THE MARYGOLD BY TEMPLE BAR Wj •;i'iiw»"v' jt&j) mm ?r«J j»,^l-«f^;;«| S ►- F^ &»-Z ^#=^s fill F. G-HlUrON PRICE ^ 'L^-^.tLi J^' 2^rt> Ax^^.U'^^,-i^- &^-^.'i<-. ■Lf^-r^ |_X<„ I Wjv >_ -"^s-* i~' j tt>. THE MARYGOLD BY TEMPLE BAR F. G. HILTON PRICE. THIS EDITION CONSISTS OF 250 COPIES. This is Number C*"^* '«S Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030197754 Plate I. Frontispiece. THE SIGN OF THE MARYGOLD. THE MARYGOLD BY TEMPLE BAR Being a History of the Site now occupied by No. I, Fleet Street, the Banking House of Messrs. Child 8c Co. WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS By F. G. HILTON PRICE, Dm. S.A. LONDON : BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY 1902 3'S3'?5& 79 PREFACE, In the year 1875 ^ printed for private circulation a short history of the banking house of Messrs. Child & Co., entitled " Temple Bar ; or, Some Account of Y° Marygold," and in the same year it was read as a paper before the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, and was reprinted by them with lithographic illustrations. Since that time I have collected more materials, which have enabled me to correct some errors which had crept into the first account, and to make some important additions. One of the most interesting discoveries which I have been able to record is that the site occupied by the Bank was in the thirteenth century the site of a monastery of Carmelite Friars, subvaults and foundations of which were brought to light when the old house was demolished. I have thus been able to trace the ownership of the site from the year 1241 to the present day, a period covering 661 years. The first few pages of the present book are occupied by an introduction which gives an account of the Goldsmiths' business from the earliest times to the end of the XVIIth century. A few extracts from accounts in the ledgers of Messrs. Child & Co., relating to the purchase of plate and jewels, are also added, as they are interesting as showing the prices paid for such articles in former days. As Messrs. Child & Co. possess a valuable collection of autographs, consisting of the cheques and letters of customers who had accounts with them in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, I have compiled a list of them, illustrating it with a few facsimiles of the most interesting specimens. At the end of the book will be found many Appendices relating to " The Marygold," a copy of the account of the Executors of Madam Eleanor Gwyn, of King William III. and Queen Mary for jewels presented by their Majesties to sundry Foreign Ambassadors, and many extracts from the books of Alderman Edward Backwell relating to the garrison and sale of Dunkirk. F. G. HILTON PRICE. July, igo2. ( ix ) CONTENTS. Z I n^ Introduction — Notes on the Early History of Banking . Chapter I. — Descent of Ownership of the Site of the Marygold . II. — John Land, his Parentage, Birthplace and Benefactions III. — The Sign of the Marygold IV. — The Customs and Partnership of Messrs. Child's Bank V. — The Banking Business and Notable Accounts Kept VI. — History of the House of Child VII. — Brief History of Osterley Park and its various possessors to THE Earls of Jersey VIII. — The Rebuilding of the Bank Premises page xiii 17 21 36 79 99 104 IX. — Some Notes on the Houses adjacent to the old Banking Premises 106 X. — Interesting Advertisements, &c., relating to Messrs. Child's Bank 115 XI. — A few Remarks about Temple Bar . . . . . , .120 ( x) APPENDICES. No. I. — Abstract of the Ministers' Accounts. The site of the Marygold ,, II. — Particulars for Grants for Thomas Broke, of the Marygold „ III. — Extracts of Letters Patent for Thomas Broke, of the Marygold „ IV.^ Abstract of the Licence to alienate from Tho^ Broke to Henry Leighe ,, V. — Abstract of the inquisition after the death of Henry Leighe . ,, VI. — Abstract of the inquisition after the death of Edward Leighe . ,, VII. — Abstract of the inquisition after the death of Alice Leigh „ VIII. — Abstract of Licence of alienation from Anthony Atwood and wife . „ IX. — Abstract of Fine levied by John Waynwright ag^'. Anthony Atwood and wife ,, X. — Abstract of conveyance from the Attwoods to John Wainwright „ XI. — Abstract of the fine levied on marriage of Joane Everell . ,, XII. — Abstract of inquisition taken after the death of John Wainwright . ,, XIII. — Extract of will of John Waynewright and note of his wife's will „ XIV. — Transcript of Privy Seal for Robert Dixon and wife J oane „ XV. — Abstract of the Licence to alienate for Robert Dixon and wife Joane ,, XVI. — Abstract of the fine levied by EHzabeth Hampden . „ XVII. — Abstract of particulars of the fee farm rent . „ XVIII. — Transcript of the will of John Land „ XIX. — Abstract of the will of Richard Land . „ XX. — Note of commission to John Land on his mother's death ., XXI. — Complaint of the Goldsmiths' Company „ XXII. — Petition of Henry Cogan, Comptroller of the Mint „ XXIII. — Extracts from the will of Robert Blanchard . ,, XXIV.— Nell Gwyn's account at Child's bank . XXV. — Viscount Fauconbridge's bill from Edward Backwell „ XXVI. — Account of William III. and Mary XXVII. — I>etters Patent for payment to Edward Backwell . XXVIII. — Extracts from the will of Sir Francis Child . XXIX.— Bill of fees on Sir Robert Child being created Knight XXX. — Extracts from Edward Backwell's Books relating to Privy Seals and the Sale of Dunkirk PAGE 130 132 133 134 136 138 140 140 141 141 142 143 144 144 145 146 146 147 15° ISO 151 154 155 156 160 161 165 174 176 177 (xi) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. I. The Sign of the Marygold II. Lead Cistern, 1679, at No. i, Fleet Street III. The Shop of the Old Bank IV. Back Premises, once Part of the Sugar Loaf and Green Lattice V. The Clerks' Dining Room in the Old Bank VI. The Counting House of the Old Bank .... VII. The Rt. Hon. Sarah Sophia Child, Countess of Jersey . VIII. Silver Cistern, Sold to the Earl of Rutland in 1682 . IX. Receipt of a Pl.\te Engraver, 1702 X. Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough XI. The First Printed Bank Note issued by Francis Child, 1729 XII. Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland XIII. Nell Gwyn XIV. Three i8th Century Bank Notes XV. Three 19TH Century Cheques XVI. Sir Francis Child the Younger XVII. View of Osterley Park in 1785 XVIII. The Bust of Apollo, and the Kitchen in the Old Bank XIX. The Back Yard of the Sugar Loaf XX. The Kitchen of the Old Bank, 1878 XXI. The Staircase of the Sugar Loaf XXII. Street Front of the Old Bank, 1800 XXII r. Temple Bar, from a Painting by John Collet . XXIV. Pottery, &c., found on the Site of the Old Bank . XXV. Temple B.\r in 1799 XXVI. Temple Bar as it now Stands XXVII. Two Pages of Jewels from Sir Fr.ancis Child's Ledger, about 1700 Frontispiece to face page 8 22 25 28 33 34 36 40 44 46 54 £0 72 76 90 100 108 1 10 1 12 J 14 118 120 122 124 126 164 B 2 xu LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT. Ancient Crypt, Child's Bank, Temple Bar Draft of the Earl of Arran, 1688 . Draft of Harley, ist Earl of Oxford, 1723 . Receipt of Anne, Duchess of Buccleuch, 17 16 Draft of Charles, ist Duke of Bolton, 1689 . Draft of Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, 1704 Draft of Robert Bertie, ist Duke of Ancaster, 1722 Doctor's Receipt for Attending Nell Gwyn in her Last Illness, 1688 Letter of Thomas, ist Duke of Leeds, 1694 . Draft of Elizabeth, Countess of Banbury, 1686 Draft of Hen^iy, ist Duke of Beaufort, 1687 Draft of Wriothesley, 2nd Duke of Bedford, 1707 Draft of John, 4th Lord Brereton, 1683 Draft of Roger, Earl of Castlemaine, 1689 Draft of Philip, 4TH Earl of Chesterfield, 1734 . Memorandum Signed by Robert Blanchard and John, Lord Crewe, 1678 Draft of Robert Feilding, 1688 Draft of Henry, 4TH Lord Herbert of Chirbury, 1687 , Draft of Thomas, ist Duke of Leeds, 1707 Draft of Frances, Duchess of Tyrconnell, 1722 Draft of Charles, ist Duke of Bolton, endorsed by Titus Gates, 1689 PAGE 10 27 29 30 42 45 5° SI SI S2 54 55 56 59 61 62 67 78 Pedigree of Child, of Heddington, co. Wilts to face page 85 INTRODUCTION. NOTES ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF BANKING.' For the earliest records of bankers and goldsmiths we must search amongst the archives of the Hindoos and Chinese. A recent French writer, M. Louis Jacolliot,'' who has spent several years in India, asserts that all the principles of credit which are explained in Roman law, such as novation, renewal, compensation, and confusion, have been in use in Hindostan from the remotest antiquity, and as long ago as 2250 B.C. the Chinese are said to have had a currency ; therefore we may presume that there were bankers in China at that period. Lord Avebury has given some interesting items as to Chinese currency, and further states that they were the inventors of bank notes. There is very little doubt but that the business of money was known to the ancient Egyptians as early, if not earlier than it was to the Chinese and Hindoos. The monuments of the 4th dynasty show us that gold was made into ornaments at that early date ; they consisted of rings, bracelets, armlets, necklaces, earrings, and numerous toilet trinkets, many of which exist of the time of Usertesen I. and Thothmes III., about 2050 and 1310 B.C. respec- tively. Vases, statues, and other objects in gold were in use in Egypt at the same period. Wilkinson's " Ancient Egyptians" gives illustrations from the monuments of goldsmiths working at their trade. Although we have no actual record of bankers, we may feel certain that they existed. Articles purchased were all weighed by the public weighers or notaries, either in the market-place or in the shops of the artificers. In those early times blocks of gold in the form of bricks or rings of gold were the current coin ; but whether they bore any government stamp to denote their purity, or to serve as a test of their value, it has not yet been ascertained, as none of these rings have been discovered. Silver rings were in use in ■ Extracted from a paper read before the Bankers' Institute, 31st October, 1879. = " La Bible dans I'lnde," p. 44. XIV INTRODUCTION. the reign of Thothmes III. At Alnwick Castle there is one of the time of Amenophis III., of the i8th dynasty. Gold is supposed to have been used for money before silver, as in Egypt gold was termed niib, and silver hct nub (white gold), and it was the representative of money ; while in Hebrew kussuf, silver, signified " money," as does argent in French. In neither case was money coined in early times. Herodotus tells us that gold was first coined by the Lydians, and that it was first struck into coin in Egypt by the satrap Aryandes, in the reio-n of Darius. Sir Gardiner Wilkinson states, in his " Ancient Egyptians," that "though stamped money was not used by the ancient Egyptians, we have evidence of weights and measures having been invented by them long before the Greeks existed as a nation ; and it is probable that they v/ere known even in Greece previous to the time of Pheidon." The monuments of ancient Egypt give several examples of the public weighers or notaries weighing merchandise against bricks or rings of gold or silver. A granite block, with an inscription of unusual length, has recently been found, which reveals some interesting accounts of the expenses of keeping up a proper establishment at the tomb of the great Assyrian King, Naromath (Nimrod), at Abydos.' All the separate items are set forth, and were paid in silver money by weight. The price given for two Phoenicians to guard the place was 35 lbs. of silver money. Two pieces of land, of 50 arurae each, cost 5 lbs. in silver money. Six servants for the estate, for whom was paid 3 lbs. and i ounce in silver money for each one. Then follows the charge for maid-servants, the gardener, honey, balsam, incense, spice cakes, harvest workers, &c., all charged upon the treasury of Osiris, to the amount of 110 lbs. 10 ounces of silver money. The date of this was the end of the 22nd dynasty — about 1000 B.C. This is an interesting proof of how payments were made in ancient Egypt. There must have been goldsmiths in Mycenae in the days of Agamemnon and Aegisthus, judging from the large amount of gold treasure discovered in the Acropolis by Dr. Schliemann. ' Brug.sch, "Egypt under the Pharaohs," II., 199-202. INTRODUCTION. XV Homer makes frequent mention of golden armour and inlaid gold and silver shields in the " Iliad." The shield of Achilles, for instance, was inlaid with various metals. Within the past few years great steps have been made in the cuneiform languages, and still more important discoveries have come to light in consequence. We are now in a position to prove that a species of banking was known to the Babylonians in the days of Sennacherib and Esarhaddon, 700 to 677 B.C., and probably a thousand years earlier, as I have been informed by Mr. W. St. Chad Boscawen, the Assyriologist, that there are some contract tablets in the British Museum belonging to the Kassite dynasty, who reigned in Babylonia about 1650 B.C., relating to monetary transactions ; but the Egibi tablets are undoubtedly the earliest that relate to banking. The first relating to this firm was " registered in Babylon in the month of Tasritu, 20th day, in the fourth year of Esarhaddon the king," and one of the contracting parties to this is Marga, the son of Egibi. To the labours of the late Mr. George Smith, of the British Museum, who was sent out, first at the cost of the Daily Telegraph, and secondly by the trustees of the British Museum, and who was so celebrated as a cuneiform scholar, we are indebted for the grand discovery of a large set of terra-cotta tablets, three or four thousand in number, relating to a Babylonian banking firm. About 2,500 of this valuable collection of commercial records, the earliest known, were purchased by Mr. Smith for the trustees of the British Museum, where they were carefully read and assorted by the late Dr. Birch, Mr. St. Chad Boscawen, and Mr. T. G. Pinches ; and through their courtesy I have been permitted to see them, and make this important and valuable addition to these notes. Early in 1876 the trustees of the British Museum received news from the late Sir Henry Rawlinson of a large discovery of tablets near Hillah, a town about four miles south-east of the ruins of Babylon. The tablets were first discovered by the Arabs, during the heavy rains of the wet season of that year, in one of the Tells in the neighbourhood of Hillah. It is their custom at these periods of the year to search for antiquities that are washed out of the mounds. All the tablets were enclosed in earthenware jars, resembling the water-jars of the country, one of which had a cuneiform inscription upon it. Mr. Smith's impression was that the jar was antique, but the characters upon it were forged. The Arabs sold the tablets to the Baghdad dealers, and it was from them that Mr. Smith purchased the XVI INTRODUCTION. collection. Many hundreds of others have subsequently been purchased by the British Museum. As most of my knowledge of this valuable discovery is derived from the letters of Mr. Boscawen, written to the Academy'' or to myself, and subsequently from his papers read before the Society of Biblical Archaeology,^ I can but give abstracts of them. They relate to the oldest known banking firm of the world. The chief importance of these documents consists in the fact of their each bearing the date of the month, day, and regnal year of the monarch in whose reign the transactions were made. These tablets are the cheques, receipts, and other records of a great banking firm of the name of Egibi, whose documents range between the seventh year of Nebuchadnessar II., B.C. 597, to the commencement of the reign of Artaxerxes. One tablet is dated in the fourth year of Nabu-pal-uzur (Nabopalassar) : tablets dated in this reign are exceedingly rare. They are capable of being classified in the following order : — 1. Tablets relating to loans of silver on personal security at certain rates of interest. 2. Loans on landed or house property for certain periods, and with full details, measurements of land, &c. 3. Sales of land ; in one case with a figured plan of the property annexed. 4. Sales of slaves, of a curious nature. In the reign of Nabopalassar there flourished, at Babylon, an important firm of bankers and financial agents, trading under the style of Egibi & Son, and one of the tablets, dated in the month of Elul, in the fourteenth year of Nabu-pal-uzur, relates to a loan by this firm of some money to various persons. The firm evidently acted as a sort of National Bank of Babylonia. Egibi, the founder of the firm, probably lived in the latter part of the reign of Sennacherib, about b.c. 700. In the reign of Esarhaddon, B.C. 677, a contract tablet proves that Marga, son of Egibi, was in the firm. Early in the next reign, that of Nebuchadnessar II., we find that the chief of the firm is S^ila, son of Zirtikin, son of Egibi, whose name appears as party to a large number of transactions in the seventh year of the reign ' "Academy," Dec. 16, 1876; Jan. 27, 1877; and May 19, 1877. ' " Trans. Soc. of Biblical Archaeology," VI., 1-78. INTRODUCTION. -v711 of Nebuchadnessar II., and continues to be head of the firm until the 23rd year of that monarch. In the fifteenth year of this reign his son Nabu-akhi-iddina is taken into the firm, and appears in company with his father as contracting party. Nabu-akhi-iddina, on the death of Sula, his father, becomes the manager of the firm, and continues in that position through the rest of the reign of Nebuchadnessar, the reigns of Evil-Merodach, Neriglissar, and until the twelfth year of Nabonidus. In the eighth year of this latter king, Nabu-akhi-iddina takes into the firm his son Itti-Marduk-baladhu, who appears together with his father until the twelfth year, when he succeeds him as the proprietor. Itti-Marduk-baladhu continues at the head of the firm during the remainder of the reign of Nabonidus, and through the following reigns of Cyrus and Cambyses, and is lost sight of during the revolt of Bardes (the Magus), the pseudo-Smerdis. Mardttk-nazir-abhi {pal), a son of Itti-Mardzik-baladhu, appears in the first year of Darius as head of the firm, and continues as such during the remainder of that monarch's reign. The following are the periods of independent management of the firm arrived at by Mr. Boscawen :— Sula — from 7th of Nebuchadnessar II. to the 23rd same reign . . . . . . . . . . . ..16 years. Nabu-akhi-iddina — from 23rd of Nebuchadnessar II. ^ to the 1 2th of Nabonidus : — That is 20 years Nebuchadnessar, 1 g 2 ,, Evil-Merodach, 4 „ Neriglissar, 12 ,, Nabonidus. Itti-Mardtik-baladhu—ixom the 12th Nabonidus to' the I St of Darius : — That is — 5 years Nabonidus, 9 „ Cyrus, 8 ,, Cambyses, I ,, Darius. "]"] years, c 'r^'i xviii INTRODUCTIOfJ. Add to this the first six years of the reign of Nebuchadnessar II., and we have a sum of 83 years from the ist of Nebuchadnessar II. to the ist of Darius Hystaspis. Besides these lines of direct succession, Mr. Boscawen has discovered a few side-relationships. The chief of these are : — Kzidtir, son of Basa, who was in business with Siila for 17 years, from 607 to 590 B.C., in the reign of Nebuchadnessar II. Iddina-Marduk, another son oi Basa, who entered the firm in 571 B.C., i.e. the 33rd year of Nebuchadnessar II., and continued in it for 45 years, during the time that N abu-akhi-iddina and Itti-Marduk-baladhu respectively were at the head of it. Besides these, other members of the family witnessed the contracts from time to time.' Mr. Boscav/en states that there are some curious variations in the spelling of the royal names, many of them being spelt phonetically. In addition to these banking tablets of the firm of Egibi & Son is another most important document, and that is the Bank Almanac of the firm. It contains a complete calendar of the Babylonian year, accompanied by an explanation of each day as being either fortunate or unfortunate for certain events ; days of lamentation, of feasting ; days for going on journeys by land and water; days for building, and performing various private and public duties. The following is a translation, by Mr. T. G. Pinches, of one of the tablets : — " i2| manehs of silver from Iddin-Marduk, son of Basa, son of Nur-Sini, unto Itti-baladhi-Maduk and Nabu-musetig-udda, sons of Ziri-ya, son of the priest of Gtila. For a month, to (the amount of) i maneh i shekel of silver it increases unto them ; from the first day of the month Tebet the interest unto them increases. (In) the month of Tisri the silver and its interest they give (back), their receipt they ask, and afterwards the bond (?). (Agreed in) the dwelling of Iddin-Marduk, the owner (of the money lent). Whoever, for the completion of the agreement, unto Iddin-Marduk his silver and his interest will pay, notice (?) the two (men) shall send up. Witnessing : Marduk-irba, son of Basa, son of Sinu-niqi-magir, Gimilhi, son of Nabu- iddina, son of the priest of Gula. Itti-Nabi-balhadhu, the scribe, son of Marduk-bani-suma, son of Behc-edheru. Babylon, month Kislev, day 25th, ' See " On Babylonian dated Tablets," by Mr. Boscawen, " Trans. Soc. of Biblical Archaeol.," June 5, 1877. INTRODUCTION, XIX year ist or nth Kambyses, King of Babylon; in this day also Kyrus his father, King of Countries." Here we have a bond for money advanced for twelve months by a member of the house of Egibi & Son. The month Tisri was the first month of their year ; and the month Tebet the last. The man eh is computed to be worth from 50 to 60 shekels of silver ; and it is clear from the wording of the bond that 1 2\ manehs were lent, and that the sons of Zh-i-ya undertook to return one maneh a month and one shekel of silver, until the whole was repaid. But it is very difficult to say what the actual value was, as the maneh was also an Assyrian weight. It would appear from this that the usurious rate of cent, per cent, was charged for this accommodation. High rates of interest were not confined to these people, as we learn from Lord Avebury that in later times Pompey lent money at 50 per cent, and Brutus and Cato at 48 per cent. Before the coinage of money, the precious metals in Egypt, Chaldaea, and Assyria were exchanged by weight, which served to measure the value of merchandise, and constituted what we term cash. It consisted of ingots, bars, rings, manehs, and talents. Another tablet translated by Mr. T. G. Pinches is the lease of a house. " A house Oi Itti-Marduk-baladhi, son oi NabtL-akhi-iddin, son Q:{ Egibi, (let) for a year. Five shekels of silver for the possession (the hirer) to Nabu-rabi-abla, son of E-Sagili-zira-eptis, son of Irani, has given, besides the silver at the beginning of the year, and the interest of the silver at the end of the year (which) he gives. The agreement they confirm ; a deposit for the amount (the latter) takes. As deposit (?) 10 shekels of silver (the hirer) gives. The silver to Nubtakh, wife of Itti-Marduk-baladhu, he gives. Witnessing : Baladhu, son of Nabit-suma-iskun, (son of) (blank). Marduk- rimanni, the scribe, son of (Iddin) Mardtiku, son of Nur-Sini. Babylon, month , day 7th, year 1 ith Kambyses, King of Babylon." I will give another translation of a tablet made by Mr. Boscawen relating to the repayment of a loan in the reign of the pseudo-Nebuchadnessar (B.C. 522-521). " Two manehs of silver a loan of Itti-Marduk-balatu, son of Nabu-ahi- iddin, son of Egibi ; to Nergal-ukin, son of Bel-iddina, son of Encru, the overseer, in the course of the month Tisri he has repaid, and to Itti-Marduk- balahi he has given (it). c 2 XX INTRODUCTION. " Witnesses : Merodach-aha-uzur, son of Ibna-pal, son of Egibi kuna, son of Zabe-pal, son of Irani. Itii-Nebo-balatu, son of Urn the archer. Nebo-zir-ba-sa, the scribe, son of Bel-pal-iddin, son of Egibi. Registered at Babylon, month Tisri, 17th day, year of commencing royalty (of) Nebu- chadnessar, King of Babylon." Mr. Pinches has favoured me with the following translation of a short tablet, which takes the form of a cheque or order to pay, but instead of being payable in money, is in measures : — 1 . Letter from Nabu-nadin-akhi to 2. Sirka, my brother. May Marduk 3. and Zirpaniium, peace, 4. and the preservation of the life of my brother bespeak. 5. Eight GUR-ZA-PI of corn to 6. Lakkal giwe. The value of this measure I do not know, but it is interesting to record so early an order for the payment of value. There was evidently considerable scope for the goldsmith's trade in Babylon, as Herodotus lays particular stress upon its immense wealth. Diodorus (ii. 9) mentions a golden statue of Jupiter at Babylon 40 feet high, weighing 1,000 Babylonian talents ; another of Rhea, of equal weight, having two lions on its knees, and near it silver serpents of 300 talents each ; a standing statue of Juno, weighing 800 talents, holding a snake and a sceptre set with gems ; as well as a golden table of 500 talents weight, on which were two cups of 300 talents, and two censers each of 300 talents weight, with three golden bowls, one of which, belonging to Jupiter, weighed 1,200 talents, the other 600 talents, making a total of at least 6,900 talents, reckoned equal to ^11,000,000 sterling. Passing on to the Greeks we find that Pheidon, King of Argos, struck money at ^Egina, 660 b.c, and is said to have first established a system of weights and measures. But it is supposed they were both derived from the Chaldaeans. The Athenians were highly advanced in all matters relating to money, and in Athens there were plenty of money-dealers. They were called Trapeziiae, derived from Tpd-n-e^a, a table, as in Rome the Mensarii from mensa, and later bancarii, whence the term bankers. They transacted their business INTRODUCTION. XXI which consisted of changing foreign money in the market-place, and sub- sequently they received and lent out money at interest, whose ordinary rates varied from lo to 36 per cent. It is said that the father of Demosthenes kept some of his fortune with a Trapezites. These people soon obtained great confidence from the public throughout the kingdom, and they transacted business without any witnesses, which had hitherto been customary. They advanced money on notes of hand and bonds. Demosthenes says, " It is the practice of all our trapezitae, if any private person places money with them which he desires to be paid to any one else, first of all to write down the name of the depositor and the amount of the money, then to write beside it, ' This must be paid to such a one ' : and, if they know the person by sight to whom it is to be paid, they only write his name down ; but if they do not know him, they also write beside it the name of some person who can identify him." This showed great caution on the part of the Greek bankers, and reminds us somewhat of transactions of the present day, when money is advised by a London banker to a country banker, for the use of persons residing in or near the town where the bank is situate. The first trapezites mentioned by the early Greek authors was one Philostephanos, who had the honour to receive in his bank at Corinth, of Themistocles, a deposit of 70 talents=^ 16,000. The Athenian Trapezitae were the most powerful in Greece. Apollo- dorus, son of Pasion the banker, boasted that he could borrow money wherever he pleased, simply because he was the son of Pasion, the great banker. The banks in the fourth century B.C. had attained to a high state of organization, and were frequented by all classes of commercial men ; for at that time considerable trade both in export and import was carried on. The silver coin of Athens was very perfect and beautiful, and passed current throughout the country, if not throughout the whole world. Xenophon says that all towns had their coinage, but none was thought so much of as that of Athens. The small banker often lent money on pawns, and advanced money to small people for a month or a week, but those who thus traded upon the misery of others were thought ill of and did not occupy a high position ; those who lent for such short terms on pawns were termed rjiiepoBavia-Tai. But those who had more considerable transactions were called Saj^tcrrat. In these early times they made use of the bill of exchange, which they could transmit from place to place. XXll INTRODUCTION. Cruchon' gives an instance of one Isocrates drawing a bill of exchang-e on Athens upon his father. Stratocles was the acceptor, and Pasion the banker would reimburse Stratocles if the father of Isocrates would not pay the bill of his son. One of the earliest after Philostephanos was Archestratos, who gave up his bank in favour of Pasion his clerk and freeman. Pasion, it is said, attained such credit that he set up on his own account, and enjoyed great reputation throughout Greece. His profit from his banking business was only lOO minae, or ;^4o6 5-s-. a year, which does not appear very much for the income of the most eminent banker in Athens. Pasion in his turn- bequeathed the business to his apprentice Phormion and gave him a wife also. It is tolerably well ascertained that these Trapezitae had accounts with each other, whether they lived at the same place or not, for matters of their own convenience. This is an interesting instance of the early idea of clearing.'' Herodotus gives the following account of money being deposited with a Spartan, and the banker refusing to give it up when it was demanded. " A certain Milesian came to Sparta, and went to Glaucus, son of Epicydes, who lived at Lacedaemon, as he bore such a high character for justice, and told him that he had determined to change half his substance into silver and deposit it with him, being well assured that it would be quite safe. He said, ' Do you then take this money and preserve these tokens ; and whoever possessing these shall demand it back again, restore it to him.' Glaucus received the deposit on those terms. After a long time had elapsed the sons of the Milesian came to Sparta and showed the tokens to Glaucus and demanded payment. Glaucus repulsed them, saying he neither remembered the matter or the circumstance connected with it, but being desirous of doing all that v/as just, if he found he had received it he would restore it ; and said he would defer settling the matter for four months. "The Milesians departed in sorrow, thinking they had been deprived of the money. "Glaucus, being uneasy in his mind, went to Delphi to consult the oracle, and asked whether he should make a booty of the money by an oath. The Pythian assailed him as follows : ' Glaucus, son of Epicydes, thus to prevail by an oath, and to make a booty of the money will be a present gain : swear, ' "Les Banques dans I'antiquitif," p. 25. ° Ibid., p, 26. Introduction. xxiu then, for death even awaits the man who keeps his oath. But there is a nameless son of Perjury, who has neither hands nor feet ; he pursues swiftly, until, having seized, he destroys the whole race, and all the house. But the race of a man who keeps his oath is afterwards more blessed.' Glaucus entreated the god to pardon the words he had spoken, but the Pythian said, that to tempt the god and to commit the crime were the same thing. " Glaucus therefore sent for the Milesians and restored the money." Herodotus, writing three generations after this happened, says, " there is at present not a single descendant of Glaucus nor any house which is supposed to have belonged to him ; but he is utterly extirpated from Sparta." " Thus it is right to have no other thought concerning a deposit than to restore it when it is demanded." The Greek names for the different dealers in money, ephemeridae, trapezitae, danistae, cermatistae, &c., were adopted by the Romans in their commercial language. Plautus, with his spirit of satire, in consequence of the introduction of these foreign terms, coined the famous word " Thesaurochrysonicochrysides." The Romans practised banking many years before the Christian era. It is surprising what vast obligations we are under to that great nation v/ho have taught us so much. Mr. H. D. Macleod,' in his " Theory and Practice of Banking," states that the " Romans invented banking, but, as far as we are aware, they did not devise that great invention of modern times, namely, buying obligations payable at a future time, by means of obligations payable on demand, intended to circulate as money, which has given such a prodigious extension to the system of credit and commerce." He further states that though we have no sufficient evidence that the Romans used bills of exchange for the ordinary purposes of commerce, as we do, we have evidence that they drew bills upon their correspondents in foreign countries. Cicero writes to Caninius Salustius : — " Se ait curasse, ut cum quaestu populi pecunia permutaretur." " He says that he has taken care that a Bill for the money should be sent (to Rome) along with the people's share of the profit." ' Vol. I., pp. 181-2. XXIV INTRODUCTION. So, when his son is going to Athens, he writes to Atticus : — "Sed quaero, quod opus illi erit Athenis, permutarine possit, an ipsi ferendum est." " But I wish to know whether he can take a Bill for the money he will want at Athens, or whether he must take the money itself with him ? " So again : — " Quare velim cures ut permutetur Athenis quod sit in annuum sumptum." "Wherefore I wish you to take care to send him a Bill on Athens for his yearly expenses." So again : — " Ut vereor ne illud quod tecum permutavi, versura mihi solvendum est." " So that I fear I must borrow money to pay the Bill you cashed for me." In quoting the foregoing extracts they will be found sufficiently con- clusive to prove that banking in a certain form was known to the Romans in the time of Cicero. The earliest notice of these banks or argentariae is in Livy, B.C. jo8, where they are spoken of as being already placed in the Forum, where they always continued. But he gives no account of the method in which the bankers transacted their business. The comedies of Plautus (b.c. 224-184) contain multitudes of allusions to bankers and their business. He calls them trapezitae, argentarii, and danistae. As an example I will quote the following as translated by Mr. Macleod : — "But, Phormio, be good enough to go over to the Forum, and order that money to be put to my account." " Phorm. What ! that for which I have already given cheques to my creditors ? " So, Cicero says, — "Of the remaining four hundred sestertia, I have paid two hundred in cash, and I shall send a cheque for the rest." Mr. Macleod further remarks that — " We have no information whether the cheque, the attributio, or perscriptio, was capable of being transferred to anyone else by the person who received it, or whether it was only payable to himself. The argentarius thus did the same kind of business as the modern banker : not paying away money without a cheque or order." A very interesting discovery has been made at Pompeii, of the house and archives of one Lucius Caecilius Jucundus, who was a banker in that INTRODUCTION. XXV city. The following information is gleaned from a letter' of Signor Felice Barnabei, of Rome : — "We gain," he says, "more personal knowledge of Lucius Caecilius Jucundus from his records than from his house, for they clear up a very important fact of Roman life, showing us how a banking house was carried on." The documents consist of three tables each, placed one upon the other ; they contained the acknowledgment of a debt, or the receipt for the money, written with the stylus on wax ; and in order to avoid fraud the two tabellae were bound together with a cord passed along a groove hollowed out in the second tablet, which cord was fixed in the wax and sealed with the seals of the witnesses who testified to the validity of the document, and those names were again signed with ink beside their respective seals. The records were written partly in graffito and partly in ink — 132 of these tabellae were found enclosed in a wooden chest ; they represent receipts for payments, and registration of payments made by Lucius Caecilius Jucundus to the public exchequer of Pompeii. Similar tablets appear to have been found in Hungary, which Professor Mommsen divides into deeds referring to Atutiones and receipts for pay- ments made to the municipality. Bankers' receipts for money paid, relating to b.c. 121 and 109, were found in the Fayum by Messrs. Grenfell, Hunt, and Hogarth between the years 1895 and 1899. There was another very interesting document, afford- ing illustration of the development of the banking system in a.d. 155. The money was paid to Titus Flavius Eutychides, the local banker in the Fayum, by Eudaemon, son of Sarapion, and partners, to be drawn out by a person in Alexandria. An order upon a bank was also found, which was analogous to our modern cheque, the translation of which is as follows : " Aphrodus, daughter of Satyrus, with her guardian, her kinsman Ammonius, son of Heraclides, to Sambas, also called Didymus, banker, o-reeting. Pay to Charition, also called Tasoucharion, daughter of Chari- demus, and Charition, daughter of Didymus, with their respective guardians their husbands, of Charition also called Tasoucharion Apollonius, son of Apollonius, and of the other Charition Heron, son of Didymus, the price of a half share of a house and court and grounds and all the appurtenances " "Academy," Jan. 20, 1877, XXVI INTRODUCTION. at the village of Theadelphia, in the division of Themistes, in accordance with the legal contracts which I have made with them, the six hundred drachmae belonging to me which you have on deposit, total 600 dr. (Dated) The second year of the Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus Germanicus, Tubi 28 " ' (which was a.d. 99). We have no evidence to show that the Romans introduced banking into England during their occupation of these islands, but, whether they did so or not, it probably fell into disuse until the Norman conquest, when the Jews, aliens in blood and religion, hated, feared and despised, who were made victims of more barbarous cruelties and oppressions than any other people whatever, were brought into England by William the Conqueror. They introduced bills of exchange, and their industry and frugality caused them to accumulate vast sums of treasure, which they lent out at high interest to the nobility and others upon the security of their estates. The Jews continued to be robbed and ill-treated under a succession of sovereigns, until their oppression culminated in the reign of Edward I., who robbed 15,000 Jews of their wealth, and banished them all. A horrible story is told in connection with this event : ° " Some of the wealthiest of the Jews, having obtained the king's permission to take with them their property, loaded a ship with immense wealth and set sail ; but when they got to the mouth of the Thames the captain of the ship cast anchor, and, it being low water, the ship rested on the sands. He then persuaded the Jews to leave the ship, and go with him on the sands, telling them the tide would not flow for a long time. Having led them some distance from the ship, and finding the tide was coming in, he stole away from them, got on board, and set sail. The wretched Jews, when they discovered their situation, called to him, imploring help ; but the captain, mocking them, bade them call upon Moses, who conducted their forefathers through the Red Sea, and so left them to perish. The captain returned to King Edward I., to whom he related the result of his scheme, and delivered up the treasure, receiving in return both honour and reward." Usury was much practised by the Jews of Oxford in the reign of Henry HI. and Edward I., where they were in the habit of extracting over 45 per cent, from the students, until the matter was taken up by the ' " Faytim Towns and their Papyri," Egypt Exploration Fund, Graeco-Roman Branch, 1900. " Lawson's " History of Banking." INTRODUCTION. XXVU legislature, and Henry III. granted a charter by which they were only to receive interest at the rate of twopence in the ^i weekly. Mr. James Parker, of Oxford, has kindly furnished me with the following extract from the charter : — " Cancellarius Universitatis Oxon profert Ghartam Domini Henrici Regis Patris Domini Regis nunc, in hsec verba. Henricus Dei gratia Rex Angliae Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae — Omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis, &c. Inspeximus literas patentes dudum confectas apud Wodestok .... Anno Regis Henrici filii Johannis 32°, 29° die Maii. (May 29, 1248.) Idem Rex concessit eisdem scolaribus libertates subscriptas. " Et quod Judaei Oxoniae non recipiant a predictis scolaribus pro Libra, in septimana, nisi duos denarios, et similiter fiat in minori summa, secundum suam quantitatem ; alioqui praedicti Judaei puniantur secundum constitutiones regni . . . &c., &c." Mr. Parker tells me he cannot find in the calendar of the patents any rolls of the 32nd year ; but there is one of the 28th year (1244) " Libertates cancellario concessae," which is probably the one. It is very interesting to follow the progress made by the goldsmiths and money dealers from the remote periods. I now propose to treat of the early English goldsmiths who slowly and gradually developed their trade into one of the greatest in the world, i.e. banking. The majority of my facts as to the rise and progress of this craft are taken from my " Handbook of London Bankers," but I have been fortunate enough to meet with some further information relative to some of them, and some fresh names acquired since the publication of my book. The first English goldsmith of whom we have any record was Otto. The name occurs in Domesday Book as of one holding lands in Essex and Suffolk, and there appear to have been several successors to the office of Engraver to the Mint of the same name, ' Otto the elder, in the reign of William I. and II. ; Otto the younger and William Fitz Otto in that of Henry I. ; and William Fitz Otto in that of John. Ruding states (in his Annals of the Coinage) that in the sixth of John, William Fitz Otto was commanded by writ to make dies for the Royal ■ " Numismatic Chronicle," Ser. IV., Vol. I., pp. 25-28. D 2 XXVIU INTRODUCTION. and Episcopal Mints at Chichester; and in the twenty-seventh of Henry III. he presented before the Barons of the Exchequer Richard Abel, goldsmith, to be maker and cutter of the money dies. There is a mass of information concerning these Ottos ; but I have stated sufficient to show they were early goldsmiths. The next goldsmith of whom we have any record is Leofstane, who flourished in the reign of Henry I., and was Provost of London. The next one we have any note of is Henry Fitz Alwin Fitz Leofstane, who was Lord Mayor of London for twenty-four years, from 1189 to 1213, and Provost of the City. This is proof of the high esteem in which the goldsmiths were held, even at such an early date. In the reign of Henry III., we meet with three goldsmiths, not a very large number, considering that monarch reigned 56 years. They were as under : — Thomas de Fro wick. Warden of the Goldsmiths' Company in 1270, and Alderman of Cheap Ward in 1279. He is recorded by Herbert, in his " History of the Goldsmiths' Company," to have made a golden crown for Edward's second queen, Margaret. William de Gloucester, Keeper of the Dies in 1255. William, the king's goldsmith. Master of the Mint in 1258, in all probability the same person as the last. In the reign of Edward I. we find that Adam made many of the gold and silver vessels for the King's sideboard. William Torel, described as a goldsmith of Westminster Abbey, cast the effigy of Queen Eleanor of Castile, Consort of King Edward I. Gregory de Rokesley lived in Old Change. He was Chief Assay Master of all the king's mints throughout England ; Keeper of the King's Exchange in London, and was eight times Mayor, i.e. in 1275 to 1281, and 1285 ; he lived in Milk Street. Then we have William Farendon, goldsmith. Sheriff in 1281, who gave his name to the City Ward, which still retains its designation. After Edward I. banished all the Jews from the kingdom, they were succeeded by the Lombards or Longobards, who came from Italy. They combined the several occupations of goldsmith, pawnbroker, and banker. Stow, describing the streets in the vicinity of the Bank and Royal Exchange, says : " Then have ye Lombard Street, so called of the Longo- INTRODUCTION. XXIX bards and other merchants, strangers of divers nations, assembling there twice every day, of what original or continuance I have not read of record, more than that Edward II., in the twelfth year of his reign, confirmed a messuage sometimes belonging to Robert Turke, abutting on Lombard Street towards the south, and towards Cornhill on the north, for the merchants of Florence : which proveth that street to have had the name of Lombard Street before the reign of Edward II." The names of two goldsmiths are met with in the reign of Edward II. : Sir Nicholas de Faringdon, son of William Farendon before named ; he was appointed Lord Mayor of London in 1 308 ; and Richard Britaine, who was Mayor in 1326. In the next reign they became slightly more numerous, as between 1327 and 1377 we find several names, of most of whom we know nothing further than that they were goldsmiths, but John de Chechestre was an eminent citizen, maker of the King's Privy Seal, and of the wedding jewellery for the marriage of the king's son and the Lady Blanche. He was Sheriff in 1357, and Lord Mayor in 1369, in which year William Walworth was Sheriff. His shop was at the corner of Friday Street, in " the Chepe." We are indebted to Stow for the record of two important goldsmiths of the time of Richard II., i.e. Adam Bamme and Drugo Barentine. Bamme, in common with most of these important citizens, was Mayor in 1391 ; in a great dearth, he procured corn from parts beyond the seas in sufficient abundance to serve the City and the countries near adjoining ; to the further- ance of which good work he took out of the orphans' chest in the Guildhall two thousand marks to buy the said corn, and each Alderman laid out twenty pounds to the like purpose. Between the years 1399 and 1461, the period of the House of Lancaster, I find record of seventeen goldsmiths, of whom William Fitzhugh was Comptroller of the Mint in 141 5, and John Francis, Mayor in 1400. Thomas Att6 Hay was a benevolent goldsmith, who bequeathed the " Horn Tavern," in 1405, now known as Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, to the Goldsmiths' Company for the better support and sustentation of the infirm members of the company. Humphry Heyford was Comptroller of the Mint in 1452, and Mayor in 1477. John Paddersley, Mayor in 1440, was master of the works of money in XXX INTRODUCTION. the Tower of London. Of the remaining twelve goldsmiths I have nothing to relate. In the time of the House of York, between the years 1461 and 1485, I find but five names, although there were 135 native goldsmiths in London, Matthew Philip, goldsmith, Mayor of London in 1463, made Knight of the Bath in the fifth of Edward IV., and again in the field the tenth year of that monarch — Bartholomew Reade, Master of the Mint, 1485, and Mayor in 1502. Matthew Shore, goldsmith, resided at the " Three Crowns," now occupied by the site of No. 43, Lombard Street ; he was the husband of the notorious Jane Shore, who was so ill-treated by her old admirers.' Then another goldsmith, one Edmond Shaw, who was Mayor in the year 1483. Stow records that at his decease, he appointed by his testament, his executors, with the cost of four hundred marks, and the stuff of the old gate, called Cripplegate, to build the same gate of new, which was performed and done in the year 1491.'' Upon looking over the list of goldsmiths for the reigns of Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, we find the craft was becoming more important, as many names of note and eminence were amongst them. Out of a list of over twenty, there are ten names of whom something must be said. Robert Amades was Keeper of the Jewels to Henry VIII. Sir Martin Bowes, a goldsmith of great renown, flourished throughout this period — he is stated by Herbert, in his " History of the Goldsmiths' Company," to have lent Henry VIII., in 1544, the sum of / 300, which now-a-days appears a very insignificant sum for so great a monarch to borrow. ' The following is an extract from a black-letter ballad in the Pepys Collection, called " The Woful Lamentations of Jane Shore, a Goldsmith's wife in London, some time King Edward IV. his concubine." " In Lombard Street, I once did dwelle. As London yet can witness welle ; Where many gallants did beholde My beauty in a shop of golde. * » * I penance did in Lombard Streete, In shameful manner in a sheete." ' Shaw is said to have supplied Richard III. with his plate. INTRODUCTION. XXXI Hawkins informs us that he coined shillings in the reign of Edward VI., at the Mint in Durham House, Strand — they were marked with a swan, rose, arrow or bow. The coins marked with the bow in the reign of Henry VHI. were coined by Sir Martin Bowes. He was a generous benefactor to the Goldsmiths' Company : among other gifts, he bequeathed them a property situate in Lombard Street, now the banking house of Messrs. Glyn, Mills and Co. He was Lord Mayor in 1546, and he died in 1566. Sir Hugh Brice, goldsmith, was Mayor in the first year of Henry the Seventh, Keeper of the King's Exchange in London, and one of the Governors of the King's Mint in the Tower of London. He built a considerable portion of the church of St. Mary Woolnoth in Lombard Street. In the days of Elizabeth the majority of goldsmiths lived in " Chepe " ; after the great fire they removed to Lombard Street. In 1566, the court books of the Goldsmiths' Company show that out of 107 no less than 76 of them resided in "Chepe," the remaining 31 in " Lumberde Streete." Three years later there were only 89 goldsmiths, of which number 68 lived in " Chepe " and 21 in " Lumberde Streete." Sir Thomas Exmew, goldsmith, was Mayor in 151 7. He made the water conduit in London Wall by Moorgate. Sir Thomas Gresham was a merchant and goldsmith of great renown, son of Sir Richard Gresham, who was " King's Exchanger" in the reign of Henry VIII., by whom he was highly esteemed. He carried on business at the sign of the Grasshopper in Lombard Street, the site of Messrs. Martin's Bank, who claim that their business dates back to Gresham's time. He traded to the East Indies, in fact, he is supposed to be one of the earliest merchants to undertake that trade, by which he accumulated great wealth. Sir Thomas Gresham founded the Royal Exchange, of which the first stone was laid on 7th June, 1 566, and the building was opened in person by Queen Elizabeth, on January 23rd, 1 570-1. He likewise founded Gresham College, which he endowed with six professorships, i.e. Divinity, Law, Physic, Philosophy, Astronomy, and Music, with £$0 a year to each for the purpose of giving gratuitous lectures to the citizens of London for ever. They are delivered in Latin and in English to the present day in Basinghall Street. XXXU INTRODUCTION. This great goldsmith died in 1579, and the bulk of his wealth was found to consist of gold chains. Sir Richard Martin was Lord Mayor in 1589, and kept his mayoralty in one of the houses in Goldsmiths' Row, Cheapside. Yet another Mayor — in the person of John Sha, who filled that office in 1 508 ; he was a goldsmith of some note. He left money for the church and steeple of St. Peter the Apostle, Wood Street, to be newly built with a flat roof. Then we find the name of Robert Trapis, goldsmith ; the following epitaph is recorded by Stow as being put up in the choir of the church of St. Leonard's, St. Martin's-le-Grand : — " When the bels be merily roong, And the masse devoutly sung, And the meat merily eaten, Then shall Robert Trips, his wives And children be forgotten." Richard Robinson, a goldsmith, was in 1577 drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburne, and there hanged for clipping of gold. Thomas Wood, who was sheriff in 149 1, was an opulent goldsmith, and built Goldsmiths' Row, in Cheapside, which was considered to be at that time a magnificent block of houses, between Bread Street end and the Cross in " Chepe." It was in this row that most of the goldsmiths resided. Stow states that " It containeth in number ten fair dwelling-houses and fourteen shops, all in one frame, uniformly built, four stories high, beautified towards the street with the Goldsmiths' Arms and the likeness of Woodmen, in memory of his name, riding on monstrous beasts, all which is cast in lead, richly painted over and gilt ; these he gave to the goldsmiths with stocks of money, to be lent to young men having these shops, &c." John Wheeler, we find by the books of the Goldsmiths' Company, was established in that craft in "Chepe" ; the earliest date that we find for his name is 1559, the second of Elizabeth. His son John went to Fleet Street at the decease of his father, where he carried on his trade. He died in 1600, and the business was continued by William Wheeler and William Wheeler, jun., until it came into the hands of the latter's apprentices, Blanchard and Child. William Wheeler took the house called the Marygold after it was vacated by Richard Crompton, about 1620. William Wheeler was Comptroller of the Mint in 1627. Charles I. determined to clear Cheeip- INTRODUCTION. XXXUl side of all but the goldsmiths, in order to make the approach to St. Paul's grander ; those who refused to leave were committed to the Fleet. On the 1 6th November, 1634, the following order in council was issued : — " Whereas in Goldsmiths' Row, in Cheapside and Lombard Street, divers shops are held by persons of other trades, whereby that uniform show which was an ornament to those places and a lustre to the City is now greatly diminished, all the shops in Goldsmiths' Row are to be occupied by none but goldsmiths ; and all the goldsmiths who keep shops in other parts