5F 
 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE 
 FOUNDED BY 
 
 ROSWELL P. FLOWER 
 
 for the use of the 
 
 N. Y. State Veterinary College 
 
 1897 
 
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 Glanders / 
 
 
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Cornell University 
 Library 
 
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 tlie Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021941921 
 
lb 
 
 GLANPERS: 
 
 ROBERT JENNINGS^ 
 
 roi'' .r 
 
 VETERINARY SURGEON, 
 
 PKOrESsoR OF Vetebinary, Medicine AND S^Rdl^RY in the 
 
 VKTERiNARy GOLLEQE OF PHtLADEtPHIA, 
 
 Author of the " Horse AajD his Diseases," " Cattle and 
 
 THEIR DlSEA^S," &C., &C. 
 
 ' '"<■}' 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 THOMPSON, PRINTER, S. W. COR. SEVENTH & MARKET STS. 
 
 PRI] 
 1 
 
 1864. 
 
"^JZ , CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 
 /f » 
 
 liTjf ^ THE 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 
 ROSWELL P. FLOWER 
 
 FOR THE USE OF 
 
 THE N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE. 
 
 1897 
 
GLANDERS. 
 
 Fellow-Citizens : — 
 
 The sales of condemned Grovernment horses in New Jersey 
 and adjacent States having introduced into our county and imme- 
 diate vicinity, the terrible scourge known as " Grlanders," I con- 
 ceive it my imperative duty to warn you in time of the danger 
 which is threatening our community. 
 
 If the experience of a Veterinary Surgeon, who has devoted 
 eighteen years of his lifi to the relief of the noblest animal iii the 
 gift of Providence, is not sufficient to excite your sympathy and 
 PVP1 your fears, I am convinced that the following reports based 
 jjon evidential facts and undoubted authority, will attain that 
 object. 
 
 Tqu will see the proofs that " Glanders" is a disease without 
 remedy, positively incurable, extremely contagious, easily com- 
 municated to man, and that every day human life is sacrificed to 
 incredulity and ignorance ! 
 
 Through the liberality of gentlemen of this county, who deserve 
 our thanks, I am enabled to offer you this small pamphlet, the 
 fruit of my researches and observations. Circulate it among your 
 friends, and by your personal exertions avert the calamity which 
 is menacing our welfare. 
 
 GLANDERS. 
 
 Definition. — Glanders consists in a discharge, from one or 
 both nostrils, of matter which by transfer or inoculation will 
 produce the disease in another animal (of the equine or human 
 species,) and which discbarge is sooner or later, accompanied by 
 vascular injection and chancrous ulceration of the schniderian 
 membrane, by tumefaction of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, 
 and by farcy. — Percival. .,, 
 
 Symptoms. — A discharge of matter from one or both nostrils, 
 enlargement of one or both submaxillary glands. When one 
 nostril only is affected the corresponding gland is almost invaria- 
 bly found enlarged. The schniderian membrane (lining of the 
 nose) is generally of a pale or leaden hue, and sometimes ulcera- 
 tions are visible on its surface. The discharge usually sticks to 
 the nostrils, and is sometimes white and thick, but oftener of a 
 greyish aspect. A discharge from the nostrils, and the appear- 
 ance of ulceration, is not alone sufficient to establi&h the presence 
 
of tlie disease; for these ulcerations are sometimes produced by 
 the acrid nature of the disharge from catarrh. In the first stage 
 of the disease there is a discharge from one nostril only of a 
 whitish humor, which is incousiderable, except when the horse has 
 been exercised for some time. There is an increased redness of 
 the membrane withiil the nostrils. The swelling of the glands 
 under the jaw is on the same side as the affected nostril. The 
 horse's coat appears healthy and the animal in good condition. 
 The symptoms of glanders arising from communication with a 
 glandered horse are different from those of glanders produced 
 by bad provender, excessive exertion, &c. In the former the 
 discharge is from one nostril only, or much more from one than 
 from the other; and there is no cough or other symptom of 
 catarrh or cold, or any other disorder. In the latter, on the con- 
 trary, there is cough, either dry or moist ; and it is preceded by 
 loss of appetite, or falling off in appetite and depression of spirits. 
 The symptoms of the second stage are the altered appearance 
 of the nasal discharge, which has become more glutinous, and 
 adheres to the edges of the nostril, with a contraction and par- 
 tial closing of the nostril, with increased tenderness of the swell- 
 ing under the jaw, which adheres more closely to the jaw-bone ; 
 the discharge is somewhat streaked with blood and of an offen- 
 sive smell. The discharge is now from both nostrils. There is 
 a slight tumefaction of the under eye-lid, a swelling or elevation 
 of the bones of the nose or forehead. Loss of appetite, debility, 
 cough, and swelling of the legs and sheath, and sometimes lame- 
 ness without any apparent cause, chancers or ulcerations within 
 the nostrils, great tenderness of the glands under the jaw, which 
 now adhere close to the jaw-bone, a small discharge of matter 
 from the inner corner of the eye. When these symptoms appear 
 the disease soon proceeds to a fatal termination. The above 
 symptoms are not all peculiar to glanders, but may occur irs 
 strangles, peripneumony and pleurisy. The glutinous discharge, 
 the swelling of the glands under the jaw and the ulceration 
 within the nostrils are symptoms which occur in the above dis- 
 eases, as well as in glanders. 
 
 Although the disease is here divided into the first and second 
 stages, it is not essential that in each case the former should 
 precede the latter, for sometimes the acute only is present, and 
 the horse speedily dies if not destroyed. In other instances the 
 acute stage may be succeeded by the sub-acute. It may, however, 
 be observed, that the first stage never ends in death, but it is al- 
 ways in the second stage that the disease proves fatal. Besides 
 these stages, glanders sometimes assumes a stiSl more insidious 
 appearance, in which the discharge is so slight, and the enlarged 
 gland so trivial, as not only to deceive the ignorant, but often to 
 mislead the well-instructed practitioner. The discharge is thin, 
 and appears no more than a slight increase of the natural dis- 
 charge, and the sub-maxillary swelling is no larger than a bean, 
 though hard and indurated. Such cases as these have proved 
 
of irreparable injury to many horse proprietors, from the symp- 
 toms not being sufficiently urgent as to excite alarm ; and when 
 a veterinary surgeon has given his opinion that such case was 
 one of glanders, there have not been wanting plenty of farriers 
 and others who have altogether contemned such an opinion, and 
 for a time, at least, have exulted over their own superior sagacity. 
 Mr. James Turner relates a striking instance of this, in ,which 
 his advice was disregarded, and a ho^e, with these insidious ap- 
 pearances, was allowed to mix with other horses, to several of 
 which he comunicated the disease, in the course of a few months. 
 — White's Veterinary Art. 
 
 The most common cause of this disease is the impure air of 
 close, ill-ventilated, damp, and filthy stables, acting injuriously 
 upon the organs of respiration, destroying the constitution, de- 
 bilitating the system, rendering it susceptible to the attack of 
 disease. Neglected catarrh, strangles, &c., sometimes termi- 
 nate in glanders ; hard work and bad provender, together with 
 sadden changes from exposure to cold and wet weather, to hot 
 stables, &c., are likewise regarded as among the causes ; con- 
 tagion is the most common of all causes, the disease being 
 readily communicated from one animal to another by it. 
 
