730 \a a 9 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM D.T. Baldwin Lj.T.»> Cornell University Library HA730.A1 AS 1909 + General statistics of cities: 1909: olin 3 1924 032 603 312 Overs DATE DUE rk^i f.-n D on ^^^■iftluUetin containing statistics of cities having a pop- ulation of from 8,000 to 25,000. For the year 1904 it issued its first bulletin, exclusively devoted to the ^statistics of cities having a population of over 30,000. Since then reports have been issued annually contain- ing statistics for the last-named class of cities. Some of these reports presented financial statistics only, and others both financial and general or physical sta- tistics. In the case of the latter class of reports the greater prominence was given to financial statistics. Beginnings were made in the reports for 1905 and 1907 of the correlation of the physical and financial statistics, with a view of securing a statement of the relative costs of certain services in the different cities. Those reports contained statistics of the per capita <50sts of cleaning streets, and the costs of such cleaning per 1,000 square yards subject to regular cleaning, and per 1,000,000 square yards cleaned. In the same manner were presented similar comparative figures for other classes of municipal activities, including those showing the cost of refuse collection and dis- posal per capita and per ton of refuse. Purpose of report. — In the present report the Bureau of the Census aims to present general and physical statistics which are of administrative value or popular interest relative to several important municipal services. Among the subjects treated are the equipment of the difiPerent services, the work accomplished by them, the methods of operation, the force employed, wages and salaries paid, efficiency as indicated by the ratio of the force employed to the work apcompUshed, and, whenever possible, the econ- omy of the service as indicated by the cost per unit of work performed. Imperfect and incomplete statistical data. — In its work of collecting and compiling statistics, the Bureau of the Census discovered that the physical or general records of cities were in many instances wholly lack- ing, or else were so manifestly inaccurate as to limit to narrow bounds the field within which comparative statistics of any value could be compiled. This fact was pointed out in the reports for 1905 and 1907, and the statement was made that tmtil cities provide more accurate and more fully correlated financial and phys- ical data no statistics can be compiled by the Bureau of the Census or by the individual cities which wiU satisfactorily exhibit the costs of the varioiis municipal services and the quantity and quaUty of the work performed. It is believed, however, that the prior pubHcation by the Bureau of the Census of such sta- tistics has not been wholly fruitless, since it has called attention to the value of comparative municipal sta- tistics and has assisted in establishing, by cooperation and conference with committees, city officials, and students of the subject, the bases on which may ulti- mately be compiled statistics that will accurately measure the efficiency and economy of municipal administration. Correlation of financial and general statistics. — Within the last few years a large number of cities have installed new and scientific systems of accounts (13) 14 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. for recording financial data. In these accounts re- ceipts and payments are classified with reference to the source of receipt and the object of payment. The adoption of such a classification is a long step in the right direction, but the most beneficial results can not be realized without the installation of complete physical records,or records of work done or services performed supplementing and correlating with the records of ex- penditures ; since it is only when the information con- tained in the physical records is correlated with that of the financial records that it is possible to determine the efficiency and economy with which the services are conducted. The correlation of physical and financial data is, however, possible only by the prior establishment of conmion units of service in the two records. This fact is at present but seldom fully recognized. In many of the cities iastalling these financial accounts the physical and general records are left in confu- sion, and as a result the financial accounts and reports are of no very great administrative value. This condition will continue to exist until units of work or service are adopted and clearly defined for the physical and general records and the financial accounts are correlated with them. Further, both financial and physical records should be uniform as between city and city to make the experience of one city of any value to the officials of other cities, since without such uniformity the expenses of one city can not be compared with those of another, as may be seen by placing the expenses of City A, which reports the cost of street cleaning at a given rate per mile of street cleaned, by the side of those of City B, which reports it at a specified rate per cartload of sweepings removed, or by trying to test the comparative cost of street paving per square yard in two cities if nothing is known as to the kind of materials used or method of construction in the two places. In this pubUcation the effort to correlate financial and physical statistics so as to secure figures measur- ing administrative efficiency and economy has been carried as far as practicable with the available data. In fact, the student of the subject will doubtless con- clude that in some instances the inconsistencies of the comparative figures presented indicate that the corre- lation has been carried to the breaking point, and that certaia figures have little significance because of incom- pleteness or inaccuracy of the fundamental data on which they are based. But if the publication of this volume becomes, as have its predecessors, an object lesson disclosing the imperfections of city records and accounts and stimulating their improvement, it will not be wholly in vain. The present volume, reflect- ing as a mirror the lack of existing accurate statistical data, will serve to illustrate the obstacles to be over- come before truly comparable statistics are attainable. Schemes for uniform accounts and reports. — ^To assist in advancing the movement for uniform accounts and reports on which must depend the possibility of com- piling trustworthy comparative statistics, and statis- tics measuring the economy and efficiency of munici- pal administration, the Bureau of the Census has pre- pared schemes of standard uniform accounts and reports for several different branches of municipal activity. It is hoped that by cooperation and corre- spondence with city officials and with others inter- ested in the subject these accounts and forms may be perfected and then adopted by the various cities. Requirements for a successful scheme of uniform ae- counts and reports. — A scheme for uniform accountings and reporting, to have any administrative value, must have the following characteristics: (1) Its accounts must be so arranged and the data to be recorded there- in so classified that summaries of results are provided along fixed lines and upon common bases, so that com- parisons can be made between the summaries for dif- ferent fiscal periods and between those of similar de- partments or activities in different cities; (2) its bases of classification must be such that the summaries secured will provide the data for computing all the unit costs of service that are of administrative signifi- cance; and (3) its accounts must be given such names and numbers as mil make the system readily under- stood and easy of application, and readily adjustable to conditions in cities differing widely in size, volume of business, and form of municipal organization. Primary classification of expenditures. — The primary classification of expenditures for any service adapted to meet the foregoing requirements is one which (1) separates the governmental costs of cities into those designated by the Bureau of the Census as "expenses" and "outlays," and (2) separates the costs of each department or object of expenditure from those of other departments or objects of expenditure. Expenses. — ^Municipal expenses are the costs of con- ducting municipal business and municipal activities,, including the costs of caring for and maintaining or repairing and replacing municipal properties and pub- lic improvements. These expenses are of two kinds, general and functional. The general expenses are the expenses of general administration or the expenses which are sometimes called "overhead charges." The functional expenses are the expenses of the various departments or branches of governmental service, such as those of the police or fire department, and high- way or refuse disposal service. Outlays. — ^Municipal outlays are the costs of con- structing or acquiring the more or less permanent properties and public improvements of municipalities. Outlays may be grouped, as are the expenses, into gen- eral and functional outlays, general outlays being the costs of acquiring and constructing properties and equipment used for general administrative purposes,, &nd functional outlays being the costs of providing the properties and public improvements that are used in INTRODUCTION. 15 the various branches or departments of municipal geirvice. Functional classifications. — Scarcely less important than the classification of the costs of government into expenses and outlays is the complete segregation of those costs according to the fimctional activities. But few cities have attempted to make such classifications for air services, even in an elementary fashion. This is probably due in large part to a confusion as to a proper segregation of functions within one common service, or the failure to carry the principle of classifi- cation far enough. Yet cost statistics can have no accurate scientific or administrative value unless they are grouped definitely according to the precise work or service to which such costs relate. Accounts of different orders. — ^In the schemes of ac- counts which are suggested on later pages of this report for adoption by the different municipal services as the bases for uniform and standard forms of reporting expenses, outlays, revenues, and appropriations, accounts of different orders are provided, and each account is given a name as fully descriptive as is practi- cable of the data to be recorded therein, and is also given a number showing its relations to all the other accounts. The accounts of the first order are called summary accounts; those of the second order, general accounts; those of the third order, suhgeneral accounts; those of the fourth order, primary accounts; and those of the fifth order, subprimary accounts. The numbers given to the accounts of the first order are expressed by one digit, those of the second order by two, those of the third order by three, those of the fourth order by four, and those of the fifth order by five. All general accounts, or accounts numbered with two dig- its, are summed up or closed out into the summary ac- count having a number identical with the first digit of the number of the general account; and in like manner all subgeneral or three-di^it accounts are summed up and closed into the general account whose number is identical with the first two digits of that of the sub- general account so closed. In the same general way the accounts with four digits are closed into one with three digits, and those with five digits are closed into one with four digits. On pages 18, 37, 55, 60, and 63 are presented out- line schemes of accounts arranged in accordance with the above-described principles, but the summary and general accounts, being the only ones that are of use in computing unit costs of service, are the only ones which are there presented in detail; instructions are, however, given on pages 19, 38, and 55 for arranging such numbers of three-digit, four-digit, or five-digit accounts as the character of service may require, or as the individual city may desire. No radical'change in methods of accounting. — Cities adopting the system of uniform accounts suggested in this report and the resulting forms for reporting ex- penditures, will not be compelled to make radical changes in their methods of bookkeeping or systems of accounting. Those among them whose accounts with financial transactions are statements of cash re- ceipts and of cash or warrant payments may continue to keep their accounts and make their reports on that basis; while those whose accounts of financial income include those of accrued revenues and their accounts with governmental costs are records of audited bills and claims will find no difficulty in adopting the classification here suggested. Further, the adoption by cities using either one of these methods of recording expenditures of the classification here suggested will in no way interfere with a subsequent adoption of the other method of accounting. Separate publication of fivn,ncial and general statis- tics. — In all the preceding bulletins and reports con- taining statistics of cities the Bureau of the Ceuiius has included its physical and general statistics in the same volume with its financial statistics. For the year 1909 the two classes of statistics are published in separate volumes. Summary of prior statistics. — ^The physical and gen- eral statistics of cities presented in reports of former years covered a considerable field, as is indicated by the following summary, in which the years for which the several inquiries were conducted are indicated in brackets after the subjects of the inqxiiries: Almshouses. — Municipal almshouses and municipal hospitals (1902-1903, 1905, and 1907). Baths. — Bathhouses and bathing beaches (1905 and 1907). Building.— Bn\\Am% permits issued (1902-1903, 1905, and 1907). Cleaning.— Street cleaning (1902-1903, 1905, and 1907). ^toric.— Municipal electric-light plants (1902-1903 and 1905). Municipal electric-light and power plants (1907). Fire department. — Firemen, fire equipment, fire alarms, fire and property loss from fires (1902-1903, 1905, and 1907). (? C fCan^aj? Citv Mo 21,345 '2 35,083 148,000 i SB, its 166,329 180,392 123,264 i«7, 000 14,400 15,000 115,891 115,625 Hartford Coim 17,275 17,100 61 54 14,048 ■11,411 9,288 64 72 73 77 83 Troy iT Y ' 1,083 Utica N y' 14,085 i> 3 13, 904 Mfinehester N H 11,050 Wilkes-Barre Pa 1,627 87 90 116,500 Portland, Me . . 3,750 12,806 16,400 93 105 Pawtucket, R. I '. 17,200 114 Springfield, Ohio 1 1,728 115 Atlantic City N. J 122,400 117 Rockford, 111 18,064 York, Pa 112,000 124 19,179 15,616 16,060 12,995 18,013 15,440 127 "Nf ow "RritaiTi , TnTiTi 133 134 Dubuque, Iowa 136 Chester, Pa 141 Fitchburg, Mass 144 1.2 6,576 146 New Castle, Pa 6,453 148 Auburn, N. Y 14,173 152 Everett, Mass 14,882 13,674 154 1 1 All garbage disposed of as indicated by column beading. 2 Dumped into water. 3 Dead animals incinerated with garbage. Disposal of asJies. — ^All ashes collected by the sepa- rate method, whether by city employees or by con- tractors, were disposed of by dtimping upon land. The quantities thus collected and disposed of are shown in Table 12, in the column with the heading "Ashes." Disposal ofrublish. — ^All or part of the rubbish col- lected or disposed of at the expense of the city was dis- posed of independently of other refuse in 46 of the 158 cities included in the report. City employees disposed of all rubbish collected by the separate method in 39 REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. 45 cities, and contractors disposed of all so collected in 7 cities. Both city employees and contractors disposed of rubbisli collected by the separate method in Boston, Mass. Rubbish disposed of by city employees was collected by the separate method by city employees in 29 cities; by private agencies at the expense of house- holders in the following 10 cities: Seattle, Wash.; Scranton, Pa.; Albany, N. Y.; Youngstown, Ohio; Duluth,! Minn.; Binghamton, N. Y.; McKeesport, Pa.; Butte, Mont.; Woonsocket, R. I.; and Quincy, 111. ; and by a contractor in Buffalo, N. Y, For the fol- lowing 3 cities no report of the quantity of rubbish disposed of could be obtained: Albany, N. Y.; Woon- socket, R. I.; and Quincy, 111. The total quantity reported as disposed of by city employees was 1,156,701 cubic yards; and by contractors, 358,723 cubic yards. The quantity of rubbish disposed of separately by various methods is given in the table which follows, so far as information relating to the disposal was received. Rubbish collected by the separate system, where the method of its disposal is not especially mentioned in the table, was practically all disposed of by being dumped upon the land with ashes. City num- ber. Total.. NewYorlc.N. Y. Philadelpnia, Pa. Boston, Maes Pittsburgh, Pa... Newark, N. J New Orleans, La.. Los Angeles, Cal . . Indianapolis, Ind.. Louisville, Ey Seattle, Wash Scranton, Pa Paterson, N.J Richmond, Va Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Tenn CUBIC YARDS OF RUBBISH DISPOSED OFBY— Incinera- tion by city em- ployees. 635,265 '118,478 77,620 '33,381 < 5 36,364 '53,895 < 5 36, 500 Dumping on land- By city employees. 472,029 8 22,356 * 27, 845 136,334 no, 139 < 17, 648 100,152 37,726 «5,488 By con- tractors. 136,725 8,235 10,910 1 Except 160 ublo yards which were collected by the city. » Including 89,904 cubic yards incinerated separately in the Borough of Manhat- tan and 28,574 cubic yards incinerated with garbage in the Borough of Queens. ' Includes 6,509 cubic yards which were dumped in water. • All rubbish separately collected was disposed of as indicated by column heading. s Incinerated with garbage. CITY. CUBIC YARDS OF RUBBISH DISPOSED OF BY— City num- ber. Incinera- tion by city em- ployees. Dumping on land- By city employees. By con- tractore. 45 Cambridge, Mass 123,435 10,975 49 66 Dallas, Tex 132,400 67 Salt Lake City, Utah 18,488 19,480 1 '3,200 12 7,465 ■4,950 62 Lawrence, Mass .' 67 68 Dninth, Minn 70 Somerv'ille, Mass 76 Hoboken, N. J 3,000 81 Norfolk, Va 2 83,040 3,120 1373 12,853 '600 83 Wilkes-Barre, Pa 85 Savannah On. 93 96 Jacksonville, Fla..: 12 7,260 97 Oklahoma City, Okla 12,400 ■2,000 ■200 110 Binphamtnnj N. Y 125 Pueblo, Colo 126 Salem, Mass 324 12 6,266 118,144 129 McKeesport, Pa 133 Newton, Mass 135 Butte, Mont ■7,100 ■68,742 ■1,700 ■22,960 138 Montgomery, Ala 141 Fitchburg, Mass . 145 'All rubbish separately collected was disposed of as Indicated by column heading. ' Incinerated with garbage. Disposal of waste paper. — ^The waste paper included with the rubbish collected by the separate method by city employees was sold by 6 cities ia amounts as follows : City num- ber. 7 40 58 81 97 126 Total- Cleveland, Ohio . Richmond, Va.. Lynn, Mass. Norfolk, Va. Oklahoma City, Okla. Salem, Mass Cubic yards. 47,762 ■12,668 1,776 ■7,698 13,100 12,400 120 1 All waste paper collected separately was sold. The contractors ia Washington, D. C, sold 115,778 cubic yards of waste paper. Disposal of dead animals. — The quantity of dead animals disposed of by city employees and by con- tractors by various methods are given in the table which follows. 46 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. [Note.— Figures in italics are estimates.] CITY. TONS OP DEAD ANIMALS DISPOSED OF. City num- ber. CITY. TONS OP DEAD ANIMALS DISPOSED OF. City num- ber. Reduced by- Incinerated by- Buried by- Reduced by- Incinerated by- Buried by- City em- ployees. Con- tractors. City em- ployees. Con- trac- tors. City em- ployees. Con- trac- tors. City em- ployees. Con- tractors. City em- ployees. Con- trac- tors. City em- ployees. Con- trac- tors. Total 65 33,443 2,704 1,454 614 783 71 72 73 74 76 77 79 81 83 87 88 89 93 94 95 96 98 99 101 102 103 104 105 107 108 111 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 122 123 124 127 128 129 131 132 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 144 145 146 147 149 151 152 154 157 KHTiffas City, l^HTis .... 488 27B NewYork, N. y Utica, N. Y. . 1 10,733 3,187 84 2,690 2,100 67 68 2 Chicago, III Elizabeth, N. J 125 78 3 Hoboken, N. J 4 St. Louis, Mo Manchester, N. H 2 126 1 1 5 Boston. Mass Baltimore, Md . 6 Narfolk" Va.'. 7 3' 7 Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa 44 ■Wilkes-Barre, Pa 8 10 g 1,200 Harrisburg, Fa 12 Cincitmati, Ohio Fort Wayne, Ind 13 13 Milwaukee, "Wis 21 98 505 800 402 110 8S2 471 1,387 360 mo 600 500 Charleston, S. C 122 14 72 136 15 New Orleans, La Brockton, Mass 16 Washington, D. C Johnstown, Pa B 181 17 2 88 Jacksonville, Fla 18 Los Angeles, Cal ■Raynnnp, N. J 40 10 11 19 74 20 Kansas City, Mo Passaic, N. J 2 22 .. 12 « 24 Mobile, Ala 25 Rochester, N. Y 262 26 27 AUentown, Pa 2 1,380 Pawtucket, R. I 102 276 Canton, Ohio 1 29 30 36 Wichita, Kans 15 Toledo, Ohio 107 107 5 31 Springfield, Ohio SO 20 4S 40 10 32 Atlanta, Ga eo Atlantic City, N. J 33 4 Bay City, Mich 34 3 Rockford, 111 35 3 York, Pa 36 1 300 276 S8 7 Lincoln, Nebr 20 39 32 Chattanooga, Tenn 4 107 40 Sacramento, Cal 41 42 9 Maiden, Mass 18 70 Grand Eapids, Mich 10 Hayerhill, Mass 43 NashviUe, Tenn ns 219 HO 156 45 Cambridge, Mass Davenport, Iowa 200 46 Dayton, Ohio McKeesport, Pa 56 47 Albany,N.Y 87 48 Bridgeport, Coim Superior, Wis 49 473 11 160 Dubuque, Iowa 68 16 Butte, Mont 93 52 2 1240 Chester, Pa 2 14 11 San Antonio Tex Kalamazoo, Mich 46 120 63 53 54 Now Bedford, Mass 181 65 Camden, N. J sei 366 Woonsooket, R.I 56 Dallas, Tex Galveston, Tex 85 57 Salt Lake City, Utah... Fitehburg, Mass. . . 1 58 126 ISO S Quinoy,I]l 500 60 Springfield, Mass Knoxville, Tenn 61 4 63 62 loe 187 New Castle, Pa 3 63 Macon, Ga 48 Troy,N.y U West Hoboken, N. J.... 14 64 65 Yonkers,N.Y 146 18 52 1 66 Tacoma,Wash ;.. m 21 83 68 Duluth,Minn B Chelsea, Mass 70 Somerville, Mass 2 2 1 Incinerated at city dump in the open air. The quantities of dead animals shown above do not include 16 tons dumped at sea at Lynn, Mass., 3 tons dumped into the rirer at Davenport, Iowa, nor 224 tons disposed of at Savannah, Ga., by un- reported methods. Neither do they contain the quantities disposed of in 13 cities by contractors and in 11 cities by city employees, for which no informa- tion relating to the quantity collected nor method of disposal was reported. The 13 cities first referred to were: Detroit, Mich.; Indianapolis, Ind.; Syracuse, N. Y.; Lowell, Mass.; Wilmington, Del.; Evans- ville, Ind.; Peoria, 111.; Terre Haute, Ind.; East St. Louis, 111.; Sioux City, Iowa; Topeka, Kans.; Fitehburg, Mass.; and South Omaha, Nebr. The 11 cities in which disposal was by city em- ployees, but in quantity and by method not reported, were: Boston, Mass.; Detroit, Mich.; Youngstown, Ohio; Houston, Tex.; EvansviUe, and South Bend, Ind.; Saginaw, Mich.; Salem, Mass.; Ebnira and Auburn, N. Y.; and Joliet, 111. REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. 47 COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF REFUSE UNDEE PRIVATE ARRANGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLDER. Refuse collected and disposed of at Jiouseholder's expense. — Many cities pay nothing for refuse colleo- iion and disposal, and the payments reported by many other cities for this service are exclusively for inspec- tion and regulation. Further, as has been mentioned on preceding pages, many cities collecting refuse collect only a part of the quantity produced in the city. In nearly every city business establishments and private houses may, and in many cities must, dispose of all or certain classes of refuse. Cities very generally do not remove refuse incident to building operations, wastes from slaughterhouses and markets, waste paper from mercantile houses, ashes from factories, and many cities do not remove garbage from hotels and restaurants. For the fiscal year 1909 the collection of garbage was wholly under private arrangement of the house- holder, and hence free of cost to the city, in 45 cities; of ashes, in 73 cities; of rubbish (including waste paper), in 72 cities; and of dead animals, in 46 cities. Cities wiih private arrangements for collecting gar- iage. — In the following 45 cities the collection and disposal of all garbage was under private arrangement of the householder: San Francisco, Cal. Seattle, Wash. Portland, Oreg. Omaha, Nebr. Oakland, Cal. Albany, N. Y. Camden, N. J. Dallas, Tex. Des Moines, Iowa. St. Joseph, Mo. Tacoma, Wash. Kansas City, Kans. Schenectady, N. Y. Akron, Ohio. Fort Worth, Tex. Wilkes -Barre, Pa. Erie, Pa. Peoria, 111. Johnstown, Pa. Altoona, Pa. Saginaw, Mich. Wichita, Kans. Springfield, 111. Bingham ton, N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Bay City, Mich. Lincoln, Nebr. Topeka, Kans. Sacramento, Cal. Pueblo, Colo. McKeesport, Pa. Superior, Wis. Kalamazoo, Mich. Montgomery, Ala. Woonsocket, R. I. Racine, Wis. Elmira, N. Y. Knoxville, Tenn. New Castle, Pa. Oshkosh, Wis. Joplin, Mo. South Omaha, Nebr. Canton, Ohio. In Dubuque, Iowa, and La Crosse, Wis., the col- lection of garbage was under private arrangement of the householder during the winter, but was by the city during the summer. In 41 other cities a portion of the garbage collected was collected under private arrangement of the householders. In some of these licensed farmers did the collecting free of cost to the city or the house- holder for the privilege of feeding to swine, while in others householders had to pay for the removal. In most of these cities, so far as reported, only a small proportion of the total quantity produced was col- lected under private arrangement of the householders, except in Duluth, Minn., where the city had only one horse and wagon engaged in the collection; New Britain, Conn., where only about one-third was col- lected by the city; Taunton, Mass., where fully one- half was collected by the householders; Springfield, Ohio, where about one-fifth was so collected; and San Antonio, Tex., where half or more was so collected. In most of those cities where the collections were made both by the city and the householder, the col- lection under private arrangement of the household- ers was in the business section only, though in Toledo, Ohio, Hartford, Conn., and Springfield, Ohio, it was mainly from the residential sections. In Rochester, N. Y., it was in various parts of the city, and in Lynn, Mass., it was in a small section only. In Haverhill, Mass., it was in the "compact part of the city." In 24 of the 41 cities above referred to, hotels and restaurants were specifically required to provide for the removal of their garbage. These cities were: Chicago, 111. Boston, Mass. Buffalo, N. Y. Cincinnati, Ohio. Milwaukee, Wis. Minneapolis, Minn. Los Angeles, Cal. Denver, Colo. Columbus, Ohio. Worcester, Mass. Paterson, N. J. Richmond, Va. Nashville, Tenn. Lowell, Mass. Salt Lake City, Utah. Troy, N. Y. Manchester, N. H. Fort Wayne, Ind. Portland, Me. South Bend, Ind. Salem, Mass. Wheeling, W. Va. Butte, Mont. Joliet, 111. In Mumeapohs, Denver, Columbus, and Salem the requirement of collection by hotel and restaurant keepers extended to the entire city; for three cities, the section of city in which collected was not reported, and in the others the collection was in the business section only. Regulations of private collection. — In nearly all cities where the collection of garbage was under private arrangement of the householder, the collection was made under the supervision and control of the board of health. The regulations governing the collection are in some cities embodied in rules laid down by the board of health; in other cities they are embodied in city ordinances. Regulations as to the kind of wagons to be used in the collection were reported for 17 cities, as follows: Boston, Mass. San Francisco, Cal. Newark, N. J. Los Angeles, Cal. Providence, B. I. Portland, Oreg. Columbus, Ohio. Syracuse, N. Y. Paterson, N.J. Oakland, Cal. Cambridge, Mass. Hartford, Conn. Springfield, Mass. Tacoma, Wash. Altoona, Pa. Springfield, Ohio. Sacramento, Cal. In the following cities there were limitations as to the time of day or days in the week when collections were to be made: Chicago, 111. St. Louis, Mo. Los Angeles, Cal. Portland, Oreg. Houston, Tex. Binghamton, N. Y. 48 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. In the following cities there were regulations which required the removal of garbage a certain number of times per week. Chicago, 111. Omaha, Nebr. Troy, N. Y. Johnstown, Pa. Binghamton, N. Y. Sioux City, Iowa. In the following cities hcenses were required for those making collections : New York, N. Y. Minneapolis, Minn. Seattle, Wash. St. Paul, Minn. Lowell, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. Salt Lake City, Utah. Springfield, Mass. Tacoma, Wash. Fort Worth, Tex. Portland, Me. Salem, Mass. Taunton, Mass. Cities with private arrangement for collecting ashes. — The removal of aU ashes was under private arrange- ment of the householders in aU of the 43 cities in which the removal of aU garbage was by the householder, except Camden, N. J., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Saginaw and Bay City, Mich., KnoxvOle, Term., and also in the following 35 cities: St. Louis, Mo. Pittsburgh, Pa. Kansas City, Mo. Providence, R. I. St. Paul, Minn. Denver, Colo. Columbus, Ohio. Toledo, Ohio. Worcester, Mass. New Haven, Conn. Bridgeport, Conn. Reading, Pa. San Antonio, Tex. Dallas, Tex. Youngstown, Ohio. Waterbury, Conn. Evansville, Ind. Portland, Me. Terre Haute, Ind. South Bend, Ind. AUentown, Pa. Pawtucket, R. I. Lancaster, Pa. Atlantic City, N. J. Rockford, 111. New Britain, Conn. Wheeling, W. Va. Dubuque, Iowa. Galveston, Tex. Quincy, 111. Auburn, N. Y. Houston, Tex. Davenport, Iowa. La Crosse, Wis. Fort Wayne, Ind. For 14 cities the reports specifically stated that a portion of the ashes produced were removed by the householders, and it is also probable that in nearly every other city some of the ashes produced were so removed. In Bay City, Mich., all ashes were removed by house- holders except from November 1 to April 1, during which time they were collected by the street-cleaning department. In Wilkes-Barre, Pa., all ashes are re- moved by the householders except a small quantity at the spring clean up. Cities with private arrangements for collecting rub- bish. — The collection of rubbish was by the house- holders in all of the cities in which ashes were collected by the householders except Pittsburgh, Pa., Dallas, Tex., and Saginaw, Mich.; in addition, rubbish had to be disposed of by the householders in Scranton, Pa., and Lowell, Mass. In Chattanooga, Tenn., and Augusta, Ga., householders disposed of a part of their rubbish. Householders of many other cities un- doubtedly disposed of certain classes of rubbish, but the data with reference thereto are incomplete. Cities with private arrangements for collecting waste paper. — In the 12 following cities waste paper was reported as being collected under private arrangement of the householder: Cleveland, Ohio. St. Paul, Minn. Columbus, Ohio. Scranton, Pa. Lowell, Mass. Albany, N. Y. Akron, Ohio. Portland, Me. Binghamton, N. Y. Springfield, Ohio. Rockford, 111. McKeesport, Pa. Cities with private arrangements for collecting butchers' and marlcet wastes. — Butchers' and market wastes form an almost negligible part of the refuse of every city. Most of these wastes, are valuable to rendering plants because of the grease they contain, and it is probable that city-paid scavengers have no opportunity to col- lect them even where they are willing to do so. The markets of many cities have animal and vegetable wastes which the city governments refuse to remove, and in at least 87 of the 158 cities these wastes were removed by the market men. In New York City, meat, fish, and offal are removed free of cost by a contractor with the city. Cities with private arrangements for collecting dead animals. — In 79 cities large or both large and small dead animals were collected free of cost to the city. In 46 of these cities they were collected under private arrangement of the householder, and in 33 by con- tractors with the city. Large dead animals are valua- ble to rendering plants, and cities with such plants located in or near them are either under no expense or very little expense for the removal of this class of refuse. The 46 cities in which large dead animals were collected under private arrangement of the householder are: Cleveland, Ohio. Buffalo, N. Y. Seattle, Wash. Columbus, Ohio. New Haven, Conn. Scranton, Pa. Paters on, N.J. Richmond, Va. Grand Rapids, Mich. Des Moines, Iowa. Duluth, Minn. Somerville, Mass. Akron, Ohio. Forth Worth, Tex. Erie, Pa. Portland, Me. Terre Haute, Ind. Johnstown, Pa. Oklahoma City, Okla. South Bend, Ind. Altoona, Pa. Pawtucket, R. I. Canton, Ohio. Wichita, Kans. Springfield, 111. Sioux City, Iowa. Little Rock, Ark. Atlantic City, N.J. Bay City, Mich. Rockford, 111. Chattanooga, Tenn. Topeka, Kans. Pueblo, Colo. Davenport, Iowa. Superior, Wis. Newton, Mass. Dubuque, Iowa. Chester, Pa. Racine, Wis . Quincy. 111. New Castle, Pa. Auburn, N. Y. Oshkosh, Wis. La Crosse, Wis. Newport, Ky. South Omaha, Nebr. REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. 49 REDUCTION PLANTS. Number of plants and their worJc. — ^A total of 94 re- duction plants was reported by 79 cities. Of these, 92 were owned by private parties and 2 by cities. A total of 33,443 tons of dead animals and 2,346,692 cubic yards of garbage were reported as reduced in privately-owned reduction works, including 17,661 tons of dead animals reduced separately, 690,390 cubic yards of garbage and 15,782 tons of dead animals reduced together; and 1,656,302 cubic yards of garbage reduced separately. A total of 71,344 cubic yards of garbage and 65 tons of dead animals were reported as reduced in plants owned or operated by the city. These figures are approximate, siace many were based upon estimates, and no report whatever was obtain- able for Columbus, Ohio; Lowell, Mass.; Peoria and East St. Louis, 111.; and Salem and Fitchburg, Mass. The following 10 cities each reported more than one reduction plant: St. Louis, Mo., reported 4, 3 for garbage and 1 for dead animals; New York, N. Y., and Newark, N. J., 3 each, 2 being for gar- bage and 1 for dead animals; Pittsburgh, Pa., 2, both beiag used for the reduction of both garbage and dead animals; and Washington, D. C, Rochester, N. Y., Dayton, Ohio, Boston, Mass., Providence, R. I., and Lowell, Mass., 2 each, 1 for garbage and 1 for dead animals. Reduction plants operated hy private parties. — The quantity of garbage and of dead animals reduced during the year 1909 in private reduction works for which a report was obtained, together with the daily capacity of the works, are given in the table which follows. [Note. — Quantities in italics are estimates.] Citjr num- ber. Total. New York, N. Y. Chicago, 111 Philadelpliia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md - . . Pittsburgh, Pa. - , Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y.... Cincinnati, Ohio . Newark, N. J New Orleans, I/a. . . Washington, D. C. . Minneapolis, Minn. Los Angeles, Cal . . . Jersey City, N. J.. Kansas City, Mo . . Indianapolis, Ind . Louisville, Ky--- Providence, E. I . Eochester, N. Y. St. Paul, Minn... Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass . Syracuse, N. Y.. Paterson, N. J... Fall Elver, Mass. Memphis, Tenn.. Eichmond, Va... Oakland, Cal Nashville, Tenn.. Cambridge, Mass . . Dayton, Ohio Albany, N.Y Bridgeport, Conn. EEDUCTION WOKKS OF C0NTBACT0E3. Daily capacity (cubic yards). 53,300 41,400 1,200 2,500 525 0) 576 640 640 300 400 SS 10 217 200 55 0) Tons of dead ani- mals re- duced during 1909. 33,443 10,733 3,187 84 2,690 2,100 67 1,414 1,200 505 800 402 110 471 1,387 W 360 210 600 SOO 107 107 4 SOO 275 SS 7 219 HO 156 Cubic yards of garbage reduced during 1909. 2,346,692 577,228 186,536 651,360 2,230 92,151 152,608 136, 004 60,260 50,564 53,694 38,706 72,110 48,000 23,264 14,400 15,891 15,625 City num- ber. 51 54 58 69 60 62 63 66 71 72 74 76 83 87 91 93 94 98 105 114 115 116 117 118 123 124 128 131 134 137 138 139 144 149 152 154 Eeading, Pa New Bedford, Mass. Lyim, Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass. . . Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo Tacoma, Wash Kansas City, Kans. Utica,N.Y Elizabeth, N.J... Hoboken, N. J Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Harrisburg, Pa. . . Terre Haute, Ind . Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass... Bayonne, N. J Pawtucket, E. I.. Springfield, Ohio. Atlantic City, N. J. Bay City, Mich Eocktord, ni York, Pa Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass. . . Davenport, Iowa. Augusta, Ga Dubuque, Iowa... Kalamazoo, Mich. Montgomery, Ala. Woousocket, E. I. Qulncy, HI West Hoboken, N. J. Everett, Mass Chelsea, Mass ' Not reported. REDUCTION WOKKS Ot CONTEACTOES. Daily capacity (cubic yards). 300 (') n 113 2,400 3 10 Tons of dead ani- mals re- duced during 1909. Cubic yards of garbage reduced during 1909. 181 126 (') 180 me 187 162 488 275 IBS 78 72 136 40 102 BO » 43 iO 10 18 70 200 87 68 45 120 63 SOO 64 21 83 14,048 11,411 9,288 14,085 16,500 22,400 12,000 Reduction plants operated ly (he city. — Only two cities — Cleveland, Ohio, and Milwaukee, Wis.— own and operate reduction plants. Wilmiagton, Del., owns a reduction plant, but it is operated by a contractor. The plant at Cleveland, with a daily capacity of 280 92775°— 13 i cubic yards, reduced 71,344 cubic yards of garbage and 44 tons of dead animals. The plant at Milwaukee, which is used for the reduction of dead animals only, and for which the daUy capacity was not reported, reduced 21 tons of dead animals during the year. 50 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. INCINERATION PLANTS. General statistics. — Plants for the incineration of refuse were reported by 48 cities. In 43 cities the plants were owned by the city, and by private parties in 5 cities; they were operated by city employees in 41 and by private parties in 7 cities. The total quan- tity of refuse incinerated was 1,335,796 cubic yards, of which 1,227,909 cubic yards (consisting of 457,645 cubic yards of rubbish, 505,738 cubic yards of garbage, and 264,526 cubic yards of refuse collected under the combined system) were incinerated in plants owned by cities, and 107,887 cubic yards (consisting of 77,620 cubic yards of rubbish and 30,267 cubic yards of gar- bage) in plants owned or operated by private parties. In addition to this, 3,918 tons of dead animals were reported as incinerated, of which 2,464 tons were incin- erated in plants owned by the city, 1,454 tons in plants owned or operated by private parties, and 240 tons in the open air. Details concerning the daily capacity of the incin- eration plants of the several cities, together with the quantity of refuse treated in 1909, are given in the table which follows. The cities in which the plants were operated or owned and operated by private parties are indicated by footnotes. In all cities not thus indicated the incineration plants were owned and operated by the city. [Note.— Quantities in italics are estimates.] City num- ber. Daily QUANTITIES incinekated: 1909 capacity of City incinerar Garbage Eubbish Dead ber. tion (cubic (cubic animals plants. yards). yards). (tons). 7,849 527,857 536,265 3,805 67 68 69 1570 23,600 118,478 (?) 800 77,620 /2', 70 700 (2) •':• 73 200 61,928 (2) 98 78 600 36,807 Iv 2 81 100 48,667 (2) 88 83 88 253 {") 33,381 P) (?) « (2) 1,380 91 40 16,241 (2) 276 95 400 (2) « 96 175 8,155 36.364 3 99 <100 28,780 32 100 104 <100 9,769 53,895 41 107 85 3,957 36,500 10 111 40 '2,601 {') 120 600 23,435 (4 100 27,280 6,975 (.4 473 122 100 20,552 2 126 129 125 576 ?} 20 130 110 16,425 ^^1 « 364 133 20 8,488 366 135 (^ 9,480 « 146 256 1,083 (?) 147 175 26,100 146 150 Daily capacity of incinera- tion plants. QUANTITIES INCINERATED: 1909 Garbage (cubic yards). Bubbish (cubic yards). Dead animal^ (tons). Total. New York, N.Y Boston, Mass.^ Buffalo, N.Y Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Los Angeles, Cal Seattle, Wash Denver, Colo.' Portland, Greg Atlanta, Ga Scranton, Pa Memphis, Tenn Richmond, Va Grand Kapids, Mich. Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass Spokane, Wash Trenton, N.J Youngstown, Ohio.. Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex SomerviUe, Mass Waterbury, Conn.' . Evansville, Ind Norfolk, Va Wilkes Barre, Pa.3 . Fort Wayne, Ind... Terre Haute, Ind . . . Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Allentown, Pa Canton, Ohio Lancaster, Pa.' Chattanooga, Term. Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lawrence, Mass Troy, N. Y.3 Yonkers,N. Y Sacramento, Cal. . Salem, Mass McKeesport, Pa. . Wheeling, W. Va. Newton, Mass Butte, Mont New Castle, Pa.» . Macon, Ga Joliet,IU 48 266 150 (?) 125 16 150 60 75 90 30 30 70 24 128 (=) 135 P) 80 60 (') 93 30 m 600 1,102 9,070 « 51, 480 (4 13,836 2,759 10,256 S.iiOO 7,465 (?) 4,9S0 83,040 10,260 21,600 10,300 5,958 5,160 10,527 8,750 5,360 7,200 p5 4,627 > 10,501 (?) 1^ 83,0 t\ P) 7,260 (?) (?) 324 6,266 (4 18,144 (^) 68 13 P) 2 181 74 P) E P)' 66 93 1 Represents total capacity of eight plants; for details see text discussion. » Not reported. » Owned and operated by contractors. < Represents total capacity of two plants. ' Market wastes only. ' Includes rubbish and dead animals. ' Owned by the city, but operated by contractor. « includes dead animals. With the exception of New York, N. Y., Memphis, Tenn., and Richmond, Va., no city owned and oper- ated more than one plant. New York owned 8 plants, of which 5, with a total daily capacity of 200 cubic yards, were located in the Borough of Queens and used for the incineration of garbage and small dead animals; 2, with a total daily capacity of 250 cubic yards, were used for the incineration of rubbish from the Boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, and Brooklyn; and 1, with a daily capacity of 120 cubic, yards, was located in the Borough of Richmond and used for the incineration of garbage, ashes, and rubbish. Refuse incineration plants operated hy city. — The incineration plants operated by cities may be arranged in six classes: Those incinerating (1) rubbish only; (2) rubbish and dead animals; (3) rubbish and garbage; (4) rubbish, garbage, and dead animals; (5) rubbish, garbage, and ashes; and (6) garbage only. The plants incinerating rubbish only were operated by 4 cities: New York, N. Y.; Cambridge, Mass.; SomerviUe, Mass. ; and Buffalo, N. Y. Salt Lake City, Utah, was the only city incinerating rubbish and dead animals. New York, N. Y., was the only city incinerating rubbish and garbage, the plant for this purpose being one of eight operated by the city. It is located in the Borough of Queens. The foUo-wing five cities incinerated rubbish, gar- bage, and refuse collected together under the combined system in the following quantities: At- lanta, Ga., 146,000 cubic yards; Seattle, Wash., 56,160 cubic yards; Sacramento, Cal., 26,563 cubic yards; Borough of Richmond, New York, N. Y., 20,833 cubic yards; and Macon, Ga., 14,970 cubic yafds. Total for five cities, 264,526 cubic yards. Terre Haute, Ind., and Allentown, Pa., maintained incineration plants for treating garbage only. Chatta- nooga, Tenn., and Butte, Mont., maintained small plants for incinerating dead animals only, in the latter city was an improved one. The plant REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. HORSES EMPLOYED BY CITY IN ITS REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. 51 Statistics of horses employed. — The number of horses given in the table which follows does not include those employed by the city for the removal of dead animals. Further, the table includes figures for only those cities for which reasonably accurate information was obtained. Of a total of 6,764 horses employed by the 78 cities iQcluded in the table, 2,553, or 37.7 per cent, were hired by the city, either together with teamsters who owned them or separately. An examination of the table discloses a greater relative proportion of horses hired by the larger than by the smaller cities in this particular branch of city service. Some cities, hke Chicago, 111.; Milwaukee, Wis.; New Orleans, La.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Los Angeles, Cal.; Rochester, N. Y.; and St. Paul, Minn., hired all horses used in the service, while other cities hired none. Where horses are hired, the prevailing practice is to hire them with the teamsters, and very frequently, also, with the wagon or carts — that is, as a complete outfit. But a small proportion of the horses here tabulated were worked in teams, the larger number being used with single carts. This is indicated by the fact that the 6,764 horses were employed to draw 5,974 wagons or carts. NUMBER OF HORSES EMPLOYED IN REFUSE DISPOSAL SERVICE OF CITIES: 1909. City num- ber. 12 13 15 17 18 22 25 26 29 30 31 32 33 35 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 49 52 63 54 55 56 67 68 60 62 64 78 cities. New York N.Y... Chicago, HI St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich Cincinnati, Ohio . . . Milwaukee, Wis New Orleans, La . . . Minneapolis, Minn.. l/os Angdes, Cal LouiSTille, Ky Rochester, N.Y St. Paul, Minn Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N.Y Scranton, Pa Fall River, Mass Memphis, Tenn Richmond, Va Grand Rapids, Mich.. Nashville, Tenn LoweU, Mass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio Spokane, Wash Trenton, N.J San Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass... Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lynn, Mass Springfield, Mass Lawrence, Mass Troy,N.Y NUMBER OF HOESES OWNED AND HIRED BY CTTT. Total. ,910 ,164 226 293 181 214 65 140 232 120 60 68 112 126 50 49 40 42 183 60 38 16 67 Owned. Hired. 1,812 226 293 181 118 10 49 40 42 183 1,164 65 232 120 60 68 102 126 50 50 38 City num- ber. 65 100 103 114 120 123 124 125 126 128 131 135 138 140 141 145 147 151 152 156 167 Yonkers, N. Y Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Evansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala Norfolk, Va Wilkes-Barre, Pa Savannah, Ga Charleston, S. C Portland, Me East St. Louis, Dl Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass JacIiBonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla Bayonne, N. J Covington, Ky South Bend, iid Mobile, Ala Springfield, Ohio Chattanooga, Tenn. . . Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass ._. Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass Davenport, Iowa Augusta, Ga Butte, Mont Montgomery, Ala Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass Knoxville, Tenn Macon, Ga Taunton, Ma^ Everett, Mass La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky EXPENSES OF REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. NUMBER OF HORSES OWNED AND HIBED BY CITY. Total. Owned. Hired. 16 16 16 12 14 '26 15 Source of financial data.— The payments for the ex- penses of the refuse-disposal service of 120 cities shown in Table 12 are taken unchanged from the census report of financial statistics of cities having a popula- tion of 30,000 and over for 1909, except that in the case of a few cities the cost of collecting and disposing of dead animals has been deducted. The amounts so deducted are similarly shown in a text table on page 52. Average costs of refuse-disposal service. — The average payments for the refuse-disposal service per 1,000 in- habitants and per 1,000 cubic yards of refuse collected, sorted, and disposed of, given in the last two columns of the table, show great variations for individual cities, and smaller variations for the groups of cities arranged according to population. Those averages are smallest in the groups of cities having the least population, and are largest in the groups of cities with the largest popu- lation, rising from the lowest in an irregular series. The average cost of collecting, sorting, and disposing of refuse per 1,000 inhabitants served and per 1,000 cubic yards collected depends, as does the average quantity per 1,000 inhabitants, upon many factors. 52 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. One of these is the proportion which the refuse handled by the city is of the entire quantity produced, as has been explained on page 39. Another element producing differences in the average cost per 1,000 inhabitants, as well as in the reported average quantity of refuse collected per employee of city or contractors, is the relative proportion of the different classes of refuse collected, sorted, and dis- posed of. The collection and disposal of garbage re- quires a much larger expenditure per unit of service than that for collecting other refuse. This higher aver- age cost of coUectinggarbageis shown by the following table, based on the experience of 17 cities for which were reported the quantities of garbage and other refuse -Collected, and the costs of collection in each case: City num- ber. 124 126 133 136 151 152 154 Total Cleveland, Ohio Milwaukee, Wis Indianapolis, Ind. . Cambridge, Mass . . . Hartford, Conn New Bedford, Mass Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del . . . Springfield, Mass . . . Holyoke, Mass Haverhill, Mass Salem, Mass Newton, Mass Chester, Pa Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Chelsea, Mass QUANTITIES (CUBIC YAKDS) COLLECTED. Garbage. 345, 437 71,344 82,744 48,000 26,330 34,375 11,411 12,091 2,806 9,179 5,251 6,060 8,013 1,500 4,882 3,674 Ashes and rubbish. 1,194,038 215,420 217,000 110,910 122,901 83,700 84,240 76,228 62,000 39,839 41,600 30,000 19, 017 60,468 6,600 7,600 15,075 11,640 PAYMENTS FOE SEKV- ICE3 IN COLLECTING AND DISPOSING OF— S659,6S6 193,069 139,790 62,632 39,769 13,555 25,500 22,822 18,864 18,747 1,676 2,926 12,131 6,533 3,700 1,728 2,736 3,379 Ashes and rubbish. $553,388 119,981 160,737 34,985 40, 162 21,230 24,268 27,929 14,234 36,815 24,988 8,894 4,250 16,320 4,200 2,776 6,338 6,291 The average cost of collecting and disposing of a cubic yard of garbage in the 17 cities was $1.62, while that for collecting, sorting, and disposing of a cubic yard of ashes and rubbish was only $0.46. It can be seen, therefore, that no consideration of the average cost of refuse-collection service per 10,000 cubic yards removed, or 1,000 inhabitants, has any significance unless consideration is taken of the relative quantities of refuse removed. Another factor affecting the average payments shown in the last two columns of the table, but not affecting the other averages of the table, is the varying distances that the refuse is hauled in the different cities. As a general thing this distance increases with the size of the city, but to this general rule there are a number of marked exceptions, one being Jersey City, N. J., in which the short haul required for disposing of the ashes so lessened the number of persons employed and the cost of the service as to measurably affect the averages of the group of cities in which Jersey City is included. Cost of removing dead animals. — ^As far as it was pos- sible to ascertain the payments made for the removal of dead animals, such payments have been excluded from the total cost reported for refuse disposal and are given in the following statement: City num- ber. 103 124 135 152 Los Angeles, Cal Denver, Colo St. Paul, Minn Dayton, Ohio Salt Lake City, Utah. Somerville, Mass Fort Wayne, Ind Charleston, S. C Bayonne, N. J Mobile, Ala Haverhill, Mass Butte, Mont Everett, Mass Payments for removal of dead animals. S2,761 900 3,112 1,800 230 104 684 120 167 58 168 15 124 EEVENUES FROM REFUSE DISPOSAL. Cities obtaining revenues from refuse disposal. — Each of the following cities received revenues in excess of $1,000 by the disposal of household refuse: City num- ber. CITY. Amount. City num- ber. CITY. Amount. 7 Cleveland, Ohio New York, N.Y Buffalo, N. Y $163,849 64, 450 31,265 29,157 13,101 9,406 8,759 8,731 7,499 44 60 26 14 126 18 123 151 42 S5,671 4,165 3,445 2,975 2,039 1 10 Springfield, Mass St. Paul, Minn Newark N.J 31 45 Worcester, Mass Cambridge, Mass Brockton, Mass Portland, Me 94 90 Los Angeles, Cal 2,000 1,860 1 684 70 Somervilie, Mass Taunton, Mass 58 Grand Rapids, Mich... 1,103 From the operation of its garbage-disposal plant Cleveland, Ohio, received $107,295 from sales of grease, $32,639 from sales of fertilizer, and $10,521 from sales of ashes and rubbish. From the sales of garbage Somerville, Mass., received $8,731; Lynn, Mass., $7,017; Springfield, Mass., $4,133; Brockton, Mass., $3,882; and St. Paul, Minn., $3,445. From sales of pigs Brockton, Mass., received $5,379 . Most of the revenues reported by other Massachusetts cities came from sales of garbage. The revenue reported by Buffalo, N. Y., was derived from sales of rubbish. The following 13 cities in addition to the five men- tioned in the preceding paragraph reported revenue receipts from sales of garbage : Cleveland, Ohio. Worcester, Mass. Lowell, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. Lawrence, Mass. Evansville, Ind. Savannah, Ga. Portland, Me. Johnstown, Pa. Maiden, Mass. Salem, Mass. McKeesport, Pa. Taunton, Mass. The following 11 cities received revenue from sales of waste paper: Cleveland, Ohio. Lawrence, Mass. Cincinnati, Ohio. Somerville, Mass. Richmond, Va. Norfolk, Va. Lowell, Mass. Oklahoma City, Okla. Hartford, Conn. Salem, Mass. Lynn, Mass. REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. 53 Revenue from ashes was received by the following 6 cities : Boston, Mass. Grand Rapids, Mich. Lynn, Mass. Evansville, Ind. Norfolk, Va. Haverhill, Mass. Revenue from rabbish was received by New York, N. Y.; Cleveland, Ohio; Buffalo, N. Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Cambridge, Mass.; and Spokane, "Wash. Wheeling, W. Va., and Macon, Ga., received rev- enue from sales of hides and scrap iron; New York City, from sales of meat, fish, and offal; and Boston, Mass., from market wastes. For the privilege of removing dead animals, Chicago, 111., received $25; Newark, N. J., $2,975; Los Angeles, Cal., $2,000; Pawtucket, R. I., $300; and Toledo, Ohio, $1.50 for each large animal removed. Other cities receiving revenue from the disposal of dead animals were New York, N. Y.; St. Paul, Minn. ($1,210); Portland, Oreg.; Spokane, Wash.; Savannah, Ga.; McKeesport, Pa.; and Augusta, Ga. ($306). Several cities derive revenue in an indirect way from refuse disposal, but the information ehcited by the Census schedules on this subject is only frag- mentary. The heat generated by the burning of rubbish in Buffalo, N. Y., was utilized in the operation of a sewage pumping station, and that generated by the incineration of garbage in Minneapolis, Minn., was used for heating and lighting the city workhouse and tuberculosis hospital. Part III.— STREET-CLEANING SERVICE. DEFINITIONS, METHODS, AND NECESSITY OF SERVICE. Definitions. — The term street-cleaning service is used in this report as the generic designation of that branch of municipal service that comprises (1) the regular and occasional remoTal from the surface of streets and alleys of vegetable, animal, and mineral sub- stances that have accumulated in such streets and alleys in connection with their use as highways; (2) the disposal of the substances thus removed; (3) the removal from the paved streets and sidewalks of the snow and ice that has fallen or formed thereupon, together with the disposal of such snow and ice; and (4) the administration of the several classes of opera- tions above mentioned. The operations described above by the four numbered phrases are referred to ia this report as street cleaning, disposal of street cleanings, snow and ice removal and disposal, and administration of the street-cleaning service, respectively. Street cleaning comprises all regular and occasional cleaning of streets and alleys by sweeping, raking, flushing, or washing. It includes the sprinkhng of streets and alleys with water to lay the dust prelimi- nary to their being swept or washed, but includes no other sprinkling with water or other substances, all other sprinkling being included as part of the dust prevention of the street and general highway service. It includes the raking and sweeping of streets and alleys to remove refuse that has fallen upon them, but not the removal from streets and alleys of ashes and other refuse that has been deposited there by house- holders, nor the raking of back and vacant lots to remove therefrom the refuse that has there been accu- mulated, such work being part of the refuse-disposal service. Necessity for street cleaning. — Street refuse, if unre- moved, injuriously affects pavements. In times of rain it becomes very disagreeable to travelers, and when dry and reduced to dust by street travel, it is readily blown about by the wind and enters stores and residences with injurious effects. In addition, the street dust contains disease germs and is a potential cause of the diseases of the nasal passages, throat, and lungs. Moreover, the animal matter deposited in the streets, by becoming a breeding place for flies, may, if unremoved, assist in spreading typhoid fever. Street cleaning thus relates itself to public cleanliness and pubUc health as does refuse disposal; and hence in a functional classification of municipal services must be treated as a part of the division of health conservation (54) or sanitation, although, as has been pointed out on page 16 of the Introduction, the street-cleaning service is under the same administration as the highways in 137 of the 158 cities covered by this report. The menace of street dust to pubUc health is clearly brought out in the 1911 report of the comimissioner of street improvement in the city of Cambridge, Mass., in the following language: The relation of street dust to public health is of great importance. Upon a moment's reflection it will be evident that otir streeta are receptacles for vast numbers of organisms of various kinds. Under proper conditions many of these may cause disease. The tubercle bacillus contained in the sputum of persons suffering from tuber- culosis frequently reaches the streets and is undoubtedly present in much of the accumulation of street filth. "While there is little, if any, direct evidence that specific cases of disease have been caused by street dust, it is quite generally recognized that throat and other troubles follow periods during which dust is prevalent. Dr. E. W. Hope ^ has compiled statistics with a view to presenting circumstantial evidence that street dust has caused infantile diar- rhea. He attempts to show a relation between rainfall and mor- tality from this disease. The statistics are given in the following tabulation: PERIOD. Average rainfall, June to Septem- ber, in inches. Conditions. Aimual average of deaths from di- arrhea during third quarter of year. 13.8 10.9 16.0 7.7 14 years 573 Extreme years— 1891 Wettp.'it snTTiTTipr 203 1895 In Science ^ Dr. Sedgwick records that "10 liters of air taken 5 feet above the surface of a macadamized street in a dust storm con- tains as many as 200,000 microorganisms." Such statistics and research throw much light upon the possibility of a direct connec- tion between dust and disease. It is not necessary in this report to go into great detail in this matter. It is, however, important in any report upon the improvement of city streets to point out the dangers of the dust nuisance. Much can be done to prevent dust by a proper and thorough cleaning of the streets. Another impor- tant method of dust prevention is the application of oil to the street surfaces. This is a recent practice, but it has already demonstrated its value. Every effort should be made to reduce the danger from street dust to the minimum, both by so constructing streets that the least amount of dust will arise from them and by adopting the most approved methods of street cleaning and dust lajdng. Disposal of street cleanings. — ^The disposal of the street refuse removed by street cleaning is to be differ- ' Harrington's Practical Hygiene. ' January 6, 1911. STREET-CLEANING SERVICE. 55 eutiated as fully as practicable from that of the work of street cleaning proper. The Une of demarcation is substantially that described for the differentiation of the disposal of household refuse from the collection of refuse as stated on page 37. If street cleanings are hauled away by the pick-up teams and dumped upon land, the services of the teams and teamsters should be included as part of the work of street cleaning, and the only expense for disposal will be that of the serv- ices of men at the dumps for leveling off the land, etc. In case the street cleanings after being hauled to a dump are transported by rail or boat to a place of final disposal, the cost of disposal should include the expenses above mentioned, together with the costs of transportation and all expenses incidental to such transportation to the place of final disposal. Methods of street cleaning. — In the cleaning of streets and alleys American cities make use of the following different methods or processes: (1) Hand sweeping, (2) horse or motor sweeping, (3) flushing or washing, and (4) gutter cleaning. Under (1) are included all sweeping or cleaning of streets with hand brooms, small pick-up machines, and other apparatus operated by human labor. Under (2) is included all cleaning by horse or motor-driven apparatus for sweeping the streets, whether combined with pick-up devices or not. Under (3) is included all cleaning of streets by the use of water, by machine flushing, by hose flushing, or by washing with what are called "squeegees" or other devices. Under (4) is included the cleaning of gutters of unpaved streets when such cleaning is not associ- ated with any sweeping, scraping, or other cleaning of the general street surface. The work of gathering up street cleanings from the gutters after the processes mentioned in (1), (2), and (3) is in reahty a part of the work of cleaning streets by those methods and should be so treated in the accounts and records. If, however, any city desires to keep separate accounts and make separate reports of the cost of this pick-up service, it should differen- tiate it so as to show the amount and cost of such service for each class of street cleaning, and also the quantity of cleanings removed. Snow and ice removal. — ^The purpose of snow and ice removal is somewhat dififerent from that of street cleaning. Snow and ice are removed to make streets passable for pedestrians and to facilitate traffic, and hence the work of removing them is a part of the highway service and not of the service for promotion of cleanliness. That work is, however, tisually under the supervision of the street-cleaning department and is performed in large part by street-cleaning employees. This is especially the case where a street- cleaning service is maintained throughout the year. Under these circumstances it has been impossible in all cases to secure statistics of snow and ice removal, all costs of the service being included with that for street cleaning in the accounts of many cities. ACCOUNTS, RECORDS, AND REPORTS OF STREET-CLEANING SERVICE. Uniform accounts and reports of street-cleaning service. — ^The general requisites for a successful scheme of uniform accounts and reports for all de- partments of governmental service are set forth in the introduction to this report. On pages 14 and 15 definitions are presented of such standard terms as expenses and outlays, and a scheme of accounts is given in which each account is assigned a descriptive name and a number which shows its relations to all the other accounts and to the system as a whole. The text of Part V of this report, dealing with high- ways, presents on page 63 a brief list of summary and general accounts for the general highway service arranged in harmony with the scheme of accounts just referred to, and includes a division of accounts specifically arranged for the street-cleaning service. The scheme of accounts is thus arranged because the street-cleaning service is under a common adminis- tration with the highway service in 137 of the 158 cities covered by this report. In this connection it should be noted, however, that if the street-cleaning service is under the supervision of some division of the municipal administration other than the highway department, the accoimts relating to it should be adjusted to the other accounts of the department substantially as they are arranged with reference to the other accounts of the highway department in the following exhibit of -accounts for the street-cleaning service, and the more complete scheme of accounts of which the same is a part, given on page 63. 3. Cleaning streets : 30. Administration. 31. Hand sweeping. 32. Machine sweeping by horse and motor. 33. Flushing and washing. 34. Cleaning gutters. 35-37. Other cleaning of streets. 38. Disposal of street cleanings. 39. Snow and ice removal and disposal. No specific use is assigned to accounts numbered 35 to 37. Those accounts may be used for recording the costs of any class of street-cleaning work not specifically provided for by the numbered accounts. In addition to keeping the accounts numbered 30 to 39, as above outlined, cities should keep a suffi- cient number of three-digit or subgeneral accounts to show for each of the accounts 31, 32, and 33 the costs of cleaning by different methods each class of streets; that is, one subgeneral account subordinate to ac- count 31 should record the cost of hand sweeping 56 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. asphalt-paved streets, another the cost of hand sweep- ing brick-paved streets, and other accounts the cost of cleaning other classes of streets, either regularly or occasionally by hand or by other methods. Physical or general records.— The physical or general street-cleaning records of cities should follow the same classifications as are employed in the financial records. They should show for each kind of street and alley, classified according to the character of surface, (1) the length in miles and area in square yards subject to regular cleaning; (2) the length in miles and area in square yards that were cleaned one or more times during the year but not subject to regular cleaning every week; (3) the length in miles for which the only cleaning was that of the gutters; (4) the quantity of cleanings collected; (5) quantity of snow and ice removed, stated in tons or cubic yards; (6) area (square rods) of territory from which the snow was removed; and (7) the number of snowfalls for which the service was performed. The area and length of streets thus recorded for street cleaning should be entered under titles "streets regularly cleaned," "streets occasionally cleaned," "streets with gutters only cleaned," and "quantity of cleanings collected" or "snow removed" in tons or cubic yards. With records thus kept it will be easy to report at the close of every fiscal period the aggregate of surface cleaned by each method and the quantity of cleanings for each class of streets, and quantity of snow removed as above set forth, and given under the designation "area of cleaning done," or "square yards of cleaning," and "toils" or "cubic yards of cleanings," and "tons" or "cubic yards of snow removed," etc. In addition to the foregoing general or physical records which are needed to correlate with the financial accounts in order to show the costs of such service per unit of area of street surface cleaned or freed from snow and per unit of cleanings or snow collected, other records are required to give aU the data necessary for a complete understanding of the service. These are detailed records of the equipment, including horses, machines, and other apparatus, the average distance the refuse or snow is hauled, and the number of em- ployees of the various classes in the service. More- over, the general and physical records, as well as those for expenses, should take account of the character of the pavements cleaned or freed from snow; for with- out knowledge of this kind it is impossible to deter- mine the efficiency or economy of the service in differ- ent cities or in different parts of the same city. This may be seen from the fact that New York City in 1907 by experiments demonstrated that granite-block pave- ment was 40 per cent and cobblestone pavement 20 per cent more expensive to clean than sheet asphalt. Another factor of almost equal importance to be con- sidered in connection with street cleaning and, to a lesser extent, with snow removal, is the state of repair of the pavement to be cleaned. The experiments in New York City in 1907 also demonstrated that it cost 20 per cent more to clean a pavement in fair condition and 40 per cent more to clean one in poor condition, than to clean one in a good state of repair. The rec- ords of street cleaning properly kept take on under these circumstances an additional importance from their relation to the general highway service. The figures quoted show that the costs of street cleaning must be taken into account in considering the fre- quency with which streets should be repaired and resurfaced; for without statistics from the street- cleaning service as to the cost of cleaning streets in different states of repair, the persons in charge of the general highway service lack important data for the proper guidance of their labors. Another class of data with reference to street clean- ing which should be provided by the general or phys- ical records of cities is that which shows the proportion of the area cleaned in the business section of the city to that in the residence section. The former area is always more expensive to clean than the latter, and without taking this fact into consideration no just comparison of street-cleaning expenses can be made between different cities. Information is also desirable as to the area in square yards of streets cleaned per day or per week by more than one method, and thus the extent of the area so cleaned that is contained in the total. To aid in interpreting records and state- ments of costs per unit of work or of service, city rec- ords should set forth the kind or type of machine used in cleaning each kind of pavement, the method of using each class of machine, the number of miles of street car tracks on streets, and should state whether the street cleaning requires preliminary sprinkling. Accurate records should also be kept of the number of men and of horses employed in street cleaning and snow and ice removal, and the aggregate number of days' service by each. Records of contract street cleaning. — Measures should be taken to secure and publish statistics of street clean- ing and snow and ice removal by contract such as are here outlined for the services when performed by city employees. In this manner the information would be secured for ascertaining the relative economy of street cleaning and snow and ice removal by city employees and by contractors. STREET-CLEANING SERVICE. 