of the City are to resort thither, or to Lombard Street or Cheapside." And again the King issues another tyrannical order in 1637, threatening the Lord Mayor and Aldermen with imprisonment, if they do not at once enforce the king's command, that all shops should be closed in Cheapside and Lombard Street that were not goldsmiths' shops. In those days the goldsmiths and merchants were in the habit of placing their superfluous bullion in the Tower of London for safe keeping. Charles L being needy, seized the money so deposited in the Tower to the amount of ^200,000 ; this ruined many of the bankers, who were compelled by royal authority to consider it a loan. A great stir was made, and ultimately the king repaid all ; but they no longer trusted His Majesty as custodian of their cash, so they resorted to keeping it in their own houses under the care of their apprentices. But this plan was equally disastrous to the goldsmiths as the former, as many of these youths, during the wars, vacated their places in the shops and made off with their employers' money. Others even lent out their masters' cash to their own benefit. During the Commonwealth the goldsmiths had a better time of it. Noblemen, country gentlemen, merchants and others then began to deposit money with them for safe keeping. The goldsmiths usually issued receipts or cash notes for the same, payable on demand ; and these receipts passed from hand to hand, and were called " goldsmiths' notes." They then began to employ their balances by lending at high rates of interest. People could deposit their money either at demand, or for so many days at call ; the time and rate of interest was, of course, agreed upon at the time the deposit was made. The customers, when in need of any small sum of money, drew a draft on demand upon the goldsmith, which became the origin of the "goldsmith keeping running-cashes," and eventually of banking. Many of them at this time and in the days of Charles II. were pawn- E XXXIV INTRODUCTION. brokers as well, as may be gleaned from the books of some of the old- established bankers. As a proof of this kind of transaction, I have note of the following, from the books of Messrs. Snow and Co., as late as 1672 : — " On loth March, to fifteen pounds lent to Lady , on the deposit of a golden poi de chambre." In Charles the Second's time the goldsmiths were in the habit of lending their money to the Exchequer, for which they received interest at the rate of 5 or 6 per cent. It is well known that this monarch was always in want of money, and not wishing to go before the House of Commons, as he had done so frequently before, took counsel of his ministers as to the best way of obtaining ^1,500,000 without the aid of Parliament. The King promised a reward of the lord treasurer's post to whoever would suggest the means. The idea of closing the Exchequer occurred to Lord Ashley, who unguardedly informed Sir Thomas Clifford that there was a way to supply the King immediately, so he went before His Majesty and told his plan. The King, who was charmed at the idea of such perfidy, cried : " Odds fish ! I will be as good as my word, if you can find the money." It so happened that at this time the London goldsmiths had no less a sum than ^1,328,526 deposited in the Exchequer, upon which they received a large rate of interest. Sir Thomas Clifford told the King that by closing the Exchequer, and refusing to pay the bankers, he could become possessed of the money. Accordingly the Exchequer was closed on the 2nd January, 1672, and all payments to the bankers were suspended ; this not only brought ruin on the bankers, but likewise on many thousands of their customers. Sir Thomas Clifford was made lord high treasurer and a peer. The King intended it should be closed for one year only ; but year after year passed, and neither principal nor interest was returned. And it was not until April 16, 1677, nearly five years afterwards, that the King caused letters patent to be granted to each of those goldsmiths who had entrusted their money to the Exchequer, covenanting to pay 6 per cent, per annum. The obligation was observed up to Lady Day, 1683, when it ceased, and none was paid at all by James II. A copy of one of these bonds, in favour of Alderman Backwell, is published in the Appendix, p. 165. The names of a large number of goldsmiths are known from the days INTRODUCTION. XXXV of the Commonwealth up to the close of the 17th century. The principal of them I will now allude to. Henry Pinckney was a goldsmith at the Three Squirrels, in Fleet Street, as early as the year 1650 ; in 1666 his house was burned down. Mr. Noble, in his " Memorials of Temple Bar," states that the terms of rebuilding were settled by the Commissioners in April, 1667; and in marking out it appears that Mayor Pinckney's property consisted of four houses leading on the south frontage "to the Temple Garden," probably the churchyard.' The business of this Pinckney was carried on by Chambers in 1693, and towards the middle of the i8th century by Messrs. Gosling, which firm continued to flourish until 1896, when it was amalgamated with Messrs. Barclay & Co. Sir Thomas Vyner was a goldsmith and Lord Mayor in 1654. During his mayoralty he was knighted by Cromwell, and created a baronet in 1660. He died in 1665, and left money for the good of the poor men of the Goldsmiths' Company for ever. Thomas Violet, who lived in London as a goldsmith in the days of Charles L and H., presented a petition to the latter, entitled " An Appeal to Caesar, wherein Gold and Silver is proved to be the King's Majestie's Royal Commodity, &c." On page 22 is to be found the following : — " The merchants of London have transported all the gold and most of the silver out of England, principally by the confederation and assistance of the goldsmiths of Lombard Street, who are just in the nature of the bankers at Amsterdam ; and the goldsmith is your merchant's jacall, as the jacall is to the lion — they hunt for the lion's prey. The goldsmith lays up gold and silver for the merchants to transport, some goldsmiths in Lombard Street keeping at this day many great merchants of London cashes and some noblemen's cash ; by this credit of several men's monies, the goldsmiths in Lombard Street are in the nature of bankers, and have a great stock of treasure by them always of gold, forreign coines, and silver." Benjamin Hinton kept running cashes at the Flower de Luce, in ' In the Rev. Mynon Bright's edition of Pepys's Diary is the following note, under date 1st December, 1660 :— "Mr. Shepley and I went into London, and calling upon Mr, Pinkney, the goldsmith, he took us to the taverne, and gave us a pint of wine." E 2 XXXVl INTRODUCTION. Lombard Street, in 1677. He was in a large way of business. The following is an extract from Pepys's Diary, i8th December, 1665 : — "At the Pope's Head, with Mr. Hinton, the goldsmith and others, very merry; but. Lord! to see how Dr. Hinton came in with a gallant or two from the Court, and do so call ' Cozen' Mr. Hinton, the goldsmith, but I that know him to be a beggar and a knave, did make great sport in my mind at it." Jeremiah Snow was a goldsmith of note in the days of the Common- wealth, living in Lombard Street. He appears to have made some heavy losses. In the London Gazette of aSth February, 1666, is the following advertisement : — " Whereas, Jeremiah Snow, late of Lumbard Street, gold- smith, now living in Broad Street, did owe divers persons. Anno /52, eight thousand three hundred pounds in full, and gave him discharges absolute (which was occasioned by the failing of two French merchants, who were, at that time, indebted to him three thousand four hundred pounds, but never paid him a fifth part, as by the Testimonials remaining with the Publick notary it may appear), since which time it hath pleased God to bless his endeavours with some small Estate, he, therefore, in gratitude and justice, invites them to receive the full remainder of their principal money, excepting such as by his Oath he shall affirm to have paid in part or in whole. " And he declares this Publication is not for vain glory (retribution in this kinde being indispensable) nor to get more credit, but because his friends have adjudged it conveniently necessary that his Vindication might be as Publick as then was the Scandal." The foregoing speaks well for the honour and uprightness of the man. He, in common with most other members of his trade, was nearly ruined by Charles H., in 1672, when he closed the Exchequer. Mr. Snow had as much as £'S9^1^o \%s. 8d. in it. Alderman Francis Meynell was a goldsmith and banker, and one of the sheriffs in 1662. I cannot ascertain where he carried on his trade. Pepys, in his Diary, under date i8th September, 1662, writes : — "At noon Sir G. Carteret, Mr. Coventry, and I, by invitation to dinner to Sheriff Meynell's, the great money-man ; he and Alderman Backewell, and much noble and brave company, with the privilege of their rare discourse, which is great content to me above all the other things in the world ; " and again on the 19th January, 1662-3: "Singled out Mr. Coventry INTRODUCTION. XXXVU into the matted gallery, and there I told him the complaints I meet every- day about our treasurer or his people paying no money but at the goldsmiths' shops, where they are forced to pay 15 or 20 sometimes per cent, for their money, which is a most horrid shame, and that which must not be suffered. Nor is it likely that the treasurer, at least his people, will suffer Meynell, the goldsmith, to go away with ;^ 10,000 per annum, as he do now get, by making people pay after this manner for their money." One of the greatest bankers in the days of the Commonwealth and of Charles II. was Alderman Edward Backwell, who carried on business at " y^ Unicorne," in Lombard Street, situated between the "Grasshopper" and the "White Horse " — probably No. 69 of the present numbering. Having examined some of his ledgers in our Bank, where they are kept, I find that in 1657 the rates of interest charged varied between 2 J and 10 per cent, but it was usually 6 per cent. He was treasurer to the Dunkirk garrison, and when that town was sold to the French the alderman had to proceed thither to receive the money. {See Appendix 30, p. 177.) He kept all the State accounts, as well as those of the King, the Queen Mother, Duke of York, James, Duke of Monmouth, Countess of Castlemaine, many nobility, and Samuel Pepys's official account. In one of his ledgers, under date 29th April, 1670, is a charge for plate, supplied to the Prince Rupert, amounting to ^960 3.?. ()d. Prince Rupert's account with Alderman Edward Backwell for plate : — 29 April, 1670. To 1 2 dishes, 4 dish plates, 3 pair of candlesticks, i pair of ditto quill. To 5 dozen plates, i sweetmeat stand. To 2 Cannes, 6 sconces, 24 forks, 24 spoons. To 2 sugar casters, 1 2 salts, i pepper box, i mustard pot, 2 crewetts, 2 snuffer pans, 2 p. of snuffers, wey. 272. 5. 13., with fifashion and engraving, ;^96o 3^. gd. In 1665 the following rates were allowed: money at call, sometimes 3^ per cent, and sometimes 4 per cent. At 10 days' notice, 4 per cent. At 14 ,, „ 5 percent. At 20 „ ,, 6 per cent. XXXVm INTRODUCTION. In 1666 he allowed as much as 5 per cent, for money at demand, and 6 per cent, for fourteen days. Pepys records a run that was made upon Backwell's, in June, 1667, in the following terms : — " They are so called upon for money that they will be all broke, hundreds coming to them for money ; and they answer him, ' it is payable at twenty days : when the days are out we will pay you : ' and those that are not so, they make to tell over their money and make their bags false, on purpose to give cause to retell it, and so spend time. " I cannot have my 200 pieces of gold again for silver, all being bought up last night that were to be had, and sold for 24^. and 25^. a piece. So I must keep the silver by me, which sometimes I think to fling into the house of office, and then again know not how I shall come by it, if we be made to leave the office." Granger gives Backwell the following character : he was a banker of great ability, industry, integrity and very extensive credit. With such qualifications he in a trading nation would, in the natural event of things, have made a fortune, except in the days of Charles II., when the laws were over- borne by perfidy, violence, and rapacity. Pepys mentions him a great many times in his Diary. Dec. 24, 1660, he writes : " I went to chuse a payre of candlesticks to be ready for me at Alderman Backwell's." On the 27th he called again, and found them done. I quote this as a proof of his doing silversmith's work as well as banking. Backwell was one of the heaviest losers by the closing of the Exchequer : he lost as much as ^295,594 16^. bd. ; in lieu of which the King gave him a bond for payment of an annuity, couched in the most friendly terms, of _;^i 7,759 13^-. 8^. He retired to Holland, and died there in 1683. Having commenced with Alderman Backwell, I will continue the list of the goldsmiths who were more or less ruined by the closing of the Exchequer in 1672. They were : — John Collier. John Colvill, of Lombard Street, who was one of Pepys's own private goldsmiths, as may be elicited from the following extract from Mr. Bright's edition of the Diary, under date 29 June, 1665 : " After dinner to my little new goldsmith's, whose wife indeed is one of the prettiest, modest black women that ever I saw. I paid for a dozen of silver salts, £(i \a,s. 6d." And again INTRODUCTION. XXXIX in Feb., 1667, Pepys wrote to his father, and sent him Colvill's note for ^600, for his sister's portion. That is an early record of a goldsmith's note. Colvill had no less than ^85,832 17^-. 2d. in the Exchequer when it was closed by the King. Joseph Horneby, of the " Star," in Lombard Street, lost ;^22, 548 5jr. (id. ; but this did not cause his ruin, as we find him in the list of goldsmiths five years later. John Portman lost ^76,760 i8.y. 2d. Thomas Rowe, of the " George," in Lombard Street, lost ^17,615 17^. %d. George Snell, of the " Fox," in Lombard Street, lost ;^io,894 14^-. ^d. Jeremiah Snow, of Lombard Street, was a loser of ^59,780 iS^-. Zd. Bernard Turner, of the " Fleece " (?), Lombard Street, lost ^16,275 9^. M. Then we have Sir Robert Vyner, that prince of goldsmiths, who made the crown for Charles II. at a cost of ^21,000, and entertained His Majesty at Guildhall during his mayoralty. The following story is recorded by Grammont :■ — " Sir Robert was a very loyal man, and, if you will allow the expression, very fond of his sovereign ; but what with the joy he felt at heart for the honour done him by his prince, and the warmth he was in with continual toasting healths to the royal family, his lordship grew a little too fond of His Majesty, and entered into a familiarity not altogether graceful in so public a place. The king understood very well how to extricate himself in all such difficulties, and, with a hint to the company to avoid ceremony, stole off, and made towards his coach, which stood ready for him in Guildhall Yard. But the mayor liked his company so well, and was grown so intimate, that he pursued him hastily, and, catching him fast by the hand, cried out, with a vehement oath and accent : ' Sir, you shall stay and take t'other bottle ! ' " The airy monarch looked kindly at him over his shoulder, and, with a smile and a graceful air, repeated this line of the old song : " He that's drunk is as great as a king," and immediately returned back and complied with his host's invitation." It appears from the following extract from Mr. Bright's edition of Pepys's Diary, that he (Samuel Pepys) kept a private account at Viner's, as well as at Stokes's, as, on the ist February, 1666, he writes : " I to Alderman Backwell's to set all my reckonings straight there, which I did, and took up all my notes." The accounts he kept at Backwell's were of an official Xl INTRODUCTION. nature, connected with his post of Secretary to the Admiralty and Clerk of the Acts ; I have frequently examined them. But he goes on to say : "So evened to this day, and thence to Sir Robert Viner's, where I did the like, leaving clear in his hands ;^2,ooo of my owne money, to call for when I pleased." A short time afterwards he had no mind to let it lie there longer, so he went to Lombard Street and brought it away— being much surprised to find he received _;^35 for the use of it for a quarter of a year. When the Exchequer was closed, Viner had in it no less a sum than ;C 416,7 42 i^s. id., in consideration of which he received the usual bond and award of 6 per cent, per annum out of the excise. Robert Wealstead, of the "Hare" in Lombard Street, lost ;^ii,307 12s. id. in the Exchequer, and Gilbert Whitehall the sum of ;^248,866 ;^s. ^d. Having completed the list of those who were mulct of their balances, I will now say a few words about other goldsmiths, some of whom became regular bankers. John Coggs was a goldsmith, keeping running cashes at the " King's Head," in the Strand, in 1677, and apparently had a very good connection as a banker. He failed in 1709, and Sir Francis Child took over most of his business. Then there was John Temple, whom Pepys styled " the fat blade. Sir Robert Viner's chief man." After Viner had lost such a large sum, he was obliged to give up his trade, and Temple, his head man, carried it on, and in 1677 we find him at the " Three Tuns," in Lombard Street, in partnership with John Seale. John Pargiter appears to have been a famous goldsmith in Fleet Street, next door but one to the Serjeants' Inn gate, which premises were destroyed in the fire. In Mr. Bright's edition of Pepys's Diary, under date 21st October, 1661, occurs the following characteristic estimate of this goldsmith : — " Early with Mr. Moore by coach to Chelsey, to my Lord Privy Seale's ; but have missed of coming time enough, and having taken up Mr. Pargiter, the goldsmith, who is the man of the world I do most know, and believe to be a cheating rogue." Stokes — whom Pepys frequently designated his own little goldsmith — at one time hailed from Paternoster Row, but subsequently, no doubt. INTRODUCTION. xH removed to the " Black Horse," in Lombard Street, as in the Little London Directory of 1677 we find Humphrey Stocks at that house. Pepys records many transactions he had with him, both in regard to goldsmithery and banking. The next mention we have of this house is in 1740, when we find John Bland & Son established there, who were the predecessors of Messrs. Barnett, Hoare & Co. Of Blanchard & Child I have already stated, under the head of Wheeler, in the reign of Elizabeth, that they were descended from the business of John Wheeler ; it was in their time that banking began to assume a more serious aspect, and Sir Francis Child, called by Pennant " the Father of the Profession," is stated to be the first goldsmith to entirely lay aside the legitimate goldsmith's trade and become the first banker. James Hore, or Hoare, the ancestor of the well-known line of great bankers, was originally described, in 1677, as a goldsmith keeping running cashes at the " Golden Bottle," in Cheapside. He was, however, established earlier than this, as we find he was Comptroller of the Mint in 1661, Surveyor of the Meltings and Clerk of the Coins in 1665. From 1679 to 1682 he was Warden of the Mint. In 1690 he removed from Cheapside to Fleet Street, where his successors have been ever since, flourishing under the same sign. Other Fleet Street bankers of this date were Thomas Fowles, of the " Black Lion," and James Heriot, a descendant of the celebrated " Jingling Georgie," the benefactor of Edinburgh, goldsmith to James I. James Heriot kept running cashes at the " Naked Boy." In 1677 the Little London Directory shows us that Messrs. Duncombe & Kent were at the " Grasshopper," in Lombard Street, where they had probably been for two or three years, as, prior to Backwell's failure, we find that the same Charles Duncombe was acting as his apprentice, and, after the ruin of Backwell, he started upon his own account as a banker, in partnership with Richard Kent, who, I believe, had been established some time ; and kept together as many of Alderman Backwell's customers as he was able to save from going elsewhere. It is possible Kent was at the " Grasshopper " before the amalgamation. Duncombe had evidently been a successful banker, notwithstanding the difficulties he got into when he was Secretary to the Treasury ; which may be deduced from the following entry in Evelyn's Diary, under date nth June, 1696, where he writes : "To this add the fraud of the bankers and gold- F xlii INTRODUCTION. smiths, who, having gotten immense riches by extortion, keep up their treasure in expectation of enhancing its value. Duncombe, not long since a mean goldsmith, having made a purchase of the late Duke of Buckingham's estate at near ;^90,ooo, and reputed to have as near as much in cash. Banks and lotteries every day set up." '• And Hemsley, once proud Buckingham's delight. Slides to a scrivener or City knight." — Pope. The estate above referred to was Helmsley, in Yorkshire, subsequently Duncombe Park, the seat of the Earl of Feversham, a descendant of Sir Charles Duncombe, Lord Mayor in 1709. Shales and Smithkin were apprentices of Charles Duncombe in 1684, and some years later we find them acting as bankers on their own account. When Duncombe retired the business at the " Grasshopper " was carried on by Richard Smithe, and subsequently by Messrs. Stone and Martin. George Middleton was a goldsmith at the " Three Crowns," in St. Martin's Lane, about the year 1690. He was the originator of the widely- known banking-house of Messrs. Coutts & Co. The business was then moved to Durham Yard, in the Strand, upon the site of which the present banking-house is reared. The history of this house is of a very interesting nature ; it is given, in common with most others, in my " Handbook of London Bankers." Another firm of early goldsmiths we must mention, namely, Messrs. Hankeys, who were established about the year 1690, at the sign of the " Ring and Ball," and afterwards of the " Three Golden Balls," in Fenchurch Street ; they were also pawnbrokers, for most goldsmiths of that period embraced that profitable business. The house was also known by the sign of the "Golden Ball," Fenchurch Street, and they continued there until 1865. Of the thirty-seven goldsmiths keeping running cashes in Lombard Street in 1677, as shown by the Little London Directory, I have mentioned twelve; of the remainder, although some were in a very large way of business, as can be proved by their accounts in old ledgers, to which I have had access, very little is as yet known, further than their names and residences. It may be interesting to note that the business of only four of those appearing in the Little London Directory of 1677 can be identified as being in existence at the present day, i.e. Messrs. Blanchard and Child, of " Ye Marygold," now Messrs. Child & Co. ; Charles Duncombe and Richard Kent, INTRODUCTION. xliii of " Ye Grasshopper," in Lombard Street, now Messrs. Martin & Co. ; James Hoare, of the " Golden Bottle," in Cheapside, now Messrs. Hoare, Fleet Street ; Humphry Stocks, " Black Horse," Lombard Street, late Messrs. Barnett, Hoare & Co., and now Lloyd's Bank. In 1694 the goldsmiths met with a serious rival by the foundation of the Bank of England, which was mainly instituted through the exertions of a Scotchman, of the name of William Paterson. It met with considerable opposition at the hands of the goldsmiths who frequently made runs upon it, they receiving counter runs from the old lady, many of which have been recorded by Mr. Francis, in his " History of the Bank of England," and in my " Handbook of London Bankers." F 2 CHAPTER I. DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. The site of the premises known as the Marygold, now absorbed in the extensive banking house of Messrs. Child and Co., and being No. i, Fleet Street, was originally part of the possessions of " the White Friers, or the Friers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, called ' Fratres beatae Marise de Monte Carmeli,' first founded (saith John Bale) by Sir Richard Gray, Knight, ancestor to the Lord Gray of Codnor, in the year 1241. King Edward I. gave to the Prior and Brethren of that House, a plot of ground in Fleet Street, whereupon to build their House ; which was since re-edified or new builded, by Hugh Courtney, Earl of Devonshire, about the year 1350, the 24th of Edward III."" The Friary has handed down to us the name of Whitefriars Street, where a short time since an ancient crypt was discovered in Briton's Court, and thought to have formed part of the buildings. It recently changed hands under the hammer. A Carmelite Street exists at the present day. It is not, however, the history of Alsatia on which we are engaged, but only that of the site of one house — now of considerable dimensions — known afterwards as the Marygold, which site belonged to the Carmelite Friars, founded in the year aforesaid, from that date to the dissolution. The first Minister's Account we find in His Majesty's Public Record Office, is dated 31-32 Henry VIII., and under the heading, "The Carmelite Friars," the following entry occurs : " And of xx' of the farm of one tenement there in the tenure of Thomas Leigh, Esq., per annum payable at equal terms. "^ We may take it this was the house on the site at that time, as it was in the tenure of the Leigh family. Other properties, parcels of the possessions, included "the Borys Hede" in Fleet Street, "the Bolt in Tonne," " the Blake Swane," and others. ' Strype's Stow's Survey, I., 267. = 1540-1, Min. Acct., Hen. VIII., ro. 112, m. 57. See Appendix No. i. 2 DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. It was not until the 35th year of Henry VIII. that particulars for grants were ordered to be made out for Thomas Broke.' They are dated July 2nd of that year, and amongst the considerable property set out we find the following: "And all that tenement or house, with shops, cellars, solars, "and all and singular their appurtenances situate adjacent and existing in " fiflete Strete, in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the West, in which John " Onley lately inhabited, and a piece of land of seven feet to the same " tenement adjacent demised to Henry Leigh or his assigns by indenture, "dated 8th April, 25 Henry VIII., for 40 years, payable at the feasts of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist iiij"." According to the notes of the auditor, Thomas Mildmaie, it is shown that these premises were fast going to decay, for he says : " The tenement " above valued at iiij'', wherin Harry Leighe dwelleth in, ys sore in decaye "and almoste in Rewyn in back and fore pte of the same." This shows a good reason why John Onley may have removed from the ruinous house, but why Henry Leighe should enter it as a residence, or business place, is certainly beyond comprehension. In the same year (1544) and on January 19th, Letters Patent^ were given at Westminster to Thomas Broke, to him and his heirs, for the sum of ;^384 2S., conveying the same premises, with many others, and rendering to the King yearly for the messuage in the tenure of Henry Leigh eight shillings.^ It does not seem that Thomas Broke was one of those "greedy hunters after concealed lands," as Moranf* calls them, such as Messrs. Downing and Ashton, Tipper and Dawe, &c. In the same year, for 53.^. paid in the hanaper a licence to alienate^ was granted for the sale to Henry Leigh of "All that messuage, &c., late in the tenure of John "Onley, and the piece of land now or late in the tenure of Henry Leighe." To hold to him and Isabella, his wife. It is dated 18th February, 1544. We find Henry Leigh, or Lee, purchasing other property in St. Dunstan in the West in the same year.^ In 1559 there is an account' of money "received " of the parishioners for provision of Bucketts and ladders to make defence " agaynst casualtie of fyre by the enquest of wardmote as foUoweth . . ." ' 1544, Section 2, P.R.O. See Appendix No. 2, p. 132, July 2nd. ~- Letters Patent ro. No. 731, m. 22 (17) P.R.O. See Appendix No. 3, p. 133. 3 This eight shillings was reserved to the Crown until Charles II.'s reign. See Appendix No. 17, p. 146. ■• History of Essex. = Patent Roll No. 739, m. 22 (33), P.R.O. See Appendix No. 4, p. 134. ^ In Hilary Term. ' Wardmote. DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. 3 Among these names, 120 in all, we find Henry Lee, i^d., Richarde Tottell, 2d. The amount raised for this laudable work was 58^. 6d. In 1562 Henry Leigh was assessed 505'. on the ^^50 value in St. Dunstan in the West.' With Henry Leigh's death we ascertain the earliest mention of the Marygold ; and that he named it there can be no shadow of doubt. This is set out in an inquisition'' taken after his death, in 1568, and in his will found therein, dated April 6th in the same year, and wherein he devises to Alice, wife of his son Gerrard, " All that my dwelHngehouse in flet streat, called "the Marigould, &c." For more particulars about this family and property I must refer my readers to the appendix. ^ Among this property will be noticed the house known as the Flower de Luce, and this may have been the Fleur de Lis, now called Peele's Hotel, at the corner of Fetter Lane, called by Stow* " Fewter Lane," and stated as so named for the " idle people " lying there, as in a way leading to gardens." The testator mentions Susan, Elizabeth, Anne, Margaret and Alice, daughters of his son, Gerard Leighe. EHzabeth Leighe lived at the Flower de Luce, and died there on the 14th May, 1568. The premises known as the Marygold will be found as held of the Queen, iit capite, by the service of an hundredth part of a knight's fee, and valued in all issues beyond reprises ^14 os. 8d. The Flower de Luce, valued at ;^io, was therefore not so valuable as the Marygold. We take it that Henry Leigh died at the Marygold, as it is stated that he died in London, April 9th, prior to the taking of the inquisition, in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. There was a monument^ on a pillar in the old church, and in the north aisle of the choir, erected to his memory, on which was inscribed : — " Henry Leigh, sometime Citizen and Draper of London ; a man " borne of a good Family, whose Life and Conversation was pleasing to " God and Man. Departed out of this Life the ninth day of April, " An. Dom. 1 568. And lieth buried in the Churchyard by his two Wives, " Isabel and Elizabeth, both very vertuous ; good to their Neighbours, " and therefore right heartily beloved." This inscription is a record of a man evidently worthy and honourable ; and we can well picture him rebuilding the premises in Fleet Street, - Lay Subs. City of London, roll ^ P.R.O. ^ Inq. p. m.. Vol. 149, No. 81. See Appendix No. 5, p. 136. ^ Nqs. 5 and 6, pp. 136, 138. •• 1633 edit, p. 430. s Strype's Stow, 1720 edit., Vol. i, p. 259. 4 DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. mentioned as "ruinous," after obtaining possession of the freehold. Why named the Marygold is not so readily answered ; perhaps because there was no such a sign in the street, or he favoured that flower. In the "east end of the south quire" of old St. Dunstan's Church, there was another monument' to Henry Leigh's predecessor of the Marygold, which read thus : — " Here lieth Thomas Browke, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor and " sometime Master of his Company, and Alice, his Wife. Which Thomas " deceased the first day of November, An. Dom. 1546. And the said " Alice deceased, &c." (sic). Gerard, son of Henry Leigh, gentleman, was a member of the Inner Temple, and died prior to his father, on October 13th, 1563, and therefore never inherited the Marygold. He had "a comely monument"- in the east end of the north choir in the old Church of St. Dunstan's in the West. This church, which projected into the road, was pulled down in 1831 to widen the thoroughfare^ of Fleet Street. Edward Leigh, son of Gerard, succeeded his grandfather, Henry Leigh ; Alice,'' widow of Gerard Leigh, died January 13th, 19 Elizabeth, leaving five daughters and property in Chancery Lane and Fleet Street. The premises, now fully known as the Marigold, continued in the possession of Edward Leigh until his death, in the 32nd year of Queen Elizabeth. It was two years, however, before an inquisition^ was taken at the Guildhall, in the City of London. He is described therein as gentleman, and died possessed of the Hospital called the Rose, in West Smithfield, the Marygold, Fleet Street, and others. At this time the yearly value of the latter premises had decreased by half in 22 years. Edward Leigh died on June 1 2th, 1590, and very soon after the estate was divided. Elizabeth and Alice, daughters of Garrett (Gerard) Leigh, died in the lifetime of Edward. Margerie (Margaret), wife of Robert Nixon, and here described as widow and living ; Susanna (Susan), wife of John Nicolls ; and Anne, wife of John Osborne, were sisters and heiresses of the said Edward. Susan was aged 38, Margaret 28, and Anne 26 years. We find mentioned one ' Strype's Stow's 1720 edit., Vol. i, p. 258. ' Jdiii, p. 258. 3 Memorials of Temple Bar, by the late T. C. Noble, p. 75. " Chancery Inq., p. m., Vol. 178, No. 37, P.R.O. See Appendix No. 7, p. 140. Chancery Inq., p, m„ Vol, 232, No. 78. See Appendix No. 6, p. 138. DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. 5 Edward Bearblocke, a citizen and goldsmith, and there is a fine' levied between a William Berblock and Edward Leighe, relating to eleven messuages in St. Dunstan's in the West, St. Bride's, and St. Sepulchre's Parishes. It will be of a certain amount of interest to show here how the estate passed out of the heiresses' hands. John Nichols and Susan, his wife, on the 29th of October, 36 Elizabeth {i594),nogether with Anthony Attwood, of London, and Margaret, his wife, who was late wife of Ralph Jodrell, of Lincoln's Inn, gentleman, deceased, conveyed property consisting of four messuages or tenements, three in the parishes of West Smithfield and St. Sepulchre, and known by the signs of the Rose, Goat, and George ; and the other, in St. Bride's Parish, to Robert Atwood, of Trosley, otherwise Troscliff, Kent, yeoman, A fine^ was levied on the property. John Osborne and Anne his wife were deforciants in a fine* with Robert Atwood, as to a moiety of a messuage with appurtenances in St. Dunstan in the West, and a third part of five messuages in St. Sepulchre's, and St. Bride's. We next find Robert Atwood conveying this latter property on the 1 6th October, 2,-j Elizabeth. = In the second year of James I. another fine^ was levied by John Osborne and Anne his wife against the said Anthony and Margaret, as to a moiety of a messuage in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. In the seventh year of the same king a fine' was levied between Thomas Davis and the said Anthony Attwood, gentleman, as to a messuage in St. Dunstan in the West. This Davis appears to have been Attwood's tenant of the Flower de Luce. In the same year Anthony Attwood and his wife, Margaret, were granted a licence of alienation to convey to John Waynwright one messuage and one curtilage with appurtenances in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, dated at Westminster, March ist. For this licence they had to pay 20^-.^ On the 24th April, 7 James I. (1610), an indenture' was made between the said Anthony and Margaret, his wife, and John Wainwrighte, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor, of London, witnessing for ;i^300, the house or tenement called the Marygolde, with the appurtenances, in the parish of St. Dunstan in ' Hilary Term, 25 Elizabeth, P.R.O. ' Close Roll No. 1465, P.R.O. 3 Feet of Fines, Mich. Term 36-37 Elizth., P.R.O, " Ibid. 5 Close Roll No. 1500. ' Ibid., Mich. Term. ' Ibid., Trinity Term. * See Appendix No. 8, p. 140. ' See Appendix No. 10, p. 141. G 6 DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. the West, in or near fflete streate, then passed into the hands of Wainwright. A fine' was levied in Easter term of the same year strengthening the con- veyance. Two years prior to this date, Robert Atwood, of Trosley, aHas Trottes- cHffe, Kent, yeoman, in the 5th James I., conveyed to Anthony Atwood a moiety of a messuage in Fleet Street, and a third part of four messuages in the parishes of St. Sepulchre and St. Bride, which he had purchased of John Osborne and Anne, his wife, who was a daughter of Gerrard Leighe.° Anthony Atwood had become owner of the estate of Henry Leigh at this time, and died at Addington on the 6th December, 8 James I., leaving his wife, Margaret, in full life at Strood, in Kent. An inquisition^ was taken after his death, at East Greenwich, June 8th, 9 James I., wherein he was found possessed of the Flower de Luce, and other property. He had sold the Marygold to John Wainwright, who, seven years after, in the 14th James I., passed the same as a marriage portion to his daughter, Joane Everell, widow, who afterwards married Robert Dixon, of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Sadler.'' We find John Wainwright, in 1620, assessed for lands in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, 26s. 8d on ^10 value, and in another assessment in the same parish, 13J. ^d. on the like value. He also was assessed, in St. Bride's parish, the like amount in the same year. In 1624 he was assessed 40.5-. on ^10 value.= John Wainwright died on September 6th, 1625, and, on March 3rd, following, we find an inquisition^ was taken, to inquire what property he died seized of, and the Marygold is there set out, and it is stated that on October 26th, in the 14th James L, he had given it as a marriage portion to his daughter Joane, who was aged, at her father's death, 30 years. We find the premises held of the King in capite, and valued in all issues beyond reprises ^4. Here again was a further depreciation of the value of £"] from 1 592, when valued on Edward Leighe's death. John Wainwright's will' is dated July 15th, 1625, and it was proved September 6th, 1625. His wife, Alice Wainwrite, so ' &^ Appendix No. 9, p. 141. ' Common Pleas Deeds. Trin. ro. 17. The names of Leighe are spelt "Jarrett Leyte" in this deed, dated June ist. 3 Misc. Inq. p. m., 9 James I., Part 15, No. 16, P.R.O. ' Feet of Fines, Mich. Term. P.R.O. See Appendix No. 11, p. 142. 5 Lay Subsidies, City of London, Nos. ^, 505, 537. ' Chanc. Inq. p. m., Vol. 442, No. 43. 1629. Sie Appendix No. 12, p. 143. ' P.C.C. Clarke, 90. &« Appendix No. 13, p. 144. DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. 7 spelt, died the same month as her husband, in the same parish of St. Dunstan in the West, and, curiously enough, made her will' on the very day her husband's was proved, that, or illness, having suggested it. It was proved September 30th. It is interesting to note, in John Wainwright's will, that first his will and mind is that his daughter and her husband and their heirs " shall peaceablie " and quietly hould and enioye all the proffitts and benefitts yssueinge " accrewinge and growinge out of the house or Taverne sometyme knowne by " the name or sign of the Marygould and now called or knowne by the name "or sign of the Man in the Moone scituate lyeinge and beinge in fifleete " streete in the said parish of St. Dunstans in the West." The premises were used as a tavern at this date, 1625, but the sign altered to the Man in the Moon. It is nevertheless certain that the house was re-named the Marygold, by Robert Dixon, on or soon after his father- in-law's death, inasmuch as he had a privy seaP granted, November 30th, 1 63 1, confirming the right of premises called the Marygold, in the parish of St. Dunstans, in fifleet street, London, to himself and his wife Joane. The yearly value was now /^^, being an increase of ^i in two years. In 1632, Robert Dixon^ and Joane, his wife, were granted a licence* to alienate one messuage with appurtenances in St. Dunstan's in the West, and the same was dated at Westminster, November 1st, on payment of 40^., and a fine' was levied in Michaelmas Term, the same year, whereby the Marygold passed into the hands of a Mrs. Elizabeth Hampden, a widow. We will take this Elizabeth Hampden, described as of Westminster, widow, as the Elizabeth, who, in July, 1643,* subscribed to the Militia Assessments, in lieu of arms, ^5, and who also supplied one horse, in kind, out of the five only that were furnished from the parish of St. Margaret's at the time. Like John Land, this Elizabeth Hampden bequeathed by her will,' proved February 20th, 1664, her personal estate to relations and the poor of St. Margaret's, West- minster, also Stanwell, Middlesex, and Dunton and Dinton in Buckingham- shire, the rights of her grandson, Richard Hampden, being specially preserved. She was related to the patriot, John Hampden, the dauntless champion of the ' P.C.C. Clark, loi. ' See Appendix No. 14, p. 144. ^ See Appendix No. 15, p. 145. " In July, 1635, a privy seal was issued to the Exchequer for payment of ;^4oo for a ring, sett with a faire rose diamond, sold to his Majesty by Robert Dixon. It was a present to Don Ferdinando Texada Mendosa, envoy from the Cardinall Infantus of Spain. = For Abstract, see Appendix No. 16, p. 146. ^ Add. Subs., No. -jj, P.R.O. ' P.C.C. " Hyde," fos. 15 and 22. G 2 8 DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. public, in whose favour, in 1649, an order was made by Parliament that he should receive ^5,000 for his opposition to the illegal tax of ship-money.' On the i2th June, 1657, Elizabeth Hampden conveyed," by order of the Court of Chancery, dated July 6th, 1654, three messuages, in the Whitefriars, Fleet Street, to the President and Scholars of St. John the Baptist College, Oxford. It seems that these messuages, which without doubt were also parcel of the possessions of the Carmelite Friars, had been bequeathed by one Dorothy Leech, by will dated December 13th, 1633, for the benefit of the poor of Stanwell, Middlesex. Very soon after, however, the Leech family tried to upset the will by filing their bill against the same Elizabeth, as executrix, and the College. This action continued its slow course during the troublous times of the Civil War, which considerably impeded enrolments of transfers of properties, as can be easily understood, and finally was settled by the order of Court and the conveyance. Continuing our narrative of the descent of the ownership of the IMarygold, we find that a fine^ was levied in 1658, between John Looker the elder, gent., an attorney of the Common Bench, and Richard Land and Elizabeth his wife, Anne Perry, widow, and Adrian Death, relative to two messuages in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. On reading the wills, both of Richard"* and John Land,^ we find these surnames mentioned, showing the family interest in Fleet Street property. Richard Land died in 1667, bequeathing by will dated March 27th, and proved June 19th, "his whole " estate, equally to be divided betwixt his loving wife Elizabeth, and to his " only son John Land." They, mother and son, described as of St. Andrew's, Holborn, leased the Marygold to Robert Blanchard, in 1676, for 61 years. Elizabeth Land dying in 1681, a commission^ was issued to John Land, the son, dated November 28th, who duly administered, and thus became solely possessed of the Marygold and adjoining houses, and retained them until his death in 1697. By will'' dated April 26th of that year, and proved the following 1 2th October, John Land is described as of St. Martin's, Ludgate, gentleman ; and desired his body should be committed to the earth, " in the " parrish church of the parrish where I shall happen to decease." More particularly his executors are not to expend above the sum of eighty pounds ' Com. for Com^. books, G 144, pp. 19-21. ' Close Roll, 3:937, P.R.O. ^ Feet of Fines, London, Mich, Term, P.R.O. In the index, the name is " Hooker." ■• See Appendix No. 19, p. 150. ^ See Appendix No. i8, p. 147. * See Appendix No. 20, p. 150. ' See Appendix No. 18, p. 147. Plate II. LEAD CISTERN (1679) AT No. 1, FLEET STREET. As IT Stood Prior to 1878. ■r;k^ ' yjt ** ! € ' ( ^ 1 }/A As AT Present in the Bank. DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE RIARYGOLD. 9 upon his funeral. He bequeathed the premises in rear of the " Marygold," known as the "Sugar Loaf and Green Lettice," in the tenure of Sir Francis Child, knight and alderman of London, to the Minister and Churchwardens of the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, the rent then being ^60 per annum, to six of the most poor and indigent freemen of London, of the age of 60 years and upwards, inhabiting in the said parish, at ^10 apiece, in quarterly payments. Many other bequests he generously made to places and people, relatives or otherwise, which will be found set out in his will. He died at the residence of Lady Blagrave, at Whitton Dean, in the parish of Isleworth, Middlesex, and lies buried in the parish church of All Saints there, where there is an eulogistic monument erected to his memory. The Marygold, or No. i. Fleet Street, remained possessed by the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, for the poor, for 177 years. By the account' of the various charities, printed by order of the Vestry, 24th July, 1890, it is there stated " the last appointment of Trustees for this Charity" was made by " an order of the Board of Charity Commissioners, dated 9th February, 1875, " when the Rector and two Churchwardens for the time being, with Messrs. " Charles Hoare, Francis Gosling, Joshua Whitehead Butterworth, Frederic " Newton, and Richard Flint, were appointed Trustees." It is also stated " that the two houses mentioned in this will formed part of the banking " house of Messrs. Child & Co., and were let to them on a repairing lease " for 21 years to Lady Day, 1886, at the yearly rent of ^300." "In the year 1874, Messrs. Child & Co., wishing to rebuild their " banking premises, agreed to purchase the freehold of the Trustees for " the sum of _j^i6,5oo, which was invested in the purchase of ;^i7,529 ijs. yd. " Consolidated /^^ per cent. Annuities, in the name of the Official Trustee of " Charitable Funds, as per order of the Board of Charity Commissioners "of the 23rd March, 1875." Such is the history of a well-known house, No. I of a most important street, in a neighbourhood for centuries the home of the printing trade — for who has not heard of Wynkyn de Worde, Caxton's assistant, of about 1491 ; of Robert Copland, an assistant to Wynkyn de Worde, who carried on business at the " Rose Garland " in Fleet Street, 1 5 15-1547, or thereabouts; Robert Redman, who took Pynson's house just outside Temple Bar, in 1523 ; John Byddell, of the " Sun," Fleet Street, formerly occupied by Wynkyn de Worde, in 1533; John Waylande, of the ' Kindly communicated by Mr. Alfred Tisley, Vestry Clerk. ° John Land's Charity. TO DESCENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE OF THE MARYGOLD. " Blue Garland," in Fleet Street, in 1537 ; William Middleton, of the " George," next St. Dunstan's Church, in 1541, and the host of others, innumerable since? Here is a history, covering a period of 659 years, of this one site and house, called at one time the Marygold, and, in the days of James I., a public ordinary, or house of entertainment, from whose windows so many processions, sad and gay, have been witnessed. Who can tell or count the notable persons who stayed awhile to look on from its portals during this long period.'* It has now for over two centuries and a half been in the hands of bankers, or " keepers of running cashes " ; first, as goldsmiths and bankers, and, finally, only the latter. It would be hard to count the notable personages who have entered its doors, from crowned heads downwards, some of whose names are set forth in other parts of this work.' The sign of the " Marygold with the Sun," added by some seventeenth-century possessor, is still preserved inside the bank over the entrance doors. JPtMRCmiln nth ANCIENT CRYPT. CHILDS BANK, TEMPLE BAR. ' See Chapter on " The Banking Business and Notable Accounts Kept," p. 36. 1 1 PEDIGREE' OF LAND, OF TIVERTON, PLYMTREE AND LONDON. John Lande, of Tiverton r John Lande, of Plimtree Mawde, d. of Davy Slocombe, of Wiscombe, Co. Somerset. I I Dorothy, set. 2r, bap. Feb. 19th, 1599, bur. Mar. 31st, 1639, both at Plymtree. John Lande, s. and h., £et. 19. I Robert, a twin with John. Dorothy, d. of Edw. Tye, of Collumpton, bur. July 26th, 1619, at Plymtree. I I Francis, Richard, =p Elizabeth. St. 17, bur. set. 12, Jan. 9th, 1640. bap. June 1 8th, V bap. May 9th, 1602, at Plymtree. Ann, set. 14. 1609, at Plymtree Austin, aet. 8, bap. Dec. 8th, 1611, bur. Aug. 28th, 1624. George, set. 5, bap. Feb. 13th, 1616, both at Plymtree. John Land, of St. Martin, Ludgate, bur. at Isleworth,^ Middx., Oct. nth, 1697. The benefactor to the poor of St. Dunstan in the West, &c., Bequeathed " The Marygold." ■ Visitation, Co. Devon, 1620. " Isleworth Parish Registers. Had. Soc, vi. 163, supplemented by Plymtree Parish Registers. CHAPTER II. JOHN LAND, HIS PARENTAGE, BIRTHPLACE, AND BENEFACTIONS. The benevolence of John Land, especially to the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, Fleet Street, in the City of London, he being at one time owner of the premises known as the Marygold, now No. i, Fleet Street, deserves more than a passing notice, inasmuch as by his will,' dated September nth, 1697, we find not only this particular bequest to the Minister and Church- wardens for the benefit of the poor of the above parish, but many others, including gifts to St. Andrew's, Holborn ; Redriffe or Rotherhithe, in Surrey ; and his father's native place, Plymtree, in Devonshire ; not forgetting the poor and distressed, whether personally or parochially known, in hospital or in prison. Such was the grand benevolence of this true-hearted donor that he neither forgot the church nor his humblest relation, and we may, perhaps, be pardoned for giving an outline of his parentage, birthplace, and benefactions. The Lands of Plymtree, Devonshire, descended from those of Tiverton and Silferton, now Silverton, a little to the west of Plymtree, in the same county. These families were large, and also seemingly very litigious. They are described in various law-suits, in which, from time to time, they were engaged, as gentlemen, yeomen, and husbandmen. On perusal of the pedigree'^ of John Land, the benefactor, we find he was son and heir-apparent of Richard Land, who was fourth son of John Lande, of Plimtree, who was son of John Lande, of Tiverton. Richard Land, his father, was baptized at Plymtree ; the entry in the register reads thus — " 1609 : Richard, son of John Land, 18 June." His mother's name was Dorothy, a daughter of Edward Tye, of Collumpton, also in Devonshire ; she was buried at Plymtree, July 26th, 1619.5 It was this Dorothy who brought the ancient home of Woodbeare Court to the Land family, on her marriage with John Land, of Plymtree. Before we continue this genealogical sketch it may be not uninteresting to give a few facts about the house known as Woodbeare Court. ' See Appendix No. 18, p. 147. ^ See p. 11. ^ plymtree Church registers. JOHN LAND, HIS PARENTAGE, BIRTHPLACE, AND BENEFACTIONS. 1 3 In the north-east part of the parish of Plymtree is an old mansion, called Woodbeare Court. William de Woodbere held Woodbere, 21st Henry III., and, in 24th Edward I., Robert de Woodbere. From this Robert, by Julian, it came to William Dauney, and continued in that name till Henry IV., when John Dauney left it to his daughters married to Sackville, Baron, Ford and Churchill. It passed after to Augustine Stewkeley, by whose daughter, Elizabeth, it came to Edward Tye, and by whose daughter, Dorothy, it passed to John Land, of Plymtree.' There are many references to this family of Woodbere, or Woodbury, among the rolls relating to assessments, holdings in landed estates, and actions at law.'' The mansion house is built of cob and thatched, the walls being more than four feet thick. It is surrounded with gardens and orchards and high walls, and has a dreary appearance, resembling those mansions of old said to be haunted by ghosts and spectres. The main part of the building has probably remained the same through all these changes of ownership, and the ancient cob house has now survived the solid stone arch^ close to the family's possession in the great and busy highway of Fleet Street. Some years ago the porch, and room over it, fell, owing to damage caused by a rainy season and frost. It is believed, however, that the main walls of the building will now last for centuries. The property, a few years ago, let for ^400 per annum. Resuming our genealogical notice, Richard Land the father of John Land was born at Woodbeare Court, and there is a somewhat interesting, though painful, family Chancery suit concerning the property between the father and his son Robert, who was a twin to John, both being Richard's brothers. On the 8th of November, 1626, John Land, of Plymtree, gentleman, filed his bilh against his son, Robert, setting forth that he was seised of Woodbeare Court and other property thereabouts, and being desirous to advance his son Robert — this according to Robert's answer, was his mother's wish, who persuaded the father- made over, by deed, the estate after their deaths to this twin son. The deed was placed in the custody of a certain John Hatch — probably the family lawyer — who died a few years after, as also did Dorothy, Robert's mother. After his wife's death John Land repaired to the widow of Hatch and obtained the deed. He then placed it in a box in an upper room at Woodbeare Court. Robert, the son, finding this out, went to the room and broke open the box — he says, personally, he found the key and opened it— and abstracted the deed, which he considered ' Rev. T. Mozley's " Henry VII.," &c., revised. ' P.R.O. ' Temple Bar. * Car. I.L.L., 39, No. 63, P.R.O. H 14 JOHN LAND, HIS PARENTAGE, BIRTHPLACE, AND BENEFACTIONS. he had a right to do, as his father had a life interest only, and was further accused by his son of defacing the deed. There was a remote chance that Woodbeare Court would have passed to Richard Land, inasmuch as by the deed, should there have been default of issue by Robert, who had "taken to wife a young mayden with whom he had none or very little portion," Richard would have become possessed of it, or, in default, the other son Austen. However, Robert had issue, and so retained the estate. Continuing the narrative, Richard Land, as in many similar instances, considered the world open for him, found his way in due course to this great city and became bound an apprentice to George Henley,' an opulent merchant and ship-owner in the City of London and of considerable repute. He had a partner, one Augustine Phillippes, whom we find trading largely in sugar and other com- modities. In 1 641, we find that George Henley of Gracechurch Street had been warden^ of the Leathersellers' Company, and on May 6th, 1637, during his master's lifetime, Richard Land, afterwards of Threadneedle Street, became a Citizen and Leatherseller^ of the city by servitude. In 1641 he paid on assessment £;i into the Guildhall. As Richard Land, the industrious apprentice, he persevered, and soon, like his master, became somewhat affluent in the same business pursuits, as a London merchant trading to Barbary* and elsewhere. He died in 1667, leaving, evidently, a considerable estate to his wife Elizabeth, and only son John, as he says in his will,^ after describing himself as of London, merchant, " I give unto my loving wife and to my only son, John Land, my whole estate, equally to be divided betwixt them." His wife Elizabeth died in the parish of St. Lawrence Jewry, also in the City of London, in 1681, and a commission was issued on November 28th of that year, to the son, John Land, the kind benefactor.