w**^ ^;^ cJ^ . >^-? r •'■ t ^.^-fO;*-;** V r?'^ .i*« 14i AM- •-^^BiJ^^c : ^^ -1 -^ !«^ ^-C ^:'<'*^: ."- - '-" '.^ - _ '^^^ ivti .■S*;- S-J^ 'TJIV ^ii^l^ ^.-^^ #tr^- dJotiteU Httiueraitg Kiteatg FROM //^ S. W/.Vy.'*aLi^s RETURN TO ALBERT R- MANN LIBRARY ITHACA, N. Y. Cornell University Library QK 177.D27C Catalogue of the Niagara f lora.A catalog 3 1 924 001 683 550 Catalogue of the Niagara Flora. A CATALOGUE Flowering and Fern-Like Plants s GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION viciNrry of the falls of nl4gara. THE TKOY PEESS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1888. ^lATilH the (Xompli merits of ANDREW H. GREEN, Pnes't, JAMES MOONEY, JOHN HODGE and JOHN M. BOWERS, CLorrimissieriers of the State I^^eservation at IKiagara. HENRY E. GREGORY, Treasurer & Secretary, 214 Broadway, New York. Catalogue of the Niagara Flora. A CATALOGUE OF THE Flowering and Fern -Like Plants GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION IN THE VICINITY OF THE FALLS OF NIAGARA Prepared, at the Request of the Commissioneps of the State Reservation at Niagara, by DAVID F. DAY. THE TKOY PKESS COMPANY, PBINTEBS. 1888, INTRODUCTION. In December, 1886, the writer, in answer to the request of the Commissioners of the State Reservation at Niagara, promised to prepare for their nse a catalogue of the plants growing upon the reservation and its vicinity. He had already on hand the record of his observations made in the neighborhood of the Falls, during a period of more than twenty years. But he well knew that in order to give to the promised catalogue, such a degree of accuracy and completeness as would make it of value to botanists and the public, it would be necessary to revise and renew his observations in the field. - To this task, he devoted such leisure as was at his command during the year 1887. The results are presented in this Catalogue. Still he does not doubt that further investigations, made in the vicinity of the Falls, will considerably increase the number of species here recorded. In the more difiicult genera of the Cyperacece and Gramince, demanding always in a large degree the skill of the specialist, there must be omissions, more or less numerous and important. Yet it is probable that no species, really characteristic of the flora of Niagara, has been overlooked. To aid him in making the list complete, the writer has regarded it as his duty to consult, so far as was within his power, the observa- tions made in the neighborhood of the Falls, by all other botanists. It is, however, a matter for great regret that references to the botany of the Falls, especially in the reports of the earlier explorers, have proved so few in number. It seems probable that Peter Kalm, the friend and correspondent of the great Linne, left some record of the botanical observations, which he made during his visit at Niagara, in the year 1750. But, the author hus failed to find any mention of its publication, either in the Swedish tongue or in an English translation. If his journal still exists, its publication, at the present day, could not but be welcomed as an important contribution to the literature of American botany. It seems not unlikely that the species of Hypericum and Lobelia, which bear his name, were discovered by him near Table Eock. It is to be doubted whether either the elder or the younger MiCHAUX visited the neighborhood of the great cataract, and it is certain that the enterprising spirit of Puesh brought him no nearer than the site of the present city of Elmira. Nuttall, who botanized near the Palls sometime previous to the year 1818, men-- tions but one plant, Utricularia cor nut a, as found by him in their vicinity. Tobkey doubtless visited the region — possibly was familiar with it — ^yet, in his Plora of the State of New York, published in the year 1843, of the 1,511 species of plants, which he described, only fifteen are attributed to Niagara, and none of these, upon his own authority. In the Flora of Worth America, of ToRBEY and Gbay, published in 1838-1842, Niagara is mentioned as a station only five times. The labors of later botanists have been fat more useful in the preparation of the list. The MS. journals of the Hon. Geobge W. Clinton, while engaged in his arduous labors upon the botany of Buffalo and its vicinity, have proved of the greatest value ; and the ''Flore Ganadienne'' of Abbe Pbovanoheb and the "Catalogue of Canadian Plants " of Pbofessob Macoun, the learned and indefati- gable botanist of the Canadian Geological Survey, and the " Canadian Filicinem,'' the joint work of Pbofessob Macoun and Db. Bubgess, of London, Ontario, have been of important service. Wherever use has been made of these or of other authorities due acknowledgment of the obligation appears in the list. The geology of Niagara Palls, as related to the flora, demands at this place some brief attention. On either side of the river, at a distance not very constant, glacial clays appear. At Clifton they form a considerable elevation. With them, in places, also appear the usual gravel drift of the same period. These make up the soil of the adjacent country. But, as Hall and Lyell long ago pointed out, the evidence is complete that the river once stood at a very considerable height above its present rocky boundaries. At Chippewa, in Prospect park and at other places, the gravel deposits of the river, made whilst it was occupying its higher level, are still to be seen. But before the river formed its present bed in the gorge below the cataract, it cut through and carried away some portion of its former deposit, leaving, as it subsided, a terrace, on either side, still easily traced. This gravel deposit, once extending continuously across the present river, covered all of what is now Goat Island. It is characterized by a great abundance of fresh- Water shells, of tlie genera IJnio, Melania, Lymncea, etc., identical in species with those still inhabiting the river. The vegetation of the island is that then which might be expected to luxuriate upon a deep calcareous soil, enriched with an abundance of organic matter. On either side of the river, following its course northerly, for a long distance, the same deposit is met with, alternating with patches from which it has been removed, and in which the under- lying rock has but a scanty covering of soil. Near DeVaux College, and immediately above the Devil's Hole, near Lewiston, the rock is almost naked. Yet, even in such places, growing in the crevices of the rock or fringing the verge of the chasm, are to be found some of our most interesting plants. In some places, long since the chasm was excavated, the high rocky bank has given way, through the action of small streams of water, and perhaps by the operation of other causes, forming sheltered recesses of considerable extent, in which a rich humus has accumulated, supporting a dense growth of timber, and giving a congenial situation to some of our rarer plants. Among such places may be named the Devil's Hole, Foster's Flat, above Queenston, and the whirlpool wood, on the Canadian side. The Niagara Escarpment, as it has been called by the geologists of the State of New York, known at Lewiston as the " Mountain " and in Canada as " Queenston Heights," presents some features entitled to notice in this place. At the point where the river makes its way through it, its height above Lake Ontario is 374 feet, and above Lake Erie, 32 feet. Though it presents a northerly exposure, yet among the plants, growing upon its talus and below, are a number which belong rather to the south and south westward, and are much more abundant in Ohio than in Western New York. The fact may be explained by the higher annual temperature at Queenston and Lewiston and thence northward to Lake Ontario, than prevails at the Falls or immediately southward. The flora of Goat Island presents few plants which may be called uncommon in Western New York. For the rarer plants, included in the Catalogue, other localities must be visited. But it is still true that Goat Island is very rich in the number of its species. Probably no tract of land in its vicinity, so restricted in area, can be found, exhibiting so large a number. Its vernal beauty is attributable, not merely to its variety of plants, conspicu- ous in flower, but also to the extraordinary abundance in which 6 they are produced. Yet it seems likely that there was a time, probably not long ago, when other species of plants, of great beauty, were common upon the island, but which are not now to be found there. It is hardly possible that several orchidaceous plants and our three native lilies did not once embellish its woods and grassy places. Within a little while the Harebell, ( Campmiula rotundi- folia, Ti.), has gone and the Grass of Parnassus, (Parnassia Garolin- iana, L.^, is fast going. This is undoubtedly due to careless flower- gatherers, who have plucked and pulled without stint or reason. The same fate awaits the Sangumaria, the Diclytras smd the TriUiums, which do so much to beautify the island, unless the wholesale spoliation is soon arrested. The suggestion may here be made, with great propriety, that pains be taken to re-establish upon the island the attractive plants which it has lost. The effort would entail but little expense, its success would be entirely certain and to many the pleasure of a visit to the island would be greatly enhanced. It would surely be a step, and not an unimportant one, in restoring the island to the state in which nature left it. Frequent reference has been made in the Catalogue to localities in the neighborhood of the Falls, but not within the boundaries of the Reservation. For this, however, there is a sufficient reason in the fact that if the Catalogue had been confined within the limits of the Reservation, it would have been of far less value to the many who are now interested in botanical science ; and to them alone can such a work be of much interest or value. As already stated, some of the rarest plants of western New York and Ontario grow in the neighborhood of Niagara river, but not within the confines of the Reservation. Thus, it may be mentioned that in the wooded grounds adjoining De Vaux College and belonging to that institution, there may be found lihus aromatica, Ait., Liatris cylmdracea, M-ichx., Aster ptarmicoides, T. & G., Asclepias qiiadrifoUa, Jacq., and Morus rubra, L. Among its rocks, perhaps there may still be found a specimen of Pellwa atropurpurea, Link., Camptosorus rhyzophyllus, Link., and Asplenium TricJiomanes, L. The Devil's Hole, now almost inaccessible, was once a paradise of ferns — Phegopteris Dryopteris, Fee, being its chief rarity. The plateau of rock, which overlooks the ravine, produces Arahis hirsuta, Scop., and Selaginella ruprestis, Spreng., elsewhere in this region quite uncommon. Between tlie " Mountain" and Lewiston, the explorer will find Bannunculus muUifidus, Pursli. XantJioxylum Americanum, Mill. Houstonia ccerulea, L. and Asplenmm ebeneum, Ait., rare plants in western New York. Queenston Heights have yielded us Anemonella thalictroides, Spach. Asimina triloba, Dunal, Lupinus perennis, L., Frasera Garolinensis, Walt, and Celtis occidentalis, L., — species scarcely found elsewhere in our vicinity. Of Foster's Flat, above Queenston, it may be said