CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Margaret C. Hall 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 Dr. Edward F. Hall 
 
 Class of 1924 
 
Cornell University Library 
 RG 121.K29 1897 
 
 Ladies' guide in health and disease :gir 
 
 3 1924 011 045 527 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://archive.org/details/cu31 92401 1 045527 
 
Ladies' Guide 
 
 IN 
 
 HEALTH and DISEASE 
 
 (HMhffffri, 
 
 mrfJTerhnawl. 
 
 By J. H. KELLOGG, M. D., 
 
 Member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, The Socifite 
 d' Hygiene of France, The American Public Health Association, Editor 
 of "Good Health," Author of "The Home Hand-book of 
 Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine," 
 "Man, the Masterpiece," and Va- 
 rious Other Works. -V', 
 
 .... -^mmm 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 
 U> 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE ,.'i 
 
 MODERN MEDICINE PUBLISHING CO., 
 Battle Creek, Mich.; Chicago, III.; 
 
 New York City. K' >'. u 
 
 1897. 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by 
 
 ai. i. 1**11000, p. p., 
 
 [n the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 0} 
 
 ,? 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 
/tJ^nASl4. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 fHE very remarkable increase in the number and fre- 
 quency of that very large class of maladies familiarly 
 known as "diseases of women" observable in modern 
 times, especially among the women of the more civilized na- 
 tions, and those of this country in particular, has attracted the 
 attention of many intelligent physicians. The ailments from 
 which woman suffer constitute a large part of the practice of 
 the majority of physicians, and probably contribute more to 
 the support of the medical profession than any other class of 
 maladies. So numerous and complicated has this class of dis- 
 eases become in recent times, that a new race of specialists has 
 sprung up, who confine themselves exclusively to this branch 
 of practice. 
 
 The evidences of a marked deterioration in the physique 
 of American as well as other civilized nations within the last 
 century are too patent and too numerous to be ignored. Civil- 
 ized women are constantly regarded as "the weaker vessel" 
 as compared with their husbands and brothers. 
 
 The fact to which we have above referred has received many 
 different interpretations. One author attributes the increasing 
 physical infirmity of woman to her increasing intellectuality; 
 another, to faulty methods of education, particularly the co- 
 education of the sexes. Still another, and an eminent 
 authority, attributes the failure in health from special ailments 
 of so large a proportion of the female part of the population 
 
 [i] 
 
ii PREiAGE. 
 
 to the malign influence of some subtle agency native to the 
 country and wholly beyond the reach of human control. One 
 of the prime objects of this work is to show that the suffer- 
 ing of civilized women from special diseases above those of 
 other races, is not due to injurious climatic influences, nor to 
 excessive mental culture and development; but to a lack of 
 physical culture, defective home training, improper dress, 
 sedentary habits of life, errors in diet, too much excitement, 
 especially during the developing period, and numerous other 
 causes which may be removed by proper attention on -the part 
 of parents, if the effort is begun at a sufficiently early age. 
 
 Believing that the growing delicacy and increasing suscep- 
 tibility to disease and lack of endurance so manifest, espe- 
 cially among English and American women, is chiefly due to 
 neglects of various kinds arising from ignorance of the laws 
 which relate to the proper development and maintenance in 
 health of the special set of organs characteristic of the sex, 
 we have deemed it best to present as an introduction to the 
 more practical portion of the work a concise description of 
 these organs and their functions. "We are well aware that in 
 the minds of a few the anatomical portion of the work will be 
 considered objectionable; but this has not deterred us from 
 presenting this part of the subject in such a manner as we 
 hope will accomplish the desired end ; viz. , the education of 
 those into whose hands the work may fall respecting the im- 
 portant functions considered, to such a degree as to enable 
 them to avoid, if they desire to do so, the pitfalls into which 
 so large a share of their sisters fall, thereby preserving and 
 increasing their store of that choicest of all possessions, 
 good health, and fitting themselves to transmit the same as 
 a priceless legacy to their children. 
 
PREFACE. iii 
 
 The old adage, " A little knowledge is a dangerous thing," 
 has done a vast deal of mischief both in deterring those fitted 
 to impart useful information on these topics from giving it, 
 and discouraging those who needed such instruction from 
 seeking it. We have never yet known a case in which a 
 woman was injured by scientific information respecting her 
 own body and its functions. We believe that enlightenment 
 on this and kindred topics, and on all that relates to the phys- 
 ical, mental, and moral well-being of woman, is the surest 
 means of correcting some of the greatest evils which curse the 
 race at the present time, and which are sapping the very foun- 
 dations of society. 
 
 In order to point out in the clearest manner possible the 
 way of escape for women from the thralldom of aches and 
 pains and "weaknesses" in which the sex is as a class en- 
 slaved, we have endeavored to trace the outlines of what we 
 conceive to be the method of training by which a higher type 
 of womanhood may be developed, beginning with ' ' The Little 
 Girl," and considering in succeeding sections under the respect- 
 ive headings, "The Young Lady," "The Wife," and "The 
 Mother," the several phases of woman's life. 
 
 The remainder of the work is devoted to the practical con- 
 sideration of the various maladies to which women are subject. 
 In this section it has not been the attempt of the author to 
 furnish a substitute for the physician. We have, however, 
 endeavored to make the instruction given so simple and un- 
 technical, and so practical in character, as to enable any woman 
 of ordinary intelligence to discover the beginnings of special 
 ailments, and to manage successfully many of the diseases 
 peculiar to the sex, when the services of a competent phy- 
 sician are not available. 
 
iv PBBFAGE. 
 
 There is probably no class of ailments which afford a more 
 fertile field for the charlatan and the nostrum vendor, and it 
 has been made one of the special aims of this work to render 
 women sufficiently intelligent respecting the character of their 
 ailments and the causes thereof to enable them to recognize 
 promptly the true character of the medical pretender, and to 
 escape the specious wiles of the nostrum vendor. 
 
 The reader's indulgence is craved for what he may discover 
 as lacking in literary form or embellishment in the work. It 
 has been written amid the distractions and anxieties incident 
 to the care of a large hospital for chronic invalids and surgical 
 cases, and almost every line is the product of midnight toil. 
 
 J. H. K. 
 
\ 
 
 DISSECTED PLATE OF THE HUMAN BODY 
 
INDEX TO DISSECTED PLATE. 
 
 A. 
 
 Cerebrum, or Large Brain. 
 
 B. 
 
 Cerebellum, or Little Bratn. 
 
 C. 
 
 Nasal Fossa. 
 
 D. 
 
 Anterior Wares. 
 
 E. 
 
 Posterior Nares. 
 
 F. 
 
 Pharynx. 
 
 0. 
 
 Tongue. 
 
 B. 
 
 Frontal Sinus. 
 
 I. 
 
 Epiglottis. 
 
 J. 
 
 (Esophagus, or Meat Pipe. 
 
 K. 
 
 Bibs Forming the Thorax. 
 
 L. 
 
 Sternum. 
 
 M. 
 
 Cartilages. 
 
 NN. Lungs. 
 
 0. 
 
 Trachea and Bronchial Tubes, 
 
 P. 
 
 Liver. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Gall Duct. 
 
 R. 
 
 Stomach. 
 
 S. 
 
 Pylorus. 
 
 T. 
 
 Duodenum. 
 
 U. 
 
 Colon. 
 
 V. 
 
 Small Intestines. 
 
 W. 
 
 Bladder. 
 
 X. 
 
 Spleen. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Pancreas. 
 
 U: 
 
 Descending Yena Cava. 
 
 b. 
 
 Aorta. 
 
 cd. 
 
 Pulmonary Arteries. 
 
 e. 
 
 Pulmonary Vein*;. 
 
 /• 
 
 Heart. 
 
 9- 
 
 Ascending Yena Cava. 
 
 hh. 
 
 Kidneys. 
 
 i. 
 
 Abdominal Aorta. 
 
 11- 
 
 Fallopian Tubes. 
 
 kk. 
 
 Ovaries. 
 
 1. 
 
 Uterus, oh Womb. 
 
 in. 
 
 Mouth or Womb, ok Os Uteri. 
 
 n- 
 
 Inner Extremity of Yagina. 
 
 yz. 
 
 Remains of F<etal Circulation. 
 

 Preface . 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction. 
 
 Man, the masterpiece — Animated atoms — Study of microscopic life — 
 The protococcus — The amoebae — Similarity between plants and 
 animals — Marvels of minute living forms — Distinguishing' 
 feature of animals and vegetables — The body an aggregation of 
 living cells. 
 
 General Survey of the Body 27 
 
 The digestive system — The alimentary canal — The teeth — The sal- 
 ivary glands — The oesophagus, or meat-pipe — The stomach — 
 The intestines — The liver — The pancreas — The spleen — The 
 portal system — The five digestive juices — The elements of food 
 — The saliva — The gastric juice — The bile — The pancreatic 
 juice — The intestinal juice — Absorption — Disintegration and 
 elimination — Assimilation — The motive system — The nervous 
 system — Brain cells — Nerve fibres. 
 
 The Reproductive System 37 
 
 The zoosperm — The ovum — The OTgans of reproduction — The ovary 
 — Thewomb,oruteru8 — TheFallopian tubes — The bladder — The 
 rectum — The perinaeum — Blood-supply of the uterus and ovaries 
 — Nerves of the uterus and ovaries — Supports of the uterus — 
 Broad ligaments — The pelvis — The sacrum — The coccyx — 
 The symphysis — Promontory of the sacrum — Differences be- 
 tween the male and the female pelvis — Proper proportion of 
 the form in females — Canal of the pelvis — The pelvic canal in 
 lower animals — Measurements of the pelvis — Curve of the pel- 
 vic cavity — Pelvis of the guinea-pig — Pelvis of the cow — 
 Changes in the pelvis prior to childbirth in the human female 
 
 3 [T] 
 
Yl 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 and in lower animals — Other interesting facts about the pelvis- 
 — The breasts, or mammary glands — Lacteal secretion — Mech- 
 anism of lactation — A curious modification of the mammary 
 glands in lower animals — Supernumerary mammary glands — 
 Secretion of milk in virgins — Milk secretion in infants. 
 
 Mysteries of Kepeoduction 56 
 
 Ovulation — Viviparous and 6viparous animals — Procreation a bud- 
 ding process — Reproduction in polyps — Curious mode of repro- 
 duction in the fluke — Ovulation periodic — Ovulation in lower 
 animals — Menstruation — Menstrual discharge — (Estruation — 
 Condition of the uterus and ovaries during menstruation — 
 Relation of menstruation to other functions — Origin of the 
 menstrual blood — Nature of the menstrual discharge — Influ- 
 ence of the moon on menstruation — Vicarious menstruation — 
 Fecundation. 
 
 Sex in Plants and Animals 67 
 
 Fecundation in lowly forms of life — Male and female elements of 
 generation — Sex in flowers — Fecundation in flowers — Marvel- 
 ous mechanism of reproduction in plants — Reproduction in in- 
 fusoria — Reproduction in the earth-worm, snail, and leech — In- 
 teresting arrangement for fecundation in the tape-worm — Her- 
 maphrodite animals — Hermaphrodite flowers — flermaphrodism 
 in human beings — Fecundation in fishes — Method of fecunda- 
 tion in frogs — Fecundation in the human species — Action of 
 the womb in fecundation — Union of the spermatozoa and ovum 
 — Nature of fecundation — Relation of fecundation to heredity. 
 
 Conception 78 
 
 Circumstances favoring conception — When conception is not likely 
 to occur — Multiple conceptions — Superfecundation— Precocious, 
 conception — Conception in advanced age — Influence of parents 
 upon offspring in conception — The determining cause of sex 
 — How to predict and regulate the sex of offspring — The be- 
 ginning of life — Wonderful rapidity of changes in the ovum 
 — Significance of " quickening." 
 
 Gestation, or Pregnancy 86 
 
 Care of eggs by fishes — A nursery in a mouth — Singular 
 form of gestation in the " obstetric toad " — Gestation in 
 the tree-frog — Gestation in mammalia — Changes in the uterus 
 after conception — Changes in the nerve centers— Develop- 
 ment of the ovum during gestation — Segmentation of the 
 
CONTENTS. vii 
 
 ovum — The primitive trace — The origin of monsters explained 
 — The Siamese twins — Resemblance of 'the human embryo at 
 different stages to various species of lower animals — How the 
 digestive organs are formed — The reversed position of the in- 
 ternal organs — Development of the heart — Development of the 
 arms and legs — Development in lower animals and human 
 beings compared — Formation of the face — Cause of hare-lip — 
 Causes of congenital deformities — Nourishment of the embryo 
 — The placenta — Influence of the foetus on the mother — Why 
 a woman's children by a second husband resemble the firsts— 
 The foetal pulse — Means of determining the sex of an unborn 
 child — Position and condition of the foetus in the womb — The 
 amniotic fluid, or " the waters." 
 
 SUMMAEY OF DEVELOPMENT 100 
 
 Size of the embryo — Size of embryo at different periods of pregnancy 
 — Length of gestation — Gestation in the horse, rabbit, and other 
 animals — Abbreviated gestation — Prolonged gestation — Quick- 
 ening — Changes in the system of the mother during gestation — 
 Why women sometimes enjoy superior health during pregnancy 
 — The uterine souffle — Preparation of the system for parturition 
 — Extra-uterine pregnancy — Abdominal pregnancy — Tubal 
 pregnancy — Ovarian pregnancy — Parturition — Expulsion of 
 the " after-birth " — Involution of the uterus — The lochia! — 
 Changes in the child at birth. 
 
 Development of the Body after Birth 112 
 
 Kelative size of different parts of the body of new-born infants 
 ■ — Cause of inferior development of the legs in infants — 
 Shedding of the hair in infants — Development of the teeth — 
 The temporary or milk teeth — The permanent teeth — Ages at 
 which the different temporary and permanent teeth make their 
 appearance — Puberty. 
 
 THE LITTLE GIRL 
 
 Errors in the Early Education of Girls 118 
 
 Difference between boys and girls largely the result of education — 
 The inefficiency of women the result of early perverting influ- 
 ences — The physical development of the sexes run parallel till 
 puberty — The influence of fashion very detrimental to little 
 girls — Early training. 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Education of Girls 122 
 
 Education should begin with, the earliest dawn of reason — Dam- 
 aging influence of " baby-talk " — Small children highly im- 
 itative — The nursery should be a sacred place — The build- 
 ing of a brain a work of high art — Why women as a class are 
 dependent — How to encourage normal development — Advan- 
 tages of the kinder-garten as a means of teaching temperance 
 and morality — School education of little girls — School life of 
 children perverted — Damaging effects of wrong methods of in- 
 struction. 
 
 Moral Culture of Children 123 
 
 Children should be taught to do right from principle — Senile manners 
 — Artificial manners in children — Contrast between a real and 
 an artificial little girl — Responsibility of parents — Juvenile par- 
 ties — Juvenile flirtations— Natural simplicity of childhood to 
 be cherished — Hypocrisy in parents imitated by children. 
 
 Clothing of Girls 128 
 
 Cause of mortality in young children — Why diseases of the throat 
 and lungs are more frequent among young children than 
 adults — So-called " mysterious providences " result of inexcusa- 
 ble neglect — The right of little girls to live — How the body should 
 be clothed — Directions for making undergarments for little girls 
 — Dressing to " develop the form " an insult to nature — Ne- 
 cessity for careful adaptation of children's clothing to the 
 weather — Night-clothing. 
 
 Exercise for Girls 135 
 
 The play-room or family-gymnasium — Necessity for out-of-door ex- 
 ercise — " Model children " usually monstrosities — Early teach 
 to be useful — Pernicious results of " coddling." 
 
 Rest and Sleep 137 
 
 Care of children during sleep — Feather-mattresses to be avoided 
 — Sleeping of children with older people — A popular fallacy. 
 
 Diet for Girls 141 
 
 Harmful effects of candies and nieknacks — Digestive organs of chil- 
 dren easily injured — Best diet for children — Damaging effect 
 of stimulating foods— Pernicious results of eating between 
 meals — Infant dyspeptics— Regular attention to bowels and 
 bladder. 
 
CONTENTS. ix 
 
 Vicious Habits 144 
 
 Alarming prevalence of solitary vice— Boarding schools — Effects 
 of secret vice in girls — A cause of early " break down " — 
 Signs — Suspicious evidences — How the vice is acquired — Evil 
 associations — Mothers should be aroused — A human fiend 
 — Various causes of vice — Bad books— Sentimental literature 
 dangerous — Sunday-school books not above suspicion — Im- 
 proper dressing of infants — A few sad examples — A remarka- 
 ble case — How to cure vicious habits — Appeals from anxious 
 mothers — A few words to girls. 
 
 THE YOUNG LADY. 
 
 Puberty 171 
 
 The physiological import of puberty — Age at which it oc- 
 curs — Precocious puberty — Causes of precocious puberty 
 — Delayed puberty — Influences which delay puberty — A pecul- 
 iar case — Signs of the approach of puberty — Mental and phys- 
 ical changes- — A mental malady incident to puberty — Hygiene 
 of puberty — Mistaken notions — Sad results of ignorance — Neg- 
 lect of mothers to impart information — Illustrative cases — A 
 solemn duty on the part of mothers — Special care necessary at 
 puberty — Precautions to be observed. 
 
 Education of Young Ladies 185 
 
 Home training — Mistakes of mothers — Useless accomplishments — 
 A knowledge of house-keeping essential — School education — 
 Young ladies' seminaries — " Young girl graduates." 
 
 Mental Equality of the Sexes 190 
 
 Arguments for the mental inferiority of woman considered — Recent 
 studies in comparative brain weight — Average size of male 
 brain — Average size of female brain — Woman's brain propor- 
 tionately larger than man's — Brain capacity of lower ani- 
 mals — Great mental capacity sometimes observed in small 
 brains — Dr. Bastian on brain quality — The brain capacity of 
 idiots — Mental difference between men and women the result 
 of education — Fallacious arguments of a popular writer exposed 
 — Belation of heredity to this question — Female brain in bar- 
 barous nations — Parisian brains — The supposed mental inferi- 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 ority of woman an argument for better opportunities rather than 
 the reverse — Comparative mental capacity of Egyptian women 
 — Coeducation of the sexes — Overstudy at critical periods. 
 
 Novel Beading and Dancing 207 
 
 Impurity of speech — The immoral dance — Testimony of a dancing 
 master. 
 
 Diet 215 
 
 Tea-drinking — Tea and temper — Late suppers, ices, confectionary, 
 etc. — Too much meat. 
 
 Drugs, Stimulants, and Narcotics 221 
 
 Dangers from habitual use of drugs — The opium, chloral, liquor, 
 and tea and coffee habits — Chloralism — Damaging dosing. 
 
 Exercise 224 
 
 Physical culture among Grecian women — Lack of physical develop- 
 ment among English and American girls — Frequency of nar- 
 row backs, flat chests, round shoulders, and scrawny arms — 
 Deficient muscular development a cause of uterine disease — 
 How to cure " backache " — Healthfulness of work — Degenera- 
 tion of unused muscles — How to take exercise — When to 
 exercise — Best forms of exercise — Skating, rowing, dancing — 
 Calisthenics — Parlor gymnastics — Necessity for unrestrained 
 action — Physical training of young women — Cause of round 
 shoulders and spinal curvatures — Bad positions in sleeping, 
 sitting, and standing — How to prevent and cure spinal curva- 
 tures and weak backs — A home-made gymnasium — Light cal- 
 isthenics for girls — How to develop the chest — Exercises to 
 straighten the spine and develop the. waist. 
 
 The Question of Woman's Dress 240 
 
 Extravagances of fashionable dress — The slavery of fashion — Natural 
 requirements for dress — Essential qualifications of healthful 
 clothing — Male corset wearers — Fashionable dress examined — 
 Corsets and tight-lacing — Natural female form — Female form 
 deformed by fashion — Venus of Milo — Modern Parisian Belle 
 — The corset a cause of consumption — How a good complexion 
 is spoiled — Corset-stiffened chests — Corsets and vital capacity 
 — Health missionaries needed — Heart disease caused by tight- 
 lacing — Other effects of tight-lacing — Corsets and dyspepsia — 
 
CONTENTS. x i 
 
 Death from pressure over stomach — Tight-laced fissure of the 
 liver — A patient in Bellevue Hospital — Various deformities 
 of the liver from tight-lacing — A liver cut in two — Other evil 
 results — Instant death from tight-lacing — The corset not a ne- 
 cessity — The corset a modern invention — From one folly to 
 another — Elastics — A cause of cold feet and headache — Fash- 
 ionable suicides — Equable protection of the body necessary — 
 Bustles — Unclad limbs — What drags the life out of a woman ? 
 — A cause of uterine disease — Abuse of the feet — French 
 heels — Evils of narrow shoes and high heels — Chinese treat- 
 ment of the feet — Fashion in deformity — Healthful clothing 
 for women — How to dress warmly — Flounces and overskirts — 
 Testimony of a distinguished lady physician — Summary of 
 measurements of civilized and uncivilized women — Mrs. Lang- 
 try compared with the Yenus de Medicis. 
 
 Personal Beauty 276 
 
 How to be beautiful — A beautiful character — An active liver and 
 sound digestion needed — Danger of using cosmetics — Bathing 
 — How to avoid colds — A cause of skin diseases — Bathing a 
 natural instinct — How to bathe — Treatment of common diseases 
 of the skin — Heat-rash — Treatment — Erythema, or redness of 
 the skin — Treatment — Acne, face-pimples — Treatment — Com- 
 edones — Treatment — Acne rosacea, — Treatment — Oily skin — 
 Treatment — Dry skin — Treatment — Dandruff — Treatment — 
 Offensive perspiration — Treatment — Freckles — Treatment — 
 Moth patches — Treatment — Baldness — Treatment — Patchy 
 baldness — Treatment — Hirsutes, overgrowth of hair — Treat- 
 ment — Depilatories. 
 
 Marriage 291 
 
 Marriage conducive to longevity — Different views respecting marriage 
 — Modern disregard for the sanctity of marriage — Object of 
 marriage — When to marry — Marriage in Japan, in the Orient, 
 in Africa, Italy, Spain, and the Sandwich Islands — Plato's 
 view of the time for marriage — Wisdom of stock breeders — 
 Young wives and old husbands — Proper difference in age be- 
 tween husband and wife — Whom to marry — Characteristics of 
 a man who will make a good husband — Good health requisite 
 — Danger from results of early " indiscretions " — Danger of 
 marrying a man who has been " just a little fast " — Women 
 should be as scrupulous as men about past character — May he be 
 a cousin? — Who ought not to marry — Folly of marrying to 
 cure disease — A word of advice — Little girls should not marry 
 — Courting — Dangers of courtship — Flirting. 
 
xii CONTENTS. 
 
 The Social Evil 322 
 
 Extent of the evil — Hideous results of vice increasing — Danger of 
 contamination — Causes of falls from virtue — Men not wholly 
 at fault — Sowing " wild oats " — Purity of mind a complete 
 safeguard — Illustrative cases — The evil influence of " gush- 
 ing " manners — Religion the best safeguard — The restraining 
 influence of physical exercise. 
 
 THE WIFE 
 
 Influence of the true wife — Dignity of wife-hood — The import of 
 marriage — The dangers of ignorance — Prime object of marriage 
 — The hygiene of marriage — Useful suggestions to young wives 
 — Wedding journeys — Excesses — A woman's rights — A sug- 
 gestion from nature — Suggestions to wives who desire children 
 — The Limitation of offspring — Harmful means of preventing 
 conception — Criminal abortion — Unreliability of preventives — 
 How respect for the maternal function is destroyed. 
 
 Criminal Abortion 351 
 
 Revolting character of the crime — Its prevalence in ancient times — 
 Recommended by Aristotle — Not prohibited by ancient Greeks 
 or Romans — Modern apologists for the crime — General preva- 
 lence in modern times — A notorious fact — Destroys more 
 lives than " war, pestilence, and famine, combined " — Preva- 
 lence among Southern negroes — Fatality to the mother — Al- 
 most certain cause of life-long invalidism — A dangerous com- 
 plication of abortion — Even physicians not aware of the extent 
 of the crime — Horrible results of attempted abortion — A cause 
 of deformed children — Influence of abortion on future pregnan- 
 cies — Influence of abortion on children afterward born — Diffi- 
 culty of convicting abortionists — The only hope for the future 
 —Duty of society toward the perpetrators of the crime — Duty 
 of physicians — Testimony of eminent physicians — A cause of 
 cancer of the womb. 
 
 The Menopause, or Change of Life 369 
 
 When the change occurs — Nature of the change — The grand cli- 
 macteric — A critical period — A " Pandora's box " of ills — 
 " An ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure " — Symptoms 
 indicating approach of the change — Morbid symptoms during 
 
CONTENTS. xiii 
 
 the change — " Flushings" — Treatment — Perspirations — Treat- 
 ment — Mental excitement with tendency to mania — Numerous 
 symptoms — Liability to tumors and malignant disease — A 
 special cause of the occurrence of cancer at the change of life 
 — Hygiene of the change of life — Special care required. 
 
 THE MOTHER, 
 
 The motherly instinct — Woman's ruling passion — An unhappy 
 tendency — The dignity of motherhood — A mother's mission — 
 Mischievous teaching — The prospective mother. 
 
 Heeeditt „ 383 
 
 " Like father like son " — Sons resemble the father and daughters 
 the mother — The question of pedigree — Neglect of the matter 
 of pedigree in contracting marriages — The race deteriorating 
 from neglect of hereditary influence — A fatal element at work 
 in modern society — Lesson from stock breeders — Curious illus- 
 trative facts — Origin of a new race of sheep — An acquired 
 deformity inherited — Transmission of acquired habits — The 
 Lambert family — The " Porcupine Man " — Kemarkable exper- 
 iment by Prof. Brown Sequard — Heredity in Guinea pigs — 
 Testimony of Francis Galton — Hereditary genius — Curious 
 observation respecting parentage of remarkable divines — The 
 criminal classes — Bad habits of parents become irresistible 
 tendencies in children — The children of drunkards — The Juke 
 family — A remarkable Chinese custom — The case of Guiteau 
 — The poets Coleridge — Effect of long-continued anxiety — The 
 case of James I. — Napoleon — Interesting examples of pre-natal 
 influence — The puny progeny of young animals — Testimony 
 of Aristotle against premature marriages — Bad results of youth- 
 ful marriages in France — the only hope for the physical 
 redemption of the race. 
 
 Gestation, or Pregnancy 397 
 
 Signs of pregnancy — Cessation of menstruation — " Morning sick- 
 ness " — Abdominal flattening — Changes in the breasts — 
 " Quickening " — Explanation of " quickening " — Ascent of 
 womb — Abdominal enlargement — Vomiting of later months— 
 — Leucorrhoea — Descent of the womb. 
 
x iv CONTENTS. 
 
 Hygiene of Pregnancy 402 
 
 How to secure painless childbirth — The mother's responsibility — 
 Necessity for special care — Measures which conduce to com- 
 fort and safety of the mother during pregnancy and child- 
 birth — Physiological childbirth — Parturition without pain — 
 Diet — Stimulants — An erroneous theory — " Longings " — Ex- 
 ercise — Massage — Dress — The dress of pregnant women reg- 
 ulated by law in ancient times — Bathing — Local bathing — 
 Care of the breasts — Measures which influence the child — 
 Hygiene of ante-natal life — Mental condition of mother — Ef- 
 fects of intoxication at conception — Hap-hazard generation — 
 How to secure special mental qualities in children — Care of the 
 bowels. 
 
 Disorders of Pregnancy 426 
 
 Pregnancy specially liable to certain derangements of the system — 
 Results of perverting influences — " Morning sickness " — Treat- 
 ment — Acidity — Flatulence — Treatment — Constipation — 
 Treatment — Hemorrhoids, or Piles — Treatment — Disorders of 
 the Bladder — Treatment — Disorders of the Womb — Treat- 
 ment — Vaginal discharges — Treatment — Itching genitals- 
 Treatment — Varicose or enlarged veins — Treatment — Dropsi- 
 cal swelling of the feet and limbs — Treatment — Puffiness of 
 the face — Neuralgia — Treatment — Headache and disturban- 
 ces of vision — Shortness of breath — Fainting — Miscarriage 
 and abortic n — Treatment — Premature labor — Death of the 
 foetus — Molar or false pregnancy — Flooding — Treatment — 
 Puerperal convulsions — Treatment — Cramps — Treatment — 
 Painful breast — Treatment — Palpitation of the heart — Bigid 
 skin — Treatment — Malpositions, how to remedy. 
 
