to the time of his decease. He was also one of the Directors of " the Cheshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company.' Mr. Hamlin met with an accident about 17 years ago, by being thrown from a carriage, which resulted in a spinal atfection, from which he suffered so much that for several years previous to his decease he was able to give but little attention to public affairs. During the last three years of his life, he was in. an almost helpless condition, though he occasionally rode to the village, to attend to absolutely necessary business — Mrs. Hamlin survives her husband. The following are their children. 1. Ann B. b. Feb. 8th, 1830; m. Oct. lOch, 1854, Benjamin Willard. Putnam, (son of Benjamin and Sally (Willard) Putnam.) (See Put- nam.) 2. William H., b. Oct. 19th, 1832 ;m. Oct. 10th, 1854, Melissa L. Dodge (dau. of Nahum Dodge) b. May 27th, 1832 ; Ch. (1) Fred W., b. July 24th, 1855; (2) Louise J., b. Sept. 22nd, 1857; (3) Mary E., b. Dee. 6th, 1862 ; (4) Walter H., b. April 15th, 1868 ; (5) Myrtle B., b. May 10th, 1875 ; d. May 4th, 1876. 3. David 8., b. April 2nd, 1838; m. March 30th, 1866, Abby J. Saunders, (dau. of Dr. Horace and Abigail (Judevine) Saunders) b. Aug. 18th, 1844. Ch. (1) Harry S., b. Jan. 17th, 1867, in Iowa Falls, Iowa ; d. Oct. 2ud, 1867 ; (2) Lynn C, b. Aug. 17th, 1869. XIV. Jerusha, (daughter of William and Thankful (Knowles) Ham- lin,) b. Dec. 7th, 1799 ; XV. Giles, b. Feb. 7th, 1801 ; m. Mary Hart, (dau. of Josiah and Susannah Hart,) Nov. 18th, 1831 ; Ch. 1. George W., b. Oct. 5th, 1833; m. Sept. 18th, 1860, Ellen L. White, (dau. of Capt. Rand White, (see R. White,) and settled in C. Ch. (1) Minnie M., b. Sept. 9th, 1861 ; (2) Frank W., b. June 14th, 1863 ; (3) Charles L., b. June 4th, 1864 ; (4) Fannie R., b. March 13th, 1866 ; (5) A. Lloyd, b. May 7th, 1868 ; 2. Maria W., b. Dec. 21st,' 1834 ; d. Mar. 3d, 1860 ; 3. Elmira L., b. Mar. 3d, 1836 ; m. Dr. M. Bailey, and settled in Bellows Falls ; d. June 23d, 1862 ; no issue. ' 4. Cornelia R., b. July 17th, 1837 ; d. Feb. 13th, 1866; 5. Syl- vester A., b. Sept. 27th, 1839 ; m. March 22nd, 1867, Mary E. Mea- chara, and settled in Iowa Falls, Iowa — both now living in Virdi, Ne- yada — They have had five children — three living— Millie, Georgia, and 6. Sophia S., b.Feb. 21st, 1841 ; m. Oct. 5th, 1870, Augustus Caudee, of Holland, N. Y., where they now reside and have three chil- dren. 7. Catherine E., b. March 16tb, 1843 ; m. E. J. Fifield, of Clareniont— resides in Springfield, Mass., — has one child. 8 and 9, S88 HAMLIN— HARLOW. Horace H., and Henry H., b. April 6th, 1846 — Horace H., m. Sept. 8th, 1869, Eliza Paine, of Chicopee, Mass., and settled in that place — no issue— Henry H., in. March 28th, 1867, Ellen P. Farwell, (dau. of Lewis Farwell, of Charlestown) — settled in Chicopee, where she died, June 6th, 1871, leaving one child, Alice, b. April 1869 ; 10. Emma R., b. Sept. 11th, 1851. There were two other children, b. but they died in a few hours. XVI. Harriet, b. Aug. 20th 1802; m. R. S. Southworth, New Britian, Ct. XVII. Sophia, b. Jan. 22nd, 1804 ; d. 1810 ; XVIII. Sophia D., b. June 6th, 1805 ; m. William Knights, of Paris, N. Y. XIX. Clarissa S., b. Sept. 21st, 1807; m. "William Colt, of Rochester, N. Y. William Hamlin, the father of this numerous family, was born in Middletown, Ct., as his progenitors had been for four generations. Of the exact date of his coming to take up his residence in Charlestown, I am not informed, but he was here as early as 1803. He was made a deacon of the church, and served acceptably in that office for many years. He was a regular attendant upon public worship and a strict observer of the sabbath. He was in addition, a taverner, as hotel keep- ers were then called, and furnished plentifully to his customers both the food and the beverages which were common at that day. His venerable father and mother came to live with him at an advanced age, and their remains repose in our village cemetery. His father was always called Captain Hamlin, a title which it is said that he re- ceived in connection with military service, in the war of the Revolu- tion. Mrs. Lydia Grout, who still retains a vivid recollection of this venerable couple speaks of them as " very entertaining and very ex- cellent and exemplary people." Levi Harlow, b. Jan. 2nd, 1774; m. Anna Damon, b. Feb. 22nd 1772. He d. Oct. 18th, 1848 ; she d. March 1850. Ch. I. Abigail b. June 2nd, 1794; m. Abel> Fling, of Windsor, Vt; d. Feb. 21st 1819. IL Anna, b. July 24th, 1795 ; ra. Robert Parker, of Spring- field, Vt.; d. Sept. 3d, 1874. He d. Jan. 1857, aged 66. III. Han nah, b. Jan. 27th, 1801 ; m. Jotham Sanderson, of Springfield, Vt. his widow now lives in C. He d. Aug. 28th, 1841, aged 41. IV. Beela, b. May 3d, 1805 ; d. May 7th, 1806. V. William, b. June 22nd, 1807 ; m. Apr. 9th, 1834, Sarah Wiley, (dau. of Samuel and Lucy (Miller) Wiley, of Langdon, N. H.) He d. Aug. 27th, 1853. She d. March 3d, 1871. One child, Sarah Jane Harlow, b. July 25th, 1843 ; m. March 25th, 1867, Henry Willard, b. Oct. 28th, 1837. (He is son of Nelson Half, of Peru, N. Y., who m. Prudence Everest and HARLOW — HART. 389 was named George Washington Haff, but was afterwards, on his adop- tion into the family of Levi Willard, of Charlestown, given his pres- ent name). They have one child, Lila Williams, b. Jan. 22nd, 1871. VI. Tisdil Harlow, b. Sept. 23d, 1808; m. Mary Jane Wiley, (dau. of John and Polly Wiley, of Rockingham, Vt.) Ch. 1. Horace, b. in Charlestown, Oct. 11th, 1837 ; m. Emily F. Graves, of Bellows Falls, Dec. 25th, 1864 ; Ch. (1) Edward Tisdil, b. Apr. 3d, 1866 ; (2) Joseph Briggs, b. Apr. 3d, 1867. 2. Harriet, b. Dec. 20th, 1839-; m. Henry Ellison, Nov. 1861 — has 3 children, William Henry, Frank and Bertrand Payson — resides in Belmont, Mass. 3. Mary Jane, b. June 28th, 1844 ; m. Herbert Proctor, of Rockingham, Vt., Sept. 23d, 1871 — one child, Arthur Proctor, b. July 7th, 1868 ; resides in Boston. 4. Martha Cabot, b. Dec. 3d, 1847 ; d. Oct. 21st, 1870 ; 2, 3, and 4, b. in Windsor, Vt. VII. Eliza Harlow, b. Oct. 16th, 1810 ; m. Sid- ney Wiley, of Langdon, N. H.; no children ; lived in Charlestown, 13 years, now in Langdon. VIII. Mary Ann, b. March 16th, 1812 ; m. William Hart ; resides in Roxbury, Mass. Ch. David, d. in the army ; Ann Maria, who m. Henry Allen, of Canton, N. Y.; Abbie Louisa and Eliza. IX. Betsy Harlow, b. May 22d, 1813; ra. Silas P. Mack, Jan. 1st, 1837. X. Levi B. Harlow, b. Feb. 5th, 1815 ; m. Elithea G. D. Parker — resides in Springfield, Vt. Ch. Elmira, Julia, Wilbur, Bradford, Levi, Stella, Milton. Baenum Haelow, b. in 1777 ; m. Susanna Reed, b. about 1780 — she d. in 1825. Mr. Harlow moved to North Charlestown, about 1828, where he remained till his death in Feb. 1859. Before settling in town he had five children. Almira, Willard B., Lewis W., David and Jehial. Willard B. and Lewis W., settled at first in Charlestown village, but in about two years removed to Springfield, Vt. David settled in the village about 1838, but after a residence of twelve or fif- teen years, in which time he buried two children, he removed from town. Jehial, b. July 31st, 1819; settled in town in 1846, and m. Nov. 1841, Jane S. Bowtell, (dau. of Josiah and Millia (Buckman) Bow- tell), b. Sept. 29th, 1821. Ch. 1. Jane B., b. Dec. 19th, 1842 ; d.Sept. 19th, 1848. 2. Emery O., b. Sept. 10th, 1844 ; d. Aug. 24th, 1848. 3. Ella, b. Dec. 8th, 1849. 4. Edward, b. Jan. 4th, 1852. 5. Frank, b. Aug. 27th, 1854. 6. Jennie, b. in June ; d. July 20th, 1872. 7. Anna, b. Jan. 6th, 1865. Mr. Jehial Harlow removed to Keene, N. H., his present place of residence, (1876), in 1868. John and Submit (Faensworth) Hart, ra. July 9th, 1773. Ch. I. Thomas, b. Dec. 5th, 1775. II and III. Eunice and Hastings, twins ; 390 HART — HASSAM. b. March 11th, 1777 ; Hastings d. July 28th, 1777 ; Eunice d. Aug. 19th, 1777. IV. Benjamin, b. May 4th, 1778. V. John jr., b. May 1st, 1790. John Hart was a soldier in Capt. Abel Walker's Co., in the war of the Revolution. JosiAH AND Mehitable Haet. Ch. I. Cynthia, b. Nov. 16th, 1773. II. NaomK, b. Aug. 21st, 1775 ; m. Lester Fling, Aug. 31st, 1794. III. Josiah, jr., b. Aug. 28th, 1779 ; m. July 17th, 1808, Ruth Grout ; m. 2ud, Susanna Putnam. IV. Esther, b. Sept. 27th, 1791. V. Seth, b. July 25th, 1793. VI. Susanna, b. Nov. 20th, 1795.; VII. Polly, b. Feb. 17th, 1798. VIII. Hiram Hugo, b. in Middlesex, Vt., Aug. 10th, 1804. IX. Charles Milo, b. June 3d, 1806. X. Mary Fling, b. Oct. 17th, 1807. XL David Nelson, b. June 13th, 1809. XII. Josiah Harlow, b. Jan. 29th, 1811. XIII and XIV. Loisa and Almira, twin daughters, b. July 20th, 1812. XV. William Bass, b. July 3d, 1814. XVI. Charlotte, b. Oct. 10th, 1815. Daniel Hart, b. 1803, in county of Cork, Ireland ; m. 1st, 1833, Johanna Dunnegan, b. in county of Cork, Ireland. Came to Ameri- ca in 1837 — to Charlestown in 1862. Daniel, the only child living, out of six, b. in Ludlow, Vt., 1849, is m. and resides in Lowell, Mass. Mr. Hart ra. 2nd, Mrs. Margaret Laton. James Haetnett, (son of James and Bridget Hartuett), b. in the county of Tipperary, Ireland, Nov. 18th, 1830 ; m. Sept. 20th, 1852, Ellen Larkin, (dan. of William and Elizabeth Larkin), b. in Nania, May 2nd, 1830. Ch. I. James, b. in Charlestown, N. H., Feb. 11th, 1854. II. Nellie F., b. Feb. 26th, 1859. James Hartnett d. 1876. Stephen Hassam, (the name sometimes spelt Hasham), was the sou of Samuel Hassam and Mary Simpson, of Boston, where he was born about the year 1761. His grand-father was also named Samuel and was in General Amherst's army for the invasion of Canada in 1759. Stephen was about 14 years old when the battle of Bunker Hill was fought, and witnessed the conflict from the steeple of a church at the north end ; and he used to say that he carried water on the oc- casion to the soldiers of the Copp's Hill battery. The family, during the war, removed from Boston to Grafton and thence, after a short res- idence, to Worcester where he learned the trade of a clock maker. From Worcester he came to Charlestown, N. H., established himself in business. Here he m. Sept. 27th, 1787, Theodosia, daughter of John and Susanna Hastings, (see Hastings), by whom he had the following children, all b. in C. Ch. I. Elizabeth, b. May 6th, 1790; m. about 1816, James Plumb, of Middletown, Ct.; d. in Delhi, N. Y. II. Mary, H ASS AM. 391 b. Dec. 19th, 1791; m. Solon Lovell, of Rockingham, Vt., about 1815; d. in Delhi, N. Y., Feb. 4th, 1867. III. John Hastings, b. 1792; m. Margaret Nichols, in Raleigh, N. C, where he d. about 1822. IV. Mi- randa, b. ; m. Guy Ely, of Charlestown ; d. in Delhi, N. Y., Feb. 15th, 1856. V. Stephen Danforth, b. May 14th, 1797 ; ra. Oct. 24th, 1822, Mary, daughter of Roswell Hunt and Mary Willard, of C; b. Sept. 5tli, 1802. Mr. Hassam d. at Charlestown, Dec. 29th, 1851 ; Mrs. Hassam at Manchester, N. H., Nov. 19th, 1873 — buried at Charlestown. Their children all b. in C. 1. John Hastings, b. Aug. 12th, 1823; d. March 21st, 1835. 2. Frederick Fitch, b. Oct. 6th, 1825; m. in New York city, Jan. 7th, 1851, Rosa Delia, daughter of Peleg and Mary Hathorne, of Bangor, Me. Ch. all born in Dorches- ter, Mass. (1) Rosa, b. March 29th, 1852 ; d. March 13th, 1855. (2) Lily, b. Nov. 28th, 1854. (3) Frederick, b. Oct. 8th, 1859. (4) Mary, b. Aug. 29th, 1861. (5) Nerval, b. May 17th, 1806. 3. George Avery, b. Aug. 20th, 1832 ; m. Leonora Babb, in Manchester, N. H., Nov. 2nd, 1854. 4. Roswell Hunt, b. Feb. 16th, 1845. (The com- piler of this work is indebted to this gentleman, who is connected with the Manchester, N. H., Locomotive Works, for this account of the Hassam family, and also for facts relating to Col. Samuel Hunt and descendants.) Mrs. Theodosia (Hastings) Hassam d. in Charlestown, March 6th, 1841, and Mr. Stephen Hassam, soon after, Aug. 19th, 1841, m. Lucy A. Miller, of Springfield, Vt. By this marriage he had five children, all like his former children, b. in Chiirlestown. Children of Stephen Hassam by 2nd wife. VI. John Ferdinand, b. about 1843 ; private in Co. B., 14th Reg. N. H., Vol's.; died at Washington, D. C, July 31st, 1863. VII. Flora J., b. Oct., 4th, 1844; m. March 14th, 1866, Charles Burnham, of Springfield, Vt.; died there Feb. 9th, 1868 ; buried in C. VIII. Winfield Scott, b. Sept. 19th, 1847. IX. Carrie Phebe, b. Sept. 19ih, 1849 ; m. Eugene A. Randall, in Spring- field, Vt., Aug. 15th, 1868 — resides in Charlestown.' X. Emily, b. Aug. 1851; died 1855. ■ Mr. Hassam having reached the age of nearly if not quite a hundred years, died on the 4th of Feb. 1861. Mr. Hassam became quite noted in his trade as a clock-maker, and clocks of his manufacture are still to be found in considerable numbers. The Town Clock on the church of the South Parish, in Charlestown, is his work, though not, perhaps, a good specimen of his skill on the whole. He was undoubtedly gifted, by nature, with no little mechanical genius, and had he turned his attention more in that direction might have ex- 392 HASSAM — HASTINGS. celled in carving and sculpture. The Golden Eagle carved by him, which has, for years, spread its wings over the porch of the principal hotel in the village, has been greatly admired for its beautiful propor- tions and for the evidence of genius and skill which it exhibits. This hotel was also built by Mr. Hassam, as also the house now owned by Eben. Tidd, Esq., standing on or near the spot where Captain James Johnson and family and others were taken captive by the Indians on the 29th of Aug., 1754. Many anecdotes are told of Mr. Hassam, who had many peculiar- ities and eccentricities, of which the limits of this department of this history will not allow of insertion. De. John Hastings. John Hastings, the ancestor of the Hastings families in Charlestown, was one of the most prominent of the proprietors and early settlers. His name is attached to the petition for the first proprietors' meeting, after the settlement of the place. At that meeting he was appointed chairman of two of the most important committees, and was also chosen' to the two responsible ofiices of Proprietor's Clerk and Treasurer. The vote, by which he was elected to these offices, is thus recorded : 15th. Voted, That Mr. John' Hastings, of Fort Dummer, be Propri- etors' Clerk. 16th. Voted, also, That the said John Hastings be the Proprietors' Treasurer ; and his name is subsequently found in such connections as to afibrd evidence that he was one of the most trustworthy men of the early settlement. On the organization of the township, under New-Hampshire, in 1753, Mr. Hastings was elected Town Clerk and 2nd Selectman ; Capt. PhLn- eas Stevens being Moderator, 1st Selectman and Town Treasurer. The offices stood the same in the following year, after which, Capt. Stevens, on his appointment to a command in the army of Nova Scotia, removed from the place. In the subsequent year, 1755, Lieutenant Isaac Parker being Moderator, Mr. Hastings was chosen Town Clerk, 1st Selectman and Town Treasurer. To sum up the offices which he held, he was Town Clerk for the first nine years after the organization of the town, was twice the 2nd Selectman, and five times the first, which offices were all held successively from year to year, and he was once, as has been said. Town Treasurer. His record shows that he was one of the most honorable and honored of our early citizens. Doctor Hastings, for he was a physician, was the son of Dr. Thomas HASTINGS. 393 Hastings, of Hatfield, Mass. His father was teacher of the first school ever taught in that town. It was in the year 1681. He after- wards became a distinguished teacher and did much for education in that place. John, his son, was born Sept. 17th, 1789, and m., 1st, Lyd- ia , who died June 21st, 1716. By this marriage he had two children, both named Lydia, who d. early. He m., 2nd, July 4th, 1720, Hannah, (dau. of Dea. John White) b. March 26th, 1695. She died Aug. 13th, 1774. (S. Stevens' Journal). Ch. I. Sylvanus, b. March 22nd, 1721 ; m. Jemima, (eldest daughter of Lieutenant Moses and Su- sannah (Hastings) Willard) b. at Turkey Hills, in Lunenburg, Mass., June 29th, 1728. Ch. 1. Susanna, b. May 29th, 1746 ; 2. Oliver, b. Jan. 3d. 1748 ; d. Sept., 1757 ; 3. Jemima, b. Jan. 29th, 1750 ; m. Jed- ediah Rice, published Nov. 30th, 1783, (see Rice); 4. Sylvanus, jr., b. March 23d, 1752 ; m. Betsy . Ch. (1) Guy, b. May 27th, 1788 ; (2 and 3) Luke and Lewis, twins, b. Apr. 6th, 1790 ; (4) Joel, b. Apr. 2nd, 1792 ; (5) Betsy, b. May 16th, 1794 ; 5. John, b. June 18th, 1754 ; m. Miriam , (maiden name not known); d. March 14th, 1813. Ch. (1) Solemith, b. June 28th, 1776 ; d. 29th, Sept. follow- ing ; (2) Fanny, b. Oct. 17th, 1777; m. Elias Olcott, jr., of Rocking- ham, Vt. and had ten children ; (3) Sheloma, b. Apr. 13th, 1781 ; 6. Moses Willard, b. Nov. 6th, 1756 ; m., Apr. 6th, 1780, Jerusha Spencer, b. Apr. 10th, 1758. He was 3d Selectman in 1795 and '97. He died July 31st, 1834 ; 7. Oliver, b. March 4th, 1759 ; d., of small pox, the 11th of Apr. following ; 8. Elizabeth, b. May 21st, 1760 ; d. Aug. 21st, 1761. 9. Oliver, b. June 10th, 1762 ; m. Olive Reed, b. in Townsend, Mass., but who came to Charlestown to reside with Mrs. Jotham White, her sis- ter, when 14 years of age. Oliver Hastings having pursued the study of medicine, settled in Charlestown, and was for many years, a popular and successful physician, (see Physicians.) He became so well known in his profession, and such reliance was placed on his skill,- that it often became difficult for him to meet the demands made upon him by his ex- tensive practice. He not only had calls at a considerable distance, in the towns around, in New-Hampshire, but his services were also in fre- quent requisition in the neighboring towns in Vermont. He commenc- ed his practice about the year 1785 or 86, and continued it steadily with only such interruptions as his other duties required, till 1821, when, from dropsy, he became incapacitated for labor, but even then, there were many who were unwilling to give him up, but felt that they must have his opinion, especially in cases of very dangerous sickness ; and 394 HASTINGS. even after he was unable to get into his carriage in the common way, such was his desire to gratify them, that he would have a plank laid from his door to the carriage on which he would walk slowly, and with much difficulty to his seat. He would then go and visit the patient, and consult the attending physician, getting out and into the carriage in a simi- lar way. At length the power of his disease became so enhanced and his breathing so difficult that he was entirely confined to his house, suf- fering greatly, till the 3d of Oct., 1823, when he died. Dr. Hastings was much employed in public life. He was twice, viz. in the years 1803 and 1806, elected to represent the town in the legisla- ture. But he became most conspicuous for the military offices which he held. In 1794, John Taylor Gilman being Governor, the legislature from June 4th to June 21st held its session, at Amherst, N. H. On the 7th of June of that year. Dr. Oliver Hastings was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant of a troop of horse, in the 16th regiment of the New-Hamp- shire militia. He, was a Captain in 1798, and escorted Gtov. Gilman on the 3d of Sept. of that year, with his company through Charlestown from the Walpnle to the Claremont line. From that time he rose through the successive gradations of office till, on the 1st of March, 1817, he received the appointment of Major General from Governor William Plumer. Gen. Hastings had that turn of mind for military affairs, and that tact which rendered him not only an excellent officer, but contributed greatly to his popularity in the discharge of the duties of his office. He knew very well how to preserve his dignity and at the same time be so familiar as to retain the regard and the good-will of his soldiers. He was open hearted and generous, and was never accustomed to spare ex- pense in entertaining his subordinate officers. Indeed, such was his course and such the popularity that he gained by it, that when he died his funeral brought together the largest concourse of people that ever had assembled previously on a funeral occasion in the county. He was buried with masonic and military honors, and it was estimated that five thousand people were present to witness the spectacle and to do honor to the deceased. Gen.. Hastings, or Dr. Hastings, call him by which name you wUl, for he was called almost equally by both, was characterized by a very clear mental perception, and quick wit, to which were added not a few idio- syncracies that gave him an individuality, which, as an Emerald Island- er might say, made him very much like himself Many anecdotes are told of him, which doubtless have received large additions by those who HASTINGS. 395 have told them from time to time, till now they hardly comport with the character of a man who was so extensively respected and esteemed as it is certain that he was. And could the Doctor now hear them, if he rec- ognized their wit as originally his own he would probably feel no little disgust at the vulgarity by which their narration is often accompanied. Let those, then, who in hearing them, have formed opinions adverse to Dr. Hastings, consider, that one whose popularity was such that his ftmeral procession extended from the old Hastings place (now owned by his grand-daughter, Mrs. C. C. Kimball) in one unbroken line to the spot in the cemetery where Dr. Hasting's remains now rest, must have been, both in heart and life something more than an ordinary man, and must have preserved such a deportment in society as would entitle him to high respect. Eeference has been made to traditional anecdotes of Dr. Hastings, many of which are very amusing. I have only room for the following, which the generation who knew him were accustomed to relate with great glee. Social drinking was a custom of his time, which was reputable then, but which, from a great change in public opinion, is not deemed so now. Ministers of the gospel kept the best liquors in their houses, and were accustomed to drink freely in their visits among their people, and such examples being set, they were followed, without scruple, by all other classes of society, and if there were those, who occasionally took a little more than it was convenient for them to carry away, their char- acters did not suffer to the extent, to which those in a similar condi- tion, would now ; but it was usually put to the account of some phys- ical infirmity, that rendered them more sensitive to the influences of the social glass, than was common when in a different state. Tliat Dr. Hastings was not in advance of his generation in this matter, the fol- lowing amusing incident will illustrate. While Dr. Hastings was at Concord, in 1803, to attend to his duties as representative, to which office he had been elected in the previous March ; meeting a circle of old friends one day he indulged with them, according to the usual custom, in a social drink, till he was so deep in his potations, that he found it couvenient, as he was returning home, to stop and rest him by a hitching post, at the side of the street. While standing in this position, and in somewhat of a quandary as to his further movements, one of the company with whom he had been regaling himself happening to come along, called out to him in a famil- iar and jocular manner, and yet as if he was somewhat surprised, " Why 396 HASTINGS. Dr. Hastings, what are you doing here ?" " Doing " cried the Doctor, repeating the word and still holding on to the post, " Doing, I am do- ing just what my townsmen sent me here to do, I am representing Charlestown." His friend came to his aid, and assisted him to his lodgings, but could not forbear, subsequently, to narrate the Incident, greatly to the amusement of their mutual acquaintances, who had many a laugh over the faithfulness with which the Doctor represented his constituents. Much more could be said of Dr. Hastings, but what has been already said must suffice to show the impression he left upon his generation. Children of Dr. Oliver and Olive (Reed) Hastings. (1) Caroline, b. Feb. 2nd, 1793 (Feb. 22nd, 1792. Record in the Bible in poss'essiou of Porter Spencer); m. Dr. John Duncan, (see Ph)'sicians),; (2) Oli- ver, jr., b. Aug. 31st, 1806 (Aug. 31st, 1805, Bible Record); m., Feb. 25th, 1830, Catherine Reed, (dau. of Roswell and Charlotte (Minor) Reed, of Saxton's River) (see Howard Reed). Ch. [1] Olive Phil- lips, b. Sept. 16th, 1831 ; m.. May 31st, 1860, Charles Carroll Kimball, (son of Brooks and Pressilla Vinal (Bisbee) Kimball) b. Oct. 2nd, 1829, (see Kimball); [2] Caroline Duncan, b. Sept. 14th, 1835 ; m. Dec. 25th, 1862, George Kimball, ( son of Benjamin and Mary ( Ed- wards) Kimball), b. Oct, 22nd, 1827. The circumstances of the present times render the following deeds, as a portion of the history of Charlestown of interest. " Know all men by these Presents that I Nathinel Carey of Mans- field State of Connect. Trayder in consideration of the sum of Forty five Pounds L. M. to me in hand Paid by 01. Hastings of Charles- town in the State of Newhampshire Physician Ricpt here of I do here by acknowledge Reliece and sell unto the sd 01. Hastings a cer- tain Negro Man servant Named Tom — Aged about twenty nine years a slave for life and formaly the property of Maj'r John Wiley to have and to hold the sd Negro to him the sd O. Hastings as his own proper Estate for his own proper yousse to him and his airs and asines for ever During the said Negro Natral life and I Do here by ingage to warant that the said Negro was sound and fit for service and is my own proper Estate before the delivery here of in witnes here of I have here unto set my hand and seal this twenty-second Day of April One Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty five in the Presants of us. Ichoft Grout, Nathaniel Cary, Joel Reed." HASTINGS. 397 I " Know all men by these presents that I Jotham White of Spring- field in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont Gentleman for and in consideration of the sum of Thirty five pounds in Silver Money to me in hand before the delivery here of paid by Oliver Hastings of Charlestown in the County of Cheshire and State of New Hampshire Physician do hereby sell and deliver to the said Oliver Hastings my Negro boy Slave named Anthony about eight years and half of age. To have and to hold the said Negro boy slave to the said Oliver Hastings his Heirs and assigns untill the said Negro boy shall arive to the age of twenty-one years. I the said Jotham White for myself my Heirs executors and administrators do by these presents covenant and engage with the said Oliver Hastings that I am the sole and lawfull owner of the said Negro boy slave and that I will warrant and defend the said Negro boy slave to him the said Oliver Hastings his Heirs and assigns against the lawfull claim and demands of all persons what- soever. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and Seal this Second day of March in the year of our Lord Seventeen Hundred and Ninety, Jotham White. Signed, sealed and ) Delivered in presence of j Amanda Stone, Joel Reed." 10. Hannah, tenth child of Capt. Sylvanus and Jemima Hastings, b. Sept. 11th, 1764 ; d. Nov. 16th, 1817 ; 11. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 1st, 1767, d. the day of her birth ; 12. Phineas, b. Nov. 3d, 1769 ; d. Aug. 23d, 1777 ; 13. Lavinia, b. Aug. 23d, 1771 ; m. Capt. Joseph Parker, March, 1791. Ch. George Parker, m. 2nd, Watson ; one daugh- ter, Margaret ; m. John Watts. Capt. Sylvanus Hastings, whose children and descendants have been given above, was one of the grantees under New-Hampshire, and ■was one of the substantial men of old No. 4, in his time. He was one of the selectmen of the town, in 1766-67 and 72. Charles C. Kimball, Esq., whose wife, Olive Phillips Hastings, is his great grand-daughter, has in his possession, a captain's commission, given him by Governor Wentworth, dated Dec. 26th, 1767. The following letter which was addressed to Captain Hastings, by Col. Josiah Willard over a hun- dred years ago, may be of interest. 398 HASTINGS. Wiuchester, July 15tli, 1773. Sir, I have received orders from the Brigadier General, to give in, the list of the several companies in my regiment. You are accordingly, hereby directed to give in to me, a list of your training soldiers, and alarm men, under your command. And see, that, your men are in some degree, expert in exercise. I have also received orders fiora the governor, strictly forbidding your following the custom of training your company on muster days, I am sir, your humble servant, Josiah Willard. To Capt. Hastings. Mrs. Jemima Hastings died April 14th, 1788 ; and Capt. Hastings, in 1791, m. Mrs. Mary Putnam, the widow of Dea. Ebenezer Putnam. He died Jan. 12th, 1806, (1807, W. H. Bible records), in his 88th year. II. John, jr., son of John and Hannah (White) Hastings, b. in Hatfield, Mass., Nov. 14th, 1722 ; m. in 1762, Mrs. Susanna (daugh- ter of Lieutenant Moses Willard, and widow of Capt. James Johnson) ; b. Feb. 20th, 1729-30. Ch. 1. Betty, b. Jan. 14th, 1763 ; d. 17th Feb. following. 2. John, b. Feb. 19th, 1764 ; d. 16th March following. 3. James, b. June 11th, 1765; d. next day. 4. Waitstill, b. June 15th, 1766 ; d. July 13th, 1768. 5. Theodosia, b. June 23d, 1769 ; m. Stephen Hassam, Sept. 27th, 1787. (See Hassam.) 6. Kandilla, b. Oct. 22nd, 1771 ; d. unmarried, at the age of 22. 7. John, b. July 9th, 1773. The name of John Hastings, jr., is frequently found in connection with business transactions in the proprietors' records. He was one of the selectmen, in 1765 and '70. His wife, in her narrative of her captivity, thus describes him. • " In 1762, I married Mr. John Hastings, my present husband. He was one of the first settlers in Charlestown. I recollect to have seen him, when I visited the place in 1744. He sufiered much by the Indians, and assisted in defending the town during the wars. III. Oliver, son of John and Hannah (White) Hastings, b. in Hatfield, Mass., Nov. 22nd, 1724 ; did not set- tle in Charlestown. IV. Lemuel, son of John and Hannah (White) Hastings, b. in Hatfield, Mass., Feb. 5th, 1727, m. Elizabeth ; maiden name, and date of marriage, not ascertained. Cli. 1. Cynthia, b. Nov. 26th, 1763 ; m. Dr. Jonathan Arnold, of St. Johusbury, Vt. (Published Nov. 21st, 1790.) (See romantic marriage of two HASTINGS — HEALET. 399 Charlestown girls). 2. Joel, b. Sept. 19tb, 1765 ; m. and had children, Eliza, Jane, Mary, Fauuie, Moses, John, George. Mr. H. was drowned at Bellows Falls. Mrs. Hastings was an English woman. 3. Eliza- beth, b. Nov. 10th, 1767. 4. Lemuel, b. Nov, 21st, 1769. 5. Ehoda, b. July 5th, 1772. V. Haunah, (dau. of John and Hannah (White) Hastings), b. July 8th, 1729. VI. Lydia, (dau. of John and Hannah (White) Hastings), b. Aug. 19th, 1732, became the 1st wife o£ Col. William Heywood, Esq. (See Heywood). VII. Mehitable, (dau. of John and Hannah (White) Hastings), b. 1735. Jesse Healey, (son of John and Mary ( Wite) Healey of Dedham, Mass., at first, and afterwards, of Washington, N. H.) settled in Charles- town, where he is supposed to have lived over sixty years. He died June 1st, 1853, in the 84th year of his age. He was one of the Select- men of the town in 1804-05-06-07-08-09. He was intelligent and one of the men whom everybody respects. He is remembered by many of our villagers, who are old enough to remember back twenty-five years or more, as one of the most intimate associates of Rev. Dr. Jaaz- aniah Crosby with whom he used frequently to be seen examining everything that was new in the improvements of the village, in which they both took a great interest. The family are now all gone from town, and the following facts are all that the writer has been able to obtain concerning them : Jesse Healey married, in Charlestown, Mrs. Dolly Sartwell, wid- ow of Capt. Simon Sartwell. Her maiden name was Gleason ; she had five children at the time of her marriage with Mr. Healey, viz. Cynthia, Asa, Fanny, Clarissa and Lucy ; by Mr. Healey she had four. I. , Betsy, b. March 9th, 1793 ; m., Oct. 16th, 1814, Calvin Ely, (son of Isaac H. Ely); she died 1810, leaving four children : Dolly Ann, Han- nah, Isaac and Elizabeth. Isaac died when a child, the others (1875) are still living, (see Calvin Ely); II. Philena, b. Feb. 13th, 1795 ; d. Jan. 1st, 1873, in Painsville, Ohio. She m. Ira Wooley, of New York State, and had two children, both of whom died young ; III. Esther Healey, b. Feb. 14th, 1798 ; m. Albert Morley, of State of New York, Jan. 29th, 1818. In a letter from Mrs. Morley from her home in Painsville, Ohio, she says, " I have been the mother of ten children, eight boys and two girls. My two girls and three of my boys are dead. Five of my boys are living and have families. Jesse H. Morley, lives in Cleveland, Ohio; George W. Morley, in East Saginaw, Micliigan; John R., and Charles H. Morley, live in Fort Scott, Kansas ; and Edward W. Mor- 400 HBARNS — HENRY. ey, lives in Chicago, 111. It -would give me pleasure to meet the old residents of Charlestown, although, the faces would be few that I should recognize. My husband and myself are residing here alone. Our children having all left us, have families of their own to look af- ter. Still our house is frequently filled with children, and grand- children, and a small sprinkling of great-grand-children." IV. Simon Healey, b. Aug. 12th, 1800 ; m. Abby >Vhaley, of Brooklyn, N. Y., Ch. Maria and John, both dead — Simon Healey, d. in St. Louis. Michael Hearns, (son of Daniel and Margaret (Carroll) Hearns) b. in Queen County, Ireland, in 1830 ; m. Nov. 28th, 1857, Winnifred Dolon, (dau. of James and Bridget (Ford) Dolon), b. in County Lei- trim, Ireland, in 1838. Mr. Hearns came to America, in 1853 ; his wife in 1849— They settled in Charlestown in 1860. Ch. I. Daniel, b. April 6th, 1859, d. Aug. 12th, 1865 ; IL James, b. Dec. 8th, 1860 ; d- May 15th, 1861 ; III. John, b. Jan. 7th, 1862; IV. Francis, b. April 5th, 1864 ; d. Sept. 21st, 1865 ; V. Margaret, b. Oct. 23d, 1865 ; VI. Mary Josephine, b. Aug. 13th, 1867 ; VII. Charles Augustus, b. Feb. 1st, 1870 ; VIII. .Michael Henry, b. April 18th, 1872 ; IX. Peter, b. Sept. 27th, 1873 ; X. Catherine, b. Feb. 25th, 1875. Joseph Heaton, came to town about 1810. He d. April 6th, 1853, aged 88 — He was twice married. By his 2nd wife Fanny Bowen, he had the following children. I. Abigail m. Joel Baker, of Medfield, Mass., Oct. 12th, 1817; IL Keziah, d. Feb. 17th, 1868; IIL Nancy, d. Aug. 26th, 1862; IV. Thomas; V. Julia, d. young; VI. Lucy, m. John Kimball. All the children are now dead. Mrs. Fanny Heaton, d. July 12th, 1852, aged 76. Patrick A. Hern, (son of John A., and Mary (Brodrick) Hern, Lim- erick County, Ireland), b. Jan. 20th, 1828 ; m. March 28, 1857, Mary Coffey, (daughter of Thomas and Mary (Morris) Coffey, County Ker- ry, Ireland,) b. Sept. 1838 — Mr. Hern came to America, 1847, settled in Charlestown, 1849. Ch. I. Mary, b. Feb. 20th, 1858 ; II. Thomas P., b. Jan. 20th, 1873. William Henry, born in Lunenburg, Mass., (The home of others of the same name) married Mary Harper of that place Dec. 6th, 1753, and very soon after removed to Charlestown, where they spent the re- mainder of their lives. Mr. Henry, died Nov. 15th, 1807; Mrs. Henry, Sept. 14th, 1818. Ch. all born in Charlestown. I. David, d. in Chester, Vt.; II. Robert B. Henry, m. Sarah, surname not recollect- ed. Ch. 1. Abigail B., b. Oct. 5th, 1785; 2. George, b. Aug. 6th, 1790 ; 3. Robert, b. July 18th, 1792 ; 4. Lewis, b. Nov. 25th, 1794 ; 5. HENRY — HETWOOD. 401 Lucretia, b. Feb. 15th, 1797 ; 6. Francis, b. March 7th, 1799 ; 7. Thomas J., b. Feb. 10th, 1801 ; 8. Sophia C, b. Oct. 6th, 1805; III. "William jr., in. August 30th, 178 i, Polly Holden, daughter of Wil- liam and Annes (Nutting) Holden. Ch. 1. Harriet, b. Oct. loth, 1785 ; m. William "Williams, of Troy, N. Y., 2. William, b. March 22nd, 1788 ; m. Fanny Goodhue, of Chester, "Vt ; 3. Theodosia, b. Oct. 10th, 1789 ; m. John Gill, New York. 4. James, b. March 12th, 1791 ; m. Sally Earle, of Chester, Vt. 6. Polly, ra. Thomas Robinson, of Ches- ter, Vt. 6. Anna, m. Thomas F. Hammond, of West Windsor, Vt., 7. Elthera, m. Enos Lovell, Jr. of Chester, Vt.; IV. Harper, d. in Charlestown; V. Hugh, m. Mary Dodge, d. in Chester, Vt; Ch. 1. Mary H., m. William Walker, of Guilford, Vt.; 2. Elizabeth, m. Big- elow, of Burlington, Vt. 3. Hugh, m. Sarah Henry, of Charlestown. VI. Jonathan Henry, d. in Chester, Vermont. VII. Samuel, b. May, 1775 ; m. Sarah Cooley, (dau of Joel and Sa- rah Cooley, April, 1800. Samuel Henry, d. at Charlestown, July 1st, 1838 ; Mrs. Henry, at Chester, Vt., Dec. 17th, 1867, and was buried at Charlestown. Ch. 1. Fredric A., b. June 12th, 1801 ; m. Adaline Buckman, of Claremont, N. H. 2. Edwin, b. June 26th, 1803; m. Sarah Newton, at Middletown, Conn., d. Jan. 2nd, 1836; 3. Oscar, b. June 29th, 1805 ; m. Harriet Davis, Royalton, Vt. 4. Charles Jones, b. Feb. 21st, 1807 ; d. unmarried. May 25th, 1839, at Charlestown. 5. Gilman, b. Nov. 3d, 1809 ; m. Martha Dana, Woodstock, Vt. 6. Sarah, b. July 7th, 1812; m. Hugh H. Henry, Chester, Vt. 7. Eve- line, b. May 1st, 1815 ; m. Smith K. Randall, Springfield, Vt. 7. So- phia, b. July 17th, 1817 ; m. Willard M. Howard, Chester, Vt. 8. George Oel, b. July 17th, 1820 ; m. Frances A. Howard, of Lunen- burg, Mass. VIII. John, settled in Rockingham, Vt. Col. William Heywood. William Heywood, son of Eleazer and Azubah Heywood, was born in Rutland, Mass., July 28th, 1728. He had one sister, and one broth- er ; Azubah, born Nov. 25th, 1730 ; and Samuel, Feb. 16th, 1733. His parents were originally from Concord, Mass., where his ancestors settled as early as 1650 ; by whom he was connected both with the Willard and Stevens families. It appears that he was a cousin of Captain Phineas Stevens, who must have known him from childhood, which may account for the confidence which Capt. Stevens was accus- tomed to place in him and the great intimacy which existed between them. 402 HEYWOOD. Both the father and mother of William Heywood having died be- fore he was eighteen years of age, he was left to himself to do as he pleased, the first result of which was that he left his native place, and engaged himself to work for Captain Thomas Buckminster, of Brook- field, for five months. This engagement fulfilled, and the work being not very agreeable on which he had been employed, he determined in- stead of continuing in it longer, to enter the Provincial Service and become a soldier. He, therefore on the 26th, of July 1746, enlisted himself in a company which was ordered for service to the Connecticut River, and which was under the command of Captain Eliphlet Leonard of Easton ; four of his townsmen also enlisting in the same company. In a journal which he kept, and which is now before the writer, he says, " The 27th, being Lord's day, I went to meeting, and heard two very good sermons, and some good counsel. Tiie 28th, the forenoon we spent merrily ; The afternoon we set out for our journey — Came to Olmsteads, where we lodged in a barn — pretty hard for the first night, I not being acquainted with such business." The next day he went to Hadley — thence to Deerfield the day after, " and took " he says "our lodging where we could find it." From Deerfield he went to Northfield, Hinsdell's fort, and Fort Dummer. From which latter place his company marched to Great Meadow, (Putney) where they found Capt. Phiueas Stevens with sixty men, guarding the people, while they were reaping and gathering their crops — They tarried at Great Meadow three days, and on the 8th of Aug, they all set out for No. 4, on reaching which, they found that the Indians had made gen- eral destruction of most of the cattle, horses and hogs of the settlement on the Sabbath previous. His company left on the 10th, as also did that of Capt. How, which had accompanied them there. But Heywood for some cause remain- ed behind and did not leave till the 21st. If any would like to know his first impression of the place in which he afterwards became a greatly beloved and distinguished citizen, they have only to read the following passage from his Journal, " Our daily work was to pound samp, which was all we had to live on, with fat pork. This was hard fare. The soldiers in general had a turn of the fever and bloody flux. One, Whitney, belonging to Brown's troop, died the day I left the place. The 21st I left No. 4 in the evening without the least sorrow — travelled to great meadow 20 in company." From No. 4 his company went to Bridgman's Fort, where they were stationed as guards to the people, while engaged in their haying and harvesting. HEYWOOD. 403 Nov. 20tli, his time of enlistment having expired, he was dismissed from the service, but on the 22nd was hired again by Nathan Wether- ill, and after a brief furlough, during which he visited home, he return- ed to Bridgman's Fort, where he continued to be stationed till the 21st of February, 1747, after wliich he was engaged in more active service, as the following extract from his Journal will show, " (The 21st) ten of . us being ordered to Colraine, to Morrison's Fort, we left Bridgman's and travelled to Sheldon's in Fall-town, and there lodged. The 22nd, trav- elled to old Clark's Fort, in Colraine. The 23d we arrived at Morri- son's Fort, &c. March 1st we were moved five to Shirley and five to Pelham Fort. The 10th we returned to Morrison's Fort again. April 7th we came to Bridgman's again. The 30th, the Fort being flung up, we took our leave of it — guarded him (that is Mr. Bridgman) ofi" with his substance, to Deerfield, the next day to Hatfield where we left him. May the 2nd we came back to Sheldon's Fort, where I abode. The 18th went to Morrison's where I staid till June the 24th, and then returned to Sheldon's again, Oct. the 14th I went home on a furlough — return- ed the 31st to said Fort again. Nov. 10th, nine of us being ordered to No. 4, we set out and came to Fort Dummer ; the 11th to No. 2. The 12th we arrived at No. 4. The 14th, before sunrise, there were two men killed, one taken, one wounded by the Indians, &c." This extract illustrates not only the life which was led by the subject of this memoir, but equally the life of a soldier in those times. It also discloses something of the intercommunication which was constantly kept up by the garrisons of the forts of the Massachusetts cordon for their mutual protection and defense. On the 1st of March 1748, Captains Phineas Stevens and Humphrey Hobbs, having had orders from the authorities of the Province of Massa- chusetts for enlisting a hundred men, Heywood enlisted under Capt. Stevens, of whose company he became clerk. Hobbs arrived, with his company at No. 4, on the 15th of April. In the same company with Heywood were also Ebenezer Putnam, Benjamin Allen, Obadlah Sart- well, James Porter, James Porter, jr., William Porter and John Saw- yer, all settlers of No. 4, and in Capt. Hobb's company Lieut. Isaac Parker and Sergeants Moses Willard and Moses Wheeler, Aaron Hos- mer. Cent., and James Farnsworth, Private. On the 15th of May Captains Stevens and Hobbs, in connection with Capt. Melviu, (see p. 41) started out on a scouting expedition, as Heywooil, in his Journal, expressed it, " To catch Indians." Stevens and Hobbs had sixty men. lu the same journal is contained a minute account of all their march- 404 HBYWOOD. es, and of all they did from day to day. But as all that is essentially connected with the history of Charlestown is embraced in another por- tion of this work, it is not important to dwell any further upon partic- ulars here of this expedition, or other service performed by these com- panies. Dec. 12th, 1748, Mr. Heywood connected himself with No. 4, as a citizen, by purchasing a proprietors' right, and from this time forward became connected with nearly every military organization for the de- fense of the place. Mr. Heywood seems to have enjoyed theconfidenceofCapt. Stevens, also of the proprietors and citizens of No. 4, to a remarkable degree. As evidence of this confidence on the part of his superior officer, we find him selecting the young soldier, as a suitable person to live with, and take charge of his family, in times when the demands of his posi- tion, rendered it necessary that he should be absent. He was also em- ployed by him to make out his muster rolls. The confidence reposed in him by his fellow citizens will be hereafter shown. On the 16th of June, orders came to No. 4, for the dismission of all the soldiers but fifteen, which was carried into efiect the next day. Heywood in his Journal says, " The 18th, I kept fort. The 19th, the Captain and all the men went off, but nine. The 20th, about 3 o'clock, the Indians fired on Ensign Sartwell and Enos Stevens, as they were harrowing corn ; killed Sartwell, and took Enos and killed the horse. We instantly fired two alarms with small arms and fired the great gun to alarm James Porter, Lieut. Willard, and two sons, who were at work iu the meadow. They heard the guns and took off to Fort Dum- mer. (See account in Historical Narrative, page 50). About two hours after. Doctor (Bildad) Audross, came here from Northfield, and staid till dark, and then he and_ I set off to carry (the) news. The next day, we got to Fort Dummer about 9 o'clock in the morning — found the runaways there; and then I set out for Northfield. About half a mile from Hinsdell's Fort, we heard a gun, supposed to be shot by the Indians. We turned back to Fort Dummer, and John Alex- ander went off post. We tarried till evening and then went to' North- field. The 22ud, Capt. Stevens came from Deerfield and went to Fort Dummer. The 23d went to No. 4. The 24th, scouted around. The 25th, the men that came with us returned — we kept fort &c. The 30th, kept a fast and had preaching. July 1st, 1749, to the 6th, kept fort. Our centrys at two different times, said they saw Indians. A scout of eighteen men came to the fort. The 7th, I warded and HEYWOOD. 405 watched. The 8th, Col. (Josiah) Willard came up with a large scout. The 9th, the Colonel and scout went off. The 10th, the Captain made officers. The 11th, worked at haying. The 12th, kept fort. The 13th and 14th, drawed wood. The 15th, drawed poles for a turnip yard — Sunday 16th, attended meeting. The 17th, set out with nineteen men and the widow Sartwell — went to the falls, carried by our loading and hauled by our canoes — set out again — arrived at Fort Dummer about day. The 18th, went to Northfield. The 19th, Capt. Stevens Avent to Deerfield, I staid at Northfield. The 20th, I hired a horse and sent Morse to Deerfield with bag and baggage. The 21st had alarm of Indians — went out after them — made no discovery." If variety be the spice of life, one will feel in reading this extract, that the life of the young soldier must have been very spicy. But this is only an illustration of the ever changing vicissitudes of the life of those who were engaged in the Provincial service at No. 4, and the forts of the Massachusetts Cordon at that day. It was no idle, loung- ing life which they led, but was as active and diversified as the most excitable and change-loving disposition could desire. But notwith- standing its great hardships, the soldiers become very much attached to it, and to each other, as will be evident from the following addition- al extract from his journal. Oct. 14th, 1749, he says — " Lieutenant (Isaac) Parker came up at night, with orders to dismiss twenty-four men — S inday the 16th. The 16th, the men dismissed — rained — three went off, the rest staid. The 17th, the men went ofi" with heavy hearts and wet eyes. The 18th, Lt. Parker went oflf in sorrow." They had gone together through the sternest scenes, but their hearts melted at parting. As the treaty of peace was the reason for their dismission, they had little expectation of meeting each other agaiu. The number in the fort was now reduced to fourteen, of whom Heywood was one. Lieut. Parker soon returned again, to make No 4, and Charlestown his home, and to become one of its principal citizens. Heywood con- tinued in the company which guarded the fort during the winter, and became a member of Capt. Phineas Stevens company, organized the 21st of June, 1750. In Jan. 1751, Capt. Stevens having been com- missioned to go to Quebec, by Gov. Shirley, to obtain the releaseof prisoners, still held there, Heywood and James Farnsworth were se- lected to accompany him on his expedition. They started from Al- bany the last part of January and got back to Deerfield on the 28th of March, from which place Stevens went directly to Boston with the released captives, while Heywood returned to his post at No. 4. It is 406 HEYWOOD. a tradition iu the Hey wood family which is probably founded in truth, that Heywood was selected a second time, at a different season of the year, to attend his captain who was commissioned on a similar errand. During the time of the nominal peace, Heywood appears to have been one of the small number still retained at the fort — and on the re- newal of hostilities was among the most active of those enlisted in its defense. It is a tradition in the family says his grandson, Hon. Wil- liam Heywood, of Lancaster, N. H., "That in this war he was much em- ployed in warding the fort, and in expeditions for the protection of the inhabitants." He was also at the taking of Ticonderoga, in 1759, the surrender of which caused great rejoicing through New England, especially on the Connecticut River frontier. After the organization of Charlestown under New-Hampshire, Mr. Heywood's name appears in the town records for the first time in 1756 ; in which year he was elected the third selectman, from which time he appears to have beeii kept by his fellow citizens in some important ofiicial position. He was thirty-eight times one of the selectmen — viz. twenty-four times the first — ten times the second — four times the third. He was elected town clerk in 1762 and held the office every year with the exception of 1788, (when it was held by Elijah Grout), till the time of his death iu 1803, making in all forty years. He was five years town treasurer. In 1775, he was delegate to the Provincial Congress, at Exeter and also representative in 1778 and '79. To these offices it may be added, that he did much business as a Justice of the Peace, and that in the church also of which he was one of the ten males who helped to con- stitute it at the ordination of Rev. Bulkley Olcott in 1761, he was al- ways an exemplary and influential member. In the time of the Revolution, his patriotism was undoubted. He was Major of Col. Bellows' Regiment that marched for the defense of Ticonderoga, just before it was evacuated by the American forces on the 6th of July, 1777. He was also Major in Col. David Hobart's Regiment which was in the hottest part of the battle, under Gen. Stark, at Bennington, and continued in the army till after the surren- der of Burgoyne. He afterwards accepted the office of colonel of a regiment under Vermont, and I think of a like office from New- Hampshire. In addition to the foregoing facts relating to Colonel Heywood it - may be proper to say that he was for many years Proprietors' Clerk, succeeding Dr. John Hastings in that office He was also, for some time, the principal surveyor in this region ; an interesting fact in connection HEYWOOD. 407 ■with which is, that he procured a book and learned surveying without a teacher, and that he learned it well we have sufficient evidence in the plan of the Town Plot drawn by him, and which, through the instru- mentality of George Olcott, jr., Esq, has been handsomely framed and placed in the Town Hall for the benefit of any of our citizens who may take interest in it. Of the 2nd wife of Colonel William Heywood a grandson, Hon. William Heywood, of Lancaster, N. H., thus speaks, "His second wife was Joanna Wetherbe, from Lunenburg, Mass. She lived in my fa- ther's (William Heywood's) family from the death of her husband, and died in December, 1831. She was a lady, it seems to me, without a fault." Colonel Heywood died Feb. 4, 1803, leaving a character without re- proach, and an example of fidelity worthy to be followed by all our cit- izens in all the relationships of life. Col. William Heywood was twice married, 1st, to Lydia, (dau. of Dr. John and Hannah (White) Hastings) b., in Hatfield, Mass., Aug. 19th, 1732 ; 2nd, December 19th, 1763, to Joanna, (dau. of Captain Ephraim and Joanna (Bellows) Wetherbe) b., in Lunenburg, Mass. Ch., by 1st marriage, L Azubah, b. Nov. 21st, 1753; m., March 7th, 1776, Phineas Pearl. Ch. 1. Warren, d. July, 1777 ; 2. Patty, b. May 23d, 1778 ; H. Eleazer, b. May 8th, 1755 ; m. Dorcas Whitaker, of Killingly, Conn, about 1790 and had the following children : 1. Rebecca, d. at two years of age ; 2. William, m. and lives in Wayne Co., Michigan ; 3. Mary, m. James W. Bradley and died, in Clare- mont, 1873 ; 4. Willard, b. in Hartland, Jan. 12th, 1796 ; m., Jan. 2nd, 1832, Emily Baldwin, of Strafford, Vt., dau. of Dr. Eleazer Baldwin, and settled in Windsor ; has had nine children ; eight now living (1) Emily ; (2) Lucia ; (3) Mary Francis ; (4) Eleanor Baldwin ; (see Stebbins); (5) William Henry ; (6) Frederick ; (7) Bradley ; (8) Jennie; (9) Eda Josephine ; 5 Ira, died in the family of Rev. Dr. Em- mons, Franklin, Mass ; 6 Lydia ; 7. Horace ; 8. Eleazer. Elea- zer, sen. was in the battle of Monmouth, and was in the expedition to the Genesee Country, under General Sullivan ; III. Lydia, b. Jan. 18th, 1757 ; never married. Children of Col. AVilliara Heywood, by 2nd marriage : IV. Lucinda, b. Oct. 11th, 1764 ; m., Feb. 21st, 1787, Amasa Grout, (see Grout) ; V. William, b. Dec. 21st, 1766 ; VI. Fan- ny, b. June 20th, 1769 ; m. Jan. 25th, 1795, Dr. Daniel Egery, of Lan- caster; VII. Mary, b. Jail. 22nd, 1772 ; d. unmarried ; VIII. Elisha, b. June 15th, 1774 ; d. in early life; IX. Persis, b. Aug. 30th, 1777 ; 408 HEYWOOD. d. in advanced life, unmarried; X. Prudence, b Feb. 15th, 1780; m. late in life, Rev. Samuel Goddard, of Norwich, Vt.; XI. Orange, b. Oct. 25th, 1783 ; d., unmarried, about 1860 ; XII. Gustavus, b. Apr. 3d, 1786 ; m., and removed to Michigan ; supposed (Apr. 1875) to be still living. Calvin Heywood, b. in Acton, Mass. June 18th, 1764; m., when 27 years of age, Rebecca Taylor, of Stow, who was 19 the day she was married. In 1804 he removed to Charlestown (No. 4), and bought of Ebeuezer Corbin sixty acres of land, mostly woodland. There was a log house upon the land containing a kitchen and bed room. His fam- ily at that time consisted of himself, and wife and five children, three boys and two girls. Soon after arriving in Charlestown he was taken sick and disabled from business for several moutlis but much to the credit of his neighbors they not only did what they could to take care of him in his sickness but also carried ou his land till he was able to attend to it himself. He ever afterwards had good health. He had ten children, all but one of whom grew up to manhood and woman- bood, and were married. Mrs. Heywood died of dropsy in her 66th year. He died, in Bristol, Vt., Oct. 15th, 1858, in his 95th year with no apparent disease. Ch. of Calvin and Rebecca Heywood, I. Reuben, d. in Stoneham, Mass. Apr. 19, 1876. He was 84 years old, Sept. 1st 1875; has five children, Sarah, Martha, Silas, Augusta and Hannah ; II. Elizabeth, m. Davis Lufkin, of Acworth ;d. in Bristol, Vt.; III. Simeon, m. Mary B. Wil- lard, of Charlestown and now lives in Claremont (see Willard); IV. Susan, m. Alva Bush ; lives in Bristol. Vt.; V. Levi, b. May 5th, 1802, in Acton, Mass.; ni., Sept. 25th, 1824, Emily W. Putnam, (dau. of Thomas, jr. and Polly (Young) Putnam, b. Dec. 22nd, 1802. Ch. 1. Rebecca, b. Feb. 15th, 1825 ; m. Paul Cummings, (see Cummings), d, in 1860. 2. Squire, b. June 30th, 1826 ; d. young. 3. George W., b. Nov. 15th, 1827 ; m. March 27th, 1855, Ellen A. Johnson, (dau. of Josiah and Lorena (Stone) Johnson) b. in Wayland, Mass., May 30th, 1830. Ch. (1; Addison Herbert, b. Oct. 5th, 1855. (2) Carrie E., b. March 29, 1859 ; d. Apr. 25th, 1860. (3) Cora B., b. Jan. 9th, 1860. (4) George E., b. May 4th, 1862 ; 4. Mary J., b. Aug. 8th, 1829 ; m. 1st, Franklin Sawyer — had two children. (1) Nellie J. (2) Lizzie — died about 1868. Mr. Sawder d. in jaffrey, N. H., in 1866. His widow m. 2ud, Col. William Leborbeaw. 5. Richard, b. Oct. 8th, 1831— in the Asylum at Concord. 6. Addison T., b. Oct. 15th, 1833 ; d. March 20th, 1850. 7. Emily S., b. Feb. 24th, 1835 ; m. George H. HEYWOOD — HOADLET. 409 Pratt, and d. in Charlestown, 1860. One child which with her husband is now dead. 8. Martha, b. May 24th, 1839 ; d. in childhood. 9. Julia A., b. Apr. 24th, 1842 ; m. S. S. Prouty ; one child, Arthur H. VI. Eraeline, m. Richard Jacobs, and lives in Bristol, Vt. VII. Rufus, b. Oct. 13th, 1807 ; m. in Sharon, Jan. 25th, 1847, Sybil B. Milliken, (dau. of William and Anna (Carlton) Milliken) b. in Sharon, Jan. 20th, 1819. Ch. 1. Anna R., b. Dec. 24th, 1847 ; m. Feb. 17th, 1873, William W. Bridges, "of Athens, Vt., where she now resides ; one child, Alta May, b. March 16th, 1874. 2. Albert, b. Feb. 9th, 1849. 3. Addie F., b. Jan. 8th, 1857. VIII. Louisa, m. Evans, and removed to the west and died. IX. Marthh, m. Jonathan R. Severns and lives in Clinton, Mich.; has three children, Hortense, Lo- raine and Josephine. X. Submit, d. uumarried in Bristol, Vt., Apr, 18th, 1865. Simeon Heywood, b. Feb. 29th, 1796 ; m. Jan. 1st, 1827, Mary B. Willard (dau. <>f Marcian and Mary (Baker) Willard) b. Sept. 2nd, 1797. d. Aug. 21, 1861. Ch. I. Henry Willard, b. Dec. 20th, 1828 ; d. June 15th, 1852. II. George Boutwell, b. June 17th, 1841— has held the oflBce of Deputy Collector, of Internal Revenue, in city of New York. Simeon Heywood was b. in Acton, Mass., was a shoe maker — went into trade for a time in Charlestown, N. H., removed to Lunen- burg, Mass., — was in mercantile pursuits and became postmaster and town treasurer — removed to Claremont, N. H., in 1835. Jesse Hill, m. Dolly ; Ch. I. Oliver, b. in Charlestown, Oct. 17th, 1789 ; m. May 6th, 1818, Hannah Pierce, b. in Rockingham, Vt., Dec. 4th, 1792. Ch. 1. Harriet, b. June 28th, 1819 ; 2. Ephraim, b. Dec. 25th, 1821 ; m. Sept. 22nd, 1858, Roby Jane Sherman ; Ch. (1) George Levi, b. Oct. 12th, 1860; (2) Frank Henry, b. June 26th, 1862; (3) Fred Grant, b. Aug. 17th, 1866; (4) Juliett, b. Aug. 1st, 1873; 3. Harvey P. b. Aug. 3d, 1823 ; 4. George, b. Oct. 18th, 1825; 5. Oliver, jr., b. July 10th, 1829 ; 6. B. Franklin, b. Sept. 17th, 1831. n. Ephraim, b. March 26th, 1792. III. Patty, b. May 21st, 1795. Heney H. Hoadley, b. in Langdon, N. H.; m. in 1829, Mary B. Mack, (dau. of Jonathan L., and Rebecca (Richardson) Mack). (See Mack). Ch. I and II. Mary A., and Merindia A., twins, b. in Charlestown, Nov. 15th, 1830. Mary A., d. unmarried. Merindia A., m. John H. White, of Boston, Mass., soldier in the War of The Re- bellion, and now (1875), an inspector in the Custom House. One child, Jauie A. III. Jane A. b. in Charlestown, Sept. 18th, 1838 ; 410 HOBART — HOLDBN. m. in 1851, William Moody, jr., of Boston— one child, d. young. Mr. Moody d. 1856. Henry H. Hoadley moved from Charlestown to Wal- pole, where they had two children born. I. Fred B., b. Feb. 15th, 1836 ; m. Mrs. Hattie Williams, of Alstead, N. H.; resides in Clinton, Mass., — no children. He is a painter by trade. II. George W., b. Feb. 7th, 1839 ; m. Louisa Dunshee, of Walpole, N. H. He is Engin- eer for the Hope Mills, at Keene, K H.; no children. William C. Hobart, (son of Josiah and Ann (Noyse) Hobart, of Madison, Ohio) b. Sept. 28th, 1831 ; m. 1st, Emily Huntoon, of Unity, who died leaving one child, Frank who died young; m. 2nd, June 17th, 1868, Mrs.llelen M. Spencer, (dau. of Harry and Polly (Cram) Bingham, of Unity) b. July 5th, 1831. Mrs. Hobart had one child by her 1st husband, Arthur Spencer, b. Feb. 8th, 1853 — who m. Rosie Allen, dau. of Newton Allen, of Charlestown. Mr. Hobart came from Unity to C. in 1870. LuMAN P. HoDGMAN (son of Gardner Hodgman) b. Dec. 18th, 1839 ; m. Sept. 22nd, 1863, Ellen M. Peaseley, b. Apr. 29th, 1839. Ch. I. Josephine, b. Apr. 2nd, 1864 ; II. Katie, b. June 5th, 1868 ; III. Freddie A., b.-Aug. 9th, 1872; IV. Bessie J., b. March 29th, 1875. Isaac Holden, was a proprietor of No. 4, under New-Hampshire. He was probably the sou of Nathaniel Holden and his wife. Abigail Stone, of Groton, Mass., and was b. Nov. 19th, 1723. Capt. William Holden and Annes Nutting, m. in Groton, Mass., May 10th, 1747. Ch. I. Annes, b. Aug. 27th, 1748 ; d. May 28th, 1749.' II. Annes, b. Nov. 16th, 1749; d. same day. III. Wil- liam, b. Aug. 1st, 1751 ; d. Feb. 14th, 1755. IV. Nathaniel, b. Aug. 15th, 1753. V. Annes, b. in Charlestown, N. H., July 6th, 1758 ; m. Joseph Wilson. VI. Polly, b. in C, Feb. 15th, 1763 ; m. William Henry, jr., Aug. 30th, 1784. VII. William, b. Oct. 29th, 1764. Capt. William Holden was an officer in Colonel Timothy Bedell's regiment, which was raised in Nov. 1777, and discharged in March 1778. This regiment was on duty upon the upper Connecticut river frontier, for service as occasion might require. Richard Holden m. Dolly , surname unknown ; she d. Feb. 9th, 1805, aged 67. Ch. I. Dolly, b. Dec. 21st, 1761. II. Amy, b. Feb. 7th, 1764. III. Rebecca, b. Oct. 20th, 1765 ; m. Levi Putnam, March 29th, 1784. IV. Edmund, b. Oct. 23d, 1767. V. Louisa, b. Dec. 18th, 1769 ; m. Reuben Nott, Feb. 7th, 1788. VI. Timothy — time of birth unknown ; m. 1st, Hannah Glidden, HOLDEN — HOLTON. 411 who died July 11th, 1800, aged 30. The following is on the stone erected to her memory. A kind wife a friend sincere, A mother of five is buried here. m. 2nd, Mary Page, who d. March 22nd, 1816 ; m. 3d, Humph- rey (living July 16th, 1874). Ch. by 1st wife. 1. Phena, b. Jan. 19th, 1791. 