that the spring seems to visit its rocky fastnesses some weeks earlier than the table-land above. Among its uncommon plants, it may be mentioned that Peofessor Macoun and Dr. Burgess have detected Aspidium Lonchites, Swartz, and Aspidium Bootii, Tuckm., — ferns whose accustomed range is a hundred miles northward. The woods near the whirlpool, on the Canadian side, produce in abundance Ceras- tiumarvense,'h., Arctostaphylos Ura~ursi, Spreng., Castilleiacoccinea, Spreng., and the only sassafras trees known in the neighborhood of the Falls. The low land, near Clifton, on the Canadian side, only a few inches higher than the river, affords such uncommon plants as Gentiana serrata, Gunner, and Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. Galamintha Nuttallii, Benth., still grows on the damp rocks, near the border of the river, and Gerardia purpjurea, L., and Utricidaria cornuta, Michx., appear sparingly in the wet and oozy soil near by. In the preparation of this list, the practice has been followed, now almost universal, of indicating introduced plants, (which it will be seen are a large number) by giving their names in small capitals. The later changes in the nomenclature of the species have also been adopted, adding however, (in parentheses) the names under which they were described in the last edition of Gray's Manual. Of the 909 species of plants named in the Catalogue 758 are native and 151 foreign. The following table exhibits, synoptically, the number of species and genera belonging to each natural family of plants mentioned in the Catalogue. Names No. of No. of of families. genera, species Banunculacese 10 32 Magnoliacese , 2 2 Anonacese 1 1 Menispermacese . - . r 1 1 Berberidacese 4 4 Nymphaceee 2 2 Papaveracese 2 2 Fumariaceae 2 3 Cruciferse 12 25 Capparidacese 1 1 Violacese 2 8 Polygalacese 1 3 Caryophyllaceae 7 12 Portulacacese 2 3 Hypericacese 1 7 Malvacese 4 6 Tiliaceae 1 2 Linaceae 1 2 Geraniacese 4 6 Kutaceae 1 1 Simarubiaceae 1 1 Ilicacese 2 2 Celastraceae 2 4 Rhamnacese • 1 1 Vitacese 2 4 Sapindacese 3 8 Anacardiacese 1 ^ Leguminosse 13 33 Eosacese 1«^ 4:2 Saxifragq^cese • • • ^ 10 CraBsulacese 2 4 Hamamlidacese, 1 1 Haloragae 1 ^ Lythracese 1 1 Onagracese ^ H Ficoidae . , 1 1 Umbelliferae 15 19 Araliacese 1 3 Cornacese 2 7 Caprif oliaceae 6 14 Rubiacese 4 13 9 ■wTowifto No. of No. of of families. g^^^ra. species. Valerianaceae 1 ^ Dipsacese 1 ^ Compositse 38 97 Lobeliacese - ^ ^ Campanulacese 2 ^ Ericaceae " ^^ Primulacese ^ ^ Oleacese ^ ^ Apocynacese ^ *^ Asclepiadacese • • ^ ' Gentianacese ^ ^ Polemoniacese ^ ^ Hydrophyllacese 1 ^ Borraginacese ^ -^-*- ConYolvulacese ^ ' Solanacese ^ ' Scrophulariacese ^^ 2" Orobancliacese ^ *^ Lentibulacese ^ ^ Acantliacese . ^ -*- ■*• Verbenaceee ^ ^ Labiatse ■ • - 1^ ^"^ Plantiginacese -*- ^ 1 9 Amarantacese -*■ ^ Chenopodiaceae -^ ' Phytolaccaceae 1 •*■ Polygonacese « ^ -*^ ' Aristolochiaceae - ^ ■*- Piperacese ,. • - ■*- -^ Lauracese • • • - ^ ^ Thymelacese ^ ^ Eleagnacese - -^ ^ Santalaceae -*- -*- Eupborbiaceae ♦ 2 ^ Ceratopbyllaceae ^ ^ -^ Urticacese = ^ -'-^ Platanacese • -*- ^ Juglandacese ^ " Betulacese ^ ^ Cupuliferse ^ ^ ^^ 9 1 f^ Salicacese ^ ■*■" 2 10 JIamdS No. of No. of of families. genera, species. Conif erse 5 6 Hydrocliaridacese 2 2 Orchidacese 4 7 Iridacese 2 3 Smilacacese 1 2 Liliacese 16 20 Pontederiacese 2 2 Juncacese 2 9 Typliacese 2 4 Aracese 4 4 Lemnacese 3 3 Alismacese 3 4 Naiadacese 3 18 Cyperacese 5 54 Graminse 31 68 Equisetacese , 1 6 Ophioglossacese 2 3 Filices 12 27 Selaginellace98 2 3 Hydropterides 2 2 Total 410 909 CATALOGUE. RANUNCULACE^. Clematis Virginiana, L Clematis. Virgin's Bower. On the Canadian side, near Clifton, and elsewhere. dLiiemone cylindrica, Gray Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island and elsewhere. Anemone Virginiana, L Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island and near DeYaux College, var. alba, Wood. Goat Island. Anemone dichotoma, L. {A. Fennsylvanica, L.) Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island and elsewhere. Anemone nemorosa, L Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island. var. quinquefolia, Gray. With the last. Anemone Hepatica, L. {Hepatica triloba, Chaix.) .... Liverwort. Goat Island and near Lewiston. Kather rare. Anemone acutiloba, Lawson. (Hepatica acutiloha, DC.) Liverwort. Goat Island and elsewhere. Less rare. Anemonella thalictroides, Spach. {Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx.) Near Brock's Monun..-.t, Ontario. Thalictrum dioicum, L Meadow Rue. Goat Island, Lewiston and elsewhere. Thalictrum Cornuti, L. Meadow Rue. Shores of the river above the Falls. Thalictrum purpurascens, L Meadow Rue. Near Clifton, Canada. var. ceriferum, Austin. " Near Drummondsville, Niagara Falls." Macoun. 12 Ranunculus aquatilis, L Water Crowfoots var. trichophyllus, Chaix. In pools above the falls on the Canadian side. Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh Buttercup. In a pool not far from the river's bank, above Lewiston. Ranunculus Flammula, L Spearwort. var. reptans, Meyer. At the water's edge on Strawberry and Grand Islands, and, probably, in similar situations nearer the Falls. Ranunculus abortivus, L. Goat Island and elsewhere. Ranunculus sceleratus, L Cursed Crowfoot. Lewiston, and near Suspension Bridge. Ranunculus recurvatus, Poir Hooked Crowfoot- Goat Island. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, L. Bristly Crowfoot. Clifton, Canada. Ranunculus fascicularis, Muhl Early Buttercup. Near DeVaux College. Ranunculus septentrionalis, Poir. {B. repens, L. j . . Buttercup. Clifton, Canada. The large variety of R repens, L. Common in western New York. Banunculus bulbosus, L Buttercup* Goat Island. Introduced. Kanunculus acris, L Buttercup. Goat Island and elsewhere. Caltha palustris, L Cowslips. Marsh Marygold Lewiston, Clifton, Ontario. Aquilegia Canadensis, L Wild Columbine Goat Island and along the rocky banks of the river in many places. Hydrastis Canadensis, L Hydrastis Cayuga Island, and probably elsewhere nearer the falls. Actsea spicata, L Herb Christopher. Red Cohosh var. rubra, Ait. Goat Island, near DeVaux College. Actsea alba, Bigelow White Cohosh Goat Island. Cimicifuga racemosa, Nutt. ... Black Snake-root Probably occurs near Queenston, Ont. 13 MAGNOLIACE^. Liriodendron Tulipifera, L . .White wood. Tulip-tree Goat Island. Not common. One fine specimen is growing near the carriage way on the north side of the island. Magnolia acuminata, L Cucumber tree "Near the falls of Niagara." Provancher. Not seen by us. ANONACE^. Asimina triloba, Dunal Papaw Queenston Heights, Ontario, Macoun. MENISPERMACEJE. Menispermum Canadense, L Moon seed Common both in New York and Ontario, but not noticed by us near the Falls. Doubtless overlooked. BERBERIDACEiE. Beeberis vulgaris, L - Barberry. Goat Island, ne'er Lewiston. Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx Blue Cohosh Goat Island. Abundant. Jeffersonia diphylla, Pers. . . Twin Leaf. Rheumatism Root Niagara Falls. Clinton. Very rare. Podophyllum peltatum, L. May Apple. Mandrake Goat Island. Abundant. NYMPHACE^. Nymphsea tuberosa, Paine White Water Lily Abundant in shallow places in the river, some distance above the Falls. Nuphar advena, Ait Yellow Water Lily With the last. PAPAVEEACE^. Chelidonium majus, L Celandine. Clifton, Ontario. Sanguinaria Canadensis, L Blood Root Goat Island, where it has been lound producing pink flowers. 14 FUMAKIACE^. Diclytra CucuUaria, DC. {Dicentra GucuUaria, DC.) Dutchman's Breeches Goat Island. Abundant. Diclytra Canadensis, DC. (Dicentra Canadensis, DC.) Squirrel Corn Goat Island. Abundant. Between the two species numerous hybrids have been noticed on Goat Island. Corydalis glauca, Pursh Corydalis Occurs at Tonawanda, and should be found near the Falls. CEUCIFER^. Alyssum calycinum, L Alyssum. Near Brock's monument, Ontario. Dbaba veena, L , . Whitlow Gkass. Introduced on Goat Island, but perhaps not established. Dentaria diphylla, Michx. . Pepper Root. Crinkle Root Goat Island. Dentaria laciniata, Muhl. Goat Island. Cardamine rhomboidea, DC Spring Cress var. purpurea, Torr. Goat Island and elsewhere. The typical form, probably, may be found in the low ground near Clifton, Ontario. Cardamine hirsuta, L Bitter Cress Goat Island. Arabis lyrata, L Rock Cress Goat Island. The Three Sisters. And along the gorge to Lewiston. Arabis hirsuta, Scop. Near Devaux College, and at Lewiston, and on the opposite side of the river. Arabis laevigata, Poir. Devil's Hole, Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Arabis Canadensis, L Sickle Pod Goat Island, and elsewhere. Arabis perfoliata, Lam Tower Mustard Near Clifton, Ontario. 15 Aralbis Drummondii, Gray. Lewiston. Not common. Barbarea precox, K. Br Eabi.y Winter Geess. Brock's monument, Ontario. Macoun. Barbarea vulgaris, E. Br Winter Cress Road sides near the falls. Erysimum cheiranthoides, L Worm-seed Mustard Margin of the river above the Falls. Sysimbrium officinale, Scop Hedge Mustard. Road sides and waste places near the Falls. Brassica Sinapisastrum, Boiss Mustard. Charlock. Abundant on both sides of the river. Brassica nigra, Koch Black Mustard. Between the Falls and DeVaux College. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br Water Cress. Near the river's edge above the Falls. Clifton, Ontario. Nasturtium palustre, DC Marsh Cress In damp places above the Falls. Nasturtiumi lacustre, Gray Lake Cress In the river above the Falls. Nasturtium Armoracia, Fries Horse Radish "At Niagara Falls." Macoun. Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench , Shepherd's Purse Common everywhere. Lepidium Virginicum, L Wild Peppergrass Road sides, near the village. Lepidium campestre, R. Br Field Peppergrass "Clifton, near Niagara Falls." Macoun. CAPPARIDACE^. Polanisia graveolens, Raf. " Abundant on the sands at Niagara." Macoun. Plentiful at the foot of Lake Erie. CISTACE^. Helianthemium Canadense, Michx Frost Weed Common in dry places in Western New York, no doubt occurring near DeVaux College, and at Lewiston. Lechea miajor, Michx Pinweed Probably occurs with the last. 16 Lechea minor, Lam Pin'weed Probably occurs with Helianthemum Canadense. VIOLACE^. lonidium concolor, Benth. and Hook. {Solea concolor, Ging). Green Violet Goat Island. Foster's Flat, Ontario. Viola blanda, Willd Violet Goat Island, and near Clifton, Ontario. Viola palmata, L Violet var. cucuUata, Gray. ( V. cucuUata, Ait.) Goat Island and elsewhere. Viola canina, L Dog Violet var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. {Viola canina L., var. sylvestris, Kegel.) Goat Island and elsewhere. Viola rostrata, Muhl Long-spurred Violet Goat Island. Viola Canadensis, L Canada Violet Goat Island. Viola pubescens, Ait Downy Yellow Violet var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Goat Island. var. scabriuscula, Torr. and Gray. Goat Island. POLYGALACE^. Polygala verticillata, L. Near DeYaux College. Queenston Heights, Ontario, Macoim. Polygala Senega, L Seneca Snake Root Both the narrow and the broad leaved varieties are to be found near the whirlpool on both sides of the river. Polygala incarnata, L. Said by Douglass (1823) to have been found in rocky places on the Niagara river near the Falls. Macoun. CAEYOPHYLLACE^. DiANTHus Armeria, L Deptford Pink. Lewiston, scarce. In a field near Clifton, Ontario, plentiful. SaPONARIA officinalis, L SOAPWORT. Goat Island and -the mainland. 