 Labor, or Childbirth 444 
 
 Length of Pregnancy — Signs of approach of childbirth — Uterine pains 
 — False pains — Presentation and position — " Breech presenta- 
 tion " — Other abnormal presentations — Stages of labor — Length 
 of labor — Causes of delay in labor — Bigidity of the womb — 
 Bigidity of the perinaeum — Inactivity of the womb — Means of 
 hastening labor — Massage used by the Chinese, Siamese, Jap- 
 anese, and other nations — Cong-fou — Ambouk — Methods in 
 use among the natives of Africa, India, the South Sea Islands, 
 Mexico, Pueblos, and among the Welch and Dutch peasantry 
 — Belies of the peculiar methods used by the early settlers of 
 Kentucky and Ohio — The preparation for labor — Vaginal 
 douche — Massage — Fomentations — Frictions — Management 
 
CONTENTS. xv 
 
 of labor — Midwives — The preparation of the bed — Position 
 of patient during the different stages — The employment of 
 " expression " — How to apply — A substitute for the forceps 
 — To prevent laceration of the perinaeum — Delivery of the 
 child — Expulsion of the placenta, or after-birth — What to do 
 in cases of still-birth — Artificial respiration for infant — Wash- 
 ing and dressing the child — Dressing the cord — The belly-band — 
 The colostrum — Meconium — The binder — Diet of the mother 
 — Care of the bladder and bowels — The lochial discharge — 
 Vaginal injections. 
 
 Complications of Childbirth 463 
 
 Milk-fever — How to prevent — Diet — Treatment — Care of the 
 breasts — Massage to nipple — Treatment for retracted nipples 
 — Sore nipples — Treatment — Causes — Inflammation of the 
 breast — Treatment — How to empty the breast — How to sup- 
 port the breast — To check the secretion of milk — Galactor- 
 rhea — Treatment — To promote the secretion of milk — " Get- 
 ting up " — Subinvolution — Hemorrhage after labor — Treat- 
 ment — Inactivity of the womb — Treatment — Ketention of the 
 after-birth — Treatment — Rigidity of the womb — Treatment — 
 Rigidity of the perinaeum — Treatment — After-pain — The use 
 of ergot — Use of anaesthetics — Chloroform — Twins — Abdom- 
 inal pregnancy — Puerperal fever — Treatment — Lacerations of 
 the womb and perinaeum — Phlegmasia dolens — Milk-leg — 
 Treatment — Puerperal mania — Treatment — Pelvic inflamma- 
 tions — Adhesions — Pelvic abscess — Treatment — Misplaced af- 
 ter-birth, " Placenta previa" — Treatment. 
 
 THE DISEASES OF WOMEN, 
 
 Causes of increasing frequency — Effects of perverted social habits 
 — Evils of fashion — Neglect of the bowels and bladder — Causes 
 of habitual constipation — Deficient muscular exercise — Incon- 
 venient and imperfect privy accommodations — The earth 
 closet — Perpetual " dosing " — Homeopathy — False modesty — 
 " Female Weaknesses " — Success of rational methods — Leu- 
 corrhoea, or whites — Treatment — Vaginitis, or inflammation of 
 the vagina — Treatment — Vaginismus — Treatment — Itching of 
 genitals — Treatment — Inflammation of the labia — Treatment — 
 Uterine catarrh, or Endometritis — Treatment — Inflammation of 
 the womb — Treatment — Congestion of the womb — Treatment 
 — Erosion, or so-called ulceration of the neck of the womb — 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Treatment — Amenorrhoea, or suppressed menstruation — Treat- 
 ment — Molimen — Emmenagogues — Scanty Menstruation- 
 Treatment — Infrequent menstruation — Treatment — Vicarious 
 menstruation — Treatment — Menorrhagia, or profuse menstrua- 
 tion — Treatment — Metrorrhagia, or uterine hemorrhage — 
 Treatment — Too frequent menstruation — Treatment — Fetid 
 menstruation — '■ Treatment — Dysmenorrhoea, or Painful men- 
 struation — Treatment — Congestive dysmenorrhoea — Treatment 
 — Obstructive dysmenorrhoea — Treatment — Membranous dys- 
 menorrhoea — Treatment — Ovarian dysmenorrhoea — Treatment 
 — Neuralgic dysmenorrhoea — Treatment — " Inter-menstrual " 
 dysmenorrhoea — Treatment — Congestion of the ovaries or 
 ovarian irritation — Treatment — Inflammation of the ovaries — 
 Treatment — Cellulitis, Pelvic peritonitis, Inflammation about 
 the womb — Treatment — Prolapsus or falling of the womb — 
 Treatment — Pessaries — Anteversion — Treatment — Anteflex- 
 ion — Treatment — Retroversion — Treatment — Retroflexion 
 — Treatment — Lateral displacements — Treatment — Prolapsus 
 of the ovaries — Treatment — Cystocele, or prolapsus of the 
 bladder — Treatment — Rectocele — Treatment — Nymphomania 
 — Treatment — Sterility — Treatment — Coccygodynia, Painful 
 sitting — Treatment — Irritable or hysterical breast — Treat- 
 ment — Dyspareunia, or painful connection — Treatment — Tu- 
 mor of the urethra — Treatment — Disease of the ure- 
 thral glands — Treatment — Rladder disorders in women 
 — Inability to retain urine — Irritability of the bladder — 
 Treatment — Hemorrhoids or piles — Treatment — Constipation 
 — Treatment — Backache — Treatment — Chlorosis — Treat- 
 ment — Rupture of the neck of the womb — Treatment — Lac- 
 eration of the perinaeum — Treatment — Vesico-vaginal fistula, 
 Recto-vaginal fistula — Treatment — Stricture of the womb — 
 Tumors of the womi) — Fibroid tumor — Polypus — Treatment 
 — Ovarian dropsy — Treatment — Floating tumor of abdo- 
 men — Floating Kidney — Treatment — Cancer of the womb — 
 Treatment — Tumors of the breast — Treatment — Cancer of 
 the breast — Treatment — Relaxed and pendant breast — 
 Treatment — Atrophy of the breast — Treatment — Imper- 
 forate hymen — Treatment — Deficient development of the 
 ovaries — Enlarged or relaxed abdomen — Treatment — Hys- 
 teria — Treatment — Nerve-tire and various nerve ailments 
 — Treatment — Retention of urine — Treatment — Use of 
 Catheter. 
 
 Practical Suggestions , 591 
 
 First symptoms of uterine disease — Exercise and rest — Position 
 during sleep — Diet. 
 
CtoNTENTB. -jrvii 
 
 xva 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 Diseases op Children 609 
 
 Hints about the diet of infants — Wet-nurses — Overfeeding — Care 
 during warm season — Danger from lead-poisoning — " Baby 
 foods " — Weaning — Convulsions — Treatment — Night terrors 
 
 — Treatment — Pain in the bowels — Treatment — Worms — 
 Treatment — Vomiting — Treatment — Eruptions — Treatment 
 — Mumps — Treatment — Measles — Treatment — Whooping- 
 cough — Treatment — Diphtheria — Treatment— Scarlet fever or 
 scarlatina — Treatment — Chicken-pox — Treatment — Infantile 
 Dyspepsia/ — Treatment — Diarrhea-r-Treatment — Dysentery — 
 Treatment — Prolapsus Ani — Treatment — Wetting the Bed — 
 Treatment — Colds — Treatment — Nasal catarrh — Treatment 
 — Ear-ache — Treatment — Discharge from the ear — Treatment 
 — Sore eyes — Treatment — Croup — False or spasmodic croup 
 — Treatment — Sore mouth — Treatment — Sore throat — Treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Applications of Water and Electricity. 631 
 
 Kules for bathing — Sponge bath — Wet-sheet pack — Sitz or hip 
 bath — Foot bath — Wet girdle — Vaginal douche — Enema — 
 Fomentations — Compresses — Oil bath — Heat and cold to spine 
 
 — Electricity, how to use — Galvanism — Electric douche — 
 Bladder douche. 
 
 Postural Treatment and Massage 639 
 
 To strengthen the muscles of the trunk — Ladder exercises — Arm 
 and leg movements — To restore displaced organs to position — 
 Knee-chest position — Massage — Massage of bowels — Massage 
 of womb. 
 
 Miscellaneous Remedies and Prescriptions 643 
 
 Soap-and-water enema — Camphor-water enema — Glycerine enema 
 — Linseed tea enema — Quassia enema — Starch enema — Lo- 
 tions for use in cancer of the breast — Lotions and other reme- 
 dies for sore nipples — Vaginal lotions — Vaginal pledgets of 
 tampons — Glycerine — Vaseline — Alum — Vinegar — Vaginal 
 suppositories — For bladder douche — Prescriptions for consti- 
 pation — For catarrh — For mouth and throat — Lime-water- 
 Disinfectant lotions — Miscellaneous — Salt glow. 
 
xviii COftTEfttS. 
 
 Useful Dietetic Receipts. 653 
 
 Breads — Soft biscuit — Rice waffles — Oatmeal breakfast cake — 
 Graham breakfast rolls — Eusk — Graham crisps — Oatmeal 
 crisps — Graham and oatmeal crackers — Diabetic bread — Gru- 
 els—Beef tea and oatmeal — Milk gruel — Oatmeal gruel — Bice 
 gruel — Milk porridge — Farina gruel — Cream gruel — Chicken 
 jelly — Lemon jelly — Bread jelly — Sago jelly — Drinks — Tap- 
 ioca milk — Rice milk — Bran tea — Rice water — Apple and 
 toast water — Tamarind water — Currant water — Toast water — 
 Lemonade — Hot lemonade — Flaxseed lemonade — Barley wa- 
 ter — Gum arabic water — Flaxseed tea — Bran or wheat coffee 
 — Liquid foods — Chicken broth — Beef tea, — Milk diet — Lime- 
 water and milk — Beef juice — Koumyss — Preparations for nu- 
 tritive injections — Pancreas and meat solution — Pancreas and 
 cream — Beef tea and egg — Miscellaneous — White of egg — 
 White of egg and milk — Eggs and sugar — Slip — Frugolac — 
 Rice milk — To cook rice. 
 
 Antiseptic Midwifery 661 
 
 Glossary 677 
 
 Explanation of Plates 679 
 
 Index 683 
 
B|B GLOILORE.ID IPn^TK©. Slls 
 
 Plate I. — Low Forms of Life and Simplest Modes of Re- 
 production » 22 
 
 Plate II. — Male and Female Pelvis, with Pelvis of Guinea- 
 
 Pig 48 
 
 Plate III. — Reproduction in Plants 70 
 
 Plate IV. — Ovum and Spermatozoa in Man and Lower 
 
 Animals 76 
 
 Plate V. — The Womb and its Appendages. (See Pamphlet.) 
 Plate VI. — Development of the Embryo. (See Pamphlet.') 
 
 Plate VII. — Siamese Twins and Primitive Trace 90 
 
 Plate VIII. — The Breast and the Areola of Pregnancy. 53 
 Plate IX. — Pregnant Womb, Section of Ovary, Reproduc- 
 tion in Tape-Worm, Ovary Discharging Ovum. (See 
 Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate X. — Results of Tight-Lacing 244 
 
 Plate XI. — Light Gymnastics 136 
 
 Plate XII. — Postural Treatment. (See Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate XIII. — Partial and Advanced Prolapsus of the 
 
 Womb. (See Pamphlet.) 
 Plate XIV. — Anteversion and Anteflexion. (See Pamphlet?) 
 Plate XV. — Retroversion and Retroflexion. (See Pamphlet.) 
 Plate XVI. — Partial and Complete Laceration of the 
 Perinseum. (See Pamphlet.) 
 
 (xix) 
 
XX PLATES. 
 
 Plate XVII. — Side profile of a German Peasant Woman 
 268 
 
 Plate XYIII.— Outline of a Well-developed Man . . 269 
 
 Plate XIX. — A Natural Figure, and a Corset-deformed 
 Figure 272 
 
 Plate XX. — Outline of a Woman Who Had Compressed 
 the Waist to Get Rid of Enlarged Spleen 273 
 
 Plate XXI. — Outline of a Young Woman Who Had Sus- 
 pended Her Clothing from Her Shoulders 276 
 
 Plate A. — (Chromo-Lithograph) Female Reproductive Or- 
 gans. Disease of the Urethral Glands. (See Pamphlet.') 
 
 Plate B. — (Chromo-Lithograph) Laceration of the Neck of 
 the Womb. (See Pamphlet.') 
 
 Plate C. — (Chromo-Lithograph) Polypus and Cancer of the 
 Womb. (See Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate D. — (Chromo-Lithograph) Cancer of the Breast, be- 
 ginning and advanced. (See Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate E. — Human Embryo and Embryo of Dog. (See 
 Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate F. — Bad Positions Productive of Deformity 238 
 
 Plate G. — Natural and Deformed Waist Contrasted. . . . 243 
 
 Plate H. — Fashion in Deformity 263 
 
 Plate J. — Grecian, Hawaiian, and Chinese Fashions. . . 266 
 
 Plate K.— Origin of " Busts " and " Bustles." 264 
 
 Plate L. — " Expression " and " Turning." (See Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate M. — Postural Exercises 640 
 
 Plate N. — The Round Ligaments. (See Pamphlet.) 
 
 Plate O. — Natural and Unnatural Breathing 258 
 
 Figs. 1, 2, 3.— Tarnier's Obstetric Cloth 670 
 
 Figs. 4, 5, 6. — Natural Abdominal Supporter 674 
 
Anatomy and Physiology 
 
 OF 
 
 Reproduction. 
 
 J HEN pursuing the study of "the human 
 form divine," the anatomist or physiologist 
 is often led to pause in the midst of his dis- 
 sections or observations, and to exclaim 
 with the Psalmist, " Great and wondrous 
 are Thy works." Even the atheist, who 
 recognizes no Omnipotent Hand as the Cre- 
 ator of all the marvels which greet the in- 
 vestigating scientist at every turn, is loth 
 to believe himself to be a creature of 
 chance, and is prone to erect an altar dedicated 
 to the worship of Nature, even if he fails to rec- 
 ognize the God of Nature. That wonderful machine 
 which we call the body is the masterpiece of 
 the Infinite Artist. In every detail of fibre 
 and structure and function, the most marvelous 
 wisdom and foresight are displayed, and such an 
 adaptation of means to ends as none but an in- 
 finite mind could devise. In no part of this won- 
 derfully delicate and complicated mechanism is this 
 
 3 [21] 
 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 35 
 
 often, probably every few weeks or months, while the 
 more solid tissues probably change as often as every 
 few years, if not more frequently. The blood, a fluid 
 tissue, changes completely every few weeks. 
 
 TEE MOTOR SYSTEM. 
 
 All of the voluntary and involuntary movements 
 of the body are the result of the contraction of the 
 minute fibres of the muscles, which constitute the 
 fleshy portion of the body. The bones also partici- 
 pate in many of the bodily movements, particularly 
 those of a voluntary character, by affording points 
 for the attachment of the muscles. 
 
 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 In the brain and spinal cord, and to some extent 
 in other parts of the body, there are to be found 
 curious little cells, which vary greatly in size and 
 shape, and are exceedingly minute, but which possess 
 similar and very remarkable properties. When ex- 
 amined closely, it is found that these little creatures 
 are provided with delicate prolongations of their sub- 
 stance, which may be compared to fingers, and which 
 may be traced from the cells themselves to the most 
 remote parts of the body in many instances, while in 
 others they seem to be joined to other cells in the 
 immediate vicinity. Some cells are furnished with a 
 very large number of these fingers, while others have 
 but one or two, or even none at all. Certain cells 
 
Fill. 
 
 FigiZ 
 
 Fig. 3 
 
 PLATE I. — Low Forms of Life. 
 
THE LADIES GUIDE. 
 
 send fingers to the eye, others to the ear, still others 
 to the nose, others to the tongue, and others to the 
 skin. 
 
 Thus it is that the various sensible properties of 
 objects are perceived by the brain. Its cells are ex- 
 tended into the remotest parts of the body by means 
 of their immensely long fingers, and thus are con- 
 scious of whatever is taking place at the surface or out- 
 side of the body. Similar fingers are sent out by 
 other cells to the muscles, and muscular action is pro- 
 duced by impulses received from the cells in the 
 brain or spinal cord. Other cells send out fingers to 
 the stomach, and through their influence the work of 
 digestion is performed. Still other cells have charge 
 of the work of the liver in a similar manner. Thus 
 all the work of the body is done through the influence 
 of the little creatures which reside in the brain and 
 spinal cord. By means of fingers sent out by other 
 cells, all the various parts of the body are associated 
 together in the closest sympathy. Every member 
 sympathizes with every other member. When one 
 guffers, all suffer. 
 
60 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Proereation a Budding Process. — The affinity 
 between man and the lower orders extends still fur- 
 ther down the scale of animate existence. The stu- 
 dent of biology is familiar with the fact that in certain 
 low orders of animals, as, for instance, the hydroids, 
 the multiplication of the species takes place by a kind 
 of budding. The hydroid is a sort of animated shrub 
 of jelly-like consistence. It is usually found growing 
 attached to rocks and various solid or stationary bod- 
 ies, in little communities. From the parent stems lit- 
 tle buds grow out, some of which after a time break 
 off and swim away as independent little jelly-fishes. 
 These, in turn, become attached to a submerged rock 
 or an aquatic plant, and after becoming fully devel- 
 oped, give rise to other buds, thus perpetuating the 
 species. This is a process of external budding, but 
 in other species of lower animals the same process 
 takes place on the interior of the parent animal. 
 This is the case, for example, with the distoma, or 
 "fluke," a parasitic creature one species of which 
 makes its home in the human liver. In one stage of 
 its existence, this little animal consists of a long yel- 
 low sac, looking like a yellow worm. From the in- 
 terior of this sac little buds arise, which become de- 
 veloped into new beings, and these, in time, come to 
 resemble their parent, and perpetuate the same curi- 
 ous process. 
 
 This same budding process actually takes place in 
 human beings, the little cell or egg ejected from the 
 ovary being in fact nothing more nor less than an in- 
 terior bud produced in that organ and separated by a 
 
PLATE II. 
 
PLATE IV- 
 
86 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 occurred, has no basis whatever in fact. No especial 
 change takes place in the embryo at the period 
 known as quickening. Whatever individuality the 
 human being possesses exists in rudimentary form in 
 the ovum, immediately after fecundation has taken 
 place. From this time no radical change occurs. We 
 have simply a process of unfolding and development, 
 which continues until the man or woman has reached 
 full maturity. The immediate bearing of this fact in 
 relation to the means adopted to avoid pregnancy and 
 the crime of abortion will be considered elsewhere. 
 
 PREQNEECY, OR GESWTIOR. 
 
 After fecundation, and during the subsequent 
 process of its development, the ovum is treated 
 in various ways by different classes of animals. 
 Many animals, as is the case with many reptiles, 
 deposit the fecundated eggs in the sand or in 
 some secluded location, and give them no further at- 
 tention. Fishes usually deposit their eggs, and then 
 allow their young to shift for themselves when 
 hatched. There are, however, some very notable and 
 interesting exceptions to this method of treating the 
 young among fishes and reptiles. For example, Prof. 
 Wyman gives an account of a South American fish 
 which car-ries its eggs in its mouth until long after the 
 young are hatched. In one instance, he found a 
 young fish nearly three inches long in the mouth of 
 its parent. This office seems to be usually performed 
 by the male, who plays the part of nurse for the 
 
96 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 ovaries and testicles are found in the same individual, 
 but numerous cases have been observed in which cer- 
 tain parts of the sexual organs of the female were so 
 abnormally developed as to produce a striking resem- 
 blance to the organs of the male, and the reverse. 
 
 Nourishment of the Embryo. — Soon after the 
 segmentation of the ovum and the formation of layers 
 of cells or membranes at its surface, that portion of it 
 lying next to the uterine wall undergoes a peculiar 
 development. Little vascular loops are formed which 
 interlace with similar loops formed on the surface of 
 the lining of the uterus. These loops become so 
 closely united with each other that the blood-vessels 
 of the ovum, which begin to form at a very early 
 stage, and those of the uterus have only a very thin 
 partition between their walls. Through this delicate 
 membrane the nutritive fluids of the mother's blood 
 pass readily into the ovum. After the circulation of 
 the ovum is fully developed, the blood corpuscles of 
 the mother and those of the embryo are by this ar- 
 rangement allowed to come very close to each other 
 without coming in actual contact. The blood corpus- 
 cles of the mother never pass into the veins of the 
 child, nor vice versa. If any such change did occur, it 
 could be readily detected, as the blood corpuscles of 
 the embryo are of a different size from those of the 
 mother. The interchange of fluids between the em- 
 bryo and the mother takes place very readily, how- 
 ever, by means of the arrangement briefly described 
 above, which is known as the placenta. 
 
 As the embryo advances in development, it be- 
 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 103 
 
 ten lunar months. The exact length of the period in 
 an individual case cannot always be determined on 
 account of the difficulty of fixing the exact date of 
 conception; but in those instances in which the cir- 
 cumstances have been such as to render the fixing of 
 the date of conception accurately, it has been found 
 to vary little from 275 to 280 days. 
 
 The period of gestation is frequently somewhat 
 shorter than this, many children being born from four 
 to six weeks before the usual time. If the period of 
 gestation is shorter than seven months, the foetus 
 will not be sufficiently developed to live. Infants 
 born before the full term of gestation require especial 
 care and the most careful nursing, and those born be- 
 fore the completion of the seventh month very sel- 
 dom survive birth more than a few days. The period 
 of gestation is sometimes extended two or three 
 weeks beyond the end of the tenth month. Cases 
 have been reported in which the period has been 
 much longer than this, but they are not considered 
 authentic. 
 
 Quickening. — The term quickening is applied to 
 the time when the mother for the first time becomes 
 conscious of the movements of the foetus within the 
 womb. This was formerly believed to be caused by 
 the sudden descent of the foetus from the uterus into 
 the pelvic cavity, but it is now well known to be 
 produced by the movements of the limbs of the child 
 when they come in contact with the walls of the 
 uterus. 
 
 This is generally felt about the beginning of the 
 
The Little Girl. 
 
 |S infants, little girls and little boys begin 
 life very much alike. Aside from the 
 physical differences between the two, the 
 distinguishing characteristics are not marked 
 at first, but the period of earliest infancy 
 is scarcely passed before marked points of 
 difference begin to make their appearance. 
 These are in part due to inherited pecul- 
 iarities of disposition; but we are led 
 to believe from considerable observation 
 that many of these differences are more largely 
 the result of education than of inheritance. The toys 
 presented to the girl-baby for her amusement differ 
 radically from those furnished the little boy. She 
 learns to love dolls and tiny cradles, miniature china 
 sets, and similar toys, simply because they are first 
 presented to her in such a way as to attract her at- 
 tention. Not only in the selection of toys, but in al- 
 most every other particular the little girl is treated 
 differently from the little boy. The latter is expected 
 to become a strong, vigorous man, able to hold his 
 own in the battle of life, and is treated with a sort of 
 respect which is inspired by the anticipation of what 
 he is to become. The little girl, on the other hand, 
 
 P [117] 
 
122 TEE LAMBS GUIDE. 
 
 done, will accomplish more toward the molding of 
 character and the developing of valuable mental quali- 
 ties in the first four or five years of life, than can be 
 accomplished by the most skillful training during any 
 subsequent period. The kindergarten is a most ad- 
 "mirable institution which may be made the means of 
 imparting most valuable instruction. A large amount 
 of useful knowledge may be impressed upon the mind 
 in such a manner that it cannot be forgotten, by the 
 methods employed in the kindergarten. Moral as 
 well as mental culture may be imparted in this way. 
 We have been greatly pleased with the recent effort 
 to employ the kindergarten as a means of impressing 
 on the young mind the truths of temperance. We 
 believe that here is a wide field of usefulness for this 
 new educational system, and have no doubt that un- 
 der the wise and inspiring influence of such talented 
 and enthusiastic workers in the temperance cause as 
 Miss Willard, Mrs. Foster, Mrs. Hunt, and others 
 whom we might name, this agency will be made a 
 means of incalculable good to the rising generation, 
 especially in our large cities. 
 
 School Education. — When the little girl reaches 
 an age at which it is thought proper to send her to 
 school, other depraving influences are brought to bear 
 upon her. While there has been great improve- 
 ment in methods of education within the last quarter 
 of a century, it is still an unfortunate fact that the 
 school-life of the young, boys as well as girls, is to a 
 large degree perverting in its character. Little ones 
 are made to learn by rote. Instruction is imparted 
 
134 THB LADIES' GtJLDB. 
 
 garments. In the spring and autumn, particularly 
 when the weather is very changeable, it may be nec- 
 essary to change the clothing two or three times a 
 day in order to meet the exigencies of the weather. 
 
 Children should never be allowed to suffer for 
 the want of a change of this kind simply because 
 the needed garment has been soiled or must be saved 
 for Sunday wear, or for any other trivial reason. If 
 a child cannot be properly clothed, it should be sent 
 to bed and kept there until the proper garments can 
 be provided for it. The excuse which mothers often 
 make for carelessness in this particular, " that they 
 have been too busy " to make the necessary garments 
 for the little one who has outgrown its old clothing, 
 is no justification for such neglect ; and it will gener- 
 ally be found that the required time has been worse 
 than wasted in the preparation of unwholesome dishes 
 which will have no other influence than to deprave 
 the tastes and undermine the health of the husband 
 and child, or in the entertainment of fashionable 
 friends who are themselves squandering valuable time 
 which belongs properly to their children, in the dis- 
 cussion of the latest fashions or the most recent 
 scandal. 
 
 The clothing of the child at night is also a matter 
 of importance. As a rule, flannel night-gowns should 
 be worn, as by this means the little one avoids the 
 chill often given by coming in contact with cotton or 
 linen sheets, and is better protected from the chiUy 
 night air if, as is often the case, it becomes uncovered 
 in the night by the displacement of the bed covers 
 through its restlessness. 
 
Grecian Dress. 
 
 Hawaiian Dress. 
 
 Chinese Foot. 
 
 Chinese Slipper. 
 
 PLATE J. 
 
iSe TEE LADIES' GtJlDB. 
 
 reforming young women who have once fully entered 
 upon a life of shame. 
 
 Bad Boohs. — By bad books we do not mean those 
 included under the head of obscene literature. The 
 active efforts of Mr. Anthony Comstock for several 
 years past have resulted in the suppression of the 
 greater part if not the whole of this class of literature, 
 but we refer to a class of books not generally recog- 
 nized as so very bad in character. Mr. Comstock 
 has only succeeded in suppressing the publication of 
 those works which are ostensibly vile in character 
 and vicious in purpose. In this he has done a most 
 excellent work, and his labors have undoubtedly 
 resulted in saving thousands of young men and women 
 from ruin ; but there is a large and growing class of 
 literature which his efforts do not and cannot reach. 
 We refer to books written by men and women whose 
 sole object is gain, and who do not hesitate to 
 introduce in one way or another ideas which tend in 
 exactly the same direction as the class of books 
 which are pronounced illegal, and are suppressed 
 wherever found by authorized agents of the govern- 
 ment. Often these prurient, sensual ideas are pre- 
 sented in the most refined and elegant language, and 
 interwoven with other thoughts which may be in 
 themselves elevating, in such a manner that the 
 intent of the writer may be wholly disguised to 
 many persons, and the real character of the book not 
 discoverable without the most careful scrutiny, by a 
 person whose taste is unvitiated by familiarity with 
 vice, and whose intuitions are in harmony with what 
 is pure and ennobling in character. 
 
166 TEE LADIES' QUIDS. 
 
 there is no substitute; and with the majority of 
 those who have become fully ensnared, success can- 
 not be attained except through earnest prayer for 
 divine aid. By the aid of an earnest purpose to re- 
 form, and a determination to become again pure and 
 free from the foul taint of vice, and by a humble, 
 prayerful life of trust in divine strength, the most 
 hapless sinner may find pardon, peace, and purity. 
 
 A Few Words to Girls. — Who does not admire 
 the sweet purity of the lily, the delicate loveliness of 
 the rose, the natural beauty and grandeur of a land- 
 scape, or the golden tinting of an autumn sunset ? No 
 work of art, however marvelous its ingenuity, or 
 wonderful its symmetry, can rival for a moment the 
 magnificence and the wonderful delicacy of the nat- 
 ural beauty which the Creator has spread about us. 
 We all admire them. Even the little infant in its 
 mother's arms, is not insensible to the charms of nat- 
 ural beauty. 
 
 The transparent loveliness of the dew drop or the 
 icicle glittering in the sunshine fixes the attention of 
 the appreciative on-looker as closely as the sheen and 
 glitter of the costliest gem. 
 
 The love of beauty, of purity, is innate in the 
 human mind. Who does not suffer a pang of grief at 
 the ruthless destruction of one of nature's beauties — 
 the crushing of a flower or a crystal, or of any lovely 
 object ? 
 
 Most beautiful and noble of all the Creator's 
 works, is the human form. Towering in grandeur 
 high above the most impressive of all Nature's pict- 
 ures, is the human character, a miniature copy of the 
 
fss LITTLE omi. 16V 
 
 divine. Even in its least attractive forms, the hu- 
 man face possesses a beauty unrivaled by any other 
 natural object ; and when not debased by sin and de- 
 formed by vice, the human character possesses attrac- 
 tions unapproachable by any other of all God's handi- 
 work. 
 