57 STATISTICS OF STREET-CLEANING SERVICE. Contents of general tahles. — Table 13 presents a gen- eral sununary of the street-cleaning service in the 158 cities covered by this report, and Tables 14, 15, and 16 present a number of additional details of the service. Imperfections of statistics. — These tables are far from containing aU of the details requisite for a comprehen- sive study of the street-cleaning service in the various cities. They show, hovsrever, the area subject to clean- ing, the average number of employees engaged, the quantity of sweepings removed, and the cost of clean- ing. Much of the data on the area regularly and occa- sionally cleaned is inaccurate. Probably in no other department of municipal administration are physical records so imperfect as ia that of street cleaning. Comparatively few cities have accurate records of the area subject to the different methods of cleaning, the hours or days of service devoted to the areas cleaned by the different methods, or the quantity of street sweepings and snow and ice removed, and even fewer have ever made computations to determine the cost of cleaning per unit of service rendered, such as the cost of cleaning per square yard or per million yards of surface. Moreover, it was impossible in many cases for census agents to obtain correct information on the number of times streets were actually cleaned during the year. Apparently there was no regular schedule in many cities, and the frequency of cleaning depended upon a variety of circumstances. This was especially the case with respect to cleaning by flushing, the fre- quency of which depended to a large extent upon weather conditions. Highway areas cleaned. — In each of the 158 cities covered by Table 13 there was a certain area that was subject to a regular schedule of cleaning, and in the great majority of cities a part of the highway area was cleaned at least once a week. In general, the only streets and alleys thus regularly cleaned were those whose surface was paved with hard materials, such as granite, Belgian blocks, brick, asphalt, or tar-bound macadam. In a limited number of cities, however, streets with oil or water-bound macadam or similar pavements were also reported as being regularly cleaned. The relation of the area of streets and alleys with paved surfaces to the total area of such streets regularly cleaned is shovra in the first two columns of Table 13, and the percentage of the total paved sur- face subject to regular cleaning in the third column. The table, in addition to giving the total area of streets and alleys regularly cleaned, gives the area cleaned by each of the methods or combination of methods employed. It also gives the total mileage subject to occasional but irregular cleaning. Areas regularly cleaned. — Included in the areas swept by hand are areas cleaned by street sweepers, whether operating hand-cleaning machines or broom and shovel. In many citfes areas subject to hand cleaning by day were by night swept by machines drawn by horses, or other power, or flushed, and in a few cases they were swept and also occasionally flushed. In the table which follows is shown the area in square yards of highways subject to regular cleaning by each of the methods employed, as reported by the Bureau of the Census in 1909 and 1907. A consider- able area was cleaned by more than one method, as by sweeping by both hand and machine and by both sweeping and flushing. WTien this is the case the total area is shown for each of the methods employed, thus giving rise to some duplication in figures. The extent of the duplication in 1909 was 46,150,305 square yards, or 26.8 per cent of the total area subject to regular cleaning. Similar duplications were in- cluded in the 1907 report, but the amount thereof was not ascertained. SQUAEE YAEDS OF HIGHWAYS KEGUIAELT CLEANED. Swept by hand. Swept by machjne. Flxislied. 1909 98,952,772 96,608,689 86,256,698 77,841,572 33,372,653 32,899,840 1907. . 2,344,083 8,415,026 472,813 Changes in the character of service. — The above ex- hibit indicates that there was a considerable increase in the total highway area subject to regular cleaning during the intervening years; that practically three- fourths of the increase was in the area swept by ma- chine; and that the increase in the area cleaned by flushing was very small. Percentage of area swept. — Of the total areas of highways subject to regular cleaning, 90.5 per cent was swept either by hand or machine, or both by hand and machine, or was cleaned both by sweeping and flushing; and the remainder, or 9.5 per cent, was cleaned by flushing or washing only. Of the total area subject to regular cleaning, 9.9 per cent was swept and also flushed or washed. Stating the area flushed on the same basis as that of the area swept, we find that 90.5 per cent of the area subject to regular cleaning was regiilarly swept, and 19.4 per cent was regularly flushed or washed. Areas occasionally cleaned. — A comparison of high- way areas occasionally cleaned in the various cities as given in Table 13 is of little significance or value. This fact becomes apparent when consideration is taken of the widely varying frequency of such cleaning in the different cities, and the fact that aU highways cleaned less thaji once a week for 40 weeks during the year were tabulated as occasionally cleaned, although such arbitrary classification can show no distinction be- tween those cleaned 39 times during the year and 58 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. those cleaned on what are called monthly cleaning days or only at the spring and fall general cleanings. No very great progress can be made in compiling street-cleaning statistics until this infrequent and irregular cleaning is dijBferentiated from the more thorough occasional sweeping of cities such as those referred to above in the same manner as the occasional cleaning is distinguished in the tables from the regular cleaning of streets one or more times per week. For the proper understanding of the tables, atten- tion should be called to another class of street cleaning which is included in Table 13 in statistics of mileage of highways occasionally cleaned. It is the mileage of improved streets and oil and water-bound macadam or gravel streets that are occasionally raked for leaves, paper, and other rubbish that accumulate on high- ways. This raking is a class of street cleaning, but it is so distinct from the other class of street cleaning that its statistics should be given separately; and until the records are so kept that this is possible, cer- taia figures of the street-cleaning service will continue as they are ibt present — of little value for purposes of comparison. In the scheme of uniform accounts outlined by the Bureau of the Census for the street- cleaning service, special provision has been made for recording the class of street cleaning last mentioned, and also the amount of service performed in aU occa- sional as well as regular cleaning of streets. Frequency of street cleaning. — ^Table 14 presents for the 158 cities covered by the report statistics of the areas of streets subject to the regular cleaning classi- fied according to the reported frequency of cleaning, and also the method of cleaning, as by hand sweeping, machine sweeping, and flushing. The areas cleaned each week by each of these three methods as given in Table 13 were computed from the data presented in Table 14. Many of the figures given ia Table 14 are estimates, indicated by being printed in italics. These estimates are (some of them, at least) based upon more or less imperfect data, and thus give rise to inac- curacies, not only in Table 14, but also in Table 13. Average number of employees in street cleaning. — Table 15 presents statistics of the average number of employees in the street-cleaning service, classiQed by the occupation or class of work in which they are en- gaged, and also by the subdivision of the street-clean- ing service in which employed, as that of hand sweep- ing, machine sweeping, flushing, hauling, and all other. Statistics of snow and ice removal.— Such, data as were obtained relative to snow and ice removal for cities ia the North and South Atlantic and North Cen- tral divisions of states in the present investigation of the sanitary and highway services are shown ia Table 16. The states within these divisions are arranged accordiag to geographic location and the cities within each state according to size. The costs of this service could not always be segre- gated from the other expenses for street cleaning, and data relating to number of employees and days work were even more incomplete than the financial data. The number of days work reported for some cities was the number of days service by extra employees in times of severe storms; whUe for others the number of days work reported was that by the men engaged in shovel- ing snow. The result is that for several cities the re- ported cost of the service does not correspond with the number of days work reported. Palpable instances of such inconsistencies have been footnoted. Part IV.— DUST-PREVENTION SERVICE. CHARACTER AND IMPORTANCE OF SERVICE. Relation of service to puhlic^ cleanliness and public Jiealth. — ^The term dust^prevention service is applied, in this report, to that branch or subdivision of municipal activities which is organized and conducted for the prevention of street dust. The relation of street dust to public cleanliness and public health has been set forth on page 57 in the text discussion of the street- cleaning service. From the facts there presented it becomes evident that the municipal service of dust prevention is closely related to the municipal func- tional activity of sanitation or the promotion of cleanliness, the same as are the sewer, refuse-disposal, and street-cleaning services. Relation of service to the general highway service. — But notwithstanding this relation, of the dust-prevention service to the three services last mentioned, that serv- ice is treated by the Bureau of the Census as a sub- division of the highway service by reason of its more intimate relation to such service. It bears this rela- tion since all the methods that have been adopted for lessening or eliminating street dust aid in. the preser- vation of the surface of macadamized, gravel, and dirt streets. On such streets the use of dust preventives assists in binding together the particles of stone and dust on the surface of the street and thus improves the character of the highway surface, increases its length of life in use, and lessens other costs for its care and maintenance. The sprinkling of streets with water, which was the first dust preventive employed, had this effect in no small degree, and the use of calcium chloride, oil, and various bituminous com- pounds has shown that these substances are even more efficient as agents for the improvement of the street surface and the lessening of other costs of caring for and maintaining macadamized, gravel, and dirt streets. ACCOUNTS, RECORDS, AND REPORTS. Essentials for good accounts and reports. — ^The financial and physical or general records and reports of the dust-prevention service should set forth sepa- rately the facts relating to each and every class of treatment, as those for water sprinkhng, oil sprinkling, treatment with calcium chloride, asphaltum com- pounds, etc. For each method of treatment the fimancial accounts should give exact statements of expenses, including those for repairs and replacement of equipment. In like manner the general records should show for each method of treatment the area subject to treatment, the number of times treated during the year, and quantity of dust preventive used. To secure a complete statistical statement of the service and thus to furnish all the data for measuring efficiency and economy, the general records must con- tain in addition to that which has just been stated a record of the equipment used,, the number of workmen employed in each capacity, the results of the work done as the same affects the maintenance of the highways, the state of efficiency of the highway service, the effect of the dust-preventive treatment upon the wearing quahties of the highway surface, and all kindred infor- mation. As few, if any, cities keep such records it is impossible at the present time to present statistics of the dust-prevention service having as high a degree of exactness as is desirable. Units of service. — Various mnits of service in the dust-prevention service are employed by the different cities. Among those most frequently employed are treatment of a square yard of surface or of 1 foot of street length; one cart-day worked; or 1,000 gallons of water, oil, or bituminous liquid, or 1,000 pounds of calcium chloride used; or one sprinkling cart or wagon worked one year. Each of these imits is of value in determining some facts relative to the economy and efficiency of the service; but in consequence of differ- ence ia equipment or in conditions surrounding the service some of these units are less valuable than others, and only those are applicable in a given city which relate to the method of dust prevention employed by that city. Of the units mentioned the one most satis- factory is probably a single treatment, by sprinkling or otherwise, of a square yard. Uniform accounts for service. — ^The general require- ments for a successful scheme of uniform accounts for all departments of governmental service have been set forth in the Introduction to this report, and in the same part of this report has been described at length the value of such accounts for comparisons of the economy and efficiency with which the service is ad- ministered in the several cities. In the same part of this report have been presented definitions of such standard terms as expenses and outlays, and there also (59) 60 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. has been presented a scheme of accounts adapted to all departments of municipal service, in which each account is given a descriptive name and a number which shows its relation to all the other accounts and to the system as a whole. In the same part attention has been called to the fact that in only 23 of the 158 cities covered by this report is the administration of the dust-prevention service separated from that of the general highway service or some other department or branch of the service. This general tendency of cities to combine the two services under one adminis- trative head demonstrates that, from an administra- tive point of view, a workable scheme of uniform ac- counts for the dust-prevention service must be such that it can readily be made a part of the scheme of such accounts for the general highway service. With this in miad the scheme which follows is shown on page 63 as an integral part of a more complete scheme for highway accounts. In this connection it should be noted, however, that if the dust-prevention service is under the supervision of some division of the munici- pal administration other than the highway department the accounts relatrag to it should be adjusted to the other accounts of such department substantially as they are arranged with reference to other accounts of the highway department in the following exhibit, and ia the more complete scheme of accounts of which the same is a part, given on page 63. If the dust-preven- tion service is administered as an independent branch of the city government, the accounts should be or- ganized substantially as outlined ia the scheme which follows for this particular branch of service: 4. Prevention of street dust — 40. Administration. 41. Sprinkling with water. 42-49. Sprinkling and treating with oil and other sub- stances, each to be reported separately, and accounts therefor given special numbers and separate names descriptive of the methods. STATISTICS OF DUST-PEEVENTION SEEVICE. Street sprinMing with water. — In Table 17 are shown statistics of the dust-prevention service in those cities in which streets were regularly sprinkled with water at the expense of the city during 1909, exclusive of the sprinkling that was for the purpose of laying dust preliminary to street sweeping. Of the 158 cities covered by this investigation, the streets were sprinkled regularly at the expense of the city in 99 cities. In 56 of these it was by horse-drawn sprinkling carts; in 12, by street-car sprinklers; and in 31, by both horse-drawn sprinkling carts and street- car sprinklers. Of the 87 cities in which sprinkling was done by carts, the sprinkling was done by city em- ployees only in 59 cities, by contractors only in 15 cities, and by both city employees and contractors in 13 cities. The number of employees reported for nearly all cities is exclusive of superintendents and foremen, who are reported for the larger department — usually the street department — under which the street-sprin- kling service was administered. In cities where aU sprinkling reported was by contract, the city em- ployees reported were inspectors of the contract work. Length, and area of streets regularly sprinMed. — Both the length in miles and area in square yards of streets subject to regular sprinkliag are shown in Table 17. The figures as to length, even though in many cases estimates, are more nearly accurate than those relat- ing to area. In fact, the latter figures were often ob- tained by simply multiplying the length sprinkled by an estimated average width of streets. The area thus obtained does not always represent even approxi- mately the actual area sprinkled, since in many cases the application was limited to a portion of the width of the street. The figures for area regularly sprinkled, per em- ployee or per cart, can not be used for measuring the efficiency of the service, owing to the wide variations in the frequency of sprinkling in the dififerent cities. Sprinkling by car sprinMers. — Sprinkling by street- car sprinklers was reported by 43 cities. In some cities the sprinkling by car sprinklers was confined to the area between the car tracks, or to this area and a narrow space outside of the rails. This was the case where the sprinkling was obligatory under the terms of the franchise. In some of these the sprinkling was at the expense of the city, while in others it was entirely or partly at the expense of the street-car com- panies, depending upon the terms of the car company's franchise. In the following cities the entire expense of the sprinkling was apparently borne by the street car companies: Cleveland, Ohio; Pittsburgh, Pa. Newark and Jersey City, N. J.; Louisville, Ky. Paterson, N. J. ; Wilmington, Del. ; Youngstown, Ohio Springfield, 111.; Little Rock, Ark.; Atlantic City, N. J. ; and Chester, Pa. In Seattle, Wash., and Provi- dence, R. I., the sprinkling was at the expense of the city; in Portland, Oreg., the city paid the street-car company $1.15 per hour for each car and crew; in Memphis, Tenn., the car sprinklers were owned by the car company but operated by the city; in Grand Rapids, Mich., the city paid the car company $0.12 per mile for sprinkling; in Lowell, Mass., the city paid $4.75 per month for each car operated, and a further sum of $3 per car per day or portion of a day operated; in Waterbury, Conn., the city paid the wages of the motorman and a laborer on each car; in Sacramento, Cal., the city paid the street railway company a stated amount per month for street-car sprinlding; in Daven- port, Iowa, the city owned the car sprinkler; and in Taunton, Mass., the city paid the cost estimated at a certain rate per linear foot on both sides of the street. For other cities no report was secured as to whether the DUST-PREVENTION SERVICE. 61 city or the street-car company bore the expense of sprinkhng by car sprinklers. Quantity of water used in sprinMing. — Several cities kept a more or less accurate record of the quantity of water used in street sprinkling, and where such records were kept or an estimate could be obtained of the quantity used, the amounts are shown in Table 17. Although untQtentional, the quantity reported for some cities probably includes that used preliminary to sweeping, no segregation having been made. Cost of sprinkling. — Under the cost of sprinkling are given the total pajrments for the sprinkling done, and also the cost per 1,000 population. For a few cities the cost of the sprinkling preliminary to sweeping may be included in the cost reported; but for most cities payments for such sprinkling are included with those for street cleaning. Frequency of sprinkling vnih water. — ^The frequency with which streets are sprinkled with water varies greatly in different cities and in most cities in different sections of the city. The cities which had in 1909 the same frequency of sprinkling in residence and business portions are the following: Two to eight times daily: Milwaukee, Wis. St. Paul, Minn. Nashville, Tenn. Brockton, Mass. Four times daily: Washington, D. G. Lawrence, Mass. Evansville, Ind. Three times daily: Atlantic City, N. J. Haverhill, Mass. Fitchburg, Mass. One to four times daily: Boston, Mass. Memphis, Tenn. Bay City, Mich. One to three times daily: NewYork, N. Y. San Antonio, Tex. Twice daily: Indianapolis, Ind. Denver, Colo. Columbus, Ohio. Fall Kiver, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. Hartford, Conn. Salt Lake City, Utah. Wilmington, Del. Somerville, Mass. Twice daily — Continued. Waterbury, Conn. Schenectady, N. Y. Maiden, Mass. Dubuque, Iowa. Everett, Mass. La Crosse, Wis. Daily: New Orleans, La. Springfield, Mass. Troy, N. Y. Yonkera, N. Y. Savannah, Ga. Butte, Mont. Four to eight times weekly: Oakland, Cal. ■Tohnstown, Pa. Two to six times weekly: Seattle, Wash. One to three times weekly: Los Angeles, Cal. Twice weekly: Worcester, Mass. Paterson, N. J. Bast St. Louis, 111. Salem, Mass. Kalamazoo, Mich. Once weekly: Newark, N. J. Jersey City, N. J. In the following cities the frequency of sprinkling varied between the business and residence sections as follows : Business, four times daily; residence, twice daily: Grand Rapids, Mich. Houston, Tex. Holyofce, Mass. Pueblo, Colo. Business, three or four times daily; residence, once or twice daily: San Francisco, Cal. Dallas, Tex. Birmingham, Ala. Business, three times daily; residence, two or three times daily: Springfield, 111. Chelsea, Mass. Business, twice daily; residence, once daily: Davenport, Iowa. Augusta, Ga. In Minneapolis, Minn., streets were sprinkled from four to eight times daily in the business section, and from two to eight times daily in the residence sections ; in Lowell, Mass., from three to five times daily in the business section, and twice daUy in the residence sections; in Trenton, N. J., five days per week in the business section, but no sprinkling was done by the city in the residence sections; in Elizabeth, N. J., there was no sprinkling in the business section, and but once a day in the residence sections; in Norfolk, Va., streets were sprinkled six times daily in the business section and three or foxir times daily in the residence sections; in Oklahoma City, Okla., five times daily in the btisiness section, but no sprinkling was done in the residence sections; in Sioux City, Iowa, once or twice daily in the business section, and three times a week in the residence sections. Portions of street sprinkled. — In most American cities which sprinkle streets with water, the watering covers the entire width of the street or roadway; and if any part of that width is unsprinkled, it is usually that which lies nearest the gutters or curbs. This practice differs somewhat from that reported for London, England, by Consul General John L. Griffiths in the Daily Consular and Trade Reports for March 12, 1913, in which in referring to the city mentioned he says : In the city proper and in the immediately adjoining boroughs the streets are sprinkled in dry weather. In the suburban districts this watering usually covers the entire width of the road, if of macadam, or stone blocks; but if of asphalt or wood, it is confined to two or three feet near the curb, to avoid rendering the surface slippery and dangerous to traffic. In very hot weather disinfec- tants are mixed with the water. 62 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Special assessmsnts for street sprinTcling with water. — In 35 of the 99 cities in which street sprinkling was carried on as a municipal function, a part or all of the cost of the sprinkling was assessed against the property abutting on the streets sprinkled. The following is a list of these cities: St. Louis, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn. Rochester, N. Y. St. Paul, Minn. Columbus, Ohio. Worcester, Mass. Syracuse, N. Y. Lowell, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. Dayton, Ohio. Bridgeport, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Lynn, Mass. Springfield, Mass. Lawrence, Mass. Duluth, Minn. Somerville, Mass. Waterbury, Conn. Evansville, Ind. Akron, Ohio. Portland, Me. Brockton, Mass. Maiden, Mass. Haverhill, Mass. Salem, Mass. New Britain, Conn. Augusta, Ga. Butte, Mont. Fitchburg, Mass. Racine, Wis. Auburn, N. Y. Taunton, Mass. Everett, Mass. Oshkosh, Wis. Chelsea, Maes. The assessments were generally levied upon the front-foot basis, and for most cities were apparently uniform throughout the city. Thus the rate was reported as 2 cents per front foot for Fitchburg and Everett, Mass.; 3 cents per front foot for Salem, Mass., and New Britain, Conn.; and 5 cents per front foot for Lynn, Mass., Duluth, Minn., and Somerville, Mass. In many cities the rate varied with the width of the street sprinkled and the nmnber of times sprinkled per day. In Minneapolis, Minn., the rate was uniform for each ward; in St. Paul, Minn., the total cost of sprinkling for the year was assessed against the property owners on a front-foot basis, according to the number of applications of water during the entire season. Water sprinkling hy private associations. — ^In many cities the street sprinkling was done by private asso- ciations of householders who had clubbed together for the purpose. These associations have not, as a rule, any accurate records of the amount of money raised for the sprinkling, nor of the length or area of streets subject to sprinkling. It was deemed inadvisable, therefore, to attempt to get detailed information with respect to this sprinkling, except such information relative to length in miles of street sprinkled as could be supplied by city authorities. In the followiag Hst are shown the cities in which more or less sprinkling was done by private associa- tions of householders, together with the number of miles sprinkled where such was reported: City Dum- ber. Miles sprinkled. Chicago, HI St. Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Francisco, Cal Cincinnati, Ohio Newark, N.J New Orleans, La Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Louisville, Ky Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I Rochester N. Y Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y , Paterson, N.J Omaha, Nebr Grand Rapids, Mich.. Reading, Pa Wilmington, Del Des Moines, Iowa St. Joseph. Mo Troy,N:Y Tacoma, Wash Kansas City, Kans.... Waterbury, Conn Schenectady, N. Y. . . Hoboken, N.J Wilkes-Barre, Pa Erie, Pa 75.00 15.06 1.50 352.00 48.00 10.00 1.00 25.00 10.00 5.10 15.00 1.00 12.00 28.00 4. SO 5.50 7.20 2.55 2.60 7.00 3.50 City num- ber. 91 92 98 99 100 102 103 104 105 106 108 110 HI 113 114 117 118 119 120 129 130 136 137 140 143 144 147 160 151 155 157 158 Miles sprinkled. Peoria, m Fort Wayne, Ind Terre Eaute, Ind East St. Louis, ni .. . Bayonne, N.J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala AUentown, Pa Pawtucket, R.I Saginaw, Mich Wichita, Kans Binghamton, N. Y.. Lancaster, Pa Little Rock, Ark Springfield, Ohio Rockiord.Ill York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. . McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va.... Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich Galveston, Tex Elmira.N. Y Quincy,Ill Macon, Ga JoUet,IlI Taunton, Mass Joplin, Mo Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 10.00 1.00 4.00 2.05 15.71 0.70 2.00 14.00 11.00 16.00 3.50 3.00 9.00 2.70 13.00 5.25 2.00 48.00 2.75 5.0O 1.00 Dust preventives other than water. — The great cost of dust prevention on highways by means of frequent application of water has led many cities within the last few years to experiment with the application of substances other than water for the prevention of dust. As early as 1900 San Francisco sprinkled cer- tain of its drives or city highways with oU. In suc- ceeding years other cities experimented with oils and emulsions of oU, generally first on park drives, and then on the boulevards and other highways of the city. By 1909 the use of oil as a dust preventive was beyond the experimental stage, and in some cities had largely superseded the use of water. The cities in which oil or some dust preventive other than water was used in 1909, and the kinds of dust preventive used, are shown in Table 18. Of the 158 cities covered by the investigation, 48 appear in this table. The kinds of preventive used are given in many cases under their patented or trade names. The use of calcium chloride was reported by Boston and Spring- field, Mass., only, but since 1909 this substance has been used by several other cities. It is to be noted that in several cities the use of oil was confined to park drives and boulevards, though the area of these highways treated formed only about one-fifth of the total area treated. Part V.— HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. DEFINITIONS, ACCOUNTS, RECORDS, AND REPORTS. Definitions. — ^The term highway is used by the Bureau of the Census as the generic designation of streets, roads, alleys, walks, and other thoroughfares open to the public travel, and the structures therein or there- upon forming a part of the same. In this report, how- ever, are presented statistics relating only to those highways and highway structures which are outside 9f park areas, including statistics of the so-called boule- vards and drives of cities outside of parks, whether under highway or park management. Work upon highways or in connection with their care, maintenance, and lighting is here referred to as the highway service. That service in this report is separated into three branches, each given a distinct name — as, the general highway service; the street-clean^ ing service; and the dust-prevention service. Statis- tics for the latter branches of the highway service have been presented in Parts III and IV. In this part are presented statistics of highways and of that portion of the highway service which is here referred to as the general highway service, or service upon the highways other than street cleaning and dust prevention. Requirements for uniform accounts and reports. — ^The ends to be attained by the adoption of a scheme of uniform accounts and reports for each department of governmental service are set forth on page 14 of the text of the Introduction to this report. In the same connection are given definitions of such standard terms of accounting as those of expenses and outlays, and a description of a scheme of accounts of different orders in which all accounts are given descriptive names and numbers showing the relation of each account to all the others and to the system as a whole. The descrip- tion there given will apply with slight modifications to the system of accounts here presented for the highway service, which includes, as has been previously stated, the street-cleaning and dust-prevention services, as well as the general highway service. Accounts for expenses: 0. General highway administration— 00-09. As needed. 1. General maintenance of roadways or streets, roads, and alleys — 10. Roads, etc., without paved surface. 11-18. Streets, etc., with specified kinds of paved surface, such as water-bound macadam, oil-bound mac- adam, sheet asphalt, brick, etc.; the expenses for each class of pavement to be recorded sepa- rately, and the account therefor given a descrip- tive name and a separate number. Accounts for expenses — Continued. 1. General maintenance of roadways or streets, roads, and alleys — Continued . 19. Compensated work by highway departments, or work by highway departments in repairing cuts made in pavements by other departments or by private par- ties, and other work by the highway force for other departments and the public for compensation, ex- clusive of work the costs of which are met from spe- cial assessments or charges in the nature of special assessments. All amounts sunmied up in account 19 should be classified according to character of work, and recorded in separate three-digit accounts, the first two digits of the numbers of such subor- dinate accounts being 19 . 2. Maintenance and care of highway structures — 20. Maintenance and care of sidewalks. 21-29. Maintenance and care of specified classes of struc- tures, such as crosswalks, curbs, gutters, bridges for abolition of grade crossings, watering troughs, drinking fountains, street signs, etc.; the ex- penses for each to be separately recorded, and accounts therefor given separate numbers and descriptive names. 3. Cleaning streets — 30. Administration. 31. Hand sweeping. 32. Machine sweeping by horse and motor. 33. Flushing and washing. 34. Cleaning gutters. 35-37. Other cleaning of streets. 38. Disposal of street cleanings. 39. Snow and ice removal and disposal. (For further details, see Part III.) 4. Prevention of street dust — 40. Administration. 41. Sprinkling with water. 42-49. Sprinkling and treating with oil and other sub- stances; the expenses for each to be recorded separately, and accounts therefor given separate numbers and names descriptive of the methods. (For specific instructions, see Part IV.) 5. Street lighting — 50-59. Cost of each class of lighting to be recorded in sep- arate accounts with numbers and descriptive titles. 6 and 7. Together with subordinate general and subgeneral accounts as needed. These accounts are to be used for distribution or incidental operating accounts, or for recording the expenses of other functional activi- ties of the department in charge of highways. All such accounts should be grouped under edgnificant and descriptive titles and given appropriate numbers. Accounts for oiUlays: 8. All outlays — 80. Land, buildii^s, etc., for administration. 81. Land for highways and cost of opening, widening, and grading streets. (63) 64 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Accounts for outlays — Continued. 8. All outlays — Continued. 82. Street pavements or costs of hard surface. 820-829. Cost of each kind of paving, such as mac- adam, sheet asphalt, etc., to be recorded separately and the account therefor as- signed a separate descriptive name and three-digit number. 83. Street structures other than pavements. 830-839. Cost of specified structures such as those for sidewalks, curbs, gutters, bridges for abolition of grade crossings, watering troughs, drinking fountains, street signs, etc. ; to be recorded in separate accounts with descriptive titles and with three- digit numbers. 84. Equipment of department. 840. Equipment for administration. 841-849. Equipment of various branches of highway service; to be recorded after descriptive titles and with proper accoxmt numbers. Accounts for revenues and appropriations: 9. Eevenues and appropriations— 90-99. As needed. Distribution or incidental of crating accounts. — As a result of the different organizations of highway depart- ments and the varying methods of control of the same, numerous variations must exist in accounts of different cities with their highway services, particularly in their accounts with the management of stables and other subordinate branches of work. All expenses of these auxiliary branches of service should first be charged to a distribution or incidental operating account and later distributed to the several appropriation accounts; in the report they should be classified as set forth after the distribution. These distribution accounts, whether arranged on the basis here set forth or on a different basis may be given numbers not otherwise used, or may be given letters in connection with numbers, as may be found most convenient. Physical and general records. — The physical and gen- eral records that should be kept by those in charge of the highway department are numerous. Attention is first called to those relating to highway improvements and highway structures. The records relating to streets should show the length in miles of each kind of paved street, and of those without such hard artificial surface. In addition the records of streets with hard- paved surface should show (1) the total width of the street from curb to curb, (2) the width of the pavement proper, (3) the square yards of the street surface from curb to curb, and (4) the square yards of the pavement proper. The width and area of the pavement proper as distinguished from that of the street is usually the width and area of that portion of the street which is not covered by gutters constructed of material different from that of the pavement. The records should also show the proportion of the paved surface, if any, which is paid for by street railway companies. The records of sidewalks, curbs, gutters, and other highway structures should show in similar detail the miles of each class of structures made of each class of material, and in the case of gutters and sidewalks the area in square yards and average width. In addition the annual construction should be recorded the same as the aggregate construction. With such records it will be easy to correlate costs of work ia constructiag pavements and other road structures, and the costs of the care and maintenance of highways with the im- provements acquired and the work performed, and in these and other ways provide statistics that will fairly measure the economy and efficiency of the highway service. STATISTICS OF HIGHWAYS AND GENEKAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. The statistics on highways included in Tables 19 to 33 are of all highways within city limits, whether maiatained by city, county, or state. These highways are divided into streets and alleys, but the line of de- marcation between the two is not always clearly drawn. The term street usually signifies a traveled thorough- fare in a city or town, with a sidewalk on one or both sides of it, or with a space for such a sidewalk. The highways that are here tabulated as streets are in most cases those thoroughfares that divide the city into squares or blocks. Alleys are the narrow driveways that extend into or through the squares or blocks. They are usually from 8 to 25 feet in width, have no side- walk, and are primarily for the convenience of house- holders in the square or block. In some cities, however, especially in those which are not laid out in squares or blocks as above indicated, all thoroughfares are classed as streets. Statistics of streets and alleys. — In^able 19 and sub- sequent tables, streets and alleys are grouped according to the character of their surface into three classes, referred to as (1) streets and alleys with durable pave- ments, (2) streets and alleys with nondurable pave- ments, and (3) unpaved streets and alleys, or streets and alleys with a surface of the natural soU. The dividing line between the two classes of paved streets and alleys is, however, more, or less arbitrary, as may be seen by a list of the different kinds of pavement in- cluded in each class, as given in detail in Table 21. The figures for alleys in Table 19 are much less per- fect and comprehensive than those for streets, since the reports secured for some cities omit the length of alleys, while those for others are based upon incomplete and inaccurate local records. As a rule, footnotes to the table call attention to the former class of cities. The reported length of alleys is an estimate for a large number of cities. For several the estimate was obtained by dividing the number of miles of streets by two. The presence and character of these estimates should be taken into account in all computations and HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 65 deductions made from the figures of the table that ijttclude those for alleys. For a few cities the table presents imperfect statements of the length of unpaved streets, due, as in the other cases mentioned, to the absence of reliable local records. Thus, in many cities, as in St. Paul, Minn., the local records of unpaved streets show the total length of unimproved streets which have been platted or surveyed; while ia other cases, as in that of the ne^hboring city of MhmeapoHs, the length reported iucludes traveled streets only. The proportion of the total length of streets covered with durable pavements is given as 41.2 per cent for the cities of Group I, and successively less for each of the smaller groups. The highest proportion of such streets reported for any city was 82 per cent for Balti- more, Md. The proportion of total street length cov- ered with nondurable pavement was fairly uniform for the totals of the four city groups, though there were great variations in the proportions of such streets between the different cities. Some cities reported no such streets, while several reported more than three- fourths of all their paved streets as of that class. Cities of Group I had the smallest percentage of streets with dirt or unpaved surface, the group totals for Groups II, III, and IV showiag successively larger percentages. Length, area, and width of faved streets. — Table 20 gives for the various cities covered by this report the length in miles, area in square yards, and average width in feet of the streets classified as with durable and nondurable pavements. For an exhibit of the various kinds of street surface included in these gen- eral classes of pavements, the reader is referred to Table 21 and the text relating to the same, pages 66 to 70. In addition to the length and area of these two classes of paved streets. Table 20 sets forth the per- centage that the length and area of each class formed of the total length and area of paved streets. The area of paved streets includes, as has previously been explained, aU the space between the street curbs, and is the area that must be used in statistics of street cleaning and street sprinkling. These areas of paved streets must not be confounded with the area of pave- ments in streets, which is the area to be used in sta- tistics of constructing, replacing,. resurfacing, or re- pairing pavements. But few cities differentiate in their records between areas of paved streets and area of street pavements, the great majority recording a,nd reporting only the area of the streets. Kecognizing this tact, the Bureau of the Census did not attempt to secure reports of the total area of street pavements. It sought to secure the length of aU classes of streets and the area of the paved streets, or the total area from curb to curb classified according to the material used in the pavement of the main portion of the high- way. In a few cases, however, to some of which attention is specifically called on succeeding pages, the 92775°— 13 5 Census agents have probably returned the figure for the area of pavements proper, and not that of paved streets. With the exception of the cities to which reference has just been made — those in which the only street figures available were those of the pavement area — the average width shown in Table 20 is that of the streets from curb to curb. The average width for the different city groups is fairly uniform, being least for cities of Group I and greatest for those of Group IV. The reason for a less width for the cities of Group I is that that group is composed largely of the older cities of the country in which the streets are narrower than in the newer cities of the Central and Western states, which form a lai^er proportion of the other groups. The cities of over 100,000 inhabitants reporting the lowest average width of paved streets are Philadelphia and Pittsbui^h, Pa., in which the average width re- ported was 24.9 and 25.5 feet, respectively. In the latter city alleys were included with streets and re- duced the average; but in the former the average width given is that of streets alone. Streets vMh durable pavements. — The length and area of streets with durable pavements form a much larger percentage of the total for aU paved streets in the cities of Group I than in the cities of any other group. The percentage for the cities of Group II is less than that for the cities of Group III. The average width of this class of paved streets shows a greater variation in the group totals than does the average width of all paved streets considered together. The average width of such streets in the cities of Group I was 31.8 feet; for Groups II and III, 33.6 feet; and for Group IV, 36.3 feet. The lowest average width of streets of this character reported for any city was 22.2 feet in Everett, Mass., and the next, 23.1 feet in Taunton, Mass. The highest average width was 63.3 feet reported for Salt Lake City, Utah. Streets vnth nondurable 'pavements. — The average width of streets with nondurable pavement — that is, those with an oil or water-bound surface, usually of macadam or gravel — although comparatively uniform for gi'oup totals, shows wide variations between indi- vidual cities. It is probable that for some cities the reports gave only the area of that part of the street which had been macadamized; whUe for the majority of cities the reports were of the entire width of the street from curb to curb, without regard to the portion actually paved. The following cities probably re- ported only the macadamized portion of the roadways : Topeka, Kans.; Louisville, Ky.; Bay City, Mich.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Bayonne, N. J.; and Toledo, Ohio. In Table 21 are given the length and area of streets covered with the different kinds of pavement classed as durable, and also of those covered with nondurable pavements. 66 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Durable street pavements, classified hy Tcind of sur- face. — In the class of durable pavements are included those with an estimated life in use of at least 10 years on streets subject to a moderate volume of light traffic. These pavements comprise those constructed of paving blocks, bricks, or materials bound together by bitu- minous substances, and include stone-block, brick, wood-block, sheet-asphalt, and bitulithic pavements. Streets paved with oU and water bound macadam, gravel, or shell are grouped with the nondurable pave- ments. In this connection attention is called to the fact that some streets reported as paved with bitu- lithic or tar-bound macadam are doubtless covered with ordinary macadam treated with tar or other bitiuninous compounds, and if their character had been reported would have been tabulated as streets covered with nondurable pavements. Sheet-asplwlt pavements in streets. — This name is ap- plied to pavements composed of a thin surface of as- phalt with which has been mixed, while hot, a large proportion of sand or finely pulverized rock, the same resting upon a foundation usually composed of mac- adam or concrete. It is a comparatively durable pavement when laid on a good foundation, resists the wear and tear of automobile traffic, is easy to keep clean, and gives rise to less noise than brick or stone pavement. Under this classification have been in- cluded for Newport, Ky., 0.9 mile of rock-asphalt pavement; for Syracuse, N. Y., 3.6 miles of asphaltina pavement; and for San Francisco, Cal., 3.3 miles of bituminous rock pavement. Sheet-asphalt pavements were reported by 128 of the 158 cities covered in this investigation, but most of the mileage was reported by cities of Group I. Bitulithic pavements in streets. — The name " bitu- lithic" is commonly applied to a pavement the surface of which is composed of a bituminous concrete, the aggregate being a mixture of several sizes of broken stone so proportioned as to give a dense material with a small percentage of voids. Pavements of bitumi- nous concrete have been in use to some extent for a number of years, but the construction of this type of pavement upon any considerable scale began about 1901, when exploited under a patent of the Warren Bros., and most of the pavement of this type since constructed has been under this patent. In the construction of this pavement a base of crushed stone or slag of varying size, 4 to 6 inches deep, is laid. Upon this base is placed a layer composed of broken stone ranging in size from dust to that just passing a IJ-inch screen, combined while heated to a temperature of not over 250° F. with 10 or 12 per cent of bituminous compound. This layer is spread upon the street to a depth of 2 inches at a temperature of not less than 200° F. and thoroughly rolled with a steam road roller. Upon this layer is placed a sticky quick-drying bituminous cement upon which is spread and rolled into place a layer a half inch thick of smaE stone chips for a final wearing surface. This coating has the effect of making the pavement much less sHppery in wet weather than ordinary asphalt pave- ment. This paving is smooth, easily cleaned, and practically noiseless. Though not calctdated to with- stand very heavy traffic, it is weU adapted for resi- dential districts and for streets used largely for pleas- ure and high-speed driving. Under such conditions it ordinarily has a life of at least 10 years. Tar-hound macadam pavements in streets. — ^Under modern traffic conditions it has been found that water- bound macadam pavements are soon worn out, espe- cially on those streets subject to a large amount of automobile traffic. The suction of the rubber tires on wheels going at a high rate of speed soon tears such pavements to pieces. With a view of resisting such action, many experiments have been made in recent years in the application of bituminous materials, such as coal tar, or asphaltic oils, to macadam streets, or in the use of such materials mixed while hot with broken stone and roUed into place with a steam road roller. The best combination of bituminous materials and the- most effective method of construction of this type of pavement have not yet been fuUy determined. Granite and Belgian hlocTc pavements in streets. — In the collection of these statistics Census agents were instructed to report under the heading "Granite and Belgian block " all kinds of stone-block pavement constructed of "dressed" or "faced" stone blocks.^ For certain cities stone-block pavements not locally designated as granite or Belgian block pavements were reported separately with descriptive titles; but in the tabulation aU of these pavements were placed tmder the heading "Granite and Belgian block." The stone-block pavements thus tabulated are shown, separately in the following table. Figures in itahcs are estimates. City num- ber. 17 20 26 63 66 72 168 1 25 29 30 42 40 101 67 CITY, AND KIND OF STONE-BLOCK PAVEMENTS IN STREETS. Grand total. SaTidstone ilock. Total. Minneapolis, Minn. . . Kansas City, Mo St. Paul, Minn St. Joseph, Mo Taooma, Wash Utioa.N. y South Omaha, Nebr. Total. Medina, New York, N. Y.i . . . Rochester, N. Y Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Grand Rapids, Mich. Dayton, Ohio Passaic, N. J Medina sandstone and ligonier granite. Youngstown, Ohio Length (miles). 260.2 44.3 20.0 2.3 8.7 0.5 6.5 5.1 1.2 71.5 7.6 31.5 7.2 23.1 0.3 1.8 0.4 Area (sq. yds.). 6, 661, 203' 863,720 317,317 177,464 9,932 168,944 105,706 38,621 1,454,061 153,584 705,833 128,604 446,749 6,017 12,147 1,127 16,227 1 Also some "trap" in the Borough ol Manhattan, which can not be segregated. ' Less than one-tenth ol 1 mile. HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 67 aty nnm- ber. CITT, AND KIND OF STONE-BLOCK PAVEMENTS IN STREETS. Traproek. Total. 1 14 36 101 New York, N.Y.. Newark, N. J Paterson, N.J Passaic, N. J Limestone Uock. Total. St. Louis. Mo Cinciimaii, Ohio. Buffalo, N. Y. Buffalo, N.Y... Paterson, N. J . . Columbus, Ohio Sacramento, Cal Pittsborgb, Pa.. Pittsburgh, Pa.. Block stotis on concrete. Block stone on sand. Palisade. Hayden block. Basalt. Ligonier. Not designated. Length (miles). 18.8 2.3 11.5 4.3 0.7 8.0 0.1 7.9 74.4 Area (sq. yds.). 391,300 82,123 225, 588 76, 219 7,370 140,047 0.5 (') 1,887 138,160 678,772 1,*54,749 19,466 298,878 14,080 224,702 ' Not reported. Cobblestone pavements in streets. — ^By cobblestone pavements are meant those pavements composed of round cobblestones or undressed field stones. In some cities pavements made of stones from quarries and faced on one or more sides are called cobblestone pavements. These stones are laid in sand or gravel, present a smooth surface, and often have good wear- ing qualities. For this report census agents were in- structed to report such pavements as granite and Belgian block, and to include as cobblestone pave- ments only those of naturally rotmded stones or undressed field stones. Only a very small mileage of cobblestone pavement, as defined by the Census Office instructions for 1909, has been laid in recent years, and of the total mileage reported nearly half was for Baltimore, Md. Brick pavements in streets. — Next to sheet asphalt, the largest mileage of durable pavement reported was of brick, though the mileage of this pavement is not much in excess of that reported for granite and Belgian block. Nearly all cities reported a greater or less area of brick pavements. In many instances the brick pavements, especially those first laid, are composed of soft or only moderately hard brick. At the present time, cities are usually laying vitrified paving brick, placing these upon a concrete foimdation. Vitrified-brick pavements are smooth and durable, easily cleaned, and not excessively noisy. They are satisfactory for residential and business districts, where the trafiic is moderate. Under such conditions and when properly laid on a concrete foundation the esti- mated life of these pavements is approximately 15 years. Greosoted wood-llock pavements in streets. — ^The total mileage of creosoted wood-block pavements reported is small, and most of that mileage has been laid in recent years. Only three cities — Minneapolis, Minn., New York, N. Y., and Indianapolis, Ind.— reported more than 20 miles each of this pavement. Most of the other cities with creosoted wood-block pavements re- ported only a small mileage. In many cases these pavements have been laid for experimental purposes, and in many cases they have been laid on bridges. The initial cost of these pavements is relatively large, but when laid on a solid concrete foundation they have shown excellent wearing qualities, are the least noisy of any durable pavement, and are as easy to clean as sheet-asphalt pavements. Untreated wood-block pavements in streets. — The un- treated wood-block pavements reported are a survival of earlier days. Practically no such pavements are being laid at the present time, nor have been for a num- ber of years. The wood most frequently used was cedar. Of the total mileage, 86.3 per cent was re- ported for the cities of Group I, and more than half of the total was for Chicago alone. Other durable pavements in streets. — ^The mileage and area of the other kinds of pavements included in Table 21 as durable are shown in the following table: City num- ber. 31 38 44 45 68 63 64 70 90 124 151 57 103 1 2 37 39 109 137 aTY, AND KIND OF SPECIFIED DUKABLE PAVEMENTS IN STREETS. Grand total. , Total. Portland, Oreg... Worcester, Mass. . Fall Eiver, Mass. . Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass. Lynn, Mass St. Joseph. Mo Troy,N. Y SomerviUe, Mass. . Portland, Me Haverhill, Mass.. Taunton, Mass... Hassam cement. Boston, Mass. Cemewt. Total. Length (miles). 206.7 Area (sq. yds.). 303,069 Salt Lake City, Utah.. Mobile, Ala Concrete. Total. New York N.Y Chicago 111 Omaha, Nebr Memphis, Tenn Springfield, 111 Kalamazoo, Mich Cement and concrete. Total New Haven, Conn. . . . Grand Rapids, Mich. Wilmington, Del Manchester, N. H 0.2 0.7 0.1 6.0 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 63,244 18,506 6,468 9,832 22/329 40,149 62,767 15,467 36,802 15,225 7,862 6,428 2,747 13,312 3,312 10,000 143,419 0.9 1.3 1.8 0.1 558 79,620 2,972 61,022 3,687 5,660 92,572 17,610 30,460 42,906 1,636 68 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. City num- ber. 145 CSTT, AND KIND OF SPECIFIED DUEABLE PAVEMENTS IN STREETS. Granitoid. Total New Orleans, La Tacoma, W ash Dulutli, Minn EInoxville, Tenn Granolithic. Pliiladelpllia, Pa Slaff block. Total New York, N.Y Philadelphia, Pa Mineral riibber. New Orleans, La Rubble. Camden, N. J Macadam and concrete. Saginaw, Mich Length (mUes). 2.8 0.3 0.8 3.3 12.8 9.3 3.5 5.8 Area (sq. yds.). 136,761 64,633 3,173 U,327 57,728 72,726 111,706 69,426 42,280 8,840 Nondurable pavernents in streets, classified ly Icind of surface. — The class of nondurable pavements is com- posed of those with oil or water bound surface. Its most important subclasses are the following: Oil- bound macadam, water-bound macadam, oil-bound gravel, and water-bound gravel. Oil-hound macadam pavements in streets. — This class of pavements includes all macadam pavements in whose construction oil was used as a binder, but not those oiled subsequent to construction for the preven- tion of dust. The class last mentioned have been tabulated as water-bound macadam. Only 66.9 miles of oil-bound macadam streets were reported for aU of the cities covered in this report, nearly two-thirds of this total mUeage being reported for Sacramento, Cal. Water-houTid macadam pavements in streets. — ^^Water- bound macadam streets include nearly all of the mac- adam streets reported. Strictly speaking, no binder has been used ia the construction of this pavement, such streets being ordinarily spoken of as water-bound macadam streets merely to differentiate them from the tar and oil-bound macadam streets. A very large number of cities reported streets of this kind. The mileage reported does not include that of macadam drives within park areas, of which there is a very con- siderable mileage in a large number of cities. The figures of the tables of this report relating to water-bound macadam paved streets are generally for streets covered with a firm covering several inches in thickness; but for a few cities the local records include as paved streets those with only a very thin and uneven coating of broken stone, a kind of streets which most cities class as unpaved. So far as the figures of this report duplicate these inaccuracies of local records they incorrectly magnify the length and area of paved streets and present an imperfect statement of the length and area of unpaved streets. Water-hound gravel pavements in streets. — Many cities have improved a large mileage of their streets in the residential sections by covering the natural earth with a layer of gravel. No binder is used to hold the parti- cles of gravel together, but these streets are usually called water-bound gravel streets in order to distin- guish them from oil-bound gravel streets. Of the 158 cities, 47 reported water-bound gravel streets. The statement made in the last paragraph with reference to faulty local records concerning water-bound mac- adam is equally true with reference to water-bound gravel streets. Other oil or water hound pavemerds in streets. — The different kinds of pavement with oil or water bound surface included in the column of Table 21, headed "All other," are shown in the following table: City num- ber. 18 44 61 126 136 140 15 120 32 20 CITY, AND KINDS OF NONDUEABLE PAVEMENTS IN STEEETS. Grand total Oil-bound gravel. Total Los Angeles, Cal Lowell, Mass Des Moines, Iowa Salem, Mass Shell. Total New Orleans, La Memphis, Tenn Houston, Tex Norfolk, Va Savannah, Ga Jacksonville, Fla Chester, Pa Galveston, Tex Chert. Total New Orleans, La Chattanooga, Tenn Disintegrated or decomposed granite. Total Los Angeles, Cal Denver, Colo Shell and cinders. Charleston, S. C Macadam and chert. Atlanta, Ga Imperial crude oil and dirt. Kansas City, Mo Oilroid. Spokane, Wash Trapoid. Spokane, Wash Slag. Chicago, 111 Not specified. Total Chicago, 111 Detroit, Mich Los Angeles,-Cal Length (miles). 208.7 179.7 5.3 0.5 23.2 102.3 0.7 5.2 12.0 2.4 18.7 3.1 32.0 22.0 3.6 18.4 97.6 3.7 93.9 2.1 53.0 0.7 0.1 1.0 6.5 7.9 0.6 1.8 5.5 Area 10,369,475 4,674,605 4,224,000 63,842 6,763 380,000 1,822,341 495,029 14,414 66,923 158,000 46,539 329,120 55,260 657,056 287,649 63,360 224,189 2,133,960 93,867 2,040,083 38,406 1,088,267 12,069 866 37,661 104,000 168,761 29,774 129,067 Comparisons hetween 1907 and 1909. — In the fol- lowing table is shoAvn for 1907 and 1909 the areas of HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 69 different classes of pavement in the 158 cities covered by this report, and the increase or decrease in speci- fied kinds during the period. The classification of the table is that of the 1907 report, which was not so detailed as that for 1909. 1909 1907 INCEEASE. CHARACTER OF PAVEMENT. Total. Per cent. Total 387,471,590 374,908,992 12.562,598 Sheet asphalt and Mock asphalt. BituUthio and tar-bound maca- dam . 88, 645, 677 7,326,791 51,414,901 9,083,397 53,870,578 13,660,417 108,966 208 41,212,992 13,300,629 75,437,062 3,938,276 48, 701, 436 13,998,802 46,224,419 16,767,918 109,678,350 45, 695, 430 14,666,709 13,208,025 3,388,515 2,713,466 14,915,405 7,046,159 1 3, 107, 601 1 622, 142 1 4, 382, 438 11,366,080 17.5 86 Granite and Belgian block 6.6 Brick 16 5 Creosoted "wood block and un- 1 18.5 Oil and water bound macadam. 1.6 Another 193 1 Decrease. Bitulithic and tar-bound macadam, though com- prising but a small proportion of the total area of pavement reported, showed by far the highest per- centage of increase from 1907 to 1909. The marked decrease in the area of cobblestone pavement reported is in part explained by the fact that in certain cities pavement locally reported as cobblestone in 1907 was reported as granite or Belgian block in 1909. Average life of street pavements. — In the tables which follow is shown the average life of sheet-asphalt, brick, creosoted wood-block, and bitulithic and other tar- bound macadam pavements. In most cases the figures given are merely estimates, though in some they represent the actual life of pavements in certain streets. The tables present different estimates for the business and residence sections. Many factors which could npt be taken account of in the figures presented affect the length of life of pavements. Among these may be mentioned the foundation and thickness of the pave- ment, the grade of the streets, and, perhaps most im- portant of all, the amount of traffic and the kind of traffic upon the streets. The most complete reports were obtained for the average life of brick pavements. In practically all cities brick is one of the oldest paving materials and one of the most extensively used, and hence data with reference to its average life is comparatively plentiful. The average life of brick pavement in Jacksonville, Fla., is reported to have been from 40 to 50 years. Creosoted wood block was apparently the most durable paving material in St. Louis; the other three classes of material having been reported as somewhat less durable. The average life of the creosoted wood- block pavement in MinneapoUs could not be ascer- tained, since none had been worn out. The estimated life of this pavement in Indianapolis, in the residence section, was somewhat greater than that of sheet asphalt in the same section, but apparently somewhat less than that of brick. City num- ber. 100 102 103 104 105 New York, N. Y.. Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo.... Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh^ Pa Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Francisco, Cal . Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N. J New Orleans, La. . . Washington, D. C. Minneapolis, Minn . Los Angeles, Cal . . Jersey City, N. J . . Kansas City, Mo. . Indianapolis, Ind , Louisville, Ky Providence, E. I. Rochester, N. Y.. St. Paul, Minn... Denver, Colo Portland, Greg. . . Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Conn . Scranton, Pa Paterson, N. J — Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass. Memphis, Tenn . . Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Tenn Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio Albany, N.Y.. .. Bridgeport, Conn. Spokane, wash. . . Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa San Antonio, Tex Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Wilmington/Del Springfield, Mass. . Des Moines, Iowa. St. Joseph, ilo- Troy, ^r. Y Tacoma, Wash. Youngstown, Ohio.. Duluth, Mirm Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass E^nsas City, Kans. Utica, N. Y Waterbury ; Conn . . Schenectady, N. Y. Hoboken, N. J Evansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala. Akron, Ohio Wilkes-Barre, Pa.. Brie, Pa Savannah, Ga Peoria, 111 Fort Wayne, Ind... Charleston, S. C Portland, Me East St. Louis, lU.. Holyoke, Mass Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla. Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind. Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala Allen town, Pa Pawtucket, R. I.. AVERAGE— ESTIMATED LUE IN YEARS OF— Sheet-asphalt pavement. Business section. 7 to 15 10 6 5 to 10 6to 8 17 8 to 10 10 to 12 22 10 10 5 8 10 8 to 10 10 to 12 10 10 to 12 12 10 6 to 10 10 6 10 15 10 10 14 10 10 10 13 to 15 itolO 10 10 11 10 15 itol2 Residence section. 12 itolO 10 7 5 10 10 to 20 10 10 to 20 15 12 12 to 16 16 to 25 8 to 12 17 30 12 to 15 15 to 20 22 15 5 to 10 16 12 15 to 17 22 24 12 10 12 to 15 20 12 to 15 17 13 10 to 12 15 13 12 10 15 13 to 18 12 to 18 15 12 16 15 10 15 13 15 20 12 to 18 10 14 15 Brick pavement. Business section. Residence section. 15 9 !to 7 10 10 to 12 10 6 to 14 5 6 25 8 to 12 10 14 10 10 to 15 15 15 12 to 15 20 10 12 20 7 10 6 to 8 15 17 25 12 15 25 15 to 20 10 10 to 16 20 7 to 25 10 to 15 12 16 10 10 to 15 10 15 5 18 6 to 18 10 10 12 to 18 12 10 to 12 15 7 15 20 15 25 15 5 to 12 15 6 to 8 15' to 20 18 10 to 12 15 10 to 20 10 18 17 to 20 25 20 to 30 25 10 to 20 20 '26 20 15 10 to 15 15 20 10 10 30 6 to 18 J5 14 18 18 15 to 23 25 12 15 25 30 26 25 12 18 20 25 10 15 15 20 15 to 20 20 to 30 20 30 20 25 10 to 15 20 to 30 15 15 14 26 12 40 to 50 25 25 70 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. City num- ber. 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 H9 120 121 122 123 129 130 131 134 136 140 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 152 154 155 158 City num- ber. 4 S 7 21 23 28 29 30 32 41 45 60 93 100 106 122 140 City num- ber. 39 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, ICans Springfield, 111 Bingl^mton, N. Y. . - Sioux City, Iowa Little Rock, Ark Springfield, Ohio AttanticCity, N. J... Bay City, lUioh Eockford, 111 York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn.. . Topeka, lutns Sacramento, Cal Davenport, Iowa McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W. Va Augusta, Ga Dubuque, Iowa Chester, Pa Galveston, Tex Elmira, N.Y Quinoy, 111 Knoxville, Tenn New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Aubiu-n, N. Y WestHoboken, N. J. Joliet,Ill Everett, Mass Chelsea, Mass Joplin, Mo South Omaha, Nebr.. AVERAGE ESTIMATED LIFE IN YEAK3 OF— Sheet asphalt pavement. Business section. 18 12 is 15 10 to 12 Residence section. 18 15 20 15 to 20 10 18 10 to 15 Brick pavement. Business section. 20 15 12 to 15 10 to 15 22 7 to 15 12 25 15 10 to 15 15 17 15 10 15 15 10 10 20 Residence section. 20 40 25 25 25 20 25 25 15 to 20 20 to 30 30 7 to 15 18 30 25 20 25 17 10 15 15 St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Cleveland, Ohio.. Indianapolis, Ind. Seattle, Wash Portland, Oreg Columbus. Ohio. . Toledo, Ohio Atlanta, Ga Oakland, Cal Cambridge, Mass.. Springfield, Mass. . Holyoke, Mass South Bend^ Ind.. Saginaw, Mich Sacramento, Cal. . Galveston, Tex AVERAGE ESTIMATED LIFE IN YEARS OP CREOSOTED W O O D - BLOCK PAVEMENT. Business section. 10 to 20 15 10 to 12 5 ■ 8 to 10 12 to 14 15 to 18 15 10 10 Residence section. 