^ Our narrative is now centred in this generous donor to the poor. John Land was born within the sound of the historic Bow bells, and, in due course, his father obtained for him a Corporation presentation to that noble institution, Christ's Hospital. Here he remained until the 8th of January, 1662, when he was sent home to his mother at the age of 15, as is proved by the books of the Hospital, which record the fact thus : — " John Land, who ' See various State Papers, 1628-39, P-R-O. = Add. Lay Subs., No. ^^i p.R.o. 22 3 The Company's books. < State Papers, P.R.O., Interm. I. 15, No. 8. = P.C.C, " Carr," fo. 88, for Abstract. See App. No. 19, p. 150. ' See Admon., App. No, 20, p, 150. JOHN LAND, HIS TARENTAGE, BIRTHPLACE, AND BENEFACTIONS. 1 5 " was formerly admitted from the late Corporation for the Poor (being above " 15 years of age), is this day sent home to be provided for by * * * " his mother, of Carter Lane, George Inn."' One would at first think that John Land's mother kept an inn, but this could hardly have been the case, because the name does not appear in the Vintners' Company's books,^ and, further, her husband was in an entirely different position as a merchant. It may be taken, therefore, that she lived at the inn at the time, or that it was a meeting place from which to take the boy home, as the entry distinctly says "sent home," and probably the Lands lived in the then suburbs of London. On leaving school, and as time went on, we do not find John Land engaged in the ordinary busy turmoil of life in the city. He was not enrolled a freeman — although he made bequests to poor freemen and their widows — of the Goldsmiths',^ Leathersellers', and Vintners' Companies, and was probably a man worthy and generous from the first, but shunning all ostentation, or he may have been too delicate to stand the rush of city life, such as it then was, for, as we shall presently see, he died at the early age of 48. His father died five years after he left school, evidently leaving a competence to his wife and only son, and they — mother and son — continued to live quietly in various parts of the city ; and we find them, at the time of granting the lease of the Marygold in 1676 to Robert Blanchard, living in the parish of St. Andrew's, Holborn. At the mother's death, in St. Lawrence, Old Jewry, and at the time of the making of his will (1697) John Land lived in the parish of St. Martin's, Ludgate, at the house of Mr. John Halse, mercer, to whom and his wife he bequeathed ;^io a-piece for mourning. On the death of Elizabeth Land his mother in 1681, John Land became possessed of the entire estate and continued to enjoy the same until his death, which took place in 1697, at the house of his friend. Lady Blagrave, of Whitton Dean, adjoining the domain of Whitton Place, part purchased many years ago by the Gostling family. Whitton Dean is in Isleworth Parish, but Whitton Place in that of Twickenham. John Land must have enjoyed the salubrious air and charming country life at Lady Blagrave's, and we notice he did not forget his kind friend in his will, as he says therein — " Imprimis, I give to the Lady Blagrave, of Whitton, " in the County of Middlesex, the sum of forty pounds. Item, I give to ' Kindly communicated by the Clerk, R. L. Franks, Esq. ° Kindly communicated by the Clerk, Chas. Lomas, Esq. 3 Kindly communicated by the Clerk, W. T. Prideaux, Esq. II 2 l6 JOHN LAND, HIS PARENTAGE, BIRTHPLACE, AND BENEFACTIONS. " the said Lady Blagrave's son, Joseph Taylor, and to the daughter, EUanah " Blagrave, the sum of five pounds a-piece to buy them mourning."' He did not forget a certain Jane Loclcmore, of Whitton, probably his nurse,^ neither did he the whole of the servants where he should reside at the time of his death. He bequeathed to Lady Blagrave his silver pendulum watch also, and there can be but little doubt that that lady had the eulogistic, but never- theless true-worded, monument erected in the Parish Church of All Saints', Isleworth, in the south gallery, which reads thus : — "M.S. " Stay, passenger, read and learn, that piety is not quite extinct " even in a degenerate age. Near this place lyeth interred the body of " John Land, the son of Richard Land, of the parish of Coleman Street, " London, merchant. He was a man of exemplary modesty, piety and " charity. He gave his estates, to the value of about ;^4,ooo, almost " intirely to several very pious and charitable uses, both as to present " reliefe and standing acts of charity for ever. He died at Whitten " Dean, in this parish, October 4th, 1697, an. aetat. 48. ' He that hath a " ' bountiful eye shall be blessed for he giveth of his bread to the poor.' " Prov. xxii, 9."- His arms were Gules, three garbs Or. The entry in the register of burials for the parish reads : — "Oct. II, Mr. John Land, Affidavit." ^ We do not find that the worthy benefactor ever married, and, like another kind donor to the parish of St. Dunstan in the West — Edward Latimer — he bequeathed a valuable estate to charity. John Land, as above stated, made his will in 1697 ; it was proved October 12th following, and in it are fully recorded his pious and bountiful bequests, not only as an old " Blue," to the place of his early youth,'* but also, and perhaps specially, to the poor of the well-known Fleet Street parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in which parish are situated No. i. Fleet Street, at one time called the " Marygold," and also the "Sugar Loaf" and "Green Lattice," then adjoining. These premises John Land left in favour of his poorer brethren for ever. In 1874, they were sold to Messrs. Child & Co., and the money duly invested; and so the memory of the pious benefactor cannot but remain for ever green. ' See Will, App. No. 18, p. 147. ' Aungier's " Hist, of Isleworth," p. 158. Lysons' " Environs," iii., 103. 3 Kindly communicated by the Vicar, the Rev. T. F. Bigg. ' See Benefactors' Books of Christ's Hospital : 1697. Mr. John Land for his legacy of p^'ioo. CHAPTER III. THE SIGN OF THE MARYGOLD. The sign of the Marygold, in Fleet Street, next Temple Bar, was evidently adopted by Henry Leigh, once owner, as before stated, who died in the tenth year of Queen Elizabeth.' It is first mentioned in connection with a tavern, as may be gathered from the following paragraph extracted from Beaufoy's " Tokens "^ : — " The Banking House of Messrs. Child was, in " King James the ist's reign, a public ordinary, the sign being the ' Marygold.' " As an ordinary it appears to have borne a riotous character, and at the " Wardmote held on St. Thomas' day, December 21, 1619, Richard Crompton, " keeping an ordinary at the Marygold, in Fleet Street, was presented for " disturbing the quiet of John Clarke, being next neighbours, late in the " nights, from time to time, by ill disorder." On the death of John Waynwright, in 1625, the house was known as the " Man in the Moon," but this title soon disappeared. It evidently arose from the ignorance of the person or persons who started this interpretation of the sign, having mistaken the sun, which shines on the marygold, and has a human face in it, for the " Man in the Moon." The sign of the Bank of Messrs. Child & Co. is the Marygold, which may still be seen in the water-mark of the present cheques. The original sign is still preserved in the front shop ; in the old shop it was placed against the wall over the door which led to the back premises. It evidently at one time swung over the doorway in the street, as the marygold is shown on both sides ; on one side, in addition to the flower, there is a bud. It is made of oak, the ground stained green with a gilt border, marygold and sun ; the motto beneath it is " Ainsi mon ame."^ [See PI. I.] From the following extract of a deed dated nth February, 1664, 16 Charles II., it will be seen that the house was then known by the sign of the " Marigold and Sunn." ' See p. 3. ' p. 75. 3 " As the sunflower turns on her god, when he sets, The same look which she turn'd when he rose." — Moore. THE SIGN OF THE MARYGOLD. " And whereas the said Sir Edward Hales together with Thomas " Herlackenden, of Maidstone, in the said County of Kent, Esq'% stand "joyntly and sev'rally bound unto the said William Barker & ffrances his " wife, in & by one obligation of the penall sume of six hundred pounds, " bearing even date w'*" theire p'sents condiconed. That if the said .^ Draft of the Earl of Arran, 1688. {See p. 49.) " S' Edward Hales & Thomas Herlackenden or either of them, their, or " either of their hey" executo" adm" or assignes shall and do pay or cause "to be paid unto the said William Barker & ffrances his wife or either of " them or either of their executo'' adm'^ or assignes the sume of three THE SIGN OF THE MARYGOLD. 1 9 " hundred pounds of lawful! money of England att or in the now dwelling " house of Robert Blanchard Goldsmith scituate and being att the signe of " the Marigold and Sunn' without Temple Barr in the p'^h of St. Clem" " Danes in the said county of Midd. on or upon the eight and twentieth day " of January w''*' shal be in the yeare of our Lord one thousand six hundred and " sixty seaven etc. etc." Many of the customers of the Bank used to address their cheques to " Mr. Alderman Child & Partner, goldsmiths, at y*" sign of y' Marygold, next " dore to Temple Barr"; and in 1694 we find a cheque addressed to " Mr. John Rogers, goldsmith (who was a partner with Sir Francis Child), at " y^ sign of y* Marygold, next dore to y^ Devill Taverne in Fleet Streete " ; and again, in 1732, when the second Sir Francis Child was Lord Mayor, we find that the second Earl of Oxford addressed his cheques to " The Worshipful " the Lord Mayor & Company at Temple Barr " ; and another cheque we find addressed to Mr. Francis Child, " a goole Smyth, att Temple barr, in London." In olden days it was customary for tradesmen to adopt signs, which they were in the habit of displaying on the outside of their houses. A house known by any particular sign generally retained it under a succession of occupants, without regard to the avocation, calling or trade of the new comer. After 1 764 signs projecting into the street were no longer tolerated, but were in some cases affixed to the walls of houses, and finally were abolished. It is said that Wood Street and Whitecross Street were among the last from which signs were taken down, and that these signs existed as late as the year 1773. At this date the entrance was under the side arch of Temple Bar, thus without the City. 20 THE SIGN OF THE MARYGOLD. / fj 10 '^i, ^ t7y Draft of Harley, ist Earl of Oxford, 1723. {See p. 64.) ^^Y> Sf'an^Tu far n(rui aJ t/ui 8:)cc/iejq ^^ orxje-fxjuy Receipt of Anne, Duchess of Buccleuch, for Annuity from Exchequer, 1716. {Seep. 54.) CHAPTER IV. THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD'S BANK. The time-honoured custom of all the clerks becoming partners in order of seniority is of great antiquity. It in all probability originated in the apprentice, after having served his full articles, being taken into the firm in partnership with his master. When bankers discontinued having apprentices (which was, we presume, about the time they left off the goldsmith's trade), their clerks who had risen from being juniors became head-clerks, and eventually partners. This practice, so far as this house is concerned, has been continued ever since the latter end of the 17th century. Whether it was ever common amongst other bankers we have no means of ascertaining, further than that the late Mr. I. B. Martin, in his interesting book on the "Grasshopper: being some account of the banking-house, No. 68, Lombard Street," instances several clerks in their house as being admitted into the firm at various times. Amongst some of the old customs still extant is notably that of calling the front office the "shop," and the back one, where the ledgers are kept, the "counting-house"; doubtless these terms originated with the goldsmith's shop. Another old custom, which is rigorously kept up, is that of three junior partners and two salaried partners taking it in turns to sleep at the Bank every night, by which means it is never left (excepting in the evenings) without one of the partners being upon the premises, should he be required. In addition to this, there is always one of the clerks on duty, " keeping officership," as it is termed, and most of the junior unmarried clerks live in the house. This house originated in the goldsmith's' business carried on for many years in Fleet Street, by a family of the name of Wheeler. ' In the year 1581 there was not a single goldsmith assessed in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, but I find, in St. Bride's Parish, a well-known name in the person of William Gosling, goldsmith taxed 13^. 4d. on value ;£s. [Lay Subsidies, City of London, ro. 1|^, P.R.O.] There 2 2 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD's BANK. The first record of a goldsmith of this name is met with in the Court Books of the Goldsmiths' Company, as far back as 1559. On the 1st July, 1559, when the Goldsmiths' Company furnished a guard of honour from their livery to escort Queen Elizabeth through the City, on her v/ay to Greenwich, the name of John Wheeler, goldsmith, appears as one of the pikemen. He was resident in Chepe, but his son went to Fleet Street, as it is recorded that houses were let at much lower rentals outside the city walls than in Chepe. His name Hkewise occurs on many occasions up to October i8th, 1575, when he died. He was buried in St. Giles, Cripplegate ; Stow spells the name Whelar. The name of John Wheeler, his son, also a goldsmith, occurs in the parish register of St. Dunstan's in the West, on the 3rd October, 1609, as follows : — "John Wheeler, Goldsmith, buryed." The following extract from the registers of the parish of St. Vedast is curious, as showing there was an early connection between the names of Child and Wheler : — " George Childe servant to Mr. Wheler' was buried in the newe " churcheyarde thirde day of December 1594." This Wheler lived in Chepe, and was a goldsmith. The following extracts from parish registers give the names of three Wheelers, but further than knowing that they resided in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the West, nothing more can be gleaned concerning them : — "Richard JV/zee/er," gent., of S'. Dunstan's in the West, bachelor, 29, and " Elizabeth Lightfoote of S'. Martin's in the Fields, widow, 23, at S'. Faith's, " London, or Acton, Middlesex — 3 Oct., 1641. were also about a dozen goldsmiths in Fleet Street in 1635, as is shown by a certificate of com- plaint by the Goldsmiths' Company, See App. No. 21, p. 151. There is a presentment liientioned, however, in 1571, of a tenement near "Temple Barre " in the open strete there late in the tenure of John Rundell, Goldsmith, now divided by James " Slape into several chambers and lodgings for gentlemen, the dore wherof comonly standeth open ■ " all nyght to the great danger and annoyance of the neighbours next unto the same by reason of " rogues and beggars standynge and hydinge themselves in the entrye therof in the nyght " season." [Wardmote.] ' In what is called St. Foster's Parish there is mention of Edward Wheler, for ;^5, assessed 5f. in 1577. [Lay Subs., P.R.O., City of London, ro. No. i^.] 252 ' In 1666, Richard Wheeler, 3 hearths at Ditchside, and another at Green's rents, St. Brides 3. Lay Subs., 252-32. Plate III. To face page 22 H O a c z THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILd's BANK. 23 " Henry Wheeler, of S'. Dunstan's in the West, gent., Batchelor, about " 30, and Elizabeth Blunt of S'. Andrews Holborn, widow about 26 at " S^ Botolph's Aldgate— 19 July 1669." " George Wheeler of S'. Dunstans in the West, Esq''". Batchelor about 25 " and Grace Higgins, of Grewell, Co. Southampton spinster about 14, " consent of Father Sir Thomas Higgins of same Knight at S'. Mary, Savoy "or S'. Martins in the Fields— 31 Aug. 1677." "William Wheeler son of Thomas Wheeler and Elizabeth his wife " baptized May ist, 1675, at St. Dunstan in the West— out of Chancery Lane." Beside him there were two others of the name of William Wheeler, father and son, both goldsmiths, likewise in Fleet Street ; the elder of whom, in the early part of the reign of King Charles the First, moved from his old shop to the Marygold, hitherto a tavern, next door to Temple Bar. William Wheeler was a Comptroller of the Mint in 1627.' There is very little to record of these Wheelers beyond the fact that they had an assistant or clerk of the name of Robert Blanchard (erroneously called Richard Blanchard, in the Little London Directory of 1677). In 1643, we find that a William Wheeler subscribed £\ to Sir James Harrington's Company in the Militia assessments, and on July 26th, 1645, ^25.^ There can be very little doubt that these entries refer to the goldsmith, as also do other mentions of the name among the State Papers. In 1663, the elder William Wheeler died^ ; and in the Court Books of the Goldsmiths' Company we find the following entry, proving that William Wheeler, Jun., continued as a goldsmith : — " 27th April, 1666, William Wheeler,'* the sonne of William Wheeler, " Goldsmith, deceased, upon the testimony of William Rawson, John Marryott, ' The office of Comptroller of the Mint, in the Tower of London, was granted to Henry Cogan and William Wheeler, for life, or to the longer liver, with a fee of 100 marks per annum and other profits. {See Appendix No. 22, p. 154). In a manuscript book at Osterley Park, the seat of the Childs, and now of the Earl of Jersey, the name of William Wheeler, Jun., is scribbled over the fly leaves many times. == Add. Lay Subs., Lond. & Middx., 253-12, P.R.O. 3 There is a will of William Wheeler, described as of St. Clement Danes, goldsmith, in 1661. In the registers of St. Martin's, Ludgate, under date 1631, June, is the following entry : "The xxviii day was marryed John Wheeler and Susane Millford, Licence p. Mr. Sherman." " In a hearth-tax roll, soon after the great fire of London in 1666, there is mention of Henry Childe, burnt 2 hearths, 6^. In Whitefriars Precinct, St. Dunstan in the West, Edward Wheeler 4 hearths, i2j. Prayse Barebon, 7 hearths, £1 is. William Wheeler, 4 hearths, \2s. Thus showing 35. a hearth was charged. I 2 24 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD S BANK. " Goldsmiths, was sworn and made free by Patrimony and paid as of " Custome." The following extract from the Registry of the Vicar-General of the Archbishop of Canterbury, will show that Francis Child married his cousin. " 1 67 1, Oct. 2— Francis Child, of St. Clement Danes, Middlesex, Citizen and Goldsmith of London, bachelor, aged about 28, and Elizabeth Wheeler, of the same parish, spinster, aged about 19, with the consent of her mother, Mrs. Martha Blanchard, alias Wheeler."" She was the only daughter of William Wheeler. After William Wheeler's death, in 1663, Robert Blanchard appears to have carried on the goldsmith's business by himself, Francis Child being then too young. Robert Blanchard married Francis Child's mother,^ the widow Wheeler, as in an old ledger may be observed the following entry in the account of Mrs. Martha Blanchard, in Francis Child's own handwriting :— " There rests " due to my mother," so much, stating the sum. In the will of James Prince,^ citizen and goldsmith of London, dated 26th September, 1649, occurs the following entry : — " I give to my late servant Robert Blanchard tenn pounds "to be paid within one yeare after my decease. I give to the poor of Clements " Danes where I now hve ffive pounds." We might infer from this that, prior to his joining the business of William Wheeler, he was an apprentice of James Prince. From 1676 the name of Wheeler is seen no more. The business was then in the hands of Robert Blanchard, as we find he rented the Marygold, for 61 years, of John Land and Elizabeth Land. In the following year, 1677, when the "Little London Directory" was published, we find the names of Blanchard and Child keeping running cashes at Y° Marygold within Temple Bar. At the decease of Robert Blanchard, in 1681, the lease was taken on by Francis Child until 1697, when we find that John Land died and left the premises to the parish of St. Dunstan. By the following extract from a parish lease it will be seen that Sir Francis Child ' They were to marry at St. Margaret's, Westminster, but there is no record of the marriage in the registry of that parish. ^ i.e. Mother-in-law; it was a very common practice to speak of one's mother-in-law as ' mother " in those days. ^ On the 26th July, 1645, ^ Colonel Prince subscribed, for himself, £,1, and a Snaphaunce Dragoon Musket, and 14^., on the Militia Assessments, ordered to be raised by Parliament July, 1643. He is described as of Clements Danes. [Add. Subs., 253-12, P.R.O.] Plate IV. To face page 25. C. p. KfU 5- Son, 8, Furrttvut filreel, linthorn, K.t BACK PKEMISES, ONCE PART OF TITE SUGAR LOAF AND GRF.KN LATTICE. Usetl as the Kill hen of the old Bank until 187S. THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD S BANK. 25 rented these premises of that parish : — " John Land late of the Parish of "St. Martins Ludgate, London gen', dec'', in and by his will dated 26 April " 1697 did give and devise all his freehold messuage of tenements with "appurtenances situated lying and being in Fleet Street on the south side of " the same street next adjoyning to Temple Bar in the parish of St. Dunstans " now in the occupation of Sir Francis Child and his other Freehold messuage "etc. on the south side of the same street and adjoyning unto the last "mentioned messuage and late in the occupation of John Button and now or "late in the tenure or occupation of William Biggins. And all that the said "messuage or tenement with the appurtenances commonly called and known " by the name of the Sugar Loaf and Green Lettice situate etc. in Fleet " Street aforesaid on S'^ side of the street and adjoyning to the said last "mentioned messuage in tenure and occupation of Will". Biggins together "with all shops, cellars, chambers, yards, rooms, lights, passages etc. to Y° " Minister and Church Wardens of the parish of St. Dunstans in the West for " ever. The premises in occupation of Sir Francis Child from the feast of " St. Michael the Archangel 1707 and the premises known as the Sugar Loaf "in occupation of Will. Biggins from the feast of St. Michael etc. 1714 at the "yearly rental of ^60 for 61 years." In the poll-tax book of St. Dunstan's we find Thomas East, Goldsmith, at what is now No. i. Fleet Street, Blanchard's house, the Marygold, being under Temple Bar, and consequently in the Strand. In 1673, Blanchard was at the Marygold, and it appeared as No. i, Fleet Street, East having gone into the Strand. Blanchard must then have enlarged his premises after the building of Temple Bar. In 1666 Thomas East is entered in the hearth-tax roll for 8 hearths — simply in St. Dunstan in the West — and Jeremy East had 3. [Lay Subs, add., 252-32.] In the hearth tax roll of 1674,' Robert Blanchard was assessed on 9 hearths in St. Dunstan in the West — in the Marygold, evidently — and in 1675,'' in the Duchy Liberty, or St. Clement Danes, the same Robert was assessed on 6 hearths. In taking these hearth-tax rolls into consideration it may be of interest to extract a few well-known names from them, showing how many hearths they had in their respective houses. ' Add. Lay Subs. No.l^f p.R.Q., City of London. 23 Lay Subs. No. ^3, C. Middlesex. 370 26 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILd's BANK. In 1674 we find, in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West — WilHam Pinkney had 7 hearths. James Far, 23. The Widow Grome, 5. In Fleet Street — The Widow Anderton, 8. In Hind Court — George Fettiplace, 9. In 1675, in the Duchy Liberty, or St. Clements Danes Parish, appear the following names : — John East, 7 hearths. Widow Hall, 2. Mr. Price, 2. George Rogers, 3. In 1 68 1, at Blanchard's death," Francis Child inherited the whole fortune of the Wheelers, and of Blanchard. Francis Child, in 1656, was apprenticed to William Hall, of London, goldsmith, for eight years, at the expiration of which, in 1664, he was enrolled a freeman of London. He was a son of Robert Child, of Headington, Co. Wilts, a clothier, as will be seen from the following extract from the Apprentice Book of the Goldsmiths' Company : — "6th Mar., 1656. Memorandum that I ffrancis Childe the sonne of " Robert Childe of Heddington in the County of Wilts, Clothyer, doe putt "myself aprentize unto William Hall, Cittizen and Goldsmith of London for " the tearme of eight yeares from the feast of S'. Mary the Blessed Virgin " next ensuing. " Francis Child." Of William Hall little is known further than that he was appointed one of a committee of seven to survey the site of Goldsmiths' Hall after the Fire of London, and he contributed ^55 towards the re-building of St. Paul's Cathedral. We also find a Mr. William Hall, of St. Clement's Danes and Savoy districts, subscribing £16 on the Militia Assessments, July, 1643, and also £2 los. to Major Taylor's Company. "" In Cheapside, a William Hall had eight hearths in his house in 1666.3 ' By his wil', dated 17th August, 1680, he gave the Goldsmiths' Company ^200, to pay £^ a year twice to two widows. It is now applied towards payment of the pensions to the Acton almswomen. He also gave a rent-charge to the Vicar and Churchwardens of Fulham for the poor, producing annually £1, according to Return, 1786-8, ' Addl. Lay Subs. : London and Middx., No. 253-12, P.R.O. ' Addl, Lay Subs, No. ^-^, P.R.O. 32 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILd's BANK. 27 In the chancel of St. Foster's Church there is a monument to "Will. Hall, late of this Parish, Goldsmith, Common Councilman for Goldsmith's Row Precinct 20 years, and Deputy of this Ward' 41 years. Died 1680, aged 75." At Mr. Blanchard's death, in 1681,' the firm became Francis Child and John Rogers. Subsequently a Mr. Jackson was taken into the firm, as we find cheques addressed to him as partner with Mr. Child in 1689. 9-^,^J^9/ *^^3X^ -2^^ t^ ^ c>^ Draft of Charles, ist Duke of Bolton, 1689. {See p. 53.) Francis Child, the founder of the well-known race of bankers of that name, married Elizabeth, only daughter and heiress of William Wheeler, by whom he had twelve sons and three daughters. He had eight brothers. Daniel lived with him at Parson's Green ; Edward lived at Burghley in 1686 ; ' Farringdon Within. See extracts from his will, Appendix No. 23, p. 155. 28 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD's BANK. John lived at Devizes, and was an M.P. ; his only daughter and heiress, Jane, married Robert Nicholas, of Roundway Park, Devizes. She died in 1725, aged 63. There is a monument in St. James' Church, Devizes, to her memory. Of the remaining five brothers nothing is known. John Dryden, the poet, is said to have deposited ^50 in the hands of Robert Blanchard, goldsmith, next door to Temple Bar, for the discovery of Lord Rochester's bullies. In the " London Gazette," 22nd and 24th December, 1679, the following advertisement appeared : — "Whereas John Dreyden Esq. was on Thursday the i8th Instant at " night barbarously assaulted and wounded in Rose Street in Covent Garden " by divers men unknown. If any person shall make discovery of the said " offenders to the said M''. Dreyden or to any Justice of the Peace he " shall not only receive fifty pounds, which is deposited in the hands of " M"'. Blanchard, goldsmith, next door to Temple Bar for the said purpose ; " but if he be a Principal or an Accessory in the said Fact himself His " Majesty is graciously pleased to promise him his pardon for the same." Cunningham writes, in his " Handbook of London," that in Rose Street (between King Street and Long Acre), on the 18th December, 1679, as Dryden was returning home by Long Acre, over against Rose Street, he was barbarously assaulted and wounded by three persons hired for the purpose, as is now known, by Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. Fifty pounds were offered by the King for the discovery of the offenders, and a pardon, in addition, if a principal or an accessory would come forward. But Rochester's " Black Will with a cudgel " (the name he gives his bully) was bribed to silence, it is thought by a better reward. Rochester took offence at a passage in Lord Mulgrave's " Essay on Satire," in which his lordship received assistance from Dryden.' The following interesting bill for plate, bought of Blanchard & Child, speaks for itself: — ' " London Gazette," 22nd December, 1679. Plate V. To face page 28. n r c S c o o 2: H O a THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD's BANK. 29 1668. Mr. Dryden. £ s. d. Dec. 24. — ffor a sugar box and 6 spoones w'. 35°^ 8 10-6 Graveing _ 2 6 Jan. 28.— ffor the silver of 6 salts w'. Io°^ 6 2 13 2 ffor making them _ 12 - June II. — ffor a paire Camp Tumblers w'. 9°^ 7 at 6 2 16 - ffor 6 spoones 3 15 _ Dec. 10. — ffor a small Lockett i__ ffor a Ring w' 156 ffor mending a Corrall _ _ 6 Mar. 24. — ffor a Comb box and 2 Powder Boxes w'. 47.6 14 3 g ffor graveing them ... ... ... ... ... ... ... -j- ffor a Basson w'. 56 at 5-8 15 16 6 ffor agraveing of it ... ... ... ... ... ... _ 2 _ ffor a Porringer and graveing w'. 7°^^ i 18 6 July 24.— Paid, Mr Dryden 16 2 6 ^70 14 5 y^ Draft of Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester. {See p. 65.) In an old ledger, on the 12th January, 1663, the following occurs, showing that the business was in the sole name of Robert Blanchard : — "This accompt and all former accompts are fully stated and satisfied " between Mr. Blanchard and myself — saving that there rests in his hands " 97 ounces 1 1 pennyweights of old plate not allowed for, witnesse my hand. "Signed, ffra. Naylor." K 30 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD S BANK. The ledger in which the above occurs is mostly in the handwriting of Robert Blanchard. There is this singular entry in the account of Robert Blanchard, on 5th June, 1 68 1, the day on which he died: "Spent on the Doctor at the Devill Tavern ys. 6d." From the 20th May to that date an entry occurs daily for "ye Doctors and Chirurgions." It might be inferred from this that he died at the Marygold. His residence was Hollybush House, Parson's Green, Fulham. He was buried in Fulham Church, where a slab to his memory formerly existed in the centre aisle. ^^ j!V4f ^ -J^fT^. ^. J^i*- C-i^a^n^ry^a^^/j^^/^ (^ UUHfjc Draft of Robert Bertie, ist Duke of Ancaster, Great Chamberlain, 1722. {See p. 49.) After Sir Francis Child's death, in 1713, the firm became Robert Child, Francis Child, Henry Rogers, and Henry Morse, and was styled " Sir Robert Child & Company." Sir Robert Child died in 1721, when the firm was Francis Child, Esq., Samuel Child, Henry Rogers, Henry Morse, and John Morse, styling themselves "Francis Child, Esq., & Co.," and after 1731 Sir Francis Child & Co. Henry Rogers died in 1735, and in 1736 Sir Francis Child, Samuel Child, John Morse, and Barneby Backwell were the partners. In "The County Journal, or the Craftsman," of 9th June, 1733, it states that Mr. Morse, the Banker in Fleet Street, partner with Sir Francis Child, has lately THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILd's BANK, 3 1 purchased the estate at Woburne, Bucks, near Maidenhead, late belonghig to the Duke ofWharton, for which he paid ^^26,000, said to be about ^1,000 per annum. By John Morse's will, who died a few years after 1736, ^10,000 East India Stock was left to Sir Francis Child, and ^10,000 to Mr. Samuel Child. Amongst many other legatees of smaller sums, Mr. Barneby Backwell received ;^ioo. Sir Francis Child died in 1740, when articles of partnership were entered into between Messrs. Samuel Child, Barneby Backwell, and William Backwell, the firm being styled " Samuel Child, Esq., & Co." It appears to have remained as above until Samuel Child's death, in 1752, when fresh articles were entered into between Mrs. Agatha Child, his widow, Messrs. Barneby Backwell, William Backwell, and Thomas Devon, the style of the firm being " Messrs. Childs & Backwells." In the following year Mr. Barneby Backwell died, when the firm was again altered, by Mr. John Fludd being admitted to the partnership. (In 1734, this John Fludd was [clerk or] servant to Richard Morson, of the " Anchor and Three Crowns," in Lombard Street, as may be seen by the endorsement to an old note of Child's.) In 1756 Mr. William Backwell retired. Then articles were entered into between Mrs. Agatha Child, Francis Child (her son), Thomas Devon, and John Fludd. On 9th August, 1760, John Fludd died, and the firm became Agatha Child, Francis Child, Robert Child, Thomas Devon, and Robert Lovelace, under the style of "Francis Child, Esq., & Co." About the year 1762, printed cheques were issued, addressed to Francis Child, Esq., & Co. : they were, in all probability, the first on record. Their issue was continued by Robert Child & Co., and by Messrs. Child & Co. for some 30 or 40 years; they then fell into disuse until about i860. In 1763 both Mrs. Agatha Child and her son Francis died, and the following changes took place : — Robert Child became head partner, with Thomas Devon, Robert Lovelace, Robert Dent, and John Church, under the style of " Robert Child, Esq., & Co." By his will, 1763, Francis Child left to his two partners Thomas Devon and Robert Lovelace ^20,000 a-piece, and to clerks (Robert Dent, John Church, Marmaduke Langdale, John Keysall, John Edgar, John Wormald, and William Donaldson) gifts of ^20 each for mourning. This Mr. John Wormald was for a short time a clerk in Messrs. Smith Payne's Bank. After Mr. Robert Child's death, on 28th July, 1782, the firm became Mrs. Sarah Child (his widow), Messrs. Robert Lovelace, Robert Dent, John K 2 32 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD S BANK. Church, and John Keysall, who traded under the name of " Messrs. Child & Co.," and the firm has been thus styled ever since. The executors of Mr. Child were his widow, Messrs. Robert Dent, John Church, and John Keysall. Robert Lovelace died at Clapham, 23rd April, 1796. The following is a copy of the circular letter issued by the firm on Mr. Robert Child's death :— " We are much concern'd to be under the necessity of informing you of the very great loss we have sustained by the Death of Mr. Child, which happened on the 28th ult. " Mr. Child, by his will, has given all his Estates, both real and personal to Mrs. Child, and his Partners in Trust, for the purpose of paying all his Partnership debts, and for carrying on the Business as usual, and has made us the Executors of his Will. We will, therefore, on this occasion request you will do us the Honor to Address your future Letters to Messrs. Child & Comp^., Temple Bar." In 1786, two more partners were taken into the house, and the firm became Mrs. Sarah Child, Messrs. Robert Dent, John Church, John Keysall, John Edgar, and John Wormald. In 1787, the bank-notes of the firm bore a sixpenny impressed revenue stamp. On 7th August, 1 788, Mr. John Church died. In 1790, another alteration took place by the introduction, as junior partner, of Mr. William Donaldson, who had been a clerk in the Bank of Sir C. Asgill & Co. In 1 791, Mrs. Sarah Child married the third Baron Ducie, and the balance sheet of that year was signed by Lady Ducie, Lord Ducie, Messrs. Robert Dent, John Keysall, John Edgar, John Wormald, and William Donaldson. On 23rd May, 1793, Lady Ducie died, Lord Ducie signing for her share. On loth November, 1793, the Countess of Westmore- land died. There was no further alteration until 1795, when Mr. John Dent was taken into the firm. In 1797, Mr. John Wormald, senior, retired, and, on the I ith December of that year, he died at Gomersal, his seat near Leeds, in his 72nd year, and in the following year we find that his nephew, Mr. John Wormald, was admitted as junior partner. In 1800, Mr. Harry Smith entered the firm ; on the 5th February, 1805, Mr. Robert Dent died, after having enjoyed the partnership for a term of forty-two years. In 1805, Mr. William Donaldson also died, and the partners were Messrs. John Keysall, John Dent, John Wormald, and Harry Smith — that is, between October 2nd, 1805, and March 4th, 1806. It was in this year that the old custom of annually casting Plate VI. To face page 32. o o c z c o c o r D > z THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS, CHILD S BANK. S^ up " y" shop," as it was termed (which always took place on the and October), was altered to the 4th March, the 2 ist birthday of the Right Hon. Sarah Sophia Child, Countess of Jersey, who then participated in the profits of the bank as head partner with Messrs. John Dent, John Wormald, and Harry Smith, and inherited the large fortune of her grandfather, nearly half-a-million in Consols, besides estates in many parts of England. Mr. John Keysall retired on 4th March, 1806. In 1808, two additional partners were admitted, Messrs. William Fuller and James Wood. No further change occurred until 181 7, when Mr. Harry Smith died, and on the 4th March, 18 18, the firm-book was signed by the Countess of Jersey, Messrs. John Dent, John Wormald, William Fuller, James Wood, and John Lister. The firm continued as above until the death of Mr. John Dent, on 14th December, 1826. He was the inventor of the dog tax, according to Lord Brougham — he was of a West- moreland family. After the tax had been imposed under Pitt, Dent was universally known by the name of " Dog Dent." He frequently received large hampers, freely garnished with hares' legs, pheasants' tails, grouse and partridge wings, etc. but invariably filled with dead dogs. The following March Messrs. William Shepherd and Ralph Addison entered the firm. Mr. James Wood died 3rd July, 1833. On the 21st April, 1835, Mr. John Wormald died, and Mr. William Shepherd retired, and Mr. William Whelan became junior partner. In 1836 Mr. John Brown was admitted, and in the year following, on Mr. William Henry Smith's coming in, the firm became : — The Countess of Jersey, Messrs. William Fuller, Ralph Addison, William Whelan, John Brown, and William Henry Smith.' No alteration took place until 1840, when Mr. William Whelan retired and Mr. Ralph Addison died on 6th August. In March of that year Mr. John Wormald came into the firm. On 4th March, 1842, Mr. William Fuller retired, and on ist October, 1843, Mr. John Brown died. The business was then carried on by the Countess of Jersey, Messrs. W. H. Smith, John Wormald, William Wood, and John Copp ; the latter died in 1848, and in the following year Mr. William Wood retired. In March, 1849, Messrs. ' William Whelan was the last of the partners who wore powder. Mr. Wormald, who died in 1835, wore a short brown pigtail wig. At this time the partners and senior clerks wore knee breeches, shoes and buckles, blue coats with brass buttons, and white neck cloths. When they went out they wore gaiters or top-boots. 34 THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD S BANK. William Shepherd, George Addison, and Edward Robinson were admitted partners. There was no change in the firm until March, 1859, when Mr. William Henry Smith retired, and in the following year Mr. Thomas Hiram Fraser became junior partner. By the death of Mr. William Shepherd, in 1862, another vacancy occurred, which was filled by Mr. Alfred Mortimer. The next change took place in 1866, when Mr. T. H. Fraser (a son-in-law of Mr. John Wormald) died, and Mr. Frederick William Price was admitted into the firm as junior partner. On 26th January, 1867, the Countess of Jersey died, after a long reign of 61 years as head of the bank. In the course of the same year Mr. Alfred Mortimer retired, and the junior partner's place was filled up by Mr. Charles Thorold Fane. In 1868 we find the balance-sheet signed by the Hon. Frederick William Child Villiers, a son of the late Countess (as trustee for the Earl of Jersey), Messrs. John Wormald, George Addison, Edward Robinson, F. W. Price, and C. T. Fane. Two further changes are noted in 1872 — the Hon. F. W. C. Villiers died, and Mr. George Addison retired ; the head of the house then became the Right Hon. Victor Albert George, Earl of Jersey, and Mr. Robert Hughes Potter was admitted to the junior partnership. The next change we have to record was the retirement of Mr. Edward Robinson, which took place in March, 1874, and the admission of Mr. Edward Prichard Evans as junior partner ; thus, in the early part of 1874, the business was carried on by the Earl of Jersey, Messrs. John Wormald, F. W. Price, C. T. Fane, Robert Hughes Potter and E. P. Evans, under the designation of the old firm of Messrs. Child & Co. Mr. John Wormald died at the age of seventy-eight years, on loth November, 1874, during thirty-four of which he was a partner ; and we may record the singular circumstance that he completed his sixtieth year in the house on the very day he was taken with his last illness. Mr. Frederick Littlehales was admitted into the partnership on 4th March, 1875. On 4th March, 1883, Mr. E. P. Evans retired, and Mr. George Gunning was admitted into the partnership. On 4th March, 1886, Mr. R. H. Potter retired. The vacant partnership was kept open for Mr. John Wormald, who was in delicate health. In May, 1887, he found it impossible to undertake the duties, and retired, but, his health improving, he subsequently re-entered the firm. Mr. Frederick George Hilton Price was admitted as junior partner, and, on 20th June, Mr. Frederick Littlehales retired and Mr. George Lionel Dashwood was admitted, both Plate VII. To face page 34. THE RT. HON. SARAH SOPHIA CHILD, COUNTESS OF JERSEY. (Head of the Bank, 1806-1867) THE CUSTOMS AND PARTNERSHIP OF MESSRS. CHILD S BANK. 35 promotions to date from 4th March, 1887. On 31st January, 1888, Mr. F. W. Price died. On 4th March, 1889, Mr. John Hall was admitted junior partner. On the 4th March, 1898, Mr. George Gunning retired; he died 6th September, 1899, and Mr. George Hutchinson Shepherd was admitted as junior partner ; the business was carried on by the Earl of Jersey, Messrs. Charles Thorold Fane, Frederick George Hilton Price, George Lionel Dashwood, John Hall, George Hutchinson Shepherd and John Wormald, under the style of " Messrs. Child & Co." Mr. Charles Thorold Fane retired on 4th March, 1901, and on the 23rd November of the same year he died, at Fulbeck Manor, Lincoln- shire. On the 4th March, 1901, Mr. Alfred John Howard, Mr. George William Moore Johnson, and Mr. Frederick William Fane were admitted partners, the business being carried on by the Earl of Jersey, Frederick George Hilton Price, George Lionel Dashwood, John Hall, George Hutchinson Shepherd, Alfred John Howard, John Wormald, George William Moore Johnson and Frederick William Fane, under the style of " Messrs. Child & Co." CHAPTER V. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. The history of the banking-house of Messrs. Child & Co. is interesting on account of its being universally acknowledged to be the first banking-house in succession to the goldsmith's trade from which it sprang, and from the business having been conducted on the same site from very early times. Friends and customers of the bank are frequently wont to inquire of members of the house the date of the commencement of the banking - house. The reply they usually receive to such a question is : — " It is difficult to say ; we " had the cash accounts of Oliver Cromwell, Nell Gwyn, and that of her "executors in 1687, also the account of King William the Third and his " Queen, Mary, which we can prove by our ledgers ; but how long we were " established before that time we can't exactly say." In recording the business of the bank, we find that John Rogers' name first appears on July 23rd, 1681, when he opened an account; he seems to have been a cousin of Sir Francis Child, as his brothers, Edward and John Child, address him as "dear cousin." He lived at Stanmore, and had a son James, who was not in the bank. John Rogers was a subscriber to the Holy Bible printed in 1696. The family came from Heddington, Wiltshire, a place in which they were for several generations lords of the manor, and patrons, and some of the family rectors of the parish. The Childs were originally also from this place. Appended is given a copy of a receipt given by John Rogers : — " June 12^ 1682. " Rec"^. of the right hon'''^ John Earl of Rutland by the hands of " Mr. ffransis Parke the sum of six hundred sixteen pounds and ten shillings " in full for a silver cisterne — weighing 1,979°'- lo'*'''"- C. in full of all accompts "debts and demands whatsoever to the day of the date hereof I say. £ s. d. 616 10 00 "For Mr. Fran. Child & self. " Jn°. Rogers." Plate VIII. To fticc pivj^c 36. SILVER CISTERN SOLD TO THE EARL OF RUTLAND IN 1682. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT, ^ This cistern, which was sold by Messrs. Child & Rogers to the Ear of Rutland, in 1682, has a capacity of 52 gallons, and is still in the same family, it being now in the possession of the Duke of Rutland. Plate VIII. is taken from a photograph by Broadhead, of Leicester, showing four children of the Marquis of Granby in it. It was taken about 1892. The cistern supplied to the Earl of Devonshire in 1687 was much larger, as it weighed 3,496 oz., and, at 7^., came to ;^i,223 125. In 1 710 the Duke of Newcastle bought a large silver cistern, weighing 3,444 oz., at IS. id. p. oz. = ;^904 \s. Mr. Henry Rogers, who became a partner in 1707, was nephew of the above-named John Rogers, and died on the loth March, 1736, a bachelor; his executors were Samuel and Francis Child. The following notice of his death is taken from the " Universal Spectator," of the 13th March, 1736 : — " Wednesday morning about ten o'clock, Mr. Henry Rogers, the Banker at " Temple Bar, Partner with Sir Francis Child and Company, was found dead " in his bed ; he was at the Rainbow Coffee- House the night before, and " went to bed in tolerable health, tho' for some time past he had been " asthmatical and decaying ; he bore an excellent character for a human, " good-natur'd, friendly man, always ready and willing to be serviceable to " his neighbours and acquaintance. He is reckon'd to have left a consider- " able Fortune behind him, acquir'd with great Industry and Integrity." The uncle of the above, the Rev. Robert Rogers, was private secretary to Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. Henry Needham, who was a clerk in the house, and whose signature is affixed to the bank notes of 1729, was a connection of the Rogers family. The following little bill appears rather contradictory, as his attendant had sat up with him for four days and four nights prior to his death, therefore he could hardly have been at the " Rainbow " the night before : — "Mr. Rogers Bill 1735/6. " March For setting up with Mr. Rogers y^ lo"" 4 days & 4 nights ... For laying him out irsT ...J ^^ ° ° ^i 38 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. "April I. 1735. Rec^ of the Ex'" of Henry Rogers Two pounds six shillings & four pence in full of all Demands. (Signed) William Kean." The above sum included a washing and repairing bill. In these early days of banking pass-books had not been invented, so a customer was wont to call at the bank and check his account in the ledger in the presence of one of the partners. The customer, having agreed to his account, would sign his name on the debit side of the ledger, stating, " I allow this account," and very frequently the partner signed the credit side. The first record of a pass-book being given, or rather asked for, was when Lady Carteret, in 1715, wrote as follows: — " M'. Child I desire you " will send y^ money I called ab' t'other morning in 50 pounds bills as far as " 300"^ and y^ other hundred in 5 twenty pound bills, y' person I thought of " sending to examine y' account is sick. I should be glad of a Book as I " used to have at M'. Mead's' w'J" an account of all that you have rec"^ upon " this article." And again another interesting letter on a similar subject, addressed to Mr. Henry Morse, one of the partners, by the Earl of Lichfield : — "May 30, 1713. " Sir, " I love to go on in old formes if there be no reasons of consequence to y^ contrary, & there fore I send you y° writing that was allwayes put to y' foot of y^ accounts between Mr. Coggs' and I when they were passed for every halfe yeares rents, & to this writing Mr. Dann & I sett our hands. " I am " Your affectionate " friend to serve you, " Litchfield." " I suppose my account is ready in your Bookes for my Mich""' rents and a duplicate of it for me & I will come & passe it y^ first opportunity I have ' Mr. Mead was a goldsmith and banker at the sign of the " Goat " in the Strand. ' Mr. Coggs was a goldsmith at the sign of the " King's Head," in the Strand, in partner- ship with Mr, Dann. The name of John Coggs appears as a goldsmith keeping running cashes, in the " Little London Directory "of 1677. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 39 any leisure. This writing need not be set to y* account till I come because some small matter perhaps may be drawne upon you between this & then." Many singular entries appear in the various accounts in the early ledgers, or posting books, as they were then called ; for instance, in that of — " ffran : Wyndham. 1663. 31 July- for the silver of 6 forged forkes' j w' 1 2 9 at 55. 2d. i ~ for makeing them 015 At the same date his account was credited by " Old spoones & forkes,' w' 54 14 at s'' 2"^ ;C^3 2 7, which is interesting as evidence of carrying the date of the use of forks in England further back than is usually supposed. " Joseph Maynard. 1663. 6 forged forks 10 9 at [^/ani] 3 7 3" " Mrs. H. Driden. 1663. Nov. 20. ffor the gold of fourty funerall | rings, w' 3°^- ii*"- 8^'- at ?i3 7 6 3-i5-= J fashion of them at I '• 4* — 02 13 4 six more w' i3"'""- 15 at 3.15 — 211 - for makeing of them o 8 00 2 more at io7- a piece 01 00 00 ;^i9 19 10" In 1673 a very unusual item, which I have never met with before, occurs in the account of the Countess of Devonshire ; she is charged for — " a warming pan w' 79°^- 7'^''^- at 6= ^£22 6 - for handle and graveing 076" These are earlier dates for forks than are mentioned by Cripps in his " Old English Plate," where he states that Prince Rupert purchased 24 forks with his plates in 1670, and Prince George of Denmark a dozen in 1686, but he does not give his authority for the same. (See the account of Prince George, p. 41.) L 2 40 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. and in the same year Lord Cornbury had two warming pans, weighing respectively 97 and 99 ounces ; it would be interesting to know whether these have been preserved to the present day. " Hon : Dame Mar. Prujean. 1669. Nov. 12, for fouer Tyned forkes "i . w' 23 2 at 5^. 2d. }£5 In the account of Sir Francis North, on 28th of February, 1674, there may be seen the following : — " For a chamberpott 26 oz : at 5 9 oz. and graving "i „ same, etc. J A like item appears in the Earl of Exeter's account in 1678, only he has two ; and, 1686, in the Duke of Beaufort's account — " For a chamberpott & cover 38 oz. 7 dts. ;^i i 10 - " The parish of St. Dunstan's in the West purchased their mace at the Marygold, as will be seen from the following entry : — " 1680 — For a guilt mace 57 oz, 16 dts."! _ Dec, 21 at 8s. 6. per oz. j For a case - 10- £^5 1 6" This was not all paid for in cash ; but a piece of plate was given as part payment — " 1680 Rec'' from Mr. Gwyn for a guilt"! May 29 bowle and cover 28 oz. 16 dts J by money 16 18 4 £25 I 6" Plate IX. To face page 40. 3) m o m > r > H m 33 > < m 33 o Y » '^ 4t'-$'' Q ^' S""""- at 6/4f°^- ... 35 io i i i2 salts w^ io3°^- at 6/6 p. oz. is 33 9 6 For guilding 2 of y" and engraving y"" "1 w'" y"= crowne 6 14 2 10 4 Standsw^^ iiS°^- : |at 6/2 p. oz. is ... 35 i2 3 A salt w^ 29°^- ii"'- at 6/3 p. oz. is ... 948 for graveing it 030 for a Paire of Bassett Candlesticks "I , jjjoz. j^dwt. at 6^g J 30 5 4 12 small dishes w^ 346°^- io*"- at 5/8 ... 