 " The city of Lyons, France, must always contain a great 
 number of glandered horses, on account of the dampness of the 
 situation and climate, and it being a public market for horses. 
 The garrison at Lyons generally has its share of this disease. 
 During this year the mildness of the winter, and the heat 
 of the spring and summer, have prevented circumstances less 
 favorable than usual, to the development of this malady ; there- 
 fore with the exception of horses from the garrison, and which 
 had been long kept in the infirmary at the barracks before they 
 were sent to us, we have had very few cases of glanders, com- 
 pared with several preceding years ; yet not withstanding these 
 favorable circumstances we are compelled to acknowledge that 
 it has been as rebellious to treatment as ever. Our means of 
 cure have always possessed too little power, seeing that when 
 ulceration of the pitituary (of the nose) membrane begins to ap- 
 pear, the lungs and constitution of the animal have undergone 
 a modification which it is difficult to remove. 
 
 " The greater part of the animals that have gone from us, ap- 
 parently cured of glanders, have speedily relapsed when they have 
 been subjected to hard work, or have been exposed to neglect 
 or privation." — Extract from the report of the Veterinary 
 College of Lyons, 1834 and 1835. 
 
 Mr. W. Percival, in his "Eippopathology," gives ug the follow- 
 ing facts as the result of his own experience : 
 
 1. " That farcv and glanders, which constitute the same dis- 
 ease, are propagated through the medium of stabling, and this 
 we believe to be the more usual way in which diseases are com- 
 municated from horse to horse. 
 
2. That infected stabling may harbor and retain the infection 
 for months, or even years ; and although by thoroughly cleansing 
 and making xise of disinfecting means, the contagion may be de- 
 stroyed, yet it would not be wise to occupy such stables imme- 
 diately after such supposed or alleged disinfection. 
 
 3. That the yirus, or poison of glanders, may lie for months 
 in a state of incubation in the horse's constitution before the 
 disease breaks out. Of thS we haye had most positive evidence. 
 
 4. That when a stable of horses becomes contaminated, the 
 disease often makes fearful ravages among them before it quits ; 
 and it is only after a period of several months exemption from 
 all disease of the kind, that a clean bill of health can be rendered." 
 
 FARCY. 
 
 This I regard as an iocipient stage of glanders, or as a type 
 of the same fatal malady, and is to a certain extent curable. 
 Experiments prove that the virus from a farcied horse will pro- 
 duce glanders by inoculation in a sound one, and that the glan- 
 dered matter will in like manner produce farcy. There are two 
 distinct varieties or stages of farcy ; one, which is called button 
 farcy, is altogether superficial, being confined to the lymphatic 
 vessels of the skin, and readily yields to medical treatment ; the 
 other variety makes its appearance in the extremities, generally 
 upon the inside of the hind legs, which become completely en- 
 gorged ; but the swelling is very different from the ligametvtary 
 thickening, or from oedema, being very uneven or lumpy, exces- 
 sively tender, and painful to the touch. Small abscesses are 
 formed, which at first discharge a healthy pus, but soon ulcerate 
 and discharge a thin sanious matter, these abscesses first make 
 their appearance on the inside of the hind legs, and then on the 
 fore ones in like manner ; the neck and lips come next in turn, 
 and they may appear in all parts of the body, when glanders will 
 begin to manifest itself. 
 
 Stonehenge says, " Farcy appears to depend upon the devel- 
 opment of the same poison as in glanders ; but the attempt at 
 elimination is made in the skin, instead of the mucous membrane 
 lining the nose. A horse inoculated with glanders may exhibit 
 Farcy, and vice versa." 
 
 " Farcy usually shows itself, first by one or two small hard 
 knots in the skin called "farcy buds," these soon soften and con- 
 tain a small quantity of pus ; but as this is rapidly absorbed, the 
 lymphatics which convey it into the circulation inflame ; and at 
 a short distance another bud is formed, &c. In process of time 
 the general system suffers, as in glanders, and the horse dies, a 
 miserable, worn-out object. No treatment can be relied on to 
 cure the disease; and as it is equally contagious with glanders, 
 every farcied horse ought at once to be destroyed. The hard 
 nature of the buds, and the thickened lymphatics extending like 
 cords between, clearly make known the nature of the disease." 
 
Glanders Contagious. — This brings us to the more important 
 part of our subject, and places us upon our guard, so as to pre- 
 vent us as far as possible exposing ourselves to such a calamity. 
 The time which glanders appears after inoculation is very un- 
 certain ; it may be a few days, or it may be several months, vary- 
 ing according to .circumstances and the condition of the animal. 
 Glanders has been linown to remain dormant in the system for 
 a period of two or three years previous to its being developed. 
 
 "The main cause is contagion. — 1 now approach, gentlemen, 
 not without hesitation, but without fear, the grand cause of 
 Glanders — Contagion. I advisedly call it " the grand cause," 
 for I believe that I shall be able to render it probable that glan- 
 ders arises oftener from contagion than from any other source. 
 I know that our continental neighbors deny the contagious- 
 ness of Glanders altogether; but they do not, and cannot deny 
 that the disease does follow contact, and often mere proximity of 
 situation. When they tell me that it is not the disease that is 
 communicated, but a mere predisposition, a greater aptitude in 
 the frame generally, or some part of it, to be affected by the usual 
 causes of glanders, I cannot but regard this as the merest quib- 
 bling. I take the broad fact, that a glandered horse being in- 
 advertantly admitted into a stable, some of his companions, after 
 awhile, become glandered too. The stable had previously, and 
 for many years — nay, from the very time of its erection, been free 
 from the disease, and no alteration, whatever, has taken place in 
 the system of management : a glandered horse finds his way 
 thither, in a few months the whole team is glandered. When in 
 the face of this, a person tells me that it was not the disease which 
 was communicated, but a facility of being acted upon by certain 
 agents, I regard it as a species of quibbling, unworthy of a 
 scientific pathologist; and I deprecate the injury which may be 
 done to the agricultural community by the broad assertion, thus 
 ridiculously and falsely explained, that glanders is not contagious. 
 One point, however, is established, I think, — that glanders is 
 far more contagious than many have supposed ; Mr Turner's 
 mare destroyed four of her companions. The poor Widow at 
 Paddington had her stable perfectly emptied by the disease ; 
 and I will venture to say, that there is not a district throughout 
 the kingdom, in which some farmer, by the loss of a considerable 
 proportion, or the greater part of his team, has not had sufficient 
 proof of the contagiousness of glanders. The cause of this doubt 
 with regard to the frequent communication of the disease by inocu- 
 lation, seems to have arisen from ignorance of its insidious nature. 
 When glanders appears, and the horse has, for several weeks or 
 months scarcely been exposed to the possibility of contagion, it has 
 at once been concluded that the disease was generated in him by 
 some assigned or unknown recent cause. It has now, however, 
 been proved to us that the disease may exist and may be com- 
 municated to others, when, for many months, there has been 
 