15 to 25 20 20 8 to 10 30 15 to 20 15 30 20 St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio... New Orleans, La. . Los Angeles, Cal. . Indianapolis, Ind. Portland, Oreg Toledo, Ohio Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y... Memphis, Tenn... AVERAGE ESTIMATED LIFE IN YEARS OF BITU- LITHIC OR OTHER TAR- BOUND MACADAM PAVEMENT. Business section. 7 to 15 10 3 to 10 10 to 12 8 to 10 12 1 Residence section. 10 to 20 15 12 5 10 to 15 12 10 10 10 to 15 17 City Dum- ber. 12 70 14 78 11 79 18 15 90 15 93 •''i 94 W 100 104 106 108 116 136 139 143 145 148 151 152 Nashville, Teim. . . Cambridge, Mass.. Lynn, Mass Springfield, Mass. . Des Moines, Iowa. . Tacoma, Wash Duluth,^ Minn Somervillo, Mass. . Evansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala. . Portland, Me Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass. . . South Bend, Ind.. Allentown, Pa Saginaw, Mich Wichita, Kans Bay City, Mich Chester, Fa Woonsocfcet, R. I. . Elmira, N.Y Knoxville, Tenn. . Auburn, N. Y Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass..... AVERAGE ESTIMATED LIFE IN YEARS OF BITU- LITHIC OB OTHER TAB- BOUND MACADAM PAVEMENT. Business section. 10 16 itolO 2 3to 4 3 to 10 12 Residence section. 15 10 to 12 10 10 20 4 6 to 8 2to 5 10 12 10 18 15 10 10 5 to 10 15 Street pavements laid hy contract and hy city employ- ees. — In Table 22 are shown the areas of street pave- ments laid by contract and by city employees during the fiscal year 1909. The pavements are divided, as in the other tables of this report, into durable and nondurable. Apparently many cities follow the gen- eral policy of having practically all of their paving done by contract, and comparatively few the policy of having it done exclusively by city employees. Only 16.8 per cent of the total area laid during the year was laid by city employees. The cities, however, appeared to be laying a much larger portion of their nondurable pavements than of the durable, laying 36.4 per cent of the former and only 10.1 per cent of the latter. Cost of pavements laid in 1909. — The table which follows presents the reported average cost in 1909 of laying speci&ed classes of pavement. Cities are ar- ranged according to the reported costs of each class of pavement, which vary greatly for all the classes of pavements, due largely to the fact that reported amounts represent compensation for widely different classes of work. In some cities the reported cost is that of resurfacing only; in others it includes one or more of the following items: Grading of street, exca- vating for pavement, the removal of old pavement, the laying of new or strengthening of the old concrete foundation, and the construction or resetting of curbs and gutters. The cost is largely influenced by the number of these varying factors, the most important of which are given in footnotes. HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. COST OF PAVEMENTS LAID IN 1909. 71 City num- ber. Cost per square yard. City num- ber. Cost per square yard. AVERAGE COST OF LAYING SHEET-ASPHALT PAVEMENTS IN 1909. 50 57 13 47 8 120 7 11 138 150 157 28 75 113 1 38 82 61 35 109 112 14 83 104 136 21 , 39 ' 41 52 , 122 / 71 Boston, Mass Buflalo.N. Y Cincinnati, Obio Utioa.N.Y Louisville, Ky Bayonne, N. J Detroit, Mich Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Salt Lake City, Utah.. Milwaukee, Wis Albany.N. Y Pittsburgh, Pa Chattanooga, Term Cleveland, Ohio San Francisco, Cal Montgomery, Ala Joliet,Ill Newport, Ky Portland , Oreg Schenectady, N. Y. 78 Little Rock, Ark New York, N. Y.: Manhattan Borough.. Fall River, Mass Fort Worth, Tex Des Moines, Iowa Scranton, Pa Springfield, 111 Sioux City, Iowa Newark, N.J Wilkes-Barre, Pa Allentown, Pa Chester, Pa Indianapolis, Ind Memphis, Tenn Oakland, Cal Trenton,N. J Sacramento, Cal Kansas City, Kans B vansviUe, Ind i$3.25 13.00 12.97 2.83 12.77 2 2.75 '2.74 <2.72 12.70 8 2.66 3 2.46 2 2.35 <2.30 2 2.29 , »2.28 S2.25 »2.25 2 2.25 2 2.25 »2.20 2.20 12.20 '2.14 12.10 «2.09 12.05 «2.06 12.05 2 2.05 «2.04 2.04 12.04 12.03 2,3 2.00 2 2.00 >. < 2. 00 12.00 M.98 », '' 1. 97 SI. 97 158 20 26 97 118 36 4 15 19 108 137 6 145 128 29 142 66 25 53 55 88 116 106 23 84 100 87 1 16 63 117 67 2 37 18 148 1 South Omaha, Nebr Kansas City, Mo St. Paul, Minn Oklahoma City, Okla.... York, Pa Paterson, N. J St. Louis, Mo New Orleans, Iia Jersey City, N.J Wichita, Kans Kalamazoo, Mich Baltimore, Md Kiioxvillo, Tenn Davenport, Iowa Columbus, Ohio Racine, Wis Tacoma, Wash Rochester, N. Y San Antonio, Tex Camden, N. J Fort Wayne, Ind Bay City,Mich Saginaw ,^ich Seattle, Vntsh Erie, Pa South Bend, Ind Harrisburg, Pa New York, N. Y.: Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough Washington, D. C St. Joseph, Mo Rookford.Ill Youngstown, Ohio Chicago, III Omaha, Nebr Los Angeles, Cal Auburn, N. Y New York, N. Y.: Bronx Borough 2$1. 5 1. SI. . U 11. <1 2 1 «1 .1 2 1. 11. 3 1 2 1. 2 1. 6 1. 1, 6 1 11. 2 1. '1. 2 1. 11. ,6 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 1. 11. '1. '1. ',6 1. 6 1. 2 1. 2 1. 6 1. '1. 61. 6 1. AVERAGE COST OF LAYING BLOCK-ASPHALT PAVEMENT IN 1909. I 75 ' 114 f 67 New York, N. Y.: Biooklyn Borough Manhattan Borough... Schenectady, N. Y Springfleld, Ohio Youngstown, Ohio ' S2. 73 '2.70 2.30 12.05 2 2.00 New York, N. Y.: Bronx Borough Akron, Ohio Savannah, Ga Washington, D. C 2 SI. 99 2 1.75 6,3 1.75 6,3 1.72 AVERAGE COST OF LAYING BRICK PAVEMENT IN 1909. 135 72 152 49 10 24 Bl 73 48 5 74 64 102 75 119 103 138 156 6 115 17 15 13 14 143 83 120 131 111 147 35 66 97 146 136 47 37 61 39 Butte, Mont Utica,N. Y Everett, Mass Spokane, Wash Buflalo.N. Y Providence, R.I Worcester, Mass Waterbury , Conn Bridgeport, Conn Boston, Mass Bayonne, N. J Houston, Tex Elizabeth, N. J Troy,N.Y Altoona, Pa Schenectady, N. Y Lincoln, Nebr Mobile, Ala Montgomery, Ala La Crosse, Wis Baltimore, Md Atlantic City, N.J Minneapolis, Minn New Orleans, La Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N.J Elmira,N. Y Wilkes-Barre, Pa Chattanooga, Tenn Augusta, Ga Lancaster, Pa Macon, Ga Scranton, Pa • Dallas, Tex Oklahoma City, Okla... Knoxville, Tenn Chester, Pa Albany, N.Y Omaha, Nebr Des Moines, Iowa Memphis, Tenn 2 $3. 80 87 3.68 158 13.26 3 43.20 108 13.00 62 6 2.89 142 12.87 79 12.85 113 12.79 157 12.75 160 2 2.41 90 6,3 2.38 23 12.36 104 2.30 18 12.28 19 2.27 139 4 2. 27 154 12.25 9 6 2.25 66 2.25 12 3 2.24 137 5 2.24 155 6, 3 2. 23 153 6 2.20 8 3 2.18 22 6 2.18 140 2 2.16 43 2.16 88 2 2.15 134 12.10 12.08 12.08 6 2.07 2 2.06 <,3 2.06 4 42 117 114 110 25 2 2.06 99 12.05 2,3 2.04 '2.03 12.03 106 109 20 89 2 2.00 92 Harrisburg, Pa South Omaha, Nebr.. Philadelphia, Pa Wichita, Kans Trenton^N. J Racine, Wis Birmingham, Ala Little Rock, Ark Newport, Ky JoUet,Ill Portland, Me Seattle, Wash Allentown, Pa Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N.J Woonsocket, R.I Chelsea, Mass Detroit, Mich Tacoma, Wash Cincinnati, Ohio Kalamazoo , Mich Joplio, Mo Oshkosh, Wis Pittsburgh, Pa Louisville, Ky Galveston, Tex Nashville, Tenn Fort Wayne, Ind Dubuque, Iowa St. Louis, Mo Grand Rapids, Mich.. Rockford,Ill Springfleld, Ohio Binghamton, N.Y... Rochester, N. Y Covington, Ky Saginaw, Mich Springfleld, Dl Kansas City, Mo Charleston, S. C East St. Louis, III — AVERAGE COST OF LAYING BRICK PAVEMENT IN 1909— Continued. City num- ber. Cost per square yard. City num- ber. Cost per square yard. I $2. 00 2 2.00 6 1.98 2 1.96 11.95 1.94 11.90 11.90 2 1.90 2 1.89 6 2.67 6-2.60 12.66 6 2.55 12.50 12.60 2.50 6 2.49 6 2.48 12.47 11.88 11.88 1.87 11.85 11.85 i, 3 1.82 11.80 2 1.78 11.77 2 1.75 11.76 .2 1.76 11.74 11.73 11.72 6 1.72 i, 3 1.72 11.69 61.63 6 1.60 2 1.60 116 63 29 78 96 46 71 128 144 67 Bay City, Mich.... St. Joseph, Mo Columbus, Ohio... Evansville, Ind. . . Jacksonville, Fla.. Dayton, Ohio EZansas City, Kans Davenport, Iowa. . Quincy, III Youngstown, Ohio 1SL60 146 6 1.55 121 6 1.64 100 5 1.53 107 6,3 1.53 130 61.50 7 6,3 1.60 129 2 1.50 21 2 1.50 86 2 1.45 80 Newcastle, Pa... Topeka, Kans South Bend, Ind. Canton, Ohio Wheelmg, W. Va. Cleveland, Ohio.. McKeesport, Pa. . Indianapolis, Ind. Peoria, III Akron, Ohio 2;i.40 6 1.32 6 1.27 2 1.26 6 1.25 1, 3 1. 21 <1.20 2L10 2 1.07 2 1.00 AVERAGE COST OF LAYING GRANITE AND BELGLA.N-BLOCK PAVE- MENT IN 1909. 10 135 12 5 15 54 23 23 11 66 1 50 1 152 7 44 1 26 14 63 22 31 45 94 70 3 Buffalo, N.Y Butte, Mont Cincinnati, Ohio Boston, Mass New Orleans, La New Bedford, Mass Seattle, Wash Portland, Oreg San Francisco, Cal Tacoma, Wash New York, N. Y.: Brooklyn Borough- . Hartford , Conn New York, N. Y.: Richmond Borough. Everett, Mass Cleveland, Ohio Lowell. Mass New York, N. Y.: Manhattan Borough. St. Paul, Minn Newark, N. J St. Joseph, Mo Louisville, Ky Worcester, Mass Cambridge, Mass Brockton, Mass Somen'ille, Mass Philadelphia, Pa 1 84. 26 20 2 4.26 151 14 23 80 14.06 62 6 3.85 1 5 3.85 6 3.80 111 6 3.75 4 5,33.60 67 6 3.57 138 24 '3.61 75 13.50 106 35 '3.37 90 ■ 3.25 154 2,3 3.25 126 13.24 17 141 '3.14 26 6 3.12 6 3.07 6 3.04 13.00 13.00 13.00 8 124 74 19 60 16 13.00 12.96 93 77 6 2.94 Kansas City, Mo.., Taunton, Mass Akron, Ohio Lawrence, Mass . . . New York, N.Y. : Bronx Borough. . Lancaster, Pa St. Louis, Mo Youngstown, Ohio Montgomery, Ala.. Providence, R. I.- Schenectady, N. Y Pawtucket, R. I... Scranton, Pa Portland, Me Chelsea, Mass Salem, Mass Minneapolis, Minn. FitchbUTg, Mass... Rochester, N. Y... Pittsburgh, Pa Haverhill, Mass. . . Elizabeth, N.J... . Jersey City, N. J.. Spriaefleld, Mass. . Washmgton, D. C. Holyoke, Mass Manchester, N. H. 2.91 2.85 2.84 2 2. 80 2.80 2.75 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.50 2.50 2.45 2.45 2.40 2.25 2.22 2.08 2.07 2.00 2.00 1.86 1.70 1.24 1.19 0.61 0.65 AVERAGE COST OF LAYING BITULITHIC PAVEMENT IN 1909. 115 64 60 45 56 73 6 138 Boston, Mass Atlantic City, N. J Troy, N.Y Springfield, Mass. . Cambridge, Mass . . Dallas, Tex Waterbury, Conn. Baltimore, Md Montgomery, Ala.. 1S3.25 14 6 2.55 28 5 2.54 13 12.50 4 1,3 2.45 108 2 2.35 41 12.35 69 3 2.28 16 6 2.25 21 Newark, N. J Portland, Oreg . . . Milwaukee, Wis.. St. Louis, Mo Wichita, Kans... Oakland, Cal Wilmington, Del. New Orleans, La. Indianapolis, Ind. 6 $2. 24 6 2.20 2.18 2 2.15 2 2.15 3, 1 2. 00 11.96 6 1.95 2 1.10 AVERAGE COST OF LAYING UNTREATED WOOD-BLOCK PAVEMENT IN 1909. 9 142 Detroit, Mich.. Racine, Wis... 8S2.02 1.98 Oshkosh, Wis. $1.29 AVERAGE COST OF LAYING CREOSOTED WOOD-BLOCK PAVEMENT IN 1909. Cincinnati, Ohio Boston, Mass Hoboken, N.J Philadelphia, Pa New Haven, Conn Detroit, Mich Bridgeport, Conn New York, N. Y.: Manhattan Borough. Springfleld , Mass New York, N. Y.: Richmond Borough. Dallas, Tex Newark, N. J 1S4.34 42 14.00 19 '3.62 21 6 3.49 93 13.46 4 3.40 13 13.40 61 81 '3.34 17 13.29 36 1 '3.26 2 3.25 103 6 3.20 Grand Rapids, Mich. Jersey City, N. J Indianapolis, Ind — Holyoke, Mass St. Louis, Mo Milwaukee, Wis Des Moines, Iowa. . . Norfolk, Va Minneapolis, Minn. . Paterson, N. J New York, N.Y. : Queens Borough... Mobile, Ala i$3.19 13.16 i, 3 2.90 12.78 2 2.75 3 2.70 12.67 6 2.60 h 3 2. 58 <2.67 '2.37 12.22 AVERAGE COST OF LAYINGTAR-BOPND MACADAM PAVEMENT IN 1909. 11 138 68 163 6 146 124 San Francisco, Cal, Montgomery, Ala.. Duluth, Miim Oshkosh, Wis Baltimore, Md Knoxville, Tenn.. Haverhill, Mass... $2.26 6 2.25 11.55 1.34 3 1.11 1.10 6 1.07 31 90 100 141 93 94 Worcester, Mass. Portland, Me South Bend, Ind FitchbUTg, Mass. Holyoke, Mass.. Brockton, Mass.. 6 S2. 25 3 0.86 6 0.80 0.77 10.69 10.60 1 Price includes cost of curbmg, guttermg, etc. « Price includes cost of paving only. . ^. , » .;„„„„,,! « Price reported is the average of the highest and the lowest price paid. * Price includes foundations but not gradmg or curbmg. 6 Price includes cost of removing old pavement and grading but not setting of curb. 6 Not known whether cost of curbing, guttering, grading, etc. , is included. ' Price includes cost of removing old pavement. . 9 Price reported is the average of the highest and lowest price paid. 72 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. SJieet-aspJialt pavements, classified according to they ear in which laid. — In Table 23 is shown for those cities for which the date of laying was obtainable the area of sheet- asphalt pavement in streets at the close of the year 1909, classified by the year in which laid. This pave- ment has been laid extensively in most of the larger cities of the country during the last 10 years, although a few cities have laid but little of it during that period. Thus MuineapoMs, Minn., has not laid any since 1901, except a small area resurfaced in 1906. Newark, N. J., has laid little since 1902. In that city this pave- ment has apparently been superseded by bituUthic or bituminous macadam pavements. Ifseems probable that the figures for the second jcolumn of Table 23 giving the area of sheet-asphalt pavement laid prior to 1900 includes for some cities the areas of streets that were resurfaced in later years, and should there- fore have been reported in the succeeding columns for 1900 to 1909. The foundation for these pavements having been laid prior to 1900, their areas have been improperly included in the second column rather than in that for the year in which the resurfacing took place In spite of this probable defect, and the fact that a number of cities have discontinued or practically dis- continued the laying of sheet asphalt, the figures of the table show a general increase in the construction and reconstruction of this class of pavement. For the 10 years (1900-1909) the reported area of such pave- m.ent constructed or relaid averaged 3,766,875 square yards per year. The areas reported for 1900, 1901, and 1902 were markedly below this average, and that for 1906 sHghtly below. Those for the other years were above the average, and the figures as a whole indicate a general increase in the area of this class of pavement laid. BituUthic and tar-hound macadam pavements, classi- fied according to the year in which laid. — Table 24 shows the area in 1909 of bitulithic and bituminous or tar- bound macadam pavement in streets, classified as far as data were available according to the year in which laid. The table indicates the rapid general increase in, the construction of this class of pavement during the period covered by the data presented. It seems prob- able that some of the bituminous or tar-bound pave- ments other than bitulithic were constructed as com- mon or water-bound macadam and later treated with tar or other bituminous compound, or with a layer of crushed stone treated with such compound. Espe- cially is this true of the areas shown in the table as con- structed prior to 1900. For this reason the figures given in the columns for the period last mentioned may well be disregarded in considering the rapid introduction of bitulithic and other bituminous and tar-bound pave- ments, as these were bpt little used prior to 1900. Oreosoted wood-hlocTc pavements, classified according to the yearinwhich laid. — In Table 25 is shown for the cities for which the data were obtainable, the area in square yards of creosoted wood-block pavements in use at the close of 1909, classified by the year in which laid. Practically aU of these pavements laid in American cities are stiQ in existence. The untreated wood- block pavements laid in earlier years proved com- paratively unserviceable, because they were not always laid on a sohd foundation, and also because the wood soon decayed. Experiments were made with creosoted wood-block pavements as early as 1900, but only small areas were laid before that date. Much of the creosoted wood-block pavement in use is on bridges. In many cities it has also been laid on streets, principally for experimental purposes. The largest areas were reported for Minneapolis, Minn., New York, N. Y., and Indianapolis, Ind. In Minne- apolis this pavement has come into use in recent years to the exclusion of asphalt pavements. The first creosoted wood-block pavement in that city was laid in 1902 and is still in excellent condition, even though subject to heavy traffic. Brick pavements, classified accordingtotheyearinwhich laid. — In Table 26 is shown for the cities for which the data were obtainable the area of brick pavements in use at the close of 1909, classified by the year in which laid. There has been a marked increase in the area of brick pavements laid within the last few years, the average for the years 1907 to 1909 being more than twice as great as that for the years 1900 to 1902. Many brick manufacturers have taken pains to manufacture a hard paving brick, which, when laid on a sohd founda- tion, has proved very durable. The use of brick pave- ment varies greatly in different cities, due partly, no doubt, to the varying accessibility of a supply of suitable brick. Water-hound macadam pavements, classified according to the year in which laid. — In Table 27 is shown for the cities for which the data were obtainable the area of water-bound macadam pavements in use at the close of 1909, classified by the year in which laid. "^I^he table was designed to show whether this class of pavement was being superseded to any extent at the present time by pavements better calculated to withstand auto- mobile traffic. The figures for the 73 cities included in the table show that during the period from 1900 to 1910 there was an average construction of 1,719,060 square yards of this class of pavement. In the first half of this period the new construction fell short of this average in the years 1902 and 1904; and in the second half it fell short in the years 1905, 1906, 1907, and 1909, the construction for the last year being markedly lower than for any other year. The figures of the table show a general tendency to decrease the construction of water-bound macadam. This decrease is more than balanced by an increase in the construction of tar and oil boimd macadam. These three classes of macadam constitute a very large part (about 29 per cent) of all the pavement reported in Table 19. As a result of the increasing use of oil, tar, and other bituminous compounds as a binding for macadam pavement, there will doubtless be a great decrease during the next few years in the area of water-bound macadam. HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. UNPAVED STREETS: 1909. 73 City num- ber. Grand total Group I Group II Group III Group IV LENGTH OF UNPAVED STEEETS.l All streets. 25,071.5 6, 540. 6 7,681.1 6,311.2 4,638.6 Streets with curbs and gutters. 2,311.6 607.4 376.8 Streets with curbs only. 1,167.6 258.0 501.9 298.5 109.2 All other streets. 21,592.3 5,953.8 6, 080. 6 6,505.3 4,052.6 GROUP I.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. New York, N.y.. Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa. . St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio. . . Pittsburgh, Pa Detroit, Mich Buflalo,N. Y San Francisco, Cal Cincinnati, Ohio. . Milwaukee^ Wis.- . Newark, N. J New Orleans, La. . Washington, D. C. 1,334.7 1,337.9 77.8 249.0 471.0 337.1 4.1 m.2 B.O 0.6 298.3 524.0 9.0 293.9 301.7 486.0 266.0 184.2 184.2 1.2 60.0 85.2 600.0 90.3 1,007.9 1,337.9 471.0 337.1 4.1 288.7 524.0 293.9 301.7 486.0 266.0 84.0 440.0 90.3 GROUP IL— CI'JIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Minn . Los Angeles, Cal. . . Jersey City, N. J... Earsas City, Mo. . . Indianapohs, Ind . . Louisville, Ky... Seattle, wash Providence, R. I. Rochester, N. Y.. St. Paul, Minn. .. Denver, Colo Portland, Ore^.,. Columbus, Ohio. Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass. Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Conn. Scranton, Pa Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass. Memphis, Term.. Richmond, Va... Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Tenn Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio 462.1 614.6 76.3 177.0 190.5 S91.4 1,334.1 10.5 152.7 681.3 1,093.6 578.0 297.3 208.6 121.1 191.3 111.0 119.0 JS.S 421.6 48.5 lOS.O 46.7 111.6 142.6 66.1 257.0 448.2 127.8 BO.O 1.5 24.5 8.0 190.0 2.0 70.0 31.8 238.5 343.1 51.3 176.0 120.5 91.4 885.9 10.5 152.7 649.5 799.2 578.0 297.3 208.6 121.1 191.3 111,0 119.0 2S.8 420.0 24.0 95.0 46.7 111.5 132.6 66.1 17.0 GROUP IIL— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. AIbany,N. Y Bridgeport, Coim Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa Trenton, N.J San Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass . . Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, M:ass Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo Troy, N.Y Yonkers,N. Y Tacoma, Wash Youngstown, Ohio. . . Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex SomervilJe, Mass Kansas City, Kans. . . 44.0 106.0 907.0 10.0 69.0 84.0 407.8 68.7 leo.o 257. S 351.0 m 30.4 15.0 365.0 81.0 115.3 23.6 161.5 104.0 118.4 104.8 20.6 161.0 S.O 1.6 151.5 118.4 O 44.0 66.0 907.0 10.0 69.0 84.0 407.8 58.7 UO.O 140.0 311.6 30.4 15.0 365.0 81.0 115.3 44.4 22.1 104.0 104.8 20.6 160.5 City num- ber. LENGTH OF UNPAVED STREETS.' AU streets. Streets with curbs and gutters. Streets with All other curbs streets, only. GROUP III.- -CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909— Continued. 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 Utica, N. Y Water bury, Conn Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady, N. Y. . - Hoboken, N.J Manchester, N. H E vansvUle, Ind Birmingham, Ala Akron, Ohio Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex Wilkes-Barre, Pa Erie, Pa Savannah, Ga Peoria, HI Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind Charleston, S. C Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind East St. Louis, ni..-. Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla Bayonne, N. J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Passaic, N.J Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala AUentown, Pa Pawtucket, R. I 57.3 'ISO.O 48.2 9.2 169.8 72. 99.6 119.7 57.5 275.0 69.0 85.0 95.8 50.0 200.0 31.1 28.4 88.6 52.7 81.2 47.8 76.7 221.0 27.8 14.0 104.8 «26.0 S9.6 81.0 40.0 49.7 57.3 48.2 ISO.O m «9, 159.8 72.0 99.6 1.5 5.0 118.2 62.5 100.0 m 10.0 85.0 57.5 175.0 n 59.0 38.3 60.0 100. 31.1 14.2 ' 14. B 88.6 «6.7 12.5 68.7 47.8 25.0 61.7 221.0 27.5 14.0 104.8 26.0 8.0 31.6 81.0 r. GROUP rV.— CITIES HAVING A 'POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 164 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, HI Binghamton, N. Y. . Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Rock, Ark Springfield, Ohio Atlantic City, N. J. . Bay City, Mich Rockford,Ill York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Term.. Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass Nev/ Britain, Conn. . Davenport, Iowa McKeesport . Pa Wheeling, W. Va. . . Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich . . . Montgomery, Ala. . . Woonsocket, R. I. .- Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass Racine, "Wis Ehnira, N.Y Quincy , 111 Knoxville, Tenn New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N. Y West Hoboken, N. J JoUet, lU Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshlcosh, Wis Chelsea, Mass Joplin.Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr 141.7 169.4 330.0 108.9 74.1 28.0 614.4 162.0 47.0 SO.O 145.3 96.0 29.5 162.0 275.0 188.0 39.9 l.S 110.2 233.5 8.6 6S.0 90.0 48.4 13.0 30.6 75.3 62.0 19.3 90.0 53.4 104.0 150.2 32.3 85.0 2 113.8 67.0 82.2 54.0 16.0 120.0 55.5 30.0 4.6 40.8 56.3 3.6 '26.0 6.0 70.2 2.4 90.0 27.4 110.0 30.0 "5.0 20.0 « 19.0 13.2 (') 16.0 24.7 6.0 14.0 m 11.0 « C=) 141.7 1S2.0 220.0 108.9 49.4 28.0 578.4 148.0 42.0 SO.O 145.3 96.0 9.5 162.0 75.0 188.0 39.9 1.2 110.2 222.5 8.6 36.0 90.0 48.4 13.0 30.6 75.3 62.0 19.3 90.0 17.8 104.0 137.0 32.3 61.0 113.8 67. S7.2 64.0 40.0 120.0 52.0 SO.O 1.2 37.8 56.3 3.6 70.2 1.0 I (?) 5.0 2.4 89.0 1 Exclusive of roadways in parks. 2 Incomplete. ! Not reported. 74 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Unpaved streets. — The mileage of streets with un- paved surface as reported by 150 cities is shown in the table preceding. The reports for some cities were incomplete, while for others they included streets that had been platted or surveyed, but which were either not graded or only partially so, and were not open to travel. Of the total mileage of unpaved streets reported, 2,311.6 miles were provided with curbs and gutters and 1,167.6 miles with curbs only. Of the mileage without curbs and gutters it is probable that only a small percentage had been graded. Statistics of alleys. — In Table 28 the reported length and area of alleys at the close of 1909 in cities covered by this report are classified according to character of surface. The alleys comprehended by the table in- clude such highways as are reported under that desig- nation in local reports. For 56 cities no report for alleys was obtainable, and for 24 others alleys were reported with streets. For many other cities the re- port for alleys was incomplete; for some both the length and area were estimates, and for others paved alleys only were reported. The following table shows the different kinds of pavement of alleys tabulated in the column headed "All other," in Table 28, and gives the mileage and area of each class : City num- ter. 14 16 25 47 81 83 86 116 122 20 27 39 46 63 119 132 150 67 81 125 AND CHAEACTEK OF DiniABLE PAVEMENT IN ALLEYS. Grand total. , Cobblestime. Total. Baltimore, Md Detroit, Kicli Newark, N. J Washington, D. C . Rocliester, N. Y... Albany, N.Y Norfolk Va Wilkes-Barre, Pa. . Peoria, m Bay City, Mich Sacramento, Cal. . . Boulder. Total. Louisville, Ky. Dayton, Ohio.. Concrete. Total. Kansas City, Mo. , Denver, Colo Memphis, Tenn.. . Dayton, Ohio St. Joseph, Mo Lincoln, Nebr Superior. Wis Joliet,Ill Total. Cement. Salt Lake City, Utah. Norfolk, Va Pueblo, Colo Length of alleys (miles). 192.2 126.2 108.6 11.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 3.0 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.8 37.6 2.6 35.0 19.x 0.8 10.9 0.4 6.1 0.2 0.1 1.5 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 Area of al- leys (square yards). 1,810,389 1,228,771 755,850 125,061 1300 280,064 3,932 4,200 39,767 3,666 1,944 4,600 9,387 346,907 18,374 328,533 162,898 6,371 98,348 3,660 43,438 1,941 625 8,448 167 7,401 5,697 1,000 704 > Kinds of material not reported tor total. 2 Not reported. City num- ber. 4 146 39 37 CITT, AND CHABACTEB 01? DURABLE PAVEMENT IN ALLEYS. Oranitoid. Total St. Louis, Mo Knoxville, Term Wood block. Total Boston, Mass Minneapolis, Minn Kansas City, Mo St. Paul, Mmn Fort Wayne, Ind Creosotcd wood block. Minneapolis, Minn Bitumen. San Francisco, Cal Stone. Memphis, Tenn Tar concrete. Lowell, Mass Tar macadam. Duluth, Mion Concrete and macadam. Omaha, Nebr Length of alleys (miles). 1.6 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 2.9 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 Area of al- leys (square yards). 13,398 11,638 1,760 7,518 2,830 1,103 357 3,130 1,665 17,023 15, 112 1,800 2,779 6,117 The character of the surface of the alleys tabulated in Table 28 under the heading "Alleys with nondura- ble surface" is shown in the following table: City num- ber. 14 20 • 26 122 134 155 CITY, AND CHAKACTEB OP NONDUEA8LE PAVEMENTS IN ALLEYS. Grand total Macadam. Total Newark, N. J Kansas City, Mo St. Paul, Minn Sacramento, Cal Dubuque, Iowa Joplin, Mo Water bov.nd macadam. Total Louisville, Ky Nashville, Tenn Wood block and macadam. Chicago, ni Cinders. Peoria, 111 Kind not reported. Denver, Colo Length (miles). 209. S 15.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.1 10.9 2.3 18.9 64.4 71.7 Area (square yards). 1,669,096 188,579 1,460 1,916 1,320 26,109 128,578 30,206 512,320 133,267 379,053 501,900 428, 476 37,821 AspTialt repair plants operated hy cities. — Instead of being dependent upon contractors for the repair of asphalt pavement, many cities prefer to own and oper- ate asphalt repair plants. Of the total of 158 cities, 24 reported the operation of such plants, of which number 1 was rented and 23 owned by the city. Information with respect to these plants and the number of square HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 76 yards of pavement repaired during 1909 is shown, in the following table. Figures in italics are estimates. City num- ber. 15 9 1 23 12 21 11 8 37 29 46 68 30 69 67 13 121 14 7 42 91 63 120 150 Total. New Orleans, La Detroit, Mich New Yorlc, N. Y Seattle, Wash Cincinnati, Ohio Indianapolis, Ind San Francisco, Cal . . . Pittsburgh, Pa Omaha, Nebr Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Duluth, Minn Toledo, Ohio Houston, Tex Youngstown , Ohio. . . Milwaukee, Wis Topeka, Kans Newark, N.J Cleveland, Ohio Grand Rapids, Mich. Terre Haute, lod St. Joseph, Mo Chattanooga, Tenn... Joliet,m Original outlay for plant. $336, 155 77,202 45,000 38,280 31,625 21,000 20,568 16,809 w.esi 15,000 15,000 12,000 9,000 3 5,602 3,500 1,500 1,275 1,200 1,197 1,100 835 566 500 475 300 Amount (square yards) of repairing done dur- ing year. 1,283,488 (') 254,846 (?) 4,439 63,276 79,976 593,696 182, 770 21, 724 17,322 M,000 8,247 10,458 4,803 6,002 11,809 ^■^,457 4,164 (') '"i'l'sw I No record. 2 158,218 cubic feet of wear surface, 45,279 cubic leet of binder, and 16,084 cubic feet of concrete. ' Rented. Quarries operated hy cities. — ^A total of 20 cities each reported the operation of one or more quarries from which stone was taken to be used in highway work during 1909. Information with respect to these quar- ries and the number of cubic yards of stone removed during the year is shown in the following table. Fig- ures in itahcs are estimates. City num ber. 4 43 41 16 53 152 148 70 117 32 22 144 131 133 77 124 20 68 71 134 Total St. Louis, Mo , Nashville, Tenn... Oakland, Cal Washington, D. C. San Antonio, Tex.. Everett, Mass Auburn, N.Y Somerville, Mass. . . Rockford.ni Atlanta, Ga Louisville, Ky Quincy,Ill Augusta, Ga Newton, Mass Manchester, N. H.. Haverhill, Mass Kansas City, Mo. . . Duluth, Minn Kansas City, Kans. Dubuque, Iowa Num- ber. 31 Quantity (cubic yards) of stone re- moved. 313,211 64,628 64, 130 30,000 25,480 20,000 19,990 15,000 11,128 10,416 9,367 9,000 7,000 0,215 6,957 6,000 s,sse 2,678 2,100 864 714 Gravel pits operated hy cities. — A total of 15 cities each reported the operation of gravel pits from which grav6l was taken during 1909 for use in highway work. Information with respect to these pits and the quantity of gravel removed is shown in the following table. Figures in itahcs are estimates. City num- ber. 63 94 27 40 137 68 77 126 133 5 138 93 29 130 Total Tacoma, Wash San Antonio, Tex, Brockton, Mass. . . Denver, Colo Richmond, Va Kalamazoo, Mich . Lynn, Mass M^anchester, N. H. Pueblo, Colo Newton, Mass Boston, Mass Montgomery, Ala. Holyoke, Mass Columbus, Ohio.. Wheeling, W.Va. GBAVEL PITS. Num- ber. Quantity (cubic yards) of gravel re- moved. 132,439 36,493 $0,000 18.333 12,364 12,000 10,000 6,372 6,000 4,200 3,239 1,538 1,000 BOO 200 200 Statistics of sidewalks. — In many cities the local reo- ords of sidewalks were very imperfect. This was espe- cially true in the case of the sidewalks reported in Table 29, under the heading "All other," which in- cludes those made of gravel, cinders, and similar mate- rial. Table 29 gives the length in miles of the different kinds of sidewalks in the 97 cities reporting at the close of 1909, and the mileage laid during 1909. Many cities had no record of the length of sidewalks. In most such cities sidewalks were laid by the property owners, and not under the direction or supervision of the city. The mileage of sidewalks reported for some cities in which sidewalks are laid both by the city, and by property owners apparently includes only the length of sidewalks that have been laid by or under the super- vision of the city, and of which the city has a record. Sidewalks are usually laid upon one or both sides of the streets having a paved surface, and for most cities the length of sidewalk reported is more than twice as great as the length of paved streets, the excess repre- senting the sidewalks of the unpaved streets. The laying of the sidewalk on paved streets is usually con- temporaneous with the paving of the same, although in some cities there are many miles of sidewalk on unpaved streets. Under cement sidewalks have been included grano- hthic sidewalks and all other sidewalks in which Port- land or other cement has been used as a binder. The length and kind of sidewalks included in the column "All other" of Table 29 are shown in the following tables. Figures in itahcs are estimates. 76 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. LENGTH OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF SIDEWALKS IN CITIES. City num- ber. MILES IN LENGTH- At close of year. Laid dur- ing year. BEICK SIDEWALK. City num- ber. MILES IN LENGTH— At close of year. Laid dur- ing year. CINDER SIDEWALK. 100 102 113 116 119 120 121 125 129 130 135 142 146 147 148 152 153 157 Total Chicago, III Philaaelpliia, Pa St. Louis, Mo Cincinnati, Obio Washington, D. C Louisville, Ky Rochester, N. Y Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Omaha, Nebr Memphis, Tenn Ricbinond, Va Nashville, Tenn Cambridge, Mass Albany, N.Y Salt Lake City, Utah. St. Joseph, Mo Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Kansas City, Kans. . . Birmingham, Ala. Erie, Pa Peoria, III Fort Wayne, Ind Portland, Me Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla, Covington, Ky South Bend , Ind Altoona, Pa Little Rock, Ark Bay City, Mich Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. . . Topeka, Kans Pueblo, Colo McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va Butte, Mont Racine, Wis New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N. Y Everett, Mass Oshkosh, Wis Newport, Ky 4,3 6.0 1,160.0 mi.e 226.2 S90.0 eie.o 0.4 0.4 228.0 96.6 232.0 158.1 50.0 80.0 UB.O 0) 1.5 60.0 126. 6.. 2 23.0 126.0 ■200.0 0) 30.0 (■) 18.0 i.0 S7.1 6.0 2.0 70.0 IB.O 1S9.S 6.0 30.0 48.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 13.2 0.3 34.7 47.8 (') 0.9 2.4 0.2 16.1 5.1 2.6 0.9 3.3 5.0 0.9 1.2 0.1 1.0 26 28 37 40 67 09 84 105 110 130 133 139 148 151 152 0.9 3.3 0.5 49 67 79 121 0) 0.5 (') 0.2 16 28 31 37 70 79 101 Total Chicago, 111 St. Louis, Mo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Fall River, Mass Kansas City, Kans GRAVEL SIDEWALK. Total St. Paul, Miim Portland, Oreg Omaha, Nebr Richmond, Va Salt Lake City, Utah Houston, Tex Erie, Pa Pawtuoket, R. 1 Binghamtoii, N. Y Wheeling, W. Va Newton, Mass Woonsocket, R. I Auburn, N.Y Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass ASPHALT SIDEWALK. Total Philadelphia, Pa Portland, Oreg Spokane, Wash '. Salt Lake City, Utah Binniagham, Ala Topeka, Kans MISCELLANEOUS SIDEWALK. Total Philadelphia, Pa Washington, D. C Portland, Oreg Worcester, Mass Omaha, Nebr Somerville, Mass Birmingham, Ala Passaic, N. J 1,781.4 1,446.0 196.2 0.2 20.0 120.0 1.0 4.S 666.7 28.6 3.8 11.2 0.3 13.1 112.0 6.8 10.6 16.0 20.0 2.0 3.a 4.0 205,9 « ".« 0.6 141.S 42.4 1.0 24.9 1.0 0.6 11.0 6.5 2.9 S.O 534.6 4.1 3 30.0 tlO.O «293.7 '1.0 «40.1 9 89.4 10 70.4 3.3 0.8 1 Not reported. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 mUe. 3 Brick and stone. * Asphalt, tUe, and all other. » Bitulithio. • Gravel and cinder. ' Concrete. 8 Edgestone and gravel. » Stone. 10 Bluestone and concrete. Highway hridges. — The maintenance of bridges forms an important factor in the cost of the general highway service. Some cities have a large number of bridges to maintain, while others have few or none. It is reasonable to expect that the costs of highway main- .tenance should be somewhat greater in the former class of cities than in the latter. Considerable diffi- culty was experienced in obtaining data on bridges. Few cities had any tabulated information on the sub- ject, and many could not supply data as to the length and breadth of the same or the paving material used in construction. Bridges over 60 feet in length. — More detailed infor- mation was obtained relative to bridges over 60 feet in length than concerning those under that length, and Table 30 presents statistics with respect to such bridges. Included in the table are data relating to all bridges of this class within the limits of the cities covered by this report, or between the cities and other pohtical divisions, exclusive of bridges within park areas. MATERIAL OP 'WBICH BRIDGES ARE CONSTRUCTED. Total Steel or iron Wood Wood and steel or iron. . . Plain concrete Reinforced concrete Concrete and steel or iron. Stone Stone and steel or iron . . . Stone and wood Another NUMBER OF BRIDGES. 2,593 1,657 403 170 64 83 53 109 74 12 Of specified length in feet. 943 18 831 341 365 113 Length of all bridges (feet). 722,336 470, 136 89,470 52,939 13,204 22,913 13, 723 17, 978 23, 814 2,466 15,693 Area of all bridges (square feet). 33,122,146 23,035,825 2,716,208 2,260,186 616,955 1,118,171 681, 183 839, 172 1,060,027 69,699 724,820 HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 77 Bridges over 50 feet in length were reported by 140 cities; each of the cities of over 100,000 popu- lation, except Baltimore, Md., for which no report was obtained, reporting at least one. In the table which follows, bridges over 50 feet in length in the cities covered by the report are classified according to niaterial of which constructed and by length of bridge. The table shows that the length and area of steel and iron bridges form nearly two-thirds of the total length and area reported for all bridges. The following table shows the number of bridges over 50 feet in length constructed in part or wholly of concrete, reported by the cities covered by the report ia each of the five different geographic divisions, the bridges being classified according to the period in which constructed, as weU as by their type; whether plain concrete, reinforced concrete, or concrete and steel or iron : NUMBER OF BEIDGE3 CONSTEUCTED OF SPECIFIED MATERIALS. QEOGBAPHIC DIVISION. Concrete. Reinforced concrete. Concrete and steel or iron. Total. Before 1890. From 1890 to 1899. From 1900 to 1909. Not re- ported. Total. Before 1890. From 1890 to 1899. From 1900 to 1909. Not re- ported. Total. Before 1890. From 1890 to 1899. From 1900 to 1909. Not re- ported. United States 64 1 1 67 5 83 7 70 6 64 3 8 39 4 I. North Atlantic 30 5 23 1 5 1 1 26 6 20 1 6 2 3' 38 7 28 9 1 5 27 7 26 9 1 6 31 6 17 3 4 23 6 10 1 n. South Atlantic III. North Central. . 2 4 3 IV South Central V. Western Inspection of the above table brings out the inter- esting fact that nearly all concrete bridges have been constructed since 1900 and that most of them are in the cities of the North Atlantic and North Central divisions. Of the bridges for which figures are shown in Table 30, less than one-third exceeded 250 feet in length. The length given in each case is that stated in the city reports. For iron or steel bridges, in practically all cases the figures include the length, as furnished by the bridge contractor, of the iron or steel portion of the bridge. The length of the approaches to stone or con- crete bridges was excluded. The width of a bridge is the width between the railings or parapet walls. The total area was obtained for each bridge by multiplying the length by the width where such information could be obtained, or in case the bridge engineer could not supply such figures his estimate of the area was ac- cepted. In the grand and group totals of this table, data for bridges for Baltimore and for other cities from which only incomplete reports could be obtained have been excluded. Cost of bridge construction. — Several cities were un- able to supply information as to the cost of construct- ing their bridges, and for many the figures relating to such cost were very imperfect. In some cases the cost of abutments and approaches has been included with the cost of the bridge, and in a few cases also the cost of the land upon which abutments were built. The fig- ures in Table 30 for cities giving a confessedly incom- plete report carry a footnote to that effect. Bridges under 50 feet in length. — In Table 31 are pre- sented statistics of highway bridges under 50 feet in length, except those in park areas, in the cities covered by this report. Cities that had no bridges of this char- acter are omitted from the table. In view of the fact that it is sometimes difficult to differentiate shorter bridges from culverts, the Bureau of the Census instructed its agents in the preparation of this re- port to class as bridges only those structures whose surfaces formed some portion of the surfaces of streets, thereby excluding those structures which support the beds of roads without constituting a part of their surfaces. The table shows that nearly one-haM of the bridges less than 50 feet in length were constructed of wood and that nearly one-fourth were constructed of iron or steel, or the two in combination. Drawbridges. — Of the total number of bridges re- ported, 360 were returned as drawbridges. Of this number more than half were over 50 feet in length. Those reported for Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica, N. Y., and Dajrton, Ohio, were over canals. In the next table the drawbridges reported are classified by type into bascule or Hfting, turning, swivel, or swing, and all other. 78 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. City num- ber. NUMBER AND CLASS OP DRAWBRIDGES. Total. Bascule, or lift- ing. Turning; swivel, or swing. All other. City num- ber. NXWBEB AND CLASS OF DRAWBRIDGES. Total. Bascule, or lift- ing. Turning; swivel, or swing. All other. Grand total . 360 122 Group 1 Group II. . . Group III.. Group IV., 119 27 32 31 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER. New York, N.Y. Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass Cleveland, Ohio. . Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y.... San Francisco, Cal. Cincinnati, Ohio. . . Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N. J New Orleans, La. . . Washington, D. C. 35 4S 4 25 10 1 7 9 23 20 25 i 12 8 1 3 2 3 1 23 4 27 2 2 1 12 4 20 1 11 13 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000. Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I. Rochester, N. Y., Portland, Oreg. . . Toledo, Ohio Syracuse, N. Y... New Haven, Conn . . . Fall River, Mass Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich. Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000. Albany,N. Y Bridgeport, Conn. . . Hartford, Conn New Bedford, Mass. Camden, N.J Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del. Troy,N. Y , Tacoma, Wash Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Utica,N. Y Schenectady, N. Norfolk, Va Peoria, 111 Portland, Me GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000. 106 115 116 123 124 126 131 132 142 151 153 156 Saginaw, Mich Atlantic City, N. J. Bay City, Mich Maiden, Mass , Haverhill, Mass Salem, M:ass , Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis.. Racine, Wis Taunton, Mass. Oshkosh, Wis.. La Crosse, Wis. Elevated street railways. — The following exhibit shows the mileage of streets with elevated street rail- ways in the cities covered by this report. Only the mileage of the elevated railways over public highways is reported, and not the total mileage of such railways ia the given cities : City num- ber. Total New York, N.Y.. Chicago, 111 Boston, Mass Philadelphia, Pa. . Kansas City, Mo.. Hoboken, N. J Baltimore, Md Kansas City, Kans Total mileage. 81.07 46.14 117.31 8.57 4.55 2.11 1.00 0.70 0.69 1 Includes 6.24 miles in alleys. Steamr-railroad crossings. — In the table which fol- lows are shown the number of steam-railroad crossings at grade, the number and length of railroad bridges over highways, the number and length of steam- railroad tunnels, and the miles of streets traversed by steam-railroad tracks in the cities covered by this report. For several cities it was impossible to obtain the number of steam-railroad crossings at grade because of incomplete records. Within recent years a very large number of such crossings, especially ia the eastern cities of the country, have been abolished by means of bridges carrying the highways over the railroad tracks or the railroad tracks over the high- ways. Many of the railroad crossings at grade in Massachusetts cities have been abolished in this man- ner in recent years in consequence of a state law which requires a certain number to be abolished each year. The length of streets traversed by steam-railroad tracks includes only that of such streets open to public travel. These tracks are used principally in switching operations. HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 79 City num- ber. Grand total. Group I ... Group II . . Group III . Group IV . Num- ber of steam rail- road- cross- ings at grade. 10,084 2,428 3,023 2,225 2,408 STEAM EAII^ ROAD BRIDGES OVER HIGH- WAYS. STEAM RAIL- ROAD TUHNELS. Num- ber. 1,887 1,186 265 297 139 Total length (feet). 184,969 116, .577 26,227 28,682 13,483 Num- ber. 64 Total length (feet). 125,670 82,615 34,955 6,280 2,820 Length streets trav- ersed by steam rail- road tracks (miles). 407.3 101.0 92.9 109.5 103.9 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. NewYorlc N. Y.. Chicago, 111 PhUadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md . . , Cleveland, Ohio. Pittsburgh, Pa. . Detroit, Mich Buflalo,N.Y San Francisco, Cal . Cinciimati, Ohio... Milwaul:ee,'Wis.. Newarlt, N.J New Orleans, La. . Washington, D. C. 302 461 162 150 0) 48 127 107 260 241 41 133 79 31 275 11 119 504 216 5 25,938 33,264 20,524 300 6 23,866 13 1 "3 8,923 5,069 W 20,276 27 23 91 46 60 10 4 11 48 2,263 (') 6,370 7,420 6,608 1,171 8,000 COB S,S04 3 6,864 4 8,818 22 1,913 2 8,800 16.5 12.2 (') 23.7 « 18.3 2.0 2.0 3.5 4.2 11.8 o.e ■4.2 1.6 0) 0.6 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Minn . Los Angeles, Cal... Jersey City, N. J... Kansas City, Mo . . . Indianapolis, Ind. . . Louisville, Ky . . . Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I. Rochester, N.Y.. St. Paul, Minn. . . Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg. . . Columbus, Ohio.. Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass.. Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y NeVHaven, Conn . Scranton, Pa Paterson, N.J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass. Memphis, Tenn.. Richmond, Va . - . Oakland, Ca- 315 6 16 108 229 259 12 Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Term Lowell, Mass Cambndge, Mass Dayton, Ohio 742 80 37 297 24 19 85 12 36 54 129 1 146 58 27 17 1,197 1,280 50 1,558 1,839 (') 2,890 1,245 2,742 (.') (') 775 (') 120 540 200 1,050 300 640 5,790 3 118 12 720 3 160 4 (') 3 236 11,194 6,016 6,280 2,700 106 3,520 106 2,175 4,858 16.3 2 2.5 7.4 4.0 8.7 16.8 2.5 0) 4.6 1.0 1.1 (') «.« 4.0 2.0 7.1 1.4 2.0 0.3 0.3 1.2 GROUP III.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. -^ 49 50 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 58 69 60 61 62 63 64 66 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Albany, N.Y Bridgeport, Conn Spokane, Wash Hartford, Coim Reading, Pa Trenton, N.J San Antonio, Te.x New Bedford, Mass Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. . . Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo Troy, ^f. Y Yonkers, N. Y Tacoma, Wash Youngstown, Ohio. . Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somervillo, Mass — Kansas City, Katis. , Utica,N.Y Waterbury , Conn . . Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady, N. Y. Hoboken, N.J 70 7 28 24 105 91 158 65 14 15 15 170 12 58 37 16 20 (') 49 9 68 65 3 18 2 2 1,250 1,820 1,876 90 400 300 450 1,020 SOO 1,440 272 100 70 60 1,062 600 560 70 0) 76 289 1,0^0 1,200 450 370 1,584 1,320 2.0 O.S 0.2 0.2 0.7 4.9 1.6 8.3 25.0 4.8 1.4 4.1 0.4 0.4 3.3 1.8 City num- ber. 1.0 '6.' 2 Num- ber of steam rail- road cross- ings at grade. STEAM RAIL- ROAD BRIDGES OVER HIGH- WAYS. Num- ber. Total length (feet). STEAM RAr> ROAD TITNNELS. Num. ber. Total length (feet). Length of streets trav- ersed by steam rail- road tracks (miles). GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909— Continued. 87 97 98 99 108 101 102 103 104 105 Manchester, N. H . E vans viUe, Ind . . . Birmingham, Ala. Akron, Ohio Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex.. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Erie, Pa Savaimah, Ga Peoria, 111 Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind... Charleston, S. C Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind. . East St. Louis, m.. Holyyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla. . la City, Bayonne, N.J Covington, Ky South Bend Ind. Passaic, N. J Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala Allentown, Pa... Pawtucket, R. I. 31 44 42 65 30 (') 40 38 66 57 50 760 iSO 2,000 410 200 240 30 150 350 412 600 1,000 300 6,000 60 147 50 600 1,320 6.4 le.o 2.1 (') 1.5 "2.'2 1.0 2.0 e.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 4.0 GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 60,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, lU Binghamton, N. Y, Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa. . . Little Rock, Ark Springfield, Ohio. . . AtlanticCity, N. J. Bay City, Mich Rockford, HI York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal. . Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass. . Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britain, Coim.. Davenport, Iowa — McKeesport^ Pa Wheeling, W.Va... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis... Newton, Mass... Dubuque, Iowa. Butte, Mont 92 73 181 loe 12 20 102 12 79 Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich . Montgomery, Ala. Woonsocket, R. I. Galveston, Tex . . . Fitchburg, Mass.. Racine, Wis Elmira, N. Y Quincv, HI Knoxville, Tenn. New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N.Y WestHoboken, N. J.. JoUet,I!l Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshkosh, V/is Chelsea, Ma.s3 Joplin, lio La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 41 12 2 57 11 15 11 44 28 40 327 3 20 26 65 101 19 10 39 3 31 27 41 44 40 23 28 1 (■) 34 1 69 149 72 10 180 320 90 290 100 50 30 200 (■) 1,200 1,600 300 1,620 250 60 65 210 582 120 600 716 3.7 7.6 IS.O 4.0 0.3 1.0 2.0 16.0 1.3 0.5 2.5 1.6 3.0 4.4 180 $,776 400 0) 1.5 1.0 0.8 4.9 3.0 1.5 1,954 1.4 3.0 1.3 "i4.'6 0.5 2.5 1.0 0.6 ^l 2.8 0.5 S.O 2.0 1 Not reported. 2 Includes 1.6 miles of Pennsylvania elevated tracks. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. 80 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Subways and tunnels for street cars. — The information secured with reference to street car subways and tun- nels that were owned by the city is as follows : City num- ber. CITY. Mileage of sub- ways and tun- nels. Mileage of single track. Num- ber of sta- tions. Total cost of con- struction. Total bonded in- debtedness at close of year. Total 29.88 72.92 71 $67,024,576 §66,066,222 NewYork.N. Y 1 6 25.63 4.20 0.05 63.02 9.90 59 12 51,924,576 15,100,000 (') 49,966,222 16,100,000 138 Montgomery, Ala " 1 Not reported. The number of stations reported above does not necessarily include the number of station platforms, but the number of stations at different points on the car lines where the cars stop. Conduits owned by dty. — The length of conduits under the streets and alleys for wires owned by the city is as follows : City num- ber. 6 9 13 2 3 23 1 5 84 16 128 61 11 7 42 38 146 10 17 148 90 28 127 72 126 63 4 8 41 111 125 Baltimore, Md Detroit, Mich Milwaukee, Wis Chicago, 111 Philadeiphia, Pa Seattle, Wash New York, N.Y Boston, Mass Erie, Pa Washington, D. C. . . Davenport, Iowa Des Moines, Iowa San Francisco, Cal. . . Cleveland, Ohio Grand Eapids, Mich. Fall Eiver, Mass Newcastle, Pa Buflalo,N.Y Minneapolis, Minn. . . Auburn, N.Y Portland, Me Portland, Greg New Britain, Conn. . . Utica,N.Y Salem, Mass St. Joseph, Mo St. Louis, Mo Pittsburgh, Pa Oakland, Cal Lancaster, Pa Pueblo, Colo Total mileage. 1,541.00 120.75 109. 20 99.46 94.40 65.60 63.18 59.00 44.60 19.46 17.02 14.75 12.90 8.20 6.83 4.00 3.60 3.37 3.30 3.16 2.50 l.CO 1.60 1.00 1.00 .02 .m .20 .20 .20 .06 Mileage used exclu- sively by city. 19.70 120.75 109. 20 98.74 64.30 63.18 59.00 19.46 6.00 5.00 1.00 8.20 2.16 4.00 1.00 3.37 3.30 2.50 1.60 .00 .20 .20 Street lighting. — ^In Table 32 are shown the total payments for street lightiag ia each of the cities cov- ered by this investigation during the year 1909, and the cost of lighting per 1,000 square yards of improved streets and per capita. There are also shown the number of each kind of lamps, the cost per lamp per year, and the schedule number of hours the lamps were lighted during the year. The number of lights shown is in general exclusive of those in park areas. In a few of the larger cities, however, where the parking and boulevard systems have independent lighting equipments, the lights of the boulevards were con- sidered as forming a part of the street-lighting system. The rate per light per year is governed largely by local conditions under which or according to which the lighting is done. In some instances, the lighting companies install a specified style of supports for the lamps, or place their wires under ground or perform some particular service which affects the yearly rate charged to the city. Furthermore, the city some- times pays the expense of lighting the lamps, and in other cities this expense is borne by the companies furnishing the lights. The yearly rates per light are, however, of interest regardless of the differences in the extent and character of the lighting service. In using the yearly rates for lights as a basis for comparison between the payments of one city with those of another, it would be well to know the rates paid by private consumers in these cities. It is possible that in some of the cities enjoying low rates for street light- ing more than the average rate is charged for private lighting, the lighting company allowing a low rate for street lighting as a partial compensation for its fran- chise, and private consumers being charged a rate higher than would otherwise prevail. Therefore a knowledge of the rates charged private consumers is essential to an exact statement of the relative rates paid for the lighting service of the different cities. Some cities have a system of lighting the business districts which is particularly effective, and the credit for which is usually due to the local merchants who realize certain personal advantages from the plan in addition to its municipal benefits. This system ar- ranges clusters of three or four inclosed incandescent electric lights upon heavy pedestals 8 to 10 feet in height, three or four to the block on each side of the street in the business section of the city. The first city to install this system was Los Angeles, Cal. ; since then, several other cities have adopted it. The candlepower of an electric light depends not upon the amperage, but upon the number of watts of electricity consumed per hour; in this investigation, however, only the amperage of the lights was obtained. The number of cities in each of the four groups into which the 158 cities are arranged according to popu- lation, which in 1909 had lights of the kind indicated, was as follows : GROUPS or CITIES. Total Group I Group II-- - Group III.- OroupIV.. COMBUSTION LIGHTS. Flat flame. Wels- bach. Vapor and oil. ELECTKIC LIGHTS. Open aio. 32 In- closed arc. 137 Incan- descent. 17 40 27 HIGHWAYS AND GENERAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. 81 The following statement shows the number of cities using each specified style of lighting in 1909 and 1907, respectively : NDMBEK OF CITIES. 1909 1907 Flat flame 20 52 28 32 137 93 21 51 35 45 125 76 Welsbaoh Vapor and oil Open arc Inolosedarc Incandescent The statement here given indicates an increase in the general use of incandescent and inclosed arc lights. All of the cities reported either open or inclosed arc lights in both 1907 and 1909, but the relative number of cities using inclosed arc lights was considerably larger in the latter year. There was a very marked increase in the number of cities using incandescent lights for street lighting and in the number of these lights used. The latter fact is brought out by the following table, which gives the total number of lights of each kind reported in both 1907 and 1909: KIND OF LIGHT. Flat flame Welsbaoh Vapor and oil Open arc Inolosedarc Incandescent. NUMBER OF UGHTS. 1909 34,895 173,607 38,731 38,726 134,544 81,605 1907 40,549 163,309 45,618 44,760 110,033 48,044 Per cent of in- crease. 113.9 6.2 '15.1 113.4 22.3 69.9 1 Decrease. Docks and wharves. — In connection with the collec- tion of other data for highway statistics, census agents were instructed to report those relating to docks and wharves used by the city. A total of 14 cities re- ported the possession of such docks and wharves as follows. The figures in italics are estimates : City num- ber. 103 5 39 157 48 66 23 16 131 68 130 85 84 128 Total. Mobile, Ala Boston, Mass Memphis, Tenn. . . Newport, Ky Bridgeport, Conn . . Taooma.Waah Seattle, Wash Washington, D. C, Augusta, Ga Duluth, Minn Wheeling, W.Va.. Savannah, Ga Erie, Pa Davenport, Iowa.. DOCKS AND ■WHAEVES. Total number. (') Frontage (feet). 9,576 2,400 1,8S0 2,000 1,000 140 170 100 279 300 462 600 95 100 Total space (square feet) on wharves. 1,252,924 471,375 387,279 100,000 100,000 56,000 31,800 31, 380 24,500 23,000 9,S40 9,000 4,760 S,000 1,600 1 Not reported. The number of warehouses and square feet of floor ©pace in warehouses on the wharves given above was as foUows: City num- ber. CITT. Number of ware- houses. Area (square feet) of floor space. Total . 9 98,865 Mobile Ala . . . 103 4 2 1 1 1 51,375 22,500 85 ^If^varmniv (if\., , , 23 Seattle, Wash 20,000 66 4,750 131 240 92775°— 13- Part VI —STATISTICS OF SALARIES AND WAGES Contents of Table 33. — General Table 33 is arranged to present in a condensed form all facts ascertained by the agents of the Bureau of the Census concerning the salaries and wages of city employees engaged in the sewage-disposal service, the refuse-disposal service, the street-cleaning service, the dust-prevention service, and the general highway service. Salaries of the highest paid officials. — Attention has been called in the Introduction to this report to the fact that the construction, maintenance, and care of sewers and highways, including street cleaning and dust prevention, are very commonly under a common supervision, which in about one-half of the cities also extends over the collection and disposal of refuse. Under such circumstances the engineer or other ofl&cial in charge of sewers may also have charge of highway construction and maintenance, and also of the refuse- disposal, street-cleaning, and dust-prevention services; in such a case one individual is the highest paid official in two or more of the five services for which Table 33 presents statistics of salaries and wages. In cases of this kind the salary of such officer, instead of being divided among the dififerent services of which he is in charge, is assigned to the service claiming the greater part of his attention. It is believed, however, that there is a fair degree of comparability between the high- est salaries reported as paid in the three other services in the several cities. ; What has been said relative to the comparabihty of the salaries reported as paid to the highest salaried officers in the several services is also true, although to a somewhat less degree, in the case of the second highest paid officials. The average salary of the highest paid officials in the general highway service was $2,644 per annum, or higher than for any other service. In the sewer service the corresponding average was '$2,497; in street cleaning, $1,'673; in refuse disposal, $1,504; and in dust prevention, $1,350. A convenient summary of the average salaries of the highest paid officials of each service in the several geographic divisions is here pre- sented for 1909: AVERAGE SALARY OF HIGHEST PAID EMPLOYEE IN — GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Sewer service. Reluse- disposal service. Street- cleaning service. Dust-pre- vention service. General highway service. United States S2,497 $1,604 81,673 81,350 S2 644 North Atlantic 2,840 2,847 2,215 2,323 2,190 1,648 1,754 1,292 1,460 1,568 1,962 1,775 1,497 1,394 2,066 (') 1,200 1,040 1,440 1,800 2,694 2,782 2,662 2,266 3 298 North Central South Central Western ' Not reported. It is to be noted that while the cities in the Western division, according to this table, pay the highest, and the cities of the South Central division the lowest salaries to the heads of the general highway service, the cities of the Western division pay the lowest, and the cities of the North Atlantic division pay the highest salaries to the heads of the sewer service. It must not be thought, however, that the table furnishes a perfect index of the relative salaries paid in cities of the various geographic divisions to officials in charge of the serv- ices under discussion. The average salary reported as paid by cities in any division is necessarily affected by the prevailing method of governmental organization in that division. Thus the salaries paid in a given service in two divisions may differ widely as a result of the fact that in one division the service in question is ordinarily organized as an independent department; while in the other it is commonly a subordinate branch of another service. Without knowledge of these factors of organization, which can not be here pre- sented, an intelligent comparison of different divisions is impossible. There was great variation in the salaries paid to the highest-paid officials of the sewer service, even in the same section, as is shown by the fact that the salaries ranged from $720 per annum in York, Pa., to $8,000 in Philadelphia, Pa. It should be noted, however, that in almost all instances where the official in charge drew a salary of $1,200 or less per year, such official is a subordinate of some higher-paid official in another department, the sewer service being in these cases merely a subordinate branch of some larger depart- ment of city service. The lower average salary paid to the official in charge of the refuse-disposal service is explained in large part by the fact that an officer in imnaediate charge of refuse disposal is generally under the direc- tion of a higher-salaried official, the refuse-disposal service being in but comparatively few instances an independent division of government. In about one- half of the cities the service is under the supervision of the health department, and in the other half it is under the supervision of the highway department. The average salary paid to officials in immediate charge of the refuse-disposal service was $1,504. The highest average salary was paid by the cities of the South Atlantic division, and the lowest by the cities of the North Central division. The highest salary paid by an individual city was $7,000 per year by New York, N. Y., and the lowest was $600 per year, paid by Reading, Pa. Nine cities reported a salary of $2,400 and over; 2 cities paid a salary of $2,000; SALARIES AND WAGES. 83 46 cities paid from $1,000 to $2,000; 7 cities paid $720 per year or less. The average salary paid to the officials in immediate charge of street cleaning was $1,673. The highest salaries for this position were paid by the cities of the Western division, and the lowest by those of the South Central division. As in the case of the refuse- disposal service, the average salary paid in the street- cleaning service was unusually low when compared with that in the sewer and highway services. The highest annual salary for the official m charge of this service was $4,700, paid by the city of New York, and the lowest, $800, was paid by the city of York, Pa. Six cities, including New York, paid annual salaries of over $3,000; 10 cities paid salaries rangiag from $2,000 to $3,000; 51 cities paid salaries ranging from $1,000 to $2,000; while 6 cities paid salaries of $1,000 or less. The average salary paid to the official in charge of the dust-prevention service was less than that of any of the other services under discussion. The highest average salaries were paid by the cities of the Western division, and the lowest by 'the cities of the North Central division. Only 8 cities reported the salaries paid to the officials in immediate charge of the dust- prevention service. This is explained as in the case of the refuse-disposal and street-cleaning services by the fact that the official in direct charge was generally also the head of some other and more im- portant department of city service. In this connec- tion it is also interesting to note that but 8 cities reported the payment of a salary of $900 or over for the second highest-paid official in the dust-prevention service. The averages of the salaries paid to officials in charge of the general highway service were higher than in any of the other services covered by this investigation. The cities of the Western division paid the highest average salary, and those of the South Central division the lowest. The highest salary paid the official in charge of the general highway service was $7,500, paid by the city of Seattle, Wash., while 6 other cities paid a salary of $5,000. The lowest salary was $900, paid by the city of York, Pa. Sixteen cities paid from $3,000 to $4,000; 35 cities, from $2,000 to $3,000; 23 cities, from $1,500 to $2,000; and 6 cities, including York, Pa., paid $1,500 or less. Salaries of foremen and inspectors.- — The annual and daily salaries paid have been tabulated separately for aU cities and for all averages. The averages of those salaries are presented by geographic divisions for all of the five services covered by this report in the follow- ing table: AVEEAGE SALARY OF FOREMEN AND INSPECTOES. GEOGEAPHIC DIVISION. Sewer service. Eefuse- disposal service. Street- cleaning service. Dust-pre- vention service. General highway service. i < 1 >> n 1 n Utiea N Y 2.2 46.8 5.0 6.8 0.8 3.0 1.0 2.4 Tt 71 71.3 1.1 19.4 84.4 42.2 Y5 Schenectady, N. Y 79.8 15.4 1.1 76 77 Manchester, N. H 78 79 76.8 101.6 82.7 116.0 C) 19.4 6.8 8.0 4.0 SO Akron "(Dhiol . . 81 Norfolk, Va 8? Fort Worth, Tex S3 Wilkes-Barre, Pa 73.0 81.8 3.3 11.6 15.3 33.8 23.5 22.0 23.5 15.9 8.8 0.5 9.0 S4 1.2 SS 61.0 26.0 2.4 S6 Peoria, lU 94.5 63.4 90.0 87 0.1 4.0 S8 Fort Wayne, Ind 89 Charleston, S. C 5.4 22.2 65.1 90 49.7 56.9 51.0 43.9 0.3 91 Terre Haute, Ind 9? East St. Louis, III 91 Holyoke, Mass 1.5 16.1 0.7 94 57.8 3.6 9^; Xo^Tlst-'lWTl, Pa 38.0 12.0 4.6 31.5 54.8 61.3 9.6 0.9 8.0 2.6 7.0 4.6 12.5 0.9 10.7 96 63.3 92.1 8.0 49.0 97 Oklahoma City, Okia 9.0 9S 99 Covington, Ky 2.7 0.9 1.2 ion South Bend, Ind 101 Passaic, N. J 36.0 72.6 90.0 10!! Altoona, Pa 1.2 18.9 12.1 1.1 103 Mobile, Ala 3.7 104 AUentown, Pa 0.6 57.1 2.7 8.1 2.7 Ift'i Pawtuoket, R.I 1.1 1 Not reported. ' Includes expenses of pumping. » Includes value of pumping station and sewage-disposal plant. * Includes expenses of pumping and purification. s Includes value of sewage pumping plant, $33,210, and that of sewer farm dump, 813,812. Includes expenses of purification. GENERAL TABLES. 91 OF SEWER SYSTEMS: 1909— Continued. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 20. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] MILEAGE OF SEWEKS— continued. NXJMBEE OF MANHOLES. NUMBER OF CATCH BASINS. Num- ber of inverted siphons. Num- ber of storm- water over- flows. Num- ber of outlets. Cost, or replacement value, of system. EXPENSES OF nPEHATION AND MAINTEN-UfCE. Classified by construction material- Continued. Total. Per mile of sewer. Total. Per mile of sewer. Total. Per 1,000 population served. Per mile of sewer. .a Rein- forced concrete. Vitrified pipe. Cement pipe. All other. 3 GROUP III. -CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 0.1 00.9 29.0 62.8 55.6 101.8 70.3 91.1 66.7 0.9 60.0 0.6 1,866 1,750 (•) 1,600 950 779 1,400 244 1,839 1,525 1,218 1,880 1,680 1,315 1,443 716 i,m S,600 1,234 1,560 773 1,721 1,769 1,158 §!» 1,022 1,236 4£0 i,mo 600 1,500 ^50 212 1,312 ci 1,144 1^00 «686 J,000 700 873 (•) (') 800 700 1,415 1,293 466 260 660 1,618 1,500 1,559 2,000 2,151 660 ?!- 1,S00 600 14.8 17.1 31.6 18.4 6.7 2 33 25 B 4 1 1 1 48 18 9 1 1 20 14 8 19 13 9 8 8 9 57 14 9 7 8 12 11 5 14 16 2 2 5 4 11 8 2 16 63 1 2 25 4 4 7 10 31 8 5 8 30 6 13 4 6 1 11 Sll,531 9,500 7,066 2 15,674 < 67, 668 6,489 '9,840 24,611 6,008 6,642 2 21,396 2 12,764 9,299 17,238 815,932 25,613 10,604 11,119 4,502 17,729 10,170 15,545 < 23,641 35,084 3,275 6,651 18,069 6,297 11,857 11,474 6,733 3,489 7,122 6 10,918 234,394 6,765 8,906 3,058 9,050 7,912 20,093 4,4.56 2 8,416 19,328 6,060 2 14,289 4,451 n7,076 6,419 2 16,772 6,617 m 6,389 173 4,724 6 6,329 6,599 365 » 14, 754 $120.25 106.56 141. 12 160.66 880.81 108.16 145. 78 272.34 111.29 115. 73 329.17 154.02 164.98 210.22 26.5.53 320.16 160.09 168.84 75.03 291.60 169.60 272. 72 729 66 462.67 49.26 90.99 401.63 96.88 174. 37 220.19 96.65 151.70 158.27 272.95 818. 90 145. 56 178.12 50.97 226. 25 131.87 401.86 106.10 561.07 $113. 72 104.40 111.01 133.67 497.78 71.09 99.49 278.98 70.69 42.99 171.68 163.35 95.96 145.10 133.83 367.11 113.34 205.07 92.71 87.41 110.36 153.00 374. 36 349.90 44.05 73.75 336. 79 88.28 123. 18 692.36 67.90 82.60 74.06 100.72 379.21 56.85 121.95 37.41 117.53 81.67 316.77 49.51 119.38 268. 86 106.38 280. 18 98.13 231.04 168.92 228.84 38.58 47 26.0 29.4 15.0 1 $1,370,000 1,197,764 1,490,000 '1,395,000 48 2 30 7 5 49 ■• l.S 2.0 14.0 0.0 10 50 51 17.6 9.6 8.9 19.8 1.9 14.7 19.5 12.6 16.8 14.1 18.8 16.4 13.2 29.9 17.7 13.4 16.4 12.2 17.2 23.8 13.0 2 4 62 610,400 1,331,681 748,298 614,757 6 1,899,121 1,639,906 1,200,000 1,450,290 1,463,361 1,340,997 2,047,600 1,018,000 53 0.6 1.8 0.3 11.7 16.9 3.8 54 (') 65 126.6 113.4 62.4 77.6 64.5 96.8 49.1 35! 