2. John Temple, b. Jan. 17th, 1793 ; m. Abigail Putnam, daughter of Thomas Putnam. Ch. (1) John Temple, b. Feb. 9th, 1818; m. July 13th, 1842, Louisa Coleman (dau. of Stephen G. Cole- man, and Lydia Bailey) b. July 25th, 1825. Ch. [1] Caroline E., b. Nov. 7th, 1843; m. Alvin D. Howe— and lives in C. [2] Stephen Lewis, b. Sept. 28th, 1845 ; m. Dec. 23d, 1874, Lizzie E. Hayward (dau. of Joseph and Patty G. (Slader) Hayward) b. in Acworth, Aug. 30th, 1853. (See Soldiers in War of Rebellion.) [3] John Temple, b. July 13th, 1847. [4] Mary Louisa, b. Aug. 17th, 1849 ; m. James A. Hunt. (See Hunt). [5] Frank Herbert, b. Feb. 5th, 1852. [6] Eichard Norman, b. Jan. 20th, 1855. (3) Abigail, (dau. of Timothy and Hannah (Glidden) Holden) b. Jan. 4th, 1795. (4) Lewis, b. Jan. 1st, 1797 ; d. Dec. 11th, 1814. (5) Clotilda, b. Aug 1st, 1798 ; d. Sept. 9th, 1802 ; Ch. by 2nd wife. (6) Richard. (7) Sarah. (8) Car- oline. (9) Willard G., d. Feb. 23d, 1829, aged 19. Ch. by 3d wife. (10) Timothy. (11) Louisa. Timothy Holden whose descendants are above given, was one of the selectmen in C, in 1798-99 and in 1801-2 and 3. William M. Holden, (son of Abel and Mary (Stearns) Holden) b. Nov. 8th, 1832, in Winchendon, Mass.; m. Jan. 31st, 1857, Nancy T. Rumrill (dau. of Samuel and Polly (Taylor) Rumrill) b. in Spring- field, Vt., Jan. 9th, 1831— settled in C, Dec. 12th, 1872. Ch. L Chalrles Milton, b. in Springfield, Vt., Apr. 30th, 1859. II. Frederick William, b. Apr. 26th, 1861. III. Melvin Francis, b. Jan. 27th, 1863. IV. Everett Taylor, b. Oct. 27th, 1865. V. Mary Augusta, b. in Westmoreland, N. H., May 21st, 1868. VI. Alice Maria, b. in Charlestown, Sept. 6th, 1874. Jonathan Holton, the earliest settler of the name of Holton in Charlestown, was descended from William Holton, who was born in England in 1611, and came to this country in the ship " Francis " from Ipswich, in 1634. He became one of the original proprietors of Hart- ford, Ct. but removed from that place to Northampton in 1663, where he was elected a deacon of the church. He represented Northampton five years in the General Court and Hadley one year, viz. the year 1669. 412 HOLTON. He subsequently settled in Northfield, as will be seen by the following vote of the Proprietors at a meeting held Apr. 11th, 1688 : " It was voted and agreed by the proprietors of Northfield to give to each of our honored Committee, Mr. AVilliam Clark, Dea. William Holton, Sergt. John King and Ensign Preserved Clapp, five acres of interval land in the Three Little Meadows without paying any purchase money ; and it is to lie clear of any town charges whatsoever." This land was not a present but was apportioned to them as an honorary testimonial of the value of their services, on conditions far more advantageous than were conceded to the proprietors in general. He died in Northfield Aug. 12th, 1691. William and Mary Holton, (maiden name of the wife unascertained) had a family of seven children, all born either in Hartford or North- ampton, of whom Mary and Sarah were both married the same day, viz. Nov. 18th, 1656 ; the former to David Burt ; the latter to John King, which were the first two marriages solemnized in Northampton. The eldest child of William Holton was John who died Apr. 26th 1712. He married Abigail , who survived him, but of whose death we have no record. By this marriage there were seven children, from the youngest of whom, Thomas, the line of descent of the Holtons of Charlestown, is to be traced. His death is described by Hon. Geo. Sheldon, in his History of Northfield, (page 195) as follows : " Aug. 13th, while the men were scattered in their grain-fields, Gray Lock with a party of four Indians waylaid and killed two of our leading citizens, viz. Thomas Holton aged 42, and Theojphilus Merrimaa, aged 31. The circumstances of the killing were not recorded and cannot now be ascer- tained. Taking their scalps the Indians pressed on to Rutland, where the next day they attacked Dea. Joseph Stevens and four of his sons as they were making hay in the meadow." (See Captain Phineas Stevens.) He was b. Oct. 23d, 1681. He married Mindwell Allen, (dau. of Sam- uel Allen, of Northampton) who m., 2nd, 1726, Daniel Chapin, and d. Oct. 21st, 1758. They had five children, of whom Joshua, b. about 1703, was the eldest. He, as his father had been before him, was killed by the Indians. He had been sent to Boston to receive the money due to Northfield families for billeting Maj. Hartwell and his men the preced- ing winter, and had obtained the money and was returning, when, on the 26th of April, 1746, he was waylaid between Lunenburg and North- field by a party of Indians, supposed to have been the same who had just previously visited Upper Ashuelot, who killed and scalped him and made ofi" with his money, (see His. Northfield, pp. 243 and 371. Josh- HOLTON. 413 ua and Mary Holton had three children, Ebenezer, Jonathan and Joshua. Jonathan Holton m. Hannah Oleott, youngest child of Timothy Olcott, of Bolton, Ct, baptized April 19th, 1747. He lived first, after he was married, in Chester, Vt — second, in Rockingham, where he re- mained a few years, when, about the year 1786 he took up his perma- nent residence in Charlestown. Mr. Holton was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, but for how long a period has not been ascertained. This much however is known, that he was at the battle of Bennington, under General Stark, where he was wounded, and marched once if not twice to the defense of Ticonderoga. In Charlestown he pursued the occupation of farming and was also Deputy Sheriff and Jail-Keeper. Capt. Jonathan and Hannah (Olcott) Holton had the following chil- dren : I. Simeon, who m. a Miss Abbe, of Rockingham ; removed to the State of New York ; II. Bela, m. Patty Olcott, of Rockingham, Vt. and settled in Lyndon, Vt.; III. Jonathan, m. Betsy Baldwin, of Charlestown, and removed to Rochester, N. Y., where he d.; IV. Adol- phus, m. Almira Hibbard, of Concord, Vt. and removed to that place ; V. Bulkley, m. July 25th, 1798, Betsy Judevine and, for a time, settled in Charlestown when he removed to Thetford, Vt. VI. David, m. July 2nd, 1809, Betsy Pope, of Concord, Vt. and set- tled, in 1810, in Charlestown. Mrs. H. d, Sept. 24th, 1854, aged 67. The following obituary notice of Mr. Holton was published soon after his decease, Feb. 1st, 1873: " David Holton was born in Rockingham, Vt., 1781, from which place he removed with his father's family to Charlestown in 1786, where, with exception of a few years during his early manhood, he resided during life. He was an active and successful business man during the working years of his manhood, and attended to the management of his financial affairs untU a short time previous to his death. Before the formation of Sullivan County he was Jailor in Charlestown, and also served as Deputy Sheriff, and occupied other places of public trust, in a:ll of Which he acquired a reputation for strict integrity. He was a reliable citizen, an affectionate kinsman, a true friend and kind neighbor; and .all who knew him will remember his cordial grasp and genial manners, and cherish his memory as that of a good man gone before.'' Ch. of David and Betsy (Pope) Holton. 1. Fanny M., b. Aug. 28th, 1810 ; m., 1st, Dec. 24th, 1832, Dr. Simeon D. Colburu. Ch. (1) Eliz- abeth, b. March 23d, 1835 ; (2) Joseph Warren, b. Nov. 5th, 1836 ; (3) Charles M., b. July 2nd,' 1841 ; (4) Fanny Sophia, b. March 3d, 414 HOLTON — HOOPER. 1852 , m., 2nd, Olcott Holton; 2. Sophia W., b. March 14th, 1812; m. June 23d, 1831, Col. Levi Green and settled in Portland, Me. Ch. (1) Martha, b. Aug. 27th, 1832 ; (2) Ellen S., b.Sept. 1838 ; (3) Da- vid; 3. David, jr., b. Sept, 6th, 1814; m., Oct. 17th, 1849, Emeline L. Browne, of Hinsdale, N. H., and settled in Charlestown, Ch. (1) George D., b. May 24th, 1851; graduated as a Bachelor of Science at Dartmouth College in 1873, and is in business in Chicago, 111.; (2) Emma B., b. Apr. 20th, 1855 ; d. June 24th, 1872 ; (3) Willie B., b. June 25th, 1860. David Holton, jr. d. March 30th, 1865. 4. Charles D., b. March 26th, 1820 ; m., Dec. 21st, 1848, Esther A. Tenney,.b. at Hanover, N. H., Dec. 12th, 1826. Ch. (1) Clarence E., b. Oct. 19th, 1849 ; (2) Frederick G., b. Nov. 26th, 1852 ; both born at Hanover. Mr. Charles D. Holton resides at Atco, N. J. VII. Asa Holton (son of Jonathan and Hannah (Olcott) Holton) b. at Charlestown, Nov., 1786 ; m., Oct., 1818, Orra Evarts, b. at Claremont, April 12th, 1799 ; settled in Claremont; d. Mar. 4th, 1841. Ch. 1. George, b. Feb. 14th, 1820; 2. Mary Ann, b. Nov. 23d, 1821 ; has resided in Warrenton, N. C. twenty years; 3. James Evarts, b. July 24th, 1823; m. Mary Gray, in N. Y., Nov. 3d, 1852; d. Jan. 14th, 1869; 4. Caroline S., b. May 8th, 1825; m.,Dec., 1866, George Fortune, of Virden, 111.; 5. William F., b. Sept. 16th, 1827; resides in Washington, D. C; 6. Edward L., b. June 21st, 1829; resided in Man- chester, N. H.; d. Nov. 6th, 1875 ; 7. Geo. F., b. Oct. 16th, 1830 ; re- sides in N. Y.; 8. Mattie J., b. March 4th, 1833; m., Oct. 21st, 1857, Julius Wilcox; resides in Warrenton, N. C; 9. Henry C, b. Dec. 10th, 1834; d., in Manchester, Jan. 11th, 1869; 10. Russell F., b. June 29th, 1837 ; resides in Westboro, Mass.; 11. Maurice A., b. Jan. 10th, 1841 ; resides in Manchester, N. H. Hannah (Olcott) Holton, d. Jan. 26tb, 1792, aged 45, and Capt. Jonathan Holton m., 2nd, Nancy Walker, by whom he had the fol- lowing children : I. George Washington, b. Dec. 24th, 1795 ; II. Gus- tavus Stebbins, b. Apr. 11th, 1797; HI. Hannah Olcott, b. Jan. 2nd, 1769 ; IV. Abille Bowen, a daughtqp ; b. May 7th, 1800. Nancy (Walker) Holton, d. May 11th, 1803, aged 36, and Mr. Holton m., 3d, Nancy Pope, of Walpole; published Nov. 17th, 1803. She d. June 29th, 1840. Capt. Holton d. Nov. 19th, 1821, aged 78. Heney W. Hoopeb, (son of James and Eleanor (Wellington) Hoop- er, of Walpole, N. H.) b. Nov. 28th, 1807 ; m., Apr. 10th, 1832, Mary K. Chase, (dau. of Jonathan and Martha (Kimball) Chase) b. Sept, 27th, 1812 ; settled in Cliarlestown, 1853. Ch. I. Martha Ellen, b. HOOPER — HOWARD. 41u Aug. 14th, 1833 ; m., Apr. 13th, 1854, Simeon W. Phillips (son of Reuben and Rebecca (Foster) Phillips) b., in Roxbury, N. H., March 31st, 1829. Ch. 1. Mary Ellen, b. July 9th, 1856 ; d. May 20th, 1856 ; 2. Josephine Ida, b. Apr. 4th, 1859 ; 3. Henry Simeon, b. Mar. 7th, 1862 ; d. March 11th, 1870 ; 4. Sarah Rebecca, b. April 1st, 1864 ; d. Feb. 21st. 1867 ; 5. Robert Emmett, b. Feb. 28th, 1868 ; 6. Edward Rufus, b. Oct. 4th, 1870. Mr. Phillips d. Jan. 1st, 1872, in HartvUle, Missouri. II. Mary Frances, (dau. of Henry W. Hooper and wife) b. Sept. 14th, 1835 ; m., Feb. 1st, 1864, Joseph J. Shaw, (son of Ansel and Hannah (Jones) Shaw) b. Dec. 25th, 1840 ; III. Sarah Jane, b. July 18th, 1838 ; m., March 31st, 1863, Charles B. Glover, (son of Edward and Polly (Blake) Glover) b. in Alstead, N. H., June 22nd, 1825. Ch. 1. Charles Baker, b. Sept. 26th, 1864 : 2. Nellie M., b. in Glass Lake, Mich., July 26th, 1867 ; d. Aug. 12th, 1869, in Detroit, Mich.; 3. Em- ma J., b., in Alstead, Jan. 3d, 1875 ; d., in Alstead, Oct. 3d, 1875. Mr. Charles B. Glover d., in Alstead, June 22ud, 1875. IV. Edward C. (son of Henry W. and Mrs. Eleanor Hooper) b. May 2nd, 1840 ; V. Charles H., b. Oct. 2nd, 1848 ; VI. James K., b. Apr. 24th, 1852 ; Vn. Josephine R., b. Dec. 23d, 1855 ; d. July 6tli, 1872. Nathaij Howard, (son of Thomas Howard, of New London, Conn., and Hannah Howard, of Lyme, Conn.) b. Nov.. 18th, 1782, at Marlow, N. H.; m. Martha Brown, (dau. of Nathaniel Brown, of Grafton, Mass. and Molly Brown, of Lyme, Conn.) b. Apr. 16th, 1780, at Alstead, N. H. Ch. L Lorinda, b. Nov. 25th, 1802, at Alstead, N. H.; II. Philharma, b. Nov. 27th, 1805, at Marlow, N. H.; III. Vespersia, b. Jan. 22nd, 1807, at Marlow, N. H.; m. Charles H. Mann of Fairlee, Vt.; IV. Almanda, b. Apr. 26th, 1808, at Marlow, N. H.; m. Frank- lin Graves, ot Ac worth, N. H, She is now a widow and lives in Wi- nooski, Vt., (see His. of Acworth). V. Macandace, b. Sept. 16th, 1809 ; VL Mary, b. Apr. 9th, 1811 ; d. Apr. 13th, 1811 ; VII. Americus K., b. May 1st, 1812; m. Jane A. Adams, of Tunbridge, Vt. He is a Methodist minister at Newton Upper Falls, Mass.; VIII. Africus S., b. July 30th, 1814; (writes his name Sumner A.) m. Louise N. Con- verse, (see Converse); IX. Martha A., b. Jan. 5th, 1818 ; m. William O. Wright, (son of Jacob and Dorcas (Walker) Wright, of Charles- town). William O. Wright graduated at the Military School, at Nor- wich, Vt.; taught school seven winters, in North Charlestown, and one term in the village ; resides in Danvers, Mass., where he has charge of " The Peabody Institute ;" X. Nathan Wesley, b. Feb. 22ud, 1821, at Claremont, N. H.; m., June 18th, 1844, Rebecca Holden Putnam, (dau. 416 HOWARD — HUBBARD. of Hiram and Emily (Griswold) Putnam) b. Oct. 6th, 1824 — One son Horace Wesley, b. Nov. 12th, 1852. Nathan W. Howard was 2nd representative for the years 1875-6. He resides at North Charlestown. Samuel and Patience Howaed. Ch. I. Laura, b. June 26th, 1802; II. Melinda, b. Feb. 7th, 1804; III. Sabrina, b. July 4th, 1806 ; IV. John, b. Dec. 19th, 1808. Nathaniel Howaed, (son of Benjamin and Sarah ("Worcester) How- ard, of Lunenburg, Mass.) b., in Stoddard. N. H., Apr. 24th, 1803 ; m. in Nov. 1832, Mary Willard, (dau. of William and Elizabeth (Shepley) Willard) b. Sept. 8d, 1796. One child, Mary Elizabeth, b. Apr. 14th, 1837, in Langdon ; d. in her 6th year. Mr. Howard became a resident of Charlestown in April, 1848. George W. Hoyt, (son of Barnard and Elizabeth (Prescott) Hoyt) b. in Concord, N. H., March 24th, 1832 ; m. Sept. 1st, 1858, Martha Ann Hale (dau. of Charles and Mary Ann (Reed) Hale) b. in Wells River, Vt., Feb. 8th, 1831— died in Keokuk, Iowa. Ch ; L Charles Hale, b. in Concord, N. H. July 26th, 1859. II. George Albert, b. in Charlestown, April 6th, 1868 ; d. Feb. 16th, 1869. Mr. Hoyt came to Charlestown in 1865, and purchased the Robertson Hotel, which he kept for three years — He was 1st representative of the town in the Legislature in 1871 — In his life before coming to Charlestown, he had been Mail Agent for six years on the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, having received his appointment under Filmore — had had a large flour and grain store in Concord, and had kept hotel in New York city and at Lake Dunmore, Vt. Jonathan Hubbaed. Capt. Jonathan Hubbaed, one of the Grantees, proprietors and early settlers of the town of Charlestown, was descended from John Hubbard, who came with a company of emigrants to Concord, Mass., with Rev. John Jones, about the year 1635. He removed from Con- cord to Glastenbury, Conn., thence to Hadley, Mass., thence to Hat- field, where he died in 1707. Jonathan (the 2ud son of John Hub- bard) who inherited the property of his uncle. Deacon Robert Merri- am, of Concord, m. Hannah Rice, of Marlborough, Mass., and died Ju- ly 17th, 1728, aged 70. Mrs. Hubbard, d. April 9th, 1747, aged 89. Both are buried in Concord. Major Jonathan Hubbard, 1st son of Jonathan and Hannah (Rice) Hubbard, m. Rebecca Brown, and died April 7th, 1761. His wife d. Nov. 2d, 1751, both are buried in Towusend, Mass., where they have HUBBARD. 417 stones erected to their memory. Their children were 1. Rebecca, who m. Col. Joseph Blancliard, of Dunstable. 2. Hannah, who m. Col. Josiah Willard at first <5f Lunenburg, Mass., but afterwards of Win- chester, N. H. 3. Ruth, who married first, Rev. Mr. Stearns of Luiien burg, and 2nd, Rev. Mr. Whitney, of Petersham. 4. Mary, who married 1st, Mr. Jennison of Lunenburg, and 2nd, Colonel Benjamin Bellows, the founder of Walpole. 5. Jonathan, the subject of this memoir. 6. John, who died in infancy. 7. John, father of Joho Hub- bard, Professor of Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy in Dart- mouth College. |X{? I <1 a lA. 44-c. Oh LvlA \n. D'ULC'-^-f C«^i^ Capt. Jonathan HIjbbard, was employed as a surveyor in No. 4,^ as early as March, 1743, and was the principal surveyor of the Town- ti ship for several years. He appears to have been a well educated, and C very useful citizen. At what time he received his commission as Cap- tain has not been ascertained. He was a member of a company of, '^ twenty, under command of Benjamin Bellows, posted on Connecticut\.\ River in 1755. He died June 1st, 1759. Captain Hubbard m. Abi-j gail Jennison of Lunenburg, Vt. and had four children ; I. Abigail, who married Richard Glidden, (see Glidden). II. Jonathan, m. Eunice Wheeler (dau. of Moses and Elizabeth Wheeler) b. Oct. 8th. 1755. Ch. 1. Fanny, who m. Gideon Kidder of Weathersfield, Vt, 2. Samuel, b. August, 1782; m. Mrs. Mary Allen in 1811. Hed. March, 18th, 1859, leaving three children. (1) George, b. April 4th, 1812; m. Feb. 21st, 1839, Martha Ann, daughter of Enos and Martha (Hunt) Stevens (see Stevens gen.) b. March 5th, 1821. Ch. [1] Ann Elizabeth, Hubbard, b. Sept. 7th, 1841 ; m. at Alapleton, Kansas, March 19th, 1861, E. J. George Orear, a lawyer in Oweusville, Texas, b. in Ken- tucky, June 5th, 1827. Ch. [1] Sterling Price, b. March 11th, 1862 ; d. Aug. 16th, 1863; [2] George Hubbard, b. Dec. 16th, 1865; (2) Mary, b. in 1815, m. Dr. B. C. Parker, of Acworth, and died in 1868. (3) Huldah, b. in 1817 ; m. Howard Hubbard, and now lives in New Salem, Massachusetts. 3. Abigail, m. Godfrey Cook, of Claremout. 4. Sophia, m. Edward Reed, a Scotchman and lived in Dalton, N. H. 5. Jenisou J. Hubbard, b. Dec. 4th, 1793; ra. Oct. 27th, 1818, Eliza Fitch, (See Fitch) b. Jan. 5th, 1800. Jenison J. Hubbard believed that no man had a right to be idle, as long as he was given strength to labor. He therefore, though possessed of ample property, continued to work with the utmost diligence till wiiliin a few days of the close of his life. At the time of his decease he was one of the most venerable of our citizens, and' hud perhaps a larger store of facts 418 HUBBAKD, relating to the generation which had gone before than any other per- son in town, with perhaps the exception of Mrs. Hubbard, and it is to them, that the writer takes pleasure in acknowledging his indebted- ness, for many interesting facts and incidents in this ^ork. Ch. (1) Henry Fitch, b. Oct. 26th, 1820, is married and has two children — resides in Stockton, California. (2) Sarah D., b. Sept. 14th, 1822 ; m. April 6th, 1848, Amasa Rice, of Chesterfield, Mass., and has had four cliiidren. [1] Robert A. ; [2] Henry H., killed on the railroad. [3] Martha E. [4] Mary E. Mrs. Rice resides in Pittsfield, Mass. (3) Gorham, b. April 16th, 1825; went from home in 1845, and was lost by explosion and burning of a steamboat on Ohio river. (4) Robert M., b. in C. Sept. 21st, 1830 ; m. at St. Louis, Aug. 5th, 1858, Sarah B. Ross, b. in Newburyport, Mass., Aug. 4th, 1831. Ch. [1] Henry R, b. Sept. 29th, 1859; [2] Eliza R., b. March 9th, 1862. 6. The sixth child of Jonathan, and Eunice (Wheeler) Hubbard, was Lewis. III. The 3d child of Capt. Jonathan and Abigail (Jenison) Hubbard, m. Giles of Newport, N. H. IV. David Hubbard, (son of Capt. Jonathan and Abigail (Jenison) Hubbard, m. Abigail Lab- aree, (dau. of Peter and Ruth (Putnam) Labaree) b. Dec. 21st; 1760, and settled in North Charlestown. Ch. 1 Jothara, b. Feb. 1779, died young ; 2. Roswell, b. Jan. 29, 1781 ; m. Jan. 22nd, 1807, Sophia Wil- son, (dau. of Joseph and Anues (Holdeu) Wilson), b. May 11th, 1789. Ch. (1). Samuel W., b. Nov. 8th, 1807; m. in N. Y. about 1829, and d. June 22d, 1865. He had one daughter Sarah who m. John Hunt ; (2) Josiah H., b. Dec. 8th, 1809 ; m. Louisa Brooks (dau. of Daniel Brooks of Qharlestown,) b. March 31st, 1819. Ch. [1] Daniel B., b. June 29th, 1842 ; m. Sept. 1st, 1869, Roena A. Tuttle, of Framingham, Mass., and has one son Lyman J. [2] Edward R., b. Aug. 21, 1844 ; m. Oct. 2ud, 1866, Lucilla A. Gibbs of Framingham, and has one son Edward Albert. [3] Josiah E., b. June 11th, 1855. Josiah H. Hub- bard was one of tlie selectmen of Charlestowu in 1848 and Post Master for a time. He removed to Framingham, Mass , where he d. 1874, and was buried iu Charlestown. (3) William H., b. Aug. 8th, 1812; m. Dolly Griswold, of Weathersfield, Vt., March 1st, 1810 ; one daughter Elizabeth, m. Hoyt Blackwood, Springfield, Vt. Mr. Hubbard' was drowned at the mouth of Little Sugar River, 1861. (4) Lumau F., b. in Claremont, Apr. 19th, 1815. (5) Annes, b. in Charlestown, Aug. 9, 1819. 3. John, b. March, 1783 ; d. young ; 4. Josiah, b. Jau. 24th, 1785 ; d. Jan. 17, 1828 ; m. Nov. 1812, Peggy Allen, (dau. of Nathan and Deborah Allen) b. Oct. 27th, 1788; d. Feb. 26th, 1868. Ch. (1) HUBBARD. 419 John A., b. Aug. 31st, 1813 ; d. March 22a, 1858 ; m. Aug. 31st, 1857, Sophia E. Raymond, of Fair Haven Mass., (2j Horace, b. March 20Dh, 1815 ; m. March 3d, 1846, Marcia W. Putnam of Unity, N. H., (see Putnam). Ch. [1] Albert A., b. Nov. 17tii, 1846 ; [2] J. Frank, b. March 6th, 1850; m. Nov. 24th, 1875, Emma Arnold, of Springfield, 111. [3] Robert M., b. July 29th, 1855. [4] Charles P., b, Sept. 2d, 1864. Horace Hubbard was 2nd Representative in 1864 and 1st iu 1865 ; 1st selectman in 1866 and 1870 ; resides at North Charlestown. (3) Martha, b. July 11th, 1819; m. Apr. 16th, 1868, Edwin Whipple, (see Whipple). (4) Sophia, b. Feb. 29th, 1824 ; d. March 29th, 1849. 5, Asa, b. Apr. 1787 ; d. young ; 6. Abigail, b. May 17th, 1789 ; m. Jan. 25th, 1810, Moses Judevine, (see Judevine). 7. David, b. July 10th, 1791 ; m. Nov. 9th, 1815, Rosalinda Westcott. He was 2d se- lectman in 1847 and 48. 8. Susan, b. Nov. 14th, 1794; m. Oct. 1813 Lemuel Grow; Ch. (1) Abigail; (2) Elizabeth ; (3) Rosalinda; (4) Lucinda. 9. Jonathan B., b. March 30th, 1796; m. 1820, Aunes Whip- ple. Ch. (1) Henry L. (2) George, d. young ; (3) David ; (4) George ; 10 Rebecca, b. Aug. 1st, 1798; m. Levi Farnsworth. Ch. (1) David; (2) a daughter. 11. Hugh, b. Sept. 1800; d. young. Hon. John Hubbaed. The earliest known ancestor of the Hon. John Hubbard, the first settler in Charlestown of a distinguished branch of the Hubbard fam- ily, was George Hubbard, who, it is supposed, emigrated from Massa- cliusetts, and settled in Weathersfield, Ct., as early as 1638. He sub- sequently removed to Guilford, Ct, and thence to Milford in the same State, where he died. John Hubbard, the son of this ancestor, usually designated as John the first, on account of there being several of the same name in the line of descent, resided, at first, iu Weathersfield, but removed to Hadley, Mass., about the year 1660; in which place he spent the greater part of his life ; but ultimately died in Hatfield, in the family of his son, Isaac, in 1705 or 6. Isaac Hubbard, the 4th son, and 8th child of the above, was born in Hadley, Massachusetts, Jan. 16th, 1667 — married Ann, daughter of Daniel Warner, and settled in Hadley, whence he removed in 1714, to Sunderland, where he became a deacon in the church. He died, Aug. 7th, 1750. His wife also died the same year. John the eldest son of Dea. Isaac and Ann (Warner) Hubbard, was born iu Hatfield, April 20th, 1693 — married Hannah Cowles, of East Hartford, Ct., and died Aug. 25th, 1778. He was deacon of the 420 HUBBARD. cljurch in Hatfield, and was a most substantial and much respected man. The old homestead, the writer is told, is still in possession of the family. John, the 2nd son, and 4th child of Dea. John and Hannah (Cowles) Hubbard, often designated as John the 3d, was born in Hatfield, Nov. 6th, 1726. He graduated at Yale College in 1747 — entered the ministry ; settled May 30th, 1750 over the Congregational church, in Northfield, Mass., to which he continued to preach with great acceptance for nearly forty-five years ; when he died, greatly lamented by his people, on the 28th of November, 1794. Rev. John Hubbard married Dec. 26th, 1753, Anne, daughter of Capt. Samuel Hunt, of Northfield, and Ann Ellsworth of Windsor, Ct., by which marriage, he had ten children, of whom John the eldest, settled in Charlestown, where he became a distinguished citizen, and was much employed in public life. John Hubbard, often designated as John the 4th, was baptized in Northfield, Oct. 13th, 1754. The date of his birth has not been ascer- tained, nor the exact time of his coming here to reside. On coming to Charlestown, he established himself in business as a merchant, which became as long as he lived, his permanent employment. His store was at the lower end of Main street, where most of the business of that kind was transacted at that early day. He was so successful in trade, that he was able to accumulate no inconsiderable wealth for that day, by which he was able to give his children the be^t advantages of edu- cation, which the times then furnished. Allusion has been made to Mr. Hubbard as having been much em- ployed in public life. The following is a list of the offices which he held in town and county. He was one of the selectmen in 1779-80- 81-82-84 and 85 ; town treasurer in 1785-86-87 and 88 ; representa- tive in 1782-84-86 and 87. He was county treasurer from 1796 to 1802 ; and Judge of Probate from 1789 to 1801, with the exception of the year 1797, when the office was held by Sanford Kingsbury, of Clareniont. Mr. Hubbard married soon after settling in Charlestown, in 1776 or '77, Prudence, the 8th child of Capt. Phineas Stevens, born in the fort Nov. 6th, 1750. By this marriage he had the following children. I. Nancy, b. May 4th, 1779 ; m. Hon. John C. Chamberlain. (See Cham- berlain). II. Laura, b. Feb. 22ud, 1781 ; m. Vryling Lovell, Esq. (See Lovell). III. Henry, b.- May 3d, 1784. (See sketch of). IV. John jr., b. —. 1789 ; d. July 6th, 1841 ; Harriet, wife of John, d. HENRY HUBBARD. HUBBARD. 421 April 23d, of the same year. Nancy H., daughter of John and Har- riet Hubbard, d. Nov. 11th, 1842, aged 20. Richard, son of John and Harriet, drowned June 6Lh, 1842, aged 20. These were all the chil- dren of John, jr., so that this branch of the family is extinct. V. Elizabeth, b. — ^ 1792 ; m. Henry H. Sylvester. VI. Eichard, re- moved to the west and died early. Hon. Heney Hubbard. Henry Hubbard, the eldest son of Hon. John Hubbard, became not only one of the first citizens of Charlestown, but by the public offices to which he was elected, a statesman, extensively known through the nation. A more particular account of his life, will therefore be ex- pected, than of those of our citizens, who held less important positions. From his boyhood, without any marked precocity of mental develope- ment, he was a quick scholar, especially in those branches of knowl- edge, which depend to a considerable degree on the exercise of memory and the perceptive powers. He thus early exhibited the same mental characteristics, which distinguislied him in his maturity ; so that in him it may be appropriately said, that " the child was father of the man," as, in the highest manifestations of his manhood, there were no disclosures of peculiarities, which might not 'have been anticipated from a careful observation of his earlier life. We have, therefore, in him to speak of no marked changes, or remarkable transitions, such as have been exhibited by other men of distinction, in passing from one period of life to another, but instead there appears to have been a nat- ural and harmonious development of his powers, continuously, from the early portion of his life to its close. Charlestown, in the boyhood of the subject of this memoir, presented many inducements, to excite in the minds of the young, the desire of mental culture. It was not surpassed in its eminent men, by any town in the State. Hon. Benjamin West, was at that time at the height of his reputation, and stood forth preeminently as the first advocate in the State ; and inspired not only the admiration and homage of the bar, but the highest respect and regard of all who truly knew him. As one says, " It was a respect, which genius and virtue united, only can command. It was an homage, which wealth, power, talents or even virtues could not separately inspire." Hon. Simeon Olcott had klso at that time, no inconsiderable prominence both in the State and na- tion. He had successively, held the highest positions in all the courts of the State, and had been elected to the Senate of the United States, 422 HUBBARD. which then, as now, was esteemed one of the highest positions of honor and influence. Nor were these the only persons of more than ordinary distinction of the time ; for to them could be added, Hon. Samuel Stevens, Col. William Heywood, Col. Samuel Hunt, Hon. Samuel Hunt, jr., Dr. William Page, and Dr. Samuel Crosby, who, though men of less reputation, would in any community have passed for most intelligent citizens. There were also Mr. West's and Olcott's law stu- dents, Joseph Dannie, Peleg Sprague, Mills Oleott, John C. Chamber- lain and Thomas Hammond, who were all young men of great prom- ise, and who subsequently made their mark in the world. Whether it was the constant mingling with such men, and in such associations in his boyhood, that excited the desire to obtain an education, in the mind of young Hubbard, or whether it sprung out of promptings from some other source ; the desire was early awakened, and so early that we find him entering Dartmouth College, at the age of fifteen, and gradu- ating at the age of nineteen, in 1803. His preparatory studies were pursued under the tuition of Mr. Hedge, who is said to have been an excellent tutor, and Rev. Dan Foster, who for some years officiated as the minister of Charlestown. On graduating at Dartmouth, he im- mediately decided on the profession of law, and entered upon its study in Portsmouth, N. H., in the office of the Hon. Jeremiah Mason, after- wards so extensively known as one of the best judges of law in the American union. On completing his profession, he immediately re- turned to Charlestown, where he opened his office, and soon gained such a share of public favor, as to obtain a very extensive practice. From the time of his establishing himself in the town, he took an effi- cient part in all its affairs, and was soon honored by his townsmen, by election to important offices. In 1810, he was chosen rnoderator, which office, he held in all, sixteen times. He was 1st selectman in the years 1819-20 and 28, in which last year, he was also moderator and town clerk. He represented the town in the legislature in 1812- 13-14-15-19-20-23-24-25-26-27, eleven times in all. June 16th, 1825, he was chosen speaker of the house of representatives, in place of Hon. Levi Woodbury, who had been elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He was also chosen to the same office in the years 1826 and 27. In 1823, he was appointed solicitor for Cheshire coun- ty, in which capacity exhibiting rare qualities as an advocate, he served the term of five years. On the incorporation of Sullivan coun- ty, he was appointed Judge of Probate, the duties of which office he HUBBARD. 423 continued to discharge till 1829, when he was chosen a representative to Congress. In Congress, to employ the language of Chief Justice John James Gilchrist, " He at once distinguished himself by the possession of those qualities which characterized him through life. Always willing to la- bor; never disposed to throw upon others what belonged to himself; indefatigable in the transaction of all business intrusted to him ; an ar- dent political friend, but a courteous antagonist, he had the entire confi- dence of Gen. Jackson and the kindly regard of his opponents. He was a most active member of the Committee of Claims, upon whose de- cision such important interests depended, and signalized himself by his untiring support of the pension act of 1832, which gave their long de- layed recompense to the soldiers of the revolution. In 1834 he was elected to the Senate, where, for the period of six years, he had the im- plicit confidence of the administration, and the democratic party. ' * * In 1842 and 1843 he was elected Governor of New Hampshire. With this oflace his political career closed, although at every successive elec- tion no one in the state rendered moreefiicient service to the democratic cause." ' It may be added to the above, that soon after leaving the gubernato- rial chair, he was appointed sub-treasurer at Boston, to which city he for a time removed. Politically, the life of Gov. Hubbard must be divided into two eras : the first, in which he earnestly supported the federalistic or whig party, the second, in which he as earnestly sustained the democracy. His early political education was under the eye and in the midst of the old fed- eralistic leaders, whose characters for probity were unimpeachable, and ■whose judgments in political matters he appears to have regarded as so entirely worthy of confidence, that the idea of questioning their correct- ness scarcely occurred to him. They were men of refined tastes, culti- vated manners and comprehensive and far-reaching intellects, and had the advantage of occupying both the highest political and social posi- tions. Some of them were frequent visitors at his father's house, where their superior culture and wisdom had so profoundly impressed him, that he had been accustomed to look upon them with a feeling little short of reverence. In this state of things under the influences generat- ed by respect on the one hand, and by prejudices from early education on the other, that he should drift on in the political party in which he had started for a number of years, was not anything unnatural nor re- markable. It is as one says,," There is probably no me of thcmber 424 HUBBARD. community, whatever now may be his views, who cannot recall the time when the political opinions of his immediate friends appeared to him to be incoiitrovertibly true. Our political as well as our social views are determined as much by temperament as by reasoning," and we may add that the idea of change is not ordinarially awakened in the minds of men of principle, except through the most powerful convictions. With such convictions Gov. Hubbard, after having thoroughly studied the constistution and the condition of the country professed to have been impressed, and the result was an entire change, both in his political principles and associations ; for, without any hestitation or demurring he suddenly abandoned his whig connections, and went over to the democ- racy. This change was just in season for him to take part in the can- vass which preceded the election to the presidency of General Jackson. The season was opportune, as it related to his future political career. Of coursd the cry of inconsistency was raised against him, as it always is when one who has been pursuing a particular course abandons it for another ; but such are the complicated interests of a great, government like the one under which we live, that an independent consideration of the principles on which it ought to be administered, it is reasonable to suppose, may result, and that not unfrequently, in very great and yet honest differences of opinion. And certainly, he who acts in accordance with his convictions, though his conduct may be in direct controversion of his previous course, is more to be commended than he who preserves an apparent consistency at the expense of his moral responsibilities. There is no demand, then, for the accusation of inconsistency, when .one who has believed and acted with one political party finds the ground on which he has stood untenable, and changes it for a different one, nor to account for such change is the sXipposition of mercenary motives any more necessary ; since to wliate.-er subject it may relate, every change of opinion which is founded on conviction of right, is not only reasonable, but ought to be made ; and that Governor Hubbard believed he was right, under the circumstances of the nation, in going from the whig party over to the democracy, was not in the slightest degree questioned by those who knew him best. As one says " He sincerely believed that the doctrines of the federal party, were not ex- pansive enough to embrace the rapidly increasing interests of our coun- try." They had had their time and place in the establishment and promotion of our institutions, in which they had been instrumental in accomplishing no unimportant results, in checking the tendency to ul- traism, by which democracy in its early stages had been characterized. HUBBARD. 425 But in his estimation, their day had gone by, and all the objects which they had been adapted to answer, having been attained, the government in order to reach the true ends for which it is adminis- tered, demanded an infusion of more progressive principles into its ad- ministration. He therefore allied himself to the democratic party, from the doctrines of which it does not appear that he ever swerved. He therefore never hesitated to advocate them, and though his manner of doing it, was often ardent and impassioned, he was still not forget- ful of the courtesy which is always due to political opponents. Politi- cal enemies, says Judge Gilchrist, "of course he had many, but during his long and fearless defense of General Jackson, and his measures, while he was in Congress, his kindness of heart and agreeable manners, placed him on terras of personal intimacy with the most distinguished whigs of the time. The senate, then contained a variety and extent of political capacity, to which hardly an approximation has since been made. Webster, Clay, Crittenden, and Davis, Buchanan, Cass, Cal- houn, Van Buren, Benton and Wright and others, whom to name were only to praise, adorned it by their vigorous eloquence and admin- istrative ability. To have been the associate and friend of such men, is something on which any one may look back with pride." As a lawyer it is not pretended that Gov. H. had an extensive knowl- edge of books, nor that he was legally learned so far as the quality of such learning depends'on the examination of authorities, for he was not constitutionally adapted to the continuous and persevering application which is absolutely essential to one who would excel as a student of books. But his mind was still endowed with the true elements of a law- yer to a remarkable degree. There are few, it is believed, who have had a clearer insight into the fundamental principles of law, or a truer ap- prehension of their application to the administration of justice. Added to this, his logical powers were of a superior order. The whole bearings of a case seemed to be presented before him at one view, when, almost as if by intuition, he would seize on its strong points and present them before the jury in a series of such artful deductions as to make the best possible impression on their mind for his client. He never allowed him- self to give prominence, in presenting a case, to what was merely collat- eral or secondary, but had a most happy faculty of gathering all minor matters into their appropriate relations around those points which were of primary importance. It was his great object to accomplish the most he could under the circumstances for his client, and at this he so direct- ly aimed that he never in any ideal which he had formed to himself of 426 HUBBARD. presenting a case, for a moment lost sight of the juiy, but according to the best of his knowledge, gauging their mental capacity, he endeavor- ed, in imagination, to put himself in such a manner in their places as to present only such arguments as they would be likely to consider and appreciate. " In this power " says Judge Gilchrist, " of placing himself in the position of the jury and of looking at the case from their point of view. Mr. H. was unrivalled in the State, except by President Pierce, while at the bar ;" and in this, it may be added was one and probably the principal element of his success. But though he was possessed of such extraodinary perceptive powers, and what we may term a natural insight into a case, it was not his hab- it to depend on these powers or that insight in such a manner as to lead him to neglect any labor by which he might become acquainted with any facts or gain any knowledge which would be of assistance to him in the advocacy of his cause. At the nisi prius terms he was often the busiest man at the Court. It was customary with him to spend his eve- nings, and frequently the hours far into the night, in the examination of witnesses who were to appear upon the stand the next day. When it was possible, a personal interview with every important witness was sought. Nor did he neglect, when it was practicable, a personal ac- quaintance with every juryman. But though he pursued these endeav- ors to gain success to such an extent as often to entrench on the hours usually devoted to sleep, in court, the next day, he would not appear either languid or worn, but would enter upon the advocacy of his case with all the enthusiasm of one who was conscious that he was thorough- ly prepared for the work he had in hand. The remarkable individuality of Gov. Hubbard, in a summary of his character, also requires a brief mention. This extended to almost every- thing about him. In person, he was tall and on the whole quite harmo- niously and handsomely proportioned. His features too were regular, and his countenance open and intelligent. But though this description may be applicable to a hundred or a thousand others, yet so connected in him were these characteristics, with others which admit of no definite delineation, that it became hardly possible for one who had ever seen him to mistake him afterwards for another. The same was true of him as a speaker. In hearing him you was reminded of no model, nor of any one to whose manner you could trace a resemblance. That he was eloquent, might not, perhaps, be admitted, but that he spoke impressive- ly, none but the most prejudiced could deny. An effective speaker he certainly was, especially as an advocate at the bar, where his talents * HUBBARD. 427 shone ynth. peculiar brilliancy, and where he was accustomed to exhibit a greater variety in his manner than any where else. In his political harangues, so far as manner was concerned, there was great sameness. His voice very soon after commencing rose to its highest pitch, on which it was afterwards uniformly sustainsd to the close of his address. Thus a person who had frequently heard him, in giving to the writer a de- scription of his political speeches says, ' They were literally thundered.' His vocabulary was copious, and his sentences were often brilliant, but they were poured out upon his audiences with the fullest volume of voice he could command." But if the mere graces of elocution and manner were often wanting, their absence was usually more than com- pensated for, by the deep earnestness with which he spoke ; for the force of his manner was nothing assumed for the purpose of producing an im- pression, but was the result of the deep interest which he himself felt in his subject. In this particular he resembled Edmund Burke the great British statesman, and Hon. Samuel L. Southard, of our country, whose voices, as they warmed in their arguments, and became engaged in their discussions, are said to have been " a kind of triumphant and lofty cry." "But whatever objection to this manner a critic in oratory might have made, in the case of Gov. Hubbard, it was certainly popular, for no man, of his time, in the State, was called upon more frequently for polit- ical speeches, or was more heartily welcomed on the platform by his po- litical party. " The subject of this memoir made many speeches in Congress and elsewhere, but, without recurring to the many subjects in the examina- tion of which he took a prominent part, it is sufficient to refer to his speech against the distribution of the public lands, and that against the assumption of the state debts, as remarkably well reasoned and states- manlike performances, and combining a thorough acquaintance with all the necessary facts, with great lucidness of arrangement and an accu- rate insight into the consequences of the measures proposed," [Dem- ocratic Review, Aug., 1841.J " But whatever professional rivalry or political hostility might find to censure in Mr. H's career, in that purer and loftier and nobler sphere which embraces the duties of the citizen and the neighbor, he perform- ed his duties with a kindly and generous spirit not often equalled. His manners had that innate cordiality and grace which placed him at his ease every where, and made every one easy in his society. He was nev- er obsequious to the lofty nor arrogant to the humble, for he felt that he was a man, and he met every fellow being with a kindness, the result of 428 HUBBAED. * no predetermined plan, but of his own kindly nature. In the quiet vil- lage, in which so much of his life was passed, he was the most obliging and accommodating of men. In all the little offices of friendship he was ever ready with his advice and assistance. If any of his neighbors were in trouble of whiitever kind he was ever ready to come forward with a helping hand, even in cases where he was called upon to exercise a spirit of forgiveness. Sensitive as his temperament was, he was a stranger to that rancorous and degrading bitterness, of which, at times, he was the subject. To any project for the interest and welfare of the community he freely gave his aid with an open palm, and in a most lib- eral spirit. He did not believe that the little circle of life should be filled up with sordid personal cares, beginning and ending with the in- dividual, and no plaa for the public good — no scheme for the advance- ment of society to which he balouged, ever failed to receive his most ar- dent support." [Gilchrist.] In his religious views he was a Unitarian of the Buckminster and Channing school, and invariably gave a hearty support to Rev. Dr. Crosby, his pastor, who was also one of his nearest neighbors and most intimate friends. In this faith he lived, defending it oftentimes in tha» ardent and impassioned manner which was natural to him, and which, on account of the nature of the subject some mistook for a spirit of in- tolerance, though we are assured by those who knew him best, that no one could be less open to such a charge. In this faith he also died. He died in the house in which he was born and in which he had always liv- ed, June 5th, 1857. His death produced a deep impression, and notices of it and his career were given, not only in the papers of N. H., but in those of most of the other states of the Union. The following inscription is on the monument erected to Henry Hub- bard in the village cemetery : This Monument Is erected by his children In memory of Henry Hubbard, Who was born May 3d, 1784 ; and, after filling various Public Offices of honor and usefulness. Died, June 5th, 1857. Jesus said " I am the Resurrection and the Life, He that believeth in me though he were dead yet shall he live." HUBBAED. 429- Mrs. Hubbard is still living (1875, Jan. 10,) and resides with her children in Boston, but usually spends a few weeks in summer in Charlestown, which is her native place, as well as that of her husband. Long may she be spared and permitted to repeat her visits to the old homestead endeared to her by associations at once the most pure and the most lasting. 'Mrs. Hubbard d. in Boston, Apr., 1876. The parentage of Governor H., has already been given. He mar- ried Nov. 30th, 1813, Sally Walker Dean (dau. of Aaron and Phyla (Walker) Dean, of Charlestown) b. July 6th, 1795. (See Dean and Walker families). By this marriage he had the following children. 1. Sarah Dean Hubbard, b. Oct. 8th, 1814 ; m. Chief Justice John James Gilchrist, Aug. 25th, 1836. (See sketch of Judge Gilchrist). 2. Henry Hubbard, jr., b. June 21st, 1817; m. June 6th, 1850, Louisa Dexter West (dau. of Dea. Benjamin and Charity West.) (See West family). By this marriage he has the following children. (1) Henry Scott, b. Jan. 6th, 1852 (2) Eleanor Charity, b. May 28th, 1853. (3) Samuel Hildreth, b. Sept. 30th, 1856. (4) Nathalie Dean, b. July 22nd, 1858. (5) Louis Dexter, b. May 6th, 1861. (6) Benjamin West, b. Oct. 2nd, 1863. Henry Hubbard, jr., graduated at Harvard University, in 1837, and immediately commenced the study of law in the office of his fa- ther, attending in connection with his studies there, the law lectures at Cambridge. Being admitted to practice in 1840, he opened an office in Charlestown, where he continued to reside in the successful practice of his profession till 1867, when in consequence of declining health, he sold his place to Sherman Paris, Esq., and removed to Bedford, Va. The inhabitants of Charlestown parted with Mr. Hubbard, with much regret, not only on account of their personal attachments to him and his family, but from their conviction that his place as a citizen, could not be easily supplied. 3. Nathaniel Dean Hubbard, born Jan. 14th, 1821 ; married April 23d, 1863, Anne Brooks Frothingham (dau. of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel L. Frothingham, of Boston. The children by this marriage were as follows. (1) Gorham, born May 11th, 1864. (2) Catherine Dean, b. July 29th, 1865. Mr. Hubbard graduated at Harvard University in 1840, and established himself in Boston, where after a very successful business career, he died Oct. 7th, 1865. 4. Richard Hubbard, born Nov. 13th, 1823 ; married June 1st, 1852, Sarah Denny Clapp, (dau. of Joshua Clapp, of Boston). Their childreu are (1) Waldo Flint, b. June 4th, 1853. (2) Richard Dean, b. Jan. 25th, 1855. (3) Eliot, 430 HUBBARD — HULL. b. Sept. 23d, 1856. (4) Helen, b. Aug. 2ud, 1863. (5) Joshua Clapp, b. Dec. 31st, 1869. Mr. Richard Hubbard settled on the Hubbard homestead at the lower end of Main street in Charlestown, and engaged in the occupa- tion of a farmer, in which business he continued till the autumn of 1874, when he removed to Bosl.ou, where he now resides. His sons, Waldo Flint and Richard Dean, are connected (1874) with the United States Fish commission, in California. Mrs. Hubbard died Nov. 27th, 1872, very suddenly, of malignant erysipelas. She was an excellent woman and deservedly, greatly beloved. 5. Aaron Dean Hubbard, the youngest son of Governor Hubbard, born May 13th, 1826, has long been established in business in Bo.ston. Orange Hubbaed (son of Col. Josiah and Mary (Hovey) Hub- bard) b. in Thetford, Vt., Apr. 9th, 1787 ; m. March 7th, 1816, Lo- ranea Boardman (dau. of Jonas and Elizabeth (Jewett) Boardman of Preston, Ct.,) b. in Norwich, Vt., July 14th, 1796. They had fifteen children, seven sons and eight daughters, all of whom lived to grow up, but the youngest, who died at the age of 14 months. Ch. Edwin, Franklin, Loraine Maria and Louisa Sophia, twins ; Mary Elizabeth, Sherman Driggs, Caroline Frances, Lucy Newton, George Boardman, Charles White, Sarah Minott, Henry Jewett, Amanda Ellen, Harlan Page, Martha Jane, Austin Phylorman. Edwin Franklin Hubbard, b. in Thetford, Vt., Feb. 21st, 1817 ; m. Jan. 18th, 1842, Hannah Willis, (dau. of John and Sally (Dana) WU- lis) b. in Lebanon, N. H., Apr. 7th, 1819. Mr. Hubbard settled in Charlestown in 1848. Ch. L Loraine Sophia, b. Nov. 12th, 1842 ; m. George Holden Powers. (See Powers). II. George Sherman, b. March 7th, 1845. III. Emma Maria, b. Jan. 1st, 1846. IV. Lucy Ella, b. June 11th, 1853. V. Austin Fisk, b. Nov. 21st, 1856. VL Nettie Willis, b. May 12th, 1858. VII. Elizabeth Boardman, b. July 1st, 1860. Elias Hull, ancestor of the families of the name in Charlestown, was born in Stonington, Ct., and died in Lempster, N. H.. aged 86. He was captain of a company in the war of The Revolution in serv- ice in Rhode Island. He married 1st Mary Campbell, by whom he had five children, Horace, Harriet, Homer, Hendriuk, Hiram. Hor- ace, the eldest, m. in February 1806, Taphena (dau. of Dr. Abraham and Lois (Abels) Downer, of Weathersfield, Vt.,) and settled in Charlestown. Mrs. Taphena Hull, died April 9th, 1819, aged 39. Her husband died JIar. 1st, 1865, aged 84. Ch. 1. Miranda, b. July HULL. 431 7th, 1809— died. 2. Lois, b. Feb. 10th, 1811 ; married Nov. 8th, 1832, William H. AmsdcD (son of Jacob aud Lydia (Miller) Amsden) b. in Boston, Mass., July 16th, 1803. Mr. Amsden died in Cato, Wis., Oct. 23d, 1870. Mrs. Amsden (March 1875) is in Charlestown. 3. Abraham D. Hull, b. in Charlestown, Oct. 10th, 1813 ; m. Oct. 16th, 1848, Elithea D. Dwinnell, b. March 18th, 1822, by whom he had two children, when she died June 16th, 1852. Ch. (1) Henry Francis, b. April 19th, 1850; d. the Sept. following. (2) William Henry, born April 9th, 1852 ; d. Sept. 25th, 1863. Mr. Hull married for his 2nd wife, Aug. 15th, 1853, Miss Millia Augusta Baldwin, b. July 4th, 1830, (see Baldwin) and had the following children. (3) Harry Baldwin, b. July 2nd, 1854 ; d. Oct. 8th, the same year. (4) Emma Elithea, b. Jan. 15th, 1856. (5) Albert Earnest, b. July 24th, 1858. (6) Arthur Egerton, b. July 12th, 1861. (7) Galen Downer, b. Nov. 16th, 1865. Abraham D. Hull, Esq., has been much and honorably engaged in public business. He held the office of Dep- uty Sheriflf in the county for upwards of thirteen years, when in 1874, he declined to accept it longer. 4. Horace, b. Nov. 4th, 1816; married July 17th, 1838, Abigail K. Tuttle (dau. of John and Abigail (Stowell) Tuttle) b. in Alstead, Sept. 22nd, 1821. Ch. (1) Sophia Lois, b. in Windsor, Vt., Dec. 21st, 1839 ; m. July 3d, 1855, Stephen Alden Spoouer, (son of John A., and Prudence (Jenner) Spooner), b. in Maria, N. Y., May 30th, 1835. (See Spooner). (2) Charles Tuttle, b. Dec. 23d, 1841 ; m. Sept. 9th, 1866, Rhoda Augusta (dau. of William Augustus and" Eraeline (Ma- son) Howard) b. JMay 16th, 1849. Ch. [1] Luther Aldrich, b. Apr. 21st, 1869 ; died Oct. 30th, 1869. [2] Arnold Kenneth, b. March 21st, 1871. [3] Josephine Louise, b. March 31st, 1873. . Capt. Elias Hull, after the death of his wife, Mary (Campbell) Hull, married, 2nd, Cynthia Carpenter about the year 1795, in Charles- town, N. H.; lived afterwards in Hoosick, N. Y., and Bennington, Vt. Their children by this marriage, L Ephraim C, b. in Bennington, June 1st, 1800 ; married 1st, Dec. 28th, 1823, Loisa Graves, b. April 15th, 1804. Ch. 1. Nathaniel Brush, b. Oct. 2ud, 1824 ; m. Dec. 9th , 1844, Mrs. Sarah P. Mclntyre, b. July 1825. 2. Cynthia, b. March loth, 1826; d. Nov. 15th, 1839. 3. Henry, b. Sept. 6th, 1828; d. Mar., 1852. 4. Anne, b. July 9th, 1830 ; d. Oct. 6th, 1839. 5. William, b. Apr. 11th, 1832; m. Feb. 14th, 1854, Emily Bliss; has live children- resides at Susquehanna Depot, Pennsylvania. Ephraim C. Hull m. 2nd, Oct. 9th, 1834, Lucy Graves (dau. of Frederick aud Lucy 432 HUMPHREY — nUNT. (Graves) Locke) b. in Acvvorth, May 2nd, 1811. By this marriage had Louisa, b. Oct. 29th, 1835— died Nov. 17th, 1839. Ephraim C. Hull is a farmer in North Charleslown. IL Nathaniel Brush Hull, b. Sept. 1st, 1802, came to Charlestown in Nov., 1804 — removed to Acworth 1823. Royal Humphrey, (son of John and Esther (Sartwell) Humphrey, of Langdou) b. July 27th, 1803; m. March 27th, 1831, Eliza Morse (dau. of Joseph and Betsy Fiuley Morse) b. in Alstead, Sept. 18th, 1810. He d. Aug. 8th, 1872. She d. March 25th, 1864. Ch. L John, b. June 1st, 1833 ; d. Aug. 17th, 1874. II. Sarah Jane, b. May 30th, 1835. III. Helen M., b. May 9th, 1840; m. Roswell W. Rob- ertson. (See Robertson). Royal Humphrey, settled in South Charles- town in March 1866 Col. Samuel Hunt, The earliest known ancestor of Col. Samuel Hunt, was Jonathan Hunt who took up his residence in Northampton, Mass., in 1660 or 61, and died there at the age of 54, Sept. 30th, 1691. He m. Sept. 3d, 1662, Clemenza Hosmer, of Hartford, Connecticut. Jonathan Hunt, jr., the 2nd sou of this marriage, b. Jan. 20th, 1666 ; m. Martha Williams, and d. July 1st, 1738. He was the father of Samuel Hunt, usually known as Capt. Samuel, who became a most substantial citizen, of Northfield, Mass. Capt. Samuel Hunt, b. in Northfield, in 1704; m. Ann Ellsworth, (daughter of John Ellsworth, of Windsor, Conn., and Esther White daughter of Daniel White of Hartford,) b. April 27th, 1705. Their children were, 1. Samuel jr., b. Sept. 29th, 1734; 2. Anna, b. Oct. 23d, 1736; 3. Jonathan; 4. Elisha; 5. Arad ; 6. Sarah; 7. Martha. Of these, the 2nd, Anna, m. Rev. John Hubbard, for forty-five years' Congregational minister, at Northfield, and became the mother of Hon. John Hubbard, and grand-mother of Hon. Henry Hubbard of Charlestown. Jonathan settled at Vernon, Vt., and became the Lieu- tenant Governor of that State. The others were successful in life, but with the exception of Samuel jr., who became one of the most distin- guished and useful of our citizens, their history does not belong in this work. (See His. of the descendants of Elder John Strong, pages 1175-76.) Samuel Hunt Je., was commissioned, April 27th, 1759, by Gover- nor Pownal of Mass., 3d Lieutenant in his Majesty's service, at No. 4, in Charlestown, New-Hampshire. As great Britain and France were HUNT. 433 at that time engaged in the most active hostilities, it was a post of no inconsiderable danger ; but was probably, no less inviting to the young officer on that account ; for though a man so small as to be almost diminutive in stature, his courage was such, that he was never known to shrink in any circumstances, hovvever perilous, from any duty as- signed him. His appointment had the effect of fixing his location for life ; and it is probable that he, very early, determined on making Charlestown his permanent residence. For we find him, undoubtedly actuated by a feeling that it was not good for a man to be alone, tak- ing to himself a companion, December 2nd, 1760. The young lady was Miss Esther Strong, of Northampton, Mass., (daughter of Lieu- tenant Caleb and Phebe (Lyman) Strong); and was born February 12th, 1741, on what is now known as the homestead of Governor Caleb Strong. She was the sister of Governor Strong, who was between three and four years younger than herself. Her oldest sister Phebe, b. Dec. 22nd, 1738, m. General* Benjamin Bellows of Walpole. When the Strong family understood that Esther was about to mar- ry young Hunt, there was a strong reluctance to giving her up to go so far away. The impression prevailed among them that if she should marry the young officer, and go with him to Charlestown, the distance would be so insurmountable, that they never should see her again. There was no objection to Hunt, who was a very great favorite with the family. His location was all. But the young lady did not look upon the matter in the same light, in which it was viewed by her friends. For though she could live in the very best style of the times at hoilie, she did not object to the sacrifices she would have to make in reaching her new residence, and for some years afterwards. The wed- ding day was, therefore, appointed and the marriage consummated. And that the occasion was no ordinary one, there are the best of grounds for inferring. Says the author of the history qf the Strong * Phebe was opposed at first to the marriage of her sister toOol. Hunt because she would be taken to so great a distance from her familj' friends. But on re- ceiving the offer of the hand of General Bellows, she saw the matter in a different light, and did not think the distance very great after all. The General was nearly two years younger than his wife, and they were both persons of very strong minds, who were accustomed to think for themselves and who would sometimes arrive at quite different conclusions. When this happened in matters of business, as it sometimes did, the tradition has come down, that the General used to decide the matter by quoting the scripture " The elder shall serve the younger, " when Mrs. B. wo.uld very good naturedly allow him to take his own course. 