6 
 
 nothing to excite suspicion in the mind of the groom or the 
 owner ; and when the candid veterinary surgeon aclcnowledges, 
 that, had not the circumstances been pointed out to him, it would 
 probably have escaped his observation. The truth of the mat- 
 ter is then, that every horse that passes through a fair, or is baited 
 at an inn, or even travels the common public road, may be infect- 
 ed without the rider's or owner's knowledge or slightest suspi- 
 cion. A glandered stallion neighed at a mare that was separa- 
 ted from him by a double hedge and a deep lane ; the virus was 
 wafted across by the wind, and she became diseased, and died. 
 It is impossible for any one to say, except there be some plain 
 and manifest cause for the generation of the disease, that any 
 horse did not receive it by infection. There would be a degree 
 of presumption in the assertion which the calm inquirer after 
 truth should not display. The opinion of our ancestors, from 
 time out of date, had taught us to beware of glanders as a con- 
 tagious as well as a fatal disease. Let us not, without incon- 
 testable proof, abandon that which for ages was never doubted. 
 There is not a circumstance that has been productive of half so 
 much loss to the agriculturist, and the proprietor of horses, as this 
 too frequently and too positively repeated assertion of the non- 
 contagiousness of glanders. Many thousands of pounds would 
 not cover the annual loss. A case occurred about two years 
 ago, and not a very great way from this metropolis. A gentle- 
 man had a team of farm-horses, almost unrivalled for activity 
 and strength. One of them exhibited symptoms of incipient 
 glanders. A newly arrived young veterinarian was consulted as 
 to the propriety of preventing all further mischief, and cutting 
 short the affair, by destroying the diseased animal. " Oh ! by 
 no means," said he ; "there is not the danger about glanders 
 which some foolish people imagine ; you well ventilate your 
 stables, and let there be no animal poison lurking there from air 
 that has been breathed over and over again, and I will answer 
 for it, your other horses are safe enough ; there is not one horse 
 in a thousand that catches glanders." The gentleman was some- 
 what surprised, and expressed a little doubt about the matter ; 
 but, the young theorist producing chapter and verse in elucida- 
 tion of his point, he suffered himself to be over-persuaded ; and 
 in less than a twelvemonth he had not a sound horse upon his 
 farm. — Youati's Lectures at the University of London, 1832. 
 
 The glanders is a disease of the horse tribe, communicable to 
 man and other animals. It is chiefly manifested by unhealthy 
 suppuration of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities, and 
 pustular eruptions on the skin, and unhealthy abscesses in the 
 lymphatic system. — DruitVs Surgery. 
 
 The instant that there is any appearance of it, the horse 
 should be immediately removed to a place by itself, as this malady 
 is exceedingly infectious ; and from want of due caution, when 
 even a suspicion is entertained, the most disastrous consequences 
 have been the result. — Broum''s Farriery. 
 
Glanders. — A disease in liorses, attended with a copious dis- 
 charge of mucus from the nose. It is needless to endeavor to 
 describe the various attempts which have been made to cure this 
 almost invariably fatal disorder. But the farmer must avoid a 
 common error of confounding ulceration of the membrane of the 
 nose with glanders, for the symptoms are very similar. The 
 farmer will do well, as soon as he finds a horse attacked with this 
 disease, to place him by himself, give him green food, and thor- 
 oughly whitewash the stable from which he is taken, for it is a 
 most contagious disease. — American Farmer's Encyclopedia. 
 
 Two thorough-bred colts, yearlings, that had never been broke 
 or put into a stable, were affected with the glanders to a violent 
 degree. It was considered by the proprietor as a very extraor- 
 dinary circumstance that having never been kept with any other 
 horse, these colts should have been attacked with the disease. 
 On inquiry, however, the author found that a canal ran on the 
 side of the field in which these colts were kept, and that upon 
 one occasion, some boatmen had been detected in turning their 
 horses to graze in the same field ; and hence a very fair presump- 
 tion arose that the contagion was communicated in that way. — 
 Lawrence. 
 
 That the glanders is contagious, has been clearly and indispu- 
 tably proved by numerous experiments, and the manner in which 
 it is propagated has likewise been satisfactorily demonstrated. 
 The great number of horses that have been destroyed by glan- 
 ders, especially in the army, and in the establishments where 
 great nunibers of horses are kept, has excited particular atten- 
 tion to the subject, especially in France and Italy, where manr 
 attempts were made in the beginning of the last century to dis- 
 cover a remedy for it. — Skeavington. 
 
 " It is a remarkable circumstance" says Mr. White, " that 
 glanders cannot be communicated by applying the matter which 
 is discharged from the nose of a glandered horse to the nostrils 
 of a sound one, unless there be an open wound or sore, even 
 though a piec« of lint soaked in the matter be put up the nostrils, 
 and kept in contact with the pituitary membrane for a short time ; 
 or even if the matter be thrown up the nostrils with a syringe. 
 But, if the smallest quantity of matter be applied in the way of 
 inoculation, either to the membrane of the nostrils, or to any 
 part of the body, a glanderous ulcer will be produced, from which 
 farcy buds and corded lymphatics will proceed. After a few- 
 weeks the poison will get into the circulation, and the horse will 
 be completely glandered. The circumstance of glanders not 
 being communicated by applying matter to the nostril, enables 
 us to account for a horse escaping the disorder, as he sometimes 
 does, after being put into a glandered stable, or standing by the 
 side of a glandered horse. I am inclined to believe that the dis- 
 order is more readily caught by eating the glanderous matter 
 mixed with oats or haj, than by drinking it with water, as in the 
 former case it is so intimately mixed with the food in mastication. 
 
8 
 
 M. St. Bell placed two sound horses by a glandered horse, 
 drinking out of the same pail, and eating out of the same 
 manger. One of the sound horses ^yas six years old, and just 
 taken from grass ; the other nine years old, and taken from regu- 
 lar work. The first showed evident signs of glanders at the 
 expiration of thirty-four days ; it fully declared itself in the 
 second at the end of six weeks." 
 
 John Gamgee, Professor in the Edinburgh Veterinary College, 
 says : "Horses undoubtedly affected with this dreadful malady 
 should be destroyed as soon as the disease is satisfactorily diag- 
 nosed. Various mineral tonics, have been vaunted as specifics, 
 but we cannot conceive on what principle animals should be 
 allowed to live, endangering the life of those around them with 
 no benefit to themselves. 
 
 " A glandered horse may contaminate the air of a stable to 
 such a degree, that horses breathing the same air may become 
 infected with the disease, although the infected may never come 
 in contact with the infecting horse. Fortunately glanders is not 
 so infectious as some other diseases to which horses are liable, 
 otherwise the breed would soon become extinct." — Vetennarian, 
 1833. 
 
 " Glanders. — We have had about the same number of glan- 
 dered horses as in the last year ; and we must repeat, that in 
 spite of all the care that has been bestowed upon them, and the 
 strict attention which has been paid to the administration of 
 medicines the most likely to have a good effect, and the power 
 of which has been vaunted by others, we are not able to relate a 
 single case of the complete cure of glanders. Seven horses 
 were returned to their owners apparently cured — all the recogni- 
 zable symptoms of the disease had disappeared ; six of them 
 were, after some months, returned to us more decidedly glandered 
 than they were before ; they were destroyed. The seventh has 
 now been away three months ; but we reckon upon seeing him 
 again about the same time as the others, and in the same state as 
 that in which they returned." — From the proceedings of the 
 Veterinary College, Alfort, France, 1833-4. 
 
 "Acute Glanders. — MM. Renault and Bowley have con- 
 tinued their researches on this disease. An inquiry into the 
 nature of this malady, its symptoms, and, more especially, its 
 contagious property, has acquired increasing interest since its 
 transmissibility from the horse to the human being has been 
 lately proved in so many instances. MM. Renault and Bowley 
 have arrived at the following results : Acute glanders is conta- 
 gious by inoculation from horse to horee. Every experiment of 
 the last and the present year has given this positive constant re- 
 sult. Without a single exception, the symptoms of the infection 
 of glanders have appeared in the inocculated animals from the 
 third to the fifth day, and death has ensued between the tenth 
 and fifteenth days." — Veterinarian. 
 