5 201.9 74.9 89.3 52.4 69.4 67.5 40.1 47.0 57.9 93.8 56 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 67 0.1 1.6 1,216 30 1,271 2,320 (' 1,000 1,500 S,500 840 503 1,665 760 1,961 660 (') 1,680 iso 8^0 1,423 1,027 2,500 800 %. 293 1,600 800 400 389 350 1,700 z 7,758 225 156 15.6 0.3 '""ii.'s' 18.2 24.8 S 68 1.0 24.5 1 1 59 16 2 11 60 61 . 0.1 2.1 0.2 1 62 63 (') 64 1.3 20.6 7.4 38.0 8.3 8.0 15.7 10.2 22.1 65 0.7 60 10 5 1,660,000 1,030,018 1,827,427 503,400 1,233,725 800,000 929,964 1,347,000 969,219 1,192,000 66 67 1.0 6.8 68 0.3 7 2 69 71 31.8 1.5 0.3 4 72 73 2 ■ 0.9 0.4 3.2 0.2 13.2 62.8 14.6 9.9 13.0 4.6 16.6 2.1 2.9 16.0 4.1 28.9 2.8 5.6 76 69.8 28.2 75.9 95.8 9«.0 115.0 69.7 69.1 60.9 63.1 34.1 68.0 47.0 36.8 48.1 60.6 34.7 68.4 37.1 66.3 134.0 23.5 46.6 47.6 44.2 62.0 105.2 6.9 47.8 2 861,150 642,073 636,127 792,311 9 942,964 555,000 647,000 999,180 680,000 1,762,403 77 1.7 39.8 0.4 4.2 9.3 78 3 4 79 80 3.0 0.5 i-0 0.2 1 82 2 84 86 Og" 11.0 18.5 10.6 39.4 8.9 ■■■'17.0' 5.2 29.4 17.6 5.4 10.2 4.8 11.7 12.7 12.4 126.0 4.9 2.1 0.4 1.3 11.8 10 1 6 6 87 20.0 1,973,9.50 88 89 ""i6.'2' 2.7 543,'ii2' 16 4,750 648,419 1,172,680 93,000 644,825 675,000 416,000 687,379 ira.'se' 317.63 80.93 426.90 213.97 419.30 160.49 90 91 19.6 15.4 11.8 92 93 94 1.0 1.9 7 «2 2 95 2 3 96 . 6.6 22.2 25.8 21.1 10.2 3.5 6.0 97 98 1.0 182. 54 6.18 118.10 140.64 149.31 730.00 368.85 116.62 2.82 103.51 85.76 51.41 28.74 258.62 99 100 o.'s" 2 4 408,467 707,000 462,000 106,000 1,131,263 101 102 lOJ 104 6."i 0.4 26.' e' ■■"19.2' 5 105 I Population of April 16, 1910; estimate can not be made for 1909. » Less tlian one-tenth of 1 mile. 16 Value of pumps only. 92 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 1 SEWERS— GENEBAL STATISTICS [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically 'by states, with the numher assigned to each, see CITY. POPULATION. Area (acres) served by sewer system (estimate). MaEAGE or SEWEES. 1 Total. Served by sewer system (estimate). Total. Classified by character. Qassifled by construction material. a Sanitary. Combined. Storm- water. Stone. Briok. Brick and con- crete. Brick and stone. Con- crete. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 49,929 48,927 48,806 48,799 47,483 46,716 46,690 44,844 44,683 44,613 44,492 44,240 43,702 43,635 43,634 43,631 43,330 43,280 43,005 42,999 42,626 42,523 42,495 42,032 41,396 40,899 39, 695 39,280 39,065 38,669 38,134 37,999 37,888 37, 060 8 36,981 36,978 36,976 36,916 36, 667 36,017 35,620 36,602 34,283 34,268 34,198 33,678 33, 712 32,615 32,452 31,935 30, 176 30, 130 26,235 46,000 32,000 30,000 20,000 40,000 36,000 22,000 38,000 18,000 (') 30,000 27,840 (=) 36,000 38,000 25,000 36,000 33,600 35,000 35,000 (^) 35,000 25,000 35,000 40,000 35,000 32,000 30,900 29,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 30,000 19,000 32,400 26,000 30,000 36,000 16,000 32,000 30,000 30,000 28,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 32,000 27,600 32,000 20,000 18,000 15,000 6,000 4,000 3,964 6,000 3,269 3,787 1,920 2,864 4,760 2,400 94.3 97.6 126.4 61.5 62.7 43.0 77.8 64.0 31.6 94.3 25.6 9.8 14.0 6.8 107 Canton, Ohio . .. 75.3 94.0 22.3 32.4 108 Wicliitji., KarMS 109 Springfield, 111 61.5 5L6 43.0 17.4 37.8 110 Bmghamton, N, Y 1.1 11.1 12.0 5.6 1.0 2.8 111 11? Sioux City, Iowa 42.8 62.0 17.4 17.6 2.0 1.5 113 Little Rock, Ark LO 114 12.7 3.2 ITi Atlantic City, N. J 116 Bay City, Mich 4,500 ■2,155 2,000 2,600 2,478 2,880 2,600 2,060 2,176 6,120 m 3,200 2,600 1,400 1,000 2,200 8,000 4,464 2,800 1,799 m 3,912 3,424 1,877 1,685 1,600 2,300 3,500 1,800 1,266 4,000 1,446 4,896 626 1,500 2,000 1,330 3,011 1,400 1,120 1,950 640 1,000 103.1 65.1 46.0 61.9 74.2 S7.i 64.9 73.1 46.9 89.4 60.8 86.9 71.6 33.2 43.8 63.5 66.6 164.6 4L4 33.9 32.5 71.7 89.7 18.6 36.8 40.3 67.2 49.6 34.7 54.2 62.3 73.9 85.9 20.2 36.0 29.1 54.7 73.0 37.3 32.4 28.9 27.6 21.0 103.1 18.1 117 Bockford, HI 63.5 41.0 50.7 16.1 1.6 6.0 8.5 118 York, Pa 1.2 2.8 13.2 6.0 7.1 1.1 8.0 4.3 3.3 12.5 4.9 4.3 3.0 23.0 20.0 16.9 1.4 2.1 22.0 0.1 6.9 1.0 119 Lincoln, Nebr 2.7 58.1 S7.i 64.9 0.3 0.2 nn 1?1 Topeirfi, i^Ri"^ . KO 2.1 10.2 12? 191 Maiden, Mass 62.3 3.6 79.6 20.8 L2 124 Haverhill, Mass 41.1 9.8 50.8 1.0 1?') Pueblo, Colo 1?fi 1?7 "NTftTV Rrit.5^iTi, r.oTin , 6i.3 26.6 2.1 0.1 1.1 1?S 69.6 33.1 43.8 63.6 56.6 0.8 1?9 McKeesport, Pa nn WheeUng, W. Va 131 Augusta, Ga 13? Superior, Wis 133 107.9 31.3 26.9 66.6 10.1 7.0 2.9 6.6 4.6 («) 0.1 134 Dubuque, Iowa 13"; Butte, Mont 136 Chester, Pa 32.5 137 52.8 53.4 18.5 30.3 18.9 36.3 3.6 1.6 138 Montgomery, Ala 139 Woonsocket, B.I 140 Galveston, Tex 2.0 40.3 67.2 49.6 32.2 ' 4.5 2.1 141 4.6 6.5 5.8 7.4 2.3 1.0 U' Baoine, Wis 143 Elnura,N. Y 144 Quincy , HI 2.5 11.3 8.3 eo.o 1.0 2.1 I'll! K'TlO'TVille, TptiTi 42.9 54.0 BS.9 S.9 0.2 146 New Castle, Pa 147 148 Auburn, N. Y 8S.0 20.2 35.0 S.S 16. 6 6.0 149 West Hoboken, N. J IW Joilet.m 5.0 rf ^m 27.2 42.3 1.9 11.4 9.1 3.5 ii? Everett, Mass 1.0 73.0 35.5 11.4 I'll Oshkosh, Wis m 114 Chelsea, Mass 1.8 0.4 i.w 32.0 0.3 1.6 2.8 0.2 0.1 1S6 La Crosse, Wis 28.9 27.6 14.0 1.'i7 0.6 5.0, 1.W South Omaha, Nebr 7.0 1 Includes expenses of pumping. 2 Not reported. 8 Includes expenses of purification. * Sewer system owned by private corporation. '^ Sewer system not in use, as state laws proliibit tlie pollution of Codorus Creek, into which tlie system discharged c Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. GENERAL TABLES. OF SEWER SYSTEMS: 1909— Continued. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 20. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 93 MILEAGE OP SEWERS— continued. NUMBER OF MANHOLES. NUMBER OF CATCH BASINS. Num- ber of inverted siphons. Num- ber of storm- water over- flows. Num- ber of outlets. Cost, or replacement value, of system. EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. Classified by construction material- Continued. Total. Per mUeof sewer. Total. Per mile of sewer. Total. Per 1,000 population served. Per mile of sewer. 1 Rein- forced concrete. Vitrified pipe. Cement pipe. AU other. a o GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 61.8 87.8 112.4 23.7 41.6 30.0 72.2 62.0 25.6 0.1 358 1,305 2,035 782 m 1,008 960 200 3.8 13.4 16.1 3,164 660 1,100 s,m 1,264 m 897 8 800 33.5 6.8 8.7 63.1 23.8 t^' 23 1 2 2 18 4 7 17 6 49 36 49 4 9 10 ^^6 3 2 2 17 34 69 7 9 9 1 2 22 9 14 1 14 21 26 2 7 4 26 5 3 2 200 5 6 64 10 1 3 13 3 $1,112,970 634,810 819,827 928,100 1 $3,473 '8,929 7,617 8,595 7,668 111,720 >2,004 4,601 $77.18 279.03 250.57 429.75 191. 70 $36.82 91.46 59.49 139. 78 146. 4S lOfi 4 107 108 109 0.1 1.0 14.8 1 8 3 iin 111 0.1 12.9 15.0 6.3 11.6 0.1 26.3 7 405,672 150,000 512,000 632. 73 62.74 255.61 150.67 31.31 146.37 112 5 4 113 114 115 4.0 80.2 65.1 44.8 58.1 61.0 80.4 52.9 61.8 36.9 84.9 34.1 73.3 65.5 28.9 40.8 40.5 36.3 140.1 33.5 31.7 10.3 68.0 81.3 17.5 92.0 35.7 30.7 40.7 25.2 60.3 61.3 7S.9 66.0 14.2 30.0 20.0 39.8 20.2 37.3 32.0 27.0 24.0 16.8 0.8 371 495 «884 1,30« 700 607 .1,S7S 728 480 904 1,100 850 570 215 W 769 3,496 769 350 400 548 600 672 507 997 769 650 821 954 360 949 »320 440 1,960 484 655 1,253 400 350 355 873 BBO 3.6 9.0 1,600 228 «250 750 600 843 500 1,560 197 660 604 SM 600 158 1,798 878 2,404 650 213 639 1,000 m 348 800 1,100 1,601 230 780 98 1,080 600 420 1,960 660 623 50 915 456 750 15.6 4.1 20 6 109, 262 54,286 480,000 360,000 975,000 706,903 732,234 702,848 4,104 9,917 3 1,636 7,573 3,663 1,400 133,800 12, 963 3,277 6,760 1 11,318 3 9,608 6,488 10,898 6,458 3,413 16,807 41, 976 6,479 4,662 7,095 9,219 1,990 '12,047 8,648 4,536 3,247 5,276 1,448 789 4,615 3,899 3 2,532 1,816 2,195 6,959 11,177 • 1,017 16,609 40 1,481 2,427 1,650 136.80 356.21 216.37 96.39 56.00 965.71 385.51 93.63 193. 14 &V5I 259.62 311.37 161.45 97.51 493.97 1,358.45 223.41 165.40 283.80 460.95 66.33 634.05 266.91 174.46 108.23 150. 74 96.63 24.66 153.83 129.97 90.43 60.63 109.75 695.90 349.28 36.98 487.78 2.00 82.28 161.80 275.00 39.81 180. 11 35.57 122. 42 49.37 16.02 520.72 177. 10 71.36 75.57 222.75 110^66 90.65 328.66 147.61 53.73 279.32 255.22 166.35 137.64 218.04 128.52 22.19 651.19 234.87 112.58 48.30 106.37 41.73 14.56 74.07 62.78 29.48 90.03 62.71 238.89 204.44 13.93 418.47 1.23 51.32 87.81 78.67 116 1 1 117 118 0.5 14.3 17.5 8.0 9.4 18.8 15.9 5.4 17.8 12.7 11.9 17.2 4.9 4.0 10.1 6.9 13.0 6.8 34.0 2.2 12.8 6.8 4.5 18.1 3.6 28.3 15.5 14.6 16.7 6.3 1 119 120 (') 121 2.8 20 122 123 4 124 0.2 3.7 905,000 125 2.9 6.8 6 3 126 1,218,328 671,366 476,000 1,052,000 782,234 962,629 1,922,477 129,962 472,054 127 0.3 0.1 128 129 130 131 1.3 13.6 21.3 18.6 10.3 12.3 7.6 6.6 36.3 13.8 24.7 11.4 13.1 23.7 17.6 5.8 12. S 3.7 21.8 66.0 16.6 12.0 17.2 10.7 10.8 12.3 31.6 11.9 132 5 3 133 134 136 0.2 1 2 136 8.9 11.2 137 295,046 447,762 285,166 400,046 600,000 233, 152 201,100 440,034 624,000 335,000 508,407 138 6 139 2.7 9.6 19.9 16.4 32.3 6.6 14.4 1.6 14.6 7.0 20.8 56.0 18.9 9.6 14U 141 30.0 3.1 2 2 142 143 144 1.4 145 146 14V 4 148 149 476,000 451,000 577,825 300,000 150 1 1 7 151 152 52.1 0.7 8 15 1 5 164 1.5 31.7 16.4 35.7 260,000 330,000 375,000 280,000 155 l^ 0.3 6."2' 157 1,58 ' Includes expenses of pumping and purification. > Population for April 15, 1910; estimate can not be made. » No record of manholes buUt prior to 1906. 94 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 2 — SEWERS— MILEAGE AT CLOSE OP YEAR, CLASSIFIED BY CHARACTER AND BY MATERIAL OF WHICH CONSTRUCTED: 1909. [For a list oJ ttie cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 8S. For a text discussion of this table, see page 24. Figores printed in italics are estimates.] Total. MILEAGE or SEWEES. Sanitary. Total. Brick.' Vitri- fied pipe. All other. Combined. Total. Brick.' Con- crete.2 Vitri- fied pipe. All other. Storm-water. Total. Brick.' Con- crete.2 Vitri- fied pipe. All other. Grand total.. Group I Group II Group III Group IV NewYork, N.Y... Chicago, 111 Philaaelphia, Pa. . . St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa Detroit, Mich Bufialo.N.Y San Francisco, Cal. Ciacinnati, Ohio. . . Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N.J New Orleans, La. . . Washington, D. C. 24,971.9 5,268.3 263.2 111.7 18,361.5 6,027.2 192.0 11,099.6 1,042.7 1,352.1 321.7 76.1 861.0 10,973.7 6,094.4 4,831.2 3,072.6 789.6 1,404.4 1,831.5 1,232.9 106.4 62.6 61.6 42.6 626.1 1,318.6 1,766.8 1,182.9 58.0 23.2 23.1 7.4 9, 834. 3 4,406.8 2, 616. 5 1,505.9 3,960.6 1,155.6 634.3 276.8 73.6 65.5 26.3 26.6 8,290.6 2,922.7 1,792.3 1,094.0 509.5 262.1 162.6 108.5 349.9 284.2 384.2 333.8 98.9 62.6 94.6 66.6 3.2 24.4 25.0 23.5 190.9 247.8 233.1 93.3 56.9 8.0 16.8 11.6 GEOUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1,907.9 1,837.0 1,185.1 649.0 765.6 77.4 629.2 642.2 631.6 507.8 358.9 326.6 419.4 269.0 426.0 543.4 146.8 6.5 97.1 19.1 4.0 2.7 58.9 325.6 46.7 1.8 0.2 74.8 10.2 6.6 6.4 6.4 125.0 6.3 22.3 70.2 4.0 2.7 52.3 315.9 26.4 20.0 1.7 19.1 3.3 X3.9 1,738.7 1,822.9 990.9 649.0 588.3 77.4 491.0 638.2 631.6 507.0 353.1 326.0 419.4 204.1 627.2 621.2 946.9 271.3 73.3 34.7 294.7 78.7 392.7 167.0 113.5 68.2 123.8 65.9 19.4 16.0 1.8 0.6 6.4 12.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.1 15.9 636.2 1,186.7 43.2 369.3 502.3 27.4 182.1 458.6 237.9 336.9 224.6 255.8 295.6 137.5 397.6 7.8 12.7 2.1 0.4 3.2 14.2 2.0 8.7 22.4 7.6 97.1 5.2 19.1 3.1 6.0 99.4 12.2 3.1 74.8 7.9 1.0 10.0 4.5 22.3 75.0 2.1 2.0 76.0 12.3 19.1 1.1 24.4 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Minneapolis, Minn 267.4 439.0 126.5 364.5 267.3 162.3 247.2 228.8 266.0 281.4 429.3 189.0 207.3 231.4 192.3 161.2 164.8 116.0 110.9 84.6 182.4 71.4 277.2 106.8 239.0 178.5 98.5 105.5 140.6 197.5 6.5 418.6 "'23.'5' 6.5 386.6 "'s's' 250.9 104.7 7.2 100.4 38.6 IS Los Angeles, Cal 20.4 4.0 5.0 5.2 2.8 6.7 10 9 It 122.5 349.6 239.1 152.3 247.2 217.8 265.8 267.7 3.6 189.0 187.5 231.4 64.8 161.2 162.2 116.0 110.9 82.6 130.6 71.4 71.7 74.9 80.6 69.4 15.6 68.8 25.7 33.6 3.6 19.5 78.6 148.0 18.6 19.2 36.3 42.3 6.6 21.3 22.7 21.5 1.6 18.0 3.4 "'h'.i' 47.8 269.6 153.0 74.9 228.2 149.0 166.9 185.2 3.0 3.7 4.0 4.0 ?n 1.4 0.4 3.2 6.2 ■'1 Indianapolis, Ind 13.0 13.0 ?? LouisviUe, Ky ?s Seattle, Wash V4 10.8 0.2 1.6 91.7 7.6 1.0 2.3 0.2 1.6 70.3 w Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Mhm 74.2 43.3 ?« 12.1 334.0 10.0 12.1 324.0 V7 Denver, Colo 21.4 ?« "'3.7' 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.9 169.3 108.9 79.6 45.6 141.5 s 112.0 0.2 W 19.6 6.2 14.4 0.2 0.2 ' J Sani- tary. Com- bined. Storm- water. City employees. Contractors. 1 Total. Brick. Con- crete. Rein- forced con- crete. Vitri- fied pipe- All other. Total. Brick. Con- crete. Rein- forced con- crete. Vitri- fied pipe. AU other. GROUP IV.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 60,000 IN 1909. 2.4 8.8 31.8 1.2 4.1 8.0 8.3 8.0 14.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 6.3 1.1 4.3 9.8 2.6 0.4 3.9 4.0 5.9 1.9 0.1 0.6 2.0 0.6 2.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 5.3 5.3 0.2 7.0 2.1 0.6 2.1 0.7 8.8 2.9 16.1 0.2 1.2 1.4 0.4 2.8 1.6 2.9 0.6 1.7 ""h'.'s 2.7 ""h'.V 8.0 14.7 2.4 1.0 5.3 "i.'s' ""2'5' 5.0 2.4 ...... 3.0 8.0 2.4 8.8 31.8 1.2 4.1 8.0 8.3 8.0 14.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 5.3 1.1 4.3 9.8 1.2 1 2.4 8.8 20.8 1.2 4.0 3.0 8.0 8.0 14.7 1.2 2.4 1.8 5.3 0.3 3.3 7.0 0.9 107 108 3.0 29.1 . i 1 11.0 1 1.1 0.1 0.2 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 IKt 4.8 0,3 1.6 Tit+lATlnPb- Arlr 2.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 4.3 9.8 ■■"o.i" 1.4 4.0 ■■■'ois' 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.9 Maiden, Mass 0.8 0.3 i.4 0.4 i.4 0.4 124 Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo ■(') 3.9 3.9 126 127 128 129 130 131 1ft? Salem, Mass New Britain, Conn Davenport, Iowa 0.9 1.1 0.1 4.0 5.9 1.2 "'b.h 1.1 6.2 3.5 4.8 0.7 6.'7" 0.1 ■■'o.'?' 0.1 Wheeling, W. Va Augusta, Ga ""i.'s' 0.5 0.1 2.7 2.9 0.2 5.0 ""s.i 2.5 0.4 ...... ^ 0.4 ■■"'i.'s' 0.6 2.0 0.6 ■■■■6.'2' ........ 0.6 2.1 0.7 15.5 0.2 1.2 2.8 ■■"■2'9' 0.6 1.7 0.6 2.0 0.6 2.0 0.6 133 Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester Pa 6.5 0.1 0.1 2.6 2.4 ■'io' 5.'3' 0.4 0.2 ■"'o.'i' 2.3 6.'6' 0.2 0.2 s.'s' 0.2 7.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 8.1 2.9 16.1 0.2 1.2 2.8 1.6 2.9 0.6 1.7 0.2 ■"i.'s' ■■"6.'i' 0.5 0.2 ' " 6.'2' 5.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 8.0 2.9 16.1 0.2 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 5.3 ........ ■■"'i.'s" ""'o!?' 1.5 3.8 ""i'.i' "'i.'s' ■■"6.'7' "6."2 Kalamazoo, Mich Montgomery, Ala Woonsocket, B. I Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass Racine, Wis Elmira,N.Y Qnincy , 111 Knoxville, Term New Castle, Pa Aubum,N.Y WestHoboken, N.J Joliet, 111 Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshkosh.Wis Joplin, Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr "5.'3 148 149 150 151 162 153 165 166 157 158 0.4 C..'... "i.'i 0.4 "■ 6."2' (') 0.1 "i.'s' "'oii' 0.1 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. 100 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 4.— SEWERS— EMPLOYEES AND EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: 1909. PART I.— CITIES HAVING NO CITY EMPLOYEES ENGAGED ON SEWER CONSTRUCTION WORK. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 27. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] Total mileage of sewers. AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. All classes. Total. f Per 10 miles of sewers. Per 10,000 popula- tion served. Super- intend- ents and en- gineers. Fore- men and in- spectors. Mechan- ics and skilled laborers. Team- sters. Un- skilled laborers. AU others. EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. Total. Per mile of sewer. Per 1,000 popula- tion served. Grand total Group I Group II Group III Group IV 17,925.1 4,524 2.3 3.1 778 358 1,908 231 $3,917,679 $223.88 7,326.3 4,715.3 3,650.3 2,234.2 2,573 774 725 452 2.5 1.6 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.7 5.0 462 107 119 90 144 103 72 191 74 57 36 277 79 101 34 1,019 348 333 208 185 22 12 12 2,570,578 602,442 603,462 241,197 350. 92 137.99 139.12 110.08 $251.22 274.80 215.06 212.81 221.80 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OE OVER IN 1909. NewYork, N. Y Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. . Manhattan Borough Queens Borough Richmond Borough. Philadelphia, Pa St. Louis, Mo Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh^ Pa Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Francisco, Gal Cincinnati, Ohio Milwaukee, Wis Newark,N. J 1,907.9 283.3 830.3 523.3 196.0 75.0 1,185.1 649.0 529.2 542.2 631.6 507.0 358.9 326.0 419.4 269.0 1,306 6.8 3.0 224 231 48 185 562 55 284 10.0 7.1 67 63 6 45 82 21 448 5.4 3.2 77 64 20 65 202 20 296 5.7 1.3 17 49 13 64 145 8 184 9.3 12.3 39 37 9 2 92 5 '93 11.1 18.8 '24 18 9 41 1 262 217 2.2 3.3 1.9 4.7 76 30 89 35 6 3 91 9 24 lie 125 2.4 2.4 13 29 3 14 56 10 3 34 0.6 0.7 3 3 6 8 14 (>) 32 97 0.5 1.9 0.7 2.5 23 39 9 23 18 6 3 8 215 6.0 6.5 16 14 13 25 141 6 75 2.3 2.6 4 7 32 4 28 155 3.7 4.4 28 8 60 9 57 3 56 2.5 2.2 6 5 24 6 13 3 1 $1,410,173 163,680 198,472 64,074 50,245 5 55,902 257,007 66,295 8 142,294 •112,688 $739.14 138.03 305.81 121.07 92.67 88.51 98.33 716.16 203.33 339.31 418.88 $329.^ 116.84 339.27 121.73 100.49 125.69 130.94 778.81 225.86 406.65 432.65 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind. . . Seattle, Wash Providence, E. I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Miim Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Atlanta, Ga Syracus6,N. Y New Haven, Conn. . Scranton, Pa Paterson, N. J Richmond, Va Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich Nashville, Tenn Dayton, Ohio 439.0 126.5 354.5 257.3 247.2 228.6 266.0 281.4 429.3 189.0 207.3 231.4 161.2 164.8 116.0 110.9 84.6 106.8 239.0 178.6 98.5 197.5 50 324 3 32 53 3 31 3 136 3 106 43 3 26 m 61 39 327 8 24 3 19 21 5 21 33 3 32 31 3 17 1.1 1.9 0.9 2.1 1.3 5.9 4.0 1.5 0.6 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.4 2.1 7.0 5.0 5.1 1.7 8 2 6 3 (») '15 8 41 2 10 «2 2 2 (=) 4 '1 2 2 P) '5 17 2 7 20 4 12 845 4 2 (») 2 1 1 3 '3 3 7 3 23 3 6 3 W 2 w h 3 6 2 21 17 14 17 24 74 2 27 18 P) 25 3 19 6 15 12 9 14 9 15 1 2 6 (?) 11 5 4 1 10 3 P) 6 P) 16 5 5 2.9 0.4 1.7 0.5 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.8 0.1 0.9 4.1 0.6 3.4 0.7 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.1 4.0 0.1 3.4 4 1 3 6 8 3 1 1 2 1 10 6 4 6 P) 2 2 7 $28,246 42.288 '683 39,901 1131,591 19,285 131,331 25,229 36,673 1 60,735 9,947 13,944 22,214 20,248 21,756 11,165 17,113 23,631 s 17, 628 383 « 12,018 $64.34 334.40 1.93 155.08 106.91 575.74 72.50 111.34 58.77 194.01 244.69 42.99 86.60 134.79 174.63 196. 12 132.05 160.25 98.87 98.73 3.89 60.86 $137.79 192.22 3.21 177.34 176.22 678.30 91.83 368.60 168.19 209.56 66.31 174.30 183.59 202.48 255.95 116.30 178.26 223.86 220.35 6.47 237.74 1 Includes expenses of pumping and purification. 2 Not reported. ' Incomplete. ' Some employees engaged on sewer work reported with employees of another department. s Reported with employees of another department. 1 1ncludes expenses of pumping. ' Part of expenses of sewers is included with those of street cleaning. ' These employees are also in charge of all highway work. GENERAL TABLES. 101 Table 4.— SEWERS— EMPLOYEES AND EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: 1909— Continued. PART I.— CITIES HAVING NO CITY EMPLOYEES ENGAGED ON SEWEE CONSTRTTCTION WORK— Continued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion ol this table, see page 27. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 47 4S 49 50 61 52 53 55 56 57 61 63 64 65 67 Albany, N.Y Bridgeport, Conn. Spokane, Wash. . . Hartford, Conn. . . Beading, Fa 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 80 84 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 95 96 97 100 101 102 104 Trenton,N. J San Antonio, Tex Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah . Des Moines, Iowa St. Joseph, Mo Troy,N.Y Yonkers.N. Y Tacoma, Wash Yotmgstown, Ohio. Duiuth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass . . . Kansas City, Kans. Utica,N.Y Waterbury.Conn.. Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady N. Y. Hoboken, N. J Evamsville Ind... Birmingham, Ala. Akron, Ohio Erie, Pa Peoria, HI Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind Charleston, S. C Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind East St. Louis, lU Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla. Bayonne, N.J Covington, Ky... South Bend, Ind. Passaic, N.J Altoona, Pa AUentown, Pa... Total mileage of sewers. AVERAGE NtJMBEE OF EMPLOYEES. All classes. Total. Per 10 miles of sewers. Per 10,000 popula- tion served. Super- intend- ents and en- gineers. Fore- men and in- spectors. Mechan- ics and skilled laborers. Team- sters. Un- skilled laborers. All others. EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. Total. Per mile of sewer. Per 1,000 popular tion served. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 101.4 91.0 63.6 116.6 116.8 91.3 98.9 70.8 131.2 124.7 119.0 93.6 64.2 48.6 202.8 92.2 101.6 63.2 100.3 74.3 53.6 71.3 96.3 19.4 42.2 96.2 108.4 81.8 63.4 90.0 70.5 71.9 66.9 51.0 38.0 73.3 146.6 31.5 64.8 61.3 46.6 73.8 12.7 ■12 >14 109 20 13 •■19 13 26 20 116 19 17 9 14 16 113 14 114 19 11 27 112 13 23 16 16 32 11 114 14 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 2.3 9.1 2.1 2.4 1.2 0.9 1.4 2.6 3.2 1.6 1.2 1.0 6.3 1.7 1.7 3.1 1.7 0.9 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 L9 1.3 1.9 6.3 3.2 1.8 1.6 6.1 2.7 5.2 2.4 1.9 3.1 1.7 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.3 4.5 18.2 2.8 1.9 1.0 3.1 2.2 4.6 6.2 2.1 1.4 1.2 7.6 1.8 2.4 1.2 3.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 2.2 9.3 (') 3.1 6.0 4.0 3.3 7.6 5.0 4.3 11.4 2.8 3.1 80.0 3 m m m m (^) 2 31 1 1 1 3 1 2 i |iESyLTigaleTo°Jsre'?tv^oK^ « Includes expenses of pumping. (.') m (.') m (') m m 811,631 9,600 7,056 « 16,674 6 67,668 6,489 9,840 6,008 5,642 4 21,396 8 15,932 10,604 11,119 4,602 17,729 10,170 16,546 6 23,641 36,084 3,275 6,661 18,069 6,297 11,857 11,474 3,489 7,122 « 10,918 3,058 7,912 20,093 4.456 «8,416 19,328 6,050 < 14,289 6,419 < 16, 772 6,617 6,389 173 4,724 5 6,329 365 SI13. 72 104. 40 111.01 133.67 497. 78 71.09 99.49 70.69 42.99 171. 58 133.83 113.34 206.07 92.71 87.41 110.36 1.53. 00 374.36 349. 90 44.05 73.76 336. 79 88.28 123.18 692. 36 82.60 74.06 100. 72 37.41 81.67 316. 77 49.61 119.38 268. 86 106. 38 280. 18 168. 92 228. 84 38.58 116.52 2.82 103.51 85.76 28.74 $120.25 105.66 141.12 160.56 800.81 108.15 146.78 111.29 116. 73 329.17 266.53 150.09 1S8.84 76.03 291.60 169. 60 272. 72 729.66 462. 67 49.25 90.99 401.53 96.88 174.37 220.19 151.70 168. 27 272. 96 60.97 131. 87 401.86 106. 10 561. 07 6 Includes expenses of pumping and purification. « Includes expenses of puriflcation. ' Not reported. 172.86 317.53 213:97 419.30 160.49 182. 54 6.18 118. 10 140.64 730.00 102 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 4.— SEWERS— EMPLOYEES AND EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: 1909— Continued. PART I.— CITIES HAVING NO CITY EMPLOYEES ENGAGES ON SEVTER CONSTBXrCTIOK WORK— CJontlnued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 27. Figures printed in italics are estimates. J CITT. Total mileage of sewers. AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. All classes. Super- intend- ents and en- gineers. Fore- men and in- spectors. Mechan- ics and skilled laborers. Team- sters. Un- skilled laborers. AU others. Total. Per mile of sewer. 1 1 Total. PerlO miles of sewers. Per 10,000 popula- tion served. Per 1,000 popula- tion served. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 116 117 119 120 121 122 125 129 130 131 132 134 135 136 138 139 140 142 144 146 147 148 149 150 153 154 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, 111 Bmg&mton, N. Y .. Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Bock, Ark SprinsAeld, Ohio Bay City, Mich Rockford.Ill Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn.. Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal Pueblo, Colo McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Montgomery, Ala. . . Woonsocket, R. I . . . Galveston, Tex Racine, wis Quincy, Til New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N. Y West Hoboken, N. J Joliet, 111 Oshkosh, Wis Chelsea, Mass Joplin, Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 94.3 97.6 85 17 15 13 16 3 17 14 M »6 15 14 19 12 15 3 20 11 10 12 »5 10 3 7 as »7 »6 10 9 6 3 13 '9 '3 13 ^*^.5 5 32 11 >8 9.0 1.7 1.2 2.1 3.0 4.0 1.8 0.6 1.9 1.4 2.5 3.1 1.6 1.7 3.1 1.2 3.0 2.7 0.8 1.8 0.7 2.0 1.5 0.8 3.2 2.7 18.9 5.3 6.0 6.5 4.0 4.7 6.4 1.1 3.3 5.0 5.0 5.4 3.2 6.0 5.7 3.1 2.9 3.0 1.4 3.1 1.0 2.3 2.0 2.3 3.2 3.1 7 4 6 2 3 4 '\ 3 3 6 4 6 «1 6 3 1 3 2 2 «2 2 (<) !?. i? 2 «2 4 3 6 2 3 4 1 1 1 2 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 64 4 5 7 5 15 6 2 3 5 126.4 1 61.5 52.7 43.0 1 1 77.8 1 1 2 6 64.0 31.6 « 103.1 6 1 3 3 6 2 3 1 1 «1 55.1 1 1 1 1 2 8 8 a 2 6 2 3 9 5 4 1 1 1 61.9 74.2 87.4 64.9 10 89.4 33.2 2 1 1 43.8 63.5 (') 56.6 2 41.4 33.9 1 1 1 (') 1 (<) 4 3 4 3 3 32.5 1 89.7 2 18.6 2 2 36.8 2 '\ 1 1 67.2 (') 34.7 2.6 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.5 3.7 6.0 2.0 4.3 3.2 1.0 6.5 2 62.3 1 2 10 1 3 4 73.9 =^ 85.9 1 20.2 35.0 1 73.0 (0 (.') 37.3 1.3 L5 0.7 4.0 3.8 L6 2.5 1.1 7.3 13.3 32.4 1 2 28.9 2 6 27.6 1 4 2 21.0 1 i$3,473 ^8,929 7,517 8,595 7,668 111,720 2 2.004 4,601 4,104 9,917 7,573 3,663 1,400 133,800 6,760 10,898 6,458 3,413 15,807 6,479 4,662 7,095 1,990 '12,047 8,648 3,247 1,448 4,615 3,899 5 2,532 1,816 2,195 1,017 15,609 40 1,481 2,427 1.650 1 Includes expenses of pumping. ' Includes expenses of purmcation. 8 Incomplete. < Reported with employees of another department. $36. 82 91.46 59.49 139. 78 145.48 150.57 31.31 145.37 39.81 180.11 lf22.42 49.37 16.02 520. 72 75.57 328.65 147.61 53.73 279.32 156.35 137.64 218.04 22.19 651.19 234.87 48.30 41.73 74.07 52.78 29.48 90.03 62.71 13.93 418.47 1.23 51.32 87.81 78.57 $77.18 279.03 250. 57 429.75 191.70 632.73 52.74 255.61 136.80 356.21 216.37 96.39 56.00 965.71 193.14 311.37 161.45 97.51 493.97 223.41 155.40 283.80 66.33 634.05 266.91 108.23 96.53 153.83 129.97 90.43 60.53 109.75 36.98 487.78 2.00 82.28 lOLSO 275.00 5 Not reported. » Some employees engaged on sewer work reported with employees of another department. ' Includes expenses of pumping and purification. GENERAL TABLES. 103 Table 4 — SEWERS— EMPLOYEES AND EXPENSES OP OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: 1909— Continued. PAET n.— CITIES HAVIKG CITY EMPLOYEES ENGAGED ON SEWER CONSTRTTCTION WORK. [For a list of the cities arrangad alphabetically by states, with tbe number assigned to eacb, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 27. Figures printed in itelics are estimates.] Grand total. Group I.... Group II. . . Group III.. Group IV., Total mileage of sewers. 7,040.1 3,687.7 1,379. 1 1,180.9 792.4 AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. All classes. Total. 4,775 2,073 1,374 897 431 Per 10 miles of sewers. Per 10,000 popula- tion served. Super- intend- ents and engi- neers. 116 48 24 23 Fore- men and inspec- tors. 364 196 104 42 22 Mechan- ics and skilled laborers. 358 134 45 34 Team- sters. 346 215 47 63 21 Un- skilled laborers. 3,203 1,138 1,021 715 All others. EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. Total. $2,174,582 1,569,799 295,064 196,143 123,576 Per mile of sewers. $308.88 422.98 213. 95 166.11 155.95 Per 1,000 popxila- tion served. $431. 23 523.69 335.09 243.42 356.94 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OH OVER IN 1909. Chicago, III Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md New Orleans, La. . . Washington, D. C . 1,837.0 765.6 77.4 464.3 543.4 387 616 605 147 318 79 89 119 30 41 26 196 368 333 60 181 '$796,701 3 374,383 90,836 •121,463 '176,416 $433.70 488.97 1,174.20 261. 62 .324.66 $455.26 671.58 1,214.63 588.05 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 60 94 103 105 123 124 126 127 128 133 137 141 143 145 151 152 17 MinnftftT>oIiR. Minn 257.4 152. 3( 192.3 182.4 71.4 277.2 105.5 140.6 496 179 279 65 111 64 5 104 76 5 14 2 15 2 1 «5 4 36 21 13 11 5 5 10 3 54 20 13 5 4 2 30 6 21 6 4 3 4 1 5 3 377 112 243 27 96 55 54 57 3 6 4 4 $59,110 22,193 "81,468 '37,731 14,924 > 10, 703 12,101 56,834 $229.64 145.68 423.74 206.90 209.02 38.61 114.67 404.11 $402.11 <>■> Louisville, Ky 170.72 31 Worcester. Mass 644.02 V 377.31 38 39 Fall River. Mass 179.76 10491 Lowell Mass "3 127.38 45 585.92 New Bedford, Mass. Lyim.Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass . . . Lawrence, Mass Manchester, N. H. Norfolk.Va Fort Worth, Tex.. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. . Savannah, Ga Holyoke, Mass... Brockton, Mass.. Mobile, Ala Pawtuoket, R. I. Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass Saletn, Mass New Britain, Conn. Davenport, Iowa. Newton, M:ass. Kalamazoo, Mich. Fitchburg, Mass.. Ehnira, N.Y.... KnoxviUe.Tenn. Taunton, Mass. . . Everett, Mass GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 87.9 78.1 96.9 118.8 69.8 84.4 90.7 119.0 73.0 77.0 45.4 73.9 108.9 57.1 5 85 44 141 48 243 539 28 24 14 5 27 67 56 3 »4 2 4 1 "2 »1 1 67 34 119 44 59 214 16 13 15 (') (0 (') $24,511 > 12, 754 9,299 17,238 25,613 5,733 » 34,394 6,765 8,906 9,050 4,451 > 17, 076 5,599 < 14,754 $278. 98 163.35 9S.96 145.10 367. 11 67.90 379. 21 56.85 121. 95 117.53 98.13 231.04 51.41 258.52 GROUP IV— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 73.1 45.9 50.8 71.6 154.5 71.7 49.6 64.2 29.1 54.7 24 68 91 5 89 531 6 60 46 (') 27 (0 44 6 11 (0 4 61 •2 5 3 (') (0 $272.34 15402 154.98 210.22 320.16 95.55 818.90 145.55 178. 12 226.25 80.93 426.90 149.31 368.85 1 1 2 (0 15 7 71 80 20 37 30 (') 20 "40 9 1 $12,953 3,277 •11,318 •9,608 6,488 41, 976 9,219 4,536 5,276 789 6,959 11,177 $177. 10 71.36 222.75 110.56 90.65 255.22 128. 52 112.58 106.37 14 56 238.89 204.44 $385.51 93.63 2 5 5 9 2 4 «2 •(') 1 «1 2 «1 274.51 3 3 3 (') 2 2 15 8 (') 2 (') 259.52 (') 1,358.45 460.95 (0 17446 150.74 24.66 695.90 (') (') 349.28 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. " Includes expenses of pumping. » Includes expenses of pumping and purification. « Includes expenses of purification. 6 Some employees engaged on sewer work reported with employees of another department. I Reported with employees of another department. 8 Not reported. 104 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 5.— SEWERS— HOUSE CONNECTIONS: 1909. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 27. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] CITY. Total mileage of sewers. BOUSE CONNECTIONS. is At close of year. Made during year. Size (inches). Niimber of stoppages. ti O Number. Length (miles). Average length (feet). Number. Length (feet). Average cost per foot. GSOUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. New York, N.Y Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough.. Manhattan Borough Queens Borough Richmond Borough. Chicago, III Philadelphia, Pa St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Francisco, Cal Cincinnati, Ohio Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N.J , New Orleans, La , Washington, D. C 1,907.9 283.3 830.3 523.3 196.0 75.0 1,837.0 1,185.1 649.0 765.6 77.4 529.2 542.2 631.6 507.0 358.9 326.0 419.4 269.0 464.3 643.4 27,257 153,782 179, SOO ^^ 264,832 238,096 107,435 m 3 111,667 47,713 2 74, 100 "59,065 30,225 54,154 = 43,410 7,030 47,000 (>) 1,200.0 1,221.0 2 317. 271.1 (') 2 ««. 6 2 279. 7 298.0 '131.0 40.0 270.0 2 15 30 2 17 2 25 2 16 40 30 1,799 4,666 853 (') 11,392 9,449 4,165 $,6eo 918 2 3,412 1,672 2 281 2 2,700 1,671 1,482 2 1,503 2,260 1,345 (') 56,500 207,900 249,900 C) 59,182 2 51,180 eo.ieo (') 2 4,777 2 67,500 83,550 0) "14,043 67,800 40,000 JO. 50 0.75 ('). «. 2 0.57 0.55 ■20.86 2 1.14 0.75 ■20.35 1.60 1.26 4 to 12 6 to 8 6 to 12 6 4to 6 « 6 6 0) 4tOlO 4 to 10 6 6 6 6to 8 6 4 to 15 4 to 6 4 to 6 (') (') e,ooo (') 1,917 ^:] 1,460 (') 4S (') {') 90 416 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Minn... Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind Louisville, Ky Seattle, Wash , Providence, R.I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Ma«s Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N.Y New Haven, Conn.. . Scranton, Pa Paterson, N.J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass Memphis, Term Richmond, Va Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Tenn Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio -257.4 439.0 126.6 354.6 267.3 152.3 247.2 228.6 266.0 281.4 429.3 189.0 207.3 231.4 192.3 161.2 164.8 116.0 110.9 84.6 182.4 71.4 277.2 106.8 239.0 178.5 98.5 105.6 140.6 197.6 20,910 41,500 35,000 31,160 '39,166 30,000 13,491 20,790 45,000 20,684 (■) 34,259 25,550 Be, 861 15,297 19,599 24, 737 16,500 15,000 13, 600 14,806 6,397 18,500 10, 875 18,760 '17,000 16,000 11,700 15,269 9,747 300.0 241.5 160.0 354-0 8 97.3 (') 153.3 ' 313. 110.0 76 30 24 60 = 13 60 80 8 15 30 2,114 11,823 1,000 1,150 8 3,630 2,205 2,387 554 1,542 1,718 1,930 1,971 1,505 1,600 543 1,870 474 (') 355 1,392 159 1,300 863 1,704 547 266 203 1,432 150,000 354,690 40,000 69,000 ' 63, 863 70,660 165,165 9,693 137,440 18,745 147,825 60,000 104,000 27,836 193,738 18,000 104,900 0) 22,281 26,890 44,304 8 14,490 (>) 8,900 m 43,000 $1.00 to $1.25 0.30 0.40to 0,75 0) 8 0.40 0.37 (') 0.60 0.80 0.76 1.00 0.50 to 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 (1) (') (") s (>) (') 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.56 0.23 8 0.65 0.50 0.46 4 to 6 6 to 12 4to 6 6 4 to 12 5 to 6 5 to 6 6 4to 6 6 6 6to 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 to 12 6 6 6 4to 5 4 to 6 6 4 to 6 (') 200 260 60 (') 141 900 100- 123 7 ('). 1,560 87 72 260 64 106 le > Not reported. 2 From main to curb line. ' From main to property line. GENERAL TABLES. 105 Table 6.— SEWERS— HOUSE CONNECTIONS: 1909— Continued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigiied to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see in italics are estimates.] page 27. Figui-es printed CITY. Total mileage of sewers. BOUSE CONNECTIONS. ■a 1 S At close of year. Made during year. Size (inches). Number of stoppages. Number. Length (miles). Average length (feet). Number. Length (feet). Average cost per foot. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. go 91 92 93 94 9S 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 Albany, N.Y.... Bridgeirort, Conn. Spokane, Wash. . . Hartford, Conn. . . Reading, Pa Trenton,N. J San Antonio, Tex. . . New Bedford, Mass.. Camden, N. J. Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lyim,Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass. St. Joseph, Mo... Troy,N.Y Yonkers, N. Y... Tacoma, Wash.. Youngstown, Ohio. Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Kansas City, Kans . Utioa,N.Y Waterbury, Conn... Elizabeth, N.J Seheneotady, N. Y. Hoboken, N. J Manchester, N. H. Evansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala.. Akron, Ohio Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Erie, Pa Savannah, Ga Peoria, 111 Harrisburg, Pa... Fort Wayne, Ind. Charleston, B.C.. Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind. East St. Louis, 111. Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla. . Oklahoma City, Okla.. Bayonne, N. J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Passaic, N. J Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala Allentown, Pa Pawtucket, B. I. 101.4 91.0 63.6 116.6 115.8 91.3 98.9 87.9 70.8 131.2 124.7 78.1 96.9 118.8 119.0 93.6 54. 2 48.6 202.8 92.2 101.6 63.2 100.3 74.3 53.6 71.3 96.3 19.4 84.4 42.2 96.2 108.4 90.7 119.0 73.0 81.8 77.0 96.9 63.4 90.0 70.5 71.9 56.9 51.0 45.4 73.9 38.0 73.3 145.6 31.5 54.8 61.3 45.6 73.8 108.9 12.7 57.1 18,000 0,104 4,528 7,107 4,582 6,749 9,986 16,000 10,000 5,636 "12,113 IS, 700 19, 169 (') 6,550 12,850 4,036 10,853 4,325 4,000 14, 114 8,528 n,ooo 5,393 9, ess 6,306 6,572 4,900 8,S00 (') > 13,515 (') 8,407 '10,300 6,278 6,300 W (') ',000 360 2,990 (') 4,900 3,681 (') 4,562 8,600 6,000 7,000 6,600 3,867 8,000 8,261 100 6,151 63.5 74 (') 127.8 60.0 (') 37.9 81.0 '^^45.9 "72.6 (') 100 26 20 76 2 20 20 ■ 81.0 41.1 106.9 97.0 (') 33.5 "36.7 16.0 43.6 83.0 39.3 (') 2 38.0 ?! 65 100 20 50 86 40 60 33 20 15 35 89 26 2 15 2 18 (ij (1) )j< 39.0 (') 30.0 40.2 28.4 20.0 (') 22.0 46.0 34.1 69 48 35 25 26 16 30 30 35 (') 204 960 107 1,360 (■) 728 657 549 ) 974 1,294 359 2799 496 1,202 .247 1,060 73 152 1,659 483 269 246 524 (■) 209 (') 546 ISO 173 107 585 (') '1,631 O 616 2430 0) C) 310 170 350 31 205 (') 180 334 440 1,418 504 315 {') 283 (>) 254 301 (') 6,100 67,200 1,624 (') (») 65,700 20,820 0) 19,480 92,000 C) 2 16,000 12,375 24,040 6,000 68,260 1,225 (') 165,900 19,700 S4, 160 17,485 9,800 31,440 (') 6,897 (0 11,920 1,960 6,066 9,630 14,626 (■) '26, mo (') 2 3, 738 4,280 14,350 (■) 7,200 16,070 (') 13,200 36,460 12,600 i,725 (') 8,600 10, 160 f) 0) 7,036 (') 80.20 0.76 0.60 0.60 6 6 6 6 5 65 0.60 0.40 0.64 0.60 O.IS 4 4to6 6 6 4t06 52 " 216 ?1 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.36 0.75 4to6 5to8 6 6to8 6 " 151 0.50 0.76 0.76 (') 0.40 to 0.60 6 8 6 6 6 98 200 (1) (1) 0.90 to 1.00 0.65 0.70 0.86 " 6 6 5to8 6to8 (1 30 (') 0.45 to 0.50 0.60 0.30 2.00 6 6 6 4 6 to 10 ii! 19 60 (') 0.50 '0.25 6 6to8 4 (') 4to6 M S 1:1 !0.31 (') 6 6to9 4 6 (') 12 38 (') 0.60 0.35 0.54 2.00 6 '' 6 8 6 6 6to6 6 6 5 (1) S {') « ^^ ' (>) 0.40 0.45 0.40 0.50 6 6tol2 6 " 6 "250 3 [:i 0.45 0.86 6 4to6 5 6 (") 12 t Not reported. 3 From main to curb line. 106 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 5.— SEWERS— HOUSE CONNECTIONS: 1909-Continued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 27. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] CITY. Total mileage of sewers. HOUSE CONNECTIONS. ■a At close of year. Made diiring year. Sizi (inches). Number § I" b Number. Length (miles). Average length (feet). Number. Length (feet). Average cost per foot. of stoppages. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, 111 Binghamton, N. Y. Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Eock, Ark. . . Springfield, Ohio . . . AtlanticCity, N. J. Bay City, Mich Kockford,IU York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. Topeka, Kans... Sacramento, Cal. Maiden, Mass Haverlull, Mass.. Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britain, Conn. Davenport, Iowa. . . McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Newton, Mass... Dubuque, Iowa.. Butte,Ti£ont Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich. . Montgomery, Ala.. Woonsocket, R. I.. Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass. , Racine, Wis Elmira,N. Y Quincy^Hl Knoxville, Term. . New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga. Auburn, N. Y WestHoboken, N. J.. JoUet,IU Taunton, Mass. Everett, Mass... Oshkosh, Wis.. Chelsea, Mass... Joplin, Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 94.3 97.6 126.4 61.5 52.7 43.0 77.8 64.0 31.0 « 103.1 55.1 '46.0 61.9 74.2 87.4 64.9 73.1 45.9 89.4 50.8 86.9 71.6 33.2 43.8 63.5 56.6 164.5 41.4 33.9 32.5 71.7 89.7 18.5 36.8 40.3 67.2 49.6 34.7 54.2 62.3 73.9 8S.9 20.2 35.0 29.1 54.7 73.0 37.3 32.4 28.9 27.6 21.0 14,600 6,286 e,ooo 10,222 i 8,500 8,500 S,UO 10,000 U,800 1,716 3,936 6,400 <'7,5n B,4SS 6,900 5,237 m 5,446 m 4,282 6,000 4,375 7,595 2,234 5,665 1,922 3,206 6,500 2,855 3,732 1,191 «g,4SS 3,126 8,318 4,077 5,100 11,880 V) 1 18, 140 S,SOO 4,000 1,892 4,663 8' 4,000 S,06S 2,315 (?) 117.4 P) « 48.4 '■H4.0 (?) 53.5 101.0 '8.0 14.0 19.3 P) '40.0 (^) 144.0 P) P) 74.8 P) 24.0 68.2 41.0 m.6 P) 24.0 73.8 20.0 24.3 P) 20.0 P) 11.1 8 4.6 38.6 2.3 29.0 P) 40.0 37.0 P) 27.0 15.2 P) 20.3 P) 120 25 115 90 53 123 110 "'73' 37 112 60 1379 747 636 191 1,500 220 P) P) 271 512 806 il,S5g 212 135 216 160 488 575 74 95 1,356 161 171 211 458 248 74 «500 150 315 296 80 700 400 516 13,400 158 375 112 34 158 277 136 87 166 45 1 7,580 8 4,745 19,420 P) 19,800 P) 142,000 S8,S06 6 37,560 P) 4,S85 P) P) 15,760 P) 19,520 11,500 3,700 1,425 33,900 9,660 13,295 4,840 8,440 P) 15,114 P) 4,160 » 5,000 5,000 P) 14,800 1,600 17,500 11,000 P) 178,754 1,580 18,750 6,633 1,020 6,925 2,720 m 8,300 P) 1J0.55 0.30 0.50 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.50 P) 5 0.40 P) P) P) 0.20 0.45 0.60 0.30 0.45 0.50 0.50 P) m P) I P) P) P) 0.60 0.61 1.00 0.33 0.60 1.00 »0.26 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.55 10.40 0.50 to 0.80 0.50 P) P) C) 0.40 0.75 0.60 0.25 0.50 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 4ta6 6 4 4to6 4t06 4to5 4to6 5to6 6 6 to 12 5 to 8 4 .06 6 6 4to6 4ta6 6 4to6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 5to6 5 to 10 6 5to& 6 6 5 4to& Sto6 6to8 6 P) P) 100 P) 104 15 700 P) P) P) P) P) 108 P) 10 15 25 419 6 136 P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) 20 70 24 153 15 50 P) P) P) 10 54 1 From main to curb line. 2 Not reported. ' Sewer system owned by private corporation. < Sewer system not in use, as state laws prohibit the pollution of Codorus Creek, into which the system discharged sewage. ' From main to property line. » From main to property line. Main sewers laid in alleys. 108 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 6.— SEWERS— FLI'SHING OF SEWERS AND [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see Grand total Group I ! Group II Group m Group IV Total mileage of sewers. 25,011.2 11,013.0 6,094.4 4,831.2 3,072.6 Kind of sewer. FLUSHING OF SEWEKS. Miles flushed during year. Schedule of flushing. Flushed by hose attached to hydrants. Flushed by specified number of— Direct connec- tions with water mains. 6,155 61 1,392 1,891 1,821 Auto- matic flush tanks. 10,602 1,772 4,046 3,025 1,759 Port- able flush tanl^s. GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OE OVER IN 1909. 1 New York, N. Y 1,907.9 523.3 283.3 830.3 196.0 75.0 1,837.0 1,185.1 648.0 765.6 77.4 529.2 542.2 631.6 507.0 358.9 326.0 419.4 269.0 464.3 543.4 1356.0 213.0 75.0 «68.0 568.0 55.7 3.0 800.0 136.0 30.0 66.3 42.8 345.8 Yes Yes 1 207 Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Combined No schedule No schedule Yes 4 Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough All three Yes All three. No schedule Yes Yes... 1 1 202 18 2 Richmond Borough Chicago, lU Laterals daily f All three No schedule Yes 3 Philadelphia, Pa All three Yes 4 Yes 5 Boston, Mass All three. . No schedule Yes fi Yes 7 Cleveland, Ohio . . All three No schedule Yes 35 f, Pittsburgh Pa No schedule . Yes.. H Yes Yes 50 in Buffalo, N.Y No schedule 2 11 All three Yes 1? Cincinnati, Ohio Combined No schedule Yes 13 Yes 14 All three Yes 104 1,265 141 6' I') New Orleans, La Sanitary and storm-water . Laterals daily Yes.... 16 Wfl'-'iiiTigt^^Ti, T) . r. Sanitary and combined Twice a year . Yes.. GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OP 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Miimeapolis, Minn . . Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N.J Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind . . . Louisville, Ky Seattle, wash Providence, R. I Rochester, N.Y St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N.Y New Haven, Conn . . Scrauton, Pa Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass Memphis, Tenn Richmond, Va Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich Nashville, Tenn Lowellj Mass Cambndge, Mass Dayton, Ohio 257.4 439.0 126.5 354.5 257.3 152.3 247.2 228.6 266.0 281.4 429.3 189.0 207.3 231.4 192.3 161.2 164.8 116.0 110.9 84.6 182.4 71.4 277.2 106.8 239.0 178.5 98.5 105.6 140.6 197.5 Sanitary and combined Sanitary and storm-water.. . Combined and storm-water.. Combined and storm-water. . All three Combined Combined Combined and storm-water.. Combined and storm- water.. AH thi-ee All three... Combined.. All three... Combined.. All three... Combined Sanitary and combined . Combined Combined Sanitary and combined . Sanitary and combined . Combined Sanitary Sanitary and combined . All three All three... Combined., All three... All three . . . All three... 706.0 22, 630. m 36.2 30.0 SOO.O 300.0 W 18.0 900.0 146.0 576.8 i59.0 m ioo.o 12.0 B5, lis. 0.4 87,455.0 l.B 120.0 (') 1,097.0 Laterals twice a month Laterals daily No schedule No schedule Laterals daily P) No schedule Part of system twice a year; re- mainder, once. No schedule 150 miles twice a year Part, about once in 9 days; other 9 tunes a year. No schedule Laterals daily No schedule 3 times a year 6 times a week No schedule Once a year No schedule No schedule Laterals once in 8 hours No schedule Laterals daily No schedule No schedule m 2 miles once a year, 3 miles daily No schedule m Every 2 weeks Yes 81 1,696 Yes Yes Yes 278 90 Yes Yes Yes... . 336 Yes Yes 4 Yes 32 366 3 Yes.. Yes No 135 60 10 '.. Yes... . Yes No Yes 83 400 No 1 Y^' Yes 596 Yes No 350 Yes Yes 6 2 Yes Yes 15 ;!;;;■.;; Yes Yes 5 1 No 898 1 The report is not complete for all boroughs. 2 Includes stoppages in catch basins. ' Not reported. < 18,772 cubic yards of ' basin dirt " removed. Number cleaned not reported. GENERAL TABLES. 109 CLEANING OF SEWERS AND CATCH BASINS: 1909. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 28. Figures printed in italics are estimatas.l CLEANING OF SEWEES AND CATCH BASINS. Sewers. Cateb basins. Number of stoppages in system daring year. Number of miles cleaned during year. Cost of cleaning per mile. Method of cleaning. Total number. Number cleaned dur- ing year. Cubic yards of silt re- moved per basin per cleaning. Number of spe- cially con- structed wagons for re- moval of silt. i 3 390,253 211,941 82,510 66,048 39,754 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 13,027 2 2,823 193 m « n P) (') 8 53 (») 201 150 39 902.0 248.8 108.5 447.7 68.0 29.0 «. « U.O 11.1 200.0 7.3 225.0 30.0 0.2 49.8 P) $216. 73 362.45 152.31 122. 33 470.00 70.99 406.56 194.00 328.00 307.32 161.00 12.00 170.00 P) 213. 94 (?) Shovels and buckets Buckets and gasoline engines Hand sewer-cleaning machine Hand cleaning machine and rods . Scrapers on endless chain Use of rakes Flushing and suction Shovels attached to carriage and a form of hoe . Scrapers and hoisting buckets Sewer-cleaning machine and flushing. Sewer-cleaning machines Sewer-cleaning machines and winches. (') Flushing machines Scraping machines Drawing hose charged with water through sewer.. Flushing only Jointed rods and flushing 22,483 67,748 6,348 14,381 3,625 5,336 10,323 33,964 1,496 5,063 691 9,004 73,843 25,976 37,743 895,778 13,508 27,999 17,500 6,989 m (>) U,rH BO.UO 6,m 48,600 (') S,000 4,700 -29,681 (?) 9,916 5,267 (') 8,8S9 7,258 3,407 6,157 (}) (') 4,447 52,634 «. P) 1.19 1.02 0.35 2.95 P). m 1.09 3.36 2.00 0.60 0.25 O.SS 0.88 W. (») 1.22 1.60 0.13 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. P) 18 P) 40 962 6,191 P) ISO P) P) S40 322 18 500 1 40 P) P) P) P) P) us.o 0.9 100.0 11.0 3.0 P) P) 35.0 13.0 3.0 192.2 P> »o 2.0 114.0 221.9 P) 1.5 0.2 5.0 1.6 4.0 P) m. 1.0 76.0 20.0 4.47 P) P) P) P) 60.00 274.00 P) P) P) P) 11.00 31.24 P) P) P) P) P 120.00 P) 120.00 41.00 P) goo. 00 Jointed rods, scrapers, and roUing balls . Fltishing only P) Sewer-cleaning machine Endless cable hand sewer machine.. Cable sewer machine and jointed rods.. Flushing and spiral springs Scrapers and jomted rods Sewer-cleaning machine, scrapers, and rods . Jointed rods and rolling balls Scrapers. Jointed rods and flushing Jointed rods and sewer-cleaning machine. Sewer machines Scrapers and pails on sectional tracks Jointed rods Sewer-cleaning machines Flushing only Chains dragged through sewers. Jointed rods Jointed rods Jointed rods ■- Long cables and flushing Jointed rods and flushing Rods, scoop lines, and derrick Chains, jointed rods, and patented sewer machines . Jointed rods and scrapers Jointed rods Scrapers Cleaning machines and rods 6,363 410 2,800 4,675 5,287 5,000 5,269 5,130 5,914 4,140 3,022 3,138 4,100 ' 2, 785 1,044 3,760 3,600 972 1,638 BOO 1,800 4,B00 3,473 ) S,S60 P) P) 6,606 2,800 1,664 2,446 4,227 32,150 8,816 1,750 P) 5,000 12,088 2,551 5,142 93,900 560 2,785 1,044 5,456 7,260 2,367 774 350 1,800 80,500 3,473 2,742 1,506 P) 61.00 P) P) 2.60 1.00 0.29 1.711 P) 1.60 0.80 0.69 1.48 0.09 o.eo 1.60 ) 1.25 0.04 0.62 P) 0.99 0.75 1.60 0.06 1.20 1.26 1.00 5 Average quantity removed from 748 catch basins. The silt in other basms 5 Cleaned by flushing from hose attached to hydrants. was flushed into sewers. 110 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 6.— SEWERS— FLUSHING OF SEWERS AND [For a list of the cities arranged alpliabotically by states, with the number assigned to each, see Total mileage of sewers. Kind of sewer. FLUSHING OF SEWERS. Miles flushed during year. Schedule of flushing. Flushed by hose attached to hydrants. Flushed by specified number of— Direct coimec- tions with water mains. Auto- matic flush tanis. Port- able flush tanJcs. GEOUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany, N.Y 101.4 91.0 63.6 116.6 115.8 91.3 98.9 87.9 70.8 131.2 124.7 78.1 96.9 118.8 119.0 69.8 9,3.6 54.2 48.6 202.8 92.2 101.6 63.2 100.3 74.3 88.8 53.6 71.3 96.3 19.4 84.4 42.2 96.2 108.4 90.7 119.0 73.0 81.8 77.0 96.9 63.4 90.0 70.5 71.9 56.9 61.0 45.4 73.9 38.0 73.3 145.6 31.5 54.8 61.3 45.6 73.8 108.9 12.7 67.1 Combined . . 46,398.0 23,663.0 m No schedule Yes 48 Yes 49 No 411 ■ift Hartford, Conn ... Combined and storm-water No schedule Yes 51 Yes S? Trenton, N.J . All three Sanitary, daily ... . . No 300 195 SI Yes 'i4 New Bedford. Mass All three No schedule Yes ■i"; Camden, N. J Combined No schedule Yes ^5 $.0 e.Boo.o 193.8 24.9 m.o l.B 10.0 (') (') 354.5 160.0 5.0 7S0.O 126.0 (■) 36.0 Yes RT Salt Lake City , Utah Sanitary and storm-water Part once a week; other, once a month. Once in 6 weeks . Yes Yes No 1 18 018 58 Lynn, Mass Combined and storm-water M Wilmington Del 5 1 1 60 AH three No Yes 447 61 Des Moines, Iowa All three No schedule . 4 6? Lawrence, Mass All three No schedule Yes .. 63 St. Joseph, Mo Combined No schedule Yes 64 Troy,N; Y Yes 65 Yonkers, N.Y All three No schedule Yes 66 Tacoma, Wash Sanitary and storm-water - . . Some weekly; others, once a month. Yes 12 67 Yes Yes . . (') 68 Duluth, Minn 1 m AH three Yes 46 7(1 Somerviile, Mass All three 25 miles twice a month; 75 miles twice a year. Yes Yes 116 71 Kansas City, Kans 72 Utica,N.Y All three Yes 6 73 Waterbury, Conn Sanitary and storm-water No schedule . . No 1 74 Elizabeth, N. J Combined No schedule Yes 75 Schenectady, N.Y All three 75.0 5.0 "l.0 7,145.0 5,980.0 "2.0 18,615.0 (>) 3,942.0 '\.o 102.0 Yes 76 Hoboken,N.J Combined No schedule Yes 77 Manchester, N. H Combined Yes 78 Evansville, Ind Combined No schedule Yes 79 Birmingham, Ala Sanitary and storm-water Yes 80 Akron, Ohio (0 Twice a week Yes 1 42S 81 Norfolk, Va Sanitary and storm-water No 82 Fort Worth, Tex Sanitary and storm-water No Yes 1,000 83 Wilkes-Barre, Pa Combined No schedule 2 19 84 Erie, Pa Combined Yes 85 Savannah, Ga Sanitary and storm-water Laterals daily . No 18fi 2 242 86 Peoria, 111 Combined and storm- water Combined No schedule Yes 87 Harrisburg, Pa No schedule Yes 88 Fort Wayne, Ind Combined 0) Yes 89 Charleston, S. C 26 90 Portland, Me Sanitary and combined Yes 91 Terre Haute, Ind Combined Yes 92 East St. Louis, 111 Combined Yes 93 Holyoke, Mass Yes Yes Yes 1 137 ' 94 Brockton, Mass Sanitary and storm- water 120.0 95 Johnstown, Pa Combined 96 Jacksonville, Fla All three 2,520.0 $00.0 40 5 97 Oklahoma City, Okla Bayonne, N. J AU three Laterals 4 times a day; other, once a week. 98 Combined Yes . 99 Covington, Ky Combined 10.0 39.0 1.0 450.0 Yes 100 South Bend, Ind Combined In whole 5 times, in part daily . . Yes 132 230 101 Passaic, N. J 102 Altoona, Pa Sanitary and storm-water No Yes 1 103 Mobile, Ala Sanitary and storm- water 5 104 Allentown, Pa Combined and storm-water Yes 105 Pawtucket, E. I Combined 114.1 Yes 170 122 .... — - ' Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. CLEANING OF SEWERS AND CATCH BASINS: 1909-Continued. page 8f . For a text discussion of this table, see page 28. Figures printed in italics are estimates. Ill CLEANING OF SEWERS AND CATCH BASINS. Sewers. Catch basins. Number of stoppages in system during year. Number of miles cleaned during year. Cost of cleaning per mile. Method of cleaning. Total number. Number cleaned dur- ing year. Cubic yards of silt re- moved per basin per cleaning. Number of spe- cially con- structed wagons for re- moval of silt. 1 GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. t^ 0) 25 0) 569 2 SOO 165 (') HI SS 624 0) 3 12 ISO 75 0) (') (■) (') 0) n 6 ISO (■) 3.0 0.5 « $21.00 35.0 (') (') 46.0 4.0 6.0 20.0 (■) (') 1.0 S4.0 0) 0.2 (') 3.5 ^] 0) 200.00 S.BS soo.oo Jointed rods Sewer-cleaning machines (') Dredge buckets and flushing. Chains and jointed rods. Jointed rods Chains and sewer rods . Scrapers dragged through sewer. . Rods and cleaning machines Scrapers and flushing Jointed rods, chains and flushing. Sewer-cleaning machine . Jointed rods Rods and scrapers Flushing only Jointed rods Flushing only Flushing only Jointed rods, chains and budgets. Scrapers and rods 20.00 SO. 00 ) 78.00 85.00 (') (') (0 14.50 Jointed rods with nozzle attached. Jointed rods and flushing. Use of rope and wire Rods attached to rope Flushing and pumping Sewer-cleaning machine . . . Scrapers Jointed rods Jointed rods and flushing. Rope and brush. Jointed rods Jointed rods and brushes. Jointed rods and flushing. Rods attached to rope Sewer rods Flushing only Small rods Flushing and going into large ones. , Buckets attached to cables Wire rods attached to ropes. Jointed rods and flushing — Sewer rods and flushing . 0) Sewer-draiaiDg machine . Rods and steel buckets . . Jointed rods and wire rope . Jointed rods i,eoo 1,559 2,000 2,151 660 ti 1,026 i,eoo SOO ('). (■) 1,216 30 '1,400 1,271 2,320 '1,000 1,600 S,600 840 503 1,565 760 1,961 (■) 560 «. 40 450 w. 900 1,423 1,027 2,600 SOO 1,700 400 681 7,758 226 ue 1,067 3,118 1,480 2,151 660 1,026 1,200 e,ooo 0) 0). 1,093 (') SOO 4,682 2,610 4,524 984 1,180 9,360 S,500 6,030 6,260 ('). 0) 4B0 '1,400 1,644 800 40O SOO (') (') 1,800 16,428 1,020 ('). 2,500 1,800 1,224 293 1,S22 1,300 i,m 800 400 389 350 4,soo SSB 400 389 6,250 S,400 400 681 0) « 225 Sit 992 0) 1.50 1.50 1.69 1.50 (■) 1.00 (■) (■) 0.60 1.00 ^r 1.50 0.60 (■) 1.00 0.25 1.00 (■) 0.50 1.00 1.20 ('). 0.36 0.12 (') 0.40 0.69 1.00 1.17 0.76 0.50 ) 2.00 0.08 O.tS 2 0) 0.60 (') (■) (■) 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 64 55 66 57 5S 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 112 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 6.— SEWEKS— FLUSHING OF SEWERS AND [ror a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see Total mileage of sewers. Kind of sewer. FLUSHING OF SEWEBS. Miles flushed during year. Schedule of flushing. Flushed by hose attached to hydrants. Flushed by specified number of— Direct connec- tions with water mains. Auto- matic flush tanks. Port- able flush tanks. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 lis 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 U4 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 165 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, ni Bingnamton, N. Y . . Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Eock, Ark Springfield, Ohio Atlantic City, N. J.. Bay City, Mich Eockford,m York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn.. Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal Maiden, Mass Haverhjll, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britain, Conn.. Davenport, Iowa McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich . . . Montgomery, Ala . . - Woonsocket, E.I... Galveston, Tex Fitohburg, Mass Eacine, Wis Elmira,N.Y Quincy, in Knoxvflle, Tenn Newcastle, Pa Macon, Ga Aubum,N. Y West Hoboken, N. J Joliet,IU Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshkosn, Wis Chelsea, Mass Joplin,Mo Lacrosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 94.3 97.6 126.4 61.5 52."7 43.0 77.8 64.0 31.6 103.1 55.1 3 46.0 61.9 74.2 87.4 64.9 73.1 45.9 89.4 50.8 86.9 71.6 33.2 43.8 63.5 56.6 164.5 41.4 33.9 32.5 71.7 89.7 18.5 36.8 40.3 67.2 49.6 34.7 54.2 62.3 73.9 85.9 20.2 35.0 29.1 54.7 73.0 37.3 32.4 28.9 27.6 21.0 Combined Sanitary and storm-water. . . Sanitary and storm-water . . . Combined Combined and storm-water.. Combined Ail three Sanitary and storm-water . All three Combined Sanitary and storm-water. Sanitary and storm-water. All three Sanitary and combined . . . Combined.. Combined.. Sanitary and storm-water. All three Sanitary and combined . . . Combined Sanitary and storm-water . , . Combined and storm-water. , Combined and storm-water.. Combined Combined Combined Sanitary and storm-water. . Sanitary and storm-water. , Sanitary and storm-Water. . Combined Sanitary and storm-water. Sanitary and storm-water. Sanitary AE three Combined.. Combined.. Combined.. Combined and storm-water.. Sanitary and storm-vater . . . Sanitary and storm-water. Sanitary and storm-water. All three Combined Combined Sanitary and storm-water . . . All three Combined Combined and storm-water. , Sanitary and storm-water . . . Combined Combined Sanitary and combined 10.0 145.2 86.0 500.0 960.0 300.0 «.. 10.0 '\.o P) 100.0 0.5 2S5.0 (') «.0 4.0 1,UO-0 60.0 1,294.4 62.0 80.8 71.7 5,548.1 55.5 368.0 3.0 134.4 42.0 6S0.0 39,427.0 11,205.0 120.0 (') 2.0 398.0 U.O 365.0 10.0 (■) 57.7 27.6 (') (') Twice a month 3 times a year No schedule No schedule Laterals every 8 hours Ten times a year No schedule (') Laterals daily; other, twice a year No schedule (■) Once a year , . « Part, once a week; other, once a year. Once a year No schedule No schedule 3 times a year No schedule No schedule 4 times a year No schedule 24 times a year No schedule Once a month Twice a year 3 times a year No schedule Laterals every 8 hours Twice a week 3 times a year 10 times a year No schedule Twice a year All, once a year; half, twice a year. Every 40 hours No schedule Laterals, twice a day 4 times a week Once a year No schedule No schedule Once a month 2 or 3 times a year 5 times a year No schedule Laterals, twice a day Twice a year Laterals, once a day « Yes.. Yes 205 130 Yes.... Yes Yes 165 Yes Yes No 128 Yes Yes ... Yes Yes . 31 Yes No.. . 122 Yes Yes . ISO 25 Yes No 1,SOO Yes Yes 169 Yes.... Yes Yes Yes. . Yes Yes... 6 Yes Yes... 191 Yes .. Yes 20 Yes No i47 2 Yes. Yes 37 Yes . Yes... . Yes '120 2 21 50 180 50 2 1 Yes Yes Yes... No No Yes.... 0) Yes... Yes Yes 58 Yes... No 2 1 Yes No SO 4 77 Yes... No 138 Yes 1 Not reported. 2 Sewer system owned by private corporation. s Sewer system not in use, as state laws prohibit the pollution of Codorus Creek, Into which the system discharged •Includes 350 "inlets" without catch basins. GENERAL TABLES. 113 CLEANING OF SEWERS AND CATCH BASINS: 1909— Continued, page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 28. Figures printed in italias are estimates.] CLEANING OP SEWEES AND CATCH BASINS. Sewers. Number of stoppages in system during year. Number of miles cleaned during year. 100 205 25 1,260 84 1 Cost of cleaning per mile. Method of cleaning. Catch basins. Total number. Number cleaned dur. ing year. Cubic yards of silt re- moved per basin per Cl( Number of spe- cially con- structed wagons for re- moval of sflt. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. (') 2.0 (■) ('). teo.oo (') Flushing only Dragging rods through sewers. . Flushing only. Flushing only. Jointed rods... Jointed rods... 3,164 660 1,100 3,264 1,254 W 897 8 800 0) 8 (■) 8,100 881 30 32 1400 (■) 0.33 «. 0.50 . 1.56 0.18 (') 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 160 151 152 163 154 155. 156 157 158 (') O 350 IBO 2 2 100 0) 0) 25 150 e « 0.7 (') Jointed rods, chains, and flushing.. Rods and scrapers (') IS. I (') «. 10.0 « (■) SO.O 7.5 10.0 1.0 i.O 106.1 0) 0.5 « 3.0 1.0 42.0 ill.90 283.91 Rods and flushing . Scrapers Rods and flushing. Boat and buckets.. 8 w (■) 2S.00 62.71 (■) (0 W W 8 5.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 (') C) H.o 10.0 2.0 "s'.Q 3.07 (>) 100.00 200.00 25.00 8. Flushing only Rods and steel buckets Jointed rods and flushing. Flushing and scoops drawn by horses. Cleaning machines Jointed rods and flushing Rods Flushing only Flushing only. Brushes, scrapers, and flushing. Scrapers and jointed rods Jointed rods and chains Rods and buckets Sewer-cleaning machine and rods. Flushing only. Jointed rods... C). Jointed rods and cleaning machine. Scrapers and scoops Jointed rods and buckets Scrapers, jointed rods, and flushing. Jointed rods... Jointed rods... Flushing only. 0) Scrapers 0) 6 (■) 98.00 50.00 60.00 Sewer-cleaning machine. . Jointed rods and scrapers. Machine scrapers Sewer rods, chains, and flushing. Jointed rods Rods and flushing Rods and flushing (') 228 2.';0 '750 600 100 1,560 197 650 504 SSB 600 158 1,798 878 2,404 650 213 (■) 223 1.00 1.00 1,000 576 2,629 t,000 i,SOO i,600 1,300 1,008 Sg5 «. 0.88 ) 0.75 1.00 0) (') (■) 639 1,000 348 800 1,100 1,601 230 780 1,080 eoo 420 1,960 550 523 (■) (1) 474 693 2,400 «. 1.00 1.60 0.26 0.20 0) «. »7 1,000 2,088 800 2,200 1,601 690 tm 196 0) 520 1,960 50 915 455 7S0 h 1,046 «. 1.00 1.90 0.37 0.50 <'^ 14.00 0.25 0), 1.00 0.11 1.00 0.78 0.50 0). 3.23 1.26 0.82 1.50 1.00 (') 0) 10 1,830 727 (') 1.00 1.00 1.41 :?SiiXn"SJ?^ ai^"l?l5c^'^™'cire"d'j^''a year. AUothers are unsealed and flushed by storm water. 'Not muse. 92775°— 13 8 114 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 7.— SEWERS— DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE: 1909. [Cities having no record, and making no estimates of volume of sewage, are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, -with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 29. All figures not printed in italics are estimates.] VOLUME OF SEWAGE DISCHAKGED. Estimate of discharge based on- Daily during year (gallons). Average. Maximum. Minimum. Average per person served. Stream or body of water into which sewage is discharged. Grand total. 2,764,185,883 2,484,277,096 1,412,182,266 Group I... Group II.. Group III. Group IV. 1,719,703,838 610,443,330 371,059,617 162,979,098 1,240,895,744 657,119,879 364,106,665 222,154,908 818,290,799 260,316,160 246,313,480 87, 261, 837 172 163 140 152 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1 New York, N.Y. Manhattan Borough. Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. . . Queens Borough Richmond Borough. Chicago, 111 St. Louis, Mo. Boston, Mass.. Cleveland, Ohio. Pittsburgh, Pa.. Buffalo, N.Y... . Cincinnati, Ohio. Milwaukee, Wis.. Newark, N.J New Orleans, La.. Washington, D. C. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Pumpage of water Measurement of flow in three represen- tative districts. Metered water consumption and meas- urement of velocity of flow. Pumpage of water Gauging the flow of discharge Water consumption Water consumption Pumpage of water Pumpage of sewage and water con- sumption. Pumpage of sewage. Pumpage of sewage . 610,411,200 273,000,000 60,000,000 150,836,000 28,210,500 8,364,700 482,026,000 105,882,616 ni,lS8,000 52,812,000 125,000,000 134,761,646 36,072,376 40,000,000 40,000,000 1$, 500, 000 69,000,000 C) (') ^^ (') (') 541,111,000 126,255,698 215,608,500 175,372,250 44,153,296 55,000,000 13,000,000 70,600,000 (') 119 0) 120 125 108 '^ 188 167 423,000,000 61,693,125 275 181 82,164,000 170 8 100 260 114,168,100 24,765,574 36,000,000 (') 354 123 114 154 12,000,000 125 65,500,000 230 North and East Rivers. Harlem and East rivers. Jamaica, Sheepshead, and Gravesend Bays. Jamaica Bay and Flushing River. New York Bay. Chicago River to Desplaines River. Mississippi River. Boston Harbor. Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie. Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers. Niagara River. Ohio River. Lake Michigan. Newark Bay (40 per cent), Passaic River (54 per cent), Arthur Kill (6 per cent). Sewage into Mississippi River. Storm water into Lake Pontchartrain. Potomac River. GROUP II.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Mton. . Los Angles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind Louisville, Ky Providence, R. I Rochester, N.Y St. Paul, Mmn Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Conn. .. Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Memphis, Tonn Richmond, Va Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Term Dayton, Ohio Metered water consumption Measurement of flow at outfall Water consumption Water consumption Capacity of sewers and observation of outfall. Pumpage of water Measurement of overfall at weirs Measurement of overfall at weirs and gauged water consumption. Water consumption Measurements at outlet Water consumption Metered pumpage of sewage Flow through a measuring chamber. . Measurement of discharge Water consumption Water consumption Gauge of the flow Capacity of the outlets Water consumption Pumpage of water Sewer capacity and water consump- tion. Water consumption Capacity of sewers and depth of flow. 9,000,000 16,000,000 40,000,000 24,149,317 112,600,000 35,000,000 19,791,000 21,685,484 8,000,000 30,000,000 15,000,000 11,100,000 14,430,000 8,317,728 16,000,000 3,500,000 33,000,000 30,000,000 12,600,000 14,969,801 16,000,000 13,500,000 8,000,000 (') 21,000,000 (■) 28,777,600 200,000,000 48,000,000 38,645,000 27,918,950 17,000,000 36,000,000 17,500,000 21,400,000 24,838,800 12,476,952 (>) 4,000,000 44,000,000 36,936,000 14,000,000 19,626,677 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 7,611,240 7,000,000 61 73 182 19,719,355 25,000,000 114 60O 22,000,000 9,820,000 15,898,291 269 102 103 6,000,000 24,000,000 94 200 10,500,000 3,100,000 7,960,400 4,168,864 (') 86 74 114 104 124 3,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 11,200,000 36 344 300 124 17,348,000 12,000,000 156 200 12,000,000 7,000,000 193 158 Mississippi River. Pacific Ocean. Hackensack and Hudson Rivers, New- ark and New York Bays. Missouri River. White River. Ohio River. Providence River. Genesee River. Mississippi River. South Platte River. Willamette River. Scioto River. Blackstone River. Chattahoochee and South Rivers. Harbor Brook and Onondaga Creek. Long Island Sound. Passaic River. Missouri River and Saddle Creek. Mississippi and Wolf Rivers. James River. Grand River. Cumberland River. Great Miami River. ' Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. 115 Table 7.— SEWERS— DISCHAEGE OF SEWAGE: 1909— Continued. (Cities having no record, and making no estimates of volume of sewage, are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 29. AH figures not printed in italics are estimates. | VOLUME OF SEWAGE DI3CHAEGED. Estimate of discharge based on — Daily during year (gallons). Average. Maximum. Minimum. Average per person served. Stream or body of water into which sewage is discharged. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 70 100 101 102 105 Albany, N.Y Bridgeport, Conn. Hartford, Conn... Beadhig, Pa Trenton, N.J Son Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass.. . Camden, N.J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del. Springfield, Mass. St. Joseph, Mo Troy,N.Y Yonkers,N. Y Tacoma, Wash Youngstown, Ohio. Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville,Mass. Kansas City, Kans. Waterbury, Conn. . . Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady, N. Y.. Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex. Erie, Pa Peoria, 111 Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind.. Charleston, S.C... Terre Haute, Ind . . East St. Louis, in. Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass... Jacksonville, Fla. Bayonne, N.J Covington, Ky... South Bend, Ind. Passaic, N.J Altoona, Pa Pawtucket, R. I.- Water consumption Water consumption Water consumpi^ion Pumpage of sewage Velocity and depth of flow. Measurement of flow Water consumption Water consumption Water consumption Pumpage of sewage and measurement of flow. Water consumption . Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption. Water consumption . Water consumption. Pumpage of water. . . Water consumption . Water consumption. . Water consumption. , Water consumption. Water consumption. Hoboken, N.J Water consumption Manchester, N. H Pumpage of water Evansville, Ind Water consumption - Birmingham, Ala 1905 record allowing for mcrease of sewers. Akron Ohio Metered water consumption Water consumption Estimate by engineer Measurement of dry-weather flow Water consumption and observation of flow. Estimate by engineer Water consumption. Pumpage of sewage. , Pumpage of water. . . Pumpage of water. . . Water consumption. Pumpage of sewage - . . Occasional measurements of flow. Estimate by city official Water consumption Water consumption Population and gauge of flow Estimate of city official Sewage handled by filtration plant. . 20,000,000 22,000,000 6,810,000 3,000,000 15,500,000 15,000,000 7,472,129 6,000,000 6,600,000 9,000,000 6,394,209 6,000,000 6,500,000 7,280,179 15,000,000 7,556,297 3,000,000 (') 776,000 5,500,000 6,331,000 7,560,000 10,600,000 6,800,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 4,250,000 9,500,000 6,500,000 9,000,000 7,359,783 8,000,000 11,320,720 45,000,000 9,000,000 2,772,000 1,162,000 2,000,000 10,000,000 5,600,000 s.ui'.soo 2,000,000 1,800,000 2,780,000 2,800,000 5,500,000 5,000,000 3,000,000 23,000,000 24,000,000 ?'