434 HUNT. family, Rev. Benjamin W. D wight, "A piece of her wedding dress in the author's possession, shows that we cannot justly speak of our fore- fathers of that day as rude in their ideas of dress, or of personal ex- penditure. It was a dress, and skirt of crimson color of very thick damask silk." Now imagine the youug bride, nineteen years, nine months, and twenty days old, in the perfection of her youthful beauty, apparelled thus, with surroundings in correspondence, and you will get some idea of the bridal scene. It would be pleasant if we could know some more of the particulars of this wedding — as for instance whether the accomplished Parson Hooker performed the ceremony, whose little daughter then only two years old, subsequently married Caleb Strong, the brother of the bride, than whom Massachusetts has had few more popular, better or greater men. It would be also pleasant to know, what counsel was given the newly wedded pair, as counsel by the clergy of the olden time, was al- ways in order. But these things can be only subjects of conjecture, as the facts at this distant period cannot be ascertained. Immediately on her marriage, the bride left for her new home ; prob- ably not without an armed escort, for the times, as yet, had not be- come sufficiently settled to allow of safe travelling without one. She and her husband went on horseback, while her effects went up the Con- necticut river by boat. There were no roads, as yet, between North- hampton, and Charlestown, at least for a considerable part of the way. The only things to guide them were marks cut in the trees, and which if recently cut, exhibited the color of the wood in such a manner as to be seen at a considerable distance. How a modern belle would bear such a journey we can well conceive, but we do not find that the heart of the young bride failed her, or that she ever regretted the step she had taken. She arrived at Charlestown without accident, to which her effects also in due time came safely, where she settled down to a life as we have reason to believe, both happy and useful. We cannot leave Mrs. Hunt without some further notice. There is reason to believe that her influence on the society of Charlestown was both elevating and refining. Educated in the most thorough manner in which women were educated in her day, and with the manners con- sequent upon such an education in one of the first and most intelligent families, her example became one to be imitated by her neighbors, the circumstances of whose early lives had been less fortunate, and thus became a conservative against the coarseness into which, without some such counteracting influence the early settlers were liable to fall — ^and HUKT. 435 doubtless Mrs. Hunt did not contribute "in a small degree to give to the society of Charlestown, that character and tone of refinement aud cult- ure, which gave it its reputation for superiority, aud rendered a resi- dence in it, in the early time, so desirable. The following, which contains a historical fact, will both amuse and interest. It is related of Mi-s. Hunt, that she appeared on the street in Charlestown with the first parasol ever brought into the town; and that, as she was passing up the street with it, holding it gracefully over her head, Mrs. Dinah Bowen, a neighbor of hers, seeing her, came out of her house with a loug handled frying pan, taken from the chim- ney corner, aud accompanied her in appropoa style, with much assum- ed grace and dignity, a short distance up the street. The circum- stance, at the time, created considerable amusement, and was quite as agreeable to Mrs. Hunt, who had no false pride about her, as to others. This was Mrs. Charles Bowen, and her maiden name was Dinah Fields, from Northfield, Mass. Her husband lived on the Heaton place, since owned by Hon. Enos Stevens, and now occupied by George Hubbard, Esq. Col. Hunt became a useful and popular citizen of Charlestown, as may be seen from the following offices to which he was elected. He was 13 times moderator; 8 times first, and 5 times third selectman; 6 times town treasurer, and twice, viz. in the years 1774 and 1778, rep- resentative. In addition to these offices he was elected High Sherifi" for Cheshire County for the years 1776-77, and again in 1783. Jan. 2nd, 1777, he was appointed one of the Justices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas. From 1783, he held the office of High Sheriff till his decease, in 1799. He was also Councillor for the year 1780. The following traditional account illustrates so well the courage of Col. Hunt, that I insert it here. Shem KeutfielJ, who was one of the men whose counterparts are found in most places, whose business is just what they can find to do, had for about ten years been a resident of Charlestown, where he had often been employed by Col. Walker and Col. Hunt, and occasionally by the Stevenses, Samuel and Solomon, to accompany them on their tours in surveying. He was a daring hunter and expert fisherman, but was most distinguished as a hanger on at the public inns, where if he could get an occasional drink, and food sufficient to supply pres- ent hunger, he was very happy and was content to let the day pass 436 , HUNT. without takinsT any thought for'the morrow. But his habits were not only bad, but in his disposition he was jealous and revengeful, and never ceased to exercise the antipathies which he had once imbibed ; and, being withal suspected of being a tory, he became in the com- munity, not only a butt for their ridicule, but a mark for their most cutting gibes. Under these circumstances the society of Charlestown at length became so distasteful to him that he felt that it was not to be endared longer, so helping himself to one of the best horses of Col. Hunt, against whom he had a peculiar grudge, he, one night, while the villagers were wrapped in sleep, took a silent leave of his old ac- quaintances, and did not stop by any unnecessary delay till he was within the British lines, in Canada. Here he had leisure to lay his plans for the future and plot his re- venge. Having engaged five others to assist him, they started late in the following autumn for Charlestown, their object being to entrap and seize Col. Hunt, if they could, and take him within the British lines, and if that could not be accomplished, to take revenge by burn- ing Charlestown. They were armed with the best guns and pre- pared f Col. Samuel and Esther (Strong) Hunt. I. Samuel, b. Nov. 1st, 1761, in Charlestown, d. (scalded) Feb. 3d, 1764 II. Asa- hel, b. August 23d, 1763 ; m. Aug. 16th, 1785. Anna Geer of West- moreland, N. H., b. Aug. 19th, 1768. Mr. Hunt kept a tavern at South Charlestown, on i the place now owned by Roswell Robertson and was also a farmer. He died, Nov. 29th, 1822. Mrs. Hunt d. Sept. 29th, 1825. Their children, none of whom settled in Charles- town, were 1, Alpheus M.; 2. Lewis ; 3. Helen Either ; 4. Cynthia Geer ; 5. Sarah ; 6. Margaret ; 7. Sarah —the last two were twins. (See His. Strong family, page 1179.) Hon. Samuel Hunt, Je. III. Samuel, jr., b. July 8th, 1765— never married. Hon. Samuel Hunt, as he is now usually called, possessed natural abilities of a very high order, to which what he accomplished in life, though he attained to some eminence, was hardly proportionate. Deciding on the profess- ion of law, he entered himself as a student in the office of Benjamin West, and in 1790, was admitted to practice. He established an office at first, in Alstead, but soon removed to Keene, as a more eligible lo- cation ; and after continuing about five years in the profession, he gave it up, for what reason is not definitely known ; but it is usually sup- posed, that it was on account of the many details, which are essential to a successful practice of it, but to which he had a great aversion. He is described by the late John Prentiss, as " an eloquent advocate, who early retired from the bar." He was adapted by his talents, to literary pursuits, and his inclination led him also in that direction. He became, therefore, a contributor to the famous Farmer's Museum, which had been established by Joseph Dennie at Walpole. Deunie was afterwards, editor of the Port Folio, at Philadelphia, which may be HUNT. 441 said to have been the first popular magazine established in the coun- try. The Museum was sustained by the Literary Club, which consist- ed of the following persons, all of whom were or had been members of the Bar ; Joseph Dennie who was editor of " The Museum ;" Royal Tyler, of Brattleborough, afterwards Chief Justice of Vermont; Rog- er Vose of Walpole, who also became Chief Justice ; Samuel Hunt, whose popular talents, ultimately secured his election to Congress; and Samuel West of Keene, son of Rev. Samuel West, D. D., of Boston, and nephew of Hon. Benjamin West, of Charlestown — a most brilliant advocate, and, eloquent orator. These were all men of fine abilities, keen wit and no inconsiderable culture, whose superiors have not prob- ably been since consociated in the county. The combined talents of the club produced a paper, which became exceedingly popular, and which was taken, and read with interest, by many educated persons, in other States. Mr. Hunt, soon after giving up the practice of his profession, went abroad, with the double purpose of improving his mind and benefiting his health. He was absent nearly three years, the greater part of which time was spent in France. He spent considerable time at Bor- deaux. From a letter to Dr. Oliver Hastings, written from that place in answer to one communicating the death of his brother, a promising young lawyer, at Windsor, Vt., it appears that he was in very low spirits, and without any plan or settled purpose for the future. To the question, when he expected to return to America, he replies, " Perhaps soon, perhaps never." His brother had been very dear to him, and his death, when he was so far away from him, in connection with some sad circumstances which had transpired previously to his leaving Charlestown, had probably at that time produced an unusual depression of spirits. He however, after an absence of about three years, returned home, and settled down in Charlestown, to the busi- ness of a gentleman farmer. In tliis he continued, engaging moderate- ly in politics, till 1802, when he had so attracted public attention, that on the occurrence of a vacancy in our representation in Congress, by the resignation of Hon. Joseph Pierce, of Alton, he was appointed to fill his place. His term expiring iu the 7th Congress, he was re-elect- ed to the 8th in 1803. At the close of this term, not desiring a re- election, as he had business in view, that would wholly occupy his attention, he was succeeded by the Hon. Caleb Ellis, of Claremont. The business referred to, was the formation of a Colony for the settle- ment of a large tract of land, of which he had come into possession in 442 HUNT. Ohio. In this project he enlisted some dozen or fifteen persons ia Charlestown, by holding out to them the inducement of the acquisition of a fortune, more speedily than it was likely to be obtained in any other way. Hunt made the journey to Ohio on horse-back, accompan- ied by Miss Cynthia Rugg, whom he had engaged to be his house keep- er, while the others sought their land of promise on foot. All arrived in Ohio in safety, and commenced their settlement in French Grant, as the place was called. But the location proved so unhealthy, that nearly all of them were very soon prostrated by sickness, and it is re- lated that at one time, there was not a person in the company, able to wait upon the rest, and that all the attention, and nursing they had, was from one Indian squaw, who did little more than to bring them water from a distant spring, with which to quench their thirst. The fever proved fatal to Mr. Hunt, who died on the 7th of July, 1807, at the age of 42, and was buried at Marietta. The Colony was broken up, and of those who went out to it from Charlestown, only three sur- vived to return. IV. John, (son of Col. Samuel and Esther (Strong) Hunt) b. in Charlestown, Aug. 6th, 1768 — graduated at Harvard College, in 1789 ; studied law with Hon. Benjamin West — settled at Windsor, Vt., and died unmarried, Sept., 14th, 1795; a young man of great promise. V. Roswell, b. Oct. 26th, 1772; m. Mary Willard, of Charlestown, (dau. of Aaron and Mary (Smead) Willard) b. Dec. 12th, 1773. Mr. Hunt who was a farmer, died Feb. 22nd, 1831 ; Mrs. Hunt, Aug. 28th, 1853. Ch. 1. Martha, b. May 4th, 1792 ; m. Enos, son of Hon. Sam- uel Stevens. (See Stevens). 2. Samuel, b. July 12th, 1795 ; m. 1st, in 1824, Sarah Bond, of Hanover, N. H.; m. 2nd, Oct. 3d, 1825, Ma- tilda Lull, of Hartland, Vt. He died at Pierraont, N". H., Aug. 15th, 1831. 3. Mary, b. Sept. 6th, 1802 ; m. Stephen Danforth Hassam. (See Hassam). 4. Ellen, b. May 22nd, 1805 ; m. 1st, George Avery, died at Manchester, N. H., Sept. 25th, 1870 ; she m. 2nd, James Hor- sey. 5. Eliza Ann, b. Jan. 28th, 1810, and died in the following March. 6. John Hunt, b. Jan. 29th, 1813 ; m. Jan. 3d, 1836, Rebec- ca Parmenter (dau. of John and Eunice (Chickering) Parmenter, of Gil- sum, N. H.,) b. Oct. 29th, 1812. He was a farmer and died at Charles- towu, April 24th, 1852. She died March 10th, 1858. Children none of whom settled in C. (1) Martha Stevens. (2) Frederic Hassam. (3) George John. (4) Mary Willard. Heney Hunt of English extraction ; m. Esther Hart, and settled in Charlestown. Ch. I. Henry Lewis, b. Oct. lOth, 1813 ; m. Sept. HUNT. 443 5th, 1842, Martha Sumner Goodrich, (dau. of Charles and Lucy (Buckman) Goodrich) b. Feb. 13th, 1824. Ch. 1. Charles L., b. Sept. 6th, 1843 ; m. Sept. 27th, 1864, Julia Emma Hart (dau. of John and Olive Levina Hart) b. Sept. 28th, 1846. Ch. (1) Lucius Henry, b- July 28th, 1865. (2) Charles Warren, b. Oct. 9th, 1869. (3) Ethel Sumner, b. Dec. 3d, 1870. (4) Louisa Frances, b. July 16th, 1873. (5) Guy Haywood, b. Sept. 29th, 1875. 2. James A., b. March 23d, 1847 ; m. July 6th, 1869, Mary Louisa Holden, b. Aug. 17th, 1849 ; one child. Bertha, b. May 1st, 1871. 3. Mary E., b. May 30th, 1849 ; m. Alvin C. Bemis. 4. Martha Ellen, d. in infancy. 5. Julia Fran- ces, b. Aug. 4th, 1854. 6. George G., b. March 23d, 1857. II. Mary Jane, b. July 30th, 1820; m. Warren Holbrook, of Hadley, Mass. III. Lucius T., b. May 14th, 1822 ; m. and had one child, James A., who resides (Nov. 1875) in Springfield Vt., having just returned from service in the army of the United States. Lucius T. Hunt enlisted in Co. H., 10th Vermont Volunteers, in The War of the Rebellion, Aug. 8th, 1862, at which time he was commissioned Captain — commissioned Major, July 2nd, 1864 — mustered out of service on account of disabil- ity caused by wound received at Cold Harbor ; d. at Springfield, Vt., June 26th, 1868 — buried in the village cemetery in Charlestown. IV. James A., b. May 27th, 1827 ; m. and lives in Cannonsville, N. Y. John Hunt and Rebecca. Ch. I. Martha b. Oct. 20th, 1836 ; II. Frederick, b. Feb. 7th, 1838. The following branch of the Hunt family are descended from Jacob Hunt, who m. Hannah Littlefield. He was at first of Virginia but re- moYcd to Coleraine, Mass., where his son Thomas Jlunt was born, April 10th, 1787. He m. Deborah Nickerson, b. Aug. 31st, 1789. He died, at Newport, N. H., Aug. 5th, 1874, and was buried in Charlestown. Ch. I. Thomas J. Hunt, b. in Reading, Vt., June 5th, 1818 ; m. Apr. 18th, 1850, Clara M. Swett, b. at Claremont, N. H., Aug. 13th, 1826, and settled in Charlestown. Ch. 1. Joseph S., b. Nov. 1st, 1853. 2. Grace E. b. Jan 22nd, 1858. 3. Arthur H., b. Jan. 9th, 1862. 4. Edwin S. b. Nov. 12th, 1865. In addition to the above they had three children, who died young. II. Abel Hunt, b. in Read- ing, Vt, Sept. 22nd, 1819 ; m., March 20th, 1844, Ellen Green- wood, b. in Needham, Mass., Dec. 31st, 1818. Ch. 1. Emma L., b. in Billerica, Mass., May 12th, 1845 ; m. Jan. 1st, 1863, James E. Perry, of Charlestown. 2. Abby J., b. in Billerica, Sept. 17th, 1848 ; d. in Charlestown, Oct. 11th, 1851. 3. Westley A., b. in Charlestown, Feb. 444 HUNTLEY — JACOBS. 26th, 1850 ; m. Feb. 26th, 1874, Ida Fifield of Claremont. Other children of Thomas and Deborah Hunt. III. Deborah E., b. Sept. 22nd, 1821. IV. Abner, b. March 24th, 1823; d. aged 30. V. Na- than, b. Feb. 25lh, 1825. VI Hannah, b. May 19th, 1827. VII. Phineas, b. March 23d, 1823 ; d. aged 20. Elisha and Betsy (Care) Huntley came from Hillsboro to Charlestown. Ch. I. Abigail; II. Achsah ; III. Eunice; IV. Caro- line ; V. Samuel ; VI. Kobert ; VII. Mary. Kemoved to Langdon, where Mr. Huntley died. Elisha Huntley and Hannah Glidden, m. Oct. 27th, 1805. Ch. I. Eussell, b. Aug. 1st, 1807. II. Mary b. Apr. 19th, 1810. Phineas Hutchins, (son of Phineas and Abigail Hutching) b. July 6th, 1774; m. March 15th, 1796, Lydia Willard, (dau. of Marcian and Lydia (Farwell) Willard) b. May 18th, 1798. Ch. Louisa, b. May 6th, 1796 ; d. Oct. 23d, 1797. 2. Florinda, b. Apr. 29th, 1797. 3. Matilda, b. May 27 th, 1798. Pearl S. Hutchins, b. May 26th, 1841 ; m. Jan. 15th, 1858, Mary Ann Jones, (dau. of John S. and Rebecca M. (Lovelaud) Jones) b. Apr. 29th, 1848. Ch. I. Mary Ida, b. March 31st, 1869. II. Charles Stillman, b. Sept. 8th, 1870. III. George Pearl, b. Aug. 9th, 1872. IV. Fred Lewis, b. Dec. 18th, 1874. George H. Ingersol, came to Charlestown from Salem, Mass., in 1816 ; settled in South Charlestown and continued in town till 1848, when he removed to Newton, Mass. He carried on quite a large busi- ness as a distiller, and gave employment to a considerable number of hands. The name of his wife before marriage was Mary Pratt. He had two daughters, Mary and Eliza. Mary m. Calvin P. Sanger and went with him to New York. Eliza d. when about 13 or 14 years of age. Mr. Ingersol was successful in accumulating a large property. Silas T. Jacobs, (sou of Ezekiel and Susan (Swasey) Jacobs) b. in Sheffield, Vt., Feb. 23d, 1821 ; m. 1st, Louisa Snow, Sept. 28th, 1844. Ch. I. Lidian E. b. in Topsfield, Mass., Oct. 8th, 1845, m. Sept. 28th, 1867, Leonard H. Scofield, one child Lizzie. Mr. Scofield was drowned at the Upper Landing on the Connecticut River in Charlestown, Aug. 3d, 1870. He was in his 28th year. II. Blackwood, b. Apr. 3d, 1847 ; d. Nov. same year. III. Lyman E., b. 1849 ; d. 1849; IV. Louisa, b. Aug. 13th, 1854, in Milford, Mass.; m. Frank Scofield, of Springfield, Vt. Mr. Jacobs m. 2ud, Mrs. Lucinda C. Root, (dau. of Shubael and Clorinda (Bliss) Waterman), b. Aug. 22ud, 1819. He came from Hav- erhill to Charlestown in 1860. JARDINE — JOHNSON. 4-45 James E. Jaedine, b. March 22n(l, 1829 ; m. May 13th, 1856, Julia F. Parks, (dau. of Darius and Lydia Farwell (Shurtleff ) Parks,) b. Dec. 15th, 1831. Ch. I. and II. twins, Frank David and Fred Darius, b. June 17th, 1858. III. Juliette, b. Dec. 30th, 1860. IV. Jan.es Ed- gar, b. July 10th, 1865. V. Joseph Robert, b. Oct. 6th, 1868. Mr. Jardine came from Picto, Nova Scotia. Capt. James Johnson. James Johnson m. Susannah, (dau. of Lieutenant Moses and Su- sanna (Hastings) Willard) b., at Turkey Hills, in Lunenburg, Mass., Feb. 20th, 1729-30. Mrs. Johnson, in the naiTative of her captivity, gives the following account of her husband : " In the year 1730 my great-uncle, Col. Jo- siah Willard, while at Boston was invited to take a walk on Long Wharf to view some transports which had just landed from Ireland. A number of gentlemen present were viewing the exercise of some lads who were placed on shore to exhibit their activity to those who wished to purchase. My uncle spied a boy of some vivacity, of about ten years of age and who was the only one in the crew who spoke English. He bargained for him. I have never been able to learn the price ; but as he was afterwards my husband I am willing to suppose it a consider- able sum. He questioned the boy concerning his parentage and de- scent. All the information he could get was, that young James, a con- siderable time previous, went to sea with his uncle, who commanded a ship, and had the appearance of a man of property ; that this uncle was taken sick at sea and died ; immediately after his death they came in sight of this ship of Irish transports and he was put on board. His be- ing the only one of the crew who spoke English, and other circumstan- ces have led his friends to conclude that this removal on board the Irish ship was done to facilitate the sequestration of his uncle's property. He lived with Col. Willard until he was twenty years old, and then bought f the other year of his time. In 1748 Gov. Shirley gave him a Lieutenant's commission, under Edward Hartley, Esq." Mrs. Johnson and family were taken prisoners together with her sister Miriam, Peter Labaree and Ebenezer Farnsworth, on the 30th of August, 1754, and were carried to Canada. The story of their journey and captivity is one of deep interest and is now familiar to thousands who have read her graphic and exciting narrative. The manner of her capture and the subsequent circumstances of her captivity and sufferings will be best appreciated from her own description of them. But as this 446 JOHKSON. cannot be inserted on account of its great length, a brief abridgment of the facts and circumstances, as narrated by herself, must be accepted in the place of it. About the 20th of Aug., 1754, the capture of the Maloon family on the Merrimac River by the Indians became known in Charlestown, and very great excitement prevailed in consequence. Mr. Johnson was ab- sent at the time and Mrs. Johnson and the family were living in their house on. the farm, which stood at what is now the north end of the . street in the village, and which, being at about the distance of a hun- dred rods from the fort, was in a very exposed situation. It is scarcely a matter that should surprise us, therefore, that her mind should be fill- ed, as she describes it to have been, with the most fearflil apprehensions. But her husband soon returned and putting confidence in his courage and ability to protect her, all fears were thereon dismissed. But although special danger had ceased to be feared it was still no less imminent, for, on the morning of the 30th of Aug., they were sud- denly surprised by a party of eleven Indians and all the family were taken prisoners. The circumstances were these : There had been a so- cial gathering of neighbors at the house the evening previous, who be- ing very agreeably entertained with fine ripe melons and exciting bever- ages prolonged their stay to an unusually late hour. The consequence was that the family on retiring soon fell asleep and would doubtless have continued to sleep until late in the morning had they not been aroused about half way between dawn and sunrise by the loud knocking of Mr. Peter Labaree at the door, who had been engaged by Mr. Johnson for a day's work and had thus early come to commence it. On being awak- ened Mr. Johnson slipped on his jacket and trousers to go and let him in " But" to employ the language of the narrative of Mrs. Johnson, " by opening the door he opened a scene terrible to describe ; Indians ! In- dians ! were the first words I heard. He sprang to his guns, but Laba- ree, heedless of danger, instead of closing the door to keep them out be- gan to rally our hired man up stairs for not rising earlier. But, in an instant, a crowd of savages, fixed horribly for war, rushed furiously in. I screamed and begged my friends 'to ask for quarter. By this time they were all over the house ; some up stairs ; some hauling my sister (Miriam Willard) out of bed ; another had hold of me, and one was approaching Mr. Johnson, who stood in the middle of the floor to deliv- er himself up. But the Indian supposing that he would make resist- ance and be more than his match went to the door and brought three of his comrades and the four bound him. I was led to the door fainting JOHNSON. 447 and trembling. There stood my friend Labaree bound. Ebenezer Farnsworth, whom they found up chamber, they were putting in the same situation; and, to complete the shocking scene, my three little children were driven naked to the place where I stood. On viewing myself I found that I too was naked. An Indian had plundered three gowns, who, on seeing my situation, gave me the whole. I asked anoth- er for a petticoat but he refused it. After what little plunder their hur- ry would allow them to get was confusedly bundled up, we were ordered to march. After going about twenty rods we fell behind a rising ground where we halted to pack the things in a better manner. While there a savage went back, as we supposed, to fire the buildings. Farnsworth proposed to my husband to go back with him to get a quantity of pork from the cellar to help us on our journey, but Mr. Johnson prudently replied that by that means the Indians might find the rum and in a fit of intoxication kill us all. The Indian presently returned with marks of fear on his countenance and we were hurried on with violence. Two savages laid hold of each of my arms and hurried me through thorny thickets in a most unmerciful manner. I lost a shoe and suffered ex- ceedingly. We heard the alarm guns from the fort. This added new speed to the flight of the savages. They were apprehensive that soldiers might be sent for our relief When we had got a mile and a half my faintness obliged me to sit. This being observed by an Indian he drew his knife, as I supposed, to put an end to my existence, but he only cut some band by which my gown was tied and then pushed me on. My little children were crying; my husband and the other two men were bound, and my sister and myself were obliged to make the best of our way with all our might. The loss of my shoe rendered traveling extremely painful. At the distance of three miles there was a general halt. The savages sup- posing ph&t we as well as themselves might have an appetite for break- fast gave us a loaf of bread, some raisins and apples which they had taken from the house. While we were forcing down our scanty break- fast a horse came in sight known to all by the name of Scoggin, be- longing to Phineas Stevens, Esq. One of the Indians attempted to shoot him but was prevented by Mr. Johnson. They then expressed a wish to catch him, saying by pointing to me, for squaw to ride. My husband had been previously unbound to assist the children. He with two Indians caught the horse on the bank of the river. By this time my legs and feet were covered with blood, which being noticed by Mr. Labaree, he with that humanity which never forsook him, took his own 448 JOHNSON. stockings and presented them to me, and the Indians gave me a pair of moccasins. Bags and blankets were thrown over Scoggin and I mount- ed on the top of them and on we jogged about seven miles to the up- per end of Wilcott's Island. We there halted and prepared to cross the river. Rafts were made of dry timber. Two Indians and Farnsworth crossed first. -Labaree, by signs, got permission to swim the horse, and Mr. Johnson was allowed to swim by the raft, that I was on, to push it along. We all arrived safe on the other side of the river about four o'clock in the afternoon. A fire was kindled and some of their stolen kettles were hung over it and filled with porridge. The savages took delight in viewing their spoil, which amounted to forty or fifty pounds in value. They then, with a true savage yell, gave the war-whoop and bade defiance to danger. As our tarry in this place lasted an hour I had time to reflect on our miserable condition. Captives in the power of unmerciful savages, without provision and almost without clothes, in a wilderness where we must sojourn as long as the children of Israel did for aught we knew, and, what added to our distress, not one of our savage masters could understand a word of English. Here, after being hurried from home with such rapidity, I have leis- ure to inform the reader respecting our Indian masters. They were eleven in number ; all men of middle age except one, a youth of six- teen, who, on our journey discovered a very troublesome disposition. According to their national practice he who first laid hands on a pris- oner considered him his property. My master, who was the one who first took my hand when I sat on the bed, was as clever an Indian as ever I saw. He even evinced, at numerous times a disposition that showed he was by no means void of compassion. The four who took my husband claimed him as their property. And my sister, three child- ren, Labaree and Farnsworth had each a master. When the time came for us to prepare to march I almost expired at the thought of leaving my aged parents, brothers, sisters and friends and travel with savages through a dismal forest to unknown regions in the alarming situation in which I then was with three small children. The eldest, Sylvanus, was but six years old. My eldest daughter, Susanna, was four, and Polly, the other, two. My sister, Miriam, was fourteen. My husband was barefoot and otherwise thinly clad. His masters hM taken his jacket, and nothing but his shirt and trousers remained. My two daughters had nothing on but their shifts, and I only the gown that was handed me by the savages. In addition to the sufferings which arose from my own deplorable condition I could not but feel for my friend Labaree. JOHNSON. 449 He had left a wife and four small children behind to lament his loss, and to render his situation extremely unhappy. With all these misfor- tunes lying heavily upon me the reader can imagine my situation. The Indians pronounced the dreadful word "munch," march, and on we must go. I was put on the horse ; Mr. Johnson took one daughter, and Mr. Labaree, being unbound, took the other. We went six or eight miles and stopped for the night. The men were made secure by having tlieir legs put in split sticks somewhat like stocks and tied with cords which were tied to limbs of trees too high to be reached. My sister, much to her mortification, must lie between two Indians with a cord thrown over her and passing under each of them. The little children had blankets, and I had one for my use. Thus we took lodging for the night with the sky for a covering and the ground for a pillow. The fa- tigues of the preceding day obliged me to sleep for several hours in spite of the horrors which surrounded me. The Indians observed great silence and never spoke but when really necessary ; and all the prison- ers were disposed to say but little. My children were much more peaceable than could be imagined. Gloomy fear imposed a deadly silence." In the morning the prisoners were aroused before sunrise and given water gruel for breakfast when they were again compelled to start on their journey. But they had not travelled over an hour before Mrs. Johnson who before her capture was in daily expectation of being con- fined, was taken with the fiains of childbirth. This becoming known to the Indians, they signified that the party must pass on to a brook. The spot at which this was reached lies within the present limits of Cavendish. Here on a flat rock elevated a little above the bed of the stream, at about ten o'clock in the morning a daughter was born who was subsequently named Elizabeth Captive, and during that day the sad and weary mother was permitted to rest. But early the next morn- ing after a scanty breakfast of meal and water the prisoners were sum- moned to proceed. Mrs. Johnson was laid on a litter which the In- dians had prepared, which was borne by Mr. Johnson, I^abaree and Farnsworth ; while Miram Willard and little Sylvauus were put upon Scoggin, aiid the two little girls were carried on their masters' backs. In this way they proceeded about two miles when the men who carried the litter grew so faint that they found it impossible to proceed any further. This the Indians perceiving, a general halt was called, while they should take counsel what it would be best to do. After a brief consultation the Indian who claimed Mrs. Johnson made signs to her 450 JOHNSON. husband that if she could ride on the horse she might proceed, other- wise she must be left. Of course she preferred an attempt to ride to the certainty of perishing miserably and alone. But so weak was she and faint that every step of the horse almost deprived her of life. She rode an hour in this way when she had to be taken off and laid on the ground for the purpose of resting and recruiting her strength — and this had to be d.im every hour or every little while ; and in this way her life was preserved for another day which brought them to the head of Black River Pond where they encamped for the night. The next morning was foggy and cold, but after partaking of a little meal and water they were compelled again to pursue their journey. All the prisoners by this time were so exhausted with fatigue and bow- ed down with grief that they felt little disposition to talk and so moved on in silence. Their course lay through a difficult region lying some- times in miry levels, at others over steep and broken hills. Their fifth day's journey therelore became an unvaried scene of toil and fatigue. In addition to this, their provisions had failed and the two or three hunting parties which the Indians had sent out returned without any game. What were they to do ? All became seriously alarmed. They halted a little before night, having reached the height of land where the waters run into Lake Champlain, and the Indians by the aid of punk which they carried in their horns, kindled a fire, after which a plan was soon, adopted for relieving their hunger. Old Scoggin who had served them so well was shot and the best parts of him broiled and given to the prisoners. " An Epicure says Strs. Johnson in her narra- tive could not have catered nicer slices, nor in that situation have served them up with more neatness. Appetite is said to be the best sauce ; yet our abundance of it did not render savory this novel steak." The children however ate so mach that it afterwards made them sick. Broth from it flavored with roots was made for Mrs. Johnson and lit- tle Captive. All ate enough to be refreshed and their spirits were greatly revived. But Mrs. Johnson as her mind anticipated the fu- ture, passed a most unhappy night. By the aid of poor old Scoggin she had hitherto been enabled to travel ; but what was she to do now that he was gone ? Her weakness was such that to walk was impossi- ble. In the midst of a wilderness, therefore, of a hundred miles on every side in extent what could there be for her but inevitable death ? In the uiorniug which commenced the sixth day from their starting out, the Indians pounded up old Scoggin's marrow bones and made a soup. Every root that could be gathered from the woods both sweet JOHNSOX. 451 and bitter were thrown in to give it flavor. Each partook of as much as his feelings would allow when the war whoop summoned them again to march. "My fate says Mrs. Johnson was unknown till my master brought some bark and tied my petticoats as high as he supposed would be convenient for walking and ordered me to " munch." With scarce strength to stand aloue, I went on half a mile with my little son and three Indians. The rest were advanced. My power to move then failed ; the world grew dark and I dropped down. I had sight enough to see an Indian lift his hatchet over my head while my little son screamed, " Ma'am do, for they will kill you." As I fainted my last thought was that I should presently be in the world of spirits. When I awoke my master was talking angrily with the savage wiio had threat- ened my life. By his gestures I could learn that he charged him with not having acted the honorable part of a warrior by an attempt to destroy the prize of a brother. A whoop was given for a halt. My master helped me to the rest of the company where a council was held, the re- sult of which was that my husband should walk by my side and help me along. This he did for some hours. But faintness then overpow- ered me, and Mr. Johnson's tenderness and solicitude were unequal to the task of aiding me further. Another council was held. While in debate as I lay on the ground gasping for breath, my master sprung towards me with his hatchet. My husband and fellow prisoners grew pale at the sight suspecting that he by a single blow would rid themselves of so great a burden as myself. * * But his object was to get bark from a tree to make a pack saddle for my conveyance on the back of my husband. He took me up and we marched in that form the rest of the day. * * * We moved on faint and wearily till night. The Indians then yelled their war whoop, built a fire and hung over their horse broth. After supper my booth was built as usual and I re- posed much better than I had the preceding night." In the morning she found herself greatly refreshed. Nature had be- gun to provide a remedy for the weakness she had caused ; and after a breakfast of horse-steak of which she partook with no little relish, the weary daily march was again commenced and they soon arrived at a beaver pond formed in a branch of Otter Creek which they were under the necessity of wading. In attempting this Mrs. Johnson's strength failed, and without ability to move she stood motionless and stiflTened in the middle of the pond, which her husband perceiving from the op- posite shore, immediately went to her assistance, and taking her in his arms bore her safely to the other side, when the whole company stopped 452 JOHNSON. and the Indians with great humanity built a fire for the purpose of warming her and restoring her exhausted strength. In two hours they were enabled again to move on which they did uninterruptedly till about the middle of the afternoon when they came to one of the great branch- es of Otter Creek. This was very rapid and in the view of Mrs. John- son " passing dangerous." But after a little refreshment its passage was attempted and accomplished without any fatal accident though Mr. Labaree when about half way over was tripped up by the rapidi- ty of the stream and lost little Captive whom he was carrying into the water ; but was fortunately able to gain his footing in season to reach a corner of the blanket in which she was wrapped so that she was sav- ed. After they were all over the Indians built a fire at which Miriam Willard warmed the infant and very caefuUy dried its clothing. The savages being now beyond danger gave tokens of their joy by the most boistrous hallooing and yelling. They also, but whether as a diversion or a religious ceremonial, Mrs. Johnson never knew, taught their prisoners to dance. Each of them also was taught a song. Mrs. Johnson's was, " Danna vdtchee nachepung. That of little Sylvanus was, Narwiscumpton." Of the titles of the others we are not informed. But if these things were a diversion to the Indians they do not appear to have been so to the prisoners, as Mrs. Johnson informs us that they were "very painful and oflfensive." ''Here says Mrs. Johnson, in the forenoon we were visited by seven Indians who were received with great joy by our Masters, who took great pleasure in introducing their prisoners. The war dance was again held. We were obliged to join and sing our songs while the Indians rent the air with infernal yelling. We then embarked and arrived at Crown Point about noon. Each prisoner was then led by his master to the residence of the French Commander. * * ' We were ordered to his apartment and used with that hospitality which characterizes the best part of the nation. We had brandy in profusion, a good dinner, and a change of linen. This was luxury indeed after what we had sufiered for want of these things. None but ourselves could prize their value. We after dinner were paraded before Mr. Commander and underwent examination ; after which we were shown a convenient apartment, where we resided four days not subject to the jurisdiction of our savage masters. Here we received great civilities and many presents. I had a nurse who in a great measure restored my exhausted strength. My children were all decently clothed, and my infant in particular. The first day while I was taking a nap, they dressed it so fantastically a la France that I JOHNSON. 453 refused to own it, when brought to niy bedside, not guessing that I was the mother of such a strange thing." The remainder of this history must be briefly told. And only that which particularly relates to Mr. and Mrs. Johnson will be referred to here as the incidents relating to Mr. Labaree, Mr. Farnsworth, and Miriam Willard, will be given under their own names. On the fourth day after their arrival at Crown Point the prisoners were delivered to their Indian masters, when the whole company embarked in one ves- sel for St. Johns. They had not sailed far before on account of the shifting of the wind, it became necessary to cast anchor. While lying thus a canoe containing a white woman, who was bound for Al- bany, came alongside by whom Mr. Johnson forwarded a letter to Col- onel Lydius of that place. This contained some particulars of their situation and which afterwards being published in the Boston papers gave to their New England friends, the first information of their safety. After a disagreeable voyage of three days, they arrived at St. Johns, on the 16th of September, where they experienced once more the po- liteness of the French Commander. From this place they passed on to Chamblee where in the garrison they found all the hospitality their necessities required. " Here says Mrs. Johnson, for the first time after our captivity, I lodged on a bed. Brandy was handed about in large bowls and we lived in fine style." But the next morning they were carried in the canoes of the Indians to Sorelle — From thence they were taken to St. Francis which was the home of their masters, and the head quarters of the tribe of that name. Mr. Johnson was allowed to remain only a few days at St. Francis, before he was taken to Montreal to be sold. Soon after "his arrival at this place, a parole of two months was granted him that he might re- turn home and obtain the means of redemption. By applying to the Assembly of New-Hampshire, he obtained after some time, one hun- dred and fifty pounds sterling. But the season was so far advanced and the winter so severe, that he did not reach Canada till Spring. He was then accused of breaking his parole, and a great part of his money was taken from him by violence. He was then shut up with a part of his family in prison, where he took the small pox. He was re- tained in prison three years, when he and his son Sylvanus were per- mitted to return to New England. On arriving at Boston he had no sooner landed than he was put under guard on suspicion of not having performed his duty in the redemption of the Canada prisoners, which 454 JOHNSON. suspicion was occasioned by his remissness in producing his vouchers. But the following certificate procured his liberty. " This is to certify whom it may concern that the bearer Lieutenant James Johnson inhabitant in the town of Charlestown in the Province of New -Hampshire in New England, who, together with his family, was taken by the Indians on the 30th of August, 1754, has ever since continued a steady and faithful subject to his Majesty King George, and has used his utmost endeavors to redeem his family and all others belonging to the Province aforesaid that were in the hands of the French and Indians which he cannot yet accomplish, and that both himself and family have undergone innumerable hardships and afflic- tions since they have been prisoners in Canada. In testimony of which we, the subscribers officers in his Britannic Majesty's service and now prisoners of war at Quebec, have thought it necessary to grant him this certificate and do recommend him as an object worthy of aid, and compassion of every honest Englishman. Signed, Peter Shuylee, Andrew Watkins, William Martin, William Padgett. Quebec, Sept. 16th, 1757. Mrs. Johnson, with her two youngest daughters and her sister Mir- iam Willard, after remaining in captivity eighteen months, were con- veyed in a cartel ship to England, and arrived in New York on the 10th of December, 1757. Mrs. Johnson in her narrative says, " After his (Mr. Johnson's) dis- mission from the guards in Boston, he proceeded directly to Charles- town. When within fifteen miles of Springfield, he was met by a gen- tleman, who had just before seen me, who gave him the best news he could have heard. Although it was then late at night, he lost not a moment. At two o'clock in the morning of the 1st of Jan- uai-y, 1758, 1 again embraced my dearest friend, Happy New Year I With pleasure would I describe my emotions of joy, could language paint them sufficiently forcible ; but the feeble pen shrinks from the task." Mr. Johnson a few days after this meeting, set out for New York to adjust his accounts in Canada. On his journey he was pursuaded by JOHNSON. 455 Gov. Pownal to take a Captain's commission and join the forces bound for Ticonderoga, where he fell at the breast work on the 8th of July following, in the battle that proved also fatal to Lord Howe. This commission was dated at Boston, March 30th, 1758, in the 31st year of the reign of His Majesty, George the Second. He was commissioned to be Captain of a company in the battalion of light infantry, to be formed out of the forces then raised by the Govern- or, for a general invasion of Canada, commanded by Colonel Oliver Patridge. Thomas Putnam of Charlestown — afterwards Dea. Thomas Putnam, was in his company as a sergeant, and gave the following account of the manner in which he was killed. He says " On the 8th of July, 1758, Capt. Johnson's company was ordered on the left wing of the army, and we arrived within gunshot of the breast work, when the en- emy fired upon us. We in turn fired at them, whenever we had a chance to get sight of their heads above the breast work, till we had discharged a dozen or more shots, at which time the firing appeared to cease on the part of the enemy. Immediately the enemy hoisted a flag, which was supposed by Capt. Johnson and others, to be a signal that they were about to give up to our array. A part of his company being still at some distance to the left, Capt. Johnson ordered rae to go immediately to the left, to have those cease firing, saying with joy ' The day (or battle) is ours.' I immediately set out climbing over brush, trees, and logs, lying eight or ten feet from the ground ; when stepping on a tree some rods distanrje from where I left Capt. Johnson, there was a full volley fired from the enemy. I escaped from being wounded, a ball only grazing my hat. I let myself down as soon as I could, and made the best way possible to escape their fire. I soon found some of my companions that were with Capt. Johnson, who gave me the melancholy tidings of his being shot through the head and of his having expired instantly on the spot wliere I had left him. His body was left on the ground, but his arms and equipage, together with some of his clothing were brought off". I was acquainted with him from my youth — knew him in the former war when a Lieutenant under the command of Edward Hartwell, Esq., posted "at Lunenburg, Town- send, and Narragansett, No. 2 the adopted country of La Fayette and a multitude who have immortalized their names, &c., &c. But how am I going to subsist in this .blessed country, ' God only knows.' " The Doctor was at this' time ignorant of the English language, thinly clad and with only forty dollars in his pocket. He boarded for a few days at the hotel of Mr. Pool, at a charge of one dollar per day. He could not rest quietly under this contraction of his finances and diligently sought employment. Ascertaining that Mrs. Sarah Dejean, the wife of the former French Vice Consul at New Loudon, would take the Doctor to board at three dollars per week, he made his home at her house. The Doctor describes this house as being " neat as wax " and the lady as possessing "a melancholy countenance but the most agreeable figure and manners." In this connection the Doctor says : " Poor woman, her husband was then in the prison at Jamaica and she had to support by her industry an aged mother and three small children; Jus- tus, by her first husband, (Starr) who had been first Lieutenant of Cap- tain Barney (who commanded a privateer) and had been taken and Lad died in the prison at Jamaica, and Joseph and Sally by Mr. De- jean. But her fortitude always surmounted her adversity and she did get a decent living. I went to the French Vice Consul and reported myself as a victim of the Revolution, and was received with great cor- diality. He sent me to Saybrook to oversee the men who were rafting timber for the French Eepublic and paid my board there." From November, 1794, till March, 1795, the Doctor was employed as a French Translator in a printing oflice in Philadelphia, and board- ed with a Mr. Waterman, a respectable Quaker. Becoming dissatis- fied he returned to New London and boarded again with Mrs. Dejean. During the year 1796, he received information of the death of his wife and the destruction of his property by the Blacks, and Mrs. De- jean information of the death of her husband in a prison at Jamaica. Ou the first day of January, 1797, Doctor Pelouze and Mrs. Sarah De- jean were married " a union formed (as he expresses it) by no other motives than a reciprocal love and esteem." It will not be inappropriate for the purposes of this sketch, to make at this point a brief recital of a few important events in the life of the Doctor's wife, to conclude this period of our narrative. Mrs. Sarah Pelouze was- born in Middletown, Connecticut, in the year 1761. Her maiden name was Fosdick. She received a common PELOUZB. 511 school education which was improved by the precepts of pious parents. Sarah was visiting relatives in Boston when, the American Revolution began, and during some of the most momentous events in the annals of American history, including the destruction of the tea in the harbor, and the battles of Concord, Lexington and Buuker Hill. Doctor Pelouze says of her : " How often she has spoken to me of all that with a patriotic animation, her eyes picturing her soul." After the acknowledgment of the American Independence, Sarah re- turned to Middletown, and at the age of eighteen years, married Jus- tus Starr, a young Captain or Lieutenant of a privateer, by whom she had a son named Justus. During the second cruise made by Captain Starr, he was captured and confined in a British prison in the AVest Indies, where he soon died leaving his widow, not yet twenty years old, with her small child. Mrs. Starr moved to New London, Connecticut, a seaport town which by reason of the war in Europe, was in a flourishing condition, and while there, received the attentions of an accomplished gentleman. Colonel Dejean, who was the French Vice Consul. Colonel Dejean was many years the senior of Mrs. Starr, and had no other income than that derived from his salary. Mrs. Starr Avas married to Colonel Dejean, and they resided in New London a few years, giving birth to two children, named Joseph aid Sally. A short time before the massacre of the unfortunate inhabitants of Hispaniola, by the Blacks, Colonel Dejean was ordered by the French Republic to take his station at Puerto Principe. He had not been there a year, when the massacre took place. To preserve the life of his wife, she was conveyed to an American vessel in the harbor, com- manded by Captain Buckley, of New London, where she remained for three months an involuntary spectator of murders and fires on the shore of almost daily occurrence. Mrs. Dejean returned on this vessel to New London, her husband by the requirements of his office, being obliged to remain. Mrs. Dejean is decribed at this time as being " h handsome, healthy and industrious woman." With her family of little ones depending on her for support, she open- ed a boarding house. In course of time information was received that her husband had been taken by the British and their allies, the ne- groes, and confined in a prison in Jamaica ; and subsequently the sad tidings were received of his death. Ou the 5th of November, 1797, Mrs. Pelouze gave, birth to a son. 512 PELOUZB. Edmund^ and soon after the birth of this child, and by reason of de- pression of business, Doctor and family moved from New London to Poqupnock, a parish of West Windsor, Connecticut, where he very soon acquired a large and successful practice. On the 22nd of March, 1799, a second son was born and named Edward. The Doctor appears to have been very happy and contented with his home associations and professional practice in Windsor, and men- tions with great regret, his having yielded to the solicitation of his brother-in-law, Mr. John Atkins, who was making him a visit, to move»to Charlestown, New-Hampshire. In May, 1801, the Doctor and family left Windsor for Charlestown, and the journey was an un- fortunate one, for while descending a steep hill at Northampton, Mrs, Pelouze fell out of a wagon with her two children and broke her wrist; the children, however, were picked up between the wheels with- out injury. On arriving in Charlestown the family resided for three months with Mr. George Atkins, brother of John, and then moved into Captain George Hubbard's house on the border of Charlestown, now called Claremont. On the 26th of January, 1802, a third child, Sophia, was born. While at Claremont, the Doctor was very successful in his medical practice, and soon acquired means sufficient to purchase of Mr. Amos Johnson, who was a brother-in-law of John and George Atkins, the property situated in Charlestown at the forks of the road near Ox-brook, and where, on the 23rd of March, 1807, his son Lewis was born. The Doctor's practice extended over a considerable area of country, including Windsor, Claremont, Unity, Langdon, Springfield, Weathers- field and Charlestown village ; and his friends, Drs. Hastings, Eoby and Batchelor, were the practitioners with whom he most frequently con- sulted in extreme cases. At this period of life, he is represented as being very gentle and amiable in the sick-room, and as possessing the good sense of knowing when to make his remedies conform to the humor of the patient. He believed in prescribing a diet and regimen to aid the various fiinctions in the human body. His practice was often in close alliance with the cook's. In this connection, the following incident is narrated : A physician of good standing, and who evidently did not carry the diet theory into his practice, had exhausted his knowledge of pharmacy in experiments on a patient who was sufiering from a chronic disease. Finding that the sick man was growing worse in spite of all the drugs PELOTJZE. 513 he had taken, and believing the case beyond the cure of medicine, he was given up to die. Dr. Pelouze was then called in, and, after ascertaining the character of the disease, he found, so great was the patient's tenacity of life, that great quantities and varieties of drugs had failed to kill him ; yet it was too evident the man's recuperative powers were very far exhausted and that a little more medicine might end his days. The Doctor, in this emergency, prescribed nothing but "carefully prepared bean porridge," taken at first in small quantities, at certain intervals, and subsequently in quantities as large as the patient desired. The sick man commenced to gain slowly, and afterwards rapidly, and it was not long before he was able to perform a good day's work. The Doctor was a man of social inclinations, and particularly fond of the society of young persons. An excellent education, a cheerful temperament and a retentive memory, added to the varied experience of an eventful life, and a fund of anecdotes, more or less humorous, made him and his home very at- tractive. The French accent which accompanied his narratives seems to have rendered them the more charming. The substance of a little story which he tells on himself is repeated here,. without any implication that he believed in the communication of intelligence from, the world of spirits by means of physical phenomena. About the close of twilight, on a winter's day, and while returning from a visit on a patient, his route took him by the grave-yard, which, it will be remembered, was then located near the farm of Mr. Walter Converse. While much absorbed in his own reflections, the horse he was -tiding suddenly gave evidences of great fright. The animal trem- bled, then shied and backed, and persistently resisted eveiy effort of its rider to urge it onward. Prompted by curiosity not unmingled with some alarm, the Doctor gazed through the partial darkness for a cause, when his eyes became fixed on an object, within the grave-yard, of such questionable shape as to harrow up his soul, — an object much excelling the height of mortal man and enveloped apparently in a long white shroud. The Doctor's excitement now fully equalled that of his horse. He spoke to the object, challenged it, and threatened to shoot it, and each time he did so the very air was set in motion, and it bowed to him as an evidence that it comprehended what was said to it. , The Doctor drew his pistol and fired at it ; the noise of the discharge startled his horse and good time was made to Mr. Converse's house. The 514 PKLOUZE. neighbors were informed of the occurence and soon communicated it to the village. The same night a crowd gathered with lanterns and pro- ceeded to the grave-yard and found that the Doctor had shot a pine tree enveloped in snow, and the iJullet mark was traced through its very cen- tre. The Doctor shared heartily in the laugh which followed at his own expense and the crowd declared him to be a capital shot. The Doctor continued to live in his house, on Ox-brook, till the year 1822, when, yielding to certain inducernents, he moved with his family to Boston, Massachusetts. His property, at the time of his departure was purchased by Mr. Robert Rand, a merchant, who, subsequently, sold it to Captain John Metcalf, by whom the buildings now standing were erected. On the death of Captain Metcalf the property passed to the ownership of Mr. Redfield, subsequently to that of Mr. Charles Barker, and, in 1859 or 1860, was purchased by Lewis Pelouze, the youngest son of the Doctor, who was born on the place. The Doctor resided in Boston twelve years, during which time he prac- tised his profession; occasionally gave instruction in the French lan- guage, and made not unfrequent visits to Charlestown. He returned to Charlestown about 1834 and resided in the vicinity of the village. Doctor Pelouze considered his departure from Charlestown as a most unfortunate change, for, during his residence in Boston, he became quite deaf and his general health very much impaired. He was glad to re- turn to^North Charlestown. , At this period he was nearly seventy years of age and never afterwards enjoyed that degree of health necessary for the active duties of his profession. A brief period after his return his wife commenced to decline, from a dropsical affection, and after three or more years of painful sickness, died October 26th, 1839, leaving, the Doctor, as he expresses it, " old, infirm and disconsolate." Thus died a companion and wife for forty-two years ; a woman ever cheerful and patient, possessing an unusual share of common sense ; always ready to cover the faults of others with a mantle of charity; an every day Christian, a noble and affectionate wife and mother. She was a sweet rallying point around which affection and obedience and a thousand ten- der associations centered, and dreary was the blank when her spirit took its flight. During the following six years the Doctor lived with his eldest son, Edmund, and divided his time either among his books and neighbors or in visits to his wife's grave. Early in December, 1845, feeling that his decline was near at baud, he wished to see all of his children, and ac- cordingly left Charlestown for Boston ; visiting first, his daughter Sophia, PELOUZE. 515 next, his son Edward, in New- York, and lastly, his son Lewis, in Phila- delphia, at whose home he arrived December 24th, 1845. Shortly after his arrival in Philadelphia he was attacked with a disease consequent upon old age, and died January 14th, 1846, at 11.30, P. M., surround- ed by loving hearts. The Doctor was always a student. Beside keeping pace with the progress made in the practice of medicine he found time for a careful Study of the Bible, the results of which have been preserved in manu- script form, and are replete with utterences of his profound faith in God and of the Christian's hope of an endless and more exalted life. A study of the Doctor's writings gives one an excellent idea of his inflexible spirit of independence in maintaining what he believed to be right, for when his judgment was convinced he never faltered. His views were from a broad and comprehensive standpoint; and it is noted that in all his conclusions, particularly on religious subjects, his reasons therefor are given at length. It may be remembered that when the Doctor arrived in this_ country, a paroled prisoner, he was ignorant of the English language, yet his persistent tenacity soon acquired for him a sufficient knowledge of the language for all practical purposes, and later in life his writings show'how truly he had mastered it. Discipline generally kept a naturally quick temper under control, yet explosions of passionate feeling would sometimes take place, and during these the Doctor would, in giving vent to the same, indulge in French invectives, which fell more or less harmless for the reason that their meaniug was 'seldom understood. >» The Doctor was fond of music; indeed it was not only one of his studies but a fevorite pastime. The violin was his instrument. Judg- ing from the character of some of his music, published in 1776, and now in possession of the family, one would conclude his musical knowledge and talent to be very creditable. Since writing the sketch of the Doctor's early life, the writer has come into possession of an incident which will serve as another illustration of ' his humorous propensities. There are many now living who may re- member that the Doctor devoted much personal time and labor to the cultivation of his garden, which, in the quality of its production's was second to none in the village; and that- he had the reputation of raising the best melons in the country. It appears that the family did not reap all the benefits to which they were entitled, from these melons, by reason of the fact that they would disappear in some mysterious way from the garden just about the time they reached perfection. To solve this mys- 616 PBLOUZB. « tery the Doctor, one evening, opened the two most tempting of these melons in the garden, and injected in each a quantity of an emetic. Early next morning these two melons were missing. The Doctor was about to seat himself for breakfast when a messenger, with considerable alarm, announced that a neighbor's son was suffering great agony from an imsettled stomach, &c. As the Doctor was preparing to answer this summons a similar one was received from another direction. The Doc- tor made the visits and administered, good naturedly, the necessary rem- edies in each case. The mother of one of the boys was inquisitive enough to ask the nature of the complaint, and the Doctor replied that he would call it " melon fever," a disease not likely to occur again. Dr. Edmund Pelouze, married Mrs. Sarah Dejean at New Lon- don, Connecticut, January 1st, 1787, and had the following children. I. Edmund Pelouze, jr., born at New London, Conn., Nov. 6th, 1797. II. Edward Pelouze, born at West Windsor, Conn., March 22nd, 1799. III. Sophia Pelouze, born at Claremont, N. H., January 26th, 1802. IV. Lewis Pelouze, born at North Charkstown, N. H., March 23d, 1807. Edmund Pelouze, jr., married Miss Mathilda Corbin, at Charlestown N. H., Feb. 22st, 1819, with the following descent. l._ Francis O., born in Charlestown, N. H., Dec. 7th, 1821. 2. Charles Nelson, born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 22nd, 1824 ; served during the Mexican War also as an officer in New Jersey volunteers, during the war of the Re- bellion. 3. Sophia M., born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 1st, 1830. Fran- . cis, the first child, married Charles V. Barker, of Unity, N. H., No- vember 12th, 1839, and the record of their descent is as follows. (1) Eunice M. Barker, born in Manchester, N. H., Sept. 20th, 1841. (2) Sophia F. Barker, boru in Charlestown, N. H., Sept. 15th, 1845. (8) Etta M. Barker, born in Claremont, N. H., June 23d, 1847. (4) Hen- ry Lewis Barker, born in Unity, N. H., July 26th, 1851. (6) Joseph- ine M. Barker, born in Unity, N. H., July 14th, 1855 ; and died at Charlestown, N. H.^ July 3d, 1860. Eunice M. Barker, first child of • Charles V., and Francis (Pelouze) Barker, married Charles F. Stearns, of Massachusetts, Sept. 20th, 1860, and the record of their descent is as follows. [1] William H. Stearns, born in North Charlestown, N. H., Sept. 14th, 1864. [2] Harry L. Stearns, born in Stratford, Vt., October 20th, 1865 ; and died at South Boston, July 15th, 1866. [3] Eldridge J. Stearns, born in South Boston, Mass., March 14th, 1867. Sophia F. Barker, second child of Charles V., and Francis (Pelouze) Barker, married Henry L. Hartshorn, of New York, March PELOUZE. 