9 
 
 In the year 1861, my attention was called to seventeen horses 
 the property of Mr. E. K. B., of Felton, Delaware, who, some 
 six months previous, had purchased a horse at the horse auction in 
 Philadelphia. This animal was supposed to have a slight attack 
 of what is commonly called "distemper." In a short time some 
 of Mr. B's other horses showed symptoms of the same disease, 
 several of which died. Mr. B. becoming alarmed at his repeated 
 losses, called in my assistance. I found (if my memory serves me 
 right) five of the seventeen horses glandered, three of which I 
 ordered killed. The others which had not shown symptoms of 
 disease I ordered to be at once removed from the stable, so as to 
 prevent all possible communication between them and those in 
 which thedisease was not fully developed. Mr. B. loaned Mr.H., 
 a neighbor, one of his horses to work in a lumber team ; soon 
 after which the disease made its appearance in Mr. H's stock of 
 ten horses. My attention was called to these animals, also, several 
 of which I found laboring from the same fatal malady. Two of 
 these animals in which the disease was fully developed I ordered 
 killed. Removing my residence from Philadelphia to Borden- 
 town, N. J., about this time, I lost sight of these cases, and have 
 not since heard from them. 
 
 Soon after the present rebellion broke out, one of my old cus- 
 tomers, Mr.H., who kept a liverystable in Cherry St., Phila., doing 
 a thriving business ; and having a number of the finest horses in 
 the city kept there. Two army horses were put up for the night at 
 that stable. No appearance of disease was observed about them. 
 One of these horses occupied a stall near to that occupied by Dr: 
 L's horse, which was valued at $300. Soon after this visit. Dr. 
 L's horse showed evidence of ozena, which rapidly degenerated 
 into glanders ; the animal was killed. • Case No. 2, valued at $500, 
 the property of Mr. D, fell a victim to this fatal disease, and was 
 also killed. Case 3, valued at $800, belonging to Mr. B., also 
 became glandered and was destroyed ; together with six other 
 animals all valuable and highly prized by their owners. This 
 calamity fell heavily on Mr.H., who in consequence was com- 
 pelled to relinquish the business for some other occupation. This 
 stable has since been torn out, the walls picked, remodeled, and 
 is once more in successful operation, with new stock and a new 
 proprietor, who it is to be hoped will meet with better fortune. 
 
 In 1854, when inspector of the Philadelphia Mutual Livestock 
 Insurance Co., I was called to examine a fine grey horse belong- 
 ing to Mr. W. of the Western Exchange Hotel, recently insured 
 for $300, which policy had just expired. Mr. W. asserted that 
 the animal had only a slight cold, but was getting better : on 
 examining the animal, however, I pronounced him glandered, 
 v.'hich the owner was loth to believe : in order to satisfy him of 
 the correctness of my diagnosis I called in T. J. Corbyn and the 
 late W. W. Fraley, veterinary surgeons, both of whom confirmed 
 my opinion. Mr. W. not wishing to destroy the horse, desired 
 me to experiment with him, in order if possible to save his life. 
 
10 
 
 Some two weeks subsequently, a farmer stopping at the Iiotel 
 supposing himself well acquainted with such diseases, offered Mr. 
 W. ITS for the horse, asserting at the same time that it was 
 only the distemper that ailed him, and he could cure any horse 
 of that disease. Mr. W. immediately consulted me in regard to 
 the propriety of selling the horse : my advice was, under the cir- 
 cumstances, to clear himself of all responsibility. The result 
 was the horse was sold. Some six months later I learned that 
 the horse was dead, together with two other animals belonging 
 to the same unfortunate purchaser. 
 
 Sometime last spring, Mr. P., residing near Pemberton, New 
 Jersey, purchased a horse which showed, as he thought, symp- 
 toms of "distemper ;" for some reason or other, Mr. P. did not 
 keep this animal long, but sold him to a Mr. J., residing some 
 two miles distant. Soon after Mr. P. parted with this animal, 
 he sent another horse belonging to him to me for examination 
 which had been previously treated for nasal gleet. This animal 
 I unhesitatingly pronounced glandered, and recommended his 
 destruction ; the animal however died in a few days, since which 
 time another of Mr. P.'s horses has shown symptoms of the 
 same disease. Subsequently I was called to see the horses be- 
 longing to Mr. J., who had lost three animals since the purchase 
 of Mr. P.'s horse, and had two more sick with the same fatal 
 disease, all of which had been treated in the same manner as 
 were those of Mr. P. I found these animals also glandered, 
 and ordered one of them to be killed ; the other died, making 
 seven animals thus far inoculated by one glandered horse. These 
 cases show the necessity existing for competent veterinary sur- 
 geons who have been regularly educated in the same manner as 
 are human medical practitioners. 
 
 In my private correspondence with veterinary surgeons, I 
 learn that glanders is rapidly spreading all over the country. 
 Dr. Isaiah Michener, of Bucks County, Pa., writes to me as fol- 
 lows : "I have just returned from a trip to see two cases of 
 laryngitis, accompanied with enlargement of the sub-maxillary 
 gland, and adhesiveness of the matter discharged from the nose, 
 that led me to suspect that glanders might have been lying dor- 
 mant in the system, until provoked to a development by the 
 above disease ; but more anon. One other case seen to day 
 was bought at a sale of condemned government horses ; he is 
 discharging freely from both nostrils ; no enlargement of the 
 glands or evidence of the schniderian membrane being affected ; 
 still I consider that glanders is lurking in his system, in the form 
 of tubercles in the lungs. I was called last spring to see a case 
 
 of glanders that a Mr. had been treating for several weeks, 
 
 telling the owner at every visit that there was no glanders about 
 the horse, and he would cure him. The case was well defined, 
 and no man who knows anything about the symptoms of glan- 
 ders could for a moment be in doubt. This week I was called 
 to see another case, also an army horse, treated by the same 
 
11 
 
 party for three months, assuring the owner that there was no 
 danger, as he did not have the glanders, because the discharge 
 was from the right nostril, together with other say sues equally- 
 absurd. The owner, strangely -impressed with the idea of glan- 
 ders, removed the animal from his other stock, notwithstanding 
 his professional adviser assured him there was no danger, and 
 that he was unnecessarily cautions. 
 
 " I was called last week to see a horse which the owner said 
 had the distemper, but on examination I found it was glanders, 
 which the owner was very unwilling to believe, and insisted that 
 I should give him medicine. This horse was also from the 
 army." 
 
 G. W. Bowler, veterinary surgeon, Cincinnati, informs me that 
 glanders is spreading at a fearful rate since the sale of govern- 
 ment horses in that vicinity. T. B. Rayner, veterinary surgeon, 
 of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, informs me that many cases have 
 recently come under his notice. 
 
 On passing up Filbert street, Philadelphia, the other day, in 
 company with R. McClure, V. S., and several of the students of 
 the Veterinary College, my attention was attracted to an army 
 horse belonging to the 20th cavalry regiment : this animal had 
 tetanus (locked jaw) in its worst form ; tied to the same post 
 was another animal badly affected with farcy glanders, that is, 
 the two stages of glanders combined. These horses were wait- 
 ing their turn to be shod at a shoeing shop in the neighborhood. 
 In close proximity to these animals were some ten or a dozen 
 other horses, the owners of which were perfectly innocent of the 
 danger in which their animals were placed. Qualified veterinary 
 surgeons in the army would prevent all such occurrences. The 
 horse with locked jaw cannot be used for any purpose, and it 
 would not be a matter of surprise if he did not reach his camp. 
 