> C) 30,000,000 19,848,685 12,741,680 (') 8,000,000 9,500,000 11,340,600 8,000,000 9,240,000 13,000,000 7,000,000 18,000,000 (■) 4,500,000 13,000,000 7,000,000 11,000,000 8,793,600 9,000,000 13,410,000 60,000,000 « C) 12,000,000 8,700,000 3,892,100 2,100,000 2,100,000 2,940,000 (>) 6,000,000 (■) 6,000,000 17,000,000 20,000,000 209 244 12,000,000 42 268 12,000,000 4,267,800 3,000,000 8,500,060 222 83 133 113 138 15,000,000 4,017,000 9,000,000 77 100 79 103 214 (') 7,000,000 3,500,000 126 49 14 170 fi -son nnn 83 114 8,500,000 4,600,000 9,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 5,500,000 7,000,000 6,368,000 7,000,000 7,793,280 30,000,000 8,000,000 5,000,000 B,S4S,iOO 1,900,000 1,600,000 2,414,000 (') 6,000,000 0) 2,000,000 233 89 147 96 71 413 144 226 175 172 189 750 66 77 67 222 Hudson River. Pequonnock River. Connecticut River. Schuylkill River. Delaware River. Mitchell Lake. Acushnet River and Buzzards Bay, Delaware River and Cooper Creek. Trinity River. Jordan River. Lynn Harbor. Christiana and Brand ywine Creeks. Coimecticut River. Missouri River. Hudson River. Hudson River. Puget Sound. Mahoning River. St. Louis Bay and Lake Superior. Buflalo Bayou. Mystic and Miller Rivers and Boston Harbor. Jersey Creek, Kansas and Missouri Rivers. Naugatuck River. Elizabeth River. Mohawk River. Hudson River. Merrimac and Piscataquog Rivers. Ohio River and Pigeon Creek. Village and Valley Creeks. Little Cuyahoga River. Elizabeth River. Trinity River. Presque Isle Bay. Illinois River. Paxton Creek. Maumee River. Cooper and Ashley Rivers. Wabash River. Cahokia Creek (empties into Missis- sippi River). Connecticut River. Cohesset River. St. Johns River. Newark Bay. Oiilo and Licking Rivers. 100 St. Joseph River. 138 Passaic River. Ill Little Juniata River. 76 Blackstone and Moshassuck Rivers. 1 Not reported. 116 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 7.— SEWERS— DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE: 1909— Continued. [Cities having no record, and making no estimates of volume of sewage, are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 29. All figures not printed in italics are estimates.] • CITY. VOLUME OF SEWAGE DISCHARGED. ^ Estimate of discharge based on- Daily during year (gallons). Stream or body of water into which a b Average. Maximum. Minimum. Average per person served. sewage is discharged. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 107 108 109 110 113 114 117 119 120 121 122 123 125 126 127 129 130 131 132 133 134 137 138 139 140 141 143 144 145 146 148 149 150 151 152 154 155 157 Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, 111 Binghamton, N. Y. . Little Eocli, Ark. . . . Springfield, Ohio RocMord,Ill Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Term. . Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal Maiden, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salein,Mass New Britain, Conn. . McKecsport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va.... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Kalamazoo, Mich Montgomery, Ala Woonsocket, R. I.... Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass Elmira,N.Y Quincy^ lil KnoxviUe, Term Newcastle, Pa Auburn, N.Y West Hoboken, N. J. Joliet,Ill. Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Chelsea, Mass Joplin, Mo Newport, Ky Flow of sewage over weirs Water consumption Pumpage of water Pumpage of water Water consumption Water consumption , Pumpage of water Water consumption Area served and velocity of flow 1907 report allowing for increase Pumpage of sewage and of water Water consumption Pumpage of water Metered pumpage of sewage Weir reading at purification works Water consumption Water consumption Estimate of city official , Pumpage of water Estimate of engineer Water consumption Pumpage of water Water consumption Pumpage of sewage Water consumption Measurement at weir at dry flow period. Pumpage of water Water consumption Water consumption Depth and velocity of flow Water consumption Wates consumption Pumpage of water Occasional measurements of flow Water consumption Water consumption Capacity of sewers and population served. Water consumption S, 430,000 4,000,000 7,000,000 4,000,000 2,640,000 2,968,812 2,710,102 2,000,000 5)832,000 2,400,000 30,000,000 10,800,000 7,497,020 2,U0,Ii21 6,000,000 4,742,500 13,200,000 1,850,000 1,600,000 3,000,000 900,000 1,500,000 2,790,000 800,000 1,350,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 1,500,000 5,160,000 5,500,000 6,691,423 1,000,000 3,600,000 650,000 2,600,000 2,860,000 1,200,000 2,066,820 2,6S8,000 6,000,000 10,000,000 6,210,000 2,880,000 3,392,928 (') 3,000,000 6,480,000 2,640,000 72,000,000 (') 10,580,690 S,eS9,SS0 7,000,000 (') 17,600,000 1,900,000 (') 6,000,000 1,100,000 2,000,000 0) 1,200,000 1,500,000 3,500,000 10,000,000 1,750,000 5,800,000 20,000,000 7,784,000 (') 1,000,000 n 3,000,000 2,580,000 S,6S8,000 3,000,000 5,500,000 2,000,000 2,400,000 76 133 350 100 69 1,399,583 (>) 1,000,000 5,184,000 165 97 57 153 1,800,000 96 10,000,000 (') 5,559,210 l,6SS,89i S, 000,000 857 321 214 ^^1 (') 136 10,100,000 1,800,000 (') 1,066,000 330 53 50 97 800,000 1,000,000 C) S05,000 1,200,000 31 75 93 42 42 2,800,000 2,250,000 1,000,000 4,520,000 5,000,000 115 86 100 161 183 5,252,000 235 33 180 500,000 65 600,000 81 89 60 1,764,150 138 Nimischillen Creek. Arkansas River. Sangamon River. Susqueliatma and Chenango Rivers. Arkansas River and Fourche Bayou. Lagonda Creek and Mad River. Rock River. Salt Creek. Tennessee Biver and Chattanooga Creek. Kaw River. Sacramento River. Boston Harbor. Arkansas and Fountain Rivers. Atlantic Ocean. Mattabessett River. Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers. Ohio River and Wheeling Creek. Savannah River. Superior Bay and St. Louis River. Boston Harbor througli Metropolitan system. Mississippi River. Kalamazoo River. Alabama River. Blackstone River. Galveston Bay and Gulf of Mexico. Nashua River. Chemung River. Mississippi River Tennessee River. Shenango River. Owasco River. Hudson and Hackensack Rivers. Des Plaines River, Hickory Creek, and Chicago Canal. Taunton River. Boston Harbor. Boston Harbor. Turkey Creek. Ohio and Licking Rivers. ■ Not reported. ' No data lor computation reported. GENERAL TABLES. Table 8 — SEWERS— PUMPING OP SEWAGE: 1909. 117 [Only cities that pump sewage are included in this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 30. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 31 aiY. SEWAGE PUMPED DURING TEAK. Daily capacity of pumps (gallons). Average static head against which pumps work (feet). Kind of power used in pumping. Aver- age num- ber of em- ployees at pump- mgsta- ti?n. EXPENSES OP PUMPING STAIION Total quantity (millions of gallons). Per cent of total dis- charge. Million gallons (ayerage) per— FOE TEAK. i Total. Per i Day. Employee at pumping station. milUon gallons raised 1 foot. GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. NewYork, N. Y Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough. . . Chicago, 111 Boston, Mass Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Frandsco, Cal. . . Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N. J New Orleans, La Washii^ton, D. C . . . 5,176 4,724 451 39,320 36,917 O 4,000 10 2 224,168 5,377 23, 748 (') 9.5 90.9 6.0 8.0 O.S W iO.O 100.0 94.0 14.18 12.94 1.24 107.73 101.14 10.96 0.03 614. 16 14.73 65.06 612.71 400.00 3.33 5,337.34 597.47 29,000,000 26,500,000 2,500,000 1,015,000,000 192,000,000 18,000,000 68,168,519 1,008,000 141,400,000 30,000,000 n, 000,000 736,000,000 12 25 and 30 (0 Steam Steam Steam Steam and gas. Steam Steam Electric Steam Electric Steam GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Providence, R.I St. Paul, Minn Columbus, Ohio Worcester, Mass Memphis, Term Grand Rapids, Mich. Dayton, Ohio 6,819 3,849 41 50 (•) 150 92.0 1.0 95.0 5.0 1.1 (■) 3.5 18.68 10.54 0.11 0.14 524.57 296.07 20.63 24.80 150. 00 105,000,000 (■) 16,000,000 1,065,600 1,008,000 1,536,000 25,34-1,000 27 24 25 and 60 (') 70 7 IS 'i^ « 59 $38,929 104,136 72 4 10 3 78,423 5,365 1,240 (') 42 9 30 30 61,530 15,073 50,000 43,000 Steam Electric... Steam and Electiic... Electric... Electric... Electric... $0.33 13 $19,759 1 1,200 13 24,200 2 5,008 2 3,405 6 550 1 600 0.06 0.02 0.18 $0.11 0.97 '6.19 GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. Hartford, Conn." Reading, Pa Salt Late City, Utah Lyim, Mass Houston, Tex Norfolk, Va Charleston, S. C EastSt. Louis, 111... Brockton, Mass Jacksonville, Fla ') '.J (') 1,095 50.0 3.00 1,085 33.3 2.97 0) 2,008 100.0 5.60 2,598 95.0 7.12 420 100.0 1.15 y,2i7 33.3 3.33 1,185 100.0 3.25 237 33.3 0.65 1S2.50 271.25 401.50 199.82 140. 16 405.56 395.09 237. 26 W 20,000,000 W 14,400,000 15,307,200 65,000,000 (') 14,000,000 5,000,000 (') (■) (') 24 and 25 25 19 Steam Electric and gas. .. Electnc Steam Steam and electric Electric Steam and electric Steam Electric "6 4 1 $40,000 5 11,687 13 3 21,555 2,994 3 3 1 s,eso 5,056 2,780 (') $0.91 0.36 0.29 0.16 O.U 0.23 GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 112 122 126 133 Saginaw, Mich.'.. Sioux City, Iowa. Sacramento, Cal.. Salem, Mass Newton, Mass Woonsocket, R. I. I}) 0) 10,950 1,546 12 250 (') 100.0 90.0 1.0 100.0 30.00 4.24 0.03 0.68 1,095.00 615.29 11.55 125.00 5,846,400 (') 72,000,000 28,000,000 432,000 5,760,000 Electric. Steam Steam Electric. Gasoline. Steam $146 1,000 22,224 7,600 (') 3,655 $0. 12 0.35 0.61 1 Not reported. 2 Reported with employees of another department. 8 Includes principally pumpage of water from Lake Michigan into rivers to flush out mouths of rivers receiving sewage. < 2.78 feet Milwaukee River; 3.08 feet Kinnikumick River; 13.50 feet Menominee River. ' 9.40 feet Station 1; 41.75 feet Station 2; 185.30 (3 lifts) feet Station 3; 63.20 feet Station 4. e Small pumping station for pumping sewage when the river is high. The station is not often used. ' Small pumping station for pumping storm water in emergency. 118 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 9 — SEWERS— SEWAGE-PURIFICATION SYSTEMS: 1909. [Cities having no sewage purification systems are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetioaUy by states, with the number assigned to each, £ page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 31. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] CITY. AVERAGE DAn.Y QUANTITY (GAl- LONS) OF SEW- AGE TREATED. Sewer sys- tems for whichsewage was purified. Sewage pump- ed. Apparatus for preliminary process. TANKS. FILTERS. Body of water Into b Total. Per cent of total for city. Kind. Num- ber. Kind. Num- ber. which effluent is discharged. 1 New York, N.Y.: Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough... Providence, R.I St. Paul, Minn Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Worcester, Mass Omaha, Nebr 12,937,500 4,750,000 19,257,233 20,000 18,000 21,800,000 14,368,000 150,000 6,000,000 200,000 5,500,000 30,000 3,247,300 960,000 264,368 40,000 6,000,000 800,000 '500,000 8.6 16.8 97.3 0.2 0.1 100.0 99.5 0.5 100.0 0) 100.0 0.3 100.0 19.2 8.8 (') 1.5 100.0 100.0 7.6 Combined... Combined. . . Sanitary Combined. . . Both Both W Combmed... W Both Sanitary Sanitary Sanitary Combined... Sanitary Sanitaiy Sanitary Sanitary Sanitary Yes... Yes... Yes... Yes... Screens Chemical precipi- tation. Chemical precipi- tation and set- tling. Chemical precipi- tation. 4 4 20 1 2 8 •16 1 1 2 Jamaica, Sheepshead, and Gravesend Bays. Jamaica Bay. Providence River 9A Screens and grit chambers. Screens and grit chambers. Sand filter 3 9/} Mississippi Biver. Tributary of Willa. mette Elver. Scioto River ?8 No.... Septic » Yes... Yes... No.... Yes... No.... Screens Settling and septic Settling, septic, and chemical precipitation. Septic Sprinklingfilter. Sand Alter 4 66 31 ,S7 Screens and grit chambers. Blackstone River. 51 Beading, Pa Sprinklingfilter. Sand filter Sand filter Sand filter Sand filter Sand filter Sand filter 2 2 18 2 37 40 16 Schuylkill River. 61 Des Moines, Iowa Houston, Tex , Septior. m Yes... No.... Screens ... coon Rivers. Buflalo Bayou. Little Cuyahoga Biver. 80 Akron, Ohio 94 Brockton, Mass Altoona, Pa Yes... No... Screens 10? ia5 Pawtucket, R. 1 Canton, Ohio No.... No.... Settling 2 4 5 2 IW Settling 113 Little Rock, Ark New Britain, Conn Woonsocket, B.I Auburn, N.Y No.... No.... Yes... No.... Grit chambers Screens Settling Fourclie Bayou. Willow Rrnok li!7 Settling Sand filter Sand filter 33 5 4 139 Blackstone Biver. Owasco River. 148 Screens and grit chambers. Septic 2 ' Not reported. 2 Plant in operation only a few days. s Includes 1 septic and I settling tank used for experimental purposes. GENERAL TABLES. Table 10 — SEWERS— SEWAGE PURIFICATION IN TANKS: 1909. 119 [Cities having no sewage purification tanks are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 80. J! or a text discussion of this table, see page 31. Figures printed in italics are estimates. ] 24 31 26 28 29 37 61 148 51 105 107 113 127 New York, N. Y.: Brooklyn Borough. Queens Borough . . . Providence, R. I Worcester, Mass St. Paul, Minn Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Omaha, Nebr Des Moines, Iowa Auburn, N. Y Beading, Pa Pawtuoket, R.I Canton, Ohio Little Rock, Ark New Britain, Conn. . . TANKS. Kind. Chemical p r e - cipitation. Chemical pre- cipitation and settling. Chemical pre- cipitation. Chemical pre- cipitation. Septic Septic Septic , Septic Septic , Septic Settling Settling Settling Settling , Settling Num- ber. 4 4 20 2 16 1 Capacity (gallons). 500,000 832,500 11,130,000 5,000,000 40,000 20,000 12,020,000 (") 40,000 500,000 1,500,000 66,000 718, 130 115,000 200,000 Average quantity (gallons) of sewage treated daily. 12,937,500 3,500,000 19,257,233 10,100,000 20,000 18,000 11,100,000 150,000 100,000 BBO,000 3,000,000 264,368 (') J,0,000 6,000,000 Average detention period (hours). 0. 7 to 1. 6.5 4.0 5 to 10 24.0 24.0 8.0 10.0 6.0 12.0 6 to 8 (') 48.0 0.8 SLUDGE. Amount (cubic yards) per million gallons of sewage treated. 20.0 2.5 20.2 21.2 (') (') (■) 2.0 0.3 W 4.6 10.0 35.0 Frequency of removal. Weekly Every 3 weeks . Weekly 3 to 8 weeks Once in 3 years.. Once per year 5 times per year. , 6 times per year. 2 times per year. Every 5 weeks... Every 6 weeks... Weekly Every 4 months.. 4 times per year. . Weekly COST OF- Construction. Total. S108,870 209,481 265,629 4,200 Per million gallons capacity. $130,775 18,821 53, 126 105,000 9,975 30,435 10,000 Operation. Total. 933,500 60,286 34,660 (') 60 0) 600 800 {') (') (') 508 80 (■) Per million gallons treated. $26. 22 8.58 9.40 Per 1,000 con- tribut- ing popula- tion. $223.33 310.75 273.99 1 Not reported. 2 Includes 1 septic and 1 settling tank for experimental purposes. » Includes 4 primary septic tanks (cubic content, 710,000 gallons each), 2 secondary septic tanks (cubic content, 2,590,000 gallons each), and 2 settling tanks for settling sewage after it has passed through sprinkling filters (cubic content, 2,000,000 gallons each). *From 6.5 to 16 hours. Table 11.— SEWERS— SEWAGE PURIFIOATION IN FILTERS: 1909. [Cities having no purification beds are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page f For a text discussion of this table, see page 32. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] air. Kind of filters. Date of construc- tion. Num- ber of fil- ters. Area of filters (acres). Depth of fil- tering material (inches). DOSING. (JUANTlTy(GALL0N3)TKE ATED DAILY. Per cent of sus- pended solids re- moved. EXPENSES OF OPERATION. 1 Hours per dose. Times per month. Average. Maximum. Total. Per million gallons treated. Per acre of beds. a 3 Total. Per acre of beds. 1 New York, N.Y.: Queens Borough — Worcester, Mass Des Moines, Iowa Houston, Tex Sand filter. Sand filter. Sand filter. Sand flltsr. Sand filter. Sand filter. Sand filter. Sand filter. Sand filter. Sand filter. Sprinklmg filter. Sprinkling filter. Contact 1905 1899-1909 1906-1907 « 1907 1894 1896 1894 1901 1895 1906-1008 (') 1909 3 66 2 »18 2 37 40 16 33 5 4 2 4 1.00 65.20 0.44 20.61 0.26 37.00 70.00 3.36 37.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 2.00 K 34 ^''36 60 43 60 64 60 48 2 to 6 10 (') 2 6 9 2to6 17 6 1,250,000 4,268,000 100,000 5,500,000 S0,000 3,247,300 960,000 137,145 6,000,000 800,000 10,700,000 3,000,000 "250,000 1,250,000 65,460 227,273 266,861 115,385 87,765 13,714 40,817 162,162 200,000 1,070,000 1,500,000 123.000 1,500,000 13,450,000 (*) 8,000,000 40,000 3,892,100 (<) 216r403 7,000,000 1,200,000 21,400,000 (<) 1,000,000 85 100 ''^80 «85 60 88 18 50 $15,000 15,233 i,mo 7,878 (') 7,370 600 5,999 7,415 3,502 8,500 40,000 (<) $32.88 9.77 32.88 3.92 $15, 000. 00 31 61 69 80 94 in? 4 to 16 36 (') 180 10 "l5 8 6 233.63 2,727.27 382.24 Brockton, Mass Altoona, Pa 6.21 1.71 119.74 3.39 11.99 2.18 36.53 199.19 8.57 105 127 139 29 51 Pawtucket, R. I New Britain, Conn. .. Woonsocket, R. I Columbus, Ohio 1,785.41 200.41 875.50 850.00 20,000.00 143 Auburn, N.Y (10) 90 1 From 43 to 60 inches. 2 Flows continuously, s From 48 to 72 inches. < Not reported. 5 Includes 6 coke and gravel beds and 12 sand beds. • Coke and gravel beds, 14 inches (coke 6 Inches, gravel 8 inches); sand beds, 12 inches. ,...„. ' Sewage flows on beds continuously; coke and gravel beds rested and cleaned every 2 weeks; sand beds rested for 2 days every weeks. » From 84 to 96 inches. » Slag bed built in 1907; stone bed begun in 1908, not completed. " Filling, 2 hours; standing full, 2 hours; emptying, 1 hour; standing empty, 3 hours. " Plant in operation but a few days. 120 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 12.— REFUSE DISPOSAL-QUANTITY OP GARBAGE, ASHES, AND RUBBISH COLLECTED, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES ENGAGED IN SERVICE, AND EXPENSES OP COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL: 1909. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 39. Figures printed in itaUcs are estimates.) aTY. QUANTITY COLLECTED DXJKING YEAK (CUBIC YAKDS). NUMBER or EMPLOYEES. EXPENSES OF COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL. All refuse. Garbage. Ashes. Rubbish. Total. City em- ploy- ees. Con- trac- tors. Per 10^000 habit- ants. Per 10,000 cubic yards collected by — Total. Per 1,000 inhabit- ants. Total. Collected by- Per 1,000 m- habit- ants. Per l,CflO cubic 1 -a 3 City em- ployees. Contrac- tors. City, em- ploy- ees. Con- trac- tors. yards col- lected. Grand total 19,264,373 13,913,236 5,361,137 843 5,348,024 10,562,302 3,354,047 12,450 8,396 4,064 5.5 6.0 7.6 7,781,879 8340.72 {403.95 13,254,172 3,115,025 2,175,513 719,663 9,699,881 2,078,744 1,645,166 489,466 3,554,291 1,036,281 630,358 230,207 958 709 648 573 2,675,593 1,637,906 903,862 330,663 7,866,133 1,375,195 1,044,164 286,810 2,822,446 201,924 227,487 102,190 8,424 1,941 1,560 535 5,484 1,419 1,163 330 2,940 522 387 205 6.1 4.4 4.6 4.3 5.7 6.8 7.1 6.7 8.3 5.0 7.3 8.9 4,709,060 1,439,656 1,240,270 392,893 340.46 327.58 369.36 312.95 366.29 Group II 462.17 570.10 545.94 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. New York, N. Y. . Chicago, III Philadelphia, Pa. . St. Louis, Mo..'... Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio. . . Pittsburgh. Pa.... Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y Cincinnati, Ohio.. Milwaukee, Wis... Newark, N. J New Orleans, La. . Washington, D. C. 5,674,319 1,420,728 1,669,487 81,523 898,435 660,386 286,764 163,849 241,387 496,285 276,328 717,995 218,000 358,944 5,667,825 1,420,728 81,523 683,047 560,386 286,764 27,845 241,387 222,634 B99,7iS 218,000 1,569,487 215,388 136,004 496,285 53,694 717,996 358,944 1/ 663 1,028 120 1,367 993 533 311 539 1,195 767 836 2,137 662 1,100 1660,881 186,636 651,360 81,623 105,595 162,608 71,344 136,004 50,260 50,564 53,694 8g,7iS 38,706 181,666 72,110 2,788,872 1,234,192 810,347 692,865 397,778 202,752 191,127 266,466 222,634 117,000 671,054 161,066 2,224,566 0) 107,780 99,976 <*.} «12,6 27,845 (') 179,265 ('J (0 » 8,235 36,334 125,778 939 176 697 249 304 381 173 468 317 158 353 140 301 2 2,680 S852 C) 176 565 2 235 304 ('») 173 "63 117 158 "13 140 3, 12 189 »147 32 200 340 293 6.2 4.7 6.2 2.6 9.1 4.5 6.6 7.2 3.9 11.3 4.4 10.5 4.2 9.2 4.7 «7.0 290.8 "6.'6 21.6 8.3 1.4 «4.6 1 10.6 28.0 7.2 "9.4 5.3 37.2 .5.3 "4.9 6.4 "8.4 m $1,231,205 » 488, 588 » 170,452 631,311 236,507 313,050 » 261, 667 "61,209 272,075 8 207,633 300,527 196,339 169,635 179,872 « SS74.75 320.09 251.73 960.45 426.83 58L48 476.90 136.79 656.11 576.04 836.98 581.45 507.17 561.03 (') S866.60 311.30 2/090.92 702.68 429.71 1,09L68 1,535.90 253.57 648.23 761.40 1,002.63 272.06 778.14 601.12 Group II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Mmn. . Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. 1 Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind . . . Louisville, ^ Providence, R. I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Corm. . Scranton, Pa. Paterson, N. J Fall River, Mass Memphis, Term Richmond, Va Grand Rapids, Mich Nashville, Term Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio 54,531 6S,876 609,207 86,428 168,910 SLSBB SS,ilS 387,937 19,320 SO, 000 29,553 13,522 324,271 134,660 27,000 113,725 100,600 65,i9S 76,690 216,170 69,626 204,636 43,836 149,231 71,644 54,531 6S,srB 91,SBS 321,608 19,320 80,000 29,563 13,522 324,271 134,660 'ii3,'725 SO, 495 76,690 218,170 69,625 204,636 43,836 149,231 71,644 509,207 66,428 168,910 82,416 66,329 80,392 27,000 "100,600 6,000 186 220 1,947 233 411 148 1,833 91 178 179 95 2,386 1,007 206 892 817 475 657 1,862 633 1,867 421 1,441 714 48, 509, 56, •48, »51, 82, 66, 19, SO, 12, 13, 324, 23, 27, ,*' H, I, 28, 11, 24, 16, 15, 17,724 6,069 (") 100,000 22,600 'saileos 17,178 111,396 105,570 80,000 60,495 47,910 lis, 180 9,126 184,092 34,129 99,466 55,763 10,139 (») 10,910 • 17,648 ■"'(')■ "■(»)■■ 6,200 m (') 91,704 36,600 5,488 23,435 61 2 44 83 55 132 124 49 225 27 51 22 61 248 61 44 K\ "10 45 "1 131 124 "1 4? »167 6S 27 "6 63 51 2 22 51 248 80 28 H "1 23 24 15 94 69 40 41 60 92 S28 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.3 5.8 5.6 2.2 10.6 1.3 3.3 3.0 1.3 3.6 18.2 6.0 2.1 4.2 1.9 3.3 8.1 £.9 3.6 3.7 4.8 11.2 6.9 1.6 "9.8 "8.3 13.6 "15.1 5.2 8.7 14.0 "8.6 17.0 7.4 37.7 7.6 5.9 i3.7 4.7 "2.3 4.8 30.0 12.3 3.2 6.7 2.0 11.4 6.2 «12.4 S61,486 47,727 48,038 51,724 87,617 93,606 27,590 189,606 24,776 "4,848 39,947 28,596 37,?38 143,730 68,619 13,950 22,012 37,158 40,876 64,719 64,628 38,241 46,815 40,896 79,921 44,893 $208.89 164.08 183.72 213.94 383.12 421.10 125.57 895.80 117.11 $1,127.56 747.14 94.34 916.60 551.36 1,024.70^ 851.02 488.75 1,282.40 237.28 173.04 263.50 1,057.46 513.12 106.21 172.63 301.90 349.64 554.53 470.73 347.46 427.07 392.66 7n.96 447.45 1,331.57 967.68 2,783.88 443.24 609.57 616.67 193.66 369.36 736.50 843.90 252. n 649.28 228.77 932.85 535.66 626.65 1 Includes 72,855 cubic yards of mixed refuse. 2 Some employees engaged in refus&Klisposal work reported with employees of another department. 3 Not reported. ' Rubbish included with ashes, s Employed only in the disposal of refuse. 8 Includes employees of contractor, see note 5. ' No city employees other than inspectors of contract work, and they are reported under another department. ' Part of the expenses of refuse disposal is included with the expenses of street cleaning. ' Waste paper only. Other rubbish included with ashes. " A total ot^991 men employed from 6 to 11 days in disposing of refuse collected on "Clean city day." i» Expense of garbage removal only. 12 Employees reported are engaged in the inspection of contract work, or the collection of dead animals, or the disposal of refuse, or all three. " Includes city employees, see note 12. '< Ashes and rubbish included with garbage. » Includes some rubbish. " Expense of refuse-disposal inspection. Garbage removed free of cost to city by the contractor. GENERAL TABLES. 121 Table 12.— REFUSE DISPOSAL— QUANTITY OF GARBAGE, ASHES, AND RUBBISH COLLECTED, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES ENGAGED IN SERVICE, AND EXPENSES OF COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL: 1909— Continued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 39. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] QTY. QUANTITY COLLECTED DURING TEAE (CUBIC TABDS). NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. EXPENSES OF COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL. All refuse. Garbage. Ashes. Rubbish. TotaU City em- ploy- ees. Con- trac- tors. Per 10,000 in- habits ants. Per 10,000 cubic yards collected by- Total. Per 1,000 inhabits ants. !S Total. Collected by- Per 1,000 in- habit ants. Per 1,000 cubic •a City em- ployees. Contrac- tors. City em- ploy- ees. Con- trac- tors. yards col- lected. GROUP ni.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 64 97 100 101 103 104 105 Bridgeport, Conn Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Reading, Fa Trenton.N. J San Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass. . Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass liwrenoej Mass Troy.N.Y Yonkers.N. Y Youngstnwn, Ohio.. . Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Utloa,N.Y Waterbury, Coim Elizabeth, N. J Hoboken, N. T Manchester, N. H Evansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala.... Norfolk, Va Wilkes-Barre, Pa Savannah, Ga Harrisburg, Fa Fort Wayne, Ind Charleston, S. C Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind East St. Louis, ni — Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla. Bayonne, N. J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Passaic.N. J Mobile, Ala Allentown, Pa Pawtucket, R.I 15, 625 49, 7S5 118,076 14,048 66,752 13,104 96,651 s,mo SB, 400 36,222 88,319 61,gS8 48,328 62,577 141,465 16,100 7,702 "600 61,480 89,559 93,486 13,904 S8,S0O 41,400 60,682 2,967 56,160 131,705 "403 57,797 54,000 8,656 42,442 s,seo SI, 600 5,760 44,406 189,080 86,874 B9,m 24.466 67; 214 5,600 9,927 8.2S0 8,750 6,400 49,7SS 66,762 13,104 84,240 8, mo S2,40O 36,222 88,319 SB, 000 48,328 62,677 141,465 $6,100 600 51,480 89,559 49,632 2,967 66,160 131,705 403 57,797 42,442 4,800 5,760 41,600 189,080 86,874 29, m 24,466 67,214 5,600 8,220 16,625 118,075 14,048 11,411 9,288 1,1^, 93,486 13,904 88,600 41,400 1,050 54,000 8,656 3,7 60 Bi,eoo 2,806 9,927 8,750 6,400 157 503 1,215 149 706 141 1,032 89 370 415 1,013 709 561 753 1,844 341 101 8 678 1,181 1,290 195 1,244 596 736 43 819 1,981 6 884 14 725 148 377 102 788 3,420 1,620 550 460 1,085 108 192 160 173 128 15,626 27,280 34,376 14,048 20,652 13,104 11,411 (') 12,091 9,288 8,489 5,467 141,466 26,100 7,702 450 61,480 11,860 17,971 13,904 88,600 (') 1,050 2,967 56,160 14,054 53,226 16,500 8,666 42,442 8,660 21,800 5,760 2,806 6,400 78,282 5,928 6,464 5,600 9,927 8,2m 8,750 6,400 16,600 66.100 46,200 84.240 ^,260 27,734 68,530 62,000 39,839 47,630 C) (») 72,759 7B,4PS m 37,800 49,632 (») 18,391 30 1,718 37,600 C) 41,000 183,680 1,332 616 18,538 60,750 6,976 ^18,600 «. 32,400 8,488 9,480 m m 160 (") 4,950 (<) 3,800 m 99,260 373 2,863 (0 m '600 (<) 7,260 24,800 f^l 12 53 12 ■"24' 54 530 17 14 26 66 23 79 76 53 60 15 i«18 29 76 11 m 10 68 M2 137 63 14 27 12 19 24 531 32 45 35 6 24 6 30 6 12 >2 29 3.1 6.4 7.9 1.4 2.6 6.8 6.6 1.8 1.6 3.0 6.4 5.2 9.2 9.1 7.8 1.2 2.4 3.8 10.0 5.7 3.0 2.8 2.9 0.4 1.4 8.5 6.3 1.1 8.2 9.3 1.6 4.6 2.8 2.6 4.2 6.6 5.8 8.4 6.6 4.5 5.7 1.5 2.7 2.3 1.6 1.8 10.6 '3.' 6 41.2 3.6 20.7 4.3 7.2 6.3 4.4 16.4 12.1 3.7 23.0 (10) 5.6 8.5 33.3 10.3 3.2 (13) 9.2 6.4 26.0 41.4 7.6 1.7 6.2 11.9 9.8 6.2 14.3 ni.7 S6.6 10.0 27.2 24.4 15.1 2.3 4.8 30.0 10.6 ill. 6 10.5 »6.9 21.4 14.1 29.1 14.1 $34,343 59, 036 34,785 26,430 28,931 27,689 49,768 6 1,006 10,125 39,416 60,761 33,098 54,562 60,469 63,892 60,365 20,812 10 6,312 17,450 63,908 33,992 21,442 11,825 10,166 22,534 7,857 38,890 26,969 "2,786 63,652 26,520 10,375 18,644 "10,198 9,886 15 6.374 26,664 31,862 51,859 13,639 13,907 18,140 6,924 9,620 11,345 8,173 2,900 t345.86 696.62 367.80 279.51 305.99 298.44 536.76 («) 115.57 451.36 682.21 382.90 632.90 727. 67 702. 45 $2,198.66 1, 186. 41 294.59 1,881.14 433.42 2.113.66 620.20 («) 312.50 1,088.24 574.63 540.02 1,128.95 966.27 380.97 272.98 (10) 229.76 842.78 468.98 301.19 166.22 146.38 327.05 114.28 566.91 405.46 (18) 434.18 170.31 318.37 176.37 172.47 112.46 472.93 576.37 967.34 256.04 261.61 3+4.08 132.92 186.97 221.37 161.36 57.84 2,702.86 ('°>™ 338.97 713.58 363.67 1,542.59 133.62 245.56 444.63 2,645.45 692.49 204.70 (13) 928.24 491.11 1,198.04 439.30 1, 192. 75 457.69 1,106.60 600.41 168.51 596.97 466.81 668.33 317.08 1,236.43 968.78 1,380.17 934.06 453. 12 1 Employees reported are engaged in the inspection of contract work, or the collection of dead animals, or the disposal of refuse, or all three. 3 Includes city employees, see note 1. » Waste paper only. Other rubbish included with ashes. ' Rubbisn Included with ashes. ^ j .x,. , . ti, j„„„.rf„„„t « Some employees engaged in refuse-disposal work reported with employees of another department. • Expense of disposal of ashes; all other expenses of refuse-disposal work mcluded with street cleanmg. ' GarlDage inclu(fed with ashes. 8 Ashes and rubbish included with garbage. 10 Ctty'cSl^'tei a small amount of refuse, with one wagon as an experiment, nearly all collections being private. City employed 10 inspectors, and collections were disposed of in its incinerator. 11 Rubbish included with garbage. " Reported with employees of another department. 122 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 12.— REFUSE DISPOSAL— QUANTITY OF GARBAGE, ASHES, AND RUBBISH COLLECTED, NUMBER OP EMPLOYEES ENGAGED IN SERVICE, AND EXPENSES OP COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL: 1909— Continued. IFor a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 39. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] CITY. QUANTITY COLLECTED DUBIKG YEAK (CUBIC YAEDS). NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. EXPENSES OP COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL. All refuse. Garbage. Ashes. Rubbish. Total. City em- ploy- ees. Con- trac- tors. Per 10,000 in- habit- ants. Per 10,000 cubic yards collected by- Total. Per 1,000 inhabit- ants. si Total. CoUoctod by- Per 1,000 in- habit- ants. Per 1,000 cubic 1 S City em- ployees. Contrac- tors. City em- ploy- ees. Con- trac- tors. yards col- lected. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. HI 112 114 115 117 118 120 123 124 125 126 127 128 130 131 133 134 135 136 138 140 141 144 145 147 148 149 151 152 154 156 157 Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa. . . Springfield, Ohio. . . Atlantic City, N. S . Rockford, ni York, Pa Chattanooga, Tenn. Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britainj Conn. Va.. Davenport, fowa Wheelmg, W. Va Augusta, Ga Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa. . . Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Montgomery, Ala. Galveston, Tex... Fitchburg, Mass.. Quincy, 111 Knoxville, Tenn. Macon, Ga Aubiam, N. Y West Hoboken, N. J. Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass.. Chelsea, Mass... La Crosse, Wis. Newport, Ky... 7,200 11, ISO 30,ei8 22,400 8,064 34,344 39,280 39,179 SOO 5,616 1S,6B7 9,6S1 22,476 66,528 g,99S 30,270 U,S1S 97,903 24,960 9,140 6,67S 30,343 U,970 4,173 39,000 9,000 19,957 15,314 1,620 13,532 7,200 11,250 28,890 1,728 22,400 8,064 48,666 34, 344 39,280 SO, 000 I' goo 9,179 24,268 5,616 16,617 9,661 22,476 60,468 6,060 2,996 30,270 14,613 97,903 24,960 3,700 5,440 6,678 30,343 li,970 4,173 39,000 7,500 4,882 15,314 1,500 15,075 1,620 13,532 154 241 685 502 182 1,114 787 908 911 5 569 132 368 233 550 1,694 77 783 381 2,584 675 247 180 842 422 122 1,138 267 610 472 54 449 7,200 7,600 1,728 22,400 8,064 12,000 34,344 3,302 9,779 6,261 6,616 16,667 9,651 22,476 6,060 2,996 30,270 8,013 9,790 24,960 5,440 6,676 14,970 4,173 39,000 1,500 4,882 3,674 » 1,620 2,372 3,750 35,978 30,000 18,673 42,324 6,600 29,371 2,000 7,' 383 (') 7,500 15,075 11, 640 11,160 0) li 200 444 18,144 68,742 C) 1,700 22,960 (') S2 20 32 ,12 11 5 53 21 4 15 26 6 20 (•) 11 !4 9 28 9 '29 19 (=) 10 »3 6 19 42 6 11 3 5 '10 8 22 16 3 1.9 2.8 3.1 11.2 2.3 4.6 7.3 7.4 3.7 0.7 4.9 0.9 3.5 2.9 4.9 2.8 3.3 7.2 2.4 7.7 6,1 2.7 2.6 5.3 11.8 1.5 3.2 2.4 5.5 6.5 1.0 4.0 12.5 3 11.6 2.8 35.3 3 22.3 3 12.3 4.1 9.6 8.1 3.7 6.4 W 8.6 7.2 9.6 3 12.4 8.9 18.0 3 43.3 9.3 6.5 3.0 7.7 18.5 3 13.6 6.3 28.0 11.9 2.8 20.0 6.7 6.6 16.3 3 11.8 18.7 "8.9 ill, 008 9,912 13,700 44,280 4,909 18,600 20,218 25,709 11,819 6 1,328 16,381 2,108 12, 167 13,381 14,968 22,853 3,087 29,047 7,900 9,609 20,604 6,635 4,185 12,430 10,214 6,564 7,950 4,504 9,074 9,670 1,574 6,605 1236.62 212.29 308.56 992.60 110.96 425.63 463.40 594.02 274.86 30.88 384.26 49.68 286.28 323.21 365.97 581.80 79.03 751.16 207.19 253.60 567.17 176.72 114.47 345.09 250.16 191.48 231.98 133.73 277.41 290.30 52.15 219.22 Jl,528.89 881.07 447.42 1,976.79 609.06 382.17 588.76 654.51 301.06 « 674.95 375.09 776.96 1,386.63 665.84 343.50 1,029.00 959.60 544.46 98.15 825.48 714.99 636.02 1,574.10 203.85 500.44 454.61 631.61 971.60 488.17 ' Rubbish included with ashes. 2 Employees reported are engaged in the Inspection of contract work, or the collection of dead animals, or the disposal of refuse, or all three 3 Includes city employees; see note 2. * Ashes and rubbish included with garbage. ' The refuse reported is that obtained from the " cleaning up " of alleys. Employees include 1 inspector of garbage collection (private) "Reported with employees of another department. " ^ o o vjr / ' Some employees engaged on refuse-disposal work reported with employees of another department. 8 Rubbish included with garbage. > Collected in summer months only. 13 Employed only in the disposal of refuse. u Includes employees of contractor; see note 2. 124 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 13.— STREET CLEANING— GENERAL. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, se& CITY. Total area (square yards) of paved streets and alleys. PAVED STREETS AND ALLEYS REGTTLARLY CLEANED. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Per cent of total area ol paved streets cleaned. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Quantity (cubic yards) of street sweep- ings re- moved. By hand sweeping. By machine sweeping. i 3 Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Weeks in clean- ing season. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Weeks in 1 clean- ing ! season. Grand total. . . 396,405,380 172,431,718 43.6 851,371,804 4.9 5,718,304 98,952,772 631,033,866 5.4 10-52 86,256,598 245,219,524 2.8 10-52 j 187,167,655 98,067,718 67,863,355 43,306,752 97,395,707 34,050,793 28,606,718 12,378,500 49.5 36.8 42.7 28.6 474,224,619 179,424,992 143,763,477 53,958,716 4.8 5.0 6.0 4.4 3,820,361 850,796 640,303 406,844 56,194,892 18,394,728 17,903,037 6,460,115 313,304,227 97,141,367 87,687,915 32,900,357 5.6 5.3 4.9 5.1 28-^2 17-52 10-52 20-52 43,466,405 19,377,950 16,509 518 6,902,725 128,731,148 54,880,652 44,779,648 16,828,176 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.4 23-52 26-52 10-62 1 20-62 Group II GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. New York, N.Y.. Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa.. St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio.. Pittsburgh, Pa... Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Francisco, Cal Cincinnati, Ohio.. Milwaukee, Wis. . Newark, N. J New Orleans, La. . Washington, D. C , 38,204,111 25,607,750 19,845,596 14,321,966 9,705,166 7,893,953 7,743,917 7, 610, 003 7,435,743 7,473,648 7,442,903 8,745,088 8,719,979 3,829,605 4,719,262 7,869,076 i 30,203, 317 («) 16,698,182 6,050,204 '3,312,536 («) 7,403,373 6,259,500 6,584,377 3 7,184,563 2,284,801 2,683,461 1,374,279 3,347,397 420,420 3,589,297 79.1 («) 84.1 42.2 34.1 C) 96.6 82.3 88.6 96.1 32.9 30.7 16.8 87.4 8.9 45.6 197,508,892 (') 107,220,317 21,275,639 '7,838,430 («) 14,905,838 23,202,000 8,968,119 21,266,094 6,666,302 22,395,276 10,492,564 10,398,703 4,103,312 17,984,133 6.6 816,362 f«) 815,703 6.4 269,764 3.5 332,062 2.4 70,844 (') 433,193 2.0 163,431 3.7 146,649 1.4 112,554 3.0 (') 2.7 121,087 8.3 129,369 7.6 10,100 3.1 101,296 9.8 186,684 5.0 121,284 30,115,905 (=) 7,031,225 3,676,864 481,636 («5 750,740 1,650,000 1,138,668 1,191,546 2,261,001 1,430,422 1,025,657 3,010,432 420,420 2,010,476 193,996,104 m 42,187,350 14,667,159 6.2 (=) 6.0 4.0 40-52 m 62 60 4,634,180 8,. 100, 000 6.0 4.9 m («) 40 40 2,277,336 7,149,276 6,020,338 7,358,808 2.0 6.0 2.7 6.1 32 39 52 46 6,153,942 8,102,698 1,481,740 11,276,296 6.0 2.7 3.6 6.6 28 46 62 44-46 1,319,034 ci 16,698,182 2,373,340 2,831,000 4,680,000 3,264,009 6,926,360 184, 719 1,263,039 348,622 1,349,665 330,905 1,907,550 3,512,788 m 65,032,967 2,373,340 7,451,000 14,550,000 3,264,009 14,116,818 646,964 7,518,234 348,622 1,349,655 1,859,914 6,708,837 2.7 (') 3.9 1.0 2.6 («) 3.1 1.0 2.0 3.5 6.0 1.0 1.0 5.6 3.5 28-32 («) 52 60 48 m 28 40 52 23-44 GROUP 11.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Minn. . Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind. . . Louisville, Ky Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Conn.. Scranton, Pa Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass Memphis, Tenn Richmond, Va Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich Nashville, Tenn Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass . - . Dayton, Ohio 2,213,066 12,665,572 2,423,156 5,874,925 4,459,238 4,695,101 2,954,233 4,340,818 3,186,009 2,341,644 3,022,154 4,162,324 3,697,214 3,217,804 3,304,071 2,535,682 1,374,160 1,532,523 595,217 1,884,296 2,609,958 1,508,726 3, 539, 803 2, 616, 832 4,749,762 3,561,296 3,515,423 2,404,780 1,652,796 1,529,135 1,575,623 71.2 2,547,116 20.3 « (') 3,509,349 59.7 3,375,072 69.4 2,618,100 55.8 429,090 14.5 802,417 18.5 2,026,326 63.6 991,311 42.3 '980,000 32.4 1,137,900 27.3 3,324,720 89.9 620,283 19.3 '506,002 15.3 1,447,416 67.1 1,257,656 91.5 361,293 23.6 531,468 89.3 421,962 22.4 146,000 5.6 225,000 14.9 560,064 15.8 1,047,187 40.0 '668,810 14.1 793,500 22.3 '406,342 11.6 285,120 11.9 199,609 12.1 1,257,059 82.2 6,683,746 14,066,706 («) 16,266,021 21,482,432 6,971,800 2,339,570 2,427,979 12,984,023 6,773,960 7,980,000 5,624,950 6,360,861 4,673,781 1,739,568 12,083,330 15,391,292 3,612,930 5, 612, 626 1,494,434 581,000 1,350,000 3,264,800 2,766,287 4,124,860 1,801,500 3,478,062 1,314,720 1,197,654 5,086,111 4.2 16,000 5.5 26,790 m 84,043 4.6 16,714 6.4 68,824 2.7 91,126 5.5 25,288 3.0 38,790 6.4 23,513 6.8 23,100 8.1 33,368 4.9 20,652 1.9 66,945 7.6 36,990 3.4 30,061 8.3 21,090 12.2 15,772 10.0 («) 10.6 4,820 3.5 24,000 4.0 39,928 6.0 7,200 5.8 33,750 2.6 23,250 6.2 15,372 2.3 16,848 8.6 34,362 4.6 7,560 6.0 W 4.0 14,650 163,073 1,173,334 («) 3,382,049 3,375,072 352,500 22,180 270,927 2,026,325 991,311 160,000 4,000 320,508 620,283 182,391 278, 776 1,257,656 361,293 313,935 298,888 46,000 226,000 162, 624 151,200 117,330 168,000 307,486 205, 920 199,609 1,257,059 978,438 6.0 32 6,570,670 6.6 62 W («) («) 12,328,154 3.6 40-45 20,250,432 6.0 38 1,585,000 4.5 50 133,080 6.0 52 1,625,562 6.0 50 10,192,072 5.0 34 5,947,866 6.0 29 1,120,000 7.0 52 28,000 7.0 52 1,923,048 6.0 46 4,341,981 7.0 34 1,094,346 6.0 41 1,951,425 7.0 52 8,803,592 7.0 32 2,167,768 6.0 40 1,328,154 4.2 26 1,230,704 4.1 40 276,000 6.0 52 1,350,000 6.0 40 663,168 4.1 62 302,400 2.0 62 703,980 6.0 62 1,008,000 6.0 30 1,718,262 5.6 43-60 1,236,620 6.0 35 1, 197, 654 6.0 52 5,086,111 4.0 17-32 1,575,623 855,738 («S 687,300 3,375,072 440,000 134, 410 802,417 880,479 740,000 1,133,900 2, 510, 767 322,611 1,168,640 416, 603 361,293 631, 468 263,730 100,000 366,432 993,987 551,480 793,500 293,300 79,200 4,726,869 4,046,435 («) 687,300 (») 1,550,000 571,490 802,417 1,924,018 5,180,000 5,496,950 3,486,636 645,222 8,180,480 2,916,221 1,445,172 2,393,754 263,730 200,000 1,958,592 2,463,887 3,308,880 793,600 1,759,800 79,200 3.0 4.7 {») 1.0 m 3.6 4.3 1.0 2.2 7.0 4.8 1.4 2.0 7.0 7.0 4.0 4.5 1.0 2.0 5.3 2.5 6.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 W 40 33 52 33 28 25 ' The area both hand and machine swept is included under each heading in the preceding columns. 2 The area both swept and flushed is included under both sweeping and flushing in the preceding columns. ' Includes area of some streets with oil or water bound surface. < The employees engaged on street cleaning in the boroughs of Bronx, Brooklyn, and Manhattan are reported with employees of another department. GENERAL TABLES. 125 STATISTICS OF STREET CLEANING: 1909. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 57. Figures printed in itaUcs are estimates.] PAVED STEEETS AND ALLEYS BEQULAELT CLEANED— Contd. STEEETS AND ALLEYS OCCASIONALLY CLEANED. ALL STREETS AND ALLEYS. — By flushing. Area (square yards) subject to both hand and machine sweeping.! Area (square yards) subject to both sweeping and flushing.^ Length (miles) of classes subject to cleaning. Quan- tity (cubic yards) of street sweep- ings re- moved. Persons em- ployed in street clean- ing. Quantity (cubic yards) of street sweepings removed. Payments for expenses of street cleaning. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleamng done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per Weelc. Weeks in clean- ing season. Total. Dura- bly paved. Mac- adam. Gravel. All Other. Total. Per 1.000 inhabit- ants. 1 a a >> o ; 33,372,653 75,118,414 2.3 6-52 29,125,929 17,024,376 14,163.6 1,729.8 4,699.4 2,231.8 5,602.6 612,160 22,560 6,330,464 $18,503,413 $447.81 17,985,758 9,212,858 4,010,5.58 ■ 2,163,479 32,189,244 27,403,073 11,295,914 4,230,183 1.8 3.0 2.8 2.0 16-52 6-52 15-52 12-52 12,457,172 7,624,193 6,918,477 2,126,087 7,794,176 5,310,550 2.897,918 1,021,732 3,213.0 5,835.7 2,971.5 2,143.4 491.2 457.4 618.6 262.6 2,264.0 888.7 753.9 792.8 5.5 1,216.2 634.9 375.2 452.3 3,273.4 1,064.1 712.8 311,474 187,054 53,854 59,778 13,963 4,052 3,072 1,473 4,131,835 1,037,850 694,157 466,622 13,857,640 2,390,145 1,675,217 680,411 527.29 448.84 404.58 280.11 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. (») 3, 478, 930 387,430 («) 7,403,373 379,600 3,320,368 1,263,039 665,000 946,350 151,768 m 4, 236, 140 387,430 (=) 10,371,658 652,000 3,426,774 7,518,234 3,990,000 946,360 761, 658 « 1.2 1.0 (=) 1.4 1.5 1.0 6.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 (.') 60 30 m 30 40 32 29 1,231,622 '7,"63i,'225' I', 138, 668 933,333 1,012,690 330.905 328, 729 3,478,930 387,430 "756,' 746' 160,919 1,253,039 665,000 946,350 151,768 609.0 583.2 417.0 374.0 (=) 113.4 75.0 m 25.0 250.9 211.0 457.3 28.0 141.0 («) 113. 75. m 25. 2. 110. 20. 593.0 571.1 374.0 («) 8.0 95.0 273.1 25.0 m 16.0 12.1 W 184.2 37,609 C) 84,266 50,991 m m 59,000 6,972 27,000 22,042 23,594 <4,782 1,153 2,755 1,275 529 437 329 611 241 175 366 m 332 194 853,971 815,703 259,754 416,328 121.835 433, 193 163,431 146,649 112,554 (') 180,087 136,331 37,100 123,337 186,684 144,878 5 $7, 681, 274 908,472 5 1,255,525 5 819,970 $1,657.97 424.09 822. 55 1,210.96 460,455 359,608 194,879 = 426,012 700.51 648.99 361.98 807.31 174,194 211,237 255,371 5 236,386 389.28 508.62 622.34 655.81 168,824 271,916 138,208 295,311 470.18 809.39 413. 21 904.67 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 163,073 1,220,267 978,438 3,449,601 6.0 2.8 32 52 163,073 391,111 163,073 311,112 482.0 202.8 76.0 91.0 41.5 101.0 448.0 200.7 222.4 752.6 1,021.3 181.0 28.5 441.0 185.9 50.0 16.0 446.0 200.0 76.0 48,000 m (') («) (=) 9,206 43,470 9,432 2,600 17,514 31,300 360 ^^ 321 206 (») 321 223 282 168 187 313 170 98 127 100 107 56 63 265 87 138 36 60 62 85 60 130 90 48 83 80 106 16,000 74,790 84,043 16,714 58,824 91,126 34,494 82,260 m 32, 945 25,700 60,882 51,952 67,305 36,990 30,051 21,090 15,772 m 4,820 26,000 39,928 8,440 33,750 23,2,50 24,872 28,080 34,362 7,560 (») 15,850 $100,435 91,416 141,764 » 212, 798 115,712 113,224 119,992 81,145 147, 926 69,448 120,816 129,116 "97,477 49,613 58,021 45,369 97,004 58,993 27,602 28,093 47,787 43,424 50,086 49,515 74,585 30,404 53,406 43,581 36,937 54,466 $341.23 314.28 542.16 880.17 505.98 509.35 541.75 369.31 698.88 328.27 583.34 679.49 579.01 300.23 406.20 333.79 725.37 449.16 216.47 228.25 391.09 371.43 429.15 426.67 645.98 276.25 487.19 418.44 358.78 542.77 17 2.8 IS 19 1,610,322 176,000 1,865,600 272,500 3, 240, 567 1,232,000 3,836,800 1,635,000 2.0 7.0 2.1 6.0 31 35 35 62 666,666 3,375,072 25,000 1,610,322 176,000 15,000 76.0 15.0 10.0 60.0 ">» 31.5 ?1 38.0 3.0 448.0 00 n 270,927 880,479 196.2 (=) 48.1 4.5 40.8 15.2 93.9 181.0 ?4 289,311 495,656 240,000 867,933 826,094 1,680,000 3.0 1.7 7.0 20-34 29 26 289,311 495,656 28.6 8.0 J53.0 681.3 927.4 25 160,000 97 "(») 8.1 ?s 777,666 110,600 951,178 331,800 1.2 3.0 45 30 283,555 110,600 20.4 232.0 w 209.0 30 185.9 31 278,775 524,497 1,951,425 3,671,479 7.0 7.0 52 32 278,775 524,497 50.0 3? 416,603 361,293 313,935 140,656 33 66.0 119. 69.0 285.0 95.3 66.0 C) (.') 2,000 C) 1,240 34 695, 217 1,890,718 3.2 26 595,217 119.0 (") 35 69.0 36 35,000 105,000 3.0 25 35,000 285.0 40.3 37 15.0 40.0 38 503,040 643,040 1.3 60 105, 600 98,000 366,432 39 117.7 244.7 158.5 20.0 16.5 71.2 30.0 46.7 C) 9,500 11,232 (•) 40 56,000 112,000 2.0 6 56,000 198.0 7.4 20.0 41 168,000 194,444 3.2 147.9 42 43 44 101.8 53.0 16.9 84.9 1,200 45 53.0 46 5 Includes part of expense of refuse disposal. • Not reported. ' Exclusive of streets swept by hand. s Reported with employees of another department. » Includes the expense of sewer maintenance. '» Exclusive of sweepings removed from 1,019,977 square yards, area swept by contractor. " Includes the expense of street sprinkling. 126 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 13 STREET CLEANING— GENERAL [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see aiT. Total area (square yards) of paved streets and alleys. PAVED STREETS AND ALLEYS REGULAELT CLEANED. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Per cent of total area of paved streets cleaned. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings week. Quantity (cubic yards) of street sweep- ings re- moved. By hand sweeping. By machine sweeping. 1 5 Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleanmg done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings week. Weeks In clean- ing season. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleanmg done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. ■Weeks in clean- ing season. ■- I GROUP ni.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 100 101 102 103 104 105 Albany,N.Y Bridgeport, Conn. . Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa Trenton,N. J San Antonio, Tex. . New Bedtord, Mass. Camden, N.J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City,Utah Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass . . . Des Moines, Iowa. . . Lawrence, Mass. St. Joseph, Mo... Troy,KY Yonkers,N.Y.. Tacoma, Wash. . Youngstown, Ohio. Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass. . Kansas City, Kans. Utica, N. Y . Waterbury, Conn.. Elizabeth, N. J. Schenectady, N. Y. Hoboken, N. J Manchester, N. H . Evansville, Ind.... Birmingham, Ala. Akron, Ohio Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Erie, Pa Savannah, Ga Peoria, 111 Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind. . Charleston, S. C... Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind.. East St. Louie, 111.. Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass . . . Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Pla. . OklahomaCity,Okla Bayonne, N. J... Covington, Ky. . South Bend, Ind. Passaic, N.J Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala Allentown, Pa Pawtuoket, R.I.. 1,585,908 1,448,638 421,358 1,904,270 2,073,461 710,264 3,338,250 1,256,447 1,046,349 1,310,399 848,791 676,077 1,094,060 2,843,113 1,510,118 635,513 1,458,319 887,159 1,499,148 1,140,508 827,212 2,815,653 1,266,240 1,060,925 1,432,627 1,194,175 316,056 947,678 895,923 404,885 620,532- 1,039,330 1,986,734 1,007,156 1,062,337 1,478,103 466,483 896,455 868,006 1,617,617 949,997 877,720 602,384 2,252,000 1,784,416 1,017,350 846,312 487,923 444,860 1,129,099 1,666,610 626,620 992,240 1,125,584 553,730 427,620 411,940 460,957 1,644,247 1,313,646 169,118 6 414,000 224,000 435,000 549,927 203,730 170,968 413,892 344,100 764,920 5 191,582 526,000 186,172 181,056 122,886 460,800 800,000 s 1,499,148 479,369 794,000 165,640 505,068 5 1,050,925 511,492 1,121,692 193,205 6 793,745 778,730 6 404,886 6 184,773 840,978 508,334 600,000 715,617 165,287 436,666 896,456 779,167 1,071,776 762,000 847,640 6 493,368 320,272 505,350 76,084 6 280,296 164,266 280,000 422,815 101,675 6 242,020 312,176 6 1,081,850 54,770 387,520 (") 264,000 156, 168 82.8 11.7 98.3 11.8 21.0 77.4 6.1 13.6 39.6 26.3 90.1 33.3 48.0 6.5 12.0 19.3 31.6 90.2 100.0 42.0 96.0 5.9 39.9 100.0 36.7 93.9 61.1 100.0 29.8 80.0 26.6 49.6 67.4 10.6 96.4 100.0 80.2 96.6 81.9 14.2 28.3 7.4 33.1 33.7 62.9 37.4 6.1 46.0 31.5 96.1 9.9 90.6 68.6 10.8 4,844,090 903,840 3,927,600 2,658,000 1,885,000 2,444,760 1,412,978 2,513,892 4,054,200 3,633,840 1,915,820 1,815,000 1,868,982 1,269,958 677,316 3,916,800 6,880,000 4,363,874 2,812,694 1,630,280 1,284,500 4,519,272 1,175,925 1,283,432 11,200,608 1,169,230 5,355,740 6,300,233 1,717,304 933,981 2,405,900 1,549,468 1,860,000 2,771,093 3,004,804 1,731,310 1,218,765 3,637,724 3,663,993 4,672,000 3,664,525 1,665,351 854,068 2,274,076 450,504 1,675,126 164,266 1,960,000 2,106,012 812,600 1,936,160 1,245,668 1,785,850 328,620 675,020 m 2,112,000 3.7 6.3 9.5 11.9 4.3 6.0 12.0 8.3 6.1 11.8 4.8 10.0 3.5 10.0 7.0 5.5 8.5 8.6 2.9 6.9 2.1 7.8 8.9 1.1 2.5 10.0 6.0 6.7 8.1 4.2 5.1 2.9 3.0 3.7 3.9 19.4 4.0 1.4 4.7 3.1 6.0 4.3 3.2 2.7 4.6 6.0 5.6 1.0 7.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 4.0 1.7 6.0 1.5 8.0 2.5 (') 6,000 11,025 21,600 3,650 9,828 m m 16,800 8,000 6,360 31,916 2,160 4,992 (») 46,000 12,480 15,649 7,548 36,100 16,248 1,660 20,160 14,000 m 10,000 9,600 1,314 2,000 7,488 84,000 26,636 9,360 9,600 13,620 28,142 32,500 (=) 8,271 4,800 19,110 m 4,620 486 m 19,296 22,464 7,086 5,600 15,960 m 4,050 (') 4,000 425 300,000 141,401 160,400 224,000 290,000 549,927 203,730 170,968 350,000 344,100 260,500 191,682 525,000 177,471 123,050 97,155 460,800 800,000 1,499,148 290,319 108,120 165,640 505,068 26,000 511,492 1,121,592 193,205 793, 745 606,878 293,905 112,273 162,560 250,000 276,648 156,287 82,678 896,465 140,814 497,554 762,000 612,161 82,433 320,272 505,360 75,084 202,648 2,100,000 848,406 962,400 1,568,000 1,740,000 3,299,562 1,222,380 1,196,776 2,100,000 2,064,600 1,563,000 1,341,074 1,210,000 1,242,297 246,100 864,430 2,764,800 4,800,000 4,034,036 1,741,914 648,720 993,840 1,724,136 150,000 1,283,432 6,729,562 1,159,230 3,850,100 3,041,268 587,810 673,638 915,360 280,000 18,790 242,020 312,176 140,800 54,770 27,000 (') 264,000 165,168 1,600,000 1,478,472 986,073 466,576 1,218,755 844,884 2,415,549 4,572,000 3,072,966 494,598 864,068 2,274,075 460,604 1,215,888 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 2.3 7.0 2.0 6.7 6.0 6.0 2.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.4 6.0 2.5 6.0 6.0 4.9 6.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 1,680,000 112,740 1,452,120 933,492 844, 800 328,620 162,000 (') 1,584,000 389,884 6.0 5.3 6.4 5.6 1.4 6.0 4.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.7 4.6 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 (=) 6.0 2.5 52 40 45 40 62 39 52 52 36 52 40 52 40 36 34 10-40 50 40 62 32 37 62 52 40-45 30 62 62 40 36 62 36 44 40 52 30 62 52 36 35 39 40 36 30 (») 36 40 1,313,545 27,717 414,000 85,000 203, 730 85,484 413,892 216,900 504,420 191,682 625,000 173,604 58,006 122,886 2,627,090 55,434 2,484,000 545,000 400,000 54,973 157,290 115,866 505,068 1,026,925 1,121,592 260,940 772,016 188,249 184,773 840,978 608,334 460,246 166,287 436,666 1,222, .380 170,988 413,892 1,301,400 1,008,840 674,746 625,000 522,840 122,886 2.0 2.0 6.0 6.4 1,200,000 329,838 943,740 152,786 1,724,136 1,025,925 4,471,056 1,606,640 2,968,786 1,129,494 184,773 1,490,540 1,549,468 1,292,621 931,722 1,265,734 6.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 1.3 3.4 1.0 4.0 6.0 3.8 6.0 1.0 1.8 3.0 638,353 674,222 336,479 410,936 213, 148 164,266 280,000 422,815 101,675 242,020 312,176 941,060 360,520 (') 2,792,840 1,148,444 335,479 1,070,753 369,238 164,266 280,000 1,993,272 406,300 484,040 312, 176 941,050 413,020 (») 6.0 2.9 4.4 2.0 1.0 2.6 1.7 1.0 1.0 4.7 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 («) 52 12 35 62 20 62 40 36 34 10-36 28 30 J The area both hand and machine swept is included under each heading in the preceding columns. 2 The area both swept and flushed is included under both sweeping and flushing in the preceding columns. 6 Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. STATISTICS OF STREET CLEANING: 1909— Continued. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 57. Figures printed in italics are estimates.) 127 PAVED STREETS AND ALLEYS EEGULABLT CLEANED— COUtd. By flushing. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Weeks in clean- ing seasdn. Area (square yards) subject to both hand and machine sweeping.' Area (square yards) subject to both sweeping and flushing." STREETS AND ALLEYS OCCASIONALLY CLEANED. Length (miles) of classes subject to cleaning. Total. Dura- bly paved. Mac- adam. Gravel. All other. Quan- tity (cubic yards) of street sweei>- ings re- moved. ALL STREETS AND ALLEYS. Persons em- ployed in street clean- ing. Quantity (cubic yards) of street sweepings removed. Payments for expenses of street cleaning. Total. Per 1,000 inhabit- ants. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OP 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 39,000 160,400 85,000 146,000 45,234 ■344,'i66 177,000 80,000 34,615 96,546 345,600 315,000 31,760 685,880 94,381 178,500 117,000 481,200 545,000 145,000 45,234 "'688,' 266' 1,062,000 80,000 103,845 675,822 1,152,000 880,000 _ 127,040 981,560 137,874 1,071,000 50,030 75,570 '256,'666' 155,287 256,080 3.0 3.0 6.4 1.0 1.0 'i'o' 6.0 1.0 3.0 7.0 3.3 2.8 4.0 1.4 L5 6.0 300,180 75,570 ""356,' 066 1,087,009 266,080 101,675 (») 264,000 406,300 6.0 LO "Hi 7.0 33 300,000 160,400 85,000 203,730 85,484 360,000 216,900 191,582 625,000 164,903 97, 155 400,000 64,973 116,856 505,068 1,121,592 30 1.0 (') 628,000 4.0 (') 2.0 40 52 (') 35 250,940 600,164 77,269 112,273 152,560 39,000 160,400 86,000 45,234 '344,'ici6' 177,000 80,000 34,615 96,546 345,600 315,000 W 94,381 178,500 60,030 75,570 15.2 72.7 281.0 106.0 110.8 94.4 (.') 82.9 41.0 47.6 351.0 110.0 20.0 146.6 36.0 107.0 50.0 2.6 161.5 10.0 7.0 46.6 21.2 18.0 (') 57.0 67.0 (') 21,277 155,287 82,578 135,500 280,000 18,790 242,020 312, 176 155,287 256,080 101,676 264,000 82.0 9.2 67.0 40.0 12.0 ^^9 37.0 36.0 '25.'6 10.0 7.0 16.0 82.0 'i's' 10.0 3.3 7.0 95.0 58.0 41.0 35.2 111.4 6.8 24.0 70.0 27.5 58.2 4.2 57.5 2.0 2.0 40.0 6.4 72.7 95.0 61.8 11.4 ^7^ 7S.0 4.0 47.6 20.0 65.9 26.0 26.0 2.6 %1 7.0 19.0 59.0 m 110.0 "so."?' 8L0 (') , 44.5 21.2 (^) n.2 66.0 3.3 95.0 41.0 6.8 20.0 70.0 9.3 L4 '6."i 1.0 10.0 2.6 30.2 'i.'o 281.0 10.0 83.0 351.0 W 151.5 (') 5.0 66.5 25.6 81.2 38.8 2.8 31.5 0.6 8.8 20.1 (») 60.0 48.0 (») 12. Q ■"2.'4 9.6 27.6 10.1 26.0 64.4 m 4,148 (') 2,640 (») 8. 360 12,480 1,292 1,728 (') (') '«■ (=) 7,200 10,920 m 1,680 971 m m m 500 m (') 20 (=) « 915 <81 <56 195 24 62 »54 «43 49 <73 20 <57 60 62 127 •140 <231 •71 «41 49 (27 87 MO 38 1102 «50 «68 UOO 46 (') 20 55 <20 <78 <70 <49 • 62 52 <41 <134 <38 40 82 37 116 U7 ^Pl5 <37 33 38 MO '33 M9 '24 '29 '34 '21 m 6,000 11,025 21,600 3,650 16,800 8,000 10,608 ^\ 31,916 4,800 4,992 (4 45,000 12,480 15,649 7,548 44,460 16,248 1,560 20,160 14,000 (4 10,000 9,600 13,794 3,292 9,216 84,000 26,536 9,360 9,600 13,620 28,142 32,600 8,271 12,000 30,030 6,300 1,466 (4 19,296 22,464 7,086 6,100 15,960 (4 4,070 4,000 1,340 58,227 47,000 44,674 46,669 17,810 33,072 24,251 29,326 • 32, 606 27,690 48,070 17,064 23,484 60,892 28,682 14,600 39, 100 73,672 66,305 16,881 25,657 19,689 18,841 18j*10 25; 081 63,439 22,000 44,139 57,678 20,118 7,157 12,609 13,577 24,277 69,143 19,505 18, 790 10,896 32,901 23,948 48,000 16,837 20,634 34,729 41,215 11,743 10,665 ^) 33,265 26,176 21,366 16,628 17,036 10,412 11,236 17,761 17,400 24,800 583.38 473.31 451.48 480.03 188.35 349. 78 261.38 316. 29 361.30 314.92 550. 44 195.64 271.68 690.33 337.89 174.49 606. 17 960.27 736.01 221. 16 336. 53 257.61 248.07 248.06 336.31 875. 26 309.03 620.45 820.20 103.88 183.40 197.92 363.81 889.50 293.66 285.82 166.86 608.36 385.64 786.85 276. 38 362.36 600.64 600.59 727. 16 208.28 192.93 "620.' 50 472.61 401.92 313.51 327.06 201.28 219.07 346. 66 343.63 494. 62 ' Some employees engaged on street cleaning are reported with employees of another department. ' Includes areas of some streets with oil or water bound surface. 6 Includes part of the expenses of refuse disposal. I Eeportedwith the employees of another department. 47 48 49 5a 61 62 63 64 65 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68' 69- 70 71 72 7S 74 75 76 77 78 79- 80 81 82 83 84 85 85 87 90 91 92 93 94 95 100 101 102 103 104 105 128 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 13 STREET CLEANING— GENERAL [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see Total area (square yards) ol paved streets and alleys. PAVED 3TBEET3 AND ALLEYS EEGIJLAKLT CLEANED. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Per cent of total area of paved streets cleaned. Amount (square yards) of cleanmg done per Aver- age num- ber ol clean- ings per week. Quantity (cubic yards) of street sweep- ings re- moved. By hand sweeping. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Weeks clean- ing By machine sweeping. Area yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Weeks in clean- ing GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. lOfi 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, 111 Binghamton N.Y.. Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa. . , Little Eock, Ark... Springfield, Ohio.. Atlantic City, N.J. Bay City, Mich Eookford, 111 York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn Topeka, Zans Sacramento, Cal. . . Maiden, Mass Havermll, Mass. . . Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britain, Conn Davenport, Iowa. , McKeesport, Pa . . . Wheeling, W.Va.. Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich. . Montgomery, Ala. . Woonsocket, R. I. . Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass... Eacine,Wis EImira,N. Y Quincy^ 111 Knoxville, Tenn... New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N,Y West Hoboken, N.J Joliet, m Taunton, Mass .... Everett, Mass Oshkosh, Wis (Chelsea, Mass Jopliu, Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ey South Omaha,Nebr 1,239,250 637,631 470, 236 1,228,217 372,019 887,708 459,441 588,100 1,837,116 1,085,762 685,476 1,240,028 548,000 823,100 539, 138 960,443 1,573,579 1,302,144 363,651 161,729 965,264 401,340 1,219,532 460,689 631,927 1,263,589 1,322,452 3,505,920 1,352,304 97,277 437, 172 365, 993 437, 891 631,947 830, 167 283,733 450,829 936,710 846,068 1,422,398 370, 728 92,456 794, 322 335,144 686,468 1,256,141 544,902 959,528 657,850 1,137,155 764,533 624, 157 317, 401 717,751 403,224 263,549 110,800 228,148 57.9 75.0 66.0 9.0 61.3 150,000 150,000 280,900 318,550 > 548, 665 16.9 32.6 47.8 17.3 50.5 534,197 102,907 98,000 608,680 280,542 77.9 8.3 17.9 73.9 52.0 197,500 ' 901, 120 20,000 73,000 141,518 20.8 57.3 1.5 20.1 87.5 91,537 3,580 336,000 331,840 150,000 9.5 0.9 27.6 72.0 23.7 165,859 461,925 83,300 160,520 93,597 13.1 34.9 2.4 11.9 96.2 150,000 » 363, 148 '437,891 41,000 171,016 34.3 99.2 100.0 6.5 20.6 80,274 •447,489 249,147 66,000 406,274 28.3 99.3 26.6 7.8 28.6 216,436 92,456 170,108 248, 160 261,084 58.3 100.0 21.4 74.0 36.6 •165,000 23,379 312, 810 51,600 13.1 4.3 32.6 7.8 98,100 181,939 120, 000 50,000 8.5 21.2 19.2 15.8 5,024,257 505,224 1, 058, 877 326, 800 891,956 930,000 750,000 1,141,400 2,593,950 1,531,990 2,670,985 720,482 688,000 1,117,320 895,475 736,000 6,504,960 20,000 146,000 1,746,053 671,272 21,480 1,462,400 811, 840 405,600 813,436 1,746,050 166,600 160,520 640,791 363,360 1,068,296 2,627,346 246,000 1,465,848 481,644 704,029 891, 806 264,000 613, 880 840, 908 308, 112 1,573,452 570,240 1,767,588 520,000 57, 167 1,201,488 61,600 316,600 971, 634 120,000 155,000 7.0 1.3 4.0 2.9 3.9 6.2 5.0 4.1 8.1 2.8 5.0 7.0 6.0 1.8 3.2 3.7 7.2 1.0 2.0 12.3 7.3 6.0 4.4 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.0 6.8 2.4 2.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 1.6 3.6 4.0 1.5 3.9 3.3 9.2 2.3 7.0 3.2 2.4 3.8 1.0 3.3 6.0 1.0 3.1 1,000 24,000 9,180 (.') (>) 12,960 4,707 16,490 65,520 2,800 4,320 « 6,000 8,451 20, 158 14,400 (=) (') 6,205 10,318 1,260 13,300 6,912 9,491 1,630 3,000 4,770 81,600 4,160 W 9,968 7,000 810 22,932 960 4,779 2,850 •4,696 2,476 2,808 800 3,960 m 1,230 •2,206 « 5,740 1,000 717,751 17,000 78,000 43,200 50,222 30,000 150,000 280,900 318,650 548, 685 634, 197 102,907 98,000 75,000 46,278 124,500 901, 120 73,000 141,518 91,537 3,680 192,000 8,000 160,000 25,000 83,300 'eo'ooo 83,000 41,000 171,016 80,274 51,308 116,603 66,000 41,066 170, 108 64,416 251,084 71,000 5,122 126,954 161, 939 "15,666 5,024,2.57 102,000 646,000 269,200 301,332 180,000 300,000 1, 141, 400 1,513,300 1,531,990 2,136,788 617,442 392,000 525,000 277,668 538,500 5,406,720 146,000 849, 108 488,198 21,480 768,000 48,000 300,000 150,000 166,600 'm.m 498,000 246,000 732,924 481,644 307,848 699, 618 132,000 246,396 1,020,648 386, 496 1,757,588 426,000 35,864 761,724 971, 634 'i66,"666 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.0 4.1 4.8 2.8 4.0 6.0 4.0 7.0 6.0 4.3 6.0 2.0 6.0 5.3 6.0 4.0 6.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 '7.0 20 40 228,148 150,000 150,000 534,197 98,000 533,660 280,542 197,500 366,080 20,000 128, 135 91,537 336,000 323,840 165,859 461,925 160,520 93,597 150,000 280, 148 437, 891 171,016 398, 181 132,544 216,436 92,466 183,744 94,000 21,313 185,866 51,600 120,000 50,000 590,624 750,000 450,000 534, 197 196,000 592,320 617,807 197,600 1,098,240 20,000 896,945 183,074 694,400 675,840 663,436 1,746,060 160,520 280,791 363,360 560,296 2,627,346 732,924 396, 181 192, 188 594,512 308, 112 183,744 94,000 21,313 186,866 51,600 120,000 50,000 2.6 5.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.1 2.2 1.0 3.0 LO 7.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.0 3.0 2.4 2.0 6.0 4.3 LO L4 2.7 1.0 LO LO LO 1.0 1.0 30 40 1 The area both hand and machine swept is included under each heading in the preceding columns. ' The area both swept and flushed is included under both sweeping and flushing in the preceding columns. 3 Not reported. < Some employees engaged on street cleaning are reported with employees of another department. GENERAL TABLES. STATISTICS OF STREET CLEANING: 1909— Continued. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 57. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 129 PAVED SIEEET3 ASK ALLEYS EEGULAELT CI.KANEn— COntd. STREETS AND ALLEYS OCCASIONALLY CLEANED. * ALL STBEET3 AND ALLEYS. By flushing. Area (square yards) subject to both hand and machine sweeping.' Area (square yards) subject to both sweeping and flushing.' Length (miles) of classes subject to cleaning. Quan- tity (cubic yards) of street sweep- ings re- moved. Persons em- ployed in street clean- ing. Quantity (cubic yards) of street sweepings removed. Payments for expenses of street cleaning. Area (square yards) subject to cleaning. Amount (square yards) of cleaning done per week. Aver- age num- ber of clean- ings per week. Weeks in clean- ing season. Total. Dura- bly paved. Mac- adam. Gravel. All other. Total. Per 1,000 inhabit- ants. i a 5 GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 59.0 91.0 35.5 23.5 S 159 40 <28 67 17 *13 22 13 *34 <103 144 113 16 <41 22 •48 •69 •6 •18 19 •16 •8 45 30 •28 •19 •9 (') 96 38 •13 67 17 •10 22 "36 •19 •9 •19 16 •7 •31 17 29 •10 •6 •26 •8 9 20 19 •13 i') 1,000 24,000 9,180 m 12,960 4,707 19,890 65,620 3,000 4,320 6,000 12,961 20,158 29,898 6,206 10,318 2,610 13,300 6,992 12,654 3,795 3,000 4,770 81,600 4,160 20,368 7,000 4,410 26,932 1,440 ^79 2,860 6,045 2,637 2,808 5,920 4,320 4,980 3,406 ^51740 1,000 16,584 10,913 4,881 18,842 9,348- 6,961 11,013 7,354 15, 108 55,800 7,461 11,628 6,291 12,393 16,139 14,384 33, 103 2,000 6,943 14, 139 8,915 4,824 28, 108 17,821 16,870 8,891 1,005 m 12, 134 9,817 5,684 13,619 15,247 4,739 16,486 11,660 7,308 6,873 6,424 7,102 9,000 3,907 13,023 11,060 17,512 6,723 3,943 7,671 6,608 4,028 6,900 5,934 2,700 332.15 223.03 100.00 386. 11 196.88 148.99 235.87 164.01 338.06 1,250.84 167.70 260.58 121.08 283.98 369.91 330.44 763.97 46.21 138.21 328.81 209.13 113.45 661.36 424.01 407.49 217.38 25.31 106 403,224 263,549 67,600 403,224 612,877 67,600 1.0 U9 1.0 30 40 34 17,000 78,000 91.0 107 108 48.5 79.0 40.5 12.8 8.6 47.0 29.0 9.4 66.9 46.8 1.7 5.0 40.6 (8) (3) (a) 3,400 (=) 200 (») 109 60,222 30,000 160,000 10.0 64.0 110 111 12.8 0.6 112 8.0 47.0 113 318,660 1,080,650 3.4 26 318,560 114 13.0 3.7 56.9 16.0 116 534,197 5.7 116 51,620 103,040 2.0 28 51,620 117 98,000 118 119 46,278 124,600 366,080 21.6 30.0 69.5 100.0 4.4 50.1 22.6 129.2 6.5 31.0 60.0 (=) 136.6 83.4 40.0 3.3 18.3 4,500 (») 16,498 }:lo 3,163 2,165 120 30.0 121 19.6 (=■) (») 39.9 122 «3.4 4.4 2.0 96.6 123 124 128,135 91,537 125 24.9 22.6 0.8 23.2 126 12/ 192,000 38.4 6.6 27.0 90.0 128 88,000 105,600 88,000 105,600 1.0 1.0 12 20 88,000 105,600 129 1.5 25.0 (') 84.6 83.2 2.5 25.0 (») 51.0 130 26,000 131 m (») 132 113 0.2 310.65 253.87. 146.45 355.76 402.40 127.87 445.81 315.04 197.62 186. 16 148.36 197.17 252.67 110.06 379.90 322.73 512.05 199.61 120.54 232.10 203.64 126.11 228.63 196.95 102.90 134 60,000 40.0 136 136 96.0 96.0 10,400 13'/ 138 45.8 32.0 6.0 53.0 16.3 30.6 3,600 3,000 480 (■=) 139 171,016 32.0 2.0 4.0 141 53.0 143 "'66,' 666' 406,274 " "132,' 666' 613,880 ""i'o" 1.6 34 62 ""66,'666' "'gi.'s' 60.0 15.0 24.6 12.7 46.0 54.0 16.0 6.0 1,350 162 144 146 41,066 9.0 146 147 "m',m ""'552,' 864' "'3.'2' 25 ""i76,'i68' 68.0 7.5 20.1 69.2 37.0 60.7 33.0 63.8 40.4 19.0 90.0 38.0 2.9 20.1 4.0 27.2 14.1 19.0 52.3 32.4 19.0 30.0 4.6 6,120 360 « 3,750 (') (») (=) . 1,200 (') (') (=■) 143 149 1,50 0.2 65.0 9.8 21.6 10.0 151 I.TO "i26,'954' '"'263,' 668' "'2.'6' 36' 3,056 "'i26,964 25.0 153 4.0 1.5 8.0 96,100 316,600 3.3 36 165 15,666 (•) ""96.'6' 156 167 158 « Includes areas of some streets with oil or water bound surface. • Gravel streets cleaned are included with macadam streets. ' Reported with employees of another department. 92775°— 13 ^9 Sweepings from gutters after flushing of streets. 130 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 14 — STREET CLEANING— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF PAVED STREETS AND ALLEYS REGULARLY CLEANED, BY SPECIFIED METHODS AND WITH STATED FREQUENCY: 1909. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion ol this table, see page 58. Figures printed * in italics are estimates.] Grand total.. Group I Group II Group III Group IV BY HAND SWEEPING. Total. 98,952,772 56,194,892 18,394,728 17,903,037 6,460,115 lor 2 times per ■weBk. 18,611,207 9,633,196 3,227,862 4,546,556 1,203,593 3 or 4 times per week. 5,868,452 2,497,196 1,407,597 862,950 1,100,709 5 or 6 times per 18,386,390 11,259,638 11,168,011 3,000,356 7 or more times per week. 43,814,395 30,177,182 25,196,574 2,499,631 1,325,520 1,155,457 BY MACHDIE SWEEPINO. Total. 86,256,598 43,466,406 19,377,960 16,609,518 6,902,726 lor2' times per week. 47,247,137 24,916,066 7,632,847 10,175,490 4,622,728 3 or 4 times per week. 10,720,286 3,«85,464 3,251,054 2,915,788 967,990 5 or 6 times per week. 21,389,804 14,964,885 2,203,634 3,091,099 1,130,286 7 or more times per week. 3,524,299 3,015,443 327,135 181,721 BY FLTTSHING. Total. 33,372,653 17,985,758 9,212,858 4,010,558 2,163,479 lor 2 times per week. 24,797,076 15,828,248 4,739,822 2,585,286 1,643,721 3 or 4 times per week. 3,176,888 102,853 2,162,187 437,350 474,498 6 or 6 times per week. 3,803,304 2,054,057 1,091,577 611,810 45, 260 7 or more times per week. 1,595,385 1,219,272 376,113 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1 New York, N.Y... Chicago, 111 30,115,905 (>) 7,031,225 3,676,864 481,536 750,740 1,650,000 1,138,668 1,191,546 2,261,001 1,430,422 1,025,657 3,010,432 420,420 2,010,476 2,380,500 {'5 1,118,700 ('5 1,574,631 ('5 7,031,225 2,198,059 V> 721,000 1,200,000 25,042,074 1,319,034 1,065,594 42,240 211,200 2 {■) (') (') (') (1) 3 Philadelphia, Pa.... St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore.Md Clevelancl, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y San Francisco, Cal. . Cincinnati, Ohio..-. Milwaukee, Wis.... Newark, N. J New Orleans, La... Washington, D.C.. 16,698?82 2,373,340 2,831,000 7,031,225 2,373,340 1,695,000 ('5 9,666,957 4 1,478,805 3,478,930 387.430 7,403,373 379,500 3,320,368 3,478,930 387,430 ('5 7,403,373 345,000 3,267,165 d t^ 29,740 692,000 ('5 644,000 o5 6 7 « (■) (') (') 8 450,000 1,138,668 4,680,000 3,264,009 6,926,350 184,719 1,253,039 348,622 1,349,666 330,905 1,907,550 2,700,000 3,264,009 4,991,639 77,927 1,980,000 34,500 9 53,203 in i,i9i,546 345,970 1,124,491 1,025,657 1,305,747 50,214 628,964 66,578 1,253,039 11 1,452,692 305,931 337,579 124,760 12 1,253,039 665,000 946,360 151,768 1,253,039 665,000 13 348,622 1,349,656 19,066 14 1,969,515 260,195 196,890 1,040,917 946,350 15 160,225 1,813,586 16,432 1,578,821 295,418 328,729 49,060 102,118 16 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Minneapolis, Mimi. . Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J.... Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind. . . j/ouisville, Ky Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I.... Rochester, N.Y... . St. Paul,Miim Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N.Y New Haven, Conn. . Soranton, Pa Paterson, N. J' Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass.... Memphis, Tenn ' Richmond, Va Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich Nashville, Term Lowell, M;ass Cambridge, Mass . . . Dayton,01iio 163,073 1,173,334 C 3,382,049 3,376,072 352,500 22, 180 270,927 2,026,325 991,311 160,000 4,000 320,508 620,283 182,391 278,775 1,257,656 361,293 313,935 298,888 46,000 225,000 162,624 151,200 117,330 168,000 307,486 205,920 199,609 1,257,069 163,073 938,667 ci 1,006,687 3,375,072 176,000 22, 180 270,927 1,418,067 991,311 1,576,623 855,738 ('5 687,300 3,375,072 440,000 134,410 802,417 880,479 1,575,623 207,801 ('5 163,073 1,220,267 163,073 281,600 18 234,667 (■5 768,654 92,918 687,300 656,019 ('5 704,000 234,667 19 1,606,708 (') (') 20 1,610,322 176,000 1,865,600 272,600 1,079,199 341,790 189,333 ?1 176,000 2? 