517 20th,, 1868, and their daughter, Sophia Hartshorn, was born in North Charlestown, N. H., Oct. 15th, 1869. Etta M. Barker, third dau. of Charles V., and Francis (Pelouze) Barker, married David E. Far- well, of North Charlestown, N. H., March 20th, 1869. Charles Nel- son Pelouze, second child of Edmund Pelouze, jr., and Mathilda (Cor- bin) Pelouze, married Edith Fronefield, of Philadelphia, Pa., January 2nd, 1850 ; and the record of their descent is as follows. (1) Edmund Newhall Pelouze, born in Philadelphia, Pa., January 2nd, 1851, and married Miss Rosella Mattix, of Camden, N. J., Apr. 10th, 1870. (2) Franklin P. Pelouze, born. Aug. 7th, 1852, in Philadelphia, Pa.,— mar- ried Miss Laura Virginia Vernon, of Camden, N. J., Aug. 11th, 1872; one child, Katie May, born May 28th, 1873, at Camden, N. J. (3) Katie Pelouze, born Apr. 8th, 1854, at Philadelphia, Pa., and died June llth^ 1868, at Camden, N.J. (4) Charles Nelson Pelouze, jr. born July 11th, 1856, at Philadelphia Pa. Sophia M. Pelouze, third child of Edmund Pelouze jr., and Mathilda (Corbin) Pelouze, married Luther H. Butterfield, of Tyngsboro, Mass., November 29th, 1850, and the following is their descent : (1) Frank L. Butterfield, born in Tyngsboro, Mass., Nov. 19th, 1851. (2) Charles Butterfield b. in Low- ell, Mass., June 3d, 1855, and died in Lowell, Mass., May 26th, 1856 ; (3) Josephine A. Butterfield, b. in Lowell, Mass., May 12th, 1857 ,* and died in Lowell, Mass., June 13th, 1858*; (4) Katie M. Butterfield, b. in Lowell, Mass., Oct. 21st, 1862. Edward Pelouze, second son of Dr. Edmund Pelouze and Sarah (I^ejean) Pelouze, m. Miss Harriet Maria Thompson, of New York, in October, 1818, and the record of their descent is as follows : — 1. William Henry Pelouze, b. at Charlestown, N. H., Sept. 15th, 1819, and died at Boston, Mass., 1825 ; 2. Harriet Maria Pelouze, b. at Bos- ton, Mass., Oct. 22nd, 1822 ; 3. Edward Dalton Pelouze. b. at Boston, Mass., Oct. 2nd, 1824 ; and killed at Reams Station, Aug. 25th, 1864 ; (a Captain in the Union Army of the War of the rebellion.) 4. George Washingtown Pelouze, b. at Boston, Mass., Oct., 1826 ; and died Dec, 1830 ; 5. William Starr Pelouze, b. in Boston, Mass., Sept. 15th, 1828; 6. Henry Lafayette Pelouze, b. in New York, March 5th, 1831. Har- riet Maria Pelouze, second child of Edward Pelouze and Harriet Ma- ria (Thompson) Pelouze, married Charles Henry Hartshorn, of Bos- ton, Mass., at Brooklyn, N. Y., June 16th, 1841. Charles Henry Hartshorn, died in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1855. The following is the record of their descent. (1) Henry Langley Hartshorn, born in New York, March 20th, 1843 — and served during the Rebellion — an officer 518 PELOTTZE. in N. Y. Volunteers. (2) Charles Edward Hartshorn, born in New York, Sept. 28th, 1845, and died February 15th, 1862 (killed in bat- tle of Fort Donaldson, a member of 8th Ills. Vols.) (3) Francis Jackson Hartshorn, born in Cambridge, Mass., June 5th, 1849. (4) William Maekey Hartshorn, born at Boston, Mass., January 11th, 1851. Henry Langley Hartshorn, the first child of Charles H., and Harriet Maria (Pelouze) Hartshorn, married Sophia F. Barker, of Charlestown, N. H., March 20th, 1868, and their daughter, Sophia Hartshorn, was born in North Charlestown, N. H, October 15th, 1869. William Maekey Hartshorn, fourth child of Charl&s fl. and Harriet M. (Pel- ouze) Hartshorn, married Miss Fannie Louise Durant, of Lebanon, N. H., Nov. 5th, 1872. Edward Dalton Pelouze, third child of Ed- ward Pelouze and Harriet Maria (Thompson) Pelouze, married Su- san Almira Cole, of Brooklyn, N. Y., Oct. 2nd, 1845. Edward Pel- ouze, died (killed in battle at Reams Statipn, Va., Aug. 25th, 1864, captain New York Vols.) The following is the record of their de- scent. (1) Edward Pelouze, jr., born at Philadelphia, Pa., July 14th, 1846. (2) Theodore L. Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 23d, 1848, and died April 16th, 1849. (3) Almina Pelouze, born in Brook- lyn, N. Y., Jan. 20th, 1850. (4) Evelina W. Pelouze, born in Brook- lyn, N. Y., Feb. 5th, 1855, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 23d, 1863. (5) Richard F. Pelouze, born in Camden, N. J., Sept. 21st, 1857. (6) Fannie M. Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 29th, 1860. (7) Willie H. Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, NY., Nov.-28d, 1864, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Dec. 23d, 1866. Edward Pelouze, jr., first child of Edward Dalton Pelouze and Susan Almira (Cole) Pelouze, married Miss Anne B. Sayrs, of Camden, N. J., December 23d, 1868, and the following is the record of their descent. [1] Almi- na S. Pelouze, born in Chicago, 111., Feb. 15th, 1870, and died at Chi- cago, 111., June 24th, 1870. [2] Edward Leon Pelouze, born in Chi- cago, 111. Apr. 2iid, 1871, and died at Chicago, 111., May 9th, 1871. [3] Edward Albert Pelouze, born in Camden, N. J., Oct. 13th, 1872. [4] George Ripley Pelouze, born in Camden, N. J., Jan. 5th, 1875. Almina Pelouze, third child of Edward Dalton Pelouze and Susan Al- mina (Cole) Pelouze, married Wm. B. Ripley, of Massachusetts, Aug. 18th, 1866. William Starr Pelouze, fifth child of Edward Pelouze and Harriet Maria (Thompson) Pelouze, was married to Miss Laura Loud, of Maine, October, 1854 (no children). Henry Lafayette Pe- louze, youngest i^on of Edward Pelouze and Harriet Maria (Thompson) Pelouze, was married to Miss Eliza Jane Tuthill, of Brooklyn, N. Y., PELOUZE. 519 March 5th, 1851, and the following is the record of their descent. (1) Frank H. Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 17th, 1852. (2) Isabel Delphene Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 6th, 1854. (3) Winfield T. Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y, Aug. 27th, 1856, and died March 12th, 1859. (4) Jennie Maria Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 8th, 1859, and died Jan. 29th, 1859. (5) George Henry Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 8thj 1859, and died January 8th, 1859.. - (6) Jennie Louisa Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 26th, 1860. (7) Jesse Gaylor Pelouze, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 26th, 1860, and died June 4th, fSGl. (8) Edward Craige Pelouze, born in Richmond, Va., July 26th, 1870. Sophia Pelouze, third child of Dr. Edmund Pelouze, and Sarah (Dejean) Pelouze, was married to Michael Dalton, of Boston, Mass., Sept. 7th, 1823. Sophia (Pelouze) Dalton, died in Boston, Mass., Ju- ly 24th, 1868. The following is the record of their descent. 1. Henry L. Dalton, b. in Bostoff, Mass., Oct. 10th, 1825 ; 2. William F. Dal- ton, b. in Boston, Mass., July 1st, 1827, and died at Boston, Mass., April 2nd, 1871. Henry L. Dalton, first child of Michael Dalton, and Sophia (Pelonze) Dalton married Miss Mary G. Parker, in Boston, Mass., May 16th, 1847, and the following is the record of their descent (1) Fannie E. IMton, b. in Boston, Mass., Nov. 28th, 1848 ; (2) Mary S. Dalton, b. in Boston, Mass., Jan. 7th, 1855. William F. Dalton, second child of Michael Dalton and Sophia (Pelouze) Dalton, married Miss Jennie Cady, of Mass., in 1853., Lewis Pelouze, youngest child of Dr. Edmund Pelouze and Sarah (Dejean) Pelouze,^arried Miss Ann Mc Daniel, of Philadelphia, Penn., July 29th, 1830. Lewis Pelouze died in Philadelphia, Pa., Mar. 5th, 1876. The following is the record of their descent. 1. Louis H. Pelouze b. in Philadelphia, Pa., May 30th, 1831 ; (served during the war of the Rebellion an officer in U. S. Army.) 2. Sophia Ann Pelouze b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 12th, 1832, and died at Philadelphia, Pa., June 7th, 1856. 3. John Atkins Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 16th, 1834, and died in Washington, D. C, Aug. 18th, 1875. 4. Eliza De J. Pelouse, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 17th, 1835, and died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 26th, 1867. 5. Mary Louisa Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., March 23d, 1838, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 3d, 1840. 6. Sarah Louisa Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 6th, 1841 ; 7. Edward Pejouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 3d, 1843, and died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 22nd, 1844. 8. Ann Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 5th, 1845, and died in Philadelphia, Pa., 520 PELOUZE — PEKRY. July 14th, 1845. Louis H. Pelouze,* first child of Louis Pelouze and Ann (Mc Daniel) Pelouze married Miss Ellen Doolittle, of New York June 13th, 1857, and the following is the record of their descent : — (1) Minnie Eliza Pelouze, b. at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, March 31st, 1858 ; (2) Kate Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., July 7th, 1861 ; (3) Lewis Pelouze jr., b. at Fort Monroe, Va., Sept. 10th, 1863 ; (4) "William Nelson Pelouze, b. at Washington, D. C, Sept. 12th, 1865 ; (5) Frederick Pelouze, b. at Detroit, Mich., Aug. 6th, 1869 ; Sophia Ann Pelouze, second child of Lewis Pelouze and Ann ■ (Mc Daniel) Pelouze, married James R. Elliott, at Philadelphia, Pa., March 22nd, 1855, and their child Ellen Sophia Elliott, was born at Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 8th, 1856, and died in Philadelphia, Pa., April, 1861. John Atkins Pelouze, third child of Louis Pelouze and Ann (Mc Daniel) Pelouze, married Anne B. Scott, of Philadelphia, Pa., ■ February, 16th, 1859, and the following is the record of their descent. (1) Sophia Louisa Pelouze, b. in Philadeljlhia Pa., Nov. 22nd, 1859 ; (2) Mary Ella Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 19th, 1862 ; (3) Lewis Henry Pelouze, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 17th, 1867 ; (4) Eugene Pelouze, b. in Georgetown, D. C, July 25th, 1868. Sarah Louisa Pelouze, sixth child of Lewis Pelouze and Ann (Mc Daniel) Pelouze, married Benjamin F. Grubb, of Pliiladelphm, Pa., Jan. 24th, 1859, and the following is the record of their descent. (1) Edmund Pelouze Grubb, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 11th, 1859 ; (2) Mary Alida Grubb, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 23d, 1861 ; (3) Sallie Koons Grubb, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 14th. 1868. Samuel Perey, b. Sept. 19th, 1757, was the §rst of the name of Perry who settled in Charlestown. He married Hannah Watkins, b. May 30th, 1764, and settled near the north line of the town, where his descendants still continue to reside. Their children were, I. Roswell, b. Oct. 7th, 1784; d. April 15th, 1803; II. Matilda, b. Oct. 12th, 1786; d. Sept. 1795; III. Alpheus, b. Dec. 18th, 1788 ; d. Dec. 18th, 1814; IV. Tryposa, b. April 7th, 1891 ; d. Aug. 1792; V. Samuel jr., b. March 10th, 179-3 ; m. Phebe Westcott, Nov., 1815, had seven children and died in "Wisconsin, 1872. "VI. Charles, b. April 23d, 1795 ; m. Polly Putnam, of Claremont, Nov. 22d, 1821. She died in Charles- town. He went to Cleveland Ohio, to live with his son, and died there. VII. "Willard, b. June 7th, 1798; d. Aug. 31st, 1807. « * Adjutant General in the U. S. A ; -served as General in the rebellion ; was wounded. PEKRT — PHILLIPS. 521 , VIII. Ira, b. May 31st, 1800, m. Jan. 6th, 1821, Esther Meacham, (dau. of James and Polly (Rhodes) Meacham,) b. Jan. 19th, 1801. Ch. 1 Alpheus, b. Dec. 25th, 1821 ; m. Nov. 4th, 1845, Susan Way, (dau. of Leonard and Olive (Graves) Way of Lempster,) b. Mar. 8th, 1821. Ch. (1) Edward, R., b. Aug. 3d, 1846, in Claremont ; m. Jan. 18th, 1871, Abby F. Sargent, (dau. of Winthrop and Mary Ann (Col- by) Sargent of Claremont,) b. Jan. 8th, 1852 ; one child, b. Aug. 14th, 1872. Edward R. Perry settled in Charlestown, Apr. 1st, 1871. (2) Louisa A., b. Sept. 12th, 1848. (3) Ella E., b. Nov. 20th, 1852. (4) Mary E., b. Apr. 15th, 1861. 2 Ashbel M., b. Aug. 7tb, 1823 ; m. Dec. ' 8th, 1846, Caroline Locke, (dau. of Henry and Artemesia (Westcott) Locke), b. June 17th, 1825. He was a merchant in Cleaveland, O., where he d. Dec. 24th, 1863. Ch. (1) James E., b. Oct. 17th, 1847. He is now (Feb. 1876) with his mother in Germany. (2) Charles, d. in California. 3. Cordelia, b. Sept. 11th, 1827 ; m. Henry L. Hubbard of Claremont, Jan. 8th, 1846. Ch. (1) Edward, (2) Fred not living. (3) Etta Ann ; 4. Edwin, b.. March 26th, 1829 ; d. July 3d, 1838. 5. Ira Mortimer, b. June 26th, 1831 ; m. Jan. 1st, 1855, Martha J. Bailey, (dau. of Eliphalet an one child, George, b. Jan. 21st, 1855 ; m. 2nd, John Adams (see Adams). VII. Jerusha, b. Apr. 5th, 1853 ; m. James D. Cheever, lives in Sur- jy, N. H.; has three children. ;■,'•. John Reckaed settled in Charlestown in 1798. He had previously m. Sally Chamberlain. Ch. I. Sally, m. William Dunsmoor ; she d. : after having two children. II. Rebecca, became the 2nd wife of Wil- liam Dunsmoor. III. Mary,,m. James Carriel (see Carriel). IV. Ro- salinda, m. Sandford Winter (see Winter). V. Orilla, m. Elihu Ran- cesviUe — lived in Unity, had four children, two sons, and two daugh- ters. VI. Peter, d. in infancy. 1 'WiLiLiAM Redfield. The famUy may be traced back for five gen- erations. He was son of William and Susannah (Rockwell) Redfield, of Middletown, Conn. His father b. Aug. 9th, 1725, enter'ed very ear- ly upon a seafaring life. He was however, during several years of the Revolutionary war, engaged as a non-commissioned officer in the Con- necticut Militia in which he faithfully served his country, and at the termination of the war was honorably discharged. (His grand-son has in his posession the original warrant creating him a Sergeant.) After EEDFIELD. '*' 535 the -war he went to sea again as master of a vessel and -was lost near Bermuda while comparatively a young man. He left a widow and two children — ^Mehitabel, b., in 1781 and who d. in 1804, and William, the subject of this memoir. His widow lived with her son in Charlestown, and died at a very advanced age. The grandi^ather of William Redfield, also named William, was b. Dec. 5th, 1727. He too was a sea captain and resident of Middletown, Conn., where he died, at a very advanced age, in the year 1813, leaving four sons, all of whom subsequently followed the seas. He lived on what was then called High Street and his house and garden occupied part of the site of the Wesley an University. In 1777 he was appoint- ed Commissary of the troops raised by Connecticut for the war. ■ He is said to have been a very genial man, a great 'reader and cultivator of fine fruit. He had eight brothers and four sisters, all of whom he sur- vived. William Redfield's great-grandfather was Theophilus Redfield, of Killingworth, Conn., b. in 1632 ; d. in 1759. He left a family of thir- . teen children, nine boys and four girls, all of whom married and left femUies, and from whom nine-tenths of all the Redfields in the country are descended. William Redfield's great-great-grandfather was James Redfield, the name in his day often written Redfin. He was probably born in New- London, Conn., about 1646 ; m. in New-Haven, and lived afterwards in both Saybrook and Fairfield. He is supposed to have died about 1723. •William Redfield's great-great-great-grandfather bore the name of William. In his time the surname was variously written Redfin, Red- fyn, and Redfyne and perhaps other ways. He was probably one of the early emigrants from England to the Province of Massachusetts. He first located on Charles River where Cambridge now stands, but after a time removed from there to Brewster's Neck, near New-London, Conn., where he died in 1662,leaving one son and three daughters. William Redfield, b. in Middletown, Conn., Apr. 19th, 1784; m., Dec. 10th, 1808, Sally Dejean, (dau. of Philip and Sallie (Fosdick) De- jean) b. Jan. 19th, 1789. Her father was a Lieutenant in the French army and held the office of vice-consul at the port of New-London, Conp., a place which then had considerable trade. (See Dr. Pelouse.) Their children were I. Justus Starr, b., in Wallingford, Conn., Jan. 2nd, 1810 ; m., 1st, 1835, Elizabeth C. Hall, who d. Aug. 13th, 1842, leaving one son, Justus S.,b., in New- York City, Aug. 3d, 1842 ; d. Aug. 30th, 1862. m., 2nd, 1860, Elizabeth Jones, by whom he also had 536 y RBDFIELD. one child, Augustus Sidney Doane, b. Jan, 23d, 1852. She' died in Lucca, Italy, in 1864, and he m., 3d, in 1871, Susan F. Reed, his present wife. Justus Starr Redfield left Charlestown for Boston in 1823, where he worked four years at stereotyping, then comparatively a new business. At the end \>f this time he accompanied his employer to New- York City where he remained with him till he was one and twenty. Having thor- oughly learned his business he went into it, ia 1831, for himself. This, with printing, bookselling and publishing he pursued in the city for thirty years with varying success, when, in 1861, he was appointed by Mr._Lincoln U. S. Consul to one of the Italian ports, and went to his post Jan. 1st, 1862, where, after remaining four years, he resigned and came home. His residence is now (Jan. 1876) on a fruit fiirm near Burlingtoif, N. J. II. Mehitable Hamlin, b. in "Weathersfield, Vt., Nov. 8d, 1811 ; went to Boston in 1832, where she m. Henry A. Sanborn and remained several years — from Boston she removed to New- York and in 1843 to Greensboro, Alabama, where she d. Jan. 22nd, 1870. Mrs. Sanborn so commended herself to the citizens of Greensboro by her care of the sick and general Christian benevolence that when she died all the stores and places of public resort were closed and the whole town turned out, both white and black to foUow her remains to the grave. One thing' that so attached the people to her was, that she had been one of the kindest and most efficient nurses in the army at Richmond. Her sister, Sarah F., who was next younger than herself, was an equally efficient ' nurse at ■ Fortress Munroe at the same time.* • ■• Children of Henry A. and Mehitable Sanborn : 1. Achsah Maria French, b. Dec. 19th, 1833; d. May 1860 ; 2. Williaih Henry, b. Jan, 26th, 1836 ; resides at Greensboro, Ala., of which place he is postmast- After the close of the war Mrs. Mehitable (Eedfield) Sauborn, with her daugh^ ter Eugenie, visited her frieuda at North Cbarlestowa, Though much changed, yet still the same genteel and lovely woman that she was when young. She informed the writer of this note that many of the citizens of Greeushoro were in the army of the Confederated States, and that there was n, great want of good nurees at Bich- mond and that at the earne.?t solicitation of her neighbors, she went to Richmond and there cared for the sick and wounded, and gave consolation to the dying— here are two sisters of charity, from North Charlestown, one in Richmond the oth- er at Fortress Munroe, both engaged in the same humane acts ; the latter stijl lives ; the former has passed away — a blessing to her neighbors and by her neighbors blessed. It is to be hoped the citizens of Greensboro, Green Co., Ala., will cause the myrtle to twine around her tombstone, the rose bush — red, white and blue — to blend over her grave in age succeeding age. H. METOALF. EEDFIBLD. ^ ' 637 er, (1875): 3. Theodore Augustus, b. Dec. 10th, 1837 ; d. Jan. 26th, 1838; 4. Elizabeth Eedfield, b. Nov. 6th, 1839; m. Kichard Andrews July, 1860 ; 5. Justus Eedfield, b. Jan. 23d, 1841 ; d. March 31st, 1842 ; 6. Franklin Dejean, b. Sept. 21st, 1844 ; d. kay 12th, 1845 ; 7. Eugenie Mortimer, b. Jan. 9th, 1847; 8. Joseph Gould, b. Feb. 27th, 1849 ; d. June 28th, 1849. III. Sarah Fosdick, b., in Charlestown, N. H., Jan. 3d, 1814 ; educat- ed herself for a school teacher and taught school several terms in town, afterwards followed her older brother and sister to Boston, where, becom- ing acquainted with Osgood Eaton she married him in Sept. 1833. They lived in Boston about twenty years, in which place the following child- ren were born to them: 1. Edward Osgood, b. June 16th, 1835; died 1866. It is said that his musical acquirements were remarkable, but he • died before securing any very permanent fame. 2. William Redfield, b. Feb. 3d, 1838 ; d. Apr. 24th, 1859. He d. m South America. 3. Ma- ry Elizabeth, b. March 1st, 1843 ; m. in 1867, at Fortress Munroe, Wm. Boughton, and d. in 1868 ; 4. Emily Frances, b. July 19th, 1845 ; m. Capt. James Tomkins, U. S. A.; 5. Eliza Buckminster, b. Sept. 18th, 1865. On the breaking out of the war with the confederate states, Mr. Os- good Eaton received an appointment of Civil Engineer, at Fortress Monroe, to which he with his family removed in 1861, and died there in 1864. Mrs. Eaton still resides there with her youngest daughter.* IV. WiUiam Dobson (son of William and Sallie (Dejean) Redfield,) b. in Charlestown, July 3d, 1816. When fifteen years of age, he left Charlestown for New York city, to learn the stereotyping business with . his brother.^ This business he continued for several years, when he turned his attention to wood engraving, taking lessons of J. A. Adams, one of the noted engravers of those days. He rose rapidly in the art, and has left some very fine specimens of his skill. But his early death prevented his reaching that eminence in his profession, to which * Fortress Monroe, during the war, it will be remembered, was in part occupied as a, hospital for sick, wounded and disabled soldiers. Mrs. Eaton living just" outside the fort, devoted a great deal of | her time to nursing these poor boys, so sadly in need of a mother's care in their dire extremity ; and some are alive and well to-day, who, but for the nursing she gave them, might now be in their graves. Standing by the bedside of many a dying New England boy, ministering to his comfort, she has received the last words and messages, for mothers and friends, at home, all of which were always faithfully transmitted, and Mrs. Eaton has reaped a rich harvest of thanks,- from many a broken-hearted mother, for the care and attention, bestowed upon a dying son. 538 BBDFIELD. had he livfid, he would have undoubtedly attained. He married in 1837, Mary Cassidy of Brooklyn, N. Y., but died childless in March, 1838. V. Susan Waterman, b. Aug. 15th, 1819 ; removed with her blather's family from Charlestown to I^ew York city, in 1884 ; in 1841 m. Capt. Moses Adams, shipmaster of West Tisbury, Martha's Vine- yard. One son was born of this marriage, March 6th, 1842, and Mrs, Adams died in the December following. The son, Edward R. Ad- ams, d. of yellow fever, in a South American Port, in 1873. VI. Ke- zia Converse, b. Sept. 2nd, 1821 ; m. Oct. 6th, 1841, Augustus D Por- ter, a merchant tailor, of New York city. Their residence is now in (1875) in Brooklyn. Ch. 1. Charles Augustus, b. Aug. 1st, 1843 ; d. July 20th, 1853 ; 2. William Redfield, b. Nov. 15th, 1845 ; 3. Ella Maria, b. July 27th, ,1851 ; 4. Charles Augustus, b. March 10th, 1853. VII. Edward Pelouze, b. Oct. 6th, 1823 ; d. 1831 ; VIII. Mary Ann, b. May 21st, 1826 ; m. in 1846, Frederick G. Pope, at that time, by trade, a ma- son, Boston, Mass. Cb. 1. Elizabeth C.,b. March 10th, 1847 ; 2. Martha Ager, b. March 12th, 1855 ; 3. William Chipman, time of birth not ascertained. IX. John H., b. March 19th, 1829; d. 1829; X. Eliza H., b. July 2nd, 1831 ; d. 1831 ; XI. Ellen Maria, b. July 2nd, 1833 ; m. in 1854, William W. Chipman, a mason of Boston, Mass. Ch. 1. Ella Elizabeth, b. Sept. 13th, 1855 ; 2. William Redfield, b, Jan. 11th, 1860. William Redfield, whose children and grandchildren are given above, came to Charlestown, from Weathersfield, Vt., in 1812, with his wife, and two children. Nine other children were born to him in Charlestown, before leaving town for New York, in 1834. He is de- scribed as "an exceedingly amiable and industrious man, "and one who • was highly respected by all his neighbors." He died in the city of New York, in 1838, aged 54 years. His widow lived till 1872, and died in Boston, where she had lived for many of the later years, of her life. Horace Metcalf, Esq., to whom I am indebted for these records of the Redfield family, says of her, " Mrs. Redfield was a remarkable " woman. Her father was French, and her mother American, and she inherited striking peculiarities from both of them. Few women even among New England mothers, can oflFer a brighter record than the history of her life aflTords. It might be very well supposed that to bring into the world, feed and clothe the large family she had to work for, would be work enough for one woman ; but, in addition to that, for weeks and months upon a stretch she has done her full day's work at spinning flax or wool, or other woman's work of the time, and REED — RICE. 639 many and many has been the night that her spinning-wheel has been heard humming at eleven o'clock — hours after all the rest of the fam- ily were in bed and asleep." Nor was she any less diligent and ex- emplary, in her Christian life. She experienced religion when quite young, and united with the church, of which she ever afterwards con- tinued a most active member. Said her minister in Boston, in his ad- dress at her funeral, " For over thirty years, has Mrs. Eedfield been a bright and shining light to the younger members of this church to whom she has seemed almost a mother," and then recurring to his personal* experience, he continued, " To me she has been equally a spiritual helper; for when I have missed her earnest countenance from her accustomed place in church, I have felt as though some- thing was wanting, and I was not at home, and as though rliy sermon from the want of her presence, had lost not only a portion of its iiispi- ration, but of its power." Howard and Charlotte (Minor) Reed, (Pub. Feb. 28th, 1790.) Ch. I. Hannah, b. May 5th, 1791 ; II. Charlotte, b. Mar. 18th, 1793. Edward and Sophia (Hubbard) Eeed, m. Apr. 8th, 1813 ; Ch. I. Eoswell Hunt, b. April 19th, 1819 ; II. Edward Loggie, b. Nov. 24th, 1820; III. Horace Hall, b. Sept. 25th, 1822; IV. Lewis Hijb- bard, b. March 2nd, 1825. Mr. Reed was from Scotland — removed to Dalton, N. H. ^ Sasiuel and Esther Remington, Ch. I. William, b. May 14th, 1773; II. Samuel, b. Nov. 30th, 1777; III. Esther, b. Sept. 21st, 1786. (See Soldiers in Rev.) JedidiIh Rice, m. Nov. 30th, 1783, Jemima Hastings, (dau*. of ' Sylvanus and Jemima (Wiliard) Hastings,) b. Jan. 29th, 1750. (See Hastings.) Ch. I. Edmund, b. Mar. 22nd, 1784 ; II. Wiliard, b. Nov. 18th, 1786 — removed to Northfield, Vt., left eight children. Mr. Rice was a soldier in the Revolution, and marched to Quebec, in 1776, under Captain Abel Walker. The following agreement between Capt. John Wiliard, Sen., and Je- mima Hastings, afterwards Mrs. Rice, will be interesting not only as showing one trait in the character of Mr. Wiliard, but as illustrating' that a spirit of badinage existed in the days of .our fathers, as well as at the present time. A Bond. To all persons whom it may concern. That it is agreed between John Wiliard of Charlestown,- in the county of Cheshire and Province of New-Hampshire, Gentleman, and Mrs. Jemima Hastings of the 540 KICE — EOBBKTSON. town, county and Povince, aforesaid. The conditions of said agree- ment as follows, viz. that if the said Jemima Hastings do actually joyne in wedlock with Mr. Jedidiah Rice of Charlestown, aforesaid by the 24th, day of July next ensuing, the said John Willard doth by these presents, promise to give unto the said Jemima, a good and well made side saddle, to be covered with red or green plush, as a present, and in case of failure, "said Jemima Hastings to give unto said John Willard, a good checked linen shirt, or the value thereof to his ac- ceptance; in witness whereof we have set our hands This 24th day of March, Anno Domini, 1777. John WriiLAED. Jemima Hastings. Witness I Tim Curtis, Witness, I Abigail Faewell. The title Mrs. employed in the bond, was then the style of address- ing grown up unmarried ladies. It appears from the record of her marriage, that' Jemima had to give Mr. Willard the "checked linen shirt." V John RoBEETSON b. June 25th, ,1778; m. Dec. 27th, 1798, Polly Clendening, b. Nov. 6th, 1774. Ch. I. Roswell, b. Nov. 16th, 1799 ; m. 1st, Mary Williams, (dau. of W. H. and Abigail (Robinson) Wil- liams of Newfane, Vt.) Ch. 1. Sarah Elizabeth, b. at Bellows Falls, Dec. 11th, 1831 ; m. at South Charlestown, Jan. 19th, 1853, Hezekiah Luke Robinson — died at Waterloo, Province of Quebec, April 2nd, 1868. (See Louisa, under Richard Robertson.) Roswell Roljertson, m. 2nd, Sarah Williams. Ch. 2. Roswell W., b. Sept. 3d, 1839 ; m. March 25th, 1862, Helen M. Humphrey (dau. of Royal and Eliza (Morse) Humphrey,) b. May 9th, 1840— He was 3rd selectman in 1872, 2nd in 1873, 1st in 1874-75. Roswell Robertson married 3d, March 8th, 1841, Abby W. Taylor, (dau. of Arad and Hannah L. (Robinson) Taylor), b. in Newfane, Nov. 28th, 1821. IL Betsy, b. May 2nd, 1801 ; m. William Blake of Bellows Falls— resides in Greenfield, Mass. III. Johu b. May 1st, 1805 -removed West — not heard from — supposed to have been killed by the Indians. IV. Rus- sell, b. May 6th, 1807, m. Feb. 5th, 1837, Louisa M. Holton, b. Sept. 27th, 1815. Ch. 1. Richard R., b. Nov. 17th, 1836; m. June 20th, 1868, Mary Ann Ward, of North Charlestown. One child, Abbie Mellville, b. Mar. 10th, 1869 ; 2. Maria L., b. Oct. 15th, 1840 ; m. J. W. Hodgkins, Aug. 27th, 1867. (See Hodgkins.) Resides in Atlan- tic, Iowa. Ch. (1) Russell, b. June'l7th, 1868 ; (2) John Edward, b. , ROBERTSON. . 541 Oct. 3d, 1871; 3. William Blake b. Apr. 15th, 1842 ; d. Sept. 17th, 1870 ; (see soldiers ia War of the Rebellion.) 4 Abby F., b. Oct. 8th, 1843 ; m. Aug. 6th, 1861, Thomas R. Melville, (see Melville.) 5. Sa- rah, b. Jan. 20th, 1846; m. Oct. 30th, 1870, WUlam H. Voorhies. One child, Mary Louisa, b. Sept. 11th, 1871. 6. George H., b. Feb. 2nd, 1849 ; m. Nov. 27th, 1871, Martha Ann Chatterton, b. May 3d, 1852 ; one child, George Chatterton, b. Sept. 16th, 1872. V. Richardson, b. May, 14th, 1809; m. Oct. 13th, 1835, Maria Sils- by, (dau. of Isaac and Anna (Langley) Silsby,) b. June 17th, 1*812 ; Ch. 1. Mary, b. Jan. 6th, 1837 ; 2. Emily b. Feb. 14th, 1839; m. Oct. 23d, 1861, John Henry Bradbury, (son of John and Rebecca (Boardman) Bradbury, of Newburyport, Mass.,) b. Dec. 9th, 1827. Ch. (1) Har- riet Rebecca, b. Sept. 11th, 1862 ; (2) Mary Robertson, b. Dec. 22nd, 1864 ; (3) John Henry, b. March 26th, 1866 ; (4) Richard Robertson,' b. Dec. 6th, 1875 ; 3. Louisa, b. Jan. 25th, 1841 ; m. Hezekiah Luke Robinson, Nov. , 1874 — resided in Montreal, Canada. I give from " The Churchman," the following : Obituaey. Entered into rest, on Friday, March 31st, 1876, in her 35th year, Louisa Robinson, wife of H. Luke Robinson, of Montreal, Canada, and daughter of Richardson and Maria Robertson, of Charlestown, N. H. The last sad rites -of Holy Church took place on the 2nd of April, the Fifth Sunday in Lent, from her own parish church, in Charles- town; which she loved so well. Endeared to many from her childhood, her memory and influence will long remain fresh in our hearts and lives. Full of life and hope, she had ever a cheering word, winning the love of all, particularly of children. Li the duties to which God called her in this life, she was a shining example of faithfulness. And as we gather round her grave, so dear to all her friends, we can indeed bless God for, her example, and pray Him to grant us grace so to follow, that with her we may be partakers of His heavenly king- dom, through Jesus Christ our Lord. 4. Esther, b. Oct. 24th, 1844 ; 5. John, b. March 22nd, 1847— grad- uated at the Theological Seminary, of Nashotah, Wisconsin, and en- tered the ministry of the Episcopal Church ; is now (Sept. 1875,) in Europe. Richardson Robertson Esq., the record of whose family is, above given, fronj 1843 to 1868, was the gentlemanly proprietor and 542 . KOBT — ;ROTCE. landlord, of the Robertson House, in Charlestown — now known as the Eagle Hotel. He still (1875,) continues business in G., as the keeper of an extensive Flour and Grain store. De. Joseph Rosy, m. 1st, Relief Curtis. Ch. I. Relief Curtis b. April 12th, 1804 ; d. Aug. 21st, 1813 ; II. Abigail b. May 24th, 1805 ; d. May 3d, 1817 ; IH. Jane, b. Aug. 18th, 1806 ; d. Nov. 14th, 1806. Mrs. Roby, d. Dec. 4th, 1806. He m. 2ad, Oct. 18th, 1807, Lucy Park; Ch, IV. John Swift, b. Aug. 31st, 1808 ; V. Joseph, b: Nov. 23d, 181Q; VI. Jane, b. March 19th, 1813; d. Jan. 4th, 1822; VII. and VIII. Ephraim Curtis and Charles William, twins, b. May 21st, 1815. Dr. Roby, d. Aug. 21st, 1818. (See Physicians.) Alanson p. Rockwood, (son of Perley and Prudence (Ward), Rock- wood of Upton, Mass.,) b. Aug. 2nd, 1824 ; m. Sept. 10th, 1843, Maria Fisk, (dau. of Elisha and Hannah (Forbush) Fisk, also of Upton) ; b. March 9th, 1827. Ch. I. Regina, b. in Upton, Sept. 3d, 1844. II. Lelia A., b. in Upton, Nov. 25th, 1847. The_ family came to Charles- town, Jan., 1860. Lemuel Rogers, (son of Lemuel and Fanny (Putnam) Rogers) of Claremont, b. April 22nd, 1827 ; m. July 9th, 1850, Sarah Ann WU- lard, (dau. of George and Orinda Young (Wolfe) Willard) b. June 28th, 1832 (see Willard). Ch. L Leland G., b. March 28th,-1852 ; d. Sept. 24th the same year. II. An infant daughter, b. Aug. 1st, 1856 ; d. Sept. 23d, 1856. IIL Alvin Willard, b. Feb. 23d, 1860. IV. An infant son, b. June 29th, 1863 ; d. July 23d, same year. - liEMtTEL RoYCE is Said to have been the last survivorj of the Revo- lutionary soldiers, originally belonging to Charlestown. At the time of the battle of Bennington, he was a member of Capt. Abel Walker's company, but enlisted Feb. 4th, 1778, into Capt. Isaac Farwell's, in which he continued nearly if not quite through the war.. He was fond of telling in his advanced age of the battles in which he had been en- gaged, and appears to have been proud of having been selected as one of the guards at the execution of Major Andre, whose gentlemanly ' bearing and courage filled him with such admiration that he named one of his children after him. I have been unable to obtain a record either of fhis death or his marriage. I have gathered from aged per- sons the following names of his children. I. Lemuel, jr. II. Lorenzo. III. Andrew. IV. Darius. V. Anna, who m. Zachariah Lawrence, Jan. 23d, 1806. VI. Andre. VII. Anson. The order of births of the above, is not certain. Lemuel jr., m. Eunice Hoadley (Published Dec. 26th, 1802). Ch. 1. Alford, b. March 80th, 1804; 2. Sophia, KOYCE— ;SANDER^. 543. b. May 8th, 1806 ; m. Ebenezer Pike, Dec. 4th, 1823; 3. Francis, b. Apr. 2?nd, 1808 ; 4. Mary, b. June 6th, 1810 ; 5. Edwin, b. July 22nd, 1813; 6. Lucretia, b. June 30th, 1815 ; l'. Calvin, b. Aug. 30th, 1817; 8. Ethel; 9. Orville; 10. Jane. LoEiN Henry Royce, (son of Amasa B. and Alice C. (Spaulding) Royce) b. in Sharon, Vt., July 26th, 1841 ; m. in Woodstock, Vt., Dec. 31st, 1863, Julia Minerva Lull, b. in Pomfret, Vt., Sept. 25th, 1844. Ch. Mark Wallace, b. in Springdeld, Vt., Nov. 6th, 1865— set- tled as a merchant in Charlestown, Aug. 1867. . Simon Rumrill, b. July 1st, 1767, in New Ipswich, N. H., was one of fifteen children; m. Jan. 1790, Joanna Kemp, and removed to Charlestown the April following. Ch. I. Stephen, b. Jan. 14th, 1791 ; m. and settled in Northfield, Vt. II. Abigail, b. May 23d, 1793. III. Lois, b. June 1795 ; m. Isaac Smith who had been a soldier ip the war of 1812, and removed from town. IV. Isaac, b. Sept. 15th, 1797 ; m. Tryphena Hodgman and settled in Springfield, Vt. V. Rachel, scalded and died, aged about 2 years. Simon Rumrill m. 2nd, Jan. 1800, Hannah Perry. Ch. by 2nd wife ; L Benjamin, b. Oct. 6th, 1800. m. Feb. 17th, 1825, Mary Garfield, and removed to Springfield, Vt. II. Hannah, b- June 18th, 1802 ; m. Cyrus Garfield, Jan. 1825 ; re- moved in 1827 to Springfield. III. Levi, b. Sept. 29th 1804 ; m. Jan. 25th, 1826, Ursula Garfield— settled in Charlestown, in 1833. Ch. 1. Anna, b. in Springfield, Vt., Oct. 3d, 1827, died young. 2. Lewis, b. June 13th, 1829 ; m., March 26th, 1866, Mrs. Margaret Ann (Currier) Eggleston, b. in Williamstown, Upper Canada, March 26th, 1828. 3. Ursula Ann, b. in Chester, Vt.; m. Oliver. P. Cross. 4. Fan- ny, b. Dec. 8th, 1832, in Chester ; d. aged 21. 5. Levi, b. in Charles- town, Oct. 26th, 1834 ; m. Lucia B. Rumrill — resides in Springfield, Vt. 6. Lucius, b. in C, March 7th, 1837. 7. Matilda, b. in C, Dec. 28th, 1839. 8. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 5th, 1842. Lewis Sanders, b. in Weathersfield, Vt., March 9th, 1829 ; m. Dec. 1851, JLouise E. Grout (dau. of John Grout) b, in Mendon, Vt., June 11th, 1830. Ch. I. Ida A., b. in Cavendish, Vt., Oct. 12th, 1852 ; m. Jan. 23d, 1875, Charles Shattuck, of Hartland, Vt.; resides now (1875) in Charlestown. II. Clarence L., b. May 2nd, 1854; m. June, 1875, Ella L. Davis — resides in Worcester, Mass. III. Charles A., b. in Chester, Vt., Sept. 29th, 1855. IV. Georgia A., b. in Bel- lows Falls, Apr. 17th, 1857. V. Elsie M., b. in Bellows Falls, May 16th, 1859. VI. Eugene H., b. in Springfield, Vt., Aug. 8th, 1861. VII. Albert E., b. in Chester, Vt., March 21st, 1864. VIII. Ulysses 544 SAUNDERS — SARTWELL. G., b. in Weathersfield, Sept. 20th, 1865; d. Oct. 8th, 1865. IX. Henry K., b. in Charlestown, Jan. 26th, 1867. X. Infant, d. June 28th, 1869. XI. Frederick L., b. Jan. 15th, 1871. Mr. Sanders came to Charlestown, Feb. 1866. De. Horace Saunders, b. in Weathersfield, Vt; graduated at the Medical department of Dartmouth College, in 1836 — settled as a phy- sician in North Charlestown, where he had an extensive practice for over thirty yeare, when he was obliged to lay aside the duties of his profession on account of ill health. He died Dec. 29th, 1875, in the 67th year of his age. Dr. Saunders m. March 2nd, 1843, Abbie (Abi- gail in town records) (dau. of Moses and Abigail (Hubbard) Judevine) b. Dec. 11th, 1815. Ch. I. Abbie Jenette, b. Aug. 18th, 1844; m. David S. Hamlin (see Hamlin). II. Isabell S., b. May 22nd, 1848 ; m. Edwin M. Jennison, of Bellows Falls, Vt., where she resides. III. Hattie L., b. Aug. 23d, 1855 ; d. Sept. 22nd, 1873. Ensign Obadiah Sartwell. ' The name of this early settler appears several times in the Proprie- tors' Records, on important committees. He was captured by the In- dians, on the 24th of May, 1746, and was killed by them under the following circumstances, on the 17th of June 1749. He had gone out to plough among his corn, in his garden plot,, without suspecting any ■ danger, accompanied by Enos Stevens, then but a boy, whom he had taken to ride horse. While engaged in this employment, he was shot, though it was a time of peace, and Stevens was captured and carried to Montreal. Obadiah Sabtwell, (son of Obadiah and Hannah Sartwell oir Saw- tell as the name is spelt in the Groton Record), b. in Groton, Mass., March Igth, 1701 ; m. Nov. 16th, 1721, Rachel Parker, (daughter of Samuel and Abigail (Larkin) Parker of Groton, Mass). Ch. 1. Si- mon, b. Nov. 14th, 1722 ; m. and settled in No. 4, as early as 1746. He was constable for 1762-3, and one of the selectmen for 1767-68. Children of Simon and Hannah Sartwell, 1. Obadiah, b. Nov. 8th, 1746; m. Elizabeth, surname unknown. Ch. (1) Polly, b. Oct. 21st, 1769. (2) Solomon, Dec. 16th, 1770. (3) Phineas, b. June 18th 1772. (4) Joel, b. March 27th, 1774. (5) Electa, b. April 17th, 1776. (6) Obadiah, b. July 10th, 1778. (7) Thomas, b. Jan. 1st, 1781. 2. Simon, jr., b. June 25th, 1749 ; m. Dolly, surname un- known. Ch. (1) Asa, b. Dec. 13th, 1781. (2) Cynthia, b. Oct. 27th, 1784. (3) Fanny, b. Dec. 11th, 1786. (4) Clarissa, b. Feb. 3d, SCOTX — SHEPLB?. 545 1788. (5.) Lucy, b. March 30th, 1790. Sim*on Sartwell, jr., was Lieu- tenant of Co. 7, of the 1st New-Hampshire regiment under command of Col. Joseph Cilley of Nottingham, raised April 7th, 1777. He con- tinued in this regiment during the years 1778 and 79, and was raised to a Captaincy. He was on duty at West Point with his regiment as Captain in 1780. He was one of the selectmen of Cliarlestown in the years 1786 and 87. He died May 30th, 1791. 3. Electa, b. Jan. 2nd, 1752. 4. John, b. May 2nd, 1754 ; m. Elizabeth Gleason and of her had twelve children, named as follows : (1) Polly ; (2) Betsy ; (3) Esther; (4) John ; (5) Royal; (6) Eliab; (7) Warren; (8) Simon; (9) Almouy ; (10,) Hannah ; (11) Harriet ; (12) Electa. 5. Hannah, b. Aug. 26th, 1756; 6. Hannah, b. Aug. 2nd, 1757; 7. Hannah, b. Dec. 21st, 1760; 8. Rhoda, b. May 2nd, 1764; 9. Esther, b. Sept. 29th, 1767 ; H. Lois, b. July 4th, 1724 ; m. Micah Fuller ^nd settled in Cliarlestown, (see Fuller); III. Esther, b. March 9th, 1725-26 ; m. John Johnson; IV: Nathaniel, b. Feb. 12th, 1729; V. Rachel, b. . June 9th, 1731 ; m. Adonijah Taylor ; VI. Solomon, b. Oct. 10th, 1737. It is supposed that aU Ensign Obadiah Sartwell's children settled in Charlestown. Edward A. Scott, (son of Aretus and Nancy (Sanderson) Scott) b. in Whately, Mass., June 3d, 1839 ; m., May 25th, 1862, Mary Jane, (dau. of John C. and Julia Ann (Stockbridge) Sanderson) b., in W., May 24th, 1840. Ch. I. Hubert Batcheler, b., in Whately, Aug. 25th, 1863 ; II. Lucy D., h., iu Hatfield, Jan. 26th, 1865 ; d. Feb. 17th, 1867 ; III. Edward R., b., in Hatfield, Feb. 28th, 1867— Came to Charlestown from Whately in 1869. .-Samuel Sever m. Polly Holden Apr. 1st, 1798. Ch. I. Mary, b. Nov.' 25th, 1799; II. Valeria A., b. May 6th, 1805; m. Dea. John. Putnam ; HI. Louisa, b. Nov. 16th, 1809. ..John Shattttck, b. Feb- 25th, 1792, was a shoemaker in Antrim, N. H., and removed to Charlestown, N. H., iu 1816 ; m. Hannah Holt, (dau. of Barachias Holt). She d. Oct. 22nd, 1817, leaving two chil- dren , I. Hora,ce, b. June 22nd, 1815 ; II. Hannah H., b. July 12th, 1817, (see Shattuck's Memorial, p. 221.) Patrick Sheedy, (son of John and Mary (Percy) Sheedy) b., in Co. of Clare, Ireland ; m. Bridget Goonan, (dau. of Michael and Mary Conrey Goonan) b., in Co. of Clare, Ireland. Ch. I. Michael, b. May 25th, 1855 ; II. Katie, b. Jan. 29th, 1860. Mr. Sheedy came to Am- erica and settled in Charlestown 1850. Mrs. Sheedy d. July 5th, 1875. JosiAH AND Patty Shepley, probably from Pepperellj Mass. Mr. 546 SHUMWAT — SILSBT. ft SLepley built the house first north from the Congregational Meeting House," which is now owned by George Burnham. He kept a public House ; removed to Woodstock, Vt. Ch. L Josiah, jr., m., May 16th, 1814, Cynthia Tidd ; H. Dan, b. Oct. 14th, 1802 ; m. Eunice Bowker, Jan. 1827 ; III. Luke, b. Aug. 17th, 1804 ; IV. CaroUne, b. March 10th, 1807 ; m., Dec. 29th, 1825, Humphrey Miles. Obadiah Shumway m. Feb. 1793, Hannah Spaulding, of Tewks- bury, Mass., and probably settled in Charlestown in the same year. Cb. I. Laura, m., March 22nd, 1813, Wm. Mc Murphy, of Langdon ; II. Martha, m., 1st, Dec 1817, Samuel G. Carlisle; m., 2nd, Asahel Porter; III.* Caroline, b. Nov. 10th, 1798; resides at Paper Mill Village, Al- stead with Mrs. Porter; IV. Eliza, m. Benjamin Poland — ^lived in Charlestown and Langdon ; is deceased ; left a large family of children ; V. Eoyal, ^m., 1st, Betsy Willard (dau. of Joseph Willard) ; m., 2nd, Harris; was a merchant; d. in Langdon ; VI. George remov- ed early to the West ; VII. Samuel, m., Snow ; has a daughter in Boston with whom he usually resides. Lazaeus Shdetleff m. Mrs. Orpha (Willard) Cooms, (dau. of Mos- ~ es and Lydia (FarweU) WUlard) (see Cooms and Willard). Ch. I. William, b. Aug. 25th, 1803 ; II. Nancy W., b. Oct. 7th, 1805; m. Charles WUlard, March, 1839, (see Willard); III. Moses Willard, who m. Eliza Kimball ; resides in Waterbury, Vt.; has had three chil- dren, 1. Milton, who d. young ; 2. Ellen, who m. Frank Carpen- ter. Ch. (1) d. in infancy; (2) Lottie. (3) Harry, who d. Aug. 1873; 3. Mary ; m. Giffin ; IV. Lydia FarweU, m. Darius Parks, (see Parks); V. Julia m. Thomas Frost, (see Frost). - - ■ ' SiLSBY. ' The first occurence of the name of SUsby in the history of Charles- town is in connection with the scenes of the Revolution. Henry SUsby was a member of Captain Abel Walker's company with which he marched, in February, 1776, to Quebec, (see sketch of Captain Abel Walker). Three of the name were in Captain Walker's Company No. 1., Colonel Benjamin Bellows' regiment, with which, in the spring of 1777, he marched to Ticonderoga. These were Lazedell SUsby, (now written L.asell) one of the sergeants of the comjjany, Julius SUsby, 1st Corporal, and Eliphaz SUsby, private, (see, for a notice of Henry and Lasell Silsby, the Historj' of Acworth). Julius Silsby settled in Charlestown and m., soon after the close of SILSBY — SIMONDS. 547 the Revolutionary War, Eebecca Putnam, (dau. of Deacon Ebenezer and Mary Putnam) b. May 25tli, 1769. Isaac Silsby, (son of Julius aud Eebecca (Putnam) Silsby) b. Jan. 23d, 1787 ; m., Dec. 9th, 1809, Anna Langley, b. June 13th, 1787. Isaac Silsby settled iu Charlestown and was for many years one of its most enterprising citizens. He was 1st Selectman, also representative of the town in 1835. The village was indebted to him for many im- provements. He was thoroughly acquainted with the principles of ma- chinery, and all kinds of work in iron and steel, and was so skilful as a stone worker that his services were in great demand in that capacity. He died very suddenly, Dec, 24th, 1850,. at the age of 63, under the fol- lowing circumstances : He had been engaged in fulfilling a contract on what was then called the Western Vermont Rail-road. But wishing to spend Christmas with his family he started out on the_24th to return home. A deep snow had fallen and the roads were difficult. At length he came to a badly drifted portion of the way over which he was told he could not pass. But being naturally a man of great energy he told his informers that he thought he could or at least he could try. But making the attempt his horse almost immediately got floundered in the snow and he was obliged to get out of the sleigh for the purpose of help- ing him out. He had scarcely stepped into the snow before he was ob- served to fall. They went to him and he was dead. Instead, therefore, of gladdening his family by his presence at Christmas they were sad- dened by the tidings of his death. The children of Isaac Silsby are as follows : I. Isaac jr., b. Sept. 10th, 1808 ; m. 1st, Margaret Price, of Newport, R. I.; m. 2nd, Susan Claxton of Washington, D. C; (b. in England) 2, Emily A., b Sept. 15th, 1810; m. George Olcott, sen., (see Olcott); 3. Maria, b. June 17th, 1812; m. Richardson Robertson (see Robertson); 4. Harriet, b. Dec. 8th, 1814 ; m, Charles Hapgood, of Bellows Falls, 1834; ,5. Es- ther, b. April 17th, 1817; m. 1st, Marcus Dougherty, of Marlboro, N. Y., 1836. Mr. Dougherty dying she m. 2nd, Russell Hyde, of Bel- lows Falls. 6. Anna Langl^-, b. July "7th, 1823; m. Samuel L. Wild- er, jr. She d. Jan. 18th, 1856, (see Wilder). 7. Caroline, b. Dec. 7th, 1826; m. Frederick W. Porter, of Springfield, Vt.; 8. Elizabeth, I. Sept. 22nd, 1828 ; m. Charles H. West, of Charlestown. (see West.) William and Susanna Simonds. Ch. I. Susanna, b. July 31st, 1752. O. S. II. Gardner, b. Jan. 18th, 1755, settled in Elizabethtown N. Y. He became an experienced hunter aud carried on no iucoiisid- erable trade with the Indians wliose, habits and modes of life he under- 548 " SIMONDS. stood perfectly. Being at Pittsford, Vit., one. time, he learned that an Indian was prowling about, who had come there, as it was supposed, for the purpose of killing Abel Stevens with whom he a short time before had had an encounter. Simonds kept watch of him and seeing him cautiously one evening approaching Stevens' house as if with some evil intent he shot him and flung him into the creek. III. Hannah, b. June 14th, 1757. It is supposed that Mr. Simonds removed from Charles- town to Rockingham, Vt., where he became an influential citizen and member of the committee of safety for that town in 1776. Jehazel Simonds, b. Dec. 28th, 1752, in Wobum, Mass;, removed first to Cavendish, Vt., and from that town to Charlestown soon after the Revolution. He participated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and was for a time engaged in the war afterwards. He settled on what was ■ called Brier Hill, near Acworth, where he lived till the 3d day of July, 1835, when he died. He was among the first settlers in that part of the town which was still the haunt of wild beasts. ■ He used to come with his ox-team to the village to bring such articles as he had to dispose of, but as the way was difficult, was usually accustomed to return before dark. But one time in winter because there was to be a moon, he delayed in the village longer than usual, so that he did not set ■ out for home till night. Nothing happened of an uncommon na- ture the first part of the way, but when he had reached the wildest por- tion of the forest, within about a half or' three quarters of a mile of home, several wolves suddenly rushed upon him and beset him in such • a manner that he was obliged to take refuge between his oxen on the pole of his' sled, where for the remaining distance he was under . the necessity of keeping them at bay with a sled stake. They followed , him even to his very door when his stout wolf-dog came to his rescue and put them to flight. The impression made on his mind by this at- tack was so strong, that afterwards for several years when he went to the village he did not neglect to take his gun that he might be prepar- ed for defense in case of a similar surprise. - Jehazel and Maey (Tidd) Simonds. Ch. I. Josiah, m. and set- tled in Whiting, Vt.; was afterwards of Pittsford. II. Henry, b. May 2nd, 1791 ; m. Mary Jones, of Claremont, N. H., and settled in Pitts- ford, Vt., in 1819. III. John, b. April 22nd, 1793 ; m. Nov. 20th, 1820, Nancy Malinda Jones, daughter of Asa Jones, of Claremont, N. H., and settled in Pittsford. IV. Joseph, m. Jemima Bragg of Spring- field, Vt., was a soldier in the war of 1812 and one of the selectmen of Charlestown in 1828-29-30. Ch. 1. Joseph, jr., 2. Emeline. Joseph * SIMONDS. 549 Simonds, removed in 1831 to Pittsford, Vt.; V. William ; VI. Esther m. Beckwith and had Ch. 1. Anna, m. ; 2. Elvi- ra who m. and lives in Lowell, Mass. VII. Mary, m. Ebenezer Cor- bin, (see Corbin). VIII. Fanny. There were other children, Hannah and Caroline, but they died early. Elijah Simonds, m. 1st Mary Campbell, of Rockingham, Vt. Ch. I. Elijah, b. July 28th, 1799 ; m. and removed to Penn Yan, N. Y. II. Edward R., b. Sept. 14th, 1801 ; m. and lived last in Swansey, N. H. III. "William, m. Leafy Blood and settled in Walpole. - Elijah Si- monds, m. 2nd Mrs. Mitty Tufts. Mr. Simonds built the house now owned by Mrs. Elizabeth Bowker. He lived afterwards in different places in town. He removed in 1847, to Penn Yan in the town of Milo, Yates County, N. Y., where he spent his last days in the family of his son. ' Elijah Simonds was a blacksmith by trade, and was one of the class of persons whose eccentric characters usually render them very well known in the community in which they reside. He was lively and witty and occasionally exercised his talent for rhyme in turning off brief poetical effusions some of which are remembered at the present day. It is related that he used to have frequent poetical encounters with Elisha Fling, who, like himself was very eccentric and thought much of- his ability to make a rhyme. Fling one day meeting Simonds in a crowd addressed him as follows : " Elijah thou art, buf no crophet 'tis plain. For a thousand like you would ne'er make it rain." This raised a laugh at Simonds' expense who immediately replied " You are Elisha, but not the old Prophet, He's gone to heaven but you'll go to Tophet." This of course turned the laugh back again. To understand the fol- lowing it is necessary to premise, that Simonds was not very fond of work and his customers therefore were not always accustomed to find Jiim at his shop.- "Frederick A. Sumner, who was postmaster, 'was in the habit of doing pretty much as he pleased, sometimes with quite as much regard to his own convenience as to that of the citizens. He would therefore, if his business required it, lock his office at any time a day and go off and be gone for hours. Simonds going to the office one day for a letter or paper, found it locked and was told that Squire Sumner had gone down into the meadow to work. This information excited him and led him to express himself pretty violently. Just at 550 SLADB — SMITH. this time Mrs. Sumner happening to come along he turned to her and said, "Mrs. Sumner, we have been thinking that Squire Sumner's oflBce would be an excellent place for setting a hen, for she would be l&s likely to be disturbed there than in any place I know of" Her eyes flashed upon him for a moment, when she instantly replied " I know of no other place, Mr. Simonds, in which she would be less likely to be disturbed, unless it might be upon your anvil." Other anecdotes might be told of him but these must suifEce. Heney and Roxana (Mellish) Slade, settled in Charlestown about the year 1848. Children who settled in C; I. George Henry, b. Dec. 16th, 1822 ; m. Julia Huntress, of Lacouia, N. H. (See soldiers in War of Rebellion). II. John W., b. in Drewsville, June 13th, 1826 ; m. May 15th, 1848, Lizzie A. Gould (dau. of Thomas and Car- oline O. (Read) Gould) b. in Rockingham, Vt., Aug. 26th, 1829— set- tled in C, in 1850. Ch. I. Mary Lizzie, b. May 27th, 1852; d' Apr. 13th, 1858. II. Charles H., b. March 12th, 1859. John W. Slade d. Oct. 17th, 1869, and Mrs. Lizzie A. Slade m. 2nd, June 24th; 1873, Aaron Dean Damon, b. in Springfield, Vt., Jun% 16th, 1825 — resides in Charlestown. Huron Sladee (son of John L. and Ruth (Stebbins) Slader, of Ac- worth) m. 1st, May 24th, 1837, Mary Ann Parker (dau. of David and Fanny Parker) b. Jan. 21st, 1814— she died Nov. 26th, 1839. He m. 2nd, Mary M. Knights. Ch. Mary A. Dea. Joseph Smart, b. in Concord. N. H.; m. Dec. 20th, 1826, Susan, (dau. of Timothy jr., and Sarah (Hewitt) Putnam) b. June 30th, 1809. Ch. L Susan, b. Apr. 24th, 1828 ; d. May, 1847. IL Joseph ' Henry, b.' June 23d, 1831 ; m. Mary Boutwell, of Charlestown — resides (1874) in. Ascutneyville, Vt., — two children living, Mary Bemis and Susan Nel- lie. III. Moses Putnam, b. Nov. 20th, 1833; m. Delia Garland, of Hartford, Ct.; resides in Springfield, Vt. Ch. 1. Joseph William. 2. Mina Georgianna. 3. Rosa. 4. Susie Anna. IV. Sarah Abigail, b. June 11th, 1843 ; m. George Heury Griggs, of Roxbury, Mass: Ch. . 1. William Henry, died. 2. George Albert. 3. Susanna. 4. Oscar Lewis. V. Malvina Amanda, b. July 20th, 1847; m. May 18th, 1867, James A. Partridge, of Springfield, Vt. Ch. 1. Marcus Albert, 2. Sarah Grace, buried one. All the children of Dea. Joseph Smart were b. in C. He held the oiEce of deacon in the Evangelical Con- gregational church. Died March 31st, 1864. His widow (1875) re- sides in C. Joel Smith m. Mille Pond (dau. of Jonathan and Thankful Pond) SMITH — SNOW. 551 b. Oct. 19th, 1786 or 87— came to Charlestown about 1809. Ch. I. William, b. Aug. 1st, 1811 ; d. 1869. II. Levi, b. Feb. 28th, 1817 ; ra. and spent most of his life in Keene, N. H.; d. in Holbrook, Mass., 1872. III. Hiram, b. Oct. 25th, 1818 ; m. 1st, in May, 1840, Harriet N. Briggs. Ch. 1. George. 2. Sarah A., m. James Richardson, Aug. 1st, 1866. Ch'. (1) Harriet K, b. Dec. 11th, 1867; d. Jan. 14th, 1872. (2) William Hiram, b. Aug. 10th, 1869. (3) James Edward, b. Apr. 25th, 1873 ; 3. an infant d.; 4. Edward. Mrs. Harriet N. Smith dying, Hiram Smith m. 2nd, Oct. 3d, 1854, Mary W.^Goodrich, b. in Cambridgep^rt, Mass., Nov. 2nd, 1828. Ch. 5. Charles Hi- ram, b. Nov. 14th, 1856. 6. Arthur Goodrich, b. Dec. 13th, 1858. IV'. George Smith, b. Oct. 29th, 1820; m. Clarinda Shat- tuck, of Hinsdale, N. H. She d. Apr. 1876. Ch. 1. Eugene P., b. Jan. 27th, 1846 ; m. Oct. 30th, 1867, Margarette Miirphy, b. in Providence, R. I., Oct. 1847. Ch.- (1) Anna C, b. Aug. 21st, 1868. (2) Flora May, b. March 1st, 1871. (3) Eugene M., b. May 27th, 1875. 2. El- la F., born in Worcester, Mass., Aug. 6th, 1849 ; m. June 9th, 1868, Fred S. Parks, (son of Darius Parks) b. June 12th, 1841 ; d. June 9th, 1872. One child, Estella M., b. Apr. 11th, 1869. 3. George F., b. May 19th, 1851. 4. Mary F., b. Oct. 14th, 1854 ; m. Maj 24th, 1874, Winfield S. Lombard (son of Charles Lombard) b. in Bridgewater, Vt., March 22nd, 1853. One child, Edith Louisa, b. May 25th, 1875. William Smith (son of James and Molly (Smith) Smith) b. in Canton, Mass., Oct. 1789 ; m. 1st, Dec. 2nd, 1818, Esther Crane, also of Canton.. Ch. I. Elijah, b. Sept. 28th, 1819 ; d. Feb. 14th, 1841. IL'Mary, b. Nov. 9th 1821; d. Nov. 30th; 1824. IIL William, b. Oct. 26th, 1823; d. Aug. 2nd, 1842. IV. George, b. July 13th, 1826 ; m. Jane S. Rand, of Charlestown —one son, born Nov. 6th, 1858. George resides in Chicago, 111. William Smith removed from Canton to Charlestown, Feb. 14th, 1829, and Mrs. Smith d. Dec. 7th, of that year. He m. 2nd, Polly Teuney (dau. of Amos Tenney, of Hancock, N. H.) b. July 4th, 1797. Ch." L Oren, b. Nov. 27th, 1832 ; m. Columbia Roania Frost, of Charlestown, b. Jan. 11th, 1834. Ch. 1. Willis Oren, b. Apr. 7th, 1856 ; d. March 27tb, 1857. 2. Elmer Ells- worth, b. Nov. 16th, 1861. 3. Delia Eva, b. July 11th, 1863; d. Aug. 7th, 1864. 4. Mary Esther, b. Nov. 25th, 1866. 5. Galen, b. June 28th, 1873; d. Sept. 4th, 1874. II. Cyrus, b. July 12th, 1834; m. May 19th, 1859, Tressie MuUooly, of Webster city, Iowa— residence Webster city. Frank Snow (son of Jonathan and Sarah (Bohauan) Snow) b. in 552 SNOW — SPAFFOE.D. Salsbury, k H., July 6th, 1824; m. Celestina P. Brown (dau. of ' Isaac and Anna (Guild) Brown) b. in Stratford, N. H., May 19th, 1825. Ch. I. Charles R., b. Oct. 18th, 1850, at Chelmsford, Mass. II. George A., b. Jan. 8th, 1853, in Acton, Mass.; m. Dec. 31st, 1873 Caroline A. Easter, of Charlestown. III. Harriet E., b. Feb. 27th, 1855, in Newark, Vt. IV. Herbert W., b. Jan. 28th 1«58, in Malone, N. Y. V. Sarah G., b. Feb. 29th, 1860, in Stratford, N. H.; d. in Charlestown. Aug. 26th, 1863. VI. Martha A., b., Jan. 22nd, 1862,- in Stratford, N. H.; d. Sept. 12th, 1863. VII. Arthur A. K.; b. in Charlestown, Nov. 18th, 1864. Capt. John Spafford. Capt. John Spaffoed, erected the first saw-mill and corn-mill, in - No. 4, by a contract with a committee appointed by the Proprietors. They were put in operation in 1744, but were burned on the 19th of April, 1746, by a parly of Indians who took Capt. Spafford, Lieut. Isaac Parker and Stephen Farnsworth, prisoners and carried them to Canada. (See Stephen Farnsworth, an account of.) The mills were rebuilt by Capt. Spafford, and again accepted in 1752, on the 4th of April. They were a second time burned in 1757, by a party of about seventy . French and Indians, when Samson Colefax, Deacon Thomas Adams, and David Farnsworth, and two others were taken prisoners. (See account of David Farnsworth.) They were again rebuilt, and "were not subsequently destroyed, but remained till Hall's MilK as they are cialled, were erected in their place. ' \*)?y*; v. (Capt. Spafford became widely known, and his grain-mill was exten- sively patronized by the early settlers west of No. 4, and on the upper Connecticut and Amonoosuc. The inhabitants of Haverhill, Newbury and Lancaster, were under the necessity, as there was no mill nearer, of coming to Charlestown, to get their grain ground at it; and so of nu- merous other towns. The names of individuals are sometimes "given who visited it. Thus a visit of Gen. Bailey of this kind, is preserved in the following lines : ".- ' General Bailey, of Newbury town, To old No. 4, to mill came down Good Captain Spafford, God rest his soul. Ground his grist, but would take no toll. This is a tradition whether it is fact or fable.' Captain David Page of Lancaster, frequently made journeys to Charlestown, for the same purpose. SPAFFORD — SPAULDING, ' 653 It is evident that Captaia Spafford was a most useful citizen, -and had the entire confidence of the proprietors and inhabitants, not only of Charlestown, but of the settlements above and beyond it. He was one of the ten male members, who helped to form Rev. Bulkley Olcott's Church. He was also honored by the town,which elected him, on two occasions, one of its selectmen. Ch. of Oapt. John and Hannah Spaf- ford. I. Eunice, b. Sept. 15th, 1729, at Boxford, in the Bay Province. II. Bradstreet, b. Sept. 2ad, 1731, at Rowley, Mass., m. Mary, maiden name unknown. -Bradstreet Spafibrd was a member of Capt. Phineas Stevens' Co., in 1750, and was also 1st Lieutenant, in Captain Abel Walkers' Co., No. 1, in Col. Bellows Regiment — 1777. He removed from Charles- town, to Pierraont, N. H., and in 1783, he and his two sons, Nathan and Asa, commenced the settlement of Fairfax, Vt. He was the moderator of the first town meeting, and the 1st selectman, elected in town. He is buried in the cemetery at Fairfax, but has no head-stone. Their children. 1. Prudence, b June 26th, 1753 ; 2. John, b. March 12th, 1755 ; 3. Eunice, b. Aug. 10th, 1757 ; 4. Asa, b. June 2ud, 1759 ; 5. Nathan, b. May 25th, 1761; 6. Phineas, b. June 12th, 1763, died Oct 11th, 1765; 7. Mary, b. Nov. 6th, 1765 ; .8. Damaris.b. Dec. 5th, 1767; 9. Eunice, b. Dec. 26th, 1769 ; d. Jan. 6th, 1770; 10. She- loma, b. Jan. 1st, 1772; 11. Bradstreet, b. Oct. 5th, 1773. III. Phebe, b. July 1st, 1733, at Rowley, Mass. IV. Peggy, b. June' 30th, 1735, at Rowley Mass., m. Benjamin Allen, Nov. 6th, 1751, she being sweet 16. (See Allen.) V. Asa, b. Jan. 30th, 1737. He was taken prisoner by the French and Indians, at Charlestown, on the 20th of April, 1757, with four others. (See account of David Farnsworth,) and was carried to Canada; He was exchanged and was on his way - home, when he died, the November following his capture, of small-pox, - at Quebec. VI. Mary, b. Sept. 20th, 1739, also at Rowley— VII. Abigail, b. March 26th, 1741. VIII. Relief, b. June 30th, 1744; d. Oct. 1758. IX. Harriet, b. Jan. 30th, 1747, at Leominster, Mass. This was at a time when No. 4 was deserted. X. Job Tyler, b. March 14th, 1749 ; d. June 15th, 1750. XI. Tyler, b. April 28th, 1754. Albebt E. Spaulding, (son of James and Sally (Fairbanks) SpauldingO b. in Lempster, N. H., Jan. 8th, 1820 ; m. Dec. 6th, 1840, Mercy A. Keyes, (dau. of Moses and Asenath (Dickey) Keyes), b. in Acworth, Nov. 9th, 1823, Ch. I. Ellen M., b. in Groton, Mass., Feb. 11th, 1842 ; m. Henry C. Kimball, (son of Brooks Kimball of Charles- 554 SPENCER. town,) b. March 22nd, 1837. Mrs. Kimball, died Dec. 26th, 1874— lived in Claremont. One child, Morris G. II. Sarah J., b. Aug. 2nd, 1844, in Acworth; died in Charlestown. Mr. Spaulding came to Charlestown, Nov. , ; died Dec. 13th, 1873. Mrs. Spauld- ing m. 2nd, Jan. 20th, 1875, Charles W. Gary, of Gharlestown. Taylor Spencer, came to Gharlestown about the year 1766. In 1768, purchased pew No. 19, in the old meeting house. He married March 11th, 1769, at the age of 24, Mary Davis, b. March 6th, 1740. A part of his children were born in Charlestown, and the rest in Springfield, Vt., in the cemetery of which place he has a stone erected to his memory. Gh. I. Jonathan, b. Aug. 10th, 1770. II. Eunice, b. Sept. 5th, 1771. III. Taylor, b. Apr. 2nd, 1773. IV. Abigail, b. Aug. 15th, 1775. V. Philey, b. Dec. 23d, 1777 ; m. John Walker. VI. and VIT. Simon and Silas, b. Nov. 7th, 1779 ; d. Nov. 13th same year. VIII. Mary, b. Oct. 20th, 1780 ; m. Jan. 30th, 1799, Dyer Walker (see Walker). IX. Simon, b. July 14th, 1782. X. Lynda, b. May 7th, 1784. XI. Levi, b. Dec. 18th, 1785 ; m., Nov. 17th. 1808, Elizabeth Putnam, (dau. of Timothy Putnam, jr.,) b. May 3d, 1788. Gh. 1. Benjamin P., b. Sept. 15th, 1809 ; d. Oct. 31st, 1834. 