 The Creator has given to each not only natural 
 graces and beauties of form and character, but the 
 power to become more beautiful and attractive through 
 the improvement of natural good qualities, and the 
 acquirement of others. Human life is a school, the 
 object of which is to fit human beings for a higher 
 and grander life. How this life is spent, determines 
 the condition in the next. Is it not a glorious, soul- 
 inspiring thought that this life may be made the be- 
 ginning of an endless eternity of progress, a never- 
 ending school-day, each moment adding new wisdom 
 and knowledge and beauties and graces? The all- 
 wise Father puts men and women, boys and girls, on 
 trial in this life, to see whether their tendency is 
 greatest in an upward or a downward direction. 
 Those who love true beauty and purity, and who as- 
 pire to the highest degree of perfection attainable, 
 will gladly seek such aids to a perfect life as are of- 
 fered by genuine religion; while those who choose 
 sin rather than holiness, vice rather than purity, ug- 
 liness rather than beauty, will despise the good coun- 
 sels of their parents, the warnings vf the Book of 
 books, the admonitions of friends, and will rush head- 
 long down the path of sin to reap at last the terrible 
 reward of evil doers. 
 
 The love of purity, the abhorrence of sin, the de- 
 
The Young Lady. 
 
 YOUNG girl just budding into womanhood, 
 with a warm, loving heart, an innocent and 
 unsophisticated mind, rosy health upon her 
 cheeks, bounding vitality in her veins, and 
 a gay laugh in her voice, is the most beauti- 
 ful object the Creator ever made. The 
 critical period at which the change from 
 girlhood to womanhood occurs is known as 
 Puberty. — The physiological import of 
 this change has already been described, and 
 need not be further dilated upon here. The time at 
 which puberty occurs differs considerably in different 
 individuals as well as in the two sexes and in 
 the different races' of human beings, always oc- 
 curring a little earlier in females than in males. 
 In this country, the average age at which the 
 change occurs in girls is fourteen years. In trop- 
 ical climates, the change occurs very much earlier. 
 It is stated that one of the wives of Mahomet was a 
 mother at ten years, and a case is on record in which 
 puberty occurred in a little girl at the age of two 
 years and pregnancy at eight. In cold climates, as 
 in Denmark, Sweden, and the adjacent countries, the 
 age of puberty is usually delayed to eighteen or nine- 
 
 [171] 
 
The young lady. 185 
 
 Education of Young Ladies. — The education of 
 young ladies is a question which has been widely dis- 
 cussed during the last few years. A variety of po- 
 sitions have been taken by prominent educators with 
 respect to this question, and the discussion has not as 
 yet resulted in a complete and thorough settlement 
 of all the problems involved. We have not space 
 in this little work to consider the subject in all its 
 phases, but we cannot avoid at least a brief considera- 
 tion of the subject from the stand-point of its relation 
 to health. 
 
 Home Training. — Of first importance in the ed- 
 ucation of a young lady is proper home training and 
 education. The young lady who has acquired all the 
 culture and accomplishments which can be secured in 
 the schools, but has no knowledge of the simple arts 
 so necessary to the making of a home, and the proper 
 training of a family, has neglected the most important 
 part of her education. The general prevalence of this 
 defect is becoming alarming. The girls of the pres- 
 ent generation are as a rule far less skillful in bread- 
 making, house-cleaning, and the other household arts, 
 than in piano-playing, elocution, and similar accom- 
 plishments. This condition of affairs is becoming 
 more and more common in this country. The poor 
 mother, who has become worn out with arduous toil 
 in the rearing of her family and in providing them 
 with comforts and luxuries, seldom has a daughter 
 who is able to take her place in the kitchen, at the 
 wash-tub, or at the ironing-table. Unfortunate as is 
 this state of things for the broken-down mother, as 
 
§04 THE LAMM' GUiBM. 
 
 ceive their diplomas. Their school studies are for- 
 saken and soon forgotten ; but the mental discipline 
 which they received in their pursuit remains with 
 them as valuable capital to be invested in any enter- 
 prise in which they may embark. 
 
 A sensible woman who has been thoroughly edu- 
 cated in the classics, mathematics, chemistry, and ge- 
 ology, need not necessarily make herself ridiculous 
 by quoting Latin or Greek passages to her visitors, or 
 spend her whole time in the collection of. specimens 
 of rocks and minerals, or in chemical investigations 
 for the detection of some new metal, or in midnight 
 observations for the discovery of a comet or a new 
 planet. The mental training, the habits of close 
 thought, the power of independent reasoning and in- 
 vestigation which the woman of sound mind acquires 
 in a thorough college course are of as great benefit to 
 her in the performance of household duties as to her 
 equally well educated brother engaged in the various 
 departments of business life. 
 
 Overstudy at Critical Periods. — The only real 
 evil result to woman which can be made to appear as 
 growing out of the coeducation of the sexes is the 
 possibility of overstudy when the system requires 
 tranquillity of mind and rest of body. As previously 
 remarked, the girl who is approaching puberty should 
 be relieved of severe burdens of any kind. She is 
 not prepared to sustain any severe tax of either mind 
 or body, and if at this time she is compelled to keep 
 pace with others whose conditions are not such as to 
 demand shorter lessons and less severe mental taxa- 
 tion, the exhaustion of the nervous system which 
 
Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 Fig- 4. 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 PLATE G.. 
 
PIATE X. 
 
242 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Civilization creates the first requirement for clothing, 
 and the varying temperatures of the temperate and 
 frigid zones create the second. 
 
 Essential Qualifications of Healthful Clothing. 
 — In order to properly meet the wants of the body in 
 fulfilling the above requirements, clothing must pos- 
 sess the following qualifications : — 
 
 1. It must allow unrestrained action of every or- 
 gan of the body. 
 
 2. It must secure equable temperature of all por- 
 tions of the body; 
 
 3. Its weight must be as light as possible without 
 sacrificing other necessary qualities. 
 
 4. It must be so adjusted to the body as to be 
 carried with the slightest possible effort. 
 
 In view of the above principles, let us examine 
 some of the fashionable articles of dress. 
 
 Fashion has graciously spared one-half of her sub- 
 jects the pains and follies which she has heaped in 
 double portion upon the other half. With the excep- 
 tion of tight boots and tight cravats, — both of which 
 are now out of fashion, fortunately, — little fault could 
 be found on the score of health with most of the gar- 
 ments worn by men. 
 
 It was, indeed, reported some time since by the 
 lady correspondent of a prominent American news- 
 paper, who was writing from the metropolis of En- 
 gland, that in that portion of the world creatures 
 calling themselves men are sometimes found to be 
 addicted to the feminine custom of corset-wearing; 
 but these sickly specimens of humanity are hardly 
 
276 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Personal Beauty. — Every woman desires to be 
 beautiful ; and there are few women indeed who do not 
 yield to the instinct which leads her to adopt various 
 little devices for the purpose of increasing, or making 
 to appear to the best possible advantage, her natural 
 attractions of mind or person. But the popular idea 
 of beauty is in many respects faulty. A woman with 
 a pretty face and a fine figure may be or may not be 
 beautiful. Beauty is not simply "skin deep." Its 
 real elements are based upon mental and moral quali- 
 ties rather than mere physical traits. A face cannot 
 be really beautiful which hides behind it a character 
 devoid of worth. A superficial observer may mistake 
 a mere physical symmetry or comeliness for beauty ; 
 but an individual who is alive to the character of his 
 surroundings and sufficiently awake mentally and 
 morally to really know the significance of life, will 
 through his intuitions quickly discriminate between a 
 mere surface glitter and real beauty of soul or charac- 
 ter. Physical beauty is the shadow after which so 
 many seek, while character beauty is the real sub- 
 stance which is so often ignored. A beautiful charac- 
 ter cannot be ugly in its external expressions, no 
 matter how much Nature may seem to have neglected, 
 the principle of mutual fitness. The face is so 
 thoroughly a mirror of the mind, simply a reflection 
 of the character, that the real beauty or ugliness of 
 the latter cannot fail to appear as plainly as the hand 
 writing upon the wall in ancient time, and no prophet 
 is required to interpret its meaning. 
 
 The way to cultivate real beauty, then, is to adorn 
 the heart and mind with valuable and lovely traits, 
 
s 
 
 2 o 
 8 7 
 
 r n 
 
 z » 
 
 3. 
 
 « 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 •s. 
 
 S 
 
 c 
 
 1! 
 
 s 
 
 3 U 
 
 1 
 
 8. 
 
Costal. Abdominal. 
 
 Fig. ■£. Young Woman, in Corset. 
 
 Costal. Abdominal. 
 
 Fig. 3. Man in Corset. 
 
 Costal. Abdominal. 
 
 Fig. 4. Chinese Woman. 
 
 Costal. Abdominal. 
 
 Fig. 5. Chippeway Indian Woman. 
 
 Costal. Abdominal. 
 
 Fig. 6. A Scotch Woman who had never worn a Corset. 
 
 Costal. Abdominal. 
 
 Fig. 7. A Reformed Corset-wearer. 
 
 PIRATE 0. — Pneumographs Tracings of Natural 
 and Unnatural Breathing. 
 
286 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 but because the same disease which causes the dan- 
 druff interferes with the nutrition of the hair, thus oc- 
 casioning its loss. On account of its tendency to pro- 
 duce baldness, the disease should never be neglected. 
 Dandruff is generally occasioned by disorder of the 
 digestion, or some other debilitating disease. 
 
 Treatment : Restore the general health by proper 
 attention to the digestion and general hygiene. For 
 dandruff of the face, apply the same remedies recom- 
 mended for oily skin. The scalp should also be treated 
 in the same way, by gentle shampooing with ordinary 
 washing soap once or twice a week. A very soft 
 brush should be used. Neither a stiff brush nor a fine 
 comb should ever be used for removing dandruff. 
 After shampooing, a liniment composed of equal parts 
 of castor-oil and alcohol may be rubbed on the scalp, 
 or an ointment composed of a drachm of tannin to an 
 ounce of vaseline. 
 
 Offensive Perspiration. — This is a condition which 
 is sometimes exceedingly annoying. It is occasioned 
 by the excretion in the sweat of elements of an offen- 
 sive character. Odors of various kinds are produced. 
 Rheumatic persons are generally most disagreeably 
 affected. The arm-pits are the portions of the body 
 most frequently affected, the offensive odor arising 
 from the feet being due to decomposition of the sweat, 
 and not to the abnormal character of the secretion. 
 This condition is sometimes very difficult to overcome. 
 The best remedy is thorough cleansing of the parts, at 
 least twice a day, with soap and water, or some disin- 
 fectant lotion, as permanganate of potash, a solution 
 of chlorinated soda, or of two or three per cent of 
 
300 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 great a difference in age makes the husband and wife 
 too unlike in tastes and in character. A woman 
 should avoid marrying a man younger than herself. 
 As a rule, a young woman is more mature than a man 
 of the same age, and for a woman to marry a man 
 younger than herself is to prepare her for domestic 
 unhappiness in the lack of the husband's power to 
 command proper respect from his wife on account of 
 his own inferiority in years and development. 
 
 Whom to Marry. — We have already given sev- 
 eral hints respecting the selection of a husband, but a 
 few more words on the same subject will be admiss- 
 ible. We do not propose to give exact rules on this 
 point, knowing very well that such rules will not be 
 followed if laid down, as marriage is not a thing to be 
 governed strictly by law, although it is a matter in 
 which, above all others, calmness, consideration, and 
 deliberation should be exercised. "Love at first 
 sight " is seldom the kind of love which will bear the 
 test of years of association and the trials and per- 
 plexities of married life, together with its disappoint- 
 ments and hardships, which frequently come through 
 the reverses of fortune. Genuine lo^e is that which 
 is based upon a real adaptation of individuals to each 
 other, and must be the outgrowth of real acquaintance 
 with the character, tastes, habits, and all that goes to 
 make up the sum of personal traits and characteristics. 
 Love based on any less thorough foundation than this, 
 can scarcely be called genuine, and is not likely to 
 last. We have known cases in which marriages re- 
 sulting from "love at first sight" were apparently 
 mutually happy; but these are certainly excep- 
 
PIRATE XI.— Light Gymnastics. 
 
THE YOUNG LADY. 307 
 
 tomary, as it is now among uncivilized nations, to 
 destroy congenital cripples at birth. A dyspeptic, a 
 chronic rheumatic, an asthmatic, a paralytic, a person 
 with a hereditary tendency to scrofula, in fact, any 
 individual suffering with any marked deviation from 
 the standard of health, will not be looked upon by a 
 healthy young woman who considers the matter of 
 matrimony from the stand-point of physiology and 
 physical health, as desirable for a husband. 
 
 3. He should be a man of good habits. By good 
 habits we mean not only steady, industrious, thrifty 
 habits with a disposition to economize and avoid ex- 
 travagance, but freedom from such habits as the use of 
 liquor, tobacco, and other stimulants and narcotics. 
 Young women sometimes marry young men in a sort 
 of missionary spirit, thinking that through their in- 
 fluence over them they will be able to effect a reform 
 and thus wean them from the injurious habits which 
 they may have contracted. This is an illusion which 
 but a few weeks of married life suffice to dispel. A 
 young man who does not care enough for the young 
 lady whom he wishes to become his wife to reform 
 before marriage, will never reform afterward. In 
 fact, it is a very dangerous piece of business for a 
 young woman to run the risk of marrying a man who 
 has been "just a little fast." Habits of dissipation 
 when once thoroughly fastened upon an individual are 
 not easily shaken off, and though he may reform for 
 a time, favorable circumstances will be likely to lead 
 him back into the same channel again. 
 
 The notion which we sometimes hear expressed, 
 that " reformed rakes make the best husbands," is as 
 
The Wife. 
 
 I ARRJAGE is an institution of divine ordi- 
 nation, having its origin in Eden, the birth- 
 place of the race. The duties and respon- 
 sibilities of a wife are in no way second to 
 those of her husband. Her sphere of use- 
 fulness is necessarily different from his, but 
 it is in no way secondary in importance. 
 The true wife may exert an influence upon 
 her husband and through him upon society 
 which may determine the destiny of na- 
 tions. Many a man who has risen to greatness has 
 been proud to acknowledge that the real credit of his 
 grandest achievements was as much or more due to 
 his wife than to himself. The Wise Man has well 
 said, " Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price 
 is far above rubies. The heart of her husband doth 
 safely trust in her. She will do him good and not 
 evil all the days of her life." 
 
 The responsibilities and dignity of wifehood is in 
 recent times altogether too little respected. Too often 
 a wife is regarded simply as an ornament for the par- 
 lor or a manager of the housekeeping. Even women 
 themselves are prone to take this narrow view of their 
 sphere of usefulness. A woman who really appreci- 
 
 [833] 
 
Fig. i. Correct poise (a German peasant 
 woman). 
 
 Fig. 2. Incorrect poise, results of corset- 
 wearing 
 
 PIRATE XVII. — Correct and Incorrect Standing Poise. 
 
IK 
 D 
 
 3 
 
 & 
 
 a 
 
 ! 
 
 2 
 
 2 S 
 ft, ft 
 
 pj 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 I '. 
 s m 
 
 S »-" 
 
 I « 
 
 «■ ft 
 
 a 
 
366 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 emas upon its perpetrators. The crime should be 
 considered a just cause for church action to disfellow- 
 ship, and the nature of the crime should not induce 
 those who may have knowledge of it to keep it secret. 
 The crime must be made odious, and the perpetrators 
 condemned in unstinted terms. 
 
 Physicians must warn women of the physical as 
 well as the moral calamities which follow in the wake 
 of this inhuman practice, and the certainty of retribu- 
 tion in this life, as well as the next. 
 
 Testimony of Eminent Physicians. — The follow- 
 ing paragraphs express not only the sentiments of the 
 eminent authorities referred to, but the conclusions 
 and views of all conscientious physicians of expe- 
 rience : — 
 
 " Yet this very thing of criminal abortion means, 
 in plain terms, the most cowardly, base kind of mur- 
 dering, — cowardly, because upon a helpless, living 
 embryo, to hide the result of sensual gratification, 
 or to evade the duty of caring for it afterward ; or 
 simply, with some, because it is thought to be vulgar 
 to have children, — base in a deliberate purpose to 
 sacrifice life, moral purity, maternal nobility and 
 loveliness, to degrading desire. 
 
 " There are those who would fain make light of 
 this crime by attempting to convince themselves and 
 others that a child, while in embryo, has only a sort 
 of vegetative life, not yet endowed with thought, and 
 the ability to maintain an independent existence. If 
 such a monstrous philosophy as this presents any 
 justification for such an act, then the killing of a 
 newly born infant, or of an idiot, may be likewise 
 
THE WIFE. 369 
 
 study, and there is little doubt that from this, as the 
 primal origin, arises much of the nervous, mental, and 
 organic derangement and deficiency that, occurring in 
 children, cuts short or embitters their lives." 
 
 " In thirty-four cases of criminal abortion reported 
 by Tardieu, where the history was known, twenty- 
 tw<i were followed, as a consequence, by dea,th, and 
 only twelve were not." * 
 
 Another authority states that of one hundred and 
 sixty cases of instrumental abortion, the death of 
 the mother occurred in sixty. 
 
 The Menopause, or Change of Life. — Begin- 
 ning at about the age of thirteen years, the men- 
 strual function usually continues about thirty-two 
 years, reaching its conclusion, on an average, in the 
 forty-sixth year, but terminating in the majority of 
 women in the fiftieth year. At puberty the ovary 
 enlarges until it attains its full development and be- 
 gins its work of casting off each month a perfected 
 ovule. When the forty-fifth year of a woman's life is 
 reached, the reverse of this process begins. The 
 ovary begins to shrivel, soon reaching the size and 
 aoquiring much the appearance of a peach stone. A 
 few months later it is still more shrunken ; and after 
 the cessation of the menses it often becomes so shriv- 
 eled as to be scarcely recognizable. 
 
 At the same time that the ovaries are undergoing 
 this remarkable degenerative change, a similar change 
 is taking place in the other organs of generation. 
 The uterus diminishes in size, as does also the va- 
 gina. The mouth of the womb becomes contracted, 
 
 * Storer. 
 
The Wife. 371 
 
 ditions affecting the two termini of a woman's sexual 
 activity. If the function is ushered in with great 
 irregularity, its conclusion will be attended with the 
 same phenomena. Great pain, local or general during 
 menstrual activity, will pretty certainly be followed 
 by the same sort and degree of pain at the grand 
 climacteric. One very singular circumstance is ,the 
 fact that a late puberty indicates a short rather than a 
 long menstrual life. So also, habitual pain at the 
 menstrual period indicates pretty certainly much pain 
 and suffering at the menopause. 
 
 A Critical Period. — This period is one of the 
 most critical epochs of a woman's life. Upon the 
 manner in which she passes through it, depends 
 her future health and happiness in a very great de- 
 gree. The perturbations in the general system which 
 occur at this time are of a character so profound 
 as to be wholly inexplicable were not the intimate 
 relations of the ovaries with the general system 
 through their nervous connections so thoroughly un- 
 derstood. During the period of menstrual activity, 
 a woman's system is affected, we may almost say, 
 dominated, by the influence of these two little glands 
 in a most remarkable manner. The relation between 
 the ovaries and the digestive functions must be 
 familiar to every one. The nausea which is induced 
 by simply pressing upon the ovaries, especially if 
 they are in the slightest degree irritable, is evi- 
 dence of the reflex influence which they exert upon 
 other important abdominal organs. Either an ex- 
 cess or a deficiency of the proper influence of these 
 
The Mother 
 
 HE motherly instinct is without doubt the 
 ruling passion in the heart of the true wo- 
 man. The sexual nature of woman finds 
 expression in this channel when her life is 
 a normal one, rather than in the grosser 
 forms of sexual activity. In modern times 
 there seems to be a tendency to the oblit- 
 eration of the instinct which makes mother- 
 hood desirable and regards it with respect ; 
 but every true woman will recognize the 
 demoralizing nature of this unhallowed influence, and 
 will lift her voice in solemn protest against it. In 
 no sphere does woman so well display her Eden-born 
 graces of character so excellently as when fulfilling her 
 duties in nurturing and training for usefulness the 
 plastic minds and forms which have been intrusted to 
 her care. We behold with admiration the canvass of 
 a Raphael or a Michael Angelo ; we stand with 
 speechless wonderment before the recovered marble 
 of a Phidias or a Praxiteles ; we are almost ready 
 to bend the knee in adoration of the lofty genius 
 which gave birth to these marvelous works of art which 
 have immortalized their creators ; but which of all 
 of these can for a moment compare with the work in- 
 
 [381] 
 
THE MOTHER. 383 
 
 way affect those of her child, and that for a period 
 she must think, act, and live for another besides her- 
 self. One of the most powerful means of impressing 
 indelibly upon the mind the necessity for care and 
 proper training, mental and moral, as well as physi- 
 cal, during the period of pregnancy and lactation, is a 
 presentation of the principles and facts of 
 
 HEREDITY, 
 
 We have not space here to enter into the de- 
 tails of this somewhat intricate department of biol-. 
 ogy, and can only call attention to a few of its 
 leading features which are of special practical value 
 in this connection. 
 
 " Like father like son," is a homely adage, the cor- 
 rectness of which is rarely questioned; and "like 
 mother like daughter" would be equally true. A 
 careful study of the subject of heredity has estab- 
 lished as a scientific fact the principle that sons as a 
 rule most resemble the father, and daughters the 
 mother, although there are often observed marked 
 exceptions to the rule. The degree to which this 
 hereditary tendency exists, and how it may be utilized 
 to the improvement of the race is a question of inter- 
 est which we may profitably consider. Unfortu- 
 nately, the question of " pedigree " receives very little 
 attention so far as human beings are concerned. If a 
 man is about to expend a thousand dollars for a fine 
 horse, he inquires with great care into the ancestry 
 of the animal. The owner must be able to show a 
 record of lineal and unmixed descent from parents 
 
tHtf MOfHEk 3<j? 
 
 GESTBTION; OR PREGNMCY, 
 
 Signs of Pregnancy. — The cessation of the men- 
 ses is usually the first indication that conception has 
 taken place and that the period of gestation has be- 
 gun. As remarked in a previous portion of the work, 
 however, some women seem to have certain symptoms 
 indicative of the occurrence of conception, such as 
 slight faintness, or some nervous symptom peculiar 
 to the individual. These cases must be regarded, 
 however, as quite exceptional. When the menstrual 
 function is interrupted without the occurrence of any- 
 thing to which it may be fairly attributed, as taking 
 cold, or some serious general or local disease, a mar- 
 ried woman who has been exposed to the liability of 
 conception may consider that she has good grounds 
 for suspecting that she has become pregnant. It 
 should be borne in mind, however, that pregnancy 
 sometimes occurs without interrupting the menstrual 
 function, at least during the first months. Cases are 
 also on record in which pregnancy has occurred with- 
 out the menstrual function ever having made its ap- 
 pearance, and after the change of life had occurred, 
 the menstrual discharge having been absent for 
 months. 
 
 "Morning Sickness," is a symptom which makes 
 its appearance very early in the period of pregnancy, 
 usually in the second month, and often in the first 
 week, continuing six or eight weeks. There is nau- 
 sea and sometimes A'omiting, the symptom usually 
 occurring just after rising in the morning, whence its 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
-y 
 
398 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 name. This form of vomiting is due to sympathetic 
 influences, and while generally not so serious but that 
 it may be easily controlled by the simple means which 
 will be hereafter described, sometimes becomes so vio- 
 lent and uncontrollable as to endanger not only the 
 life of the foetus but of the mother. Many women 
 do not suffer at all with this symptom. 
 
 One of the most constant and important signs of 
 pregnancy is the change which takes place in the 
 breasts. At the middle or end of the second month 
 the mammary glands begin to enlarge, become firmer 
 to the touch and somewhat sensitive, and other 
 marked changes occur in the nipple and adjacent 
 tissue. Its color becomes darker, and the dark ring 
 about it, known as the areola, acquires a considerable 
 increase in color, becomes somewhat enlarged, and 
 presents on its surface many little tubercules, formed 
 by the enlargement of the peculiar glands which are 
 found in this locality, each of which is in fact a minia- 
 ture breast in its structure, and hence ready to take 
 on the same development as the gland itself when in- 
 fluenced by the same exciting cause. 
 
 In many cases, dark spots appear at this period 
 upon the face and hands or other parts of the body, 
 which closely resemble liver spots, but are distin- 
 guished from them by the fact that they speedily 
 disappear after childbirth. 
 
 By the end of the second month the womb has 
 acquired a considerable increase in size, in consequence 
 of which it settles down in the pelvis, giving to the 
 abdomen an unnatural flatness characteristic of this 
 condition. 
 
THE MOTHER. 399 
 
 Between the third and fourth months the foetus 
 reaches a degree of development sufficient to enable 
 an acute observer to hear distinctly the beating of 
 the heart. Observations respecting the foetal heart- 
 beat and the means for detecting it have been made 
 at page 98, and need not be repeated here. This is 
 a certain sign of pregnancy. 
 
 " Quickening " is the term applied to the first 
 movements of the child which are observed by the 
 mother. The term originated in an age of ignorance 
 when it was supposed that at the time motion was 
 first felt, a change took place in the development of 
 the child by which it acquired individual life, which 
 it did not possess prior to that time. The fallacy of 
 this theory has been already shown in this work. It 
 is necessary only to say that motions are made by 
 the foetus at a very early period ; but as the uterus 
 does not become sufficiently enlarged to bring its walls 
 in contact with the abdominal walls until the fourth 
 or fifth month, the mother does not observe them 
 until this period. 
 
 The movements are described as resembling the 
 fluttering of a bird, or strong pulsation. They may 
 be easily observed by others besides the mother by 
 placing the hand upon the abdomen for a few mo- 
 ments. If they do not occur promptly, a slight tap of 
 the fingers will occasion them, or dipping the hand in 
 cold water before placing it upon the abdomen. 
 Sometimes these movements are imitated either pur- 
 posely or as the result of disease ; when this is the 
 case, the fact may be discovered by observing that 
 the means just given for exciting them does not succeed. 
 
THE MOTHER. 403 
 
 We will first call attention to measures of regimen 
 and treatment which conduce to the comfort and 
 safety of the mother during gestation and while pass- 
 ing through the process of childbirth, by the aid of 
 which the pains of parturition and the perils of ma- 
 ternity may be avoided. Thousands of women look 
 forward to the termination of pregnancy with con- 
 stant dread and most dismal forebodings ; and thou- 
 sands of others adopt every possible device to avoid 
 pregnancy through fear of the pains and dangers 
 which are commonly attributed to these physiological 
 processes. We hope to offer in these pages sugges- 
 tions which will afford to such wives assurance of 
 safety and so great a mitigation of suffering as will 
 lead them to choose the slight inconveniencies of nor- 
 mal pregnancy and physiological childbirth rather 
 "than the dismal comfort of a childless old age and the 
 increased liability to disease which is likely to result 
 from a childless life. 
 
 Parturition without Pain. — For ages woman- 
 kind has submitted, not always uncomplainingly, 
 it is true, but with evident hopelessness of any re- 
 demption, to the pains and perils of maternity, fully 
 believing that their sufferings were the result of the 
 ■curse pronounced upon womankind in consequence of 
 the transgression of their first mother, Eve. Doubt- 
 less woman must endure some burdens and sufferings 
 to the end of time in obedience to the divine man- 
 date, " In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children ; " 
 but we are prepared to show that the greater part of 
 woman's sufferings in the performance of this the 
 highest of all physical functions is the result, not of 
 
THE MOTHER. 423 
 
 envy, irritability of temper, and, in fact, all the pas- 
 sions and propensities should be held in check. The 
 fickleness of desire and the constantly varying whims 
 which characterize the pregnant state in some women 
 should not be regarded as uncontrollable, and to be 
 yielded to as the only means of appeasing them. 
 The mother should be gently encouraged to resist such 
 tendencies when they become at all marked, and to 
 assist her in the effort, her husband should endeavor 
 to engage her mind by interesting conversation, read- 
 ing, and various harmless and pleasant diversions. 
 
 If it is desired that the child should possess a 
 special aptitude for any particular art or pursuit, dur- 
 ing the period of pregnancy the mother's mind should 
 be constantly directed in this channel. If artistic 
 taste or skill is the trait desired, the mother should be 
 surrounded by works of art of a high order of merit. 
 She should read art, think art, talk, and write about 
 art, and if possible, herself engage in the close prac- 
 tical study of some one or more branches of art, as 
 painting, drawing, etching, or modeling. If ability 
 for authorship is desired, then the mother should de- 
 vote herself assiduously to literature. It is not 
 claimed that by following these suggestions any 
 mother can make of her children great artists or au- 
 thors at will ; but it is certain that by this means the 
 greatest possibilities in individual cases can be at- 
 tained ; and it is certain that decided results have 
 been secured by close attention to the principles laid 
 down. It should be understood, however, that not 
 merely a formal and desultory effort on the part of 
 the mother is what is required. The theme selected 
 
THE MOTHER. 427 
 
 formed in a perfectly physiological manner. They 
 must be regarded as among the results of the per- 
 verted state into which the race has fallen, and in 
 which there have been great departures in a great 
 variety of ways from the normal conditions of the 
 race. It should be added that a careful observance 
 of all the suggestions made in the preceding section 
 will effectually prevent nearly all the disorders to 
 which we here call attention. 
 
 " Morning Sickness." — This is one of the earli- 
 est, and sometimes one of the most serious, complica- 
 tions of pregnancy, occurring usually only in the ear- 
 lier and later months of pregnancy. The nausea, 
 sometimes accompanied by vomiting, most often oc- 
 curs in the morning just after rising. 
 