98 3 6 for 4 Create Covers w^ 335°^- 8 p""^- atT . . ,7 ^''•' > is 100 12 4 6/- p. oz J 24 Trencher plates w^sos"^- at 5/8 p. oz. is 143 i 8 for graveing y" at 3/- p. trencher plate ... 3 i2 - i2 Spoones & i2 Forkes w^ 54°^- is*"*- "1 at 5/2 r for makeing y^ spoones ... i 4 - for makeing y° forkes i io - For a coron' w^ 16°^- i;'"- at 5/2 per oz. is 47- ffor makeing & guilding it ... ... 9 - - ffor new makeing the Capp ... ... - 5 -." " The Rt. Hble. the Earle of Kingstone. 1685- Aug. 20- fforagold Tumbler, ti.15, at 4""- 5=peroz. ;^49 18 9 ffor graueving & for a box o i 6 Sep. 7. ffor a Jepan'd Cupp & Cover & Salver, "1 19 17 3 6jo.. ^d-t.^ at 6/6 ffor Lone of Plate to y'' 23 Nov., 900°^- 210 1687 ffor a Gold Plate, w' si""- oo""'- 12^', at"1 4*- 5^- p. oz. is J ffor graueving it in 3 places & for y' case 015 ffor a Gold Tumbler, ii""- i7*""' i8^-, at"l 4"'- 5'- p. oz. is / ffor graueving it w"" y^ crest & runing- "1 131 17 50 9 horse Amongst the accounts in the books of the old firm, no one account is more interesting than that of Nell Gwyn and of her executors. She died in debt to Francis Child and John Rogers, in 1687. I subjoin an extract made from a folio in the ledger, by which it will be seen her executors agree to the debt and to pay the moderate rate of interest, 5 per cent., especially moderate then when money was generally at 6 per cent. 42 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. " The Hon. Mad : Gwinn— "The accompt' being stated between Mr. Child & Mr. Rogers on y" one part, and y^ executors of Madam Gwinn on y^ other part, there appeared to be due for principall & interest y° sum of six thousand nine hundred pounds, whereof was paid to them by Sir Stephen Fox on y^ behalf of y^ Duke of S'. Albans Two thousand Three hundred pounds, & by y° Sale of 14,443 ounces of plate which y° executors doe absolutely sell to them J^efsi Doctor's Receipt for attending Nell Gwyn in her last Illness, 1688. amounting to Three thousand seaven hundred ninety one pounds five shillings, nine pence. So that there remaines due unto y° said Mr. Child & Mr. Rogers onely Eight hundred & eight pounds for q'- interest whereof ontill y° same be repaid y"" s'^ Mr. Child & Mr. Rogers do agree to accept of Five pounds per cent., in witness whereof y° E'"'"- have here unto put their hands this seaventh day of January, 1687." " Rochester.' " H. Sidney.^ " R. Sawyer.'' " Pembroke.^ The ledgers prior to 1690 are much mixed up with banking accounts, goldsmiths' accounts, and occasional " pawnes " accounts, thus showing that ' For statement of her account, see Appendix No. 24, p. 156. " Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester. ^ Lord Sydney, Viscount of Sheppey. * Sir Robert Sawyer. 5 Eighth Earl of Pembroke. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 43 the latter old and profitable branch of a goldsmith's trade lingered on for a considerable period. An account headed " Pawnes " in 1669 was, a few folios further on, simply headed " P " ; that is the origin of our present account designated by that letter. In some of the old ledgers are sketches of various jewels then possessed by the firm. [See PI. XXVII., facing p. 164.] There are two interesting entries relating to pawnbroking between the bank and the Countess of Devonshire and Lord Seafort. They read as follows : — "The Countess of Devonshire. "1685. for a Coronet ;^s. " for int : of ;Cioo — lent on 1 Dressing Plate i^'* " also lent Lord Seafort on a Sword"! „ and Plate J -^^ Sa- lt is recorded that in the year 1689 the stability of Child's bank for a moment became precarious, in consequence of a rumour becoming prevalent that a run was about to be made upon it ; this coming to the knowledge of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (then Lady Churchill), she at once set to work and collected amongst her friends as much gold as she was able, which she brought down to the bank in her coach on the very morning the run was to be made, so enabling the firm to meet all demands. Hogarth made a spirited sketch of the Duchess's coach stopping at Temple Bar, and another of Her Grace appearing in the bank, following porters carrying bags of gold. Some people say that she wrote a cheque upon the Bank of England for ;^ 1 00,000, but that is probably an exaggerated statement, as no entry of such a transaction can be traced. It possibly may be an event that took place much after the one just described, or it may be another account of the same event. In the " History of the Bank of England " Mr. John Francis, who gives Ireland as his authority for the anecdote, gives the following account of the run, or " push " as it was then called, made upon Child's by the Bank of England : — "About 1745, the practice of bankers was to deliver, in exchange for money deposited, an accountable receipt, which they circulated like a modern cheque. Bank notes were then at a discount, and the Bank of England, jealous of Child's reputation, secretly collected the receipts of their rivals, determined, when they had a very large number, suddenly to demand money for them, hoping that Child's would not be able to meet their liabilities. 44 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT Fortunately for the latter they got scent of this plot, and, in great alarm, applied to the celebrated Duchess of Marlborough, who gave them a single cheque of ^^"700,000 on their opponents. " Thus armed. Child's waited the arrival of the enemy. It was arranged that this business should be transacted by one of the partners, and that a confidential clerk, on a given signal, should proceed with all speed to the Bank to get the cheque cashed. At last a clerk from the Bank of England appeared with a full bag and demanded money for a large number of receipts. The partner was called, who desired him to present them singly. " The signal was given, the confidential clerk hurried on his mission, the partner was very deliberate in his movements, and, long before he had taken an account of all the receipts, his emissary returned with ;^700,ooo, and the whole amount of ^500,000 or ^600,000 was paid by Child's in Bank of England notes. "In addition to the triumph of the manoeuvre. Child's must have made a large sum, from bank paper being at a considerable discount." Mr. Francis considers it most difficult of belief that any body of honourable men could act so disgraceful a part. It might have arisen out of a spirit of pique and revenge, as in the year 1707, when the Pretender was expected to invade England from France, where he had made extensive preparations, the people became very excited, and the demand for gold was very great. The result was that a large sum was drained out of the Bank of England and out of the hands of the goldsmiths. No entry of the above can be met with in the books of the firm, but we think it worth mentioning as we have no reason for doubting it, these and other stories being mostly founded to a certain degree on facts. Sir Francis Child and others, as will be seen, lent the Government at times considerable sums of money. 1 69 1 -2, Mar. 22 : — Sir F. Child, with others, lends the Government ;^io,ooo, on security of the Customes. 1692, Aug. 13 : — Sir F. Child, Sir Joseph Heme, and Sir Stephan Evance have advanced ^50,000 to Government to meet the expenses of the Government of Ireland (Luttrell). 1693, Nov. 25 : — Proposal of Sir F. Child to lend ;^5,ooo on the vote of the House of Commons, if the Lords of the Treasury would order the payment of ;^2,500 of this by a tally on the excise. It was stated that my Lords cannot just at this time strike more upon the excise.' ' Treasury Papers, SARAH, DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH, WITH A NOTE WRITTEN BY HER WHEN LADY CHURCHILL. % THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 45 Thomas, first Duke of Leeds, was one of the early subscribers for Bank of England Stock in the year 1694, the year in which that institution was started, as may be seen from an interesting letter from him, given in facsimile : — ^ y^ ^ Cfl&^i/^ ^fwis- ynju,^>^ ^iSjiu>x. J^^o^mj^ c^^.^ ?^ Draft of Philip, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, 1734. N 2 56 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEpT. Sir John Crewe, Bt., afterwards created Lord Crewe ; he died 1679. His sister, Jemima, was wife of the Earl of Sandwich. mcm'^^a.^fC^^^ &ruL ^^^v ^^^^ ^^^ Memorandum Signed by Robert Blanchard and John, Lord Creave, 1678. Sir Francis Child, goldsmith and banker, Lord Mayor of London, 1699 ; he died 17 13. Sir Robert Child, goldsmith and banker, eldest son of Sir Francis ; he died 1 72 1. Sir Francis Child, goldsmith and banker, 2nd son of Sir Francis Child ; he was Lord Mayor of London in 1732 ; he died in 1740. Samuel Child, banker, son of Sir Francis ; he died 175:;. Stephen Child, banker, of Lombard Street, son of Sir Francis; he died 1762. Sir Josiah Child, 2nd Baronet, 1703. Sir Richard Child, 3rd Baronet, afterwards Viscount Castlemain. Viscount Colchester, Thomas Savage, 3rd Viscount, afterwards Earl Rivers ; he married, ist, Elizabeth, natural daughter of Emanuel Scroop, Earl of Sunderland, and, 2ndly, Lady Arabella Lindsay, daughter of Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsay. He died 1694. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 5^ Maynard Colchester, 1684. Sir Duncombe Colchester, Bt., i688. Edward Clive, eldest son of ist Lord Clive, afterwards Earl of Powis. Lord Cholmondeley, 2nd Baron and ist Earl, 1688. Lady Anne Coke, daughter of ist Duke of Leeds, wife of Robert Coke, Esq., of Holkham, 1690. Viscount Conway, Edward, 4th Viscount and ist Earl ; he died in 1683, when his honours became extinct. Lord Conway, Francis Seymour, Baron Conway; he married, ist, Mary, 3rd daughter of Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester ; he died February, 1731-2. Sir Godfrey Copley, Bt., 1688, Lord Cornbury, Henry Hyde, son of Henry, 4th Earl of Clarendon ; died s.p. 1753. Earl of Cork and Orrery, John, 5th Earl, 1762. Sir John Hynde Cotton, Bt. ; died 1752. Walpole says, in noticing the event, "died, Sir John Cotton, the last Jacobite of any sensible activity." John Conyers, of Copt Hall, Essex, Esq., 17 10. Sir John Churchill, afterwards the Duke of Marlborough, 1682. Sarah, Lady Churchill, daughter of Richard Jenyns, Esq., wife of Sir John Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough. [See PI. X.] Sir Richard Cust, Bt., of Pinchbeck; he died 1700, and was ancestor of the present family of Cust. George Chudleigh of Halldon, brother of the notorious Duchess of Kingston, who was convicted by her peers for bigamy. Countess of Dalkeith, Henrietta, 2nd daughter of Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, wife of James, Earl of Dalkeith, eldest son of James, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch, natural son of King Charles II. by Lucy Walters. Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, 1673-1689, Lord High Treasurer of England, afterwards Duke of Leeds. Lord De la Warr, John West, 6th Baron ; he was one of the Tellers of the Exchequer, and afterwards Treasurer of the Excise ; he died 26th May, 1723. Earl De Loraine, Henry Scott, 2nd son of James, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch, grandson of King Charles II. by Lucy Walters; he died 25th December, 1730. Duke of Devonshire, William Cavendish, created Duke in 1694. He 58 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. was Lord Steward of the Household ; he married Mary, 2nd daughter of James, Duke of Ormonde, and died 1707. Duke of Devonshire, WilHam Cavendish, K.G., 1729 ; 3rd Duke. Duke of Dorset, Lionel Cranfield, K.G., 1 720-1 765. Viscount Dunblane, Peregrine, son of the Earl of Danby, afterwards Marquess of Carmarthen ; created a Viscount in the lifetime of his father. He afterwards became 2nd Duke of Leeds, and died 1729. Dunch, Edmund, of Wittenham, Berks, Esq., married to Elizabeth, daughter of Mrs. Arabella Godfrey, better known as Miss Churchill, sister of John, the ist Duke of Marlborough, and mistress of James, Duke of York. Mr. Dunch was Master of the Household to Queen Anne. Mrs. Dunch died 4th November, 1761, aged 89 ; she was the mother of Belle Dunch (Mrs. Thompson), on whom Lady Mary Wortley Montagu wrote an elegy, &c. {see Lady M. W. Montagu's works, Vol. H., 196, and HI., 409). Duncombe, Sir Charles, a banker in Lombard Street ; he was Sheriff of London in 1700 and Lord Mayor in 1709. Previous to 1672 he had been a clerk to Alderman Ed. Backwell, banker, of Lombard Street, and when that banker failed, in that year, Duncombe set up for himself at the " Grasshopper." Duncombe, Anthony, created, in 1 747, Lord Feversham ; he was a younger brother of Sir Charles Duncombe. He died 1763, when the title became extinct. Duncombe, Thomas, of Duncombe Park, grandson of Sir Charles Duncombe ; he was created Baron Feversham in 1826. Dysart, Lionel, 3rd Earl of, 1 727-1 770; he married Lady Grace Carteret, daughter of the Earl Granville. He lived at Ham House. Dysart, Grace, Countess of— a friend of Pope and Walpole. Essex, Elizabeth, Countess of, daughter of Wriothesley, 2nd Duke of Bedford, widow of William, 3rd Earl of Essex. Essex, William, 4th Earl of; died 1799. Exeter, John, 6th Earl of; died 1721. Exeter, Elizabeth, Countess of, wife of the 6th Earl, and daughter of Sir John Brownlow, Bt. Evelyn, George, of Wotton, brother of John Evelyn, the diarist, 1684. Fairfax, Henry, 1683. Robert Child bought the library of Bryan Fairfax, his descendant. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 59 Freschville, Anne, Lady, widow of John, Lord Freschville ; created 1664 and died 1682, when the title became extinct. Feilding, Robert, known at the time as " Handsome Feilding." He married Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland, whom he treated with insolence and brutality. She prosecuted him for bigamy, but he was pardoned by Queen Anne ; the trial is worth reading. He was the Orlando of the Tatler. Draft of Robert Feilding, 1688. Fox, Sir Stephen, father of the ist Lord Holland and Lord Ilchester ; was knighted ist July, 1665. He was constituted one of the Lords Com- missioners of the Treasury in 1680, and he died 1716, aged 89. Gainsborough, Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of; died 1751. Gainsborough, Mary, Countess of, 2nd wife of ist Earl of Gainsborough. She was daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, of Appuldurcombe, Isle of Wight. Granville, John Carteret, ist Earl of; he married, ist, October, 17 10, Frances, daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, Bt., and, 2ndly, Lady Sophia Fermor, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Pomfret ; he died 1763. Greville, Hon. Dodington, daughter and co-heir of the 4th Lord Brooke. She married the 4th Earl of Manchester, and died 1720. Gower, John, 2nd Baron and ist Earl; was Lord Privy Seal in 1742, created Earl Gower 1746, and died 1754. 6o THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. Gower, William Leveson, 2nd son of 1st Lord Gower, 1737. Grey of Ruthin, Henry Yelverton, 1 5th Baron Grey, created Viscount Longueville 1690, died 1704. He claimed by inheritance the right of wearing gold spurs at the coronation of King James H. ; he married Barbara, daughter of John Talbot, Esq. King George HI., signature to warrants. King George IV., signature to warrants. Griffin, Lady Essex Howard, only child of James Lord Howard de Walden, and wife of ist Lord Griffin. Lord Griffin adhered to the fortunes of King James H., upon whom he attended in France, and was outlawed ; he subsequently came over to England at an attempted invasion, and was taken prisoner and committed to the Tower, where he died in November, 1710. Guilford, Francis North, Lord Keeper, created Baron Guilford 1683, and died 1685. Gwyn, Nell, "pretty, witty Nell." She was not much of a scholar, as all she could do in the way of writing was to make her mark in bold letters "E.G." She was originally a vendor of fruit at the theatres ; she was formed by nature for a comedian, being very vivacious and of a well-moulded form, though below a medium stature. She spoke a prologue or epilogue admirably; she very rarely appeared in tragedy, but is known to have performed in the character of Almahide, alluded to by Lord Lansdowne, in his " Progress of Beauty," in this line : — " And Almahide, once more by kings adored." The pert, vivacious prattle of the orange wench by degrees became a wit refined sufficiently to please Charles. It was sometimes extravagant, but, even when most eccentric, seemed so natural that it caused laughter rather than disgust. She was, or affected to be, a friend of the orthodox clergy. It is a well- known fact that she paid the debts of a worthy divine, whom she saw in the hands of the bailiffs. It is equally true that she was once insulted by an Oxford mob, who mistook her for the Duchess of Portsmouth ; but she put her head out of the coach window and said with her usual good-humour, " Pray, good people, be civil ; I am the Protestant whore ! " This laconic and candid speech drew upon her the cheers and blessings of the populace. (Grainger's " Biog. Hist.," v. 395.) She died 1687. The King's progeny by her were two sons. Plate XIII. / ^. 7" /rf^r ;^a:w 60. NELL GWYN, WITH A RECEIPT SIGNED BY HER "E G " y f'}. ,-»/ ///r- Draft of Henry, 4Th Lord Herbert of Chirbury, 1687. Herbert, Henry, Lord, eldest son of the 2nd Marquess of Worcester, afterwards 3rd Marquess and 1st Duke of Beaufort, 1682. Herbert, James, 2nd son of Philip, 4th Earl of Pembroke, 1683. Hill, Rowland, of Hawkstone, 1762. Howard, Hon. Bernard, of Norfolk, 1686. Howe, Lady Arabella, wife of John G. Howe, Esq., daughter of Emanuel Scroop, Earl of Sunderland, 1686. 62 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. Huntingdon, Theophilus, 7th Earl, 1689; died 1701. Irby, Sir William, of Hedsor, Bt, afterwards ist Lord Boston. Jenyns, Roger, 1687. Inchiquin, William O'Brien, 2nd Earl of; he married, ist. Lady Margaret Boyle, daughter of ist Earl of Orrery, 2ndly, Elizabeth, daughter of George, Lord Chandos, relict of Edward, Lord Herbert of Chirbury ; he died 1691. Jersey, William, 3rd Earl of; married Anne, relict of Wriothesley, Duke of Bedford, daughter of Scroop Egerton, ist Duke of Bridgewater. The Earl died 23rd August, 1769. Kemys, Sir Charles, Bart., of Kevanmably, Glamorganshire ; married Mary, 3rd daughter of the 4th Lord Wharton, 1685. Kingston, Evelyn Pierrepoint, xst Duke of, and 5th Earl, He was father of the celebrated Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, and ancestor, mater- nally, of Earl Manvers ; he died 1726. Lansdowne, George Granville, Baron, 1 711 -1735; he married Lady Mary Villiers, daughter of Edward, Earl of Jersey. Lord Lansdowne was Secretary at War, and Comptroller and Treasurer of the Household of Queen Anne. Latimer, Thomas Osborne, Viscount, afterwards Duke of Leeds, 1673. Lee, Capt., Hon. Fitzroy W., son of ist Earl of Litchfield. Lee, Hon. Francis, son of ditto. Lempster, Thomas, 2nd Lord, 1711-1721, afterwards Earl of Pomfret. Lechmere, Nicolas, created Lord Lechmere 1721 ; died 1727. The title became extinct. Leeds, Thomas Osborne, created Earl of Danby in June, 1674 ; he was Lord High Treasurer of England, created Marquess of Carmarthen in 1689, and Duke of Leeds 4th May, 1694; he died 26th July, 171 2; he married Bridget, daughter of Montagu Bertie, Earl of Lindsay. J^^: Draft of Thomas, ist Duke of Leeds, 1707. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 63 Leeds, Peregrine, 2nd Duke of; he died 25th June, 1729. Lincoln, Edward, 5th Earl of, 1682 ; died 1693. Lincoln, Henry, 7th Earl ; he was one of the Gentlemen of the Bed- chamber to Prince George of Denmark ; he died 1728. Lindsey, Peregrine, Marquess of, eldest son of the ist Duke of Ancaster ; he married Jane, one of the four daughters and co-heirs of Sir John Brownlow, Bt. ; succeeded as 2nd Duke, and died 1742. Lindsey, Jane, Marchioness of, wife of the above. Litchfield, George Lee, 2nd Earl, son of Edward Harry, ist Earl of Litchfield, by Charlotte Fitzroy (married at the age of 12), natural daughter of King Charles H., by Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland. Mandeville, George Viscount, afterwards 4th Duke of Manchester, 1759. Manchester, George, 4th Duke of Marlborough, Charles Spencer, 2nd Duke; his Grace married, 23rd May, 1732, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas, Lord Trevor. The Duke was a brigadier-general in the Army ; he commanded a brigade of Foot Guards at the battle of Dettingen, in 1 743, with much credit ; he afterwards became Commander-in-Chief, and died 28th October, 1758. Maynard, Bannister, Viscount, 1701. Meres, Sir Thomas, Bt., 1688 ; he always sealed his cheques. Methuen, Paul, Ambassador to Lisbon (great-grandfather of Lord Methuen), 1707. Montgomery, William, Lord, eldest son of the Marquess of Powis, 1688. Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, wife of Edward Wortley Montagu, Esq. ; she was daughter of the ist Duke of Kingston, 1754. Morley, Thomas Parker, 14th Lord, and 6th Lord Mounteagle ; at his death, in 1686, the titles fell into abeyance. Mytton, John, of Halston, Salop, 1737, ancestor of the celebrated Jack Mytton. Myddleton, Hugh, 1688. Mulgrave, Ursula, Countess of, wife of John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave, afterwards Marquess and Duke of Normanby and Duke of Buckingham ; she was daughter of Col. Stawel and widow of the Earl of Conway. Mulgrave, John Sheffield, Earl of, created Marquess and Duke of Normanby, 1694, and Duke of Buckingham in 1703 ; he died 1721. Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, wife of John Holies, Duke o 2 64 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. of Newcastle ; she was 3rd daughter and co-heir of Henry, and Duke of Newcastle. His Grace died 171 1, when all his honours became extinct. North, Sir Francis, 2nd son of Dudley, 4tlt Lord North ; in 1673 he was appointed Lord Justice of the Common Pleas; in 1682 he was appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and created Baron Guilford, September, 1683 ; he died 5th September, 1685. North, Hon. Dudley, brother of the above; he died 1691. North, Hon. Roger, of Rougham, Norfolk, brother of the above ; author of the " Lives of the Norths." He was executor of Sir Peter Lely. North, Charles, 5th Lord, and ist Lord Grey (of Rolleston), eldest son of the 4th Lord North ; he died 1690. Norfolk, Mary, Duchess of, wife of Henry, 7th Duke ; she was daughter and heiress of the Earl of Peterborough, 1723. Northampton, Charles, 7th Earl, died in 1763. Orrery, John, 5th Earl of, in Ireland, and Baron Boyle of Marston in Great Britain, and afterwards 5th Earl of Cork. He married, in 1728, Lady Henrietta Hamilton, daughter of George, Earl of Orkney. Oates, Dr. Titus, 1689 — an endorsement to a cheque of the Duke of Bolton. [See p. 78.] Oxford, Robert Harley, ist Earl of, 1661-1724. He was stabbed by Guiscard. \_See p. 20.] Oxford, Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of; he founded the Harleian Library, and completed the famous collection of miniatures known to connoisseurs as the " Portland." Oxford, Henrietta Cavendish Holies, Countess of Oxford, wife of Edward, 2nd Earl of Oxford ; to whom she conveyed a very considerable estate ; she was daughter of John Holies, Duke of Newcastle. She had one daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, married to William, 2nd Duke of Portland. Pagett, Henry, 8th Lord, afterwards the 2nd Earl of Uxbridge ; he died 1679, when the Earldom of Uxbridge became extinct. Pemberton, Sir Francis, Lord Chief Justice, 1682. Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough and ist Earl of Monmouth ; he was a celebrated general under Queen Anne, and was declared General and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces sent to Spain. He died 1735, Polwarth, Lord, 1737. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 65 Portland, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, 1741, wife of William, 2nd Duke of Portland ; she carried the Cavendish name into the family of Bentinck. The Duchess was celebrated by Prior, as " My noble, lovely, little Peggy ;" she was daughter of Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford. Powis, William Herbert, ist Earl of; he was created Marquess in 1687, and Duke of Powis by King James II. after his abdication; he was outlawed. He married Lady Elizabeth Somerset, daughter of Edward, Marquess of Worcester, and he died 2nd June, 1696. His town house was on the north-west corner of Lincoln's Inn Fields, then called Powis House, afterwards Newcastle House. Powis, George Edward Henry Arthur, 2nd Lord Herbert of Chirbury, and 2nd Earl of Powis; he died in 1801, when all his honours became extinct. Praed, William Mackworth, 1732. Rivers, Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl ; he married, ist, Elizabeth, daughter of Emanuel Scroop, Earl of Sunderland, and, 2ndly, Lady Arabella Lindsey, daughter of Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey; he died 1694. Rivers, Richard Savage, 4th Earl. He was an eminent soldier and statesman in the reigns of William and Mary and Anne. He died 1712. Rochester, Laurence Hyde, Earl of. Master of the Robes to King Charles II. ; he was created an Earl 29th November, 1682, and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1700. He was a person of natural parts, and esteemed as a statesman, incorruptible : indeed, his disposition was deemed too warm to be insincere. He married Lady Henrietta Boyle, daughter of Richard, Earl of Burlington. He was one of the executors of Nell Gwyn, and died in 1711, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. [See p. 29.] Rochester, Henry, 2nd Earl, son of the above, and afterwards 4th Earl of Clarendon, 1711-1753, when he died and his titles became extinct. Rochester, Jane, Countess of, wife of 2nd Earl of Rochester ; she was a daughter of Sir William Leveson Gower. Russell, Rachel, Lady Russell, widow of William, Lord Russell, who was executed in Lincoln's Inn Fields, 21st July, 1683. Lady Russell died at Southampton House, Bloomsbury, in 1723. Rutland, John, loth Earl and ist Duke; he died 1711, Ryder, Sir Martin, Treasurer of the Middle Temple, 1704. Ryder, Edward, 1685. 66 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. Saye and Sele, Richard Fiennes, 6th Viscount; at his demise, in 1781, the Viscountcy expired, but the Barony was claimed out of abeyance. Sanford, John, of Nynehead, 1687. Stamford, Harry, 4th Earl of, 1759. Stanhope, Philip, Lord Stanhope, afterwards 3rd Earl of Chesterfield ; he died 1725. Stanhope, James, ist Earl, 1720. Stawel, Edward Stawel, 4th Lord; he died 1755, when his honours became extinct. His only daughter and heiress, Mary Legge (see Peerage), married Henry Bilson Legge,and she was created Baroness Stawell of Somerton. Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Baron Raby, created Earl of Strafford, 4th September, 1711 ; died 1739. Seaforth, Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth, K.T. He accom- panied King James H. to France at the Revolution ; he went to Ireland and was created by the exiled monarch Marquess of Seaforth ; he married Lady Francis Herbert, 2nd daughter of William, Marquis of Powis. He died at Paris, 1701. Shaen, Rt. Honble. Sir Arthur, 1687. Sebright, Sir Thomas Saunders, 4th Bt.; died 1736. Shelburne, Henry Petty, Baron Shelburne, 1699 ; created Earl of Shelburne, 1719 ; he died in 175 1, when the earldom expired. Stepney, Sir Thomas, 7th Bt., 1762. Somerset, Sarah, Duchess of, wife of Charles, 6th Duke (commonly called the " Proud Duke ") of Somerset, only daughter of Jocelyn, Earl of Northumberland. Scudamore, Sir James, 3rd Viscount; he died December, 17 16, when all his honours became extinct. Sussex, Thomas Lennard, 15th Lord Dacre, created Earl of Sussex, 1674; he married Anne Fitzroy (when she was 13), natural daughter of King Charles H. by Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland; he died 171 5, when the Earldom of Sussex became extinct. Tavistock, Francis, Marquess of Tavistock, eldest son of the 4th Duke of Bedford, who died before his father, in 1767, in consequence of a fall from his horse when hunting. Temple, Sir Richard, Bt., created Lord Cobham, 1714. Trentham, Lord, eldest son of the 2nd Earl Gower, afterwards ist Marquess of Stafford. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 67 Trevor, Thomas, ist Baron, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, elevated to the peerage, 31st December, 1711 ; he died 19th June, 1730. Trevor, Ann, Lady, daughter of Robert Weldon and widow of Sir Robert Bernard, Bt., wife of above. Trevor, Thomas, 2nd Lord, 1737 ; died 1753. Trevor, John, 3rd Lord; died 1764. Trelawny, Sir Harry, 5th Bt, 1723. Torrington, Arthur Herbert, ist and last Earl of Torrington ; he was created 29th May, 1689, and was a celebrated naval officer; he died 1716, when the title became extinct. Tufton, Sackville, 7th Earl of Thanet, who succeeded in 1729, and died 1753. His town mansion was on the site of Thanet Place, near Temple Bar. Tyrconnel, Sir John Brownlow, 5th Bt., created Viscount Tyrconnel in 1718 ; he died 1754, when the title became extinct. iXi^C A42/' Draft of Frances, Duchess of Tyrconnell, 1722. 68 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. Tyrconnell, Frances Jenyns, Duchess of, the "Belle Jenyns" of the Court of Charles II., was eldest daughter and co-heir of Richard Jenyns, Esq., and sister of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough ; she married Richard Talbot, Earl of Tyrconnell, Lord Deputy of Ireland ; he was made Marquess and Duke of Tyrconnell by King James II., but was attainted in 1691. Horace Walpole says of her that, being reduced to absolute want on her arrival in England, and unable for some time to procure secret access to her family, she hired one of the halls in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange, in the Strand, and maintained herself by the sale of small articles of haberdashery. She wore a white dress, wrapping her whole person, and a white mask, which she never removed, and excited interest and curiosity. The Duchess died in March, 1730, aged 92. Villiers, George Bussey, Viscount, 1772, afterwards 4th Earl of Jersey; died August, 1805. Vyner, Robert, 1718, of Gautby, descendant of the well-known Sir Robert Vyner, who was a banker and Lord Mayor of London in the reign of King Charles II. Walpole, Horace ; one draft, dated 1 703, payable to Robert Mann. He was the 2nd son of Sir Edward Walpole, K.B., great-uncle of the famous Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, author of the letters and many other works. He married, in April, 1691, Lady Ann Coke, widow of Robert Coke, of Holkham, who was a daughter of Thomas, ist Duke of Leeds ; she died s.p. 171 7. Wharton, Thomas, afterwards 5th Baron, ist Earl and Marquess of Wharton, He was a profound and eloquent statesman, having devoted himself zealously to accomplish the Revolution. He married, ist, Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Lee, of Ditchley. He was Comptroller of the Household in 1697, and died 171 5. Wenman, Philip Wenman, 6th Viscount of Thame Park; born 171 9, died 1760. Weymouth, Sir Thomas Thynne, ist Baron and ist Viscount ; he was elevated to the peerage upon the murder of Thomas Thynne, ancestor of the Marquess of Bath. He inherited Longleat, and died 171 4. Whichcot, Sir Paul, 2nd Bt, 1683. Wiltshire, Charles Powlett, Earl of Wiltshire, afterwards 6th Marquess of Winchester, and was elevated to the Dukedom of Bolton in April, 1689. He signed his name as "Wilts." He died 1699. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 69 Worcester, Henry, 3rd Marquess, created Duke of Beaufort, 2nd December, 1682, and died 1699. Worcester, Rebecca, Marchioness of Worcester, wife of Charles, Marquess of Worcester ; she was a daughter of Sir Josiah Child, of Wanstead, Essex, and sister of Earl Tylney. Yarmouth, William Paston, 2nd Earl of ; he married Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Fitzroy, natural daughter of King Charles H. by the Viscountess Shannon, wife of Francis Boyle, Viscount Shannon, and daughter of Sir William Killigrew. He died 1739, and his titles became extinct. Among the archives are several old ledgers' belonging to Alderman Backwell, who was one of the many goldsmiths ruined by the closing of the Exchequer by Charles H., on 2nd January, 1672. The Crown then owed Mr. Backwell as much as ^295,994 16s. 6d., in lieu of which the King gave him an annuity of /"i 7,759 it,s. Sd., the bond for the payment of which, bearing the autograph of Charles R., countersigned by the Earl of Danby, was, when I saw it, in the possession of Messrs. Praed & Co. It is a curious and interesting document, and one well worth preserving. "" The Earl of Danby, who signed these warrants, was Thomas Osborne, afterwards Marquess of Carmarthen and first Duke of Leeds ; he had kept his account with Messrs. Blanchard & Child since 1669, and as those goldsmiths had no money in the Exchequer at the time of its being closed, it appears highly probable that he gave his goldsmiths some sort of hint of the expediency of calling their money in. A great number of Backwell's customers appear to have opened accounts with Child & J. Rogers, after the ruin of E. Backwell's bank, but we may presume that the majority of the business was carried on by Charles Duncombe and Richard Kent, both of whom were clerks in Backwell's, and who, as soon after the failure as possible, started upon their own account at the Grasshopper, in Lombard Street, as goldsmiths and bankers. They were the forerunners of Messrs. Martin & Co. In the year 1688, and on October 27th, we find some letters^ from Charles Bertie to the Earl of Danby at Kineton. The first shows that the ' In one of these ledgers, under dates 1658-9, there is a bill for articles of silver bought by Lord Viscount Fauconbridge. ^w Appendix No. 25, p. 160. ' Set Appendix No. 26, p. 161. ^ Earl of Lindsey's MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm. P /O THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTAULE ACCOUNTS KEPT. banking house of Child was busy and firm. He says : — " I shall on Monday " settle your Lordship's account with Child, who is so called upon that he has "hardly time to spare for such an affair, but as yet about Temple Bar they " stand firm." October 30th, 1688 : — " Mr. Vernon has delivered me your commands to " receive your balance of Mr. Child's account." December loth, 1688 : — " Have also obeyed your Lordship's commands " in receiving ;^220 4^'. 8d. from Child, which I have also paid to his Lordship." On November i6th, 1689, warrants were made out to pay to Sir Francis Child, Knt, their Majesties' jeweller, ^6,010 for a diamond ring of the value of .2o300i given to the envoy from the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel ; also a diamond ring of the value of ^150, given to the envoy from the Cantons of Switzerland, and another of the same value given to the envoy from the Prince of Oestfreise, alsofive jewels of diamonds, with their Majesties' pictures, each of the value of ^1,000, given to the five ambassadors from the States General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and a diamond ring worth ^iio given to the Secretary of that Embassy, and a jewel of diamonds worth ;^300 given to Count Oxensterne, the Envoy from Sweden.' Many of the descendants of Edward Backwell's customers still bank with the present firm. Amongst the most noteworthy are the following : — Sir Thomas Vyner. Sir William Rider. Sir Robert Vyner.^ Thomas Trenchard. Thomas Wood, of Littleton. Rowland Winn. Samuel Pepys. Sir Walter Vane. Sir Allen Broderick. Edmond Dyke. John Houblon. Sir Francis Fane. James Houblon. Edward Fane. Edward Rudge. Lady Anne Palmer. Abraham Houblon. Francis Dashwood. Edward Villiers. Hon. Mary Lumley. Lord Leigh, of Stoneleigh. Earl of Carlisle. Lord Grandison. Sir John Mordaunt. William Russell. " J. E. Hodgkin's MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm. See Appendix No. 26, p. 161. ' Sir Robert was taxed for 11 hearths in his house on the north side of Great Lombard Street, in 1666. [Addl. Lay Subs. No. ~^~, P.R.O.] 32 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 7 1 Among the celebrities in Backwell's books, now in Child & Co.'s possession, may be enumerated the following : — King Charles II. James, Duke of York. Queen of England. Prince Rupert. Queen Mother (Henrietta). Henry Cromwell. Charles, Duke of Richmond, son of the Duchess of Portsmouth, natural son of Charles II. James, Duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II., by Lucy Walters. Duchess of Orleans. Prince of Orange. Countess of Castlemaine. Samuel Pepys. Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor. Sir Josiah Child. Thomas Chiffinch, Closet-Keeper to Charles II. The East India Company, and the Farmers of the Customs, Excise, and Royal Mint, several City Companies, and others. After the closing of the Exchequer, Backwell still retained office under the Crown ; he was Comptroller of the Customs, etc., and went on several embassies to France and elsewhere ; he sat in Parliament for Wendover from 1678-1681. He retired to Holland, and died, 13th June, 1683, and was buried at St. Mary's Woolnoth, Lombard Street ; his body was removed to Tyrringham, Bucks, in 1685. Shortly afterwards his son, Tyrringham,' married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Child, and then, probably, brought all his father's old records and papers from Lombard Street to Temple Bar. It is a popular error to suppose that he was ever in partnership with Child. His private house was at Parson's Green. The initials of Barneby Backwell (son of the above) may be seen on a bank note, November i8th, 1729, when the firm was Francis Child, Esq., & Co., the partners being F. Child, Henry Rogers, Samuel Child, and John Morse ; Henry Needham signed as a clerk, which probably Mr. Backwell also was at that date, as in January, 1736, Barneby Backwell signed the notes for Sir Francis Child & Co. In 1748 Sir Francis Child, H. Rogers, and J. Morse do not appear at all, and the firm then stands as Samuel Child, 'At St. Margaret's, Westminster, May 8th, 1704. The entry reads: — "Tyrringham Backwell (sic), Esq., to Elizabeth Child." r 2 72 THE BANKING BUSINP:SS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. Esq., & Co. S. Child was a son of the first Sir Francis and younger brother of the second Sir Francis Child. Eventually Barneby Backwell and William Backwell were taken into partnership by Mr. Samuel Child, as they appear as members of the firm in 1 740. Samuel Child died on 15th October, 1752, when fresh articles of partner- ship were entered into between Mrs. Agatha Child (his widow), Barneby Backwell, and William Backwell. On 3rd October, 1754, Barneby Backwell died.' On 8th November, 1755, fresh articles were again entered into between Mrs. Agatha Child, William Backwell, Thomas Devon, and John Fludd. As these articles were only for one year, they expired on 2nd October, 1756, probably in consequence of a dispute which had arisen between Mrs. Agatha Child and William Backwell, as to the proportion of profits which were due to the latter, which dispute was referred to, and decided by the Lord Chancellor in 1755. From that date the partners were Agatha Child, Francis Child {her son), Thomas Devon, and John Fludd." This is the last we see of the Backwell interest in the firm. The existing partners then entered into an agreement, and undertook within twelve months to deliver unto William Backwell, his executors, administrators or assigns, all his outstanding notes cancelled. The various sums of stock which were standing in his name, as security for money advanced to different customers by him, were transferred to the new firm by Mr. Robert Lovelace. Shortly after William Backwell left, he started a bank on his own account at the sign of the Grasshopper, at 39, Pall Mall, the site of the Army and Navy Club. His firm, in 1768, was Backwell, Hart, Darrell & Croft; the last was once a clerk in Child's. This firm disappeared in 18 10, after it had become Messrs. Devaques, Dawes, Noble & Co. In a letter from Hamilton to Captain John Urquart at Rotterdam, dated October 31st, 1736, he says: — "I wish you would call at the " Rainbow Coffee-house, when you'l meet with M'. Walter Price, M'. Child, " M'. Drapier, M'. Waikbarn, and some more of our brethren who frequent " that house ; they are gentlemen of great worth and you will be pleased " with them, and I beg you to assure them of my respects. "^ ' Barnaby Backwell, Esq., of Norfolk Street, St. Clements Danes, Middlesex, was returned M.P. for Bishop's Castle Boro, Salop, April i8th, 1754, with John Dashwood King. This con- stituency was afterwards, 28th March, 1761, represented by Francis Child, Esq., of Osterley Park, ° See Child to Backwell, Deed of Covenant. 3 C. F. Weston Underwood's MSS., Hist. MSS. Coram. PLATE XIV. 7'y face page 72 THREE 18th CENTURY BANK NOTES. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. "] 2, There are many notices of the bank among these manuscripts relating to the banking at Child's : — June 14th, 1744. Bishop Sherlock wrote to Edward Weston, from Wallington— " To take a bill to M^ Childs to M^ Fountayne's Account and " take M^ Child's note."- September 26th, 1748. Lord Townshend to his son George, explaining how Child & Co. had come to return his draft for quarterage.^ October ist, 1748. Hon. George Townshend to Lord Townshend — " Is astonished at Mr. Child protesting his draft for ^200."^ November 6th, 1757. Capt. the Hon. Roger Townshend to his father — " I received your Lordship's kind Letter with the inclosed bill of /50 on " M'. Child for which I beg you to accept of my most sincere thanks."* We append the following extract from Smiles's " Lives of the Engineers,"^ referring to the Duke of Bridgwater and his great canal, as it may be of some interest : — " At length when the tenantry could furnish no further advances, and loans were not to be had on any terms in Manchester and Liverpool, and the works must needs come to a complete stand unless money could be raised to pay the workmen, the Duke took the road to London on horseback, attended only by his groom, to try what could be done with his London bankers. The house of Messrs. Child & Co., Temple Bar, was then the principal banking house in the metropolis, as it is the oldest, and most of the aristocratic families kept their accounts there. The Duke had determined at the outset of his undertaking not to mortgage his landed property, and he held to this resolution. But the time arrived when he could not avoid borrowing money of his London bankers on such other security as he could offer them. He had already created a valuable and lucrative property, which was, happily, available for the purpose. The canal, from Worsley to Manchester, had proved remunerative in an extraordinary degree, and was already producing a large annual income. He had not the same scruples at pledging the revenues of his canal that he had to mortgage his lands, and an arrange- ment was concluded with the Messrs. Child, under which they agreed to advance the Duke sums of money from time to time, by means of which he was eventually enabled to finish the entire canal. The books of the firm ' C. F. Weston Underwood's MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm. = Ibid., Marquess Townshend's MSS. ^ Ibid. '■ Ibid. = Vol. I., p. 398. 74 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. show that he obtained his first advance from them, of ;^3,8oo, about the middle of the year 1 765, at which time he was in the greatest difficulty ; shortly after a further sum of ^15,000; then ^^2,000, and various other sums, making a total of ^25,000, which remained owing until the year 1769, when the whole was paid off, doubtless from the profits of the canal traffic, as well as the economised rental of the Duke's unburthened estates." In 1777, a rather serious fire broke out at the house of one Wilkes, a turner, four doors from Temple Bar, which damaged Messrs. Child's bank also. George Selwyn,' in writing to Lord Carlisle, gives some more interesting notes on the bank's business. On July 27th, 1775, he says — "I paid this morning Lord Bristol and " Mr. Hervey into the hands of Messrs. Goslin, &c. I have no doubt, if you " please, that in a very little time, a demand upon you will be as good as an " accepted draft at Child's shop." August 4th, 1775. "To-morrow I shall go and carry all my vouchers to Child's, for security, before I leave London." February, 1776. A payment made into Child's bank. Amongst some of the many customers of the 17th and early part of the 1 8th century, who have descendants banking with the present firm in the 20th century, may be enumerated the following: — 1663 Sir Thomas Proby. 1675 Sir Thomas Skipwith. ,, William Pinckney, who was ,, Mr. Villiers. probably the goldsmith of 1677 Fra. Morley. the Golden Dragon, near ,, Sir Hugh Cholmeley. the Inner Temple Gate. ,, Earl of Mulgrave. 1667 Thomas Rawlinson. ,, Sir William Rich. 1668 John Sanford. 1678 Sir Vere Fane. 1669 Edward Ryder. ,, Lord Mordaunt. ,, Sir Thomas Osborne, after- 1679 Earl of Bedford. wards Duke of Leeds. „ Earl of Westmorland. 1670 Lady Fanshawe. 1680 Earl of Rutland. 1 67 1 John Proby. ,, Samuel Rudge. 1674 Sir Ralph Bankes. ,, Sir Richard Cust, Bt. Thomas Lennard, 15th Lord ,, Lord De La Warn Dace and I St Earl of Sussex. ,, George Pitt. • Earl of Carlisle's MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm. THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. 75 1680 Earl of Danby. 1682 Richard Beauvoir. 1683 Henry Fane. ,, Duke of Devonshire. ,, Samuel Dashwood. „ Lord Cavendish. ,, Edward Ridley. 1686 Sir Edward Seymour, Bt. 1687 John Harvey. 1688 Sir Charles Pym. „ Sir John Carew. ,, Sir Charles Duncombe. ,, Sir Thomas Meres, Bt. 1699 Richard Garth. ,, Palmer of Dorney. ,, Duke of Bolton. 1703 2nd Sir Josiah Child. 1708 Sir John Hynde Cotton, Bt. ,, Hon. Heneage Finch. ,, Hadley Doyle. „ Sir W. W. Bagot, Bt. ,, Thomas Duncombe. 1 7 1 1 Lord Stanhope. 1 71 2 Lord Scudamore. ,, Robert Vyner. ,, Hon. Conyers D'Arcy. Sir Rowland Winn, Bt. ,, Edward Harrison. 1 71 8 Viscount Castlemaine. ,, John Sharpe. ,, Lord Craven. ,, Henry Edwards. And amongst others who kept before 1 700, may be noted .• — Madame Eleanor Gwyn. Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland. Lord Fitzharding. 1 718 Sir John Wodehouse, Bt. ,, Nathl. Greene. ,, James Shepherd. 1725 Hon. Mrs. Anne Leigh. „ Edward D'Oyly. ,, Henry Fane. 1726 Magdalen Coll., Oxford. ,, Lord Granville. „ Lord Gower. 1727 Sir H. P. Packington, Bt. ,, Thomas Haslewood. ,, Thomas Thornhill. ,, Edward Foley. ,, William Thomas. „ Mary Ord. ,, All Souls' College. ,, Francis Fane. 1728 R. Dowdeswell. F. W. Seymour. ,, Sir John St. Aubyn. „ Streynsham Master. ,, Thomas Tower. 1729 Sir John Prideaux, Bt. 1 73 1 Earl Tylney. ,, Wm. Phipps. ,, Francis Austen. ,, George Bramston. ,, Samuel Reynardson. 1737 Sir Multon Lam bard. 1 74 1 John Blathwayt. 1744 George Garnier. accounts with Messrs. Child & Co., Earl of Exeter. Earl of Rivers. Lord Campden. 76 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. Marquess of Winchester. Earl of Clarendon. Earl of Rutland. George Evelyn of Wootton. Lord Dartmouth. Earl of Thanet. Marquess of Halifax. Lord Clifford. Earl of Devonshire. Duke of Buckingham. Lord Byron. Lord Willoughby. Lord Ranelagh. Lord Dover. Duchess of Somerset. Lord Grey of Ruthin. Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Lord Banbury. Duke of Albemarle. Brook Bridges. Earl of Torrington. Duke of Newcastle. Dr. Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester. Lord Keeper North. Executors of Sir Peter Lely. 1st Duke of Beaufort. In the account of the Duke of only entry : — " To Thos. Pulleine, Esq., for a 2nd Duke of Beaufort. Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester. Sir John Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough. Roger, Earl of Castlemaine. John Dryden. King William HL and Queen Mary. Prince George of Denmark.^ Scroop, Earl of Bridgwater, Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. Sir Josiah Child. Horace Walpole and his Lady. Thomas, ist Duke of Leeds. Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, originator of South Sea Bubble. Duchess of Buccleuch, widow of James, Duke of Monmouth. Earl of Dalkeith Earl of De Loraine The Titular Dukes of Powis and Tyrconnell. Duke of Kingston, who introduced ' his daughter. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, when 8 years old, to the Kit Kat Club. And many more. Newcastle, on Aug. 30th, 1708, is the horse called Grey PuUein, ^75 5 -." her sons. ' Of Dr. Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, the following anecdote is told by the Count de Grammont, in his " Memoirs of the Court of Charles II." ; — " Charles, however, could jest upon his difficulties. He once asked Stillingfleet why he always read his sermons in the Chapel Royal, but preached extempore everywhere else. Stillingfleet answered that it was from awe of his audience, and begged to know why His Majesty read his speeches to Parliament ? ' Odds fish ! Doctor,' said the King, ' 'tis no difficult question ; I always ask for money, and I have so often asked for it that I am ashamed to look the Members in the face.'" ' For an account of this Prince, see page 41. Plate XV. To face page 76. jr^-^mSMi /,ii/if/(i// , ..V ^^'^/ • r,hf,/ J,vu/„/i ^/.r^ ? ) f'/'- y^/'//'/'/'- THREE 19th CENTURY CHEQUES THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTAl'.LE ACCOUNTS KEPT. ']'] This was a celebrated horse, and is well known to the readers of the stud-book. It is currently reported that Oliver Cromwell banked with the firm, but the ledger with his account in it is missing. It was last seen about 60 years ago. An anecdote is told by one of the customers of the bank that, rather more than half a century ago, his grandfather, having a considerable sum of money, was anxious to meet with a London banker to take charge of it. With that view he took a journey to London and visited several bankers, whom he consulted as to the terms upon which they would take his money. The bankers were anxious to accommodate him ; one said he would allow him 2 per cent. ; another said 3 per cent. ; while a third hesitated as to what he would do. At last he went to Child's — where he stated his business, and asked what interest they would allow upon so large a sum of money. The reply was : " We shall be happy to take charge of your money, but we will not give you any interest for it." This answer appeared so to gratify and satisfy the old gentleman, that he exclaimed, " Then this is the place for me ! " and he thereupon opened his account. His descendants still bank with the firm ; but Messrs. Child %l Co. now allow interest for money on deposit, in common with other bankers. 78 THE BANKING BUSINESS AND NOTABLE ACCOUNTS KEPT. yL^ 30- '^y J^J/^x (^ ^^ '«t/lAJ»/ ^^^ ^oAy Draft of Charles, ist Duke of Bolton, drawn in favour of Titus Oates, WITH Oates's Endorsement, 1689. CHAPTER VI. HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. In opening this chapter on the History of the house of Child, it may be claimed that it is of quite exceptional interest, inasmuch as Francis Child, created Knight in 1689, the successor to Robert Blanchard in the Fleet Street Bank, was the first banker who gave up the goldsmith's business, the banking house, of which he became the head, being the oldest in existence. He was called " the father of the profession." In the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, he resided for years, and had children christened in the mother church there. A few years before his death he left his City residence for the more salubrious country life at Holly Bush House, Parson's Green, Fulham, where he died. He evidently had no desire to live at Osterley Park, Heston, although the property had been purchased by him. Francis was the son of Robert Child, of Heddington,' Co. Wilts, in which village the family had been settled for probably a century, at any rate from the commencement of the Parish Register in 1538, and, coming up to the great city, was apprenticed in 1656 for eight years to one William Hall, a London goldsmith. He was an industrious apprentice, and by perseverance gained esteem from all, and eventually, on October 2nd, 1671, married Mrs.^ Elizabeth Wheeler, spinster, only child of William Wheeler, goldsmith, at St. Clement's Danes Church, in the Strand, with the consent of her mother, Mrs. Martha Blanchard. In 1 68 1, at Robert Blanchard's death, Francis Child became possessed of the whole fortune of the Wheelers and of Blanchard. " By will Sir Francis left ;i^io to the poor of Heddington, where he was born. ' Mistress. Q 2 8o HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. In 1 68 1, January 6th, Francis Child was elected Common Councilman at a Wardmote for St. Dunstan's in the West, and is entered with William Mart and John Starkey as such. In 1 68 1, December, Francis Child was excused serving all the minor offices (except Churchwarden) in St. Dunstan's parish. Between 1 68 1-3 he was frequently addressed as Captain Child, being, we presume, in one of the City Train Bands, most probably the Honourable Artillery Company. In 1689-90, February 7, Sir Francis Child was chosen a member of the " body " of the Artillery Company, at a general meeting. Sir Francis Child,' Knight, goldsmith, was elected Alderman of Farring- don Ward Without on October 22nd, 1689 ; Sheriff, in 1690 ; and Lord Mayor, in 1698-9. Sir Francis Child, together with several leading goldsmiths, was authorized by the Lords of the Treasury, in 1 694, to receive contributions for raising ^1,000,000 on the new duty on salt and rates of excise. Up to 1695 all persons having bullion were in a position to take it to the Mint, and receive weight for weight in standard coins. In this year, however, it is on record that Sir Francis Child had 41,819 guineas coined ; and from Narcissus Luttrell's Diary we gather that he, with two or three other bankers, frequently advanced large sums of money to the Government between 1691-97. 