2. Sally, b. Aug. 25th, 1812 ; m. July 2nd, 1834, Samuel Smith Sart- well, and died Nov. 11th, 1848. 3. Eliza, b. March 22ad, 1815 ; d. Feb. 11th, 1827. 4. Belinda, b. March 22nd, 1818 ; m. Oct. 17th, 1838, Darius I. Eaton, and had eleven children, of whom the 2ud, Be- linda D., m.j Orin E. Fisk, of Charlestown (See His. of Acworth). Mrs. Eaton d. in A., in 1874. 5. Susan, b. Apr. 21st, 1823 ; m. Apr. ■ 29th, 1847, Horace Damon; lives in Springfield, Vt. 6.' Mary, b. March .24th, 1825 ; d. Feb. 12th, 1827 ; 7 and 8, Moses and Aaron, b. Nov. 26th, 1827. Moses removed to the west, -married — had one child, and died- in 187(2. Aaron m., Oct. 9tli, 1851, Fanny Stoddard, (dau. of > Simeon Stoddard) b. Sept. 4th, 1827 — settled in Charlestown — no children ; died July 5th, 1874. 9. Eliza Ann, b. Nov. 25th, 1830 ; d. Aug. 6th, 1837. XII. Clark, b. Dec. 17th, 1786. XIII. Samson, b. ' March 14th, 1788 ; d. March 18th, 1789. XIV. Milley, b. Feb. 6th, 1790; m. Oct. 20th, 1806, Peter Wright. XV. Theodosius, b. Oct. 2nd, 1793. XVI. Davis, b. Feb. 8th, 1796. Joseph and Lucy Spencer. Ch. I. Erastus, b. Apr. 30th, 1766 ; d. iu Brownington, Vt ; II. Luther, m. March, 1789, Sally Putnam. III. Elijah. IV. Joseph. V. Jerusha, m. Bailey Putnam. VI. ; m. Thaddeus Nott. Porter Spencer, b. Apr. 13th, 1800; m. Oct. 1st, 1827, Elizabeth- SPOONER — STEBBINS. 555 L. Knigh'ts, b. Dec. 10th, 1805. Ch. I. Sarah M., b. Aug. 28.th, 1828; d. July 19th, 1832; II. Charles P., b. Jan. 10th, 1831; d. Aug. 24th, 1832 ; III. Caroline B., b. June 1st, 1834 ; d. May 29th, 1845; IV. Sarah E., b. Apr. 15th, 1837; d. Nov. 30th, 1858 ; V. Mary Ellen, b. Jan. 21st, 1842 ; m. Elijah B. CJiase, Aug. 18th, 1870. VI. Martha S., b. Apr. 8th, 1844 ; m. Oct. 1st, 1867, Rodney H. Eamsay. Ch. 1. Sarah Langley, b. Dec. 21st, 1868 ; d. Feb. 23d, 1871 ; 2.' Harland, b. Dec. 17th, 1873. VII. Elijah Gilbert, b. Aug. 8th, 1846; VIII. Willard H., b. Nov. 8th, 1848; d. May 19th, 1849. John A. Spoonee, b. June 26th,1796 ; m. 1st, 1815, Prudence Jen- ner. Ch. I. Hannah E,., m. James Burlingame. II. Levisa, m. Je- hiel Severy. III. Stephen A., b. in Maria, N. Y., May 30tli, 1835; m. July 3d, 1855, Sophia Lois Hull, (dau. of Horace and Abigail K. Hull), b., Dec. 21st, 1839, at Windsor, Vt. Ch. 1. Sophia Abbie, b. Nov. 12th, 1856. 2.. Charles Horace, b. Aug. 6th, 1858. 3. Ruth Jen- ner, b. Dec. 27th, 1872. John A. Spooner, m. 2nd, Mrs. Laura' Dow, (dau. of Dr. Shepherd, of Brandon, Vt.,) settled in C. Capt. John Starrett, was the son of David Starrett Esq., and his wife Elizabeth Starrett — Elizabeth Starrett, d. in 1836, aged 86. Capt. John Starrett, d. in 1863, aged 75 — Ann his wife, died in 1857, aged 69. The names of four children are found on '" The Starrett Monu- ment," in the cemetery in the village, in the following order: Caroline died 1826, aged 6. Eliza Jane, d. 1823, aged 3. Maria A., died 1829, aged 19. Margarett A., d. 1829, aged 15. Other children were James, Edward, Emeline and Leonora. Capt. Starrett owned the place which is now the Town Farm. He was Sheriff of the County, or High Sheriff, from Jah. 1846 to Jan. 1851. He was also for some years Deacon of the Evangelical Congre- gational Church. He removed to Windsor, Vt., about 1853. He is buried in our cemetery. AsAHEL Stebbins, (son of Asahel and Sarah (Petty) Stebbins, of Northfield, Mass., b. 1728; m. Lydia Harwood, (dau. of John Har wood , of Ware River, Mass.,) and settled in Charlestown, or No. 4. Ch. I. Asahel, jr., b. May 30tb,1750; ra. Mar. 18th, 1771, Susanna, (dau. of Seth Field of Northfield, Mass.,) was in the campaign of 1777, and d. July 26th, 1822. (See His. Northfield.) II. Cyrus, b. April 26th, 1752; Revolutionary Soldier ; died Sept. 11th, 1776; III. Lvdia, bapt. June 30th, 1754; d. Oct. 4th. 1761; IV. Experience, b. Sept. 26th, 1756 ; m; Nov. 30th, 1809, Moses Gunn of Montague, Mass. " In an attack made upon Charlestown, Aug. 27th, 1758, Asahel Steb- 556 , STEBBINS — STEVENS. bins was killed," (on the meadow just below the place now occupied by Henry Willard,) " and his wife was taken prisoner by the Indians leaving four children, the eldest being but seven years of age. While on the march to Canada, Mrs. Stebbins became worn out by the hard- ships of the journey, and was unable to travel. As she had thus be- come an encumbrance to them the savages determined to burn her. She was fastened to the stake and witnessed the preparations^ for the horrid ceremony. Heart broken by her sorrows, exhausted by her suf- ferings, the captive had found her trials almost too great for endur- ance. She had no hope of ultimate release. In full faith that the portals of eternal rest were about to open for her she smiled upon her tormentors. The Indians, considering this an act of bravery and de- fiance, were filled with admiration that knew no bounds. She was at once released from her bonds and assisted and tenderly cared for the remainder of the journey. She was redeemed between September and December, 1758, and lived to good old age, dying Feb. 2ad, 1808, aged 76. A monument to her memory has recently been erected in the cemetery (at Northfield, Mass.) by some of her great-grand-chil- dren." (See History of Northfield.) She m. after the death of Mr. Stebbins, Samuel Merriman, Dec. 21st, 1759. Isaac Parker and David Hill were taken prisoners at the same time with Mrs. Stebbins. CaPT. PlItNEAS STEVE^FS. . Captain Phineas Stevens, whose name is inseparably associated with the early history of Charlestown, was . descended from Colonel Thomas Stevens, of Devonshire, in England, w&o in the latter part- of the reign of Charles I. or during the Protectorate, removed to Lon- don. Very little is known of this ancestor, but it maybe inferred from his title, that he was a man of some distinction, as he lived in times when such offices' were not easily attainable, except through personal merit, or tlie influenceof considerable wealth. He had four sons, from Cyprian the youngest? of whom is traced the descent of the subject of this memoir. The date of the emigration of Cyprian Stevens to this country, has not been ascertained ; but, we find that January 22nd, 1671, he was married to Mary AVillard, daughter of Major Si- • mon Willard, and Mary Dunster, his 3d -nife. On arriving iu this country, his first residence was at Chelsea, Mass., but at the time of his marriage, he was of Lancaster ; at which place afterwards he became a man of considerable consequence. He survived his wife, and mar- ried a second time. STEVENS. 557 Cyprian and Mary Stevens had four children, of whom Joseph mar- ried Prudence Rice, the daughter of John Rice, and settled in Sud- bury. In this place he resided several years, when he removed to Framingham. He was of Lancaster from 1716 to 1719, where he had two children, Joseph and Isaac baptized. The next year, he proba- bly removed to Rutland, where after its incorporation, he became one of its most prominent citizens, being honored by his townsmen with various important offices, and with a deaconship in the church. He had children born at Sudbury, Framingham and Rutland, eleven in all. Phineas was born in Sudbury, February 20th, 1706. On the 14th of August, 1723, while Phineas, and three of his young- er brothers, were proceeding to the meadow, where their father was making hay, they were surprised by five Indians, who immediately slew Samuel and Joseph, and took Phineas, who was the eldest, and Isaac, who was the youngest, prisoners. The father beheld the trans- action, but knowing that he was powerless for resistance, made his es- cape, into some bushes, which were fortunately growing near. Isaac, was but a child, being only four years old, and the savages doubtless thinking that he might be a liindrance to them in case they were pursued, or in some way be an annoyance, soon manifested their in- ■ tention of killing him. Phineas by their motions, quickly apprehend- ing their design, made earnest signs to them, which he succeeded in making them understand, that if they would spare the child, he would free them from all trouble in relation to him, by carrying him on his back. He was accordingly spared, and was conveyed by the noble youth in that manner to Canada ; and it was by this journey, and by his observation of Indian habits and character during his captivity, that he gained that knowledge of their peculiar mode of strategy and war- fare, which, at a later period of life, rendered him, the most formid- able adversary they had to encounter. The afflicted father followed his children to Canada, and succeeded in obtaining their redemption in the following year. ' From the time of his return from Canada nothing has come down to us which appears to be of sufficient interest to record till 1734 when he • married his cousin, Elizabeth Stevens of Petersham, Massachusetts. After his marriage he stUl remained in Rutland, which place he continu- ed to regard as his home till circumstances led him to become one of the early settlers of No. 4, now Charlestown, N. H. The time of his re- moving his family to Charlestown has not been ascertained. It prob- ably was not earlier than the spring of 1745. In the early part of the 558 STEVENS. summer of 1746, he removed them back again, where they remained be- fore returning to Charlestown till 1748. In 1755 he removed them to Deerfield, Massachusetts, where they were residing at the time of his death. Seven of his children were born in Kutiand, two in Charles- town and one in Deerfield. Captain Stevens, though not among the earliest, was an early settler. His name appears oh the Proprietors' Records the first time Sept. 13th, 1743, as a petitioner for a proprietors' meeting, and on the 4th of Oct., following, we find that Messrs John Spafibrd, Phineas Stevens. Isaac Parker, jun., Obadiah SartweU and Moses Willard were appointed a committee to provide and contract with some learned and orthodox preacher to preach the gospel to the inhabitants of the township, and, subsequently, his name occurs with such frequency on important com- mittees of the township as to show that he was regarded as one of its most capable and trustworthy citizens. But however high his standing as a common citizen, it is doubtless in his character as a military man that he is to be chiefly considered. It w'as in this that his genius was most fully developed, and in which he achieved his highest reputation. His first military commission was received from Governor Benning Wentworth, of New-Hampshire, and is dated December 13th, A. D. 1743. . It runs thus : — " To Phineas Stevens, of No. Four, so called, on the East of Connec- ticut river. You, the said Phineas Stevens, are commissioned to be Lieutenant of the foot company of Militia in the regiment whereof Jo- siah Willard Esq., is Colonel. [Signed,] B. Wentwoeth. Josiah Willard was one of the principal proprietors of the town of Winchester, and was Commander of Fort Dummer. The particular service which Lieutenant Stevens performed in connection with this reg- iment is not known, if he performed any. He was next commissioned by Governor William Shirley^ of Massachusetts, as Lieutenant in a company of volunteers raised for the defense of the western frontiers. This commission was dated on the 26th day of October, 1744. Jan. 9th, 1745, he was also appointed by Governor Shirley, Captain of a company of volunteers to be raised for His Majesty's service against the French and Indians. In another commission by Governor Shirley, he is appointed first Lieutenant of a company of soldiers raised for the de- fense of the western frontiers, for the protection of the inhabitants, whereof Josiah Willard, jun. "is Captain. This commission bears date t STEVENS. 559 July 29th, 1745. The following commission is copied from Caleb Stark's sketch of the subject of this memoir, embraced in the volume containing his life of Greneral John Stark. It was furnished by Henry Stevens and is a copy from the original : ■ By His Excellency, The Governor. These are to direct you forthwith to enlist sixty able bodied, effective volunteers, to miake up a marching company on the western frontiers. Twenty-five of which sixty men you may so enlist out of the standing com- panies in those parts ; taking effectual care that that enlistment be made with as much equality as may be, so as not much to weaken any partic- ular party of those soldiers ; and with the said company to scout during the summer season in such places where the Indian enemies hunt or dwell, keeping one half of your company at the garrison, called No. Four, to guard and defend the inhabitants there and to repel and des- troy the enemy that may assault them ; and upon return of the half that go out upon the march the half just mentioned forthwith to march out and scout in the manner above said ; and so interchangeably — one part to continue to do their duty at No. Four, and the other to be upon the march above said. And you, the officer that shall command the said marching party must keep exact journals of your marches, noting down all circumstan- ces and making such observations as may be useful hereafter. You must take care to keep an exact discipline among your men, punishing all iijnmoralitj and profaneness and suppressing all such disorders in your marches and encampments, as may tend to disorder and expose you to the enemy. . Given under my hand at Boston, this twenty-sixth day of April 1746 in the 19th year of his majesty's reign, William Shieley. To Captain Phineas Stevens. Another commission from the same source bears date at Boston, June 16th, 1746. During this summer Captain Stevens was of great service in the de- fense of No. Four — being ever watchful while others were incautious, he several times rescued parties of soldiers, who, contrary to his counsel had needlessly exposed themselves to dangers. For though most of the time engaged in varied service under the particular direction of the Captain General, he still kept such a watch of the movements of the In- dians as to be able to be present at No. Four at those junctures when 560 STEVENS. his counsel and help were most imperatively demanded. But, notwith- standing all the endeavors of the inhabitants to protect themselves, and all the aid extended to them by Massachusetts, their circumstances were still rendered so difficult by the numerous depredations of their Indian enemies that they felt obliged towards the latter part of the year, when Massachusetts withdrew her forces, to abandon the settlement and retire to their former homes till such time as they, could return with greater safety, and more favorable prospects. We learn from the journal of Captain Eleazer Melvin (found 207 page, Vol. v., N. H. Historical Collections) that Captain Stevens and Captain Hobbs with their companies marched in conjunctibn with him from the 15th to the 20th of May, 1748, from No. 4. to Otter Creek, in search of the enemy, when, making no discovery, they thought it best to take another course and leave Captain Melvin to proceed alone. In 1749 he was appointed by the government of Massachusetts, to pro- ceed with a flag of truce to Canada to negotiate the redemption of cap- tives from the Indians. Of this expedition he kept a journal "which is found in his report made "To the Honorable Spencer Phipps, Esq, Commander in and over His Majesty's Province, and to the Honorable His Majesty's Council now met in Boston, December 15th, 1749." This journal is found in the collections of the New-Hampshire His- torical Society, Vol. V, page 199, and contains a particular account of his journey^ to and his return from Canada, as well as of the transac- tions there. The following extracts wiU be of interest : , , , " Sometime in August last I was appointed by the honorable commis- sioners (then appointed by the honorable Court), to go to Canada as their pilot. I accordingly repaired to my post at No. 4, to get my affairs in order, and proposed to attend them. Just as I was prepared I received a letter from the Honorable John Chandler, Esq. informing me that the Commissioners were not to go. Upon the receipt of which I, with 'all speed, repaired to the Honorable Col. Chandler, and from thence, by his direction, to Boston, where I received His Excellency Governor Shirley's letter to the Governor of Canada, as also His Excellency's and your Honor's orders to proceed with the same to the Governor of Canada. Sept. 13th I set out from Boston. Sept. 16th I arrived at Hadley, where I met my son, returned from his captivity.'' , This was Enos Stevens, who had been taken prisoner in the month of June previous. The following is his account of his reception : " The Governor received us very kindly — asked us to sup with him, which accordingly I did. The Governor told me he should ask me no STEVENS. 561 questions that night Oct. 29th waited upon the Governor that morn- ing, who interrogated me very particular what was my business. I de^ livered the public letter, when he demanded of me all the private letters. He understanding that I had no special orders to treat with the Gov- ernor General, told me he thought it not proper that I should go to Quebec, and that he would send the letter by an express, and if the Governor General thought it necessary he would send for me ; if not I might expect on the return of the express, to be sent immediately home; at the same time he strictly forbid my having any conversation with the Indians, and threatened if he perceived I had, I should be immediately confined. Gave orders to my landlord, the King's interpreter, to keep us always under his inspection. I continued at Montreal eight days (where I was very well entertain- ed.) I made it"my constant business to enquire after prisoners." " Nov. 5th the express returned to Montreal with the answer to Gov- ernor Shirley's letter. The sixth of November I was ordered home. I desired liberty to tarry one day longer. The Governor told me the orders from ,the Governor General were so strict he could not grant me the fa- vor. I accordingly set out with an officer and five soldiers who had or- ders to bring me to Crown Point." After arriving at Crown Point, Captain Stevens was left to take care of himself. The following extract will show some of the difficulties of a journey from Crown Point to Albany in those days, especially at the season in which his journey was made. " Nov. 15th, took our departure with the Indians (two Cagnawaugen Indians whom he had hired to assist him) in a birch canoe ; came about five miles'; found so much ice we could go no further; 16th, 17th and 18th, lodged here, waiting for the ice to be strong enough to bear us ; 19th, drew our canoe on the ice about seven miles; found it very diffi- cult — felling several times into the water ; 20th, drew our canoe three miles further on the ice ; found it so weak, (that is the ice) we could not travel ; 21st, lay still ; 22nd, travelled on the ice leaving our canoe ; 23d, passed the mouth of Wood Creek into a large pond, which has a small communication to the drowned lands lying to the west of the mouth of Wood Creek ; 24th, travelled over the said pond, about four or five miles in length, and then two or three miles up a small river ; we here took our packs on our backs and travelled in an Indian path, trodden by them inJ,heLr descents upon the Dutch this last war and not before. Nevertheless it is so trod that we could easily follow it, although the snow was four or five inches deep ; Nov. 25th, we travelled in said. 562 STEVENS. road ; 26th, we came to Hudson's River in the morning about five miles above Col. Lydius' trading house. This carrying place from where we first took up our packs I judge' to be twenty-two miles to Hudson's River; the travelling level and exceeding good, except about two miles when we first left the aforesaid small river." This whole journal constitutes a document of no little interest, but I can quote no more.* "Allusion has been made to a commission given to Captain Stevens by Governor Shirley, bearing date at Boston, June 16th, 1746. The ob- ject of this commission wUl be seen by the following memorial ; " Ad- dressed to Honorable Spencer Phipps, Lieutenant Governor of this Province (Massachusetts) and the Council, June 12th, 1750." "The memorial of Phineas Stevens, of Number Four, humbly shew- eth:— That upon his enlisting fiimself a volunteer in His Majesty's service for the then intended expedition against Canada, he removed his fam- ily, viz. his wife and six children to Rutland from Number Four, ex- pecting himself soon to set out for Canada on said expedition, and, that upon the delay ot that expedition he was, by direction -from His Ex- cellency the Captain General, ordered to the frontiers of the Province, and was constantly employed on the frontiers, either in guarding stored to Fort Massachusetts f or Number Four, or in keeping the /fort"! at Number Four till the said expedition was laid aside and the Canada forces dismissed; in which time he defended the said Fort Number Four from a vigorous attack of the enemy ; and his other services in that term he humbly hopes were acceptable to the province, wbere he was at very great expense in supporting his family, at a distance from his station ; and as his expenses so he humbly conceives his constant labors and ser- * In Jan. 1751, Captain Stevens w'as again commissioned to go to Canada on a eimilar errand. He was this time accompanied by William Heywood and James Farnsworth. They set out on the 8th of January, but owing to bad travelling, rains and other things that caused delay they did not reach Albany till the 24th, where they remained till the afternoon of the 29th, when they proceeded on their way. They went to Quebec, where they arrived on the 20th of February, In this expedition Captain Stevens was successful in gaining the release of several prisoners, who -were taken to Boston, where he arrived about the 1st of April. [Heywood'a Journal.] f Fort Massachusetts was situated in the town of Adams in the western part of the State of Massachusetts It was located on the north end of Saddle Mountain, and remains of it are still to be seen or were a few years ago. From 1746 to 1756 it was deemed a very important post for the defense of the frontier in that section. STEVENS. 563 vices for the province in that term distinguish his case from that of most if not any of the officers who enlisted themselves for the Canada service, he therefore prays your honorable consideration of the premises and that your honor would grant that he may be allowed the common al- lowance for a soldier for subsistence during the said term, and your memorialist as in duty bound will ever pray. Phineas Stevens. In the House of Representatives, June 13th, 1750. Read and ordered that the memorialist be allowed out of the pub- lic treasury the sum of ten pounds and eight shillings, in full consid- eration of the above named. S. Phipps." After the successful termination of the expedition against Louisburg, another was set on foot for the invasion of Canada, which as it was never carried out, Captain Stevens in the above memorial, speaks of as the intended expedition. The New-Hampshire regiment, raised for it, was ready to march on the first of July, 1746, but was delayed as were the forces of Massachusetts, by the news of the approach of a powerful French army and fleet, to the eastern coast. This fleet con- sbted of about forty ships of war, besides transports ; and brought over between three and four thousand regular troops, with veteran officers, and 3,11 kinds of military stores ; and was indeed the most powerful armament that had ever been sent to North America. The intended Canadian expedition was therefore abandoned, as it was thought that the troops wou]d be needed for defense at home. For a time tlie deep- . est anxiety and excitement prevailed on all the New England coast. But through providential disasters, the power of the armament was soon broken in such a manner, without any human aid, that only a small and scattered remnant of it ever returned to France ; and the people with- out any instrumentality on their part, were' delivered from their fears. In July, 1752, Captain Stevens was once more commissioned by the government of Massachusetts, to proceed to Canada to negotiate for the deliverance of such captives belonging to the State, as he might there find. He was accompanied in this mission by Mr. Wheelwright, of Boston. On arriving at Montreal, not finding as they anticipated, the prisoners belonging to Massachusetts, they decided on the redemp- tion of two from New-Hampshire. These were John Stark, subsequent- ly the celebrated General Stark, the hero of Bennington, and Amos Eastman.* The ransom of Stark was one hundred and three dollars, * Afterwards of Hollis, N.TI. 564 STEVENS. and that of his friend Eastman, sixty dollars. The ransom of Stark was not paid in money, but he was given up for an Indian pony, for which the amount above specified, had been paid. These sums which were thus paid for ftie redemption of two of her sons, were never re- paid by New-Hampshire. The policy of Massachusetts was more lib- eral, as she invariably and with as much promptness as possible, re- deemed all her captives. Stark ultimately paid the price of his re- demption himself, by pursuing his vocation as a hunter, on the river Androscoggin. The estimation in which Captain Stevens was held, is shown by the following letter from Governor Shirley to Governor Benning Went- worth, of New-Hampshire, and the accompanying vote of the General Assembly of Massachusetts, which is subjoined. ' Letter from Gov. Shirley to Governor Wentworth. Sir — The Assembly of this Province, having been apprized of some measures your Excellency's Government are taking for the redemption of such persons, taken by the Indians and carried prisoners into Can- ada, as belong to your Province, are desirous to join with you in this aflair, that some expense may be saved to both governments, by em- ploying one and the same person to transact this business at Canada, have judged Gapt. Phineas Stevens, one of your ovm government, to be a proper person to be employed in this service, and" the Council and House of Representatives, have desired me to write to your excellency on this subject, as you will see by the enclosed copy of their vote. Youir' Excellency will therefore be pleased to let me have your answet, as soon as may be, that so the matter "may be fully agreed upon before bur Assembly rises ; I am with great regard, Sir ...f your Excellency's most humble and most obedient servant W. Shikley. His Excellency, Benning Wentworth, Esq." " Vote of the General Assembly, of Massachusetts. Inasmuch as sundry persons belonging to this Province, some of whom were soldiers, and taken from the fort on Kennebeck river, are now in captivity at Canada — and as this court have been informed, that there are also divers persons in captivity, belonging to the gov- ernment of New-Hampshire, therefore voted, that his Excellency, the captain General, be desired as soon as may be, to write to the Gov- ernor of New-Hampshire, informing him that this court propose to em- STEVENS. 565 ploy Capt. Phineas Stevens, of No. 4, to go to Canada to redeem the captives belonging to this government ; provided the government of New-Hampshire, will also employ him and pay a proportionable part of the expense of his journey, according to the number he shall recover ' from their captivity for the respective governments." The above letter and vote were submitted by Governor Wentworth to the Assembly of New-Hampshire, but owing to previous action on the subject, on the part of New-Hampshire, .the proposition of Ma,ssa- chusetts, was not adopted. Captain Stevens was continued in his position as commander of the fort at No. 4, till the close of the Cape Breton war, and on the com- mencement of the French war was again immediately placed in the same command. His commission is dated April 26th, 1754. He re- mained in Charlestown and retained this command till sometime in the year 1755, when he removed his family to Deerfield, Massachusetts, to go on military service in Nova Scotia to which I shall hereafter refer. ., The military services of Captain Stevens have thus far been chiefly referred to ; but ia brief consideration will now be given of his services rendered and the honors paid him as a citizen of Charlestown. It has been seen that, in the years 1735 aud 1736 while the appeals which had been made both by Massachusetts and New-Hampshire to his maj- esty the king of Great Britain to decide the boundary line between the two Provinces were still depending, the General Assembly of The 'Massachusetts Bay made grants of above thirty townships lying be- tween the rivers Merrimac and Connecticut, which townships by the royal decision in. 1738 fell within the Province of New-Hampshire. These grants thus having emanated from an authority which had no juris- diction over the soil, afforded the grantees no valid title to their lands. The Attorney aud Solicitor General was therefore called upon to make a report in relation to what would be right aud proper to be done in the premises; in which it was substantially recommended that those who had made improvements on their lands should apply to the gov- ernment of New-Hampshire for new charters confirming them in the . rights and privileges which had been guaranteed to them by their char- ters from Massachusetts. This important business, we find by the fol- lowing from the 26th page of Vlth volume of Provincial Papers, was committed by the Proprietors of No. 4 to Captain Phineas Stevens. At a Council and General Assembly, July 2nd, 1753, among sundry other petitions was presented the following : " The petition of Phineas Stevens, Esq., in bahalf of himself and the 566 STEVENS. claimers and settlers of a tract of land on Connecticut river known by the name of Number Four, setting forth that the said tract of land was heretofore granted to them by the Massachusetts Government, in pur- suance of which they had divided the same and made great improve- ments thereon, and praying they might have a grant of the premises in such a manner as to confirm them in their several divisions &c., which was read at the council Board, and the question being put whether they would advise his Excellency to make out a charter agreeable thereto, it passed in the affirmative unanimously.* The newly incorporated township was named Charlestown, and its first town meeting was appointed by the charter to be on the 2nd Tuesday in August, of which Mr. Stevens was appointed moderator by the governor. At this meeting Captain Stevens was elected first selectman and town treasurer, and John Hastings was chosen town clerk. The next year also he was elected to all the offices he had held the year before This was his last year in Charlestown, as the next year he was en- gaged" in military service, in Nova Scotia. When about to leave for the expedition to Nova Scotia, Capt. Stevens removed his family to *The following relating to the townships No. 1, 2 and 3 may not be without in- terest. •■ At a Conncil holden at Portsmouth according to his excellency's summons, Feb'y the 10th, 1752, the Secretary, by his Excellency's order, laid before the Board three petitions froin sundry persons praying for three separate townships of his Majesty's lands lying on the east side of Connecticut river, beginning at the north side of tract of land called Winchester, and exteading up the river to the north- ' ward so as to join to No. 4, so called, and cast to the land called the Ashuelotts as far as they (the Ashuelotts) go to the northward, (viz.) That the first or most Southerly township, called No. (1) in the plan exhibited, may be allotted to the pe- tition signed Elias Alexander John Brooks and others; that the township adjoin- ing northerly on No. (1) and marked No. (2) in the said plan ho granted on the petition of Elias Hubbard, Thomas Chamberlain and others ; and that, the town- ship marked No. (3) on said plan and adjoining No. (4) may be granted to the pe- tition signed Benjamin Bellows, Ebenezer Harris and others, all which petitions and plans being perused by the council, the Secretary, by his Excellency's order, put it to the council whether they would consent to the granting the said respec- tive tracts of land to the petitioners with such others as should be thought proper to be entered as associates, to which the council did advise and consent." In accordance with the above we find that Chesterfield the original No. (1) and Westmoreland, the original No. (2), were incorporated Feb. 11th, 1752, the next day after the consideration of the petitions, and that Walpole which was No. (3) received its charter on the 16th of the same mouth. STEVENS. 567 Deerfield, Massachusetts, where they resided till the time of his death when they again removed to Charlestown. _ Captain Stevens and his, company sailed from Boston for Nova Scotia on the 20th of May, and reached their destination in the Bay of Fundy, on the 1st of June. Their first work was to aid in the reduc- tion of the French Fort, Beau Sejour, which surrendered on the 4th day after its investment. Its name was then changed to Fort Cumber- land. . The following extract of a letter from Lieut. Eltas Alexander, of Northfield, in connection with this fort, may be of interest. It is dated Aug. 15th, 1755. He says " We still remain in camp, and iit is most likely we shall tarry here all winter. The French that are in this place, are obliged to take up arms for us, or go oflf, which they re- fuse to do, and they will be sent to France immediately. All their effects are forfeited to King George. They have a great number of cattle and horses which will be for our use. We have about 400 con- fined in the fort, and parties of our men are out daily bringing in the rest. All the French that are in Meaness (Minas) and any where else in the country must bear the same fate." (His. of Northfield by Shel- don and Temple.) The following letter written by Samuel Stevens to his father, shows that at the time of its date, he was still at Fort Cumberland. Deerfield, Nov. 10th, 1755, Honored Father. 'Aft«f my. duty to you and love to my brother with you (this broth- er was probably Simon Stevens) I would inform you that Enos is re-' turned — came to Deerfield last Thursday, and was joyfully received. We have the pleasure of telling you we are dll well at present, except my mother, who is abed with a daughter, named Dorothy, both like to do well. This is joyful news to tell you of, and we all desire to be joyful with you. I have nothing remarkable to inform you of our army yet-^one to Crown Point. I believe will go no further than Lake St. Sacrament, now called Lake George, for they have built a strong fort there and another at Lydius' Trading House, called fort Lyman. I suppose their business this winter will be to keef) those forts — and I hear Governor Shirley is at Albany, returning home- wards. The Indians have done no mischief on our frontier since , July. As to our affairs at home, they are somewhat difficult. * * * j have received but very little money this summer, not more than we 568 STEVENS. necessarily used in our own family. Capt. Spafford has made up no Muster roll yet, but I believe he will be down in a few days. I do not think but it will be a benefit to send the amount on your book against several men in your company that you may stop the mon- ey in your own bauds. as viz. Titus Belding, Dr. Old Tenor, to Articles, £ 5, 13, 6. Thomas Steb- bins, £ 14, 6, 0. Rufus Brown, £ 3, 6. 0. Gad Elmer, £ 11, 15, 8. Joseph Brooks, £ 19, 13, 0. Beriah Grandy, £ 20, 8, 1. This is a true account due on your book. This I conclude with my mother's presenting her love to you and her son with you, and I with the rest of my brothers and sisters, present the same. With the blessing of God I hope the time will come when we shall all happily meet again. No more at present, but I still remain your most dutiful son. Sam'l Stevens. Capt. Stevens. The following is the direction on the letter. , , To Capt. Phineas Stevens at Fort Cumberland in Shegnect9 in Nova Scotia. , . - To carrier Mr. David Jefferson, Boston, received and forwarded by your humble servant, Oliver Noyes. .^y In the following year while still engaged in the public service at Chenecto, he was seized with a fever of which he died, April 6th, in the 51st year of his age. --'•■' • '7'-' The character of Captain Stevens is thus summed up by another. "He was athletic, hardy and resolute; ever ready to cultivate his acres or arm in their defense as well as for the protection of his country- men. He was truly a martial husbandman, " Who in tlie reapers' merry row. Or warrior rank could stand." A man of self-acquired education possessing deep penetration and in- telligence, he was admirably fitted for the important public services in the performance of which he was entrusted by the government." To which may be added that the frontier on the Cennecticut had no more able defender and Charlestown no more trustworthy man. Children and descendants, of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens. STEVENS. 569 Hon. Samuel Stevens. I. Samuel Stevens, b. July 4th, 1735, at Rutland, Mass., m. Talitha Bingham, of Lempster, Dec. 31st, 1777. He settled in Charlestown, and became one of its mpst distinguished citizens. He was in the ar- my in the old French War, and was a Lieutenant as early as 1758. He was recommended in 1759, by Major Robert Rogers, in a letter to C!ol. Townsend, Deputy Adjutant General, to Lord Amherst, as a suit- able person to take charge of the Fort at No. 4 " General Stanwix informs me that a subaltern and twenty Rangers are to be stationed at Number Four. I would recommend Lieutenant Stevens, who is well acquainted with the country in that quarter. Robert Rogers." In a reply to this letter, dated Feb. 5th, 1759, Colonel Townsend says, " Lieutenant Stevens has been notified of the General's' intention of leaving him at Number Four." In November of the same year, he was ordered to the Cooklnter- vales with provisions, to meet Major Rogers, in his return from his expedition against the St. Francis Indians. He obeyed the order, and repaired to the place appointed, but remained only two days, when he returned to Charlestown taking with him all the provisions. In conse- quence of this too hasty return. Major Rogers and his men suffered ter- ribly for want of food, and some of them died from actual starvation. Lieutenant Stevens was censured, both by Major Rogers and Lord Amherst for not having tarried longer, but he averred that he acted in ' the matter according to the best of his judgment, and deeply lamented the consequences that resulted from his course. In 1760, he was em- ployed by a land company, to explore the country from White River to the heads of the Onion and Lamoille rivers, to find out the best lands for settlement. He subsequently surveyed many townships for the proprietors and was much employed in the business of conveyancing. The , following offices to which he was elected, will show the estima- tion in which he jyas held by the public. He was elected twelve times one of the selectmen ; the first time, in the year 1762, the last in 1798. He was Town treasurer for the year 1765 — representative for the years 1793-94-96-97-98 and 99. Councillor for the years, 1784-85-86-87- 88-89— Register of Probate, from 1794 till the time of his death. He also held the office of Colonel in the Militia. He died November 23d, 1823, in the 89th year of his age. Mrs. Stevens d. Jan. 22ud, 1803, aged 47 years. 670 STEVENS, Children of Hon. Samnel and Talitha (Bingham) Stevens. 1. Solon Stevens, b. Oct. 3d, 1778, graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1798. Studied law with Hon. John C. Chamberlain, and died August 29th, 1809. Solon Stevens practised law at Exeter, N. H., removed to Bos- ton, in 1808. Hon. Enos Stevens. 2. Enos Stevens b. May 14th, 1780; m. Nov. 2nd, 1811, Martha Hunt, (dau. of Eoswell and Mary Willard H«nt of Charlestown), b. May 4th, 1792. Ch. (1) Samuel Hunt, b. Ang. 17th, 1812 ; m. July, 1836, Lucetta Putnam of Unity, N. H. (dau. of Benjamin and Sarah (Willard) Putnam.) He became a farmer at Rochester, 111., where he died May 15th, 1839. He left one child, Samuel Phineas Stevens, b. in 1838, who m. Olive Slater, and settlied in Missouri. (2) Mary Ellen, b. in Charlestown, May 31st, 1814 ; m. April 27th, 1835, John Swain, M. D., b. at Newburyport, Mass. He settled at Ballardsvale, Ky. (8) Harriet, b. at C. April 17th, 1817 ; d. July 17th, 1826. (4) Martha Ann, b. at C. March 15th. 1821 ; m. Feb. 21st, 1839, George Hubbard, Esq., son of Samuel Hubbard, of C. b. April 4th, 1812. one child (see Hubbard.) (5) Sarah Elizabeth, b. March 21st, 1826 ; m. at Ballardsvale, Ky., April 2nd, 1846, Robert Greene Blakemore, of Ky., b. Jan. 25th, 1815. He was a planter and died in Oldham, Co., Ky., July 24th, 1853— Mrs. Blakemore (1874) resides in Charles- town. (6) George Enos Stevens, b. Sept. 10th, 1830 ; d. March 2nd, '1832. (7) Harriet Prudence Stevens, b. Feb. 29th, 1832, resides (1875) at Charlestown. Enos Stevens, whose family is given above, was an honored citizen of Charlestown — He was thirteen times elected moderator of the town; the Ist time in 1820, the last in 1841. He was four years town clerk. Twenty years one of the selectmen, and six years represented the town in the Legislature. In addition to these honors, he was Councillor for the years 1838 and 1839, and the candidate of the whig party for Governor, for the years 1840-41-42. The first two years in ■which he was a candidate for this office, he received a handsome ma- jority of the votes of his townsmen. But in 1842, when Hon. Henry Hubbard, was the opposing Democratic candidate, the citizens of Charlestown bestowed upon both equal honor, there being no plurality nor majority. The following which is taken from a . contemporary Journal, will show in what estimation Mr. Stevens was held by his party. ^' ENO^ STEVENS. STEVENS. 571 " This gentleman, Hon. Enos Stevens, now stands before the people of New-HarapsLire, as the candidate of the whig party for the office of Governor. We have said enough of him, when we have said, that he is an able, and honest man. These terms include everything req- uisite for any office. Mr. Stevens is not unknown to the people of his State, as an able and sound legislator. He has been much in pub- lic life, as such, and has ever been found a friend of the people. He is a farmer by profession, and a very excellent farmer, too, we believe, but he has ever been distinguished as a man of sound judgment, and extensive knowledge of state and national politics — a man, whom all ■who know him, honor and respect, what,ever may be his political opinions. We commend him to the support of our fellow citizens, as one who will command the respect of all for the government over which he may be called to preside." Nashua Telegraph. Mr. Stevens after a long and useful life, died Sept. 10th, 1864, in the 85th year of his age. Mrs. Martha (Hunt) Stevens d. March 2l3t, 1870. 3. Polly (dau. of Samuel and Polly (Bingham) Stevens) b. Feb. 6th, 1782; m. Dec. 1808, James Hervey Bingham, and settled in Al- stead, N. H. She died Sept. 1818. 4. Samuel Bingham, b. Nov. 30th, 1783 ; m. in 1810, Miss Joanna Folsom, of Exeter, b. June 25th, 1787. Mr. Stevens died in August, 1824. Mrs. Joanna Stevens died in 1873. Their home was in Exeter, N. H. Ch. (1) Samuel Folsom, son' of Samuel B. and Joanna Stevens, b. Sept. 1811 ; d. on the Island of St. Thomas, in 1854 — a wife and four children survive. (2) Elizabeth Emery, b. in Exeter, Feb. 3d, 1816 ; m. Jan. 15th, 1839, Prof. Wil- liam Augustus Norton (son of Heman and Julia (Strong) Norton) b. Oct. 25th, 1810. Mr. Norton graduated at West Point, in 1831, and has since 1852 been Professor of Civil Engineering, at Yale College. 5. Elizabeth, b. Apr. 16th, 1788 ; d. July 18th, 1789. 6. Talitha, b. Feb. 22nd, 1792; d. June 17th, 1873. The writer of this can testify that one who lived a truer Christian life he has not found. 7. Pru- dence Stevens, b. June 16th, 1794; m. Dec. 7th, 1817, Hiram Bing- ham, of Claremont. Mrs. Bingham, d. in Charlestown, Sept. 6th, 1872. II. Willard (son of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens, and twin brother of Hon. Samuel Stevens) b. at Rutland, Mass., July 4th, 1735 ; m. Olive Willard, Aug. 11th, 1773. He became one of the principal proprietors of Barnet, Vt.,to which place he removed with his family in June 1776 ; but, soon after the commencement of the Revolutionary 672 ^TEVENS. war, returned again to Charlestown. He died June 1st, 1789, aged 54. Children of Willard and Olive Stevens. 1. Dorothy, b. May 22ad, 1774; 2. ; b. Sept. 5th, 1775; 3. Glory Allen, b. Sept. 22nd, 1776 ; 4. Olive, b. July 2nd, 1781 ; d. Jan. 10th, 1786. III. Simon, son of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens, was b. at Rutland, Mass., Sept. 3d, 1737. Simon Stevens was a man of great energy of character, and inheri- ted much of the military spirit of his father. He was commissioned on the 14th of January, 1768, when uot quite twenty-one years of age, by General Loudoun, Lieutenant of a company commanded by, Capt. John Stark, afterwards the distinguished General of that name, and par- cipated with his brave captain, in the arttacks on the French lines, at Ticonderoga, on the 6t]i, 7th aud 8th of July of that year. July 9th, 1760, he received a commission, as captain of a company of Rangers. This was given, at Three Rivers, and was signed by Lord Amherst. As the Ranger service was very important in the army,' there can be no better evidence, that he had previously acquitted himself with honor. In 1763-64 and 68, Capt. Stevens was chosen moderator of the town, and also in May, of the latter year, to represent the town in the General Assembly, at Portsmouth. He was the first representative ever chosen from Charlestown, and represented the town for three years. When Governor Benning Wentworth, of New-Hampshire, granted to certain petitioners, the charter of the town of Barnet, Ver- mont, Capt. Simon Stevens was appointed to notify the first town meet- ing, for the choice of town officers, and to act as its moderator. The meeting was held the first Tuesday in October, 1764. All subsequent meetings for the same purpose, by the charter, were to be held in March. Capt. Stevens was one of the largest proprietors of the town- ship. About 1774, Capt. Simon Stevens, ceased to be an inhabitant of Charlestown. He was subsequently engaged in the war of the Revo- lution, but not, it is believed, in connection with any New-Hampshire Regiment. Capt. Simon Stevens, of Springfield, Vt., and Capt. Si- mon Stevens of Charlestown, were difierent persons, but are frequently spoken of as the same. IV. Enos Stevens (son of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens) b. Oct. 2nd, 1739, in Rutland, Mass.; m. March 4th, 1791, Sophia Grout (dau. of Elijah and Mary- (Willard) Grout) b. in Lunenburg, Mass., Feb. 6th. 1765. STEVENS. 573 On the cessation of hostilities between France and Great Britain, in 1749, the government of Massachusetts withdrew the troops from No. 4. But, on the 17th of June, the day they left the fort, the Indians appeared and shot Ensign Obadiah Sartwell, who was harrowing in the garden, and took young Stevens, who was riding the horse, a prisoner. Stevens was carried to Montreal, but was immediately sent back, so that he arrived at home about the middle of the September following. He was kindly treated, but retained to the close of his life a vivid recollec- tion of the circumstances of his capture and captivity. The following is from Henry Stevens, late of Barnet, Vt.: " Enos Stevens, (my father) was a lieutenant A. D. 1756. I had his journal of an expedition up West River, and so on to Fort Massachu- setts. His diary was burnt in the Vermont State House. It seems from this that the above commission was conferred upon him when only about sixteen years of age. He was elected one of the Selectmen of Charlestown for the years 1773-75-76." ■ " In the war of the Revolution he took the side of the British. His father and brothers had been honored by commissions from the Gover- nors of New-Hampshire and Massachusetts Bay, while they were Brit- ish provinces, and like many others, no doubt, he thought that the pow- erful crown of Great Britain would soon crush the infant American Re- public. In his journal he writes : "CharlestOAvn, N. H., May 2nd, 1777. Set out for New-York ; left my all, for the sake of my king and my country." Tn New York he joined a volunteer company appointed to keep guard on the coast, but it does not appear that he was ever engaged in battle. He, with six others. Sept, 30th, 1782, received a commission from his ex- cellency the Commander in Chief of the British forces, to go to Nova- Scotia to take charge of the provisions, arms and ammunition sent by the Commandar-in-Chief for the use of refugees, going with them to settle in that country, and divide the same among them. He bought land and settled in Digby, Nova Scotia, where he resided till 1875. After the war he applied to the British government for in- demnity for " loyalty, losses and services," but it is not probable that he was indemnified, for his property was not confiscated. In his journal he writes, " Feb. 25th, 1785, Came to Charlestown ; found all my friends well ; seven years and ten months since I left this town." He went from Charlestown to Barnet, Vt., and was present at a meeting of the proprietors, Aug. 23d, 1785, and drew his shares in the town as one 574 STEVEKS — STOUGHTON. of the proprietors when the first division took place. Soon after, he sold his possessions in Nova Scotia and went to Barnet to reside, where, hav- ing purchased the lands owned by his brother, and obtained vendue ti- tles to others, he became proprietor of the principal part of the township with which his interests and history became identified. Mr. Stevens had ten children, all born in Barnet, Vt., among whom was Henry Stevens, the distinguished antiquarian. For a further ac- count of the family see page 378 memoir of Phineas Stevens, by Caleb Stark, contained in' the volume of the Life of General John Stark. Mrs. Stevens died in 1815. (See romantic marriage of two Charlestown girls, in Historical Miscellany). V. Mary, (dau. of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens) b. March 28th, 1742, at Rutland, Mass.; m. Elijah King. He was jail-keeper in Charlestown iu 1773 (see Jail.) Soon after the commencement of the Revolutionary War they remov- ed from Charlestown to Barnet, Vt. Mr. King and others were employ- ed by Governor Wentworth in 1762 or 1763 to survey the charter lim- its of the towns immediately above Wells River ; VI. Phineas, (son of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens) was b. in Rutland, Mass. July 31st, 1744. He studied medicine and settled in Barnet, Vt. He was the first physician who settled in the town. (See Physicians.) VII. Catherine, (dau. of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens) b. Nov. 20th 1747, at Rutland, Mass.: m. for her first husband, David Stone and liv- ed in Windsor, Vt Her second husband was Capt. Jonathan WiUard, an officer in the war of the Revolution. Capt. Willard d. in C. Aug. 29th, 1832, aged 88; Mrs. Willard May 26th, 1824 ; VIII. Prudence, (dau. of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens) b. Nov. 6th, 1750, in the house of Capt. Stevens in the fort at No. 4 ; m. Hon. John Hubbard, of Charlestown, (see Hubbard); IX. Solomon, (son of Capt. Phineas and Elizabeth Stevens) b. at Charlestown Sept. 9th, 1753 ; settled in Bar- net, Vt. He was a land surveyor and surveyed that town in 1774. He was at College at Cambridge when the Revolutionary war began, but left soon after, without completing the College course ; X. Dorothy, (dau. of Capt. Phiueas and Elizabeth Stevens) b. Oct. 31st, 1755, at Deerfield, Mass.; d. at Charlestown, N. H., Sept. 10th, 1758. Phineas Stone m. Abigail ; was in town 1793-94 and 95. Ch. I. David, b. Maych 15th, 1794; II. Jenny, b. in Langdon, Feb. 8th, 1796. Daniel Goddaed Stoughton, (son of Richard* M. and Polly G. (Fay) Stoughton) b. in Reading, Vt. Jan. 23d, 1826 ; m. Oct. 7th, 1856 STRAW — SUMNER. 575 Caroliue L. Patch, (dau. of Wm. W. and Sarah (Willard) Patch) b. in Worcester, Mass., Feb. 29th, 1824. One child, George H., b. in South Koyalton,. Vt, July 11th, 1861, Mr. Stoughton is Station Agent on Central Vermont Rail-road. Settled in Charlestown, Nov. 22ud, 1865. Daniel L. Straw, (son of Samuel and (Mason) Straw) b. March 1st 1821 ; m. May 6th, 1849, Nancy W. Haven, (dau. of James and Calista (Freto) Haven) b. Nov. 6th, 1824. Ch. I. Lewis, b. Jan. 10th, 1853 ; d. Apr. 13th, 1860 ; II. Philoma Josephine, b. March 1st, 1854; m. Eugene C. Lombard, Jan. 10th. 1872; d. Jan. 17th, 1873; lU. Alanson Clarence, b. Feb. 12th, 1856 ; d. Apr. 6th, 1860 ; IV. Al- ma Jane, b. Aug. 24th, 1858 ; d. Apr. 10th, 1860; V. Ella Janette, b. Aug. 20th, 1859 ; VI. RUla C, b. Apr. 15th, 1862 ; removed to Charlestown from Newport, N. H., 1865. Feedebick Augustus Sumner. Frederick Augustus Sumner, (the son of Benjamin and Prudence (Hubbard) Sunmer, of Claremont) was b. in 1770. He fitted for Col- lege and entered at Dartmouth in 1789, but after remaining at that in- stitution a part of the course, took up his connection with it and enter- ed at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1793. On graduating, he decided on pursuing the legal profession, and immediately commenced the study of law in the ofiice of Hon. Benjamin West, of Charlestown ; and was a fellow student, as he had been in his collegiate course, with Hon. John C. Chamberlain. On being admitted to practice in the courts of the state, in 1796, he opened his office in Charlestown, where the remainder of his life was spent. Mr. Sumner, in 1803, was elected town-clerk, and held the office six- teen years in succession. He was again elected in 1823. In 1804 he was chosen one of the selectmen. The next year he was chosen 1st Se- lectman, and was continued in the same position fourteen years. He also in 1823, held the same office. He was postmaster, many years, and erected for his office the building now nearly in front of the Town Hall, on the comer of Main and Summer streets. This office he left at 10 o'clock, A. M., in his usual health Aug. 13th, 1834, and before noon he was dead. Mr. Sumner was a good business lawyer, but did not excel as an advocate. He was deficient both in copiousness and fiuency of speech. What he said was sensible, but was often uttered with such hesitancy, especially in his attempts to address a public assembly, that he seldom spoke either in court or at political gatherings. He opened the Dem- 576 SUMNER — SWAN. ocratic Presidential Convention, in Baltimore, in 1832, to wbich he was a delegate, by a carefully prepared political speech, "On the mu- tual advantages of the North and South to each other," which was highly spoken of in the papers of his political party at the time, and has since occasionally been quoted. But his public efforts in that way , were few, and owing to the characteristics mentioned, not usually at- tended with great success. He was a person much esteemed and what certainly is no small encomium, was a peace-maker in his profession. Esquire Sumner, as he was usually called, married May 16th, in 1801, Mrs. Abigail (Bailey) Stone who was born in Newbury, Vermont, but was educated at Newburyport, Mass. She was the widow of Captain Phineas Stone. By this marriage there were six children, all born in Charlestown. I. Frederic Augustus, jr., born in 1802, graduated at Harvard College in 1823 and took his degree of M. D., from the Medical Department of that Institution in 1827. He married Sarah Mc Farland and established himself in his profession in Boston, where he died in 1873. II. George W., b. in 1804, studied medicine but never pra,c- ticed ; was in active business in Charlestown, till his death Aug. 14th, 1840; married Charlotte Marryat Tucker, of Bellows Falls. III. Catherine, b. in 1806, married James Brackenridge Sumner, settled in Hartland, Vt., from which place she removed to Dalton, N. H., where she died May 17th, 1874. She is remembered as aceomplishetl, witty and eccentric, with an independence of thought and expression by no means common with the young ladies of her time. IV. Martha Bran- don Foxcroft, born in 1808, married James S. Blanchard, of Boston and died in 1827. V. Kaleb Ellis, b. in 1812, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1833 and died Feb. 15th, 1840. VI. Sarah, b. June 8th, 1819 ; m. March 5th, 1838, Thomas Swan Weld, of Boston, Mass. Ch. 1. Sarah Sumner, b. at Jamaica Plain, Mass., Dec. 16th, 1838; 2. Francis Minot, b. in Dalton, N. H., Jan. 17th, 1840. 3. Louisa Sedg- wick, b. at Jamaica Plain, Sept. 22nd, 1842 ; m. 2nd, May 9th, 1851, at Dalton, N. H., Donald Thane. Ch. 1. William F., b. in New York city, March 1st, 1852. 2. Frederick Augustus, b. at Lock Haven, Pa., Aug. 28th, 1857. 3. Mary Engersol, b. in Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 6th, 1860. Mr. Sumner built the house now owned and occupied by Mrs. Har- riet M. Baker, which during the last years of his life was his home. None of the family now remain in Charlestown. William Swan (son, of John and Ellen (Erskine) Swan of Ar- broath Forborshire, Scotland) b. Apr. 8th, 1838 ; m. Nov. 16th, 1868, SWAN — SYLVESTER. 577 Barbara Heughan (dau. of ^ohn and Elizabeth Heughan, Dumfrees- shire, Scotland) b. March 4th, 1843. Ch. I. Ellen, b. Feb. 14th, 1870. ir. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 8th, 1871 ; d. in infancy ;' III. Adeline, b. Feb. 12th, 1873 ; IV. Margarett, b. March 22nd, 1875. Mr. Swau came to America, April 1868 — to Charlestown, March 1st, 1871. He received his education in Scotland, as a florist and ornamental gar- dener, and was subsequently employed, before coming to this country, as follows : at Trinity Episcopal College, Glen Almond, Perthshire, one year ; at city Nursery, Brechin, Forfarshire, a year ; two years by Lord Grey, at Kinfauns Castle, Perthshire ; in 1860, by Hugh Low & Co., at their Nursery in London, N. E.; by Lord Londsborough, a year in Yorkshire, at Grimstone Park ; by J. J. Blaudy, Esq., Presi- dent of London Horticultural Society, a year in Berkshire ; two years and a half at Croxleth Park, near Liverpool, in Lancashire, being foreman to Earl of Sefton a part of the time ; by William Dickinson and sons, in Blackburn, Lancashire, two years as head gardener. On coming to the United States, be was employed in 1869, as head gar- dener by Matthew Vassar, at his private place in Poujghkeepsie. Since he came to Charlestown, he has been employed by Mr. Paris ; and that he understands his profession, persons may assure themselves, by a visit to Mr. Paris' grounds. Henry Hamilton Sylvester. Henry H. Sylvester born in Leicester, Mass., in 1792, removed with his parents while yet a child to Woodstock, Vt. He remained in Woodstock, till he was twelve years of age, at which time he entered the store of George Curtis at Windsor, where he remained till of age, when he entered into a business partnership with Curtis & Forbes in which he continued three years, at the termination of which he removed to Charlestown, where he was in businfess till 1830, when, through the influence of his brother-in-law, Governor Henry Hubbard, who was then in Congress, he obtained a position as clerk in the Pen- sion office. His ability and diligence being soon discovered, it was not very long before he rose to the chief clerkship in that department. Under the administration of President Polk, he was chief clerk in the Patent office, which position he is said to have very ably filled. In 1852, he returned to Charlestown, where he remained till his decease. It is said that Mr. Sylvester had comparatively few early education- al advantages, but such was his.diligence as a student and reader, that he became in his maturity, a man of very extensive information. In 578 SYLVESTER — TAYLOR. the last years of his life, he took great interest in antiquarian studies, and had gathered up many most interesting facts relating to the lives of the early settlers of Charlestown, which as he had only treasured them in memory, were lost at his death. The writer remembers hav- ing urged him to put them in a form in which they could be preserved, and he expressed his intention to do it, but his purpose was not accom- plished. Mr. Sylvester m. 1st, Feb. 25th, 1816, Elizabeth Hubbard (dau. of Hon. John and Prudence (Stevens) Hubbard) (see John Hubbard). By this marriage there were four children, of whom the two earliest born, died in infancy. Catherine, the IHd. child, b. — ■ — ; m. Henry E. Hor- sey, of Hingham, Mass. He was a graduate of Harvard college — a lawyer by profession, and a young man of great promise. He died soon after their marriage. Mrs. Horsey resides in Boston (1875). IV. Richard H. Sylvester, was born in Charlestown, in April, 1830. He was four years at Exeter Academy and entered Yale College, which institution he left at the end of his sophomore year. He left Charles- town in 1852, having previously pursued the study of law, in the oflSce of Judge Cushing. He completed his profession with Judge Olney Hawkins, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, lately deceased. In 1853, he re- moved to Iowa city, and became editor of The State Capital Reporter, and continued there in the newspaper business until 1864, during which time he was superintendent of schools, for the county, and city treas- urer for various terms. He married at Iowa city. Miss Martha Ward, the daughter of a Presbyterian minister of that place, by whom he has four children. In 1864, he repoveJ to Memphis, Tenn., and to St. Louis in 1869, where he has since been editorially associated with The 'Kmes of which he is now the chief editor. His children referred to above, are Richard H., b. Aug. 14th, 1857 ; Elizabeth, b. May 7th, 1860 ; Willie, b. Dec. 27th, 1863 ; Martha^ b. Feb. 7th, 1874. Dk. David Taylor, (son of Daniel Taylor, b in Lunenburg, Mass., settled in Charlestown, in 1761. He was appointed a surgeon in 1760, in a regiment of Militia called into service for aiding in completing the conquest of Canada. He was then only a youth, less than eighteen years of age, having been born Aug. 5th, 1742. In this campaign he became acquainted with the location and prospects of Charlestown, and settled in it as a physician, the following year. He became a highly esteemed citizen. He represented the town, as it appears from the Provincial Records, in 1776 and 1777, though I find in the town books no record of his election in 1776. We may infer from his fam- TAYLOR — TIDD, 579 ily record that he married soon after coming to town. Ch. of Dr. David and Rachel Taylor, I. Rosalinda, b. Apr. 12th, 1764 ; m. Peleg Sprague, of Keene, N. H. Mr. Sprague was elected to fill a vacancy in the fifth Congress, and was elected in 1799, to the same of- fice of Representative in the Sixth — but soon resigned on account of his health. One who knew him well from the time he was a student in the office of Hon. Benjamin West, represents him as a man of great natural abilities, and extensive acquirements, and as possessing much self reliance. He died Apr. 20th, 1800 — Hale, in his history of Keene, says he died in August, but that is a mistake. His age was 43. Miss Taylor is described as having been one of the most accomplished young ladies of Charlestown. Her marriage took place April 28th, 1785. I find the following entry in Dr. Samuel Crosby's Journal, " May 2nd. This evening the married and single ladies and gentle- men of the street, assembled at Dr. Taylor's, on invitation from Mr. Sprague, to celebrate his wedding. The evening was agreeably spent, and we were handsomely entertained." II. Elizabeth, b. April 1st, 1780 ; m. Roswell Willard, (see Willard.) Mrs. Rachel Taylor hav- ing died, Dr.Taylor m. 2nd, April 18th, 1798, Hannah Hanneford, by whom he had one feon, David,' b. March 25th, 1801. Thomas Taylor, b. March 4th, 1764 ; m. Clara Babcock and set- tled in Charlestown. (See His. ifortbfield, page 555.) John W. Taylor, (son of Samuel and Maria (White) Taylor) b. in Springfield, Vt., July' 25th, 1828; m. March 8th, 1852, Phebe A. Hitchcock, (dau. of Russell and Laura (Chaffee) Hitchcock,) b. in Westminster, Vt., Oct. 25th, 1832. Ch. I. Cora L., b. in Springfield, Vt., May 27th, 1854 ; II. Harry K., b. April 18th, 1868 ; d. Sept. 10th, 1869j III. John White, jr., b. Sept. 10th, 1871— Mr. Taylor, was one of the selectmen in 1874. He is a large land-holder and has built a row of cottages on High street, which are very convenient in their structure as well as attractive in their appearance. They are seven in number, and are on the north side of the way leading from Swan Park up Breakneck. Ebenezer Tidd, b. in Woburn, Mass., 1764; m. 1799, Hannah Thompson, b. in 1782— Mr. Tidd settled in Charlestown, in 1797. Qi. I. Hannah Thompson, b. Aug. 20th, 1808 ; m. June 14th, 1826, A. J. Blood, and settled in the south part of Michigan. II. Harriet, b. March 17th, 1810; m. 1831, Stephen Kittredge— He died 1839— she m. 2nd, Edway Bellows of .Charlestown, and removed to Climax, in Michigan. III. Ebenezer Hiram, b. June 4th, 1817 ; m. Juue 6th, 580 THOMPSON. 