 Treatment. — This difficulty is often very obsti- 
 nate, but very simple measures will give relief, in the 
 majority of cases. 
 
 Give the patient something to eat before she rises 
 in the morning, as a bowl of brown bread and milk. 
 Food should be taken at least fifteen or twenty min- 
 utes before attempting to get up, and after rising, the 
 patient should dress quickly and go out in the open 
 air for a walk, unless the weather forbids. 
 
 The abdominal bandage is a very excellent means 
 of relieving this unpleasant symptom. It should be 
 worn continually for a week or two both day and 
 night and then should be omitted during the night. 
 Daily sitz baths are also of great advantage. In 
 many cases, electricity relieves this symptom very 
 promptly. When nearly all kinds of food are re- 
 jected, milk and lime-water may be employed. In 
 
440 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 powdered alum may be carefully inclosed in a bag of 
 thin muslin and introduced into the vagina and re- 
 tained for a few hours. 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions. — This is a very serious- 
 disease which may occur during pregnancy, or during 
 or after labor. It generally occurs in patients who- 
 have suffered with disease of the kidneys during 
 pregnancy, as shown by swelling of the feet and 
 limbs, puffiness of the face, and the presence of albu- 
 men in the urine. Among the first symptoms are 
 disorders of vision, as blurred sight, double vision, and 
 continuous headache. The attack generally begins 
 with strong muscular contractions, in which the= 
 muscles of the limbs become rigid, and respiration 
 ceases through the rigidity of the muscles of the 
 chest. This is followed in a short time by spasmodic 
 twitching of the various muscles. Sometimes the 
 contortions of patients suffering with this affection 
 are frightful. The most common, and probably the 
 sole, cause of true puerperal convulsions, is poisoning 
 of the blood by the elements of the urine which are 
 not eliminated on account of congestion or inflamma- 
 tion of the kidneys. 
 
 Sometimes attacks occur resembling those of epi- 
 lepsy. These cases are probably due to some other 
 cause. 
 
 Treatment: The preventive treatment of this dis- 
 ease is by far the most important. It consists, first, 
 in thorough attention to the laws of hygiene relating 
 to the pregnant state. The diet should be chiefly 
 fruit, and farinaceous articles of food. Sugar and 
 meat should be carefully discarded. As soon as the 
 
Fig. 1. 
 
 y\6 
 
 %,,,* .,j\ 
 
 v/l 
 
 
 «?. 2. 
 
 PtATE VIII. 
 
444 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 means the pains and perils of childbirth may he al- 
 most infinitely lessened. Most obstetrical operations, 
 so fraught with danger to both mother and child, are 
 made necessary by malpositions which may be easily 
 corrected without pain or inconvenience to the 
 mother or danger to the child by proper manipulation 
 prior to confinement. In view of this fact, every wo- 
 man will recognize the importance of consulting an 
 experienced and intelligent physician at intervals dur- 
 ing the last months of pregnancy to assure her- 
 self that all is well, or to submit to the proper treat- 
 ment for correcting any faulty position, thus avoiding 
 the danger and suffering which might otherwise be 
 inevitable. 
 
 In some cases it becomes necessary that a prop- 
 erly constructed supporter should be worn to prevent 
 a return of the difficulty after the malposition has 
 been corrected. 
 
 LHBOR, OR CHILDBIRTH. 
 
 (See Appendix for instruction in Aseptic Midwifery.) 
 
 The period of gestation, or labor, usually lasts, in 
 the human female, from 278 to 300 days, at the end 
 of which time it is terminated by labor, or parturition. 
 The approach of labor is usually indicated by pre- 
 monitory symptoms for some hours or even days be- 
 forehand, but sometimes occurs suddenly without any 
 premonitory symptoms. 
 
 The following are the leading signs of the approach 
 of the termination of pregnancy : Gradually increasing 
 irritability of the bladder, with much difficulty in 
 standing or walking, and a change in form of the afr- 
 
448 THE LAMMS' GUIDE. 
 
 the child or the after-birth, to excite uterine contrac- 
 tion, or to correct malpositions. The exact mode of 
 administering such manipulations will be described a 
 little later. The object of this mention is to call at- 
 tention to the fact that this one of the most recent 
 additions to scientific obstetrical practice is almost as 
 old as the race, and simply an adoption of what has 
 been practiced by savages from time immemorial, 
 with, of course, such improvements as civilized man 
 with his greater intelligence is easily able to add. 
 
 Preparation for Labor. — The whole period of 
 pregnancy should be a course of preparation for its 
 termination ; but in addition to the various measures 
 previously described, special measures may be adopted 
 at its very termination by which the pains and dan- 
 gers of childbirth may be greatly lessened and the 
 process expedited. 
 
 First we mention the vaginal douche. No better 
 means is known for securing natural and ready dilata- 
 tion of the neck of the womb at delivery than the hot 
 water douche. It should be administered two or 
 three times daily for the last week or two of preg- 
 nancy, and when the pains of childbirth begin, may 
 be employed continuously for hours with benefit. It 
 is one of the most effectual means of relieving the 
 annoying, ineffectual pains of the first stage of labor. 
 The temperature should not be over 110° F., and the 
 patient should be placed in such a position as to 
 make her as comfortable as possible. We have wit- 
 nessed the most excellent results from this method, 
 and can recommend it as well worth a trial, and cer- 
 
450 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 and the kidneys acting freely. The diet should be 
 especially simple. The usual amount of exercise 
 should be taken, or as nearly so as possible, to the 
 very day of confinement, unless there should be some 
 complication contra-indicating exercise. 
 
 Management of Labor. — The first thing to be 
 done at the beginning of labor is to secure the serv- 
 ices of a competent attendant. The attendant should, 
 if possible, be a thoroughly trained physician. This 
 is a field in which woman as a physician can fill a 
 very useful sphere. Under no circumstances, except 
 in emergencies, should the important process of par- 
 turition be placed wholly in the hands of a midwife 
 whose qualifications, such as she may possess, are 
 wholly derived from experience at the bedside, no 
 matter how large be the number of cases she may 
 have attended. No one person could by practical ex- 
 perience alone in a life-time acquire all the knowledge 
 necessary to meet the urgent emergencies which are 
 liable to arise at any time in childbirth. The science 
 and art of obstetrics have been developed by a very 
 slow process ; and as they exist at the present day, 
 are the result of the combined experience of physi- 
 cians during the last two thousand years. Thorough 
 theoretical knowledge is indispensable as a founda- 
 tion for practical skill. 
 
 As soon as the first labor pains make their ap- 
 pearance, the physician should be promptly notified, 
 and also the nurse, if the latter is not already in 
 readiness. The room in which the patient is to be 
 confined should be a large, light, airy, and pleasant 
 one. But few persons should be allowed to be pres- 
 
458 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Washing and Dressing the Child. — If the birth 
 is a premature one, having occurred before the infant 
 was fully developed, the child will be smaller than 
 usual and less well developed ; its movements will be 
 slight and feeble, its cry will be very faint, and the 
 countenance will have a peculiarly old expression. 
 Such a child requires extra care and warmth. It 
 should be carefully wrapped in soft cotton. Very 
 great care will be required in rearing it, as it will at 
 first be too weak to nurse and must be fed with a 
 spoon. It should not be washed and dressed for 
 some hours, and should be kept very warm. Care 
 should be taken in washing the child not to expose it 
 to cold so as to produce blueness of the surface, as is 
 often done. It should be recollected that the infant 
 has all its life thus far been accustomed to a temper- 
 ature of nearly 100°, and being wholly without pro- 
 tection when born, and keenly susceptible, it must suf- 
 fer quite severely from cold. Another important fact 
 is that the process of respiration is not completely car- 
 ried on by the lungs for some days after birth, the 
 skin performing a very important part of the work. 
 When it becomes cold, it can no longer perform this 
 extra function, and the blood of the child is quickly 
 poisoned by the accumulation of carbonic acid and 
 other effete products which should be eliminated. 
 
 The best plan for washing the child is to place it 
 in a warm bath, the temperature of which is about 
 blood heat, and then rub it gently with a sponge 
 dipped in warm, weak suds made of castile soap. If 
 the surface is covered with curd-like matter, as is 
 sometimes the case, it should be smeared with a mixt- 
 
460 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 By dressing the cord in this way, much offensiveness 
 which arises from decomposition is avoided. 
 
 It is generally customary to next apply what is 
 termed the belly-band. This is not so important as 
 many suppose, if indeed it is needed at all, which we 
 very seriously doubt. If applied it should not be 
 drawn too tight, and should be fastened with tapes in- 
 stead of pins. The best material to use is very soft 
 flannel. When the dressing is completed, the infant 
 should be placed in a warm bed ; but it should not 
 have its head covered, as it needs an abundance of 
 air, as well as an adult. The infant, when thus prop- 
 erly dressed, generally sleeps several hours. When 
 it awakes, it should be applied to the breast. Al- 
 though the milk is not yet formed, the efforts of the 
 child to nurse will promote the secretion and will also 
 benefit the child, as the first secretion furnished by 
 the breast, a watery fluid known as colostrum, has a 
 slightly laxative effect upon the bowels of the infant, 
 freeing them from their contents, which is termed 
 meconium. 
 
 The Binder. — After the child has been born and 
 its immediate wants attended to, the binder or ab- 
 dominal bandage should be applied to the mother. 
 The binder consists of a double thickness of strong 
 muslin cloth or a large linen towel. It should be ap- 
 plied in such a way as to give the mother the least 
 possible amount of inconvenience in the application. 
 In fastening, it should be drawn so as to fit the body 
 snugly, and should be pinned from above downward. 
 The bandage is generally applied more tightly than 
 is necessary, the serious consequence of which is not 
 
472 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 the prompt and thorough performance of which is 
 very important. Special care should be taken so 
 long as the lochial discharge is still present. Care 
 during this period will often save the patient from 
 many years of suffering. 
 
 Hemorrhage after Labor. — Sometimes the womb 
 does not contract so firmly as it should after child- 
 birth, in consequence of which its greatly dilated 
 blood-vessels remain open, and frightful hemorrhage 
 is the result. This is also sometimes caused by only 
 partial separation of the after-birth, the remainder of 
 the after-birth being attached so firmly that it cannot 
 be expelled by the contractions of the organ. In 
 other cases more or less hemorrhage continues for 
 some time after childbirth in consequence of a lacera- 
 tion or tear of the neck of the womb. 
 
 Treatment: When the hemorrhage is due to par- 
 tial attachment of the placenta, the after-birth should 
 be removed as quickly as possible. In order to effect 
 this, it is sometimes necessary for the physician to 
 pass his hand into the womb. The necessity for this 
 measure may almost always be obviated by the em- 
 ployment of the hot water douche at as high a tem- 
 perature as can be borne by the patient, and by the 
 employment of "expression," described on page 452. 
 When the directions there given are followed out, 
 hemorrhage after labor will rarely occur. 
 
 Where hemorrhage is due to failure of the uterus 
 to contract, the best remedy known is the hot water 
 douche and massage or friction over the womb. The 
 syphon syringe, or some other efficient instrument of 
 the kind should be in readiness for use in an emergency 
 
478 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 dies of blood poisoning. Cases have occurred in 
 which, by the performance of a surgical operation, a 
 fully developed child has been removed from the ab- 
 dominal cavity, the lives of both mother and infant 
 being saved. 
 
 Puerperal Fever. — This disease is responsible 
 for a large number of deaths following confinement, 
 and a great multitude of chronic, diseased conditions, 
 by which women who have suffered from it are crip- 
 pled and maimed, many times for life. It is now 
 pretty generally conceded that severe fever following 
 confinement is usually the result of absorption into 
 the system of some of the products of the decomposi- 
 tion taking place in the generative passages. Having 
 gained access to the blood, the diseased germs multi- 
 ply in great numbers and soon pervade the whole 
 system. In addition to the general fever, inflamma- 
 tions of the womb or its surrounding tissues and the 
 ovary and other organs are very likely to occur, 
 leaving adhesions, consolidations, abscesses, indu- 
 rations, etc. 
 
 The best treatment of this disease is prevention. 
 If the parts are thoroughly washed out two or three 
 times a day with a disinfectant lotion, by means of a 
 syphon syringe, the thorough cleansing being kept up 
 continuously until the lochial discharge has entirely 
 ceased, there is little chance for the germs of disease 
 to find an entrance into the system, and puerperal 
 fever will not be likely to occur. A physician at- 
 tending one case of the disease will be very likely to 
 convey it to other patients whom he may visit, unless 
 he takes great care to disinfect his person and clothing. 
 
The Diseases of Women. 
 
 HAT there has been in the last quarter of a 
 century a most remarkable increase in the 
 number and frequency of diseases of the 
 class known as " female diseases," is a fact 
 well attested by the observation of hun- 
 dreds of physicians and other persons who 
 have had wide opportunities for observa- 
 tion on this point. No one disputes the 
 fact, but various interpretations have been 
 given to it. 
 
 One author attributes the difficulty to faulty 
 methods of education, particularly the attempt of 
 young women to compete with their brothers in the 
 study of the classics and the higher mathematics. 
 Another, adducing the fact that American women 
 seem to suffer more than those of any other nation, finds 
 an explanation in the asserted fact that " all animals 
 tend to deteriorate in this country." No reason is 
 offered why America should not be as healthy a coun- 
 try as any other upon the globe, but attention is 
 «alled to the fact that numerous classes of people 
 liave occupied the territory in succession, from which 
 it is argued that no race can long continue an exist- 
 ence here without degeneration ; thus placing the re- 
 
 487 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN 493 
 
 ing the house may be built on purpose for its accom- 
 modation. Warmth in cold weather, convenience at 
 all times, and privacy of approach, are advantages 
 which should be embodied in every case as essential 
 means of maintaining the health, as well as minister- 
 ing to the mental and physical comfort of the female 
 members of the household. 
 
 Perpetual " dosing " must be set down as one of 
 the causes which have been instrumental in making so 
 conspicuous " the little health of women," This sub- 
 ject has also been considered elsewhere, but we think 
 will bear mentioning again, so common is the custom 
 and so serious its consequences. It must be conceded 
 that homeopathy has been of most invaluable service 
 to the world, at least to one-half of humanity, by 
 demonstrating that this class of ailments, when cura- 
 ble, recover more rapidly without than with the con- 
 stant dosing with pills and pellets and regulating pow- 
 ders, nauseating compounds and sickening decoctions. 
 The treatment of the diseases of women as practiced 
 to-day by the most experienced and scientific practi- 
 tioners, more nearly approaches the ideal standard of 
 rationality than any other branch of medicine, and 
 the daily advances in this direction are greater than 
 in any other department. 
 
 We should fail to do our duty should we neglect 
 to endeavor to impress upon the -minds of our readers 
 the paramount importance of attending seriously and 
 promptly to the first evidences of the maladies to 
 which this section is devoted. Nearly all this class 
 of diseases, although very chronic and obstinate when 
 thoroughly developed, are readily controlled by proper 
 
498 TEE LADIES? GUIDE. 
 
 useful measure, used alone or combined with astrin- 
 gents. The same may be said of a more recently- 
 discovered remedy, the extract of the Eucalyptus 
 globulus or Australian gum-tree. For formula for 
 these remedies, see the appendix. 
 
 The sitz or hip bath may be usefully employed in 
 this as well as most other forms of local disease in 
 women. The temperature of the bath should be 
 92° F., at the beginning, and after ten to twenty min- 
 utes should be cooled down from two to five degrees 
 for about one minute, so that there will be no lia- 
 bility of the patient's taking cold. The bath may be 
 taken daily if the patient is strong, or in other cases 
 two to four times a week. 
 
 Still another measure of very great value in these 
 cases is the medicated tampon, which is also de- 
 scribed in the appendix. Alum, tannin, glycerine, 
 and a variety of useful remedies may be applied in 
 this manner, eitherwith or without the aid of an in- 
 strument for placing the tampon, as described in the 
 appendix. 
 
 VAGINITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OP THE 
 VAGINA. 
 
 This disease is much less common than the pre- 
 ceding, one form of which is sometimes termed 
 chronic vaginitis. In the acute form of the disease 
 there is swelling, heat, tenderness, smarting, and a 
 burning sensation, with a more or less profuse dis- 
 charge. This form of the disease very closely resem- 
 bles the specific form of the affection known as gonor- 
 rhoea, which usually results from impure connection. 
 
502 THE LADIES 1 GUIDE. 
 
 camphor gum, or chloral. Sometimes diabetes acts 
 as a cause, the urine keeping the parts in a state 
 of irritation. In these cases the urine should be 
 drawn with a catheter several times a day. 
 
 UTERINE CATARRH— ENDOMETRITIS. 
 
 General debility ; pulse weak ; countenance pale 
 and sallow; digestion slow; bowels very inactive; 
 eyes dull, surrounded by a dark circle ; nervousness ; 
 headache ; hysteria ; weakness in the back and lower 
 part of the bowels ; watery or glary discharge, some- 
 times very copious, often appears in adhesive, stringy 
 masses ; scanty or suppressed menstruation ; painful 
 menstruation; menorrhagia; are the leading symptoms. 
 
 The mucous membrane lining the cavity of the 
 uterus is subject to catarrh as well as all other mu- 
 cous membranes of the body. This condition is gen- 
 erally termed, inflammation of the interior of the 
 womb, and it has long been treated as such. It has 
 recently been thoroughly demonstrated, however, that 
 this is not the case, and that the condition of the mu- 
 cous membrane lining the organ is that of congestion 
 and not inflammation. 
 
 The most common causes are improper dress; tak- 
 ing cold at the menstrual period ; sexual excess ; self- 
 abuse; and whatever may cause congestion of the 
 womb. It occurs very frequently in women who for 
 any reason do not nurse their children. 
 
 Treatment : All exciting causes, so far as possible, 
 should be removed. If the patient has been in the 
 habit of wearing the clothing tight about the waist 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 505 
 
 that the lady barely escaped with her life. We 
 scarcely need add that the chronic congestion of the 
 organ from which she had suffered many years was 
 greatly aggravated in the inflammation which fol- 
 lowed, in which not only the womb itself, but its sur- 
 rounding tissues were involved. In this way an 
 amount of damage is often done which can hardly 
 be repaired by many months of treatment, and may 
 occasion life-long injury. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB. 
 
 The symptoms of this disease are almost identical 
 with those of catarrh of the womb, but are much 
 more intense. The local symptoms are chiefly, pain 
 in the lower part of the back, extending around the 
 body ; weight, or dragging-down feeling in the bow- 
 els ; pain just above the pubic bones, with tenderness 
 on pressure ; frequently, various symptoms relating to 
 the bladder. In most cases there is more or less dis- 
 turbance of digestion, leucorrhoea, constipation of the 
 bowels, headache, nervousness, and general debility. 
 
 This disease, like the preceding one, has long 
 been mistaken for an inflammation, which its name 
 really implies, but which does not in reality exist. 
 The condition commonly known as chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the uterus is really congestion of the organ. 
 In consequence of disturbance of the circulation in 
 the womb, it becomes engorged with blood and 
 speedily becomes enlarged, sometimes reaching a size 
 three or four times as large as in health. As the re- 
 sult of the enlargement and increased weight, the or- 
 gan settles down in the pelvis and thus prolapsus or 
 
PLATE) F. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 511 
 
 the neck of the womb against the vaginal walls, rub 
 off the softened membrane and leave the tissues in a 
 raw and irritable condition. 
 
 A large share of the cases which are mistaken for 
 ulceration of the womb are cases of laceration of the 
 cervix produced at childbirth. We have cured scores 
 of such cases by a proper surgical operation after they 
 had been treated unsuccessfully for many years by 
 means of caustics and the other usual applications. 
 
 Treatment : When the abrasion or erosion is due 
 to a rupture at childbirth, and is at all severe, an op- 
 eration by a skillful surgeon affords the most speedy 
 and certain means of cure. When due to simple con- 
 gestion, catarrh of the womb, or prolapsus, these con- 
 ditions must be cured. The treatment which will af- 
 ford relief and effect a cure in the great majority of 
 cases is the following : A sitz bath three or four times 
 a week. Two hot vaginal douches daily. (See ap- 
 pendix.) The use of astringent injections or tampons, 
 preferably the latter, at least three times a week. 
 All the causes must be avoided. Sexual continence 
 should be observed. Proper diet, dress, regulation of 
 the bowels, and attention to all the laws of health are 
 essential in securing a rapid and permanent recovery. 
 
 AMENORRHEA, OR SUPPRESSED 
 MENSTRUATION. 
 
 This is a condition in which there is absence of 
 the usual menstrual flow. There are two classes of 
 cases : those in which the flow fails to make its ap- 
 pearance at the proper time, and those in which the 
 flow is suppressed after having once been established. 
 
518 TEE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 VICARIOUS MENSTRUATION. 
 
 In cases of amenorrhoea, it occasionally happens 
 that a bloody discharge occurs at the menstrual pe- 
 riod from some other part of the body than the uterus. 
 This is known as vicarious menstruation. Such dis- 
 charges have been observed to occur from the scalp, 
 ear, nose, eyelids, cheeks, gums, salivary glands, lungs, 
 stomach, breasts, abdomen, back, arm-pits, chest, navel, 
 kidneys, bowels, legs, hands, and from wounds, sores, 
 or ulcers. Hemorrhages from the stomach, breasts, 
 and lungs are most frequent, and occur in the order 
 named. 
 
 Treatment : The habit, when once established, is 
 often difficult to cure, and frequently continues for 
 many years in spite of treatment, sometimes resulting 
 fatally. The measures to be employed are the same 
 as recommended for amenorrhoea, with the usual 
 means for checking the hemorrhage of the affected 
 part. 
 
 MENORRHAGIA-PROPUSE MENSTRU- 
 ATION. 
 
 There is no definite standard as to the length or 
 quantity of the menstrual flow. When the flow is 
 much more than usual, or so excessive as to produce 
 weakness and prostration either at the time or after, 
 it may be termed menorrhagia. 
 
 Menorrhagia may be produced by either plethora 
 or debility. When resulting from plethora, the pa- 
 tient suffers with severe throbbing headache, pain in 
 the back, and general symptoms of fever. When it 
 
blS&ASES OF WOMEN. 52*? 
 
 permanent, and occasionally a cure may be effected 
 by the use of electricity alone. 
 
 Opium is very frequently resorted to in these 
 cases, but it should be avoided as much as possible, 
 as the opium-habit is very likely to be contracted. 
 We have met a number of cases in which the habit 
 was acquired in this way. If anodyne remedies of 
 any sort must be used, gelsemium, hyoscyamus, and 
 conium are much to be preferred. These remedies 
 should not of course be used unless prescribed by a 
 physician. We seldom find it necessary to resort to 
 their use, almost invariably securing relief by the 
 measures described. 
 
 CONGESTION OP THE OVARIES— OVARIAN 
 IRRITATION. 
 
 The symptoms of this disease are tenderness in 
 the groin, pain in standing or walking, more or less 
 continuous pain, aggravated at the menstrual period, 
 which is generally ushered in by a chill, followed by a 
 fever resembling that of ovarian inflammation. 
 
 This condition is frequently called chronic inflam- 
 mation of the ovaries, and Is often accompanied by en- 
 largement of the organ which, in consequence of some 
 sudden jar or unusual strain, becomes dislocated or 
 prolapsed. Ovarian irritation often produces a reflex 
 effect upon the system. It is a frequent cause of 
 obstinate dyspepsia, especially of the nervous form, 
 accompanied by spinal irritation, and painful head- 
 aches, and in some cases of serious mental disease, 
 finally amounting to insanity. Hysteria and a pecul- 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 533 
 
 tion; in very bad cases, protrusion of the organ; 
 symptoms sometimes absent. 
 
 In addition to the above symptoms, there is gen- 
 erally more or less impairment of the general health, 
 constipation of the bowels, deranged digestion, head- 
 ache, especially at the top of the head, and general 
 debility. The condition of the organ may be seen by 
 reference to Plate XIII. 
 
 Falling of the womb is a very common affection, 
 especially among women who have borne children. 
 It also occurs in women who have never been preg- 
 nant, as the result of tight lacing, wearing heavy 
 skirts suspended from the hips, and fashionable dissi- 
 pation. Prolapsus is sometimes induced by a sudden 
 jar or fall; but it is most commonly preceded by 
 chronic congestion of the organ, by which its weight 
 is very greatly increased, and becoming too heavy to 
 be held in place by its natural supports, it settles 
 down in consequence. Prolapsus is also the result of 
 Violent muscular exertion, rupture of the perinseum 
 in labor, and of getting up too soon after childbirth. 
 Every cause which tends to produce disease of the 
 sexual organs in females, may occasion prolapsus. 
 The immediate cause in chronic cases, and that which 
 presents the greatest obstacle to successful treatment, 
 is relaxation of the natural supports of the organ. 
 
 Treatment: The usual treatment for prolapsus 
 consists almost exclusively in the application of sup- 
 porters of various kinds. The amount of ingenuity 
 which has been displayed in the construction of de- 
 vices of various sorts for the purpose of restoring a 
 prolapsed uterus to its natural condition, is not sur- 
 
 35 
 
Diseases of women. 539 
 
 ANTEVERSION. 
 
 In anteversion, or forward displacement, the 
 womb is tilted forward against the bladder at the 
 same time that it retains its usual form. The organ 
 is naturally tilted forward to a considerable degree, 
 so that anteversion is simply an exaggeration of its 
 natural state. (See Plate XIV.) 
 
 The particular symptoms which arise from this 
 form of displacement are painful and frequent urina- 
 tion; aching pain just above the pubic bones; in 
 some cases pain in moving the bowels, and inability 
 to walk or to be upon the feet on account of the ag- 
 gravation of the local pain. 
 
 The principal causes t)f anteversion are enlarge- 
 ment of the womb, violent efforts, as in lifting, jump- 
 ing, straining, and especially tight lacing; the last- 
 named cause is undoubtedly one of the most common 
 of all. Anteversion may also be the result of weak- 
 ening of the supports which sustain the uterus in po- 
 sition, which may arise from general weakness of the 
 whole system or from laceration of the perinseum. 
 
 Treatment : The first matter to be attended to is 
 removal of the cause. This will require attention to 
 the suggestions made for the same purpose with ref- 
 erence to chronic congestion of the uterus. Sitz 
 baths and hot douches should be thoroughly em- 
 ployed. The patient should remain as much as pos- 
 sible in a horizontal position upon the back. A surgi- 
 cal operation is sometimes necessary, in order to 
 effect a radical cure. Much harm has often resulted 
 from depending upon the use of pessaries in these 
 
5 g2 LADIES' QV1DA 
 
 the stools are hard and dry, benefit will be derived 
 from the use of a small water enema, or an enema of 
 three or four tablespoonfuls of sweet-oil on retiring at 
 night. The bowels should not be allowed to move 
 when the contents have become hardened by long re- 
 tention without taking a large enema. 
 
 Wearing the moist abdominal bandage at night, or 
 even night and .day for a week or two at a time, is an- 
 other very serviceable measure. Free water drink- 
 ing to the extent of six to ten glasses a day is also to 
 be recommended. Of all measures, however, aside 
 from diet, the most reliance may be placed upon 
 massage of the bowels, thoroughly and systematically 
 administered. In obstinate cases the bowels should 
 be kneaded half an hour three times a day, as di- 
 rected in the appendix. By means of the simple 
 measures mentioned above, we have relieved cases in 
 which there had been no natural movement of the 
 bowels for from ten to twenty years, the patient hav- 
 ing been wholly dependent upon cathartics. 
 
 BACKACHE. 
 
 This is one of the most constant symptoms of dis- 
 ease of the womb and pelvic organs. Though not 
 a disease of itself, it is so prominent and so 
 troublesome as a symptom that we give it separate 
 notice. The pain is usually described as a dull, con- 
 stant ache, located in the small of the back or across 
 the hips, often extending around to the front of the 
 body. It is most severe when the patient has been 
 long upon the feet in standing or walking. 
 
Fig. i. Young woman in corset. 
 
 Fig. z. Results of the corset. 
 
 PLATE XIX.— Results of Tight Lacing. 
 
PLATE XX. — Results of Wearing Heavy Skirts. 
 
MSEASES OP WOMEN. 5^5 
 
 may be profitably applied to the body in general in a 
 manner and of sufficient strength to secure contrac- 
 tion of the muscles over the whole body, especially 
 those of the arms and legs. Massage should also be 
 administered in a thorough manner daily. This last 
 measure is one of the most important. 
 
 RUPTURE OP THE NECK OP THE WOMB. 
 