88,500 88,000 140,000 200,000 50,281 100,000 84,130 880,000 985,600 •» 272,600 24 802,417 661,406 25 374,671 233, 597 176,428 42,645 289,311 495,656 240,000 289,311 165,219 26 330,437 27 160,000 4,000 740,000 1,133,900 2,510,767 740,000 690,200 240,000 ?R 443, 700 2,439,478 ■jq 320,508 67,211 4,078 777,000 110,600 777,000 30 620,283 110,800 31 182,391 322,611 1,168,640 416,603 361,293 531,468 263,730 100,000 322,611 32 278,775 1,257,650 1,168,640 416,603 278,775 524,497 278,775 624,497 33 3-1 361,293 175,071 158,232 46,000 225,000 63,360 361,293 266,018 36 138,864 140,666 266,450 695,217 420,146 175,071 36 263,730 100,000 37 36,000 35,000 38 39 57,024 161,200 4S,240 366,432 993,987 551,480 793,600 293,300 79,200 80,000 646,587 306,432 503,040 493,040 10,000 40 347,400 41 117,330 168,000 275,820 205,920 199,609 399,130 551,480 56,000 56,000 4' 793,500 43 31,666 293,300 44 79,200 45 4« 638,573 40,439 178,917 1 No record. » No data for times per week. GENERAL TABLES. 131 Table 14 — STREET CLEANING— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OP PAVED STREETS AND ALLEYS REGULARLY CLEANED, BY SPECIFIED METHODS AND WITH STATED FREQUENCY: 1909— Continued. IFor a list ol the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 68. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] GITY. BY HAND SWEEPING. BY MACHINE SWEEPING. BY FLUSHING. 1 a Total. lor 2 times per week. 3 or 4 times per week. 5 or 6 times per week. 7 or more times per week. Total. lor 2 times per week. 3 or 4 times per week. 5 or 6 times per week. 7 or more times per week. Total. lor 2 times per week. 3 or 4 times per week. 5 or 6 times per week. 7 or more times per week. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany, N.Y Bridgeport, Conn. . . Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa Trenton,N. J San Antonio, Tex. . New Bedford, Mass. Camden,N. J Dallas, Tex 300,000 141,401 160,400 224,000 290,000 549,927 203,730 170,968 350,000 344,100 260,500 191,582 B25,000 177,471 123,050 97,155 460,800 800,000 1,499,148 290, 319 108,120 165,640 606, 068 25,000 511,P$ 1,121,592 193,205 793, 745 606,878 293,905 112, 273 162,660 300,000 1,313,546 27, 717 414,000 86,000 1,313,545 27,717 39,000 39,000 48 " 141,401 160,400 49 414, 000 160,400 86,000 145,000 160,400 SO 224,000 10,000 75,000 10,000 145,000 75,000 51 290,000 549,927 203, 730 52 53 203,730 85,484 413,892 216,900 504,420 191,582 525,000 173,604 58,006 122, 886 203, 730 54 170,968 85,484 413, 892 46,234 45,234 .55 350,000 344,100 260,500 6fi 216,900 344,100 177,000 344,100 57 Salt Lake City ,Utah Lynn, Mass Wllmmgton.Del... Springfield , Mass . . . Des Moines, Iowa . . Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo Troy, N.Y 604,420 177,000 58 191,582 191,582 59 485,000 P,000 525,000 73,248 80.000 34,615 96,546 80,000 60 m,m 46,328 64,028 58,006 34,615 61 123,050 5,700 96,546 62 91,455 460,800 800,000 122,886 6.1 345,600 315,000 184, 320 200,000 161,280 45,000 64 400,000 54, 973 157,290 200,000 200,000 70,000 65 Yonkers,N.Y Tacoma, Waph Youngstown, Ohio. Duluth,Miim Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass . . . Kansas City, Kans.. TJtioa,N.Y Waterbury, Conn... Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady, N. Y. Hoboken.N.J Manchester, N. H.. Eyansville, Ind 1,292,000 207, 148 64,973 157,290 66 290,319 108, 120 165,640 178,500 25,000 66,112 1,121,592 193,205 340,560 506,878 31,760 685,880 94, 381 178,500 31, 760 67 636,600 94, 381 49,280 68 115, 856 605,068 1,025,925 115, 856 326, 56f 1,025,925 69 326,568 178, .500 178,500 70 71 ue.sso 7? 1, 121, 592 752,832 368,760 73 74 3,000 450,186 250,940 772,016 188,249 184,773 840,978 508, 334 290,940 215,605 188,249 7'i 4,078 552,333 50,030 50,030 76 293,905 77 112, 273 152,560 184,773 723,560 375, 134 75,670 75,570 78 88,311 29, 107 133, 200 79 m Akron, Ohio Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex... Wilkes-Barre, Pa... Erie, Pa $50,000 276, 648 155,287 82,578 896, 455 140,814 i97,B5i 762,000 elS, 161 82,433 3»,«7£ 505,350 75,08/, 202,648 250,000 231, 294 100, 936 75,105 64,460 140, 814 341,777 762,000 512,161 82,433 250.000 250,000 81 45,354 460,246 155,287 435,666 283,957 107, 660 68,729 155, 287 102, 186 R' 54, 351 155,287 156, 287 8? 7,473 831,996 224,787 108,693 84 85 Savannah, Ga 638,353 574,222 130,759 574,222 266, 459 262,136 86 102,444 53, 333 87 Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind. . . Charleston, S. C Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind. . . East St. Louis, 111. . Holyoke, Mass 88 335,479 410,936 335,479 81,026 266,080 256,080 89 329,909 90 213,515 106,757 252, 676 91 252,675 75,084 202,648 92 9? 213, 148 164,266 280,000 422,815 101,575 242,020 312, 176 941,050 213, 148 164,266 280,000 95 .Johnstown, Pa ■ Jacksonville, Fla. . . Oklahoma City, 280,000 18,790 280,000 18, 790 181,206 101,576 241,609 97 101,675 101,575 98 Bayonne, N.J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind . . . Passaic,N.J Altoona, Pa 242,020 312, 176 HO, 800 54,770 27,000 (') 264.000 165, 168 242,020 77,286 140, 800 64,770 27,000 (') 264,000 19,887 242,020 312, 178 941,050 99 234, 891 101 102 360,520 360,520 101 (■) (') W (') (') (■) 264,000 (■) 264,000 (') (') (') Allentown, Pa Pawtucket, R. I.... 105 135,281 1 No record. 132 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 14.— STREET CLEANING— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF PAVED STREETS AND ALLEYS REGULARLY CLEANED, BY SPECIFIED METHODS AND WITH STATED FREQUENCY: 1909— Continued. (For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 58. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] CITY. BY HAND SWEEPING. DY MACHINE SWEEPING. BY FLUSHING. to 1 s Total. lor 2 times per week. 3 or 4 times per week. 5 or 6 times por week. 7 or more times per week. Total. lor 2 times per week. 3 or 4 times per week. 5 ore times per week. 7 or more times per week. Total. lor 2 times per week. 3er4 times per week. 5 or 6 times per week. 7 or more times per week. GEOtTP rV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans. . . :. Springfield, 111 Binghamton, N. Y. Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa. . Little Eock, Ark. . . Springfield, Ohio. . Atlantic City, N.J. Bay City, Mich Eockford,Ill York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Term, Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britain, Conn. Davenport, Iowa. . McKeesport Pa . . . Wheeling,W. Va.. Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis... Newton, Mass.. - Dubuque, Iowa.. Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich. . Montgomery, Ala. . Woonsocket, E. I. Galveston, Tex Fitchburg.Mass., Eacine, Wis Ehnira, N. Y Quincy, 111 Knoxville, Term.. Newcastle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N. Y West Hoboken, N.J Joliet,Ill Taunton, Mass. Everett, Mass.. Oshkosn, Wis.. Chelsea, Mass... Joplin,Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr 717, 751 17,000 78,000 43,200 50,222 30,000 150,000 280,900 318,550 548,665 634, 197 102,907 98,000 75,000 46,278 1U,500 901,120 73,000 141,518 91,537 3,680 192,000 8,000 150,000 25,000 83,300 80,000 83,000 41,000 171,016 80,274 61,308 116,603 66,000 41,066 170, 108 64,416 251,084 71,000 6,122 126,954 161,939 15,000 150,000 136,000 32,000 440,000 73,000 150,000 "83,'36o 73,293 6,000 136,000 634, 197 "98,'666 111,000 30,512 192,000 17,000 43,200 50,222 30,000 1U,900 161,560 108,665 102,907 46,278 '96i'i20 141,518 61,025 3,680 25,000 83,000 41,000 97,723 80, 274 61,308 116,603 41,066 170, 108 64,416 71,000 126,954 161,939 717,751 78,000 75,000 13,500 261,084 5,122 16,000 228,148 150,000 150,000 534, 197 98,000 533,660 280,542 197,500 366,080 20,000 128,136 91,537 336,000 323,840 165,859 461,925 160,620 93,597 150,000 280,148 437,891 171,016 398, 181 132,544 216,436 9B,4S6 183,744 94,000 21,313 185,856 51,600 120,000 50,000 174,562 634, 197 98,000 533,660 222,806 197,500 "ia,m 91,53; 156,800 253,440 256,626 "i66,'526 13i,160 280,148 396, 181 119,290 161,780 61,1 183,744 94,000 21,313 186,866 51,600 120,000 50,000 366,080 179,200 165,859 93,697 150,000 57,676 70,400 "265,'366 15,840 '437,'89i "'97,' 723 64,656 30,800 53,586 128, 135 403,224 263,549 67,600 318,550 51,620 88,000 ia5,600 66,000 406,274 170, 108 126,954 96,100 403,324 263,549 67,600 51,520 88,000 105,600 66,000 406,274 126,964 65,000 318,550 155,948 31,100 GENERAL TABLES. 133 Table 15 — STREET CLEANING— AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES DURING THE STREET-CLEANING SEASON: 1909. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 86. For a text discussion of this table, see page 58. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] Grand total. Group I Group II.. Group III. Group IV. Total. 22,660 13,963 4,052 3,072 1,473 CLASSES or EMPL0TEE3. Superin- tendent. 166 Foremen and in- spectors. 142 112 47 Mechan- ics and other skilled laborers. Teamsters. 174 19 20 21 3,103 928 687 Unskilled laborers. 15, 767 9,656 2,892 2,222 997 All others. 174 32 9 9 BKANCHES OF STEEET-CLEAMNG SERVICE IN WHICH EMPLOYED. Hand sweeping. 13, 153 8,774 2,023 1,750 606 Machine sweeping. 1,711 783 362 362 204 Flushing. 724 364 189 125 46 Hauling. 4,205 2,739 677 602 287 AU others. 2,767 1,303 801 333 330 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1 NewYork.N.Y 4,782 1,163 2,766 1,275 629 437 329 611 386 241 176 366 «332 194 398 29 "l 3 (') 11 2 7 1 (") 1 3 "6 8 2 370 64 23 83 47 22 25 • 47 27 17 8 13 "29 11 7 125 479 163 1,302 266 119 168 89 86 75 24 41 75 "65 42 119 3,683 936 1,419 930 369 236 196 467 283 196 120 233 "224 125 250 96 3,458 976 1,419 931 206 9 470 163 1,242 164 91 160 89 51 50 24 30 36 "65 24 90 845 2 Chicago, nl 14 3 Phili>flolphi> v^ 10 2 4 60 18 24 264 2 155 15 77 10 14 "88 12 45 34 4 St. liouis, Mo 1 160 6 12 S Boston, Mass 202 6 Baltimore, Md 33 7 Cleveland, Ohio. . 6 11 4 106 366 278 136 126 243 "16O 126 246 103 32 16 29 8 Pittsburgh, Pa 8 9 Detroit, Mich 28 10 Buffalo, N.Y 5 5 11 San Francisco, Cal 5 16 "o 3 17 3 29 "e 6 6 12 Cinninnsiti, Ohio 26 "3 5 3 44 13 Milwaukee, Wis "1, 14 Newark, N. J 1.1 27 in 17 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. Minneapolis, Minn. Los Angeles, Cal. . . Jersey City, N. J... Kansas City, Mo . . . Indianapolis, Ind. . . Louisville, Ky... Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I. Rochester, N. Y.. St. Paul, Minn... Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg.. Columbus, Ohio. Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass. Atlanta, Ga Syracuse, N.Y New Haven, Conn . Scranton, Pa Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass. Memphis, Tenn.. Richmond, Va... Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Tenn Lowell, M:ass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio m. 321 206 ) 321 223 282 168 167 313 170 127 100 107 56 63 265 87 138 36 60 62 86 60 130 90 48 83 80 106 13 0) (') (') C) m (0 « m m 254 127 226 167 110 240 153 34 66 63 88 45 27 233 70 120 21 41 61 63 32 76 70 25 71 60 82 m (') (')„ 31 61 '229 147 210 64 62 253 146 28 10 40 68 37 27 147 50 40 16 37 61 20 m (') 9 4 10 15 31 29 7 9 9 2 4 60 9 11 7 5 9 3 12 20 4 5 6 10 6 4 4 4 12 2 6 m P) 233 56 12 13 12 54 5 7 6 17 2 2 2 1 41 3 72 29 7 4 44 4 ' Employees reported with those of other departments. 'Not reported. 134 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Tabib is.— street cleaning— average number op employees during the street-cleaning SEASON: 1909— Continued. ?For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 58. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] crrT. Total. CLASSES OF EMPLOYEES. BRANCHES Of STEEET-CLEANINO SERVICE Df WHICH EMPLOYED. Superin- tendent. Foremen and in- spectors. Mechan- ics and other skilled laborers. Teamsters. Unskilled laborers. All others. Hand sweeping. Machine sweeping. Flushing. Hauling. All others. GEOUP m.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 87 100 101 102 103 104 105 Albany, N.Y Bridgeport, Conn.. Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa Trenton, N.J San Antonio, Tex. . . Now Bedford, Mass.. Camdeo, N. J. Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lynn, Mass Wilmington, Del Springfield , Mass Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass. St. Joseph, Mo... Troy,N;Y Yonkers, N. Y... Tacoma, Wash.. Youngstown, Ohio. . Duluth,Miim Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Kansas, City, Kans., Utica,N.Y Watorbury , Coim. .. Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady, N. Y. Hoboken, N. J Manchester, N. n . Evausville, Ind Birmingham, Ala.. Akron, Ohio Norfolk Va Fort Worth, Tex. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Erie, Pa Savaimah, Ga — Peoria, 111 Hanisburg, Pa — Fort Wayne, Ind. Charleston, S.C.. Portland, Me Terre Haute, Ind. East St. Louis, 111. Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla.. Oklahoma, City, Okla. Bayonne, N.J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Passaic, N.J Altoona, Pa Mobile, Ala AUentown, Pa... Pawtucket.E. 1. 73 20 57 60 52 27 40 231 71 41 49 27 87 40 38 102 50 08 100 46 1,') « 20 55 20 78 70 49 52 62 41 134 38 40 82 37 15 17 IS 37 0) « « (') (') (') (■) h 0) (■) (') (') 0) (') « « w « 50 12 44 L 50 30 17 32 217 60 26 32 18 56 28 24 62 45 46 71 35 C) 10 44 11 60 38 16 33 20 30 120 26 29 72 24 « W w (') (') (I) 37 20 16 22 33 14 41 25 10 11 22 203 CO 24 29 15 22 10 26 62 32 30 35 16 P) (}) 6 48 7 41 33 16 39 20 30 120 21 14 78 24 10 7 10 10 52 0) 0) 0) (') 0) (') C) 2 27 11 2 1 25 1 3 13 5 2 14 2 1 2 5 40 20 2 27 1 10 12 1 2 1 15 1 19 1 Employees reported with those of other departments. GENERAL TABLES. 135 Table 15 — STREET CLEANING— AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES DURING THE STREET-CLEANING SEASON: 1909— Continued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 58. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] Total. CLASSES 07 EMPLOYEES. Superin- tendent. Foremen and in- spectors. Mechan- ics and other slcilled laborers. Teamsters. Unskilled laborers. All others. BBANCHES OF STBEET-CLEANINO SEBVICE IN WHICH EMPLOYED. Hand sweeping. Machine sweeping. Flushing. Hauling. All others. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF .30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, HI Blnghamton, N. Y. . Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Eocfc, Ark Springfield, Ohio AtlanticCity, N. J.. Bay City, Mich Eockford,Ill York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. . Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salem, Mass New Britain, Conn. . Davenport, Iowa McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va.... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich Montgomery, Ala. . . Woonsocket, R. I. . . Galveston, Tex Fltohburg, Mass Racing, Wis Elmira, N. Y Qulnoy^IU Knoxvule, Tenn New Castle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N. Y West Hoboken, N. J JoUet,IU Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshkosh, Wis Chelsea, Mass Joplin,Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. (') (') 59 40 28 57 17 2 2 1 13 22 13 34 103 1 1 0) (■) 144 13 16 41 22 2 1 2 1 48 59 fi 0) iil 13 19 16 8 45 (■) 2 2 28 19 9 96 38 2 13 57 17 10 22 (') 1 2 (•) 1 36 19 9 19 (') 2 (') 1 (') (') 1 0) 0) (') ('} (') 1'i 7 ^1 17 99 10 6 ■'6 8 9 20 19 13 1 (') (') (') (') 0) w (') 14 10 25 79 114 10 10 28 15 32 42 6 13 (') (') (') (') (') (■) 0) (') (') C) (') (>) (') 0) 17 2 25 1 I 2 1 2 4 9fi 1 1 5 1 57 5 1 19 5 C) 5 1 1 14 1 Employees reported with those of other departments. 136 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 16.— STREET CLEANING— SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL: 1909. [Only those cities rejMrting data lor annual snowfall are included in this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 58. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION, STATE, AND CITY. Area (square yards) of paved streets ' from which snow was removed. Ag- gre- gate snow- fall (ins.) dur- ing year. Days' work by city em- ploy- ExrENSES or SNOW and ICE EEMOVAL. Total. Per inch of snow- fall per 10,000 square yards of paved streets. Per 1,000 pop- ula- tion. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION, STATE, AND CITY. Area (square yards) of paved streets • from which snow was removed. Ag- gre- gate snow- faU (ins.) dur- ing year. Days' work by city em- ploy- EXPEN3E3 or SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL. Total. Per inch of snow- fall per 10,000 square yards of paved streets. Per 1,000 pop- ula- tion. 90 77 5 38 U 45 54 58 60 62 70 93 94 123 124 126 133 141 151 152 164 24 105 139 48 50 127 1 10 25 33 47 64 65 72 75 110 143 148 Grand total. 135,312,348 35.9 200,819 $1,206, ,542 $2.43 $72.12 I.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC DIVISION— Contd. North Atlantic division . South Atlantic division. North Central division. . 82,136,416 12,945,074 40,230,859 34.3 26.6 42.4 133,434 5,846 61,539 1,032,970 9,378 164,194 3.63 0.27 0.96 92.75 8.66 36.40 I.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC DIVISION. Maine: Portland New HamiBhire: Manchester. . Massachusetts: Boston Fall River... Lowell Cambridge... New Bedford Lyim Springfield... Lawrence Somerville... Holyoke Brockton Maiden Haverhill Salem Newton Fitchburg Taunton Everett Chelsea Rhode Island: Providence. . Pawtucket. - . Woonsocket-. Coimecticut: Bridgeport... Hartford New Britain. New York: New York... Buffalo Rochester Syracuse Albany Troy Yonkers trtica Schenectady. Binghamton. Elmira Auburn 606,438 69.1 3.200 $9,711 $2.32 137,412 61.9 4,096 7,237 10.15 852,448 20.1 44,223 114,026 19.89 280,626 12.3 120 335 0.97 399,607 20.1 11,993 14.93 432,270 20.1 3,056 5,062 5.83 316,004 25.5 27 220 0.27 183,238 28.3 1,800 3,052 6.89 217,406 34.0 576 985 1.33 172,252 37.6 1,600 3,000 4.63 167,992 20.1 1,325 4,475 13.26 217,172 31.6 425 1,710 2.50 205,858 11.0 610 1,371 6.06 26,242 20.1 260 500 9.87 132,746 20.1 440 1,666 6.25 106, 60i 28.3 1,170 2,500 8.29 692,266 20.1 1,400 9,000 6.47 136,285 39.0 1,200 3,465 6.52 96,427 10.5 715 1,064 10.51 23,379 20.1 700 2,486 52.85 112,878 20.1 760 2,142 9.44 809,202 20.2 1,400 3,992 2.44 157,015 2 12.8 80^ 2,340 11.64 40,822 20.2 715 2,594 31.48 169,118 18.3 600 1.62 232,270 32.3 1,100 2,266 3.02 3,580 32.3 70 485 41.72 470,407 20.7 18,056 707,313 12.91 152,445 78.5 936 16,651 0.28 589,737 66.5 2,138 25,301 1.47 365,321 93.2 4,600 3 3,312 0.26 468,469 41.4 2,136 3,687 0.59 833,616 41.4 326 682 0.2C 207,148 20.7 1,60(1 356 0.13 184,579 101.0 1,226 2,527 0.21 860,974 41.4 1,057 2,500 0.70 279,352 45.8 27C 1,891 1.48 249, 147 43.3 1,788 1.66 170,109 76.0 87 0.07 $167.95 105.04 173. 47 2.87 115. 16 48.89 2.37 35.01 11.43 36.10 59.01 30.33 24.80 11.65 38.74 58.64 229.12 93.70 31.59 76.00 66.00 18.17 46.67 69.99 6.04 23.31 11.41 162. 79 37.69 119. 64 24.77 35.94 8.89 0.73 34.86 35.61 39.83 48.43 2.54 New Jersey: Newark Hoboken Passaic West Hoboken. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia... Pittsburgh Wilkes-Barre. . Erie Harrisburg 3,413,434 20.7 6,324 $15,265 $2.16 392,621 20.7 1,20C 3 287 0.36 54,770 21.3 291 2.49 267,660 2.07 350 3 28 0.06 16,698,182 20.1 7,720 0.19 7,44^,803 26.2 20,721 41,967 2.16 448,833 46.5 168 2,397 1.15 896,455 66.5 56 143 0.02 763,997 36.6 1,800 2,000 0.74 $45.44 4.13 6.63 0.82 5.06 79.53 36.46 2.19 32.74 II.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION. Delaware; Wilmington Maryland: Baltimore Virginia: Richmond District of Columbia: Washington 806,455 13.2 6 $39 $0.04 6,482,652 31.7 2,000 2,807 0.14 1,047,187 26.3 140 316 0.12 4,608,780 35.9 3,700 6,216 0.38 $0.45 5.07 2.72 19.04 III.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE NORTH CENTRAL DIVISION. Ohio: Cincinnati Indiana: Evansville Illinois: Chicago Michigan: Detroit Grand Rapids. Bay City Kalamazoo... Minnesota: Miimeapolis. . St. Paul Duluth Wisconsin: Milwaukee... Superior Racine La Crosse Iowa: Des Moines. . Dubuque Missouri: St. Joseph... 4,626,512 872,197 16,464,320 6,802,342 782,138 867,426 646, 708 356,682 1,911,713 1,258,838 649,333 2,031,658 907,808 385,435 161,939 1,434,472 160,520 911,918 14.3 26.5 41.3 36.6 72.4 73.0 40.0 64.7 67.5 45.7 43.5 45.7 43.5 63.9 30.6 28.6 13.6 5,808 15,843 1,600 5,000 200 600 900 13,000 12,000 4,750 133 360 1,027 240 112 $13,427 107 50,916 16,443 3 2,339 1,221 3,219 417 20,411 8,024 12,206 300 132 1,484 2,311 3 150 195 $2.03 0.10 1.24 0.69 0.84 0.19 0.68 0.29 2.50 2.40 2.70 1.38 0.07 0.08 1.43 0.53 0.33 $37.25 1.56 23.77 36.75 21.25 24.45 72.35 10.97 104.96 96.48 106.52 33.99 7.56 3.57 49.17 27.32 3.84 2.62 1 Exclusive of roadways in parks. s Exclusive of snowfall in December. > Part of the expenses of snow and ice removal is included with the expenses of street cleaning. 138 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 17.— DUST PREVENTION— STREET SPRINKLING » [Cities having no regular sprinkling with water by city are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, Grand total. Group I Group II Group III Group IV Area (square yards) of streets i with paved, oil or water bound surface. 268,008,279 123,358,956 79,357,613 43,791,114 21,500,596 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES— On cart sprinkling. By city em- ployees. 1,438 164 785 330 159 By con- tractors. 721 297 243 117 64 On car sprin- kling. 42 108 61 29 EQUIPMENT USED. Number of horses. Number of sprin- kling carts. 2,392 770 970 432 220 Number of street- car sprin- klers. 110 20 47 28 15 LENGTH AND AREA REGULARLY SPRINKLED. Length (miles). 7,575.1 2,439.8 3,023.7 1,385.1 726.5 Area (square yards). Total. 147,903,153 45,163,655 61,695,362 26,670,633 14,373,503 By cart. By city employees. 95,874,874 28,936,167 42,293,066 17,489,691 7,156,060 By contractors. GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 34,234,310 12,728,022 11,796,952 4,633,499 5,075,837 1 New York, N.Y 38,204,111 16,698,182 12,647,612 9,680,322 7,743,917 7,610,003 7,425,880 7,810,379 3,819,375 4,719,262 6,999,913 m 6 0) 291 "6 560 132 225 66 B3S.0 %.. 147.7 200.0 168.2 155.0 462.0 11.0 68.0 67.0 9,160,632 12,376,022 2,899,851 2,112,000 1,226,133 5,356,000 9,630,240 161,333 1,188,024 1,103,520 8,808,632 2,899,851 362,000 12,376,022 3 Philadelphia, Pa 4 St. Louis, Mo 6 2i 90 5 Boston, Mass 7 Cleveland, Ohio 26 10 13 5 8 Pittsburgh, Pa 11 San Francisco, Cal 20 40 (') 20 147 5,356,000 9,630,240 13 Milwaukee, Wis 14 Newark, N.J 6 2 15 New Orleans, La 11 22 . 20 44 10 22 1,138,024 1,103,520 16 Washington, D . C 28 Minneapolis, Minn.. Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N.J Indianapolis, Ind Louisville, Ky Seattle, Wash , Providence, R. I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Worcester, Mass Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Conn... Paterson, N.J Fall River, Mass Memphis, Tenn Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich, Nashville, Tenn Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio 2,170,714 225 98 450 188 8 126 225 94 4 63 12,545,860 2,423,156 4,864,555 4 70 4 2 5 4,114,173 14 4 21 7 2 7 2,954,233 4,340,818 3,173,500 8 89 94 35 15 48 96 156 180 70 28 63 22 40 48 78 90 36 14 34 11 20 2,293,740 2,867,116 4,162,324 3,697,214 6 3 3,304,071 1,374,160 1,532,523 1,883,807 39 11 14 8 4 4 9 4 86 4 2 2 3 2 3 20 1,608,726 3,510,425 4,749,762 9 30 36 27 30 11 50 26 41 56 104 54 64 20 98 15 35 28 64 27 27 10 49 14 30 3,561,296 3,129,279 4 2 2,402,980 6 2 1,652,796 1,135,385 15 6 3 321.2 335.4 18.0 W 140.0 16.6 40.0 134.7 195.0 180.0 187.0 12. S 119.5 92.0 IS4.O 10.0 77.6 162.5 232.1 193.0 170.0 43.8 101.8 107.2 5,087,650 8,330,667 316,307 2,825,976 2,063,300 292,160 704,000 2,113,165 4,044,105 4,752,000 2,960,350 248,824 2,633,015 2,166,755 2,676,000 120,000 1,186,600 3,575,000 5,444,266 3,397,152 2,958,000 909,096 1,652,796 1,349,178 5,087,650 8,330,667 4,044,105 4,762,000 2,576,000 248,824 213,600 3,203,200 3,097,600 2,899,072 2,958,000 654, 552 1,652,796 316,307 2,826,976 2,113,165 1,742,848 1,342,445 612,500 2,346,666 497,045 ' Exclusive of roadways in parks. 3 Employees and horses on city work are reported with another department. ' For boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, and Brooklyn only. * Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. 139 WITH WATER BY CITY: 1909. with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 60. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] LENGTH AND AREA KEQULAELY SPKINKLED— continued. SCHEDULE or SPBINKLING SEASON. Quantity o water used (gallons). EXPENSES OP SPRINKLING WITH WATEK. Area (square yards)— Contmued. Weeks m sprin- kling season. Frequency of sprinkling. Total. Per 1,000 population. By cart— Contmued. By car. 1 Per employee. Per cart. a '3 60,264 54,393 17,793,969 90,378 52,617 49,492 64,852 54,109 55,763 51,211 65,699 3,499,466 7,605,344 4,647,543 2,141,616 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 39,667 32,221 207,800 103,457 60,160 40,713 W 44,200 43,937 267,800 65,512 113,802 50,160 2,112,000 = 1,226,133 161,333 3 times daily to 3 times weekly. m 4 to 8 times a day 1 to 4 times a day (•) Once a day 2 to 4 times a day 2 to 5 times a day (<) 8 times a week 1 to 5 times a day 3 375,612,200 1,927,666,620 70,578,000 « 32,667,000 325,000,000 (') 1,773,000 (') S47, 105 237,322 56,883 « 11,619 68,400 (*) 9,050 V) $30.86 370.41 261.34 69,74 190.51 (<) 27.06 (0 11 13 14 15 16 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 22,612 85,007 79,077 37,680 37,735 45,439 50,653 73,600 16,588 44,688 95,889 128,750 23,603 106,773 82,489 107,373 98.600 59,505 33,056 33, 136 22,612 88,624 79,077 44,857 44,024 51,848 52,800 73,600 17,773 51,260 122,040 128,750 23,603 114,400 85,067 107,373 109,556 65,455 33,731 35,503 (*) B, 053,300 292, 160 704,000 384,360 890, 167 824,310 W 120,000 360,500 371,800 254,544 862, 133 2 to 8 times a day . No schedule W Twice a day « (') - 4 times a day 3 to 4 times a day. 2 to 8 times a day. Twiceaday (') Twice- daily 3 to 10 times daily. No schedule (') W 2 to 8 times a day . 1 to 4 times a day- No schedule 2 to 4times a day . 2 to 5 times a day . 2 to 5 times a day . 2 to 4 times a day . 4 timesaday 562,500,000 473,499,000 370,440,000 0) W 77,000,000 (') 317,520,000 800,000,000 9,926,400 102,602,250 h (*) 63,900,150 133,300,000 14,594,924 89,668,200 207,526,000 (') 86,431,250 (') $145,442 86,400 4,278 57,226 1,078 3,615 38,829 54,384 49,877 15,069 (') (*) 21,606 40,096 W 14,998 32,230 54,270 17,503 27,400 17, 241 33,834 2,862 $517. 47 366.49 16.36 254.98 4.87 16.46 186. 00 283.64 240.82 107. 37 (<) 161. 60 306.28 (0 134.37 276. 16 470. 03 159.03 240.83 165 54 337.87 30.82 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 27 31 33 34 36 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 ' These are inspectors and a small force used when contractor fails to cover his district satisfactorily, expense being deducted from his monthly remittance. ' Car sprinkling is for only the width of the street railway trades. ' Reported with the employees of another department. » Includes 2 electric auto sprinldeis. 140 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 17.— DUST PREVENTION— STREET SPRINKLING i [Cities having no regular spriniling with water by city are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, CITT. Area (square yards) of streets i with paved, oil or water bound surface. NUMBEK OF EMPLOYEES— EQUIPMENT USED. LENGTH AND AREA REGULARLY SPRINKLED. On cart sprinMing. On car sprin- Hing. Number of horses. Number ofsprin- kltog carts. Number of street car sprin- Hers. Length (miles). Area (square yards). ^ ^ Total. By cart. i 1 By city em- ployees. By con- tractors. By city employees. By contractors. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 81 85 90 92 93 94 95 97 98 101 105 Bridgeport, Conn . . Spokane, Wash Hartford, Corai Trenton, N.J San Antonio, Tex. New Bedford, Mass. . . Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lynn, Mas,s Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass . Lawrence, Mass. . Troy,N.Y Yonkers,N.Y.... Taeoma, Wash... Youngstown, Ohio. Duluth,Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Waterbury, Conn... Elizabeth, N. J. Schenectady, N. Y . Manchester, N. H . . E vansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala. . . Akron, Ohio... Norfolk, Va.... Savannah, Ga. Portland, Me.. EastSt. Louis, HI. Hoi yoke. Mass Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Oklahoma City, Okla.. Bayonne, N. J Passaic,N. J Pawtucket, B.I IMS, ess 417,838 l,S0i,S70 710,264 8,338,250 1,256,447 1,310,399 840,692 576,077 1,094,050 2,843,113 633,963 887, 159 1,499,148 1,140,508 827,212 2,800,873 1,266,240 1,050,925 316,055 947,578 895,923 em, 532 1,039,330 1,962,731 1,002,316 1,021, .570 868,006 2,252,000 1, on, 350 835,812 487,923 410,080 1,643,345 526,520 553, 730 1,544,247 1 24 35 4 15 7 1 19 7 15 2 6 4 39 - 10 6 3 4 19 9 20 2 13 18 2 4 1 20 5 10 32 7 4 6 2 4 15 4 6 2 2 1 3 4 15 1 3 14 2 20 3 2 3 8 20 («) 54.8 181.0 56.3 1.0 56.6 32.0 67.6 m 39.0 50.6 99.0 26.1 50.0 36.2 3.0 7.6 23.1 19.9 76.0 26.0 20.0 21.0 144.6 7.4 18.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 28.0 0.2 51.7 H.8 8.5 S.S 15.0 33.0 61.3 1,093,875 4,062,468 987,920 25,000 997,500 557,000 1,310,399 777,920 811,400 1,915,760 684,240 843,000 439,716 55,000 70,400 545,274 462,550 1,337,600 513,604 300,000 419,610 2,534,023 260,984 508,334 82,000 77,217 88,849 623,700 4,000 1,052,559 1,278,934 150,000 73, 134 378,000 525,063 863,600 S,S71,428 600,720 25,000 997,500 315,000 418,939 50,000 1,581,360 464,640 843,000 499,716 55,000 462,550 73,876 288,433 300,000 205,219 2,534,023 391,934 62,000 77,217 851,919 1,278,934 150,000 73, 134 378,000 863,600 1,093,875 85,000 '339,093 545,274 i,' 263,' 724' 260,984 30,000 4,000 525,063 1 Exclusive of roadways in parks. 2 Not reported. ' Car sprinkling is only for the width of the street railway tracks. GENERAL TABLES. 141 WITH WATER BY CITY: 1909— Continued. with, the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 60. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] LENGTH ANDAEEA BEQUIAKLY SPRINKLED— continued. SCHEDULE or SPRINKLING SEA.SON. Quantity of water used (gallons). EXPENSES or SPRINKLING WITH WATER. Area (square yards)— Continued. Weelcsin sprin- ging season. Frequency of sprinkling. Total. Per 1,000 population. By cart— Continued. By car. i Per employee. Per cart. a 3 GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 43,735 102,041 40,048 25,000 52,500 22,222 27,903 414,028 33,909 16,667 83,229 23,232 64,846 27,762 27,500 25,965 92,510 31,848 40,919 50,000 102,610 168,935 65,246 65,322 27,333 25,739 22, 212 32,432 4,000 60,851 63,947 50,000 36,567 126,000 65,633 43,180 54, 694 105,042 40,048 25,000 62,500 44,444 27,903 33,909 25,000 87,853 23,232 64,846 27,762 55,000 27,264 92,510 31,848 40,919 60,000 102,610 168,935 65,246 65,322 41,000 25,739 22, 212 37,422 4,000 60,851 63, 947 50,000 36,567 126, 000 65,633 45.453 '491,040 387,200 157,000 438,827 761,400 334,400 119,600 70,400 iS7, 171 214,391 116,400 1S7,B14 200,640 W m 2 to 4 times a day m Twice daily 5 times a week 1 to 3 times daily. No schedule 1 to 4 times a day. Twice daily Twice daUy Twice daily 1 to 4 times daily - 4timesdail7 m h No schedule m No schedule 2 to 4 times daily. Twice daily Twice daily Once a day Twice a day No schedule 4 times daily 1 to 4 times daily. No schedule 3 to 6 times daily. 6 times a week 2 to 3 times daily. m ■■-■ 2 to 4 tmies a day. 3 to 8 times daily. Sdaysaweek 3 times daily m « m m m h 51,300,000 12,290,583 80,400,000 ISO, 000,000 (^) 8,312,500 m 65,000,000 35,280,000 ^1,000,000 m (.') 28,080,000 86,840,000 (^) 9,063,000 60,452,800 15,120,000 22,320,000 1,188,500 3,015,292 m 41,085,250 22,520,450 m 10,800,000 8 38,440,000 $20,973 21,259 19,568 m 15,921 6,655 18, 733 27,784 18,865 31, 626 21,361 7,496 14, 191 m m 16, 072 2,329 25,088 12,747 2,053 7,646 5,427 7,482 1,744 1,779 23,526 400 14,022 11,859 P) 3,046 3,713 2,825 12,019 S211.21 214.84 201.28 171. 60 206.76 215. 75 318. 15 254.10 10.28 402.93 257.05 97.71 192.95 (.') m 211.36 30.66 406.82 179.05 m 29.91 140.20 78.94 109.07 26.14 27.49 406.88 7.06 248.71 266.57 57.18 69.85 64.61 260.45 48 49 50 62 S3 64 56 57 58 59 60 62 64 65 66 07 70 73 74 75 77 78 79 81 85 90 92 93 94 95 97 98 101 105 * Includes 1 electric auto spruikler. ' Sprinkling by carts is for 20 weeks and that by car for 25 weeks. ' Eeported with the employees of another department. 142 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 17.— DUST PREVENTION— STREET SPRINKLING* [Cities having no regular sprinkling with water by city are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states. CITY. Area (square yards) of streets i with paved, oil or water bound surface. NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES— EQUIPMENT USED. LENGTH AND AKEA KEGUIAKLY SPRINKLED. On cart sprinkling. On car sprin- kling. Number of horses. Number of sprin- kling carts. Number of street car sprin- klers. Length (mUes). Area (square yards). Total. By cart. 1 By city em- ployees. By con- tractors. By city employees. By contractors. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,(X)0 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 109 112 113 114 115 116 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 131 134 135 136 138 139 141 142 148 151 152 153 154 156 Springfield, 111 Sioux City, Iowa. . Little Rock, Ark. . . Springfield, Ohio... AtlanticCity, N. J. Bay City, Mich Sacramento, Cal. . . Maiden, Mass Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo SalenijMass New Britain, Conn Davenport^ Iowa . . Augusta, Ga Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Chester, Pa Montgomery, Ala.. Woonsocket, R. I. . Fitchburg, Mass. . . Racine, Wis Aubiim, N. Y Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oahkosh, Wis Chelsea, Mass La Crosse, Wis 1, 203, 225 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 439,292 586, 100 1 4 2 1 2 1 1,821,323 1,085,762 21 2 <\4 18 13 21 4 22 28 36 24 14 16 22 8 12 36 21 2 11 14 18 12 7 8 11 4 6 18 679,643 1,529,459 363,651 11 2 2 161, 025 96S,mi 7 8 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 i01,SiO 1,179,669 1, 263, 589 11 4 7 20 1, 221, 791 93,597 437, 172 2 1 437,891 (') «7 24 28 8 5 7 12 14 4 631,947 283,733 7 12 447, 489 14 5 794, Sn "'""'"3" 1, 256, 141 1 544,902 14 26 20 10 26 13 10 6 13 958, 402 12 667, 860 6 13 763,973 6B.4 6.0 2.0 10.0 26.6 4.8 117.0 31.0 ««.0 17.7 22.1 21.1 41.0 SO.O 20.4 38.0 17.0 S.O 60.0 28.7 12.4 7.0 15.0 31.0 42.0 14.0 40.4 1,160,012 135,000 67,600 68,600 585,625 121, 102 2,717,440 721,600 429,000 359,015 424,277 371,360 972,000 888,000 417,800 1,110,400 269,280 43,789 880,000 336, 747 290,000 123,904 220,000 440,480 740,000 246,600 753,972 828,680 135,000 648,665 121, 102 (') 721,500 429,000 359,015 540,000 300,000 241,200 1,110,400 43, 789 336, 747 440,480 246,600 753,972 2,634,400 264,663 242,880 880,000 Z90,000 123,904 740,000 1 Exclusive of roadways in parks. " Not reported. > Car sprinkling is only for the width of the street railway tracks. GENERAL TABLES. 143 WITH WATER BY CITY: 1909— Continued. with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 60. Figures printed in italics are estimates.) LENGTH AND AREA EEGULAKLY SPKINKLED— contmued. SCHEDULE OF SPRINKLING SEASON. Quantity of water used (gallons). EXPENSES or SPRINKLING WITH WATER. Area (square yards)— Continued. Weeks in sprin- kling, season. Frequency of sprinkling. Total. Per 1,000 population. By cart— Continued. By car. Per employee. Per cart. a GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 60,000 IN 1909. 414, 290 67,500 26,127 60,551 230,400 51,536 23,833 27,617 37,808 30,360 49,091 75,000 34,467 66,620 125, 714 28,062 20, 714 24,781 31, 463 61, 667 41, 100 57,998 414,290 67,500 26, 127 60,551 230,400 51,536 23,833 29,918 37,808 30,360 49,091 75,000 40, 200 61,689 8,758 126,714 28,062 20, 714 30,976 33,883 74,000 41, 100 57, 998 33i,4S2 57,600 '68,800 3 36,960 183,040 159,624 128,480 432,000 '88,000 176,600 269,280 220,000 34 34 36 24 15 30 <22 26 31 50 24 32 34 62 34 32 35 32 30 38 33 27 25 Part 1 to 3 times daily, other once in 2 days.. Part 3 times a week, other 1 to 2 times a day Twice a day Once a day 3 times a day 3 to 4 times daily 1 to 2 times daily Twice a day 3 times a day 2 to 4 times a day (") 3 to 5 times a day 1 to 2 times daily No schedule Twice daily (») Once a day (=) 2 to 4 times daily 3 times daily No schedule 1 to 2 times a day 3 times daily Twice daily 2 to 4 times daily 2 to 3 times daily Twice daily S,S3J,,000 6,840,000 P) 30,000,000 $10,633 $238.35 109 112 113 114 115 9,100,000 67,200,000 43,667,300 P) 30,000,000 1,386 13,377 11,274 10, .595 34,249 31.16 308.72 260.49 261.93 796.49 116 122 123 124 125 m 14,810,000 m 6,660,000 6,348 9,488 9,851 3,383 4,024 148.91 223.14 231.79 82.71 103.02 126 127 J128 131 134 (?) 19,318,780 18, 178 6,000 470.08 166.27 135 136 138 139 16,416,000 16,000,000 6,999 10,437 2,317 4,197 220.74 282.23 92.09 124.61 141 142 148 151 7,611 8,401 6,173 4,410 232.68 267.64 197.23 146. 12 152 153 154 156 * The contract and car sprinkling continues from May 15 to Oct. 15 (22 weeks). 1909 was for about 7 weeks. * Employees and horses reported with those of another department. If needed hefore or after that season, the same area is sprinkled hy the city, which in 144 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 18 — DUST PREVENTION— USE OF DUST PREVENTIVES OTHER THAN WATER: 1909. [Only cities reporting dust preventives used in 1909 are shown in this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 62. Figures printed in itaUcs are estimates.] aTY AND DUST PEEVENTIVE USED. Area (square yards) of streets with oil or water boundsurfaoe. AEEA (3QUABE YAEDS) Or BOADWAY TBEATED. COST or TSEATMENT.l Total quantity (gallons) of dust preventive used. Cost per gallon of dust pre- ventive used. Length of time (weeks) each tion was effective. Number of appli- cations during year. Year in which dust a Total. In parks. Total. Per 1,000 square yards of surface treated. pre- vent- ive was first used. Grand total 74,231,230 18,202,234 3,616,096 $332,796 s$18.42 Group I 29,820,288 27,791,695 10,279,217 6,340,030 10,969,869 3,227,877 2,425,827 1, 678, 661 2,821,561 707,186 87,360 216,818 67,813 35,076 24,089 2 20.02 2 18.03 2 14.66 2 14. 10 Group III Group IV GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OE OVEE IN 1909. 1 New York N Y 11,733,704 1,599,853 174,625 $45,424 $28.39 719,288 Tar-bound oil 565,111 330,927 220,952 208, 223 105,725 56,700 52,625 35, 200 30,000 2,790 1,600 382,000 9,676 6,088 9,135 7,971 4,532 f 3 1,900 J 3,994 1 500 I 1,500 66 72 13,488 17.43 18.39 41.34 38.28 42.87 33.51 75.90 14.20 50.00 20.07 45.00 35.31 154,730 149, 294 201,063 36,000 79,151 20,000 53,800 10,000 15.000 500 760 264,480 $0,055 0.035 0.033 0.078 0.056 0.095 0.070 0.035 0.075 0.100 0.067 8 8 8 16 16 52 2 12 4 8 16 1 1 2 1 1 1 8 2 3 1 1 1908 1908 Residuum oil 1907 Tarvia 1908 1908 Heavy road oil 174, 525 1907 ^ 1907 1907 F,TTml<;ifyiTig pnmpniTnrl 1907 1908 Glutrin 1908 4 St Louis Mo 6,844,327 38,500 Medium gravity oil 229,200 152,800 5,903,347 1 38,500 778,600 f 9,668 [ 3,820 114,899 42.18 25.00 19.46 2^3,360 61, 120 1,627,067 1 0.025 2 1 1907 1907 5 6,827,874 5,494,836 408,511 262,350 ■ 778,600 98,559 16,340 4,542 17.94 40.00 17.31 1,527,067 (') 45,810 0.039 0.050 1-3 3 8 8 1908 1908 645,075 237,094 13,611 8,700 2,945 254,969 2,983 817 439 303 4,091 12.68 60.03 60.46 103.06 16.05 40,000 1,460 39,557 0.073 (') 0.040 0.070 ^'^26 17 52 14 1 1 1 1907 Asphaltiue 1907 1907 1907 7 27,989 254,969 Oil emulsion 160,000 94, 969 26,400 160, 000 94,969 2,240 1,851 2,216 14.00 19.49 83.94 14,200 26,367 60,000 0.140 0.055 4 52 6 1 1908 1908 167,200 26,400 599,116 8 2,216 6,450 83.94 10.77 60,000 65,000 0.037 4 5 1909 9 Detroit Mich 385,964 300,000 599,116 1.400,910 300,000 941,053 6,450 8,447 10.77 6.03 65,000 135,882 0.051 2-5 4 1906 Buffalo, N. Y 297,937 Standard road oil ... 560,380 400,465 365,479 29,643 44,953 187,733 469,872 277,915 193,266 2,825 2,204 2,473 284 661 W 5.04 5.50 6.77 9.58 14.71 46.676 36,209 40,548 4.460 8,000 16,000 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 13 13 13 13 52 3 2 1 4 1 1906 1906 Standard road oil 1906 1906 Tarvia B 1906 1,093,144 187,733 187,733 32,837 187,733 (') 3.784 16,000 61,777 0.024 52 1 1900 14 406,941 115.23 Standard road oil 32,837 320,354 3,784 12,477 115.23 38.95 61,777 140,912 0.040 12-16 f 2 \ 4 I 2 1906 1906 Pennsylvania and Delaware road oil Washington, D. C 146,181 1906 in 2,391,133 Asphaltic oil 137,643 48,391 43,760 39,800 24,776 16,160 7,700 2,144 146,181 f 6,194 1,911 1,071 846 1,741 540 5 88 86 45.00 39.49 24.48 21.26 70.26 33.44 11.43 40.19 68,8»i 32,205 7,600 8,400 16,326 5,810 550 1,200 0) 0.040 0.126 0.042 0.065 0.065 0.160 (') 41 41 5 8 41 «3 1 1 1-6 9 1 1 5 1 1908 Roadbed No. 2 1908 Tarvia B 1908 1908 Asphalt 1903 1 Exclusive of driveways in parks. 2 Only those cities reporting both area treated and cost are included in this computation. ' Cost of oil only. ' Not reported. !» In use for only a short time. GENERAL TABLES. 145 Table 18.— DUST PREVENTION— USE OF DUST PREVENTIVES OTHER THAN WATER: 1909— Continued. [Only cities reporting dust preventives used in 1909 are shown in this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 62. Figures printed in ItaUcs are estimates.] aTYANn DTJST PREVENTIVE USED. Area (square yards) of streets with oil or water boundsurfaoe. ABEA (SQUABE YAED3) OF ROADWAY TREATED. COST Of TREATMENT." Total quantity (gallons) of dust preventive used. Cost per gallon of dust pre- ventive used. Length of time (weeks) each appUca- tionwas elective. Number of appli- cations during year. Year to which dust 1 1 Total. In parks. Total. Per 1,000 square yards of surface treated. pre- vent- ive was first used. GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OP 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Mhineapolis, Minn 259,001 207,179 207,179 $6,865 $33.14 111,892 Standard road oil 207,179 1,051,000 207,179 7,875 6,865 20,200 33.14 19.22 111,892 840,000 $0,036 52 1 1908 18 Los Angeles, Cal 11,019,823 Eesiduum asphalt 1,051,000 672,188 7,875 175,919 20,200 8,328 19.22 12.39 840,000 191,329 0.025 29 1 1909 20 Kansas City, Mo 959,708 Eesiduum oil 672,188 80,749 175,919 31,000 8,328 1,086 12.39 13.45 , 191,329 16,488 0.020 17 2 21 Indianapolis, Ind 1,489,483 Asphalt road oil 80,749 110,000 31,000 110,000 1,086 6,600 13.45 60.00 16,488 125,000 0.042 (») 1 22 Louisville, Ky l,eg8,0Sl Asphaltoilene 110,000 18,634 110,000 11,645 6,600 539 60.00 28.93 125,000 3,520 0.050 12-16 1 1908 m Boohester, N. Y 583,763 Headley'sNo. 1 11,645 6,989 431,916 11,645 247 292 5,623 21.22 41.77 13.02 1,760 1,760 111,289 0.140 0.140 8 4 2 4 1909 26 St. Paul, Minn 1,039,902 115,497 431,916 505,140 115,497 5,623 5,335 13.02 10.66 111,289 244,000 0.046 IS 1 28 Portland, Oreg 2,853,052 505, 140 5,335 m 10.56 244,000 16,000 0.019 15 1 1908 31 Worcester, Mass 2,977,046 Asphaltic oil 20,633 m (.') 16,000 0.080 1 1909 3? Atlanta, Ga 1,088,267 Coal-tar oil 20,533 8,000 0) 640 4,000 (.') 13 1 1909 36 Paterson, N. J 1,462,334 80.00 Standard road oil 8,000 40,000 640 510 80.00 12.75 4,000 12,500 0.038 13 1 1909 37 63,454 40,000 40,000 18,700 40,000 510 711 12.75 38.02 12,500 9,084 0.040 13 2 38 Fall River, Mass i,gss,soo 18,700 55,768 711 1,146 38.02 20.55 9,084 9,164 0.035 2-8 1 1908 45 Cambridge, Mass 1,220,526 Terracolis 42,500 13,268 8,070 >379 767 230 8.92 57,80 28.50 2,630 6,634 8,000 0.150 0.055 2 17 2 2 1907 46 19,105 8,070 8,070 8,070 »230 28.50 8,000 0.029 52 1 1 Exclusive of driveways to parlies. 92775°— 13 10 ' Not reported. » Cost of oil only. 146 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 18 — DUST PREVENTION— USE OF DUST PREVENTIVES OTHER THAN WATER: 1909— Continued. [Only cities reporting dust preventives used in 1909 are shown in this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 62. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] aiY AND DUST PBETENTIVE USED. Area (square yards) of streets with oil or water bound surface. ABEA (SQUARE YARDS) OF ROADWAY TREATED. COST OP TBEATMENT.I Total quantity (gallons) of dust preventive used. Cost per gallon of dust pre- ventive used. Length of time (weeks) each applica- tion was effective. Number of appli- cations during year. Year in which dust a Total. In parks. Total. Per 1,000 square yards of surface treated. pre- vent- ive was first used. GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 'i4 New Bedford Mass 940,443 1,398,518 $13,516 $9.66 182,492 Dustoline ... 1,166,544 215,342 16,632 67,350 11,572 1,652 292 169 9.92 7.67 17.56 2.51 145,381 30,686 6,425 8,046 $0,075 0.060 0.040 (*) v^) (2) 3 3 1 1908 1908 Heavy asphaltic oil 1908 tn Dallas Tex 837,258 Crude petroleum 67,350 117,333 3 169 3,285 2.51 28.00 8,046 60,739 0.020 4 2 1907 t^H 392,839 * 117,333 123,200 3,285 3,111 28.00 25.25 60,739 10,561 0.040 2 26 1909 60 2,625,708 123,200 44,001 ( 1,794 » 1,053 3 264 570 ^71260 3,301 12,000 ^;^46 0.080 3 2 2 10 14 21 1909 Oil emulsion. . J 1909 1,292,000 r;;:::::.;::; 1909 6*1 Vnntflr*! N Y 12.95 44,001 88,883 570 5,761 12.95 64.85 12,000 93,174 0.035 17 2 1909 70 882,933 70,000 7,728 5,565 4,800 800 (=) 31,710 70,400 f 3 3^760 3 1,270 3 248' 3 270 3 59 164 1,003 53.57 164.29 44.60 66.25 73.76 75,000 9,075 2,760 3,000 785 2,554 34,602 0.050 0.140 0.090 0.090 0.075 52 3 3 3 3 3 1 8 1 1 1 1 1906 1906 1906 1906 1906 1906 71 33,183 31.63 14,760 16,950 205,500 664 339 1,683 44 99 20.00 8.19 22,140 12,462 34,724 0.020 0.020 17 17 2 1 1909 16,950 1909 7-1 Elizabeth, N. J Road oil 278,805 205,500 7,492 1,683 47 34,724 192 0.045 9 1 1908 Ti 34,949 6.28 Glutrin 7,492 63,360 8 47 2,014 6.28 3,179 192 28,927 0.240 8 2 1908 77 Manchester. N. H 483,120 17,600 16,840 15,840 14,080 (') 8 458 '256 '825 «475 m 26.02 16.16 52.08 3,374 10,167 3,200 6,000 10,560 (') 0.045 0.080 0.165 0.045 17-21 1-2 1-2 17-21 1 8 8 1 1907 Asfaltoil C 1907 Terracolio 1907 Asfaltoil B 1907 89 190,042 Standard road oil 8 34,030 8 (.') h S S 1 1 1909 1909 13 618,640 Water-gas tar 34,030 144,320 2,877 52,174 («) 26 1 1909 14 Brockton, Mass 282,065 19.93 144,320 100,130 2,877 1,040 19.93 10.39 52,174 0.050 3 10 05 1,387,232 Dustoline .- - 35,185 34,855 30,090 628 142 270 17.85 4.07 8.97 8,000 760 12,000 0.075 0.060 C=) 8 1 1 3 1909 1909 Texas 8 1909 1 Exclusive of driveways in parks. ' Not reported. • Cost of oil only. * 276,000 pounds at 6i cents per pound. GENERAL TABLES. 147 Table 18 — DUST PREVENTION— USE OP DUST PREVENTIVES OTHER THAN WATER: 1909— Continued. [Only cities reporting dust preventives used in 1909 are shown in this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table see page 62. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] CITY AND DUST PBEVENTITE USED. Area (square yards) of streets with oil or water bound surface. AEEA (SQUARE YABDS) OP KOADWAY TREATED. Total. In parks. COST OF TREATMENT.' Total. Per 1,000 square yards of surface treated. Total quantity (gallons) of dust preventive used. Cost per gallon of dust pre- ventive Length of time Number (weeks) of appli- each cations applica- during tion was year. effective. Year in which dust pre- vent- ive was fb-st used. GEOUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 Saginaw, Mich 371,824 39,402 $1,618 'S41.07 12,925 Gas tar 22,452 16,950 m 1,453 165 668 64.72 9.73 ( 1,125 \ 600 1 5,300 6,000 $0,050 0.065 0.075 0.029 1 1 1 1 1907 Liquid asphalt 1907 Tarvia 1907 Road oil 1907 124 Haverhill, Mass 230,905 Dustoline m (^) (a) (3) 1,400,000 i 668 18,052 6.050 11 f 1 1 1 1 "i^ Standard oil emulsion Tarvia B 12.89 233,930 13,1 Newton, Mass 2,813,654 Headley*s dust preventive, No. 1.. Spraxs' road binder 1,186,955 92,500 70,000 40,000 10,545 3,500 18,052 126 f 61,000 27,600 7,670 11,882 74,000 37,128 6,650 8,000 1,000 0.125 0.100 0.050 0.080 0.050 T).073 0.072 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 (<) 15-16 15-16 (<) 5 5 5 2 1 2 2 1 1906 1906 Standard emulsifying road oil 1906 1906 35.71 1906 Dustoline... 1906 1906 IRt Woonsocket, R. I 591,125 Tarvia B 3,500 125 1,164 35.71 1,000 5,850 0.060 34 1 1907 141 147,448 12,689 1,164 395 5,850 6,500 0.150 2 3 1909 145 Knoxville, Tenn .... 1,015,889 31.13 12,689 72,000 395 840 31.13 11.67 6,500 12,000 0.053 17 1 1909 14n Auburn, N. Y . 624,213 Dustoline 72,000 51,070 '840 1,227 11.67 24.03 12,000 7,470 0.070 16-24 1 1909 IM 544,972 51,070 1,227 24.03 7,470 0.140 2-5 8 1909 > Exclusive of driveways in parks. > Apphed in 1908 and still serviceable. ' Not reported. * Considered permanent. ' Cost of oil only. 148 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 19.— HIGHWAYS— MILEAGE AND PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE LENGTH OF STREETS ' AND ALLEYS, CLASSIFIED AS WITH DURABLE AND NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS AND AS UNPAVED: 1909. [For a list of the cities arranged alpliabetically by states, with the number assimed to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 64. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] Total length of streets and alleys (miles) Grand total Group I Group 11 Group III Group IV 3 53,313.4 19,558.1 14,877.5 11,221.2 3 7,656.6 Total length of streets (miles). 3 45,984.1 16,696.2 1'2,700.5 9,850.4 2 6,737.0 STREETS WITH DURABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (miles). Per cent of total street mile- 11,820.1 6,881.7 2, 296. 4 1,809.4 832.6 25.7 41.2 17.5 17.2 12.8 STREETS WITH NONDDKABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (miles). Per cent of total street mile- age. 9,073.1 3,273.9 2,723.0 1,729.8 1,346.4 19.7 19.6 21.4 17.7 19.6 STREETS UNPAVED. Length (miles). Per cent of total street mile- age. 25,071.5 6,540.6 7, 681. 1 6,311.2 4,638.6 54.6 39.2 61.1 65.0 67.5 Total length of alleys (miles). 7,329.3 2,861.9 2,177.0 1,370.8 919.6 ALLEYS WITH DURABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (miles). Per cent of total alley mile- age. 741.3 470.3 181.1 50.3 39.6 9.9 16.4 8.3 3.2 3.1 ALLEYS WITH NONDUBABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (miles). 209.8 71.8 77.8 44.9 15.3 Per cent of total alley mile- age. 2.7 2.5 3.6 3.3 0.2 ALLEYS UNPAVED. Length (miles). Per cent of total alley mile- age. 6,378.2 2,319.8 1,918.1 1,275.6 864.7 87.4 81.1 88.1 93.5 96.7 GEOUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. I New York N Y 3,477.6 4,315.6 3 1,836.4 1,260.1 518.7 651.2 683.7 1,032.9 1,138.6 668.8 805.0 762.9 1,020.2 288.4 3 774. 4 3 453.6 3,447.6 2,880.7 1,836.4 907.9 513.9 436.0 683.7 5 1,032.9 681.6 66L1 800.0 5 762.9 538.2 286.3 774.4 453.6 1,269.8 966.5 1,070.4 294.1 132.9 356.6 383.9 498.3 370.9 345.6 268.0 262.9 80.5 171.3 203.5 206.5 36.8 33.6 58.3 32.4 25.9 82.0 56.2 48.2 54.4 52.3 33.5 34.5 15.0 59.8 26.3 45.5 843.1 576.3 295.0 276.7 376.9 52.2 1.5 10.6 16.8 13.8 46.0 234.0 273.5 29.8 70.9 156.8 24.5 20.0 16.1 30.5 73.3 12.0 0.2 1.0 2.5 2.1 5.8 30.7 50.8 10.4 9.2 34.6 1,334.7 1,337.9 471.0 337.1 4.1 26.2 298.3 524.0 293.9 301.7 486.0 266.0 184.2 85.2 500.0 90.3 38.7 46.4 25.6 37.1 0.8 6.0 43.6 50.7 43.1 45.6 60.8 34.9 34.2 29.7 64.6 19.9 o 1,434.9 352.2 4.8 116.2 60.2 1%9 4.8 110.5 4.2 "49.1' 100.0 95.1 7L7 4.9 1,303.0 (0 179.3 90.8 ^ Philadeipliia, Pa 50.9 5 Boston Mass Q Baltimore Md 5.7 4.9 7 Cleveland, Ohio P) 457.0 7.7 6.0 (=) 48S.0 2.1 (') (') 22.6 3.4 2.9 4.9 44.2 58.0 434.4 4.3 2.1 95.1 Buffalo, N. Y 55.8 XI 42.0 12 13 Milwaukee. Wis. 92.0 1.0 (') (') 19.0 47.6 390.0 1.0 (') (<) 81.0 11 Newark, N.J 0.1 (') 4.8 47.6 15 New Orleans, La 16 WashinEton. D. C GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 928.9 1,069.3 208.5 616. 4 476.5 '463.2 1,516.8 257.1 341.5 1,055.6 1,629.2 3 839.0 487.1 571.9 211.2 3 237.0 261.9 193.9 153.0 6 167.0 719.4 144.4 367. 162.9 277.0 3299.2 460.1 206.6 102.3 564.6 599.1 1,043.5 6 208.5 452.8 5 476.5 6 286.2 5 1,516.8 5 257.1 340.1 792.1 1,222.0 839.0 6 487. 1 390.5 211.2 237.0 260.0 6 193.9 6 163.0 166.7 539.4 lU-i 263.9 116.4 276.0 299.2 322.2 203.7 102.3 309.9 120.7 59.8 108.7 236.3 166.4 122.4 181.3 46.0 144.4 51.2 24.7 73.2 181.7 167.6 23.8 62.9 68.1 16.6 34.0 23.7 113.4 15.6 57.0 44.0 13.1 32.4 16.0 21.8 17.6 52.0 20.1 5.7 52.1 52.2 34.9 "ixo" 17.9 42.5 6.4 2.0 8.7 37.3 42.9 11.3 26.5 26.2 8.6 22.2 14.2 21.0 10.8 22.5 37.8 4.7 10.8 5.0 10.7 17.2 16.7 16.3 469.1 23.5 39.5 119.6 72.4 1.4 300.6 43.0 69.6 103.7 187.8 8.1 14.3 187.4 53.0 0.6 66.3 2.7 45.0 11.3 8.7 25.1 "o.'i' 78.0 12.6 7.5 8.5 22.4 1.7 3.7 88.7 22.4 0.2 34.2 462.1 514.6 76.3 177.0 190.5 «91.4 1,334.1 10.5 152.7 681.3 1,093.6 578.0 297.3 208.6 77.1 49.3 36.6 39.1 40.0 "ss.o' 4.1 44.9 86.0 89.6 68.9 61.0 53.4 329.8 25.8 (5) 62.6 P) 167. <4 263.5 407.2 I. 4.5 2.8 1.4 10.9 325.3 23.0 98.6 89.1 ""O 22.4 35.8 0.2 0.3 40.0 63.9 21 ■>? 62.3 37.3 18.9 11.3 86.8 51.4 **? Seattle Wash •>5 Rochester. N. Y . . 1.4 3.5 13.0 100.0 1.3 3.2 '>6 St. Paul, Minn 0.1 4.2 1.0 259.9 390.0 98.5 07 Denver, Colo 95.8 ■ft •x) ^0 Toledo, Ohio 2.8 L5 178.6 98.5 ?1 Worcester Mass s? 121.1 191.3 111.0 119.0 73. S 421.5 48.5 103.0 51.1 73.5 57.2 77.8 44.2 78.1 33.6 40.5 1.9 «0.3 180.0 ^'0^.2 "io.'s' (') "\.7 ^3 Syracuse, N. Y 89.5 M 36 Faterson N. J 69.2 4.5 80.3 93.9 72.4 216.2 155.3 163.6 115.8 84.7 0.9 41.5 0.8 55.6 37.0 62.2 78.3 51.9 50.8 56.8 82.8 0.3 0.3 .5.0 175.0 17 Omaha, Nebr 2.8 97.2 38 Fall River, Mass 3<» 113.1 46.5 1.0 W 137.9 2.9 3.1 16.5 2.7 35.5 110.0 . 30.0 LO (<) 83.1 2.7 97.3 40 64.5 11 Oakland, Cal 46.7 111.5 142.6 66.1 16.9 37.3 44.3 32.4 100 42 41 Gand Rapids, Mich '*0^ 0.2 " o.'s' 6.9 (') 54.4 '39.'4' 44 93.1 Vt Cambridge, Mass 46 Dayton, Ohio 257.0 82.9 254.7 42.7 16.8 212.0 83 2 ' Exclusive of roadways in parks. ' Length (miles) of paved streets in Montgomery, Ala., reported in the totals but not in the subdivisions. 3 Streets only. * Not reported. 6 Alleys included with streets. • Incomplete. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. GENERAL TABLES. 149 Table 19.— HIGHWAYS— MILEAGE AND PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE LENGTH OP STREETS • AND ALLEYS, CLAbblFIED AS WITH DURABLE AND NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS AND AS UNPAVED: 1909 -Continued. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabeticaUy by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 64. Figures printed in Italics are estimates.) Total length of streets and alleys (miles). Total length of streets (miles). STREETS WITH DURABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (miles). Per cent of total street mile- STREETS WITH NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS. I.iength (miles). Per cent of total street mile- age. STREETS UNPAVED. Length (miles). Per cent of total street mile- Total length of alleys (miles). ALLEYS WITH DURABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (mUes). Per cent of total alley mile- age. ALLEYS WITH NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS. Length (miles). Per cent of total alley mile- age. ALLEYS UNPAVED. Length (miles). Per cent of total alley mile- age. GROUP III. —CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany.N.Y Bridgeport, Coim 134.3 186.7 920.6 138! 123.4 692.9 156.5 220. B2B.1 376.1 3 26.9 93.3 172.5 694.4 115.4 285.7 '100.0 122.2 201.4 5 160.0 4SS.2 185.1 101.0 gra.B 5 124.0 3 146. 1 98.5 3 49.9 31.3 196.6 <■ 119.9 3 184.S 3 176.7 124.0 456.4 343.9 110.1 5 130.0 225.2 5 101.7 '247.9 68.5 ^147.8 256.0 '48.2 110,0 113.5 119.7 5 135.0 47B.S 47.8 89.4 156.6 3 60.8 68.4 5 103.9 5«.3 143.3 133.9 186.7 920.2 114.6 2 138.0 2 123.4 672.9 156.6 220.0 326.1 374.9 325.9 93.3 172.5 437.0 114.4 191.1 '100.0 122.2 = 201.4 150.0 232.0 180.1 101.0 228.0 124.0 3 2 146. 1 98.5 3 49.9 31.3 196.6 119.9 182.8 175.7 116.9 356.9 3 27.9 110.1 130.0 154.6 101.7 147.8 170.7 '48.2 99.1 113.5 70.8 135.0 300.2 47.8 70.0 2 156.6 3 2 60.8 ^68.4 103.9 63.3 143.3 83.5 8.0 12.1 9.6 27.2 28.6 10.9 22.8 66.0 20.3 20.6 7.6 43.2 10.9 71.3 7.4 47.6 49.6 10.5 49.6 45.1 26.4 23.6 8.3 65.1 65.8 9.1 31.2 47.9 21.4 6.2 39.7 18.2 49.2 46.0 6.9 27.8 41.1 40.5 57.8 41.7 44.6 25.2 34.3 24.1 46.2 11.2 11.8 23.0 35.3 78.4 9.3 17.2 49.5 3.3 28.2 18.9 14.5 9.2 62.4 4.3 1.3 8.4 19.7 23.1 1.9 14.6 30.0 6.2 5.5 "46.'3" 6.3 16.3 6.5 24.9 ■■'s.'e' 24.6 30.0 11.4 13.1 8.2 28.6 53.1 "ii.Y "68." i' 3.2 33.1 10.0 28.0 .39.3 1.9 ' '37.'3" 31.2 37.4 41.0 18.2 36.8 23.2 14.1 "ii.'s' 10.4 32.5 26.1 26.1 19.5 24.6 31.6 41.2 18.2 22.9 6.4 6.4 72.7 1.1 9B.0 51.8 10.9 164.2 75.0 4.0 47.3 3.3 18.3 19.7 146.6 0.7 26.0 28.2 3.0 88.1 0.3 0.9 87.2 51.7 72.1 1.9 0.9 7.0 19.1 2.0 0.7 SO. 6 8.2 65.0 6.8 13.4 75.0 0.1 4.8 39.0 0.1 82.9 37.5 8.8 26.9 47.9 1.8 14.5 0.9 '"■A'.i 85.0 0.2 22.7 14.8 "'72.'i' 0.1 0.6 37.6 28.7 71.4 0.8 0.7 "ii'.i ""'i.'-i 15.5 6.8 35.6 3.9 11.5 21.0 44.0 106.0 907.0 10.0 59.0 84.0 407.8 58.7 160.0 267.6 351.0 ^4 15.0 365.0 81.0 115.3 '47.4 23.6 151.5 104.0 118.4 104.8 20.6 161.0 S7.3 '130.0 48.2 (*) 9.2 159.8 72.0 99.6 119.7 57.5 275.0 W 69.0 85.0 95.8 60.0 200.0 31.1 28.4 88.6 52.7 81.2 47.8 76.7 221.0 27.5 14.0 104.8 3 26.0 39.6 81.0 40.0 49.7 32.9 56.8 98.6 8.7 42.8 68.1 71.2 37.5 68.2 79.2 93.6 0.4 0.4 100.0 49 Spokane, Wash 0.4 0.4 100.0 50 Efartford, Conn "■ 51 Beading, Pa m 120.0 52 Trenton,N. J 53 San Antonio, Tex ' 120.0 100 M New Bedford, Mass Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex 55 56 200.0 1.2 200.0 100 57 Salt Lake City, Utah Lynn, Mass 1.2 100.0 58 59 Wilmington, Del 32.6 8.7 83.5 70.8 60.3 "ig.'s" 7.5.2 69.3 51.0 58.2 20.4 70.6 46.2 "48.'9' "29.'4" 81.3 60.1 54.5 68.1 49.2 77.1 "'62.' 7" 6.5.4 62.0 49.2 81.8 4.5.4 19.2 61.9 60 Springfield, Mass 61 DesMoipes, Iowa 167.4 1.0 94.6 (0 7.4 0.2 5.2 (') 4.7 20.0 5.5 160.0 0.8 89.4 (<) 95.3 80.0 94.5 62 Lawrence, Mass 63 St. Joseph, Mo 64 Troy, N^Y (0 65 Yonkers,N.Y 66 Tacoma, Wash (2) W 201.2 5.0 ' 67 1 2 ""o.'e" (<) SOO.O 5.0 68 Duluth, Minn ""99.'i 100 69 Houston, Tex 70 Somerville, Mass 71 Kansas City, Kans SO. 6 (2) 2.5 49.5 48.0 7? Utica,N. Y (0 73 Waterbury, Conn 74 Elizabeth, N. J 75 76 Schenectady, N. Y Hoboken, N. J w (<) m n ....... 77 Manchester, N. H 7S (<) 32.0 31.0 7.1 99.5 16.0 2.0 1.0 3.1 w (*) 4.0 99.5 15.0 79 Birmingham, Ala SO Akron, Ohio 81 Norfolk, Va 43.7 56.3 100.8 81? Fort Worth, Tex 83 Wilkes-Barre, Pa 1.0 6.2 84 Erie, Pa 85 Savannah, Ga 4.5 1.0 10.0 3.5 0.6 9.8 (<) 70.6 (') 33.3 85.3 (0 3.2 (<) 3.3 "4.' 5" 44.9 ' '63.' 6' (') 22.6 86 Peoria, HI 31.9 87 SS Fort Wayne, Ind 89 Charleston, S. C 12.2 86.1 58.0 3.0 35.2 20.5 17.8 .W.6 34.0 35.' 5' 18.1 <»(l 1.5 "i^s' (<) %.s 91 Terre Haute, Ind 98.2 9? East St. Louis, 111 93 Holyoke, Mass 53.2 71.5 67.5 56.8 73.6 57.5 20.0 66.9 67.9 78.0 63.2 34.7 10.9 1.3 11.9 9.6 88.1 94 Brockton, Mass 95 Johnstown, Pa 48.9 (') 176. 1 4.0 (') 2.1 8.2 1.2 44.9 (<) 173.0 91 8 96 Jacksonville, Fla 23.0 0.8 11.0 38.8 2.3 31.5 0.6 4.0 8.8 84.4 17.0 0.3 23.0 55.4 1.5 0.9 3.8 13.9 58.9 (<) 97 Oklahoma City, Okla Bayonne, N. J 98 8 98 99 Covington, Ky 19.4 (2) (2) 9.3 47.9 10.1 52.1 ino South Bond, Ind 101 Passaic, N.J 102 Altoona, Pa 101 Mobile, Ala <•'} (.') [. Miles. Percent of total. Square yards. Percent of total. Miles. Percent of total. Square yards. Percent of total. width (feet). GROUP IIL— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 87 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 Albany,N.Y Bridgeport, Conn. , Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa Trenton, N.J San Antonio, Tex. . . New Bedford, Mass., Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex Salt Lake City, Utah. Lynn,_Mass Wilmington, Del Springfleld, Mass Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo Troy,N:Y Yonkers, N. Y Tacoma, Wash Youngstown, Ohio. Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somervjlle, Mass . . . Kansas City, Kans. Utica,N.Y Waterbury, Conn. . . Elizabeth, N.J Schenectady, N. Y. Hobokea, N.J Manchester, N. H. Evansville, Ind Birmingham, Ala.. Akron, Ohio Norfolk, Va Fort Worth, Tex. , Wilkes-Barre, Fa. . Erie, Pa , Savannah, Ga Peoria, 111 Harrisburg, Pa. . . Fort Wayne, Ind. Charleston, B.C.. Portend, Me TeiTe Haute, Ind. East St. Louis, HI. Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Johnstown, Pa Jacksonville, Fla. . Oklahoma City, Okla.. Bayonne, N. J. Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Passaic, N. J Altoona, Fa , Mobile, Ala , AUentown, Pa Pawtucket, R. I. . 89.9 80.7 13.2 loi.e 279.0 239.4 m.i 97.8 70.0 67.6 23.9 25.9 62.9 167.5 72.0 33.4 75.8 52.6 98.6 249.9 46.0 113.6 75.3 80.4 67.0 66.7 2 is. J 60.3 49.9 22.1 S6.7 47.9 83.2 66.0 69.4 81.9 27.9 41.1 45.0 68.8 51.7 44.6 237.4 119. i 82.1 iS.2 46.4 32.3 23.0 68.3 79.2 20.3 66.0 2 61.8 234.8 22.9 23.3 93.6 1,581,708 1, US, ess 417,838 l,90i,g70 2 2,073,461 2 710,264 S, 338,210 1,256,447 1,046,349 1,310,399 840,692 576,077 1,004,050 2,843,113 1,445,915 633,963 1,405,586 887,159 1,499,148 2 1,140,608 827,212 2,800,873 1,266,240 1,050,926 1,406,407 1, 194, 175 ^S16,0SS 947,678 895,923 404,885 1,039,330 1,962,731 1,002,316 1,021,570 1,478,103 449,816 896, 455 868,006 1,159,037 949,997 847,640 2 602,384 2,262,000 1,766,316 1,017,350 835,812 487,923 410,080 1,129,099 1,643,345 526,520 926,768 2 1,125,684 2553,730 2 427,620 iii,m 450,957 1,544,247 30.0 30.6 54.0 30.9 44.7 30.6 34.6 21.9 25.5 33.0 60.0 37.8 29.7 30.9 34.2 32.4 31.5 28.8 25.8 39.0 30.6 42.0 28.8 22.2 35.7 30.6 33.6 32.1 30.6 3L2 28.8 36.9 40.2 31.2 29.4 30.9 27.6 37.2 33.0 33.6 31.2 32.4 27.6 32.1 36.6 36.0 30.6 25.8 30.3 33.0 36.4 44.1 28.2 36.9 27.0 25.2 30.6 33.0 28.2 83.6 8.0 12.1 9.6 27.2 28.5 10.9 22.8 66.0 20.3 20.6 7.6 43.2 10.9 71.3 7.4 47.6 49.6 10.5 49.6 45.1 26.4 23.6 8.3 65.1 66.8 9.1 31.2 47.9 21.4 6.2 39.7 18.2 49.2 46.0 6.9 27.8 41.1 40.5 67.8 41.7 4*. 6 25.2 34.3 24.1 J,S.2 11.2 11.8 23.0 35.3 78.4 9.3 17.2 49.5 3.3 28.2 18.9 14.6 9.2 92.9 9.9 91.7 9.2 34.4 72.4 6.6 23.3 94.3 30.0 86.2 29.3 68.7 6.9 99.0 22.2 62.8 94.3 10.6 99.4 98.0 23.2 31.3 10.3 97.2 »S. 7 66.6 62.0 96.0 96.8 16.9 82.9 21.9 87.9 77.4 8.4 99.6 100.0 90.0 98.3 80.7 100.0 67.4 28.7 29.4 93.8 24.1 36.5 100.0 60.5 99.0 46.8 30.7 95.6 9.5 97.9 82.5 62.2 9.8 1,468,469 169, 118 379,311 232,270 555,633 665,631 203,730 316,004 984,460 473, 141 765,526 183,238 806,455 217,405 1,434,472 172,252 911,918 833,616 207, 148 1,134,336 811,985 649,333 654,961 167,992 1,373,224 1,184,579 193,205 668,773 860,974 392,621 137,412 872, 197 608,334 895,229 839,028 158, 103 448,833 896,455 779, 167 1,141,773 763,997 847,640 412,342 606,438 605,350 953,990 217, 172 205,868 410,080 724,827 1,631,905 225,807 312, 176 1,069,755 54, 770 417,520 303,940 316,077 157,016 92.8 11.7 90.8 12.2 26.7 78.2 6.1 25.2 94.1 36.1 91.1 31.8 73.7 7.6 99.2 27.2 64.9 94.0 13.8 99.5 9.8 23.2 43.8 16.0 97.6 99.2 61.1 70.6 96.1 97.0 22.1 83.9 25.9 89.3 82.1 10.7 99.8 100.0 80.4 100.0 68.5 26.9 28.6 93.8 26.0 42.2 100.0 64.2 99.3 42.9 33.7 95.0 9.9 97.7 73.8 30.0 36.0 53.4 41.1 34.8 33.0 31.8 23.7 24.0 39.6 63.3 41.1 31.8 33.9 34.2 32:7 28.5 33.6 39.0 30.6 42.0 40.2 34.5 36.0 30.6 36.3 36.6 30.6 31.2 37.8 37.5 47.7 30.9 31.2 39.0 27.6 37.2 32.7 31.2 32.4 27.9 30.0 35.7 36.0 33.0 29.7 30.3 35.1 35.7 41.4 30.9 36.9 28.2 26.2 27.3 36.9 29.1 6.4 72.7 1.1 95.0 51.8 10.9 15i.2 75.0 4.0 47.3 3.3 18.3 19.7 146.6 0.7 26.0 28.2 3.0 88.1 0.3 0.9 87.2 61.7 72.1 1.9 0.9 7.0 19.1 2.0 0.7 SO.B 8.2 65.0 6.8 13.4 75.0 0.1 4.6 1.0 10.0 12.2 85.1 68.0 3.0 36.2 20.5 23.0 0.8 11.0 38.8 2.3 31. S 0.6 4.0 8.8 84.4 7.1 90.1 8.3 90.8 65.6 27.6 93.4 76.7 5.7 70.0 13.8 70.7 31.3 93.1 1.0 77.8 37.2 5.7 89.4 0.6 2.0 76.8 68.7 89.7 2.8 1.3 43.5 38.0 4.0 3.2 83.1 17.1 78.1 12.1 22.6 91.6 0.4 10.0 1.7 19.3 32.6 71.3 70.6 6.2 75.9 63.5 1.0 64.2 69.3 4.4 90.5 2.1 17.5 37.8 90.2 113,239 1,279,5m 38,627 1,672,000 1,517,828 154,633 S, m, 520 940,443 61,889 837,268 75,166 392,839 287,696 2,626,708 11,443 461,711 493,668 63,643 1,292,000 6,172 15,227 2,161,640 711,289 882,933 33,183 9,596 122,850 278, 805 34,949 12,264 483,120- 167, 133 1,454,397 107,087 182,542 1,320,000 88,839 17,264 186,000 190,042 1,645,562 1,260,966 63,360 618,640 282,065 404,272 11,440 300,713 614,592 55,829 498,960 10,000 108,000 135,880 1,387,232 7.2 . 88.3 9.2 87.8 73.3 21.8 93.9 74.8 5.9 63.9 8.9 68.2 26.3 92.4 0.S 72.8 35.1 6.0 86.2 0.6 90.2 76.8 56. 2 84.0 2.4 0.8 38.9 29.4 3.9 3.0 77.9 16.1 74.1 10.7 17.9 0.2 10.2 1.5 19.6 31.5 73.1 71.4 6.2 74.0 57.8 35.8 0.7 57.1 66.3 5.0 90.1 2.3 26.2 30.1 30.3 30.0 59. 7 30.0 49.8 24.3 34.5 21.3 26.4 30.3 38.7 36.6 24.9 30.6 27.9 30.3 29.7 30.3 27.9 35.1 2%8 42.0 23.4 21.0 29.7 18.3 30.0 24.9 29.7 30.0 27.0 34.8 3a. 1 26.7 23.1 30.0 16.5 29.4 31.5 26.7 33.0 37.2 36.0 30.0 23.4 30.0 24.3 16.5 27.0 41.4 27.0 28.5 46.9 26.4 27.6 ' Exclusive of roadways in parks. 2 Includes alleys. GENERAL TABLES. 153 Table20.— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH, AREA, AND AVERAGE WIDTH OF PAVED STREETS,^ CLASSIFIED AS WITH DURABLE AND NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS, WITH PER CENT OF THE TOTAL LENGTH AND AREA IN EACH CLASS: 1909— Con. [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 65. Figures printed in it^cs are estimates.] CITY. ALL PAVEMENTS. DCEABLE PAVEMENTS. NONBUKABLE PAVEMENTS. 1 Length (miles). Area (square yards). Ill Length. Area. Average width (feet). Length. Area. Average a Miles. Per cent of total. Square yards. Per cent of total. Miles. Per cent of total. Square yards. Per cent of total. width (feet). GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 60,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 109 110 HI 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 136 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 162 153 164 155 166 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, 111 Bingliamton, N. Y. . Lancaster, Pa , Sioux City, Iowa Little Rock, Ark..., Springfield, Ohio.... Atlantic City, N. J.. Bay City, Mich Rockford, 111 York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. , Topeka, Zans Sacramento, Cal Maiden, Mass. Haverhill, Mass Pueblo, Colo Salern, Mass New Britain, Conn. Davenport, Iowa McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va... Augusta, Ga Superior, Wis , Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont , Chester, Pa Kalamazoo, Mich Montgomery, Ala Woonsocket, R. I. . . Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass Racine, Wis Ehnira, N. Y Quincy, III Knoxvule, Tenn Newcastle, Pa Macon, Ga Auburn, N. Y West Hoboken, N. J, Joliet, 111 Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshkosh, Wis Chelsea, Mass Joplin, Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 2 65.7 23.9 2 19.1 52.4 17.6 2 49.4 16.5 30.9 78.5 58.0 39.2 60.9 30.5 36.1 35.0 2 62.2 54.7 61.4 24.8 6.6 SS.4 U.8 60.1 31.7 141.9 80.6 3.3 26.0 16.1 '19.4 48.1 39.5 21.3 22.9 68.1 40.3 78.0 22.9 25.9 U-9 17.9 31.6 96.2 38.8 51.3 S7.S 66.6 40.4 27.3 2 10.6 2 1,239,260 537,631 2 470,236 1,203,225 367,362 32.1 38.4 42.0 39.0 35.4 43.5 23.9 18.6 60.9 12.6 66.2 100.0 97.4 97.1 71.6 2 887,708 439,292 586,100 1,821,323 1,085,762 30.6 45.3 32.4 39.6 31.8 8.9 16.5 15.9 12.9 16.9 18.0 100.0 51.5 16.4 29.1 679,643 1,238,046 648,000 802,099 539,138 29.4 34.8 30.6 39.0 26.4 36.6 4.0 5.6 35.1 13.3 90.6 6.6 18.0 100.0 38.0 2 960,443 1,629,459 l,m,144 363,651 161,025 31.5 47.7 36.0 24.9 49.8 50.2 9.6 1.1 8.0 4.4 96.2 17.6 1.8 32.3 80.0 985,264 401,340 1,179,669 460,689 594,594 30.9 30.0 40.2 24.9 30.3 6.3 0.2 49.4 31.1 29.4 9.9 0.9 98.6 98.1 88.3 2 1,263,589 1,311,188 3,606,920 1,221,791 93,597 35.4 45.0 42.0 25.8 48.3 6.0 32.6 25.0 8.4 3.3 9.9 65.6 1.8 10.4 100.0 437,172 363,148 437, 891 29.7 38.4 38.4 22.5 36.7 18.6 15.8 (=) 2.3 7.5 74.4 98.1 631,947 828,072 4.8 19.0 283,733 447,489 936,710 835,720 1,411,838 22.8 33.3 27.6 35.1 30.6 7.2 20.2 11.1 27.6 20.5 33.8 8.8 19.1 68.5 26.3 370,728 2 92,466 794, 31S SS5,144 678,847 27.6 26.7 30.3 31.8 36.6 22.4 6.9 6.9 16.0 11.5 97.8 100.0 15.4 83.8 36.4 1,256,141 544,902 958,402 657,850 22.2 23.7 31.8 30.0 7.1 1.8 15.6 6.4 7.4 4.6 30.4 17.2 1,089,943 753,973 559,215 2 317,401 28.2 31.8 34.8 61.0 4.7 8.0 7.9 10.6 7.2 19.8 28.9 100.0 867,426 637,631 463, 842 1,164,356 279,352 158,992 439,292 302,880 306,913 416,045 646,708 102,907 98,000 802,099 280,542 951,066 260,669 25,242 132,746 141,618 106,604 3,580 1,171,738 460,689 513,879 165,859 907,808 692,266 160,520 93,597 329,112 366,682 334, 888 40,822 171,016 136,285 385,436 249, 147 612,200 395,949 361,928 92,456 170, 109 267,560 262,381 96,427 23,379 312,810 112,878 111,805 161,939 161,895 317,401 70.0 100.0 98.6 96.8 76.0 17.9 100.0 61.7 16.9 95.2 8.3 17.9 100.0 52.0 99.0 17.0 1.9 36.5 87.9 11.0 0.9 99.3 97.8 86.4 13.1 69.2 19.7 13.1 100.0 75.3 97.9 76.5 6.5 20.7 48.0 86.1 26.6 73.3 28.0 97.6 100.0 21.4 79.8 38.7 7.7 4.3 32.6 17.2 10.3 21.6 29.0 100.0 38.4 42.6 39.0 37.8 30.3 45.3 32.4 40.6 42.0 31.2 43.8 30.3 39.0 36.0 32.4 46.5 39.0 28.2 54.9 34.2 30.6 40.6 24.6 29.7 47.1 47.4 47.1 32.7 48.3 30.3 38.4 30.3 39.0 32.4 32.4 38.4 37.8 33.0 27.6 26.7 42.0 30.3 39.0 23.1 22.2 34.2 30.0 40.5 34.5 34.8 51.0 22.2 0.5 1.6 6.0 40.5 15.0 66.6 41.1 3.7 56.9 25.0 21.7 2.0 46.1 60. S 16.8 1.1 48.1 Z2.6 0.7 0.6 3.9 64.8 17.2 116.9 72.2 6.4 0.3 (?) 46.8 32.0 14.1 2.7 47.0 12.7 67.5 0.5 '"s's'.o 2.9 20.1 89.1 37.0 35.7 SO. 9 60.9 32.4 19.4 33.1 2.6 2.9 28.4 82.0 48.5 83.6 70.9 9.4 93.4 82.0 62.0 3.8 82.4 98.2 67.7 20.0 90.1 99.1 1.4 1.9 11.7 90.1 34.5 98.2 89.6 25.6 1.9 95.2 81.0 66.2 91.2 31.5 73.7 84.6 16.2 63.6 92.6 96.4 69.6 82.8 80.2 71.1 371,824 38,870 88,000 728,716 283,220 1,514,410 669,717 32,835 1,135,139 450,000 268,596 9,387 1,268,890 1,276,902 230,905 19,507 858,660 397,760 7,931 10,000 80,715 1,097,730 403,380 2,813,664 1,061,271 108,060 7,466 103,003 591,125 657,066 147,448 62,054 687, 663 223,620 1,015,889 8,800 624,213 67,584 416,466 1,159,714 521,623 645,692 644,972 978,138 592,034 397,320 1.4 3.2 24.0 82.1 83.1 61.7 4.8 91.7 82.1 48.0 1.0 83.0 98.1 63.6 12.1 89.0 99.1 0.7 2.2 13.6 30.8 80.3 86.9 24.7 2.1 23.5 93.5 79.3 62.0 13.9 73.4 26.7 72.0 2.4 78.6 20.2 61.3 92.3 95.7 67.4 82.8 89.7 78.4 71.0 28.5 21.9 44.1 30.0 30.9 32.1 39.3 27.6 15.0 33.9 30.6 20.4 8.1 47.7 36.0 23.4 30.3 30.3 30.0 19.2 28.5 35.4 34.2 39.9 41.1 27.3 28.5 42.3 21.9 35.1 17.7 39.3 24.9 30.0 30.0 30.0 27.9 39.6 35.4 22.2 24.0 30.9 30.0 27.3 31.2 34.8 ' Exclusive of roadways in parks. 