1689, April. He was elected a Vestryman. 1689, Oct. 29. Francis Child was knighted at the Guildhall, with the Sheriffs and Alderman Clark, when the King and Queen were entertained at dinner. 1690, May 26. An election of Mayor, Sheriffs and Chamberlain took place, under a late Act of Parliament. The Church party put up, for Sheriffs, Sir W. Hedges and Thomas Cook, Esq., and the Whigs Sir Francis Child and Sir Edward Clark, and the latter were elected. They polled as follows : — Child ... ... 2,140 Cook ... ... 2,054 Clark ... ... 2,080 Hedges ... 2,023 They were sworn in, June 19th, at Guildhall, and presented to the Barons of the Exchequer next day. ' His arms were : — Gules, a chevron engrailed ermine between three eagles dose argent ; on an escutcheon 0/ pretence, a chevron between three leopards' heads, for Wheeler. In Trinity Term, 4 James II., there was a fine levied between Francis Child and others, and one James Alphemy and others, as to certain property in St. Botolph, Aldgate, in the City of London. HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 8 1 On 1 6th April following he had to attend at Newgate, by order, to give notice to Lord Preston to prepare for his execution on the 30th. On May 2nd, 1690,' he was elected to the Lieutenancy of London, and had the letter "Q" placed against his name, which meant one of the Quorum; without one of Avhom a Court was not constituted. On May the 7th following, after the list of names was read, it was moved that the Lord Mayor and Aldermen examine the characters of those selected, and a deponent said, " This man. Sir Robert Clayton, went and prevented the body of the Court "of Aldermen in waiting on the King; and his Lieutenant-Colonel was " Sir Francis Child, and in his room is a Traitor." After this it was proposed that all accusations against any of the Lieutenancy be in writing upon oath. In the Orange Regiment Sir Robert Clayton was a Colonel, and Sir Francis Child, Knight and Alderman, a Lieutenant-Colonel. Sir Francis was heard in the House of Commons, November i8th, 1690, on the Bullion Exportation Bill ; on the wasting and unnecessary con- sumption of gold and silver in this Kingdom, and on a clause for melting down. On August 25th, 1 69 1, a warrant, dated from Whitehall, under the sign- manual " Marie R.," was sent to the Keeper of "Jockey or Bushey Park," for the delivery of a brace of bucks for the use of Sir Francis Child, Kt., one of the Sheriffs of the- City of London. This evidently shows a little Court favour.^ In 1693-4, March i6th, he was elected one of the six Colonels of the City Trained Bands by the Court of Lieutenancy. (These elections were political.) 1702, July 11. New Commission of Lieutenancy — six old Colonels were turned out, and Sir F. Child, Sir S. Dashwood, Sir C. Dun- combe, and three others, chosen in their room. In 1707 Sir F. Child's side was turned out. March 22, 1693/4: — "The Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of their Majesties' Treasury have pitcht upon Sir Francis Child, and Sir Stephen Evans, Knight, Charles Duncombe, Esq., Mr. Lassels, Mr. Johnson and Mr. Fowlys, Goldsmiths, to be Receivers of the Contributions on the Act of Parliament Intituled, An Act for granting to their Majesties certain Rates and Duties upon Salt, and upon Beer, Ale and other Liquors for securing • Hist. MSS. Comm., House of Lords MSS. = N. S. Maskelyne's MS., Hist. MSS. Comm. 82 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. certain Recompenses and Advantages in the Said Act mentioned to such Persons as shall Voluntarily advance the sum of Ten Hundred Thousand Pounds towards carrying on the War against France." This list was afterwards augmented by the following goldsmiths — Mr. John Knight, Mr. Edward Mompesson, Mr. Richard Smith, Mr. Richard Hoare and Mr. WiUiam Sheppard, as receivers on the Million Act. 1698, September 29th. Sir F. Child was chosen Lord Mayor, but, a poll being demanded, it was opened at 5 o'clock the same day and lasted till the following evening, with this result : Sir F. Child, 1,868. Sir R. Levett, 1,707. Sir Peter Daniel, 1,664. Child and Levett were returned to the Court of Aldermen, who chose the former.' It was about this time, in the year 1697, that Sir P'rancis Child wrote a " Short Account of his Travels thro' some parts of the Low Country, Flanders " and Germany," which gives a vivid picture of the Hague at its gayest season, and commemorates the stately pomp maintained there by the Earl of Pembroke during the negotiation of the Treaty of Ryswick. It was whilst Sir Francis was in Holland he obtained the fine painting, by Rubens, of the " Apotheosis of William the First, Prince of Orange," which, after adorning for a considerable period the ceiling of the staircase of the banker's house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, was transferred to Osterley House, together with the other masterpieces of art, which, it appears from one of the Osterley docu- ments. Sir Francis had, at the latest, gathered together as early as the year 1706.^ As Lord Mayor, in December, 1698, Sir Francis Child received a petition against stealers and despoilers of hackney carriages, who seem to have been particularly numerous at this time.^ The "Flying Post," of October 27th, 1698, states that "Sir Francis " Child was sworn in this day as Lord Mayor of London afterwards enter- " tained the Goldsmiths' Company at their own Hall. The Pageants which " have been laid aside for some years, are to be renewed on this occasion." ' Luttrell's Diary. - Earl of Jersey's MSS. Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports, pp. 92 to loi, wherein much more interesting matter is to be found. 3 Hid., J. E. Hodgkin, Esq.'s, MSS. HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 83 In the "Gentleman's Magazine,'" for 1825, John Nicholls, in an account of London Pageants, says : — " In 1698, was pubHshed, in folio with plates, ' Glory's Resurrection : being " ' the Triumphs of London revived for the Inauguration of the R'. Hon"^ Sir " ' Francis Child, Knt., Lord Mayor of the City of London ; containing a "'description (and also the sculptures) of the Pageants, and the whole " ' solemnity of the day, all set forth at the proper cost and charge of the " ' Honourable Company of Goldsmiths. Published by authority. London, "'printed for R. Barnham in Litde Britain, 1698.' The dedications to Sir " Francis Child and to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths are signed by " E. Settle. This pageant is one of those unnoticed by Biographia Dramatica. "A copy of it, perhaps unique, was sold at Mr. Bindley's sale, December 17th, " 1818, and purchased by Mr. Triphook for ^4 14^-. bd." (Not unique, as a copy, in Dent's sale, fetched ^i \s.) The " Protestant Mercury," of October 28th, this year, declares — " It is " said for certain, that the several Ambassadors, here in town, intend to come " into the City to see the Lord Mayor's Show, and have taken places " accordingly. The Life Guards and Horse Grenadiers are ordered to "attend the Lords Justices, on Saturday next, into the City, to dine with the " Lord Mayor." From the " London Gazette," 31st October, we find the day was cele- brated with marked respect. The civic fleet, instead of embarking their honourable freight at Blackfriars as usual, stopped at Dorset Stairs, where, chairs being placed for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, they were entertained by the Earl of Dorset with sweetmeats and wine, the King's music playing all the while. The dinner was at Guildhall, as if Royalty itself had been present. Sir Francis Child was ;^4,ooo out of pocket this year by the expenses attendant on the Mayoralty. He took great care to regulate the price of corn, and for that end " has caused officers to attend daily at Queenhithe and Bearkey, and to affix in writing the several prices thereof, that nobody may be deceived."^ The "Post Boy," Oct. 29 — Nov. i, 1698, gives the following account : — " On Saturday last the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor (Sir Francis Child), " according to Custom made his Cavalcade through the City in great ■ Pp. 421-2. " Luttrell, 84 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. " Splendour, having four Pageants, being attended by the Court of Aldermen " and the several Companies of Trade in their formalities. They passed " from Dorset Stairs to Westminster in their Barges the City Musick playing " all the while, and being come to the Exchequer Bar his Lordship was " sworn. Mr. Recorder as is usual made an handsome speech to the Court " and was answered by my Lord Chief Baron, who highly applauded the " choice of the City, after which his Lordship paid the customary compliments " to all the Courts of Justice in Westminster Hall and so returned again to " the Guildhall in London with the same Ceremony where there was a " splendid Entertainment prepared. There were present some of their " excellencies the Lords Justices of England with most of the Nobility, " Judges and Foreign Ministers, and all things were performed in good order " to the satisfaction of all people, it being one of the finest shows that has " been seen on the like occasion." Sir Francis Child, with John Methuen, Esq., was chosen Member of Parliament for Devizes, July 25th, 1698, and on — 4th January, 1 700-1, with Francis Merewether, Esq., for the same borough. 24th December, 1701, with John Methuen, 17th July, 1702,' with John Methuen. nth May, 1705, with John Methuen. 5th May, 1708, saw Josiah Diston and Paul Methuen, Esqs., returned, Sir Francis being unsuccessful. 7th October, 1710, Sir Francis was again returned with Thomas Webb, Serj eant-at- Law. After this date Robert Child, Esq., with John Nicholas, Esq., of Alcannings, Co. Wilts, represented the borough of Devizes. Sir Francis Child, Knt, goldsmith, was President of Christ's Hospital in 1702. In 1705 he rebuilt the ward over the east cloister, and upon a ' Being elected to serve for the City of London, he vacated in favour of John Child, Esq., of the Middle Temple, elected the 14th of the same month. '' His portrait, together with that of his son, is hung in the board-room of this hospital. There is likewise a full-length portrait of Sir Francis Child at Osterley Park, taken in 1699, ^" ^'^^ robes as Lord Mayor. [Trollope's " History of Christ's Hospital," p. 118.] o g ^ g 1 ^ ^ g " -■ ■■ P 0^ a" ■f^ ^ U > ? g ►il TO ^ P c C 3" 1 1 rr ^ S cn p B -a 3 o ^? S £ p- s- O 1-3 > « era S 2, B- en •? - C 3 - -I- O > o 13- J cr S- *T]- 51 c 3 -? B f S^ °- „ 5= era On P "> VO 3 o Q K? m re era g p - o r o o w o u O H O 2 O o r H CO CO -1 o U 2 O H O 2; Q Q W o Q u rt vo ^ ^ & T1 F O c3 vO a- o "3 ^ v; (an fe Q 5- i - if ~ !-^ rt -: t^ rt ^ -^ w T- G * cJ o ^ w *J oj rt .— < l*H o 1] li s" (D ON c4 3 "75 tri ro ^ r->. « d. ^6 rt ^ VO "^ N e § fvj O f^ -6 . G 3 - a. .a M (4 r^ pi h-. CO «i ,.c H ■-! l-H Ph H ^ OS 1— > ^ u to :S O 2 ^ r? h - c ^ n1 CO rC M h^H Oi n ^ o t^ < o s £U ri:j C! ;d tXH a. HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 85 tablet in front of the building is inscribed: — "Anno 1705. This ward was rebuilt at the sole charge of Sir Francis Child, Knt., sometime Lord Mayor, and now President of this house." Sir Francis was also a Director of Green- wich Hospital in 1703.' On July 31st, 1707, Sir James Montague wrote to the Earl of Manchester, desiring to introduce the son of Sir Francis Child.^ Sir Francis Child died at Holly Bush House, Parson's Green,^ on 4th October, 1713, cetat. 71. He was buried in a vault in Fulham Churchyard, under a black marble stone, enclosed with an iron palisade. A Lord Mayor's insignia (sword and mace) were engraved on the north and south sides, and his own coat of arms and his lady's at the head and feet. The bodies of his sons James and William, and of his daughter Martha, were likewise deposited in the same vault.'* His wife, Elizabeth, Lady Child, died 23rd February, and was buried February 27th, 1719-20, at Fulham ; her will, proved 1720, and dated 20th May, 1 714, leaves bequests to her children, to Backwell, and to her late husband's brother, Daniel Child, ^100. In 1674 a Daniel Child was assessed for 12 hearths in his house in Bartlett's Court,^ no mean house for that time, as he probably was an opulent merchant. As will be seen by the pedigree annexed, Sir Francis Child had a numerous family, eleven sons and three daughters. The sons were Robert (son and heir), Francis, James, Christopher and William (twins), Leonard, John, Thomas,* Stephen, George, and Samuel.'' Most of these named died early in life.^ Stephen was in the bank for a short time, after which he joined Mr. Tudman, goldsmith, at ¥■= Crown in Lombard Street, afterwards Messrs. Willis & Co., ' State Papers, Entry Book, ' Hist. MSS. Comm. Repts. 3 This house Sir Francis had built. It was afterwards called East End House, where he resided for many years, and was the first house on the east side of Parson's Green, the same in which Robert Blanchard formerly lived. [Faulkner's " History of Fulham and Hammersmith."] * Inscription given in Strype's, Stow " Fulham." 5 Add. Subs., No. ?^. 23 ^ Strype says 12 sons. 1 In Trinity Term, 32 Car. II (1680) there was a fine levied between Thomas Childe, gent,, George Fettiplace, and William Kidder, pits., and William Looker and Joane, his wife, defts., as to a messuage in St. Dunstan's in the West. [P.R.O.] ^ There are several bequests made to the family in Sir Francis Child's will, dated February 2nd, 1 7 10, and proved 2nd December, 17 13. See Appendix No, 28, p. 174. R 86 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. and died at Richmond, 19th August, 1762. John was admitted to the Middle Temple, loth May, 1694, and he died in February, 1702, as the following undertaker's bill will show : — "For the Buriall of John Child, of the Marygold, Esq''", in the Vault of the Temple Church, Feb., 1702 : — "For the Vault For the Clarke For the Sexton For the Bell For the Gravemaker For the 6 Bearers in Govvnes For the Mason taking up & laying doune marble stone For candles for the Church £ s. d. 3 00 00 05 00 02 06 06 08 06 08 2 00 00 06 08 02 06 There was another John Child, as we see by the books of the Ironmongers' Company that a John Child, of Temple Bar, was admitted to the Livery of the Company, 29th April, 171 2. He was Master of the Company in 1737, and was probably a relation of Sir Francis Child. There is ample proof in accounts kept at the bank that John Child was an ironmonger. The following letter and school bills of one of the family are of interest : — Eaton, July y* 22, 1702. " Madam, " I have sent f La^^ Mr. Child's Bill, I'll order one to waite of y-- La"^ some time next week, & if y'^ La^ will please to pay y^ money He'll give my receite for it. Mr. Child. God be thanked, is very well. Please to present my humble service to S' Francis, & accept y° same from " V LaP' Hum"' Servant, "Mary Proctor." HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILT). s? " Mr. James Child's Bill. 'For Candles Fire at Schole Cutting his hair Letters & bringen some things Coach hire ... Pocket money Gloves Sweeping y" Schole Fire in his chamber ... Mending his cloaths at y" taylors Pole money ... For his study... For half a yeares Board due y" 13"' July, 1702 £ s. d. 8 I 6 I 3 3 3 6 I 6 I 6 6 2 4 I 10 10 In all " Mr. Childs Bill from 24 of July 1704 to the 24 of Januari "July 31 — haires cut both... August 5 — two pair of shoes 7ber 11 — ^Anglish exercises to the doctor 20 — to the same latin Tuttinus Fabri a book for exercises 8ber 3 — to Mr. Will, a paper book & quire of paper S— Shear'd 9 — to the doctor paper book 13 — Shear'd ... 25 — doctor haires cut Catehise gber 28 — Shoes mended .. . 29 — Nomenclator trilinguis xber 2 — a pair of shoes to the D thread & silk one q. for Mr. W. & two for the D ... powder & oyl ... pen & ink & writing books two quarters for the writing master one q. for one & two for the D for the church, the same for the dance one q. for Mr. W. & two for the D ... for fire and candel in the winter time for one quarter of board for Mr. W. & two for the D 1704 '' 5 I _ 7 6 I 6 3 6 6 I 2 6 6 6 6 I I 2 3 6 3 3 6 IS ./S I 10 05 18 IS Januari 27, 1704 5 23 16 8 " Received of S'. Francis Child, the contents of this bill in full of all accounts, by me " John Lefebure. ' R 2 88 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. Sir Francis Child's eldest son, Robert, a goldsmith, in partnership with his father, probably named after his step-grandfather, Robert Blanchard, or his grandfather, Robert Child, was elected Alderman of Farringdon Ward Without, the 22nd October, 1713; he was a Colonel in the Honourable Artillery Company, one of the City Train Bands. He appears to have been knighted in 17 14, as in his account we find charged, on the 25th September of that year, " P''. Dav. Davies for y'' hon^ of Knighthood, ;^86. 11. 6."' He represented Devizes, Wilts, in Parliament, but was not re-elected in 1714-15. He was cut for stone by Mr. Thomas Hobbs, on loth April, 1679, at the age of five years and a quarter ; the stone is larger than a pigeon's egg, and is kept in a silver box, duly engraved upon the lid ; it was formerly kept by Lady Jersey, in Berkeley Square, but is now in a box at the bank. We append here other school bills of Robert Child and his brother John, as forming curious contrasts to the amount now charged by schoolmasters : — " Due for Mr. Robert Child & his Brother for the Quarter ending July 26th, 1685 : — £ s. d. July 13 — Cato & Corderius for Mr. John A Horace for Mr. Robert For Cornelius Nepos For Livie's Orations Payd to the French Master Pens & ink this quarter ... For teaching to myself ... " Due for Mr. John Child the Quarter ending January 26th, 1686 For an Ovid Metamorphosis with FarnabiesT notes J For pens and ink & cutting his hair For teaching this Quarter For dining seven weeks before Christmas 3") holydays abated J For dining three weeks since Christmas 2 "i holydays abated J 00 01 07 00 01 06 00 02 00 00 02 04 00 10 00 00 01 00 02 00 00 6. s. d. 00 02 06 00 00 10 01 CO 00 00 16 00 00 06 06 In all it is 02 05 10." "On the nth June, 17 18, a Rogue came to Sir Robert Child's, a great Banker by Temple Bar, with a forged Note for ^200 of the Duke of Newcastle's Hand, and received the money, and went away ; but soon after comparing that Note with some of his Grace's own Notes which they had ' For the bill of items, see Appendix No. 29, p. 176. HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 89 paid, they began to suspect him (though the Hands were very much ahke) and sent to the Duke of Newcastle's House in Lincolns-Inn-Fields, to know if he had drawn a note for ;^200 upon them, he answer'd he had not, and thereupon diHgent enquiry is made, in order to his being apprehended." — ("The Weekly Journal or Saturday's Post," 14th June, 1718.) On January 27th, 1702-3, Robert Child wrote to Thomas Coke : — "In your letter you are pleased to call that a civility which a grateful " sense of the many obligations which my father and I owe to his Lordship " (the Earl of Chesterfield) commanded from me. The picture cost me "ill guineas, and I shall not ask my Lord any more for it, but think " myself very happy that I have this opportunity of pleasuring his Lordship " by it. I beg you to acquaint his Honour with this." Mr. Coke endorsed this letter "The Lanfranc Picture."' In 1 719 he was chosen President of Christ's Hospital, in the room of Sir Richard Hoare, deceased. He was also a Director of the East India Company, 1719-20. He died at Osterley, without issue, in October,^ 1721, and was buried at Fulham. His portrait, by Michael Dahl (taken in 171 2) is to be seen at Osterley Park. Sir Robert Child was the first of the family who resided at Osterley Park. In December, 1726, his brother Francis paid H. Williams .1^19,501 for an estate at Northall, which now belongs to Mr. Charles L. Shadwell. Francis Child, Esq., Alderman of the City of London, represented the City in Parliament, and was elected May 9, 1722. He was afterwards returned for the County of Middlesex, September 6th, 1727, and April 25th, 1734. He is mentioned as on a Committee in the House, April 24th, 1733.^ He was the second son of Sir Francis, and enrolled as a Citizen and Goldsmith at the Chamberlain's Office, Guildhall, 12th March, 1705, by patrimony. He was elected Alderman of Farringdon Ward Without, loth October, 1721, Sheriff in 1722, Lord Mayor and knighted in 1732, and President of Christ's Hospital 1727-40. His portrait hangs in the board-room of this hospital, and there is likewise one at Osterley Park, taken in his robes as Lord Mayor. He was chosen a Director of the East India Company, 7th April, 1731. • Coke MSS. Hist. MSS. Coram. ' From the " Weekly Journal" of October 14, 1721, we extract the following paragraph : — " The fame Night the Corpfe of Sir Robert Child, Kt. was carry'd from Ofterley near Brentford, where he dy'd, and very decently interr'd at Fulham." 3 Earl of Carlisle's MSS., Col. the Hon. Charles Howard's letter to his Lordship. go HISTORY OK THE HOUSE OF CHILD. The town house of Sir Francis was in Lincoln's Inn Fields, as is shown by the following notice/ which gives approximately its position on the south side : — " On Wednesday last, about 1 1 in the morning, a fire broke out at the " Earl of Cardigan's House, in Portugal Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields, which " consumed that fine house, with almost all the furniture, and very much " damaged the house of Mr. Kelway, the Surgeon. Mr. Alderman Child's " House, which join'd on the other side, received no injury." This, very probably, was the house purchased by Robert Child, Esq., in 1702,^ from Henry Pollexfen, Esq., and others, as a messuage and land — one-eighth part of Pursefield — in Lincoln's Inn Fields, otherwise Great Lincoln's Inn Fields, Middlesex. The following is an extract from a journal of the time, relative to the New Mansion House, and the proposals made by Mr. Child : — " Wednefday a Court of Common Council was held at the Guild-Hall, " when the Affair of the Artificers Places was poftponed : At the faid " Court, M'. Deputy Child mov'd, that the Money paid by Perfons to excufe " them from ferving the Office of Sheriff, which is intended to be apply'd " towards building a Manfion-Houfe for the Lord-Mayor, might be put out " to Intereft for the Benefit of the fame, & not lie in the Chamber of London ; " when it was carry'd to put out the fame : And it being debated, whether " it fhould be laid out in Three or Four per cent. South Sea Annuities, it was "agreed for the former, the Four per cent, being to be paid off before the " Manfion-Houfe is likely to be built." The Court-room of Christ's Hospital was finished in 173T, with Venetian windows, in an elegant manner, and finely adorned, at the expense of Francis Child, Esq., their President, which cost nearly _^ 1,000.'' On Thursday, 28th September, 1731, the Lord Mayor, Court of Aldermen and Sheriff, in their formalities, waited on His Majesty with their compliments of congratulations on his safe arrival in England from Hanover, when His Majesty conferred the honour of Knighthood on Francis Child, Esq., Lord Mayor ; Alderman John Bernard, and Alderman Henry Hankey one of the Sheriffs, on which occasion Mr. Baron Thompson, ' "British Journal," 22nd February, 1725. ' Close Roll, ist Anne, part 4, P.R.O. 3 " Universal Spectator," 1 8th September, 1731. ■• "Grubb Street Journal," 1731. Plate XVI. To face pas;c go. >iiiiiiw i i— M«iM«e BMBaeBg!' ...j. i . i ..w. i . i . i " SIR FRANCIS CHILD; Lord Mayor, 1731; Died 1740. HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 9 1 the Recorder, made speeches to the King and Queen, to which their Majesties returned gracious answers. — (" Gentleman's Magazine".) The following appeared in the obituary' of 20th April, 1740: "Sir " Francis Child, Member for Middlesex, Aid" of Farringdon Without, and " an eminent banker, vastly rich." He was buried 28th April, 1740, at Fulham. Samuel Child,^ baptized at Fulham, Middlesex, July 6th, 1693, lived many years after his father's death, became a Member of Parliament,^ and head of the bank. He married a Miss Agatha Edgar, whose portrait is to be seen at Osterley Park. He had three sons, Francis, Robert and James, also a daughter. There is an excellent portrait-group of these three as children at Osterley Park, painted by Dandridge in 1741 ; likewise of Samuel Child, by Jos. Vanderbank, 1732. Francis Child, Esq., of Osterley Park, County Middlesex, was returned, with Peregrine Cust, Esq., March 28th, 1761, for Bishops Castle Borough, Salop. He died in 1763. George Child is conjectured to have been in holy orders, and Thomas to have been a merchant, but what became of the remaining sons, or in what order they came after Robert and Francis, no information can be gathered. Of the three daughters, Jane married a Mr. Guydott. Elizabeth, who was baptized at St. Dunstan's, February 12th, 1679-80, married Tyrringham Backwell, son of Alderman Edward Backwell, and had sons, Barneby and William, both of whom came into the Bank. Martha the other remaining daughter married Anthony Collins, Esq.'' ' " Gentleman's Magazine." " It appears from the following notice in the " London Evening Post," i6th December, 1737, that, in 1737, he was residing at Temple Bar : " Mrs. Child, wife of Samuel Child, Esq., Brother " to Sir Francis Child, was brought to bed of a son at his house at Temple Bar." After the death of his brother — Sir Francis Child — he lived at Osterley, and his town house was in Lincoln's Inn Fields. He died in 1752, and there is a monument to his memory in the north chancel of Heston Church, Middlesex. 3 Returned 30th Jur.e, 1747, with John Robinson Lytton, Esq., of Knebworth, County Herts, for Bishops Castle Borough, Salop. ■• The following notice relating to his death is extracted from the " Country Journal or the Craftsman," 20th Dec, 1729:— " On Saturday Morning lafl: died of the Stone at his Houfe in Cavendifh-Square, the learned Anthony Collins, of Baddow-Hall in the County of Effex, Efq ; the fuppofed Author of the Discourse on Free-thinking, the Grounds of the Christian Religion, the Scheme of Literal Prophesy, A Letter to Dr. Rogers, &c. He marry'd to his firft Wife a Daughter of Sir Francis 92 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. She had a daughter Elizabeth, who was left a legacy of ;^500 by her grandmother Lady Child, also ;^2,ooo in trust, to be given on her marriage. Mr. Robert Child, now (1763) head of the firm, sold his house in Lincoln's Inn Fields to his partner, Thomas Devon, he having, in August, 1767, purchased of the Duke of Manchester for ^10,500 a house in Berkeley Square, which is now the town house of the Earl of Rosebery. An anecdote is told of Robert Child, who is reported to have been a somewhat penurious man. He asked Sheridan, who lived at Heston, a village close to Osterley Park, to write him a sermon, which he agreed to do, and took for his text the simple subject "A rich man." He described so exactly the peculiarities and personal character of Mr. Child, that it was patent to every one present for whom the subject of the discourse was intended. Robert Child, Esq., was returned Member of Parliament for Wells, Somerset, 26th December, 1765, as also on the i8th March, 1768, with Clement Tudway, Esq. ; both were again elected October 7th, 1774, and 8th September, 1780, and Mr. Child held the seat till his death in 1782. He married, 6th Oct., 1763, Sarah, daughter of Gilbert Jodrell, Esq., by whom he had a daughter, Sarah Anne, born 1764, who married, i8th May, 1782, John, loth Earl of Westmorland. This was a very romantic marriage. It is currently reported that Lord Westmorland was dining with Mr. Child one afternoon at Temple Bar, and, amongst other subjects upon which they conversed. Lord Westmorland said, " Child, I wish for your opinion on the following case : — Suppose that you were in love with a girl, and her father refused his consent to the union, what should you do ? " " Why ! run away with her, to be sure ! " was the prompt reply of Mr. Child, little thinking at the time that it was his daughter the querist was in love with. Either that same night or a few nights after. Lord Westmorland eloped with Miss Sarah Child, in a postchaise and four, from the Berkeley Square house. The duenna, who slept in the outer room of Miss Child's apartments, was drugged by her maid, and her flight was only discovered by the "Charley" (or night Child, Knt. and Alderman of London, (Sifter to the prefent Mr. Alderman Child) by whom he had one Son, who died at the Age of 21, and two Daughters, both now living unmarried ; and hs fecond Wife is a Daughter of Sir Walter Wrottefly, of Wrottefly in StafFordfhire, Bart, (by Eleanor, Daughter of Sir John Archer, Knt. one of the Juftices of the Conunon Pleas) by whom he had no Iflue. His Character is fo well known in the learned World, we fhall only add, that whatever his Opinions might be in religious Matters, he was as remarkable for his Temperance, Morality and Social Virtues, as for his Polemical Writings." HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 93 watchman) finding the front door open and raising an alarm. Mr. Child at once took a postchaise and pursued the runaways. Whether Mr. Child had better horses, or whether he had more relays than the pursued is not known ; but he approached so nearly to them in Cumberland, that Lord Westmorland was compelled to stand up in his carriage and shoot the leading horse in Mr. Child's chaise, which caused the whole vehicle to capsize. This bold proceeding gave Lord Westmorland time to get over the border, where the blacksmith was in readiness, and the pair were married at Gretna Green, before Mr. Child could interfere.' A much more circumstantial account of this elopement is given by the Countess of Jersey : — "^ " A hue and cry arose ere long, and Mr. Child, having ordered out a ' second postchaise in which to pursue the fugitives, sent on in advance a ' messenger, one Richard Gillam, mounted on his own favourite hunter, with ' orders to detain them until he should arrive. " Richard, who doubtless changed horses several times (unless the hunter ' equalled Black Bess in powers of endurance), came up with the carriage ' near Rokeby, in Yorkshire, and delivered his master's message to its ' occupants. ' Shoot, my lord,' exclaimed Miss Child, who must have been 'a strong-minded young lady for her years — only 17. Lord Westmorland ' accordingly cut short further discussion by shooting Gillam's horse ; and ' when Mr. Child, who was now approaching the scene of action, saw ' the poor beast fall, he turned back and would carry the pursuit no ' further. " Gillam ended his life at an advanced age as lodgekeeper at Middleton ' Park. He used to relate this adventure with great gusto, and from the ' tone of satisfaction with which ' Shoot, my lord,' was repeated to me by ' one of his hearers, I gather that the groom's admiration for his young ' mistress's spirit quite outweighed any resentment for the discomfort which ' the execution of her order might have entailed upon himself." ' In a diary kept by Samuel Rogers (P. W. Clayden, London, 1887), the banker-poet, during his journey in the north: — On 28th July, 1789, he visited Gretna and wrote that Lord Westmorland was married at a small ale-house by the river between Gretna and Annan, where a new bridge is now building. They slept there afterwards, INIr. Henderson, a good-natured old man. Lord Stormont's factor, left his bed for them. Samuel Rogers saw the parson at the door— " a tall, sottish, good-looking fellow. His name is Parsley or Parsfield, a farmer. The man who used to marry them filled peat and dung-carts, his name was James Long, and his father's, Peter. He signed his names James Long, Peter's Son."—" Early Life of Samuel Rogers." = "The Pall Mall Magazine," January, 1898. S 94 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. The following account is given in the " Morning Herald " : — ' " Mr. Child, the banker, and his attendants returned yesterday morning " to town, after a vain pursuit of the Earl of Westmorland, who carried off " that gentleman's daughter early on Friday morning last ; two of Mr. Child's " pursuers came up with the amourous fiigitives a little on the other side of " Baldock, one of whose horses was instantly shot under him by Lord West- " morland's people, to prevent his getting ahead of them, the man's intent " being to retain all the carriages at the next stage and thus stop the "lovers' progress; the other servants instantly turned tail, and from that " moment the pursuit was abandoned, so that there is not the smallest doubt " but the young, spirited heroine has before this time been hailed the lovely " Countess of Westmorland." The following on dits appeared in the same paper : — ■ " The Marquis of G — m is chiefly affected by a late event ; his lordship " being the adopted choice of the young lady's friends ; Mrs. C — d in particular " was his advocate." " Mrs. C — d has taken a most active part to frustrate the intended union, " being herself among the pursuers. Lord H — b — t, it is said, feels a severe " disappointment in the choice Miss C — d has made, as he considered himself " on very good terms with the fair deserter and her relatives." It is asserted by General De Ainslie, in " Life as I found it," that his grand-uncle Charles, Lord Gray, who was a friend of the Earl's, assisted the flying pair ; he being a Captain of Dragoons, and, quartered on the line of flight, happened to be exercising his troops in marching order when the carriage came thundering along the road. Lord Westmorland, putting his head out of window, begged Lord Gray to throw all the impediment in his power in the way of Mr. Child, who was close behind, which Lord Gray contrived to do by arranging his dragoons in such a manner that it required some time to pass them. Relative to this Miss Child, the heiress, we find, among the Earl of Carlisle's MSS.,^ reference to a letter from George Selwyn to his Lordship, dated November 30th, 1781, and in which he says : — "The Duchess of " Marlborough, I hear, is already laying a scheme for marryino- Lord " Blandford to a great fortune, so by that my hopes, which I might have had " of my dear little Caroline being Duchess of Marlborough, are blasted. I " am told Miss Child's alliance is in her Grace's contemplation." " May 21, 1782. = Hist. MSS. Coram. Reports HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 95 They were, however, shortly afterwards, viz. on the 5th June, 1782, married privately at Apethorpe, Lord Westmorland's seat in Northampton- shire, as is proved by the following copy of the marriage certificate, kindly communicated by the Countess of Jersey :— " John, Earl of Westmorland, formerly a Batchelor & Sarah, Countess of Westmorland, formerly Sarah Child a minor, by & with the consent of Robert Child of the Parish of Saint George Hanover Square in the County of Middlesex, Esquire the natural and lawful Father of the said Sarah now Countess of Westmorland — formerly Sarah Child, Spinster, a minor, were married at the Mansion House in Apethorpe, this seventh day of June in the year One thousand seven hundred and eighty two by special Licence of the Right Reverend Frederick, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, dated the fifth day of June instant, by me, Henry Key Bonney Vicar of Nassington. This marriage was solemnized between us : Westmorland S. Westmorland. In the Presence of S. W. Jones, Charles Berkeley, Sarah Hernden, Robert King, Clerk of this Parish." N.B. — The above-named, John, Earl of Westmorland, and the above- named Sarah Child, were married at Gretna Green in Scotland on the eighteenth day of May One thousand seven hundred and eighty-two, by the Rev. John Brown. I, H. S. Bagshaw, Vicar of Apethorpe, in the County of Northants, hereby certify that above is a correct copy of the marriage celebrated between the parties named. Witness my hand this First day of February in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight. (Signed) H. S. Bagshaw, Vicar of Apethorpe. Mr. Robert Child evidently partially forgave the runaways, as he subsequently gave his consent for the marriage licence, which was necessary, s 2 96 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. his daughter being a minor. He died suddenly at Kingsgate near Margate,' 28th June of the same year, it is said, of a broken heart, and by his will left the whole of his immense fortune to the first daughter of the union, Lady Sarah Sophia Fane,^ who married, on 23rd May, 1804, George Villiers, Earl of Jersey. On the south wall of the chancel at Heston Church, is the monument of Robert Child, Esq., who died 28th June, 1782. This monument is of white marble and was designed by Robert Adam, the architect ot the mansion. In 181 2, Lord and Lady Jersey assumed the additional surname of Child. They had several children, the eldest of whom, George Augustus Frederick, Viscount Villiers, married Miss Julia Peel, daughter of Sir Robert Peel, Bart. ; and their eldest son is Victor Albert George (the present Earl of Jersey), married to the Hon. Margaret Elizabeth Leigh, eldest daughter of the Rt. Hon. Lord Leigh of Stoneleigh Abbey. They have a son, George Henry Robert Child, Viscount Villiers, another son and three daughters. There are many instances upon record, during the past two hundred years, of the firm offering hospitality to the Lord Mayor when his duties brought him to the western boundary of the City, upon the various occasions of Royalty entering it. Before the removal of the old barrier it was the custom upon such occasions for the gates of Temple Bar to be closed, and the Lord Mayor had to wait inside them until the Heralds should arrive to demand permission to enter the City. " 3otli August, ' " Died suddenly at Kingsgate, near Margate, age 43, Robert Child, of Osterley Park, Middlesex, Esq., M.P. for Wells. By his will, we hear, he has given all his estates, both real and personal, to Mrs. Child, Mr. Lovelace, Mr. Dent, Mr. Church, and Mr. Kcysall, his partners, in trust, for the purpose of paying all his partnership debts, and for carrying on the business as usual at the house at Temple Bar ; and has made them executors. He has also left Mrs. Child ;^6,ooo a year, ^2,000 a year to Lady Westmorland, his only child, and ^12,000 to each of her ladyship's younger children, down to the twelfth, except the second, to whom he has left the residue of his fortune; which, it is imagined, will be nearly equal to that particularly devised. He hath died worth ^,^15,000 per annum in landed property, exclusive of his seat at Osterley Park, which is deemed the most superb and elegant thing of its kind in England. His share of the profits of the banking business has never been estimated at less, for some years, than ;^3o,ooo per annum, which immense addition he possessed also the right of bequeathing, in common with his other property." ' There is a full-length portrait 01 Lady Jersey, by Lawrence, at Temple Bar, also an excellent painting of the west side of Temple Bar, representing May Day, which is supposed to have been painted by John Collet, between 1740-80. [See PI. XXIIL, p. 120.] HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. 97 The last occasion but one was in 1897, upon the Sixtieth Jubilee of the late Queen Victoria, of ever-glorious memory, and the last was on the morning of the 24th of January, 1901, when the Heralds came to Temple Bar (there being then only a red cord drawn across the street to mark the City boundary) to demand entry for the purpose of proclaiming His Majesty King Edward Vn. I append the follovi^ing account of the ceremony, which appeared in the " London Gazette " of that day : — KING EDWARD VH. Proclamation Ceremonies. Official Record. The following account of the proclamation of the King in London, on Thursday, appeared in the " London Gazette " last night : Earl Marshal's Office, January 24, 1901. This day His Most Gracious Majesty King Edward VH. was, in pursuance of an Order in Council of the 23rd inst., proclaimed with the usual ceremonies. At nine o'clock In the forenoon the Officers of Arms, habited in their tabards, the Serjeants-at-Arms, with their maces and collars ; and Deputy Serjeant Trumpeter in his collar ; the Trumpeters, Drum Major, and Knight Marshalmen being assembled at St. James's Palace, the Proclamation was read in the Grand Court by William H. Weldon, Esq., Norroy King of Arms, Deputy to Sir Albert W. Woods, Garter Principal King of Arms, in the presence of the Earl Marshal of England, the Lord Steward, the Lord Chamberlain, the Master of the Horse, and many other members of Her late Majesty's Household, with Lords and others of the Privy Council, and several personages of distinction. Deputy Garter read the Proclamation. Then the Officers of Arms having entered Royal Carriages, a procession was formed in the following order : The High Bailiff of Westminster, in his Carriage. Horse Guards. 98 HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF CHILD. Trumpeters. A Royal Carriage containing The four Serjeants-at-Arms, bearing their Maces. A Royal Carriage containing Pursuivants. Rouge Dragon : Everard Green. Bluemantle : Rouge Croix : G. Ambrose Lee. G. W. Marshall. Heralds. Windsor : W. A. Lindsay, Esq. York : Somerset : A. S. Scott-Gatty, Esq., H. Farnham Burke, Esq., in a Royal Carriage. A Detachment of Horse Guards. The Procession, flanked by the Horse Guards, moved from St. James's Palace to Temple Bar, and Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms, alighting from the carriage, advanced between two trumpeters, preceded by two Horse Guards, to the barrier, and after the trumpets had sounded thrice, demanded in the usual form admission into the City to proclaim his Royal Majesty King Edward VII. ; and being admitted, and the barrier again closed. Rouge Dragon was conducted by the City Marshal and his Officers to the Lord Mayor, who was in attendance in his State carriage, when Rouge Dragon delivered to his Lordship the Order in Council, which the Lord Mayor, having read, returned, and directed the barrier to be opened ; and Rouge Dragon being reconducted to his place in the Procession it then moved into the City; the High Bailiff of Westminster filing off at Temple Bar. At the corner of Chancery-lane York Herald read the Proclamation ; then the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, Sheriffs, Chamberlain, Common Serjeant, Town Clerk, and City Officers fell into the Procession immediately after the Officers of Arms, and the Procession moved on to the Royal Exchange, where it was lastly read by Somerset Herald, when the guns in St. James's-park and at the Tower of London were fired. A multitude of spectators filled the streets through which the procession passed, the windows of which were crowded, and the acclamations were loud and general. CHAPTER VII. BRIEF HISTORY OF OSTERLEY PARK AND ITS VARIOUS POSSESSORS TO THE EARLS OF JERSEY.' A little to the north-west of Brentford, in the parish of Heston, Middlesex, lies Osterley Park, belonging to the Earl of Jersey. " The name of Osterlee, or Orsterlee, first occurs in the reign of Edward I., when Johnde Osterlee held two carucates of land in Heston.^ "4*. Edward IV., in the year 1462, the Manor of Osterley was conveyed to Philip Malpas, from whom it passed to John Fereby and John Wylkynson. "In 1508 Hugh Denys died seised of it, and by his Will bequeathed it to the Prior and Convent of Sheen. "By an Indenture dated 1530 the Manor was conveyed to the Abbess and Convent of Sion.? " When the Monasteries were suppressed, Osterley was granted to Henry Marquis of Exeter. Reverting to the Crown on his attainder it was given by Edward VI. to the Duke of Somerset. "Being again forfeited by the Duke's attainder, it was granted in 1557 to Augustine Thaier.* " Sir William Reed lived here afterwards, and later on Sir Thomas Gresham married his widow. "Between this period and 1570 Heston and Osterley came into the possession of Sir Thomas Gresham, and the Park was enclosed by him. "After Sir Thomas Gresham had enclosed the Park at Osterley he began to rebuild the Manor House, but it was not completed until 1577. In the Park was a fair Heronrie. " In 1576 Queen Elizabeth visited Osterley, when Sir Thomas Gresham entertained Her Majesty in a very magnificent manner. ' From Lysons's " Environs of London," in, 24-8, and " Greater London," i, 43, &c. = Pat. 9, Edw. L, m. 29, Exh. 28, Edw. I., No. 14-16. 3 In Augmentation OfSce, "■ Patent 3 and 4, P. & M., pt. 2, June 15. A MS. in the Harleian Collection (No. 606, f. 63, b.) says that Osterley was sold by Philip and Mary for 28 years' purchase to Robert Cheeseman. lOO BRIEF HISTORY OF OSTERLEY PARK AND ITS VARIOUS " Soon after Lady Gresham's' death, Lord Chief Justice Coke (then Attorney-General) inhabited Osterley. " George, Earl of Desmond, and his Countess (who was one of the co-heirs of the Estate), resided at Osterley several years. " Sir William Waller, the celebrated Parliamentary General, became an inhabitant of Osterley soon after the Desmonds quitted it, and continued there till his death in 1668. He was resident there in 1657.'' " On the 2 1 St Feb., 1661, his Daughter Anne was married in Osterley Chapel^ to Sir Philip Harcourt, Kn'., ancestor of Lord Harcourt."'* I have not been able to trace who occupied the place between the death of Sir William Waller and its coming into the possession of Dr. Barbon in 1683. But we find, on reference to the " London Gazette," 23rd October, 1673, that the following advertisement is inserted : — " Strayed or Stolen out of Osterley Park, near Brandford, Middlesex, the 15th or 1 6th of this month October an iron gray nag four years old, about 14 hands high, trots all, with four or five saddle spots on his far side, a little white on his far hind foot, with a pitch mark on his far buttock ; whoever will bring notice of him to Mr. Richard Newberry in Duke's Yard, in St. Martin's Lane near Charing Cross or to the Keeper of Osterley Park shall have 20/- for their pains." " Dr. Nicholas Barbon became possessor of Osterley, March i8th, 1683,' and in 171 1 it was sold by his Executors^ to Sir Francis Child, a banker of ' Lady Gresham of Austerley, Vidua, on July nth, 1588, subscribed ;^ioo towards the defence of the Country at the time of the Spanish Armada. [List pubhshed 1886, Mr, T. C. Noble]. ' Adv. " Merc. Polit.," Feb. 24. ^ Probably the present servants' hall. ■• Parish register. 5 Close Roll No. 4615, No. 24. The deed is of five parts, and the executors' names Messrs. Samuel Thompson, of London, and Christopher Cratford, of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Middx. P.R.O. ' The Executors of Nicholas Barbon desire all his creditors to send in their claims for mortgage judgment Bonds or other security or for Wages or for work done, &c. Osterley House and the Land thereunto belonging being near Brentford in Middlesex, where the said Dr. Barbon lately dwelt, with the Manor of Heston, is to be sold. (" London Gazette," 29th August, 1698.) Dr. Nicholas Barbon's town house was in Ivan Court, between New Street and Crane Court, Fleet Street, City, and he was assessed on 13 hearths in the year 1674, and his tenants on 6.* He was married at St. Margaret's, Westminster, to Dorothy Charles, April 2nd, 1635. We find him also engaged in various law suits, and buying and selHng property in the parishes of St. Dunstan in the West, and St. Bride's, Fleet Street. (*Addl. Lay Subs., No. ^, P.R.O.) Dr. Barbon's furniture came under the hammer also, as will be seen by the following advertisement in the "Postman" of September ist, 1698 : — "At Osterley House, near Branford, Plate XVII. 7'o fii,-,- fi,i. 5^ ^ S E; ^ vS~ a \ S ^ POSSESSORS TO THE EARLS OF JERSEY. Id great opulence and eminence. He represented the City of London in Parlia- ment, and was Lord Mayor in 1699, as was also his son, Sir Francis Child, in 1732. " Osterley House was rebuilt by Francis Child about the year 1760 (the architect being Robert Adam). "In the front, where was formerly a square court, is now a spacious portico supported by twelve columns of the Ionic order. The ancient ground plan was, for the most part, preserved, and the Turrets at the Corners of the House remained, having been newly cased. " The House from East to West is 140 feet in length, and 117 feet from North to South. The interior, which is fitted up with great taste and magnificence, was finished by Robert Child, who succeeded to his Brother Francis's Estates in 1763. " The Staircase is ornamented with a fine Painting by Reubens of the Apotheosis of William, Prince of Orange, brought from Holland by Sir Francis Child. "The most remarkable of the Rooms are a noble Gallery 130 feet in length, containing a good collection of Pictures by the old Masters and some valuable Portraits, the state Bed-room, very magnificently furnished, and a Drawing Room hung with beautiful Tapestry procured at a great expense from The Gobelins Manufactory in 1775. " The library' contained a large and most valuable collection of Books, of which there is a Printed Catalogue drawn up by Dr. Morell in 1771. The Library was originally purchased of the Executors of Brian Fairfax, Esq'., after a Catalogue had been drawn up for sale by Auction. It contained a splendid collection of Caxtons. " The House stands in the Centre of a Park containing about 350 acres. " on Wednesday, the 17th inst., Sept., will be exposed for sale all sorts of Household goods, viz., " lined beds of several sorts with beding, fine tapestry hangings. Looking glasses, Tables, Cabinets, " Cain Chairs, also Pewter, Brass and Copper Brewing vessels, a parcel of Orange Trees, &c. " with a very good collection of Pictures. The sale to continue till all be sold." In 1670 we find a presentment of Nicholas Barebone which is not very creditable to him. It reads thus : — "Item we present Nicholas Barebone for defective yssuements and annoying the " streets with Filth and Rubbish before his houses in 2 Crane Court Gate in fleet street at the " complaint of the Inhabitants." (Wardmote.) ' The Osterley Library was sold by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodges, by order of Lord Jersey, in May, 1885 — the sale occupied 8 days, and the total realized was ^13,007 gs,, consist- ing of 1,937 lots. T I02 BRIEF HISTORY OF OSTERLEY PARK AND ITS VARIOUS " The Beauties of England and Wales "' contains a view of Osterley Park, with an account corresponding exactly with that in Lysons's " Environs of London." Samuel Child, and after him, his son, Francis Child, kept a pack of hounds at Osterley. Will Deans was his huntsman. In 1777 they were given up, and the pack, together with the huntsman, went to Milton, the seat of Earl Fitzwilliam. Horace Walpole was evidently enchanted with the magnificence of Osterley, as may be proved by his letter to the Countess of Ossory, on 9th August, 1773 :— " On Friday we went to see — oh, the palace of palaces ! and yet a palace sans crown, sans coronet, but such expense ! such taste ! such profusion ! and yet half an acre produces all the rents that furnish such magnificence. It is a Jaghire got without a crime. In short, a shop is the Estate and Osterley Park is the spot. The old house I have often seen, which was built by Sir Thomas Gresham ; but it is so improved and enriched, that all the Percies and Seymours of Sion must die of envy. "There is a double portico that fills the space between the towers of the front, and is as noble as the Propyleum of Athens. There is a hall, library, breakfast room, eating room, all chefs d'oeuvre of Adam, a gallery 1 30 feet long, and a drawing room worthy of Eve before the Fall. Mrs. Child's dressing room is full of pictures, gold filigree, China and Japan. So is all the house ; the chairs are taken from antique lyres, and make charming harmony ; there are Salvators, Caspar Poussins, and to a beautiful staircase a ceiling by Reubens. Not to mention a kitchen garden that costs ;^ 1,400 a year, a menagerie^ full of birds that come from a thousand islands, which Mr. Banks has not yet dis- covered, and then, in the drawing room I mentioned, there are door cases, and a crimson and gold frieze, that I believe were borrowed from the Palace of the Sun ; and then the Park is — the ugliest spot of ground in the Universe — and so I returned comforted to Strawberry. You shall see these wonders the first time you come to Twickenham." After Mr. Robert Child's death, in June, 1782, Mrs. Child continued to live at Osterley. She was an accomplished artist, and many pictures of her painting are to be found amongst the collection at Osterley Park. There are several ' Vol. I., part 4, p. 436. = " Portraits of Rare and Curious Birds in the Osterley Menagery," by W, Hayes and family, painted by hand. London. 1794. 