1839, Helen J. Dunsmoor, b. July 24th, 1818 ; Ch. 1. Charles Hiram, b. Feb. 17th, 1844 ; died in New York City, Dec. 19th, 1864^buried in C. 2. Harriet Augusta, b. May 30th, 1846 ; m. Oct. 6th, 1873, Bernard H. Murray, b. in Burlington, Vt. Mr. M., is conductor on the Central Vermont Railroad — home (1875) Charlestown. Mr. Tidd was 2nd Selectman, 1865-66, 3d, 1867 Isf, 1869-72-73. He has done much town business. Stephen H. Thompson, (son of Loring and Elizabeth (Hall) Thomp- son, of Cornish, N. H., b. Oct. 26th, 1795 ; m. June 5th, 1816, Sally L. Allen, (dau. of John and Sally (Langford) Allen of Cornish), b. Sept. 1st, 1799 ; d. July 16th, 1836. Ch. I. Arlen, b. Oct. 26th, 1817 ; m. Louise Bancroft, lives in Windsor. Ch. 1. Charles, 2. George, 3. Hen- ry, 4. John, 5. Etta. II. Marshall E., b. April 27th, 1820; m. Katie Bemis, of Keene, lives in Lowell. Ch. 1. Josie, 2. Annie. III. Eliza J., b. Feb. 22nd, 1822 ; m. 1st, Hiram Read, m. 2nd, Daniel Raymond, lives in Chelmsford, Mass. IV. Lafayette F., b. May 17th, 1824 ; m. Elsie Qay, Claremont; d. May 20th, 1864. Ch. 1. Arthur, 2. Ella. V. Lovina P., b. May 10th, 1826 ; d. June 27th, 1839. Mr. Thompson m. 2ud, July 1st, 1838, Betsy Mitchell, of Claremont; d. Jan. 30th, 1842. Mr. Thompson m. 3d, Aug. 8th, 1843, Hannah C. Orcutt, (dau. of John S. and Hannah (Currier) Orcutt of Acworth) b. Dec. 18th, 1814 Ch. Lovina, b. Feb. 13th, 184&; d. Feb. 12th, 1857. Stephen H. Thompson came to Chsirlestown from Reading, Vt., in 1856. William Thompson, b. Jan. 26th, 1793; d. Sept 30th, 1869; m. March 5th, 1816, Mary Burrows ; b. June 18th, 1796 ; d. Nov. 25th, 1855. They had nine children, as follows : Elizabeth Burrows, Abby Louisa, William, jr., Frances Mary, Henry, Charles, Margarette Swift, Edward, John Dixwell. All living but William who died at -San Fran- cisco, Cal., June 4th, 1873. Edwaed Thompson, (fourth son of William and Mary Burrows Thompson) b. in Somerset Place, in Boston, Sept. 30th, 1833, removed to Charlestown. N. H., in 1852 and married Jan. '27th, 1857, Elizabeth Augusta Putnam, (dau. of Elisha and Nancy (Melville) Putnam, b. in Charlestown, March 19th, 1833. Ch. I. Mary Elizabeth, b. Oct, 31st, 1857. II. Henry Melville, b. Nov. 19th, 1861. III. Edward, jr., b. July 20th, 1868. IV. Frederick Putnam, b. July 17th, 1872. Ed- ward Thompson was superintendent of the Sullivan Railroad for a num- ber of years. He has recently done business in Boston, but has still made his home in Charlestown where he has built a fine house. THOMPSON — TTTER. 581 towards the lower end of Main St., and lias done much otherwise to im- prove the appearance of the village. Otis Thompson, m. 1853, Eliza Corbin, (daughter of John and Caro- line Corbin) b. 1837. Mr. Thompson fell in the battle of Gettysburg. Ch. I. Nelson, b. 1857. II. Edward, b, 1859. III. Henry Sumter, b. 1862. Daniel Towner, b. Jan. 4th, 1792 ; m. Dec. 1st, 1816, Lueretia Adkins. b. Oct. 12th, 1795. Ch. I. Lucy A., b. March 22nd, 1819 ; m. Erastus O. Walker, (see Walker); II. Mary Ann, b, Oct. 14th, 1823 ; m. Aaron Clark, (see Clark.) III. John Adkins Towner, (son of Daniel and Lueretia (Adkins) Towner) b. Nov 9th, 1825 ; m. Sept. 24th, 1862, Mary R. Breed, (see Breed). Ch. I. Helen L., b. Sept. 26th, 1863. IL Harry W., b. March 22nd, 1866. III. Willie C, b. Apr. 11th, 1870. Isaac Teipp, (son of Humphrey and Sarah (Duncan) Tripp, of Wilton, Me.,) b. Apr. 7th, 1820 ; m. Apr. 20th, 1854, Mary Elizabeth Lawton, (dau. of Martin and Sally Lawton of Harvard, Mass). Ch. I. Martin, b. Feb. 7th 1860. II. George Warren, died aged 3 years, two other children unnamed, d. in infancy. Mr. Tripp came to Char- lestowu in 1857. _ • Christopher Banister Trull, (son of Jonathan A. and Laura (Mayuard) Trull,) b. Dec. 24th, 1850, in Worcester, Mass., m. March 28th, 1871, Annette Nancy Richardson, (dau. of Levi G., and Susan S. (Spaulding) Richardson) b. July 19th, 1«50. Ch. L Edward C, b. March 4th, 1873. II. Ellen Louisa, b. May 19th, 1875, came to Char- lestown, 1865. John L. Trussell, (son of Benjamin and Sarah (Hale) Trussell) b. in Hopkinton, N. H., Aug. 30th, 1806 ; m. Nov, 11th, 1832, Elizabeth Prouty, (dau. of Samuel and Mary (Stevens) Prouty) b. March 30th, 1811. Mr. Trussell settled in Charlestown Sept. 1830. Ch. I. Henry, b. Nov. 11th, 1833; d. in infancy. 11. Jane, b. Jan. 26th, 1835; m. Jan. 26th, 1860, Enos W. Prouty and lives in Claremont. Ch. Sam- uel and Elizabeth Emily. III. Mary P., b. Dec. 5th, 1839 ; d. Nov. 11th, 1840. IV. Enos P., b. March 29th, 1842, resides in Richnlond, Va. V. William H., b. Aug. 5th, 1844 ; d. Aug. 28th, 1872. David Tyter, (son of David and Margaret (Keefe) Tyter), b. in County of Kerry, in Ireland ; m. June 25th, 1860, Bridget Mc Nainara (dau. of John and Mary (Kelly) McNamara) b. in county of Clare, Ireland. Ch. L Mary,-b. Aug. 21st, 1862. II. Maggie, b. March 17th, 1863. in. Hannah, b. May 15lh, 1864. IV. Nellie, b. Dec. 29th, 582 VIALL — WALKEE. y 1868. Mr. Tyter came to America and settled iu Charlestown in July, 1856. Herbert Bainbridge Viall, (son of Asa B. and Lucy (Newhall) Viall), b. in Dorset, Vt., Jan. 8th, 1839 ; m. May 18th, 1861, Julia Maria Cone, (dau. of James and Catherine (Cuyler) Cone), b. May 8th, 1838, in Westminster, Vt. Mr. Viall came to Charlestown Aug. 24th, 1868 ; represented the town in Legislature in 1871. Henry Von Fintell, (son of Henry Von Fintell,) b.-in Schwitshen, Germany, March 17th, 1845 ; m. Sept. 18th, 1872, Eleanor A. Powell, (dau. of Almon and Eliza A. (Beebe) Powell) b. in Chittenden, Vt., Dec. 20th, 1848 ; one child Anna P., b. Feb. 8th, 1875. Mr. Von Fin- tell came to America, Feb. 16th, 1867 ; to Charlestown, 1870. Seth Walker. Seth Walker, the earliest of that name in Charlestown, son of Joseph Walker, at first of Billerica, Mass., born in Groton, Mass., about the year 1692; m. Eleanor Chandler ; b. about the year 1695. Seth Walker was one of the proprietors under the New-Hampshire charter. He was in No. 4 as early as 1750.' His name is on a com- mittfie of the town in 1754, for strengthening and fitting up the great chamber. It is also found on the roll of Captain Phineas Stevens' company, enlisted in 1750 (see roll in possession of George Olcott, Esq.) He died July 7th, 1772, at the age of 80. Eleanor his wife died Nov. 6th, 1769, aged 74. Both died in Charlestown and have stones erected to their memory in the village cemetery. Ch. I. Abel, b. in Groton, Mass., Apr. 20th, 1734; m. Feb. 26th, 1767, Elizabeth, widow of Phineas Graves (see Graves) and daughter of Isaac Parker, jr., and Mary his wife, b. at Groton, Mass., Feb. 3d, 1744. A journal commenced April 1st, 1759, and continued till Get. 23d, 1760, gives us much information in respect to the life he led from day to day during that time. He seems Xxf have been one of the men, who had natural gifts for the accomplishment of whatever he undertook to do. In addition to the common work of the farm, he could make yokes, ploughs, chairs, sap-troughs, canoes and almost everything else which was demanded by the circumstances or necessities of those early times. There were no settlements at this time, above Charlestown, and much of the communication with the places below, was by the river, by canoes and larger boats. Thus we find him in this way, mak- ing journeys to Northfield and other places on the river. In one in- stance he returned from Northfield to Charlestown in a single day. WALKER. 583 which, as it was against the current of the river, must be regarded as a very good day's work. In the latter part of the year 1760, as we learn from Day-books in possession of Samuel Walker, Esq., he left his varied kind of life, which he had been leading, to become an Inn Holder, or keeper of a house of entertainment in Charlestown. The house in which he opened this business, stood on almost a line with the Main street, directly south of the meeting-house lot, at the present time held by the south Parish. Here he continued for a long series of years to minister to the wants of man and beast, and to entertain the most distinguished personages of his time, who had occasion to pass this way and tarry for a few hours, or a few days, at Number Four. After the State was divided into counties, and the courts began to be held in Charlesto^vn, his house became the resort of most of the legal gentlemen, whose business called them to attend them. At the court of common Pleas, held Apr. 15th, 1772, we thus find him entertaining the following per- sons at dinner; viz., Judge Daniel Jones, of Hinsdale, Judge Bellows, Simeon Olcott, Mr. probably Rev. Bulkley Olcott, Elijah Williams then a lawyer at Keeue, Mr. Strong, Mr. Wentworth and Mr. Spar- hawk of Walpole, who was at that time register of Probate. The din- ners were one shilling apiece. The following Court bill is interesting. Court to mug of flip, " Bowl o/ punch, " Bottle of wine, " Bottle of wine. The following is the jury bill, April 15, 1772, to two mugs flip, " " two mugs cider, " " 11 dinners, " " two mugs half cider, " " . three mugs flip. Again Jan. 12th, 1774, we find the following gentlemen with the court, dining together at his house. Judge Jones, Judge Bellows, Samuel Stevens, Esq., Simeon Olcott and Benjamin West, of Charles- town, and Elijah Williams, of Keene (see account of Williams in sketch of Benjamin West)". There was no liquor bill as was common 8 Is 6d 3 3 8s 2d 1 4 10 9 2 1 2 584 WALKER. in those days, in connection with the entertainment of these gentlemen at this time. At the session of the New-Hampshire Legislature, in Charlestown, commencing Sept. 12th, 1787, and continuing until the 29th, his excel- lency, Hon. John Sullivan, was entertained at this house. From the charges on Col. Walker's books, it would Jippear that the day or even- ing of this first session, must have been a very exhilarating time. The house was also patronized at the same time, by Gen. Bartlett, Col. Bellows, Col. Green, Major Whitcomb and others. The building in which this house of entertainment was kept, was moved away some years ago, to give place to the stone cottage, now owned by Samuel Walker, Esq., a grandson of the old Colonel, and stands nearly west of its former position on a new street, which has been opened, running north and south. A sign which once hung at its door, is still in posses- sion of Samuel Walker, having this inscription. " Entertainment bv Abel Walker." No day books of Col. Walker connected with his house of entertainment, are found later than 1793. Colonel Walker was town treasurer, eight successive years, commencing with the year 1772, and was one of the selectmen, in the years 1787 and 1789. In the exciting times, preceding the Revolution, Colonel Walker attracted attention by his patriotism, and succeeded in such a manner in gaining the confidence of the people, that when a committee of safe- ty was to be chosen in August, 1775, for the town of Charlestown, he was selected as one of its members. We first find him engaging in military service in 1776, in an expedition to Quebec. The following is found among his papers. "Charlestown, Jan. 25th, 1776. We, the subscribers, do voluntarily enlist ourselves as volunteers in the American Service to go immediately on sight under the command of Captain Abel Walker to join the continental forces at Quebec, until the fifteenth day of April next, unless sooner discharged, and to be sub- ject to such rules and orders as we may or shall receive from our su- perior officer or officers, during said term, as Witness our Hands, ' Simon Powers, Seth Putnam, Jedediah Rice, " John Jaynes, The last name is indistinctly written, but the above is probably cor- WALKER. 585 rect. The following persons from Charlestown were also members of this company. Moses Wheeler, Samuel Wetherbe, Henry Silsby, John Hastings, Eleazer Heywood, John Simonds, Jotham White, John Spafford, Rob- ert Rand, Nathaniel Mills, and Thomas Button. The following is a record kept by Capt. Walker, of a portion of their march to Quebec* " Saturday the 10th, (February) to St. John's, 20 miles ; Sunday to Sorelle, 5 miles ; Monday, 12 miles to Chambly ; paid a tavern in Chambly for victualling 13 persons, lis, 9d ; Tuesday the 13th, to Mon- treal; stayed in Montreal till Saturday about three o'clock, then marched for Quebec; went six miles; Sunday marched 20 miles ; Mon- day, marched 18 miles ; Tuesday, marched 21 miles ; Wednesday, 24 miles to the Three Rivers ; Thursday, 15 miles to Champlain ; Friday 23d day, 20 miles ; Saturday 24th, marched 26 miles ; Sunday 25th, marched 20 miles to Quebec." General Arnold had been unsuccessful in his attack upon Quebec, and the gallant General Montgomery had fallen. This was on the 31st of December, 17,75. When the news of this disaster reached the States a call was immediately made for troops to re-enforce, and save this army, the command of which had devolved on Major General Thomas ; and New-Hampshire answered the call with her usual prompt- ness. In furnishing this re-enforcemeut, Charlestown was not behind other towns, but sent forth twelve of her sons to the rescue ; and that the gallant Captain and his men made no delay in reaching the front, is evident from the record of their march above given. On the retreat of our army from Canada in the fall of 1776, before an overpowering British Army, Arnold, after a severe contest, escaped into the fortress of Ticonderoga, which was soon threatened by the British forces. But the Americans applied themselves with vigor to strengthening its entrenchments, and by the daily arrival of re-enforce- ments and the recovery of the sick and wounded. General Gates soon found himself at the head of 12,000 effective men. In this situa- tion, he was not unwilling that Carlton, the commander of the oppos- ing forces, should make any attempt he might choose to get possession of the place. But the British officer was too judicious to hazard an * In this march the members of the company took turns in taking the lead and breaking the crust of the snow, with the exception of Eleazer Heywood, who had, a short time before, been sick, having had the small pox, and whose weight was not BufEoient to break it down. 586 WALKER. assault and after spending about a month in reconnoitring the Amer- ican works, he re-embarked his army at Crown Point and returned to Canada and thus terminated the military enterprizes in that section for 1776. Among those who marched to re-enforce the American army at Ti- conderoga, at this time, was Capt. Abel Walker and his company, among whom, as attested by Colonel Benjamin Bellows, jun., were the following men from Charlestown. John Spaflford, John Siraouds, Eleazer Heywood, Isaac Walker, John Sartwell, Simeon Powers and William Layton. Again in the spring of 1777, there was an alarm that Ticonderoga was in danger and once more Capt. Abel Walker hastened to its de- fense. He was this time commander of company No. 1, Col. Benja- min Bellows' regiment, a roll of which as it is not found in the military history of New-Hampshire, I give here. Abel Walker, Captain. Bradford Spafford, Lieutenant. John Beckwith, Ensign. Seth Walker, Sergeant. Joseph Hobart, " Lazedell Silsby, " John Sprague, Sergeant. Joseph Lear, Corporal. Julius Silsby, " Nathaniel Powers, " Oliver Cook, . « Eliab Gleason, Fifer, Privates. Joseph Wood. Samuel Atkins. Thomas Nott. Ephraim French. Wra. Osgood. Comfort Towner. Sam'l Gunnison. Moses Spafford. John Atkins. John Hart. Asa Walker. Josiah Reed. Lemuel Eoyce. Richard Holden. Levi Simonds. John Cross. Eben'r Terry. Timothy Putnam. Benja'n Powers. Whitcomb Powers. Amasa Grout. Eleazer Heywood. Thomas Putnam. Eli Smith. Eliphas Silsby. Timothy Cross. Reuben Bingham. Jesse Scovel. This alarm proved to*be false and the troops returned in about three weeks. They marched from Charlestown on the 7th of May, by order Joseph Spencer. Oliver Hastings. Christopher Ayres. Samuel Lewis. Joseph Powers. Joseph Clark. Sam'l Remington. Oliver Farnsworth. Daniel Elmore) Thorn's Rose. Nath'l Walker. Roswell Stevens. Samuel Carey. WALKER. 587 of Major General Folsom and were discharged on the 21st of June. But scarcely had they reached their homes when other expresses arrived with the exciting tidings that General Burgoyne and his army had ac- tually arrived within a few miles of Ticonderoga and were about to in- vest the fated fortress. Again Gen. Folsom made a requisition upon the same officers for troops and also for other detachments of militia ; and again at the call of Col. Bellows, Capt. Walker and his company hastened to the scene of expected conflict. At this time his company was No. 6 ; and James Farnsworth, first Lieutenant ; Peter Page, Second Lieutenant and Jotham White, Ensign, were all of Charlestown. Char- lestown too furnished the first Major in this regiment in the person of William Heywood (wrongly spelt Hayward) one of the most trusted as well as of the most trustworthy of its citizens. But the fortress being evacuated on the 6th of July, these troops were of no great use save to exhibit the patriotic spirit by which they were animated ; which, such were the circumstances of the country at that time, was no small matter. For a few months now Charlestown was directly in the war-path and those who know the history of that brief period need not be told that there were lively times in it. For the whole of New-Hampshire was awake as well as the County of Cheshire. And every town seemed de- termined to do its best and not fall behind others on the occasion. Com- panies therefore from Westmoreland and vicinity ; Nottingham West, (now Hudson), and vicinity; Amherst, Wilton, New Ipswich and vicin- ity ; from Dunstable, Merrimac, Hollis and vicinity ; and from Peter- boro, Lempster, Newport, Chesterfield, Litchfield, Bedford and Derry- field (now Manchester) and Weare and vicinity; Washington and vi- cinity and Plymouth and the adjoining towns, all came pouring into No. 4. Other companies from various towns not less patriotic started for the scene of action but were turned back by the news of the evacu- ation of the fortress before they reached Charlestown. Colonels Ashley and Bellows with their officers and soldiers, for their promptness and expedition on these occasions, subsequently received the following very complimentary return of thanks from General Gates. Ticonderoga, Nov. 9th, 1777. Gentlemen : I return you and the officers and soldiers under your com- mand my thanks for the spirit and expedition both you and they have shown in marching, upon the first alarm, upwards of one hundred miles, to the support of this important post when threatened with an immedi- ate attack from the enemy's army. I now dismiss you with the honor •688 •WALKER. you have so well deserved. I further certify, that neither you nor any under your command have received any pay or reward from me for your services on this occasion ; that I leave to be settled by the gener- al Congress with the Convention of your State. With great respect, I am, gentlemen, your most obedient and humble servent, Horatio Gates. To Col Ashley and Col. Bellows commanding the regiments of mili- #tia from the county of Cheshire in the State of New- Hampshire." It will be perceived by this note that the patriotism of old Cheshire required for its exercise no promptings from pecuniary considerations. These alarms, though really answering no other purpose, were greatly instrumental in exciting and keeping alive the military ■ spirit of the people, and in holding them in readiness for the hour of conflict which was close at hand. For Burgoyne, flushed with success, and animated with a spirit of conquest, determined to send a force through the New- Hampshire grants, and try his hand in subjugating the freemen of New- Englatid. Then it was that the New-Hampshire boys at the summons of Stark came rushing again into Charlestown, and thence over the mountains of the New-Hampshire grants to join the Green Mountaineers at Manchester. Among the regiments which hastened forward on this occasion to the scene of action was that of *Col. David Hobart, who was originally from HoUis, but was then of Plymouth. In this regiment Abel Walker was Captain of Company No. 1. and Seth Walker, also of Charlestown, was ensign. William Heywood (in the report again spelt wrong, Hayward)' was its Major. This regiment and that of Col. Thomas Stickney, at the battle of Bennington, were in the most fiercely contested part of the field. The tories had gathered in great numbers to the battle, and had entrenched themselves for a desperate resistance. They had thrown up a formidable breastwork as if to bid defiance to all assailants. This entrenchment the detachments of Colonels Hobart and Stickney were directed to force, and it was at this point that' there oc- * After the war was over, Col. Hobart, having lost his wife married a widow of Haverhill, Mass., and moved to that town where he died soon after. This fact ac- counts for the mystery that has existed relating to hiip. Gen. Stark in his report called him Col. Hubbard, and Dr. Belknap and other historians have followed his error. Living and dying out of the state there was little chance of correcting the error, and not until lately did any one know who was Col Hubbard that led the attack upon the tory breas'twork at Bennington. (See note page 320, Adjutant General's Report, Vol. II.) WALKER. 589 curred the most desperate fighting of the day. " The tories " says Pot- ter, in his Military History of New-Hampshire, " expected no quarter, and gave none, fighting to the last like tigers. They were completely surrounded within their fortifications, and the work of death was finish- ed with bayonets and clubbed muskets. Hobart and Stickney saw the work thoroughly done. Stark had ordered the men, as they passed through a field of corn to put a husk of corn on each one's hat. This precaution was of great benefit. . As the tories were dressed like them- selves in their " working clothes," the corn husk under the hat-band served to distinguish friends from foes, and a man without a husk in his hat was sure to be visited by a bayonet or the breech of a musket." The following receipt with the names attached is found among Col. AValker's papers, from which we may infer that for the fourth time he led a company to Ticonderoga : Charlestown, May 25th, 1778. This is to certify that we have received eight shillings for going' to Ticonderoga, Sylvanus Johnson. Wm. Willard, Josiah Hart, John Spafl!brd, Noah Porter, Whitcomb Powers, Phineas Page, Asa Spafford, Timothy Put- nam, Josiah Farwell, jun., Benjamin Weed, Nathaniel Holden, Ebene- zer Geer, Jeremiah Garland* Joseph Powers, Joel Andres, Silas Si- monds, Kichard Holden, Seth Walker, Nathan Allen. This detachment probably was employed for assisting to garrison the fort after its evacuation by the forces of Burgoyne about the middle of November, 1777, or possibly might have been employed in the previous attempt to cut ofi" the communications of Burgoyne with Canada. Among Capt. Walker's papers are also found the following receipts : Charlestown, Feb. 7th, 1780. Received of Capt. Abel Walker one fire arm and one pound of lead, Samuel Prouty, Ebenezer Farnsworth, M. W. Hastings. ' Charlestown, Feb. 10th, 1780. Received of Capt. Abel Walker each of us one fire arm and one pound of lead, Calvin Judevine, Oliver Farwell, Timothy Putnam, jun., Prentice Barrows, Nathaniel Holden, Samuel Remington, Oliver Farnsworth, Lewis Putnam, Amasa Grout. * Probably ; name indistinctly written. 590 WALKER. Among bis papers is also found the following Commission : State of I New-Hampshire. J The Government and People of said State, to Abel Walker, Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, Do, by these Presents, constitute and appoint, you, the said Abel Walker, to be Major of the sixteenth regiment of Militia in the said State of New-Hampshire. You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of a Major in leading, ordering and exercising said Regiment in Arms, both inferior officers and soldiers, and to keep them in good order and discipline; hereby commanding them to obey you as their-Major and yourself to observe and follow such orders and instructions as you shall from time to time receive from the Council and House of Representatives of said State for the time be- ing, and, in their recess, from Aeir Committee of safety, or any of your superior officers for the service of said State according to military rules and discipline, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. In Testimony whereof we have caused the Seal of said State to be hereunto affixed. Witness, Meshech Weare, Esq.; President of our said Council, at Ex- eter, the ninth day of November, Anno Domini, 1780, M. Weaee. Attest, E. Thomson, See'ry. March 16th, 1782, he received a commission of Lieutenant Colonel, with which his military life was brought to a close. It is not known that the regiment after this was called out into any public service. I cannot close this sketch without alluding to an incident in Colonel Walker's private life, which is not less honorable to him than the acts of his public career. In 1816 there was a great scarcity of corn, the" crop having been cut ofi". Prices of course immediately advanced, and Col. Walker, who had a considerable quantity on hand, had he been so disposed, might have turned the necessities of his neighbors greatly to his own profit, but instead of that he most generously disposed of his whole surplus to those who had most need, without any advance in price. During this scarcity Mr. Amasa Reckard, wanting a bushel of corn, came down to Colonel Walker's to purchase. On making known his ' errand the Colonel said " Mr. Reckard, have you any money to pay for it ?" " O, yes," said Mr. Reckard " I can give you the money right in hand." " Mr. Reckard, " continued the Colonel, " have you a horse ?" " Yes," he replied "my horse is now at the door." " Then," said the "VTALKEK. 591 Colonel, "if you have a horse and money I cannot let you have any corn, for I must save it for my poor neighbors who have neither of these — you can get it somewhere else but they cannot." This illustrates his general character, for at the hands of no man did those in want fare better. Col. Walker continued to reside in Charlestown a much rejected citizen, till March 11th, 1815, when he died, at the age of 81 years. Mrs. Walker died Oct. 8th, 1806, aged. 62 years. Ch. 1. Eunice, b. /Nov. 21st, 1767; d. Sept. 7th, 1773. 2. Sai-ah, b. July i6th, 1769 ; d. Oct. 20th, 1788, 3. Phineas, b. Apr. 26th, 1771 ; d. Apr. 8th,' 1772. 4. Phyle, b. Jan. 19th, 1773; m. Aaron Dean, of Charlestown, Nov. 4th, 1790 (see Dean) d. in Boston, Mass., Nov. 15th. 1849. 5. Phineas, b. Dec. 28th, 1774 ;d. July 30th, 1777. 6. Abel, b. Oct. 11th, 1776 ; d. Aug. 14th, 1777. 7. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 7th, 1778 ; m. Sept. 24, 1797, Tho's Melville. 8. Phineas, b. Aug. 8th, 1780; drowned iu Connecticut river, June 29th, 1792. 9. AbeJ,jr., b. Sept. 11th, 1783 ; m. Jan. 1813, Sally Doolittle, (daughter of John and Lucy Doolittle) b. in Westmoreland, N. H., Feb. 11th, 1789. Cb. (1) Mary Doolittle, b. in Charlestown, Nov. 16th, 1813 ; d. in Hyde- park, Vt., June 26th, T§45. (2) Phineas, b. Apr. 20th, 1820; d. in San Francisco, Cal., July 26th, 1852. (3) Samuel, b. March 17th, 1823 — was one of the selectmen iu 1857-58 aod was representative in 1859. Abel Walker, jr., who was a useful and much esteemed citizen, died in Charlestown, Oct. 3d, 1827. 1"0. Eleuthera, (daughter of Col- onel Abel and Elizabeth (Parker) Walker) b. July 21st, 1786 ; m. John WiUard, jr. II. Sybil (dau. of Seth and Eleanor (Chandler) Walker) b. in Groton, Mass., March 23d, 1735-6. Seth Walker, m. 1st, Jan. 14th, 1741-2, Abigail Holden (dau. of •Nathaniel Holden and Abigail Stone, of Groton, Mass.,)' b. Sept. 15th, 1719. Ch.. I. Sybil, b. March 13th, 1745. II. Seth, jr., b. Apr. 5th, 1747. III. Abigail, b. June 10th, 1750— The above b. at Groton. IV. Asa, b. Sept. 5th, 1753. V. and VI. Nathaniel and Isaac, twins, b. March 30th, 1756. VII. Jabez, b. June 2nd, 1758, published, to An- na Watkins, of Charlestown, Oct. 17th, 1790. Children by 2nd wife, Jemima, VIIL Mary, b. Aug. 9th, 1766. IX. Jemima, b. Apr. 27th, 1768. X. Emma, b. March 26th, 1770. The above b. iu Shirley, Mass. Seth Walker, jr., was sergeant in Capt. Abel Walker's com- pany. The family came to town probably iu the spring of 1770. The Seth Walker in No. 4 and Charlestown at an earlier date, was the fath- er of Col. Abel Walker. 592 WALKER. Matthew Walkek, from Thompson, Ct., settled in Charlestown at an early day. His children were, I. Dyer; II. John; III., Benjamin ; IV. Dorcas ; V. Mary. I. Dyer, b. Dec. 30th, 1776 ; d,* Jan. 27th, 1851 ; m. Jan. 30th, 1799, Mary Spencer (dau. of Taylor and Mary (Davis] Spencer) b. Oct. 20th, 1780; d. Feb. 27th, 1872 (see Spencer) Ch. 1. Stephen, b. Dec. 27th, 1799 ; m. Nov. 2nd, 1824, Keziah Con- verse. Ch. (1) Mary Ellen. (2) Clark S. (3) Annette K. (4) Alice. He removed from C, in 1851 ; d. Feb. 26th, 1865. 2. Angeline, b. Nov. 22nd, 1801 ; m. Feb. 22nd, 1824, Sherburne Merrill, of Unity. Ch. (1) Rosette, m. Erastus Perkins and lives iu Iowa. (2) Wil- son, m. Marion Bluff, of Charlestown, died and buried in C. (3) Hel- en, m. Alvah Spaulding and lives in Iowa. (4) Jenette, m. David Hubbard (son of Jonathan B. Hubbard) and lives in Kansas. (5) Han- som, m. Putnam, of Charlestown. (6) Julia. 3. Oracy, b. Oct. 16th, 1804 ; m. Lorenzo Willard (son of Moses and Lydia (Farwell) Willard) and settled in Montpelier, Vt. 4. John S., b. Jan. 11th, 1807 ; d. Dec. 30th, 1859 ; m. 1st, Sarah Merrill, Dec. 1822 ; b. Jan. 1808 ; d. May 13th, 1840. Ch. (1) Arnold, m. Oracy Walker and lives in Wisconsin. (2) Sarah, deceased ; m. 2nd, Sarah Campbell, of C, b. Oct. 24th, 1804; d. Feb. 1875. 5. Abigail, b. Feb. 27th, 1809 ; m. Wilson Merrill, Jan. 20th, 1831, and settled in Claremont. 6. Ly- dia, b. Jan. 22nd, 1811 ; d. Jan. 21st,' 1820. 7. Amelia B., b. March 9th, 1816 ; d. Oct. 16th, 1846. 8. Erastus Otis, b. Feb. 14th, 1819 ; m. Jan. 4th, 1843, Lucy A. Towner (dau. of John and Lucretia (Ad- kins) Towner) b. March 22nd, 1819, II. John (son of Matthew) m. Philey Spencer (see Taylor Spencer). III. Benjamin, m. Sarah Whip- ple (dau. of Edward Whipple). IV. Dorcas, m. Jacob Wright. V. Mary, m. a Mr. May. Dea. Cephas Walker (son of Elijah and Polly (Howe) Walker) m. July 16th, 1836, Mrs. Priscilla E. (West) Burnham. Mrs. Walk- er d. of small-pox, Jan. 14th, 1873. Dea. Walker came to Charles- town, Apr. 7th, 1843 — a miller and wheelwright. Benjamin Walkee (son of Benjamin and Sarah (Whipple) Walker) b. Dec. 25th, 1809 ; m. Sept. 30th, 1835, Mahala Garfield (dau. of John and Susan (Rogers) Garfield) b. in Charlestown, July 19th, 1814. Ch. L Lucetta, b. Aug. 27th, 1838 ; d. July 24th, 1840. II. Susan, b. Aug. 20th, 1838. IIL an infant, d. Oct. 24th, 1839. IV. Susan, b. Oct. 23d, 1841. V. Floretta, b. July 22nd, 1843 ; d. Aug. 31st, 1849. VI. Watson J., b. March 29th, 1845. VII. George Milon, b. July 11th, 1849 ; d. Dec. 29th, 1863. VIII. Etta Lavonn, b. May WARD — WAT. 593 31st, 1855. Mrs. Mabala Walker has always lived in Charlestown. Joel Ward (son of William and Hopy (Sargeant) Ward) b. Apr. 12th, 1816, in Bradford, N. H.; m. Oct. 25th, 1842, Mary J. Locke (dau. of Frederick and Anna (Farwell) Locke) (see Locke) b. June 7th, 1821. Ch. L George, b. May 10th, 1844 ; d. Jan. 14th, 1867. He was in the Ninth New-Hampshire Regiment, in the war of the Rebellion. IL Ann L., b. Apr. 10th, 1846 ; d. March 24th, 1863. HI. Mary A., b. Jan.' 8th, 1848 ; ra. Richard Robertson (see Robertson). IV. Charles W., b. June 5th, 1850 ; d. Feb. 4th, 1855 ; V. Frank H.*, b. Apr. 19th, 1853 ; VI. Charles G., b. Jan. 21st, 1855 ; VH. Mar- tin N., b. May 1st, 1856 ; d. June 8th, 1874 ; VIII. Ralph W., b. Feb. 1st, 1860. IX. Robert E., b. Sept. 8th, 1861 ; d. Aug. 29th, 1871. Maevin Way, b. at Newport, N. H., March 24th, 1781 ; m. June 21st, 1806, Hannah Walker (dau. of Abel Walker) of Shirley, Mass. Both died at Langdon, N. H. Mr. Way, Oct. 6th, 1856, and Mrs. Way, April 16th, 1856. Warren Walker Way, son of the above, b. in Windham, Vt., Nov. 4th, 1807 ; m. Nov. 21st, 1836, Mary Ann Os- go"bd (dau. of Manassah Osgood) b. Oct. 1st, 1816. Mr. Way became a farmer in Charlestown, where he died at the house of his son-in-law, George S. Bond, March 25th, 1872. Mrs. Way died Oct. 6th, 1869. Ch. 1. Mary Maria, b. at Newport, N. H., Apr. 15th, 1840; m. George S. Bond (see Bond). 2. Alvah Charles, b. at Newport, N. H., Dec. 5th, 1843 ; ra. Sept. 30th, 1867, Catherine Jane Putnam (dau. of Oliver and Catherine (Dunsmoor) Putnam, of Charlestown) b. Sept. 15th, 1845. Ch. (1) Stella Augusta, b. Apr. 17th, 1870. (2) Fred- eric Elwyn, b. June 11th, 1872. Lucius A. Way, b. July 27th, 1833 ; m. 1852, Julia A. Dow, b. Apr. 20th, 1833. Ch. L Frank E., b. July 19th,' 1855 ; d. July 9th, 1875 ; II. Hattie Imogene, b. July 27th, 1857 ; . d. Sept. 14th, 1858. III. Tim Byron, b. July 7th, 1860. Mr. Way settled in C. in 1850. Chaeles a. Way (son of John and Polly (Emerson) Way of Lempster) b. March 14th, 1836 ; m. March 14th, 1867, Caroline Eliz- abeth White (dau. of Rand and Fanny (Allen) White) b. May 20th, 1839. Ch. L Carlos Rand, b. Feb. 22ud, 1868 ; II. Effie Louise, b. March 26th, 1870 ; *II. Allan, b. Sept. 19th, 1871 ; IV. Annie Ruth, b. May 13th, 1874. Came to C. in 1865 — manufacturer of Fishing Rods and Carriage Bows, at North Charlestown. Leonaed Way, b. in Lempster, 1796 ; m. in 1822, Olive Graves, of Unity, b. in 1795. Ch. I. Susan, b. March 8th, 1821 ; m. Alpheus Perry (see Perry). II. Franklin — resides in Chicago. III. Louise, m. 594 WAT — WEBBEK. Albert W. Gilmore — ^lives in Chicago (see Gilmore). IV. Henry — lives in San Francisco. V. Gardner, b. Nov. 16th, 1833 ; nii Aug. 25th, 1857, Marion W. Way (dau. of JohA and Polly (Emerson) Way of Lempster) b. July 21st, 1833. Ch. 1. Henrietta L., b. March 3d, 1860 ; d. March 6th, 1875 ; 2. Florence R., b. May 22nd, 1862 ; d. Feb. 16th, 1863 ; 3. Elizabeth A., b. Sept. 8th, 1864 ; 4. Charles H., b. Dec. 25th, 1866 ; d. Apr. 8th, 1867 ; 5. Albert G., b. Apr. 5th, 1868 ; d. June 27th, 1873 ; 6. Georgianna F., b. May 4th, 1870. Mr. Leon- ard Way, d. Dec. 13th, 1870. He came from Claremont and settled in Charlestown in 1835. Dk. Samuel Webber. Among the members of the medical profession, who have practised in Charlestown, our venerable citizen. Dr. Samuel Webber, is undoubt- edly t S S d o S 5 S Noah Wright Lieut. Wiflierby 35 9 37 Northfield 36 15 Eben'z. Barnard 37 12 2 Deerfield Orlando Bridgman 38 47 38 Northfield Sam'll Dickinson 39 31 61 Deerfield Elisha Perkins 40 28 34 Hadley John Fitch 41 34 4 Northampton Stephen Farnsworth 42 17 47 Groton John Field 43 7 48 Hatfield Eliphalet Allis, 44 24 49 Nath'l Coleman 45 56 51 Hatfield Jos. Smith 46 62 57 Hatfield Jos. Wait 47 26 32 Hatfield Not drawn 48 8 10 Nath'l Coleman 49 49 25 Hatfield Zachariah Field 50 35 33 Northfield Minister's Lott 51 52 14 59 30 53 55 52 Sam'll Field 54 52 39 Deerfield Not drawn 55 Jesse Warner 56 42 55 Hatfield Sam'll Mitchel 57 58 27 Deerfield David Hoit 58 38 11 Deerfield Nath'l Coleman 59 21 28 Hatfield Jos. Eastman 60 6 43 Hadley John Catlin 61 13 23 Deerfield John Dickinson 62 51 58 Hatfield Thos. Wells 63 18 15 Deerfield It appears from the above table that there were four proprietors' rights which were not drawn. Two of these proprietors were Dea. William Dickinson, of Hadley, and Capt. Israel Williams, of Hatfield. The other two, probably, were Obadiah Dickinson, of Hatfield, and Mr. John Hinsdell. The proprietors appear to have been among the substantial men of Hamp- shire County, and several of them had at the time, or obtained subse- quently, no little distinction : among whom we may mention Capt. Israel Williams, Orlando Bridgman, of Bridgman's Fort, Capt. Nathaniel Cole- man, Capt. Zachariah Field, Jonathan and Thomas Wells, John Catlin, Nathaniel Kellogg and Noah Wright; all of whom acted well their part, in their time. Only three of these original proprietors, so far as it has been ascertained, became settlers of No. 4, or of Charlestown. These were Capt. Phineas Stevens, Lieutenant Ephraim Wetherbe (written often Witherby and some- times Wetherbee), and Stephen Farnsworth. Lieut. Obadiah Dickinson, Lieut. Joseph Clesson and Lieut. Joseph Billings retained their proprietors' rights for a few years. It is possible that Mr. Billings might have settled in town for a short time, as his name occurs among the proprietors under the New-Hampshire Charter. 636 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. The following persons became, for a short time, proprietors in the town- ship, but were not settlers : Rev. Ebenezer Hinsdell, Elisha Burt, Charles Holden and John Avery. Major Josiah Willard's name, it appears, was among the proprietors, but was placed there for the benefit of Capt. Phineas Stevens. The residences of only a few of the proprietors are given in the Proprie- tors' Records. The residences of the others have been set down according to the best information which, at this distant day, could be obtained. It is quite possible that there are some mistakes, as the same names are found repeated in different towns ; but, if there are, it will not be because every endeavor has not been used to attain correctness. See plan of the village plot, with the house-lots numbered from 1 to 63. Land Owners in Charlestown in 1754. The Return of ye Committee appointed to Examine Into ye Claims to ye Lands in this Township, &c. Charlestotvn, N. Hampshire, Feb. 18, 1754. To ye Prop'rs of S'd Township. Whereas Mr. Andrew Gardner, Phin- ehas Stevens, Isaac Parker, Moses Willard & Peter Labaree Being ap- pointed a Com'ttee to Examine Into ye Several claims of ye prop'rs of This Township, Find, after the most critical Examination, That each Prop'r Whose names are hereafter mentioned are according to our Charter (at ye Time when S'd Charter was given out) Lawfully entitled to ye Several Lotts and Divisions of Land hereafter Described. And to Render it Plain and easie to be understood. We h'e Described it in ye Following Order, (viz.) The Number ye Lotts Botli Interval & Upland, Being all Figured down & Divided into Sundrey Collumns. The First of whicli after the men's names Is ye No. of ye House Lotts. Ye 2d, 3d, 4th & 5th are the No. of ye Lotts in ye four Divisions of Interval. The 6th is ye No of the 30 acre Lotts of Upland. The 7th is ye No. of ye 50 acre Lotts of Upland. The 8th the No. of ye Bogg Meddow Lotts. Te 9th and Last, Each prop'r's part in ye undivided Land. Each man's part is against his name. Between the Lines Drawn across ye Paper. MEN'S NAMES. g a .3 JS n a o '3 V a 3 > a ■a CO i 5 .a 1 g i o g O =3 Each Propr. in ye undivid- ed Land. Interval Lotts. Upland. No No No |no No No No No Joseph Wells 1 30 60 61 14 65 63 24 One sixtj'-fourth of undivid- ed Land. Fhlneaa Stevens 2 15 22 23 37 45 61 62 63 18 and 8 4(1 45 48 10 17 63 1 34 24 49 60 . 56 10 17 11 One sixty fourths to y^ whole of Mnj. Williards Right by his nume being ye charter is included in what is here set to Pbin* ehas Stevens. • VILLAGE PLOT HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 637 Jonathan Page 54 35 41 3 19 18 28 One sixty-fourth undivided Land. Stephbu Varnsworth 3 4 42 ■ 19 20 43 42 47 38 33 39 37 4 46 30 58 Two 8ixty-tourth.s do. James Famsworth 5 and 16 lu 22 46 41 10 4 54 One sixty-fourth do. Lt. Jno. Sawyer 6 and 7 40 26 39 4 49 21 61 20 One sixtj -fourth. Nathl. Parker 8 62 33 60 62 36 6 19 27 Two sixty-fourths. 'Widdow Sartwel and heira 9 10 61 61 13 16 53 23 8 5 8 45 60 27 50 16 Two sixty-fourths do. Isaac Auisdea 11 48 24 11 26 67 16 14 One sixty-fourth part. Mr. Seth Putnam 12 53 30 54 6 411 64 3l Ooe sixty-fourth. Hr. Andrew Gardner 13 11 44 37 48 20 57 47 One sixty-fourth. Silvanus Hastings 19 31 40 4 64 16 51 37 One sixty-fourth. Juo. Hastings junr. 20 21 4 and 18 31 35 2 28 Cue sixty-fourth. Wm. Heywood 24 17 36 6 45 52 13 40 1 Onesixty-fourtfi. James Porter 26 29 311 28 29 3(1 20 12 One sixty-fourth. It. Obah. Dicltinson 26 22 7 28 26 42 36 7 One sixty-fourth. James Kellogg 27 1 41 1 46 60 13 4S One sixty-fourth. Lt. Isaac Parker 28 29 53 2 3 66 67 56 49 4 6 5i> JO 22 23 23 34 Two sixty-fourths. Capt. Jonth. Hubbard 6 43 4) 57 45 40 42 51 22 U 14 61 63 66' 20 30 31 16 29 21 53 Two sixty-fourths. £ben. Putnam 13 3 2 15 16 29 61 8 Oae sixty-fourth. Joseph Willard 31 32 «8 63 11 60 24 One sixty-fourth. It. Moses WiUard 25 37 38 68 34 23 24 26 39 14 16 16 17 20 21 34 35 55 32 66 3 44 2 32 42 48 6 2 3 4 19 Four sixty-fourths. Joseph Billing 35 37 38 50 bU 17 45 13 One sixty-fourth. Jontli. Witherby 16 9 13 ■M 16 31 1 Abijah Witherby 36 57 40 03 oO 60 ( 25 Three sixty-fourths. Saml. Witherby 69 7 36 69 62 1 Joseph Wood 17 CIJ 43 34 .•|R 39 46 57 One sixty-fourth. James Johnson 39 62 1-2 61 62 31 39 08 14 61 9 21 2 38 48 34 38 40 2o 58 59 52 One sixty-fourth. 638 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. David FarDsworth 40 41 27 28 29 34 49 43 27 1 37 9 52 5 43 J^of3 8 60 Two sixty-fourths t half sixty-fourth. Thos. Adams 43 7 48 59 68 61 36 35 18 One sixty-tourth. JiiO. Hastings 44 46 14 16 47 64 62 Cue sixty-fourth. Ck)l. ELioiiz. Hinsdei 45 49 S9 49 5U 21 51 25 28 54 52 Jl 8 22 38 2 28 ii2 6 7 44 26 22 02 Three sixty-fourths. Setli Walker 46 47 26 32 1 6 19 2a 5» 46 Oue sixty-fourth. Simon Saitwel 48 8 9 10 21 33 12 62 57 12 13 11 12 36 1 Two sixty-fourths. Capt. Jno. Spafford SO 62 54 56 42 18 31 33 83 39 One sixty-fourth, \ Thos. Pulnam 55 60 12 7 11 •27 9 One sixty-fourth. Lemuel Hastings 56 47 3 15 12 53 6 5G 41 One sixty-fourth. Isaac Holdeo 67 • 68 27 50 27 32 10 43 One sixty-fourth. Moses Wheeler * 17 60 41 33 38 23 63 14 J^ofS 61 63 One sixty-fourth and out half sixty-fourth. Ptitei- Labaree 36 44 29 26 39 44 One sixty-fourth. Beuj. Allen 63 42 55 30 47 65 47 37 One sixty-fourth. Jno. Sawyer jun. 19 18 20 23 26 i-z 24 31 16 38 One sixty-fourth. Caleb Dean 21 33 One sixty-lburth. Laid out fur ye first settled 51 minister. 14 59 32 69 43 29 One sixty-fourth part to be laid out. Whereas there arises a dispute between Ensign Obadiah Sartwell's heirs and Capt. Ephraim Witherby's Dec'd three sons, viz., Jon'th, Abyah and Sam'l, Respecting the House l-iott No. 33, We have omitted placing ye said House Lott to Either of them, Until such time as it shall be Resolved who s'd Lott belongs to. And That Whereas ye Lands of ye above s'd Ensign Obadiah Sartwell Deo'd, are above set to ye Widdow and heirs Joyntly, and ye heirs of s'd estate have since unanimously agreed to a Division of ye said estate, and have exhibited ye same in writing under their hands (attested by Moses Willard, Isaac Parker, and John Hastings, Jun'r, who ye Dividers of ye Estate,) to ye prop'rs of ye Township. It is therefore Voted that ye prop'r's clerk be allowed and is hereby Directed to Record ye said Division and Each of ye shares of ye heirs above s'd severally in ye Prop'r's Book which is as follows, viz. To Nath'l Sartwel, | 9 I 16 1 | 8 | One sixth of a 30 acre pitch No. 45 of undivided Land belonging to ye House Lott No. 33, also one sixth of a 30 acre Lott already laid out be- longing to House Lott No. 9, also one fifth part of all ye undevided Land. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 639 MEN'S KAMES. J.0 Mictth Je Lott No. 9, one fifth part of undivided Laud. To Adunijah Ta^'lor or Rachel his wife. One fifth part oi ye undivided Land. Voted at ye meeting of pvop'rs at Charlestown, March ye 13, 1754. Errors excepted pr Andrew Gardner, « Phinehas Stevens, •? Moses Willard, S Isaac Parker, S Peter Labaree. O That ye above Return of ye com'ttee for examining into ye several claims of ye prop'rs to theu- Lands in this Township be allowed and pass to be put on Uecord. Voted that this meeting be Dismissed. New-Hampshire Charter. Pkovince of ■ New HAMPSHIRE, KE. i George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Brittain iTrance and Ireland King Defender of ye Faith &c. To all Persons to whom these Presents Shall Come Greet- ing :- Whereas Sundry of our Loving Subjects before the set- tlement of the Dividing Line of our Province of New hampshire aforesaid and of our other Goverment of the Massachusets Bay began a Settlement of a Tract of Land caUed Number Four- Lying on Conneticut River above the Great Falls, and made Sundry divisions of and Improvements upon the said Tract of Land, and there remained till the Indian Warr forced them oft', and our s'd subjects being desirous to make an Immediate settle- ment on the Premises, and having Petitioned ouriGovernom- & Council For his Majesty's Grant of the Premises to be so made as might not Subvert & Destroy their former Surveys and Laying out In Severalty made thereon as afores'd. Now Know ye that we of our Special Grace certain knowledge and mere motion for answering the ends aboves'd, and for the due Encour- agement of Settling the s'd Plantation by and with the advise of our Trusty and weU Beloved Bennmg Wentworth Esq^'r our Governour and Com- mander in chief in and over our s'd Province of New hampshire in Amer- ica and of our council of our s'd Province, Have upon ye conditions & Reservations herein after made, Given and Granted and by these Presents for us our heirs and successors Do Give and Grant unto our Loving Sub- jects Inhabitants of our s'd Prov'ce of New hamps're and our other Govern- 640 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. ments in New England and to their heirs and assigns for Ever; Whose Names are enterd upon this Grant, to be divided to and amongst them, Into so many and such shares and proportions as they now hold or claim ye same by Purchase Contract Vote or agreement, made amongst themselves. All that Tract or parcel of Land, Scituate, Lying, and being within our said Province of New hamps're. Containing by admeasurement Twenty three Thousand and Forty Acres, which Tract is to contain six miles Square and no moi'e, out of which an allowance is to be made for high ways and unim- proveable Lands by Rocks, Mountains, ponds and Rivers, one Thousand and Forty Acres free, according to a Plan thereof made and pi'esented by our s'd Governour's orders, and hereunto annexed; Butted and Bounded as follows viz't. Beginning at Tree on the Bank of Connecticut River mark- ed for ye northwest corner of Walpole, then runs South 78 degrees East three miles and one hundred Rods to ye North East Corner of s'd Walpole, from thence one mile and two hundred and Eighty Eight Rods East by ye Nee- dle to an Angle in Newton. Then North 2 degrees West eight Miles & half by Newton & Burnet and to an angle in Buckingham — Then North 17 degrees East one Thousand and Sixty Rods by Buckingham afores'd — Then North 78 degrees West up home to Connecticut River — Thence Running down s'd River to ye Bounds first mentioned ; And that the same be and hereby is Incorporated Into a Township by ye name of Charlestown. And that the Inhabitants that do or shall hereafter Inhabit the s'd Township, Are hereby declared to be Enfranchised with, and Intitled to all and every the Priviledges and Immunities that other Towns within our s'd Province by Law Exercise and Enjoy, and Further that the s'd Town as soon as there shall be fifty Families resident thereon shall have the Liberty to open and keep a Market one or more days In each Week, as may be thought most advantageous to ye Inliabitants ; Also tliat the First Meeting For the Choice of Town oflScers and other affairs agreeable to the Laws of our s'd Province shall be holden on ye second Tuesday In August Next, Which Meeting shall be notified by Phineas Stevens, Esq., who is hereby also appointed the Moderator of the s'd First Meeting which he is to Notifie and Govern agree- able to the Law and Custom of our s'd Province ; and that the Annual Meet- ing for ever hereafter for ye Choice of such ofllcers for the s'd Town shall be on the Second Tuesday In March Annually. To Have and To Hold The s'd Tract of Land as above Expressed togeth- er with all the Priviledges and appurtenances To them and their Respec- tive heirs and assigns for ever, upon the following Conditions (viz't.) That Every Gi-antee his heirs or assigns shall plant and Cultivate five acres of Land within ye term of five years for every fifty acres Contained In his or their shares or proportion of Land in the Township, and Continue to Improve and settle the same by additional Cultivations on Penalty of the forfeitiwe of his Grant or share in the s'd Township, and its Reverting to his Majesty, his heirs and successors to be by him or them Regranted to such of his Subjects as shall efi'ectually Settle and Cultivate the same. That all White and other Pine trees within ye s'd Township fit for Masting oui" Royal Navy be carefully preserved for that use and none to be cut or fel'd HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 641 without his Majesty's Especial Licence for so doing first had and obtained, upon the Penalty of the Forfeiture of ye Right of such Grantee, his heirs or assigns to us our heirs and successors, as well as being subject to ye penalty of any act or acts of Parliment that now are or hereafter shall be enacted ; also reserving the power of adding to or Dividing the s'd Town so far as it Relates to Incorporations Only, to us our heirs & successors, When it shall appear Necessary or Convenient for the Benefit of the Inhabitants thereof That before any Further Division of the s'd Lands be made to and amongst the Grantees, A Tract of Land in the most Commodious Place The Land will admit of shall be reserved and Marked out for Town Lotts one of which shall be allotted to each Grantee of the contents of one acre. Yielding and Paying therefor to us, our Heirs and Successors, for the space of Ten Years to be computed from the Date hereof ye annual rent of one ear of Indian Corn only, commencing on ye first day of January ensueing the Date hereof; and every Proprietor, Settler or Inhabitant shall yield and pay unto us, our heirs and successors yearly and every year for ever from and after ye Expiration of the Ten years from the date hereof. Namely on the first day of January which will be in ye year of our Lord Christ one Thousand seven hundred and sixty four. One shilling Proclamation money for every one hundred acres he so owns, settles and Possesses and so In proportion for a greater or Lessor Tract of the s'd Land, which money shall be paid by ye Respective Persons above s'd their heirs or assigns in our Council Chamber In Portsmouth, or to spch ofiicer or of&cers as shall be appointed to receive ye same, and this to be in Lieu of all other rents and services whatsoever. In Witness whereof we have caused the Seal of our s'd Prov'ce to be hereunto affixed. Wittness Penning Wentwoeth Esq, our Governour and Commander In Chief of our s'd Prov'ce, the second day of July In the Year of our Lord Christ 1753 and in ye Twenty seventh year of our Reign. By his Excellency's Command B. WENTWbRTH with tlie advice of Council Theodore Atkinson, sec'y Province'of New hamps., July 2d 1753. Enterd & Recorded in ye Book of Charters, Page 161-162-163. Theodore Atkinson, sec'y. Names of the Grantees op Charlestown. Joseph Wells, Phineas Stevens, Jonathan Page, Stephen Farnsworth, James Farnsworth, John Sawyer, John Sawyer, jun., Nathaniel Parker, The widow and the heirs Isaac Amsden, Seth Putnam, of Obadiah Savtwell d. Andrew Gardner, Silvanus Hastings, John Hastings, jun., Josiah Willard, Wm. Haywood, James Porter, Obadiah Dickinson, James Kellog, Isaac Parker, Jonathan Hubbard, Ebenezer Putnam, Joseph Willard, Moses Willard, Joseph Billings, James Johnson, David Farnsworth, Thomas Adams, John Hastings, 642 HISTOBICAL MISCELLANY. Ebenezei" Hinsdale, John Spafford, Isaac Holden, Benjamin Allen, Abijah Wetherbe, Seth Walker, Thomas Putnam, Moses Wheeler, (Caleb) Dana, Samuel Wetherbe, Simon Sartwell, Lemuel Hastings, Peter Labaree, Jonathan Wetherbe, Joseph Woods. His Excellency Benning Wentworth, Esq., one tract of land of the con- tents of five hundred acres. One sixty-fourth part of the said tract for the Incorporated Society for the propagation of the Gospel in fpreign parts, One sixty-fourth part for the first settled Minister of the Gospel in said town. One sixty-fourth part of the said tract for a Glebe for the Church ^ Eng- land as by law established. Recorded from the back of the Charter for Charlestown, the 2d day of July, 1753. Pr. Theodoee Atkinson, Secr'y- The above charter and names of Grantees copied from Proprietors' Records. Revolutionary Patriots. The following persons, inhabitants of Charlestown, performed more or less service in connection with the Revolutionary War. The following persons held o£B.ces : Lieut.-Colonel Samuel Hunt, Captain Samuel Wetherbe, " •' Samuel Stevens, " Abel Walker, Major William Heywood, " William Holden. Quartei-master Jonathan Willard, Lieutenant Bradford Spafford, JoUiam White, Captain Isaac Farwell, " Piter Page, Simon Sartwell, " James Farnsworth, Seth Walker, " Peleg Williams, Elijah Grout, Commissary, Dr. David Taylor, Surgeon, Dr. William Page, " Privates. Joseph Farwell, William Leighton, Abner Powers, Simeon Powers, Nathaniel Powers, Benjamin Powers, Whitcomb Powers, Lemuel Royce, Matthew Grier, Joseph Powers, Seth Putnam, Thomas Putnam, Timothy Putnam, Lewis Putnam, Jedidiah Rice, John Sartwell, John Beckwith, Oliver Cook, Eliab Gleason, Levi Simonds, John Cross, Amasa Grout, Noah Porter, Pliineas Pago, Nathaniel Holden, Ebenezer Geer, Silas Simonds, Nathan Allen, Ebenezer Farnsworth, Moses Willard, Aaron Adams, Joseph Wood, Samuel Atkins, William Osgood, Comfort Towner, Moses Spafford, John Hart, Asa Walker, Josiah Reed, Joseph Spencer, Oliver Hastings, Samuel Remington, Oliver Farnsworth, Daniel Elmore, Thomas Rose, HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 643 Moses Wheeler, John Hastings, jr., Eleazer Heywood, John Simonds, Robert ILand, Thomas Button, Calvin Judevine, Oliver Farwell, Prentice Barrows, Samuel Gunnison, Gilbert Caswell, Silas Porter, William Willard, Sylvanus Johnson, Richard Holden, Peter Labaree, jr., Julius Silsby. Soldiers in the War of 1813. Names of Soldiers of Capt. Nathan Glidden's Company, belonging to Charlestown, enlisted September 13th, 1814, for three months. Nathan Glidden, Captain, Unity; Moses Judevine, 1st Lieut., Charlestown. Privates. Guy Adams, James F. Allen, Charles Corbin, Elijah Darling, Moses Carpenter, Charlestown. William Delano, Jesse Wheeler, Caleb Miller, Ilai'ris Bartlett, Guy Carlton, Charlestown. In Capt. James M. Warner's Company James M. Warnei', Capt., Acworth. Charles Perry, Louis Boutell, Charlestown. George Hilton, " Samuel Hunt, " Elon Henry, Charlestown. Phineas Ricliai-dson, Soames Steel, jr., Harry Spaulding, Lewis Wniai-d, Captain Josiah Bellows' Company enlisted Sept. 26, 1814, for 60 days. Lewis Hunt, Lieut., Charlestown, Levi Abbott, Serg't, Charlestown, Royal Bellows, Q. M. Serg't, " Nathan Putnam, Corp., " Privates. Charlestown. James Labaree, John Dnnsmoor, Ephraim Putnam, Willard Henry, Leonard Osgood, Lewis Huntoon, Wilber Andrews, Charlestown. Seth Hart, Samuel Y. Carlisle, Alpheus Watkins, Joel Adams, Willard Powers, Sylvester Powers, Joseph Simonds, Henry Baldwin, " The above Company was stationed at Portsmouth. The only person who enlisted in the Mexican War was John J. Moody, who was in the 9th United States Infantry. SOLDIERS IN WAR OF REBELLION. First Regiment New Hampshire Cavalry. David W. Parks mustered in ti-oop A., March 29th, l864. Edgar S. Wolf, mustered in troop A., March 19th, 1804; wounded slight- ly, Aug. 25th, 1864. John Williams mustered in troop A., Feb. 5th, 1864; mustered out July 15th, 1865. 644 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. Enos P. Trussell, mustered in troop C, April 9fch, 1864; wounded and missing at Kearneysville, Va. Aug. 25th, 1864.Lives in Richmond, Va. Royal H. Kendall, mustered in troop C, March 31st, 1864; wounded severely Aug. 25lh, 1864 ; mustered out July 15th, 1865. Martin Maddigan mustered in troop H., Aug. 19th, 1864, mustered out Aug. 14th, 1865. William H. Keen mustered in troop L., Feb. 13th, 1864. George H. Frost mustered in troop L. Feb. 13th, 1864, missing at Winches- ter, Va., Aug. 17th, 1864, gained from missing — mustered out June 5th, 1865, Richard R. Robertson mustered in troop L., March 19th, 1864; promoted to Corporal, June 30th, 1865, mustered out July 15th, 1865. Sidney Way mustered in troop L., Aug. 29th, 1862; promoted to Corporal. Members of Third N. H. Infantry. George W. Constantine enlisted in Co. A., 3 N. H., August 22nd, 1861. Reinlisted, Feb. 22nd, 1864. Charles H. Derby enlisted in Co. A., Aug. 23d, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal mustered out Oct. 26th, 1864. Sylvester Judd enlisted Oct. 8th, 1863, for three years— out July 20th 1865. Members op Fifth N. H. Infantry. "No Regiment," says the Adjutant General "fought better and few if any fought oftener. Wherever' the Army of the Potomac met the enemy there lie the bones of men of the Fifth New Hampshire. No regiment from the State had so long a list of battles or mom-ns the loss of so many men. Its story is sad but glorious !" John G. Simonds, enlisted Co. B., 5 N. H. Oct. 2nd, 1863, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, Oct. 28th, 1864. Charles Jenkins, Co. B., D. or S. for three years, Oct. 2nd, 1863, pro- moted to corporal; wounded June 3d, 1864; promoted to Sergeant; promo- ted to 1st Lieutenant, Oct. 28th, lt)64. Winfield Scott Hassam, Co. C, D. or S., for three years, Aug. 9th, 1864; mustered out June 28th. 1865. Edmund B. Chadborn enlisted in Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861, died at Ship- point, Va., April 24th, 1862. George W. Brooks, Veteran, reinlisted in Co. G., Feb. 19th, 1864 ; pro- moted to corporal ; captured June 2nd, 1864 ; mustered out June 17th, 1865. A. C. Bemis enlisted Oct. 12th, 1861, in Qo. G., vol; wounded slightly, June 23d, 1864 ; discharged for disability, no date. Joseph Brisland, enlisted, Dec. 10th, 1863i for three years; transferred from Co. G., to ninth N. H. vol., June 1st, 1865; promoted to corporal, July 1st, 1865 ; mustered out, July 17th, 1865. James Dolon, jr., .enlisted in Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861; discharged for dis- ability at Concord, N. H., July 25th, 1862. George H. Hackett, enlisted in Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861 ; enlisted 6th N. H. Vol. Wounded at Gettysberg, died of wounds at Fort Schuyler, N. Y., Nov. 12th, 1863. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 645 Webster Nash, enlisted Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861 ; instantly killed at Fair Oaks, Va., June 1st, 1862. William Blake Robertson, enlisted Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861, discharged Mar. 25th, 1862; died of consumption at Charlestown, N. H., Sept. 17th, 1871. Otis Thompson, enlisted Co. G., under Capt. Long; was instantly killed at Gettysburg, July 2nd, 186.3. William Woods enlisted in Co. G., Feb. 19th, 1864; promoted Sergeant; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 17th, 1864. Daniel Pierce, enlisted in Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861 ; discharged for dis- ability, Jan.8th, 1863. George A. Wheeler enlisted in Co. G., Oct. 12th, 1861; wounded Dec. 13th, 1862; died of wounds Dec. 16th, 1862. Lewis Holden, enlisted in Co. G., M.-irch, 1862, for three years ; was dis- charged soon after the 7 days retreat. He then enlisted in 8th Conn. Vol. for three years ; served two, was one of the first to enter Richmond. After being discharged, he enlisted in the U. S. Infantry; served three years on Texas Frontier. He was promoted to Sergeant and discharged as such at Fort Ringold, 1868. James C. Parrish enlisted in Co. H., 5 Reg., Oct. 19, 18'51— reenlistedJan. 1st 1864. Membees of Sixth N. H. Infantry. William Milliken, enlisted in Co. F., Nov. 28, 1861 — discharged for disa- bility Nov. 3d, 1862. William Burns enlisted Jan. 4th, 1864, in Co. H. — mustered out July 17th, 1865. John Conley enlisted Feb. 9th, 1864, transferred from Co. E. to Eleventh N. H., June 1st, 1865— absent sick, July 17th, 1865. Members of Seventh N. H. Infantry. The Seventh N. H. was in the terrible chai'ge at Fort Wagner. William Coflfrin, veteran, enlisted in Co. K.. Seventh N. H., Feb. 29th, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 9th, 1864; promoted to Sergeant, May 3d, 1665; mustered out, July 20th, 1865. Hem-y G. Webber, enlisted Aug. 26th. 1862; promoted to Ac^utant; died at Cincinnati, Ohio, Apr. 12th, 1873. Members of Ninth N. H. Infantry. George R. Peasley, enlisted in Co. G., Sept. 18th, 1862; wounded June 21st, 1864. John R. Peasley enlisted Aug. 1 3th, 1862; transferred to vetran reserve corps, July 1st, 1863. Charles N. Goodwin, enlisted in Co. G., Aug 13th, 1862; 3 years volunteer; promoted to Corporal ; wounded June 25th, 1864 ; absent and sick afterwards. Horace G. Kendall, enlisted in Co. G., Aug. 13th, 1862; 3 years Vol., wounded May 12th, 1864; d. of wounds at Washington, D. C, June 5th, 1864; interred in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. 646 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. Frederic Royce, enlisted in Co. G., June 13th, 1863 ; 3 years Vol ; mus- tered out, June 10th, 1845. William H. Royce, enlisted in Co. G., June 13th, 1862, 3 years Vol., pro- moted to Corporal ; wounded May 12th, 1864; also wounded, July 30th, 1864 ; d. of wounds at Fort Schuyler, N. Y., Aug. 17th. 1864. Michael Torpy, enlisted in Co. G., Aug. 13th, 1863, 3 years ; mustered out, June 10th, 1865. George W. Gibson, recruit and volunteer, enlisted in Co. G., Dec. lOth, 1863; captured at Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30th, 1864; paroled Oct. 7th, 1864; mustered out. May 22nd, 1865. George T. Ward, enlisted in Co. G., Aug. 14th, 1862. Napoleon B. Osgood enlisted Aug. 19, 1862, for three years — mustered out 'June 6th, 1865. FODETEENTH N. H; InFANTEY. The Fourteenth was the last of the three years regiments raised in New- Hampshire on call of President Lincoln, for five hundred thousand men which followed the reverses of the Virginia campaign of 1862. It was com- posed of intelligent and patriotic volunteers who appreciated the value of the nation, and did not shrink from the great conflict which was going on for its preservation. They first did good service at Wasliington for a year and a half. They were then ordered to the army of the Gulf and were at New Oi'leans ; from there they were ordered to the Shenandoah Valley and participated under Sheridan in its conflicts. Their last service was at Sa- vanali and in that region in the final scenes of the war. The history of this regiment cannot be given here, but I will say that its record is most hon- orable to the state and the companies that composed it. John Ashey enlisted Jan. 4th, 1864, in Co. I., for three years — mustered out July 8th, 1865. Lewis Ashey enlisted Jan. 5th, 1864, in Co. G., for three years — mustered out July 8th, 1865. The following wei-e in Co. B. Emanuel D. J. Bailey, enlisted May 12th, 1864, 3 years volunteer — must- ered out July 8th, 1865. Henry E. Barrett, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862; promoted to 1st Sergeant Sept. 24th, 1862; to 2nd Lieutenant, Apr. 4th, 1863; honorably discharged March 22nd, 1864. Frederick B. Andrews, enlisted Sept. 22, 1862. Was instantly killed in battle near Winchester, Va., Sept. 19th, 1864. He fills an unknown grave. AVarren Abbott enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1863 ; mustered out July 8th, 1865. Norman L. Adams enlisted Sept. 22, 1662 ; promoted to Corporal Apr. 14th, 1864; mustered out July 8th, 1865. .John Loren Adams, enlisted Dec. 22nd, 1863; recruit — three years volun- teer ; mustered out July 8th, 1865. James Bowman, enlisted Dec. 23d, 1863 ; wounded Sept. 19th, 1864 ; died of wounds at Winchester, Va., Nov. 4th, 1864. William J. Bosworth, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 ; died in Hospital of dis- ease, at Washington, D. C, Jan, 19th, 1864. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY-. 647 Patrick O'Brien, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862; mustered out July 8th, 1865. John F. Cooley, enlisted Sept. 22nd 1862; mustered out July 8th, 1865. John Casey, D. or S., Dec. 22nd, 1863, for three years; mustered out June 6th, 1865. Charles N. Corbin, Dec. 22nd, 1863— drafted for three years— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Oliver Mitchell enlisted Dec. 29th, 1863, for three years— wounded Sept. 19th, 1864; discharged for disbility at Manchester, N. H., May 8th, 1865. Richard B. Cornwell, enlisted Sept. 22ad, 1863— wounded Sept. 19th, 1864 — mustered out, July 8th, 1865. James W. Corbin, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— transfered to Co. A., Nov. 1862— mustered out July 8th, 1865. Chauncy L. Corbin, Musician, enlisted Sept. 22ad, 1862— honorably dis- charged at Concord, N. H., Jan. 19th, 1864, for disability. Henry Easter, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Hiram Green, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1362- mustered out, July 8th, 1865. John Hassam, enlisted Oct. 9th, 1862— died of disease at Washington, D. C, July 31st, 1863. Charles E. Holbrook, enlisted Oct. 9th, 1862 — 2nd Lieutenant, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, April 4th, 1863— honorably discharged April 23d, 1864. John King, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. John Kelly, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1863— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Charles H. Knapp, enlisted Jan. 4th, 1864r— three years volunteer, mus- tered out, July 8th, 1865. George R. Knapp, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 — promoted to Corporal, Feb. 1st, 1865— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Patrick Mc Kean, enlisted Sept 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Willard Lawrence, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1802, wounded, Sept. 19th, 1864— died of wounds, at Winchester, Va., Sept. 26th, 1864. Van Buren Leland, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 — ^promoted to Corporal, Dec. 9th, 1864, mustered out, July 8th, 1865. George H. Lynds, enlisted Jan. 12th, 1864 — three years volunteer — mus- tered out, July 8th, 1865. Ch.arles H. Melville, enlisted Oct. 7th, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Michael Mc Mahon, enlisted S(!pt. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. William Mc Mahon, enlisted Oct. 2nd, 1862— mustered out July 8th, 1865. Harlan P. Marshall, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 — promoted to Corporal, June 1st, 1865 — mustered out, July 8th, 1865. George W. Parks, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Fred S. Parks, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Orson D. Putnam, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 — died of disease at Natchez, Miss., July 22ijd, 1864. Levi G. Richardson, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 — died of disease in New York City, Oct. 22nd, 1864. Lucius Rumrill, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Stephen A. Spooner, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862 — promoted to Corporal 648 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. May 1st, 1863 — honorably discharged at Concord, N. H., Jan. 16th, 1865, for disability. Thomas O'Snllivan, enlisted Sept. 32nd, 1862 — honorably discharged at Concord, N. H., July 7th, 1864, for disability. Erastus Smith, enlisted Sept. 23nd, 1862— wounded slightly Sept. 19th, 1864— mnstered out, July, 8th, 1865. George A. White, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Albert H. Tyrell. enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— promoted to Sergeant, May 1st, 1863— wounded, Sept. 19th, 1864— mustered out, July 8th, 1865. Charles H. Wright, enlisted Sept. 22nd, 1862— wounded, Sept. 19th, 1864, mustei-ed out. May 24th, 1865. Charles Smith, enlisted Dec. 22nd, X863 — three years volunteer mustered out, July 8th, 1865. First Regiment N. H. Volunteer Heavy Artillery. Sylvester A. Hamlin, first Sergeant enlisted Sept. 7th, 1864, for one year, wounded at Fair Oaks, mustered out, June 15th, 1865. William S. Gibson, was two years in Massachusetts Second Regiment, and two years in First Connecticut. Nelson A. Rich, enlisted July 10th, 1861, in a Vermont Regiment, dis- charged Sept. I6th, 1864— reenlisted Feb. 7th, 1865 — discharged Feb. 6th, 1866, was in the Army of the Potomac. Nelson A. Rich, b. in Mendon, Vt., March 11th, 1844; m. Sept. 8th, 1869, Fannie A. Mc Grath, of Charlestown, b. March 5th, 1846. The quota of soldiers for Charlestown in the war of the Rebellion was 138, which were all furnished. Those whose names are not found in the above list never had a residence in town. » It is possible however that the names of a few who were residents here may have been overlooked and consequently omitted. See Edmund H. Cashing, page 321. Physicians. ' The number of persons who practised medicine and surgery, in the ear- ly settlements on the Connecticut River was very limited. In Hadley the inhabitants had no physicians for more than twenty years, after the settle- ment. Thomas Hastings then commenced practice under license as it is supposed of the General Court. He was both phj'sician and surgeon, and it appears that his^eM which consisted of the towns of Hadley, Northamp- ton, Hatfield, Deerfield, and which was sometimes extended to Springfield, Snffield, Westfield, Enfield and Brookficld, was very considerably more extensive than his practice. This is evident from the fact, that he found time in addition to his professional duties, to be teacher of the town school. He was succeeded by his son, of the same name, who also entered into the labors of his father, as the instructor of the children and youth of the place — and we do not find that the business of the son was interfered with by the advent of any competitor. He was a man of great intelligence, as his father had been before him — John a younger brother of Dr. Thomas Hastings, Jr., resided in Hatfield for a time whence in 1735, he removed up the Connecticut River to Fort Dummer, and became, on the settlement HISTORICAL MIPCELLANT. 649 of No. 4, one of its early inhabitants, and the earliest physician and sur- geon of the township, and also one of its most distinguished and useful citizens. For an account of Dr. David Taylor, (see page 578.) For an account of Dr. William Page, (see page 448.) Dr. Oliver Hastings, studied under Dr. William Page of Charlestown, and subsequently under Dr. Frink of Rutland Mass., and Dr. Blake of Montreal. On completing his profession he entered into partnership with Dr. Page, and secured Tory soon an extensive practice which was only relinquished when his health and strength would allow him to attend to it no longer. (See page 393.) Dr. Thomas Bliss, came to Charlestown in 1797, and continued in town till 1805. He is supposed to have been a native of Springfield, Mass. On leaving Charlestown, he settled down permanently in his profession in Long Meadow, Mass. The family record of Dr. Joseph Roby, has been given. He came from East Sudbury, Mass. He engaged on coming to town for a time, with Mr. Ephraim Curtis, who was his brother-in-law in mercantile business, but finally commenced the practice of medicine, in which he was quite success- ful for a number of years. His appetite at length got the mastery of him and he became addicted to Intemperate habits, which unfitted him for the duties of a medical practitioner and he died Aug. 24th, 1818, at the age of forty-nine. For an account of Dr. Edmund Pelouze. (See page 506.) Dr. John P. Batchelder, was in town from 180^ to 1824. He was b. in Amherst, N. H., in 1784, or about that year. He studied his profession with Dr. Matthias Spaulding, and took his medical degi-ee at Harvard University. He obtained a good reputation both as a physician and sur- geon. He was appointed professor of Anatomy and surgery at Castleton, on the establishment of the Medical School there. On the establishment of the Berkshire IV^edical School in Massachusetts, the same position was of- fered him and accepted. This caused him to remove with his family fi-om Charlestown to Pittsfield which he did in 1834. He held his profes- sorship in Pittsfield, three or four years during which time he was in part- nership with Dr. Child, when he removed to Utic.% N. Y. Dr. Batchelder had a taste for literature and before coming to Charles- town, had belonged to a literary society in Amherst, of which Charles H. Atherton, William Claggett, William Gordon and John Farmer, were members. He m. April, 1815, Lucy Dickinson, (dau. of Elihu and Belin- da (Graves) Dickinson) b. Oct. 27th, 1792, and lived in the house built by his father-in-law, now owned by Silas T. Jacobs. By his marriage he had one son, John, who became a physician and settled in the city of New York. A sketch of Dr. Putnam Barron, has already been given for which see page 282. Dr. Jacob Adams, was bom in Windsor, Vt. Studied with Dr. Trask a physician of Windsor, and received his degree from the Medical School at Hanovei-— He came to Charlestown in 1822, and removed to Utica, N. Y. in 1824. (See page 305.) 650 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. Dr. John Duncan studied with Dr. Hastings, and was intended by him as his successor. He attended lectures first at Castleton, afterwards at Bowdoin College, receiving from the latter institution, the degree of M. D. He commenced practice in 1822. He married Cai-oline Hastings, (see page 396) and died of consumption, Oct. 3d, 1825, aged 39. When he found he was in a decline he went South for his disease, but received no benefit. He was a native of Scotland, and possessed fine talents. for an account of Dr. Webber, see page 594. Dr. Horace Saunders succeeded Dr. Barron, at North Charlestown, (see page 544.) Dr. Pliny Safford, settled in town in 1818, but after remaining two years removed to Westminster, Vt. Dr. Alexander Campbell, came to Charlestown from Rockingham, v t., where he had long been in practice in 1825, and i-etui'ned to Rockingliam, again in 1830, where he died in the course of a few years. Dr. Hiram Hoyt, came to Charlestown, from Meredith, N. H., where he had been a short time in practice. He was a native of St. Johnsbury, Vt., and a graduate of the Dartmouth Medical School. He came to town in 1828, and removed to Syracuse, N. Y., in 1833. Dr. John W. Furbur, was in Charlestown, in 1835 and 1836. He had practised a short time previously in WeathersSeld. He was a native of Dublin, N. H., — studied in Queehee, Vt., and attended some lectures at Hanover. He removed from Charlestown to Queehee, and from there to Bridgewater. Dr. S. E. Hale, opened an ofiice in town in 1841, and remained a year, when he removed to Arlington, Vt. He studied with Dr. Kimball, of Lowell, Mass. Dr. Otis Russell Fi-eeman, came to Charlestown, in 1843, and removed to Springfield, Vt., in 1846. He was son of Dea. Jonathan Freeman, 2nd, of Hanover, N. H. He married Abigail Willard Alden, only daughter and child, of Dr. Samuel Alden, of Hanover. Dr. David H. Marden, came to Chai-lestown, in 1846, and left in 1850. He was a native of New Boston, and studied his profession with Dr. James Danforth, of that place. He attended some lectures at Dartmouth. He removed to Landgrove, Vt. Dr. Daniel Pierce, came to C, in 1860 — removed to HoUis, N. H., in 1863, which place he soon after left. Dr. James Monroe Whitaker, was in practice in town between eight and nine years. He graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1861 — received the degree of M. D., in 1864 — was appointed surgeon in the army, and subse- quently pi-actised in the Asylum, at Concoi'd. He left Charlestown to ac- cept of the appointment of Superintending Pliysician, of the Massachusetts State Alms House, at Tewksbury, Mass., in May, 1874. He held the posi- tion only a year, when lie resigned. He left for California, in Nov. 1875, and at the last accounts had opened an ofiice, at Los Angelos. Dr. David Comstock Moore. (See page 483.) - Dr. N. Grout Brooks sou of Dr. Lyman Brooks for many years a distin- HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 651 gaished Physician in Acwoi'th, read niedicine with his father, studied at Dai-tmouth Medical College — graduated Albany Medical College, in 1861; appointed Surgeon in the Sixteenth Regiment of Vermont volunteers. After the discharge of the Regiment, appointed Assistant Surgeon in U. S. Gen- eral Hospital at Brattleboro, Vt. He afterwards practised in Acworth, till May, 1874, at which time he removed to Charlestown where he has an ex- tensive practice. There have been a number of other physicians in Charlestown, but their stay has been only for a few months. Of these were Dr. Frink, Dr. Leech, Dr. Pollard and Dr Hall. A Dr. Chandler, an apothecary, was here also a short time, six or seven years ago. Clergymen born in Charlestown. Rev. Joseph Labaree, Cong., Rev. Benjamin Labaree, never installed, Cong., Rev. Seth Favnsworth, Cong., Rev. John Robertson, Episcopal. Lawyers who have practised in Chaulestovtn. Simeon Olcott, Benjamin West, Joseph Dennie, a shoi't time, Frederick A. Sumner, John C. Chamberlain, Samuel West, a short time, Samuel Hunt, jr., a short time, William Briggs, Henry Hubbard, George Olcott, John James Gilchrist, Edmund L. Gushing, Henry Hubbard, jr., Alfred T. Batchelder, firm of Colby and Batchelder, since May 1st, 1874. College Graduates. John Hunt, (son of Colonel Samuel and Esther (Strong) Hunt) H. U., 1789, (see Hunt). John Dickinson, (son of Elihu and Belinda (Graves) Dickinson) D. C, 1797, settled as a lawyer in Nashville, Tennesee. Horace Hall, (son of Oliver and Hannah (Terry) Hall) D. C, 1798, (see Hall). Solon Stevens, (son of Samuel and Talitha (Bingham) Stevens) D. C, 1798, (see Stevens). Theophilus Olcott, (son of Rev. Bulkley and Martha (Pomroy) Olcott) D. C, 1800. Henry Hubbard, (son of Hon. John and Prudence (SteVens) Hubbard) D. C, 1803, (see Hubbard). George Olcott, jr., (son of Hon. Simeon and Tryphena (Ten-y) Olcott) Y. C, 1805. Joseph Labaree, (son of Peter, jr., and Sarah (Kennedy) Labaree) M. C, Vt., 1811. Seth Farnsworth, (son of Levi and Olive (Hayden) Farnsworth) D. C, 1822, (see Farnsworth). Ralph Metcalf, (son of John and Roby (Converse) Metcalf) D. C, 1823, (see Metcalf). John Chambel-lain, (son of Hon. John C. and Nancy (Hubbard) Cham- berlain) D. C, 1823. Frederic A. Sumner, jr., (son of Frederic and Mrs. Abigail (Stone) Sumner) D. C, 1823. John J. Gilchrist, (son of Capt James and Sus.anna (Wyman) Gilchrist) H. University, 1828 (see Gilchrist). 652 HISTOEICAL MISCELLANY. * Benjamin Labaree, (son of Benjamin and Hannah (Farwell) Labaree) D. C.,'1828, (see Labaree page 467.) William Chaplain Willard, son of (Roswell and Elizabeth (Taylor) Will- ard) D. C, 1831. Kaled E. Sumner, (son of Frederic A., and Mrs. Abigail (Stone) Sumner) D. C, 1833. Henry Hubbard, jr., (son of Hon. Henry and Sally Walker (Dean) Hub- bard) H. U., 1837. Nathaniel Dean Hubbard (son of Hon. Henry and Sally (Walker) Dean Hubbard) H. U., 1840. Edward Gilchrist, (son of Capt. James and Susanna (Wyman) Gilchrist) H. IT., (not by regular course) 1840. Edmund H. Cushing, (son of Hon. Edmund L., and Laura (Lovell) Gush- ing) H. U., 1859. George D. Holton. (son of David, ir., and Emeline (Browne) Holton) D. C., 1873. Henry P. Saunderson, (son of Rev. Henry H., and Elizabeth (Cummings) Saunderson) D. C., 1873. The Old Jail. The state having been divided into counties, in 1771, and Charlestown made one of the shire towns of Cheshire, a Jail was required which was erected previous to the holding of the first court in 1772. Elijah King was appointed Jailor. This building was set on fire and consumed (Samuel Stevens' Journal.) Dec. 25th, 1773, and Mr. King lost nearly all his furni- ture and valuables. This was Saturday, and on the following Monday, the people had nearly all the timber upon the spot for building anothei*, and the following Saturday they turned out and hewed it. During the Revolu- tionary times, this jail was a very necessary institution. Many tories and persons suspected of Toryism, wei"e put into it and confined till such time as it was deemed safe to set them again at liberty. Mr. King who was suspected of entertaining too favorable an opinion of the royal cause was brought before the committee of Safety, in June 1777, for saying " That he looked upon the country as engaged in a wrong cause, and that if he must take up arms it would be on the other side," and was required by them to give bonds to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, in the sum of £ 500, that he would be of good behavior towards the subjects of the United States, and of New- Hampshire in particular; and that he would not go more than a half mile from the house of his residence, until the 1st of the following January, or further order of the committee of Safety, or General Court, or leave obtained of the committee of the town, and in case he refused to give such bonds he was to be restrained of his liberty, and placed in close confinement. Prentice Willard of Winchester, at the same time was placed in the same condemnation ; and Samuel Smith, Simon Baxter, Elijah Willard, Abner Sanger, and some others, for more decided and offensive expressions of their views, were sentenced to be closely con- fined in jail.* HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 653 During the Vermont controversy this jail became noted all over New- Hampshire, owing to tlie imprisonment of certain persons belonging to New-Hampshire, by the Vermont authorities which brought on a conflict between the two States, of whicli Charlestown was the central point of in- terest, which at one time threatened to result in a civil war (see Vermont Controversy in tliis work). During this period of excitement Isaac H. Ely was jailor. I ought to have stated that previous to the sun-ender of Burgoyne, this jail was burned a second time. On its being rebuilt after this, the court room was connected with the building and continued to be so till 1802, when a new Court House was erected on what is now called Summer street, which all the present inhabitants will remember as the old town hall, and which occupied the site of the present town hall. The old Court House in the jail had quite a spacious audience room, but of its par- ticular dimensions I have no information. It was in this that Judge Ol- cott presided and Benjamin West displayed his rare and almost unequalled eloquence, and in this public meetings of various kinds were called and held. In this jail was confined, in 1811, George Ryan for high way robbery. (See page 302.) AJso James Mc Donald, the most noted counterfeiter and accomplished scoundrel of his day, was confined here for a time. It was destroyed on the morning of the 1st of April, 1842, under the following cir- cumstances. John Hicks, a noted burglar and thief, for robbing a peddler's cart in Marlow, N. H., and some other misdeeds, had been arrested and placed in the jail. Having once attempted to escape without successf and wearying of his confinement, he determined at length to set the building on tire, and try what chances of escape the circumstances of its conflagration might afford. This determination he put in execution on the mornBig of the first of April, 1842,. which resulted, not only in the burning of the jail, but of numerous other buildings, gi-eat and small, in the vicinity. The fire was set about one o'clock in the morning, and, when the alarm was first given, had made very little progress. Hicks supposed that the first thing the jailor, Capt. Challis, would do, would be to release the prisoners ; and, as he would probably do this before many people had collected, he should stand a chance to escape ; but in this he miscalculated, for the first thing Challis did was to go to work to remove his furniture and valuables, think- ing it would do no harm for the prisoners to warm awhile in the fire they * Ihis seatence of the Committee of Safety, it apjieara could not be carried out. In the first place the jail was too much out of repair, to hold auy prisoners unless they were disposed to stay ID — Another thing Col. Enoch Hale who was High Sheriff, and had charge of the prisoners, could find no person to act as jail-keeper — He therefore took bonds with two sureties in £ 500 each for their abiding in the limits of the jnil of all except throe. Two of these, Simon Baxter and a per- son by the name of Butler, slipped the guard, and ran away and the other Abner Sanger, who was a low fellow and could not obtain bonds, was placed under the care of Cul. Hunt. f About three weeks before his setting fire to the jail, Hicks by an auger that had been furnish- ed him bored holes in a circular form through the flooring above bis cell, till he had cut out a place large enough to admit of his pulling himself up through it and in that manner got out of the building into the street, where unfortunately for him he met Mr. Challis, the jailor who immedi- ately took him back into his coll, and handcufTed and chained him. The flooring through which he bored was solid timber, over ten inches tliick. 654 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. had kindled. It grew hotter and hotter, and they cried out hastily to be let out — Hicks bawling at the top of his voice "For God's sake if you have any Christianity open the doorl" To this old Nathaniel Challis replied " It is a fire of your own kindling and you had better make your peace with God while you have an opportunity." When a sufficient company had collected to make it safe to release the prisoners, a difiELculty that had not been calculated upon lay in the way, and that was the key was no where to be found. At lengtli it was discovered, after considerable search, in a desk that had been can-ied over the other side of the street, and they were released from their cells, where the heat would have proved fatal to them in a vei"y short time longer. They were conducted from their cells under cliarge of Brooks Kimball and of George Hubbard, Esquires, and were taken over to the east side of the street and bound. They were afterwards sent to the jail at Keene. The morning of the fire, though it was April, was one of the coldest of the season. The buildings that were of most value that were burned, were the South Parish meeting-house, the old Darrah or Plumb Tavern, the store of Vryling Ix)vell, Esq., and David Helton's saddler shop. The greatest number of the buildings were barns, sheds and out-houses, some of which were valuable, but most of them were of little account. The meeting-house, which was the last building on the south that was burned, did not take fire till after daylight. The fire caught just where the steeple was connected with the roof, and the steeple was burned before the flames had made much progress on the main portion of the building. The builditjgs burned occupied the space from the north road to the Railroad Station to the present South Parish meeting-house. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE Op Maeriages in Chaelestown, from 1751 to 1850. 1751. Nov. 6, Benjamin Allen, Peggy SpaflFord. 1763. Dec. 19, William Heywood, Joanna Wetherbe. 1765. Oct. 15, Peter Page, Sarah Farnsworth. 1767. Mar. 2, Osmon Baker, Mary Farnsworth. 1768. July 6, Oliver Farnsworth, Elizabeth Wheeler. 1769. Nov. 3, Elijah Parker, Elizabeth Farwell. 1771. Oct. 39, William Farwell, jr., Phebe Crosby. 1773. July 9, John Hart, Submit Farnsworth. 1775. Mar. 9, Elijah Ellsworth, Susanna Porter. 1776. Mar. 7, Phinehas Pearl, Azubah Heywood. 1777. Dec. 31, Samuel Stevens, H Talitha Bingham, Lempster. 1778. June 11, Nathaniel Holden, Lettice Grout. 1781. Jan. 11, Enos Lovell, Rockingham, Mary Grout, jr. 1783. Dec. 30, Benjamin Labaree, Hannah Farwell. 1784. Mar. 29, Levi Putn.am,. Rebecca Holden. Aug. 30, William Henry, jr., Polly Holden. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 655 1789. 1790. " Oct. 12, Abnor Powers, •1786. Apr. 22, Nathan Allen, " Sept. 6, Rufus Labaree, " Dec. at Willpole, by Mr. Fessenden, 1787. Feb. 21, Amasa Grout, " Sept. 27, Stephen Hassam, 1788. Feb. 7, Reuben Nott, " Apr. 15, Jeromiali Johnson, " July 7, Oliver Combs, (Cooms) " Aug. 27, Oliver Farnsworth, jr., " Oct. 16, Jehoshaphat Grout, Nov. 29, Jason Dudley, Mar. 26, Joshua Cushman, Sept. 24, David Enos, [ford, " 30, Wm Dike Douglas, Walling- Mar. Sprague West, Apr. 1, Henry Perkins, Unity, May 19, Oliver Farwell, Sept. 6* Capt. Timothy Lull, Hartland, Nov. 4, Aaron Dean, Nov. 9, Peter Page, jr., June 24, Apthorp Carswell, Littleton, Nov. 29, Presbury West, Dec. 10, Jonas Lynd, Jan. 1, Asa Spafford, Fairfax, Vt., Jan. 10, Abel Fling, Mar. 7, James Willard jr., Hartland, Mar. 7, Paul Cushman, jr., " 12, Moses Morse, Williamstown, May 15, Lemuel Cone, Westminster, Oct. 10, Jason Wetherbe, Nov. 8, Benjamin Allen, Feb. 3, Clark Cushman, Mar. 13, Abijah Putnam, Aug. 31, Lester Fling, Springfield, Sept. 10, Alpheas Nichols, Nov. 19, Elisha Perkins, Unity, Jan. 25, Dr. Daniel Egerry, Lancaster, " Samuel Carlisle, " Feb. 15, Samuel Shepherd, Feb. 22, John Willie, " Mar. 5, Bailey Putnam, " Juno 21, Josiah Farwell, jr., 1796. Mar. 15, Phineas Hutchins, " Apr. 14, John Metcalf, " Aug. 1, James Hunt, " Sept. 1, Marcian Willard, 1792. 1793. 1794. 1795. Sabra Porter. Deborah Farwell. Olive Farwell. [ins. Elijah Grout, Abigail Hutch- Lucinda Heywood. Theodosia Hastings. Louisa Holden. Fanny Blanchard. Orpha Willard. Hannah Lynd. Anna Parker. Polly Goodenough. Keziah Dayley. Mrs. Mary Dike. Sybil Dudley. Phebe Carlton. Mehitable Ladd, Unity. Eusebia Grout. Peggy Allen. Phyla Walker. Eunice Billings. Amarilla Holden, Littleton. Terza Cai-leton, Acworth. Beulah Hairis. Widow Mary Spencer. Susanna Alvord. Anna Hutchins. Rebecca Glidden. Lydia Nichols. Dolly Parker. Sophia Farwell. Beulah Temple. Katy Grout. Susanna Durant. Naomi Hart Anna Cushman. Nanny Tucker. Fanny Heywood, Lunenburg. Alice West. Hannah Fuller. Polly Fuller. Anna Bailey. Mary Lathan. Lydia Willard. Roby Converse. Elmira Southard. Mary Baker. 656 EISTOKICAL MISCELLANY. 1797. Jan. 15. Jonathan Baker, Susanna Wetherbe, jr. *' Apr. 23, Joseph Nichols, Hannah Nichols. • " July 7, John Williams, Hartford, Ct.,Polly Powers. " Sept. 24, Thomas Melville, Betsey Walker. " Oct. 29, Diiniel Houghton, Springfield, Cynthia Hart. " Dec. 25, John C. Chamberlain, Nancy Hubbard. 1798. Jan. 2, Noah Porter, Jerusha Porter. " 23, Augustus Brown, Polly Sllsby. " Mar. 14, Samuel Weed, Anna Rumrill. " Apr. 10, Phineas Dunsmoor, Polly Gage. " " 18, Dr. David Taylor, Hannah Hanneford. May 13, Abijah Nichols, Polly Wright. " " Thomas Bignal, Polly Fairfield. " July 25, Bulkley Holton, Betsey Judevine. " Dec. 20, Joseph Yeomans, Betsey Baldwin. " Dec. 30, John Eastman, Anna Kimball. 1799. Jan. 24, ' Elyah Derby, Abigail Grow. " Feb. 28, Zenas Field, Surry, Mercy Nichols. " Apr. 18, Abraham Frisby, Springfield, Nelly Gallow.* June 21, Silas Garfield, Ruth Ellsworth. " Aug. 21, Levi Osgood, ' Susanna Glidden. " " 22, Ezra Nichols, Ruth Pease, Sept. 2, Samuel Baxter, Thetford, Vt., Sally Baker. Nov. 9, Wm. Mc Clintock, jr., Charlotte Grout. 1800. Feb. 3, Samuel Henry, Sally Cooley. •' " Enos Page, Fairfax, Vt., Asenath West. " " 18, Simon Rumrill, Hannah Perry, Stoddard. " Mar. 30, Perley Robbin, Phebe Mc Intosh. " Apr. 22, Jona. Austen, Betsy Stevens. ' (Towner June 24, Sam'l Harper, Polly Carlow. (Alias Polly " Nov. 20, Francis Barker, Katy Cross. 1801. May 6, Frederick A. Sumner, Mrs. Abigail Stone. " Aug. 13, Aaron Mason, Jerusha Emerson. " Sept. 21, Edward Whipple, Concord, Milla Walker, Concord. 1802. Jan. 18, L. T. Cheney, Westmoreland, Phila Geer. " Jan. 25, Samuel S. Benton, Langdon, Esther Prouty. " " 31, Simeon Church, Mehitabel Corbin. " Feb. 21, David Hovey, Washington, Anna Davidson, Acworth, " Mar. 8, David Putnam, Hannah Bailey. " 30, Ezra Freeman, Sally Dudley. " Apr. 28, Jonathan Collier, Jenny Mc Clintock. " Nov. 24, John Hacket, [Vt., Patty Putnam. 1803. Apr. 3, Gideon Kidder, Wealhersfield,Fanny Hubbard. Sept. 25, Walter Powers, [Mass., Sally Bellows. " Oct. 13, William Pomroy, Northfleld, Lucy Bowen. " Nov. 15, Shaler Beckwith, [Vt., Esther Simonds. 1804. Jan. 17, Vryling Lovell, Rockingham, Laura Hubbard. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 657 1804. Jan. 23, Asa Nichols, jun., Rachel Lampson, Unity, " Mar. 11, Perley llobbins, Nancy Farnsworth. " July 31, Godfrey Cook, Claremont, Abigail Hubbard. " Nov. 11, Amasa Nichols, Sally Biickman, Unity, " Dec. 26, Morris Du Shannois, Polly Gabore. 1805. Jan. 24, Riifus Leland, Middlesex, Vt., Miriam Densmore. " Feb. 3, Nathan Knapp, Hanover, Louisa Grinnel. " " 4, Beiyamin Harper, Sally Huntoon. " 28, William R. Griffith, Weathers- Deborah Decamp, [field, Vt. " Apr. 11, David Griswold, [Mass., Silena White. " June 1, Moses Buck, Polly Johnson. " June 3, Chester Gaylord, Hadley, Sidney Dickinson. " Aug. 28, Amos Brooks, Hannah Ames. " Sept. 18, Amos Wheeler, jr., Rachael Mc Glaughton. " " 29, Ezekial Hawley, Hartford, Nancy Boutvvell. " Nov. 4, WindelSilsby, Lunenbm'g.Vt. Susannah Blood. " " 24, John M. Foster, Alice Carlisle. 1806. Jan. 19, Willard Hall, [pelier, Vt., Eunice Walker. " Jan. 23, Zachariah Lawrence, Anna Royce, Langdon, " 26, Philip Whee'ler, jun., Mont- Polly Grout. " Feb. 20, Peter Wright, Mille Spencer, Springfield, Vt. " Apr. 6, Josiah Farr, Cavendish, Vt., Laura Allen. " " 9, George Brown, Anna Bemis, Springfield ,Vt. " 15, Duncan Cook, [Vt. Huldah Howard. " May 26, Nathan Elsworth,Rockingham, Mary Evans, Rockingham. Aug. 7, John Willard, jun., Eleutheria Walker, " " 10, Benjamin Brown, Sally Bemis. " " 24, Giddings Whitmore, Lebanon, Orra West Parker. " Nov. 9, Jacob Wright, Dorcas Walker. " 27, Ebenezer Russell, jun.. Spring- Frances Wells, field, Mass., 1807. Jan. 22, Joel Goss, Claremont, Fanny Sartwell. " Jan. 25, Joseph Judevine, Concord. Hannah Powers, " May 12, Levi Mower, Royalton, Vt., Eliza Farwell. July 19, Timothy Lull, Windsor, Vt., Phebe Tayloi-. " Dec. 10, Zacoheus Hall, Joannah Willard. 1808. Jan. 7, Solomon Fitch, Susannah Fuller. May 8, Ephraim Carpenter, Jerusha Porter. Oct. 26, Rufus How, Mehitable Peas. Nov. 17, Levi Spencer, Elizabeth Putnam. " " " William Dutton, jr., Lydia Turner. " Dec. 20, Duncan Cook, Hannah Holden . " " 22, J. H. Bingham, Alstead, Mary Stevens. " " " Abraham B. Story, Washing- Theodosia Willard. ton, 658 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 1809. Mar. 7, Aaron Brown, Anna White. " " 13, John De Camp, [land, Esther Rumrill. " Apr. 4, Benjamin Heustis, Westmore- Abigail Willard. 1810. June 4, James Hunter. " 13, Leonard Weed, " 28, Asa Wilson, July 12, Abel Mc Gregory, Jan. 3, Richard Kimball, " 25, Moses Judevine, Feb. 8, John Cram, Unity, 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. Lucy Blood. Charlotte Blood. Theodosia Silsby. Newport, Joannah Miller. Betsy Allen. Abigail Hubbard. [Vt., Rebecca Pease. June 14, Horace Wells, Rockingham, Lucinda Brown, Walpole, Sept. 25, Waterous Fairchild, Mary Day, Eeene, Nov. 10, Chester Grinnell,. Jane West. " 25, Joseph Heaton, Fanny Bowen. Feb. 3, Samuel Hubbard, Mary Allen. Apr. 9, Samuel Farrington, Patty Pratt. " 21, Martin Curtis, jr., Bristol, Vt.,Susannah Towner. June 11, Moses Fairbanks, Lucy Doolittle. Nov. 2, Enos Stevens, Martha Hunt. " 3, Israel Abbott, jr., Lydia Kittredge. Dec. 1, AVilliam Briggs, "Betsy Willard. " 18, John McCrae, Springfield, Vt.,Elizabeth Melville. Jan. 23, Horace Wheeler, [Mass., Martha Church. Apr. 8, Samuel G. Williams, Boston, Sally Delano. June 13, William Dunsmoor, [Y. Sally Reckard. Oct. 14, John Prouty, Schenectady, N. Clarissa Sartwell. " 15, J. L. Arms, Deerfield, Mass., Cynthia G. Hunt. Dec. 10, Lee French, Langdon, Lovina Hodgskins. " 17, Barnabas Mayo, Acworth, Margarett Prentiss. " 17, Paul Mason, Acworth, [Vt., Ann Prentiss. Jan. 3, Wm. Stoddard, Springfield, Polly Putnam. " 6, Enos Wise, Walpole, Feb. 11, Royal West, " 14, Manassa Osgood, " 28, James Everest, Peru, N. T Betsy Ely. Roxannah Hamlin. Fanny Carriel. Prudence Carriel. Mar. 22, Wm. Mc Murphy, Langdon, Laura Shumway. 8, Edward Reid, Dalton, Sophia Hubbard. 11, Perley Smith, Chesterfield, Abigail H. Ely. 17, Jacob Pierce, Alstead, Electa Evans. 30, Henry Hubbard, Sally W. Dean. 8, Noah P. Geer, Sally Buckman. 2, Nathan Tenney, Phebe Bean. " 8, David Marsh, Keene, Chloe Bowker. " 27, Joseph Hopkins, Lebanon, Sally Arms. June 19, Benjamin Ober, Elvira Kimball. July 30, Benjamin B. Bemis, Cornish, Mai-y White. Sept. 1, James Nesmith, Lucinda Southard. Apr. Nov. Feb. Mar HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 659 1814. 1815. 1816.. 1817. 1818. 1819. Nov. 10, Siimuel Dunsmoor, Anna D. Powers. " 10, Samuel Clark, Genesee, N.T., , Clarissa Gaylord. " 17, Samuel Perry, jun.. Phebe Westcott. Nov. 27, Levi Abbott, Lavira Tidd. Dec. 19, Walter Converse, Nancy Towner. [Vt. Feb. 2, Samuel N. Chamberlain, Dorcas Bingham, Springfield " 23, John Nichols, Unity, Lydia Atkins. Mar. 2, Henry Brown, Olive White. 8, James Carriel, Mary Reckard. Apr. 11, John Ball, Concord, Vt., Eusebia Judevine. May 3, Sam'l Quinton, Walpole, Lucretia Henry. 16, JosiahShepley.jun., Cynthia Tidd. Oct. 1, Abial Smart, Sophia Bennett. " 29, Lewis Boutell, Mary Black. Nov. 9, David Hubbard, Rosalinda Wescott. Dec. 13, Roswell Miller, Sarah Powers. " 31, Nathan P. Putnam, Nancy Grinnell. " " Stephen Matthews, Cynthia Royce. May, 16, Nathaniel Boutell, Sally Morgan. June 21, Seth Hart, . Alma Lummus. Sept. 22, Timothy Holden, Catharine Hubbard. Oct, 6, I.K)vid Huntley, Fanny White. " 27, John Church, Cynthia White. Dec. 1, Daniel Towner, Lucretia Atkins. 2, Samuel S. West, Lydia Putnam. Jan. 12, Fred Goodwin, Elizabeth Boutell. " 18, Jonathan Cammit, Canandai - Sarah Parker. " 30, Gust. A. Farwell, Murry, N. Y. Thure Griswold. gua, M. Y., Feb. Samuel Wilson, Betsey Osgood. Mar:. 2, Zelotes Putnam, Claremont, Hannah Whipple. " 10, Ashley Wood, Susan Richardson. June 29, Caleb Miller, Sarah Pierce. Aug. 21, Ephraim Howe, Acworth, Charlotte Pike. " 22, Artemas Whipple, Abigail Ballou. Sept 18, Josiah White, 2d, Lutheda Watkins. Oct. 6,, Elisha Wood, Langdon Harriet Bidwell, Langdon. " 14, Abel Perkins, Malinda Straw. Nov. 10, Gny Adams, Salome Olcott. Dec. 7, Nathan White, Springfield, Vt.Olive Putnam. " 25, Reuben Ray, Unity, Sophia Gile, Unity, N. H. April 2, Ezra Cram, [Vt. , Sophia Huntley. Aug. 23, Moses Child, Dummerston, Abigail Shipman. Oct. 18, Cyrus Parks, Nabby Bennett. Dec. 2, Frances W. Adams, Sally Mc Clintock. Feb. 4, Peter Sanders, .Unity, Hannah Pike. April 1, Joseph Rounsevall, Betsy Laughton. 660 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 1819. Oct. 31, Alva Walker, Harriet Blake. « Nov. 25, William Tarball,' Asenath Howe. ' 1820. Feb. 20, Roswell Huntington, Harriet Bowen. it May 15, Micajah Mo Intire, Emila Johnson. <( Dec. 12, John Lawrence, Mary Mack, Brattleboro Vt, 1821. Feb. Ezra Dean, Eliza Pierce, " Mar. 18, Lyman Smith, Laura Sibley. 1822. " 24, Thaylor Buell, Dena Barton. " " 28, Elihu Rounsevall, Orriel Reckard. (( Aug. 15, Fred Goodwin, Abigail Rumney. " C( " Michael Reilly, Hanover, Nancy Hamlin. " Oct. 10, David Taylor, Catharine Bragg. •' <( 15, Ira Gowan, Lura M. Abbott (t «( 24, Stephen D. Hasham, Mary Hunt. (( Nov. . 13, Henry Wells, Plainfield, Lucia Hnnt. «< t( 28. David Lufkin, Elizabeth Heywood. (« Dec. , 9, John P. Barber, Keene, Ellen Bellows, Keene, (« tt 31, Samuel Mc Colly, Martha Dutton. 1823. Feb. 13, Willard H. Nott, Barnard, Vt.,Sophia Ely, Barnard, Vt. 18, Guy E. Buckman, Elizabeth J. Smith, Langdori. N. H. Lucy Rogers, Chester, Vt. Nancy H. Chamberlain. Ann W. Green. Sarah Labaree. Lucinda Jefts. Matilda Hinkley. 1824. Jan. Feb. " 20, Isaac French, Grafton, Vt., April 8, Jacob Adams, " 14, Samuel Webber, May 1, Jonas Tufts, " 18, Grove Bid well, Aug. 3, David Decamp, " 12, Eliph't P. Reynolds, Acworth, Cena Lufkin. " 31, Charles Goodrich, Lucy Buckman. Oct. 20, George Little, Newbury, Jane Stone. " 27, Ebenezer Chever, Mount Ver- Mary Butterfield. non, N. H., [U. C. Nov. 17, Elijah G. Ayers, Kingston, Maria Buckman. Dec. 4, Ebenezer Pike, " .28, Ephraim C. Hull, 31, Samuel Smith, Putney, Vt., 1, Vryling Nevers, 27, Wm. Mc Intire, Hanover, 1, Hiram Putnam, " 10, Richard Canklin, " 29, Samuel Hulburt, Dalton, Mar. 18, Ichabod Corbin, April 6, Samuel Goodwin, " 8, Prentice Porter, Walpole, " 11, Simeon O. Cooley, May 25, Otis Batchelder, Bedford, Aug. 31, Henry F. Locke, Sophia Royce. Loisa Graves. Cynthia Willard. Lucretia Adams. Susan Furber. Emily Griswold. Caroline Griswold, Granby. Rachel Putnam. Mary Ann Bruce. Betsy Bragg. Philenia , Walpole. Harriet Lovell. Lucretia Labere. Artemisia Westcott. Sept. 15, Oct. 26, Nov 2, tt 30, Dec. 26, ti 28, Jan 1, «< 2, Feb. 17, Mai .7, << 30, July 30, Oct. 31, Nov .9, HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. QQ] 1824. Sept. 15, Levi Heywood, Emily Putnam. Aslibel Hamlin, Mary Grout Stephen Walker, Keziab Converse. Ephraim Willard, Sophronia Boutell. Willard Powers, Lydia Dwinnell. Schuyler Parks, [ham, Vt., Lucy Thayer. 1825. Jan. 1, James W. Evans, Rocking- Eunice Ilodgkins. Cyrus Garfield, [Vt., Hannah Rumrill. BeiyaminRumrill, Springfield, Mary Garfield. George Nye, Irasburgh, Vt., Esther Spencer. Moses Putnam, Amanda Holden, Langdon. Caleb Hill, Caroline Derby. James Hall, Claremont, Caroline M. Sumner. John Watts, Harriet Hale. Nov. 28, James Bacon, Fidelia Rice, Langdon. " Dec. 29, Humphrey Miles, Caroline Shipley. 1826. Jan. 1, William B. Tilden, Vt., Sarah Hunt. " " 2, Randall Smith, Westminster, Almira Parmenter. " 25, Levi Rumrill, Springfield, Vt, Ursula Garfield. Apr. 3, Jona. N. Hatch, Weathersfield, Polly Wetherbe. " " 18, Asa Powers, Mai-y B. Seaver. " May 16, Aaron Parks, [N. Y. Lncinda Nesmith. ' June 13, Jonas P. Walker, Westport, Eliza Spaulding. " 14, Ai Blood, Hannah Tidd. •' Oct. 11, Epaphroditus Ely, [Mass., Elizabeth Evans. " " 31, James T. Blanchard, Boston, Martha F..B. Sumner. " Nov. 23, Calvin P. Sanger, Boston Mass.Mary H. Ingersol. " " David Giffin, Mary E. White. " Dec. 20, Joseph Smart, Springfield, Vt.,Susan Putnam. " Dec. 25, Elias H- Cady, Hartland, Vt., Sarah L. Cooley. " " 28, Enoch Stevens, Methuen, MassNancy Boutell. 1827. Jan . i, Dan Shipley, Eunice Bowker. " " " Simeon Heywood, Mary B. Willard. " Feb . 5, Horace Hutcliinson, Littleton, Amanda M. Labare. " 18, Lorenzo Willard, [Vt. Oracy Walker. 1831. Jan. 3, D:tna Newton, Rockingham, Martha Reed. 1832. Nov. 26, Joseph B. Dennison, Leyden, Belinda Farwell. 1833. Mar. 4, A.G.McIntire, Springfield Vt.Sarah P. Holden. June 2, Calvin Davis, Lucy Rumrill. Sept. 9, Osgood Eaton, Sarah F. Redfield. " 16, Horace Hull, Polly Hill. Oct. 2, Rufus Huntley, Katherine Parker. " 14, George W. Hawkins, Marcia Hammond. Nov. 21, William Garfield, Anna Walker. 1834. Sept. 21, Joshua AVatton, Sarah Judevine. 1835. June 8, Benj. 1). Brewster, Unity, Mary M. Ladd, Unity. 1836. May 12, Marcus Dougherty, New York.Esther Silsby. 662. HISTORICAL MISCELLANT. 1837. May 24, Huron Slader, Mary Ann Parker. " June 8, Reuben Collins, Clerk, Mary Bellows Bryant. " Oct. Darius Eaton, Springfield, Vt.,Belin(1a Spencer. 1837. Dec. 12, Daniel Burney, Beverly, Mass.,Mary M. Wright. 1838. Feb. 22, Charles Hackett, Olive Church. 1838. Nov. 29, Alonzo Perkins, Sunderland, Clarissa Derby. Vt., 1839. June 25, Lewis Gay, [Vt. Lorinda Howard. 1840. Jan. 27, Jonathan Baker, Hardwiok, Harriet M. Willard. 1841. May 5, Hiram Smith, Harriet Briggs. Sept 21. Daniel Brooks, Betsey R. Weir. " Nov. 20, Lyman Britton, Brattleboro,Vt.Charlotte Challis. Dec. 30, E. H. Bradford, Levina D. Miller. 1842. Feb. 4, Erastus O. Walker, Lucy A. Towner. " Feb. 22, David Pierson, Bradford, "Vt. Sarah Tailor, New Market. „ Aug. 2. Paul Jacobs, Mary Humphrey. 1843. Jan. 5, John R. Johnson, Unity. [Vt. Jane G. Corbin. " 11, Willard B.Harlow,Springfield.MaryK. Whipple. " 20, Levi B. Harlow, Elithea G. D. Parker. " Mar. 2, Dr. Horace Saunders, [Mass.Abigail Judevine. " Apr. 19, William O. Wright, Danvers,Martha A. Howard. " " Caleb T. Buffum, Keene, Susan R. Gilmore. 1844. June 18, Natlian W. Howard, Rebecca H. Putnam. " Oct. 30, Benjamin C. Parker, Acworth.Mary Hubbard. " Dec. 22, James Caldwell, Lunenburg, Ann R. Pierce. Mass. 1845. Oct. 9, David S. Dutton, Claremont, Hannah H. Taylor. " Nov. 4, Alpheus Perry, Susan Way. [vers, Mass. " Dec. 21, A. S.Howard, Nancy L. Converse, Dan- 1846. Jan. 3, Otis W. Burton, Weston, Vt. Roxana Carriel. " " 8, Henry Hubbard, Adelia Perry. 1847. Feb. 8, Nathaniel L. Kennedy, Phebe W. Carriel. " May 16. Samuel K. Hathaway, Fair-Nancy D. Stevens. " " " haven, Mass. " " 20 Luther Brown, Claremont, Cynthia Knights, Claremont. 1848. Feb. 19, William Stratton, Craftsbury, Mary E. Powers. Vt. " Apr. 6, Amasa Rice, Pittsfield, Mass., Sarah D. Hubbard. " Aug. 7, Edwin W. Balloch, Caroline B. Hilliard. 1849. Nov. 27, Stephen L. Nichols, Unity, Julia A. Dudley, Unity. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF PUBLISHMENTS. Only a portion of the marriages which were solemnized were recorded. Many publishments occur which are followed by no record of the marriage of the parties named in them. I give a chronological table of these pub- lishments, most of which undoubtedly resulted in maifiage. 1767. Jan. 11, Joseph Wood, Esther Polsifer. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 663 1767. res. 1778. tt 1783. 1788. ti tt <« 1789. 1790. 1791. Jan. 25, ried ¥ Apr. 10, May 29, Sept. Oct. 4, Nov. 30, Mar. 30, May 25, Aug. 3, Sept. 21, Feb. 5, Mar. 5, Apr. 12, Oct. 2, Oct. 4, Nov. 1, Nov. 15, Dec. 27, Feb. &8, Apr. 25, Aug. 27, Sept. 5, Oct. 3, " 17, Nov. 21, Dec. 19, it tt Feb. 6. " 13, " 27, Abel Walker, eb. 26, 1767. Jona. Helton, Chester, Wm. Laiton (Leighton) Thos. Rose, Timothy Putnam, Jr., Jededlah Rice. Paul Cushman, Jr., Jonathan Grout, Oliver Famsworth, Jr., John Wheeler, Seth Hooker, Luther Spencer, Phinehas Page, Elisha White, Mrs. Elizabeth Graves, mar- Hannah Olcott. Polly Powers, Springfield. Eunice Newton, Deerfield. Sarah He wit. Jemima Hastings. Jenny West. Parthcna Page. Hannah Lynd. [hill. Hannah Thurston, Haver- Nabby Gay, Hinsdale. Sally Putnam. Jenny West. Deborah Gilman, Walpole. Lewis R. Morris, Springfield, Theodosia Olcott. [1789, Samuel Crosby, Ruth Terry, married Dec. 19, Samuel Putnam, Ruth Spencer. Samuel Bellou, P.-itty Mullian. Howard Reed, Charlotte Minor. Daniel Adams, Deborah Cooley. Tower Hill, negro. Rose Tuttle, Littleton. Linus Stevens, Lovel Felt, John Hodgkins, Lovina Durant. Jabez Walker, [bury,Anna Watkins. Jona. Arnold, Esq., St. Johns-Cynthia Hastings. Lester Fling, Joseph Hart, John West, Ezra Adams, Langdon, Enos Stevens, Barnet, " " Cipt. Jas. Parker, " " Capt. Sylvanus Hastings, " " Silas Simonds, Apr. 17, Abijah Parker. July 24, Wm. McClintock, " " Benja. Bellows, Aug. 4, Theodore Nott, " 27, Elisha Putnam, Oct. 9, Asahel Porter, Jan. 1, Obadiah Wells, Jan. 8, Roswell Hunt, Jan. 29, James Clandance. Apr. 6, Jesse Guild, June 24, Ebenezer Farnsworth, Sept. 30, Jotham White, Springfield, Polly Russell. Susanna Putnam. Lydia Reed. Dorothy Willard. Sophia Grout, married Mar. 4, 1791. Lovina Hastings. Mrs. Mary Putnam. Rachel Spaulding. Sally Bliss, Walpole. Sally Gould. Polly Parker. Katy Petty. Lydia Parker. Nancy Walker. [field. Elizabeth Southway, North- Mary Willard. Nancy Mc Clintock. Mrs. Dolly Sartwell. Olive Hayden. Betty Carswell. 664 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 1792. 4793. Nov. 1, James Thurber, St Johnsbury Rachel Putnam. Dec. Samuel Guild, [erness. Hoadley, Walpole. Dec. Maj. Richard Shepard, Hold-Ms« Azubah Adams. Dec. Joel Wilson, Springfield, Anna Farnsworth. Jan, 13, James Willard, jr., Hartland, Anna Hutchins. Feb. Feb. Jos. Adams, jr., Rockingham, Patty Swan. Obediah Shum way, Hannah Spaulding, Langdou . John Small Willard, Hartland, Nancy West. Benjamin Clark, Peggy Graves. Peter Bellows, jr., Mehitable Jacobs. No publishments recorded from 1793 to August 1796. 1796. Oct. 2, Peter Gilson, Dunstable, Rachel Dunn. «( Oct. 9, Elisha Garfield, Polly Vance. " Oct. 30, I^evi Brown, Polly Whiting. <( Dec. 23, Samuel Pollard, Betsy Sawyer. 1797. Apr. 2, John Williams, Hartford, Sally Powers. <( Oct. 29, Jonathan Watson, Mrs. Levina Parker. 4C Dec. 24, Moses Willard, jr.. Peggy Glidden, Unity. 1798. Jan. 7, Samuel Pratt, Polly Henry. tl Feb. 4, Sylvester Fisher, Warwick, Lydia Jones. ti Feb. 4, Elias Olcott, Rockingham, Fanny Hastings. it Mar. 4, Salmon White, Hannah Simonds. *t Apr. 1, Samuel Sever, Polly Holden. (t ' Apr. 12, Nathl. Baker, Mary De Camp. H Oct. 28, William Brooks, Keziah Stiles. ti Dec. 2, John Mc Conley, Dolly Moody, Unity. tt Dec. 9, Abner Gilson, Barnet, Polly Parsons. t( " " John Eastman, Anna Kimball. *i " 23; Dyer Walker, Polly Spencer, Springfield. 1799. Jan. 6, Zenas Field, Suri-y, Mercy Nichols. Feb. 17, Charles Flin, Drusilla West. *< " " Isaac Osgood, Elizabeth Garfield. « Mar. 10, Thomas Mc Clossin, Polly Fuller. «( " " Caleb White, Patty Henderson. (( June 30, Joseph Courier, Sally Putnam. i( Oct. 2, Samuel Rice, Martha Green, Gill. " " 20, John Sullivan Hutchins, Ar - Elizabeth Baker. gantile Dist. of Montreal I. it Jan. 3, John Henry, Polly Reynolds, Putney n Mar. 23, Josiah White, Sally Rogers. tt May 4, James Hirnes, Katy White. tt Aug. 13, John Garfield, Susanna Rogers. tt " 19, Abraham Boynton, Hannah Jefts. " " 26, Stephen Tucker, Hannah Edmunds. 1800. Oct. 19, Waitstill Willard, Susanna Minot. " Nov. 9, Isaac H. Ely, Relief Stone. " Dec. 21, Samuel Brown, Deborah Hall. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 665 1801. 1802. 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. 1807. Feb. 15, Elijah Keezer, Apr. 5. John Collington, July 19. Jona. Dike. Aug. 23, Tim. Putnam, 3d. Sept. 13. Abner Bingham, Nov. 22, Thos. Pierce, Dec. 20, John Salsbury, tt 27. Walter Converse, Jan. 3, Samuel Howard, Feb. 14. Timo. Holden. «( 21, Garrington Hastings, " US, Joseph Farwell. jr.. Mar. 7, John Mark. Springfield. (< 14, Ezra Nichols. Apr. 4, Luther Judevine, Aug. 3, Jona. Bellows. Dec. 3, James Turner. (( 26, Samuel Royce, Jan. 30, Joseph Darrah, [Vt., Apr. 24, Calvin Hubbard, Springfield, Aug. 14, Thaddeus Gleason, Nov. 17, Jonathan Holton, Dec. 17, Asa Nichols jr.. Feb. 19, Davis Griswold, Apr. 15. John Hodgskins, June i 3, , Jonathan Hall, Sept. 23. Samuel Bowman. Aug. 10. Jesse Lyon, Springfield, Vt. Oct. 13, AsaSartwell, " 27, Elisha Huntley, Dec. 29, Matthew Walker, " 29, Levi Brown. Feb. 16. Horace Hull, July 6, Frederick Locke. Aug. 17. Benjamin West, " 24, Ptoswell Willard, Dec. 7, EInathan Chamberlain, " 21, Abraham Putnam, Jan. 4, Roswell Hubbard. " 11, Charles Bowen, Feb. 7, Abel Powers, " 1, Charles Bickford, " 15, Seth Putnam. M.ar. 1. Jabez Beckwith. July 19. Stephen Morse. Betsy Weed. Lydia Pease. Clarisa Swet. Betsy Dickey Hall. Lucy Long. Norlinda Hart. • Sabrina Jones. Polly Lamson. Patience Judevine. Polly Page. Hopkinville, Vt. Hannah Olcott, Rockingham, Polly Glidden, Unity. Keziah Thomas, Barnstable, Polly Cushman. Prudence Hutchins. Anna Severance. Hitty Colburn. Eunice Hoadley, Relief Putnam, Amherst. Anne Meacham. Mehitabel Conelin. Nancy Pope, Walpole. Rachael Sampson. Salina White. [Mass. Hannah Spooner, Petersham, Sally Farnsworth, Windham Mary Harrington. Lincoln, ~ Mass. Eleanor Atkins. [Vt. Polly Williams, Rockingham Hannah Glidden. Unity. [Ct. Lydia Woodard, Thomson, Lucy Bates, Springfield. Vt. Tryphena Downer. Lucy Graves, m. July 15, Washington, N. H. Frances Gorden, Amherst. Elizabeth Taylor. Betsy Walker, Chesterfield. Sally Gill, Springfield. Vt. Sophia Wilson. Belinda Prouty. Langdon. Fanny Leach. Polly Bidwell. Jane Kai Hall, Acworth. Catherine Putnam, Spring- field, Vt. Mehitable Henderson. [Mass. 666 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 1807. .1808. 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. July Aug. Oct. Feb. May July Aug. Sept. Mar. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. Mar. Apr. (t Feb. (( Mar. June Oct. Nov. Feb. Sept. Nov. Dec. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. << Nov. Dec. Mar. Aug. Sept. Oct. 28, 9, 11, 11, 18, 14, 8, 22. 17, 17. 28, 11, 26, 27, 24, 26, 17, 11, 1, 1, 3. 17, 10, 24, 31, 30. 6, 3, 2, 13, 27, 1, 8, 6, 17, 8, 5, 17, 31, 7, 12, 27. 7, 14, 18, 9, 16, Elyah Simonds, James Bragg, Hubb."\rd Glidden, Erastus Fielding, Joseph Roby, James Hunter, Mitty Tufts, Charlestown, Susanna Cone. Elizabeth Metoalf. Polly Carpenter. Lucy Parks. Hannah Goodale, Stoddard, John Maynard, Springfleld.Vt.Esther Mc Clintock. Aaron Martin Morse, Fanny Gordon Purple. Josiah Hart, jr., Ruth Grout. Paul Knights, Rockingham, Vt.Eunice Blood. Daniel Rogers, Mario w, N.H., Eunice Brown. Daniel Cone, Celinda White. Henry Prouty, [ham.Vt, Elizabeth Silsby. Samuel Adams, jr.. Rocking- Mercy White. Ezra Holden, Westminister, Deborali Moar, Mass., Oliver May, Concord, Vt., Perry Dyer, John Radford, John Putnam, David Parker, Ralph French, Langdon, David Glidden, Ir.a A. Wiieeler, Amos Keyes, Jaazaniah Crosby, John Hodgskins, jr., Benjamin West, the 2nd, William Dunsmoor, Isaiah Williams, Abel Willard, Aaron Sholes. Claremont, Josiah Hubbard, Benjamin King, John T. Holden, Abel Walker, jr., George Bellows, Jacob Thrasher, Lemuel Grow, Israel Ober, Amos Pulsifer, Alpheus Perry, Mary Walker. Mary Gill, Springfield. Vt. Theoda Carlton. Peggy Willard. Fanny Jones. Martha Hodgskins. Polly Hurd. Hannah Hubbard. Christian Mc Clintock. Ann R. Parker, Hampton, Dianthe Prouty. Langdon. Phebe Tyler, Waterford, Vt. Rebecca Record, Martha Tenny, Pelham. Fanny Grout. Chloe Bowker. Peggy Allen. Mehitabel Howe. Abigail Putnam. Sally Doolittle. Cl.arissa Bellows. Mary Nichols. Susan Hubbard. Susan Simonds, Walpole. Sally Ober. Mary Farwell. Phebe Carriel, m. Apr. 7. Levi Willard, Joseph H. Hazelton, Croydon, Chloe Whipple. Levi Bradford, Maroite Fairchild. Erastus Bidwell, Langdon, Mary Ely. John Ober, jr., Anis Keyes, Acworth James Milliken, Abigail Ely. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 667 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. Oct. 16, Oct. 30, Nov. 13, Dec. 11, Dec. 11, Jan. 8, Jan. 8, Jan. 8, Jan. 15, Jan. 29, Feb. 19, Mar. 12, Apr. 17, July 9, Aug. 5, Aug. 6, Aug. 20, Aug. 23, iSept, 3, Nov. 19, Dec. 10, Dec. 24, Jan. 17, Jan. 21, Jan. 21, Feb. 11, Feb. 25, Mar. 17, Mar. 24, May 12, Aug. 25, Nov. 3, Nov. 10, Dec. 8, Dec. 8, Dec. 22, Feb. 2, Feb. 16, Feb. 16, Mar. 11, May 25, June 1, June 13, Sept. 7, Oct. 12, Nov. 2, Elizabeth Healy. [ter, Vt., Hiildah R. Sage, Westmins- Lucy Rogers. Lucy Corbin. Fanny Brown. Mary Turner. Eliza Southard. Phila Farnsworth. Calvin Ely, Jaazaniah Crosby, Joel Judkins, John Thornton, Acworth, Nathaniel Chapin, Walpole, William Dutton, Samuel Putnam, John Parker. Solon Ix)vell, [Vt., Mary Hasham. Loved Burnham,Rockingham, Priscilla West. Sylvester Powers, Thirsa Welman. James Plumb, Elizabeth Hasham. John P. Batchelder, Lucy Dickinson. Charles H. Bellows, N. T. city, Luoinda Bellows. Henry Baldwin, Millia Egerton, m. Sept. 7. Josiah Bowtell, Milla Buckman, Langdon. Isaac MeiTill, Lucy C. Osgood. [Vt. John Pierce, Patience Field, Springfield. Jesse Wheeler, Phila Willard. Samuel Hitchcock, Claremont,Sarah Bond. S.amuel Stickney, Springfield, Malinda West. Vt., Susanna Gardner. Betsy Carr, Hillsboro. [N. Y., Charlotte Grinnell. Albany, Mary Ixjvell. Alvarious Willard, Walpole, Lydia Albee. Henry H. Sylvester, [Mass., Elizabeth Hubbard. Thomas W. Tucker, Boston, Polly Orn. Samuel Bowman, Elisha Huntley, Stephen Bowman, Christian Shears, Artimas Whipple, Benjamin I. Blood, Ephraim Putnam, Oliver Boutell, Nathan Huntoon, Unity, James Ayers, Hillsboro, Travis Smith, William Lawrence, Sewall Davis. Abigail Ballou. Almira Adams. Mrs. Prudence Sanderson, Rockingham, Vt. Polly Bigford. Sophia Parker. Betsy Holt. F.anny Barton, Caroline Walker. Hannah Reed, Langdon. Oel Billings, City of N. York, Sophia Wetherbe. Thomas Trow, Levi Kimball, William Tidd, Joseph Simonds, John Duncan, Nathaniel Black, Joel Baker, Medfield, Mass., John Dunsmoor, Keziah West. Mary Stiles. Luthora Bond. Jemima Bragg. Caroline B. Hastings. Alice Boutell. Abigail Heaton. Submit Bragg. 668 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 1818. 1817. Nov. 16, Henry Simonds, " 17, Samuel Guildford, " " 23, Hiram Brigliam, Claremonl, " 23. Tliomas Hutchinson, " 23, Samuel G. Calisle, " Dec. 15, Henrj' Jones, Waitsfield, Vt. " 25, John White, Waitsfield, Jan. 25, Albert Morley, Brutus, N. Y., Esther Healey. " 25, Elisha Wilcox, Middletown, Hepsibeth Cornwall " 25, Asa Meacham, [Ct., " 25, Ezra Cram, Mar. 15, Oliver Hill, 29, Nathan Bond, 27, Jennison J. Hubbard, 8, Thomas Reed, Langdon, 10, George W. Mack, 18, Isaac F. Wetherbe, 1819. Sept. Nov. Dec. Apr. May Mary Jones. Submit C. Tenny. Prudence Stevens. Letty Jenkins. Martha Shumvvay. Lucy Sartwell. Martha Parker. Peggy Farwell. Sophia Huntley. Hannah Pierce, Langdon. Margaret Walker. Eliza Fitch, m. Oct. 27. Esther Davis. Mary Ann Skinner, Gill. Mitty Tufts. 2. Melzer Tuels, Westmoreland, Fiances Henry. 1820. 31, Ethan Huntley, 25, Alva Cushman, 29, Chester Hulbutt, Dalton, 5, Aaron Stearns, 12, Levi Pierce, " William Tarble, 26, Roswell Hodgskins, 5, Joshua Prouty, 12, Lewis Osgood, 6, Isaac Abbott, 23, George R. Lathe, 18, Robert Kennedy, 10, Hubbard Mark, 29, Jonathan B. Hubbard, 3, Francis Bingham, " 17, Ira Perry, " " " Horace Putnam, " " 24, Edmund Pelouse, 1821. Jan. 7, Orlando Walker. " 21, Jedediah S. Osgood, July Aug. Sept. Dec. ti Feb. Apr. June Sept. Oct. Dec. Hannah White. Annette M. Me Clintock. Sally Farwell. Sally Simonds; Eliza Boutell. Asenath Henry. Lncretia Walker. [Mass. Sarah Hutchins, Dorchestei', Mary Ann Parker. Susan Labaree. Milla B. Holton. Betsy Chellis. Polly Lamb, Langdon. An nice Whipple. Sophia Grout. Estlier Meacham. Theodosia Pollard. Matilda Corbin. Naomi Fowler. Mary P. Bellows. Eli Richardson, Ivioretown, Vt. Abigail Bragg. Feb. 11, Ira King, Langdon, Apr. 5, James Porter, June 10, Simeon Pike, " 17, Alpheus Watkins, 24, John Watts, Rockingham, July 22. Daniel Davis, " 29, John Putnam, Hartland, Vt., Laura Cady. " " Horace Mathewson, Acworth, Dolly Challis. Aug. 26, Francis Dwinell, Walpole, Nancy Tarble Han-iet Wood. Harriet Welman. Melinda Nichols, Weare. Mary Johnson. Margaret Watson. Betsy Davis. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 669 1821. 182-2. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1826. Sept. Ifi, Charles Watkins, Oct. 14, John C. Chamberlain, Nov. 4, Lurnan H. Farnsworth, " " Charles Perry, Claremont, " 11, John Searles, Walpole, Dec. 8, .Tonalhiin Grout, L.mgdon, Dec. 16, Enoch H. West, Fob. 10, Henry B. Batehelder, Mar. 17, John Kelsey, " " John Jones, June 9, Stephen Cummings, Sept. 15, Erastus Glidden, Oct. '5, James Anderson, Nov. 10, William Farwell, Jan. 5, Jonathan Sanger, Alstead, Feb. 2, Ira Putnam, Mar. 30, Eliphalet P. Reynolds, July 24, Thomas Wliipple, Sept. 28, Elias Hall, Oct. 12, George Little, Haverhill, Nov. 9, Sherburn Merrill, Unity, Feb. 8, Samuel Hurlburt, Dalton, " 22, Jasper Hey wood, Apr. 11, Franklin Wheeler, Aug. 29, Samuel Meacham, Sept. 5, Amos Hirnes, 29, Granville C. Gilmore, 4, Leonard Taylor, 8, Benjamin Challis, 9, Oliver T. Spalding, 17, Charles Bisbee, [Mass- Northfield, 1839. May Sept. Oct. Apr. Sept. Oct. Feb. Apr. It May July Aug. Sept. Oct. Dec. 1840. Jan. Martha Sherman, Walpole. Lucy Hamatt. Hannah Allen. Mary Putnam, Claremont. Mary Woods. Mary Prouty, Langdon. Lydia C. Fitch. Betsy E. Bignall, Acworth. Betsy Gleason, Langdon. Nancy Woods. Sarah Herrick. Dianthe Metcalf. Mavilia Field, Sophia Putnam. Harriet Dwinell. Susan Kimball. Sina Lufkin. Mary Baker, Grafton. Sarah Clark, Acworth. Jane Stone. Angeline Walker. Rachel Putnam. Mary Judevine. Mehitabel Lufkins, Acworth . Orvil Brown, Guildhall, Vt- Charlotte Mark. Amanda Markham. Elizabeth Prouty. Nancy Conant. Martha M. Colby. [N. Y.Sophia Anderson, Walpole. 29, Thos. C. Loveland, Greene Co.,Ruth Bowker. Matha Ann Stevens. Lucy Holt, Hartland, Vt. Louisa M. Brooks, Helen J. Dunsmoor. Abby D. Fairbanks. Martha P. Durant. [town. Lucetta W. Bailey, Middle- Feb. Mar. 3, George Hubbard, 7, Isaac Miles. 14, J. Humphrey Hubbard, 19, Eben H. Tidd, 1, Charles M. Bingham, 4, Baxter Cobb, Boston, Mass., 1, Dennis Comwell, 6, Shepley W. Knight, [Vt.,Sarah Moore, Swanzey. 22. George W. Bussell, Windsor, Lois D. Moody. 29, William Knight, Paris, N.Y., Sophia D. Hamlin, 5, Cyrus Munsell, Dianthe Huntoon. 19, Josiah White, jr., Ann Jenette Lancaster, Pe- terboro', N. H. 26, Parkman Brooks, Mary Ann Judevine. 2, Clark W. Converse, Ellen H. Putnam. 8, Charles Willard, Nancy Shurtleff. 670 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 1840. Mar. 15, Samuel Clark, jr. [Ct., Sarah D. Camel. " 22, Sherman Roberts, MiddletownMary M. Cornwell. Aug. 15, Mathew W. Whipple, Conooi-dDianthe Lane. " 30, John S. Walker, [Vt., Sarah S. Campbell. Sept. 20, D. W. Parks, Weathersfleld, Jane Ellison. Oct. 4, Henry Moody, Hadley, Mass., Mary Ellen Willard. " " Mark Lane, Louisa Holden. " 25, Samuel Shumway, Minerva Snow, Chesterfield. " " Charles V. Barker, Unity, Francis Pelouse. [Vt. 1841. July 21, Stephen Hasham, Lucy A. Miller, Springfield, " Aug. 7, Col. Nehemiah Hart, Keene, Miranda R. Miller. Sumner Warren, Westmore- Eleuthera Willard. [land,. Oct. 16, Jehial Harlow. Springfield, Vt. Jane S. Bowtell. [Vt. " " " Mathew Chaplin, Lorinda Howe, Springfield, " Nov. 1, Henry P. Willson, Langdon, Lydia F. Mack. " W. H. Eastman, D. Winter, Grantham. 