 I have condemned several horses as glandered during the last 
 few months, some of which were afterwards sold, with of course 
 a guilty knowledge, to other parties innocent of the nature of 
 the disease. Such men should be held responsible by law for 
 all damage resulting from such a sale. Did these parties know 
 the weight of the responsibility which rests upon them, they 
 would not for a few paltry dollars sacrifice the property and 
 often the lives of their fellow-men. 
 
 My colleague, R. McClure, V. S., says "The symptoms of 
 glanders are to be studied, not with a view to its cure, which is 
 at all times dangerous to attempt, as there is the risk of conta- 
 gion to him who attempts it ; but with a view of ascertaining 
 and diagnosing truly that it is glanders, that beiug all that can 
 repay for the trouble, in order that the animal be destroyed at 
 once, as it is not fit to live upon the face of the earth, with con- 
 tamination following in its wake. 
 
 " The necessity of better acquaintance with this noisome pest, 
 is daily increasing around us, so much so that in six years' prac- 
 tice of considerable extent in Philadelphia, as a Yeterinary Sur- 
 
12 
 
 geon, I do not recollect a single case of glanders. But within 
 the last four months, no less than ten eases of it, and in different 
 parts of the city, have been presented to me, and instead of it 
 being got rid of, it is steadily oh the increase." 
 
 BEWARE OP GLANDERED HORSES. 
 
 There is one point upon which we desire to caution our read- 
 .ers, a point which we deem all-important, and which, we trust, 
 will challenge their earnest and prompt consideration. As rap- 
 idly as army horses, whether from disease or accident, become 
 unfit for service, they are put up at auction and sold to the high- 
 est bidder. As the prices obtained for them are not large, many 
 farmers are induced to make purchases. It is now a well esta- 
 blished fact, that that most loathsome, contagious and fatal dis- 
 ease, the glanders, prevails to a large extent among the army 
 horses, and that, of those already sold, a great many have been 
 afllicted with it. These glandered animals have been distributed 
 through every section of the country, and it is a notorious fact, 
 that there is now ten cases of this dangerous disease among our 
 farm horses, where there was a single one two years since. 
 What is to be done in such a case ? Shall this introduction of 
 a most pestilent disease be permitted to go on ? If it be, we 
 may confidently look forward to the almost complete extermina- 
 tion of our horses ; for the facility with which the disease com- 
 municates itself from one animal to another, and the speedy and 
 fatal termination of the disease, where it is the result of conta- 
 gion, point to no other result. The government should at once 
 take this matter in hand, and remedy the crying evil, by ordering 
 the immediate killing of every glandered horse in the army. — 
 Gulturist. 
 
 GLANDERED HORSES. 
 
 Written for the " National Union," by G.W. Bowler, Veterinary Surgeon, Cincinnati, 
 
 In consequence of the many reports received, of the increased 
 number of glandered horses in various parts of the United States, 
 it becomes our duty to make some inquiries as to the cause of 
 such a malignant and fatal disease, as well as to use such measures 
 as will mitigate it. I have no doubt but that it can be accounted 
 for in the following manner. We are well aware of the bad 
 treatment which the horses belonging to the army receive, not 
 only in the manner in which they are stabled, but in the feeding 
 of the animal ; and where a large number of horses are crowded 
 together, without any regard to cleanliness or protection from 
 the cold and wet, disease in some form must necessarily ensue. 
 Thousands of valuable animals are annually being sacrificed in 
 the U. S. army, through ignorance, which might otherwise have 
 been saved, was there but some little system adopted to prevent 
 it ; but, where hundreds of animals are crowded together, regard- 
 
13 
 
 less of proper shelter from the weather, and under the control 
 /Of persons who know little, if anything, about the proper care of 
 horses, why, nothing short of disease of a malignant character 
 can be expected. The very plan to propagate such diseases as 
 glanders and farcy, is daily practiced among horses ofthe TJ. S. 
 Army ; for it is well known by all medical men, that undue ex- 
 posure to the weather, transition from heat to cold, improper 
 feeding, uncleanliness and bad ventilation, are the very means to 
 bring about such diseases as glanders, farcy and other diseases of. 
 a debilitating character. 
 
 One day the animals, as I have been informed by persons in 
 the Government service, will have more food placed before them 
 than they can possibly consume, and, probably for several days 
 previous they have been on the verge of starvation, eager to de- 
 vour almost anything within their reach, not excepting the fences 
 they were tied to. How then can anything else be expected, 
 but a great many of them will die from disease of the bowels or 
 stomach. 
 
 Catarrhal affections are very naturally to be expected amongst 
 a large number of horses exposed to the various changes of the 
 weather ; but do not a great many of these affections, for want 
 of proper treatment, run into glanders ? That they do, I have 
 not the shadow of a doubt ; but as the government does not 
 employ competent persons to examine the horses regularly, why 
 the disease runs on ; the glandered horse coming in contact with 
 his associates transfers it to them, and thus the disease is spread 
 throughout the camp. Furthermore than this, not only are the 
 horses in danger of communicating the disease to their own 
 species, but are in danger of transferring the disease to the per- 
 sons who have charge of them, and who little know the fearful 
 risk they are incurring, of becoming inoculated by the poisonous 
 matter. A simple scratch on the hand, should a portion of the 
 glanded matter come in contact with it, would be sufficient to 
 inoculate a person, the result of which would be, a most terrible 
 death. 
 
 For the special benefit of such persons as may be employed 
 about the Government horses, I will give a brief account of the 
 nature, cause and diagnosis of glanders in order to put the inex- 
 perienced on their guard. Glanders is a disease of a most 
 loathsome and malignant character, occurring far more frequently 
 in the horse than any other animal ; still I am inclined to believe 
 that it rages with far more violence when communicated to the 
 ass or mule, than it does even in the horse. Another important 
 fact in regard to the loathsome disease, and which ought always 
 to be born in mind by those employed about stables, where the 
 disease is likely to exist, is that it is not confined to the equine 
 species, but is readily communicated to the human being. The 
 only domestic animals which appear to be free from contamina- 
 tion are the ox and the sheep, which do not appear to take the 
 disease even by inoculation. 
 
14 
 
 GLANDERS IN THE HUMAN BEING. 
 
 The path of propriety and of duty evidently is to put the 
 farmer and horse-proprietor on their guard. The experience of 
 every age, and I would say of every man who has seen country 
 practice, teaches him that a glandered horse can rarely remain 
 long among sound ones without serious mischief ensuirg. It 
 is affirmed that glanders is communicated to the human being. 
 That a loathsome and fatal disease results from inoculation with 
 the matter of glanders is undoubted : I am aware, indeed, of 
 one case which goes a great way towards establishing the iden- 
 tity of the disease. One of the feeders in the Badsworth hunt 
 cut himself while preparing a farcied leg for the hounds ; he 
 died within a week. A day or two before his death an ass was 
 inoculated with the matter from some of the sores that broke out 
 about him, and died, evidently glandered. — Touatt's Lectures. 
 
 A man aged twenty-three was admitted into St. Thomas's Hos- 
 pital ; he complained of much pain in the head and became de- 
 lirious, to mitigate which, leeches were applied to the forehead ; 
 he then spoke of wandering and acute pains everywhere, indi- 
 cating some rheumatic affection ; a tumor appeared upon the 
 hand and another on the foot, seemingly of a gangrenous nature ; 
 the pain in the head would again return attended by delirium, so 
 that he was compelled to be strapped on his bed ; and all the 
 while his flesh was wasting and his strength diminishing. On 
 questioning the poor fellow, it was ascertained that he had had a 
 glandered horse under his care a month before, and that the 
 discharge from the nose had come upon his hands. The case 
 was now sufficiently plain ; but the patient was too far gone to 
 admit of the slightest hope. Previous to his death he said, " I 
 am dying, I shall die soon, but I shall die happy ; — I know now 
 I am glandered — I shall die as my horses do — I shall die happy." 
 — Veterinarian, 1833. 
 