4to. POSSESSORS TO THE EARLS OF JERSEY. IO3 portraits of her and a joint one of herself as Lady Ducie and of her daughter, the Countess of Westmorland. There are likewise several of Mr. Robert Child ; that by Romney is considered one of his best works. Lady Sarah Sophia Fane, daughter to the tenth Earl of Westmorland, and granddaughter to Mr. Robert Child, conveyed the estate in marriage to the fifth Earl of Jersey, in whose family it still remains. There is a very interesting and well-illustrated article upon Osterley Park in the " Pall Mall Magazine" for January, 1898, by the Countess of Jersey. T 2 CHAPTER VIII. THE REBUILDING OF THE BANK. In making preparations for erecting the new premises the builders had occasion to underpin the last house on the west side of the Middle Temple Lane, which is occupied by the under-porter of the Inn ; in doing so, the workmen came upon a large quantity of human bones, which were disposed in five regular rows ; they had to cut through this layer, and removed more than a cart-load of leg-bones, the other portions of the skeletons being left beneath the house. They appeared to lie north-east and south-west, and no vestige of anything was found with them. Why should they have been all buried in one grave ? The burials were evidently of very ancient date, and, when discovered, much speculation was indulged in as to their origin. There can now be little doubt that they had some connection with the Carmelite monastery which stood here. The foundation stone of the new bank was laid on nth November, 1879 (in the absence of the Earl of Jersey), by Mr. Frederick William Price, the senior partner. The following memorandum was written upon a piece of parchment, then sealed up in a glass bottle and laid in a hole in the stone, cut to receive it : — " The foundation stone of the new building of Messrs. Child & Co.'s Bank (built upon the site of the old bank, which had flourished upon the same spot for over 250 years) was laid by Frederick William Price, on the I ith day of November, 1879. Earl of Jersey, F. W. Price, John Gibson, C. T. Fane, Architect. R. H. Potter, E. P. Evans, F. Littlehales, In addition to which a set of new coins of the year were likewise deposited. }■ Part ners. THE REBUILDING OF THE BANK. 105 Elizabeth... Charles I. Do. ... Do, ... Charles II. James II. William & Mary William III. Do. ... George I. George II. George III. It is of special interest here to note what coins and tokens were found during the excavations : — ^d., 1580. Tower shilling, edges clipped. 2 Royal farthing tokens. 2 Irish do. do. 2 farthings. Gun money piece, probably a shilling. 3 halfpennies, 1694. 2 halfpennies, 1697. 1 farthing, 1696. 2 farthings. 2 halfpennies, 1735, i739- farthing, early issue, Bristol farthing token, 1652. Halfpenny token. O. John Spicer in Crown Court. A crown. R. In Russell Street. 1667. His Half- penny. A lute. Andrew Ragdale in Bow Lane. O. lOSEPH . GVRNEi . AT . THE. = 3 chandler standing within a crescent. R. WITHOVT . TEMPLE . BARR . G = 1.1. 3 Nuremberg tokens, and several foreign coins and tokens, some illegible. The new Bank premises were opened for business on Monday morning, 23rd August, 1880. One of the first people who entered was a small boy with a parcel of newspapers under his arm and a few coppers in his hand, who enquired what the smallest sum was that could be received upon deposit, as he wished to place his small savings in safety ; upon telling him that such small accounts were never opened, we asked the reason for his coming in, to which he replied he was induced to do so by seeing a notice board upon the steps " Entrance to Child's Bank." Farthing token. Do. CHAPTER IX. SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. The Devil Tavern. This famous old house was mentioned as early as 1563, and was much frequented by the quality in the days of James I. It was sometimes called St. Dunstan's, or the old Devil tavern. In the year 1621 we find one Symon Wadlowe, a vintner, assessed at 8s. on a ;£^ value, and in the same year, but in another roll, his name is spelt Wodlowe,' both in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. This Symon was the landlord of the Devil tavern. Later, in 1625,° he appears on inquests, as also do the names of Richard Child, Isaac Walton, Prayse Barbone, James Farr — who was himself presented in 1657 as landlord of the Rainbow tavern for making and selling drink, called coffee, to the annoyance of his neighbours — Henry Pinkney and others ; later on John, Symon Wadlowe's son, appears, first in 1646 as a vintner, and lastly in 1660.^ In 1673 the then Attorney- General filed a bill* against John Wadlow, John Sayer, John Billingsley, Richard Kensey, Thomas Dyos, Richard Dormer, and Thomas Blagrave, all in the wine, &c., trade, for putting into action two Acts of Parliament for raising a certain sum of money by imposition on wines and other liquors. Nine witnesses gave answers on oath to the interrogatories. In the eastern end of the south aisle of the church of St. Christopher's, Broad Street ward, in the City of London, there is a monument to Benjamin and Thomas Blagrave, citizens and vintners, who died in May and June, 1676.^ Lay Subs., City of London rolls ^^ and 505, P.R.O. Wardmotes. ^ Wardmotes. •* Court of Exchequer Depositions, London . 5 Strype's Stow. SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. IO7 The association of the names of Wadlow, Blagrave' and Land, as well in business as in friendship, is here conclusively shown ; the former citizens and vintners, and the latter some years later departing this life at Lady Blagrave's, at Whitton Dean, Isleworth, Middlesex. " On 28 Jan., 1660, at the Devil tavern by Temple Bar one Mr. Fenne, an Attorney, was unhappily slain by the casual going off of a Pistol." (" Mercurius Politicus," 28th January, 1660.) On 22nd April, 1661, Pepys records that upon the day before Charles's coronation, "upon the King's going from Y" Tower to White Hall, Wadlow, the vintner, at the Devil, in Fleet Streete, did lead a fine company of soldiers, all young comely men in white doublets." It may be worth recording that excellent cellars also ran beneath the open space in front of the houses in Child's place, as they were in all probability the cellars in which Simon Wadlow (the landlord at the sign of " St. Dunstan pulling the Devil by the nose," commonly known as the " Old Devil ") kept his celebrated wines. These cellars were, in fact, a portion of the subvaults of the Carmelite monastery ; they were of 1 3th century work, and the original floor, which was concealed by a later floor, was paved with square glazed tiles. Wadlow issued a farthing token from this tavern ; a specimen in my collection reads as follows : — ■ O. At. The. D. and Dvnstans. St. Dunstan pulling the devil's nose with a pair of tongs. i?. Within Temple. Barre. LS.W. As Messrs. Child & Co. are the possessors of a few interesting relics of the Devil tavern, it may not be considered out of place if the following paragraph from Peter Cunningham's " Handbook of London " is quoted here : — "In the time of Ben Jonson, who has given a lasting reputation to the " house, the landlord's name was Simon Wadloe, the original of ' Old Sir " ' Simon the King,' the favourite air of Squire Western in Tom Jones. The " great room was called the Apollo. Thither came all who desired to be " ' sealed of the tribe of Ben.' "^ ■ The Blagraves were of a Berkshire family, and many references to the name appear in the late Col. Chester's " Westminster Abbey Registers." ' John Chamberlain, writing to Carleton, June 19th, 1694, says : " I send here certain Leges " Conuiuales (Convivial Laws) of Ben Jonson's made for a faire roome or chamber lately built at " the tavern or signe of the Divell and St. Dunstan by temple barre ; they be reasonable good and " not improper for such a place." [State Papers, D.S., James L, Vol. 168, No. 8.] I08 SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. Here Jonson lorded it with greater authority than Dryden did afterwards at Wills's, or Addison at Button's. The following doggerel lines are recorded by Camden, in his " Remains," " Uppon Simon Wadlowe, Vintner, dwelling at ye signe of ye Devill and St. Dunstan : — " Apollo et cohors Musarum, Bacchus vini et uvarum, Ceres pro pane et cervisia, Adeste omnes cum tristitia Diique, Deseque, lamentate cuncti Simonis Wadloe funera defuncti. Sub signo male bene vixit, mirabile ! Si ad Coelum recessit, gratias Diabolo." The rules of the club, drawn up in the pure and elegant Latin of Jonson, and placed over the chimney, were, it is said, " engraved in marble." Messrs. Child & Co. do not possess these rules. In the "Tatler" (No. 79) they are described as being "in gold letters," and this account agrees with the rules themselves — in gold letters upon board — still preserved in the banking house of the Messrs. Child, with another and equall)/ interesting relic of the Devil Tavern, the bust of Apollo. Over the door of the entrance to the Apollo the following verses were placed, which were written by Ben Jonson. Beneath these verses is the name of the author thus inscribed — " O Rare Ben Jonson," a posthumous tribute from his grave in Westminster Abbey. " Welcome all who lead or follow. To the oracle of Apollo — Here he speaks out of his pottle, Or the tripos, his Tower bottle ; All his answers are divine. Truth itself doth flow in wine. Hang up all the poor hop-drinkers, Cries old Sim, the king of skinkers ; He the half of life abuses That sits watering with the Muses. These dull girls no good can mean us ; Wine, it is the milk of Venus, And the poet's horse accounted : Ply it, and you all are mounted ; 'Tis the true Phcebian liquor ; Cheers the brains, makes wit the quicker, Pays all debts, cures all diseases. And at once three senses pleases. Welcome all who lead or follow. To the oracle of Apollo. Rare Ben Jonson.'" Plate XVIII. To face page io8. C. ir, Ke'l 4- Son, 8, Farntvat Street, Ijolborn, K.C. i. THE BUST OF APOLLO, AND THE BOARD WITH BEN JONSON'S VERSES, ii. THE OLD KITCHEN, FROM THE BACK YARD. SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. IO9 In 1675-6, Thomas Edlyne, of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, left in his will, proved 2nd May, 1676, among other things, a ring of 20s. value to his brother-in-law, John Wadlowe.' John Verney, writing under date November 20th, 1680, to Sir Richard Verney, says : — " Lord Hunsdon is like to be in some trouble for drinking " (at the Devil Tavern) confusion to all that were for passing the Bill against " the Duke of York. "^ The daughter of one Taylor, who kept the Devil Tavern, by Temple Bar, and who died in 1724, was the wife of Sir Thomas Rawlinson, Alderman of the Ward of Farringdon Without. ^ In 1734, the Devil Tavern was in the occupation of John Goostrey, and I may add that I have a silver rat-tailed spoon in my possession, with the date letter for 1724, inscribed on the bowl "John Goostrey, Old Devil, Temple Barr." " Last Tuesday night the Quarterly Communication of the Most Antient and Most Honourable Society of Free and Accepted Masons met at the Devil Tavern, at which were present John Ward, Esq., Deputy Grand Master, in the chair (in the absence of the Lord Viscount Weymouth, who is indisposed). Sir Edward Mansel, Bart., Mr. Martin Clare (Wardens), Dr. Desaguliers (Deputy Grand Master Pro tempore), His Grace the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Loudoun (Grand Master Elect), the Earl of Crawford, Lord Erskine, and several other persons of distinction, the twelve representatives of the Stewards' Lodge, the twelve present Stewards, and the Masters and Wardens of all the regular Lodges about Town, when many things were transacted to the Honour of that Most Antient and Most Honourable Society."* "In April, 1750, the Anniversary Festival of the Middlesex Hospital was held at the Devil and Rose Tavern, by Temple Bar, the Duke (E.) of Northumberland presiding. "5 Some curious events took place in this tavern, which I have chronicled elsewhere.^ " P.C.C. register " Bence," fol. 49. ' Hist. MSS., Sir H. Verney's, see p. 30, "also, money spent on the Doctor at the Devil Tavern." 3 Le Neve's " Knights." * " Read's Weekly Journal," April 10, 1736. = Wilson's Hist. Midd. Hospital, p. 295. ' See my " Signs of Old Fleet Street," p. 356. U no SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. It is now a matter of history that the old Devil Tavern stood next door to the Marygold, and that in the year 1787 it was purchased by Messrs. Child & Co. for the sum of ;^2,8oo, and in the year following demolished, when a row of houses, called " Child's Place," and 2, Fleet Street, were erected upon the site of this famous tavern. This sombre row of houses was pulled down in April, 1878, in order to make way for the new bank, and at the same time the old buildings at the back of the Marygold, once known as the "Sugar Loaf" and "Green Lettice," i.e. Lattice, were likewise demolished. The Sugar Loaf. The Sugar Loaf never could have been such a place of fashionable resort as were the Devil or the Rainbow. In 1668,' at an inquest, the jury "doe present that the Victuallers within " the said parish whose names are under written do sell Ale and Beere " in unsealed and small measures as Muggs and Canns. The said Inquest " do likewise present the said Victuallers houses. The said inquest the " 29 day of July 1669 found and carryed away many of the said unsealed and " small measures as hereinafter is mentioned : — " Thomas Hunt in Hercules Pillars Alley " William King ,, ,, ,, " Thomas Posterne, Sugar Loaf near Temple Bar " Robert Cole, Falcon Court "John Smith, Ram Alley ... " Thomas „ ,, " Edward Mountford, Sun, Fetter Lane ... Then, as now, short weights and measures were rife. The Sugar Loaf was not so bad as some of the others in this presentment. Mountford, the least culprit, was, however, further presented for highly vilifying and insulting language used, and refusing permission for the inquest's entry. In Pepys's Diary, under date loth March, 1669, that worthy says: — " Up and by hackney coach to Auditor Beale's office, in Holborne, to look for records of the Navy, but he was out of the way and so forced to go next to White Hall, to the Privy Seal ; and, after staying a little there, then to Westminster, where, at the Exchequer, I met with Mr. Newport and ' Wardmote, 12 . LViuggs. 25 4 17 ,, 2 Cans. 3 I ,, 10 Cans. I Plate XIX. To face page no. THE BACK YARD OF THE SUGAR LOAF. SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. I I I Major Halsey ; and after doing a little business with Mr. Burges, we by water to White Hall, where I made a little stop ; and so with them by coach to Temple Bar, where, at the Sugar Loaf, we dined, and W. Hewer with me ; and there comes a companion of theirs. Colonel Vernon, I think they called him ; a merry good fellow, and one that was very plain in cursing the Duke of Buckingham, and discoursing of his designs to ruin us, and that ruin must follow his counsels and that we are an undone people." The tavern room of which Pepys wrote was probably that latterly used as the kitchen of the old bank. It had been necessarily much altered in the early part of Queen Anne's reign, when Sir Francis Child rented the property of Mr. Land ; still various parts of the old tavern could be distinctly made out, notably a stout oaken bench fixed into the wall and the rows of hat-pegs which were to be seen in the old pantry. Although it is only once mentioned by Pepys in his Diary, the tavern was probably of some importance, and a halfpenny token was issued by the proprietor. I have the good fortune to possess one of these tokens of the Sugar Loaf ; it was found under one of the old houses in Elm Court, Temple ; it is not dated, but from its appearance it is evidently of the 17th century. [}■• It reads: — "George Bryar at y" / \," and on the reverse, "without Temple Bar — His halfepeny." Boyne, in describing this token, gives the name of George Bryant as the issuer, and places it in Ram Alley, Fleet Street, by Temple Bar. On my token the name is Bryar, at the Sugar Loaf, without Temple Bar. In spite of this apparent discrepancy I am inclined to believe that the same tavern is intended, as it was situated immediately in the rear of the Marygold, and was approached by a long narrow passage similar to that of the Cock Tavern and of Dick's. This passage led southwards into the Temple, and, furthermore, the parish boundary went through a portion of it, so that it might really have belonged to St. Clement's parish, and thus be without Temple Bar, in spite of the fact that it was approached from Fleet Street, in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the West, and that the passage in question was Ram Alley, a portion of which was thrown into the Bank premises when the Sugar Loaf was acquired and the right-of-way into the Temple closed. The old kitchen was very similar to what the coffee room of Dick's Tavern used to be some thirty or forty years ago. On the south side of it was a large window, u 2 I I 2 SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. beneath which, in a recess, was fixed a thick wooden bench ; this must have formed part of the inner room where George Bryar possibly entertained his famiHar friends, and where, some forty or fifty years later, Dorothy Biggins kept her score against Capt. Trevor, a copy of whose bill for " Mountain, Syder, Port, Lopster and Sallmon" is given at the end of this chapter.' Affixed to the western wall of this kitchen above the table was a clock with a large dial and trunk sufficiently long to admit of the seconds pendulum, made by Delander, a well-known clockmaker who lived in Fleet Street ; Daniel Delander flourished between 1 699-1 721, and Nathaniel Delander between 1 721-1759. The latter was employed by the Childs for clock and watch repairing, as I have seen some of his bills. This old clock is still in our possession, is an excellent timekeeper, and hangs in the kitchen. It has been supposed by some that it is what was known as an "Act of Parliament Clock," used in public places and offices when Pitt introduced his tax upon watches in 1797, but I am inclined to consider it much earlier. Beneath this old kitchen two perfect pots of the 15th century were found. Very extensive cellarage extended under the whole of the area of Child's Place, the larger portion of which doubtless formed the cellars of the Devil Tavern,'' where Simon Wadlow kept his rare wines. Part consisted of a vaulted building with pointed arches, carried by a row of stone pillars (which have been worked into the supports of the new strong rooms of the Bank) ; three feet beneath the flooring of this old cellar a layer of large square tiles having a coating of green and yellow glaze was discovered, and at the further end of it, in a vaulted chamber, was a well. It is highly probable that these cellars formed part of the buildings of the Carmelite Monastery that existed on the site before the Devil Tavern was built, and doubtless had some con- nection with the remains of arches which will be described further on. Under the old houses many cesspools were found, in which were a large quantity of tobacco pipes such as were used at the end of the i6th and 17th centuries ; one or two of these pipes were of unusual length. In those days it may be presumed that pipes when once used were thrown away, hence the large quantity that were met with. Beside them were a considerable number of Bellarmines or Grey Beards, jugs of cream-coloured ware with green glazed tops, belonging to the 15th and " See p. 114. " See account of the tavern, p. 106. Plate XX. ^ Til face pa^e 112. I m H O I m H I m DO > z 7; 33 o a > :ii1, SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. I 13 1 6th centuries, tygs, stoneware jugs, small ointment jars, and stumpy glass wine bottles of the same period. The most interesting find to be recorded was that of a full bottle of wine, which was discovered in a part of the old cellar, deeply buried in rotten sawdust. It holds about a pint of a rosy-coloured wine, probably port ; the bottle is coated with a splendid iridescence, and the cork is apparently quite sound, it having been well resined over, which has had the effect of preserving both it and the liquid intact. {See Plate XXIV., fig. 2.) John Land, as before stated, by will, dated September nth, 1697, bequeathed to the Minister and Churchwardens of St. Dunstan's in the West and to their successors for ever his messuage or tenement known as the Marygold, upon trust that they shall yearly and every year dispose of thirty pounds per annum, being one moiety or half of the rent of the above- named messuage or tenement, to three poor widows of good report and widows of honest freemen of the City of London, by ten pounds a-piece to be paid to them in quarterly payments, and the other remaining moiety to 'prentice out to some honest trades three poor children of poor and honest freemen of London, and that the parish of St. Dunstan's have the nomination of the said three poor widows and three poor boys for ever. He likewise bequeathed ten pounds each to Sir Francis Child and Lady Child for mourning, and a like sum to John Rogers. An agreement was afterwards entered into that Sir Francis Child should lay out ^800 in building. Of the Sugar Loaf and Green Lettice we cannot glean any history ; it was situated immediately in the rear of the Marygold, and the kitchen of the old bank was a part of those premises, and put one greatly in mind of what the dining-room at Dick's coffee-house used to be when kept by Mr. Quelch, and closely resembled the interior of the old Rainbow Tavern. But both of these latter coffee-houses were established after the Marygold ceased to exist as a tavern ; the date of Dick's, according to Cunningham, was 1680, and that of the Rainbow 1657. The Sugar Loaf and the houses beyond to the Temple were at one time, prior to 1700, approached by a passage (similar to that to the Cock, Rainbow, and Dick's), the site of which, at the pulling down in 1879, was occupied by the entrance-door to the bank. In many of the passages in the old house over the kitchen, and in the house beyond it (which was connected with it) were long rows of hat-pegs, which possibly originated in the old tavern, and could never have been used I 14 SOME NOTES ON THE HOUSES ADJACENT TO THE OLD BANKING PREMISES. since for that purpose, especially as a great many were still to be seen in the larder. This part of the house appears to date back to the latter part of the 1 6th century. We must dispel the idea which has been cherished by many, that the old kitchen and the house above it ever belonged to the Devil Tavern, but hold that it was part and parcel of the Sugar Loaf Tavern ; and the fine commodious cellarage, which occupied the whole base of the house, likewise points to a tavern for its origin. In Sir Francis Child's account, in the year 1707, is the following entry: — " Cost of new building the Sugar Loaf ^350." The following is a curious bill relating to this tavern, found amongst the old papers over Temple Bar : — Mr. Capt, Trevor, His Bill- March 17. Dohwood a bill 389 19. Wine 020 Bread & Bear 008 Syder 014 Cheese & Butter 009 for to botles of Wine 040 June 21. to botles of Syder 014 for botles of Mountain .. 080 22. for botles of Syder 028 for Sallmon 050 26. to Lopsters .. 040 Salmon & Lodgings .. 089 pay for Lopsters 056 for Salmon .■ 030 for 6, botles of Mountain .. 12 for 6, botles of Syder .• 040 30. for 12, botles of Syder 080 to Botles of Mountain .. 040 6 Botles of Mountain . 12 3 Bottles of Port ■ 068 July y' 8th 1719 Receaved the full contents of this Bill Dorortey Biggins her O mark. £& 2 5 Plate XXI. To face page 114. C. ¥, Kfll ^ Son, 8, Farnivul Street, Hotborrt, E.C. THE STAIRCASE OF THE SUGAR LOAF. CHAPTER X. INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS, &c., RELATING TO CHILD'S BANK. It is of interest to read some of the advertisements of years gone by and perhaps the more so when they refer to the signs of old London. Let us take some wherein the Marygold is mentioned. The following, for a gold watch, is extracted from the " Kingdom's Intelligencer "' and is an early instance : — " A Gold watch in a shagreen case, studded with small brass pins, with a seal & a key of a cabinet tyed to it with a satin ribbon, Lost between Lincoln's Inn Fields & Westminster Hall (if not in the Hall). Whoever brings it to the Marygold (a goldsmith's shop, without Temple Barre) shall have five pounds with hearty thanks." " Lost, June 29th, 1661, in Grays Inn Fields, near unto Lambs Conduit, a pendant of a Jewell, containing 9 Faucet Diamonds or thereabouts, the middle Stone Heart Fashion about three or four grains, the rest about a grain apeice. If such be offered to be sold, pawn'd or valued, pray stay it and the party, and give speedy notice to Mr. Robert Blanchard, Goldsmith at the Marygold Without Temple Bar, and you shall have Fourty Shillings for your pains, and if already bought your Money again with good profit." — (From the " Mercurius Publicus.") " Lost, a little before Christmas, a Ring with three large Diamonds and four small ones of about ^^40 value. Whoever shall discover it or bring it to Mr. Blancher, a Goldsmith by Temple-Barre, or stop it upon offering it to be pawned or sold shall have a good reward." — (" The Newes," 12'*' Jan^, 1664/5.) " Stolen from the Hon^'^ Banastre Maynard, a quantity of plate, reward _^io — to be paid by Mr. Robert Blanchard, a goldsmith Within Temple Bar." — (" London Gazette," 20 March, 1676.) ' January 38th, 1660. Il6 INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC., RELATING TO CHILd's BANK. Prince Rupert being possessed of a considerable quantity of jewels, which were disposed of by public lottery, the following advertisement appeared in the " London Gazette"' : — "Whereas there is a considerable sum of money already paid in to Mr. Child Goldsmith of Temple Bar, towards the Lottery of the Jewels of his late Highness Prince Rupert. Now for the satisfaction of all such as have any doubt of the fair and equal proceedings in the Drawing thereof, These are to give notice, that it is intended to be drawn in the manner following : As soon as the money is all come in, a Day will be prefixed and pubHshed for the Drawing thereof as has been formerly notified. In the morning of which day His Majesty will be pleased publickly in the Banqueting House to see the Blanks told over, that they may not exceed their number, and to read the papers, (which shall be exactly the same size as the Blanks) in which the Prizes are to be written, which being rolled up in His Presence, His Majesty will mix amongst the Blanks, as may any of the Adventurers there present that shall desire it. This being done, a Child to be appointed by His Majesty or the Adventurers, shall out of the mass of lots so mixed take out the number that each Person adventured for and put them into little boxes, which shall be provided on purpose on the covers whereof each Adventurer's name shall be written with the number of Lots he or she adventures for. The Boxes are to be filled in succession as the moneys are paid in, as soon as the Lots are thus distributed, they shall be opened as fast as may be and the Prizes then and there dehvered to those that win them, all which 'tis hoped will be done and finished in one day." Mr. Thornbury, in " Old and New London," says the jewels were valued at ;if 20,000, and that the King himself, who took a half business-like, half-boyish interest in the matter, counted the tickets among all the lords and ladies at Whitehall. In the same Gazette'' another advertisement appears, which reads : — " Whereas this month of January is the utmost time limited for the drawings ot the lottery of _;^20,ooo worth of Jewels. It is desired that all such as desire to be adventurers will forthwith pay in their moneys to Mr. Child, Goldsmith, at Temple Bar. And they are also desired to consider for the adventure of £^ — they have a possibility of drawing a lot of ^^8,000, and that there are also several other lots of great value, none being less than ;^ioo. And as to the Fairness in the proceedings therein, as many of the adventurers as will, may be present when the King shall please to read the prizes, and to mix them amongst the blanks as has been formerly notified." It does not appear from the ledgers who gained the prize. The advertisements which appeared in the newspapers referring the finder of lost articles to Mr. Child were not always connected with plate, jewels or notes, as will be seen from the following (" Post Boy," June r, 17 14) : — " Lost this day fortnight from Mr. Child's at Temple Bar, a black and white spaniel bitch of King Charles' breed, with a black mottled nose, if found, to give notice at Mr. Child's shall have lo'- reward." ' 26th November, 1683. ' 31st December, 1683. INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC., RELATING TO CHILD S BANK. II7 and in 1681 several notices appeared in the "London Gazette" announcing that Mr. Francis Child, goldsmith, within Temple Bar, is appointed by the Rt. Rev. Henry, Lord Bishop of London, to receive moneys collected throughout England and Wales for the repair of the Great Antient Church of St. Albans. Here are others, from the same journal, of equal interest : — The first, under date August 4th, 1684, announced : — " That Mr. Child receives Subscriptions towards the Races at Winchester for Mr. Bernard Howard of Norfolk, 4 Aug., 1684. Also that he receives subscriptions for the sufferers from the Fire at Newmarket at his house at Temple Barr." December i6th, 1686 : — "A Scotchman named Craven, speaks Irish, is suspected to have broken open a closet door and taken away with him ;£^ioo — sealed up in a Canon Bag. Whoever gives notice to Captain Child Goldsmith Within Temple Bar shall have ^5 reward." April 14th, 1687 : — "Whereas a quantity of rare China will be sold by way of Lottery, the proposals whereof may be seen at Mr. Francis Child's goldsmith at T. Bar." May I St, 1693 : — "These are to give notice that any person concern'd in the Buildings of Ships, or other great vessels, may be furnished with all sorts of Oak Timber, fit for their purpose, from 500;^ to 20,000^ worth. Inquire of Mr. Morse at Sir Francis Childs next Temple Bar." May 9th, 1695 : — "Two gentlemen coming from Kensington in a coach were set on near Berkeley Square by three men on Horseback and robbed of money and a Diamond Ring, ;^ioo Reward will be paid by Sir Francis Child, Temple Bar." In 1700 : — " A great Jewel Robbery took place at the Earl of Ranelagh's House at Chelsea. Apply to Sir F. Child." In the " Postman "' appears the following : — "Lost the 12th instant at night, a Pocket Book with two Notes of Sir Fran. Childs, payable to Sir Henry Peachy, viz. One of 10/. the other of 20 Guineas. Whoever brings them to Sir Fran. Child Goldsmith near Temple Bar, shall have two Guineas reward, payment being stopt." In the " St. James' Evening Post "°: — " Last Monday a Gentleman who lives at Islington which had received upwards of roo/. at Sir Francis Child's took Coach between five and six a Clock to go home ; when the Coachman had drove to Cleikenwell Green he stop'd, and said he would ' March 14th, 1702. ' December 13th, 1737. Il8 INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC., RELATING TO CHILD's BANK. go no further ; the Gentleman got out of the Coach, and insisted he should carry him home, but the Coachman would not ; immediately several Fellows came up with Clubs in their Hands, and jostled the Gentleman, and robb'd him of all his Money; the Coachman drove away as fast as he could, and the Rogues made off undiscover'd." In the " Daily Advertiser "' : — ■ " Lost or mislaid late this Evening, between the Star and Garter Tavern in Pall- Mali and the Corner of Essex Street in the Strand, a small red Leather Pocket Case containing nine Notes of Samuel Child, Esq; and Co. for Fifty Guineas each, dated the ist instant and payable to Mr. Charles Walmsley, or Bearer; a Bank Note of One Hundred Pounds, and a Note of Hand for Four Guineas, with other Papers of small Consequence. Whoever will be so kind as to leave the said nine Fifty-Guinea Notes and the said Bank Note, at the Shop of the said Samuel Child, Esq; and Co. at Temple Bar, on or before the 20th of May next, shall have One Hundred and Fifty Pounds Reward ; or whoever will be so kind as to leave the aforesaid nine Fifty-Guinea Notes at the said Shop on or before the said 20th of May next, shall be entitled to, and have the aforesaid Bank Note of One Hundred Pounds, and Fifty Pounds in cash, as a Reward, and no manner of Questions ask'd. " Note, payment of all the aforesaid Notes is stopt, so that they can be of no manner of Value or Use to any Person but the Owner ; and no greater Reward will ever be offer'd." In the " Whitehall Morning Post"^ another advertisement announces the loss of some valuable jewellery, and : — " Whoever brings them, or gives Notice, so as he may be had again, to Francis Child, Esq., & Co., Temple Bar, shall have One Hundred Pounds Reward, or pro- portionably for any Part of them." In the " London Chronicle "^ appears the following paragraph : — "On Thursday last a young man was taken into custody at Anderton's Coffee- house, in Fleet-street, for forging a draft on Mr. Child, Banker, for 40I. in the name of Edward Needham. This is said to be the second draft the above person has forged upon Mr. Child within this month. On Wednesday last he employed a Ticket Porter, who was standing in St. Paul's Churchyard, to take the draft to the above Banker's, directing the man to leave the money for him at the bar of Anderton's Coffee-house ; but the porter was seized on producing the note, and some persons were dispatched with him to the Coffee-house, where they waited until past twelve o'clock at night, in order to take him, but without effect. The next morning, however, he came, and enquiring for the money of the waiter, was immediately secured by one of Sir John Fielding's people, who conveyed him to Tothill-fields Bridewell. The above lad is about 18 years of age, and said to be related to the late Sir Joseph Jeykel, and son to a Gentleman of property." ' April loth, 1742. " November 9th, 1756. ^ January, 1773. Plate XXII. To f((cc piii^e I \i ^\Oiui/j'A'/ J-L^ ^ CHILD'S BANK, Temple BAR. Copied from a. Urawinr m ihe GrfrdnRr CoMpcLion STREET FRONT OF THE OLD BANK, 1800 INTERESTING ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC., RELATING TO CHILD's BANK. I I9 The following tale appears in the " National Observer"' ; whether exactly true or not, it is at any rate amusing : — " An American wanting a bank where his money would be safe during his sojourn in London, a friend remarked, ' A bank ? You cannot do better than go to my bankers — Child's — the oldest bank in England. Kept a running account with Henry the Eighth and his wives, and other monarchs. I asked the same thing when I first came over, and was told of Child's. Said I, that will just fit me. A bank that was good enough for the Kings of England is good enough for me ; and, besides,, it's a good thing to talk about when you get back to New York.' " December 14th, 1895, p. 134. X 2 CHAPTER XI. A FEW REMARKS ABOUT TEMPLE BAR.' The history of Temple Bar has been so often written, that it is not necessary to here touch on the same ground to any large extent. Mr. T. C. Noble' says : " The first mention of Temple Bar is quoted by the late "Mr. Herbert, being a grant dated the 29th of Edward the First, a.d. 1301, " to Walter le Barbour, of a void place in the high street in the parish " of St. Clements Danes, extra Barram Novi Templi, a spot considered to be " the neighbourhood of Holywell Street." Many were the processions that passed this boundary, both gay and mournful. In 1422 the corpse of Henry V. was borne to Westminster Abbey, and every door from Southwark to Temple Bar had a torch bearer. In 1502-3, the hearse of Elizabeth of York, Queen of Henry VII., halted at Temple Bar on its way to Westminster. The Abbots of Bermondsey and Westminster blessed the corpse and the Earl of Derby and other nobles here joined the procession. The gay processions that have passed, as is well known, are innumerable, some when barriers only marked the site and others through its portals when a Gate, of which, according to Mr. Noble, there is no mention before the sixteenth century. Kings and Queens have honoured this boundary ; among them the youthful Edward VI. on his way to be crowned, February 19th, 1547, Queen Mary on September 27th, 1553, and, in 1558, Queen Elizabeth. The progress of the " high and mighty " James of Scotland, in, 1603, seems to have led the citizens to make some most gorgeous preparations in this district. Inigo Jones, Esq., Surveyor-General to His Majesty King Charles I., made a plan of a proposed Bar or Gate, which found its way into the Burlington collection, and was subsequently engraved by William Kent in 1727. The design was not accepted, however, so the old structure had to suffice, passing through the time of the Great Fire of London, 1 666, without injury. A few years later the great architect. Sir Christopher Wren, was called in, who drew out new plans and ' There is in possession of the firm a fine oil painting of Temple Bar, painted between 1741- 1780, by John Collet. It was exhibited at South Kensington Museum by Messrs. Child & Co. from 1879-1882. {See PI. XXIII.) ' "Memorials of Temple Bar," p. 20. Plate XXIII. Tv face page 120. O O o 1-^ A FEW REMARKS ABOUT TEMPLE BAR. 121 finally erected the new bar in 1672. As assistants Wren had Joshua Marshall, the mason, and John Bushnell, the sculptor. Mr. Noble, in his " Memorials of Temple Bar," before quoted,' gives a long list of pageants, from the year 1236, that passed the barrier or through the bar. It is interesting to note that William III., in 1689, came to the City to see the Lord Mayor's Show, and the City Militia, holding lighted flambeaux, lined Fleet Street to as far as Temple Bar. During the procession of the House of Commons down the left side of Fleet Street, the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and a deputation of four of the Common Council, in their carriages, preceded by the Marshals and City Officers, went to Mr. Child's at Temple Bar, where they waited to receive His Majesty.^ Temple Bar was partly taken down in January, 1878, with con- siderable care, and the stones, having been previously numbered, were then taken off to be stored in Farringdon Street until an opportunity might occur for re-building or re-erecting the old gateway elsewhere. It was discovered that it had been built of stones which had previously taken part in the construction of some older buildings, probably destroyed in the Great Fire of London, as many of the stones were moulded and otherwise ornamented, the carved portions being turned inwards and re-faced. In March, 1879, the north buttress was removed. It was discovered that between the south wall of the south arch over the footway and the wall of the Bank there existed a recess three feet in breadth, in which was found a flue and the remains of what had been a circular stone staircase leading up into the Bar. This proves that Temple Bar was originally built to accommodate a custodian, and that it was approached by this staircase from the south side. The building consisted of a lobby on the south side leading into a large chamber, which had a fire-place in it, and had been used by Messrs. Child & Co. for nearly two centuries as a library for their old books. It was secured by an iron door and was wainscotted with oak panelling ; out of this room was another small chamber on the north side, with a ladder which led up into a sort of prison cell : this was of stone, with two narrow loop-holes at the north and south ends for the admission of light, in front of which were massive iron bars, and the entrance to the chamber was guarded by a heavy iron door. I am inclined to think that Temple Bar was originally designed as a guard-house, ' pp. 40-57. ' "St. James's Chronicle," 16-19 Dec, 1797. 122 A FEW REMARKS ABOUT TEMPLE BAR. and that in case any disorderly person should be arrested, this upper chamber might be used as a temporary lock-up. It proved of great value as a store- room for the old files of vouchers, which were kept there from 1685 to 1800. A little to the eastward of the recess before-mentioned in the south wall of the arch was evidence of a low doorway, which had been used at one time as an entrance into the Marygold, probably the only one in the early history of the house ; it would have opened out into the middle of the old shop, where, it will be remembered, there was a skylight and a space dividing the house on the east side from that on the west side of Temple Bar. This space was originally occupied by a staircase which led to the top of the house, a door upon each floor giving access to it. The old doors remained in the wainscotting of the front rooms, as evidence of their former use, until the building was pulled down. By the poll-tax assessment for the parish of St. Dunstan's in the West, dated 7th September, 1660, it is proved that at this date the Marygold was in the occupation of one Thomas East, a goldsmith, who was assessed at ten shillings for himself and three shillings for his three servants. This was the house next Temple Bar on the south side within the City, and was a very narrow slip ; at this time Blanchard's shop was entered from beneath the arch of Temple Bar, and he was then described as living without Temple Bar, and was assessed in the parish of St. Clement Danes. Between this date and 1666 East had vacated the shop on the City side, and it came into the hands of Blanchard and Child, who then enlarged and altered their premises. When the workmen were taking off the upper portion of the south arch of Temple Bar they discovered, embedded in the mortar, several plaster casts of torsos of some merit, carefully placed between the layers of stone. They consisted of five nude torsos, one draped female figure, the shoulders of another figure, one bull, two cherubs' heads, and a head of a female. They are of exceedingly fine work, certainly much earlier than the days of Charles II. It was suggested by Mr. Shoppee that these casts might have been copies of the original fine works which were done in Rome for the Earl of .Arundel, for Arundel House, which formerly stood comparatively close to Temple Bar, and that when they had served their purpose, they were thrown aside as useless, and were then laid between the stones of Temple Bar, and so handed down to us as we found them. They were presented to the Guildhall Museum. Plate XXI\'. To face page 12 POTTERY, &c., FOUND ON THE SITE OF THE OLD BANK. 1. A Tyg ; 17th century. 2. Bottle of Wine, from cellar in the Old Devil Tavern ; 17th century. 3. Earthenware Jug, cream-coloured ware, with green glaze in front ; i6th century. 4. A Flower Vase, red earthenware ; i6th century. 5. Three-legged Bronze Pot ; 13th century. 6. Jug, cream-coloured ware with green glaze 14th century. 7. Bellarmine ; i6th century. 8. Drinking Mug ; 17th century, g. Stoneware Jug ; i5th century. A FEW REMARKS ABOUT TEMPLE BAR. 1 23 Beneath that portion of the Bank called the "Shop," being on the west side of Temple Bar, were some ancient arches, which were visible in the old wine cellars. Upon removing all the superstructure and clearing away the adjoining walls, in order to develop the whole of these arches, the workmen exposed to view a large central pier (a drawing of which is given on p. lo), composed of upper greensand, the firestone of Kent, with four arches of the same material springing from it, two extending east and west, and two north and south. The north, south, east, and west ends of the arches rested upon an ancient wall composed of blocks of chalk, indicating that the whole had formed a square chamber, and it was the opinion of architects and antiquaries who visited the excavations that the roof had been vaulted, and must have carried a large building, and that the date of the arches was the 13th century. A wall of chalk blocks, varying from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet in thickness, extended through the whole length of the area from north to south, beginning near the street immediately beneath the wall of Temple Bar, so that this wall might possibly have been a portion of the boundary wall of the liberties of the City of London. The thickness of this ancient wall to the south, abutting against Fleet Street, was 6|- feet. At the base of the pier was a brick pavement, a few inches above which was a layer of cinders, with a bed of concrete above it ; this extended over the whole area excavated ; 3|- feet above this was the layer of flat bricks which composed the floor of the cellars. A little west of the pier, but under the arches, was a well, which was 9^ feet deep beneath the level ol the cellar ; in it a jug of cream-coloured pottery with green glazed top, the usual type of the 14th century, and a pipkin covered with yellow glaze of rather later date were found. The jug is figured No. 6 in the plate. This well probably belonged to the i6th century. Under a portion of the chalk wall, resting upon and being in the gravel, a copper cauldron or cooking pot standing on three legs was dis- covered (fig. 5 on plate). This was of the type of the copper vessels of the time of King John. As that monarch died in 12 16, the building of which these chalk walls formed a part could not well be later than the commence- ment of the 13th century. The cellars which were built into these arches were exceedingly massive, and were supposed to be i6th century work. On the eastern side of the chalk wall, which ran north and south, immediately beneath the building known as the Marygold, a very large slab of Portland stone was found, which had two steps cut in it : as this was found at a 124 A FEW REMARKS ABOUT TEMPLE BAR. depth of about 13 feet, it was thought too heavy to move and left where we found it. At the time of the discovery, I made all sorts of enquiries as to what building could have stood upon this site, but failed to find any record. It could not have formed any part of a former Temple Bar, as the house which stood above it was at least three centuries old. The Middle Temple have not any early record of their property, so I could not inspect any plans of the site. The following account is culled from Stow's " Survey of London,"' and his "Annals of England": — In the 19th year of King Henry the first, i.e. 11 19 — " certaine Noblemen, horsemen, religiously bent, bound by vow themselves in the handes of the Patriarke of lerusulem to serve Christ after the manner of Regular Chanons, in chastitie & obedience, and to renounce their owne proper willes for ever : the first of which order were Hugh Paganus & Geffrey de S. Andromare, & whereas at the first they had no certaine habitation, Baldwine King of lerusulem, granted unto them a dwelling place in his pallace by the Temple, & the Chanons of the same Temple, gave them the streete thereby to build there in their houses of office, & the Patriarke, the king, the Nobles & Prelates gave unto them certaine revenues out of their Lordships. Their first profession was for safegarde of the Pilgrimes comming to visite the Sepulchre, and to keepe the highwayes against the lying in waite of theeves. About ten yeares after they had a rule appointed unto them & a white Habite by Honorius the second then Pope, and whereas they had but nine in number, they began to encrease greatly." In 1 185, Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem, dedicated the Church of the new Temple, " then first builded in the west part of London, by the Knight Templars of England, he also dedicated the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem by Smithfield."^ After a time they waxed insolent and would only associate with noblemen, until in 1308 "after the Epiphany of our Lord, all the templers in England were apprehended & committed to prison in divers places." 3 They were tried & condemned to do penance for the rest of their lives in several monasteries. "Edward II. in the yeare 1313 gave unto Aimo de Valence, Earle of Pembrooke, the whole place & houses called the new Temple at London, with the ground called Ficquetes Croft, & all the tenements & rentes, with the ' Ed. 1603, p. 401. = "Annals," p. 157, Ed. 1631. ^ "Annals," p. 213. Platf. XXV. I'u f , _, , , . , . „ ,. „ . the Rents there during the time aforesaid. Carmelite r'riars ... I ° Arrears. The same is charged on the account for £g los. of arrears of the last Account^ of the year next preceding as appears in the same. Farm ot Lands tenements and"] And for ^4 for farm of all those gardens in Fletestrete in the > tenements and houses called le borys parish of St. Dunstan ... ) hede in Flet stret with all its appur- tenances as demised by indenture dated 24 January 19"" Henry VHI. to Christopher Daye his Executors and assigns from Lady Day thence next to come during the life of the said Christopher and Johanna his wife and the longer liver of them. And for ^4 for farm 01 a tenement for brewing (Brae) called le Bolte and Tonne with all houses and buildings to the same belonging with all tenements on the south side of the same situate in the parish of St. Dunstan in Fletestrete demised to Robert Flaxton and Alice his wife by indenture dated 31st October 8th Henry 8, for 40 years thence following payable at 4 usual terms of the year in the City of London .by equal portions. The repairs of the said tenements at the charge of the said Farmer his executors and assigns during the said term in this ' 31-32 Henry VIII., roll 112, m. 57d, P.R.O. Translated from the Latin. ' The last account is given in roll 236, 30-1 Henry VIII. wherein Thomas Spilman, receiver, is charged upon the account for ^^o 155. 8d. received of Hugh Losse, collector of rents, &c. of the said house of Carmelite Friars. APPENDICES. 131 29"^ year of his term'. And for 66^-. 8d. for farm of a tenement, with shops, cellars, warehouses, and other appurtenances, situate next the Tenement ot Thomas Buck as demised to William Ryggeley his Executors, and assigns, by indenture, dated 28th December, 28"' Henry 8, from Michaelmas day thence following, for 60 years payable at the said terms equally. The repairs as before in this 4"* year of his term. And for ^^4 for farm of a tenement with shop solars cellars and other appurtenances, situate in the parish of St. Dunstan in which tenement Simon Fyshe lately dwelt as demised to Robert Buck his Executors and assigns, by indenture dated 22nd January 26* Henry 8, from Michaelmas day following for 21 years payable at the same terms. The repairs at the charge of the King during the said term in the 6"" year of his term. And for 365-. 8d. for farm of a house or tenement with appurtenances in which Christopher Sandon, Broderer, lately dwelt situate in Fletstrete as demised to John Wysede^ his Executors and assigns by indenture dated i8th January 29"" Henry 8, from Michaelmas day follow- ing for 30 years. Paying for the first 15 years 365. 8d. and for the residue of his term 40J. a year payable at the said terms. The repairs at the charge of the Farmer his executors and assigns during the said term in this 3''' year of his term. And for 60s. of Farm of a tenement with appurtenances in the parish of St. Dunstan demised to William Kyrkbye by indenture for term of years payable at the same terms yearly. And /or £^ of faj-m of a tenement Site of with shops solars cellars and other appzirtenances in ivhich John the One ley lately dwelt. Also of Farm of 7 feet of land to the same Marygold. tenement adjoining extending near and by the teneinent aforesaid up to the south part of the same as demised to Henry Lee his Executors ajid assigns by indenture dated 8th April 25 Henry 8, from, the Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist following for 40 years payable at the same term. The Repairs of the same at the charge of the King in this jth year of his term. And for £^ of Farm of a tenement called le Blake Swanne in Fletestrete demised to William Thomas his Executors and assigns by indenture dated lo'*" March, 20''' Henry 8, from that date for 20 years payable at the same terms. And for 26s. 8d. of Farm of a tenement with shops solars cellars and other appurtenances in the parish of St. Dunstan in Flete- strete as demised to William James and Magdalene his wife by indenture dated 1 1"" September, 27"" Henry 8, from Lady Day following for 40 years ' Sic. Wysenden. 132 APPENDICES. payable at the same terms. The repairs at the charge of the Farmer his executors and assigns, in this s'*" year of his term. Sum ^29 10^. Note. — Then follow the particulars of the Farms, Tenements, Gardens, &c., on the site of the Priory. " And of 20s. of the farm of one tenement in the tenure of Thomas Leigh, Esq." William Leigh is also mentioned among those discharged from payment of 20^-. for a tenement. APPENDIX No. 2. Abstract of the Particulars for Grants' for Thomas Broke, of the Site of the Marygold and other Premises. Parcel of lands and possessions of the late house of Friars Carmelites in the suburbs of London. Viz', in the parish of St. Dunstan in Fleet Street, London, Valued in The farm of a house or tenement with shop &c. which Christopher Sandon, Broderer, inhabited between the tenement of William Kerby on the west and the tenement of Robert Bucke on the East demised to John Wysendon by indenture 18''' January 29 Henry VOL for 30 years. Ren- dering per annum 365. %d. The farm of a tenement or messuage with appurtenances which Edward Stubbe inhabited with garden and shop, demised to John Knappe and William Kyrkbye and Margaret his wife by indenture 27"" November 13 Henry VIII for life. Rendering 6ojr. per annum. The Farm of all that tenement or House with shop, cellars, solars, and all and singular their appitrtenances situated adjacent and existing in Fleet Street, in the parish aforesaid, in which John Onley inhabited and a piece of land in width seven feet to the same tenement adjacent. Demised to Henry Leigh his executors or assigns by indenture 8'^ April 25 Henry VLIL. Rendering per anmtrn £,\. ' Particulars for Grants 35 Henry VIII., Section 2. APPENDICES. 133 Thaunswer to tharticles conteyned in the Letters of the King's Commissioners. Memorandum the tenement above Rented and valued at xxxvj' viij"* by the yere ys graunted by the King's Letters Patents unto John Gylmyn and Suzan his wife, ffor terme of ther lyfes and to the longer lyver of them without anythinge paying therefore. And the tenement above valued at Ix' by the yere is graunted lykewise by the Kinge's Letters Patents unto John Nasshe and Alice his wife duryng their liffes and to the longer lyver of them without anythinge therefore payinge. And the tenement above valued at iiif' wherein Harry Leighe dwellith in ys sore in decaye and alnioste in Rewyn in backe and foreparte of the same. Ex. per me Thomas Mildemaie, Auditor. 