 This accident is the result of childbirth, in conse- 
 quence of unnatural rigidity of the womb, excessive 
 size of the head of the infant, malposition, the use of 
 instruments, precipitate labor, and perhaps from other 
 causes. A tear may occur in the neck of the womb 
 without the patient's being aware of the accident at 
 the time. If the difficulty is not discovered and rem-, 
 edied, the usual result is, that, instead of making a 
 rapid recovery after childbirth, the patient remains 
 weak for a long time, and is perhaps confined to the bed 
 on account of the pain and inconvenience occasioned 
 when she attempts to get upon her feet and walk 
 about. She suffers with all the symptoms of con- 
 gestion of the womb, and after a time suffers with 
 prolapsus, or some form of displacement. Menstrua- 
 tion is likely to be very profuse. This condition 
 often goes undiscovered, even when the patient re- 
 sorts to a physician for examination and advice. The 
 majority of cases of laceration of the cervix, or neck, 
 of the womb, are treated for ulceration. When the 
 physician makes an examination, he finds the lips of 
 the womb enlarged, gaping, rolling outward, con- 
 gested, and often covered with granulations. Too 
 often these symptoms are mistaken for inflammation 
 
 87 
 
5^2 THE L ABIES' GUIDE. 
 
 ulent, or bloody — painful urination, retention of urine 
 difficult or painful defecation, — these are the leading 
 symptoms of tumors of the womb, although all these 
 symptoms may be present without the existence of a 
 tumor. When the tumor has reached a considerable 
 degree of development, it may be felt through the 
 abdominal wall; but its presence cannot be deter- 
 mined with certainty except by careful examination 
 by an experienced physician. 
 
 Little is known of the cause of uterine tumors, 
 except that they are most likely to occur in persons 
 who have been exposed to the causes of other uterine 
 diseases. They are also more likely to occur in wo- 
 men of middle age or past that period than in young 
 women. A polypus of the womb is shown on 
 Plate C. 
 
 Treatment : When either fibroid tumors or polypi 
 are developed on the interior of the womb, nature 
 often effects a cure by causing the tumor to slough 
 off, either en masse, or by piece-meal, the dead tissue 
 being expelled. It is often observed that absorption 
 of fibroid tumors takes place after the change of life. 
 The greatest care should be taken to avoid all causes 
 of uterine excitement or congestion. On this ac- 
 count, single persons should not marry, and the mar- 
 ried should observe the strictest continence. At the 
 menstrual period, or when suffering with hemorrhage, 
 the patient should receive the same treatment ad- 
 vised for " Profuse Menstruation " and uterine .hem- 
 orrhage. Rest in bed with hips elevated and knees 
 drawn up, and the hot water or alum douche, are es- 
 pecially valuable. The hot vaginal douche should be 
 
5*f6 THE LADIES GUIDE. 
 
 A floating tumor is simply a kidney which has be- 
 come dislodged from its proper position. The organ 
 seems to be able to perform its functions nearly as 
 well when moving about as when quietly at rest in 
 its proper position. 
 
 Treatment : A radical cure cannot be effected ; but 
 much may be done to relieve the unpleasant drag- 
 ging sensation which is usually experienced in con- 
 nection with this condition by toning up the abdom- 
 inal walls, for which nothing is better than the daily 
 application of electricity or the alternate hot and cold 
 spray to the abdomen. A silk elastic bandage is also 
 a most effective means for use in cases in which the 
 relaxation is too great to be overcome by the meas- 
 ures of treatment suggested. In a case which we 
 have recently had under treatment, the difficulty ap- 
 parently disappeared altogether after three or four 
 months. 
 
 CANCER OP THE WOMB. 
 
 The usual symptoms of this horrible and often 
 incurable malady are as follows: Very profuse 
 watery discharge, of a dirty, pale-green color, always 
 offensive, usually putrescent; sudden, and, in the later 
 stages, frequent attacks of hemorrhage ; severe local 
 pain at night at first, in later stages constant ; dis- 
 turbances of digestion, nausea and vomiting ; irregu- 
 lar action of the bowels ; great mental depression ; 
 rapidly increasing debility ; sallow countenance ; 
 when examined, the womb is found to be enlarged, 
 nodular, fixed by adhesions in the pelvis so as to be 
 immovable. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEtf. tf§ 
 
 considerably developed, cancer shows its real charac- 
 ter by the enlargement of the lymphatic glands of 
 the neck and armpit of the affected side, and by re- 
 traction of the nipple, which does not occur in non- 
 malignant tumors. Cancers seldom occur under 
 thirty, while other tumors may appear at any age 
 after puberty, and are most frequent under thirty and 
 in single persons. 
 
 Treatment: For overgrowth of the gland, the 
 causes should be removed and pressure applied to the 
 breast by means of adhesive straps or a well -placed 
 bandage. Pressure is one of the best means of 
 checking the growth of all forms of tumors of the 
 breast, not excepting cancer. The best mode of ap- 
 plying pressure is by means of an air-bag held firmly 
 in position by a bandage. Compressed sponge, that 
 is, sponge dried under pressure, is also a useful mea,ns. 
 In the absence of either, a simple pad of cotton or 
 wool may be applied over the tumor. The applica- 
 tion of ice-bags when there is much heat, is a com- 
 mendable measure of treatment. 
 
 When the tumor becomes troublesome by reason 
 of causing pain, or inconvenience on account of its 
 size, it should be removed. This may often be done 
 by a skillful surgeon in such a manner as to leave 
 scarcely any trace of the operation. 
 
 CANCER OF THE BREAST. 
 
 This is one of the most frequent and most formid- 
 able of all the forms of cancer. The following are 
 the leading symptoms : a sharp, throbbing, lancinating 
 pain often shooting down the arm ; a sense of weight 
 
588 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 NERVE-TIRE AND VARIOUS NERVE 
 AILMENTS. 
 
 While it is undoubtedly true that many of the 
 nervous symptoms so common among women, the 
 neuralgias, headaches, backaches, nervousness, fidg- 
 ets, hysterias, etc., etc., are due to local ailments of 
 the womb and ovaries, it is quite an error to suppose 
 that these organs are responsible for all the manifold 
 symptoms which are not infrequently found associated 
 with a greater or less degree of local disease. We 
 have no sympathy with the fashion which is becom- 
 ing quite too prevalent among physicians, in accord- 
 ance with which the slightest degree of local disease 
 is considered sufficient to give rise to an infinite 
 number and variety of remote symptoms, and is ac- 
 cordingly made the chief point of attack with a for- 
 midable array of tampons, pessaries, lotions, supposi- 
 tories, etc., with the expectation that all the harass- 
 ing symptoms in head, spine, stomach, and other or- 
 gans will take their departure as promptly as if dis- 
 pelled by a magician's wand. That disappointment 
 usually follows this plan of treatment is evidenced by 
 the hundreds of invalid women who spend their lives 
 in drifting about from one specialist to another until 
 they become disgusted with life, and are in not a few 
 instances absolutely worn to death. Having met 
 scores of such cases, we feel justified in taking this 
 view of the case. Nerve-tire, or exhaustion of the 
 nervous system, is one of the most common causes of 
 uterine and ovarian disease. Constant overwork or 
 worry, too much excitement, too little physical ex- 
 
A FEW PBAOTIOAL SUGGESTIONS, mi 
 
 A FEW PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS. 
 
 Perhaps a few concise suggestions of a general 
 character should be added to the general and special 
 advice given in the preceding portions of the book re- 
 specting the treatment of the various ailments peculiar 
 to the sex, which have been described. First let us 
 emphasize the importance of early attention to local 
 derangements, even though they may be quite slight 
 in character. Nearly all serious maladies of a chronic 
 nature have small beginnings, the first indications of 
 disease being but slight departures from the normal 
 condition. The first symptom of beginning local dis- 
 ease may be a slight leucorrhoeal discharge, at first 
 continuing a week or two after the menstrual period, 
 and then becoming continuous from one period to the 
 other, or the patient may observe some slight irregu- 
 larity of the menses, as a too profuse or too prolonged 
 flow, lengthening or shortening of the interval between 
 the menstrual periods, or an unusual degree of nervous 
 prostration or pain at the menstrual period. In other 
 cases, a pain in the back, especially when the patient is 
 upon her feet, will be the first indication of a departure 
 from health. Sometimes there is no local symptom 
 whatever, but instead, some nervous disturbance, as de- 
 spondency, or excessive nervousness without adequate 
 cause, perhaps hysteria, fretfulness, confusion of 
 mind, and constant headache, particularly at the top 
 of the head. Sometimes the pain in the back may 
 extend to the whole spine, but it is usually felt most 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 giseasjts of &>hil&vtn» 
 
 "^g^E have not space in this volume for an extended treatise 
 #p§ on the disorders of infancy and childhood, and can only 
 consider in the briefest manner possible the simple measures of 
 treatment which are adapted to home use in the most common 
 of the various maladies incident to the earliest years of life. 
 
 Hints about the Diet of Children. — As most of the disor- 
 ders specially common to infancy arise from bad feeding, it is 
 appropriate to commence this section with a few hints respecting 
 the dietary of young children. We may begin by saying that 
 nearly all the advice generally given by " old nurses " is wrong. 
 There is no department of the nursing art in which so little com- 
 mon sense is usually displayed as in this. The suggestions of- 
 fered below are chiefly quoted from the " Home Hand-Book," a 
 larger work in which this whole subject is considered at length. 
 
 As a general rule, an infant should be fed once in two or 
 three hours during the day-time, and once at night until one 
 month old. After this time it should not be fed at night, and it 
 should take its food no more frequently than once in three hours 
 during the day-time until four months of age. Between four and 
 eight months, the intervals should be gradually prolonged to four 
 hours. After this time the fourth meal should be gradually 
 dropped off, so that at twelve months the child will take its food 
 but three times a day. 
 
 In order to break children of the habit of eating in the night, 
 when mothers have beaa «* the habit of nursing them at all 
 
 (609) 
 
612 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 the age of eight or ten months the child may be fed bread and 
 milk, or oatmeal porridge once a day, this article being substi- 
 tuted for mother's milk. 
 
 Convulsions. — This is one of the most alarming of the dis- 
 eases of infancy, but is not often fatal. The treatment should 
 be prompt and energetic. Plunge the child as quickly as possi- 
 ble into a hot bath, pouring cool water upon the head and chest. 
 When the convulsion is the result of indigestion, the child should 
 be made to vomit, if possible, by drinking warm water or half a 
 glass of water into which a teaspoonful of mustard or powdered 
 alum has been stirred, When constipation and flatulence are 
 the cause, give an enema of soap-suds. When the fontanel is 
 prominent or bulging, the cold applications to the head should be 
 very vigorous ; ice may be used. When there is considerable 
 fever, cool sponging of the body should be employed, together 
 with cold injections into the bowels. When the fontanel is de- 
 pressed, showing lack of blood in the brain, the convulsion may 
 sometimes be relieved by inverting the child; that is, turning its 
 head downward. This is often recommended indiscriminately 
 for convulsions, which is a grave error, as it might produce a 
 fatal result in convulsions produced by congestion. The applica- 
 tion of hot fomentations to the head is also useful in these cases. 
 " Inward fits " are relieved by fomentations to the bowels, hot 
 enemas, or giving the child a few teaspoonfuls of water contain- 
 ing a drop or two of peppermint essence. 
 
 Night Terrors. — Give a hot bath, with cold to the head, 
 an enema of soap-suds or warm water, an emetic when the stom- 
 ach is loaded with undigested food, and fomentations to the bow- 
 els when distended by gas. A teaspoonful of powdered alum or 
 mustard in half a glass of water will produce prompt emetic 
 effects, if the child can be made to take it. Avoidance of excite- 
 ment, simple food, out-of-door life, and gentle treatment are im- 
 portant as preventives. 
 
 Fain in the Bowels. — Very common in young infants, the 
 symptoms being, moaning cries, corners of mouth drawn down, 
 twitching of face during sleep, bloated abdomen. Regulate diet 
 carefully, keep limbs and extremities warm and bowels open by 
 resort to enema when necessary, and apply hot fomentations to 
 
APPENDIX. 615 
 
 sired. During the disease, a simple but nutritious diet should be 
 allowed, but stimulants of all kinds should be prohibited. Milk, 
 fruits, and grains may be taken in sufficient quantity to satisfy 
 the patient's appetite, but meat should be prohibited. Good 
 ventilation of the sick-room should be maintained throughout 
 the disease, and care should be taken to prevent, so far as possi- 
 ble, the contraction of the disease by those who have never had it. 
 German Measles. — This disease so closely resembles the pre- 
 , ceding in character that the treatment is essentially the same. 
 
 Whooping-Cough. — "When the disease is prevalent, special 
 care should be taken to prevent children from taking cold, 
 as this is the most active predisposing cause. Good venti- 
 lation with uniform temperature, are essential conditions, but 
 not easy to secure in all cases. Fomentations to the chest, 
 hot and cold applications to the spine, and a warm blanket 
 pack three or four times a week are among the most useful 
 measures of treatment. The inhalation of warm steam is also 
 useful Nothing is needed in the line of medicine more than a 
 little saleratus water prepared as follows : — 
 
 Saleratus, half a teaspoonful; water, a large cupful; flavor 
 with a little sugar and cinnamon or wintergreen essence. Take 
 three or four times daily. The child should be urged to 
 restrain the cough as much as possible. 
 
 Diphtheria. — This disease appears in three forms : catarrhal, 
 croupous, and malignant. The symptoms of the first form are so 
 slight that the disease may be easily mistaken for an ordinary 
 • sore throat, and, indeed, in some cases it may be impossible to 
 distinguish readily between this form of the disease and a simple 
 inflammation. The symptoms are as follows : slight fever ; 
 malaise ; dryness in the throat, with slight pain in swallowing ; 
 glands of throat swollen ; mucous membrane red and covered 
 with small grayish- white or whitish-yellow spots ; frequently 
 nausea and vomiting. When an epidemic of diphtheria is prev- 
 alent, many cases present the above symptoms with none more 
 serious, making a good recovery within a few days ; but it should 
 be recollp "ted that a mild case may give rise to a more serious 
 form of the disease, or may develop, in time, symptoms of a morf 
 serious character, 
 
616 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 The most prominent symptoms of the croupous form are as 
 follows : all the symptoms of the simple or catarrhal form inten- 
 sified ; more severe fever ; great heat in the head ; confusion of 
 mind ; intense pain in the throat ; one or more whitish patches 
 to be seen on the mucous membrane of the throat, adhering so 
 tenaciously that when torn off the surface bleeds ; a peculiar, 
 offensive odor of the breath ; tongue heavily coated. The mem- 
 brane which appears in this form of the disease may extend over 
 the whole throat, and even into the nasal cavity and larynx. It 
 has appeared upon the mucous membrane of the eyes, and upon 
 portions of the body where the skin has been denuded, as well as 
 over the whole intestinal tract. When the larynx is affected, the 
 symptoms of true croup are added to those of diphtheria. 
 
 In the malignant form, we have added to the foregoing symp- 
 toms, an extreme degree of prostration ; weak and slow pulse ; 
 sodden face ; neck greatly swollen, with its skin shiny ; exceed- 
 ingly offensive breath ; extensive false membrane ; and an al- 
 most irresistible fatal tendency. When the malignant form is 
 assumed, the disease progresses so rapidly that death often occurs 
 within a few hours from the beginning of the attack. The whole 
 system seems to be invaded by the germs which give rise to the 
 malady, and there is no time for anything to be accomplished by 
 remedies. As just intimated, the disease is believed to be due to 
 the invasion of the system by certain poisonous germs, the char- 
 acter of which has been the subject of much careful study. 
 
 Treatment : The increasing prevalence of this disease and its 
 alarming fatality make it important that every mother should 
 know something of its nature and the best way to manage it. 
 Give simple diet, preferably milk and gruels. Control the fever 
 by cool sponging. At the outset of the disease, apply ice to the 
 throat, and give the patient small bits of ice to swallow very often. 
 When the membrane begins to loosen, use steam inhalations, and 
 hot fomentations to the throat. Solutions of carbolic acid and 
 chlorate of potash, and the solution of chlorinated soda, are 
 also useful remedies which may be used with the atomizer, 
 lime-water and vinegar may be used with benefit to aid in dis- 
 solving the membrane. 
 
 Prescriptions for several excellent lotions to be used in the 
 
APPENDIX. 617 
 
 treatment of this malady, may be found under the head of " Mis- 
 cellaneous Remedies and Prescriptions." 
 
 We ought to add that this disease is of so serious a nature 
 that a competent physician ought to be called in every case as 
 soon as the nature of the malady is recognized, or where there is 
 doubt as to its character. Attention should also be called to the 
 fact that the disease is extremely contagious, and consequently 
 that the greatest precaution should be taken to prevent its exten- 
 sion to other members of the family, or to other persons in the 
 neighborhood. The patient should be placed in a room secluded 
 from the rest of the house, and should be visited only by the 
 nurse and physician. The case should be promptly reported to 
 the health officer of the city or district, so that the public may 
 be properly -warned. Disinfectants should be used for the pur- 
 pose of destroying the infectious character of the discharges of 
 the patient. They are best applied by being placed in the vessel 
 in which the discharges are received, so that the latter may be 
 rendered harmless at once. After the patient has recovered, the 
 same measures of disinfection mentioned in connection with the 
 treatment of scarlet fever should be employed. Several disin- 
 fectant lotions are mentioned in the section to which the 
 reader has already been referred for prescriptions used in this 
 disease. More complete directions for treating this disease will 
 be found in our larger medical work. * 
 
 Scarlet Fever — Scarlatina. — Mild cases require only a 
 simple diet, thorough ventilation, the use of tepid sponge baths, 
 and cool compresses to the bowels or wet sheet packs, and per- 
 haps cool enemata, and other measures for reducing the tempera- 
 ture, together with good nursing. If the eruption is a little 
 slow in making its appearance, or shows a tendency to recede 
 after it has appeared, a warm full bath and sponging of the skin 
 with hot water or hot and cold sponging, together with warm 
 drinks, are the measures to be employed. When the other 
 symptoms are very severe, ice compresses should be applied to 
 the throat if possible, and the patient should be given pieces of 
 ice to hold in the mouth. When the breath is very foul, a solu- 
 
 * "The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Ratipnal Medicine." 
 
618 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 tion of chlorate of potash, two or three drams to the pint, or per- 
 manganate of potash, half a teaspoonful to the pint of water, may 
 be used as a gargle. Severe cases, and all cases in which compli- 
 cations occur, should be placed under the care of a skillful physi- 
 cian. 
 
 During the illness, the greatest pains should be taken to pre- 
 vent the communication of the disease. After recovery, every- 
 thing in and about the sick-room should be burned or thoroughly 
 disinfected. Burning sulphur, used for bleaching purposes, is the 
 best disinfectant for use. To disinfect the room, place a few 
 shovelfuls of wet sand on the floor in the middle of the room. 
 Place in the sand near together several bricks, and on the bricks 
 two or three hot stove-covers, bottom upward. Put the sulphur 
 on these, and there will be no danger of fire. A hot iron kettle 
 answers equally well. Use two ounces of sulphur to each one 
 hundred cubic feet of air to be disinfected. Close the room 
 tightly for twenty-four hours, then ventilate for two days, and 
 scrub and repair the walls. 
 
 Chicken-Pox. — This disease is so rarely fatal that little more 
 than good nursing is required. The child should be kept 
 quiet, and when the fever is high, the body should be cooled by 
 tepid sponging or cool compresses applied over the bowels and 
 changed frequently. The diet should be light until the fever is 
 entirely subdued. 
 
 Infantile Dyspepsia. — The symptoms of dyspepsia, or indi- 
 gestion, in infants are : vomiting ; diarrhea ; constipation ; al- 
 ternate constipation and looseness of the bowels ; green or clay- 
 colored stools ; sour or fetid stools ; curds in the stools ; emacia- 
 tion ; irritability; moaning cry ; feverishness ; capricious appetite; 
 and various symptoms which are usually attributed to worms. 
 
 . A great share of the various illnesses from which children 
 suffer are due to disorders -of digestion. Indeed, a great share of 
 the fatality during the first five years of life may be fairly at- 
 tributed to derangement of the digestive organs, either directly 
 or indirectly. Of the various symptoms mentioned as indicating 
 disorder of digestion in a young child, vomiting is the most com- 
 mon. When the contents of the stomach are acid in conse- 
 quence of fermentation, the vomited .matters are sour. This 
 
622 TSE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 common salt should be added to the water, as directed Under the 
 Miscellaneous Prescriptions. An enema of sweet-oil is also 
 effective. 
 
 In addition to the above measures of treatment, all useful 
 means for improving the general health, such as saline bathj, 
 general massage, sun baths, inunctions, exercise in the open air, 
 etc., should be carefully employed. 
 
 Diarrhea. — This is by far the most common of all the 
 ailments of infants and small children ; and during the month? 
 of July, August, and September, it is responsible for a very large 
 proportion of all the cases of death among this class. The 
 bowels naturally move much more frequently in infants than 
 adults, the number of daily movements varying from three 
 to six. The stools should be deep yellow in color, of the con- 
 sistency of thick gruel, and nearly or quite odorless. Any great 
 departure from these characteristics should be considered abnor- 
 mal and demanding of attention. While the teeth are coming, 
 there will often be a slight tendency to diarrhea, which need not 
 give rise to alarm, as it is productive of no injury. 
 
 The symptoms of diarrhea in young children are, in addition 
 to increased frequency of stools, solid, curdy, green, bilious, 
 mucous, or bad-smelling stools ; pain, as shown by the drawing 
 up of the legs ; in chronic cases, pale, haggard countenance, 
 emaciation, enlarged and tender abdomen, red and glazed tongue, 
 pasty stools. 
 
 Treatment : Errors in diet should be carefully sought for and 
 removed. Sometimes it is necessary to substitute farinaceous 
 food for milk for a few days. This is especially the case when 
 the motions contain many undigested curds with mucus, showing 
 intestinal irritation. Of farinaceous foods, the best is well- 
 boiled oatmeal gruel, carefully strained through a cloth. Some- 
 times graham gruel, prepared in the same way, is preferable. 
 Broths, soups, beef tea, and similar foods must be strictly 
 forbidden. The persistent use of beef tea is often productive 
 of diarrhea. When the discharges are very sour and frothy, 
 the use of lean, raw meat may be resorted to with benefit. The 
 meat should be prepared by scraping out the pulp of a piece 
 of tender steak with a table knife. When thus used, meat 
 
624 ^RE LAMES' GUIDE. 
 
 useful in obstinate cases ; but it is much better that these 
 should be used only when prescribed by a physician, as much harm 
 comes from the perpetual dosing, even with simple remedies, 
 to which so many babies are subjected. 
 
 Dysentery. — The first symptoms are vomiting and purging, 
 the action of the bowels being almost constant. The motions are 
 at first natural, but soon become slimy and streaked with blood. 
 The stools are passed with much straining and tenesmus. The 
 desire to move the bowels becomes almost constant, and is not re- 
 lieved by a passage. The pain increases ; the abdomen becomes 
 swollen and tender ; the mouth becomes sore ; there is much 
 restlessness, fever, and rapid emaciation ; the discharges become 
 offensive ; and complications of the lungs or brain may occur. 
 This disease is a grave one in small chUdren, especially when epi- 
 demic, as is often the case. Its causes are foul air, sewer gas, 
 impure water, bad feeding, insufficient clothing, and perhaps we 
 should add excessive heat, dampness, and dentition, although we 
 do not think the latter causes sufficient in themselves to occasion 
 the disease in the absence of all the other causes mentioned. 
 Feeding children unripe fruit, pastry, and foods to which their 
 digestive organs are not adapted, must be regarded as among the 
 most frequent exciting causes of the disease when there is no epi- 
 demic influence to which to attribute it. 
 
 Treatment : Warm baths, fomentations or large poultices to 
 the bowels, and the hot or cold enema are the best measures of 
 treatment to be suggested. The remarks about diet, etc., made 
 in connection with treatment of diarrhea, apply, for the most part, 
 to this disease as well. When other articles of diet fail, the use 
 of meat juice should be resorted to. If the child does not begin 
 to mend speedily, a careful and competent physician should be 
 called. 
 
 Prolapsus Ani. — Prolapsus of the rectum is a not uncom- 
 mon condition in small children. The condition is usually the 
 result of habitual constipation of the bowels or severe attacks of 
 dysentery or diarrhea, the child being neglected and allowed to 
 strain for a long time. The use of purgative medicines is also a 
 very common cause. 
 
 Treatment : The diet must be so regulated as to produce loose 
 
APPENDIX. 625 
 
 movements of the bowels. Graham flour, cracked wheat, oat- 
 meal, and a plentiful supply of fruit, particularly apples, figs, and 
 prunes, should enter very largely into the dietary. The child 
 should be made to relieve its bowels while lying upon its back 
 and each time the anus protrudes it should be bathed with cold 
 water and pressed back with the oiled finger. When the pro- 
 lapsed bowel does not return readily, the child may be held for 
 a moment with the head downward. The bowels should be 
 kneaded daily to encourage loose movement, and the general 
 health of the child should be improved by a tepid sponging over 
 the surface of the body. It is sometimes necessary to keep the 
 child in bed with its feet raised upon a pillow for several weeks. 
 After the anus has been once prolapsed, great care should be 
 taken to prevent a recurrence of the condition. Chronic and 
 severe cases sometimes require a surgical operation. 
 
 Incontinence of Urine, or Wetting the Bed. — The most 
 common causes of this affection in children are the excessive use 
 of liquids, lying on the back during, sleep, loaded bowels, general 
 debility, and the practice of self-abuse. It is sometimes also 
 associated with other serious diseases, as gravel, and various 
 diseases of the kidneys. 
 
 Treatment : The cause should be sought for and removed. 
 When other causes have been removed, the quantity of fluid 
 should be carefully restricted, especially during the latter part of 
 the day, and the child should be prevented from lying upon the 
 back by tying a roll of cotton or something of similar character 
 over the spine in such a manner as to prevent the child from 
 turning upon its back. In occasional instances the child may 
 have fallen into the habit from carelessness or laziness. In such 
 cases the proper remedy is, of course, correction. 
 
 Colds. — Young children are very subject to colds for several 
 reasons. First, their skins are unusually active and vascular, 
 containing a much larger proportion of blood than those of adults ; 
 second, they are usually improperly clad, the middle portion of 
 the body being so clothed as to induce perspiration, while the 
 arms and legs are left bare ; third, they are rendered susceptible 
 to cold air or draughts by being kept in too warm an atmosphere 
 and not sufficiently exposed to out-of-door air. This suscepti- 
 
626 TBil LAMM' GtTlbM. 
 
 bility to taking cold may be greatly diminished by accustoming 
 the child to a daily bath at a temperature of about 75° to 80.° 
 A little salt added to the water has a tonic effect upon the skin. 
 The idea that such a bath is weakening has been proven fallacious 
 in thousands of instances by sensible mothers who have adopted 
 this plan of protecting their children from one of the greatest 
 causes of fatal disease between the ages of two and five years. 
 The habit of breathing through the mouth, which children 
 are very apt to contract, may also be regarded as a frequent 
 cause of taking cold, especially during the winter months. 
 Children should be taught to inhale through the nose, the natural 
 channel for the inspired air, as by passing over the large mucous 
 surface the air is warmed before entering the lungs, thus prevent- 
 ing congestion, which might give rise to serious inflammation of 
 the air passages, or to pneumonia. 
 
 Treatment : When a cold has been contracted, the child 
 should be at once placed in a hot blanket pack, directions for 
 which are found in this appendix. If the little one is restless, 
 one or both arms may be left out, but should be well covered 
 with a dry blanket. After twenty or thirty minutes, the patient 
 should be taken from the pack, placed between dry blankets, 
 covered warm to continue perspiration, and allowed to go to 
 sleep. The inhalation of the vapor of warm water is very sooth- 
 ing to irritated mucous surfaces. If the throat is the part par- 
 ticularly affected, a local pack should be^ applied, which may con- 
 sist of a towel wrung out of hot water until it will not drip, and 
 then applied to the throat and covered with dry flannels of suffi- 
 cient thickness to retain the heat. A pack should be applied to 
 the chest in a similar way, when the cold seems to have settled 
 upon the lungs. When the child has a hard, dry cough which is 
 somewhat persistent, the blanket pack may be applied once a 
 day for several days, and fomentations may be applied to the 
 chest several times a day, the surface being rubbed with tepid 
 water when the hot cloths are removed. Hot drinks of various 
 sorts are useful to induce a perspiration during the pack, and also 
 to encourage secretion of the pulmonary mucous membranes. 
 
 Nasal Catarrh. — This disease is the result of frequently 
 neglected colds. It is most likely to make its appearance in an 
 
$28 THE LAblES' GVlM. 
 
 effecting a cure by the use of proper local applications. When 
 there is an abundant discharge, a cleansing lotion, followed by a 
 lotion of an astringent character, should be used daily by means 
 of the air atomizer. When the discharge is offensive, a disin- 
 fecting lotion should be used in addition to the cleansing and 
 astringent lotions. When there is dryness of the membrane and 
 scabs are formed, cleansing and stimulating lotions should be 
 employed. A number of excellent preparations to be used in 
 various forms of catarrh, are given in this appendix under the 
 proper heading. 
 