 A case is mentioned in the "Lancef" of 1834, of a Mr. Norbrook, 
 who punctured a blister on his knee with a lance with which he 
 had previously been bleeding a horse ; some of the blood re- 
 mained on the blade, from this he was inoculated, and died a 
 horrid death. 
 
 " This school has, in the year just expiring, added another 
 mournful case to those previously recorded in the hospitals of 
 the biped, of the communication of glanders to the human being." 
 —Alfort College Becord, 1838. 
 
 Dr. Barham of Truro, reports a case of glanders in the " Vete- 
 rinarian'^ of 1840, in the person of Joseph Pascoe, aged 22, re- 
 sulting in death. 
 
 A young man named P.jKelley, aged twenty, was admitted into 
 Richmond hospital on the 26th August 1838. On admission 
 his face presented that peculiar aspect which is so characteristic 
 of glanders ; the left half was very much swollen, tense, and 
 shining, the redness fading away gradually and becoming lost 
 
15 
 
 ia the surrounding integuments. He stated that he had always 
 been healthy, and when questioned as to the nature of his occu- 
 pation, said that he had been employed for the last four months 
 in attending horses that were glandered ; he did not recollect 
 that he had a wound or sore on either hand ; he had not drank 
 out of any vessel used by the horses, nor had he slept in the 
 stable. He died on the 29th.— Dw^Zm Journal of Medical 
 Science, 1841. 
 
 Mr. Rocher, medical student at the hospital of Necker, was 
 charged with the dressing of a patient affected, first, with chro- 
 nic farcy, and subsequently with acute glanders, under which he 
 died. In a few days Mr. Rocher showed evidences of the dis- 
 ease, and died glandered, sixteen days from the commencement 
 of the disease. — Lancet, 1841. 
 
 In the latter part of May I was requested to see Andrew Foot, 
 aged thirty-six, who presented all the symptoms of glanders. I 
 could not discover any appearances of his having been inoculated, 
 but having seen a glandered horse some time since, and think- 
 ing the above unfortunate case so much resembled that of this 
 horse, I was induced to inquire of the owner whether there was 
 anything the matter with either of his horses, when he told me 
 that one of them was laid up with a bad cold. On examining 
 the animal it proved to be a decided case of glanders. The 
 horse died in ten days afterwards ; Mr. Foot died also. — Pro- 
 vincial Medical Journal. 
 
 In the hospitals at Paris, according to the accounts of the 
 medical journals, the cases of glanders among men have been 
 less frequent than in any preceding years. Sidon, a veterinary 
 surgeon, published a paper in France, in which he stated that 
 glanders was transmissable from the horse to man, causing the 
 worst kinds of ulcers. He mentions an instance in which a 
 horse was affected by the disease from a farrier who had a glan- 
 dered sore on his hand, which came in contact with the animal 
 while he was giving it a ball. The man and the horse both died 
 with the disease. 
 
 A groom, named Provost, slept in a stable at Paris, occupied 
 by a glandered horse. Some days after the death of the animal 
 Provost was attacked with the same disease and died. 
 
 Mr. Hamerton, surgeon to the Castle-town Dispensary, has 
 placed upon record three cases of acute glanders in the human 
 subject, all rnnning the same course, and terminating fatally, and 
 all traceable to the same cause, i. e., contagion from a diseased 
 horse. — Veterinarian, 1843. 
 
 A vine-grower, in drenching a glandered horse, was bitten on 
 the cheek; fifteen days after he died glandered. — Vet. 1844. 
 
 The patient, whom I saw several times during the progress of 
 the malady, was Thomas Whittaker, whose case was clearly one 
 of inoculation. The poor fellow was bald-headed, and received 
 a slight scratch on his scalp which cost him his life. He recol- 
 lected wiping the perspiration off his head with his dirty hands ; 
 
16 
 
 and as the scratch in his scalp first showed the true character of 
 a farcy ulcer, there can be little doubt as to the inoculation hav- 
 ing taken place at the time of skinning the farcied horse. He 
 survived the inoculation twenty-one days. Robert Pick, an old, 
 faithful, and I believe, valued, servant to the gentleman who owned 
 the farcied pony, was the subject of the second lamentable case, 
 which is considered one of infection ; and the infection is supposed 
 to have been conveyed by the fcetid breath of the animal, while 
 the poor man was in the act of giving some mucilage of linseed 
 to the pony a few hours before his death. A few hours after the 
 death of the pony, Dick complained of being unwell, and of 
 having pain in his knee. At first the pain was regarded as 
 rheumatism, but ultimately proved to be that of farcy, as that 
 disease showed itself in its true character and virulence, which 
 ended the suffering patient's life on the twenty-second day after 
 he had inhaled the fetid breath of the animal. — Vet. 1846. 
 
 " Within the last quarter two veterinary surgeons — one re- 
 siding in Walworth, and the other in Wolverhampton — are re- 
 ported as having died from inoculation of glanders. This terri- 
 ble disease is not often seen in Scotland, but very frequently in 
 England, and still more so in Ireland. Trom the latter circum- 
 stance, the malady is often found to be imported about the west 
 coast of Scotland. London has always been renowned for the 
 prevalence of glanders among omnibus, cab, and other horses. 
 A very .strict supervision is maintained, and all glandered horses 
 are destroyed when discovered ; but nevertheless, we can state 
 on good authority that the omnibus horses of London have suf- 
 fered very severely from this disease, and do so still. The par- 
 tial measures adopted by companies are not sufficient to eradi- 
 cate it, and the " glandered night-team" is not altogether a thing 
 of the past. The danger to human life is so great that we feel 
 happy to seize an opportunity to urge the adoption of the most 
 effectual measures for the suppression of any practice which 
 tends to prolong the life of the glandered horse." 
 
 Another case, as published in the "Herald of Beform," is as 
 follows : — 
 
 "Mr. J. Burns, a grocer, in Baltimore, died a horrid death in 
 that city, a few days ago, in consequence of poison communicated 
 to his system from a horse afflicted with glanders. During the 
 admnistration of medicine Mr. B. thrust into the animal's mouth 
 his hand, a finger of which had been previously cut, and the flesh 
 laid open. Through this wound the virus was absorbed, and mor- 
 tification supervened. A surgeon was called upon to amputate 
 the diseased member. Perceiving, however, that the poison had 
 penetrated to every portion of the unfortunate man's system he 
 declined performing the operation, and stated that no earthly 
 skill could save his life. After lingering in great agony, death 
 closed the scene." 
 
17 
 
 Still another — Death or a Russian Lady from Glan- 
 ders. — The awful death of Madame Palesikoff, one of the most 
 charming amongst all that bevy of charming Russian ladies, 
 who sometimes gladden the winters of Paris, has created a terri- 
 ble shock amongst the circles she so lately embellished by her 
 presence. The unhappy lady left Paris but a short time ago, on 
 a summer tour to Germany. While stepping from the door of 
 the opera house in Berlin, to gain her carriage, she let fall one of 
 her bracelets close to the pavement. Stooping to pick it up, she 
 noticed at the time, laughingly, that " one of the torses belonging 
 to a carriage standing at hand, dropped his head so close to her 
 face, that he had touched her, and left a moist kiss upon her 
 cheek." In a few days the unfortunate lady was taken ill with 
 that most horrible disease, glanders, and in a few days more 
 breathed her last, in spite of the attendance of the first physicians 
 of Berlin, and every resource to be obtained by wealth, or by the 
 ceaseless vigilance of friends. — Court Journal. 
 