2""^ July 35 Henry VI IL for Thomas Broke. The Clere yerely Value of the two Tenements in Revercon iiij" xvj' viij** at 7 years purchase amount to 30" <^d. I tin one other Tenement by the yere iiif'. From thence for i o"" 8j. and remains clear iif' xif zvhich to be purchased at xiij yeres purchase is xlvf' xvf. And soe the hole sume of the purchase is Ixxvij" v" to be paid the one- half yn hande and the residew wythyn three monethes. M'' the Kyng must discharge hym of all Licombraunces Except the leasses and terme aforesaid and the rent before reserved. APPENDIX No. 3. Extracts froji the Letters Patent" for Thomas Broke^ of the Premises and Site hereafter called " The Marygold." For Thomas Broke of a grant to him and his heirs, 1544. The King to all to whom &c. Greeting Know ye that we for the sum of ^384 2S. of our lawful money of England paid into the hands of the ' Patent Roll 731, m. 22 (17), P.R.O. ' The Particulars for Grants and the Licence of Alienation for Thomas Broke, who was a Citizen and Merchant Taylor of London, setting out the premises so completely, an outline only of this grant is necessary. \See pp. 134-136 translated.] Z 134 APPENDICES. Treasurer of our Court of Augmentations of the Revenues of our Crown for our use by our beloved Thomas Broke of which said sum we confess ourselves to be fully satisfied and paid and the same Thomas Broke his heirs Executors Administrators we acquit and discharge thereof by these presents of our special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion we have given and granted and by these presents give and grant to the aforesaid Thomas Broke All that our messuage &c. ***** [here setting out property in Fleet Street late belonging to the Priory or hospital of St. John Jerusalem in England now dissolved.'] Following this the property of the late Priory of the Carmelite Friars is set out as given the Particulars and Licence. The total of the rents yearly of the property which was held in capite by the loo"' part of a knight's fee is as follows : — Reserved to ] The messuage in the tenure of John Wysendon , ^ ^ }3- the Crown J after the death of John Gylman and his wife The messuage in John Knap, William Kirkby 1 and Margaret his wife ... ... ... J The messuage in Henry Leigh ... ... ... 8"^' Given at Westminster January 1 9"* ... ... ... ...17^-8'' APPENDIX No. 4. Abstract of the Licence' to Thomas Broke to alienate to Henry Leighe the Site of the Marygold. Licence to Thomas Broke 1^ The King, &c., greeting. Know ye that we of to alienate to Leighe J our special gra^> ^nd for 535'. paid to us in our hanaper grant and give licence for us and our heirs to Thomas Broke fhat he may give and grant alienate or determine by fine or in any other manner to Henry Leighe and Isabella his wife, the ' 1544- ' Patent Roll No. 739, m. 22 (33), P.R.O. Translation from the Latin. APPENDICES. 135 reversion and reversions of all that messuage or tenement with all its appurtenances and of all and singular solars, cellars, houses, buildings, chambers, shops, entries, easements, soil and land belonging to the same, in the parish of St. Dunstan, in Fletestrete, London, viz. between the tenement of William Kyrby on the west side, and the tenement of Robert Duke on the east side, now or late in the tenure or occupation of John Wysenden or his assigns, lately belonging to the house or Priory of the Carmelite friars, in the suburbs of London, and being parcel of the possessions thereof, which said messuage or tenement and other premises our beloved servant John Gylmyn, Serjeant {serviens) of our Woodyarde, and Susanna his wife, hold for the term of their lives and of either of them the longer liver. Also all that his messuage or tenement with all its appurtenances and all and singular solars, &c. to the same belonging in the parish of St. Dunstan, in Fletestrete, London, viz. : — between the tenement of William Kyrby on the west side, and the tenement of Robert Ducke on the east side, now or late in the tenure or occupation of the said John Wysenden or his assigns, late to the house or Priory of the Carmelite Friars, now dissolved, belonging and being parcel of the possessions thereof, and the reversion of all that his messuage or tenement with its appurtenances. Also of all and singular solars, &c. to the same belonging, in the parish of St. Dunstan, in Fletestrete, London, late in the tenure or occupation of Edward Stubbes, and afterwards let to John Knap, William Kirkby, and Margaret his wife, for the term of the lives of John, William, and Margaret, and the longest liver of them. John and William died, and Margaret has survived them and is in possession. Which said messuage and tenement that the said Margaret now holds we by our Letters Patent afterwards among other things have given and granted after the death of the said Margaret, to our beloved servant John Nasshe, one of the pages of our Chamber, and Alice his wife, and all rents upon any leases and grants of the messuages, lands, and tenements expressed in the Letters Patent for term of the lives of John Nasshe and Alice his wife, and the longer liver of them after death of Margaret to John Nashe and Alice his wife. Also all and singular solars, &c., to the said messuage or tenement belonging, situate in the parish of St. Dunstan, in Fletestrete, London, late in the tenure of Edward Stubbe, and afterwards let to John Knapp, &c. for their lives, formerly belonging to the house or Priory of Carmelite Friars. Site of ~\A/so all that his messuage or tenement with its appurtenances, the MaxygoXdi.S a7td all and singular solars, &c. to the same belonging, situate z 2 1 36 APPENDICES. in the parish of St. Dunstan in Fletestrete, London, late in the tenure of John Onley, and all that his piece of land containing by estimation in breadth seven feet, adjoining the said messuage situate in the parish of St. Dunstan, tn Fletestrete, London, now or late in the tenure of Henry Leighe or his assigns, formerly belonging to the Priory of the Carmelite Friars, and parcel of the possessions and revenues of the same, and also reversions of all the premises. Also rents reserved on any leases or grants of the premises, which are held of us in capite as it is said. To have and to hold to Henry Leighe and Isabella his wife and the heirs and assigns of Henry Leighe for ever of us and our heirs by Services due and reserved thereupon. In witness whereof, &c. Witness the King at Westminster, i8th February. APPENDIX No. 5. Abstract of the Inquisition' taken after the Death of Henry Leighe, OF London, Gentleman, the nominor of the Marigold, together with his will contained therein. Inquisition taken at the Guildhall in the City of London on the f^ of July in the tenth year of Queen Elizabeth, after the death of Henry Leighe of London, gentleman by the oathes of the jurors,' who say that on the 23'''' September, 34 Henry VI 1 1., the King granted to John Nasshe^ and Alice his wife, a messuage in St. Dunstans, Pleet Street for lives. He died and his wife survived him. By Letters Patent, dated at Westminster, 19"" January, 35 Henry VIII., the King granted the premises to Thomas Broke, Citizen and Merchant Taylor who on the 23'''* February of the same year alienated' the same to Henry Leighe. It was then in the tenure of John Onley, and now divided into three messuages, in the tenures of Henry Leighe, lately, John Burde and Roger Mellie, and which said messuage late in the tenure of Henry Leighe is now called the Marigowlde^ and a piece of land of seven ' Chanc. Inq. p. m., Vol. 149, No. 81, P.R.O. Translation from the Latin. ' Nineteen in number. ^ ^ page of the Chamber. " Sic, read i8th. s See Licence, p. 134-136, which sets out the boundaries. ^ The Marygold was in the tenure of John Wisendon, then in John Onley, after in EHzabeth Chippendale, Prioress of the House of the Carmelites, APPENDICES, 137 feet in the same parish of St. Dunstans and adjacent to the messuage in the tenure of Henry Leighe which was had by the licence of alienation to him and his wife Isabelle on the 18"" February. The jurors also say he was possessed of the Flower de Luce, in the said parish St. Dunstans. * * * On the 6th April 1568 the said Henry Leighe made his will thus : — The 1 " And as concerninge the Order and dispoticon of all my mesuages, Will. J " Lands, tenements and hereditaments, rents, reversions, and services " as well w*in the Citie of London and the suburbs therof as elswher w"'in " the Realme of England I will and demise in manner and forme followinge " ffirst I will that Alicee Leighe wief of my sone Gerrard Leigh shall have and " enioye for terme of her Lief naturall all that my dwellinge howse in fletstreat " called the Marigould with thappurtennces Accordinge to a certeane Lease by " me to her Letten and uppon such Condicons as in the said Lease is expressed " And allso all other my Lands, tentts, rentts, revercons and services lieinge " and beinge w'Mn the said Citie of London and the suburbs of the same w''*' " I ame at this daye seased of ether in possession or revercon To have and " to hould the same unto the said Alice duringe her naturall Lief for the better ' ' educacon and bringinge upe of the Children of my said sone Gerrard Leighe " And further I the said Henri Leighe by this my last will and testm do " give and bequeath all my said Lands tents, and hereditaments, rentts, " revercons and services as well w"'in the Citie of London and the suburbs " thereof as elswhere w*in the Realme of Englande the Queens Ma'"^' primer " season and other duties reserved and saved to her Ma"' accordinge to the " Lawe to Edwarde Leighe sone and heire of the said Gerard Leighe and to " his assignes for terme of the naturall Lief of the same Edward Leighe " w^'out impechment of wast and After his decease then to the ffirst begotten " sone of the boddy of the said Edwarde Leighe And to the heires males of " the boddie of the same ffirst begotten sone Lawfullie begotten And " fordefaulte of such Issue to the second and so on to the twelfth one after " another successively and to the heirs males of their several bodies lawfully " begotten. In default of such Issue then to Susan Leghe, Elizabeth Leigh, " Anne Leigh, Margarete Leigh t' and Alice Leighe daughters of the said " Gerard Leighe my sone and to the several heires of the severall boddies of " the said daughters and of the survivor and survivors and their heires " And for default to the heirs general of the boddie of the said Edward " Leiohe lawfullie begotten and for default of suche Issue to the right heires ' Sic. 138 APPENDICES. " of my cozen Henry Leighe the sone of Robert Lighe late of Estwicke in the " Countie of Hertford deceased and to their heires for ever." Two Provisos follow. The third Proviso : — " Provided all wayes and my mynd is that Margerie " Niccholson widdowe shall have and enioye frome and after the death of " Elizabeath my wief for and duringe the lief naturall of the same Margery e " one tenth' with thappurtennces of the yearlie rente of twentie shillings now " in the tenure or occupacon of William Blage Lienge or beinge in feter " Lane in the said prishe of St. Dunstans payinge yearlie for the same one " peppercorne and noe more yf yt be Lawfullie demanded and keppinge the " same tent in sufficient reparacons." The premises known as the Marygold were held of the Queen in capite by the service of one hundreth part of a knight's fee and valued in all issues beyond reprises ^14 o^- S''- The Flower de Luce was held of the Queen in free burgage by fealty only and not in capite and valued in all issues beyond reprises ;^io. On the 9"" of April last the said Henry Leigh died^ at London in St. Dunstans parish. Elizabeth, Henry Leigh's widow, died^ in London in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the West on the 14* of May in the same tenth year of Elizabeth's reign. Edward, son of Gerard Leighe is heir and aged at the death of his grandfather ...."• years 5 months 4 days. APPENDIX No. 6. Abstract of the Inquisition' taken after the Death of Edward Leighe, OF London, Gentleman, showing the Descent of the Premises known AS THE Marygold, in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. Inquisition taken at the Guildhall, in the City of London, June loth, in the 34th year of Queen Elizabeth before William Webb, Mayor & Escheator, ' The Flower de Luce, where Elizabeth, Henry Leigh's wife, died, known afterwards as the Fleur de Lis, a court in Fetter Lane still bearing the name. " Evidently at the Marygold. 3 At the Flower de Luce, Fetter Lane. * The years of age faded. 5 Chanc, Inq. p. m,, Vol. 232, No. 78, APPENDICES. 139 after the death of Edward Leighe, gentleman, upon the oathes of the Jury who say that Robert Grace late Citizen and Baker was seised of a messuage in Fleet Street, in the parish of St. Bride's. Also of a messuage or hospital call {sic) the Rose and divers tenements in West Smithfield, in the parish of St. Sepulchres, and so being seised declared his will bequeathing to Henry Leigh all his land and tenements in Fleet Street and Smithfield to hold the same for life and after his death to Garret' Leighe and his heirs lawfully begotten; which will was dated October i6th, 5th and 6th Philip and Mary. The said Garret' Leighe died in the lifetime of the said Henry Leighe leaving Edward Leighe his son who on the 23rd of September, 34th Elizabeth, gave and conceded to John Nashe a page of the chamber & Alice his wife the messuage or tenement in St. Dunstan in the West between the tenement of William Kyrbye on the West and the tenement of Robert Ducke on the East then in the tenure of William Kyrby and late in the tenure of John Bray and late belonging to the Friars Carmelites in the Suburbs of London now dissolved to hold to them for life. The said Alice survived him. After the King by Letters Patent dated January 19th, 35 Henry VHL gave to Thomas Brooke, Citizen and Merchant Taylor the reversion of the same. The jurors further say the said Edward was seised of premises in the tenures of John Wisenden, Elizabeth Chippingdall, John Onley, Henry Leighe,' [blank] Burden and Roger Mellye and which messuage in the tenure of Henry Leighe is called or known by the name of the Marigold. The jurors also say that the said Edward Leighe was also seised of a messuage called the Flower de Luce in the tenure of John Harward and after in Anthony Hickman in Fleet Stree The jurors also say the said Edward was seised of other tenements in Fewter Lane in the parish of St. Dunstans in the West belonging to the Priory of St. Mary Overy, Surrey. Henry Leighe declared his will^ April 6th 1568. The jurors found the said Edward was seised of a stable in the Whitefriars. He died on the 12th of June, 32 Elizabeth. The messuage in St. Brides was valued in all issues beyond reprises 205. The Rose ^os. The land and Messuage'' in Fleet Street, in St. Dunstan in the West was held of the Queen in Capite by the service of the hundredth part of a knight's fee and vabied in all ' i.e. Gerard. ° The Marygold was divided into three tenements which were in the tenures of the said Leighe, Burden and Mellye. 3 See Will set out in inquisition taken alter his death, p. 137. ^ The Marygold. 140 APPENDICES. issties beyond reprises £']. The Flower de Luce valued in the same way, at 135. \d. The Stable in Whitefriars also at 13^. d^d. Susan wife of John NicoUs, Anne wife of John Osborne, Margaret Nixon widow, relict of Robert Nixon deceased are sisters and coheirs of Edward Leighe. Susan aged 38, Anne aged 26, and Margaret 28, &c. APPENDIX No. 7. Abstract of the Inquisition' taken after the Death of Alice Leigh, LATE Wife of Gerrard Leigh, to whom the premises, known as the Marygoli), were given for life. An inquisition was taken at the Guildhall in the City of London on July ii'*" in the 19''' year of the reign of Elizabeth. The jurors found that the said Alice Leighe, late of London, widow was seised of two messuages and appurtenances in Chancery Lane, and two messuages or tenements in Fleet Street in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West. She left the Chancery Lane property to her daughter Elizabeth with remainder to Edward her son. Her other daughters were Alice, Susan, Margaret and Anne. She died January 13"" last. The Fleet Street property was held of the Queen as of her manor of East Greenwich in free socage and not in capite and valued in all issues beyond reprises, £b. APPENDIX No. 8. Abstract of the Licence of Alienation^ for Anthony Atwood, Gentleman, and Margaret, his Wife. Licence of Alienation for Anthony "1 The King to all to whom, &c., Greeting. Atwood, Gentleman, and others. J Know ye that we of our special Grace, &c. and for 20^. paid to our farmers by virtue of our Letters Patents — Have granted and given licence and for us ■ Chanc. Inq. p. m., Vol. 178, No. 37, P.R.O. ' Translation from the Latin Patent Roll, No. 1830, P.R.O. APPENDICES. 141 our heirs, &c. to our beloved Anthony Atwood, gentleman, and Margaret his wife, that they may give and grant, alienate or determine by fine or recovery before our court To our beloved John Waynwright a messuage and a curtilage with appurtenances in St. Dunstan in the West, London, which are held of us in capite as it is said To have and to hold to the use and behoof of the said John his heirs and assigns for ever by customary services for ever. Given at Westminster, ist March. [7 James I.j APPENDIX No. 9. Abstract of the Purchase of the Makygold by Fine' by John Waynwright. This is the final agreement between John Waynwright, plaintiff, and Anthony Atwood, gent, and Margaret his wife, of one messuage and one curtilage with appurtenances in St. Dunstan in the West. The said John gave Anthony & Margaret ^60. APPENDIX No. 10. Abstract of the Conveyance of the Premises known as the " Mary- gold," FROM Anthony Attwood and Margaret, his Wife, to John Wain WRIGHT.^ This Indenture made April 27th, 7 James I. Between Anthony Attwood of Addington, Kente, Gentleman and Margarett his wife of the one parte and John Wainrighte, Citizen and Merchant taylor of London of the other parte Witnesseth that for and in consideracon of the some of three hundred pounds of lawfull englishe money to him the said Anthony Atwood by the said John Wainwrighte paid &c. They the said Anthony and Margaret Atwood Have granted alyened bargayned sold and confirmed unto the said John " Feet of Fines, City of London, Easter Term, 7 James I., P.R.O. Translation. = Com. Pleas Deeds, Eecovery Roll, Easter, 7 James I., ro. 40, P.R.O. 2 A 142 APPENDICES. Wainwrighte "All that their howse or tenem' called the Marygolde with " thappurtenances wthall Cellars, sollers, shoppes, yardes backsides lights " wayes, passages easements profytts comodytyes emoluments and other " hereditaments whatsoever to the said howse or tenement belonginge or in " any wise appteyninge or therwith lawfully used and enioyed scituate lyinge " and beinge in the parishe of St. Dunstans in the West in or nere ffleete " streate, London sometymes granted by Kinge Henry the eight to one " Thomas Broke and his heires by his Letters Patents bearinge date at West- " minster the Nyiieteenth daye of January in the fyve and thirtyth yeare " of his Highnes raigne and afterwards alyened from the said Thomas Brooke " to Henry Leighe late of London gentleman and to Isabell his wife To " have and to hold to the said Henry and Isabell and to the heires of the " said Henrye for ever and now in the tenure or occupacon of one Thomas " ffretwell, Citizen and Merchant taylor of London &c. parcel of the posses- " sions of the late dissolved Priorye of the Carmelite ffryers in the suburbes " of the Cittie of London sometyme in the teanure of the said Henrye Leighe " or of his assignes and afterwards in the teanure of Robert Westwood or his " assignes And also all the reversions &c." Subject to a lease made by the said Anthony Attwood and Margaret, his wife, to said Robert Westwood for 21 years from 12th February, ist James I. at £2, 6^. ^d. per annum, and one other lease made by John Osberne, now or late of the City of London, pewterer, for the like term and like rent, and a lease made by John Nicolles and Susan, his wife, for the like term and rent, from the loth June, 39th Elizabeth. To have and to hold, &c. APPENDIX No. II. Abstract of the Fine' settling the Marygold as a Marriage Portion FOR Joane Everell, Widow, afterwards Joane Dixon. This is the final agreement &c. made Between Robert Dixon and Johanne Everell, widow, plaintiffs, and John Wainwright and Alice his wife, Defendants, in respect of one messuage with appurtenances in St. Dunstans in the West. ^100 paid. ' Feet of Fines, City of London, Mich. Term, 14 James I,, P.R.O. APPENDICES. 143 APPENDIX No. 12. Abstract of the Inquisition' taken after the Death of John Waynwright, at one time owner of the Marygold. An inquisition taken at the Guildhall, in the City of London, March 3"^, in the first year of Charles I. before Alan Cotton, Mayor and Escheator, to inquire after the death of John Waynwright, late of London, Merchant, and upon the oathes of Robert Saunders and other jurors ; who say that the said John Waynwright was seised, as of fee of and in one messuage with appurtenances called the Marigold, in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, Fleet Street and so being seised on the 26'^ October 14 James I. by the name of John Waynwright, Citizen and Merchant Taylor of London on the one part and Robert Dixon and Joane Everell, widow, by the name of Robert Dixon of the parish of St. Martin's in the Fields, Middlesex, Sadler and Joane Everell of London, widow, sole daughter and heir apparent of the said John Waynwright on the other part joined in a deed on the marriage to be solemnized between the said Robert and Joane whereby was conveyed the said messuage called the Marigold with appurtenances, with all Cellars, shops &c. to the same belonging situate in the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, Fleet Street and which was granted by Henry VIII. to Thomas Brooke and his heirs and was parcel of the possessions of the Carmelite Friars in the suburbs of the City of London and which the said John Waynwright gave by the indenture aforesaid to the said Robert Dixon and Joane Everell on the said marriage and to no other use. And the jurors further say he the said John Waynwright and Alice his wife levied a fine in Michaelmas Term 14 James I. to such uses. And the jurors also say that on the 22"'^ November following they were married and were afterwards seised of the messuage. They further say that on the 6'*' September i" Charles I. the said John Waynwright died and that the said Joane is his sole daughter and heir and of full age ; namely 30 years. And that the premises were held of the King in capite, by the 100'^ part of a knight's fee and valued in all issues beyond reprises ^4. ' Chanc. Inq. p. m., Vol. 442, No. 43, P.R.O. Translation. 2 A 2 144 APPENDICES. APPENDIX No. 13. Extract from the Will' of John Waynewright Citizen & Merchant Taylor, of the parish of St. Dunstans in the West, in the suburbes of the citty of london, dated 1 5 july 1625. " First my will & minde is that my daughter Johan Dixon & her " husband Robert Dixon & their heires shall peaceablie & quietly hould and " enioye all the proffits & benefitts yfsueinge accrewinge & growinge out of the " house or Taverne sometyme knowne by the name or sign of the Marygould " & now called or knowne by the name or signe of the Man in the Moone " scituate lyeinge and beinge in ffleetestreete in the said parish of St. Dunstans " in the West." Proved P.C.C. 6 Sept. 1625. Note of the Will of Allice Wainwrite (widow of preceeding) of the parish of St. Dunstan in the West, dated 6 Sept. 1625, & Proved P.C.C. 30 Sept. 1625. "Clarke" loi. APPENDIX No. 14. Transcript of the Privy Seal and Signed Bill 6 Charles I. No. 206. City of London. Robert Dixon in right of his wife. fforasmuch as the Office founde after the death of John Waynewright merchant of the parish of St. Dunstans in the Citty of London deceased the vi'"* day of September in the first yeare of the raigne of o' soveraigne Lord Kinge Charles of England &c. doth set forth that the said John was in his life- time seised in his demesne as of ffee of and in one messuage w* thappurtinances called the Marygold in the parish of St. Dunstan in ffleet street London holden ' "Clarke" 90. [Kindly communicated by the late Rev. F. C. Cass, of Monken Hadley, Herts.] APPENDICES. 145 of o' Soveraigne Lorde the Kinge in Capite beinge of the cleare yearely value of V' and not above as by the said office and servey of the ffeodary of the said Citty appeareth And Robert Dixon and Jone his wife as in the right of the said Joane daughter and next heire of the said John Waynewright havinge cleared themselves of allthinges due to his Ma''" out of the premisses in the Courte of Wards and Liveryes from the death of the said John unto the day of the date hereof Prayen there Generall avery (by reason of the states founde in the said Office of a thirde parte of the premisses only) w^"" thirde parte according to the rates afforesaid is of the cleare yearely value of xxxiii^' iiii'^- You may therefore procede w* the said General Avery accordinge to the Course of the Common Lawe w'^'out further search to be made in his Ma"''" Courte of Wards and Liveryes for the same dated the Tenth day of November in the Sixte yeare of the raigne of o' Soueraigne Lord Charles by the grace of God of England, Scotland, ffiaunce and Ireland, Kinge defend' of the faith, &c. Examined by J oh. Raymond, Deputy Clerk of the Liveries. T. R. Apud Westm'- XX"* day of November. 6 Charles L Ben. Rudyerd. Wal. Pye. Ex' for Rat : by Jo Tooke. W. ffletewood. Auditor. APPENDIX No. 15. Abstract of the Licence of Alienation from Robert Dixon, and Joane, his Wife, to Elizabeth Hampden, Widow.' Of licence of Alienation fori The King to all to whom &c. Greeting Dixon and his wife. J Know ye that we &c. and for 40^. paid to our father's by virtue of our Letters Patent have Granted &c. to Robert Dixon and Joane his wife that they may give and grant by fine or recovery at the ' Translation from the Latin. Patent Roll, No. 2582, no. 76, P.R.O. 146 APPENDICES. will of the said Robert and Joane to our beloved Elizabeth Hampden, widow, a messuage with the appurtenances in St. Dunstan's in the West in London. Held of us in capite. To have and to hold to the said Elizabeth her heirs and assigns for ever of us our heirs and assigns for ever. Witnessed at Westminster 1=' November. APPENDIX No. 16. Abstract of the Purchase of the Marygold by Fine by Elizabeth Hampden.' This is the final agreement &c. made between Elizabeth Hampden widow plaintiff and Robert Dixon and Joane his wife defendants of one messuage with appurtenances in St. Dunstan's in the West. The said Elizabeth gave the said Robert and Joane ;!f 120. APPENDIX No. 17. Abstract of the Particulars of Fee Farm^ Rents remaining in the Crown temp. Charles II. Parcel of lands and possessions late of the House of the Friars Carmelites in the City of London. An annual rent or tenth reserved of a tenement^ in the parish of St. Dunstan in Fleet Street formerly in the tenure of Richard'' Lee and granted to Thomas Brooke by letters patent dated at Westminster 19"" January 35"" Henry VIII. rendering at the Feast of St. Michael Si-. An annual rent of 3^. Zd. rent reserved for one other tenement in the same parish. ■ Feet of Fines, City of London, Michaelmas Term, 7 Charles I., package 24, P.R.O. Translation. ' London and Middlesex, Car. II., roll 51, Nos. 274-5, P.R.O. The Marygold. ■* Should be Henry Lee. APPENDICES. 147 APPENDIX No. 18. Abstract of the Will of John Land.' I John Land of the parrish of St. Martin's Ludgate in London Gent. . . . . my body I commit to the earth willing it to be buryed in a decent manner by my executors hereafter named in the parrish church of the parrish where I shall happen to decease and that my Executors doe not expend above the sum of Eighty pounds upon my funerall .... I give and devise all my freehold messuage or Tenement with the appurtenances scituate lying and being in Fleet Street on the southside of the same Street Next adjoining to Temple barr in the parrish of St. Dunstans in the West in London now in the tenure of Sir Fran : Child Knight and Alderman of London to the Minister Churchwardens of the parrish of St. Dunstans in the West in London & their successors Ministers & Churchwardens of the same parrish for ever upon Trust and Confidence nevertheless that the said Minister & Churchwardens of the said parrish shall yearly and every yeare for ever pay and dispose of the rent of the said Messuage or Tenement & premisses being Sixty Pounds per annum of lawful mony of England from the time of my decease to six of the most poor and indigent freemen of London of the age of sixty yeares or upwards inhabiting within the said parrish of St. Dunstans in the West in London by Ten pounds apeece by quarterly payments (that is to say upon the feast days of the birth of our Lord God the Annunciacion of the blessed Virgin Mary the Nativity of St. John baptist & St. Michael the Archangell) by even and equal porcons the first payment thereof to be made upon the Next of the said feast that shall happen after my decease and I doe will that the said six poor men soe as aforesaid to receive the said ten pounds per ann. apeece shall be men of good report & Testimony of their pyety & honesty & full Sixty yeares of age apeece at the least and that the Minister Church- wardens and Vestrymen of the said parrish of St. Dunstans in the West London for the time being shall have the Nomination of the six poor & indigent men & soe as often from time to time as they shall think fit & ' From " Henry VII., Prince Arthur, and Cardinal Morton." By Rev. T. Mozley. Londcn, 1877. 148 APPENDICES, if it shall happen that the said messuage or tenement shall hereafter bee let for above the yearly rent of Sixty pounds then I doe will that all such rent over & above the said Sixty pounds per ann. shall be paid to such poor men inhabitants of the said parrish & in such manner as the Minister Churchwardens & Vestrymen of the same parrish for the time being shall that think fit. Item I give and devise all that my other freehold messuage or tenement with the appurtenances commonly called or known by the name of Sugar loafe and green lettice scituate lying and being in fleete street aforesaid on the Southside of the same Street & adjoyning to the said last mentioned messuage or tenement & late in the tenure or occupacion of J no. Button cooke or his assignes & now or late in the tenure of or occupacion of Wm. Biggons or his assignes & in the parrish of St. Dunstans in the West in London to the Minister & Churchwardens of the said parrish of St. Dunstans & to their successors Ministers & Church- wardens of the same parrish for ever upon trust & confidence nevertheless that the said Minister & Churchwardens of the same parrish for the time being doe and shall yearly & every year for ever pay and dispose of thirty pounds per ann. being one moyety or halfe part of the rents & profitts of the last mencioned messuage or tenement soe to them devised as aforesaid to three poore Widdows of good report and widdows of honest freemen of the Citty of London by ten pounds apeece & to be paid to them by quarterly payments & doe & shall allsoe pay & dispose of thirty pounds per ann. the other moyety or halfe part of the rents issues & profits of the said last mencioned messuage yearly and every yeare for ever for and towards the putting out to prentice to some honest trades three poor Children of poor and honest freemen of London and I doe will that the Minister Churchwardens & Vestrymen of the said parrish of St. Dunstans in the West in London for the time being shall yearly have the nominacion of the said three poor widdows & three poor boys for ever and I desire them to take care that the rents issues and profits of my said two messuages or tenements soe devised to the said Ministers and Churchwardens as aforesaid bee yearly disposed off in manner as aforesaid and according to the true intent and meaning of this my will Item I give and bequeath to Christ Hospitall in London fifty pounds Item I give to five poore boys of St. Dunstans parrish aforesaid to putt them out to bee apprentices fifty pounds .... to my cozen Thomas Death senr. two hundred pounds for a legacye and mourning .... To my cozen APPENDICES. 149 Thomas Death junr. twenty pounds and allsoe my Aggate Scale to my cozen J no. Land senr. five pounds .... to Wm. Land senr. five pounds • • • to Robt. Land of Plymtree five pounds and to his son J no. five pounds . . . . to my Godson Richard Land son of Wm. Land senr. twenty pounds my Cornelian ring sett in silver and all my bound bookes . . . . Item it is my desire that rings of ten shillings vallue apeece bee given att my funerall and that a mantle of marble of the value of one hundred pounds be sett over or near the grave in the Church where I shall bee buryed and that fifty pounds be distributed to the poor of the parish where I shall decease .... Item I give to the Hospital! of Bethlem one hundred pounds . . . . to Sir Franc. Child and to my Lady Child his wife ten pounds apeece for mourning .... Dated April 26 1697, with a codicil Sep. II 1697. Imprimis I give to the Lady Blagrave of Whitton in the County of Middlesex the sum of forty pounds. Item I give to the said Lady Blagraves son Joseph Taylor and to the daughter Ellanah Blagrave the sum of five pounds apeece to buy them mourning. Item I give to Jane Lockmore of Whitton aforesaid two pounds. Item I give to all the servants male and female of the family where I shall happen to reside at the time of my decease the sum of twenty shillings apeece Except the Cooke servant and to him or her I give forty. Item I give to Mr. Rogers partner to S' Fran. Child of London Gouldsmith the sum of tenn pounds. Item I give to Christ Church Hospitall in London the sum of fifty pounds more then what I have already given the said Hospitall in my will .... Item I give to my Godson Richard Land son of Wm. Land of Silferton in the County of Devon the sum of fifteen pounds more then what I have allready given him Item I give and bequeath unto the said Lady Blagrave my silver pendulum watch. 2 B 1 50 APPENDICES. APPENDIX No. 19. Abstract of the Will' of Richard Land, Father of John Land. I Richard Land of London, merchant. . . give unto my loving wife and to my only son John Land my whole estate equally to be divided betwixt them. Item I give to Nathaniel Lodington and Thomas Oneby mourning. Item I make my wife full executrix. Item I give to William and Joseph Richerson five pounds each for mourning. Item I give to William Perry and Anne Perry three pounds each for mourning. Item I give to my cousin Catherine Richerson four pounds for mourning. Dated 27 March 1667, Probate 19 June 1667. Elizabeth wife executrix. APPENDIX No. 20. Commission^ to John Land to Administer the Estate of Elizabeth Land, his Mother. 28 Nov. 1 68 1. A commission was issued to John Land son of Elizabeth Land, late of the parish of St. Lawrence Jewry, London, to administer &c. ' P.C.C. "Carr," fo. 88. ' Admon. Book, 1681, folio 138, P.C.C. APPENDICES. 151 APPENDIX No. 21. Complaint of the Goldsmiths' Company relative to Goldsmiths carrying ON business in remote places, such as Fleet Street, Strand, &c. and not within the walls of London.' To the right ho''''- the Lords & others of his Ma"- most honorable Privy Councell. The humble certificat of the Wardens of the Mistery of Goldsmithes of the Citty of London. May it please you to bee certified that notw^'standinge the Companyes endeauors and proceedinges (w'''' are to tedious to incert but ready to bee shewed unto yo' hono'^) in the pursuance of the orders of this hob'° Board of the la"' of November and 23 of January last, for supplyeing of the Gold- smithes Rowes in Cheapside and Lumbard streete w"' Goldsmithes there is but a small reformacon effected Wherefore the Company haueing done as much as in them lyeth humblie present unto yo' LorP^ In the first place the names of such persons of meane trades as formerly submitted themselves to yo' Lor''^ order and promised to Let their shopps accordingly and In the second place the names of such Goldsmithes as alsoe submitted to the said order for to procure themselues shopps accordinge to the Contents thereof and neither of them performinge the same, Wherein the Company referr them- selues for such farther proceedings as in yo' Hob'' and graue wisdomes shalbee thought fitt concerninge the same Humblie desiringe that the reformacon may be generall in reducinge all goldsmithes to dwell togeather as ne[ar] as conveniency will permitt and that (Cheapside and Lumbard street being supplyed) all other goldsmithes may bee enforced to seate them [selves] w"'in the Walls of London and not elsewhere ffor if any goldsmith shalbee permitted to keepe shop in ffleet street or the Strand as some haue lately indeauored to alter yo' honors former intencons (grounded upon serious consideracon and his Mat' especiall direction) by procuring a letter from this Ho'''' Board to the Lord Maior of London to that effect. Then will the number of Goldsmithes shopps in Cheapside and Lumbard streete suddenly bee sooner decreased then any way augmented and the abuses and disorders intended by this Ho'"'' Board to bee suppressed wilbee daylie contynued and increased. ■ State Papers, Charles I. Volume 293, No. 3, P.R.O. 2 B 2 152 APPENDICES. The names of such persons as have not Let their shopps accordinge to their submission to the said order. IN Francis Wolley, silkeman. John Bartlett, staconer. Francis Church, staconer. Godfry Reeue, milliner. CHEAPSIDE. John Douer perfumer and sempster. Robert Browne sempster. Edward Alsopp, silkeman. Thomas Holmes, hab** of small wares. IN LUMBARDSTREET. Vssard Medcalfe, Cooke. William Wilmore, sheeregrinder. Thomas Norton, silkeman. Samel Dye m'chant. Thomas Gill, staconer. Roger Daniell, staconer. Simon Gi . . . . er, staconer. The names of such goldsmithes in remote places as have not seated themselves in Cheapside or Lumbard street accordinge to the said order. Suspended from ye > Giles Allen — in ffleet streete. Assistants & >John Prince — ffanchurch streete. Liuery J Michael Barksted "1 c. j George Courthopp J William Maddoxe — Southwarke. William Ellingworth — fHeetbridge. James East, Thomas Paulson, John Richardson, Nicholas Pope, Thomas Turner, John Pargiter, Richard Louett, Francis Allen, James Llewellin, Henry Harrison, Hugh Vaughan, John Hall, James Prince, William Wheeler, John Smyth, 1 y ffleet streete. ' Strand. j-w""!!! Algate. APPENDICES. 153 HOLBORNE. Druce Levett, John Kettle, Charles Cockyn, Thomas Vyncent. William Shorden — Tower streete. Thomas Dayntrye— w'''out Algate. John TrevilHan Thomas Tatnett William Bixe John Smyth ^ffanchurch streete. Richard Marshe William Thompson — neere the old Jury. Bartholomew Pitman-] Thomas Oldnoll >Westm'. Henry Radley J Edward Mitchell — Strand. More remote goldsmitiies. William Goodwyn — Smithfeild. John Rogers — great St. Bartholomews. ffrancis Baker ^^ Joseph Walter >Holborne. Edward Pitman J William Porter ■] William Thompson ^ffleet streete. Thomas Malcott J Timothy Cooper — Chancery Lane. Robert Herring") „ , '^ ^Strand. James Inman J Thomas Paulson 1 o 1 i ^Southwarke. 1 homas Maundy J Primo Julii, 1635. Endorsed : — Mr. Wardeins of the goldsmithes certificat about the Rowes in Cheapside & Lumbardstreete. t54 APPENDICES. APPENDIX No. 22. Petition of Henry Cogan and Docquet appointing him and William Wheeler, Esq., Comptrollers of the Mint.' The Humble peticon of Henry Cogan Comptroller of yo' Ma" Mynt within ye Tower of London, Humblie Sheweth, That Whearas yo' Ma''° was graciouslie pleased about 13 yeares past to grant unto yo' pet"^ under the great scale of England, the Reversion of the said Office during his life after the decease of Richard Rogers then Comptroller w"' the yearlie ffee of 100 marks to bee paid by the Warden of the Mynt for the time beeing &c. Whereupon the said Richard Rogers did take unto him for his ease and the benefitt of yo' Ma" seruice the peticon' to assist him in the execution of his said Office w""*" he did performe about 1 2 yeares before the death of the said Richard Rogers. Now for that it is requisite that the said Office should be always supplied with one able and sufficient man well practised in the understanding and execucon of yo' Ma" service in that place. Male it therefore please yo' Ma''° upon the humble suite of this pet' and the surrender of his former Patent graciouslie to regrant unto yo' pet' and to William Wheeler, Esq., during their lives and the longest liver of them the said Office of Comptroller of yo' Ma" Mynt in the Tower of London with such ffees &c. as were contained in the former patents w*^*" will bee noe increase of charge unto yo' Ma'"' but wilbee more secure for yo' Ma" service and some ease and benefitt to yo' pet' who in all humble dutie shall ever pray for yo' Ma" happines and prosperitie. [1638.] Docquet. February 4th, 1639. The Office of Comptroller of his Ma" Mint in the Tower of London to Henrie Cogan and William Wheeler, Esq., for their lives and the longer liver of them w"' a fee of 100 m''' per annum and other profitts belonging to the said Office His Ma" pleasure signifeid by S'. Thomas Aylesberie subscribed by M'. Attorney and p". by S'. Tho^ Aylesberie. ■ State Papers, D.S. Charles I., Vol. 406, No. 25, P.R.O. APPENDICES. 155 APPENDIX No. 23. Extracts from the Will' ok Robert Blanchard, which was dated 17 Aug., 1680. Codicil 27 May, 1681. Proved 15 June, 1681. I Robert Blanchard cittizen and goldsmith of London do bequeath my lands in Hayes, Co. Middlesex, to my friends Mr. Christopher Cratford Mr. Francis Child and Mr. John East in Trust for (i) ;^8o per annum to my sister Mrs. Alice Veel for life and after her death to Richard Blanchard of Westminster, eldest son of Thomas Blanchard of Ringwood, co. Hants, who was son of Arthur Blanchard brother to my late father Thomas Blanchard deceased, and whereas my wife is seized of two houses near the Savoy, she to give the same to her grandson Robert Child, my copyhold in Fulham to my wife for life and after to Elizabeth Child her daughter for life, remainder to Martha Child granddaughter of my said wife and hers for ever. To my wife my houses in Fleet Street and Blackfryars and at her death to her grandsonne John Child. To Christ Church Hospitall ... ;^ioo. To Bedlam ... ... ... .;^ioo. To poor of S'. Dunstan's West ... ;^io. " I give five pounds to the Poore of Fullham on Fullham syde to be given and distributed by the Vestry to such as are old and have been sober honest laborious and frequenters of the Church. My will also is that my body be decently buryed in the Parish Church of Fullham in the said Countie of Middlesex and that it may there quietly remain, I desire to bee layd as deepe in the ground as conveniently may be. I give therefore forty shillings yearly and every yeare for ever, visK Tenne shillings to the Minister or Vicar five shillings to the Churchwarden, three shillings to the clarke and two shillings to the Sexton for the time being, the remayning twenty shillings to bee layd out in good bread and given to Twenty poore people on Fullham side that have been honest laborious and of good report. " The first payment and distribution thereof to be made on the first Lord's day next ensuing yeare from my decease and so every yeare for Ever ' P.CC. " North," June, 87. 156 APPENDICES. at the discretion of the Minister and Churchwardens. Allways provided and it be understood that it be so long continued and payd and noe longer than the place of my enterrment (except for the buriall of a relation or the repayre of what covers the gound) remayne undugg or undisturbed the fforty shillings I will to bee payd out of my houses in or neere Parsonage Green as aforesaid." My wife Martha sole extrix. Written with own hand and signed 17 Aug. 1680. Codicil 27 May 1681 gives to Goldsmith's Co. ;^200 for use of their widows. My son-in-law Francis Child. Proved 15 June 1681 by Martha Child the relict and sole executrix. APPENDIX No. 24. The Executors of Madam Eleanor Gwyn. Cr. Dr. 1687 I s. d. £ s. d. Dec. 19. Rece"* p' Sir Steph Fox ... 2300 o o Paid Lent on Plate 4600 o o Jan"*. 7. Rec'^p' 14443°' of plate, 5j. 3 the money xtc^ of Sir Steven Fox 10 2300 Day last 130 May I. Paid S' Benj Bathurst six pence Oct'. 15. Rec"^ of the Farmers of Log- in the pound 3 5 wood 500 9- Paid the Lady Holyman Paid Mr Tho Caray 10 II. 120 J685 6 28. Paid Sam Helton Cook Paid Mr Stokes for Mr Danvers 12 I 4 June 2. 13 jj Paid Mr Rob Johnson 34 5 ° 8. Paid Mrs Rebecca Mee Paid Mr W°> Wheatley 36 71 15- Paid Mr Re Beauvoir 207 >) Paid Mrs Eliz* Robinson 15 16 16. Paid Mr Sam Aubery 25S 22. Paid Mrs Frances Sherrock ... 100 July 4. Paid Exeo's of P' Geedren 59 10 6. Paid Lady Holyman 600 7- Paid Eliz* Hawks Wed 5 7 Oct'. 23. Paid Mr Walt' Baynes 50 24. Paid Lady Holyman 6 ID )) Paid W'" Barnesley Esq' 120 Nov. 10. Paid Mr Fer Watkins 10 IS- Paid Mr Dan Skinner for L Dover 33 10 17- Paid Dr Christian Harel 109 o 24. Paid Jam Joyce 17 4584 13 II Dec. 24. Paid to Rob' Sawyers 0^ to Mrs Grigson 1000 Dec. 29. Paid Mrs Russell in full Paid Ladv Holyman 162 6 10 31. Paid Guy Foster Esq' and his Wife „ Paid Mr Jos. Fells for EUz* Leverett „ Paid Lady Fairbourne „ Paid Hen Robins in full „ Paid Dr Tennison „ Paid Bridgett Long 6 SO 68 100 10 5227 3 II 2 C 158 APPENDICES. The Executors of Madam Gwynn. Cr. Dr. £ s. d. £ s. d. Brought over Received .., 3685 o 6 1688 Brought over Paid 5227 3 11 Jan. 4. Paid Mr Grigson charges for probate of second codicile ... 11 i 10 „ Paid Mr Guy Foster and Rose his Wife ,, Paid Bridget Willson Widow ... ,, Paid Mr. Hen. Ridgeley 5. Paid Mr Derrick ,, Paid Mr John Renny and D. Campbell ,, Paid Mr Math Cupper „ Paid Mr Quan DOllivier „ Paid Mr Kneller „ Paid Dr Le Fevre „ Paid Dr Harrold „ Pail Mr Moreton „ Paid Eliz* Hawkes „ P.iid severall small Debts p' Mr. Grigson 8. Paid Mr Chase Apothecarry ... 9. Paid Edm<' Bowlesworth II. Paid Dr Lower I;!. Paid Mr Fuller Seedsman „ Paid Mr Cross Picture Drawer „ Paid Mr Ja^ Whitfield and Mrs May Jan 7 16. Paid Dr Lister 17. Paid Mr Lambe Cook ... ,, Paid Mr Gaultier for Wine 21. Paid Mr Rich'' Grigson to pay Debts 23. Paid Hen: Kent Footman ,, Paid John Berry Porter 25. Paid Mr Warner „ Paid Mr Warner for Mr Will : Cholmley , , Paid Dr Tennison and Mr Warner 26. Paid Mr Math: Phillbois ,, Paid Mr Fran: Isaack Feb. 6. Paid Mr Chalmer 12. Paid Mr Pryor 18. Paid Mr Rich: Grigson 20. Paid Mr Eaton , , Paid Sedgwick Mar. I. Paid Mrs Edlyn ,, Paid Mrs Lyons p' Mr Grigson „ Paid Mrs Bridgettp' Mr Grigson 240 25 18 10 190 20 57 90 60 60 15 10 97 I 4 26 9 30 50 II 31 36 60 29 39 138 17 6 6 8 50 100 50 17 12 10 10 122 13 20 10 15 17 7041 13 7 1689. April 8. Oct' 17. 1690. April 8. Octob. 21. Cr. Brought from fol 167 Reo^ ... Rec"i of Mr Benj Bartlett p' Wm Waterman Red^ Left Logwood money Rec'' of Mr Benj Bartlett p' Mr William Waterman ... Rec^" of Wm Waterman APPENDICES. The Executors of Madame Gwynne. 159 £ 3685 500 SCO 399 425 d. 6 o o Dr. 5509 9 8 1691. 20 Rec of Mr W. Waterson 489 12 o July 20. Rec'' of Duke of St Albans pursuant to a decree in Chancery in full of al Ace' 1688. Brought from fol 161 P* Mar. 19. Paid Wm Read p' Mr Grigson... ,, Paid Wm Pickering p'^ Mr Grigson „ Paid Hen: Coates p' Mr Grigson 30. Paid Lady Plolyman 1689. Paid Mr Grigson May 6th 27. Paid Earle of Pembroke 29. Paid Lord Sidney Vise' of Sheppy May I. Paid Rob Sawyer 2. Paid Earle of Rochester June 20. Paid Lady Hollyman July 23. Paid Mr Long Ocf 18. Paid Lady Hollyman Nov. 15. Paid Mrs Bridget Longe 27. Paid Ann Smith Dec. 2. Paid Robert Wing 20. Paid Edmi for Straatman Scheel & Citters... £ s. 2500 o 400 o 2150 o d. Per Contra. Drs. Delt" a ring for Baron Lowe Envoy from ye Bp. of Leige £ s. 200 o o King 1692 Mar. II. Delt^aring for the Envoy from ye Elecf of Brunswick & Lunenburgh 300 o o Del'' a ring to ye Envoy from the Elector of Bavaria ... 350 o o DeH a ring to the Deputy from Hambourgh ... ... ... 200 o o Del'' a ring to Count Oxenstern Envoy from ye K. of Sweeden 400 o o Del^i a ring to D' Simon de Sasa Envoy from y" K. of Portugall 400 o o Del'' a ring to Bar" De Groetz Envoy from the Elecf of Brunswick 300 o o 1693 Jan. 12. DeH a Jewell to Mons'' Straat- man Envoy from ye Emperor looo o o Apl. 25. Del" a ring for Mons' Sheel Envoy from ye K. of Den- mark 350 o o May 12. DeH a ring for Mons' Cittens Ambassad' in Ordinary from ye States Gen" of ye United Provinces 800 o o 23204 o o ;^23204 o o 169s 94/S Aug. 13. Rec''ofye Excheq' per Tallyes Feb. 26. Del" a ring for Mons' De Rivera of pro... ... ... ... 2000 o o Envoy from Bavaria... 96 DeH a ring for Mons' Tetto Feb. 12. Rec"ofye Excheq' per Tallyes Envoy from ye Langrave of of pro 2300 o o Hess Castle 35° o o 164 APPENDICES. The King & Queen's Maj''==- Crs. 97 May I. Rec'' for Buttons & setting buttons 1698 Jan. 16. Rec"" for a Jewell d d to Abot Scarlotty £ 16 400 Per Contra. Dks. 95 Apl. 16. DeH a ring for Count Rantzau Envoy from ye K of Den- mark ... May 3. Del'' Count Le Borckleir Envoy from Savoy a Jewell... Ditto Del^l Barron Blombergh Envoy from ye Duke of Blembergh a ring of Ditto Del'^ to Barron De Vestbruck Envoy Extraord from the Elect' Pallatine a Ring of . . . Del'' a ring Mar 18 to ... . Envoy from the Duke of Bromswick for 3 paire of Gold Buttons finely Enameld Dec. 14. for a ring del'' for a ring def Feb. 22. for new setting 2 paire of Brillion Buttons 96 May 23. For 2 Jewells for ye Venetian Ambassadors at Sep. 22. Del'' a Jewell sett with ye K picture for Abbe Scarlotty Envoy from ye EUecf of Bavaria £ ^- a. 350 o o 300 o o 200 o o 300 o o 12 300 400 1600 o o 400 ;,f47i6 o o ;f47i6 Memorand™ Left a privy seal at y'= Excheq' for 20000 for Jewells in July '95 The K'^ Jewellers fees are Tellers 4^ per cent Their Clerks I* per cent Audits 12= 6'' per cent for warr' & Letter 2= 6"^ each 5 per cent ye same at ye pells PL. XXVII. 333^ .%- Qto -u^ 00:0:0 fOQo 7 TWO PAGES GIVING PARTICULARS, OF JEWELS IN SIR FRANCIS CHILD'S LEDGER, To face page 164. IN HIS OWN WRITING. DATE ABOUT 1700. /^jC-^ ^u^cr^^^ (X •OCT Q ^^fJ^y^ ty^^f'^^if-—--. /(X> U /Aa^ CUU^^ 2^ - Joe -7^ APPENDICES. i6t APPENDIX No. 27. CHARLES R. Our will and pleasure is that you forthwith prepare a Bill for our Royall Signature to pass Our great Seale in these words or to this effect. — Charles the Second by the grace of God of England Scotland Ffrance and Ireland King Defend of the Faith Sic" To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting Whereas since the time of Our happy Restoracon we have been involved in Great Forreigne Warrs as well for the Safety of Our Governmen' as for the vindicacon of the Rights and privileges of Our Subjects In the prosecucon whereof we have been constrayned for some years past contrary to Our Inclinacons to postpone the paym' of the moneys due from us to Several Goldsmiths & others upon Talleys Struck and Orders Registred on & payable out of Severall Branches of Our Revenue and otherwise And although the present Posture of Our affaires cannot reasonably spare so greate a sum as must be applied to the Satisfaction of those debts Yet considering the great difficultys which very many of Our Loving Subjects (who putt their moneys into the hands of those Goldsmiths & others from whom We received it) doe at present life under almost to their utter ruine for want of their said moneys We have rather chose out of Our princely care & compassion towards Our people to suffer in Our owne Affaires then that Our Loving Subjects should want Soe seasonable a Releife, And having seriously considered of the way & means effect this Our present purpose We could not find any more effectuall & less prejudiciall to Us in the present posture of Our Revenu' then by granting to each of them the said Goldsmiths & others to whom We are indebted as aforesaid respectively and to his & their respective heires & Assignes an annuall sum or paym' answerable in value yearly to the Interest of their respective debts at the rate of Six pounds ^ Cent ^ Annum for all such moneys as are due unto them, The consideracon whereof induced us to command Our high Trear of England to cause all the Accompts of the said Goldsmiths to be stated and made up by Richard Aldworth Esq' (one of Our Auditors) to the first day of January One thousand Six hundred Seventy Six Which having been accordingly cast up and Settled, it appeares thereby that there is due & owing by Us unto Our 2 D 1 66 APPENDICES. trusty and wellbeloved Subject Edward Bakewell of London Esq' y'' Sum of two hundred ninety five thousand nine hundred ninety foure pounds sixteen shillings and sixpence. In satisfaction whereof according to Our intent in these presents expressed We have resolved to grant unto him the sum of Seventeene thousand seaven hundred fififty nine pounds thirteene shillings & Eight pence f" annum Out of that part of Our Revenue of Excise which was granted unto Us Our heires and Successors for ever by an Act of Parliam' made in the twelveth yeare of Our Reigne Entituled (An Act for taking away the Court of Wards & Liverys & Tenures in Capite and by Knights Service & Purveyance and for Settling a Revenue upon his Ma'^ in lieu thereof Know ye therefore that We for the consideracon aforesaid and in Satisfaction or Lieu of the said debt or sum of Two hundred ninety five thousand nine hundred ninety foure pounds Sixteene shillings & sixpence by Us owing to the said Edward Backwell Esq^ and of Our especiall grace certaine knowledge & meer mocon Have given and granted & by these presents for Us Our heires & succ'^ doe give & grant unto the said Edward Backwell Esq"", his heires and Assignes one Annuall or yearly Rent or sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred fififty nine pounds Thirteen shills and Eight pence of lawfull money of England to be yearly had received & taken by the said Edward Backwell Esq', his heires and Assignes for ever Out of the Rents Revenues Profits Perquisites Emoluments and payments reserved arising accruing or coming or that hereafter shall or may be received arise accrue or become due or payable unto Us Our heires & succ'' out of for or by reason of the duty of Excise upon beer ale & other Liquors within our Kingdome of England Dominion of Wales or Towne of Berwick upon Twede by virtue of the said Act of Parliam'. The said sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings & Eight pence c|p annu to be payd Quarterly at the foure most usuall ffeasts in the yeare (that is to say) at the ffeasts of the Annuntiacon of the blessed Virgin Mary the Nativity of S' John Baptist St. Michael the Archangell and the birth of Our Lord God commonly called Christmas by even & equall Porcons In trust for such of the Creditors of the said Edward Backwell Esq', as within one yeare next ensuing the date hereof shall upon notice of these presents deliver up their securitys & accept of Assignem" of Proporconable parts of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred fififty nine pounds thirteene shillings and Eight pence for satisfaction of their respective debts (according to the true intent and meaning of the Covenant in that behalfe herein after APPENDICES. 