17 Silene stellata, Ait Starry Campion Found by Douglass, in 1823, in dry, stony places on the Niagara river. Macoun. Silene antirrhina, L Sleepy Catch-fly Near DeYaux College and elsewhere. Silene noctiflora, L Night-flowering Catch-Fly. Above the Falls on the American side of the river. Lychnis Githago, Lam ... Corn Cockle. Fields on the main land. Cerastium visoosum, L - o Mouse-ear Chickweed. Goat Island and elsewhere. Cerastium vulgatum, L Mouse-ear Chickweed. Goat Island and elsewhere. Stellaria media. Smith Chickweed. Goat Island and elsewhere. Stellaria longifolia, Muhl Long-leaved Stitchwort. In damp, grassy places above the Falls. Arenaria serpyllifolia, L Sand Wort. Koad sides at Clifton and elsewhere. Arenaria lateriflora, L. Goat Island. POKTULACACE^. PORTULACA OLERACEA, L PuRSLANE. Waste places on the main land. Claytonia Caroliniana, Michx Spring Beauty- Goat Island. Claytonia Virginica, L Spring Beauty Goat Island. HYPEKICACE^. Hypericum Kalmianum, L Kalm's St. John's Wort Goat Island. " Eochers au has de la chute de Niagara." Pro- vancher. {Fl. Ganod. p. 104. j Hypericum perforatum, L Common St. John's Wort. Goat Island and elsewhere. Hypericum maculatum, Walt. {H. corymbosum, Muhl.) Margin of the river above the falls. Hypericum mutilum, L. Wet places along the river above the falls. Hypericum Canadense, L. In similar places as the last. 3 18 Hypericum Ascyron, L. {H. pyramidatum, Ait.) Great St. John's Wort Grand Island. And probably nearer the falls. Hypericum Virginicum, L. {Modes Virginica, Nutij In swampy places along the river above Clifton, Ontario. MALVACE^. Alth^a eosea, L Hollyhock. Clifton, Ontario. Escaped from cultivation. Malva rotundifolia, L Low Mallow. Goat Island and elsewhere. Malva sylvestris, L. . High Mallow. Near the Devil's Hole. Malva moschata, L Musk Mallow. Road sides on the main land. Abutilon AvicENNiE, Gacrt Velvet Leaf. Waste places on the main land. Hibiscus Moscheutos, L Swamp Rose Mallow. Probably may be found along the river above the Falls, as it grows in such situations near the foot of Lake Erie. TILIACE^. Tilia Americana, L Linden. Basswood. Goat Island. An abundant and conspicuous element of its forest. Tilia ? Basswood Goat Island. The tree, here indicated, seems to be quite distinct from the last. It may be readily distinguished by it^ bark, which is as white as that of the white ash, Fraojinus Ameri- cana, L. LINACE^. Linum Virginianum, L Wild Flax "Near Niagara Falls." Macoun. Linum usitatissimum, L Common Flax. Occasionally seen on railroad embankments. GERANIACE^. Geranium maculatum, L Wild Geranium Goat Island. Geranium Robertianum, L Herb Robert Goat Island. 19 FlcBrkia proserpinacoides, Willd. Goat Island. Impatiens pallida, Nutt Impatience. Wild Balsam Goat Island. Impatiens biflora, Walt. (/. fulm, Nutt.) Impatience. Wild Balsam Goat Island and the main land. Oxalis stricta, L Sorrel Great Island. RUTACE^. Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill Prickly Ash Near Lewiston. SIMARUIBAC^. Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf . . Ailanthus. Tree of Heaven Spontaneous near Clifton, Ontario. ILICACEiE. Ilex verticillata, Gray. .Winter Berry Chippewa. Macoun. Probably nearer the falls. Nemopanthes Canadensis, DC. Near Clifton, Ontario. CELASTKACE^. Celastrus scandens, L Bittersweet Goat Island. Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq. .Burning Busli. Wahoo Goat Island. Euonymus Americanus, L .. Strawberry Bush. Wahoo "Niagara." Macoun. var. obovatus, Torr. and Gray. "Hills around Niagara Falls." Macoun, on the authority of Dr, Maclagan. RPIAMNACE.^. Ceanothus Americanus, L New Jersey Tea Near DeVaux College. VITACEJi:. Vitis aestivalis, Michx Summer Grape Goat Island and elsewhere. Vitis riparia, Michx. (F. cordifolia, Michx.) Frost Grape Goat Island and elsewhere. 20 Vitis Labrusca, L Wild Grape Erroneously attributed to the vicinity of the Falls, as a native, in the ''Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity,'' (p. 26), and by Frovancher in the Flore Ganadienne, (p. 112.) Occasionally spontaneous. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx — Virginia Creeper Goat Island and elsewhere. SAPINDAOE^. Staphylea trifolia, L Bladder Nut Foster's Flat, Ontario. -ZEJsculus glabra, Willd Buckeye Spontaneous near Lewiston. From the west. Acer spicatum, Lam Mountain Maple Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe falls. Acer saccharinum, Wang Sugar Maple Goat Island. One of the most abundant trees. Acer dasycarpum, Erhart White Maple Near Clifton, Ontario. Acer rubrum, L Red Maple Goat Island. A shade tree in the village. Acer Negundo, L. (Negundo aceroide.% Moench. j Box Elder Planted in Prospect park, where it is now appearing spontaneously. Acer platanoides, L Norway Maple A common shade tree in the village. ANACARDIACE^. Rhus typhina, L Stag-horn Sumach Goat Island. Rhus glabra, L Smooth Sumach Queenston Heights. Macoun. Rhus venenata, DC Poison Sumach Swampy places above the Falls, near Clifton, Ontario. Rhus Toxicodendron, L Poison Ivy- Goat Island. Too plentiful. var. radicans, Torrey Poison Ivy Goat Island. Rhus aromatica, Ait Aromatic Sumach Near DeVaux College and on the opposite side of the river. Common in the places named. 21 LEGUMINOSiE. Lupinus perennis, L Lupine Queenston Heights, Ontario. Medicago lupulina, L Black Medick Above the Falls on the American side. Melilotus officinalis, Willd Yellow Melilot Above the Falls on the American side. Melilotus alba, Lam ... Sweet Clover. Goat Island and the main land. Trifolium arvense, L - Kabbit's-foot Clover. Abundant near Lewiston. Trifolium pratense, L Red Clover. Goat Island and elsewhere. Trifolium repens, L White Clover. Goat Island and elsewhere. Trifolium hybridum, L Alsike Clover. American side of the river above the Falls. Lewiston. Trifolium procumbens, L Hop Clover Near Clifton, Ontario. Robinia Pseudacacia, L Common Locust A frequent shade-tree, often spontaneous. Robinia viscosa, Yent Clammy Locust Spontaneous in places near Lewiston. Astragalus Cooperi, Gray Cooper's Milk Vetch Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe fall. Astragalus Canadensis, L Milk Vetch Common on the islands in the river, near Tonawanda. It may be looked for nearer the Falls. Desmodium nudiflorum, DC Tick Trefoil Near DeVaux College. Desmodium acuminatum, DC. Near DeVaux College. Desmodium pauciflorum, DC. "Woods at Niagara Falls." Macoun. Desmodium rotundifolium, DC. Near DeYaux College. Desmodium cuspidatum, Torr. and Gray. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Douglass. 22 Desmodium Dilleiiii, Darlington. Near DeVaux College. Queens ton Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Desmodium paniculatum, DC. Near DeVanx College and on the opposite side of the river. Desm.odium. Canadense, DC. Near Clifton, Ontario. Desmiodium. ciliare, DC. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Lespedeza reticulata, Pers. (L. violacea, Pers. var. sessiUJIora, Torr. and Gray.^ Near DeVaux College. Liespedeza hirta, Ell Bush Clover " Queenston Heights and Niagara Falls," Macoun. Lespedeza eapitata, Michx .Bush Clover Near DeVaux College. Vicia Craeea, L Vetch. Tare Near Clifton, Ontario. Vicia Caroliniana, Walt Vetch Goat Island. Vicia Americana, Muhl Vetch Goat Island. Lathyrus ochroleucus, Hook . . Wild Pea Goat Island, and near the whirlpool, Ontario. Lathyrus paluster, L Marsh Pea var. myrtifolius, Gray. Goat Island and margins of the river above the falls. Amphicarpaea monoica, Elliott . Hog Peanut Goat Island. Apios tuberosa, Moench Ground Nut Doubtless near the falls, but not yet observed by us. Gleditschia triacanthos, L Honey Locust Spontaneo^us along the bank of the river near Lewiston. EOSACE^. Amygdalus Persica, L Peach Spontaneous on Goat Island and near the Devil's Hole. Prunus Americana, Marshall Wild Plum Goat Island and elsewhere. 23 Pkunus Ceeasus, L Common Eed Cherey Spontaneous on Goat Island, and abundant along roadsides below the Falls. Prunus Virginiana, L Choke Cherry Near DeVaux College. Prunus serotina, L Black Cherry Near Clifton, Ontario. Spiraea salicifolia, L . . Common Meado^v^ S^weet. Spiraea Above the Falls on the Canadian side. Neillia opulifolia, Benth. and Hook. {Spirwa opulifolia, L.) Nine-bark Goat Island. The Three Sisters. Rubus odoratus, L Purple Flo^wering Raspberry Goat Island and elsewhere. Rubus triflorus, Eich. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Rubus strigosus, Michx Red Raspberry Goat Island. Rubus occidentalis, L Black Raspberry Goat Island. Rubus villosus, Ait Blackberry Goat Island. Rubus Canadensis, L Dewberry. Low Blackberry Goat Island. Lewiston. Geum album, Gmelin Avens Goat Island. Geum Virginianum, L. Goat Island. Chippewa. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Geum strictum. Ait. Goat Island. Geum rivale, L Purple Avens Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Waldsteinia fragarioides, Tratt Barren Strawberry Goat Island. Fragaria Virginiana, Duchesne Wild Strawberry Goat Island and the main land. Fragaria vesca, L Wood Strawberry Goat Island. 24 Potentilla Norvegica, L. Goat Island and the main land. Potentilla Canadensis, L Cinquefoil Goat Island. var. simplex, Torr. and Gray. Near DeYaux College. Potentilla argentea, L Silvery Cinquefoil Near DeYaux College. Clifton, Ontario. Potentilla Anserina, L Silver Weed Low grounds above the falls on both sides of the river. Potentilla palustris, Scop Marsh Five-finger Chippewa. Clinton. Potentilla pilosa, Willd. Near Clifton, Ontario. This is^he plant called by us, P. recta, L., in the ''Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity." The present deter- mination was by Prof. Macoun. Agrimonia Eupatoria, L Agrimony- Goat Island. Rosa blanda, Ait Early Wild Rose Goat Island. Rosa Carolina, L Swamp Rose Wet grounds, near Clifton, Ontario. Rosa parviflora, Ehrt. {R. lucida, Ehrt.) Shining Rose Goat Island. Rosa rubiginosa, L Sweet Briar Goat Island. Devil's Hole. Lewiston. Rosa micrantha. Smith Sweet Brier Goat Island. Pyrus Malus, L • . • .Apple Spontaneous on Goat Island and near the Devil's Hole and Lewiston. Pyrus communis, L Pear Spontaneous on Goat Island. Pyrus coronaria, L Wild Crab-apple Near DeVaux College. Lewiston. Queenston. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Pyrus Aucuparia, Gaertn Rowan Tree. Mountain Ash Within the gorge of the River, on the Canadian side, near the Cantilever Bridge. 25 Crataegus coccinea, L Thorn Goat Island. Crataegus tomentosa, L Black Thorn Goat Island. Crataegus Crus-galli, L Cockspur Thorn Goat Island. Not common in Western New York ; but here, quite abundant. Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. and Gray ... Shad-bush var. Botryapium, Gray. Goat Island. var. oblongifolia, Gray. Goat Island. Clifton, Ontario^ SAXIFEAGACE.E. Saxifraga Virginiensis Miclix Spring Saxifrage Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Lewiston. Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, L Swamp Saxifrage Cayuga Island, near LaSalle. Clinton. Tiarella cordifolia, L Mitre Wort Goat Island. Mitella diphylla, L Mitre Wort Goat Island. Mitella nuda, L Naked Mitre Wort Near Chippewa. Clinton. Chrysosplenium Americanum, Schw Golden Saxifrage Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Near the water's edge at the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Ribes Cynosbati, L Wild Gooseberry Goat Island. Ribes oxyacanthoides, L. {R. hirtellum, Michx.) . Swamp Goose- berry. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Ribes floridum, L. . Wild Black Currant Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side. 4 26 CRASSULACE^. Penthorum sedoides, L , — ... Ditch Stone Crop Damp places near Clifton, Ontario. Sedum acee, L . . Stone Crop Goat Island and the mainland. Abundant. Sedum ternatum, Michx Stone Crop Attributed to rocky places on Niagara River by Douglass. Not seen by us. Sedum Telephium, L Live-for-ever Near De Vaux College. HAMAMELACEiE. Hamamelis Virginica, L Witch Hazel Near De Vaux College. HALORAGE^. Myriophyllum spicatum, L Water Milfoil Niagara River above the Falls in shallow and quiet places. Myriophyllum verticillatum, L Water Milfoil With the last. Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Michx. Water Milfoil Pools near Clifton, Ontario. LYTHRACE^. Nessea verticillata, H. B. K Swamp Loosestrife Found in several places along the shores of Niagara River near Lake Erie. Therefore very likely to occur near the Falls, but not yet observed by us. ONAGRACE^. Epilobium. spicatum, L. {K augustifoUum, L.) . . .Willow Herb Near De Vaux College. Epilobium hirsutum, L. Introduced near Clifton, Ontario. Perhaps not established. Epilobium palustre, L. var. lineare, Gray. Near Clifton, Ontario. Epilobium. miolle, Torr. In wet places near Clifton, Ontario. 27 Epilobium coloratum, Muhl. Above the Falls on the American side. Lud'wigia palustris, Ell. Not yet seen by us near the Falls, but may be confidently looked for. OSnothera biennis, L Evening Primrose Goat Island and elsewhere. (Enothera pumila, L. {(E. chrysantha, Michx.). .Dwarf Evening Primrose. Near the Cantilver Bridge on the Canadian side of the River. Queens ton Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Gaura biennis, L Gaura Near the Devil's Hole. Circsea Lutetiana, L Enchanter's Nightshade Goat Island. Circsea alpina, L Enchanter's Nightshade Damp and shady woods near Clifton, Ontario. CUCURBITACEJ5. Echinocystis lobata, Torr. and Gray Wild Cucumber Sicyos augulatus, L Star Cucumber These two members of the Gourd family, occurring not rarely in Ontario and Western New York, have not been observed by us near the Falls. They may be expected. FICOIDE^. MoUugo verticillata, L Carpet Weed "On the railway track between Niagara Falls and Queenston." Macoun. UMBELLIFEE^. Hydrocotyle Americana, L Penny Wort Damp and shady places near Clifton, Ontario. Sanicula Canadensis, L Sanicle Goat Island. Sanicula Marilandica, L Sanicle Goat Island. CONIUM MACULATUM, L « PoiSON HeMLOCK Road sides on the mainland. 28 Cicuta maqulata, L Water Hemlock Goat Island. Cicuta bulbifera, L Water Hemlock Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Cakum Cakui, Koch Caraway Goat Island. Sium cicutaefoliumL, Gmel., (S. lineare, Michx.). .Water Parsnip "Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Pim.pinella integerrima, Beuth. and Hooker. {Zizia integerrima, DC.) Near De Vaux College. Cryptotaenia Canadensis, DC Hone Wort • Goat Island. Osmorrhiza longistylis, DC Smooth Sweet Cicely Goat Island. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC Hairy Sweet Cicely Goat Island. Thaspium barbinode, Nutt. Near De Vaux College. Foster Flat, Ontario. Macoun. Thaspium aureum, Nutt Golden Alexanders Goat Island. Archangelica atropurpurea, Hoffm Great Angelica Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Peucedaneum sativum, Beutli. and Hook. {Pastinaca sativa, L.). .Parsnip Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side. Heracleum lanatum, Michx Cow Parsnip Goat Island. More abundant on the mainland. Daucus Carota, L Carrot Near the Cantilever Bridge on the Canadian side. Erigenia bulbosa, Nutt Harbinger of Spring Goat Island. Introduced. Established ? ARALIACE^. Aralia nudicaulis, L Wild Sarsaparilla Goat Island. The Three Sisters. Aralia quinquefolia, Gray Ginseng Goat Island, but rare. Aralia trifolia, Gray. Dwarf Ginseng Goat Island. 29 COENACE^. Cornus florida, L Flowering Dogwood Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Cornus circinata, L'Her Round-leaved Dogwood Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall. Cornus sericea, L , Silky Dogwood Goat Island. Cornus stolonifera, Michx Red Osier Goat Island. Cornus paniculata, L'Her Dog^wood Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Cornus alternifolia, L. Not uncommon in Western New York. Probably overlooked. Nyssa multiflora, Wang Pepperidge. Tupelo Not a rare tree in Erie and Niagara Counties. Ought to be found near the Falls. CAPEIFOLIAC^. Sambucus racemosa, L Red-berried Elder var. pubens, Watson. Goat Island. Sambucus Canadensis, L Elder Goat Island. Viburnum Opulus, L Snowball. Guelder Rose. High Cranberry. Grand Island. Likely to be found on either side of the Kiver near the Falls. Viburnum acerifolium, L Arro^j^ wood Near De Vaux College. Viburnum pubescens, Pursh Arrow wood Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side. Viburnum dentatum, L Arrow wood Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Madagan. Common on Grand Island. Viburnum nudum, L Withe rod Probably in the wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Viburnum Lentago, L . . . . Sheep-berry. Sweet Viburnum V^et grounds near Clifton, Ontario. 30 Triosteum perfoliatum, L Horse Gentian Near De Vaux College. Symphoricarpus racemosus, Michx Snowberry var. pauciflorus, Eobbins. Goat Island. Near De Vaux College and elsewhere. Iionicera ciliata, Muhl Fly Honeysuckle Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. LONICERA TaRTARICA, L TARTARIAN HoNEYSUCKLE Goat Island. *Near De Vaux College. Well established. Lonicera glauca, Hill. {L. parviflora, Lam., var. Douglasii, Gray.) Goat Island. Diervilla trifida, Moench .Bush Honeysuckle Near Clifton, Ontario. EUBIACEiE. Houstonia C8erulea,.L Bluets. Innocence Near Lewiston. Houstonia purpurea, L. var. ciliolata, Gray. Goat Island. Near the Whirlpool, on both sides of the River. Cephalanthus occidentalis, L Button Bush Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Mitchella repens, L Partridge Berry Goat Island. Galium Aparine, L Cleavers Goat Island and elsewhere. Galium Mollugo, L Bed straw Goat Island. Introduced. Galium pilosum, Ait Bedstra^^i^ Near De Vaux College. Queenston, Ontario. iWacoun. Galium circsezans, Michx. Lewiston. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Galium lanceolatum, Michx. Near De Vaux College. Near the Whirlpool. Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Galium boreale, L Northern Bed straw Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Galium triiidum, L. var. tinctorum, Gray. Goat Island. 31 Galium asprellum, Michx Rough Bedstra'w Goat Island. Galium triflorum., Michx Sweet Bedstraw Goat Island. Woods near De Vaux College. VALEKIANACE^. Valeriana officinalis, L Millefleur. Valerian Near the Cantilever Bridge on the Canadian side. Valeriana dioica, L., var. sylvatica, Watson. (V. sylvatica. Kich.) "Meadows, Niagara Falls." [Ontario.] Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Madagan. Not seen by us. DIPSACEiE. DiPSAcus sYLVESTRis, Huds Teasel Above the Falls, on the American side of the River. Near the Devil's Hole. COMPOSITE. Eupatorium purpureum, L Purple Thoroughwort Damp grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Eupatorium perfoliatumi, L Boneset. Thoroughwort Above the Falls on the American side. Eupatorium ageratoides, L White Snakeroot Goat Island and elsewhere. Liatris cylindracea, Michx Button Snakeroot Near De Vaux College. Solidago csesia, L Golden Rod Near De Vaux College. Solidago latifolia, L Golden Rod Goat Island. Solidago bicolor, L Golden Rod Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. var. concolor, Torr and Gray. Near De Vaux College. Solidago ulmifolia, Muhl Golden Rod Goat Island. Solidago neglecta, Torr. and Gray Golden Rod " Niagara Falls." Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess. Solidago arguta, Ait Golden Rod Chippewa. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Madagan. 32 Solidago juncea, Hook. (S. arguta, Ait.) ....... — Golden Rod Goat Island. Solidago serotina, Ait — Golden Rod Goat Island. "Niagara District." Macoun. var. gigantea, Gray. Goat Island. Solidago Canadensis, L. Golden Rod Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Solidago nemoralis, Ait Golden Rod Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Solidago rigida, L Golden Rod Near De Vaux College. Solidago lanceolata, Ait Golden Rod Margin of Niagara Eiver above the Falls on the American side. Bellis peeennis, L English or True Daisy In a lawn at Clifton, Ontario, where it has maintained itself a number of years. Aster corymbosus, Ait Aster Goat Island. Lewiston. Aster macrophyllus, L ... Aster Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Aster Novae- Angliae, L New England Aster Goat Island and above the Falls on either side. Aster patens, Ait Aster Near De Vaux College, var. phlogifolius, Nees. With the typical variety. Aster azureus, Lindl Aster Near De Vaux College. La Salle. Clinton. Aster cordifolius, L Aster Near De Vaux College. Aster sagittifolius, Willd Aster Goat Island. "Niagara." Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Aster laevis, L Aster Near De Vaux College. Aster erieoides, L , Aster Near De Vaux College. Aster multiflorus, L Aster Goat Island. 33 •Aster vimineus, Lam. {A. puniceus, L., var. vimineus. Gray. Aster. Near Clifton, Ontario. Aster diffasus, Ait. {A. miser, Nutt.) Aster Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Aster Tradescanti, L Aster Goat Island. Aster paniculatus, Lam Aster Goat Island. Near De Yaux College. Aster prenanthoides, MuM Aster Near Clifton, Ontario. Aster puniceus, L Aster Goat Island. Aster umbellatus, Mill. {Diplopappus timhellatus, Torr. and Gray.) Aster. Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Aster ptarmicoides, Torr. and Gray Aster Near De Yaux College. A species not common in our region, but here rather abundant. Erigeron bellidifolius, Muhl Poor Robin's Plantain Goat Island. Erigeron Philadelphicus, L Pink Fleabane Near Clifton, Ontario. Erigeron annuus, Pers Fleabane Waste places on the mainland. Erigeron strigosus, Muhl Fleabane Goat Island. Erigeron Canadensis, L Horseweed Mainland above the Falls on the American side. Antennaria plantiginifolia. Hook Everlasting Lewiston. Anaphalis margaritacea, Benth. and Hook. {Antennaria mar- garitacea, K. Br.) Pearly Everlasting Near De Yaux College. Gnaphalium polycephalum, Michx Everlasting Near De Yaux College. Gnaphalium uliginosum, L. Damp places along road sides on the main land. 5 34 Inula Helenium, L Elecampane Goat Island. Polymnia Canadensis, L Leaf-cup Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side of the River, and at the Whirlpool and Foster's Flat, Ontario. Silphium trifoliatum, L. Attributed to the Falls, by Torrey, on the authority of Dr. Eddy, Not observed by us. Ambrosia triflda, L Rag Weed Margin ol the River above the Falls. Ambrosia artemisisefolia, L Rag Weed Goat Island and with the foregoing species. Xanthium Canadense, Mill Cockle-bur Above the Falls on the American side. var. echinatum, Gray. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Heliopsis Igevis, Pers False Sun-flower Near Clifton, Ontario. Rudbeckia hirta, L ... .Yellow Daisy Near Lewiston. Rudbeckia laciniata, L Cone Flower Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Helianthus annuus, L Common Sun-flower Escaped near Lewiston. Helianthus divaricatus, L Sun-flower Goat Island. Helianthus strumosus, L Sun-flower Goat Island. Near DeVaux College. Helianthus decapetalus, L Sun-flower Damp places near Clifton, Ontario. Bidens frondosa, L Cockle. Beggar's ticks "Waste places on the main land. Bidens connata, Muhl Beggar's ticks Goat Island. Bidens cernua, L. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Bidens chrysanthemoides, Michx. With the last and on the American side of the Eiver above the Falls, 35 Bidens Beckii, Torr. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Niagara Eiver near Grand Island. Helenium autumnale, L Sneeze-^^eed Goat Island and elsewhere in wet ground. Anthemis Cotula, L. {Maruta Cotula, D. C). Mayweed Koad sides on the main land. Achillgea Millefolium, L .Yarrow Goat Island. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L Ox-eye Daisy Goat Island and elsewhere. Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Pers Feverfew Lewiston. A garden scape. Tanacetum vulgare, L Tansy Near the Cantilever Bridge on the Canadian side. Artemisia vulgaris, L Mugwort Along the descent to the old landing on the American side of the River, of the steamer "Maid of the Mist." TussiLAGO Farfara, L Coltsfoot By the railroad track between the Devil's Hole and Lewiston. Senecio aureus, L Golden Ragwort Goat Island. var. Balsamitse, Torr. and Gray. Near DeYaux College. Bays sometimes wanting. Senecio vulgaris, L Groundsel American side of the Biver above the Falls. Erechtites hieracifolia, Baf Fireweed Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Arctium Lappa, L Burdock Goat Island. Cnigus arvensis, Hoffm Canada Thistle Goat Island and elsewhere. Cnicus lanceolatus, Hoffm Common Thistle Goat Island and elsewhere. Cnicus pumilus, Torr Pasture Thistle Near DeYaux College. Cnicus altissimus, Willd Tall Thistle var. discolor, Gray. Goat Island. 36 PiCRIS ECHIOIDES, L. "Along the road side between Clifton and Niagara Falls." Macoun. Lampsana communis, L. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Millman. HiERAciuM AUEANTiAcuM, L . . . Hawkweed Goat Island. Introduced. Hieracium Canadense, Michx Canadian Hawkweed Near DeYaux College. Hieracium paniculatum, L Hawkweed With the last. Hieracium venosum, L Hawkweed Goat Island. Hieracium. scabrum., Michx < . • • - - .Hawkweed Near DeVaux College. Hieracium. Gronovii, L Hawkweed Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Prenanthes alba, L. {Nahalus albus, Hook.) White Lettuce Goat Island. Prenantlies altissima, L. {Nabalus altissimus, Hook.) Lewiston. Foster's Flat, Ontario. Taeaxacum officinale, Web Dandelion Goat Island and elsewhere. Lactuca Canadensis, L Wild Lettuce Goat Island. Lactuca iutegrifolia, Bigelow. {L. Canadensis L., var. integrifoUa, Torr. and Gray.) Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Lactuca leucophsea, Gray. (Mulgedium leucophceum, DC.) Blue Lettuce. Goat Island. SONCHUS OLERACEUS, L SoW ThISTLE Goat Island. LOBELIACE^. Lobelia syphilitica, L Blue Lobelia On the American side of the river above the Falls. Lobelia Kalmii, L Kalm's Lobelia Goat Island. Low grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Lobelia inflata, L Indian Tobacco Lewiston and elsewhere. 37 CAMPANULACE^. Specularia perfoliata, A. DC Venus's Looking Glass Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess. Campanula rapunculoides, L Bellwort Koad sides on the main land. Escaped from cultivation. Campanula rotundifolia, L Harebell Goat Island, and thence to Lewiston. Campanula aparinoides, Pursh Marsh Bellflower Goat Island, in grassy places on the edge of the Kiver. Campanula Americana, L Tall Bellflower Near Clifton, Ontaria. EKICACE^. Gaylussacia resinosa, Torr. and Gray Huckleberry Goat Island, and thence to Lewiston. Vaccinium stamineum, L , . . . Deerberry Near DeYaux College and at Lewiston. Vaccinium vacillans, Solander Low Blueberry Goat Island. Vaccinium corymbosum, L . . Swamp Blueberry Wet ground near Clifton, Ontario. Arctostaphylos XJva-ursi, Spreng Bearberry. Killikin- nick. Goat Island. Vicinity of the Whirlpool on both sides of the River. Gaultheria procumbens, L Winter-green Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt Prince's Pine Near DeYaux College. Pyrola secunda, L. Near DeYaux College. Pyrola chlorantha, Swartz. Niagara Falls. Clinton. Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Pyrola elliptica, Nutt. Goat Island. Pyrola rotundifolia, L False Winter-green Near DeYaux College. Pterospora andromedea, Nutt. Near the Whirlpool on the American side. 38 Monotropa uniflora, L Indian Pipe Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Monotropa Hypopitys, L Pine-sap Goat Island. Clinton. A sphagnous swamp, near Black Creek, Ontario, a few miles south of Chippewa, has produced the following named plants of this family : Chiogenes hispidula, Torr. and Gray . . Creeping Snowberry Andromeda polifolia, L Andromeda Cassandra calyculata, Don Leather Leaf Ledum latifolium, Ait Labrador Tea PEIMULACE^. Dodecatheon Meadia, L. American Cowslip. . ; . Shooting Star Goat Island. Introduced. Steironema ciliatum, Kaf. Goat Island. Steironema longifolium, Gray. "Crevices of rocks at Niagara Falls." Macoun. Lysimachia striata, Ait. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Lysimachia Nummularia, L Moneywort Escaping from gardens on the main land. Lysimachia thyrsiflora. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. 0LEACEJ5. LiGUSTRUM VULOARE, L PrIVET Well established near Clifton, Ontario. Syringa vulgaris, L Lilac A well-grown lilac-tree was observed in flower in the gorge of the^ Kiver, on the Canadian side, near the Cantilever Bridge, where it could not have been planted by man. Fraxinus Americana, L White Ash Goat Island and elsewhere. Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lam Black Ash Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. APOCYNACE^. Apocynum androsaemifolium, L Dog Bane Near DeVaux College. 39 Apocynum cannabiixum, L Indian Hemp Goat Island. Prospect Park. Lewiston. ViNCA MINOR, L Periwinkle. Creeping Myrtle Goat Island. Introduced and spreading. ASCLEPIADACE^. Asclepias tuberosa, L Butterfly Weed Below the Falls on both sides of the Eiver. Asclepias incarnata, L Swamp Milkweed Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisne Common Milkweed Goat Island and elsewhere. Asclepias phytolaccoides, Pursh Wood Milkweed Goat Island. Asclepias quadrifolia, L Four-leaved Milkweed Near DeVaux College. Asclepias verticillata, L Whorled Milkweed Near DeYaux College. Acerates viridiflora, Ell Green-flowered Milkweed "Niagara Ealls." Macoun. GENTIANACEiE. Gentiana serrata, Gunner Shorn Gentian Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Gentiana Andrewsii, Grieseb Closed Gentian Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Gentiana crinita, Froel, occurs on Islands in Niagara River, near Lake Erie. Gentiana Saponaria, L., may be looked for on either side of the River above the Falls. Gentiana quinqueflora, Lam., probably will be found on the wooded hillsides near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Trasera Carolinensis, Walt American Columbo Queenston Heights, Ontario. Jos. Sturdy. Macoun. POLEMONIACE^. Phlox divaricata, L , Blue Phlox Goat Island and elsewhere. Polemonium reptans, L Polemonium Goat Island. Uncommon. 40 HYDEOPHYLLACE.E. Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L Water Leaf Goat Island. Clifton, Ontario. Hydrophyllum Canadense, L Water Leaf Near Clifton, Ontario. BOERAGINACE.^. CynoctLOssum officinale, L Hounds-tongue Goat Island and elsewhere. Cynoglossum Virginicum, L Wild Comf rey Near DeVaux College. Echinospermum Virginicum, Lelim. {Cynoglossum Morisom, DC.) Goat Island. Echinospermum Lappula, Lehm Stickweed Road sides on the main land. Myosotis laxa, Lehm Forget-me-not Wet grounds, near Clifton, Ontario. Myosotis verna, Nutt. Lewiston. LiTHOSPERMUM ARVENSE, L CoRN GrOMWELL Goat Island and elsewhere. LiTHOSPERMUM OFFICINALE, L CoMMON GrOMWELL Goat Island and elsewhere. Lithospermum latifolium, Michx. Near DeYaux College. Symphytum officinale, L Comfrey Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. EcHiuM vulgare, L • Viper's Bugloss Below the Falls on the American side. CONVOLYULACE^. Ipom(ea purpurea, Lam Morning Glory Occasionally seen as a garden scape. Convolvulus arvensis, L Bindweed. Above the Falls on the American side. Lewiston. Convolvulus spitliamaeus, L. {Calystegia spithamoea, Pursh.) Hedge-Bind^weed. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Clinton. Abundant near Lewiston. 41 Convolvulus sepium, L. {Calystegia septum, B. R) Wild Morn- ing Glory. Below Prospect park. Near DeVaux College. Cuscuta inflexa, Englemann Dodder Below Lewiston. Identified by Dr. Englemann. Cuscuta Gronovii, Willd Dodder Above the Falls on tlie American side. Cuscuta Epilinum, Weihe Flax Dodder Flax fields near Lewiston. Clinton. SOLANACE^. SOLANUM NIOEUM, L CoMMON NiGHTSHADE Waste places on the main land. SoLANUM Dulcamara, L Bittersweet Goat Island. Physalis Virginiana, Mill. (P. viscosa L.) Ground Cherry Below the Falls on the Canadian side. Lycium vulgare, Dunal Matrimony Yine Near the lower Suspension Bridge, on the American side. Clinton. Datura Stramonium, L Stramonium. Thorn Apple "Waste places on the main land. Datura Tatula, L Purple Thorn Apple Near Lewiston. HyOSCYAMUS NIGER, L HeNBANE Niagara. Judge Logie. SCEOPHULAEIACE^. Verbascum Thapsus, L Mullein Goat Island and elsewhere. Yerbascum Blattaria, L Moth Mullein Niagara Falls, Ontario, and between Qiieenston and Niagara. Macoun. LiNARiA vulgaris, Mill Butter-and-Eggs. Toad Flax Above the Falls on the American side. Lewiston. CoUinsia verna, Nutt. Goat Island. Introduced. Scrophularia nodosa, M Figwort var. Marilandica, Gray. Goat Island. 6 42 Chelone glabra, L Turtle-Head Wet ground near Clifton, Ontario. Pentstemon pubescens, Solander Pentstemon Goat Island and elsewhere. Pentstemon Isevigatus, Solander. {P. Digitalis, Nutt.) . . . Pent- stemon. Goat Island. Introduced. Mimulus ringens, L Monkey-Flower Low grounds on the American side above the Falls. Gratiola Virginiana, L. With the last. Gill Creek. Clinton. Veronica Virginica, L Culver's Physic Goat Island. Introduced. Veronica Anagallis, L Water Speedwell Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Veronica Americana, Schw Brooklime Margin of river on the American side above the Falls. Veronica scutellata, L Marsh Speedwell Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Veronica oflBLcinalis, L Speedwell Near Lewiston. Veronica serpyllifolia, L Thyme-leaved Speedwell Goat Island. Veronica peregrina, L. Above the Falls on the American side. Veronica arvensis, L Corn Speedwell Goat Island. Gerardia flava, L Downy False Foxglove Near'DeYaux College. Gerardia quercifolia, Pursh Smooth False Foxglove Goat Island. Near DeVaux College. Gerardia purpurea, L Purple Gerardia Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, On* ario. Gerardia tenuifola, Vahl. Near DeVaux College. Castilleia coccinea, Spreng Painted Cup Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Pedicularis Canadensis, L ,.......,, — Lousewort Goat Island. 