 In March 1853, a messenger named Meignan, of the Commune 
 of Chemilli, consulted a quack by the name of Moyne about a 
 discharge affecting one of his horses. Moyne, who passed in the 
 country as formerly a pupil of the veterinary school at Alfort, and 
 even assumed in his practice the title of veterinary surgeon, de- 
 clared, after having examined Meignan 's horse, that he was affected 
 with "strangles," but that Meignan might use him and treat him 
 without any risk of harm, and that he would answer for his re- 
 covery. 
 
 Meignan, equally simple and confiding, followed this dangerous 
 advice. He made use of his horse, treated and groomed him ac- 
 cording to the instructions given, in fact, was too faithful an ex- 
 ecutor of the prescriptions of a man in whom he had placed his 
 confidence : he would daily wipe the nostrils of the horse clean 
 with his pocket-handkerchief, lest he might be found fault with by 
 the authorities of the villages he was necessitated to pass through. 
 Such care became to him fatal. On the 7th of April this unfor- 
 tunate messenger fell a victim to the effects of the farcino-glan- 
 derous attack contracted from his horse. Some days after his 
 death, M. Pangoue, veterinary surgeon, called in by the authority, 
 pronounced that the horse of this unfortunate man was affected 
 with acute glanders, and recommended accordingly his immediate 
 destruction. Our brethren, MM. Pangoue and Bresson, communi- 
 cated to us this fact, as another proof of the danger of empiri- 
 cism. 
 
 I, mentioning a similar case were two horses were glandered, 
 MM. Pangoue says, " For the last fortnight these horses had 
 been treated by the proprietor himself, who, in the course of that 
 time contrasted the glanders in spite of all the precautions I had 
 strongly urged him to take, not doubting but that he exposed 
 himself to great risks. Notwithstanding, one could not positively 
 assert the channel through which contagion had taken place, it 
 was very easy to suppose what the contagious agent was, and how 
 
18 
 
 the glandeved virus had operated. However incomplete this oase 
 may be deemed, especially as far as qonceros the unfortunate sub- 
 ject of contagion, do not similar details to those I have just re- 
 lated, exist in abundance, and prove in a most undeniable manner 
 that human nature enjoys the sad prerogative of contracting, 
 through inoculation, a disease so terrible among our domestic ani- 
 mals, and one which veterinary science has designated under the 
 name of glanders. — Rec. de Med. Vet. de Sep., 1854. 
 
 In man it is generally produced through inoculation of the 
 matter into a wound. Whether it can be contracted by infection, 
 through the miasmata arising from it,- without actual contact of 
 the matter, is not yet quite decided. There are, however, some 
 grounds for believing th'at this disease is occasionally propagated 
 by infection in the horse ; and that the effluvia are capable of 
 communicating some form of malignant fever, although not true 
 glanders, to the' human subject. But the matter from the ab- 
 scesses or nasal cavities ofj human beings is capable of communi- 
 cating the disease both to men and animals. A man died of 
 gltaiders in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in 1840, and the nurse 
 who attended him inoculated her hand, and died of it also in a 
 few days ; and two kittens which were inoculated from the nurse, 
 became affected likewise. Moreover, the blood of a glandered 
 horse injected into the veins of a healthy one, communicated the 
 disease, although no abnormal appearance could be detected in it 
 by the microscope. — Druiti's Surgery. 
 
 ■'An inquest was opened at the Guildhall, Bath, on Friday 
 evening, September 26th, by A. H. English, Esq., the city Co- 
 roner, on the body of a boy who died from glanders." — Veteri- 
 iiarian, 1862. 
 
 Death f/vm Glanders. — A blacksmith, named George Spence, 
 residing at Aunadarragh, and aged about forty years, was admit- 
 ted into the County Infirmary on the 2*1 th Blay last, suffering 
 frpm glanders. Notwithstanding all the efforts of medical skill, 
 the unfortunate man expired on the 7th ult. This loathsome dis- 
 ease must have been communicated to the deceased by some horse 
 which he was shoeing. As it is now well known that glanders is 
 incurable, animals infected with the disease should be destroyed 
 as soon as the first symptoms are manifested. — Veterinary Re- 
 view, 1862. 
 
 From time to time, cases of glanders or farcy are reported as 
 occurring in the human subject, but the frequency with which 
 such reports meet the public eye bear no relation to the actual 
 number of cases which are observed. As with several other forms 
 of disease due to animal poisons, there are many cases overlooked, 
 and never diagnosed. We have a law referring to glandered horses, 
 to their use and sale, but we can state from experience that the 
 law is evaded. Veterinary surgeons are not disposed to insist on 
 the immediate slaughter of any glandered horse they meet with 
 in practice. Cases of farcy are often much neglected, and the 
 result is the spread of disease. Information has reached us of 
 
19 
 
 glandered horses sold by public auction, of animals similarly af- 
 fected, being worked in London omnibusses, and it is well known 
 that glanders has proven unusually destructive within the last two 
 or three year.s amongst the horses of our cavalry regiments. 
 
 Ireland is no doubt the division of the United Kingdom, iu 
 which there are most cases of glanders in man and horses. In 
 the Report of the Census Commissioners for 1851, we find the 
 the following remarks : " The number of deaths from this cause 
 afforded by the returns of 1 841 was but 11 ; on the present occa- 
 sion they amount to 196 — viz., 168 males and 28 females. We 
 think the magnitude in the returns for 1851 is owing, not merely 
 to a greater knowledge, both medical and popular, of the symp- 
 toms of the disease, but to an increase of these afiections, and to 
 a greater negligence on the part of persons engaged in the care of 
 horses. Instances have been recorded of families becoming infect- 
 ed with this frightful malady, from residing in tlie same apar*" 
 ments with diseased animals. In our Keport upon the statis>>'<^s 
 of disease we have already called attention to the subject o^ the^ 
 increase of this affection, and pointed out the neccessity' which 
 exists for bringing infected animals under the surveillance of the 
 police. The seasons show the following great varieties : In spring 
 there died 71 persons from this cause; in summer, W ; in winter, 
 48 ; and in autumn but 29." — Vet. Review, 1863r 
 
 Law respecting Glandered Horses in England, reads thus : — 
 "Any person who shall sell, expose for sale, or keep in his posses- 
 sion, or keep or suffer to be kept on his premises, or lead, drive, 
 or bring in or into any street, road, or public place, any horse or 
 beast affected with the said disease or any disease of the like 
 nature, knowing such horse or beast to be so affected, shall be lia- 
 ble to a fine not exceeding the sum of twenty pounds, ($100) or in 
 default of payment to be imprisoned for a term not exceeding one 
 month." 
 
 " Any justice or justices, may order any horse or other beast af- 
 fected with the said disease, together with any troughs, litter, hay, 
 straw, or other article which he or they shall judge likely to have 
 been infected thereby, to be forthwith destroyed, or otherwise dis- 
 posed of in such manner as he or they shall deem proper." 
 
 "In 1784, a law was enacted by the French Government, to 
 prevent any one from keeping a glandered horse, under a penalty 
 of one hundred dollars. Every animal suspected of glanders had 
 the words ■ suspected animal' impressed with green wax on his 
 forehead ; and the penalty for selling such an animal, or offering 
 him for sale, was one hundred dollars. 
 