 Earache. — This affection, so frequent in infancy and child- 
 hood, is by no means so trivial as is generally supposed. Chil- 
 dren often cry for hours from the intense pain of earache, 'without 
 the cause being discovered ; and when the discovery is made, 
 they continue to suffer for many hours longer for want of the 
 application of the proper means for relief. Severe pain in the 
 ear is generally due to inflammation of the middle ear, or ear- 
 drum, and when neglected, is likely to give rise to incurable 
 deafness ; hence the importance of giving prompt attention to the 
 matter, and employing such measures as will prevent the frequent 
 recurrence of the affection. One of the most ready means of 
 affording relief is the application of heat. Either dry or moist 
 heat may be applied, sometimes one and sometimes the other 
 being the most efficient. The ear may be syringed gently with 
 warm water with advantage. If the inflammation does not 
 readily yield to this simple means, an ear specialist should be 
 consulted. When a specialist cannot be obtained, the best phy- 
 sician near at hand should be summoned. Among the various 
 domestic remedies, steaming the ear, poulticing with onions, or 
 dropping into it a few drops of laudanum, are the most efficient. 
 We noticed in Germany that acute inflammation of tho middle 
 ear is usually treated with excellent results by the application of 
 ice to the ear. Ice controls inflammation, and fomentations re- 
 lieve the pain. They may be used alternately with advantage, 
 ice being applied most of the time, and fomentations once in an 
 hour or two. 
 
 Discharge from the Ear. — A chronic discharge from the 
 ear is usually found to be the result of acute inflammation ac- 
 
APPENDIX. 629 
 
 companying scarlet fever, measles, and diphtheria, or of a cold. 
 A discharge of this kind is almost always indicative of disease 
 of the middle ear, with rupture of the ear-drum. 
 
 Treatment : The ear should be thoroughly washed each day 
 with soap and water, or a solution of carbonate of soda in water, 
 two teaspoonfuls to the pint, which should be carefully intro- 
 duced into the ear by means of a syringe, the syringe having at- 
 tached to its nozzle a short piece of rubber tubing so as to pre- 
 vent any possibility of injury to the ear. The temperature of 
 the water should be about 100°. After washing, powdered 
 boracic acid should be blown into the ear with a rubber tube. 
 
 Sore Eyes. — The mucous membrane is red and swollen, and 
 covered with a viscid secretion by which the lids are stuck closely 
 together in the morning or when the child awakens from a long 
 sleep. The white of the eye is very greatly congested, and the 
 mucous lining of the lids has a velvety appearance. 
 
 Treatment: The eye should be protected from bright lights, 
 and should be given as perfect rest as possible. A spray of tepid 
 water should be used several times a day by means of the fount- 
 ain douche. Small compresses wet in cold water and changed 
 every few minutes, should be used when the inflammation is 
 quite severe; and should it be very intense, the cloths should be 
 cooled by laying them on blocks of ice. A solution of alum, one 
 or two grains to the ounce, may be dropped into the eye once or 
 twice a day with advantage. 
 
 Croup. — This very fatal malady is far less common than is gen- 
 erally supposed. It is perhaps slightly contagious, and rarely 
 recurs in the same individual. It attacks most frequently chil- 
 dren in their second year, rarely occurring after the fifth year. 
 The leading symptoms are, during the first twenty-four hours 
 those of an ordinary cold with slight sore throat ; on the second 
 day the cough becomes "brassy" or "clangeyj" breathing is 
 hard and prolonged, accompanied by a characteristic sound, of a 
 crowing character ; fever ; great and constant distress for breath ; 
 eyes glassy and lips livid ; inability to speak in a natural tone, 
 voice being very hoarse or husky, or entirely absent. No at- 
 tempt should be made to treat a case of this kind, without the 
 aid of an experienced physician. 4^ 
 
630 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 False or Spasmodic Croup. — This disease closely resembles 
 the preceding in many points, and is often mistaken for it. Ita 
 chief points of difference are, little or no fever, spasmodic diffi- 
 culty in breathing, with intervals of entire relief from the croupy 
 symptoms, sudden appearance of the affection, usually at night, and 
 as sudden disappearance. It generally begins with a slight cold. 
 
 Treatment : Hot and cold applications or fomentations to 
 the throat, and hot and cold applications to the upper part of the 
 spine. A sponge wrung out of hot water is a ready means of 
 fomenting the throat. In the absence of hot water, the moist 
 sponge may be heated by placing it upon a hot stove. An 
 emetic of salt water or a half teaspoonful of powdered alum 
 given in syrup or honey will sometimes aid in cutting short an 
 attack. 
 
 Sore Mouth.. — Of the several varieties of sore mouth to which 
 young children are subject, thrush and aphthae are the most 
 common. The former is a parasitic disease, due to the growth 
 upon the membrane of a vegetable fungus, appearing as small 
 white spots scattered over the mucous membrane. Aphthae ap- 
 pears, first as small blisters, which soon become small ulcers 
 and show no tendency to heal. Thrush is most common in 
 infants during the first six weeks of life. Aphthae may occur at 
 any period of life. The most common cause is disturbance of di- 
 gestion by the use of sweets. 
 
 Treatment : Avoidance of causes, cleansing the mouth thor- 
 oughly by means of a moist rag after each feeding, and applying 
 three or four times a day with a soft rag or a camel's-hair brush 
 a solution of chlorate of potash, one-half dram to the ounce, or 
 better still, a solution of borax in glycerine, one-half dram to the 
 ounce. Attention should also be given to the general health. 
 
 Sore Throat. — The ordinary sore throat with which children are 
 so apt to suffer as the result of taking cold, may be readily cured in 
 most cases by the employment of hot fomentations or hot and 
 cold applications to the throat two or three times a day, a warm 
 bath, and a cold pack to the throat at night. The throat should 
 be bathed in cool water in the morning, and should be well pro- 
 tected during the day. If taken in time, most attacks of sore 
 throat will be cut short in a few hours when thus treated. 
 
APPENDIX. 631 
 
 Applications of Water and Electricity. 
 
 "Water, applied in the various modes in -which, it may be, is 
 one of the most potent of remedies. Wrongly applied, it may be 
 productive of great harm. The following are a few general rules 
 which should always govern its use : — 
 
 1. Never bathe when exhausted or within three hours after 
 eating, unless the bath be confined to a very small portion of the 
 body. 
 
 2. Never bathe when cooling off after profuse sweating, as 
 reaction will then often be deficient. 
 
 3. Always wet the head before taking any form of bath, to 
 prevent determination of blood to the head. 
 
 4. If the bath be a warm one, always conclude it with an ap- 
 plication of water which is a few degrees cooler than the bodily 
 temperature. 
 
 5. Be careful to thoroughly dry the patient after his bath, 
 rubbing vigorously, to prevent chilling. 
 
 6. The most favorable time for taking a bath is between the 
 hours of ten and twelve in the forenoon. 
 
 7. The temperature of the room should be at about 85" or 
 90° F. 
 
 8. Baths should usually be of a temperature which will be 
 the most agreeable to the patient. Cold baths are seldom re- 
 quired. Too much hot bathing is debilitating. 
 
 The Sponge or Hand Bath. — Soft water, a soft sponge, or a 
 linen or cotton cloth, and one or two soft towels, or a sheet, are 
 the requisites. The hand may be used in the absence of a cloth 
 or a sponge for applying the water. 
 
 The temperature of the bath should not be above 95*, and 90* 
 is generally better. Most people can habitually employ a tem- 
 perature of 75° or 80° without injury, and some receive most 
 benefit from a still lower temperature. The use of a much lower 
 temperature is not commonly advisable, however, and is often 
 productive of great injury. 
 
 Begin the bath, as usual, by wetting the head, saturating the 
 
PLATE M. 
 
APPMNDIX. 639 
 
 perature must be such as will be most agreeable at first, being 
 gradually increased. We have found that a temperature of 120° 
 will be tolerated well after a few weeks. After introducing the 
 catheter, emptj the bladder and then connect the syringe tube, 
 first being careful to see that all air has been excluded and al- 
 lowing the fluid to run until the stream is of the same tempera- 
 ture as the contents of the syringe. Let the bladder fill very 
 slowly, by regulating the height of the syringe. In case the blad- 
 der has become contracted, the reservoir must be raised higher 
 from day to day, and the patient must be instructed to retain the 
 contents of the bladder as long as possible. 
 
 Various medicaments should be added to the water used in 
 the douche, according to the conditions present. An irritable 
 bladder requires soothing remedies. If there is much mucus in 
 the urine, astringents and alternatives are required. If the urine 
 is acid, alkaline lotions must be used. The injections should 
 never be strong enough to give pain, and should be introduced 
 with great care. For ordinary cleansing, use a solution of common 
 salt in the proportion of a dram of salt to the pint of water. 
 
 Postural Treatment and Massage. 
 
 These two measures of treatment are invaluable as means of 
 effecting a permanent cuie of the numerous maladies which 
 afflict womankind. By postural treatment we designate certain 
 forms of exercise in which the body is placed in special positions 
 or attitudes. We shall not attempt to describe all of the various 
 modifications of special exercises which can be taken with bene- 
 fit, but only such as we deem most important. The special 
 object of these exercises is to strengthen the abdominal muscles 
 and natural supports of the womb and to facilitate the restora- 
 tion of the displaced womb or ovaries to their proper position. 
 
 To Strengthen the Muscles of the Trunk. — 1. The patient 
 should lie upon the floor or a hard couch or mattress. The feet 
 should be placed together and the arms extended by the side. 
 Now raise one arm to a vertical position. The motion should be 
 made slowly, a deep inspiration being made at the same time, 
 the arm returning to its position by the side as the lungs are 
 
APPENDIX. 643 
 
 of the abdomen and extending upward to the ribs, across to the 
 opposite side, thence down to a corresponding point upon the left 
 side. Gentle percussion of the bowels, increased as the patient 
 is able to bear it, is a good measure. Percussions may also be 
 applied to the back with benefit. The exercise should be con- 
 tinued for fifteen to thirty minutes, and may be employed with 
 advantage at least twice a day, preferably two hours after break- 
 fast and after retiring at night. 
 
 Massage of the Womb. — This new application of massage 
 has won many brilliant successes in the hands of skillful opera- 
 tors. There are three modifications of the treatment ; external, 
 internal, and the two combined. Only external massage can be 
 properly employed by untrained persons. The operation consists 
 in grasping the uterus between the two hands, first compress- 
 ing it and then applying a rolling motion. This should be alter- 
 nated every minute or two with an upward movement applied 
 with both hands in such a manner as to lift the womb from the 
 pelvis. To facilitate the treatment, the patient should lie with 
 the hips elevated upon a pillow or cushion. 
 
 The movements should be applied with care and great gentle- 
 ness at first, and no violence should over be emjdoyed. The 
 treatment may be continued from ten minutes to half an hour 
 twice a day. The patient should rest in a horizontal position 
 for half an hour after the conclusion of the treatment. 
 
 Miscellaneous Remedies and Prescriptions, 
 
 The following prescriptions for medicated enemata will be 
 found very useful for the purposes suggested, as we have abun- 
 dantly proven by frequent use: — 
 
 Soap and Water Enema.— Make a pretty strong solution of 
 castile soap in warm, soft water. Use one pint to two quarts as 
 may be necessary to secure a movement of the bowels. Useful 
 in obstinate constipation. In very obstinate cases, common soap 
 may be used instead of castile soap, being more powerful. 
 
 Camphor Water Enema.— To half a glassful of water, add ten 
 to thirty drops of spirits of camphor, and inject into the rec- 
 
644 THE LADIES GUIDE. 
 
 turn half an hour after breakfast, — a most valuable remedy -when 
 constipation is the result of want of sensibility of the lower por- 
 tion of the intestines. In severe cases the same quantity of cam- 
 phor-water should be injected into the rectum in the evening and 
 retained during the night. 
 
 Glycerine Enema. — One to two tablespoonfuls of glycerine 
 should be used, with three or four times as much water. It ia 
 of service in the same class of cases as the preceding. 
 
 Linseed Tea Enema. — Boil a handful of linseed in a gallon 
 of water. Use as an ordinary enema. Useful in cases of hem- 
 orrhoids and fissure of the rectum. 
 
 Quassia Enema. — Prepare in the same way as the above. 
 After washing out the bowels thoroughly, inject slowly as much 
 as the bowels will hold. This is the very best remedy for "seat" 
 or "pin" worms. 
 
 Starch Enema. — Half a teaspoonful of corn starch; two 
 tablespoonfuls of water ; stir until smooth; add half a pint of 
 boiling water. Use two to four tablespoonfuls in administering 
 medicine by enema. 
 
 Lotions for Use in Cancer of the Breast. — The following 
 remedies are very useful for the purposes named, in the treat- 
 ment of cancer of the breast: — 
 
 9. Ex. Bella., dr. 1. 
 
 Ex. Stramon., dr. 1. 
 
 Vaseline, oz. 1. M. 
 
 To be used as an ointment over the affected breast before ulceration 
 has begun. Excellent to relieve pain arising from the rapid growth of the 
 cancer. 
 
 J*. Sugar of lead, gr. 15. 
 
 Aquae, oz. 1. M. 
 
 Apply three or four times a day to the ulcerated surface to relieve pain. 
 
 J*. Chloral hydrate, gr. 5. 
 
 Vaseline, - oz. 1. M. 
 
 Apply to the ulcerated surface when foul smelling. Will correct the 
 fetor and allay pain. 
 
 pr. Iodoform, dr. 1. 
 
 Acacia (pulv.), oz. 1. M. 
 
 Sprinkle over foul discharging surface for same purpose as preceding. 
 
 p. Permanganate of potash, oz. 1. 
 
 Aquas, pt. X M. 
 
 Add two tablespoonfuls to a pint of water and use by injections daily 
 in cases of cancer of the womb with foul smelling discharge. Solution will 
 stain linen and skin. 
 
APPENDIX. 645 
 
 i*. Ac. Carbolic, f . oz. 1. 
 
 Glycerine, f. oz. 4. 
 
 Aquae, f . oz. 10. M. 
 
 Add two tablespoonfuls to a pint of water, mix well, and inject for 
 panic, purposes as above. Does not stain. 
 
 &. Tannic Acid, oz. 1. 
 
 Aquae, f. oz. 4. M. 
 
 Inject to relieve hemorrhage in cancer of the womb. 
 
 For Sore Nipples. — The following are a few of the most 
 evident remedies for use in cases of sore or cracked nipples: — 
 
 J*. Alum or Borax, gr. 15. 
 
 Whisky, f. oz. 1. M. 
 
 Apply to surface twice a day when tender but not raw, for the purpose 
 of hardening. 
 
 tl. Zinc, Sulphas, gr. 10. 
 
 Aquae, f. oz. 3. M. 
 
 Apply daily when slightly abraded or cracked. 
 
 Jk, Tannic Acid, gr. 1 5. 
 
 Glycerine, f . oz. 1, M. 
 
 Apply after cleansing part, twice a day. 
 
 J*. Tannic Acid, dr. 3. 
 
 Glycerine, f. dr. 1. 
 
 Aquae, f. dr. 8. M. 
 
 Rub on nipple twice a day, during last month of pregnancy, to harden 
 it and prepare for nursing. 
 
 Add to above preparation enough vaseline to make a thick ointment 
 and build up around the nipple when cracked or sore. 
 
 Vaginal Lotions. — The following are a few of the most serv- 
 iceable prescriptions for use by injection into the vagina in the 
 treatment of vaginal and uterine affections: — 
 
 ft. Tannic Acid, oz. 2. 
 
 Glycerine, f.oz. 1. M. 
 
 Add a teaspoonful to a pint of cold water, and use daily after hot 
 douche in mild cases of leucorrhcea. 
 
 &. Boracic Acid, oz. 1. 
 
 Aquae, pts. 2. M. 
 
 Inject one-half pint after hot douche daily, in leucorrhcea, particularly 
 when there is an acid or irritating discharge. 
 
 &. Alum, dr. 9. 
 
 Ac Tannic, dr. 1. 
 
 AquaB, pt. 1. M. 
 
 Use after hot douche daily, in leucorrhcea or chronic congestion of the 
 wpmb. 43 
 
APPENDIX. 649 
 
 ?k. Ex. Bella., gr. 4. 
 
 Tannic Acid, gr. 13. 
 
 Sugar, gr. 4. 
 
 White wax, dr. 1. 
 
 Cacao Butter, dr. 4. M. 
 
 Melt and cool in four paper cones. Useful in cases in which there is 
 pain accompanied by leucorrhcea. Also excellent for use by the rectum in 
 cases of hemorrhoids. Use daily. 
 
 #. Ex. Bella., gr. 4. 
 
 Iodoform, gr. 30. 
 
 White Wax, dr. 1. 
 
 Cacao Butter, dr. 4. M. 
 
 Melt and cool in four paper cones. This is one of the most useful pre- 
 scriptions for the relief of pain. 
 
 For Bladder Douche.— The following are a few of the pre- 
 scriptions which we have found of greatest service in the treat- 
 ment of cases requiring the use of the bladder douche : — 
 
 (fc. Common salt, dr. 1. 
 
 Aquae, pt. 1. M. 
 
 Excellent for simply cleansing the bladder, or distending it when con- 
 tracted. 
 
 jk. Potass. Chloras, dr. J£. 
 
 Aquae, pt. 1. 
 
 Useful for the same purpose as the preceding. 
 
 ?k. Cider Vinegar, f . dr. 4. 
 
 Aquae, pt. 1. M. 
 
 Use when urine is alkaline, having an ammoniacal odor. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. 
 
 Useful as a cleansing injection, and in cases of acute catarrh of the 
 bladder. 
 
 jk. Ex. Hydrastis (aqueous), f. dr. 3. 
 
 Aquas, pt. 1. M. 
 
 Useful in chronic catarrh of the bladder. The strength may be in- 
 creased by degrees. 
 
 Jk. 
 
 Bi-earbonate of soda, 
 Aquas, 
 
 
 pt. 
 
 16. 
 1. 
 
 Use when urine is acid, or shows 
 
 a brick-dust deposit. 
 
 9>. 
 
 Tannic Acid, 
 Aquas, 
 
 
 gr- 
 Pt- 
 
 16. 
 1. 
 
 Use in 
 
 cases of chronic catarrh of the bladder. 
 
 
 
 9- 
 
 Boracic Acid, 
 Aquas, 
 
 
 dr. 
 pt. 
 
 1. 
 1. 
 
650 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 For Constipation. — 
 
 5t. Brown sugar, Tablespoonful 1. 
 
 Water, pt. 1. M. 
 
 Use when there is want of desire for movement of bowels. 
 
 Jk. Common salt, dr. 1. 
 
 Aquae, pt. 1. M. 
 
 Use same as preceding. 
 
 For Catarrh. — The following are a few of the many prescrip- 
 tions which we have found efficacious in the treatment of nasal and 
 pharyngeal catarrh. 
 
 H. Borax, dr. 1. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda, dr. 1. 
 
 Glycerine, f. oz. X- 
 Aquae, pt. 1. M. 
 
 An excellent cleansing solution, to be used in cases of chronic catarrh as 
 a preparation for the application of other remedies. Use with atomizer. 
 
 J*. Chlorate of Potash, dr. 1. 
 
 pt. 1. M. 
 
 Use with atomizer in cases of catarrh with an irritating discharge. 
 
 ?k. Tannin, dr. }£. 
 
 f . oz. 10. M. 
 
 Use with atomizer after cleansing solution in cases in which there is a 
 profuse discharge. 
 
 J». Oil Eucalyptus dr. }£. 
 
 Oil Petrolina, f. oz. 3. M. 
 
 Use with atomizer in cases of dry catarrh. 
 
 1$. Potass. Permanganate, dr. J^. 
 
 Aquae, f. oz. 12. M. 
 
 Use with spray after cleansing solution in cases of ozena, or nasal 
 catarrh with offensive breath. 
 
 {►. BoracicAcid, dr. 1. 
 
 Powdered Gum Acacia, dr. 2. M. 
 
 Use as a snuff in cases of catarrh with offensive discharges, after 
 cleansing. 
 
 For Mouth, and Throat. — The following prescriptions we have 
 tested by experience, and know to be of real value in the treatment 
 of the conditions for which they are recommended. 
 
 J>. Borax, dr. %• 
 
 Glycerine, f. oz. 1. M. 
 
 Apply with camel's-hair brush in thrush or aphthae. 
 
APPENDIX. 651 
 
 &. „ Chlorate of Potash, dr. 1. 
 
 Aquse, f. oz. 4. M. 
 
 Use as gargle In sore mouth or sore throat. 
 
 Jfc. Acid Carbolic, dr. J^. 
 
 Glycerine, f. oz. 1. 
 
 Aquae, f. oz. 3. M. 
 
 Apply to throat In severe diphtheria with fetid breath, by mean3 of 
 atomizer or swab. 
 
 Jk. Chlorinated Soda Solution, oz. }{ 
 
 Aquas, f. oz. S. M. 
 
 Use as gargle or with atomizer in diphtheria when the breath is foul. 
 
 Jl. Acid Tannic, gr. 10. 
 
 Glycerine, f. oz. 1. M. 
 
 Apply to back of throat with brush in cases of chronic sore throat. 
 
 9- Chloride of Sodium (common salt), dr. )i. 
 
 Aquae, f. oz. 2. M. 
 
 Inhale spray with atomizer three times a day for acute hoarseness from 
 & cold. 
 
 (*. Acid Tannic, gr. 3. 
 
 Aquae, f. oz. 1. M. 
 
 Inhale spray daily for chronic sore throat and hoarseness. 
 
 J*. Alum, gr. 5. 
 
 Aquse, f. oz. 1. M. 
 
 Use for same purpose as the preceding. 
 
 Lime-Water. — 
 
 9. Best White Quicklime, lb. 1. 
 
 Aquse, gal. 1. M. 
 
 Let stand- in earthen jar 24 hours, shaking occasionally. When settled 
 •clear, turn off the clear solution, and keep in a well-stoppered bottle. For 
 use in treatment of infantile dyspepsia and diarrhea, and in diphtheria and 
 •croup. 
 Disinfectant Lotions.— 
 
 9. Copperas, lb. 2. 
 
 Water, gal. 1. M. 
 
 Disinfectant lotion for use with scarlet fever and diphtheria patients, as 
 directed. 
 
 J*. Sulphate of Zinc, lb. }£• 
 
 Aquae, gal. 1. M. 
 
 Disinfectant lotion for cleansing cloths used in connection with diph- 
 theria and scarlet fever patients. 
 
 (*. Potassium Permanganate, oz. 2. 
 
 Aquse, gal. 1. M. 
 
 Keep in jug or glass bottle. A teacupful should be placed in the vessel 
 which receives the discharges of a diphtheritic or scarlet fever patient. 
 
 
 
652 THE LADIES' GUILE. 
 
 Miscellaneous. — The following miscellaneous prescriptions 
 include, among others, those which have been referred to in the 
 preceding pages of this work : — 
 
 P> Iodoform, dr. %• 
 
 Vaseline, dr. 4%. M. 
 
 Useful in cases of painful connection, or vaginismus. The ointment 
 should be applied on a little plug of charpie, which should be gradually in- 
 creased in size from day to day until the painful contraction is overcome. 
 If the odor is very objectionable, a little Balsam of Peru may be added. 
 
 J*. Ex. Bella., dr. 2. 
 
 Vaseline, oz. 1. M. 
 
 Apply on charpie as directed for the preceding. 
 
 &. Borax, dr. 1. 
 
 Aquae, oz. 4. M. 
 
 Apply to the vulva when irritable from inflammation, using lint or soft 
 linen cloths for the purpose. 
 
 Jk. Acid Boracic, dr. 1. 
 
 Aquse, oz. 4. M. 
 
 Apply same as preceding, and for same purpose. 
 
 &. Ac. Carbolic, f. dr. 1. 
 
 Glycerine, f. oz. 1. 
 
 Aquse, f. oz. 15. M. 
 
 Apply with lint or soft cloths in cases of inflammation of the vulva. 
 
 Salt Glow. — The external application of salt by nibbing dry- 
 salt upon the skin vigorously is one of the best methods of stim- 
 ulating the circulation and proper secretion of the skin. 
 
APPENDIX. 653 
 
 Dtaefiil fptetttic %ZKXpt$* 
 
 BREADS. 
 
 Soft Biscuit, or Waffles. — Into one part of cold soft water stir 
 two parts of graham or whole-wheat flour. Sift slowly in with 
 one hand while stirring with the other, thus endeavoring to get 
 in as much air as possible. If flour made from red wheat is used, 
 a little less water will be required. The batter should be thick 
 enough so that it will not settle flat. If it is too thin, the waf- 
 fles will be flat and blistered ; if too thick, they will be tough and 
 heavy. Bake in cast-iron gem-pans, in a very Lot oven, though 
 the heat should not be sufficient to brown them in less than fif- 
 teen minutes, and they are better to bake twenty-live or thirty 
 minutes; a longer time toughens the crust. They should be 
 baked on the top first, to prevent the escape of air and steam. 
 The pans should be heated very hot before dropping tLe batter in. 
 To prevent sticking, smear with sweet-oil or fresh butter, and 
 when thoroughly heated, carefully wipe away as much as possible 
 of the oil. 
 
 Rice Waffles. — Take one part of boiled rice to three parts of 
 water, and stir in sufficient graham or whole-wheat flour to make 
 a batter a little thicker than when the flour is used alone. Bake 
 the same as described above. Hominy and pearl barley may be 
 used in the same manner. 
 
 Oatmeal Breakfast Cake. — Saturate oatmeal of medium fine- 
 ness with water. Pour the batter into a shallow baking-dish, 
 and shake down level. It should be wet enough so that when 
 this is done a little water will stand on the top. Bake twenty 
 minutes in a quick oven. It may also be baked in fifteen min- 
 utes on the top of the stove in a covered dish 
 
 Graham Breakfast Bolls. — Make a stiff batter with cold water, 
 work in as much flour as will knead well, and then knead for 
 twenty minutes or half an hour. Make into rolls one-half inch 
 to two inches in thickness, and bake in a hot oven on a grate or 
 baking-pan dusted with flour, laying them a little distance apart. 
 Excellent rolls may be made by kneading flour into cold graham, 
 cornmeal, or oatmeal pudding. 
 
 Busk. — Bread and crackers may be made into granola by 
 first drying till brown, and then .grinding in a coffee or hand mill. 
 
654 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 This is a very serviceable article for thickening puddings, soups 
 etc. May be eaten with hot milk. 
 
 Graham Crisps. — Mix graham flour and cold water into a very 
 stiff dough. Knead, roll very thin, and bake quickly in a 
 hot oven. Excellent food for dyspeptics. 
 
 Oatmeal Crisps. — Into oatmeal mush, or scalded oatmeal, 
 knead a small quantity of graham flour. Eoll very thin, prick 
 with a fork, and bake upon a grate. Be careful that they do not 
 burn. They are very tender and crisp when warm. If they are 
 kept several days, place in the oven a few minutes just before 
 they are to be eaten. 
 
 Graham and Oatmeal Crackers. — No. 1. Equal parts of gra- 
 ham flour and oatmeal made as directed for graham crackers are 
 very tender. 
 
 No. 2. Work graham flour into oatmeal mush, forming a 
 pretty stiff dough, and kneading well. Bake in a moderate oven 
 until nicely brown. 
 
 Diabetic Bread. — Make a dough of equal parts of flour and 
 water. (The new-process spring wheat flour, whole-wheat flour, 
 or graham flour should be used.) Let the dough stand three 
 hours, then place on a sieve under a stream of water until all the 
 starch is washed out, which will be indicated by the water run- 
 ning off clear. Add enough coarse middlings so that the dough 
 can be rolled into thin cakes and bake on tins. Salt and a lit- 
 tle cream or butter may be added to make it more palatable, if 
 desired. 
 
 GRUELS. 
 
 Beef Tea and Oatmeal. — Beat two tablespoonfuls of fine oat- 
 meal with two spoonfuls of cold water until very smooth, then 
 add a pint of hot beef tea. Boil together six or eight minutes, 
 stirring constantly. Strain through a fine sieve. 
 
 Milk Gruel. — Into a pint of scalding milk stir two tablespoon- 
 fuls of fine oatmeal. Add a pint of boiling water, and boil until 
 the meal is thoroughly cooked. 
 
 Oatmeal Gruel. — Stir two tablespoonfuls of coarse oatmeal into 
 a quart of boiling water, and let it simmer at least two hours. 
 Strain if preferred. 
 
 Rice Gruel. — Soak two tablespoonfuls of fine rice for half an 
 hour in cold water. Pour off the water, add a pint of milk, and 
 let it simmer until the rice is tender. Press through a sieve, and 
 
656 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Sago Jelly. — Simmer gently in a pint of water two tablespoon- 
 fuls of sago until it thickens, frequently stirring. A little sugar 
 may be added if desired. 
 
 DRINKS. 
 
 Tapioca Milk. — Put an ounce of best tapioca into a pint and 
 a quarter of fresh, milk, and let it simmer gently for two hours 
 and fifteen minutes, stirring frequently. Sweeten to the taste. 
 
 Bran Tea. — Take three tablespoonfuls of bran (not very coarse) 
 and put it in a jug. Add to it one quart of boiling water, cover 
 the jug, and allow the mixture to stand for half an hour. Strain 
 and sweeten to the taste. 
 
 Rice Water. — Put three ounces of good rice into a quart of 
 boiling water, and let it boil for an hour. Strain, sweeten, and 
 flavor with a little lemon. 
 