43 Pedicularis lanceolata, Michx. ' Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Melampyrum Americanura, Michx Cow- wheat Goat Island. Near DeYaux College. OKOBANCHACEJE. Aphyllon uniflorum, Gray Broom-rape Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Conopholis Americana, Walk Cancer-root Above the Falls on the American side. Clinton. "Vicinity of Niagara Falls." Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Madagan. Epiphegus Virginiana, Bart Beechdrops Goat Island. Not common. LENTIBULAEIACE^. Utricularia vulgaris, L Bladderwort Shallow and quiet places in Niagara river, near the American shore above the Falls. Utricularia cornuta, Michx. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Not common now. "Abun- dant on the Table Kock." [1818.] NuUall, Gen. Am. PL, vol. 1, p. 14. ACANTHACE^. Dianthera Americana, L Water Willow Margin of Niagara River above the Falls on the American side. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun on the authority of Dr. Madagan. VERBENACE^. Phryma Leptostachy a, L Lop-seed Goat Island. Verlbena urticsefolia, L White Vervain Above the Falls on the American side. Verbena hastata, L Blue Vervain Goat Island and elsewhere. LABIATE. Teucrium Canadense, L Germander Goat Island. Chippewa, Ontario. Maooun, on the authority of Dr. Madagan. Ajuga reptans, L Bugle Goat Island. Introduced. 44 CoUinsonia Canadensis, L Horse Balm Near Clifton, Ontario. Mentha viridis, L Spearmint Goat Island. Clinton. Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr, Burgess. Mentha piperita, L - Peppermint Above the Falls on the American side. Near Lewiston. Mentha Canadensis, L Wild Mint Goat Island and elsewhere. Lycopus Virginicus, L - • Bugle Weed Goat Island. Tjycopus sinuatus. Ell. (L. Europceus, L., var. sinuatus, Gray.) Shore of Niagara Kiver on the American side above the Falls. Pyenanthemum lanceolatum, Pursh Mountain Mint Near DeYaux College. Calamintha Nuttallii, Benth. (G. glabella, Benth., var. Nuttallii, Gray.) In wet, rocky i3laces above Clifton, Ontario. Calamintha Clinopodium, Beuth - Basil Goat Island. Melissa officinalis, L Lemon Balm Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess. Hedeoma pulegioides, Pers False Penny Royal Near Lewiston. Salvia officinalis, L oage Near DeVaux College. Well established. Monarda fistulosa, L Horse Mint Goat Island and elsewhere. Monarda didyma, L., Scarlet Balm, ought to be found in the low, rich grounds along the Kiver, near Clifton, Ontario. Iiophanthus nepetoides, Benth Giant Hyssop Near DeVaux College. Between Niagara Falls and Lake Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Madagan. Iiophanthus scrophularisefolius, Benth. Slopes of Queenston Heights. Macoun. Nepeta Catama, L Catnep Goat Island. Nepeta Glechoma, Benth Ground Ivy Goat Island. 45 Scutellaria lateriflora, L SkuU-Cap Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Scutellaria parvula, Michx Skull-Cap Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Scutellaria galericulata, Michx Skull-Cap Goat Island and elsewhere. Brunella vulgaris, L Heal- All Goat Island and elsewhere. Physostegia Virginiana, Benth. Shores of the river above the Falls. Leonukus Cardiaca, L Motherwort Goat Island. Stachys aspera, Michx. {S. palustris, L., var. aspera, Gray.) Hedge Nettle. Goat Island. PL ANT AGINIACE^. Plantaoo major, L Common Plaintain Goat Island and elsewhere. PlantagO Rugellii, Decaisne. (P. Kamtschatica, Cham.) Plaintain Goat Island and elsewhere. Plantago lanceolata, L Rib grass Near Clifton, Ontario. Plantago media, L. "Niagara." Provancher, Flore Ganadienne,p. iHL Not seen by us. AMARANTACEiE. Amarantus retroflexus, L Pigweed Road sides on the main land. Amaranthus albus, L White Amarant Road sides on the main land. CHENOPODIACE^. Chenopodium album, L Pigweed Goat Island and elsewhere. Chenopodiijm glaucum, L. Road sides and waste places on the main land. Chenopodium urbicum, L • • • Pigweed Bath Island. Chenopodium hybridum, L. Goat Island. 46 CSENOPUDIUM BOTRYS, L OaK-OF-JeRUSALEM " Niagara Fajls." Macoun. Atriplex patula, L Orache var. HASTATA, Gray. American side of tlie River above the Falls. var. LiTTORALis, Gray. With the last. PHYTOLACCACEiE. Phytolacca decandra, L Poke weed Goat Island. POLYGONACE^. Polygonum aviculare, L Knot Grass Waste places on the main land. Polygonum erectum, L. Above the Falls on the American side. Polygonum incarnatum, Ell. Shores of the River above the Fall. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, L. "In the Niagara District." Macoun, on the authority of Dr, Maclagan. Polygonum amphibium, L. Islands of Niagara River. Clinton. Polygonum Muhlenbergii, Watson. (P. amphibium, L. var. terrestre, Willd.) Margin of the River above the Falls. Polygonum Perstcaria, L Lady's Thumb Waste places on the main land. Polygonum Hydropiper, L Smart weed Margin of the River above the Falls. Polygonum acre, H. B. K Smart weed On the American side of the River above the Falls. Polygonum hydropiperoides, Michx. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Polygonum arifolium, L Tear-thumb Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Z>7\ Maclagan. Polygonum sagittatum, L Tear-thumb Doubtless to be found in the low, wet ground near Clifton, Ontario. Polygonum Convolvulus, L Black Bindweed Waste places and road sides of the main land. 47 Polyonuin dumetorum, L False Buck^^heat var. scandens, Gray. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. RuMEx CKispus, L Yellow dock Road sides on the main land. RuMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS, L BiTTER DOCK In similar places as the last. RuMEX ACETOSELLA, L ShEEP SoRREL Near Clifton, Ontario. ARISTOLOCHIACE^. Asarum Canadense, L Wild Ginger Near Clifton, Ontario. Lewis con. Only the larger form (or species?) noticed. PIPERACE^. Saururus cernuus, L Lizard's Tail "Charles's Island above the Falls." [Ontario.] Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess. JjAVBACM. Sassafras ofELcinale, Nees Sassafras Lewiston. Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Lindera Benzoin, Meisner Spice bush Goat Island and the Three Sisters. THYMELACE^. Dirca palustris, L Moosewood Niagara, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Daphne Mezereum, L Mezereon Goat Island. Introduced and spreading. ELEAGNACE^. Shepherdia Canadensis, Nutt Shepherdia Goat Island and on each side of the River to Lewiston and Queenston. SANTALACE^. Comandra nmbellata, Nutt Bastard Toad-Fla:;^: Goat Island. Lewiston and elsewhere. 48 EUPHOEBIACE^. Euphorbia maculata, L Spotted Spurge Main land on both sides of the Kiver. Euphorbia platyphylla, L Spurge Road sides on the main land. EuPHOEBiA Helioscopia, L Spurge With the last. Euphorbia Cyparissias, L , Cypress Spurge Escaped. Euphorbia hypericifolia, L Spurge Above the Falls on the American side. Acalypha Virginica, L Three-seeded Mercury Near DeVaiix College. CERATOPHYLLACEiE. Ceratophyllum demersum, L Hornw^ort In shallow places in the River above the Falls on the American side. In pools near Clifton, Ontario. URTICACE^. XJlmus fulva, Michx Slippery Elm Goat Island. Lewiston. Ulmus Americana, L American Elm Goat Island. Ulmus racemosa, Thomas Thomas's Elm Bath Island. Planted. Ulmus campestris, L English Elm, Luna Island. Planted. Celtis occidentalis, L Nettle Tree. Sugar Berry " Rather common between Queenston and Niagara." Macoun. Morus rubra, L Red Mulberry Near DeYaux College. One small specimen observed near the Ferry landing on the Canadian side. "Not uncommon from Niagara Town along the river to the Whirlpool." Macoun. MoRUS ALBA, L WmTE MuLBERRY Spontaneous near Lewiston. Niagara Falls. Macoun. Morus An undetermined species has been planted on Luna Island, 49 Urtica gracilis, Ait Tall Nettle Goat Island. Laportea Canadensis, Gaud Wood Nettle Damp grounds above Clifton, Ontario. Filea pumila, Gray Richweed Goat Island. Bcehmeria cylindrica, Willd. has probably been overlooked. Cannabis sativa, L . . . Hemp Waste places on the main land. PLATANACE^. Platanus occidentalis, L . . . . . . Button Wood. Sycamore Goat Island. JUGLANDACEJS: Juglans cinerea, L Butternut American side of the Kiver above the Falls. Juglans nigra, L Black Walnut Near DeVaux College. " Niagara Falls." 3Iacoun. Carya alba, Nutt .... White Hickory. Shell-bark Hickory Goat Island. Near DeYaux College. "At Queenston Heights and the Falls it constitutes the greater part of the forest." Macoun. Carya tomentosa, Nutt Hairy Hickory "Amongst other hickories in the Niagara peninsula." Macoun. Carya porcina, Nutt Pignut Hickory " Queenston Heights and Niagara Falls." Macoun. Carya amara, Nutt Bitter Hickory Goat Island. In the village near the River. Below Lewiston. BETULACE^. Betula lenta, L Black Birch Goat Island. Betula lutea, Michx , Yellow Birch Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall. Betula papyracea. Ait Paper Birch Goat Island. Below Lewiston. Alnus incana, Willd Alder Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. 7 50 CUPULIFEE^. Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. {Garpinus Americana, Miclix.) Blue Beech. Goat Island. Ostrya Virginica, Willd Iron Wood. Hop Hornbean Goat Island. Some of the trees very large. Corylus rostrata, Ait Hazelnut Near DeYaux College. Corylus Avellana, L European Filbert Planted on Luna Island. Fagus ferruginea, Ait , Beech Goat Island. Abundant. Castanea vulgaris. Lam — Chestnut var. Americana, A. DC. Near DeVaux College. Lewiston. Queenston. Quercus alba, L White Oak Goat Island ; but more abundant near DeYaux College. Quercus obtusiloba, Michx Post Oak " Niagara Falls." Provancher, Flore Ganadienne, p. 543. Quercus Prinus, L Chestnut Oak "Niagara." Provancher, Flore Ganadienne^ p. 543. Q,uercus nxacrocarpa, Michx Bur Oak "Niagara." Provancher, Flore Ganadienne, p. 543. Quercus prinoides, Willd. {Q. Prinus, L., var. humilis, Gray.) Dwarf Chestnut Oak. Goat Island. " Common on Queenston Heights and in numerous places around Niagara." Macoiin. Quercus rubra, L Red Oak Near Clifton, Ontario. QrUercus coccinea, Wang Scarlet Oak Goat Island. "In the forest along the Niagara river it is an adundant tree." Macoun. Quercus tinctoria, Bartram Quercitron Near DeYaux College. "Not uncommon at Niagara." llacoun, Quercus palustris, Du Eoi , Pin Oak "Wet woods below Queenston Heights." Macoun. SALICACE^. Salix nigra, Marsh Black Willow Goat Island. Moist places near Queenston, Ontario, Macoun, 51 Salix lucida, Muhl .Shining Willow Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Salix discolor, Muhl Glaucous Willow Goat Island. Salix rostrata, Eich^rdson. (S. livida, WaliL, yar. occidentalis, Gray.) Livid Willow. Above the Falls on both sides of the River. Salix petiolaris, Smith. American side of the Hiver above the Falls. Salix cordata, Muhl Heart leaved Willow Goat Island. Salix puepurea, L Basket Willow On the American side of the Biver, above the Falls. ''Betw^een Niagara Town and Queenston." Macoun. Salix alba, L., and Salix Babylonica, L. are not uncommon in cultivation. POPULUS ALBA, L AbELE. WhITE PoPLAR Near DeVaux College. PopuLus CANESCENS, Smith White Poplar Planted as a shade tree in places. This and the last species have been often confounded by American botanists. P. canescens is much the commoner. Populus tremuloides, Michx American Aspen Goat Island. Populus grandidentata, Michx Large-toothed Aspen Godt Island. The Three Sisters. Populus monilifera, Ait Cotton wood Goat Island and occasionally on both sides of the River, above the Falls to Lake Erie. Populus balsamifera, L. var. candicans, Gray Balm of Gilead Lewiston. A single tree near the Ferry landing on the Canadian side ; probably not planted. The typical form may occur in the vicinity of the Falls as it is not uncommon on the islands in the River near Lake Erie, Not yet observed near the Falls. Populus dilatata, L Lombakdy Poplar Planted as a shade tree on the main land and spreading by the root. 52 CONIFERS. Thuja occidentalis, L Arbor- vitee. White Cedar Goat Island. Near DeVaiix College. The most abundant of the evergreens growing near the Falls. Juniperus communis, L Juniper Goat Island. Juniperus Virginiana, L Red Cedar Goat Island. Apparently disappearing. Taxus baccata, L., var. Canadensis, Gray. Ground Hemlock American Yew. Goat Island. Pinus Strobu^, L White Pine Goat Island. A few specimens. More plentiful and of larger growth near De Yaux College and below. Tsuga Canadensis, Carriere. {Abies Canadensis, Michx.) . Hemlock Goat Island. Not a prevailing tree. HYDKOGHARIDACEiK. Elodea Canadensis, Mich. {Anacharis Canadensis, Tlsmch.) ...., . Water Snake- Weed. In the old mill-race above the Falls on the American side and elsewhere. Vallisneria spiralis, L Tape-grass. Ell-grass With the last. ORCHIDACEJE. Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt Coral root Near the Whirlp^ool, Ontario. Spiranthes latifolia, Torr Ladies' Tresses Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Spiranthes cernua, Rich. Ladies' Tresses In the same places as. the last. Habenaria Hookeri ana, Torr. {Hahenaria Hookeri, Torr.) Twa Blade. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Habenaria hyperborea, R. Br. Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall. Cypripedium pubescens, Willd . . Ladies' Slipper. Moccasin Flo-wer. Near De Yaux College. 53 Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb. .. Ladies' Slipper. Moc- casin Flower. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. lEIDACE^. Iris versicolor, L Blue Flag Goat Island. In wet places above the Falls on both sides of the River. Sisyrinchium anceps, Cav. {SisyrimMum Bermudiana, L. var. anceps, Gray.) Blue-eyed Grass Near De Vaux College. Sisyrinchium mucronatufn, Mich. {Sisyrinchium Bermudiavu, L. var. mucronatum, Gray.) Not seen by us. Probably overlooked. SMILACEJE. Smilax herbacea, L Carrion Flower Near De Yaux College. Smilax hispida, Muhl. (Cat-Brier), and Smilax rotundifolia, L., (Green Brier), have not been observed, but probably may be found. LILIACEiE. Allium tricoccum, Ait Wild Leek Goat Island. Abundant. Allium Canadense, Kalm. Goat Island. Not common. Polygonatum Tbiflorum, Ell Solomon's Seal Goat Island. Smilacina racemosa, Desf False Solomon's Seal Goat Island and elsewhere. Smilacina stellata, Desf. Goat Island. Only the small variety. Maianthemum Canadense, Desf. {Smilacina bifolia, Ker. var. Canadensis, Gray.) Two-leaved Solomon's Seal ASPAKAGUS OFFICINALIS. L ASPAKAGUS Goat Island and elsewhere. Not common. Lilium Philadelphicum, L Fire Lily Near De Yaux College. HeMEROCALLIS FULVA, L 1^^^ LilLY Near the Cantilever bridge on the Canadian side. Escaped from cultivation. 54 Erythronium Americanum, Ker. Yellow Adder's-Tongue Goat Island and elsewhere. Uvularia grandiflora, Smith Bell-wort Goat Island. Oakesia sessilifolia, Watson. ( Uvularia sessilifolia, L.) Small Bellwort. Goat Island. Streptopus roseus, Michx Streptopus Goat Island. Prosartes lanuginosa, Don Prosartes Goat Island. Veratrum viride Ait False Helebore Low grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Chamaelirium Carolinianum, Wild. {Ghamwlirium lufeum, Gray.) Devil's Bit. Between Stamford and the Whirlpool, Ontario. Abundant. Medeola Virginica, L Cucumber Root Goat Island. Not common. Trillium erectum, L Purple Trillium Goat Island. var. album, Pursh. With the typical form. Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb Large White Trillium Goat Island. Flower with green stripes through the petals frequently produced. PONTEDEKIACE^. Pontederia cordata, L Pickerel Weed Niagara Kiver above the Falls in quiet places. SchoUera graminifolia, Willd Water Star Grass Not uncommon along the margin of Niagara River near Lake Erie and likely to be found in places nearer the Falls. JUNCACEiE. Luzula pilosa, Willd Hairy Wood-Rush Near De Vaux College. Luzula campestris, DC With the last. Juncus ejffusus, L Soft Rush Above the Falls near the Eiver on the American side. 55 Juncus bufonius, L Rush In similar situations as the last. Juncus tenuis, Willd Rush Low places on the main land. Juncus acuminatus, Mich Rush var. debilis, Engieman. In low grounds. Juncus nodosus, L Rush Goat Island, in wet places near the margin of the Eiver. var. megacephalus, Torr. With the last. Juncus Canadensis, J. Gay Rush On both sides of the River above the Falls. TYPHACE^. Typha latifolia, L Cat-tail Flag At the water's edge near the foot of the American staircase. Typha angustifolia, L. Warrow-leaved Cat-tail Flag Niagara Falls. Clinton. Sparganium eurycarpum, Engieman Bur Reed American side of the River above the Falls. Sparganium simplex, Hudson Bur Reed With the last. AR0IDEJ5. Arissema triphyllum, Torr . . . Indian Turnip. Jack-in-the- Pulpit. Goat Island. A large and small variety common. Peltandra Virginica, Raf Arrow Arum Niagara Falls. Clinton. Not seen by us. Perhaps P. undulata, Raf. Symplocarpus foetidus, Salisb Skunk's Cabbage Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Acorus Calamus, L Calamus, S^weet Flag With the last. LEMNACEiE. Lemna trisulca, L Duck's meat Niagara River above the Falls in quiet places. Spirodela polyrrhiza, Schleid Duck's meat In similar places as the last. Wolflaa Columbiana, Karst. Niagara River above the Falls. Prof, Kellicott. 56 ALISMACE^. Alisma Plantago, L Water Plantain var. Americana, Gray. Margin of Niagara Eiver above the Falls. Sagittaria variabilis, Engelmann Arrow-Head Above the Falls in wet places on the Canadian side. Sagittaria heterophylla, Pursh. Niagara liiver, near La Salle. Glmton. Triglochin palustre, L. Wet ground above Clifton, Ontario. Of unusual size. NAIADACE^. Naias flexilis, Eostk Naiad Niagara Eiver above the Falls. Zannichellia palustris, L Horned Pondweed Abundant in the upper portion of Niagara Eiver and therefore to be expected nearer the Falls. Potamogeton natans, L Pondw^eed Niagara Eiver near Strawberry Island. Clinton. Potamogeton hybridus, Michx Pondweed Black Creek, Ontario, opposite Grand Island. Potamogeton rufescens, Schrader ; Pondweed Niagara Eiver. Rev. Thomas Morong. Potamogeton JB-uitans. Eoth. {P. lonchites, Tuckerman.) . . Pond- weed. Niagara Eiver. Eev. Thomas Morong. Potamogeton lucens, L Pondweed Niagara Eiver. Potamogeton amplifolins, Tuckerman Pondweed Niagara Eiver. Eev. Thomas Morong. Potamogeton gramineus, L Pondw^eed var. heterophyllus, Fries. Niagara Eiver. var. elongatus, Morong. Niagara Eiver. Bev. Thomas Morong. Potamogeton prselongus, Wulf en Pondw^eed Niagara. Frovancher, Flore Ganadienne, p. 627. Potamogeton perfoliatus, L Pond^weed var. lanceolatus, Eobbins. Niagara Eiver. Rev. Thomas Morong. 57 Potamogeton zosterisefolius, Schum. (P. compressus, L.) . . Poiad- \¥eed. Niagara River. Potamogeton Niagarensis, Tuckerman Pond"weed " Rapids above the Falls." Gray's Manual, {5th Ed.) p. 489. Rediscovered, after many years, in 1886, in the old mill-race above the Falls, on the American side, by the Rev. Thomas Morong. Potamogeton paucifiorus, Pursh Pondweed Niagara River. Potamogeton pusillus, L , Pond^^eed Niagara River. Potamogeton pectinatus, L Pondweed Niagara River. Potamogeton Robbinsii, Oakes Pondw^eed Niagara River. [Note.— It is not asserted that all the species of PotamogetoDj above named, have yet been detected in the immediate vicinity of the Falls, but as they all occur more or less abundantly in the upper portion of the Elver (except as noted), they may well be expected nearer the Falls.] CYPERACE^. Cyperus diandrus, Torr Galingale var. castaneus, Torr. Goat Island, on the east side, near the River. Cyperus esculentus, L. (Cyperus phymatodes, Muhl.) . . Galingale Goat Island near the River. Cyperus strigosus, L Galingale Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Cyperus filiculmis, Vahl., has probably been overlooked. Dulichium spathaceum, Richard Duliehium Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Eleocliaris ovata, R. Br. {Eleocharis obtusa, Schult.) . . Spike Rush Near the shores of the River above the Falls. Eleocharis palustris, R. Br Spike Rush With the last and growing in the water. Eleocharis tenuis, Schult Spike Rush Damp places above the Falls. Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br Spike Rush Shores of the River above the Falls on either side. 8 58 Scirpus planifolius, Muhl Spike Rush Near De Yaux College. Scirpus pungens, Yahl Spike Rush Wet places above Clifton^ Ontario. Scirpus lacustris, L. {S. validus, Valil.) Great Bull Rush Margin of the Eiver, on the American side, above the Falls. Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Scirpus fluviatilis, Gray Club Rush Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Scirpus atrovirens, Muhl. Wet places along the River above the Falls on either side. Scirpus lineatus, Michx. East side of Goat Island in wet places near the River. Eriophorum cyperinum, L, {Scirpus Eriophorum, Mich.) . . Wool Grass. Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Carex polytrichoides, Muhl Sedge Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Carex Steudellii, Kunth Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex bromoides, Schkr Sedge Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Carex vulpinoides, Michx Sedge Above the Falls, on the American side, in low places. Carex stipata, Muhl Sedge With the last. Carex rosea, Schkr Sedge Groat Island in damp places. var. retroflexa, Torr. {Carex retroflexa, Muhl.) Sedge Goat Island in damp places. Carex sterilis, Willd , Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex scoparia, Schkr Sedge With the last. Carex tribuloides, Wahl. {Carex lagopodioides, Schkr.). . .Sedge With the last. var. cristata, Bailey. {Carex cristata, Scliw.) Sedge Goat Island. 59 Carex straminea, Schkr Sedge Near De Yaux College. Carex aquatilis, Willd Sedge Margin of the River above tlie Falls. Carex torta, Boott Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex striata, Lam Sedge In wet, grassy places on the American side above the Falls. Carex crinita, Lam Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex aurea, Nutt Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex granularis, Muhl Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex conoidea, Schkr Sedge Moist places on the American side above the Falls. Carex grisea, Wahl Sedge With the last. Carex virescens, Muhl Sedge Near De Vanx College. Carex plantaginea, Lam Sedge Near Lewiston. Carex retrocurva, Dew Sedge Goat Island. Carex piatyphylla, Carey Sedge Near De Vaux College. Carex digitalis, Willd , . : Sedge Goat Island. Carex laxiflora. Lam Sedge var. plantiginea, Boott. Near De Vaux College. Carex elburnea, Boott Sedge Groat Island, and near De Yaux College. Carex Pennsylvanica, Lam Sedge Lewiston. Carex varia, Muhl Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex prasina, Wahl. {Carex miliacea, Muhl.) Sedge Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. 