 " Persons having suspected animals were to report the same to 
 the mayor, syndics of villages, or other proper authorities, under 
 a penalty of $100. Such horses were then inspected by experi- 
 enced veterinary surgeons, appointed by the mayor or other offi- 
 cer, and if found glandered were destroyed. If only suspected, 
 they were marked in the forehead as before described." 
 
20 
 
 Tlie foregoing is but a drop in the bucket, compared with the 
 recorded evidence upon the subject of glanders, time and space 
 however will not permit a further extension of this subject. Our 
 present experience in the United States of America should bring 
 us to the level of Europe in passing laws, ordinances, on the sub- 
 ject of glanders. The losses already sustained, by our farmers 
 and horsemen by the purchase of condemned and diseased Gov- 
 ernment horses, amount to more than the sum realized by the gov- 
 ernment, and will go on increasing at a fearful rate. 
 
 We are told that the glandered horses of the army have been 
 shot or destroyed and that none are oflFered which are known as 
 diseased. Half an hour in the sales yards is more than sufficient 
 to convince a competent judge to the contrary. It is evident to 
 the observer that the malady exists to a great extent. Where is 
 the fault ? Is it not obvious that the officers having charge of the 
 animals oflFered for sale are not competent, and do not understand 
 t'ae disease ? How many recognized Veterinary Surgeons are 
 there in the employ of the U. S. Government ? None to speak of. 
 Befoie sending a lot of horses to any place for public sale, every 
 animal nhould be thoroughly inspected by the most competent sur- 
 geon, qualified as such, a graduate, a man of long experience and 
 a practitiomr, and every animal, even suspected, should be at once 
 destroyed. 
 
 Y<»ry respectfully, 
 
 E. JENNINGS, Veterinaky Surgeon. 
 BordeQtown, March 1, 1864. 
 
21 
 
 THE ANNUAL ANNOUNCEMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 VETtfilNAfiY GOttEGE flf PHItADEtPttlA, 
 
 For 1864-65. 
 
 INCORPORATED 1853. 
 
 "Are Veterinaria post Medicinam secunda est. 
 
 VETERINARY COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 This Institution, chartered by the Pennsylvania State Legislature, 
 1852, is permanently located at Philadelphia, where it has been in 
 successful operation for several years past. 
 
 Philadelphia, the great emporium of medical science on this conti- 
 nent, has been chosen as the most suitable place in which to rear up 
 an institution for the promulgation of a sister science. The reputation 
 of her Medical schools extends over the whole civilized world. The 
 facilities for Anatomical investigations, Clinical instructions, &c., &c., 
 are at least as great as those of any other city in the Union. 
 
 The Museum of the College embraces a collection of Pathological 
 Specimens, in point of excellence far surpassing those of many Euro- 
 pean Colleges of many years standing. Over one thousand preparations 
 have already been deposited in the College Museum, the skeletons of 
 the celebrated race mare "' Patsey Anthony," the trotting horse 
 " Blue Diok," a Shetland Pony, formerly belonging to Welch's Circus 
 Company, &c. A Mule, a Cow, a Hog, and a Dog, each neatly 
 mounted on wires, add interest to this valuable collection. The lec- 
 ture rooms are conveniently and comfortably fitted sp. The dissecting 
 rooms are sufficiently large, and afford every facility for pursuing An- 
 atomical investigations, material in abundance always at hand, withou 
 extra charge. The Library contains a number of the most valuable 
 Veterinary Works published in this country and in Europe. 
 
22 
 
 In eslablishirig Veterinary Colleges in this country, a new field is 
 opened to the votary of Veterinary science for extensive investigation, 
 wherein to build up fame and fortune. A man with ordinary abilities, 
 vpith proper energy, can distinguish liimself in the world by embracing 
 this profession, while in most others he would only arrive at mediocrity ; 
 here is an unbeaten path for him to pursue, which, if faithfully and 
 honestly followed, will lead to usefulness and honor. 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 Gen'l. George Cadwalader, James Gowen, Esq., 
 
 Prof. William Gibson, M. D., Hon. George W.Woodward, 
 
 Alfred L. Elwyn, M. D., Sketohley Morton, Esq., 
 
 Hon. Frederick Watts, Alonzo Potter, D. D., 
 
 Gen. George M. Keim, Prof. James Bryan, M.D. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 ALFRED L. ELWYN, M. D., President 
 Hon. Benjamin R. Miller, Secretary. 
 Prof. James Bryan, M. D., Treasurer. 
 Charles Lex, Esq. 
 Samuel Kilpatrick, Esq. 
 
 FACULTY. 
 
 R. MoClure, Prof, of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 
 
 R. Jennings, " " Pathology and Surgery. 
 
 R. McClure, " " Anatomy and Physiology. 
 
 R. Jennings, " " Practice of Medicine in reference to 
 all domestic animals. 
 
23 
 
 PLAN OF INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 This consists of daily Lectures, given during the regular annua 
 sessions held ; first course commencing on the first Monday in May, 
 and continuing twelve consecutive weeks; the second course com- 
 mencing on the first Monday in November, and continuing sixteen 
 consecutive weeks, of each year. 
 
 The lectures embrace all the several departments of veterinary med- 
 ical science, in the same manner as is taught in other Medical Colleges 
 
 Medical and Surgical Clinics, will be given on Wednesdays and 
 Saturdays of each week during the session. The students of the last 
 session wimessed over three hundred Surgical operations upon horses 
 and cattle. Students entering this Institution have the advantage both 
 of a city and country practice during their Collegiate course. 
 
 REQUIREMENTS OF STUDENTS. 
 
 Each student will be required to attend one session of two courses of 
 lectures previous to graduation, in addition to which he will be required 
 to study at least one year under some respectable practitioner of vet- 
 erinary medicine, either before or during his term of Collegiate instruc- 
 tions. This institution has been recognised by the Royal Veterinary 
 College of Alfort, France, the highest authority in the world ; her gradu- 
 ates therefore, will command the confidence and respect of the public 
 wherever they may go. 
 
 FEES. 
 
 For the course, which consists of two sessions, - - $100.00 
 
 Matriculation, .--..-- 5.00 
 Graduation, ..... 25.00 
 
 Whole expense, exclusive of board, - - $130.00 
 
 Further information may be obtained on application to R. McClure, 
 Veterinary Surgeon, No. 807 Filbert street, Philadelphia, or to Robert 
 Jennings, Veterinary Surgeon, Bordentown, New Jersey, to whom all 
 communications for the College are to be addressed. 
 
24 
 
 GRADUATES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 VETERINARY COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 HONORARY GRADUATES. 
 RoBT. Jennings, V. S., - - Pennsylvania. 
 
 G. W. Bowler, V. S., - - - Ohio. 
 
 W. W. Fraley, V. S. 
 R. McClure, V. S., 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 REGULAR GRADUATES. 
 
 Jacob Dilts, 
 W. W. Wesdom, 
 Edwin H. Palmer, 
 Josepii H. Holmes, 
 And. Thayre, 
 Samuel Wilson, 
 T. T. Evans, 
 Wm. F. Noell, 
 Geo. Griffiths, 
 Samuel B. Reed, 
 Aaron B. Reed, 
 John S. Keeler, 
 Alex. Muller, 
 Hudson Cassady, 
 F. H. Wright, 
 William Hutton, 
 Wm. J. McConn, - 
 Joseph Higgins, 
 Jacob Phillips, 
 James B. Rayner, 
 Henry B. Rayner, 
 James McCoart, 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 <( 
 
 Canada. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 Illinois. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 New York. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Maryland. 
 Pennsylvania 
 
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