 Apple and Toast Water. — Peel and quarter a pound of sub- 
 acid apples, bake them, and put them in a jar; add half a pound 
 of sugar, and a piece of bread toasted until it is dark brown ; 
 then pour a gallon of boiling water over them, and leave them to 
 cool. When cold, press through a colander. A quarter of a 
 pound of pearl barley added instead of the bread is very good. 
 It should boil for an hour to cook the barley. 
 
 Tamarind Water. — Take two ounces of tamarinds and one- 
 fourth of a pound of stoned raisins ; boil them in a quart and a 
 half of water for an hour j strain, and when cold it is ready for 
 use. 
 
 Currant Water. — Take the juice of one pound of fresh cur- 
 rants and a few raspberries, one-half a pound of granulated sugar 
 and a gallon of cold water ; stir till mixed well. 
 
 Toast Water. — Brown a few crusts a nice, deep brown, but do 
 not allow to blacken or burn. Break into small pieces, and put 
 into a jar. Pour over the pieces a quart of boiling water ; cover 
 the jar and let the mixture remain until cold. When strained, it 
 will be ready for use. 
 
 Lemonade. — Mix the slices and juice of two lemons with three 
 spoonfuls of refined sugar, and add a pint of cold or iced water. 
 
 Hot Lemonade. — Take two thin slices and the juice of one 
 lemon ; mix with two teaspoonfuls of granulated sugar, and add 
 one-half pint of boiling water. 
 
65 8 THE LADIES GUIDE. 
 
 Beef Tea. — For every quart of tea desired, use one pound of 
 fresh beef from which all fat, bones, and sinews have been care- 
 fully removed. Cut the beef into pieces a quarter of an inch 
 square, or grind in a sausage-grinder, and soak over night in a 
 small quantity of water (a pint will do). Take the beef out and 
 let it simmer gently in a larger quantity of water for two or 
 three hours, replacing from time to time the water lost by evap- 
 oration. Afterward pour together the boiling liquor and the 
 cold liquid in which the beef was soaked. 
 
 Another Method. — Take a pound of fresh beef prepared as 
 above, and mix with a pint of cold water. Let it stand an hour; 
 then pour into a glass fruit-can, or large-mouthed stone jar, and 
 place in a vessel of water ; let it heat on the stove another hour, 
 being careful not to allow it to boil. Strain through a fine cloth 
 or filter before using. 
 
 Beef Juice. — Cut a pound of lean beef into small pieces, put 
 into a bottle and cork it up ; place the bottle in a dish containing 
 a little cold water, and allow it to stand over the fire until it 
 boils. 
 
 Number ' 2. — Select a thick, tender piece of steak, free 
 from fat. Hold over the coals for two or three minutes. Press 
 the juice out with a lemon squeezer. Much more nourishing than 
 beef tea or any variety of "beef extract." 
 
 Milk Diet. — There are occasionally cases in which great ad- 
 vantage is gained by the employment of an almost exclusive milk 
 diet. Usually it is necessary to take the milk in moderate 
 quantity, using a little other food at first. In the course of a 
 week all other food may be withdrawn, and the quantity of milk 
 may be gradually increased to four quarts a day. Milk is easily 
 digested, and hence may be taken at more frequent intervals 
 than other food. 
 
 Lime- Water and Milk. — In case in which milk sours or 
 forms large curds in the stomach, lime-water may be added in 
 such proportions as may be necessary. A tablespoonful of lime- 
 water to a gobletful of milk is usually enough, but some cases re- 
 quire at least one-fourth as much lime-water as milk. 
 
 The lime-water may be made by slacking in a gallon jar a 
 piece of lime of the size of the fist. The jar should be kept cov- 
 ered. After standing over night to settle well, the lime-water is 
 ready to be used. It can be decanted or drawn off with a sy- 
 phon. 
 
 Koumyss. — Dissolve one teaspoonful of yeast and two tea- 
 spoonfuls of sugar in three tablespoonfuls of warm (not hot) 
 
APPENDIX. 659 
 
 water ; pour into a quart bottle and add milk sufficient to 
 fill the same. Let it ferment from three to six hours, cork 
 tightly, and tie the cork in. Put in a cool place not above 60°, 
 and let it remain a week, when it will be ready for use. It is 
 much better and smoother to ferment slowly. 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR NUTRITIVE INJECTIONS, 
 
 Pancreas and Meat Solution. — Take fresh beef pancreas, 
 carefully remove all fat, cut two ounces (about two heaping ta- 
 blespoonfuls) into very small pieces. Take of finely scraped or 
 ground beef, also free from fat and sinew, double the quantity of 
 pancreas. Mix with two-thirds of a teacupful of warm (not hot) 
 water. Stir until well broken up. Inject into the rectum 
 through a large tube. About half should be injected at once, 
 and the injection should be made slowly, so as to prevent its dis- 
 charge before absorption has taken place. If necessary, a napkin 
 should be held against the anus until the disposition of the bow- 
 els to move ceases. 
 
 Pancreas and Cream. — Chop very fine three ounces of fresh 
 beef pancreas. Add two tablespoonfuls of warm water and a 
 teacupful of sweet cream. Mix thoroughly in a small pail. 
 Cover and place in a pan of water blood- warm. Keep at this 
 temperature for from one-half to three-quarters of an hour, stir- 
 Ting frequently. At the end of this time strain through a coarse 
 colander, rubbing through as much as possible of the pancreas, 
 and inject into the rectum. If the patient will not retain all at 
 first, use half the quantity, keeping the balance in a refrigerator 
 until needed for use. Then warm to the proper temperature and 
 inject as before. 
 
 Beef Tea and Egg. — Beat lightly one egg with four table- 
 spoonfuls of strong beef tea. Inject as directed before. This is 
 the most nourishing of any preparation which can be employed 
 for this purpose, and as it is easily prepared should be resorted 
 to whenever a patient cannot be nourished by the stomach. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 White Of Egg. — Stir the white of an egg into a tumblerful 
 of cool water, or water warm as it can be without coagulating 
 the egg. Give to infants suffering from extreme disorder of di- 
 gestion and unable to take milk. This simple mixture has saved 
 many an infant's life. 
 
APPENDIX. 661 
 
 ^ntisvptu gittMEeKg* 
 
 Within the last thirty years it has been demonstrated 
 beyond all reasonable doubt that a large share of the gravest 
 complications of childbirth are due to germ infection. 
 
 The original source of germ infection may be the physi- 
 cian, the midwife, or the patient. It has not infrequently 
 happened that case after case of puerperal fever has occurred 
 in quick succession in the practice of a physician or a mid- 
 wife, the infection being evidently carried from one patient. 
 to another by the medical attendant. It is known, however, 
 that germs which are capable of producing inflammation, 
 blood poisoning, and even death, are constantly found upon 
 and about the external organs of generation ; they may even 
 be found in the vagina. It is thus evident that infection 
 may occur, even though the medical attendant be free from 
 infectious germs. 
 
 The introduction of aseptic and antiseptic midwifery has 
 resulted in the saving of many thousands of lives and of a 
 vast deal of suffering, as not infrequently the inflammations- 
 which follow infection during childbirth give rise to pelvic 
 disorders, which, if not immediately fatal, cripple a woman 
 for life, generally rendering her sterile and a constant sufferer. 
 Not infrequently it has fallen to the lot of the writer to be 
 called upon to perform grave surgical operations for the 
 removal of the Fallopian tubes and ovaries as the only means 
 of relieving a patient who had suffered for half a score of 
 years or more as the result of infection at childbirth. 
 
 It has been proven again and again in lying-in hospitals, as 
 well as in private practice, that by sufficiently careful attention 
 to the exclusion of germs it is possible to exclude fevers and 
 inflammatory troubles following childbirth almost altogether ; 
 so that in some cases many hundreds of consecutive confine- 
 ments have been reported without a single death. This great 
 43 
 
APPENDIX. 663 
 
 chemical substances used for the antiseptic solution. Water 
 must be boiled thirty minutes. After boiling, it should be 
 put into perfectly clean, new jugs, which have been previously 
 boiled and corked up to be ready for use when wanted. It is 
 better that the water should be freshly boiled ; it should not, 
 at any rate, be more than two or three days old. 
 
 2. Soap. — With the soap use a new nail-brush, or, if a 
 new nail-brush cannot be obtained, the old one should be 
 thoroughly boiled or soaked for twenty-four hours in a strong 
 antiseptic solution ; a 1-2500 solution bichloride of mercury 
 is preferable. Ordinary yellow soap is better than toilet soap, 
 and quite as good as any soap called antiseptic soap, since 
 the amount of antiseptic contained in such soaps is not suf- 
 ficient to be of any special value. 
 
 For applying the soap in shampooing the patient a handful 
 of excelsior which has been boiled and made into a nice wad 
 for the purpose, or a freshly boiled ' ' loofah, " should be used 
 in preference to an old shampoo brush. 
 
 3. Antiseptic Solutions. — Of these, the best is corrosive 
 sublimate. For use as a vaginal douche, a solution consisting 
 of one part of bichloride of mercury to 5000 parts of water 
 should be used. For external application, a solution of 
 double strength should be used. It should be remembered, 
 however, that this solution is highly poisonous, and never 
 should be placed in contact with the eyes or mouth of the 
 patient, nor introduced into the rectum ; and whenever it is 
 used in the vagina, at the conclusion of the application a 
 quantity of boiled water should be introduced to remove it. 
 For a 1-5000 solution, use three grains to the quart. When 
 ordinary boiled water is used, and not distilled water, it is 
 well to add a teaspoonful of salt to each quart to secure 
 prompt and permanent solution. When solutions of cor- 
 rosive sublimate are made up in advance, in fact, under all 
 circumstances, it is important to add some coloring matter so 
 that the solution, which is colorless, shall not be mistaken for 
 ordinary water, and thus be inadvertently swallowed, as death 
 may easily result from such an error. The best material to 
 
APPENDIX. 665 
 
 vision of a physician or a trained nurse. In cases in which 
 there is suspicion of disease of the kidneys, and in cases in 
 which there have been extensive lacerations of the vagina or 
 uterus, its use is accompanied by very great risk. It is also 
 sometimes impossible to obtain this drug, hence it is impor- 
 tant to know that there are other substances which can very 
 well replace it. One of the very best of these is that which 
 we shall next mention. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper. — This substance, commonly known as 
 blue vitriol, is an excellent substitute for bichloride of mer- 
 ■cury, or corrosive sublimate. It must, however, be used in 
 much larger proportion. The quantity required for each 
 quart is seventy-five grains or five drams per gallon. It may 
 be used in the same way as corrosive sublimate, with the ex- 
 ception that it never can be used in connection with soap, 
 with which it forms hard curds which adhere to the skin. 
 
 Permanganate of Potash. — This is an excellent germicide, 
 and has the great advantage that it is almost wholly free from 
 poisonous properties. It should be used in the strength of 
 •eight grains to the quart. It is preferable to all other sub- 
 stances in cases in which a fetid discharge is present either 
 before or after confinement. 
 
 Boric Acid. — This substance has very feeble germicidal 
 properties, but is, nevertheless, of some value, since it pre- 
 vents the development of germs to a very considerable extent, 
 •even though it does not destroy them. It must be used, how- 
 ever, in a very strong solution ; one and one third ounces to 
 the quart is the proper strength. 
 
 Preparations for an aseptic and antiseptic confinement 
 ought to begin, if possible, at least a few days before the 
 delivery. Everything about the lying-in room should be 
 put in perfect order, and in the most sanitary condition 
 possible. 
 
 Dusty carpets, rags, and drapery should be removed. The 
 dust should be removed with moist or damp cloths, not with a 
 cluster. The bed should be provided with a freshly renovated 
 mattress, freshly washed bedclothing, and everything should 
 
666 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 be scrupulously clean. Old feather beds and straw beds must 
 be removed. 
 
 Next comes disinfection. The nurse or attendant must, 
 first of all, be sure that she has omitted no precaution 
 necessary to secure absolute personal cleanliness. A thorough 
 bath, clean clothing, and a thorough cleansing of the hands 
 are requisites. More particular instruction upon further 
 details are important. 
 
 Disinfection of the Hands. — Clean the nails as thoroughly 
 as possible with a wooden or quill toothpick or some other 
 suitable and not sharp instrument. Scrub the hands and 
 forearms very thoroughly with hot soap suds, using ordinary 
 yellow washing soap and a thoroughly aseptic brush, as indi- 
 cated above. The water employed should be as hot as can be 
 borne. Use plenty of soap, and give special attention to the 
 nails, which should be cut short preparatory to the scrubbing. 
 
 After the hands have been thoroughly cleansed in this 
 way, pour over them a small quantity of saturated solution of 
 borax and carbonate of ammonia, rubbing in the solution well. 
 Dip in boiled water for a second, then immerse in a hot 
 1-2500 bichloride of mercury solution for two minutes. In 
 the absence of bichloride of mercury, use a permanganate of 
 potash solution, eight grains to the quart. The forearms as 
 well as the hands must be covered with the solution. A per- 
 manganate of potash solution will color the skin brown. If 
 the brown color is uniform, it is an indication that the scrub- 
 bing has been well done and that all fat has been removed from 
 the skin. If the skin appears mottled, the brown color not be- 
 ing uniform, the scrubbing should be renewed and the disinfec- 
 tion repeated as before. After the delivery is completed and 
 the patient cared for, the brown color of the skin may be easily 
 removed by bathing the hands and arms with a hot solution 
 of oxalic acid. 
 
 The physician before examining the patient should cleanse 
 his hands in precisely the same manner, and the nurse should 
 renew the cleansing of the hands whenever they become soiled 
 by contact with infected materials. 
 
670 
 
 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2 
 
 TARNIER'S OBSTETRIC CLOTH. 
 
APPENDIX. 671 
 
 smaller ones may be used. They are placed under the patient 
 in such a manner as to receive the discharges, being changed 
 as often as soiled, and afterward burned. 
 
 Tarnier's obstetric cloth is a very convenient device , it is 
 shown in the accompanying cuts. It consists of a large cloth 
 folded in such a way as to give the appearance shown in Fig. 
 1. This is placed under the patient during labor. It raises 
 the hips and facilitates examination, and thus is a decided aid 
 to the physician in his examinations and in the delivery of the 
 «hild. At the beginning of delivery the first fold is brought 
 down, as shown in Fig. 2. After delivery, while the patient 
 is being cleansed, the second fold is brought down, giving the 
 pad the shape shown in Fig. 3. By this means the highest 
 degree of cleanliness is secured in the most convenient manner 
 possible. This device is very popular in France, but has not 
 yet been very extensively introduced into this country. 
 
 A few words must be said respecting the antiseptic treat- 
 ment of the nipples. If sore, the nipples should be treated 
 twice daily with a hot 1-5000 solution of bichloride of mer- 
 cury, or a saturated solution of boracic acid, and dusted with 
 subnitrate of bismuth or zinc oxide. 
 
 Intestinal Antisepsis. — Still another measure of great im- 
 portance in securing immunity from unfortunate complications 
 during childbirth, is intestinal antisepsis. This requires care- 
 ful attention to the patient's condition and regimen for at 
 least a number of days prior to confinement. A matter of the 
 first importance in intestinal antisepsis is the dietary. This 
 will exclude all such articles as meat, cheese, fish, oysters, 
 pastry, pickles, coarse vegetables, and everything of an un- 
 wholesome or indigestible nature. The only flesh food at all 
 allowable is a small amount of the white flesh of fowl. It is 
 best to omit even this for at least a few days prior to the con- 
 finement. The most suitable articles of food are fruits of all 
 kinds, grains simply prepared, ripe fruit of all sorts, either 
 fresh or simply cooked, grains of all kinds, prepared in a sim- 
 ple and wholesome manner, purees of pease, beans, and other 
 legumes, vegetable broths, eggs, buttermilk, kumyss, cottage 
 
674 
 
 THE LADIES' GUIDE. 
 
 Thr Natural Abdominal Supporter. 
 
APPENDIX. 675 
 
 viscera. Backache, from which so many women complain, 
 is more commonly due to this cause than to any derangement 
 of the pelvic organs, although displacements of the womb and 
 ovaries and inflammation of these organs are very likely to 
 follow displacement of the abdominal viscera. 
 
 As a precaution against this unfortunate consequence of 
 the long-continued stretching of the abdominal muscles dur- 
 ing pregnancy, and the inability of the undeveloped muscles 
 to at once contract after childbirth so as to properly support 
 the internal organs, it is important that artificial means should 
 be employed for a time after confinement, to support the 
 abdominal contents in place. Various abdominal supporters 
 have been recommended for this purpose, but few have been 
 found satisfactory. Supporters which are applied to the 
 whole abdominal wall are unsatisfactory for the reason that 
 the lower anterior portion of the abdomen is the only point 
 where the support is really required. 
 
 The Natural Abdominal Supporter. — This instrument, well 
 shown in the accompanying cuts, has been devised for the 
 purpose of supporting the contents of the abdomen in a 
 natural way, when prolapsed, by a means as nearly natural 
 as possible. Patients have often said to the writer, "When 
 I am on my feet, I feel that I must hold myself up with my 
 hands," at the same moment placing the hands across the 
 lower abdomen and making pressure upward. Taking a hint 
 from this, we have prepared the supporter which is herewith 
 shown, and which consists of two hard rubber pieces con- 
 nected by an elastic webbing, which rest against the lower 
 abdomen, being carefully shaped so as to make a uniform 
 pressure, and second, a set of steel springs attached to a back 
 piece and so adjusted as to make pressure upon the hard 
 rubber plates simultaneously backward and upward. The 
 action of the supporter is almost a perfect imitation of the 
 hands in lifting the prolapsed abdominal contents. After 
 trying every form of supporter offered in the market, we 
 have found "The Natural Abdominal Supporter'' more sat- 
 isfactory than any other, and have employed, it in a very 
 
4* 
 
 -*^~ 
 
 -e-f«-s- 
 
 ~o 
 
 Abnormal, unnatural, unhealthy. 
 
 Absinthe, a narcotic and intoxi- 
 cating drink. Made from 
 ■wormwood, and much used in 
 France. 
 
 Accoucher, obstretrician. 
 
 Amanitine, the poisonous princi- 
 ple of a certain kind of fungi. 
 
 Amnion, the membrane sur- 
 rounding the foetus before 
 birth. 
 
 Anaemic, a condition character- 
 ized by poor and deficient 
 blood. 
 
 Ancesthevia, absence of natural 
 sensibility. 
 
 Aneurism, a disease of a blood- 
 vessel, characterized by dilata- 
 tion. 
 
 Anodyne, a remedy used for the 
 relief of pain. 
 
 Ante-natal, before birth. 
 
 Aorta, the great artery of the 
 body. 
 
 Atrophy, wasting, diminution in 
 size. 
 
 Auricle, one of the upper cavities 
 of the heart. 
 
 Axilla, the armpit. 
 
 Caseine, the coagulable part of 
 
 milk. 
 Catamenial, pertaining to the 
 
 menstrual flow. 
 
 Cellulose, the material composing 
 
 the walls of vegetable cells. 
 Chorion, transparent membrane 
 
 surrounding the foetus. 
 Cilia, delicate hairs. 
 Coccyx, a number of small bones 
 
 forming the end of the spinal 
 
 column. 
 Cuticle, the skin. 
 Cutaneous, pertaining to the skin. 
 
 Decoction, an extract prepared by 
 boiling vegetable substances in 
 water. 
 
 Defecation, the act of voiding ex- 
 crement from the body. 
 
 Depilatories, substances having 
 the power to remove hair and 
 make bald or bare. 
 
 Diaphragm, the muscle separat- 
 ing the thorax from the abdo- 
 men. 
 
 Diagnosis, the determination of 
 disease. 
 
 Enemata, plural of enema. 
 
 Eliminatnme, a remedy having the 
 power to expel or throw off, or 
 cause to disappear from the 
 body. 
 
 Emollient, an external applica- 
 tion to allay irritation, swell- 
 ing, etc. 
 
 Emulsion, a soft, liquid substance 
 44 (677) 
 
vwiwwm w fm^ 
 
 PLATE I.— Low Forms of Life. Fig. 1. The Protococcus, a form 
 of microscopic vegetable life. a. The usual form ; b. A stage in which long fila- 
 ments are formed, by means of which it moves about in the water like an animal. 
 
 Fig. 2. The Amoeba, one of the most lowly forms of animal life. a. The com- 
 mon pond amoeba ; b. The human amoeba, or white blood-corpuscle ; c. Shows four 
 white blood-corpuscles among a large number of red ones ; d. An amoeba taking 
 food ; e. An amoeba putting out a foot in the act of locomotion. 
 
 Fig. 3. a to c, union of two of the forms shown in Fig. 1, prior to multiplica- 
 tion ; d to g, multiplication by division ; h to j, reproduction of amcebie. 
 
 PLATE II. — The Pelvis. Fig. 1. Human male pelvis. Fig. 2. 
 Human female pelvis. Fig. 3. Canal of female pelvis. Fig. 4. Pelvis of 
 Guinea pig. Fig. 5. Pelvis of Guinea pig showing expansion to facilitate partu- 
 rition. 
 
 PLATE III. — Fig. 1. Shows a flower with its sexual apparatus and 
 .special provision for fertilization by insects. Figs. 2 to 5. The Pollen or fertil- 
 izing element of different species of plants. Fig. 6. Pollen oase bursting and dis- 
 charging its contents. Fig. 9. a. anthers, laden with pollen, closely applied to the 
 -ends of b, the pistils in the act of fertilization ; c. the ovules, which develop, after 
 .fertilization, into seeds. 
 
 PLATE IV. — Fig. 1. The Ovum after fecundation, showing sperm- 
 atozoon within its envelope. Figs. 2 to 6 illustrate the segmentation of the ovum. 
 Fig. 7. A, Spermatozoon of frog; B, Spermatozoon of tri ton; C, Spermatozoon of 
 finch; D, Spermatozoon of field mouse; E, Spermatozoon of hedgehog; F, Sperm- 
 atozoon of sheep; G, Human Spermatozoa. Fig. S. A, Ovum from foetus; B, 
 Immature ovum of pigeon; C. Immature ovum of rabbit; D, Ovum of parasitic 
 worm. 
 
 PLATE T. - Fig, 1. W, Womb, partly covered by the peritoneal 
 membrane ; N, Keck of womb ; F, F, Fallopian tubes ; V, V, Vagina, slit open so as 
 to show interior; O, O, Ovaries. Fig. 2. Double uterus— a very rare condition. 
 Fig. 3. A diagram showing the interior of the womb ; C, cavity of the body of the 
 womb; I, Internal os ; K, External os. 
 
 PLATE VI. — Figs. 1-5. Illustrate the development of the ovum 
 from the moment of conception until the after-birth is formed, 
 
 PLATE VII. — Fig. 1. The Siamese Twins, showing the relation of 
 the internal organs of the two brothers, and the structure of the connecting band. 
 Fig. 2. The Primitive Trace. Figs. 3 to 5 illustrate peculiarities of the primi- 
 tive trace which give rise to double-headed and four- legged monsters. 
 
 PLATE VIII.— Fig. 1. The Breast, showing at the lower portion 
 the cut lobules of the gland with the milk ducts. Fig. 2. The areola of pregnancy. 
 PLATE IX.— Fig. 1. Shows natural position of the child in the 
 womb. Fig. 2. The sexual apparatus of the Tape-worm. Fig. 3. An ovary 
 divided so as to show the ova in various stages of development; a, a, the corpus luteum 
 .of pregnancy. Fig. 4. Ovary discharging ovum. 
 
 PLATE X. — A Grecian Model of the female form as illustrated by the 
 ■celebrated statue, Venue of Milo. B, Parisian belle. C, View of internal organs of 
 a woman addicted to tight-lacing, showing deformity and displacement of stomach 
 And liver; D and E, Livers deformed by tight-lacing. 
 
 (679) 
 
680 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
 
 PLATE XI. Light Gymnastic*. Illustrate* some of the simpler 
 
 forms of free-hand, trunk, dumb-bell, Indian-club, and wand exercises. 
 
 PLATE XII. — Postural Treatment for prolapsus and retroversion. 
 
 PLATE Xin. — Fig» 1« Shows the womb in a state of partial pro- 
 lapsus. Fig. 2. Shows the womb prolapsed so as to appear externally, having 
 dragged down with it the posterior wall of the vagina. 
 
 PLATE XIV. — Fig. 1. Anteversion of the womb with partial flex- 
 ion, showing bladder compressed. Fig. 2. Anteflexion of the womb. 
 
 PLATE XV. — Fig. 1. Retroversion of the womb. Fig. 2. Retro- 
 flexion of the womb. 
 
 PLATE XVI. — Fig. 1. Partial laceration or rupture of the per- 
 ineum resulting in rectocele, C; Cystocle, B; and anteversion of the womb, A. 
 Fig. 2. Complete rupture of the perinoeum, with retroversion of the womb. 
 
 PLATE XVTI. — Fig. 1. Side profile of a German peasant woman, 
 twenty-nine years of age. Until twenty years of age she was accustomed to carry 
 heavy weights upon her head, often carrying a weight of ninety pounds upon the 
 head two or three miles without stopping to rest. Never had trained in gymnastics. 
 It is a perfectly natural figure, and doubtless represents very nearly the Ideal female 
 form. Fig. 2. Side profile of a woman of the same age, who through neglect of 
 muscular exercise, and by corset wearing and the wearing of tight bands and heavy 
 skirts, had acquired the weak and deformed figure shown. 
 
 PLATE XVIII.— Fig. 1. Outline of a well-developed man. Fig. 2. 
 Outline of a well-developed woman of twenty-six years, whose figure had once been 
 deformed by a corset, but had been restored to symmetry by physical exercise. 
 Fig. 3. A bronze Venus. Fig. 4. Outline obtained by the author from a young 
 Italian peasant woman, an artist's model in Paris. 
 
 PLATE XIX. — Fig. 1. A natural figure, showing the stomach, 
 liver, and other organs of the abdomen in normal position. This figure is copied 
 from a drawing by the celebrated German anatomist, Ziemssen. Fig. 2. A figure 
 which has been deformed by tight lacing; the stomach, liver, kidneys, bowels, and 
 other organs of the abdomen are crowded several inches out of position. This is not 
 an imaginary sketch, but represents exactly the condition of a young woman who 
 claimed she had never laced tightly, but had worn the ordinary conventional dress. 
 
 PLATE XX. — Fig. 1. Outline of a woman of forty-two years, who, 
 when a young womaD, had compressed the waist for the purpose of getting rid of an 
 enlarged spleen, which was finally crowded down below the waist-line, and, finding 
 itself cut loose from its moorings, wandered about in all parts of the abdominal cav- 
 ity. When first examined, the spleen — four or five times its normal size — lay be- 
 tween the uterus and the bladder, and was mistaken for a fibroid tumor. I discov- 
 ered my error the next day, when I found the spleen lying several inches distant 
 from its position of the day before. Fig. 2. Is a front- view outline of the same 
 patient. The solid lines 8 and L indicate the position in which the stomach and 
 liver are found. 
 
 PLATE XXI. — Fig. 1. The outline of a young woman who sup- 
 posed she had always dressed healthfully, having worn a health corset and suspended 
 her clothing from her shoulders. The so-called health corset was tight and rigid 
 with stays, and the skirt bands were also tight and the skirts heavy. In consequence 
 the bowels and stomach were prolapsed, the lower border of the stomach reaching 
 three inches below the umbilicus. Fig. 2. The solid lines within the figure indi- 
 cate the position of the stomach, liver, and right kidney. The dotted lines indicate 
 the lower borders of these organs when in normal position. The young woman was 
 in most wretched health. She had suffered for many years from nervous dyspepsia, 
 and also from pelvis congestion and displacement of the uterus and ovaries. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 681 
 
 Tig. 3. Outline of a young woman whose figure bad not been spoiled by tight, 
 lacing or tight skirt-bands. The dotted lines show the change in her figure occa- 
 sioned by normal respiration. Fig. 4. Shows the result of corset-wearing, tight 
 skirt-bands, and heavy skirts. The dotted lines indicate the change in the figure pro- 
 duced by the artificial mode of respiration commonly termed clavicular respiration, 
 the so-called " female type " of respiration induced by constriction of the waist. 
 
 PLATE A. — Fig. 1. F, Fundus, or body, of womb; Cu, Cavity of 
 uterus or womb; Cr, Cervix, or neck of womb; Cn, Canal of cervix; S, Sacrum; V 
 V, Vagina; E, Rectum; P, Perinaram; A, Anus; M V, Mons veneris; S, Symphysis 
 pubis; B, Bladder; CI, Clitoris; TJ, Urethra; N, Nympaae, or labia minora; L, Labia 
 majora. Fig. 2. Vascular tumor of the urethra, Fig. 3. Inflammation of ure- 
 thral glands. 
 
 PLATE B. — A, Erosion, or so-called ulceration of the neck of the 
 womb ; B, C, D, E, F, different forms of laceration or rupture of the womb ; D, A 
 -case of rupture somewhat resembling cancer ; F, Slight rupture with cystic degen- 
 eration. 
 
 PLATE C. — A, Rupture of the neck of the womb on one side only; 
 B, Appearance of os in health; C, Cancer of the neck of the womb; D, Folypns 
 tumor of the womb. 
 