60 Garex debilis, Michx Sedge With the last. Carex CEderi, Ketz Sedge Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe Fall. Niagara. Frovancher, Flore Ganadienne, p. 658. Carex riparia, Curtis Sedge Eastern side of Goat Island. Carex trichocarpa, Muhl Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex eomosa, Boott Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex intumescens, Eudge Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex lupulina, Muhl Sedge Wet grounds above the Falls on either side. Carex rostrata. With. var. utriculata, Bailey. (Carex utriculata, Boott.). Sedge With the last. [ Note.— It is not unlikely that a number of other species of this large and difficult genus may still be found in the vicinity of the Falls ; and, as our specimens have not been submitted to any one who has made the Carices a special study, it is quite probable that some of our determina- tions may prove erroneous.] GKAMINEJi]. Panicum glabrtjm, Gaudin Panic Grass Eoad sides on the main land. Panicum sanguinale, L Crab Grass. Panic Grass Above the Falls on the American side of the Eiver. Panicum eapillare, L Witch Grass A garden weed on the main land. Panicum virgatum, L Panic Grass Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Dry places near De Vaux College. The latter an unusual situation. Panicum latifolium, L Panic Grass Near De Vaux College. Panicum clandestinum, L Panic Grass Goat Island. Panicum dichotomum, L Panic Grass Near De Vaux College. 61 Panicum depauperatum, Muhl Panic Grass Goat Island and the Three Sisters in rocky places. Panicum Crus-galli, L Barn-Yard Grass Waste places on the main land. Setaria viridis, Beauv Green Fox-tail Grass Above the Falls on the American side. Spartina cynosurioides, Willd. . , Cord Grass Margin of the Eiver above the Falls on either side. Zizania aquatica, L Wild Rice Niagara River above the Falls. Lieersia Virginica, Willd White Grass Goat Island. Leersia oryzoides, Swartz Rice Cut Grass Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Andropogon provincialis, Lam. {A. furcatus, Muhl.) — Beard Grass. Near De Yaux College. Andropogon scoparius, Michx Beard Grass Near De Vaux College. Clirysopogon nutans, Benth. {Sorghum nutans, Gray.) . . Indian Grass. Near DeVaux College. Phalaris arundinacea, L Reed Canary Grass Near Clifton, Ontario, Islands in the Kiver above the Falls. Oryzopsis melanocarpa, Muhl — Mountain Rice Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Oryzopsis asperifolia, Michx Mountain Rice Goat Island. Near DeYaux College. Oryzopsis j uncea, Michx. ( Oryzopsis Canadensis, Torr. ) . . Mountain Rice. Near Lewiston. Muhlenbergia glomerata, Trin Drop-seed Grass Niagara Falls. Clinton. Muhlenbergia Mexicana, Trin Drop-seed Grass Niagara Falls. Clinton. Muhlenbergia sylvatica, Torr. and Gray .... Drop-seed Grass Foster's Flat, Ontario. Clinton. Muhlenbergia Willdenovii, Trin Drop-seed Grass Lewiston. 62 Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreb Nimble Will Near the Whirlpool, Ontaria. Clinton. Muhlenbergia capillaris, Kunth Hair Grass "On the talus below the Falls on the American side." Clinton. Brachyelytrum aristatum, Beaud. Goat Island. Near De Yaux College. Phleum pratense, L Timothy Goat Island and the main land. Alopecurus geniculatus, L Fox-tail Grass Near the lower Suspension bridge, Ontario. * Sporobolus vaginaeflorus, Vasej. ( Vilfa vaginoeflora, Torr.). . Rush Grass. Lewiston. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Agrostis perennans, Tuckerman Thin Grass Lewiston. Agrostis scabra, Willd . . Hair Grass Near DeVaux College. Agrostis alba, L. {Agrostis vulgaris, With.) Red Top Grass Grassy places. Goat Island and elsewhere. var. vulgaris, Thurb Fiorin Margin of the Eiver above the Falls on the American side. Cinna arundinacea, L Reed Grass Near Clifton, Ontario. Deyeuxia Canadensis, Beauv. {Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauv.) Blue-joint Grass. Goat Island, on the water's edge. Deschampsia flexuosa, Griseb. {Airaflexuosa, L.) ... Common Hair Grass. Near DeVaux College. Deschampsia csespitosa, Beauv. {Air a ccespitosa, L.) Hair Grass. Goat Island. Avena striata, Michx Wild Oat Lewiston and elsewhere. Avena sativa, L Oat Koad sides above the Falls. Not persistent. Danthonia spicata, Beauv Wild Oat Grass Near DeVaux College. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario, 63 Phragmites communis, Trin Reed Niagara River above the Falls. Eatonia Pennsylvanica, Gray Eatonia Moist places above the Falls. Dactylis glomerata, L Orchard Grass Above the Falls on the American side. Poa annua, L Low Spear Grass Go&t Island and the main land. Poa compressa, L . . . Wire Grass Goat Island and the main land. Poa serotina, Ehrh False Red Top Wet grounds above Clifton, Ontario. Poa pratensis, L . . . . . Common Meadow Grass. Kentucky Blue Grass. Goat Island. Poa debilis, Torr. Near De Vaux College. Poa alsodes, Gray. Near De Yaux College. Glyceria nervata, Trin Fowl-Meadow Grass Above the Falls on both sides of the Eiver. Glyceria pallida, Trin. Niagara river above the Falls on the American side. Glyceria arundinacea, Kunth. {G. aquatica, Smith.) Reed Meadow Grass. Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Glyceria fluitans, K. Br. Old mill-race above the Falls on the American side. Festuca duriuscula, L. {F. ovina, L., var. duriuscula, Gray.) Sheep's Fescue. Goat Island. Festuca elatior, L Meadow Fescue Goat Island. Festuca nutans, Spreng Fescue Near DeYaux College. Lewis ton. Bromus secalinus, L , , . , , Chess Fields near Lewiston. 64 Bromus racemosus, L Ohess Fields near Lewiston. Bromus Kalmii, Gray Wild Chess Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Bromus ciliatus, L . .Wild Chess Near De Vaux College. LOLIUM TEMULENTUM, L BeaRDED DaRNEL Near the landing of the old steamer "Maid of the Mist," on the American side. Clinton. Agropyrum. repens, Beauv. {Triticum repens, L.) ... Couch, Quitch, or Quick Grass. Boad sides near Clifton, Ontario. Agropyrumi caninum, B. and S. ( Triticum caninum, L.) . . Awned Wheat Grass. Goat Island. Elymus Virginicus, L Lyme Grass On either side of the Biver above the Falls. Elym.us Canadensis, L Lyme Grass Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Elymus striatus, Willd Lyme Grass Near De Vaux College. Asprella Hystrix, Willd. {Gynostichum Hystrix, Schreb.) . . Bottle- Brush Grass. EQUISETACE^. Equisetum arvense, L. Horse-Tail Goat Island and elsewhere. Eiquisetum limosum, L Horse-Tail Islands of Niagara Biver. Clinton. Equisetum palustre, L Horse-Tail Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Equisetum hyemale, L Scouring Rush Near the Whirlpool, Ontario, and elsewhere. Equisetum variegatum, Schleicher. Goat Island. Wet places above the Falls, on the Canadian side. Equisetum scirpoides, Michx. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. 65 OPHIOGLOSSACE^. Botrychium Virginianum, Swartz. {B. Virginicum, Swartz.) Moonwort. Goat Island and elsewhere. Botrychium ternatum, Swartz Moon wort var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. {B, lunarioides, T>. C. Eaton.) Near Clifton, Ontario. Ophioglossum vulgatum, L Adder's Tongue Occurs on Grand Island, and may, therefore, be confidently looked for in favorable situations near the Falls. FILICES. Onoclea Struthiopteris, Hoffm. (Struthioptens Germanica, Willd.) Ostrich Fern. Goat Island and elsewhere. Onoclea sensibilis, L Sensitive Fern Goat Island and elsewhere. Osmunda regalis, L Royal Fern Goat Island. Not common. Near Clifton, Ontario. Osmunda Claytoniana, L Interrupted Fern Near Clifton, Ontario. Osmunda cinnamomea, L Cinnamon Fern Near Clifton^ Ontario. Cystopteris fragilis, Swartz. Between Lewiston and Youngstown. Near De Vaux College. Cystopteris bulbifera, Bern Bladder Fern Goat Island and along the American stair-case. Near the Whirl- pool, Ontario. Aspidium Noveboracense, Swartz New York Fern Goat Island. Aspidium Thelypteris, L Shield Fern Goat Island. Aspidium spinulosum, Swartz Shield Fern var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. Near Clifton, Ontario. Aspidium cristatum, Swartz Shield Fern Foster's Flat, Ontario. 9 66 Aspidium Goldianum, Hook Shield Fern Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Aspidium marginale, Swartz Shield Fern G-oat Island. Devil's Hole. Foster's Flat, Ontario. Aspidium. Lonchitis, Swartz Shield Fern "Sparingly at Foster's Flat," Ontario. Burgess. Aspidium achrostichoides, Swartz Christmas Fern Goat Island. Near De Yaux College. Lewiston. Phegopteris Dryopteris, Fee Beech Fern Devil's Hole. Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Link Walking Fern Not uncommon near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Foster's Flat, Ontario. Near De Yaux College, but rare. Scolopendrium vulgare. Smith Hart's tongue Fern Introduced in one place in the gorge of the River by Judge Clinton several years ago. Asplenium Trichomanes, L Spleen wort Near De Yaux College. Foster's Flat, Ontario. Asplenium ebeneum, Ait ... Spleen wort Near De Yaux College, but rare. Near Lewiston, abundant. Asplenium achrostichoides, Swartz. {Asplenium thelypteroides, Michx.) Spleen wort Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Asplenium Filix-foemina, Bern Lady-Fern Foster's Flat, Ontario. Pellsea gracilis, Hook Cliff-Brake "Crevices of rocks at Foster's Flat," Ontario. Burgess. Not seen by us. Pellaea atropurpurea, Link Cliff-Brake Formerly on Goat Island and the Three Sisters. Not lately seen by us. Probably extirpated. Near De Vaux College. Foster's Flat, Ontario. Kare. Pteris aquilina, L Common Brake Near De Vaux College and at Lewiston. Adiantum pedatum, L Maiden-Hair Fern Goat Island. Not abundant. Near Clifton, Ontario. Polypodium vulgare, L Polypody Goat Island. The Three Sisters. Near De Vaux QgJ^ege. Lewiston. 67 LYCOPODIACE^. Lycopodium lucidulum, Michx. Lycopodium dendroideum, Michx. Lycopodium complanatum, L. No species of Lycopodium (or Ground Pine) has been seen by us in the immediate vicinity of the Falls. Yet it is likely that the three species here mentioned may be found, as they are not rare elsewhere in Ayestern New York. SELAGINELLACE^. Selaginella ruprestis, Spring Rock Selaginella Cliffs of Niagara River near the Devil's Hole. Selaginella Apus, Spring — — — Selaginella Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Falls. Damp grounds on both sides of the River above the Falls. Isoetes echinospora, Duiren Quill ^wort var. Braunii, Englemann., Not seen by us; but occurring in the River above the Falls. Clinton. HYDROPTERIDES. Marsilia quadrifola, L Marsilia Introduced into the Niagara River above the Falls and in a pool near Lewiston. AzoUa Caroliniana, Willd AzoUa "At a saw-mill half a mile above the village." Niagara. Dr, Bobbins. Note. — The unnamed species of Tilia, herein referred to seems to be only a variety of Tilia Americana, L. July 26, 1888. A, Z'. W^" 1H ^ #&- *y- '^ '-iSs**^ :- %^ ^^ ^r* %' .4V- liiw: ^■m, - -P*- :.-. ■ -^A r :-^^ ^^^ •*-r .l^Mik.. A^i fV( < '.'>>^,