2 Includes alleys. 2 Length (miles) reported in the aggregate, but not in the subdivisions. 154 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 21,— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH AND AREA OF PRINCIPAL KINDS OF [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see DTJEABLE PAVEMENTS. Sheet asphalt. Length (miles). Area (square Block asphalt. Length (miles). Area (square yards). Bitulithio. Length (miles). Area (square yards). Tar-bound macadam. Length (miles). Area (square yards). Granite and Belgian block. Length (miles). Area (square yards). Cobblestone. Length (miles). Area (square yards). Grand total. Group I Group II... Group III.. Group IV.. 4, 292. 7 83,227,011 281.1 5,418,6 207.7 4,317,872 142.4 3,008,919 2,596.1 51,414,901 536.3 2,890.0 846.4 590.9 165.4 50,536,568 16,837,691 12,230,380 3,623,372 200.9 20.9 26.0 13.3 4,260,432 467,308 457,276 233,651 68.7 72.1 27.8 1,602,604 1,335,202 786,542 693,524 24.0 30.8 50.7 37.1 442,058 703,837 983,470 899,554 1,798.7 464.1 270.9 62.4 35,814,907 9,307,275 4,989,231 1,303,488 445.3 22.8 62.9 5.3 9,083,397 7,482,692 428,226 1,081,427 93, 152 GROUP I.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1 New York , N . Y 689.4 488.8 448.9 53.8 19.1 14.2 24.8 183.2 71.2 233.0 149.8 42.7 25.8 50.7 89.5 146.5 13,737,971 7,498,800 7,0.31,225 1,279,685 319,445 346,282 443,651 S,9il,B17 1,350,116 4,535,488 3,564,828 761,344 696,120 1,040,917 1,630,933 3,389,647 132.9 1.7 15.8 2,985,743 27,840 151,141 5.8 2.0 115,923 32,000 379.6 69.9 392.7 70.1 98.4 51.1 96.8 232.1 3.9 90.8 103.5 66.2 11.7 89.0 41.1 25.0 8,398,405 1,119,040 8,474,322 1,638,552 2,208,517 1,045,318 2,734,337 S,S50,S5g 85,187 2,233,521 2,419,460 1,164,692 309,150 1,349,656 818,933 466,376 19.3 340,250 •> ^ PMIaaeiphia, Pa . 27.0 283,029 33.9 8.2 9.1 0.4 882 820 115,138 240,224 10,289 5 Boston, Mass (?) 18.6 96 404,108 5.0 1.5 0.7 85,667 26,699 14,008 0.3 25L2 2,239 4,168,947 a Baltimore, Md 8 Pittsburgh, Pa .., 1.2 2.7 W,d60 44,719 22.2 1.0 SP,B78 19,813 t> Detroit Mich 0.3 6,251 10 Buffalo N Y 11 San Francisco, Cal 14.7 65.2 348,458 1,148,224 1? 1.0 17,800 5.8 1.4 8.2 3.9 99,088 35,985 158,980 80,080 5.3 92,400 1? Milwaukee Wis u Newark, N. J 0.7 14,784 3.6 70,210 4.7 32.9 6.8 99,475 575,579 166,300 15 16 Washineton D C 28.3 595, 142 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 10.3 47.8 26.1 190.8 82.8 39.8 84.2 5.1 86.7 29.9 21.1 21.5 24.8 17.1 0.7 7.2 43.1 3.3 21.5 7.1 51.5 0.4 27.1 0.4 5.3 5.6 163,753 1,239,040 459,060 3,840,037 1,319,534 840,787 1,239,726 90,055 1,065,449 877,028 640,640 397,738 498,270 291,122 12,698 167,895 780,848 69,329 403,809 124,946 1,130,932 7,621 669,568 7,163 124,373 147,523 40.1 2.1 80.0 3.5 636,416 48,933 1,409,108 88,997 IS 6.6 164,267 10 Tersev Citv N J 1.5 8.6 28,580 146,619 **1 0.2 7.2 440 w 19.2 1.8 33.9 31.5 9.6 3.6 5.8 24.5 23.1 18.7 48.3 1.8 2.7 2.9 8.1 20.8 14.4 2.3 34.9 405,081 31,952 695,972 705,833 232,641 81,436 118,932 497,394 446,749 221,076 1,133,440 85,627 68,534 38,904 108,201 534,502 258,703 65,827 826,397 •Jl 1.2 1.0 21,189 20,800 0.4 6,785 6.0 87,329 118 25 Rophester N Y 0.9 13,211 3.1 121,233 97 30.9 534,429 0.1 0.7 0.6 3.0 3,084 8,056 15,193 38,574 0(\ 0.1 10.4 1,853 211,201 4.3 50,450 ?0 i.5 1.5 2.9 0.2 1.8 3.0 34,933 23,859 59,547 3,767 40,830 28,818 0.1 447 ?'' ?1 0.4 5,550 0.1 3,710 35 0.9 17,296 0.8 14,580 ?1 Omalia Nebr 0.5 3.8 0.6 8,744 90,041 11,864 39 13.8 309,066 8.0 200,495 11 Oakland Cal 0.1 3,334 7.1 0.1 0.2 166,615 2,692 3,994 42 O-rand RaBlds Mich 1.4 38,148 0.3 7.2 18.0 9.8 1.6 6,017 126, 180 281,886 241,438 35,120 0.2 6,017 43 Nashville Tenn 6.6 1.3 2.8 0.8 118,669 23,507 69,024 15,230 44 3.6 0.2 21.6 76,780 5,315 448,675 15 Cambridge, Mass 0.2 5,711 16 0.1 2,400 ' Exclusive of roadways in parks. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. GENERAL TABLES. PAVED STREETS,! CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OF SURFACE: 1909. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 65. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 155 DURABLE PAVEMENTS— continued. NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS. Brick. Creosoted wood block. Untreated wood block. Other. Oil-bound macadam. Water-bound macadam. "Water-bound gravel. Other. 1 Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (mUes). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). 2,807.2 53,870,578 156.1 2,936,047 613.8 10,724,370 206.7 2,931,154 66.9 2,045,686 6,261.7 106,910,522 2,242.6 41,212,992 501.9 10,369,475 993.7 643.5 709.0 461.0 17,744,960 12,272,379 13,882,671 9,970,568 56.7 78.7 15.4 5.3 1,089,441 1,402,424 322,647 121,535 529.8 14.9 19.1 50.0 8,708,805 306,655 628,806 1,180,104 73.9 102.4 25.2 5.2 688,826 1,721,606 431,611 89,211 23.9 10.3 7.2 25.5 999,069 217,588 112,640 716,389 .3,060.1 1,293.4 1,072.0 836.2 49,285,695 23,778,209 18,854,925 14,991,693 149.2 1,076.8 608.6 408.0 2,346,633 19,673,681 11,644,413 7,649,366 40.7 342.6 42.0 76.7 702,083 7,666,609 685,278 1,316,605 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 DE OVER IN 1909. 17.1 82.7 165.9 133.5 1.4 11.2 261.6 68.9 101.5 21.8 354,374 1,323,040 2,588,459 2,966,674 21,891 217,582 4,493,765 S8S,Si8 2,114,378 383,436 22.3 11.0 1.5 2.8 2.4 1.7 1.1 0.7 5.3 467,767 176,320 66,000 66,654 56,709 33,592 19,888 8,148 89,122 3.6 5.0 18.6 69,984 79,520 115,006 6.7 684,431 837.4 569.2 295.0 276.7 342.4 62.2 1.5 10.6 11,149,273 9,106,660 3,147,414 6,844,327 6,289,961 645,075 27,989 167, SOO 1 325.6 5,209,760 7.1 113,920 2 3 4 2.1 43,747 3.2 68,448 31.3 479,465 5 6 7 8 185.0 3,093,757 15.0 366,190 1.8 29,774 9 13.8 46.0 228.5 273.5 29.8 297,937 1,093,144 4,021,776 5,778,821 405,941 10 11 72.4 20.9 33.9 10.1 0.9 1,273,360 550,696 673,617 177,936 22,415 4.5 1.5 0.5 1.4 79,904 34,320 5,796 8,331 5.6 96,800 12 19.2 405,288 13 14 44.6 380,569 39.1 73.3 688,512 1,080,866 31.8 568,389 15 83.5 1,310,277 16 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 21.6 3.3 0.7 40.3 71.8 56.2 12.7 0.4 44.3 7.6 341,720 75,797 11,756 766,988 1,044,519 1,187,788 293, 183 7,872 784,326 206,564 40.2 636, 139 8.5 134,686 1 16.3 259,001 17 4.9 117,333 276.3 6,456,666 188.9 4,446,934 18 1.9 0.2 20.8 33,281 5,670 396,017 »23.5 38.8 10.0 71.5 1.4 200.6 28.8 43.7 9.8 84.1 8.1 14.3 55.1 3 609,961 947,639 209,483 1,509,448 26,406 3,631,616 385,219 728,494 204,967 1,664,982 143,510 144,760 881,414 19 0.7 12,069 20 2.4 62,626 109.6 0.9 1,280,000 18,585 21 22 0.1 4,360 82.7 1,359,608 ?? ?4 1.8 0.7 26,369 22,723 12.4 15.2 172,185 288,686 25 0.9 16,399 0.2 5,973 26 93.9 2,040,083 27 0.7 127.0 108.6 0.6 2.0 23.0 6.7 6.6 7.8 37.3 11,088 2,491,622 1,914,693 11,634 35,200 496,081 146,831 123,686 137,207 723,107 2.0 0.3 6.3 m 2.6 40,092 6,160 137,392 631 51,333 12.4 203,909 103.7 1,188,070 28 29 30 1.2 18,506 132.3 2,095,632 31 53.0 1,088,267 32 0.6 8,839 33 0.9 18,999 0.9 17,510 66.3 1,171,230 34 35 i.6 19,244 69.2 4.5 40.0 1,462,334 63,454 6 IS, 500 3fi 3.6 97,773 0.2 0.3 2.2 2,972 6,458 61,022 37 40.S 93.2 71.1 814,700 2,132,891 1,416,064 38 7.8 0.1 187,616 2,278 0.7 14,414 39 1.3 214.9 7.4 163.6 34.6 84.7 0.9 30,391 4,413,100 176,527 2,847,060 615, 105 1,220,526 19, 105 40 0.6 0.6 15,840 10,949 1.3 26,500 41 22.8 2.0 0.2 3.0 27.9 634,735 36,376 3,116 82,941 616,865 '0.2 5,597 1.3 30,460 147.9 2,602,631 42 43 0.3 0.2 4, 506 5,612 0.4 0.8 9,832 22,329 1.0 16,834 74.9 1,308,592 5.3 63,842 44 45 46 ' Includes Hudson County Boulevard: Length, 5.6 miles; area, 193,644 square yards. 156 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 21 — HIGHWAYS— LENGTH AND AREA OF PRINCIPAL KINDS OF PAVED [For a list of the cities arranged alphatetioaUy by states, with the number assigned to each, see aiy. DURABLE PAVEMENTS. i Sheet asphalt. Block asphalt. Bitulithic. Tar-bound macadam. Granite and Belgian block. Cobblestone. Length (mfles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Jyength (miles). Area (square yards). GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany,N.Y 10.0 1.8 11.6 8.4 6.2 14.7 0.5 0.4 25.1 3.7 19.9 175,957 36,240 363,646 199,000 139,298 287,039 167,429 11,406 378,605 121,326 736,081 0.8 14,500 32.6 1.6 572,828 27,717 8.8 164,924 48 49 Spokane, Wash an 0.6 18,700 0.6 0,5 3.4 14,570 7,333 75,205 51 Beading, Pa 6.3 124,765 5? Trenton, N. J 0.5 6,704 ,n San Antonio, Tex 54 0.5 3.1 6,611 46,298 2.9 45,234 6.9 19.3 99,056 283,994 11.8 3.0 144,621 49,771 55 Camden, N.J 56 Dallas, Tex 6.9 141,304 57 Salt Lake City, Utah 0.5 4.0 11.9 2.1 26,133 85,490 212,324 36,716 5S 1.9 4.1 2.1 54,920 95,917 39,934 50 Wilmington, Del 1.0 0.4 13.8 0.3 12.2 6.0 6.9 34.9 11.6 1.4 5.7 0.7 15.2 58.8 0.1 3.6 30.6 4.8 15,934 7,877 279,385 6,707 247,732 122, 107 143,717 728,396 210,322 38, 280 160,462 10,410 398,863 1,044,143 3,488 76,031 549,462 96,070 0.1 24,963 10.4 187,364 60 Springfield, Mass 61 0.1 1,886 6' Lawrence, Mass 6.7 1.4 25.0 2.7 6.5 0.4 2.6 0.1 3.0 0.2 5.3 2.5 21.1 2.6 16.4 S.B 155,767 31,799 400,290 48,578 168,944 16,227 69,488 1,892 75,382 5,608 110,752 62,614 460,203 46,398 293,906 78,153 63 St. Joseph, Mo 64 Troy.N; Y 0.2 2,508 0.8 0.5 2.2 14,790 7,125 70,723 65 Yonkers,N.Y 0.1 1,333 66 Tacoma, Wash 67 6.1 107,028 68 9.4 164,560 69 Houston, Tex 70 0.9 14,689 1.7 25,069 71 Tr!^Tisa,<5 riity, Kans 72 Utica,N.Y 0.1 C) 887 263 0.7 13,593 73 Waterbury , Conn 2.3 0.5 • 48,364 10,560 74 EUzabeth.N. J 0.1 1.2 2,323 22,241 75 Schenectady, N. Y 2.8 50,742 76 Hoboken, N. J 77 Manchester, N, H s.e 1.0 10.2 54,750 8,844 258,745 78 E vansville, Ind 10.8 0.3 0.4 21.6 3.2 8.5 21.6 7.3 12.7 38.1 26.9 0.7 217,479 6,352 4,001 427,864 55,548 153,980 501,920 140, 814 251,490 720, 920 510,036 14,319 79 2.0 2.7 20.0 55,691 53,001 332,190 80 Akron, Ohio 3.0 1.3 52,915 26,164 SI Norfolk, Va 0.9 1.4 17,952 23,365 82 Fort Worth, Tex 0.1 2,816 R3 Wilkes-Barre, Pa 1.1 19,209 0.2 4.5 6.8 0.4 6,157 64,811 130,759 9,514 84 Erie, Pa 0.6 4.2 9,986 80,869 85 Savannah, Ga 4.4 0.1 84,206 581 86 Peoria, 111 87 Harrisburg, Pa 0.4 0.1 1,414 2,125 0.1 2,009 88 Fort Wayne, Ind 89 Charleston, S. C 17.1 13.7 263,990 266,964 2.8 0.7 61,600 13,896 90 Portland, Me.j 2.2 42, 198 16.5 264,082 91 Terre Haute, Ind 3.7 87,790 9? East St. Louis, 111 S.7 2.7 7.9 77, ew 64,665 151,917 03 0.6 12,746 0.5 11,470 0.7 1.9 14,524 29,713 3.8 2.0 67,058 24,228 94 Brockton, Mass 95 5.0 93,280 96 Jacksonville, Fla 97 Oklahoma City, Okla 77.0 5.1 3.5 5.4 1.6 4.3 5.4 13.0 1,573,205 126,833 77,285 166, 748 33,652 65,038 86, 882 252,065 98 Bayonne, N. J. 2.8 62,260 99 100 South Bend, Ind 1.9 38,584 101 1.5 0.9 1.5 16, 193 12,182 29,745 10? Altoona, Pa 1.7 25,906 0.1 1,576 103 Mobile, Ala 3.0 46,015 104 AUentown, Pa 1.2 0.2 26,038 1,847 10,5 Pawtucket, R. I 3.5 61,512 6.4 91,691 1 Exclusive of roadways in parks. 'Owned by private corporation, but used by the public. GENERAL TABLES. STREETS,' CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OF SURFACE: 1909-Coiitinued. page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 65. I'igures printed in italics are estimates.] 157 DURABLE PAVEMENTS-COUtinued. NONDUEABLE PAVEMENTS. Brick. Creosoted wood bloclc. Untreated wood block. Other. Oil-bound macadam. Water-bound macadam. Water-bound gravel. Other. i Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (mUes). Area (square yards). Length (maes). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (mUes). Area (square yards). i b GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 31.3 4.0 0.5 550,260 90,592 15,665 6.4 72.7 113,239 1,279,520 47 0.6 14,569 48 1.1 38,527 49 95.0 61.8 10.9 SO. 2 ■ 75.0 4.0 47.3 3.3 18.3 19.7 65.9 0.1 26.0 28.2 3.0 88.1 0.3 0.9 29.7 2.1 66.1 1.9 0.9 7.0 19.1 2.0 0.7 SO.O 3.5 65.0 6.8 1.4 1,672,000 1,517,828 154,633 883,520 940,443 61,889 837,258 75,166 392,839 287,595 1,205,564 1,714 461,711 493,668 53,543 1,292,000 6,172 15,237 783,285 36,948 791,413 33,183 9,596 122,850 278,805 34,949 12,264 475,200 82,133 1,454,397 107,087 24,542 V) 14.2 9.8 0.4 0.3 2.6 4.0 284,237 186,460 7,490 9,276 38,105 80,954 •il 0.1 1,223 m 1.0 28,811 104.0 2,25i,666 5.3 54 12.9 188,687 ■15 0.1 514 5.6 129,043 56 0.2 1.6 1.8 3,312 40,149 42,966 f>7 0.1 13.9 4.5 55.9 >0.4 30.9 16.7 0.3 5.6 27.1 1.5 16.0 0.2 49.7 0.8 4.2 1.3 10.7 2,679 226,987 86,140 1,118,710 2 9,778 569, 620 278,454 6,395 171,233 478,408 41,392 342,714 6,640 968,753 13,355 88,586 32,716 192,131 5S 59 1.8 1.5 46,738 34,491 80.7 0.1 1,420,144 2,966 an 0.5 6,763 61 67 3.1 0.9 62,767 15,467 63 64 65 0.1 1,867 0.3 3,173 66 67 ' 0.7 17,486 10.0 1.8 316,800 49,883 0.8 11,327 57.5 44.4 1,368,255 607,418 68 5.2 66,923 69 1.8 36,802 6.0 91,520 70 71 0.1 1,849 7' 73 4.6 96,940 74 75 0.2 0.1 2,646 2,873 76 0.1 1,636 0.5 0.7 7,920 13,200 77 27.9 5.7 43.1 2.0 2.2 18.0 14.0 17.8 44.6 2.9 17.6 4.6 0.2 19.8 41. S 2.1 645,874 188,546 785,312 32,858 76,384 270,487 318,861 342,519 880,188 36,648 335,479 82,433 4,084 404,888 876,480 41,489 4.0 71,800 78 79 SO 0.2 2,000 12.0 158,000 81 75.0 1,320,000 8' 0.1 983 83 0.4 878 84 6.T 1.0 10.0 14,912 17,264 186,000 1.4 27,388 2.4 46,539 S5 86 0.2 3,006 87 88 4.6 81,026 5.5 86.1 55.5 69,610 1,645,662 1,202,300 2.1 39,406 89 1.0 15,225 90 0.6 12,672 2.5 S.O 9.5 20.5 58,666 63,360 167,376 282,065 91 9? 0.8 15,230 25.7 451,264 93 94 18.0 35.3 1.4 1.3 13.7 41.9 0.2 21.2 4.7 0.3 0.1 316,800 724,827 58,700 25,196 234,891 872,663 4,925 312,818 73,652 36,974 1,965 95 4.3 0.8 «11.0 38.8 0.9 31.5 0.6 75,152 11,440 < 300,713 614,592 14,836 498,960 10,000 18.7 329,120 96 97 0.1 11,528 98 99 0.1 1,236 0.2 1,524 1.4 40,993 ino 101 in? 3.6 57,646 0.7 10,000 4.0 108,000 ins 8.8 20.1 135,880 329,519 in4 64.3 1,057,713 in.'i • Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. * Includes Hudson County Boulevard: Length, 3.8 miles; area, 135,200 square yards. 158 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 21.— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH AND AEEA OF PRINCIPAL KINDS OF PAVED [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see aiT. DURABLE PAVEMENTS. 1 Sheet asphalt. Block asphalt. Bitulithic. Tar-bound macadam. Granite and Belgian block. Cobblestone. a 3 Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 23.6 477, 121 1.1 17,218 0.2 4,972 107 Canton, Ohio 10S Winhit^., TTfln^ 12.5 4.6 2.2 316,067 78,894 49,796 1.3 37,557 109 Springfleld, III 110 Binghamton, N. Y 111 Lancaster, Pa 1.0 19,477 1.8 30,314 112 Sioux City, Iowa 9.4 5.3 0.8 2.6 7.5 L8 2.6 12.8 3.3 6.6 7.3 264,757 100,480 18,624 48,926 135,456 61,620 45,000 212,465 79,899 186,814 192,985 in Little Rock, Ark 0.7 0.6 16,896 15,165 114 Springfield, Ohio 0.9 20,848 11'i Atlantic City, N.J 7.3- 1.5 164,078 7,700 116 Bay City, Mich 117 RocWord, 111 118 York, Pa 119 i?n Chatt&nooga, Tenn 1.0 20,339 2.1 3.1 0.6 1.0 4.2 57,297 58,115 14,080 23,576 91,066 I'l Topeka, Kans 1W 1.8 63,604 i?i Maiden, Mass 1?4 Haverhill, Mass 3.1 33,828 175 Pueblo, Colo 3.2 102,631 1.2 0.7 0.2 38,887 lS,86i 3,580 1?fi flfllRTTl Mil.W i.e 87,740 1W New ^ritaiii. Conn 1?S Davenport, Iowa 9.4 190,385 0.1 907 1?fl McKeesport, Pa 6.6 0.1 2.4 0.4 92,400 933 50,390 9,756 no Wheeling, W. Va 0.2 3,887 3.4 68,906 131 Augusta, Ga 13? Superior, Wis 0.4 10,090 1.8 51,240 1.0 26.0 23,466 692,266 133 134 Dubuque, Iowa ISS Butte, Mont 2.7 78,482 1,36 Chester, Pa 9.7 3.7 173,598 61,709 85,027 4.2 1.5 « 0.7 73,920 43,531 7,521 11,767 1.2 21,120 137 Kalamazoo, Mich 1.2 21,093 138 1,508 498 %.9 78,155 16,532 139 Woonsocket, R. I (.') 600 140 Galveston, Tex 141 Fitchburg, Mass 0.8 9,052 6.0 «L4 121,262 1,812 B9,eSi 0.4 5,971 14? Racine, Wis 2.9 4.6 51,308 104,814 143 Elmira,N.Y 0.6 11,789 144 Quinoy, 111 145 Knoxville, Term 10.9 200,796 2.3 51,405 (?) 235 146 New Castle, Pa 9.0 148,007 147 Macon, Ga 0.2 4.6 0.8 7.9 6,000 109,272 14,256 173,623 2.2 42,467 148 Auburn.N.Y L3 0.9 26,961 19,400 149 West Hoboken, N.J 9.6 169,488 1.50 JoUet.Ill I'll Taunton, Mass 1.1 0.4 16,839 2,066 0.7 1,925 4.9 1.3 71,651 18,257 0.1 1,584 152 Everett, Mass 153 Oshkosh, Wis 3.7 69,461 4.0 70,576 1,54 Chelsea, Mass e.i 90, iW 155 Joplin, Mo 0.2 3,592 1.56 1.57 Newport, Ky 0.4 0.3 6,609 7,600 0.1 2,000 158 1.2 38,621 1 Exclusive ol roadways in parks. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 mile. GENERAL TABLES. STREETS,' CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OF SURFACE: 1909— Continued, page 85. For a text discussion or tliis table, see page OS. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 169 DURABLE PAVEMENTS— continued. NONDURABLE PAVEMENTS. Brick. Creosot»d wood Wock. Untreated wood Mock. Other. Ofl-hound macadam. Water-hound macadam. Water-bound gravel. Other. i length (miles). Xrea (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards). Length (miles). Area (square yards).. Length (miles). Area (square yards). 3 GROUP IV.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 12.0 23.9 4.8 46.0 10.4 6.1 6.4 9.9 10.6 6.6 18.7 2.2 3.0 21.2 6.8 40.0 345,552 637,631 116,218 1,077,431 228,556 109,201 158,413 185,504 248,469 199,276 391,042 51,387 53,000 561,229 121,546 704,704 6.1 113,717 0.5 8,846 22.2 371,824 10R 107 0.5 1.5 5.0 40.5 6,393 38,870 88,000 728,716 108 0.2 4,343 0.2 3,687 inp IMI 111 0.7 16,122 112 15.0 17.1 25.1 3.7 56.9 25.0 283,220 376,260 388,117 32,835 1,135.139 450,000 113 ^^^4 3,807 3,767 48.5 16.0 1,138,160 281,600 114 115 7.8 112,611 116 117 118 1.1 28,405 lift 0.1 1,461 3.3 2.0 34,407 9,387 18.4 224,189 1?0 0.6 1,423 121 25.5 716,389 i9.6 63. e 562,601 1,100,687 12?. ■0.1 1,666 6.7 16.8 1.1 Si. 9 n.e 0.7 0.6 1.5 28.0 17.2 65.9 72.2 176,315 230,905 19,507 478,660 397,760 7,931 10,000 26,048 694, 497 403,380 1,616,854 1,061,271 i?a 0.7 7,862 124 1?5 S3.S 380,000 126 1?7 39.8 25.5 25.7 3.6 0.4 979,181 358,289 450,154 115,469 9,150 0.1 1,265 128 1W 2.4 26.8 54,667 603,233 130 131 0.5 10,894 28.1 793,213 13? 51.0 1,196,800 ns 8.4 0.6 3.5 9.2 5.4 160,520 15,115 60,474 223,689 162,677 1»,335 112,390 134 135 3.3 0.3 52,800 7,466 3.1 55,260 1.36 0.2 5,660 137 30.5 103.003 393, 663 138 0.1 2.1 2,090 58,626 15.3 197,472 I.W 32.0 657,056 140 14.1 2.7 5.2 12.7 57.5 0.5 147,448 62,054 73,626 223,520 1,015,889 8,800 141 16.2 4.5 27.6 4.0 13.4 3.5 1.1 3.7 3.6 • 311,634 102,910 612,200 85,786 213,921 43,989 33,886 64,416 88,758 1.1 20,681 14? 41.8 613,937 143 144 3.3 57,728 145 146 147 S8.0 2.9 13.8 24.0 27.2 14.1 SO. 9 55.9 32.4 19.4 624, SIS 67,684 289,760 357,682 383,539 265,080 368, 97S 890,138 592,034 397,320 148 149 6.3 65.1 9.8 21.6 10.0 6.0 126,706 802,032 137,984 380, 612 176,000 88,000 150 0.3 5,428 1.51 0.1 2.5 l.S 4.3 7.3 7.4 9.1 3,056 57,493 SS,i68 105,325 150,793 153,386 271,280 15? 0.4 9,469 5.0 105,811 I'll 154 0.2 0.7 2,888 11,146 1.55 1,56 157 1.58 » Not reported. 160 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 22 HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF PRINCIPAL CLASSES OP STREET' PAVEMENTS LAID BY CON- TRACTORS AND BY CITY EMPLOYEES DURING THE YEAR: 1909. [Cities that laid no pavements in 1909 are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 70. Figures printed in italics are estimates.) AIL PAVEMENTS. Total. Grand total.. Groupl GroupII Group in Group IV New York N.Y.. Chicago, 111 Fhiladelphia, Pa. . St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio. . . Pittsburgh, Pa Detroit, Mich Buflalo,N.Y San Francisco, Cal, Cincinnati, Ohio... Milwaukee, Wis. . . . Newark, N.J New Orleans, La. . Washington, D. C. 22,178,095 By con- tractors. 18,462,804 8,058,948 4,048,327 3,198,933 2,556,596 By city em- ployees. 3,715,291 1,439,452 768,592 873,936 633,312 DUBABLE PAVEMENTS. Total. 16,685,075 7,969,642 3,413,636 3,040,923 2,161,674 Sheet asphalt. By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. 6,884,588 3,397,243 1,438,587 1,416,060 632,698 236,663 236,148 Granite and Bel- gian block. By con- tractors. 1,443,579 982,299 230,042 194, 269 36,969 By City em- ployees. 243,983 69,145 90,759 65,733 28,346 Brick. By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. 4,363,395 1,621,741 889,012 829,035 1,023,607 273,807 193,942 10,203 59,978 9,681 Other. By con- tractors. 2,216,564 1,257,749 559,944 261,307 137,564 By city em- 923,096 221,275 194,989 214,026 NONDTTBABLE PAVEMENTS. Total. 5,592,420 1,528,858 2,003,383 1,031,945 1,028,234 By con- tractors. 3,654,678 799,916 1,530,742 498,262 726,758 By city em- ployees. 2,037,742 728,942 472, 641 633,683 302,476 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1,712,873 1,882,470 493, 161 841,801 832,268 293,223 411,308 191,561 629,918 125, 195 326,617 418,463 310,604 161,500 567,558 300,094 1,682,903 1,882,470 493, 161 841,801 168,627 283,830 411,308 191,651 276,065 126, 196 326,51- 178,085 310,504 161,506 567,558 267,967 129,970 663,731 9,393 353,853 240,378 42,127 1,503,776 1,546,744 416,619 822,582 197,923 293,223 411,308 191,561 629,918 108,451 285,927 383,263 249,209 126,720 546,361 267,967 838,477 1,006,713 235,347 39,792 19, 173 91,332 3,530 67,586 51,932 70,661 243,115 46,992 125,991 2,776 325,793 229,044 188,643 47,505 245,428 38,770 92,973 45,621 64,049 16,295 68,416 27,783 3,234 46,090 17,698 20,635 91,579 14,837 56,525 252 2,911 219,081 87,502 580,238 17,842 37,787 387,905 60, 182 36,947 10,017 27,923 92,683 70,896 2,738 9,141 154,290 lolsii 476,408 76,522 55,000 109,579 8,401 90,662 3,578 5,367 187,186 39,578 12,837 31,414 126,251 14,086 51,361 8,009 iei^gos 209,097 336,726 76,642 19,219 634,336 16,744 40,590 36,200 61,295 35,786 21, 197 42,127 79,127 336,726 76,542 19,219 77,490 16,744 40,590 35,200 61,295 35.786 21, 197 556,845 42,127 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Minneapolis, Minn. . . Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N.J Kansas Ciiy, Mo Indianapolis, Ind . . . Louisville, Ky Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo Portland, Oreg Columbus, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Worcester, Mass 237,498 8,629 86,976 303,608 175,037 26,047 666, 151 47,136 201,606 765,584 816,680 335,761 148,350 126,317 54,116 76,660 11,332 83,608 30,698 172,602 33,362 577,489 172,874 455,695 142,534 121,986 100,042 29,428 9,325 34,693 8,629 86,976 303,608 175,037 26,047 666,151 202,805 199, 137 3,100 82,878 231,921 157,214 22,427 666,161 7,078 175,147 35,869 34,693 74 41,796 22,494 13,029 8,077 143,338 38,361 6,529 4,098 71,687 17,823 3,620 38, 361 18 2,130 11,945 206,667 60,667 19,048 416,416 896 364 2,770 76,406 2,433 76,513 5,529 4,098 71,687 17,823 3,620 19 28,784 20 71 20,141 22 946 26,382 "'6,' 627 n 45i 147,840 Vl 47,135 40,057 26,359 129,715 m 415,880 15,020 40,057 26 201,606 87,674 100,315 9,895 24,610 16,334 50,222 26,369 61,446 26 77,910 9,640 68,270 23 816,680 335,761 148,350 400,800 320,731 148,350 74,064 100,022 39,098 261,680 415,880 15,020 f> 75,475 44,678 245,266 80,672 30 "'"i,'675 23,000 31 126,317 54,116 30,368 42,011 52,263 64,116 8,839 8,375 52,263 54,116 "t? 33 Syracuse, N.Y New Haven, Conn... Soranton, Pa Paterson,N. J Omaha, Nebr Fall River, Mass Memphis, Tenn Richmond, Va Oakland, Cal Grand Rapids, Mich. Nashville, Tenn Lowell, Mass Cambridge, Mass Dayton, Ohio 76,660 11,332 83,608 30,698 172,602 4,186 552,321 116,144 455,595 142,534 86,919 67,821 2,967 83,608 30,698 172,602 16,510 284,854 32,512 42,054 101,156 870 20,296 23,416 9,325 45,607 i,389 1,964 2,914 20,925 8,839 8,376 SI 993 35 68,044' 12,650 36 12,205 68,904 2,481 156,478 18,493 1,612 1,706 19,236 15,163 3,334 2,662 37 102,086 38 29,176 25,168 56,730 12,324 18,8BS 292,635 140,362 413,541 41,378 121,115 79,746 6,012 16,862 25 168 39 110,140 267,467 83,632 413,541 41,378 86,049 17,349 56',1?0 18,379 47,366 1,272 12, 764 5,615 m 953 43,160 10,864 47,662 9,436 6,170 64 65 Yonkers,N.Y Tacoma, Wash Youngstown, Ohio. . Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Somerville, Mass Kansas City, Sans. . Utica N Y 35,625 6,172 36,625 6,172 66 241,450 151,068 36,340 46,784 31,908 36,836 48,628 27,438 22,656 83,430 2,646 7,947 66,580 1,417 96,000 18,000 7,920 31,911 108,190 48,234 34,288 66,832 23,700 33,382 39,667 12,038 20,596 31,571 82,133 476,808 36,421 10,226 47,412 76,708 33,160 73,987 2,723 182,286 6,404 26,164 2,669 29,827 136,905 3,173 5,190 36,340 67 6S 95,749 27,616 46,784 61,817 12,852 48,965 70 4,292 2,647 2 25,069 28,643 46,312 8,193 2,316 22,120 10,550 24,391 72 73 Waterbury, Conn.... Elizabeth, N. J Schenectady, N. Y. . Hoboken, N. J Manchester, N. H. . . Evans ville, Ind Birmingham, Ala.... 4,923 12,106 11,224 395 6,337 6,337 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 93 94 96 97 98 99 100 102 103 104 105 45,624 2,191 2,646 2,831 5,116 31,887 34,693 1,417 SO, 000 13,200 17,600 13,200 17,600 11,000 11,000 ""5,606 J,,000 2,000 "Mnrfolk Va 5,000 Fort Worth, Tex.... Wilkes-Barre, Pa.... 7,920 7,616 108,190 220,000 983 220,000 983 24,295 Savannah, Ga 50,567 2,354 8,988 38,892 2,333 2,333 34,288 66,832 23,700 21,637 14,138 12,038 34,288 8,651 3,542 21,637 Harrisburg, Pa Fort Wayne, Ind.... Charleston, S. C Portland, Me EastSt. Louis, 111... Holyoke, Mass Brockton, Mass Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla. Bayonne, N. J Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind 58,181 20,168 17,452 25,529 11,745 3,756 "'i,'445 7,343 5,707 5,707 640 14,138 21,133 U,0S8 e) 9,328 (3) 29,924 31,571 19,161 24,228 9,328 82,133 476,808 43,138 22,346 47,412 76,708 33,160 73,987 82,133 6,500 6,650 10,226 799 78,708 3,700 9,401 471,308 30,771 6,717 12,120 6,717 12,120 8,774 37,839 29,460 Allentown, Pa Pawtucket, K. I 64,586 31,634 876 1,847 28,911 28,911 1 Exclusive of roadways m parks. 92775°— 13 11 2 Base laid by contract, surface laid by city. ' Not reported. 162 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 22.— HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF STREET ' PAVEMENTS LAID BY CON- TRACTORS AND BY CITY EMPLOYEES DURING THE YEAR: 1909— Continued. [Cities that laid no pavements in 1909 are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85, For a text discussion of this table, see page 70. Figm'es printed iu italics are estimates.] aiY. ALL PAVEMENTS. DURABLE PAVEMENTS. NONDUBABLE PAVEUENTS. 1 Total. By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. Total. Sheet asphalt. Granite and Bel- gian block. Brick. Other. Total. By con- tractors. By city 1 3 By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. By con- tractors. By city em- ployees. em- ployees. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Springfield, ni Binghamton, N. Y.. Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Littte Rock, Ark.... Springfield, Ohio Atlantic City, N.J... Bay City, Mich Rockford.Ill York, Pa 69,673 143,740 199,488 106,641 12,748 24,867 14,412 106,977 28,521 100,830 81,371 68,737 27,000 29,319 85,398 77,721 303,406 63,129 30,886 S7,m 104,498 32,497 21,849 140,593 67,961 262,067 36,001 21,170 15,635 27,566 101,861 1,814 174,600 17,463 63,199 20,078 42,570 138,035 10,678 18,899 70,568 32,400 8,615 14,542 12,721 10,558 7,998 47,929 24,073 11,642 59,000 69,673 143,740 199,488 106,541 12,748 24,857 14,412 105,977 28,521 100,830 81,371 68,737 27,000 29,319 85,398 77,721 303,406 7,862 59,673 143,740 199,488 106,641 12,748 11,026 14,412 106,977 26,186 83,078 81,371 28,733 27,000 29,319 45,638 77,721 31,945 43,868 1,000 45,898 13,776 143,740 45,370 92,801 12,748 3,242 107 108 135,782 13,740 18,336 109 110 111 7,783 13,832 13,832 112 14,412 21,600 113 84,377 11,746 23,904 35,517 2,593 114 14,440 69,174 2,336 17,762 2,336 17,762 115 116 45,854 26,140 27,000 117 40,004 40,004 118 119 Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Tenn. . Topeka, T^ana Sacramento, Cal Haverhill, Mass Salem, Mass 29,319 26,734 77,721 120 18,904 39,760 39,760 121 122 31,946 271,461 9,261 29,886 37,074 271,461 124 45,267 30,886 S7,074 2,178 1,000 7,862 33,828 9,261 29 886 1?6 127 New Britain, Coim. . . Davenport, Iowa McKeesport, Pa Wheeling, W.Va.... Augusta, Ga S7,07i 128 104,498 32,497 21,849 16,906 57,961 104,498 32,497 21,849 16,906 31,140 73,368 32,497 17,962 16,906 129 130 3,887 131 123,687 US, 687 57,961 m,6S7 1.32 Superior, Wis Newton, Mass Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont 67,961 133 252,067 252,067 9,364 21,170 15,635 27,566 78,455 414 11,800 17,463 68,337 20,078 42,570 113,535 10,678 18,899 4,861 32,400 7,024 4,301 12,721 10,558 7,278 1,427 7,218 11,642 59,000 252,067 134 36,001 21,170 15,635 27,666 101,861 414 174,600 9,364 16, 116 7,479 8,446 1,066 414 11,800 26,637 26,637 1,SS 6,055 136 Chester, Pa 8,166 19,121 63,476 137 Kalamazoo, Mich — Montgomery, Ala Woonsocket, R. I. . . Galveston, Tex Fitchburg, Mass Racine, Wis 138 20,131 3,783 23,406 1,400 162,800 23,406 139 1,400 1,400 140 162,800 141 17,463 10,552 6,911 142 63,199 20,078 42,570 113,535 10,678 18,899 4,861 32,400 8,615 20,680 37,166 20,078 42,570 8,568 10,678 18,899 1,833 10,000 5,269 491 4,862 4,862 143 Elmira,N.Y Quincy,IU 144 145 ICnoxviUe, Tenn Newcastle, Pa Macon, Ga 24,500 104,732 236 24,500 24,500 146 147 148 Auburn, N.Y WestHoboken, N. J. Joliet,™ 65,707 3,028 66,707 65,707 li9 3,000 19,400 160 1,755 1,591 10,241 1,591 151 Taunton, Mass Everett, Mass Oshkosh,Wis Chelsea, Mass Joplin, Mo 14,542 12,721 4,301 9,665 10,241 152 3,066 "" '6,628 153 10,558 602 9,956 154 7,998 660 720 46,502 16,855 720 I.M 47,929 24,073 11,642 59,000 1,427 7,218 9,806 51,600 46,602 16,855 166 La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. 167 1,836 7,600 158 , ' Exclusive of roadways in parks. GENERAL TABLES. 163 Table 23.— HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OP SHEET-ASPHALT PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909. [Cities for wMch no complete record by years was obtained are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 72.] PAVEMENT LAID— In all years. Prior to 1900 In 1900 In 1901 In 1902 In 1903 In 1904 In 1905 In 1906 In 1907 In 1908 In 1909 Grand total.. Group I Group 11 Group III Group IV New York, N.Y... Chicago, 111 PWladelphia, Pa. . . St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio..., Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y Newark.N. J , New Orleans, La. . . Washington,]}. C. 60,396,394 22,727,644 3,223,427 2,627,429 2,312,769 4, 189, 185 3,916,438 4,238,855 3,769,158 4,082,267 4,703,244 4,615,978 41,864,955 8,066,755 7, 529, 184 2,936,600 15,966,981 3,919,079 2,129,284 722,300 2,374,402 218,661 528, 185 102,279 1,713,064 275,562 555,704 83,109 1,668,935 286,220 293,265 64,369 3,165,871 308,699 491,638 233,077 2,749,671 347,265 672,374 147, 128 3,205,434 304,233 648,929 180,269 2,529,966 421,274 612,528 296,390 2,298,644 802,476 659,659 321,488 3,109,785 738,357 561,269 293,843 3,102,202 444,039 576,469 493,268 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 113,445,867 7,496,800 7,031,225 1,279,685 319,445 346,282 443,651 1,350,116 4,635,488 1,"040,917 1,630,933 2 2,944,647 3,876,972 1,016,480 3,713,283 267,931 124,753 146,646 209,339 603,397 3,603,036 605,201 143,919 1,747,025 601,651 438,720 461,343 32,232 16,639 18,474 43,452 293,015 247,226 124,260 97,600 639,300 106,400 481,707 5,649 73,840 46,030 16,820 27,124 40,808 111,576 63,845 110,965 682,062 359,200 253,089 7,923 7,420 11,948 31,270 36,788 85,210 69, 138 19,654 105,333 1,811,623 779,360 267,041 105,782 3,453 7,398 18,640 40,289 26,294 1,432 9,908 94,651 1,226,992 670,240 162,989 283,366 10, 182 57,667 70,318 179,405 88,522 1,245,708 776,000 238,276 109,069 7,890 122,376 116,978 83,516 3,669 408,789 93,274 869,240 832,960 182, 170 203,640 5,556 6,468 1,542 162,989 66,076 111,955 117,381 666,940 906,660 339,015 68,620 45,983 14, 162 21,660 45,380 90,69q 105,286 104,348 1,106,902 605,167 706,965 156, 701 4,666 24,308 85,47f 115,877 148,229 156,504 838,477 1,005,713 235,347 39,792 19,173 91,332 3,530 240,676 70,651 2,775 325,793 229,044 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Minneapolis, Minn Loa Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Indianapolis, Ind Providence, fe. I Rochester, N. Y .^t. Pan! Minn 163,753 1,239,040 469,060 1,319,534 90,055 5 1,063,062 * 643, 701 397,738 498,270 12,698 167,895 69,329 124,946 1,130,932 7,621 7,163 147,523 76,780 446,675 47,300 129,105 251,626 926, 169 80,727 640,273 192,036 59,633 266,444 7,820 12,991 66,681 38,609 682,688 700 7,163 101,690 35,191 372,245 3,178 1,687 11,147 18,730 32,948 111,688 106,665 36,814 21,671 18 38,887 11,920 6,403 6,1,S6 12,066 49,530 5,280 49,905 105,380 47,402 6,172 121,846 8,149 62,439 2,816 40,309 41,230 11,707 16, 756 133,512 10,307 6,176 176 28,632 26,888 322,294 17,997 107,635 352 52,973 46, 187 62,500 64,628 369,309 33,922 37,071 352 20,966 19,143 116,239 36,843 2,130 11,945 66,667 19 21 ?4 46,586 10,825 352 38,304 40,164 26 ?6 23,232 51,785 22, 133 100,892 1,236 6,288 4,878 34,417 46,010 11,112 100,315 9,895 28 Pnrt.lann Orp.g 100,022 76,475 ?<) Columbus, Ohio Worcester, Mass Atlanta, Ga, 8,830 4,140 15,694 ^1 !)■> 12,577 32,162 2,648 30,058 37,609 22,982 10,402 4,091 38,273 34 New Haven, Conn , 16 31,281 62,602 12, 793 92,024 12,205 68,904 37 48, 179 23,967 6,798 24,219 43,230 51,812 4,440 38 Fall River, Mass 2,481 42 Grand Rapids, Mich. . . 16,027 3,379 5,397 17,929 1,490 8,689 11,961 16,650 7,392 8,428 ■ 8,320 21,270 46 Davton Ohio 33,385 1,636 1 The areas reported are exclusive of 292,104 square yards between street car tracks. 2 The areas reported are exclusive of 425,000 square yards between street car tracts, a The areas reported are exclusive of 2,397 square yards between street car tracks. * The areas reported are exclusive of 33,327 square yards between street car tracts. 164 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 23.— HIGHWAYS— AKEA (SQUARE YARDS) OF SHEET-ASPHALT PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909— Continued. [Cities for which no complete record by years was obtained are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 72.] i CITY. PAVEMENT LAID— a In all years. Prior to 1900 In 1900 In 1901 In 1902 Inl90S In 1904 In 1905 In 1906 In 1907 In 1908 In 1909 GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany,N.Y 175,957 36,240 363,646 199,000 139,298 167,429 11,406 378,605 121,326 16,934 7,877 279,386 6,707 247,732 122,107 728,396 210,322 10,410 398,863 1,044,143, 649,462 4,001 427,864 65,648 153,980 140,814 251,490 510,036 87,790 12,746 77,285 156,748 33,652 65,038 86,-882 262,065 110,647 36,240 52,437 87,160 139,298 139,738 3,624 6,337 21,881 31,606 2,863 48 Bridgeport, Conn Spokane, Wash Hartford, Conn 49 55,889 63,784 15,034 23,169 54,540 8,188 2,903 10,216 27,167 100,563 44,897 ,50 16,699 ,51 Reading, Pa .W San Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass Camden, N. J 27,691 .54 10,891 515 55 241,364 2,668 48,457 44,883 6,087 21,027 96,439 8,494 20, 238 Sfi Dallas, Tex 14,918 3,883 .59 Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo 7,440 60 4,848 3,029 61 29,239 52,344 76,814 20,074 22,854 33,768 44,302 62 6,707 63 144,132 96,609 20,647 5,230 12,901 19,609 232 22,586 5,874 146,590 21,730 220 157,411 34,085 5,274 918 48,488 23,466 953 64 Troy, N\ Y 1,455 40,560 11,569 153,061 2,330 1,950 16,301 68,040 33,685 66 Tacoma, Wash 183, 286 67 Yoimgstown, Ohio Somervflle, Mass Kansas City, ICans Utioa, N. Y 64,032 6,708 45,641 7,290 107,746 60,132 68,333 16, 945 _ 12,721 6,404 70 1,170 18,963 48,372 89,200 71 33,772 473,201 91,976 4,001 137,768 36,666 21,190 8,037 84,900 8,353 41,218 55,823 45,072 2,588 59,582 41,853 4,827 50,736 66,696 28,643 72 70,479 37,581 46,312 45,624 75 80 Schenectady, N. Y Akron, Ohio 81 Norfolk, Va 45,140 179,065 8,159 167,354 13,381 24,765 4,066 82 Fort Worth, Tex Wakes-Barre, Pa flava7lTla1^ Ga , 10,146 16,735 16,683 7,920 83 146,364 7,616 85 140,814 Sfi Peoria, Dl 173,918 96,817 36,362 5,088 30,132 36,560 2,886 34,578 61,266 19,268 6,727 57,349 1,607 76,917 12,996 12,746 88 <\ Haverliill, Mass 33,82S ^'*'i 13,383 25,504 1'>7 3,580 907 62,624 128 133 316.800 3,500 67,276 252 067 137 TTa.lfLTnaznn, Mich 43,531 10,882 I?** 885 498 2,141 111 6,911 143 Elmira N Y 11,789 30,637 20,768 235 ^A^ Auburn, N. Y..; 9,883 17,068 149 West Hoboken, N.J 19,400 151 5.091 2.066 10,748 1.925 l'i'> Everett, Mass . GENERAL TABLES. 167 Table 25.— HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OP CREOSOTED WOOD-BLOCK PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909. [Cities for whicli no complete record by years was obtained are omitted from tliis table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with tlie number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 72. Figures printed In italics are estimates.) Grand total Group I Group II Group III Group IV New Yorl Chicago, I Philadeip: St. Louis, Boston, M Baltimore Clereland Detroit, \ &Iilwauk>e Newark, I New Orlei Minneapo Jersey Cit Kansas C Indianapc Seattle, Y( St. Paul, Portland, Columbus Worcestei Atlanta, ( New Hav Paterson, Grand Bs Bridgepoi Dallas, Tc Springfiel Bes Moini Iltioa, N. Hoboken, Norfolk, A Terre Hai Holyoke, Bayoune, South Bei Mobile, A Sioux City, Iowa. . . Springfield, Ohio. . . Atlantic City, N.J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Davenport, Iowa. . . Woonsocket, R. I . . Galveston, Tex JopliQ, Mo La Crosse, Wis PAVEMENT LAID— In all years. 12,642,052 11,000,587 11.239,174 1201,119 1101,172 Prior to 1900 291,550 19,8 213,0 68, 626 In 1900 16,748 1,295 14,217 1,236 In 1901 59,914 19,556 40,358 In 1902 68,972 1,152 46,148 12,672 In 190.3 100,390 41,848 60,654 7,501 In 1904 209,566 87,112 102,432 16,512 3,510 In 1905 199,046 130,913 61,610 16,523 In 1906 248,908 127,414 89,667 12,319 )9,508 In 1907 361,229 176, 106 141,111 29,759 14,263 In 1908 643,119 209,528 286,973 41,640 4,978 In 1909 462,700 186,775 203,968 62,957 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1 NewYork,N.Y 1466,955 178,320 55,000 55,564 55,709 33,692 19,888 89,122 34,320 5,796 8,331 1,162 13,121 50,633 9,120 117,460 3,200 97,330 11,840 96,971 9,120 66,114 87,024 24,174 2 Chicago, lU 56,016 3 Phihidelphia, Pa 55,000 4 St. Louis, Mo 24,580 2,820 1,327 25,229 5,745 5 Boston, Mass 1,295 19,440 116 10,704 7,540 9,716 15,997 5,722 6,012 fi Baltimore, Md 852 '" 7,760 7 Cleveland, Ohio 19,888 9 Detroit, Mich 2,493 19,990 24,312 50,668 15,971 13 MUwauk-ee, Wis 10,008 14 Newark.N.J 1,278 4,518 15 New Orleans, La 8,331 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Minneapolis, Miim Jersey City, N. J 636,139 33,281 5,670 396,017 4,36« 16,399 40,092 6,160 531 51,333 18,999 19,244 10,949 13,426 31,015 58,429 44,838 75,727 103,334 166,032 4,497 1^,338 19 28,784 ■20 Kansas City, Mo 5,670 10,050 ?1 TTiHin.Ti(^iv>li Utica, N. Y 1,849 76 Hoboken N .T 2,646 Norfolk Va 2,000 91 Tflire Haute Ind 12,672 4,531 2,037 5,859 1,383 9,228 1,420 9S 2,300 1,23B 103 Moliilp Ala i4,486 13,700 29,460 GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 112 114 115 120 128 139 140 165 156 16,122 3,807 3,767 1,461 1,265 2,090 68,626 2,888 11, 146 58,626 16,122 1,461 1,925 3,767 'i'265' 9,221 2,090 The areas reported are exclusive of 802 square yards between street car tracks. 168 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 26.— HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OP BRICK PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909. [Cities for which no complete record by years was obtained are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this tabte, see page 72.J PAVEMENT LAID— In all years. Prior to 1900 In 1900 In 1901 In 1902 In 1903 In 1901 In 1905 In 1906 In 1907 In 1908 In 1909 Grand total. . Group I Group II Group in Group IV Chicago, 111 Philadelpliia, Pa. . . St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich Buflalo.N. Y Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N.J New Orleans, La. . . Wasliington, D. C. 36,994,578 12,310,536 1,608,052 1,563,640 1,872,324 1,761,470 2,264,309 2,373,307 2,526,644 3,286,901 3,776,170 3,663,225 15,533,878 7,591,722 8,250,997 6,617,981 4,721,636 2, 794, 891 2,594,331 2,199,678 652,594 279,314 311,772 364,372 692,739 229,847 463,239 277,815 227,245 436,732 216,298 756,706 230,310 636,881 238,673 1,038,349 268,891 668,432 278,637 1,055,695 453,492 642,966 321,264 1,075,872 649,605 640,262 260,905 1,367,787 764,312 779,344 374,468 1,673,484 1,111,540 691,022 399,124 1,707,067 682,275 687,026 686,857 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1,323,040 2,688,459 2,966,674 21,891 217,582 4,493,765 2,114,378 383,436 560,695 673,617 177,936 22,415 261,440 1,936,966 266,498 830 17,600 1,236,704 698,971 131,985 28,689 54, 199 166,340 22,415 147,360 118,857 37,396 11,476 253,734 27,745 23,210 31,334 1,483 115,040 82,837 76,299 1,057 24,782 233,423 28,914 16,013 14,374 177,760 62,272 393,015 1,606 26,929 178,774 69,674 1,701 43,893 37,625 105,600 38,858 122,522 2,043 226,087 100, 157 43,251 49, 102 39,040 13,678 296,127 3,223 464,463 122,259 13,398 49,992 36, 179 50,240 40,713 283,976 10,222 414,333 129,392 13,338 56,697 57, 184 45,280 31,860 337,383 221 30,822 263,956 179,576 28,965 31,804 117, 167 8,858 16,480 51,393 351,019 179 23,757 424,023 293,489 66,207 61,349 89,891 146,719 123,524 222,202 256 20,800 411,363 372,964 50,874 100, 139 125,643 219,081 87,502 580,238 17,842 46,928 387,906 191,237 10,017 70,896 2,738 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 18 Minneapolis, Minn Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Indianapolis, Ind Seattle, Wash 341, 720 75,797 11,756 1,044,519 293,183 7,872 784,326 1195,214 11,088 2,491,622 11,534 146,831 123,686 137,207 723,107 2,278 634,735 35,376 3,116 616,855 49, 712 10,778 64,757 26,450 13,231 35,128 61,417 38,374 1,500 10,924 6,303 21,128 3,327 3,380 128,615 45,608 22,522 52,993 8,022 189,514 41,794 8,077 896 19 354 21 ''I 405,317 17,268 13,354 46,640 26,129 29,568 42,055 5,104 52,530 20,288 23,922 15,776 69,509 12,992 76,406 75,513 ?4 Providence, R.I Rochester, N.Y 7,421 103,145 54, 204 1,950 1,296,286 4,050 35, 601 29,764 70,207 228, 156 741 91,874 32,090 1,272 372,323 461 25 6,268 36,649 10,136 12,729 23,047 35,899 28,225 40,401 40,026 3,978 4,150 34,531 1,137 104,629 147,542 1,851 182,087 3,422 88,999 6,081 60,222 'S Portland, Oreg 4,988 83,365 145 W 4,316 13,518 24,388 21,406 181,603 129,924 466,930 4,527 4,480 245,256 11 Worcester, Mass... 1,675 34 New Haven, Conn 48,206 2,160 67,000 12,342 47, 784 41,285 10,341 6,076 419 3'i 260 25,349 7,152 12,650 36 V 28,691 6,166 68,654 38,350 105,572 144,090 1,537 37,546 102,0£i6 40 Riclunond, Va 42 43 Grand Rapids, Mich Na«shvillp, T^nn 12,930 8,749 24,123 2,416 52,566 17,670 84,949 30,929 74,905 98,494 870 44 1,844 7,458 46 Dayton, Ohio 7,428 4,336 i7,8i5 30,038 49,183 66,444 52,505 9,325 1 The areas reported are exclusive of 10,360 square yards between street car tracks. GENERAL TABLES. 169 Table 26 — ^HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF BRICK PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909— Continued. [Cities for which no complete record by years was obtained are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 72.] 1 a CITY. PAVEMENT LAID— In all years. Prior to 1900 InlilOO In 1901 Inl902 In 1903 In 1904 In 1905 In 1906 In 1907 In 1908 In 1909 GROUP III.- CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany, N.Y 560,260 90,592 15,665 7,490 9,276 2,679 226,987 86,140 569,620 278,454 171,233 478,408 6,640 968,753 13,356 192,131 785,312 32,858 76,384 270,487 342,519 880,188 335,479 82,433 4,084 404,888 41,489 25,196 872,603 4,926 312,818 73,652 36,974 1,965 278,933 5,883 4,710 17,478 1,848 24,295 17,929 15,711 4,740 12,652 8,826 47,852 4,251 6,465 32,010 8,451 27,631 13,776 25,384 11,876 11,498 7,447 3,150 56 816 4S 49 Bridgeport, Conn Spokane, Wash 6,' 666 1,340 53 San Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass Lynn, Mass 7,490 64 8,231 1,046 68 2,679 188,045 38,665 99,398 113,708 2,366 28,089 69 Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass St. Joseph, Mo. 10,164 16,834 12,730 6,768 14,600 16,328 19,848 11,063 12,649 16,844 12,621 4,113 2,080 58,904 6,959 875 483 66,737 6,316 6,763 78,864 788 70,008 60 455 73,807 24,184 56,402 129,763 1,173 18,210 474 51,094 5,675 34.356 78,362 63 59,427 65,012 41,519 17,707 7i,i9i 20,226 43 160 64 Troy,N.Y 10;864 29,827 66 Tacoma,Wash 67 Youngstown, Ohio Somerville, Mass Kansas City, Kans Utioa,N.Y 3,170 3,246 104,971 4,774 5,693 2,174 3,374 433 47,040 136,905 7U 71 72 214,738 2,229 37,963 350,000 20,000 193,103 317 6,162 15,000 99,632 158,928 60,994 2,936 3,719 36,940 60,000 8,193. 2,31fr 24,391 75 Schenectady, N. Y Akron, Ohio 23,642 22,275 18,528 32,226 28,301 100,636 7,245 47,688 3,266 35,000 m 42,587 12,858 80,000- 81 Norfolk, Va ■82 Fort Worth, Tex Wilkes-Barre, Fa Savaimah, Ga 14,080 1,833 61,313 27,544 32,124 1,366 27,104 18,600 33,309 23,033 73,036 i;342' 716 70,640 16,600 44,623 12,048 34,718 365 3,692 250 70,210 11,539 10,016 86,869 h;i 96,240 23,212 483,121 232,035 8,913 16,562 22,072 9,237 2,696 22,960 21,610 9,968 1,493 1,766 9,736 48,631 65,233 21,087 33,311 46,195 10,166 11,988 34,398 15,533 24,333 61,064 5,963 18,605 24, 295 85 68,244 47,347 9,180 6,98& 34,288 3,542 21 637 86 Peoria, 111 . 88 89 Fort Wayne, Ind Charleston, S. C 90 Portland, Me 530 22,823 21,632 183 640^ 91 Terre Haute, Ind Holyoke, Mass 19,812 73,100 148,303 93 3,647 4,771 98 Bayonne, N. J 9,531 12,277 825 97,378 5,650 799. 100 101 South Bend. Ind Passaio,N. J 312,562 70,837 78,476 55,501 64,515 16,344 106,520 67,973 4,100 17,726 10? Altoona, Pa 12,905 1,041 14,952 8,990 728 55,000 97,342 76,708 3,700 103 Mobile, Ala 104 3,060 4,210 4,366 2,715 11,663 1,559 9,401 ins Pawtucket, E.I 1,965 GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 107 108 110 111 112 113 115 118 U9 120 121 123 130 131 134 135 137 139 140 142 143 145 148 150 152 155 156 157 158 Saginaw, Mich Canton, Ohio Wichita, Kans Binghamton, N. Y . . Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Rock, Ark Atlantic City, N. J. . . York, Pa Lincoln, Nebr Chattanooga, Term. . . Topeka, ICans , Maiden, Mass , Wheeling, W.Va Augusta, Ga Dubuque, Iowa Butte, Mont Kalamazoo, Mich Woonsocket. R.I Galveston, Tex Racine, Wis Elniira,N. Y Enoxville, Tenn Auburn, N. Y Toliet,IU Everett, Mass Joplin, Mo La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. . 245,652 537,631 116,218 229,556 109,201 168,413 185,604 199,275 53,000 561,229 121,646 704, 704 1,666 450,154 U5,469 160,520 15,115 223,689 10,335 112,390 311,634 102,910 85, 786 33,886 88,768 3,056 105,325 150, 793 153,386 271,280 112, 227, 43, 42, 100, 25, 23, 63, 508, 116, 323, 1, 115,842 31, 37, 61, 1,917 ;,'566' 610 414 838 72,076 74,902 97,834 18,509 19,218 14,926 30,071 22,847 60,600 '33,'866' 16,298 "6," 340' 3,865 'i9,6i3 68,355 61,530 21,421 26,134 16,362 447 22,948 ' '4,'66i' 98,660 'i5,'999' 996 53,574 13,448 2,421 10,332 18,227 5,441 1,131 "36,"283' 82,133 1,666 33,599 9,480 11,504 1,550 1,750 6,670 19,471 12,445 9,176 14,329 1,564 22,964 8,680 '8,"276' 60,600 13,663 2,151 28,927 16,462 '"4," 802' 15,074 16,385 2,630 8,173 13, 192 6,860 '11629 69,342 "si.]m 6,119 "38," 383' 1,109 1,487 1,136 17,876 3,737 ,39, 538 2,865 16,312 14,060 18,940 27,066 60,332 26,330 11,578 7,850 45,966 6,675 13,366 43,098 139 8,443 379 26,081 4,794 11,366 34,656 14, 796 29,161 3,514 4,440 4,380 4,676 30,497 10,744 31,922 'i7,'664' 2,562 1,111 10,956 18,066 30,516 13,493 11,226 22,119 39,186 20,391 38,223 12,751 792 38,896 8,030 591 35,393 4,246 868 ,66,905 2,366 2,140 25,100 3,378 25,083 13,292 13,686 33,981 2,624 8,976 1,655 10,660 22,381 9,857 3,940 44,802 16,938 33,728 10,591 'i9,"4i9' 78,792 4,671 130 5,797 18,196 3,011 16,999 38,600 13,775 143, 740- 45,370 12, 748. 3,242 84,377 23,904 26,734 77,721 17,962 16,906 9,364 15,115 8,445 414 11,800 37,166^ 20,078 8,568 1,833 6,269 3,066 1,427 7,218 9,805 51,600 170 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 27.— HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF WATER-BOUND MACADAM PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909. {Cities for which no complete record by years was obtained are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 72.] PAVEMENT LAID — In all years. Prior to 1900 In 1900 In 1981 In 1902 In 1903 In 1901 In 1905 In 1906 In 1907 In 1908 In 1909 Grand total Groupl Group II Group III Group IV 53,042,015 35,851,418 1, 926, 110 1,720,359 1,570,822 2, 290, 851 1,650,406 1,641,727 1,535,458 1,666,836 1, 935, 283 1,262,745 25,254,064 13,342,400 7,316,689 7, 128, 862 17,989,049 9,539,799 4,573,620 3,748,960 708, 118 279,469 356,449 583,074 640,284 408, 133 363,398 308,544 617,325 318,372 299, 772 335, 353 1,249,596 344,199 332,847 364,209 680,276 392,019 291,312 306,799 789,318 292,486 177, 858 382,065 827, 472 329,663 172,275 206,048 560, 616 523,484 311,306 271,431 666,698 583,407 246,458 439,720 546,312 331,369 192,395 182,669 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OB, OVEE IN 1909. Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa St. Louis, Mo... Baltimore, Md . . Cleveland J Ohio. Buflalo, ^t.Y... Milwaukee, Wis. Newark, N.J... 9,106,560 3, 147, 414 5,844,327 645,075 27,989 297,937 5, 778, 821 405,941 4,973,440 2,022,182 5,377,383 12,202 212,770 5,277,341 113,751 324,000 155,004 194,304 4,084 26,813 3,933 314,400 171, 292 107,078 3,365 2,534 30,081 11,534 411,040 105,301 22,810 4,863 5,948 27,342 40,033 321,920 269, 197 28,301 526,039 25,980 78, 159 463,840 63,443 16,283 7,392 42,750 56,853 9,736 623,360 46,126 24,461 4,479 41,096 49,798 695,520 27,014 14,362 31,127 24,312 7,007 28,130 300,160 118, 221 17,741 36,636 1,643 87,215 342, 154 93,093 46,886 3,677 116,676 63,212 336,726 76,542 19,219 16,744 61,295 35,786 GROUP II.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 01 Miimeapolis, Minn IndianapoUs, Ind Providence, 5k. I Rochester, N. Y .<;* Pftnl MiTin 259,001 209,483 3,531,616 386,219 728,494 204,957 143,510 881,414 1,171,230 1,462,334 63,454 613,500 30,391 176,527 2,847,060 615, 105 19,105 72,450 90,141 3,190,000 220,102 207,938 16,799 43,244 484,618 942,197 1,462,334 29,020 302,440 14, 155 81,218 2,220,200 162,943 8,822 44,756 10,020 28,605 21,183 26,400 9,078 22,611 39,240 10,490 41,786 18,116 22,586 39,278 36,376 17,616 101,092 43,651 14,122 24,077 2,364 16,992 4,426 53,364 3,520 11,080 158,600 10,620 5,617 17,952 42,870 71,742 13,999 35,946 86,914 12,987 38,361 24 25 Ofi 41,431 12, 393 63,008 9,457 29,216 22,933 2,800 43,651 3,173 21, 994 6,362 40,656 6,429 33,726 47,617 18,606 8,580 44,000 33,261 85,250 40,057 44,735 29 Coliunbiis, Oliio Worcester, Mass New Haven, Conn 3,010 30,338 57,219 15,020 31 34 60,234 37,194 54,471 87,843 34,238 937 34,164 8,375 37 730 47,728 10,834 22,678 4,108 9,386 22,039 50,276 7,370 6,218 26,302 8,165 4,522 48,003 2,682 1,400 43,186 10,730 33,966 38 40 Fall Eiver, Mass 15,230 1,381 11, 193 22,371 69,220 34,598 23,628 16,862 42 Grand Rapids, Mich Nashville, Tenn 45,384 18,280 38,476 5,561 134,200 38,638 11,165 168,080 49,196 11,735 12,620 87,720 65,906 20,625 58,977 32,530 38,869 121, 115 44 54,537 70 GENERAL TABLES. 171 Table 27.— HIGHWAYS— AREA (SQUARE YARDS) OF WATER-BOUND MACADAM PAVEMENTS IN SPECIFIED CITIES AT THE CLOSE OP THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR IN WHICH LAID: 1909— Continued. JCities for which no complete record by years waa obtained are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 72. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 1 CITT. PATEMENT t.ATn— B In all years. Prior to 1900 In 1900 In 1901 In 1902 In 1903 In 1904 In 1905 In 1906 In 1907 In 1908 In 1909 GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany, N.Y 113,239 1,672,000 940, 443 75,166 287,595 1,206,564 461,711 53,643 6,172 15,227 791,413 33,183 9,696 34,949 82,133 107,087 24,642 983 14,912 17,264 81,026 167,376 268,250 14,836 498,960 10,000 329,519 54,871 1,145,760 685,156 862 56,042 60,288 4,375 70,462 38,572 37,277 43,400 41,690 8,580 45,553 2,043 2,990 32,999 20,627 5,261 16,016 63,474 16,148 1,661 37,627 36,478 66,147 2,623 62,677 25,925 3,758 4,647 47,288 6,688 60 Hartford, Conn . . . 91,007 46,044 49,433 29,236 47,040 55,484 54 67 Now Bedford, Mass Salt Lake City, Utah.... Wilmington, Del Springfield, Mass! 69 231,283 551,573 264,048 52,743 7,096 75,131 26,439 4,837 99,561 38,785 9,977 60, 425 26,672 4,130 104,259 25,895 4,362 45,689 17,941 3,966 48,327 18,255 2,283 '60 62 60,046 15,325 800 49,892 6,615 64 Troy, N.Y •6« Tacoma, Wash 6,172 67 Youngstown, Ohio Somervine, Mass Kansas City, Kans Utica,N.Y 16,227 562,755 11,581 3,018 70 37,846 26,444 79,301 35, 787 17,600 5,011 8,213 23,467 16,691 71 72 866 14,035 5,712 4,317 '76 Schenectady, N.Y E vansville, Ind 12,284 4,313 78 82,133 66,087 •SO Akron, Ohio 41,000 81 Norfolk, Va 24,542 83 Wilkes-Barre, Pa Savannah, Ga 983 ■86 14,912 ■86 Peoria, lU 5,525 14,447 6,520 30, 494 11,739 10,242 22,198 29, 772 89 Charleston, S.C 27,709 66,098 99,640 16, 7M 4,332 362 2,997 6,647 19,609 2,683 570 12,200 12,361 10,891 6,707 93 Holvoke, Mass 11,320 21,809 9,903 3,166 16,296 35,853 948 94 Brockton, Mass> South Bend, Ind Passaic, N. J 32,110 100 101 498,960 5,000 235,066 10? Altoona, Pa .6,000 25,784 106 Pawtucket, R. I 2,628 8,049 11,499 6,899 2,792 17,583 19,219 lOfi 371,824 6,393 38,870 388,117 1,135,139 34,407 9,387 230,905 19,507 10,000 26,048 1,616,854 1,061,271 7,466 147,448 62,064 73,626 eB4,BlS 289,760 383,539 692,034 215,461 8,655 3,561 16, 765 19,676 13,818 6,976 4,490 5,175 78,248 6,393 108 Wichita, Kans 109 PpriTipfielkfnrd^ Til 63,198 104,737 6,833 98,248 66,854 89,573 84,218 40,559 17,762 40,004 117 87,558 80,097 67,620 6,304 66,006 120 Chattanooga, Tenn 121 124 Haverhill Mass 33,296 18,538 15,442 17,330 6,342 2,177 12,083 16,216 9,261 125 129 10,000 26,048 936,320 1,001,343 130 WheeUng, W. Va 133 281,600 86,827 1,960 77,440 9,981 70,400 667 23,467 7,088 93,867 3,118 46,933 7,757 134 2,730 26,637 137 Kalamazoo, Mich Fitchburg, Mass Kacine Wis 7,466 IS, 101 141 48,257 6,970 46,616 6,174 21,400 4,541 277 7,392 14,360 11,611 7,846 12,642 2,554 142 4,862 Elmira N Y 50,244 114.986 1^794 237,839 314,512 2,667 49,280 21, 159 17,650 37,604 20,715 49,280 10,515 6,900 34,761 148 Auburn, N. Y 49, m 50,407 2,630 49,B80 63,294 14,000 29,843 49,280 49,280 49,280 49,280 49,280 65,707 IBO Joliet III 1,691 152 8,200 63,481 14,780 23,813 11,840 9,516 2,000 33,629 67, 700 28,220 156 T,a Crosse Wis 16,866 ^ The areas reported are exclusive of 13,815 square yards between street car tracks. 172 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 28.— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH, AREA, AND AVERAGE WIDTH OF ALLEYS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OF SURFACE: 1909. [Cities haying no alleys reported are omitted from this tablp. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85.„ For a text discussion of this table, see page 74. Figures printed in italics arc estimates.] Grand total Group I. . . . Group II. . Group III. Group IV. ALL ALLEYS. a ■7,329.3 12,861.9 2,177.0 1,370.8 919.6 161,019,999 124,688,285 18,286,516 12,229,898 6,816,300 14.1 14.1 14.4 16.5 11.1 Total. 1470.3 181.1 50.3 PAVED ALLEYS. With durable pavements. 17,264,694 14,961,532 1,498,761 463,663 340,748 Granite and Belgian block. 156.1 89.1 46.4 11.7 1,339,966 810,067 355,653 93,070 81,176 Brick. 282.9 160.7 74.9 30.8 26.6 3,qffl,666 1,947,446 592,822 287,791 230,606 Asphalt and asphalt block. 19.1 14.2 2.5 1, 0.5 146,074 104,385 19,638 18,678 3,375 All other. 192.2 124.3 58.3 5.9 3.7 1,810,389 1,190,034 530,640 64,124 26,691 With non- durable pave- ments. 209.8 71.8 77.8 44.9 15.3 •^^ 1,669,096 603,350 563,377 428,476 183,893 UNPAVED ALLEYS. 6,378.2 2,319.8 1,918.1 1,275.6 864.7 52,086,209. 19,223,403 16,233,388 11,337,769 5,291,669- GEOUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OH OVER IN 1909. ? Chicago, III 1,434.9 362.2 4.8 116.2 S7.O 7.7 S.O ^48S.O 2.1 m 10,044,230 3,381,766 24,834 816,759 e, 014,10s 61,173 29,4B4 m i 4,341,600 18,630 96e,7S6 12.0 16.6 8.7 12.0 60.2 172.9 4.8 110.6 421,060 1,674,353 24,834 766,226 10.6 73.9 1.8 0.1 73,780 706,419 9,794 966 39.6 97.5 0.1 1.6 276,860 966, 534 528 8,666 10.1 0.1 2.8 0.2 70,420 762 14,414 764 71.7 501,900 1,303.0 179.3 9,121,280 4 St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md Pittsburgh, Pa Detroit, Mich BuffaIo,N.Y San Francisco, Cal. . . Cincinnati, Ohio Milwaukee, Wis Newark,N.J Washington, D.C.... 1.4 0.1 108.6 11,638 755,850 1,707,413 •i 6 6.7 50,533- S 9 18.6 11.4 9.9 22.6 3.4 B.9 247,437 23,166 n,o^3 11.2 0.1 120,262 624 0.2 0.7 2,114 6,674 11.2 126,061 434.4 4.3 S.l 4, 766, 666- in 2.6 17,068 28,007 t2,4Sl S.9 17, OSS 1' 13 15.3 16.0 92.0 1.0 909,600 8,680 869,163 0.2 2,060 'I. 5,650 679,442 % m 9,667 0.1 m «300 280,064 S90.0 1.0 S,/3«,a»' 14 16 0.1 1,450 '8 500 96, 67S- GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 Minneapolis, Minn. . . Los Angeles, Cal Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Indianapolis, Ind Louisville, Ky Seattle, Wash Providence, R. I Rochester, N. Y St. Paul, Minn 329.8 25.8 C) es.e n 167.0 1.4 263.6 407. B %.. 1.9 W <0.3 180.0 113.1 46.5 1.0 137.9 2.9 254.7 S,09e.S4S 181,632 512,417 1,187,678 12.509 S, W, 925 2,222,238 1,383,884 ''' 489 1,699,918 1,061,911 387,200 1,173 970,816 26,460 2,383,723 16.9 12.0 4.6 2.8 42,362 19,712 1.1 10,361 2.9 2.8 26,912 19,712 0.1 694 0.4 4,496 325.3 23.0 3,054,191 161,920 19 20 21 14.1 22.4 183,029 0.6 4,919 20.3 165,307 0.6 5,329 0.9 7,474 0.2 1,916 40.0 327,482 22 23 12.3 62.3 447,661 20.1 141,604 39.6 287,220 0.1 563 2.6 18,374 18.9 133,267 8S.S e08,7SO- 16.6 20.4 9.3 1.4 3.6 13.0 12,609 41,584 117,217 0.5 0.6 1.6 5,626 6,036 14,715 0.1 2.8 O.S 619 33,167 4,154 0.3 0.1 2,433 2,026 0.6 0.1 10.9 3,932 357 98,348 26 27 0.1 4.2 1,320 37,821 259.9 390.0 3, Its, 021 2,067,200- 29 Columbus, Ohio Toledo Onio 30 12.9 2.8 0.2 21,761 0.5 3,982 1.9 0.2 15,024 (^5 0.4 2,765 178.6 1.7 1,.%2,123 33 Syracuse, N. Y New Haven, Conn. . . m 36 37 39 40 41 Paterson.N. J Omaha, Nebr Memphis, Tenn Richmond, Va Oakland Cal 3.0 16.2 16.9 14.1 2.1 12.0 15.0 16.9 0.3 5.0 3.1 16.5 489 57,218 29,378 123,200 0.1 3.9 97 46,425 0.2 0.1 0.6 392 95 5,350 ilo 110.0 30.0 1.0 83.1 2.7 212.0 1,642,700- 1,032,533 264,000^ 1,173 0.4 0.6 6,681 6,256 0.6 2.0 6,117 18,772 • 16.5 123,200 43 Nashville, Tenn 0.4 0.2 42.7 7,091 1,800 393,750 .0.4 7,091 54.4 379,053 584,672 23,660 0.2 40.1 1,800 371,97) 46 Dayton, Ohio 2.6 21,779 1,989,973. 1 Kinds of material not reported for a portion of this total. * Not reported. s Reported with streets. * Exclusive of alleys with unpaved surface. GENERAL TABLES. 173 Table 28.— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH, AREA, AND AVERAGE WIDTH OF ALLEYS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OP SURFACE: 1909— Continued. {Cities having no aUeys reported are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 74. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] PAVED ALLEYS. XTNPAVED IJ ALLEYS. With durable pavements. With non- durable pave- CI7T. ^ f Total. Granite and Belgian block. Brick. Asphalt and asphalt block. AU other. ments. ■s s 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 a. "1 J3 3 £ If 1 S3 1 1 a k ? 1 1 1 ^ ij s^ S 1-1 r S tA r S -< a S < 1 < GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany, N.Y Spokane, Wash Reading, Pa 0.4 0.4 200.0 1.2 167.4 1.0 94.6 P) 201.2 5.0 60.6 P) >2.0 11.0 7.1 99.5 16.0 70.6 (')3.3 ^3 10.9 48.9 176.1 19.4 P) P) (3) 4,200 3,520 1,056,000 1,290,667 8,099 1,371,003 8,218 966,581 P) 2,360,260 36,605 449,870 P) 24,003 4,840 79,967 m 148,929 662,700 30,080 P) 1,001,766 92,000 440,980 2,062,974 136,576 lii 18.0 14.4 0.4 0.4 4.200 3,520 0.4 4.200 49 0.4 3,520 ill 52 Trenton.N.J San Antonio, Tex Dallas, Tex 63 15.0 11.1 11.1 14.7 14.1 17.4 120.0 200.0 1,056,000 1,290,667 56 ^7 Salt Lake City, Utah. Des Moines, Iowa Lawrence, Mass St. Joseph, Mo Tacoma, Wash Duluth, Minn Houston, Tex Kansas City, Kans. . . Waterbury, Conn Birmingham, Ala Akron, Ohio 1.2 7.4 0.2 5.2 8,099 64,203 1,550 62, 733 0.1 697 0.2 1,705 0.9 5,697 61 7.4 64,203 150.0 0.8 89.4 1,306,800 6,668 913,848 62 0.2 1,650 ^^ 5.0 50, 792 0.2 1,941 ■m ■68 19.8 12.6 15.3 1.2 14,660 0.9 10,996 0.1 886 0.2 2,779 200.0 5.0 48.0 2,345,600 36,665 423,660 •69 71 2.5 26,220 2.6 26,220 73 79 20.1 8.4 19.2 2.0 1.0 3.1 24,003 4,840 40,767 0.4 6,334 1.4 1.0 16,891 4,840 0.2 1,778 P) '%.o 99.5 15.0 22.5 (=) P) P) 39,200 -m 142,262 204,120 P) SO SI Norfolk, Va 3.1 40,767 S2 Fort Worth Tex Wilkes-Barre, Pa Peoria, Dl 83 16.2 15.9 15.6 1.0 3.2 3.3 6,657 30,104 30,050 0.1 906 0.3 3.0 2.9 1,785 28,160 26,950 0.1 310 0.6 0.2 0.4 3,666 1.944 3,130 86 44.9 428,476 88 Fort Wayne, Ind Charleston, S. C Terre Haute, Ind Holyoke, Mass Johnstown, Pa Oklsihoma City, Okla Covington, Ky South Bend, Ind Passaic, N. J S<» 91 20. i 14.4 15.3 20.1 12.0 1.5 1.3 4.0 2.1 9.3 18,100 10,600 34,780 23,165 66,472 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.1 l.I i8,i66 10,500 18,920 11,800 7,744 83.8 9.6 44.9 173.0 10.1 983,666 93 95 1.8 15,860 406,200 2 029 809 q7 1.0 11,365 99 8.2 57,728 71,104 100 101 101^ Altoona, Pa GROUP rV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. infi Saginaw, Mich Wichita, Kans Springfield, 111 Bmghamton, N.Y... Lancaster, Pa Sioux City, Iowa Little Bock, Ark Springfield, Ohio Bay City, Mich Rookford HI '2.8 0.8 P) S02.2 50.6 85.9 16.7 '0.2 15.0 49.4 P) 36.9 160.1 '3.4 22.1 P) '2.0 '11.1 '0.4 7:7 40.0 0.4 3.0 24.0 '1.5 64.0 %.. 6.6 '3.8 9.6 8.6 P) P) 24,992 4,667 P) '20,149 471,300 704,685 189,933 1,980 434,601 P) 432,962 1,502,671 39,863 155,323 P) 11,264 130,513 3,680 45,845 468,666 3,340 21,120 225,508 10,560 633,582 ^"^621 63,326 47,212 85,360 75,677 P) 108 109 15.0 9.9 2.8 0.8 24,992 4,667 2.8 0.8 24,992 4,667 (=) P) 110 111 ll' 116.6 16.9 14.1 19.5 18.6 2.2 0.6 1.9 1.0 0.2 20,149 2,000 15,793 5,933 1,980 2.1 0.0 1.9 0.1 0.2 19,688 2,000 15,793 1,333 1,980 0.1 461 300.0 60.0 84.0 15.7 P) 15.0 47.0 P) 469,300 688,892 184,000 (.') P) 413,600 11f 114 116 0.9 4,600 117 IIS York Pa 119 Lincohi, Nebr Topeka, Kans Sacramento, Cal 15.0 2.4 21,001 1.3 11,491 1.0 8,985 0.1 525 121 20.1 15.9 19.8 12.0 1.6 0.1 3.4 5.3 i9,6ii 704 39,863 37,333 0.8 9,624 0.8 0.1 9,387 704 2.1 25, 109 33.2 160.0 P) 16.8 1,601,867 P) 117,990 128 Davenport, Iowa Wheelmg, W. Va. . . . 3.2 5.3 37,790 37,333 0.2 •2,073 131 Superior, Wis Dubuque, Iowa Buttfl Mont 9.6 20.1 13.8 10.2 20.1 14.1 12.0 15.9 12.0 20.1 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 11,264 1,935 3,680 2,845 2,095 3,340 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 2,816 1,936 920 2,004 2,096 1,831 1.5 8,448 8 n.i 39.8 ?'] 134 10.9 128, 578 0.3 2,760 P) 43,000 466,571 117 Kalamazoo, Mich Galveston, Tex 0.2 841 11' 0.2 1,509 143 Elmira,N.Y S.O 22.9 P) 54.0 21,120 1.1 L5 10,348 10,660 1.1 1.3 10,348 8,800 215,160 P) 633,582 145 Knoxvflle, Tenn Newcastle, Pa 0.2 1,760 147 150 JoUet 111 15.0 16.2 21.6 16.3 15.0 0.9 0.1 1.5 1.0 7.4 7,621 1,126 17,006 10,660 64,942 0.8 0.1 1.6 1.0 1.1 7,454 1,126 17,006 10,560 n l.m 0.1 167 * I"!? Oshkosh.Wis 8.6 P) 8.5 1.2 62,200 P) 74,800 10,735 155 2.3 30,206 La Crosse, Wis Newport, Ky South Omaha, Nebr . 157 6.3 56,792 1 ' Exclusive of alleys with unpaved surface. ' Reported with streets. ' Not reported. 174 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 29.— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH (MILES) OF SIDEWALKS AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OF SURFACE: 1909. [Caties with no reports of sidewalks are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85 . For a text discussion of this table, see page 75. Figures printed in itaUcs are estimates.) Grand total. Group I Group II. . Group m. Group IV. At close of year. •35,102.1 Laid during year. 1,831.8 613.2 •559.0 1 492. 7 166.9 At close of year. 16,282.7 6,443.1 5,687.4 2,173.3 1,978.9 Laid during year. 1,358.2 466.3 435.9 307.1 148.9 BXAGSTONE. At close of year. 2,887.0 1,409.7 674.2 375.9 427.2 Laid during year. 8.7 10.7 At close of year. 1,994.0 597.5 454.4 394.0 548.1 Laid during year. 38.5 17.6 4.5 16.0 0.4 TAK CONCRETE. At dose of year. 321.4 110.3 8.6 202.5 Laid during year. ALL OTHER. At close of year. 7,287.8 3,714.0 1,739.1 1,067.4 777.3 Laid during year. 181.9 98.0 65.2 25.9 2.8 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OB OVEE IN 1909. f. Ohicaeo, 111 4,126.0 2,076.0 1,241.6 945.7 "1,016.0 "1,333.0 741.0 "650.0 905.0 1,046.0 385.0 700.0 357.8 30.0 ^\o 10.0 60.5 37.4 34.0 23.5 20.0 2,600.0 719.0 669.8 343.3 i.o 543.0 875.0 65.0 300.0 258.1 30.0 %.e 10.0 54.2 27.4 34.0 15.0 20.0 60.0 170.0 76.0 602.4 1. m 45.3 20.0 SSO.O 0.4 25.0 6.0 50.0 2.2 1,450.0 1,181.0 466.8 97. L 3 Philadelphia, Pa 4 St. Louis, Mo 22.4 m p) (') 7 Cleveland, Ohio 8 Pittsburgh, Pa 276.0 C) 90.5 150.0 f^l i'i q Detroit, Mich m «6.3 m 9.1 m P) 10 Buffalo.N.Y 11 Rati Francisco, Cal (») m (=^ 226.2 (•) 0.» 12 Cincfnnfl.t.i, Ohio ... . 13 Milwaukee' Wis 14 Newark,N.J 8.5 16 Wnshincton, Tl C 400.0 GROUP U.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 MinnpApolisf, Afinn . , „ 731.3 1,175.4 "711.5 360.0 751.7 509.0 512.8 369.2 610.1 400.0 760.0 422.3 309.3 "400.0 312.6 233.2 300.0 232.0 541.0 145.6 '203. 7 30.7 19.9 m 7.4 131.8 30.6 28.0 3 63.4 73.9 15.4 21.5 9.3 24.1 7.2 42.0 16.9 15.5 16.7 2.0 704.4 126.0 54L0 475.8 499.6 266.4 397.4 152.0 250.0 21.8 77.3 (>) 127.1 12.2 250.0 40.0 54L0 30.0 30.7 19.9 «5.0 130.4 30.5 24.9 «60.8 15.2 5.4 9.3 19.0 2.9 42.0 2. a 15.5 ie.7 LI 26.9 18 Los Angeles, Cal ?0 ^'^8.0 P) m (') (.') w %.o ^^1 ??. LouisviUe, "fiiy V,% Seattle, Wash 210.7 1.0 9.4 1.4 25 Rochester, N. Y 31.8 (*) 0.4 3.8 ?fi St.Paul, Miim 3.1 ' W 102.8 m ?8 Portland, Oreg 200.4 12.3 248.0 13.1 29 0.2: ^n Toledo, Ohio 600.0 p) 11 Worcester, Mass 10.3 390.2 232.0 ^^69.4 120.0 50.0 192.0 3? Atlanta, Ga 16 1 33 Syracuse, N. Y ^\l 1.0 6.0 (.') 37 5 1 IS Fall P.i'vpr Mq.s,(! 100.0 4.» 19 m Richmond, Va IS t 41 Oakland, Cal 41 Nashville, Tenn 0.5 115.0 4'i 9 > Kinds of materials not reported for a portion of this total. ' Not reported. " Kinds of material not reported. * Less than one-terrth of 1 mile. GENERAL TABLES. 175 Table 29.— HIGHWAYS— LENGTH (MILES) OF SIDEWALKS AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND OF SURFACE: 1909— Continued. [Catles with no reports of sidewalks are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this teble, see page 76. Figures printed in itahcs are estimates.] i 1 an. TOTAL. CEMENT. FLAGSTONE. WOOD. TAB CONCKETE. ALL OTHEB. At close of year. Laid during year. At close of year. Laid during year. At close of year. Laid during year. At close of year. Laid during year. At close of year. Laid during year. At close of year. Laid during year. GROUP m.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albpy.N.y 1179.7 481.7 tBO.O 251.7 XM.O 1150.0 308.8 195.0 288.4 2B0.0 121.3 m.s 44.2 107.2 126.0 * 126.0 157.0 102.3 21S.0 240.0 8 79.1 170.0 80.0 1136.0 90.0 126.0 70.4 41.1 200.0 1187.S 6.4 43.7 3.8 84.3 20.0 «41.6 10.6 28.7 1132.3 6.0 8.7 0.5 2.2 12.1 7.3 13.4 10.0 2.5 27.0 <\l 3.1 2.1 0.8 3.6 1.0 3 3.9 ^^^9.7 0.2 43.7 (.') L9 11.0 3.3 49 Spokane, Wash 31.0 6U Hartford, Conn 250.0 1.7 3.8 til Salt Lake City, Utah 233.6 126.0 %.o ISO.O 63.2 76.0 11.9 il.9 ILO 9.7 ^\.l «58.7 82.0 40.0 8.6 170.0 50.0 %.o 121.0 84.3 12.0 %.. 7.6 16.4 7.6 0.5 2.2 12.4 10.0 1.6 27.0 3.1 2.1 1.6 14.8 eo.o P) bi St. Joseph, Mo io.o 3.0 ^.7 5 64 Troy,N.Y P) (.') m • (') 66 Tacoma, Wash 67 Youngstown, Ohio 66.0 3.0 68 Duluth, Mum 225.2 6.0 12.3 m Houston, Tex 26.0 « 5.0 m 140.0 109.4 96.6 ''\'. 70 SomerWlle, Mass 71 Kansas City, Kans 8.0 1.2 76 Hoboken, N. J 33.2 79 Bmningham, Ala 97.6 P) P) 43.6 126.0 200.0 P) m m p) 8 p) p) p) f2\ 81 Norfolk, Va fa Wllkes-Barre, Pa %1 84 Erie, Pa 86 Peoria, 111 s.o 2.0 1 88 Fort Wayne, Ind 90 Portland, Me (=) 0.9 91 Terre Haute, Ind 96 Jacksonville, Fla 30.0 «18.0 4.0 70.4 37.1 97 Oklahoma City, Okla Covington, Ky 2.8 99 1.0 ino South Bend, Ind ini Paasaic, N.J 0.8 in? Altoona, Pa 3.0 200.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 3 3 103 105 Pawtucket, R. I (.') P) m P) 3.3 GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 1 102.3 460.0 1S7.4 60.0 69.6 i 116.0 292.6 ^198.0 S60.0 57.0 150.0 i 160.0 105.0 SO.O 40.0 60.0 177.7 304.4 ^166.0 42.0 106.9 67.9 196.« 104.0 200.0 198.0 26.0 128.0 35.8 130.0 146.6 66.2 180.0 177.3 52.2 8.0 '\o 6.9 5.0 4.8 0.9 13.4 10.2 12.4 7.2 1.7 «6.4 1.3 1.1 ^1.3 3.7 m 2.5 5.0 1.3 0.7 m 5.2 12.0 0.1 2.0 <\.9 0.8 1.2 0.5 460.0 91.6 66.0 69.8 P) 90.0 P) 280.0 42.0 6.0 %.4 P) P) 8.0 p) P) P) P) 107 %.o 6.5 5.0 4.8 0.9 13.4 10.2 11.9 7.2 L7 P) 6.4 P) P) (=) 108 Wichita, Kans iin 41.8 0.4 2.0 2.0 6.0 113" Little Rock Ark 111 115 Atlantir Citv N J 0.5 p) 200.0 m P) 2.0 (') 70.0 16.0 142.5 6.0 117 Tlfwkford 111 p) 119 120 6 6 2.6 %.2 30.0 1-n p) (2) m (.■") P) P) 125 127 129 130 132 133 134 1.3 10.0 8.0 51.6 0.6 P) 13.9 30.0 52.0 0.5 WhRPli-np- W Va (^) 126.1 3.0 21.0 0.4 95.5 3.7 205.9 P) 21.0 106.9 67.9 P) 100.0 90.0 m.o 2.5 6.0 1.3 P) n (^) P) 135 137 138 139 142 143 146 147 m P) 2.0 6.0 (^) 0.1 P) 2.0 0.6 Ttar-i-nP Wic 3.9 12.0 P) P) 30.0 66.0 1.0 74.0 0.3 « 2.0 8.0 3.0 17.0 P) n 148 149 150 161 162 153 156 157 U.1 1.0 4.0 0.2 5.6 54.0 114.5 17.5 1.4 0.1 2.0 «0.7 0.8 1.2 0.5 76.9 34.8 124.0 4.0 2.0 5.0 5.6 5.2 0.8 (') 141. S 55.6 0.3 (.') L2 0.5 120.0 62.0 34.7 I Kinds of material not reported. ' Not reported. • Kinds of material not reported for a portion of this total. 176 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 30.— HIGHWAYS— STATISTICS OF [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see Grand total . . . Group I •. Group II Group III Group IV NUMBER Of BBIDGES. Total. 2,593 1,035 643 485 430 Over rail- roads. Not over rail- roads. Completed. Year not re- port- ed. 167 105 156 155 Be- fore 1890 219 150 100 91 From 1890 to 1900 231 201 125 100 From 1900 to 1909 428 187 104 84 Designed for- Foot traf- fic. 107 Foot and vehi- cle traiBo. Foot, vehi- cle, and street car traf- fic. 678 947 384 248 174 141 Constructed of— or iron. Wood. 1,557 569 456 296 236 121 79 lis Wood and steel or iron. 114 17 13 26 Stone. 109 All other mate- rials. 354 182 81 63 With length- Not re- port- Of60 to 100 feet. 208 165 184 Of 100 to 250 feet. 831 340 201 159 131 Of 250 to 500 feet. 341 141 92 Of over 500 feet. 139 96 75 56 GROUP I.-CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 1 NewYork, N. Y 167 101 250 45 78 m 41 74 15 57 16 67 41 26 29 28 87 34 125 21 48 % 60 (») 14 11 12 11 10 80 67 126 24 30 « 13 24 m 43 5 55 30 16 ^2>0 39 21 13 1 '\ 5 ""3 47 ...... 26 15 ?f 17 29 «8 9 9 14 33 21 68 12 16 «8 29 1 21 80 34 93 16 32 (») 24 36 13 1 10 3 7 «2 18 104 26 177 28 25 m 26 31 7 31 9 33 20 16 27 18 150 74 63 14 46 P) 13 25 8 124 6 20 21 8 2 10 124 77 91 26 9 m 29 14 1 53 13 60 41 25 37 8 24 7 14 '\ 7 3' 17 4 18 6 42 «2 14 2 1 "44' ■■■(»)■"■ i' 5 12 73 6 13 % 52 1 3 9 14 76 12 96 21 21 (») 6 28 56 46 102 12 19 (») 12 16 9 31 33 4 10 17 26 9 19 8 19 P) 12 13 1 S 2 6 6 ...... 8 9 Chicago, Dl ^ Philadelpliia, Pa 4 t> "6 Baltimore Md 7 8 Plttsburefi. Pa . 10 Buffalo N Y 22 13 17 20 16 3 17 2 1 14 ...... 2 20 4 43 8 19 27 7 22 8 13 23 3 7 2 5 4 4 11 San Francisco, Cal ninpimiftti Ohin 12 8 9 3 13 14 15 16 N'Awarlr N T 1 26 3 12 Washington, D. C 5 6 16 9 4 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 IS Minneapolis, Mian Los Angeles, Cal 53 20 16 40 47 6 9 37 45 51 21 10 26 19 6 13 46 43 17 17 22 9 9 1 4 16 8 18 7 9 36 5 6 21 m 2 1 16 7 37 3 2 9 2 8 (.') 20 7 P) 13 3 9 I 6 2 17 15 9 19 P) 4 8 21 38 14 18 8 16 17 6 6 P) 23 10 P) 9 6 3 '"io" ...... 16 6 1 13 2 1 24 3 3 13 17 4 3 11 26 18 8 2 13 4 4 4 10 8 6 3 2 ""2 11 12 1 14 27 1 6 4 1 14 5 7 4 3 1 8 3 4 9 12 6 4 7 1 3 ...... 35 14 8 27 34 3 3 14 25 36 10 17 6 7 13 13 ....„ 23 19 16 11 10 13 11 3 9 U2 18 6 3 4 1 2 1 2 6 2 9 ■"'e' 41 13 14 28 23 6 ""'23" 41 37 20 10 20 16 5 9 43 31 13 15 7 7 2 1 4 10 4 7 1 6 4 4 1 5 2 4 2 1 3 1 11 2 4 22 29 4 19 4 3 10 7 2 4 12 13 20 19 8 10 1 1 9 15 4 2 7 2 19 2 1 2 4 20 91 TiidianaDolis. TtiH 22 23 24 25 9 10 1 5 2 1 4 16 ""5 10 3 1 4 9 2 5 3 2 16 ...... '■■32' 21 13 6 18 18 8 1 8 12 1 1 1 10 2 2 1 5 4 16 7 24 7 4" 3 1 St Paul. Minn 4 1 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ""2 1 ...... 12 8 3 4 32 24 11 13 18 8 7 5 1 1 4 3 3 6 9 14 2 5 2 8 10 7 4 3 7 2 6 3 4 44 6 3 1 12 2 1 New Haven, Conn 8 4 2 26 1 3 1 9 ...... ...... 5 3 1 13 2 4 2 3 ...... 1 4 14 2 13 5 9 1 1 "••4" 4 4 3 8 2 2 3 5 2 '10 6 9 7 3 3 2 1 5 5 1 Grand Rapids, Mich ...... 8 2 5 1 6 3 5 2 2 3 4 5 4 3 3 5 2 1 2 Lowell. Mass 10 2 2 4 45 46 4 1 6 1 Includes 2 for foot traffic, vehicles, and steam cars. ' Incomplete. » Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. 177 BRIDGES OVER 50 FEET IN LENGTH: 1909. page, 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 76. Figures printed in italics are estimates.) NUMBER OF BRiDGEa— continued. Length (feet) of all bridges. Area (square feet) of all bridges. COST OF BKIDGE CONSTKUCTION. Paved with— Maintained by- Total. Met by- Plank. Wood block. Asphalt or con- crete. Brick. All other mate- rials. City only. City partly. Other civil divi- sions only. Private corpo- rations and indi- viduals only. All others. City. Private corpora- tions and indi- viduals. All others. a o 1,559 145 334 146 409 1,728 250 233 365 17 722,336 33,122,146 tl73,025,518 $124,737,014 $8,886,959 $39,401,545 574 340 354 291 35 70 27 13 177 94 27 36 29 68 24 25 220 71 53 65 724 385 325 294 112 42 39 57 32 40 160 124 44 37 7 8 2" 312,111 176,983 130,114 103,128 16,616,719 7,938,308 5,110,282 3,666,837 129,897,985 23,039,587 12,481,011 7,606,935 104,256,938 11,060,979 5,213,898 4,205,199 4,637,903 2,596,932 329,560 1,322,564 21,003,144 9,381,676 6,937,553 2,079,172 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 300,000 OR OVER IN 1909. 90 93 63 26 43 «20 44 14 39 10 68 29 6 28 11 10 1 9" 4 C) 1 2 1 62 5 7 126 3 26 ■«8 6 84 101 202 22 44 (?) 36 41 1 37 10 59 33 29" 25 22 2 61 57 4 20 4 7 2 46 5 2 3 15 34 (») « «2 19 m 14 14 5 2 11 6 16 4 6 9 S :.'.:::: 3 1 3 6 ii" 1 10 2 9 6 10 16 7 1 2 72,942 26,685 53,119 11,693 28,221 ("5 19,956 22,290 2,956 15,250 3,335 13,716 17,852 3,172 6,630 14,294 5,286,239 1,320,649 2,703,562 457,713 1,645,665 C) 826,821 802,881 130,000 768,665 141,073 526,926 946,867 196,665 232,050 630,963 2 $71,033,777 9,026,914 14,659,916 1,471,710 10,493,400 W M, 616, 648 3,725,998 3 295,000 3,349,297 364,779 2,401,000 2 2,898,616 661,300 641,000 4,469,630 2 $71, 033, 777 6,099,266 10,766,269 945,870 5,102,200 m 3,743,263 2,039,297 296,000 772,391 41,000 2,898,616 520,000 m $762,366 378,958 128,610 1,289,200 (») 1,642,000 86,000 321,779 30,000 (') (») $2,164,293 3,414,699 397,230 4,102,000 (") 2 773,385 44,701 (») 2,491,906 2,000 2,371,000 661,300 121,000 4,469,630 GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 30 3 9 28 21 5 9 7 36 16 17 2 6 17 3 2 36 24 6 8 19 4 6 15 3' 2" 14 3 11 13 1 3 5 3 16 17 11 23 47 5 5 18 21 38 21 7 6 17 6 13 17 17 17 1 3 36 21,495 8,561 3,126 9,965 7,736 435 3,546 4,615 7,960 22,397 7,596 7,138 7,053 6,926 443 6,500 3,400 2,877 3,844 4,223 6,424 3,727 2,175 pi 2,241 4,208 9,320 3,711 603 4,749 945,010 287,920 136,100 362,448 392,378 11,075 138,916 253,376 361,621 1,041,287 344,585 363,916 339,206 287,512 19,178 366,900 105,652 107,288 197,381 143,794 288,836 164,561 67,025 P) 48,872 159,274 564,730 180,790 29,594 229,084 2 $2, 297, 686 411,176 2 65,000 873,019 1,614,819 110,000 138,200 2 1,027,900 1,466,438 3,122,012 905,504 1,725,159 1,400,215 570,650 44,370 713,728 70,596 2 409,397 461,968 502,023 2 1,375,236 97,600 P) 209,766 399,566 1,617,500 2 629,813 2 90,940 749,377 $1,879,063 104,490 2 $418, 622 6,244 627,969 17 $301,442 65,000 118,850 1,319,263 18 4 6 19 6' 1 5 11 _ 126,200 336,696 95,000 1,000 2 689,900 989,690 1,707,422 696,504 292,275 504,989 549,450 44,370 235,823 20 21 1 15,000 23,000 b) 9,785 730,162 35,000 335,000 22 4 1 12 114,200 2 338,000 467,063 684,428 176,000 1,097,884 895,226 21,200 23 io' 6' 6 1 3 5 2 2 2" 3 12 2 4 3 1 2 i' 17 1 9" 1 18 6 4 i' 2 ii' is 7 1 3 24 26 26 27 4' 2 15 2 1 28 29 30 31 3 5 3 9 1 2 1 6 2 6 1 2 8 121,650 366,256 70,596 2 149,980 32 5' 29 33 21 243,417 461,968 2 16,000 34 35 17 20,000 39,600 P) 482,023 2 1,305,000 47,000 209,766 36 10 7 1 1 12 7' i" P) 70,236 11,000 (?) 37 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 5 i i' 1 38 39 40 1 3 3 8 7 4 1 3 1 41 5 2 3 2 3 3 1 15 8 11 7 3 399,566 264,000 529,813 90,940 749,377 4? 266,666 P) P) 1,163,500 43 7 44 45 6 6 46 * Includes 1 for foot traffic, vehicles, and steam cars. 92775°— 13 12 ' Includes 5 for which the kind of traffic was not reported. 178 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 30 HIGHWAYS— STATISTICS OF BRIDGES [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see NUMBER OF BBIDGES. Total. Over rail- roads. Not over rail- roads, Completed. Year not re- port- ed. Be- fore 1890 From 1890 to 1900 From 1900 to 1909 Designed for- Foot traf- fic. Foot and vehi- cle traffic. Foot, vehi- cle, and street car traf- fic. Constructed of— Steel or iron. Wood. Wood and steel Stone. AU other mate- rials. With length- Not re- port- ed. Of 50 to 100 feet. Of 100 to 250 feet. Of250 to 500 feet. Of over 500 feet. GSOUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany,N. Y 3 5 14 19 2 1 27 2 4 6 7 1 10 10 16 18 21 12 8 16 10 25 13 12 16 26 10 14 14 1 1 ""K 2 ■■«- 5 m 4 7 4 5 6 3 3 4 m 2 4 14 13 1 (?) 1 m (?) 7 1 6 5 (?) 14 14 8 3 10 7 22 13 3 11 «9 3 1 4 6 1 4 12 1 3 10 7 1 3 6 6 9 1 1 12 2 4 4 1 "■'io' 7 11 13 10 7 5 1 10 8 9 ...... 22 9 6 10 3 1 s 1 48 2 2 10 3 1 1 4 1 3 1 3 5 11 1 4 49 4 1 4 2 1 50 61 Hartford, Conn Reading, Pa 1 1 9 7 ...... 7 S? Trenton, N. J 1 9 53 San Antonio, Tex New Bedford, Mass 12 7 4 1 21 1 2 6 7 6 1 2 ...... 8 11 2 4 2 3 4 10 4 6 8 1 1 3 2 15 18 54 1 1 SR 1 6 4 56 Dallas, Tex 2 6 1 2 6 4 57 Salt Lake City, Utah 6 1 1 ...... 3 4 2 58 1 '"2 2 19 10 1 7 12 26 4 14 1 1 1 9 59 Wilmington, Del 4 4 3 9 ....„ 3 2 6 1 1 1 4 3 7 5 2 2 ....„ 6 7 2 3 4 2 ....„ 2 10 10 '7 17 8 6 13 6 15 9 7 7 18 9 11 12 2 3 3 15 IS 10 5 6 3 60 Springfield, ilass 2 2 3 11 1 1 3 1 1 61 62 Lawrence, Mass 1 63 St. Joseph, Mo 4 1 3 4 4 11 12 3 1 5 5 2 1 64 Troy,N! Y 3 3 1 65 Yonkers, N. Y 2 2 2 5 66 Tacoma, Wash 14 1 9 1 6 3 5 7 67 Youugstown, Ohio Duluth, Minn 68 17 4 2 4 i 1 8 6 20 4 69 70 4 4 7 10 7 8 1 2 1 1 1 9 71 Kansas City, Kans Utica,N. Y 72 73 Waterbury, Conn 3 3 1 ■■'ii' 74 Elizabeth, N. J 8 Schenectady, N. Y Hoboken, N. J 2 6 7 4 11 1 1 1 76 77 Manchester, N. H Evansville Ind . ... 13 4 2 10 6 6 3 1 4 m 2 6 (^) 3 9 7 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 8 3 1 6 2 <6 5 1 1 4 4 ...... 1 8 4 1 9 2 3 2 4 1 9 1 1 4 2 ....„ 1 1 2 2 78 79 Binninghani, Ala 1 80 Akron Ohio 4 3 3 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 8 3 ...... 2 1 1 2 Norfolk, Va 2 2 82 1 84 Erie Pa 1 1 85 2 7 11 1 1 2 6 10 2 11 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 87 Harrisbure Pa 4 8 6 10 1 1 S 9 ""•i 89 Charleston, 6. C 16 9 7 15 1 2 4 10 7 8 1 1 3 7 1 4 91 Terre Haute. Ind . . 92 93 East St. Louis, III Holyoke Mass 4 17 8 8 2 1 3 8 1 1 3 14 4 3 9 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 1 3 13 8 8 1 1 1 2 8 2 13 1 ■■■"2' 8 6 8 5 3 1 1 1 1 94 95 96 7 1 1 2 6 2 1 ...... 2 1 1 98 BpynTT^, ^ T 99 Covineton. Kv 2 6 '"(?)" 2 C-) 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 100 2 4 3 2 2 101 Passaic, N. J 102 6 6 4 1 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 103 Mobile, Ala 104 3 7 1 2 2 5 .2 1 2 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 2 4 1 Incomplete. * Not reported. 3 Includes 1 for which the kind of trafl3c was not reported. * Kind of traffic not reported. GENERAL TABLES. OVER 50 FEET IN LENGTH: 1909-Continued. pageSS. For a text discussion of this table, see page 76. Figures printed in italics are estimates.] 179 NUMBER OF BRIDGES— Continued. Length (feet) of all bridges. Area (square feet) of all bridges. COST OP BRIDGE CONSIRtlCTION. Paved with— Maintained by- Total. Met by- Plank. Wood block. Asphalt or con- crete. Brick. All other mate- rials. City only. City partly. Other civil divi- sions only. Private corpo- rations and indi- viduals only. AU others. City. Private corpora- tions and indi- viduals. All others. !3 ,a a GROUP m.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 3 i" 2 5 14 13 2 1 27 1 2,384 1,502 6,149 3,073 76 3,077 5,319 650 586 480 2,082 4,817 6,409 2,105 2,472 1,162 750 5,629 7,234 9,435 1,849 1,892 9,103 2,772 2,153 65,251 73,770 306,054 188,422 m 450 101,288 357,930 (") 26,600 10,746 21,600 83,896 154,763 200,569 107,757 63,841 51,140 226,280 318,880 410,587 80,870 107,473 312,224 83,014 41,069 65,227 {213,840 422,000 1887,947 '2,249,621 (?) 1,000 178,611 1,441,860 m 115,000 13,706 1282,600 1333,100 655,382 225,687 139,400 m 114,503 190,012 560,500 1213,910 176,000 1 238,910 835,188 ?} $155,673 422,000 842,930 275,992 »58,167 47 1 8 8 1 1 23 1 3 1 48 S 5 s »45,017 1,973,529 1,000 49 2 4 1 1 6 50 51 . 52 4 1 4 178,611 63 2 1,441,860 V) 14,000 64 4 6 7 1 10 8 12 11 21 5 i 16 5 22 12 10 15 22 9 6 U 6 7 11,000 13,706 66 67 1 6 8 58 4 282,600 ■324,100 59 1 4 6 1 6 16 16 17 10 1 14 4 9,000 655,382 205,189 5,100 60 61 2 2 2 2 20,498 1828 62 2 33,475 C) 114,503 63 1 i 1 3 2 3 64 7 2 (^) 65 190,012 66 6t, 1 2 4 10 560,500 67 1 2" 23 13 1 7 4 10 2 1 213,910 175,000 « 68 1 69 2 2 1 4' 19 9 2 2 134,070 178,000 204,840 688,026 69,162 71 1 3 72 1 1 73 1 7 14 10 8 74 2 2 m 7'i 76 8 2 1 6 1 i 2 1 2' 4 13 3 1 10 4 6 3,068 981 2,000 1,615 1,761 3,700 1,750 166 66,851 36,964 110,000 81,660 66,766 204,000 34,800 4,160 293,450 196,607 167,680 215,000 ^92,1,00 1100,000 123,000 45,000 293,460 77 1 195,607 67,680 78 1 1 (?) 79 3 1 2 1 1 225,000 75,400 12,000 80 2 1 1 2 15,000 12,000 188,000 23,000 45,000 81 82 1 1 2 83 1 84 85 2 6 10 2 6 11 1,900 3,580 2,397 38,000 130,000 82,728 55,500 1300,000 279,000 5,500 300,000 279,000 60,000 86 1 1 1 C) 87 1 88 89 13 1 2 8 1 2 5 6,186 165,000 1400,000 1400,000 « 76,000 366,000 76,000 366,000 99 4 1 100 101 5 1 4 2 2,321 39,684 52,000 33,000 19,000 102 103 1 i 2 2 1 3 i' 2 1,295 1,163 57,450 48,782 196,963 " 141,803 196,963 (') 104 4 3 141,803 106 180 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 30.-HIGHWAYS-STATISTICS OF BRIDGES [For a list ot the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see CITY. NUMBEB OF BRIDGES. Total. Over rail- roads. Not over raU- roads. Completed. Designed for— Constructed of— With length— b Year not re- port- ed. Be- fore 1890 From 1890 to 1900 From 1900 to 1909 Foot traf- fic. Foot and vehi- cle traffic. Foot, vehi- cle, and street car traf- fic. Steel or iron. Wood. Wood and steel or iron. Stone. All other mate- rials. Not re- port- ed. Of50 to 100 feet. Of 100 to 250 feet. Of250 to 500 feet. Of over 500 feet. GEOUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 60,000 IN 1909. 6 18 23 6 2 1 3 6 13 22 ■ "5' 1 1 17 4 5 1 5 107 Canton Ohio s 18 10 1 12 17 13 1 7 108 Wicliita Kans . . .. 13 7 2 1 110 Binghamton, N . Y 10 1 9 2 5 3 4 6 10 2 6 2 11'' 41 7 13 2 7 14 9 5 8 18 1 1 5 16 3 3 1 6 h 1 2 «2 1 1 ...... 9 ■■■■3" 40 6 12 "3 7 17 1 1 4 7 3 41 32 5 4 2 5 9 6 4 1 15 n 1 2 10 2 3 9 2 5 2 5 3 1 7 3 11 6 11 2 7 11 8 2 4 8 24 1 4 2 22 18 4 6 1 2 1 8 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 ...... 2 ...... 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 4. 6 2 4 1 3 2 1 1 3 1 ...... 114 SurinErflpld Ohio 2 6 115 Atlantic City, N.J Bav Citv Mich 116 6 6 4 3 3 117 Eockford, 111 2 17 5 2 1 5 2 1 9 lis York Pa 1 3 4 8 2 4 16 Chattanooga, Tenn 121 1 i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...... ...... 1 2 4 1 1 124 ...... 1 1 7 1 1 *1 1 2 5 1 4 13 1 1 2' 2 1 1 4 5 2 125 Pueblo Colo 1 7 1 3 New Britaiii, Conn 1 3 129 McKeesDort Pa 130 131 132 Whfifilinff W Vft 5 11 10 33 2 25 3 (') 110 8 11 9 7 3 2 3 2 9 22 2 9 1 9 4 5 3 1 5 1 6 5 9 2 26 2 2 ....„ 1 18 1 5 6 1 1 4 2 5 28 134 136 Chester Pa 12 4 8 11 3 "3 9 11 12 ...... ' 4 4 2 7 9 8 2 1 2 10 2 2 3 1 1 12 137 2 5 1 2 1 3 2 4 5 1 3 3 2 5 7 1 1 3 2 1 139 Woonsocket, K.I 1 1 1 140 141 21 9 10 3 IS ""2 9 5 4 6 6 2 3 13 5 8 8 4 2 13 8 9 1 i' i' s 2 15 6 6 1 3 ...... 143 Elmira N Y 5 ^<\'> 20 11, 2 8 8 1 ...... 12 10 2 7 1 2 4 6 U 2 5 2 1 10 5 2 4 10 5 ...... 15 8 2 4 1 1 1 3 2 1 10 1 1 7 1 4 2 2 1 7 147 148 Auhiim N Y 7 1 1 1 2 4 149 West Hoboken N.J Joliet 111 16 5 1 5 3 3 4 1 7 ...... 3 (') 5 1 2 2 8 6 2 1 1 10 4 6 1 1 2 2 1 ...... 3 13 3 1 3 2 2 3 5 1 1 8 4 3 151 152 153 154 155 156 2 (■) "(■')'" 1 4 3 1 2 ■■3' 3 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 5 T^a Croasp Wis ...... 1 1 1 1 3 157 158 South Omaha, Nebr 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 Not reported. • Incomplete. GENERAL TABLES. OVER 50 FEET IN LENGTH: 1909— Cbntinued. page 85. For a text discussion ol this table, see page 76. Figures printed in italics are estimates.) 181 NUMBEK OP BEIDGE3— continued. Length (teet) of all bridges. Area (square feet) of all bridges. COST OF BRIDGE C0N3TKUCTI0N. Paved with— Maintained by— Total. Met by- Plank. Wood block. Asphalt or con- crete. Brick. AU other mate- rials. City only. CSty partly. Other civil divi- sions only. Private corpo- rations and indi- viduals only. All others. City. Private corpora- tions and indi- viduals. All others. a o GROUP IV— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 5 12 8 1 6 18 23 4,278 1,135 3,547 152,983 35,260 99,472 »422,600 2 10,000 174,100 S422,600 2 10,000 68,100 106 4 1 2 3 ""'ii' 107 tlO8,0OO 108 109 5 1 4 10 3,920 186,826 389,827 339,827 50,000 110 111 39 7 8 2 7 10 8 4 7 14 1 1 41 4,319 3,240 1,5-26 449 3,043 3,647 2,025 3,030 1,803 3,537 825 120 3,106 7,326 2,854 166 93,874 101,450 64,366 11, 192 97,304 124,518 59,680 106,600 68,862 109,672 30,915 6,000 61,962 361,435 114,160 3,980 120,267 391,500 142, 100 52,337 349,110 2146,514 (') 137,822 95,864 SJi9,000 97,200 8,100 2 136,080 433,836 a 147, 000 C) 120,267 112 1 6 t41,500 350,000 113 2 1 2 13 142, 100 114 2 62,337 5,000 115 6 12 1 1 344,110 146,514 ^'^822 29,800 37,500 116 4 i' 9' 1 8 133,000 6,064 117 1 lis 3 6 15 2 2 119 1 3 1 1 60,000 211,600 97,200 i?n 3 121 1 122 1 6 15 3 3 1 1 8 8,100 (') 162,580 1?3 2 7 3 2 2 136,080 266,256 2 147,000 (') 1?4 1 1 5,000 125 126 3 (■) « 127 128 129 4 6 10 7 1 5 5 11 8 1 744 4,175 4,655 3,148 22,332 127,500 68,260 126,328 3 162,000 528,000 836,233 ! 51, 299 2 130,000 448,000 67,233 232,000 130 80,000 750,000 131 ""■■■29' 1 2 1 1 19,000 2 61,299 132 19 7 133 1.34 135 6 4 1 1 4 12 «726 870 1,830 24,162 23,972 68,854 36,036 »2,800 m$,S79 36,036 2 2,800 we, 379 0) (') 1.3fi 4 5 11 137 8 1 3 (') 1,38 7 1 2 139 140 6 9 8 16 16 9 10 5 1,993 1,835 3,334 80,353 50,778 119,570 8 260,200 2 73,850 262,208 2 260,200 73,850 262,208 141 (1) 142 1 1 143 144 15 8 1 6 4 1 10 8 ■ 1 10 1 1 7,010 1,951 582 933 280,622 72,384 15,768 43,232 549,000 ' 146, 941 (') 2 79,780 iS3,eoo 2 146,941 79,780 81,000 330, SOO ('!■ 145 3 14« 1 1 1 8 1 147 1 148 149 8 5 3 2 3 16 4 2,690 647 85 2,332 195 1,451 1,760 786 5,600 106,913 21,125 6,800 101,087 10,430 53, 472 48,000 34,584 160,800 238,627 2 62,326 90,000 2 135,000 (') 275,000 2 15,000 75,000 2 232,000 206,627 52,326 32,000 1,50 1 90,000 275,000 1,51 1 1 l.W 5 3 2 3 1 5 6 136,000 0) 163 3 (') 154 1 3 4 1,W 1 15,000 75,000 42,000 1,56 1 1,57 2 7 2 190,000 158 s Kind of traffic for which designed not reported. > For foot and railroad traffic. 182 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 31.— HIGHWAYS— NUMBER OP BRIDGES UNDER 50 FEET IN LENGTH: 1909. [Cities having no bridges under 50 feet in length are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. Tor a text discussion of this table, see page 77.) v' CITY. Total number. C0N3TBUCTED OP— MAINTADTED BY— i Iron and steel. Wood. Stone. Concrete. Rein- forced concrete. AH other. City. City and other civil divisions. Other civil divisions. City and private corpora- tions. Private corpora- tions. Grand total 1,985 460 941 155 46 221 162 1,673 28 48 73 163 519 537 572 357 151 155 88 06 150 222 392 177 105 31 10 9 29 9 6 2 32 81 29 79 52 39 47 24 420 461 512 290 7 24 8 9 51 » 2 11 41 Group II 1 25 2 52 GroUD III 25 45 GROUP I.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 308,000 OR OVER IN 1909. New York N. Y. Chicago, HI Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md.. Cleveland, Ohio. Pittsburgh, Pa.. Detroit, Mich Buffalo, N.Y... Cincinnati, Ohio... Milwaukee, Wis . . . Newark, N.J New Orleans, La.. Washington,!). C. (') (') (') (') 40 (') (.') 105 W (') (■) (') (') (') (') (') 164 3 77 (') ('). (') (') (') (') (') (') 16 1 6 (') (') GROUP II.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 17 19 41 6 18 62 17 24 10 11 1 25 24 44 3 18 34 6 117 12 2 28 1 33 3 3 4 52 9 10 3 10 28 39 Tpr'iflv nitv N T 3 13 5 2 11 1 7 6 1 2 16 62 11 19 7 10 1 25 24 23 3 1 1 21 3 6 6 24 PrnvidenPB B, T 1 5 2 5 1 3 4 1 30 1 5 5 6 3 16 1 5 7 8 31 8 7 5 4 33 7 1 20 55 1 1 18 37 33 1 65 7 1 21 1 5 33 4 117 12 2 19 1 23 1 38 39 2 2 50 5 40 42 1 1 4 2 9 45 46 25 3 8 2 1 Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. Table 31.— HIGHWAYS— NUMBER OF BRIDGES UNDER 50 FEET IN LENGTH: 1909— Continued. 183 (Cities having no bridges under 50 feet in length are omitted from this table. For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 77.] 3 CTTY. Total number. CONSTETJCTED OF— MAINTArNED BY— Iron and steel. Wood. Stone. Concrete. Rein- forced concrete. All other. City. City and other civil divisions. Other civil divisions. City and pnvate corpora- tions. Private corpora- tions. GROUP III. —CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 50,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909 47 Albany.N.Y 3 5 4 3 6 2 71 107 6 4 6 13 8 21 6 53 C) 16 7 24 15 75 5 10 22 12 17 1 29 3 7 a 3 3 3 2 48 Bridgeport, Conn 5 2 60 Hartford, Conn 2 1 1 2 6 1 2 SI Readmg, Pa 5 8 63 San Antonio, Tex 6 S5 Camden, N. J Dallas, Tex 1 1 5 2 M 55 106 6 11 71 107 2 4 5 12 8 20 b'l Salt Lake City , Utah 1 58 Lynn, Mass 4 60 Springfield, Mass 4 62 Lawrence, Mass 4 11 2 1 63 St. Joseph, Mo 2 3 1 3 1 64 Troy,N.Y 4 1 65 Yonkers.N.Y 4 1 15 1 1 67 Youngstown, Ohio 2 6 «8 Duluth,Minn 53 53 7 24 15 75 5 4 22 12 69 Houston, Tex 71 Kansas City, Kans 4 6 10 1 1 72 Utica,N.Y .■ 1 73 ■Waterbnry, Conn 12 13 75 4 2" 77 Manchester, N. H 1 79 Birmingham, Ala R1 Norfolk, Va 1 fi3 Wilkes-Barre, Pa 10 6 84 Erie, Pa 3 2 17 «5 Savannah, Ga 4 8 8 4 1 11 3 87 Harrisburg, Pa 3 2 17 90 Portland.Me 1 28 3 !66. 18 \ 75.00 100.00 V 4,015 4,000 f, 3 6.8 6.6 / 4.0 \ 6.6 e.e 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.5 4.0 6.6 7.6 7.6 / 4.0 \ 6.6 1,263 1,278 \ 2,529 2,615 115,872 3,089 « 3,061 2,609 5,832 1,042 2,627 10 3,100 } 1,403 96.31 92.39 67.49 54.96 / 6 60.98 \ 6 90.00 32.17 / «56.00 \ «75.00 72.00 / » 60.00 i "72.00 65.'00 j 70.00 \ 270. 00 / 10 69.00 \ 1086.00 85.00 4,052 3,828 i,000 3,760 1 3,900 3,874 1 3,948 4,015 } 3,914 3,814 1 4,000 1 4,000 3,942 30 f 40 \ 80 770 1 947 19.41 / 19.35 \ 27.85 4,052 } 3, 828 4 6.6 2,198 129.90 3,828 989 910 3,643 26.00 33.21 25.00 4,000 3,760 3,900 A le 60. 6 108 14.00 26.00 3,760 3,900 7 g 9.6 858 32.17 3,874 9 60 16 48 • 2,922 (') / «3.43 \ 12.00 3,948 1 4,016 10 11 1? 313 27.80 3,814 9.6 1,144 65.00 3,814 11 / 26 { 32 } 186 15.00 4,060 14 15 1,358 22.80 3,760 f 25 \ 200 } 1,820 1 20.00 \ 65.00 1 3,942 16 GROUP 11.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 100,000 TO 300,000 IN 1909. 11 673 121.00 2,505 9.8 1,201 70.00 3,751 9.8 6.8 4.0 6.6 5.0 4.5 6.6 200 2,598 1,691 IS 1, 466 100 2,285 696 $70.00 75.60 75.00 / "65.00 \ IS 90. 00 74.00 74.00 54.00 3,751 3,822 4,010 } 4, 141 3,285 4,000 4,000 80 { 32 430 \ 8,430 $14.40 f 2.52 \ 10.08 2,258 [ 2,374 17 18 12 380 30.00 4,010 19 (13) 60 2,095 1 32.00 33.96 2,280 3,285 20 497 27.25 3,285 9.6 1,664 74.00 3,285 21 40 32 32 r "10 \ "50 50 16 60 "5,044 2,335 571 \ 3,898 798 1,670 300 1 1' 9. 60 \ "21.00 24.00 19.34 (17) 28.00 (.8) 10.50 |. 4,000 4,015 4,000 / "2,258 \ "4,000 4,000 1,825 3,720 23 9.6 1,888 100.00 4,015 ?4 7.5 / 16 6. 6 \ 166.0 3,896 } 16 874 f 15 57.95 \ 16 68.00 J 16 85.00 \ 16 95.00 4,000 4,000 25 1,619 27.45 4,058 } 26 27 9.6 2,309 60.00 4,000 6.0 f 6.9 \ 7.0 5.5 1,720 1 2,340 2,135 65.50 42.17 45.00 s,e90 3,720 4,000 28 29 30 1,388 24.78 3,000 4.4 863 91.25 4,000 31 6.5 5.5 4.0 6.5 9.6 6! 6 1,187 1,597 657 1,059 8 1,052 60.00 68.00 73.00 73.00 77.50 75.00 4,000 4,000 3,290 4,000 4,000 4,000 { ri 1 719 / 6.00 \ 28.00 }■ 4,000 32 33 34 35 9.6 848 77.50 4,000 36 37 ■■■■i2'22i' 113 20.02 28.80 3,924 4,000 4.0 824 .91.25 4,000 38 7.6 6.6 7.6 6.6 6.6 7.5 6.8 6.6 820 866 921 877 1,240 547 629 653 75.00 54.75 75.60 55.91 48.80 100.00 90.00 68.50 4,000 3,950 3,747 3,700 4,000 4,000 3,900 3,831 80 23 30.00 4,000 39 4(1 16 4,462 f 3.24 \ 7.20 1,883 3,747 }41 42 32 32 40 572 645 444 12.00 22. m 25.00 3,200 4,000 3,900 43 44 46 46 11 Flat flame gasoline. « The'™te in cost per light and for incandescents were as follows: 2,666 Welstach lamps, at $9, and 2,733, at $12; 1,333 closed arcs (public lights), at $65, and 133 private arcs, at $90. Incandescent lights are on 530 ornamental posts, one globe containing three 100-watt Tungsten lamps and surmounted by one 60-watt lamp. Cost for each ^*^*i4F^r 1,846 lights the cost was $9.60; for 2,980 lights, 813.80; for 194 lights, $13.20; and for 25 lights, $21. v . v t fj 16 For overhead wires the cost was $57.95, for underground (double). $62.96, and for underground (smgle), $68; the number of each was not reported. i6For7791ights, overhead wire, 6.6amperes, the cost was $86, and for 95 underground wire, 6 amperes, $96. " For 4 lights of 32-candlepower on 4,000-hour schedule, the cost was $24. For 177 clusters containmg 21 lights of 10 candlepower and one of 50 candlepower, the cost was $95 for each cluster. Those of 10 candlepower burned 2,268 hours, and of 60 candlepower, 4,000 hours. IS Paid for by business men, cost not reported. 186 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 32.— HIGHWAYS— STATISTICS [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, with the number assigned to each, see page 85. CITY. EXPENSES or STREET LIGHTING. FLAT FLAME GAS LAMPS. WELSBACH GAS LAMPS. 3 t Total. Per 1,000 square yards of improved streets. Per capita. Number. Cost per lamp per year. Schedule number of hours lighted per year. Number. Cost per lamp per year.' Schedule number of hours lighted per year.' GROUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 80,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 47 Albany,N.Y S88,723 62,331 45,745 60,738 82,929 64,094 29,501 67,856 78,472 53,939 36,594 82,809 43,126 90,187 62,881 54,803 23,613 71,049 108,473 53,050 40,924 36,601 38,295 52,298 48,405 49,767 44,229 42,690 50,361 20,279 63,106 41,584 30,081 49,321 31,728 17,361 87,448 50,783 18,164 56,870 26,757 22,893 31,725 56,617 39,049 28,634 30,920 37,140 13,938 35,500 19,500 42,699 33,910 43,598 28,936 22,021 27,056 28,076 53,296 SS4.20 43.03 109.48 31.90 40.00 90.24 8.84 54.01 75.00 41.16 43.53 91.67 39.42 31.72 43.49 86.45 16.80 80.09 72.36 46.51 49.47 13.07 30.24 49.76 34.42 41.67 139. 94 45.05 56.21 50.09 101.70 40.01 15.33 49.21 31.06 11.75 194.41 56.65 20.93 48.81 28.17 27.01 52.67 25.14 22.11 28.15 36.99 76.12 33.98 31.44 11.87 80.91 36.69 35.08 52.26 51.51 66.68 62.26 34.51 $0.86 0.63 0.46 0.62 0.88 0.68 0.32 0.73 0.85 0.62 0.42 0.61 0.50 1.05 0.74 0.66 0.31 0.93 1.42 0.70 0.84 0.48 0.50 0.69 0.65 0.69 0.62 0.60 0.72 0.29 0.92 0.60 0.44 0.74 0.48 0.26 1.33 0.78 0.28 0.91 0.44 0.38 0.54 0.98 0.68 0.51 0.55 0.67 0.26 0.66 0.37 0.80 0.64 0.84 0.66 0.43 0.53 0.55 1.06 4S Bridgeport Conn 473 $25.00 4,000 '10 =;n 'il ■Rpf^rling/Pft 812 643 137 1,060 530 25.00 29.75 23.33 28.00 28.00 4,000 4,000 3,600 4,000 4,000 '5? ^i^ ;54 55 Camden, N. J 7- S21.00 4,000 S6 57 Salt Lata Citv Utah "ifi 59 665 20.80 4,000 ■60 •f)1 1,119 17.00 4,000 ■«? ^ f\A Troy NY ' 186 27.43 4,000 <65 Yonters N Y 2,433 30.00 4,000 )66 Tapoma Wash ■fiT 6S 174 15.96 4,000 .^9 70 71 844 17.10 4,141 70 Utica N Y 73 ■74 Elizabeth, N. J 930 15.00 4,000 16 23.00 4,000 7*1 7fi 77 Manchester NH . 144 667 34.00 20.00 3,962 4,000 78 Evansville Ind - 79 80 Akron Ohio 884 16.85 3,650 ,81 Norfolk Va ■83 Wiltes-Barre Pa 260 512 29.00 20.13 4,000 4,000 M S6 Peoria HI 88 Fort Wayne Ind. 587 695 24.75 / 23.00 \ 28.00 4,000 1,170 4,000 90 Portland Me m ■92 East St Louis, HI ©4 Brockton, Mass 95 Johnstown, Pa 96 Jacksonville, Fla Oklahoma City, Okla 98 Bayoime, N. J 421 16.00 4,000 100 South Bend, Ind ini 74 17.00 4,000 in'> 103 105 Pawtucket, R. I ^ 307 22.50 1,800 I Where two reports are given for a city, unless otherwise noted, they are the highest and lowest figures, indicating the power used, orlengthofhours, or cost, regulated byoneorboth. ' Candlepower given as 16-32, but no record of the number of each kind. Meter rates. 3 For 8 lights on 2 clusters the cost was $20 per cluster; for 428 lights, $14.88 per light. < Maintamed by business men. » Not reported. GENERAL TABLES. 187 ■OP STREET LIGHTING: 1909-Cdntinued. For a text discussion of this table, see page 80. Figures prtated in Italics are estimates.] VAPOK LAMPS. ELECTRIC AKC LIGHTS (OPEN). ELECTRIC ARC LIGHTS (DICLOSED). mOANDESCENT LIGHTS. Number. Cost per lamp per year. Schedule number of hours Ugh ted per year. Am- peres.! Number. Cost per light per year.' Schedule number of hours lighted per year.i Am- peres.' Number. Cost per light per year.' Schedule number of hours lighted per year.' Candle- power.' Number. Cost per light per year.' Schedule number of hours lighted per year.' 1 a 1 GEOUP III.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OP 60,000 TO 100,000 IN 1909. 9.0 6.6 871 623 898.55 80.00 4,000 4,000 47 43 95 J25.66 4,665 7.5 6.2 894 808 $48.00 70.00 4,000 3,960 f "16 \ 32 76 32 50 eoo 16 32 \ 102 219 358 189 31 20 191 (?) $18.00 19.20 27.00 46.66 25.56 20.00 4,000 3,960 4,000 4,000 3,600 4,000 4,000 49 6.5 722 67.50 4,000 51 ■ 6.5 7.5 5.0 4.5 6.5 4.3 7.5 493 330 267 797 792 670 340 85.00 70.00 97.56 80.00 60.00 60.00 94.90 4,000 3,600 4,000 4,000 3,650 4,000 4,000 52 ; 407 31.60 4,000 64 56 ffr . 9.6' 365' "'64.'92 ""4,' 666' 25 16 / 32 \ 60 32 20 I 3^0 40 f «16 \ 80 1,312 3 436 ) 144 585 593 400 68 598 } 2,335 15.50 r 'X^ \ 15.00 17.04 20.00 •75.00 (') 20.00 (») 3,000 4,000 1 3,900 4,000 4,000 / 1,800 \ S,7S0 4,000 4,000 / « 1,000 \ 2,737 58 59 . 5.0 6.6 6.6 4.0 7.5 6.6 6.6 1,102 475 264 607 696 300 862 1 71.60 \ 83.00 65.00 90.00 40.30 94.90 92.00 60.00 } 3,900 4,000 4,000 3,868 4,000 4,000 2,737 { / 6.6 I 9.6 } 238 / 80.00 \ 90.00 1 4,000 61 i 62 }63 J ■ 65 }66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 }77 78 79 80 81 82 [83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 [94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 ; 6.0 603 68.00 2,800 6.0 6.6 4.5 B.6 6.6 S.S 6.6 I 433 605 490 335 916 490 337 65.66 70.00 84.08 65.00 66.00 79.00 80.00 4,000 3,650 3,828 4,141 4,000 4,000 4,000 16 1,182 6.11 4,000 ; ' 40 25 678 21 18.33 20.00 3,828 4,141 ! 3i9 27.00 4,141 1 25 44 20.00 4,000 ; 2.5 9.6 830 288 j 29.86 \ 73.00 100.00 2,000 i,000 4,000 16 12 31.50 4,000 / : ^^ 34.00 4,000 7.6 6.6 6.6 4.0 6.6 6.6 604 459 422 403 515 261 90.00 67.00 75.00 80.00 58.00 46.00 4,000 4,000 3,650 2,7S7 4,000 3,000 / '16 \ 32 48 \ '703 24 (') 24.00 1 ises \ 4,000 4,000 i 97 27.00 S,6S0 32 30 4S 8128 760 240 19.61 12.50 / 5.00 \ 6.80 4,000 3,000 2,000 4,000 ! ; 232 31.00 4,000 7.5 491 58.00 4,000 6.6 6.6 6.0 6.0 4.0 6.5 6.6 4.2 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.0 4.0 5.0 9.6 6.6 7.5 66 4.0 6.5 641 558 879 670 456 248 400 597 9 394 614 288 497 566 407 420 724 10 642 303 435 481 65.70 30.00 65.00 68.00 53.00 68.00 60.00 70.00 '100.00 60.00 87.00 50.00 60.00 60.00 80.00 55.00 / i»78.75 \ 95.00 85.00 52.50 60.00 4,000 4,000 S,290 4,000 3,200 4,000 4,000 S,S90 S,i90 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 3,650 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 50 32 / 25 \ 100 S 21 } 50 25.50 10.00 / 22.00 I 36.00 4,000 3,290 \ 4,000 32 / 16 \ 65 11 \ 785 30.00 1 9.00 I 30.00 4,000 >■ 4,000 I ; 16 30 70 60 33 757 11 260 12.00 17.00 25.00 25.00 4,000 f 2,190 I 4,000 4,000 4,000 ' 32 50 25 60 86 48 66 20 27.00 32.00 15.00 24.00 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 9.0 6.0 284 339 84.00 70.00 4,000 2,500 16 245 18.00 4,000 193 22.50 1,800 6.0 196 105.00 4,000 • Tor 398 lights of 80 candlepower the cost was $21 for a 2,737-hour schedule; 1,937 lights of 16 candlepower were at meter rates. ' For 3 Tungsten lamps of 32 candlepower the cost was $90 on a schedule of 4,000 hours; 700 lamps on arches, of 16 candlepower were at meter rates. 8 Includes 15 free lights. « For 318 lights the city pays $100; 76 lights are furnished free. » ^or 452 lights, ovarhead wire, the cost was $78.75 ,and for 90 lights .underground wire, $95. 188 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 32.— HIGHWAYS— STATISTICS [For a list of the cities arranged alphabetically by states, witt. the number assigned to each, see page 85. CITY. .EXPENSES OF STREET LIGHTING. IXAT FLAME GAS LAMPS. WELSBACH GAS LAMPS. 1 u B Total. Per 1,000 square yards of improved streets. Per capita. Number. Cost per lamp per year. Schedule number of hours lighted per year. Number. Cost per lamp per year.' Schedule number of hours lighted per year.' GROUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 50,000 IN 1909. 106 Saginaw, Mich $23,559 36,060 19,784 32,863 44,724 49,348 23,466 11,978 47,406 53,929 22,055 25,258 21, 135 31,008 24,786 15,505 39, 187 32,897 35,837 32,087 42,315 21,822 38,960 33,616 27; 831 26,463 17,076 53,539 26,785 36,413 25,828 17,185 30,601 21,931 23,636 34,846 19,579 34,042 20,938 30,341 23,680 20,717 35,336 16,639 27,083 3,646 21,276 18,410 30,148 J19.01 67.05 42.07 27.31 121.75 55.59 53.42 20.44 26.03 49.67 32.46 20.40 38.57 38.66 45.97 16.14 25.62 25.26 98.55 199.27 43.84 54.37 33.03 72.97 46.81 20.94 13.02 15.27 21.92 389.03 59.08 47.32 69.88 34.70 28.54 122.81 43.75 36.34 25.05 21.49 63.87 224.06 44.49 49.65 39.90 2.90 39.04 19.21 45.83 $0.47 0.74 0.41 0.67 0.94 1.06 0.50 0.27 1.06 1.21 0.50 0.57 0.48 0.72 0.57 0.36 0.90 0.76 0.83 0.75 0.99 0.51 0.92 0.80 0.67 0.65 0.43 1.36 0.69 0.94 0.68 0.45 0.81 0.59 0.64 0.94 0.53 0.92 0.57 0.84 0.66 0.58 1.03 0.49 0.79 0.11 0.65 0.56 0.93 107 Canton, Ohio 108 Wichita, Kans 109 Springfield, 111 110 Binghamton, N. Y 111 380 $30.00 4,000 : 112 Sioux City, Iowa 113 Little Rook, Ark 114 Springfield, Ohio.. 806 24.00 3,650 : 115 Atlantic City, N.J. . 206 $15.00 3,650 116 Bay City, Mich 117 Rookford, 111 118 York, Pa 12 34.50 4,000 ■ 119 i?n ChattATinnpra, Tenn 121 1?2 PanraiTiPTit^, *^al . 123 Maiden, Mass 124 Haverhill, Mn.-K 425 14.00 2,100 ' 125 Pueblo, Colo 1?6 1?7 "Wftiw TlritAin rVinn 128 19,9 1'iO WheeUne W Va 10 27.20 3,650 131 IS' 133 436 15.00 1,825 600 15.00 1,825 [ 134 IS'i 136 137 138 139 140 141 14? 143 Elmira N Y 144 115 14fi Npw Dastle Pa 147 148 149 We<5t Hoboken N I isn Joliet 111 _ 51 IB'' ■il Oshkosh, Wis ')4 Chelsea Mass ... 372 22.00 4,000 •il Joplin Mo ■ifi La Crosse, Wis 17,911 17,000 16,740 23.76 30.40 52.74 0.59 0.56 0.64 57 Newport, Ky 58 1 Where two reports are given for a city, unless otherwise noted, they are the highest and lowest figures, indicating the power used or length of hours or cost, regulated by one or both. 2 4 to 8 candlepower, for decoration purposes and used only for holiday occasions. Meter rates. 3 Lights furnished by the city plant for Saturday evenings and holidays for decoration only and no record kept of the cost. • Every dark hour. GENERAL TABLES. 189 OF STREET LIGHTING: 1909-Conlinued. For a text discussion of this table, see page 80. Figures prmted in Italics are estimates.] VAPOR T,A1H?3. ELECTRIC ARC LIGHTS (OPEN). ELECTRIC ARC LIGHTS (INCLOSED). INCANDESCENT LIGHTS. Number. Cost per lamp per year. Schedule number of hours lighted per year. Am- peres.! Number. Cost per light per year.i Schedule number of hours Ugh ted per year.i Am- peres." Number. Cost per Ughtper year.i Schedule number of hours Ughted per year.i Candle- power.i Number. Cost per light per year.i Schedule number of hours lighted per year.i 1 GEOUP IV.— CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 30,000 TO 60,000 IN 1909. 7.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.0 4.0 4.2 6.5 7.5 6.5 4.0 S.O 4.0 7.6 6.6 6.6 402 652 273 619 443 445 89 335 386 697 311 507 419 347 351 323 $60.00 / 41.50 \ 64.00 66.00 48.00 78.00 80.00 75.00 35.76 73.00 75.00 55.00 52.00 49.27 72.92 70.08 40.18 3,650 2,737 4,000 2,655 3,860 4,000 4,000 3,650 2,900 3,660 3,660 3,800 s.eeo 4,000 e,6oo 4,000 2,391 400 « (^) 106 107 430 $27.00 3,600 I 80 24 SIO.OO 3,600 108 109 16 512 20.00 4,000 110 75 32.00, 4,000 111 32 900 20.00 3,660 112 113 114 { 20 2 '■ 11,748 380 ; 1.21 \ 3.24 (>) 913 3,660 [•115 116 9.6 135 S55.00 3,800 117 118 119 40 123 18.72 4,000 120 121 9.6 568 75.60 3,800 32 40 60 60 / 30 \ 60 25 11 1,169 5 40 407 366 / 2.40 \ 6.00 18.75 26.00 N. E. 22.00 20.00 \ 3,800 (<) 4,004 2,000 4,000 4,000 122 6.6 2.5 5.5 2.5 123 203 376 300 100.00 100.00 87.00 95.00 i,000 4,004 S,700 4,000 123 240 21.00 2,100 124 125 126 6.6 180 85.00 4,000 127 4.0 6.6 629 451 57.30 70.00 4,000 s.eso 12S 129 9.6 514 49.00 3,850 130 6.0 7.5 5.0 6.6 6.6 6.0 6.6 6.6 390 288 193 414 344 279 400 470 68.00 1 5 58.00 \ 65.00 90.00 64.80 112.00 80.00 42.50 51.00 4,000 } S,000 3,650 2,500 3,650 4,000 2,956 4,000 131 80 25 f 32 { 60 102 1,419 } 3 7.20 14.60 / 18.00 \ 25.00 2,000 1,825 [ 3,660 132 «24 17.00 1,825 133 134 135 16 484 10.50 4,000 136 13V 138 10.0 9.6 169 200 120.00 98.00 3,650 3,000 40 64 30.00 3,650 139 9.6 6.6 1 59 332 96.00 95.00 3,000 3,600 140 40 32 60 230 4 526 20.00 18.00 / 16.80 \ 23.10 3,600 3,650 1,080 4,000 141 4.25 302 1 54.00 \ 72.00 2,190 3,650 142 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 7.0 6.8 343 388 360 332 260 489 80.00 52.88 72.50 73.01 / 36.00 \ 75.00 68.00 4,000 2,187 4,000 3,650 1 4,000 4,000 }l43 144 25 135 22.50 4,000 145 146 147 s'oo lis' ""ioo.'oo' '""i'm 65 28 34.00 4,000 148 149 160 8.36 2,333 9.6 396 75.00 s,eoo 6.6 6.6' 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 253 137 382 167 267 255 247 181 25.09 88.00 48.90 84.00 24.00 / 8 70.00 \ 100.00 65.00 75.00 3,887 3,012 2,737 4,000 3,650 8 2,737 4,000 4,000 3,650 / 40 \ 200 40 } 822 642 ; 2.78 \ 12.64 15.00 1 3,887 1,661 IbO 151 152 153 46 24.00 4,000 / '16 \ 50 } ^* f '2.60 t 24.00 '4,200 3,650 164 |l55 156 i ' 32 26 27.00 4, COO 167 158 ' For 196 lights, the cost was S65, and for 92 lights $58, being paid under two different contracts. ' For M^Fghte of 16 oandlepower. on a schedule of 4,200 hours, the cost was S2.50; and for 9 lights of 50 candlepower, on a schedule of 3,650 hours, 124. 8 For 6 lights the cost waslilOO. 29 lights of the entire number were on a schedule of 4,000 hours. 190 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 33.— SALARIES AND WAGES OP SPECIPIED- [ The citiee in each state are arranged in the order of their size. The number assigned to each city corresponds witk GEOGBAPmO DIVISION, STATE, AND CITY. Population. SEWEB SERVICE. KEPUSE-DISPOSAL SEEVICE. 1 Highest stdary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and .skilled labor- ers. Wa^es team- sters. Wages of un- skiUed labor- ers. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skiUed labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. a An- nual. Daily. An- nual. Daily. All cities combined I.— North Atlantic 25,603,949 $2,497 $1,624 $988 $3.10 $3.32 $2.03 $1.94 $1,604 $1,010 $913 $2.89 $4.36 $1.95 $1.89 12,807,238 1,580,124 7,832,516 1,661,177 1,822,894 2,840 2,647 2,215 2,323 2,190 1,746 1,343 1,.')30 1,672 1,616 1,042 913 925 922 1,164 3.04 3.08 3.08 2.92 5.00 3.42 3.10 3.34 2.62 4.43 2.05 1.76 1.97 1.75 2.68 1.94 1.65 1.89 1.72 2.73 1,648 1,754 1,292 1,460 1,568 1,060 911 977 1,022 1,032 943 913 845 877 1,063 3.20 2.00 2.84 2.75 6.60 "'ilii' 2.08 1.48 1.96 1.70 2.75 1.98 1.60 1.83 1.70 2.69 II.— South Atlantic in.— North Central IV.— South Central v.— Western I.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC DIVISION. go Maine: Portland 67,824 68,904 657,312 142,835 116,906 104, 148 103, 631 92,718 87, 166 86,210 83,096 76,830 56,377 55,276 43,280 43,005 42,626 39,280 36,978 33,678 32,712 32, 452 219,715 50, 142 37,060 131,337 99,301 97,225 71, 191 42,523 4,629,310 415,314 211,664 133,728 99,813 76,715 76,502 72,485 70,203 47,483 36,915 34,283 335,949 261,482 123,075 94,547 92, 532 71, 1,38 69,462 53, 160 51,733 44,613 34,268 1,626,386 627,694 127,608 94,566 65,742 65,302 61,075 63,833 61,287 60,662 46,716 43,702 42,032 38, 134 35,620 (') $2,200 3,600 2,600 3,000 (') 3,000 1''200 1,500 3^:l 2,500 2,300 2,000 i:L « 3,000 1,100 2,500 2 5,000 1,100 6,000 4,000 2 4,500 3 4,000 8 3,500 2 3,500 (') 2,500 1,500 2,500 1,500 (') 2 7,600 2 6, 000 2,600 2,200 2,500 1,800 2,000 3,000 « $1,400 1,260 3,000 1,700 1,725 2,000 2,000 % 1,014 1,300 (■) 1,500 1,800 1,000 1,200 C) 900 l^^CK, 840 1,800 (') 1,800 1,800 W 5,000 2,400 3 3,600 1,800 2,200 3,000 1?4 900 1,600 1,200 (■) 3,000 1,200 1,300 1,200 1,000 1,500 1,600 $2.00 1.75 2.25 2.00 2.38 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.14 2.75 2.00 $1.75 1.75 2.25 1.85 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.26 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.00 2.60 2.00 2.25 2.33 2.26 2.00 2.00 1.67 1.77 1.67 2.60 1.75 1.80 1.75 1.75 2.56 2.00 1.84 1.70 1.86 1.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 2.25 1.75 1.75 1.60 3.00 1.60 2.00 1.50 1.75 2.50 2.00 1.60 $1,200 0) 3,600 1,600 1^^25 t'l 1,200 1,200 1,400 0) . 1,500 1,600 1,800 1,200 700 {') $1,800 780 0) 1,082 1,200 1% (') 1,100 900 1,200 1,200 675 1,200 900 il 600 $263 1,400 690 "i,'682' 1,100 $1.75 0) 2.25 1.76 2.50 2.00 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.14 2.50 2.26 2.26 2.25 2.00 $1.75 1 2.26 i 1.75 : 2.50 1 1.86 , 2.00 i 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.25 i 2.00 i 2.60 i 2.00 i 2.25 ; 2.25 ; Jj ""2.'66"| 77 New Hampshire: Manchester '$i,'6i4' ■■i;692' ■■■^■^oo' $2.50 4.50 3.76 2.95 3.67 2.58 3.00 3.00 $2.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 2.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 P) 5 Ma^acliusetts: SR Fall River (') 11 Lowell 45 54 New Bedford 58 1,000 1,300 1,100 "'i,'266' 62 3.25 3.50 3.00 "'2.' 56" 2.50 2.88 3.00 6.00 3.65 '"3.'75' 2.50 $3.00 93 Holyoke 94 1'>? Maiden T^ft Salem 3.75 2.30 2.33 L 2.00 2.00 1.61 1.77 W 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 1.90 2.45 i:^oo 1.76 1.75 ........ 3.00 "W 133 Newton 141 Fitch.bnrg 151 TftimtoTi (•) 154 Chelsea 24 Khode Island: '""'780' 2.85 2.67 2.67 2.80 "i'.m 2,000 139 Connecticut: "'i,'i52' 1,249 932 1,096 1,800 4.50 3.75 2.65 48 Bridgeport (') 1,040 1,040 764 50 Hartford 2.00 127 New Britain 2.70 5.14 3.00 2.62 New York: New York 7,000 3,500 1,200 i!'k 1,118 900 769 1,100 2.52 2.61 , 1.33 1.60 1.70 , 1.75 : ^^1 10 Bufialo 25 1.76 47 3.15 1,092 "i,'266' ■■■■726' 2.00 5.00 3.00 2.75 4.00 2.26 2.00 ■"'s.'so' 2.75 i A. 720 ""726" i:^26 65 Yonkers "h'.ho 4.60 4.00 3.50 "'2.' 56" 2.26 2.00 1.75 1.60 1.75 1.50 2.50 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.60 1.75 4.50 72 Utica 75 1.75 1.50 1.75 . 1.75 j 1,000 450 148 14 New Jersey: 1,200 1,000 1,000 19 Jersev Citv 2.50 3.00 52 1,800 1,000 '""966' 2.00 1.50 2.00 1.60 3.00 3.00 2.60 4.00 74 8 ^■^76 (') 2.00 98 Bayonne 2.00 2.00 2.25 101 Atlantic City , 1,200 1,080 1,080 149 West Hoboken 0) 18,000 2,000 2,000 (>) 3,000 !'L 2,600 (') 2,000 m 6,000 1,600 t^ 1,400 ''4 W 1,200 i'l 1,320 1,200 W 1,291 900 '""'966' 840 2.00 PfiTiTisylvania: "'i'.75 3.33 3.50 P) (■) 0) g Pittsburgh 2.25 2.00 2.00 ""i'so" 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.50 2.00 1.67 1.60 1.60 2.00 1.50 1,500 600 1,200 600 ""'666' (') 1.65 2.00 51 Reading 83 Wilkes-Barre ■"■3.' 66' 3.00 2.26 1.75 1.50 84 Erie 87 1.60 2.00 2.60 1.60 2.00 1.60 102 2.00 3.00 2.00 960 600 2.00 $6.60 111 York . . .. 1 129 960 2.50 4.80 2.70 2.00 2.60 2.00 1.75 1.80 1,200 900 900 2.60 2.00 Hfi New Castle 840 • Salaries and wages for employees not reported here are shown in other columns of the table, owing to the tact that no segregation of employees vras made on the pay roll. GENERAL TABLES. CLASSES OP CITY EMPLOYEES: 1909. that used for the same city in the other tables of this report; see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 82.] 19L STEEET-CLEANINO SEBVICE. DUST-PKEVENTION SERVICE. GENEBAL HIOHWAT SERVICE. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skiUed labor- ers. wages team- sters. Wages of un- skiUed labor- ers. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skiUed labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skilled labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skiUed labor- ers. 1 An- nual. Daily. An- nual. Daily. An- nual. Daily. $1,673 $1,071 $912 $2.76 $2.87 $1.96 $1.84 $1,350 $682 $972 $2.76 $2.00 $2.15 $2,644 $1,712 $953 $2.95 $3.11 $1.98 $1.88 1,962 1,775 1,497 1,394 2,066 1,067 1,190 1,018 912 1,416 944 811 856 853 1,196 2.93 3.42 2.54 2.62 3.20 2.84 2.09 2.70 2.77 3.62 2.03 1.54 1.90 1.72 2.60 1.86 1.53 1.79 1.69 2.60 (1) 1,200 1,040 1,440 1,800 663 692 625 551 942 1,040 858 900 750 1,200 2.71 2.03 1.65 1.98 1.73 2.62 1.84 "i.'75" 1.76 2.83 2,694 2,782 2,662 2,266 3,298 1,684 1,571 1,766 1,519 2,089 944 888 1,008 866 1,149 2.94 2.73 2.86 2.82 3.52 3.19 2.74 3.09 2.72 3.74 2.05 1.65 1.94 1.67 2.61 1.90 1.53 1.81 1.68 2.64 2.50 3.30 I.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE NOETH ATLANTIC DIVISION. $900 (') 2,400 (') 1,600 ^'} « 4,700 1,200 1,200 (') (') 4,000 3,000 1,500 1,600 1,800 ('^ (') 1,000 1,800 4,000 0) 1,500 800 1,320 (') 1,200 1,200 t^ 900 900 1,200 1,200 760 2,960 (>) 1,900 750 CJ (.'■) 810 625 (') P) 1,300 1,050 1,000 ('^ (») 1,050 750 676 900 1,300 2,000 (') W 780 0) 750 C) C) 450 ,080 (0 608 1, $1,070 1,050 W '756' 900 1,000 1,126 936 P) 600 1,144 1,050 720 '966 1,300 900 (') (') $2.95 (') 3.00 2.75 4.50 3.00 3.25 3.00 (') 2.60 2.25 « 2.87 m (') 2.75 3.00 3.00 2.50 4.60 2.60 2.70 2.00 2.75 2.60 3.50 3.60 2.50 2.76 2.60 2.75 2.00 2.00 3.00 W (') (') 8 $2.25 « 1.67 4.13 2.60 3.50 (■) (') $2.50 m 2.38 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.45 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.14 G) 2.00 2.25 2.25 h 2.00 2.00 2.25 (') 0) 2.00 1.75 1.85 2.00 1.90 2.32 1.60 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.25 1.76 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.00 3.60 1.60 1.75 2.00 2.25 1.60 2.20 2.00 2.25 2.00 P) 2.50 1.50 1.60 2.00 1.50 1.50 2.33 2.00 2.00 « $2.25 (') 2.25 1.76 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.00 (') 2.00 2.26 2.25 « (') 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.63 <'J 2.00 1.75 1.85 1.76 1.76 2.32 2.00 1.60 1.70 1.75 1.00 2.25 1.75 1.75 1.60 1.75 1.60 2.00 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.60 2.20 2.00 2.00 1.65 (') 2.00 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.60 2.00 1.50 1.80 w P) P) 8 1,200 975 675 460 750 600 (') (') 0) 625 450 525 460 P) 525 P) 675 450 660 600 P) P) 480 P) 780 P) P) 540 $1,200 P) P) 720 P) P) P) $2.60 8 3.26 8 2.00 p) p) 3.00 p) 3.00 ■«■■ p) p) p) p) p) p) p) $1.75 2.25 P) 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.25 1.60 2.50 2.00 2.25 2.16 2.00 1.76 2.00 2.00 1.50 P) P) 1.75 2.00 2.25 1.75 1.60 2.60 2.50 2.00 3.50 P) 1.75 2.00 2.25 1.50 2.20 2.00 P) 2.00 $2.25 P) 2.33 2.00 1.80 8 p) 1.60 P) P) 1.60 I. 2.00 |. $2,400 P) 3,500 3,000 P) 2,700 2,500 2,700 1,800 2,300 2,500 2,000 2 3,600 1,750 P) 1,800 1,600 4,000 1,400 1,600 1,800 1,700 35,000 P) 1,500 2,760 24,000 25,000 P) 2,000 5,000 P) ?:? 24,200 p) 1,850 P) P) 2,000 3,000 1,500 P) ?S P) 1,800 24,000 P) P) 4,000 2,000 2,600 P) 2,500 2,000 2,600 P) 3,000 2,000 900 P) 2,000 P) $1,600 P) 3,000 1,500 1,106 1,600 900 1,500 1,500 1,250 2,000 1,092 P) 1,500 786 2,000 912 760 1,600 1,100 24,500 P) 1,050 P) 2,500 2,200 P) 1,800 5,000 P) 33,500 P) 750 1,600 2,000 1,800 P) 1,250 P) P) P) P) 1,000 2,500 P) 2,400 1,500 1,500 P) 1,300 P) 1,080 P) 1,200 1,200 800 P) 1,200 P) $1,250 'i,'692' 450 816 750 912 1,000 1,252 925 1,200 740 1,144 720 "m" P) 1,055 792 P) 1,000 P) $2.63 P) 4.40 3.00 3.00 3.33 4.60 3.00 3.00 3.33 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.60 2.62 3.25 2.58 2.93 2.60 4.50 3.00 3.33 2.67 2.50 1.75 4.83 3.00 2.50 2.00 2.25 3.00 2.50 3.25 3.00 3.00 P) 2.88 2.00 3.50 2.50 $2.25 P) 3.75 3.39 3.33 2.65 3.75 2.75 2.75 2.76 3.45 3.65 3.00 3.00 2.87 2.98 2.36 2.75 3.00 3.67 2.42 3.33 3.50 2.60 3.25 3.00 4.35 2.86 3.20 2.00 2.75 3.62 2.50 2.60 3.50 4.50 4.00 4.00 3.00 P) 3.60 2.25 3.00 6.50 6.00 2.50 3.50 ■ 2.50 2.50 1 3.60 2.75 • 2.75 $2.00 P) 2.26 1.76 2.38 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.45 2.26 2.00 2.25 2.14 2.60 2.00 2.26 2.33 2.12 2.16 2.33 2.00 2.07 1.57 1.77 1.76 2.00 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.90 2.34 1.50 P) 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.00 3.60 1.50 2.00 1.50 2.20 2.25 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.50 2.75 1.60 2.00 2.00 1.60 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.50 $1.75 P) 2.25 1.90 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.26 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.00 2.60 2.00 2.25 2.33 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.53 1.77 1.67 2.00 1.75 1.80 1.75 1.75 2.35 1.90 1.70 1.85 1.50 2.27 2.00 1.76 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.60 2.50 1.60 1.50 1.50 2.00 3.00 1.50 2.20 2.00 1.87 1.65 1.60 1.50 2.00 1.65 1.60 1.70 2.00 1.60 1.60 2.00 1.60 1.80 90 77 5 31 38. 44 45 54 £8 eo- 62 70 93 94 123 124 126. 133 141 161 152 154 24- 105 34 48 SO! 73 127 1 lO' 25 33 47 64 65 72 75 110 143 148 14 19 36 62 65 74 76 98 101 115 149' 3 8 35 51 83 84 87 95 102 lot 111 118 129 136 14& ' City or consulting engineer. 8 Commissioner of board of public works. * Not reported. 192 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 33.— SALARIES AND WAGES OF SPECIFIED [The cities in each state are arranged in the order of their size. The number assigned to each city corresponds with GEOGRAPHIC DnmSION, STATE, AND CITY. Population, SEWEB SEBVICE. EEFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. ^ A Highest salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skilled labor- ers. Wap team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skiUed labor- ers. Wa^es team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. 1 An- nual. Daily. An- nual. Daily. II.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION. "19 Delaware: Wilmin^nn 86,444 554,095 326,430 116,053 66,492 41,396 58,564 135,916 64,725 40,899 35,502 53,608 S2,000 2 4,500 3,000 2,400 2,400 1,127 t^ 2,400 81,320 2,400 2,100 1,750 (') 675 {') 900 940 (1) 900 1,100 $929 900 925 $3.00 4.00 S5.00 3.60 3.60 $1.50 2.50 1.60 $1.50 2.00 1.76 2.00 1.76 2.00 1.26 1.40 1.40 2.00 1.26 1.50 $936 736 (>) "1,2m' 720 $1.50 1.67 $1.50 1.67 1.60 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.25 1.10 1.25 1.50 1.08 1.35 6 Maryland: Baltimore (') (') $1,600 (') 2,400 1,180 2,400 1,600 1,300 1,350 2,400 m. (') $900 1,200 720 16 District of Columbia: 40 Virginia: " $2.00 2.00 1.75 R1 Norfolk 2.25 3.64 1.76 2.00 2.00 (') 4.00 2.60 1.75 2.00 1.26 (') 1.50 0) 2.00 no West Virginia: Wheeling 60 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 $1.91 1.75 2.00 1.76 2.00 ■■'i.'re' 2.00 1.93 2.00 1.60 1.60 2.00 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.60 1.76 1.85 $3,000 0) 1,200 $2,000 $3.25 3.00 $1.93 2.13 3.50 2.00 1.75 $1.78 1.75 2.00 ■■■i:85^ $1,080 2.60 ■"$2' is' 2.60 2.87 "'3.' 83' 3.00 ?i 1% ■"i,"266' 2.87 1.75 1.93 44,688 228,690 68 747 1.93 792 ""906' '"i'm p) 925 780 1,125 900 (') 1.67 1.67 2.00 60,925 57,316 52,087 2,142,156 62,095 66,682 48,799 44,240 36,557 34,198 447,484 110,060 1,126 762 1,344 ■■'■726' 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.00 'i'.m ""5.06' 2.25 2.00 4.54 4.66 3.29 "3.06' 2.30 1,500 1,000 900 720 0) 1,100 2,000 a 1,200 900 720 900 600 720 (■) 720 900 ■■■■726' 1.50 1.50 2.00 l.*0 1.75 1.75 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.89 1.90 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.75 978 "■'846' "i'so" 2.50 2.50 3.50 2.60 3.00 3.00 • 2.60 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.360 ^V20 1,200 900 702 44,492 37,999 359,060 39,695 36,976 32,615 30,176 294,330 211,663 76 038 1.10 1.7S 2.25 1.80 2.00 2.25 1.80 1.75 2.26 2.00 1.90 2.40 2.25 1.75 1.75 660 1.50 2.00 (') (■) {') 3,300 1,290 1,200 1,650 900 1,200 780 2,400 90O 900 720 (') ""956' 1,200 1,200 900 720 600 2,400 750 780 600 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.26 2.00 1.35 2.00 2.25 2.00 2.00 1.80 1.98 1.67 1.67 ""m 3.50 3.00 2.63 3.44 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.25 1.76 2.00 1,200 960 720 840 900 720 780 ■■"846' 600 84,692 46,690 42,495 39,065 677,123 241 767 3.00 "'i'oo' 4.00 2.50 3,00 1.76 ""m ""m "i,m 720 2.91 3.67 "'2.' 60' 3.50 4.30 5.60 2.26 2.60 4.80 2.17 1.75 1.75 2.02 1.71 1.75 3.26 2.60 1.67 877U03 31 936 122,187 43,635 26,235 74,798 48,806 43,631 2.00 1.76 P) 2.00 1.76 (') 1.73 1.75 2.00 ■4.00 1,200 900 720 3.60 2.88 780 620 620 1.67 1.76 2.00 1 Salaries and wages for employees not reported here are shown in other columns of the table, owing to the fact that no segregation of employees was made on the pay roll. •City or consulting engineer. GENERAL TABLES. CLASSES OF CITY EMPLOYEES: 1909-Continued. that used for the same city in the other tables of this report; see page 85. For a text discussion of this table, see page 82.) 193 STBEET-CLEANDIQ SEKVICE. DVSr-PBEVENTIOII SERVICE. GENEBAl HIGHWAY SEKVICE. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skilled labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of •foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skiUed labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. High- est salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and skilled labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. 1 An- nual. Daily. An- nual. Daily. An- nual. Daily. a II.— CITIES IN STATES OP THE SOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION. « »2,S0O 2,600 G) 1,600 C) 1,200 1,500 1,350 (') (■) (') t936 2,400 1,600 (■) 1,200 W 900 960 625 (■) 900 « 735 1,100 720 900 960 625 600 720 $2.00 2.25 3.00 S2.53 2.00 SI. SO 1.67 1.50 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.00 1.25 1.75 $1.50 1.67 1.50 2.00 1.76 2.00 1.25 1.10 1.50 1.50 1.25 1.35 $1,200 « (■) (') $936 780 G) 525 (') $936 780 (') (') $1.50 1.67 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.60 1.50 (') 1.76 (■) $2,000 (■) 3,000 M,500 2 4,800 1,200 2,500 3,000 2,400 '3,600 1,800 1,800 (■) (■) $2,260 W 2,400 1,000 1,400 « 1,600 1,500 1,200 1,320 (0 $1,200 965 720 900 800 600 1,200 720 $3.00 2.95 2.25 $2.26 2.19 3.25 3.20 2.75 2.60 2.40 2.36 4.00 2.50 $1.60 « 1.50 2.00 1.60 2.00 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.25 1.50 $1.50 (') 1.50 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.25 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.25 1.35 16 40 81 130 32 185 131 147 96 III.— CITIES IN STATES OP THE NOETH CENTEAL DIVISION. $1,800 1,800 900 « 1,100 675 ^'i25 1,200 1,200 1,500 (') 900 w (') 780 720 900 630 0) (■) 825 C) 0) 1,000 720 (■) « 1,000 (0 (*) 1,800 900 840 900 900 90O 720 1,800 1,500 780 720 1,200 840 (■) 720 900 0) $900 900 1,100 1,200 991 (■) "'726' 840 900 900 600 720 720 (') $2.86 3.00 2.25 3.00 2.25 2.10 2.00 2.75 C) '2.25' "2.'38 3.00 2.52 2.50 2.75 2.50 2.60 $3.03 3.00 3.00 2.75 1.93 3.00 (0 2.06 (') 3.26 2.25 $2.00 2.13 2.50 (■) 1.75 2.25 1.76 1.75 1.93 1.66 1.60 1.60 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.67 1.76 1.76 2.00 1.80 G) 1.80 2.00 0) 2.26 2.16 2.00 1.76 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 1.75 1.75 2.15 2.00 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.75 2.00 1.98 1.75 2.00 SI. 71 1.75 2.00 1.62 1.75 1.80 1.75 1.75 1.93 1.60 1.60 1.36 2.00 1.76 2.00 1.76 2.00 1.75 1.33 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.76 (■) 1.80 2.00 (0 2.25 1.65 1.50 1.75 2.00 1.51 2.00 2.25 1.75 1.75 1.80 1.60 1.74 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.76 2.00 1.75 1.75 2.00 (') « (') « 0) (') $900 720 1,500 (') (■) (■) C) S750 (■) « 525 (■) 600 (') (') 540 (') X') C) 600 0) 600 (■) 640 760 (■) (') G) 0) $900 « (') W 900 900 $2.50 (■) (') (') 2.50 2.50 S2.60 1.60 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.80 1.80 2.00 (') 2.25 3.25 2.00 2.00 1.75 2.15 2.00 1.75 2.00 (') $1.75 $2,200 2,100 2,400 1,500 2,000 1,800 1,500 (■) 1,800 1,500 900 (') 0) 3,000 1,000 1,000 0) 1,100 <■') 0) (') (■) (■) 836 (<) 3,000 2,000 2,500 1.800 1,380 (') ?^ 0) (') 0) (■) $900 1,350 900 1,200 818 1,809 780 "966' 1,025 (') 840 804 (>) 780 (■) $3.65 3.00 3.60 2.50 3.00 2.83 3.52 (■) 2.70 3.00 1.75 2.00 3.39 2.44 (') 2.73 3.63 2.50 3.42 2.60 3.60 2.77 1.76 $3.45 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.75 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.98 3.17 3.29 (') 3.75 2.50 (■) 3.00 2.50 2.26 2.69 2.13 3.00 (') 4.02 3.30 2.50 4.80 3.00 $2.00 2.13 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.26 1.76 C) 1.93 1.76 1.66 1.60 2.00 (') 2.00 1.75 1.60 0) 2.00 (') 1.80 (') 2.00 2.26 (') 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 (■) 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.75 (') 2.00 (') 2.00 "Commissioner of board of public works. < Not reported. 92775° -13 13 6 Commissioner of department of public works. ' Population for April 15, 1910; estimate for 1909 can not be made. $1.30 1.75 2.00 1.76 1.80 1.75 W 1.93 1.70 1.60 1.36 2.00 (') 2.00 2.10 1.50 « 2.20 (■) 1.75 1.76 1.80 (') (') 1.75 2.25 (■) 1.50 1.75 2.00 1.61 2.00 (') 1.75 1.75 1.87 1.73 1.73 2.00 2.00 1.75 (>) 1.74 (') 2.00 7 12 29 30 46 67 80 107 114 21 78 88 91 100 2 86 92 109 117 144 150 9 42 106 116 137 13 132 142 153 156 17 26 68 61 112 128 134 4 20 63 165 37 119 158 71 108 121 194 GENERAL STATISTICS OF CITIES. Table 33.— SALARIES AND WAGES OP SPECIFIED [The cities in each state are arranged in the order of their size. The number assigned to each city corresponds with GEOGBAPHIO DTnSXON, STATE, AND CITY. Population. SEVER SERVICE. REFUSE-DISPOSAL SERVICE. 1 Highest salary paid. Next highest salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. ' Wages ^ iS- ^t™- ers. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. Highest salary paid. Next highest salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chanics and skUled labor- ers. wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. a 3 An- nual. Daily. An- nual. DaUy. IV.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL DIVISION. 9.?, Kentucky: 222,293 52, 720 30,130 116,706 109,619 43,634 36,017 68,600 61,250 37,888 334,470 92,777 87,606 75,949 66,420 3 36,981 63,273 44,844 1 $6,000 2,100 1,800 1,800 (') 2,400 P) 1,500 2,400 2,000 2,400 3,000 2,400 1,200 1,200 $5,000 1,800 1,S00 1,200 (') 1,800 m 900 1,910 m 1,800 1,500 1,200 1,500 1,200 1,200 1,200 (?) "'$825' 976 1,080 •■•(V)""' 900 840 900 720 "i,'266' 670 1,140 900 $3.00 $3.00 $1.76 1.76 1.75 2.00 $1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 $1,600 m 1,200 1,800 P) 1,600 1,200 t^ P) 840 $1,100 1,200 720 1,200 1,080 780 840 $900 $1.75 1.88 1.75 1.63 2,00 1.26 1.25 1.25 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 $1.75 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.25 1.25 2 00 1.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 99 Covington 157 Newport 3.00 1.75 39 Tennessee: 43 NashviUe 720 1'>0 Chattanooga 2.60 "■■«" 1.25 m 1.25 1.75 1.00 2.00 1.25 1.25 2.00 1.00 2.00 $2.75 14') TTTioTrvillft , . 79 Alabama: 780 103 Mobile IIS Montgomery Louisiana: 3.00 ""s.'oo" 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.75 880 780 840 900 1'i V\ Texas: San Antonio . . . 56 Dfl.llfl.c5 "■2.'66' 2.60 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.60 ri9 1,800 600 82 Fort Worth 140 3.00 2.50 2.60 1.67 1,500 1,800 1,200 1,500 1,200 900 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 97 Oklahoma: 113 Arkansas: Little Rock v.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE WESTERN DIVISION. 135 27 125 11 18 41 122 Montana: Butte Colorado: Denver Pueblo Utah: Salt Lake City., Washington: Seattle Spokane Tacoma Oregon: Portland California: San Francisco.. Los Angeles Oakland Sacramento 207, 42, 87, 221, 98, 76, 190, 410, 290, 115, 43, 669 S2,500 0) 2,000 1,500 (2) (.') 3,000 2,340 1,800 m $1,800 m 1,600 1,320 m 1,140 900 (.") 2,400 2,340 1,575 1,560 $3.60 2.25 $3.60 3.00 2.33 2.25 2.50 3.00 2.25 (') 4.00 2.25 2.50 2.60 $4,000 . 9Q0 900 1,600 1,200 720 1,650 $1,600 600 900 760 1,080 720 1,200 $3.50 13.50 IT* $1,660 936 1,200 l',169 1,104 900 (}) ■••(•<•)■■■ "1,2m' S900 900 900 999 2,00 2,25 2.00 2.25 2.50 2,75 2,40 3,00 3?0 $3.50 5.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 2.25 (2) 3.00 2.50 3.00 2.50 491 917 1,020 2,75 017 $5.00 C) 6.00 1,200 343 868 1,800 1,440 1,320 1,060 1,200 1,320 2.50 3.50 2,50 2,50 2,50 '1'i') 5.00 3.50 4,14 330 1,200 1 City or consulting engineer, 8 Salaries and wages for employees not reported here are shown in other columns of the table, owing to the fact that no segregation of employees was made on the pay roU. GENERAL TABLES. CLASSES OP CITY EMPLOYEES: 1909— Continued. that used for the same city in the other tables of this report; see page 85. Tor a text discussion of this table, see page 82.] 195 STREET-CLEANING SEEVICE. DUST-PKEVENTION SEKVICE. GENEBAL HIGHWAY SERVICE. Highest salary paid. Next highest salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages of me- chan- ics and Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. Highest salary paid. Next high- est salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. Wages ofme- chan- Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. Highest salary paid. Next highest salary paid. Salaries of foremen and inspectors. ■ Wages of me- chan- ics and skilled labor- ers. Wages team- sters. Wages of un- skilled labor- ers. i An- nual. Daily. skilled labor- ers. An- nual. Daily. skilled labor- ers. An- nual. Daily. b IV.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL DIVISION. S1,S00 900 900 m m m 2,400 1,200 1,600 1,800 1,200 1,620 1,500 m 1,200 1,200 1,200 $1,100 m 720 900 780 1,200 1,200 1,000 900 900 900 '?20 936 450 '"'§720' 900 $3.00 2.50 '$3.'66' $1.76 1.88 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.35 1.25 1.75 1.00 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.00 2.00 1.60 $1.76 1.76 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.35 1.25 1.76 1.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.60 $3,000 m 13,600 2,400 ^^] 2,400 3,000 2,400 2,500 1,800 1,500 1,800 1,600 1,920 2,100 1,800 $2,600 ^] 2,000 1,800 1% 1,000 1,800 1,600 2,400 780 1,200 1,500 1,200 1,092 1,200 1,620 $3.00 3.00 $3.00 4.00 $1.75 1.88 m 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.36 1.25 2.33 1.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 "2.' 66' 1.25 $1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.36 1.25 1.76 1.00 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 m $1,380 1,500 $525 450 $1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.26 "$i.'75' 99 (.') 157 $900 '""eoo" 780 900 900 1,100 780 ""966' 810 900 960 "2.' 48' 2.60 "3" 66' 3.00 3.00 2.37 2.20 1.76 3.00 3.00 3.60 3.00 2.68 2.80 2.75 2.60 2.50 2.50 1.96 39 2.00 $720 43 120 145 780 iil m m 'So 600 780 1.25 1.76 m 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 "W 79 2.60 103 900 780 900 900 900 900 138 2.60 l.'i 53 56 3.25 2.50 64 82 m 600 2.00 2.00 m 140 3.00 97 113 v.— CITIES IN STATES OF THE WESTEEN DIVISION. $1,800 1,800 m (2). 3,600 ^] 2,100 2,100 1,260 1,800 m $1,600 1,200 1,800 1% 1,140 1,640 1,260 1,800 1,200 $5.00 2.40 5.00 "3.' 16' 2.75 $3.50 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 2.60 3.00 2.50 $3.60 2.26 2.00 1.80 2.60 2.76 2.25 2.60 3.00 2.60 2.50 2.50 m $1,800 m m (2) (2) 0) m m 1% m $1,200 600 900 m 1,080 676 1,200 $3.60 2.26 2.00 2.25 $3.50 2.50 2.60 i$4,000 1,680 1,800 17,600 2,400 (*) 2,400 3,000 3,600 3,000 13,600 m $3,000 600 1,500 4,200 1,320 1,320 1,800 2,100 2,640 2,400 2,100 $6.00 2.40 2.00 3.25 $3.50 2.26 2.00 2.26 $3.60 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 2.25 2.50 3.00 2.60 2.60 2.50 135 $780 1,159 "i,'266' 1,140 1,640 1,260 "$2.'66' 3.00 "3.' 66' $1,200 $1,120 1,027 1,100 1,200 1,300 — (V)— '$2.'66' 2.58 97 I""! $3.00 57 ■"I 3.60 3.66 2.26 2.60 3.00 2.50 3.10 2.60 5.00 "4.' 66' 4.00 5.00 3.10 3.90 5.00 3.50 4.00 4.00 3.60 2.25 2.60 3.00 2.60 3.00 2.60 49 66 m 28 11 "4.' 66' 4.00 3.60 1,200 1,200 1R 41 122 ' Fopulation for April 15, 1910; estimate for 1909 can not be made. < Not reported. INDEX. Accounts, schemes for uniform, 14; different orders of, 15. Alleys, classes of, 64, 148; length, area, and average width, 74, 172. Ashes, collection and disposal of, 40, 44, 120; cities with private arrangements for col- lecting, 48. Asphalt repair plants, cities operating, 74. Bridges, highway, number, length, and area, 76; over 50 feet in length, 76, 176; under 50 feet, 77, 182; cost of construction, 77. steam railroad, number and length, 79. Butchers' and market wastes, cities with private arrangements for collecting, 48. City numbers, list of, 85. Conduits, length of, 80. Dead animals, collection of, 42; tons disposed of, 46, 49, 50; cities with private arrange- ments for collecting, 48. Docks and wharves, cities reporting, 81. Drawbridges, number, classified by type, 77, 78. Durable pavements, classified by kind of surface, 66, 154; length and area, 67, 154; laid by contract and by city employees, 70, 160. Dust-prevention service, character and im- portance of, 59; accounts, records, and reports, 59; sprinkling with water, 60, 138; use of dust preventives other than water, 62, 144; salaries and wages of employees, 82-84, 191. Elevated street railways, mileage of, 78. Employees, salaries and wages of, 82-84, 190, 191. Expenditures, primary classification of, 14. Foremen and inspectors, salaries of, 83, 190, 191. Garbage, use of term, 36; collection of, 40, 120; disposal of, by city employees, 43; by contractors, 44; cities with private ar- rangements for collecting, 47; quantity reduced, 49; quantity incinerated, 50. Gravel pits, cities operating, 75. Highway service; accounts, records, and re- ports, 63; salaries and wages of employees, 82-84, 191. Highways, use of term, 63; length and area of paved streets, 65, 72, 148, 151, 154, 163, 165, 167, 168, 170; of alleys, 74, 148, 172; of sidewalks, 75, 174; of bridges, 76, 77, 176, 182; street lighting, 80, 184; mileage and per cent distribution of streets and alleys, 148; area of principal classes of street pavements laid by contract and by city employees, 160. Incineration plants, cities reporting, 50; quantity of refuse incinerated, 50. Inspectors. See Foremen, etc. Mechanics and skilled laborers, wages of, 83, 84, 190, 191. Nondurable pavements, classified by kind of surface, 68, 155; laid by contract and by city employees, 70, 160. Oil, use of, as dust preventive, 62, 144. Outlays, classes of, 14. Pavements, street, area laid by contract and by city employees, 70, 160. bitulithic, use of term, 66; average life in years, 70; average cost of laying, 71; classified by year in which laid, 72, 165; length and area, 154. block-asphalt, average cost of laying, 71; length and area, 154. brick, average life in years, 67, 69; av- erage cost of laying, 71; classified by year in which laid, 72, 168; length and area, 155. — — cobblestone, length and area, 154. creosoted wood-block, average life in years, 70; average cost of laving, 71; clas- sified by year in which laid, 72, 167; length and area, 155. granite and Belgian block, use of term, 66; average cost of laying, 71; length and area, 154. oil-bound macadam, length and area, 68, 155. — — sheet-asphalt, use of term, 66; average life in years, 69; average cost of laying, 71; classified by year in which laid, 72, 163; length and area, 154. tar-bound macadam, average cost of laying, 71; length and area, 154. untreated wood-block, average cost of laying, 71; length and area, 155. water-bound gravel, use of term, 68; length and area, 155. water-bound macadam, use of term, 68; length and area, 155; classified by year in which laid, 72, 170. See also Durable pavements and Nondu- rable pavements. Quarries, cities operating, 75. Reduction plants, cities operating, 49; quantity of refuse reduced, 49. Refuse, classes of, 36; methods of collection, 36, 39; of disposal, 37, 42; collection of garbage, ashes, and rubbish, 40, 41, 120; of dead animals, 42; cities reporting sort- ing of, 42; collection and disposal under private arrangement of householder, 47; reduction plants, 49; incineration plants, 50; horses employed by city in disposal of, 51; cities obtaining revenues from dis- posal of, 52; expenses of collection and disposal, 120. Refuse-disposal service, accounts, records, and reports, 37 ; quantity of garbage, ashes, and rubbish collected, 39, 120; number of employees, 39, 120; expenses of collection and disposal, 39, 51, 120; salaries and wages of employees, 82-84, 190. Rubbish, use of term, 36; collection and dis- posal of, 41, 44, 50, 120; cities with pri- vate arrangements for collecting, 48. Salaries of highest paid officials, 82, 190, 191; of foremen and inspectors, 83, 190, 191. Sewer service, use of term, 18; inadequacy of records, 18; scheme of accounts, 18; salariesand wages of employees, 82-84, 190; population and area served, 88; expenses of operation and maintenance, 89. Sewers, mileage of, 20, 21, 22, 88, 94, 97; con- struction material, 21, 88, 94; manholes, 22, 89; catch basins, 22, 29, 89, 109; out- lets, 23, 89; means of ventilation, 23; in- o Sewers — Continued, verted siphons and siphons, 23, 89; storm- water overflows, 23, 89; distance from sewer outlet to nearest waterworks intake, 23; cost, or replacement value, of system, 23, 89; mileage built, 24, 97; classified by builder, 24, 97; methods of financing con- struction, 24; charges or special assess- ments for maintenance, 27; expenses of operation and maintenance, 27, 100; average number of employees, 27, 100; house connections, 27, 104; flushing of, 28, 108; cleaning of, 29, 109; volume of sew- age discharged, 29, 30, 114; pumping of sewage, 30, 117; sewage-purification sys- tems, 31, 32, 118, 119; sludge produced and disposition of, 31; cost of precipitation tanks, 32; removal of night soil, 34. Sidewalks, number of cities reporting, 75; length of, 76, 174. Skilled laborers. See Mechanics, etc. Snow and ice removal, department super- vising, 55, 136; expenses of, 58, 136. Sprinkling. See Street sprinkling with oU and Street sprinkling with water. Steam railroad crossings, niimber and length, 78, 79. Street cleaning, necessity for, 54; methods of, 55; classification of records, 56; paved streets and alleys regularly cleaned, 57, 124, 130; occasionally cleaned, 57, 125; changes in character of service, 57; per- centage of area swept, 57; frequency of, 58, 130; average number of employees, 58, 133. Street-cleaning service, disposal of refuse, 54; accounts, records, and reports, 55; snow and ice removal, 55, 58, 136; imper- fections of statistics, 57 ; salaries and wages of employees, 82-84, 191. Street lighting, expenses of, 80, 186; number of cities using specified style of, 81; total number of lights in 1907 and 1909, 81. Street pavements. See Pavements, etc. Street sprinkling with oil, 62, 144. Street sprinkling with water, length and area of streets regularly sprinkled, 60, 138; sprinkling by car sprinklers, 60, 189; quantity of water used, 61, 139; coat of, 61, 139; frequency of, 61, 139; special assess- ments for, 62; sprinkling by private asso- ciations, 62; number of employees, 138; equipment used, 138. Streets, classes of, 64,, 148, 151; length and area, with durable pavements, 65, 67, 148, 151, 154; with nondurable pavements, 65, 148, 151, 155. paved, length, area, and width of, 65, 151 ; classified according to kind of surface, 154. unpaved, length of, 73, 148. Subways and tunnels for street cars, 80. Teamsters, wages of, 84, 190, 191. Unskilled laborers, wages of, 84, 190, 191. Wages, of mechanics and skilled laborers, 83, 84, 192, 193; of teamsters, 84, 190, 191; of unskilled laborers, 84, 190, 191. Warehouses, number, and area of floor space, 81. Waste paper, disposal of, 45; cities with private arrangements for collecting, 48. Wharves. (See Docks, etc. 197