1842. Jan. 10, John Meigham, Albany, N. Y.Elizabeth Ely. Feb. 28, John M. Farman, Abigail W. Ladd, Unity. " Mar. 13, Prentice P. Bowen, Eliza J. Putnam. [Vt. " " 20, Orrin Putnam, Sarah Putnam, Springfield, " May 1, Gilman Bowen, Parthena Putnam. " Aug. 7, Henry L. Hunt, Martha S. Goodrich. " Sept. 18, H. T. Armstrong, [mont,Caroline G. Hall, Cla,remont. " " 25, Gen. Erastus Glidden, Clare-Harriet Willard. " Oct. 30, Geo. Lawrence, Danville, Vt.,Mary K. Hamlin. " Nov. 20, Samuel H. Grinnell. [Vt., Caroline Walker, Langdon. " Dec. 22, Willard B.Harlow, Springfield Mary K. Whipple. 1843. Jan. 29, Capt. Albert H. Wheeler, Caroline G. Huntly, Langdon, " Feb. 26, Robert A. Brainard, So. Had-Sophronia.Beckwith. ley, Mass., [Vt. " Mar. 19, George W. Morrison, Betsy Emery, Rockingham, " Apr. (9, Lewis Gay, jr., [ough, Hannah E. Howard,Marlow. " " " Silas P. Thomson, Middlebor- Esther N. Bowman, [field. •' July 29, Rev. J. De Forest Richards, Harriet B. Jarvis, Weathers- " Sept. 30, Jonathan L.Mack, Chester, Vt. Mary Randall. ; " " " I. H. Silsby, E. H. Merrill, Dracut. " Oct. 29, Aaron Clark, jr., Mary Ann Towner. " Dec; 3, Benjamin P. Converse, Lyme, Miranda Walker. " " 17,, Samuel Wilson,^VergennesVt., Fanny J. Parker.. " " 28, William H. Poole, Hanover,, Charlotte J. Moody. 1844. Jan. 7, Samuel Boice, Walpole, Nancy S. Mack. [Johnsbury, " " 28, Jacob Amsdem, [ford, Vt. Jacynthia Baldwin, St. " Feb. 4, Ebenezer M. Wheeler, Water- Mary L. Amsden. " Mar.. 10, Ira A. Wheeler, jr., Rosanna S. Coi-lis. " " " George Wheeler, Mary Thomas, Walpole, " Apr. 28, John C. Butterfield, Walpole, Sarah H. Burnham, No. Charlestown. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 671 1844. May 5, William Brown, Mary H. Wilson, Royalton, " " 13, Rodney Powers, Hadley,, Rebecca D. Willard. [Mass. Mass., " " " Nathan W. Howard, [pole, Rebecca H. Putnam. " " 26, A. Kingsbury Maynard, Wal- Maria Geer. " July 28, Emery M. Amsdem, Ann M. Henry. Nov. 30, N. B. Hull, S. P. Mc Intire. 1845. Jan. 19, Uriah Straw, Unity,. Sai"ah Dunsmoor. " Feb. 9, Ephi'aim Heywood, Harriet Ann Hale, Walpolo. " Mar. 16, John B. Fairbanks, Rebecca T. Wood. " Aug. 10, Winslow Richard, Cornish, Cordelia W. Hart. " Sept. 20, David S. Button, Claremont, Hannah H. Taylor. " 27, Samuel L. Wilder, Anna L. Silsby. " Oct. 19, Alpheus Perry, Susan Way. 1846. Feb. 8, Horace Hubbard, Marcia W. Putnam, Unity. " Apr. 6, Ansel E. Glover, Alstead, Annah Willard. " " 12, John C. Farnum, Andover, Sarah Tufts, m. May 6th. Mass., " Oct. 11, Robert A. Wheaton, Lebanon, Sarah W. Goodwin. " 25, Roswell Smith, Hadley, Mass., Elisabeth S. Ely. " Nov. 22, Laban Bullock, Canton, Harriet S. Dunsmoor. [m't. " Dec. 6, Samuel L. Fletcher, [Ohio, Catherine M. Jones, Clare- " " 17, Ashbel M. Perry, Cleaveland, Caroline Locke. 1847. Jan. 3, Rufus Heywood, [Vt., Sybil B. Milliken, Sharon. " Apr. 11, Horace R. Damon, Springfield,. Susan Spencer. " " 15, Alfred Wheeler, Langdon, Mary Ann Pollard. " May 30, James E. Wood, Martha Goodwin. " June 13, Samuel H. Grinnell, [Mich,, Ann T. Wetherbe. " July 4, Josiah White, jr., Adrian, Abby O. Wetherbe. " Aug. 15, Joshua Bowker, [town, Mass., Elizabeth Dunsmoor. " " 22, Godfrey B. Albee, Charles- Martha L. Willard. " Nov. 7, Benjamin H. Peverly, Mary E. Mc Pherson, Charlestown, Mass. " " 14, Albert W. Gilmore, Boston, Louisa Way. " " 28, Erastus G. Perkins, N. Y., Rosetta A. Merrill. 1848. Jan. 2, George Webster, Alstead, Rebecca A. Brooks. " Mar., 19, James M. Bowman, Miranda Woods, [ister, Vt. " Apr. 30, George M. Dickinson.. Susan D. Willard, Westmin- " Aug. 6, Albert H. Fisher,. Claremont, Sarah J. Dunsmoor. " " 30, David Starett, [Mass., Sarah A. Bixby, Hillsboro'. " Sept. 10, Charles Endioott,, Canton, Augusta G. Dunsmoor. .• " Oct. 29, John Foster, [Mass., Emeline Cannon, Surry. " Nov. 5, George F.,Butterfleld, Lowell, Elizabeth Stoddard-. " Dec. 17, Orton F. Moody,. Lucy Dunsmoor, Unity. " " 24, Lucian Lane, Emeline Richards, Cornish. " " 31, Nathan P. Putnam, Julia Leland. 1849. Jan.. 7, John M. Ager,: Claremont, Elizabeth Allen. " " " Franklin L. Chamberlain, Louisa Garfield. 672 HISTORICAL MISCBLLANT. 1849. Feb. 11, James S. Putnam, Elizabeth A. Chapman, Ac- " " " Dan. W. Johnson, Chiremont, Syrena P. Walker, [worth. " Mar. 4, Jonas Porter, Caroline W. Putnam. " " 13, Isaac Tower, Mary Corbin. " " " Isaac Miles, Sarah M. Hall, Newport. " " 31, George W. Balloch, jr., Mariha Jane Palmer. [Mass. " Apr. 9, Albert Judevine, Olive L. Jinks, Hancock, " May 12, Simeon F. EUenwood, Sarah Clark, Boston, Mass. " Sept. 1, James Henry, Manchester, Ellen Hunt Avery. " " William H. Riley, Emily M. Winter, Alstead. " 3, David Holton, jr., EmelineL. Brown, Hinsdale. " " 30, Milan Scripture, [field, Vt., Mercy G. Vilas, Alstead. " Oct. 9, Frederick W. Porter, Spring- Caroline Silsby. " Nov. 3, George Blaisdell, Piermont, Mary E. Walker. " 24, Henry Turner, Sybil P. Geer. " " " Nathan Hunt, Sarah M. Swett, Claremont. " " " Samuel Bosworth, [ton, Mass.,Elizabeth T. Craig. 1850. Jan. 23, William F. Bridge, E. Lexing- Elizabeth G. Crosby. TOWN OFFICERS. From the organization of the Township under the New-Hampshike Charter to 1876. 1753. Phineas Stevens, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; Phineas Stevens, John Hastings, John SpaflEbrd, Sel. ; Phineas Stevens T. Treas. 1754. Phineas Stevens, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; Phineas Stevens, John Hastings, Isaac Parker, Sel. ; Phineas Stevens, T. Treas. 1755. Isaac Parker, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; John Hastings, Isaac Parker, Ebenezer Putnam, Moses Willard, John SpaflFord, Sel. ; John Hast- ings, T. Treas. 1756. John Sawyer, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; John Hastings, Eben- ezer Putnam, William Heywood. Sel. ; Ebenezer Putnam, T. Treas. 1757. Seth Walker, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; John Hastings, Thom- as Adams, Isaac Parker, Sel. ; William Heywood, T. Treas. 1758 Isaac Parker, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; John Hastings, Isaac Parker, Peter Labaree, Sel. ; William Heywood, T. Treas. 1759. Isaac Parker, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; John Hastings, Isaac Parker, William Heywood, Sel. ; Peter Labaree, T. Treas. 1760. Isaac Parker, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C. ; Isaac Parker, Peter Labaree, William Heywood, Sel. ; Peter Labaree, T. Treas. 1761. Isaac Parker, Mod. ; John Hastings, T. C, ; Isaac Parker, William Heywood, Samuel Hunt, Ebenezer Putnam, Joel Mathews, Sel. ; William Heywood, T. Treas. 1762. Isaac Parker Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Isaac Parker, Samuel Hunt, Samuel Stevens, Sel,; William Heywood, T, Treas. 1763. Simon Stevens, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 673 wood, Samuel Stevens, Samuel Hunt, Sel. ; William Seywood, T. Treas. 1764. Simon Stevens, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Samuel Stevens, Samuel Hunt, Sel. ; Samuel Hunt T. Treas. 1765. Ebenezer Putnam, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Stev- ens, Ebenezer Putnam, John Hastings, jr., Sel.; Samuel Stevens. T. Treas. 1766. Ebenezer Putnam, Mod. ; AVilliam Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Samuel Stevens, Sylvanus Hastings, Sel. ; Samuel Hunt, T. Treas. 1767. Samuel Hint, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Simon Sartwell, Sylvanus Hastings, Sel. ; Samuel Hunt, T. Treas. 1768. Simon Stevens, Mod.; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Elijah Grout, Simon Sartwell, Sel. ; Samuel Hunt, T. Treas. Simon .Stevens, delegate to Assembly at Portsmouth. 1769. Ebenezer Putnam, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Simeon. Olcott, Elijah Grout, Sel. ; Samuel Hunt, T. Treas. ; Captain Simon Stevens, del. to Assembly at Portsmouth. 1770. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C, ; Simeon Olcott, William Heywood, John Hastings, jr., Sel. ; Samuel Hunt, T. Treas. ; Capt. Simon Stevens, Rep. 1771. Samuel Himt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Simeon Olcott, William Heywood, Samuel Hunt, Sel. ; Samuel Hunt, T. Treas. ; Simeon Olcott, Del. to Assembly at Portsmouth. 1772. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, William Heywood, Sylvanus Hastings, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; Sim- eon Olcott, Rep. 1773. Samuel Hunt. Mod, ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, William Heywood, Enos Stevens, Sel; Abel Walker, T. Treas.; Simeon Olcott, Rep. 1774. Samuel Hunt, Mod.; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, William Heywood, Simeon Olcott, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; Samuel Hunt, Del. 1775. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, William Heywood, Enos Stevens, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; Elijah Grout, Delegate to Exeter and Portsmouth; William Heywood, Delegate to Prov. Congress at Exeter. 1776. Samuel Hunt, Mod.; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, William Heywood, Enos Stevens, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; Elijah Grout, Del. to Exeter. 1777. Stephen Alvord, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Elijah Grout, Peter Labaree, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; David Taylor, Rep. 1778. Samuel Hunt. Mod. ; William Heywood, T- C. ; William Heywood Elijah Grout, Peter Page, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; William Heywood, Samuel Hunt, Rep. 1779. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Stevens, Peter Page, John Hubbard, Sel. ; Abel Walker, T. Treas. ; William Hey- wood, Rep. 1780. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Stevens, 674 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY, John Hubbard, Jotham White, Sel. ; Simeon Olcott, T. Treas. ; Benjamin West, Rep. 1781. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, Pe- ter Labaree, John Hubbard,.Sel. ; Simeon Olcott, T. Treas. ; William Hey- Tcood, Ely ah Grout, Rep, 1782. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T, C. ; Samuel Hunt, John Hubbard, William Heywood, Sel. ; Simeon Olcott, T. Treas. ; John Hubbard, Rep. 21st of May, 1782. 1783. Elijah Grout, Mod. ; William Hey wood, T. C. ; WUliam Heywood, Elijah Gj-out, Samuel Wetherbe, Sel. ; Simeon Olcott, T.^reas. * 1784. Elijah Grout, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, John Hubbard, Peter Page, Sel. ; Simeon Olcott, T. Treas. ; John Hubbard, Elijah Grout, Rep. 1785. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Samuel Hunt, Wil- liam Heywood, John Hubbard, Sel.; John Hubbard. T. Treas.; Elyah Grout, Rep. 1786. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Elijah Grout, Simon Sartwell, Sel. ; John Hubbard, T. Treas. ; John Hubbard, Rep. 1787. Peter Labaree. Mod, ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Abel Walker, Simon Sartwell, Sel. ; John Hubbard, T. Treas. ; John Hubbard, Rep. Maj. for John Sullivan, " Fed." 31. 1788. Elijah Grout, Mod. ; Elijah Grout, T. C. ; Samuel Stevens, Sam- uel Wetherbe, William Farwell, jr., Sel. ; John Hubbard, T. Treas. ; Wil- liam Page, Rep. Majority for John Sullivan, 43 ; for Washington 31. 1789. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Samuel Stevens, Abel Walker, Sel. ; Moses Willard, T. Treas. ; William Page, Rep. Majority for Sullivan, 59. 1790. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Sariiuel Stevens, Benjamin Moore, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas. ; William Page, Rep. Majority for Josiah Bartlett, Republican, 53. 1791. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Benjamin Moore, Samuel Stevens, Sel.; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas.; Wil- liam Page, Rep. Majority for Josiali Bartlett, (Rep.) 57. 1792. Samuel Hunt, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William He3rwood, Elijah Grout, Benjamin Labaree, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas. ; Benja- min Moore, Rep. Majority for Josiah (Bartlett, 36; for Worthington, 21. 1793. Simeon Olcott, Mod, ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Benjamin Moore, Samuel Stevens, Asahel Hunt, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas. ; Samuel Stevens, Rep.; John Taylor Gilman, (Federalist). 1794. John Hubbard, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; Elijah Grout, William Heywood, Samuel Crosby, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas. ; Sam- uel Stevens, Rep. Majority for Gilman, 50. 1795. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Benjamin Labaree, Moses Willard Hastings, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas. ; Elijah Grout, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 74. 1796. Simeon Olcott, Mod. ; AVilliam Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 675 Benjamin Ijabaree, Samuel Crosby, Sel.; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas.; Sam* uel Stevens, Rop. Maj. for Gilman, 89, for Adams, 38. 1797. Ephraim Carpenter, Mod.; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Ephraim Carpenter, Moses W. Hastings, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Trcas. ; Samuel Stevens, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 107. 1798. John Hubbard, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, Timothy West, Timothy Holden, Sel. ; Samuel Crosby, T. Treas. ; Samuel Stevens, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 13-2. (all) 1799. Ephraim Carpenter, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, Timothy West, Timothy Holden, Sel. ; Beiyamin Clark, T. Treas. ; Samuel Stevens, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 120. (all) 1800. Ephraim Carpenter, Mod.; William .Heywood, T. C; William Heywood, Timothy West, John Willard, Sel. ; Benjamin Clark, T. Treas. ; Ephraim Carpenter, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 107. 1801. Ephraim Carpenter, Mod.; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Heywood, John Willard, Timothy Holden, Sel. ; Benjamin Clark, T. Treas. ; Ephraim Carpenter, Rep, Maj. for Gilman 110. 1802. John Hubbard, Mod. ; William Heywood, T. C. ; William Hey- wood, John Willard, Timothy Holden, Sel.; Benjamin Clark, T. Treas.; Samuel Hunt, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 147. 1803. John Hubbard, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Timothy West, Timothy Holden, Roswell Hunt, Sel. ; Benjamin Clark, T. Treas. ; Oliver Hastings, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 145. 1804. John Hubbard Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Timothy Hol- den, Frederic A. Sumner, Jesse Healy, Sel. ; Beiyamin Clark, T. Treas.: Oliver Hall, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 41,.for Federalists 41. 1805. John Willard, Mod.; Frederic A. Sumner. T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Benjamin Labaree, Jesse Healy, Sel. ; Benjamin Clark, T. Ti-eas. ; Oliver Hall, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 58. « 1806. John WiUard, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Benjamin Labaree, Jesse Healy, Sel. ; B^jamin Clark T. Treas. ; Oliver Hastings, Rep. Maj. for John Langdon, Rep. 52. 1807. Benjamin Labaree, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumuer, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Benjamm Labaree, Jesse Healy, Sel. ; Beiyamin Clark, T. Treas. ; Benjamin Labaree. Rep. Maj. for Laugdon 26. 1808. John C-. Chamberlain, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Benjamin Labaree, Jesse Healy, Sel. ; Benjamin Clark, T. Treas. Maj. for Langdon 21, for Ruckney, Fed., 149. 1809 John C. Chamberlain, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; I'rederic A. Sumner, Benjamin Labaree, Jesse Healy, Sel. ; Aaron Dean, i'. Treas. ; Benjamin Labaree, Rep. Maj. for Smith, Fed., 139. 1810. Henry Hubbard, Mod.; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Jonathan Baker, Enos Stevens, Sel.; Roswell Willard, T. Treas.; Horace Hall, Rep. ; Maj. for Jeremiah Smith 116. 1811. Henry Hubbard, Mo3. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel. ; Roswell AVillard, T. Treas., Horace Hall, Rep. Maj. for Jeremiah Smith 116. 1812. John C. Chamberlain, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic 676 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel.; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas.; Honry Hubbard, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 156, for Clinton 209. 1813. John C. Chamberlain Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C, Fred- eric A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens Sel. ; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; Henry Hubbard, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 169. 1814. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; Fi-ederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel.; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas.; Henry Hubbard, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 207. 1815. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel.; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas.; Henry Hubbard, Rep. Maj. for Gilman 208. 1816. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel. ; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; Enos Stevens, Rep. ; Maj. for James Sheafe, (Fed) 166 — for Fed. 124. 1817. John O. Chamberlain, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Fred- eric A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel.; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; Enos Stevens, Rep. ; Maj. for Jeremiah Mason, Fed., 114. 1818. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; Frederic A. Sumner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel. ; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; John C. Chamberlain, Rep.; Maj. for Jeremiah Mason, 97. 1819. Henry Hubbard, Mod.; George Olcott, T. C; Henry Hubbard, Horace Wheeler, George Olcott, Sel. ; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; Henry Hubbard, Rep.; Maj. for William Hale, Fed. 14. 1820. Enos Stevens, Mod. ; George Olcott, T. C. ; Henry Hubbard, Hor- ace Wheeler, George Olcott, Sel. ; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; Henry Hub- bard, Rep. ; Maj, for Samuel Bell, (Rep.) 135, for Monroe, 31. 1821. John C. Chamberlain, Mod. ; George Olcott, T. C. ; Enos Stevens, Nathan Allen, George Olcott, Sel.; Obadiah Wells, T. Treas. ; Enos Ste- vens, Rep.; Maj. for S^uel Bell, 104. 1822. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; George Olcott, T. C. ; Enos Stevens, Na- than Allen, George 01c5tt, Sel.; Charles Westcott, T. Treas.; Enos Ste- vens, Rep.; Maj. for Samuel Bell, 113. 1823. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; Frederic A. Snmner, T. C. ; Frederic A. Sumner, Nathan Allen, Enos Stevens, Sel. ; Henry H. Sylvester, T. Treas. ; Henry Hubbard, Rep. ; Plurality for Levi Woodbury, Rep. 5. 1824. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; George Olcott, T. C. ; Enos Stevens, Na- than Allen, James Labaree, Sel.; Henry H. Sylvester, T. Treas.; Henry Hubbard, Rep. ; Plurality for Woodbury, (Rep.) 14, for Adams, 65. 1825. Henry Hubbard, Mod. ; Henry H. Sylvester, T. C. ; Enos Stevens, Hubbard Glidden, James Labaree, Sel. ; Henry H. Sylvester, T. Treas. ; Henry Hubbard, Rep.; Maj. for David L. Morrill, 167. 1826. Henry Hubbard, Mod.; William Gordon, T. C; Enos Steven. Committee. Jesse Healy, ) Dr. Joseph Koby, Benjamin Labaree and Roswell Hunt being appointed a committee to take into consideration the necessary alterations in these districts recommend that l)r. Oliver Hastings' and Capt. John Willard's farms, together with Sylvanus Hastings be taken from District No. one and put to No. two, (2 B. X. R. page 130.) Their report was made May 4th, 1809, From this time to 1819 the town raised annually and appropriated to schools eight hundred dollars. In 1819 the School Districts were revised according to the following report of a committee consisting of Frederic A. Sumner, Enos Stevens, John Metoalf, Benjamin Barton and Jesse Healy. REPORT To THE TOWN OP ChAELESTOWN : Your Committee appointed at the last annual meeting for the purpose of revising the boundaries of the several school districts in said town beg leave to report that District No. 1 remain as formerly; that District No. 2 take from District No. 3 the Gaol House and Isaac H. Ely; that District No. 3 remain as formerly, with this exception, provided nev- ertheless that the monies in said Districts No. 2 and 3 shall in fu- ture be equally divided between them according to the scholars; that Dis- ti'ict No. 4 remain as formerly; No. 6 shall be bounded as formerly, south cast and west and north by Little Sugar River, with the exception of Wm. Redfield, who shall belong to District No. 7; that District No. 6 shall be bounded south on Little Sugar River, west, north and east as formerly, pro- vided, nevertheless, that Districts No. 5 and 6 shall in one year after tlie ac - cepuance of this report move the school house on either road south of Capt. Metcalf s or Daniel Whipple's, and place the same in good repair for use, or build a suitable house on said ground and finish the same fit for use within said time without expense to the additional inhabitants ; that No. 7 remain as formerly with the addition of William Redfield; that from No. 8 Aaron Parks and Samuel Baker be taken and placed to No 12 knovm by 704 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. the name of the Borough District ; that Nos. 9, 10 and 1 1 remain as former- ly. All which is humbly submitted. By Committee. From 1820 to 1832 $ 800 was raised for schools with the exception of 1829 when the appropriation was $ 900. In 1836 a new district was added. The foUowin"; is the vote of the town creating it, " Voted to set off the Gilchrist farm and all south belonging to the inhabitants on the Connecticut River road from School District No. 1 and to constitute the same a new district to be called School District No. 13." It appears that No. 14 was added the same year, but at what meeting voted I have found no record. But space forbids that this particularity should be continued. Since 1856 printed reports of our schools have been made to the town by the superintendents, which practice it is believed has exerted a very good influence on the character of the schools. Of course the excellence of the schools has varied according to the quality of the teachers employed in them. It is thought that within a few years past there has been considerable im- provement in some districts, but it is a matter to be regretted that there has not been and is not now a more general interest taken in the subject of ed- ucation ; for doubtless the best inheritance we can give to our children is to send them out into the world with well stored minds. OTHER SCHOOLS. Rev. Samuel Crosby (see page 316) opened a school in Charlestown in 1780 in the month of May which he continued till July, when feeling as though he wished to engage permanently in the duties of the ministry, he gave it up to a firiend and kinsman of his, Mr. Abraham Holland who had graduated at Dartmouth College in 1779. Of the length of time that Mr. Holland remained we have no knowledge. Lemuel Hodge a graduate of Harvard College in 1784, was the next teacher. It was under him that Hon. Henry Hubbard received his earliest training. Abner Cheney was the next teacher of whom there has been found any account. In Dr. Samuel Cros- by's Journal he is spoken of as follows, " Monday, Nov. 13th, 1797. This afternoon I bave attended the funeral obsequies of Mr. Abner Cheney late preceptor of the Academy in this place. He died on the 11th instant after a very distressing illness of several weeks continuance. He was in the bloom of life and had just begun to be useful. He graduated in August, 1796, at Dartmouth College. Since that time he had resided in this town and was generally esteemed. Mr. Foster preached an excellent discourse from Job, 21st, 23d, " One dieth in his full strength." The children of the Academy wore badges of mourning and walked in procession to the grave." William Page (son of Dr. William Page) a graduate of Yale Col- lege taught the Academy also for a time. In addition to the above teach- ers. Rev. Dan Foster who was a graduate of Yale College and had also received the degree of A. M., at Dartmouth, had a select school in town from 1796 to nearly if not quite the time of his decease in 1810. From the above we may learn that the village of Charlestown for thirty years from 1780 enjoyed higher educational privileges than it has since that time, which certainly speaks well for the intelligence of the generation which was then on the stage. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 705 MRS. GILCHRIST'S SCHOOL. After Capt. James Gilchrist removed from Medford, Mass., to Charles- town in 1822, Mrs. Gilchrist opened a select school for young ladies which was continued for a considerable time. She was a highly educated lady and previous to her marriage to Captain Gilchrist had been a teacher in Medford, in the celebrated school of Mrs. Rowson. Her school soon ac- quired a wide reputation and pupils were attracted to it from a great dis- tance. It was commenced at South Charlestown but after the death of Captain Gilchrist in 1827 the family removed to the village and it was con- tinued there. The school was discontinued about 1833, in consequence of the marriage of her three eldest daughters from whom she had been accus- tomed to receive great assistance. MISS PRATT'S SCHOOL. In 1864 a school was established through the instrumentality of Henry Hubbard, jr., Esq., the primary object of which was to furnish instruction for his children. This resulted ultimately in the establishment of the board- ing school of Miss Mary C. Pratt, which after a good work done in the edu- cation of many of the young ladies of the village was removed at the end of its fifth year to the mansion of the late Nathaniel Hawthorne in Concord, Massachusetts. RIDE TO WENTWORTH'S FERRY. On the 20th of April, 1780, ten gentlemen in'Charlestown Street mounted their horses and rode up the Connecticut River two miles on the ice to Wentworth's Ferry and back again. This was done that the memory of their exploit might be perpetuated, and thus the lateness of the season in that memorable year be transmitted to following generations. . WOLF HUNT. Col. Samuel Hunt was a notorious wolf-hunter, and had the reputation of having killed more of that species of animal than any other man in the four townships, by which were meant Springfield,' Rockingham, Walpole and Charlestown. He frequently went out after them with his men and got up public demonstrations against them, so tliat this section of the coun- try, at a comparatively early date, became tolerably free from them. The last great public hunt of this kind, it is believed, took place in 1797 or about that year. A most sagacious wolf had made no inconsiderable destruction, not only in the sheepfolds of Charlestown, but also on those in all the towns in the region. She was too wily to be entrapped and no marksman was able to approach her near enough to shoot her. The people at length despairing of all other means determined on a general rally not only to put an end to her depredations but to her existence. In this the townsliips of Charles- town, Acworth, Alstead, Langdon, Walpole, Rockingham and Springfield were united. The day was appointed and Col. Hunt, who appears to liave been the leader in the aftair, prescribed the programme. A circle sufficient- ly wide to embrace her wolfship was to be formed at an appointed time when all were to approach toward the center. On the opening of the hunt 706 HISTOBIOAL MISCELLANY. the men of Springfield were the first to get a glimpse of the wily animal and to start her out. Finding that part of her territory too much molested she did not think it best to stop to defend it, but concluded to cross immedi- ately on the ice to New-Hampshire. But this State aflfording her no better or safer retreat the briefest time possible was sufficient to convince her that if there was any safety it must be in return. Again, therefore, she passed over the river, but it was only once more by the gathering crowd to be driv- en bacli to the meadows of Charlestown where she in a very slioit time be- came encircled on all sides. Here for a few minutes she ran back and forth like a^ad creature vainly attempting to break through the line, when Col. Hunt rode into the ring and at the first shot from his musket put a termi- nus both to the hunt and her life. They then were invited to Col. Hunt's for refreshment ; after which they retired to their homes happy as the re- fresliments of those times could make them. THE FIRST STOVE. The first stove brought into town was brought by David Holton from Tin- mouth, Vt. It was made at some casting works there on -what was called Furnace Brook or Little West River. He went to Tinm6uth after it. It excited great curiosity and many people came from neighboring towns to examine it. It proved a good stove and he used it many years. LIGHTS. The lights used for the first half century after the settlement of Charles- town were the tallow candle or tallow dip, as it was often called, from the mai;iner in which it was made ; or were manufactured from pieces of very resinous pitch pine which were dried and when lighted placed in the corner of the fire place where the smoke would be drawn up the spacious chimney. The wicks of the candles were not of cotton as they arc now but were of tow or linen and were home-spun. These were followed by the old oil lamp which preceded kerosene and gas, and which many still remember. FLAX. Flax in the early days was raised in large quantities. Instead of being mown or reapt it had to be pulled and the dirt shaken very carefully from the roots. This, by general consent, was the work of women or girls. It was not deemed degrading for the first young ladies of the time to engage in it. Oftentimes when young ladies were out engaged in this employment young gentlemen would go into the fields to help tliem, and the cases were not infrequent that intimacies were formed in this way that ulimately led to matrimony. The flax after it was pulled was laid out and rotted for sev- eral weeks to make the fibre suitable for breaking and for being prepared for spinning. The young ladies of neai-ly every family could spin and near- ly all of them could weave. The seed of the flax was manufactured into oil. The foundations of an old oil mill are to be seen now on tlie north bank of Mill Brook, a short distance below the dam, at Mr. Bemis' Machine Sliop. There used to be a road that led down to it wliich fi-om the length of time since it has been used is now scarcely discernible. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 707 POTATOES. Very few potatoes, comparatively, were raised in town for thirty or forty years after its settlement. The turnip was the vegetable before in most frequent use, of which large quantities were raised and eaten. CEMETERIES. The proprietors of No. 4, at a meeting legally held May 1st, 1751, '■ Voted, that Capt. Stevens, Capt. Spafford and John Hastings be a Com- mittee to purchase of the owners of some lands or House Lotts where they shall think best for a burying place ; or if they cannot purchase said lands then to pitch upon and buy out a burying place otherwhere where they shall think most convenient." Previous to this time the dead had been principally interred on " Burying Hill," as it was called, which was the ground lying between the present South Parish Meeting House Lot and the opposite side of the street. On this little rise, formerly much higher than now, those who had fallen in defence of the place, or had died of sickness, had found burial. It had been voted by the proprietors to build their Church there, and near the Church, in accoi'dance with the old New England custom, was the ap- propriate place for the dead to rest. Many were buried there, among whom we may number nearly all the defenders of No. 4 who fell in the first Indian War. It was the design of the inhabitants to purchase of the owners the front part of some house-lots lying contiguous to that spot, but probably their committee failed in their endeavor, and therefore located their bury- ing-ground where the old portion of the Cemetery is now. It appears that the Committee did little more than to select the grounds and purchase them, for we hear nothing more of the Burying Ground before 1763, in which year the town voted that it should be fenced. After securing their new grounds, Burying Hill ceased to be used for pur- poses of interment, and the remains of those who had been buried there were ultimately removed to the new spot. Their number must have been considerable, but I find no stone erected to the memory of a single one of those first victims of war and sacrifice. The living had too much to do to defend themselves to have time to devote to the preparation of monuments for the perpetuation of the memory of those who had fallen— so they rest with graves unmarked. There are a number of stones in the old portion of the Cemetery without any inscriptions. It is probable that some of these mark the resting-places of persons who were slain or died of disease in the first decade of the set- tlement ; and there can be little doubt that the spaces in the '* Old Grounds" that are without stones are yet thickly strown with the remains of the early inhabitants of the place. The writer of this, while superintending the lay- ing of the foundation of the " Johnson Monument,'' as it is called, found a rough, flatish stone, about two feet below the surface, inscribed " Ambros Tuttel 1757." The inscription was a mere scratch, and might have been made with any sharp piece of iron, and yet it remained as plain to be read as when first put into the ground. As our excavation was only about three feet it was not deep enough to disturb any remains ; but we paused as the 708 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. thought came to ws that all those apparently unoccupied grounds were full of secret graves. On none of the oldest stones does the date extend back beyond 1756 — six- teen years after the first settlement of the place. There are several that bear date 1757, and from that time the number yearly, especially subsequent to 1760, had a. rapid increase till considerable numbers were erected with eacla succeeding year. To the old Cemetery there have, within a very recent period, been two additions : the one, on the west, extending it to East Street, the other, on the north embracing all the grounds to their present limits. The earliest burials in the first portion were in 1836, and there were none in the last till quite a number of years later. The improvements in the Cemetery wliich now render it so pleasant, are of comparatively recent date, having been made witliin the last quarter of a century; and owe their inception to Henry Hubbard, jr., Esq., who, many will regret to learn, died at his home in Bedford, Va., June 11th, 1876. A call for a public meeting at the hotel was made, Feb. 7th, 1853, signed by Mrs. J. De Forest Richards, Mrs. Emily A. Olcott and Mrs. J. J. Gil- christ, in which an invitation was extended to all the citizens and ladies of the place to assemble at a public tea party, and tsike into consideration the subject of improving the grounds of the Cemetery, and to devise means and talse measures therefor. This resulted in a very lai'ge attendance, who were fully united in the object in view ; and a Committee was appointed to get up a festival for the whole town on the following fourth of July, for the purpose of obtaining means for their intended improvements. At this festival four hundred dollars was the sum obtained, and the following persons were ap- pointed a committee to expend it. Dea. Moses Putnam, Henry Hubbard, jr., Silas P. Mack, Samuel L. Fletch- er, Abram D. Hull, Mrs. J. De Forest Richards, Mrs. Emily A. Olcott, Mrs. Laura Gushing, Mrs. Helen J. Tidd, Mrs. Theodosia Evans. The walks were laid out under the general direction of the committee, and the evergreens that now so pleasantly shade them were set out by their mutual agreement. Abram D. Hull Esq., was employed to set out the pines, but the balsams that are seen in the yard were set out by Dea. Moses Put- nam, and were brought by him from Unity. I will merely say further that the town now yearly appropriates one hun- dred dollars for keeping the Cemetery in order. Money was appropriated in 1870 for bringing a fountain into the enclosure, and the selectmen were appointed a committee with others to do it, but for some reason not known to the writer it has never been done. Cemeteries at the North part op the Town. The village cemetery was the only burying place in town till 1792, at which time the town purchased and set apart for a burial place the old ground at North Charlestown. At this time members of families belonging to the north part of the town who .had been buried in this cemetery, were disin- terred and buried there. This continued to be the only cemetery at the north till 1852, when the present one was purchased by the town. This is HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 709 a very pleasant spot of elevated ground lying about forty or fifty rods beyond the junction of tlie River road witli the main road leading to Claremont. It is pleasantly laid out and contains a fountstin for which money was appro- priated at the same time that the appropriation was made for the village Cemetery. The Cemetery also contains a number of quite tasteful monu- ments, among wliicli we may instance those erected to Mr. Jesse and George Farwell, Eliphalet Bailey, Artimesia Westcott and John Metcalf. The Wal- ker monument of Brown-stone, is also a very handsome structure. The name of the Cemetery is Hope Hill, and one hundred dollars is yearly ap- propriated for its care, by the town. Much credit is due to Horace Metcalf, Esq., for many of the improvements connected with this pleasant cemetery. PUBLIC BEQUESTS. The following from the stone erected to the memory of Thomas Swan, speaks for itself. " Thomas Swan d. Nov. 23d, 1772 in his 28th year. Children yet unborn will reverence his name when they find by his last will he gave the town of Charlestown one hundred pounds, tlie interest of wliich to be appropriated to the sole purpose of keeping a school in that part of said town known by the name of the town plot." In connection with this gift came the Park now generally called from the donor Swan Park. Little is known of Mr. Swan save that he was a very intelligent young merchant in Charlestown who died early. He was prob- ably one of the younger children of Rev. Josiah Swan the second minister of old Dunstable but who after leaving Dunstable became a celebrated teacher in Lancaster, Mass., and in Walpole, N. II. John Church, Esq., left a fund to the town to aid in supporting die town's poor. How mucli it was or how it was invested or what ever became of it the writer has failed to ascertain. It was doubtless of considerable amount, as the town of Langdon, when it was set off from Charlestown and Walpole, was specially required by an article of agreement to resign her interest both in the fund given by Mr. Swan for the support of a school and that given by Mr. Church for the support of the poor. Col. Ithiel Homer Silsby, who died at Newton, Mass., in the summer of 1874, left a will which contains several provisions of such interest to the town of Charlestown as to require notice in this work. Col. Silsby, as many who read this will already know, was a, native of Acwortli, and that Mrs. Silsby was also of that substantial town. Both taught school in Charlestown, and both succeeded not only in gaining the strong attachment of their scholars, but of the people ; and that the attach- ment of our citizens to Mr. Silsby Was most warmly and heartily returned, we have most incontrovertible evidence afforded us in his generous and noble-bequest. He in Charlestown also became initiated into the business of keeping a hotel, which he afterwards so honorably followed, and which was one means of opening his way to the large possessions which, as he contemplated life as about closing, he so bountifully and appropriately dis- tributed. From Charlestown he went to Saratoga, where he became con- nected with the United States Hotel, and from Saratoga he removed to 710 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. Boston, and kept, with great acceptance to all who visited it for many years, the United States Hotel there. He afterwards kept the Winthrop House, his interest in which he sold oat a little while before the great fire. Newton had for some time previous to his death ,been his home. The following which is the eighth clause of his will contains the provision to which reference above has been made. 8. I give ten thousand dollars to the town of Charlestown, N. H., in trust, upon the conditions and for the purposes as follows, viz : That said town shall accept the trust, and that said town will expend eight of said ten thousand dollars in the erection of a building of face brick with stone trim- mings, one and one half stories high, the entrance to said building to be in the center on the front thereof, with a room on each side for books, and a reading-room, and over all a large room or hall. That said building shall be called the Silsby Free Public Library, which name in raised letters shall be cut in granite on the front of said building. And that said town shall expend the remainder of said ten thousand dol- lars in the purchase of suitable books for a Free Public Library ; and that said town shall keep said librai-y for the full use of all the inhabitants of said town of Charlestown, under reasonable rules and regulations, and shall also permit said hall to be used for lectures, lyceums and similar pur- poses under like rules and I'egulations. And that said town shall agree at its own expense, to take good care of said building and library, and add new books thereto yearly, for the use of the inhabitants of said town. It is my wish that said building shall be placed on the Briggs lot, once so called, on the corner of Main Street, and the street that runs back to the old common, the front of said building to be on Main Street, where Mr. Briggs and Mr. Gorden once had their law office. This, my gift to the town of Charlestown, is in gratitude to its inhabitants who received me, a poor boy, in kindness, and ever treated me witli con- sideration and hospitality, and for whom, and for the beautiful old town ■wherein they live, I have many pleasant attachments ; and I trust and hope this library will be of service to many of my old pupils and their de- scendants. TAX PAYERS IN CHARLESTOWN IN 1792. February 8th 1791 the legislature passed an act requiring the selectmen " to cause a fair entry and record to be made of all invoices by them taken and assessments by them made, in a book of i-ecords, &c." ; which law first went into operation in 1792; before which time if there were any records of the kind kept in the town they are not now to be found. I give this list and others which follow as showing the citizens of the town in the years desig- nated, thinking that it may be of interest to the present and future inhabitants to know who have had their homes here at different periods. Jonathan Arms, Daniel Adams, Joseph Adams, Nathan Allen, Galon Al- len, Jacob .4nnis, Joseph Ai-bu,ckle. Osmon Baker, Joseph Baldwin, Peter Bellows, Peter Bellovvs, jr., Samu- el Bellows, John Billings, Benjamin Billings, Walter Bingham, Horatio N. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 711 Bingham, Beiyamin Blood, William Bond, Joseph Booty, Charles Bowen, James Bowtell, Josiah Bowtell, I^evi Brown, Benjamin Brown, Daniel Brown, Joseph Brown, jr., Joshua Buckman, Amos Burnham. Timothy Carleton, Samuel Carlisle, Ephraim Carpenter, Simeon Church, James Clandanel, Benjamin Clarii, John Clay, John Converse, Joel Cooley, Oliver Coomes, Ebenezer Corbin, Parley Coi'bin, Christoplier Crofts, Sam- uel Crosby, David Cross, Joshua Cashman, Paul Cushman. William Darling, Aaron Dean, David Decamp, Joseph Dennie, Elihu Dickinson, Caleb Dresser, John Dunsmoor. Elijah Ellsworth, Isaac H. Ely, David Enos, Daniel Esterbrook, Andrew Evans, John Evans. Ebenezer Farnsworth, Ebenezer Farnsworth, jr., Thomas Farnsworth, William Farnsworth, Jesse Farwell, Joseph Farwell, Josiah Farwell, Thomas Frendft Benjamin Fuller. Elisha Garfield, Josiah Garfield, Samuel Garfield, Thomas Geer, Richard Glidden, Elijah Grout, Jonathan Grout, Theophilus Grout, Jolm Grow, Jesse Guild, Rufus Guild, Samuel Guild. Jonas Hager, Oliver Hall, John Harper, Samuel Harper, Josiah Hart, May- hew Hasham, Stephen Hasham, John Hastings, John Hastings, jr., Lemuel Hastings, Moses Willard Hastings, Oliver Hastings, Sylvanus Hastings, Syl- vanus Hastings, jr., Jesse Healy, Lemuel Hedge, Hugh Henry, Robert Henry, William Henry, William Henry, jr., John Hewitt, Levi Heywood, William Heywood, Isaac Hill, Tower Hill, Winthrop Hill, David Hillyard, John Hodgkins, Edmund Holden, Timothy Holden, William Holden, David Hubbard, Jonathan Hubbard, John Hubbard, J. Hatch Hubbard, Asahel Hunt, John Hunt, Samuel Hunt, Luman Huntley. Silas Jewell, Benjamin Jones, Nathaniel Jones, Job Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Calvin Judevine, William Judevine, William Judevine, jr. George Kimball, Levi Kimball. , Benjamin Labaree, Rufus Labareo, Joshua Lawrence, Jonas Lyndes. Aaron Matson, William McClintock, William McClintock, jr., John Mc Murphy, Asa Meacham, James Meacham, jr. Asa NicJiols, Ebenezer Nichols, Knight Nichols, Philip Nichols, Thaddeus Nott, Theodore Nott. Simeon Olcott, Manassah Osgood, William Osgood. Peter Page, Peter Page, jr., Phineas Page, William Page, Elijah Parker, Isaac Parker, Alexander Parker, Aaron Parks, Jonas Parks, Joseph Per- kins, Nathaniel Perley, Josiah Perry, Samuel Perrs', Asahel Porter, Noali Porter, Caleb Prouty, Abel Putnam, Abijah Putnam, Elisha Putnam, Thom- as Putnam, Timothy Putnam, Timothy Putnam, jr. Howard Reed, Sampson Reed, Samuel Remington. Julius Silsby, Hazael Simonds, John Simonds, Obadiah Shumway, Sam- uel Shepherd, Alden Sprague, Samuel Stevens, Amos Sylvester. David Taylor, Eliphalet Taylor, Isaac Tucker, Isaac Tucker, jr. Ebenezer Varney. Abel Walker, Abiah Walker, Jabez Walker, Matthew Walker, Walter Walter, Daniel W. Warner, Samuel Weed, Obadiah Wells, Benjamin West, John West, Timothy West, Jason Wetherbe. Samuel Wetherbe 712 HISTOEICAL MISCELLANY. Amos Wheeler, John Wheeler, Moses Wheeler, jr., Josiah White, Francis W. Willard, Jere Willard, John Willard, Marcian Willard, Moses Willard, Phineas Willard, Samuel Willard. Citizens of the Nokth Pakish op Charlkstown in 1810. Nathan Allen, Asa Allen, Ryla Adams. Francis Barker, Loammi Barker, William Ballon. John Converse, Simeon Church, Timotliy Carlton. Elijah Darby, Elisha Delano, Phineas Dunsmoor. Stephen Edmimds. Lester Fling, Ebenezer Farnsworth, Jesse Farwell, Joseph Farwell. Jonathan Grout, Wise Grinnel, John Grow, John Grow, jr., Hubbard Glidden, Jeremiah Glidden, Joel Goss, Shubael Griswold, David Gay, Salmon Grout. ^ Josiah Hart, William Hamlin, Luman Huntley, Timoth^Holden,, Benja- min Harper, Henry Hinds, Parley Holmes. Josiah Hubbard, Elisha Huntley, Israel Hull. Calvin Judevine, Amos Johnson, Luther Judevine, Moses Judevine. Levi Kimball, Richard Kimball. Jonas Lynds, Huse Lull, Frederick Ix)cke. James Meacham, William Mc Clintock, William Miller, John Metcalf, Simeon Mclntire. Alpheus Nichols, Abijah Nichols, Knight Nichols, jr. John Ober. Timothy Putnam, jr., Aaron Parks, Thomas Putnam, jr., David Parker, Samuel Perry, Elisha Perkins, Nathaniel Pierce, Edmund Pelouze, Danforth Parmele, Benjamin Pierce. Robert Rand, Daniel Rodgers, John Radford. Slialor Townei-, Stephen Tucker, Isaac Tucker, Reuben Towner. Matthews Walker, Charles Westcott, Joseph Wilson, Diah Walker, Abel White, Jotham White. Citizens op Charlestown in 1812. Israel Abbott, Daniel Adams, Ryla Adams, Asa S. Allen, Nathan Allen, Jonathan Arms. Elias Bacon, John Baker, Samuel Baker, Stephen Baker, Nathaniel Baker, Jonathan Baker, Joshua Baldwin, Joseph Baldwin, Francis Barker, Loami Barker, William Ballou, J. P. Batchelder, George Bellows, Theodore Bel- lows, Theodore Bellows, jr., Samuel Bellows, Abner Bennet, Walter Bixby, Benjamin Blood, William Boardman, Charles Bowen, Samuel Bowman, Jo- siah Bowtell, Abram Boynton, William Briggs, Augustus Brown, Aaron Brown, Charles Brown, David Brown, William Bond, Joshua Buckminster. Ephraim Carpenter, Aaron Carriel, Dean Cai-lton, Dean Carlton, jr., John C. Chamberlain, John Church, Simeon Church, Walter Converse, Benja- min Cloyes, Walter Cooley, Clement Corbin, AVilliam Crosby. Joseph Darrah, Aaron Dean, John Decamp, Jesse Davis, Reuben Davis, Elijah Derby, Abisha Delano, A. W. Dunsmoor, John Dunsmoor, Phineas Dunsmoor, William Dunsmoor," Isaac Duncan, John Duncan, Isaiah Durant, Jonas Dutton, William Dutton, jr. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 713 Caleb Ellison, ^Calvin Ely, Calvin Ely 2nd, Gabriel Ely, Isaac H. Ely, Simeon Ely. Edward Fairbanks, Moses Fairbanks, Ebenezer Farnsworth, Waterous Fairchild, Samuel Farrin^ton, Jesse Farwell, Joseph Favwell, Beriah Fitch, Nathan Fitch, Lester Fling. Joseph Gage, John Garfield, Josiah Garfield, David Gay, William Geer, David Glidden, Hubbard Glidden, Willard Glidden, Jeremy Glidden, Joel Goss, Thomas Geer, Sliubael Griswould, John Grow, Jonathan Grout, Salmon Grout. Horace Hall, Oliver Hall, Seth Hall, Stephen Hasham, William Hamlin, Moses W. Hastings, Oliver Hastings, John Hastings, Louis Hastings, Josiah Hart, Josiah Hart, jr , Ichabod Hart, B. W. Harvey, Jesse Healy, Samuel Henry, Robei't Henry, Joseph Heaton, Ephraim Heywood, Jonas Hinds, Calvin Heywood, John Hodgkins, Timothy Holden, Asa Helton, Jonathan Holton, David Holton, Elias Howard, Samuel Howard, David Henry, Jesse Hill, Oliver Hill, Henry Hubbard, Jolm Hubbard, Jonnthan Hubbard, Sam- uel Hubbard, Josiah Hubbard, Israel Hull, Elias Hull, Horace Hull, Asahel Hunt, Roswell Hunt, Louis Hunt, Heuiy Hunt, Elisha Huntley, Peter Huntoon, Luman Huntley. Amos Johnson, Ephraim Johnson, Luther Judevine, Moses Judevine. Edward Kempton, Richard Kimball. Benjamin Labaree, Nathan Larapson, Job Lane, Samuel Lane, Zachariah Lawrence, Fred Locke, Timothy Lovell, Vryling Lovell, Huse Lull, Porter Lummus. John Mark, William McClintock, jr., Simeon Mclntire, Asa Meacham, James Meacham, John Metcalf, Abel Miles, William Miller, James Miliken, Jonathan Morgan. Alpheus Nichols, Abijah Nichols, Knight Nichols, William Noyse, Peter Nurse. John Ober, Israel Ober, Simeon Olcott, George Oleott, William Osgood, Mannassah Osgood. Aaron Parks, David Parker, Stephen Parker, Phineas Parker, Edward Pelouze, Samuel Perry, Alpheus Perry, Elisha Perkins, Benjamin Pierce, James Plumb, Samuel Pollard, Asahel C. Porter, Sylvester Powers, Walter Powers, David Putnam, William Prentiss, Thomas Putnam, jr., Abijah Putnam, Timothy Putnam, jr., Samuel Putnam, Samuel Putnam, 2nd, Elisha Putnam. Robert Rand, Hamlin Rand, John Radford, Thomas Reddington, John Record, William Redfield, Daniel Rogers, Joseph Roby, Phineas Richard- son, Lemuel Royse, jr, Asa Sartwell, Samuel Sever, Eben Saunders, Uriah Searl, Hazael Simonds, Elijah Simonds, Josiah Shipley, Charles Smith, Joel Smith, Jacob Smith, Obadiah SBumway, James Southard, Frederic A. Sumner, Levi Spencer, Lazarus Shurtlief, Silas Stafibrd. , David Taylor, Eben Tidd, Shalor Townor, Stephen Tucker. Benjamin West, Benjamin West, 2nd, Timothy West, Samuel S. West, Abel Walker, Abel Walker, jr., Jabez Walker, Abijah Walker, Matthew Walker, Justus Waldo, Josiah Wliite, Samuel White, Abel White, John 714 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. White, Ira White, Jason Wetherbe, Obadiah Wells, Moses Wheeler, Ira Wheeler, Amos Wheeler, Thomas Whipple, Daniel Whipple, Charles West- cott, Moses Willard, John Willard, John Willard, jr., Marcian Willard, James Willard, Roswell Willard, Antonio Willard, Abel Willard, Levi Willard, Phineas Willard, Isaiah Williams, Asa Wilson, Jesse Wise. Table of the number or value op Horses, Neat Stock &c., for the YEARS specified. 1792. Horses, 110; Oxen, 109; Cows, 263; 3 year olds, 31; 2 year olds, 188; yearlings, 86. 1803. Stallions, 2; Horses, 157; 3 year olds, 46 ; 2 year olds, 34 ; 1 year old 44; Oxen, 163; Cows, 373; 3 year olds, 93; 2 year olds, 171; yearlings, 214. 1812 Stallions, 1; Horses, 241; 4 year olds, 12; 3 year olds, 30; 2 year olds, 36; Oxen 180; 4 year olds, 64; Cows, 486; 3 year olds, 322; 2 year olds, 370. 1822. Stallions, 1; Horses, 230; 4 year olds, 22; 3 year olds, 28; 2 year olds, 19; Oxen 166; 4 year olds 65; Cows, 491; 3 year olds, 298; 2 year olds, 363. 1832. Stallions, 3; Horses, 248; 4 year olds, 36; 3 year olds, 42; 3 year olds, 57; Oxen, 307; 4 year olds, 114; Cows, 574; 3 year olds, 379; 2 year olds, 295; Sheep, 5610. 1842. Value. Horses, $1,1425; Colts, §1,313.00; Oxen, $5,096; Neat. Stock, $ 6,279; Cows, $8,880 Sheep, $ 11,284. 1852. Horses and Colts, 295, value $13,572; Cows and Oxen, 1364, $26,872; Sheep, 5828, value, $10,702. 1862. Horses, asses and mules over 18 months old, 398, value $2 1,298 ; Cows, Oxen and other neat stock over 18 months old, 1097, value $ 28,508 ; Sheep over 6 months old, 6,759, value $ 17,166. Census op Charlestovvn, as returned to G-ov. Wentworth, bt the Selectmen, December, 14th, 1773. Unmarried men from 16 to 60, 69 ; married men from 16 to 60, 83 ; boys 16 years and under, 151; men 60 years and upwards, 3; females unmarried, 191; females married, 85; widows, 8; male slaves, 0; female slaves, 0; Total, 590. Census taken by order of the Provincial Congress, and returned to the Committee of safety, by the Selectmen, Dec. 18th, 1775. Males under 16 years of age, 158 ; males under 16 years of age to 50, not in the army, 93 ; males above 50, 17 ; persons gone in the army, 22 ; females, 303 ; negroes and Slaves for life. The populationjof the following towns at the time was : Claremont, 623; Cornish, 309; Hanover, 434; Alstead, 317 f Lempster, 128; Newport, 157 ; Walpole, 658; Westmoreland, 758. Census under the United States in 1790, the population of Charlestown was 1,098. In 1800, the population of Charlestown, 1364; 1810, 1501; 1830, 177f; 1850, 1644; 1860, 1758; 1870, 1742. HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. 715 STREET LIGHTS. In 1875, the village precinct raised one thousand dollars for lighting its streets. Fifty two Kerosene Lamps were purchased and set up for that purpose, The arrangement was so acceptable to the citizens that at the annual meeting, April 1st, 1876, four hundred dollars was voted for con- tinuing it. LIBRARIES. Charlestown Social Library contains 1500 volumes. The Library of George Olcott, Esq., (private) 1200, and is in many respects a very valuable collection to which the author of this work has been much indebted for facts which he would have fpand it difficult t o obtain elsewhere. BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURE. The Boot and Shoe business was established in Charlestown by H.anson and West in 1854, at which time they employed about 50 hands and since ■which time the business has been conducted under the following firms. Hanson, West & Co., 1868. Briggs & Co., 1869. Hanson & Co., 1870. In the summer of 1870, J. G. Briggs, jr. , buiit a shop and organized a part- nership with Charles K. Labaree, Hoi-ace Thompson and Samuel Walker imder the style; of Briggs & Co. Jan. 1871, they bought the shop and goods of Hanson & Co. During the years 1871, '72, '73 the business pros- pered. The sales for 1872 the most prosperous year, amounted to $ 281,000. CHARLESTOWN BOOT AND SHOE CO. Established Oct. 13th, 1871, commenced business March, 1872. It has' had the following directors. Charles AVillard, J. T. Dunsmoor, Orin Bradford, Solomon P. Osgood, Justin E. Tenney, Franklin W. Putnam, Clerk and Treasurer. The shop is four stories high, sixty feet long, thirty eight feet wide and is very convenient for the business. Namks applied to different localities. Great Meadow, Colman's Meadow, Lower Meadow, Bogg Meadow, Beaver Meadow, Rock Meadow, Pond Meadow and Jabe Meadow were names very early given to localities which they still continue to designate. Colman's Meadow derived its name from Captain Nathaniel Colman of Hatfield, Mass.. who was one of the most prominent of the original propri- etors. North Hemlock, South Hemlock and East Hemlock have worn their names for over a century and may now be considered well entitled to them. The name of the Borough is said to have originated as follows. Jonas Lynds who was the first settler in the locality used for purposes of trade to make occasional tours to the village where he would appear in a style of dress little known at present. On one of these occasions one of the citizens not knowing, bvit desiring to know where he resided put to him the ques- tion. "Mr. Lynds where do you live now ? "To which he much to their amusement replied " O Lburrow up out here in the woods at the north end of the town." After this Mr. Lynd's abode was called "The Burrow" but which is now and has for many years past been known as The Borough. For the origin of name of Trapshire see page 692. Snumshire had its name from the frequent use of words " I snum" employed by a blacksmith and 716 HISTORICAL MISCELLANY. other persons residing there. Spaflford's gulley derived its name from Cap- tain John Spafford the first miller in the town. It is now frequently called " Devil's gulley," on account of the wildness of its scenery but it appears to the writer that the respect due to Captain Spaflford as a once lionered cit- izen should lead us to retain the original name. Prospect Hill de-ives its name from the fine view to be obtained from its summit; Sam's Hill either from Col. Samuel Hunt or his son Samuel Hunt, jr. On the name Break- neck, as applied to the wild and picturesque hill east of the village, there is no need to remark. Mount Calavant is the name of a hill in the northern portion of the town, near which stood the residence of " Tory Harper," but why so named has not been ascertained, but there is a very dim tradition that it was from a person of that name who died and was buried there at a very early day. "WHAT DID OCR GRANDFATHERS AND GRANDMOTHERS EAT? In all the New England settlements one common article of food was bean porridge. This was eaten for breakfast, and, before there was plenty of milk, also for supper. After milk became plenty, that, with brown bread, was eaten, usually, by families, for their evening meal. Another common article of food was baked pumpkin. A pumpkin was taken, which, having become thoroughly ripe, had a very hard shell. Into the stem end of this a hole was cut, some five or six inches in diameter, keeping whole the piece of shell which was taken out. Then the seeds of the pumpkin were taken out and the inside thoroughly srcaped of all its stringy substance, so that there should be nothing left but the solid meat. Thus prepared, it was filled partly with new milk, when it was covered by the piece which had been cut out, and put into a well heated oven, where it was permitted to remain six or eight hours, and was usually allowed to cool in tlie oven. It was then fit for use, and was eaten with milk. Some scraped out the pumpkin and ate it in bowls — others turned the milk into the pumpkins and ate from them. In this way Hon. John Langdon and Governor Chittenden iroheir youth made many a hearty meal. This style of living is referred to in the celebrated poem of Mother Goose, with which of course all are familiar : Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater Had a wife, but couldn't keep her Till he put her in a pumpkin shell. And there he kept her very well. This was the shell of the baked pumpkin after the meat had been taken out. Pumpkins in the early settlements were very much preferred to squashes, and few of the latter were raised. Turnips and parsnips were the most common vegetables, of which considerable quantities were raised and eaten. Our fathers had no sweet corn, but when they wanted corn to boil or roast in the green state, used the old yellow corn. Of the edible grains, wheat was not much used, but, in families that ■wei-e well off, company was usually entertained on wheaten bread; but more wheat was raised and used in the region of the Connecticut river, tlian far- I — I < DC O HISTORICAL MISCELLAKY. 717 ther down in the State. Buckwheat was thought little or nothing of— but barley cakes were frequently made and eaten with relish. The bread every- where used, was the rye and Indian. This was eaten morning, noon and night. Many families also used bread made from rye flour, in the manner which wheat bread is made now. The yeast by which it was raised was called "Emptyings," because it was made from the settlings of their beer barrels. Indian puddings were also in great vogue, both boiled and baked. Judd says, in his history of Old Hadley, that some families had 365 of these hard boiled Indian puddings a year. It was thought that it added greatly to their quality by putting into them a quantity of beef suet, and by giving them, also, a small admixture of sweet apple. Of meats great quantities were eaten. These consisted of beef and pork, salted and fresh, and the wild meats generally, which the forest yielded, such as deer, bear, moose, wild turkeys, pigeons, partridges, &c. Large quantities of fish, which were abundant in the river and all the streams, were also eaten by many families. WHAT DID OUIl GKANDFATHEKS DKINK? By referring to the daybooks of Col. Abel Walker, Innkeeper, we find that liquors were drank very plentifully. Punch constituted one of the most common drinks, which was made and drank in bowls, being passed round to the company. Flip was another liquor ma