 PLATE D. — A, shows the appearance of the breast at the begin- 
 ning of cancer, <*, indicating the retracted condition of the nipple; B, Cancer of 
 the breast in an advanced stage. 
 
 PLATE E.— Figs. 1 and 3. Embryos of Dog. Figs. 2 and 4. 
 Human Embryos at corresponding periods of development. 
 
 PLATE F. — Figs. 1. and 4. Incorrect positions in sitting; Fig. 2. 
 Correct position in sitting. Figs. 3 and 3. Incorrect positions in lying. 
 
 PLATE G.— Figs. 1 and 3. Natural female form. Figs. 2. and 
 4. Female figure deformed by tight-lacing. 
 
 PLATE H. — Different modes of deforming the body practiced by va- 
 rious nations. 
 
 PLATE J. — Grecian and Hawaiian styles of dress. Foot of Chinese 
 lady deformed by bandaging, and slipper worn by aristocratic Chinese ladies. 
 
 PLATE K. — Four outline figures, showing the relations of healthful 
 ■and unhealthful dress to deformities of the figure. Fig. 1. Copied from a fashion 
 plate. Fig. 2. A healthfully dressed woman. Fig. 3. An nnnatural woman at- 
 tempting to conceal defects. Fig. 4. A natural woman whose figure requires no 
 appendages. 
 
 PLATE L, — Illustrates the methods of employing " expression " and 
 •"turning," the proper use of which greatly lessens the pains of childbirth. 
 
 PLATE M. — Various exercises for the treatment of uterine dis- 
 placements. 
 
 PLATE N. — Fig. 1. The uterus, U, in normal position, showing the 
 left round ligament at E. Fig. 2. The uterus, U, retroverted, showing left round 
 ligament stretched and tense. 
 
 PLATE 0. — Fig. 1. Pneumographs tracings of natural and un- 
 natural breathing. 
 
 FIGS. 1, 2, 3.— Tarnier's Obstetric Cloth. 
 FIGS, i, 5, 6.— Natural Abdominal Supporter. 
 
PAGE. 
 
 Abdomen Relaxed 585 
 
 Abdominal Bandage 427, 562 
 
 Pregnancy 107, 477 
 
 Abortion 437 
 
 Criminal 351 
 
 among Ancients 352 
 
 among Negroes 353 
 
 Extent of 361 
 
 theEesultsof 362 
 
 Absorption 33 
 
 Abscess in Pelvis 530 
 
 Accomplishments 186 
 
 Acidity 428 
 
 Acne 282 
 
 Acne Rosacea 284 
 
 Adhesions 485 
 
 Af ter-Pains 475 
 
 After-Birth, Retention of 473 
 
 Expulsion of 446 
 
 Alimentary Canal 28 
 
 Alum 648 
 
 Ambouk 447 
 
 AmoebaB 23 
 
 Amenorrhoea 511 
 
 Amniotic Fluid 99 
 
 Anatomy of Reproduction 21 
 
 Anesthetics in Childbirth, the 
 
 Use of 476 
 
 Ancon Sheep 386 
 
 Anteversion 539 
 
 Anteflexion 540 
 
 Anus 38 
 
 Apple Water 656 
 
 Areola 398 
 
 Associations, Evil 153 
 
 Assimilation 34 
 
 Atoms, Animated 22 
 
 Atrophy of the Breast 583 
 
 Bad Books 156 
 
 Back, Pain in 541, 532 
 
 Backache 562 
 
 Baldness 288 
 
 Balsam Peru 647 
 
 Barley Water 657 
 
 Bathing 278 
 
 Rules for 631 
 
 PAGE. 
 Bathing — 
 
 In Pregnancy 417 
 
 Beef Tea 654, 658 
 
 Juice 658 
 
 and Egg 659 
 
 Belladonna Extract 648 
 
 Belly-Band 460 
 
 Bile 30 
 
 Duct 30 
 
 Binder, The 460 
 
 Birth, Premature 103 
 
 Biscuit, Soft 653 
 
 Bladder 41 
 
 Prolapsus of 549 
 
 Disease of 556 
 
 Douche 649 
 
 Inflammation of 541 
 
 Disorders of 431, 556 
 
 Irritability of 432, 532, 549 
 
 Neglect of 490 
 
 Blood-Corpuscles 26 
 
 Bloody Discharge after Confine- 
 ment 479 
 
 Blue Disease 112 
 
 Blurred Sight 440 
 
 Boarding Schools 146 
 
 Body, Development after Birth.. 112 
 
 Boracic Acid 650 
 
 Borax 650 
 
 Bowels, Irregularity of 576 
 
 Heaviness in 479 
 
 Neglect of 490, 559 
 
 Pain in Moving. . . 529, 530, 541, 572 
 
 Pain in 512, 543 
 
 Brain of Women 190 
 
 Bran Coffee 657 
 
 Tea 656 
 
 Bread, Diabetic 654 
 
 Jelly 655 
 
 Breakfast Cake 653 
 
 Rolls 653 
 
 Breasts in Pregnancy 416 
 
 Overgrowth of 578 
 
 Irritability of 553 
 
 Cysts of 578 
 
 Cancer of 579 
 
 [683] 
 
684 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Breasts in Pregnancy — 
 
 Pain in 442, 529 
 
 Pendant 583 
 
 Tumors of 578 
 
 Oare of 419, 464 
 
 Atrophy of 583 
 
 Inflammation of 466 
 
 Kneading of 466 
 
 of Lower Animals 54 
 
 Relaxed 583 
 
 Painful 442 
 
 Anomalies of 55 
 
 Bowels, Pain in 512 
 
 Breath, Shortness of 436 
 
 Broad Ligaments 44 
 
 Inflammation of 530 
 
 Bruit 106 
 
 Cacao Butter 648 
 
 Candies 143 
 
 Cancer of the Womb 576 
 
 Breast 579 
 
 Quacks 581 
 
 Specifics 581 
 
 Lotions for 644 
 
 Foul Smelling 644 
 
 Hemorrhage from 645 
 
 Carbolic Acid 462 
 
 Carbonic Acid 34 
 
 Catarrh 626 
 
 Caustics 507 
 
 Cells 23 
 
 Cellulitis 529 
 
 Change of Life 369 
 
 Chills after Confinement 463, 485 
 
 at Menstrual Period 524 
 
 Chian Turpentine 577 
 
 Chicken-Pox 618 
 
 Chicken Broth 657 
 
 Jelly 655 
 
 Children, How to Secure 343 
 
 Limitation of 345 
 
 Moral Culture of 123 
 
 Position in Womb 99 
 
 Child-Birth, Headache after 479 
 
 Ohild-Bearing 403 
 
 Changes in at Birth 109 
 
 Washing of 458 
 
 Dressing of 458 
 
 Chloasma 288 
 
 Chlorate of Potash 649 
 
 Chloroform in Child-Birth 476 
 
 Chloral 223 
 
 Chlorosis 563 
 
 Oholesterine 31 
 
 Clothing, Healthful 242 
 
 "Clover Tea" 577 
 
 Coccyx 46 
 
 Pain in 552 
 
 Coccygodynia 552 
 
 Co-education 190, 202 
 
 Coffee 216 
 
 Wheat 657 
 
 Coleridge 391 
 
 Colds 278,625 
 
 Cold to Spine 604, 636 
 
 Colon 30 
 
 Colostrum 460 
 
 Comedo 283 
 
 Compresses 636 
 
 Condiments, Effects of 158 
 
 Conception 78 
 
 Confinement, Bloody Discharge 
 
 after 479 
 
 Chills after 479 
 
 Congestion of the Ovaries 527 
 
 of Womb 509 
 
 Cong-Fou 447 
 
 Connection, Painful 543, 554 
 
 Constipation 429, 559, 650 
 
 Obstinate 643 
 
 Convulsions 612, 619 
 
 Puerperal 440 
 
 Corsets 132, 243 
 
 and Consumption 244 
 
 and Dyspepsia 249 
 
 Cotton Supporters 535 
 
 Courting 0319 
 
 Cow, Pelvis of 51 
 
 Cramps 441 
 
 Cream Gruel 655 
 
 Crisps, Graham 654 
 
 Oatmeal 654 
 
 Croup 630 
 
 Currant Water 656 
 
 Cyanosis 112 
 
 Cystocele 549 
 
 Dandruff 285 
 
 Dancing 212,233 
 
 Defecation, Difficult 572 
 
 Painful 572 
 
 Deformity, Fashion in 262 
 
 Depression, Mental 543, 576 
 
 Depilatories 290 
 
 Development, Summary of 100 
 
 Diabetic Bread 654 
 
 Diet 215 
 
 of Pregnancy 404 
 
 of Children 609 
 
INDEX. 
 
 685 
 
 Difficult Defecation 572 
 
 Digestive Apparatus 27 
 
 Diarrhea 622 
 
 Diphtheria 815 
 
 Discharge, Lochial 462 
 
 Foul 576 
 
 Diseases of Women 487 
 
 Causes of 488 
 
 of Children 609 
 
 Disinfectant Lotions 651 
 
 Displacement, Lateral 543 
 
 Disorders of Pregnancy 426 
 
 " Dosing, " 493 
 
 Douche, Vaginal 634 
 
 Bladder 638,649 
 
 Double Sight 435 
 
 Dragging Pain 532 
 
 Dress, Woman's 240 
 
 Dropsy, Ovarian 574 
 
 Drugs, Use of 223 
 
 Dry Skin 285 
 
 Dyspepsia, Infantile 618, 143 
 
 Dy smenorrhoea 523 
 
 Obstructive 524 
 
 Membranous 66, 524 
 
 Neuralgic — 524 
 
 Ovarian 524 
 
 Inter- Menstrual 525 
 
 Congestive 524 
 
 Dyspareunia 554 
 
 Dysentery 684 
 
 Earache 628 
 
 Education of Young Ladies 185 
 
 School... 189 
 
 Eggs 660 
 
 White of 659 
 
 Elimination 33 
 
 Electricity 631, 637 
 
 in Prolapsus 537 
 
 Embryo, Nourishment of 96 
 
 Emmenagogues 516 
 
 Enema 635 
 
 Soap 643 
 
 Camphor- water 643 
 
 Glycerine 644 
 
 Linseed Tea 644 
 
 Quassia 644 
 
 Starch 644 
 
 Ergot, Use of 475 
 
 Eruptions 614 
 
 Erythema 282 
 
 Eucalyptus 498 
 
 Extract 647 
 
 Excretion 34 
 
 Exercise 224 
 
 How to Take 231 
 
 Time for 231 
 
 in Pregnancy 410 
 
 Arm 639 
 
 Leg 640 
 
 Trunk 640 
 
 to Strengthen the Trunk 639 
 
 "Expression," 452, 476 
 
 among Indians 454 
 
 Face Pimples 282 
 
 Fainting 436 
 
 False Pregnancy 439 
 
 Fallopian Tubes 40 
 
 Falling of Womb 532 
 
 Farina Gruel 655 
 
 Farinaceous Food Elements 32 
 
 Fecundation 67 
 
 in Lower Animals 68 
 
 Plants '. 68, 69 
 
 Tape-Worm 71 
 
 Earth-Worm 71 
 
 Snail 71 
 
 Leech 71 
 
 Slug 71 
 
 Nature of. 77 
 
 Peculiar Modes of 73 
 
 intheFish 73 
 
 Feet, Swelling of 434 
 
 Abuse of 261 
 
 Fetid Menstruation 523 
 
 Fever, Puerperal 478 
 
 Following Confinement 478 
 
 Fibroid Tumor 571 
 
 Fissure of the Rectum 558 
 
 Flatulence 428 
 
 Flesh Worms 283 
 
 Flirting 322 
 
 Floating Tumor 575 
 
 Kidney 576 
 
 Flooding 439 
 
 Foetus, Eespiration of 98 
 
 Pulse of 98 
 
 Death of 438 
 
 Fomentations 635 
 
 in Labor 449 
 
 Fontanelles 114 
 
 Food 32 
 
 Liquid 657 
 
 Foot Bath 633 
 
 Foramen Ovale Ill 
 
 French Heels 132 
 
 Frequent Menstruation 523 
 
 Freckles 287 
 
 Frugolac 660 
 
686 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Galactorrhea 470 
 
 Galvanism 63? 
 
 Garters 253 
 
 Gastric Juice 29 
 
 Genitals, Itching 433, 500 
 
 Gestation 86, 367 
 
 in Fishes 86 
 
 Toad 87 
 
 Tree Prog 88 
 
 Length of 102 
 
 in Horses 102 
 
 in Rabbit 102 
 
 Getting up after Confinement 471 
 
 Girl, The Little 117 
 
 Girls, Bad Training of 119 
 
 Early Training of 120 
 
 Senile Manners of 124 
 
 Clothing of 128 
 
 Exercise for 135 
 
 Dietof 141 
 
 Glands, Mammary 52 
 
 Glycerine 648 
 
 Gonorrhoea. Remote Effects of . . . 530 
 
 Effectsof 529 
 
 Latent 530 
 
 Graham Crisps '. — 654 
 
 Crackers 654 
 
 Grecian Mothers 236 
 
 Groins, Pain In 529, 543, 479 
 
 Tenderness In 527 
 
 Gruels 654 
 
 Gulteau 390 
 
 Gum Arabic Water 657 
 
 Gymnastics, Parlor 234 
 
 Gymnasium, Home-made 239 
 
 Habits, Regular 144 
 
 Vicious 144 
 
 Hair, Overgrowth 290 
 
 Hand Bath 631 
 
 Headache 435, 533 
 
 Health-lift 234 
 
 Heat-Rash 281 
 
 Heat to Spine 636 
 
 Heaviness in Bowels 479 
 
 Hemorrhage after Labor 472 
 
 of the Womb 521, 571 
 
 Hemmorrholds 430 
 
 Hermaphrodites 71 
 
 Heredity 82, 383 
 
 Hirsutes 290 
 
 Hip Bath 633 
 
 Homeopathy 493 
 
 Home Training 185 
 
 Horse-Back Riding 233 
 
 Hydrastis 649 
 
 Hygiene of Menopause 377 
 
 Ante-Natal Life 420 
 
 Pregnancy 402 
 
 Hymen 39 
 
 Imperforate 584 
 
 Hysteria 153, 585 
 
 Imperforate Hymen 584 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 432, 556 
 
 Infant Poods 610 
 
 Infants, Improper Diet of 611 
 
 Weight of 102 
 
 Care of at Birth 456 
 
 Inflammation of the Bladder 547 
 
 of the Pelvis 485 
 
 Infrequent Menstruation 517 
 
 Inflammation of Ovaries 529 
 
 about Womb 529 
 
 Injections, Nutritive 659 
 
 Intestines 29 
 
 Intestinal Juices 33 
 
 Inter-Menstrual Dysmenorrhea 525 
 
 Inunction 636 
 
 Involution 463 
 
 " Inward Fits " 612 
 
 Iodoform ..' 647 
 
 Irritation of Bladder 532 
 
 of Rectum 532 
 
 Irregularity of Bowels 576 
 
 Irritable Breasts 553 
 
 Itching Genitals 433, 500 
 
 Jellies 655 
 
 Juke Family 389 
 
 Juvenile Parties 127 
 
 Kidney, Floating 576 
 
 Kindergarten 122 
 
 Knee-Chest Position 542, 641 
 
 Koumyss; 658 
 
 Labia 38 
 
 Minora 38 
 
 Inflammation of 501 
 
 Labor 444 
 
 Premature 438 
 
 Stages of 446 
 
 Massage in 447 
 
 among Savages 447 
 
 Preparation for 448 
 
 Management of 450 
 
 Hemorrhage after 472 
 
 Signs of 444 
 
 Laceration of the Womb 479 
 
 of the Perinaeam 479, 567 
 
INDEX. 
 
 687 
 
 Ladder Climbing 641 
 
 Lambert Family 387 
 
 Lassitude 151 
 
 Lateral Displacement 543 
 
 Legs, Swelling of 479 
 
 Pain in 543 
 
 Lemon Jelly 655 
 
 Lemonade 656 
 
 Hot 656 
 
 Flaxseed 657 
 
 Lentigo 287 
 
 Leucorrhcea 152, 495, 532, 571 
 
 Acrid 645 
 
 Life, Beginning of 85 
 
 Ligament, Broad 44 
 
 of Ovary 41 
 
 Limbs, Swelling of 434 
 
 Lime- Water 651, 658 
 
 Liquor, Use of 222 
 
 Liver 30 
 
 Fissure of 249 
 
 Spots 288 
 
 Lochia 109 
 
 Lochial Discharge 462 
 
 "Longings," 408 
 
 Lotions, Vaginal 645 
 
 for Cancer 644 
 
 Malposition 443 
 
 Mammary Glands 52 
 
 Mania, Puerperal 482 
 
 Marriage 291 
 
 Object of 293 
 
 Time for 293 
 
 Premature 295 
 
 111- Assorted 298 
 
 of Cousins 311 
 
 Hygiene of 336 
 
 Massage 639, 642 
 
 of Womb 643 
 
 of Bowels 642 
 
 in Pregnancy 415 
 
 of Breast 465 
 
 Measles 614 
 
 German 615 
 
 Meatus Urinarius 38 
 
 Meat-Pipe 29 
 
 Solution 659 
 
 Meconium 460 
 
 Membranous Dysmenorrhcea 524, 66 
 
 Menopause 369 
 
 Hygiene of 377 
 
 Menstruation 61 
 
 in Dog 26 
 
 Scanty 516 
 
 Menstruation — 
 
 in Cow 62 
 
 Infrequent 517 
 
 Lengthof 65 
 
 Vicarious 67,513, 518 
 
 Influence of Moon on 67 
 
 Profuse 518, 530, 532, 565 
 
 too Frequent 523 
 
 Suppressed „ ... 511, 563 
 
 Fetid 523 
 
 Painful. . . 523, 529, 540, 532, 541, 571 
 
 Menstrual Discharge 64 
 
 Period, Chill at 524 
 
 Period, Fever at 524 
 
 Mental Status of Women 201 
 
 Metrorrhagia 521 
 
 Midwifery, Antiseptic 661 
 
 Milk 610,657 
 
 to Promote Secretion of 470 
 
 Diet 658 
 
 and Lime- Water 658 
 
 Gruel 654 
 
 Porridge 655 
 
 to Check Secretion of 469 
 
 in Infants 56 
 
 Fever 463 
 
 Milk-leg 479 
 
 Miscarriage 347 
 
 Molimen, The 513 
 
 Molar Pregnancy 439 
 
 Mons Veneris: 38 
 
 Morning Sickness 397, 427 
 
 Motive System 35 
 
 Motherhood, Dignity of 382 
 
 Mumps 614 
 
 Nasal Catarrh 626 
 
 Nausea 529, 543 
 
 Neck of Womb, Kupture of 565 
 
 Nervous System 35 
 
 Diseases 588 
 
 Nerves of Uterus 43 
 
 Ovaries 43 
 
 Nerve-tire 588 
 
 Neuralgia 435 
 
 Neuralgic Dysmenorrhcea 524 
 
 Neurasthenia 589 
 
 Night, Hygiene of 138 
 
 Terrors 613 
 
 Nipples, Sore 465, 645 
 
 Nitrogenou s Elements 32 
 
 Novel-Reading 207 
 
 Nursing Bottles 610 
 
 Nutritive System 27 
 
 Nymphomania 550 
 
688 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Oatmeal Gruel 63 
 
 Crisps 654 
 
 Crackers 654 
 
 (Esophagus 29 
 
 Offensive Perspiration 286 
 
 Oil Bath 636 
 
 Oily Skin 284 
 
 Oleaginous Elements 32 
 
 Opium, Use of 221 
 
 Habit 221 
 
 Os-Externum 40 
 
 Internum 40 
 
 Ovary 37 
 
 Enlarged 543 
 
 Sensative 543 
 
 Ovaries 41 
 
 Prolapsus of 543 
 
 Removal of 528 
 
 DeficientDevelopment of 584 
 
 Nerves of 43 
 
 Congestion of 527 
 
 Ovarian Dropsy 574 
 
 Dysmenorrhcea 524 
 
 Irritation 527 
 
 Overstudy 204 
 
 Ovi-ducts 40 
 
 Ovum 37 
 
 Development of 90 
 
 Painful Defecation 572, 541, 530, 539, 529 
 
 Breast 442, 529 
 
 Connection 554, 543 
 
 Menstruation 523, 571, 541, 532 
 
 Sitting 552 
 
 Urination 530, 539, 555, 572, 554 
 
 Pain in Back 532, 541 
 
 in Leg 543 
 
 in Womb 576 
 
 in Pelvis 485, 571 
 
 in Groins 479, 543 
 
 in Walking 527, 543 
 
 in Standing 527 
 
 in Bowels 592 
 
 Pains, False 445 
 
 Palpitation of Heart 153, 442 
 
 Pancreas • 30 
 
 and Cream 659 
 
 and Meat Solution 659 
 
 Pancreatic Juice 30, 33 
 
 Parturition 107 
 
 without Pain 403 
 
 Pelvic Inflammation 485 
 
 Pelvis 46 
 
 Abscess in 530 
 
 Dull Pain in 751 
 
 Pelvis — 
 
 False 47 
 
 True 47 
 
 Outlet of 47 
 
 Painin 485 
 
 Male 47 
 
 Female 47 
 
 Canalof 9 
 
 Measurements of. 49 
 
 of Cow 51 
 
 of Guinea-Pig 51 
 
 Penis 38 
 
 Pepsin 29 
 
 Perinasum 42 
 
 Care of During Labor 455 
 
 Rigidity of 475 
 
 Laceration of 79, 567 
 
 Peritoneum 44 
 
 Peritonitis, Pelvic 529 
 
 Perspiration, Offensive 286 
 
 Pessaries 534 
 
 Pharynx 29 
 
 Phlegmasia Dolens 479 
 
 Physiology of Reproduction 20 
 
 Piles 430, 560 
 
 Pin Worms 613 
 
 Pitting 481 
 
 Placenta 96 
 
 Expulsior of 456 
 
 Pledgets, Vaginal 646 
 
 Pledget Placer 647 
 
 Pregnancy 86, 397 
 
 Effect of First 83 
 
 Twin 477 
 
 False 439 
 
 Extra-Uterine 107 
 
 Disorders of 426 
 
 Abdominal 107, 477 
 
 Tubal 107 
 
 Ovarian 107 
 
 Signs of 397 
 
 Hygiene of 402 
 
 Premature Labor 438 
 
 Precocious Puberty 172 
 
 Prescriptions 643 
 
 Preventives, Use of 349, 528 
 
 Primitive Trace 90 
 
 Prolapsus of Womb 532 
 
 Ovaries 543 
 
 Bladders 549 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 624 
 
 Profuse Menstruation.... 518, 530, 532 
 
 Protrusion of Womb 533 
 
 Portal System 31 
 
 Porcupine Man 387 
 
IlfDEX. 
 
 689 
 
 Position 445 
 
 Postural Treatment 639 
 
 Pubis, Tenderness above 530, 532 
 
 Puberty 171 
 
 Precocious 172 
 
 Retarded 173 
 
 Signs of 175 
 
 Hygiene of 176 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions 440 
 
 Fever 478 
 
 Mania 482 
 
 Quickening 103, 399 
 
 Race Deterioration 384 
 
 Eecipes 653 
 
 Eectocele 550 
 
 Recto- Vaginal Fistula 570 
 
 Rectum 42 
 
 Irritation of 532 
 
 Fissure of 554 
 
 Removal of Ovaries 528 
 
 Reproductive Functions 56 
 
 System 37 
 
 Organs 37 
 
 Reproduction, Anatomy of 21 
 
 Physiology of 21 
 
 Respiration of Foetus 98 
 
 Retention of Urine. . . .432, 556, 572, 590 
 
 Retroflexion 542 
 
 Retroversion 541 
 
 Rhazes 526 
 
 Rice, Cooking of 660 
 
 Water 656 
 
 Milk 660 
 
 Gruel 654 
 
 Rickets 630 
 
 Rigid Skin 442 
 
 Rigidity of Womb 474 
 
 of Perinseum 475 
 
 Rotation 50 
 
 Rowing 233 
 
 Rum Blossom 284 
 
 Rupture of the Neck of the 
 
 Womb 565 
 
 Rusk 653 
 
 "Rut" 61 
 
 Sacrum 46 
 
 Tenderness of 571 
 
 Promontory of 47 
 
 Sago Jelly 656 
 
 Salivary Glands 27 
 
 Saliva 23 
 
 Salt 649 
 
 Glow 652 
 
 Scarlet Fever 617 
 
 Scarlatina 617 
 
 Scanty Menstruation 516 
 
 School Education 123 
 
 Self- Abuse 149 
 
 Signs of 149 
 
 Semen, Female 74 
 
 Sex, Cause of 83 
 
 To Determine before Birth ... 99 
 
 Sexual Frigidity 552 
 
 Shortness of Breath 436 
 
 Sight, Double 435 
 
 Blurred 435, 440 
 
 SitzBath 633 
 
 Skating 233 
 
 Skin, Oily 284 
 
 Dry 285 
 
 Rigid 442 
 
 Sleep 137 
 
 Slip 660 
 
 Small Intestine 30 
 
 Sore Nipples 465 
 
 Prescriptions for 645 
 
 Sore Eyes 629 
 
 Spawn 73 
 
 Spermatozoa 37, 76 
 
 Vitality of 79 
 
 Sphincter Ani 42 
 
 Spinal Irritation 527 
 
 Spine, Tenderness of 587 
 
 Spleen 31 
 
 Sponge Bath 631 
 
 Starch 32 
 
 Sterility 551 
 
 Stomach 29 
 
 Stocking, Elastic Silk 445 
 
 Stricture of the Womb 570 
 
 Subinvolution 471, 647 
 
 Sugar' 32 
 
 Suppressed Menstruation 511, 563 
 
 Supporters, Uterine 534 
 
 Swelling of Legs 479 
 
 " Swedish Movements " 561 
 
 Symphysis Pubis 46 
 
 Tamarind Water 656 
 
 Tannic Acid 647 
 
 Tea and Coffee 216 
 
 Flaxseed 657 
 
 Teeth 28 
 
 Temporary 115 
 
 Permanent 115 
 
 Tenderness of Sacrum 671 
 
 above Pubis 532,530 
 
 of Spine 587 
 
690 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Testicle 37 
 
 " The Waters " 99 
 
 Tight-lacing 243 
 
 and Heart Disease 238 
 
 Deformities from 250 
 
 Toast Water 656 
 
 Tumor, Floating 575 
 
 of the Urethra 555 
 
 oftheWomb 571 
 
 Fibroid 571 
 
 Twin Pregnancy 477 
 
 Urethral Glands, Disease of 556 
 
 Urea 34 
 
 Urethra 42, 38 
 
 Tumor of 555 
 
 Urination, Frequent 539 
 
 Painful 572, 551, 556, 539, 530 
 
 Urine, Incontlnuence of 432, 557 
 
 Retention of 432, 556, 572, 590 
 
 Uterus 39 
 
 Supports'of. 43 
 
 Nervesof 43 
 
 Uterine Hemorrhage 521, 571 
 
 Vagina 39 
 
 Inflammation of 498 
 
 Fullness in 532 
 
 Vaginismus' 499 
 
 Vaginitis 498 
 
 Vaginal Douche 448, 462, 603 
 
 Discharges 433 
 
 Lotions 645 
 
 Pledgets 646 
 
 Suppositories 648 
 
 Varicose Veins 438 
 
 Vaseline 648 
 
 Veins, Enlarged 433 
 
 Varicose 433 
 
 yenusof Milo 244 
 
 Venus de Medicis 275 
 
 Vesico Vaginal Fistula 570 
 
 Vicious Habits 144 
 
 Vice, Causes of 158 
 
 Vicarious Menstruation 67 
 
 Vinegar 648 
 
 Vision, Disturbances of 435 
 
 Double 440 
 
 Vomiting 530,613 
 
 Waffles 653 
 
 Walking, Pain In 527 
 
 Water, Applications of 631 
 
 Waters, The 99 
 
 Weaning of Infants 611 
 
 Wedding Journeys 339 
 
 Wet-Nurse 610 
 
 Male 55 
 
 WetGirdle 634 
 
 Wet-Sheet Pack 632 
 
 Wheat Coffee 657 
 
 Whites '. 495 
 
 WhiteofEgg 659 
 
 Whooping-Cough 615 
 
 Wife, The 333 
 
 Womb 39 
 
 Stricture of 570 
 
 Laceration of 479 
 
 Ulceration of 510 
 
 Pain In 576 
 
 Cancer of. 578 
 
 Tumors of 571 
 
 Rigidity of, 474 
 
 Inflammation of 505 
 
 Changes in 89 
 
 Fallingof 532 
 
 Prolapsusof 532 
 
 Gestation In 105 
 
 Massage of 643 
 
 Supports of 43 
 
 Polypus of 571 
 
 Nerves of 43 
 
 Hemorrhage of 521, 571 
 
 Disorders of 432 
 
 Congestion of 509, 645 
 
 Inactivity of 473 
 
 Protrusion of 533 
 
 Friction of 456 
 
 Women, Diseases of 487 
 
 Worms 613 
 
 Young Lady 171 
 
 Women, Physical Training of 239 
 
 Zoosperm 73 
 
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