167 conteyned for so much as their proporconable parts shall amount unto, and in the meanetime shall not sue or prosecute the said Edward Backwell his heires Exec" or Adm'^ for such their debts, and the residue and overplus of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills and eight pence to remayne & be to and for the proper use and benefit of the said Edward Backwell his heires and Assignes without any Trust or accon' whatsoever The first paym' of the said sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills & eight pence to comence from the feast of the birth of Our Lord God 1676 And We doe for Us Our heires and succ" authorize direct and appoint Our High Trear Chancellor & under Trear Chamberlaines & Barons of Our Excheq. and the high Trear & Com"^ of the Treary Chancell' under Trear' Chamberlaines & Barons of the Excheq' of Us Our heires and succ'^ that hereafter shall be and all other Officers & Ministers of the said Court and of the Rec' thereof now being or that hereafter shall be, that they and every of them in their respective places do from time to time upon the request of the said Edward Backwell his heirs or Assignes respectively performe all Acts necessary for the constant & due paym' of the said yearly rent or sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteen shills & eightpence to the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes as the same shall grow due & become payable & of every such part & parts as the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes shall grant or assigne to any person or persons from time to time according to y^ Trust & agreem' in that behalfe herein conteyned And as occasion shall be Levy or strike or cause to be Levyd or stricken in the Receipt of the Excheq' of Us Our heirs and succ" from time to time Tallys of Pro or Assignement or other Tallys as the case may require and as shall be desired upon the Com'". Trears Receivers Colle^'tors or ffarmors of the said duty and Revenue for the time being or upon such other person or Person as ought to be charged or chargeable therewith or accomptable to Us Our heires and successors for the same. Who are hereby required and directed from time to time to make due paym'. thereof accordingly soe that the said Edward Backwell his heires and Assignes respectively of all or any part or parts thereof may certainly and duely and on every of the said Quarterly ffeast dayes afore menconed for ever hereafter have and receive the said yearly rent or sum of seauenteene thousand seauen hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings and eightpence hereby granted out of Our said Revenue without any further or other 2 D 2 1 68 APPENDICES. warrant to be sued for had or obteyned from Us Our heires and successors in that behalfe and without any acco'. Imprest or other charge to be sett upon the said Edward Backwell his heires or assignes or any of them for the same, And if shall happen at any time hereafter that the Rents Issues and profits of Our said Revenue shall be payd into the Receipt of Our Exheq^ or else where to the use of Us Our heires or successors before the levying of such Tallys or before paym'. be made to the said Edward Backwell his heires or assignes respectively of the said yearly rent or sum of seauenteene thousand seauen hundred fififty nine pounds thirteene shillings and eightpence or any part thereof according to the true intent of these Our Lres Patente Then and in such case Our express Will and pleasure is, and We doe hereby of Our further especiall grace certaine knowledg and meer mocon for Us Our heires and successors authorize and require the high Trear and Com''", of the Treary Chancell' Under Trear Chamberlaines and Barons of the Excheq"'. of us Our heires and successors for the time being and all other Officers Ministers of the Excheq' and of the Rec'. thereof That they or such of them to whom it apperteynes doe from time to time as often as need shall be well and truly pay or cause to be payd to the said Edward Backwell his heires and assignes respectively out of such moneys as shall be soe payd into Qur Exchq"". or elsewhere to the use of Us Our heires or succ''. all such or so much of the said yearly rent or sum of seaventeene thousand seauen hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings and eightpence as shall from time to time be in arreare or unpayd after the ffeast dayes and times of paym'. aforesaid or any of them without any further or other Warrant to be sued for had or obteyned in that behalfe and without any Ace' Imprest or other charge to be sett upon the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes for the same or any part thereof And these Our Lres Patente or the Exemplificacon Entry or Enrollm'. thereof shall be unto the high Trear Com"'', of the Treary Chancello'' and under Trear Chamberlaines and Barons of the Excheq'. of Us Our heires and succ". and all other Officers and Ministers of the said Excheq'. and to the Com". Trears. Receiv"'. Collectors ffarmors and all other Officers and Ministers of Our said Revenue of Excise a good and sufficient Warrant and discharge for all and whatsoever they or any of them respectively shall do or cause to be done in or about the premisses pursuant to Our Will and pleasure herein before declared, And Our further Will and pleasure is and We doe hereby of Our especiall grace certaine knowledg and meer mocon Grant direct and appointe that all such APPENDICES. 1 69 Tallys of Pro or Assignem'. or other Tallys as shall be hereafter Levyd or Struck upon Our said Revenue of Excise at the Instance or desire of the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes respectively for or towards the satisfaction or securing the paym'. of the said yearly rent or sum of Seaven- teene thousand Seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings and Eightpence or any part thereof shall be well and truly payd and satisfied out of the said Revenue Quarterly and every Quarter as aforesaid and shall be preferrable and preferred before any other Quarterly paym'. out of the same by vertue or colour of any Warrant Order or directions whatsoever of any After date Excepting only such yearly sums as are necessarily payable for the managem'. of Our said Revenue, and Except the yearly sums amounting unto twelve thousand two hundred and nine pounds Fifteene shills & fourpence half peny or thereabts Payable thereout to Our dearest Consort the Queene as parcell of her jointure, and the yearly sum of Twenty foure thousand pounds payable to our deare Brother James Duke of York, which said severall sums We will and doe hereby direct shall be payd and satisfied unto Our said dearest Consort, and to our said most deare Brother out of Our said Revenue duely and constantly and in the first place before any of the said Paym". or any other paym". whatsoever to be made out of the same, and Our Will and pleasure is and the said Edward Backwell doth hereby for himself heires Exec". & Adm". Covenant grant and agree to & with Us Our heires & Succ'". That he the said Edward Backwell his heirs & assignes shall and will at any time or times within one yeare next ensuing the date thereof Grant and assigne proporchnable part & parts of the said yearly rent or sum of Seaventeene thousand Seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills & Eightpence unto such of his Creditors (or others by their appointm'.) as will be content to deliver up their Securitys and take such Assignem". in satisfaction of their debts according to the Trust herein before expressed And that he the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes shall not or will durino- the said Space of one yeare make any Grant or Assignem'. of all or any part of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills and Eightpence unto any person or persons but such as are Creditors of the said Edward Backwell (or others by their appointm'.) as aforesaid And that if any difference shall at any time or times within the space of one yeare & an halfe now next coming arise between the said Edward Backwell his heires Exec'■^ Admi''. or Assignes or any of them and the said Creditors or any of them touching the assigning or 170 APPENDICES. disposing of all or any part or parts of the said Annuity or yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand seauen hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings and Eightpence That then the said Edward Backwell his heires Exec". & Adm". shall and will from time to time Submit themselves and all matters and things relating thereunto to y* Comptroll of the Lord high Trear or the Com'■^ of the Treary for the time being and shall and will observe and performe all such orders and directions as the Lord high Trear or the Com'^ of the Treary shall from time to time make or give concerning the same, Provided alwaies and Our further Will and pleasure intent and meaning is, and is hereby declared to be that all assignem". to be made as well before as after the said space of one year of any part or parts of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand Seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills & eightpence hereby granted shall within the space of thirty dayes next after the execucon thereof be enrolled before y' Auditor of y'' Rec'. of the Exchq'. or the Clerk of the Pells for the time being to the end it may appeare what Assignem'^ have been granted and paym'^. may be thereupon made according to the intent of these presents and that every Assignem'. not so enrolled shall be of no effect Provided also that when We Our heires or Succ''^ shall at entire payments have actually payd the full sum of Two hundred ninety five thousand nine hundred ninety foure pounds sixteene shills & Sixpence of lawfull money of England to the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes and to such pson and psons to whom such Assignem'. or Assignem'^ shall be made as aforesaid respectively in proporcons amongst them after the rate of One hundred pounds Principall money for each and every Six pounds ^ Annum which they every or any of them respectively shall or ought to have and enioy of the said yearly Sum of Seauenteene thousand Seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings & Eightpence hereby granted by vertue of these presents or of such Assignem'. or Assignem". as shall be made & enrolled as aforesaid and soe after those proporcons & rates for greater or Lesser sums as the respective cases shall happen and also the arreares of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand Seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills & Eightpence (if any be) That then these presents & the Grant hereby made of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand Seven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shills and eightpence shall cease and be voyd Anything herein before conteyned to the contrary notwithstanding. And We do hereby of Our further especiall grace certaine knowledg & meer mocon for Us Our heires & Succ". APPENDICES. 171 Grant unto the said Edward Backwell his heires and assigns and Our expresse Pleasure is That these Our Lres Patents and every Clause Article & Sentence therein conteyned whereupon any ambiguity or doubt shall or may arise that the same shall be at all times expounded & taken most favourably & beneficially for the advantage of y'^ said Edward Backwell his heires and Assignes, And that these Our Lres Patents shall be good & effectuall in Law and shall be avayleable to the said Edward Backwell his heires & assignes respectively for his and their receiving and enioying the said yearly rent or sum of Seaventeene thousand Seaven hundred fififty nine pounds Thirteene Shillings and Eightpence with all the arrearages thereof in manner aforesaid Notwithstanding the not reciting or not menconing or not truly and certainly reciting or menconing of any Act or Acts of Parliam'. whereby the said Revenue was given & granted unto Us Our heires & Succ"'"., or by We have receive or enioy the same, And notwithstanding the not reciting or not menconing in this Our any Lease or Leases Grant or Grants Charge or Charges made of or upon or out of the said Revenue or any part thereof alone on the said Revenue, or on the same and any other part or parts of Our Revenue of Excise or generally on Our Revenue or the date or Contents of such Leases or Grants or of y^ Persons to whom the same are made And notwithstanding that no mention be herein of the direct & certaine yearly & other rents & profits of the premises or of the certaine true or direct nature of such rents & profits or how or in what manner they arise become due and payable unto Us Our heires & Succ""". And notwithstanding the not menconing how & in what manner the said debt due from Us to the said Edward Backwell ariseth particularly or any mistake in the stating or in the quantity or sum of the afore menconed debt due or herein menconed to be due by Us to the said Edward Backwell, And not- withstanding the Statute of Henry the 4"" late King of England publish'd in the first yeare of his reigne. And notwithstanding the Statute of Henry the 6'^ late King of England made & published in the 18* yeare of his reigne, And notwithstanding the Statute of Henry y" 8* late King of England made & published in the 26"' yeare of his reigne, And notwithstanding the Statutes or Acts of this present Parliam' made & published in the ) 2"" yeare of Our reign whereby the said Revenue was or was menconed or intended to be granted settled and confirmed unto Us Our heires and Succ'■^ Or any Article Clause Sentence or Restraynt therein conteyned and notwithstanding any defect in Our Grant, Or any Act Statute Ordinance, Proclamacon Provision or 172 APPENDICES. Restraynt whatsoever made or provided or any other Act matter or thing whatsoever to the contrary hereof in anywise notwithstanding And lastly Our Will & pleasure is and We do hereby of Our more abundant grace certaine knowledg & meer mocon for Us Our heires & Succ'■^ Covefint & grant to & with the said Edward Back well his heires & Assignes that due paym' shall be made of the said yearly sum of Seaventeene thousand Seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteene shillings & Eightpence hereby granted & all other things hereby directed to be done on our part shall be from time to time done & performed according to the true intent and meaning of these presents And that if at any time hereafter any defect or question shall be found or made of or in the validity of this Our present Grant That then upon the humble peticon of the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes We Our heires or Succ"". will be graciously pleased to make such further Grant Assurance & confirmacon of the said yearly rent or sum of Seaventeene thousand seaven hundred ffifty nine pounds thirteen shills & Eight pence to the said Edward Backwell Esq' his heires or Assignes as by Our Attorney Gen', shall be approved of and advised & by the Councill learned in the Law of the said Edward Backwell his heires or Assignes shall be advised and desired and with such beneficiall clauses to be therein conteyned as shall be thought expedient & most conducing to the performance of Our Will & pleasure herein before declared In Witness &". Witnes &". And for Soe doeing this shalbe yo'. warr'. Given at our Court at Whitehall the 1 6'*' day of Aprill in the 29"' yeare of our Raigne. — To our Attorney or By his Ma". Command Solicitor Gen". Danby CHARLES R. The like Bill to be drawne for Gilbert Whitehall and his heires for the sum of Fourteene Thousand nine hundred thirty one pounds nineteene shillings four pence f' annum for the Consideracon of two hundred fforty Eight thousand Eight hundred sixty six pounds three shillings & five pence 16"' Aprill 1677 By his Ma'^ Command To Our Attorney or Danby Solicitor Gen". APPENDICES. CHARLES R. 1/3 The like Bill to be drawne for Joseph Horneby of London Goldsmith & his heires for y" sum of Thirteene hundred ffifty two pounds Seaventeene shills Tenpence ^ annum for the consideracon of Twenty two thousand five hundred fforty Eight pounds five shills & sixpence To our Attorney or By his Ma'^ Command Solicitor Gen". Danby CHARLES R. The like Bill to be drawne for John Portman of London Goldsmith & his heires for the sum of ffoure thousand Six hundred & five pounds thirteene shillings ^ annum for the consideracon of Seaventy six thousand Seaven hundred & Sixty pounds Eighteene shillings two pence To our Attorney or By his Ma'' Command Solicitor Gen". Danby CHARLES R. The like Bill to be drawne for Robert Welsted of London Goldsmith & his heires for y° sum of Six hundred Seaventy eight pounds nine shillings ^ annum for the consideracon of Eleaven thousand three hundred & seaven pounds twelve shillings & a penny To our Attorney or By his Ma" Command Solicit'. Gen". Danby CHARLES R. The like Bill to be drawne for Thomas Rowe of London Goldsmith & his heires for the sum of One Thousand fifty six pounds nineteene shills ■^ annum for the consideracon of Seaventeene thousand Six hundred and ffifteene pounds Seaventeene shillings and Eightpence To our Attorney or By his Ma" Command Solicitor Gen". Danby i6'\ Apr ill 1677 2 K 1 74 APPENDICES. APPENDIX No. 28. Extracts from the Will' of Sir Francis Child. I Sir Francis Child of London Knight. To my wife all my copyhold in the parish of ffulham which I have surrendered to use of my will and all my ffreehold messuages, Lands &c in the said parish for life. Remainder to my eldest son Robert Child for hfe. Remainder to Mr. John Tidcomb of London, merchant & Mr. Stephen Child Citizen and Goldsmith of London in Trust for heirs in tale male of my said son Robert and in default &c to my next son ffrancis Child for life and heirs male of body and in default to my son Samuel Child and heirs male of body and in default to my own right heirs for ever. My personal Estate to be divided into three parts, i" part thereof to my wife another part to my children Robert ffrancis and Samuel Child equally. My daughter Martha having been fully preferred by me in marriage and after died, and my daughter Elizabeth being likewise fully preferred by me in marriage and my daughter Jane being likewise fully preferred by me in marriage. Of the remaining third part ^500 to my wife on condition she release her right of Dower in my freehold estate in Hemlock Court, Co of Middlesex. To each of my said 3 sons ^[ooo. To my son inlaw Collins ;^50. To my son in law Backwell and his wife ;^50 a piece To my son in law Gwydott and his wife ;^50 a piece To my cousin John Rogers and his wife ^20 a piece To my granddaughters, Elizabeth and Martha Collins ^100 a piece To my three grandchildren Elizabeth, ffrancis, Sharlott Backwell ^100 a piece Unto the child my daughter is now Enseint with ^100. One hundred pounds unto the poor of Headington where I was born, S' Dunstan West London & ffulham ^10 each to be distributed by the Churchwardens. ' P.C.C, "Leeds," 269. APPENDICES. 175 Residue of Personalty to said three sons. My wife and said son Robert joint Executors. Signed 2 ffeb. 17 10 ffran. Child. Witnesses W" Longborne, Pe Tanner, Ri Tanner. Codicil 10 Jan 171 2 gives to grandchildren Barney and Jane Backwell ^100 a piece. Another Codicil without date gives to sons ffrancis and Samuel houses in Castle Yard and appoints sons Robert and ffrancis to be joint executors and not wife. Witnesses Edw. Nicholas, William Elkinton, Ri. Tanner. Third Codicil 10 Sep 1713 gives to son in law Tyringham Backwell ;^400 to rebuild the Hall at Tyringham and to make a ford over the river against the mill at Tyringham. Proved 2 Dec 1713 by Robert Child Esq. alderman of London and Francis Child the Executors. 2 1; 176 APPENDICES. APPENDIX No. 29. Sir Robert Child's Fees. A bill of fees due to the Kings Servants, from all persons that receive the Honor of Knighthood. To the Earl Marshall of England To the Heralds To the Gentlemen Ushers daily waiters To the Gentlemen Ushers of the Privy Chamber ... To the Gentleman Usher Assistant To the Grooms of the Privy Chamber To the Gentlemen Ushers Quarter Waiters ... To the Knight Harbinger To the Gentlemen and Yeomen Harbingers... To the Robes .. . To the Wardrobe To the Pages of the Bedchamber To the Serjeants at Arms To the Serjeant Porter To the Serjeants and office of the Trumpetts To the Sewers of the Chamber To the Drum Major ... To the Grooms of the Chamber To the Pages of the Presence. . . To the Surveyor of the Ways... To the Surveyor of the Dresser To the Yeomen of the Mouth To the Gentlemen of the Cellar & Buttry To the Yeomen Ushers To the Master Cooke To the Keepers of the Councill Chamber ... To the Footmen To the Coachmen To the Corporalls of the Guards To the Porters at the Gate To the Clossett Keeper To the Register of the Colledge of Armes More to the Six Pages of the Bed Chamber for being Knighted within the Verge thereof To the King Barbers Sum total _;:£'86 : 11 ; 06 David Davis, Collect'. Rec"^ this as"' Day of Sept: 17 14 of Sir Robert Child Knight the sume of Eighty six pounds eleven shillings & 6'' in full for his ffees due to the Kings Servants for his honor of Knighthood & to their I say received _David Davis. °3 : 13 : 04 08 : 10 : 00 OS : 00 : 00 OS : ; 00 : : 00 01 ; ;os; : 00 OS : : 00 ; ; 00 04 ; ; 00 : ; 00 03 : :o6 ; ;o8 05 : ;o6 : ;o8 04 ; ; 00 : : 00 02 ; :oS; ; 04 04 ; ; 00 ; ; 00 OS : : 00 : : 00 or ; : 00 : : 00 03 : 00 : 00 02 ; ; 00 : : 00 00 ; ; 13 : ; 04 01 ; 00 : : 00 00 : 10 : ; 00 00 : : 10 : 00 00 ; 10 : 00 01 : 16 : 00 01 : 12 : 00 01 : 00 : 00 01 ;os : 00 01 : 00 : 00 02 : 00 : 00 00 : 10 : 00 05 : 00 : 00 01 : 00 : 00 00 : 10 : 00 01 :o8 : 02 03 : 00 : 00 01 : 00 : 00 APPENDICES. 177 APPENDIX No. 30. EDWARD BACKWELL. Extracts from his Book relating to Privy Seals and the Sale of Dunkirk. (In possession of Messrs. Child & Co.) 1658 — 60. "A Certificate of all such summes of mony as haue bene paid at the receipt of the Publique Exchequer vnto Edward Backwell Esq'- Alderman of the Citty of London for the causes vndermencioned." 27 April, 1659 — 7 May, 1660. (4 pages, unnumbered.) f. 3. Richard [Cromwell], Protector, to the Commissioners of the Treasury and other Officers of the Exchequer Privy Seal, according to order of the Privy Council, 2 Sept. 1658, for the payment of ;^350 to Edward Backwell, citizen and goldsmith, for ^345, paid by him on 6 July last, for a jewel given by Oliver, late Lord Protector, to an envoy sent with a letter from the French King announcing the surrender of Dunkirk, and ^5 for his pains. Westminster. 20 Sept. 1658. 1659. f 4. Richard [Cromwell], Protector, to the Treasury. Privy Seal, by order of Privy Council, 16 April 1659, for payment of ^3230 to Edward Backwell, for money sent by him to the garrison at Dunkirk. Westminster. 27 April, 1659. f. 4 d. Beginning of a Privy Seal, by Oliver [Cromwell]. 178 AI'PENDICES. 1 66 1. f. 6. The Earl of Southampton to the Commissioners of Excise. ;^i97oo, lately directed by Privy Seal, of September last, to be paid to Sir ]"• Shaw, k'-, and Edward Backwell, esq., Treasurer and Paymasters of Dunkirk, by them to be paid to the Governor of that town for the charges of the garrison there, is not to be charged upon that part of the Excise assigned for the constant pay of the Treasurers of that garrison. Southampton House. 5 November, 1661. 1 661. f. 6 d. Order by virtue of Privy Seal, 21 October, 1661, for the payment of _;^26,i56 to Sir J"- Shaw and Edward Backwell, for the pay of the garrison of Dunkirk, for three months from 19 July last to 21 October last. 4 November, 1661. f. 7. Order by virtue of Privy Seal, 25 October, 1661, for the payment of £sS'^'^ to Sir J"- Shaw, for one month's pay of the troops at Mardike from 16 October, 1661. 4 November, 1661. f. 7. T. Earl of Southampton to Sir Rob'- Pye, k'-, etc. Desires them to draw an order for the payment to Sir John Shaw and Edward Backwell, of ^^17457 6"- 8^- for two months' pay due 23 Sept. for the enlarged garrison of Dunkirk, consisting of four regiments of foot (containing 4400 men besides officers) and six troops of horse (containing 300 troopers, besides officers). f. 7 d. Same to the same. Desires them to draw an order, according to Privy Seal of 26 August last, for payment of ^3500 to Sir J. Shaw, for imprest of one month's pay of the Irish Regiments at Mardike. 11 September, 1661. 1 661. f. 8. Same to Sir John Shaw & W. Warder Esq. Desires them to draw an order for payment of £ig7oo to Sir J. Shaw and Edw. Backwell, for supplies for the garrison of Dunkirk, for clothes, books and new works, etc. (items given). 11 September, 1661. APPENDICES. 1 79 1660. f. 9 d. Receipt from Robt. Harly for ;^302 from Capt. J"- Gibbon for money advanced to him by Lord Lockhart, late Governor of Dunkirk, out of ;^55i 9'' &^-, for the weekly subsistance of his company in Col. Robt. Gibbon's regiment, Dunkirk, i October, 1660. Receipt from Robt. Harly for ^30 from Capt. J. Gibbon, lent to Capt. Hugh Dodgin's company for their subsistance since 27 August last. Undated. f. 10. Warrant from the King for Privy Seal for the payment of ;^2888 4"- to Sir J. Shaw, Treasurer and Paymaster of the forces in Flanders, for the pay of the Irish Foot regiments at Mardike. Whitehall. 28 December, 1661. f. 10 d. Licence by the Privy Council to Alderman Backwell, goldsmith, to furnish the merchants of the City of London trading to the East Indies, with ;^8oooo of foreign coin and bullion on condition of bringing into the mint ^40,000, etc. Whitehall. 6 November, 1661. f. II. Order from the Earl of Southampton, Lord Treasurer, to the Collector of Customs, to permit Alderman Backwell to export the above sum of ;^8oooo, and to take a bond of him for the above condition. 3 February, 1661. f. II d. Cocket for the transportation of ^2770 in the Madras to the East Indies by Edward Backwell according to the above order. 17 February, 1661. 1 66 1. Cocket for the transportation in the Madras by Sir And. Riccards, k'-, Governor of the East India merchants, of ^13240 i^' 3''' worth of bar silver and 8000 pieces of eight (= ^1600), free by the Company's Charter. 17 February, 1661. l8o APPENDICES. 1 66 1, f. 12. Privy Seal for the repayment to Sir Augustine Coronell, Bar' , of a loan of ;^4ioo. Westminster. 13 January. Enrolled in the office of the Clerk of the Pells. f 12 d. Privy Seal for the monthly payment of ^8718 3"- 4^- to Sir J. Shaw and Edward Backwell, for pay of the enlarged garrison at Dunkirk. 14 August, 1 66 1. f 14 d. Cocket for shipping of ;^i7392 15'- in foreign bullion and pieces of eight, by Edward Backwell, in " le Richard and Martha" for India. 18 March, 1661, Cocket for shipping of ;^i220 by Sir Tho. Vyner k'-, and Robert Vyner, in the " Richard and Martha" for India. 18 March, 1661. f 15. Cocket for shipping of ^6400 by Sir Tho. Vyner and Robt. Vyner, in the " Starling Adventure," for India. 18 March, 1661. f. 16 d. " The Establishment of the Garrison of Dunckerke together with a list of the Stores & Amunition necessary for the same, to begin 29 July, 1661," (A list of all ranks, with the pay for the day, month and year.) 1662. f 18. Warrant for the transport of money, custom free, for the use of the Dunkirk garrison. 1 1 April, 1662. f 18 d. The same. 16 June, 1662. f 19. The Lord Treasurer's warrant, enclosing the following. f 19 d. Privy Seal for the pay of the garrison of Dunkirk by Sir J. Shaw and Edward Backwell, giving details of alterations in the forces there, (^ pages.) APPENDICES. l8l 1662. f. 22. "An Abstracte of the Accompt ot 15,000'- oo'- oo''- destined for the payment of the Arrears of the reduced Regiments of foote, troope of Horse and the Traine of the Garrison of Dunkirke, beginning 24 Sept. 1660, according to the order and Instructions rece"* by the L** Rutherford for the purpeses." 1662. f. 22. Order from the Lord Treasurer to Aid. Backwell, the Officers of the Mint, etc., for the sealing and weighing of " boxes of the Dunkirke mony " amounting to ;^20000, upon which security a loan is to be made. 6 December, 1662. 1663. ' f. 23 d. Certificate that there has been brought into the Mint in the name of Edward Backwell esq., from 13 May 1662, ^8584 o'- 2'^-, and from 10 June 1662 to 16 January following, ^32698 i6'-; in all ^41282 i6'- 2^- 23 January, i66f. 1662. f. 24. Order from the Lord Treasurer to Sir Ralph Freeman, k'-, and H. Slingsby esq.. Masters and Workers of His Majesty's Mint, for the testing, weighing, melting and minting of 500,000 crowns of silver delivered by Alderman Backwell, of His Majesty's money lately received in France. 12 December, 1662. f 25. " The Particular of the Manor of Whitchurch in the County of Bucks consistinge of a faire Manour House built with Timber with a Great Demesne Copihold Rents & Services Court Leet Court Baron, and the Profitts thereof as followeth." (i page.) f. 25 d. Obligation by M'- Stephen Fox and M'- Thomas Poney to pay to Alderman Edward Backwell the sum of ;^23235 1 6s. 5d. f. 26. " Van Dipers Ace'- " 1661. A list of sums received. 2 F 1 82 APPENDICES. f. 26 d. Warrant to the Cofferer of the Household to pay to Sir Thomas Vyner, Alderman of London, and Aldermen Meynell and Backwell, any sums of money for which he shall receive warrant from the Lord Treasurer (the Earl of Southampton), in repayment of sums furnished by them for the service of the Household. f. 27. Charles H. to Edward Backwell esq. Orders him to go to M. Hernix, merchant, at Paris, and be introduced by him to the French King's officers as the person commissioned to see counted and shipped the 2000000 livres to be paid by the French King in accordance with treaty ; and the 250000 livres to be paid by Hernix warranted by the Count Destrades ; which latter sum, together with 154000 livres to be paid in London, is substituted for 3000000 livres to be paid in two years' time. The Duke of York will inform him of the names of the ships to convey it. Commands him to refuse or try doubtful money. Whitehall. 20 October, 1662. f. 29. E[dward] B[ackwell] to Sir George Oxendine in India. Hoped to have spoken with him before he left England concerning the intrinsic value of silver and gold, and having had more practice concerning it offers him advice. The gold mostly comes from England in ingots and is invoiced in the assay as better or worse than standard. The English standard is 22 carat. The finest gold is 24 carat, i.e. all pure gold without alloy. The carat is as ^ oz. Accounts are made by Troy weight. The English standard of 22 carat contains 11 oz. pure gold and i oz, alloy to the lb. " The lesser denomination to this carrot are graines of which four make one carrot that is every carrot makes {sic) graine is ^ of an ounce, in every 1 2 oz. or lb. of Troy weight, so that if the assay be better than standard one graine for every 1 2 oz. you must add ^ of an ounce for the said graine the w"'' is fine gold to that you must add the elleauenth p' of the ^ of the ounce w-^*" brings APPENDICES. 183 that fine gold to standard, then add the 12 oz., the |- w"^ is 2 d' 12 g', the -^ whereof is 5 gr., so by adding these together it will produce 1 2 oz. 2d' 1 7 gr. of sta. gold, that is to say one pound w' of gold better than standard ; one graine will make in standard gold i c"*"'- 00 oz. 02 d'- 17 gr., the carrot gr. is divided into quarters that is 15 gr. in every cwt. Troy (this is the least denomination that is reported in our assay) the 1 5 gr. multiplied by 4 produceth 60 gr. w'^'' is 2 dwt. 12 gr., that is ^ of an ounce Troy. So when you have the direct weight of an ingot of gold if the assay be better than standerd you must add that betterness according to the weight and assay of the gold. This is our method as to gold. For the silver standard, it is much as the gold. If the silver be better than standard it is so in every pound w'- ; taking the w' of the bar, then multiply the assay by the weight & add the eleaventh part to that and add the gross weight of the bar & the betterness, that is the standerd of the bar if better than standerd, & if it be worse then to deduct from the weight of the bar, so the stand : will be less or more than the gross weight." Advises him not to permit any of his " sheroffs " to make assay or trial of the whole quantity of silver at one time, and gives minute directions about having the assay of the bars cut by one servant and delivered in small numbers, without the number of the bar being put upon the paper. When the Company buys silver of him they cut off the pieces themselves and carry them to the King's Mint to be assayed. Intreats him to be very exact to have the assay of the new Spanish Ryalls, as the King of Spain has lately hanged several ministers for making coarse pieces of f commonly ca,lled Perue money ("pue m° "). He has now made pieces of f called Filler money (" m° ") which are a farthing better than the Mexico. Though both of one weight, they cost both at Amsterdam and S. Malo, 2"^ a 2 F 2 1 84 APPENDICES. mark more than the Mexico pieces of f, that is 8 oz. Will send a certificate from the King's Mint about it. The Company has had from Backwell some Portugal crusados which are as good as Mexico ryalls. Asks to be informed of their value there and also of all other species. Has sent, by command of Sir George Cartret, two boxes containing 5000 pieces of f, of which Sir George or M""- Henn has probably advised him. The Treasurer has given a letter of credit to Sir Abraham Shipman on Oxendine. Thought this an encouragement to send some of his own effects. Will give particulars in his next letter. The contract of the East India Company for the weight of the pieces of f sent is to be 17 dwt. 8 gr., one with the other, so that 500 must weigh 433 oz. 6 dwt. 16 gr. If any fall short we allow them, and they allow us for whatever they weigh more. My dame wants " some few pieces of Chene or any other knack for a closset." Her stock is 40 of the King's new Crowns, part of the 4,500,000 livres lately received in France. Wishes the King had such another sum to receive. Capt. Millet will give Oxendine on Backwell's account 2000 pieces of f. Asks him to deal with Shipman if he has occasion for money, and will give bills upon the King, the Lord Treasurer or Cartret. Statement of the exact weight of the 2000 pieces of f in 4 bags. 1664. f. 30. Privy Seal ordering the Treasurer of the Exchequer to pay to Edward Backwell, ^8000 as a free gift in consideration of interest for the advancing of ^286,042 for the navy, guards, etc., also ^1500 for his journey to France to receive the money paid by the French King for Dunkirk. Westminster. 14th September, 1664. APPENDICES. 185 1668. f. 31. Privy Seal ordering the Commissioners of the Treasury, etc. to pay to Sir Robert Vyner, k'- and bar'- , and Edw. Back- well, esq., ^1166 3'- lo*^- for the coinage of 11,661 lb. 11 oz. 7 dwt, of standard bullion, brought by them to the Mint and coined between 14 April, 1665 and 20 December, 1666. Westminster. 19 February, 1668. 1664. f. 33. Privy Seal ordering the High Treasurer, etc. to pay to Sir John Shaw, k'-, and Edward Backwell, esq., ^13363 12'- 1 1'*' for interest at 6 per cent, of money advanced as appears by an account dated 18 March 1663, certified by John Phillips, auditor of the Revenue. Westminster. 18 April, 1664. 1667. f. 34. The Commissioners of the Treasury, [George Monk] Earl of Albemarle, [Antony Ashley Cooper] Lord Ashley, Thomas Clifford and William Coventry, to Mr. Auditor Phelips. Desires him to examine & report on an account presented by Alderman Backwell for £1166 3'- 6*^- paid by him and Sir Robert Vyner to the officers of the Mint for coinage of silver. Treasury Chamber, Whitehall. 6 June, 1667. The same to the same. Desires him to examine the vouchers for the account presented by Alderman Backwell for ;^4o69 (f- 4'^- advanced by him for the King's service. Whitehall. 6 June, 1667. The same to the same. Desires him to examine the vouchers for the account presented by Alderman Backwell for interest of ^37145 advanced for the King's service. Whitehall. 6 June, 1667. 1668. f. 34. Privy Seal to the Commissioners of the Treasury, for the payment to Edward Backwell, of £g6g() 5"- s"^-, being the interest on certain sums advanced by Backwell to the King at the rate of 6 per cent interest & 4 per cent for additional charges. Westminster. 31 January, 20 Charles II. 1 86 APPENDICES. 1667. ff. 36. An Indenture of ten parts between (i) Sir Rob'- Vyner, k'- & d — 47. bar'- alderman of the City of London, (2) Sir Allen 17 October. Broderick of Wandsworth, co. Surrey, k'- & bar'-, (3) Sir Richard Pigott of London, k'-, (4) Perient Trott of London, esquire, (5) Humphry Beane of London, esq., (6) James Hoare, of London, esq., (7) John Rives of London, esq., (8) John Bence of London, esq. (9) George Cork of London, merchant, (10) James Temple of London, g-entleman. Indenture of partnership in the farming of the Hearth Money. The King let and farmed to Sir R. Pigott, Perient Trott & Humphry Beane for ;^2 50,000 all the annual payments of two shilling revenues arising from the hearth tax for the term of seven years by charter dated 30 March, 18 Charles II. 1665. f. 47 d. Privy Seal to the Treasurer of the Exchequer, for the pay- ment to Edward Backwell, of ^12485, of which ^7491 is interest on ;!^ 17 1,196 advanced by him from time to time to the Cofferer of the Household, and for supply of the garrison at Tangier, and ^4994 an additional reward for his services, also for the payment of £2 560, the amount paid by Backwell for the coining of three parcels of foreign coin and bullion, brought up by him at the King's request. Oxford. 19 January, 17 Charles II. 1668. f. 48 d. Privy Seal to the Commissioners of the Treasury, etc., for the payment to Edward Backwell of ;^ 15060, the balance due for certain sums advanced by him for the garrison at Tangier, to Hugh May, paymaster of the Works ; to Sir Henry Wood, k'-, " for the use of our most deere mother," to Sir Edward Griffin, k'-, Treasurer of our Chamber, to the late Earl of Falmouth, to Sir George Ascue, k'- " for the defraying of his charges during the time of his imprisonm'- in Holland," etc., deduction being made for payments of a further loan of ;^6oooo. Westminster. 30 April, 20 Charles II. APPENDICES. 187 f. 51. 1668. Jo. Wolstenholme, John Shaw, Rob'- Vyner, E. Turnor and Fr. Millington to Mr. Francis Greame, collector of His Majesty's Customs at Hull. Order him to pay to Backwell or order ^1200, taking a bill from him payable to Richard Mounteney esq. General , Cashier. Custom House. London, 20 May, 1668. Backwell's order for the payment of the said sum to M""' John Carpenter of Hull. London. 20 May, 1668. Carpenter's receipt for the said order. f. 52. 1668. Commissioners for Tangier, Lords Arlington, Albemarle, lo. Berkley, W"- Coventrye, Tho. Powey, to Samuel Pepys esq. Treasurer of the affairs of Tangier. Order for the repayment with interest to Backwell of ;^ioooo advanced by him to Col. Henry Warwood, Lieu'- Governor of Tangier for the expenses of the garrison there. Whitehall, i July, 1668. f. 53. 1668. The Commissioners for Tangier to the Lieutenant Governor of that place. Backwell having presented to the Commissioners that Captain Thomas Porter, late captain of one of the Tangier companies, owes him ^113, the security for which is ineffectual, this is to order that the pay due to the said Porter be reserved & employed for satisfying the debt, & be paid to whom Backwell shall appoint. Whitehall, i July, 1668. f. 54. 1668. Order by his Majesty's command to the Commissioners of the Treasury, for the payment of ^600, and ^18 for charges, to Sir Robert Southwell, k'-, envoy extraordinary to the King of Portugal, to be by him assigned over to Alderman Backwell for his reimbursement. Whitehall. 14 August, 1668, 1 88 APPENDICES. f. 55. 1668. Order signed by Albemarle, Ashley, & J. Buncombe, to the Earl of Anglesea, Treasurer of the Navy, for the trans- ference to Alderman Backwell of £^34^ 4'' 5'^' f^'cm the j^yooo assigned to George Cook, esq. upon the Act for Additional Aid, of which ^1155 was assigned by warrant of 16 October to Major Edmund Andros & other officers mentioned therein. The said sum to be paid to Backwell is in satisfaction with interest of the sums mentioned in a Privy Seal of 1 5 August last. Whitehall. 27 October, 1668. f 56. 1669. Privy Seal for the payment to Backwell of /^66 16, 107, 149 ; her sons and daughter, 16, 106, 149. "Blake Swanne," Fleet Street, i, 131. Blanchard, Martha, 24, 79, 156; Richard, 155; Robert, 8, 15, 18, 23-25, 29, 79 ; death of, 30 ; will of, 155. " Blue Garland," Fleet Street, 10. Blunt, Elizabeth, 23. " Bolt in Tonne," Fleet Street, i, 130. Bolton, 1st Duke of, 53 ; 2nd ditto, zi>. Bootle, Sir Thomas, 53. " Borys Hede," Fleet Street, i, 130. Boston, 1st Lord, 53, 62. Bowyer, Sir William, 53. Brereton, 4th Lord, 52. Bridgeman, Sir John, 52. Bridges, Brook, 53. j ,- 1 Bridgewater, 1st Duke of, 52; 3rd ditto, 53, 73 ; 3" E^" of, 52 ; 3rd Countess of, 53 ; Rachel, Duchess of, 53. Bristol, 3rd Earl of, 53 ; 3rd Countess of, ii. Briton's Court, Whitefriars Street, I. Broke, Thomas, 2, 132-134, 143, 146, ; epitaph of, 4. Brooke, 5th Earl of, 53. Brown, John, 33. Brownlow, Sir John, 53. Bryar, George, of the "Sugar Loaf," ill, 112. Buccleuch, Anne, Duchess of, 54. Buckingham, John, Duke of, 53; Catherine, Duchess of, id. Burnet, Gilbert, Bp. of Salisbury, 54. Butler, Lady Eleanor, 54. Byddell, John, 9. Calmady, Waldo, 54. Cardigan, Earl of, 90. Carlisle, Lord, 74- Carmarthen, Peregrine, Marquess of, 54 ; Thomas, 69. Carmelite Friary in Fleet Street, I, 104, 112, 125, 130, 132. 135- Carrington, Anne, Lady, 54. Carteret, Lady, 38, 54 ; 2nd Lord, 54. Carysfort, John, Lord, 55. Castlemain, Viscount, 55. Castlemaine, Roger, Earl of, 55- Charlett, Dr., 55. Chesterfield, 3rd Earl of, 55 ; 4th ditto, id. Child, family, history of, 79; Agatha, 31, 72 ; Daniel, 27, 85; Edward, 27, 36; Sir Francis, sen., 9, 24, 26, 27, 36, 44. 46, 56, 70, 71. "3. 117. 149, 174; his career, 79-85; Sir Francis, jun., 30, 56, 85, 89; Francis, 91 ; George, 22, 91 ; Henry, 23 ; Jane, 28 ; James, 87 ; John, 28, 36, 86, 88 ; Sir Josiah, 56 ; Sir Richard, 56 ; Richard, 106 ; Sir Robert, 30, 56, 84, 85, 176 ; his career, 88-89 ; Robert (of Heading- ton), 26; Robert, jun. , 31, 32, 92; Samuel, 30, 31, 56, 71, 72, 91 ; Sarah, 31, 32 ; Sarah Anne, Countess of Westmorland, 92 ; Sarah Sophia, Countess of Jersey, 33, 34, 96; Stephen, 56, 85; Thomas, 91. Child and Co., iMessrs., 16 ; banking business of, 36, 73 ; customs of bank of, 21 ; customers of, 49, 76 ; lend money on Bridgewater Canal, 73, 74 ; rebuilding of premises of, 100. Cholmondeley, ist Earl, 57. Chudleigh, George, 57. Church, John, 31, 32. Churchill, see Marlborough. Cisterns, silver, 37. Clark, Sir Ed-frard, 80. Clarke, John, 17. Clayton, Sir Robert, 55, 81. Cleveland, Barbara, Duchess of, 55- Clive, Edward, 57. 2 H 2 200 INDEX. "Cock," Fleet Street, in, 113. Cogan, Henry, 23«, 154. Coggs, John, 38, 48. Coke, Lady Anne, 57. Colchester, Sir Buncombe, Bt., 57; Maynard, 56; 3rd Viscount, ib. Collins, Anthony, 91. Conway, 1st Earl of, 57 ; Francis, Baron, ib. Conyers, John, 57. Cook, Thomas, 80. Copland, Robert, 9. Copley, Sir Godfrey, 57- Copp, John, 33. Cork and Orrery, Earl of, 57, 64. Cornbury, Henry, Lord, 57. Cotton, Sir John, 57. Courtney, Hugh, Earl of Devonshire, i. Cratford, Christopher, 55, 155. Craven, 3rd Lord, 55 ; Elizabeth, sister of ditto, ib. ; 4th Lord, ib. Crawley, John, 55. Crewe, Sir John, ist Lord, $6. Crompton, Richard, 17. Cromwell, Oliver, 77. " Crown," Lombard Street, 48, 85. Cust, Sir Richard, 57. Dalkeith, Henrietta, Countess of, 57. Danby, Thomas, Earl of, 57, 69. Daniel, Sir Peter, 82. Dann, Mr. (goldsmith), 38. Dashwood, George Lionel, 34, 35 ; Sir S., 81. Dauney, William, 13. Davis, Thomas, 5. Death, Adrian, 8. De la Warr, 6th Lord, 57. De Loraine, Earl of, 57. Denmark, George, Prince of, bill for plate of, 41. Dent, John, 32, 33 ; Robert, 31, 32. "Devil" Tavern, Fleet Street, 19, 106; ". . . and Dunstans," 107 ; "... and Rose," 109. Devon, Thomas, 31, 72. Devonshire, ist Duke of, 57 ; 3rd ditto, 58. " Dick's " Tavern, III, 113. Dinton, Bucks., 7. Diston, Josiah, 84. Dixon, Robert, 6, 7, 142, 143, 145. Donaldson, William, 31, 32. Dorset, Duke of, 58. Dryden, John, assault on, 28 ; bill for plate of, 29 ; Mrs. H., 39. Ducie, Lord, 32. Dunblane, Viscount, 58. Dunch, Edmund, 58. Duncomb, Anthony, 58 ; Sir Charles, 48, 49, 58, 69, 81 ; Thomas, 58. Dunton, Bucks., 7. Dutton, John, 25. Dysart, 3rd Earl of, 58 ; Grace, Countess of, ib. E. East, John, 26 ; Thomas, 25. Edgar, Agatha, 91 ; John, 31, 32. Edward VIL, Proclamation of King, at Temple Bar, 97. Essex, Eliz. , Countess of, 58 ; 4th Earl of, ib. Eton College, see School Bills. Evance, Sir Stephen, 44, 46, 81. Evans, Edward Pritchard, 34. Evelyn, George, 58. Everell, Joan, 6, 142, 143. Exeter, 6th Earl of, 40, 58 ; Countess of, 58. Fairfax, Henry, 58. Fane, Charles Thorold, 34, 35 ; Frederick William, 35. Far, James, 26, 106. Faulconbridge, Viscount, bill for plate of, 160. Feilding, Robert, 59. Fetter (Fewter) Lane, 3. Fettiplace, George, 26. " Ficquetes Croft," 124. " Flower de Luce," Fetter Lane, 3, 6, 137, 139. Fludd, John, 3!, 72. Forks, silver, early dates for, 39. Fowle, Thomas, 48. Fowlys, Mr. (goldsmith), 81. Fox, Sir Stephen, 42, 59. Fraser, Thomas H., 34. Freschville, Anne, Lady, 59- Fuller, \Villiam, 33. G. Gainsborough, 3rd Earl of, 59 ; Mary, Countess of, ib. "George," Fleet Street, 10. "Golden Hind," Fleet Street, 48. Goldsmiths, London, in 1635, 151-153; prior to 1700, 48. Goostrey, John, 109. Gosling, William, 2112. Gower, ist Earl, 59 ; William Leveson, 60. Granville, Ist Earl, 59. " Grasshopper," Lombard Street, 48, 69 ; ditto. Pall Mall, 72. Gray, Sir Richard, i. " Green Dragon," Snow Hill, 48. " Green Lattice," Fleet Street, 9, 16. Gresham, Sir Thomas, Osterley House built by, 99. Greville, Hon. Dodington, 59. Grey of Ruthin, 15th Baron, 60. Griffin, Lady, 60. Grorae, Widow, 26. Guilford, ist Lord, 60. Gunning, George, 34, 35. Guydott, Mr., 91. Gwyn, Nell, 42, 60 ; Executors' accounts of, 156. H. Hales, Sir Edward, 18. Halifax, 1st Marquess of, 61. Hall, John, 35 ; Widow, 26 ; William, 26, 27, 79. Halse, John, 15. Hammond, Mrs. Mary, 48. Hampden, Elizabeth, 7, 8, 145, 146 ; John, 7 ; Richard, ib. Hankey, Aid. Henry, 90. Harrington, Sir James, 23. Harvey, John, 61. Hatch, John, 13. Hedges, Sir W., 80. Henley, George, 14. Herbert, Henry, Lord, 61 ; James, id. ; of Chirbury, 4th Lord, ib. Heriot, J., 48. Herlackenden, Thomas, 18. Heme, Sir Joseph, 44. Hesse Cassel, Landgrave of, 70. Higgins, Grace, 23. Hill, Rowland, 61. INDEX 20 1 Hoare, Richard, 82. Holly Bush House, Parson's Green, 79, 85. How, William (printer, 1571), 125. Howard, Alfred John, 35 ; Hon. Bernard, 61. Howe, Lady Arabella, 61. Hunsdon, Lord, 109. Huntingdon, 7th Earl of, 62. L iNCHiQUiiN, 2nd Earl of, 62. Irby, see Boston. Isleworth, John Land's monument at, 16. J- Jackson, Mr. (partner in bank), 27. Jenyns, Roger, 62. Jersey, Countess of, see Child, Sarah Sophia ; William, 3rd Earl of, 63 ; Victor Albert, Earl of, 34, 96. Jodrell, Ralph, 5. Johnson, G. W. M., 35 ; Mr., goldsmith, 81. Jonson, Ben, 107 ; verses by, at "Devil" Tavern, 108. K. K.ELWAY, Mr., the surgeon, 90. Kemys, Sir Charles, 62. Kent, Richard, 49, 6j. Kenton, Francis, 48. Keysall, John, 31, 32, 33. " King's Arms," Fleet Street, 48. " King's Head," Strand, 48. Kingston, 5th Earl and 1st Duke of, 41, 62. Knight, John, 82. L Lamps in London Streets, 126. Land, family, pedigree of, 11, 12 ; Austen, 14 ; Dorothy, 13; Elizabeth, 8, 14, 15, 24, 150; John, 12-15, 24, 25, 113, 150 ; his epitaph in Isleworth Church, 16 ; Richard, 8, 13, 14, 150 ; Richard, jun., 149 ; Robert, 13. 14- Langdale, Marmaduke, 31. Lansdowne, George, Lord, 62. Lassels, Mr. (goldsmith), 8i. Latimer, Edward, l6 ; Thomas, Viscount, 62. Lechmere, Lord, 62. Lee, Capt. Hon. Fitzroy, 62 ; Hon. Francis, ib. Leech, Dorothy, 8. Leeds, 1st Duke of, 45, 62 ; 2nd ditto, 63. Leigh, x\lice, 3, 137, 140, 141 ; Anne, 3, 137; Edward, 4, 137, 138 ; Elizabeth, 3, 137 ; Gerard (Garret), 3, 4, 6, 137, 139 ; Henry, 2, 3, 6, 17, 134, 136, 137 ; epitaph of, 3; Margaret, 3, 137; Susan, 137; Thomas, i. Lempster, 2nd Lord, 62. Levett, Sir R. , 82. Lichfield, 2nd Earl of, 38, 63. Lightfoot, Elizabeth, 22. Lincoln, 5th Earl of, 63 ; 7th Earl of, ih. Lindsey, Marquess of, 63 ; Marchioness of, ib. Lister, John, 33. Littlehales, Frederick, 34. Looker, John, 8. Lost Property, Early advertisements for, 11 J, 117. Lovelace, Robert, 31, 32, 72. M " Man in the Moone," Fleet Street, 7, 17, 144. Manchester, 4th Duke of, 63. Mandeville, George, Viscount, " Marigold and Sunne," 17, 19. Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, 43, 57 ; ist Duke of, 57 ; 2nd Duke of, 63. Marryott, John, 23. Mart, William, 80. " Marygold," Fleet Street, site of the, I, 3, 4, 136, 139. 142, 144; sign of the, 10; advertisements referring to the, 115; an ordinary, teni.p James I., 17 > a tavern in 1625, 7, 9. Mawson, John, & Co., 48. Waynard, Bannister, Viscount, 63 ; Joseph, 39. Mead, Mr. (goldsmith), 38. Meres, Sir Thomas, 63. Merewether, Francis, 84. Methuen, John, 84 ; Paul, 63, 84. Middleton, William, 10. Mildmaie, Thomas, 2. Millford, Susan, 23«. Mompesson, Edward, 82. Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 63. Montgomery, William, Lord, 63. Morley, 14th Lord, 63. Morse, Henry, 30, 38; John, 30, 31, 71. Morson, Richard, 31. Mortimer, Alfred, 34. Mulgrave, 3rd Earl of, 63 ; Ursula, Countess of, ib. Munday's Coffee House, 125. Myddelton, Hugh, 63. Mytton, John, 63. N. " Naked Boy," Fleet Street, 48. Needham, Henry, 37, 71. Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of, 63. Nicholas, Robert, 28. NichoUs, John, 4, 5. Nixon, Robert, 4. Norfolk, Mary, Duchess of, 64. North, Charles, 5th Lord, 64; Hon. Dudley, ib., Sir Francis, 40, 64 ; Hon. Roger, 64. Northampton, 7th Earl of, 64. O. Gates, Titus, 64. " Oestfreise," Prince of, 70. Onley, John, 2, 131, 132, 134, 136. Orrery, Earl of, see Cork, Earl of. Osborne, John, 4, 5, 6. Osterley Park, 89, gi ; history of, 99. Oxensterne, Count, 70. Oxford, 1st Earl of, 64 ; Countess of, ib. ; 2nd Earl of, 19, 64. Pagett, 8th Lord, 64. Pemberton, Sir Francis, 64. Pembroke, 8th Earl of, 42. Perry, Anne, 8. Peterborough, 3rd Earl of, 64. Phillippes, Augustine, 14. Pinkney, William, 26. Plymtree, Devon, 12. Polworth, Lord, 64. Portland, Margaret, Duchess of, 65. Potter, Robert Hughes, 34. Powis, ist Earl of, 65 ; 2nd ditto, ib, Praed, William Mackworth, 65. Price, Mr., 26 ; Frederick George Hilton, 34, 53 ; Frederick William, 34. Prince, Col., 2i,n; James, 24. 202 INDEX. Prujean, Dame Mary, 40. Pulleine, Thomas, 76 ; his horse Grey PuUein, il/. Pynson, Richard, 9, 125. R. "Rainbow" Coffee House, 72, 113. Rawson, William, 23. Redman, Robert, g. Rivers, 3rd Earl, 65 ; 4th ditto, ib. Rochester, Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of, 42, 65 ; 2nd Earl of, 65 ; Jane, Countess of, ib. ; Wilmot, Earl of, 28. Robinson, Edward, 34. Rogers, George, 26; Henry, 30, 37, 71 ; John, 19, 27, 36, 149 ; Rev. Robert, 37. " Rose," The, a Hospital in Fleet Street, 4, 139. " Rose Garland," Fleet Street, 9. Rotherhithe (Redriffe), Surrey, 12. Rub?ns's Apotheosis of William I. of Orange, 82, lot. Rundell, John, 22)2. Rupert, Prince, Lottery of jewels of, 116. Russell, Rachel, Lady, 65. Rutland, John, Earl of, 36, 65. Ryder, Edward, 65 ; Sir Martin, 65. S. St. Albans, Repairs to Abbey Church of, 1681, 117. St. Dunstan's in the West, 2, 4 ; parish mace of, 40. St. John's College, Oxford, 8. Sanford, John, 66. Sawyer, Sir Robert, 42. Saye and Sele, 6th Lord, 66. School Bills, Eton, 1685 and 1702, 87, 88. Scudamore, 3rd Viscount, 66. Seaforth, 4th Earl of, 43, 66. Sebright, Sir Thomas, 66. Selwyn, George, 74, 94. Shaen, Sir Arthur, 66. Shelburne, 1st Earl of, 66. Shepherd, George Hutchinson, 35 ; William, 33 ; William, jun. , 34. Sheppard, William, 82. Sherlock, Bishop. 73. Sidney, Lord, Viscount Sheppey, 42. Smith, Harry, 32, 33 ; Richard, 82 ; Thomas, Bp. of Carlisle, 54 ; William Henry, 33, 34. Smith Payne, Messrs., 31. Somerset, Sarah, Duchess of, 66. Stamford, 4th Earl of, 66. Stanhope, James, Isl Earl, 66 ; Philip, Lord, ;'/;. Stanwell, Middlesex, 7, 8. " Star and Garter," Pall Mall, 118. " Star " newspaper, printed at Temple Bar, 126. Starkey, John, 80. Stawel, 4th Lord, 66. Stepney, Sir Thomas, 66. Stewkeley, Augustine, 13. Strafford, Earl of, 66. "Sugar Loaf and Green Lattice," Fleet Street, 9, 16, 25, no; rebuilding of, 1707, 114; Pepys at, in. " Sun," Fleet Street, 9. Sussex, 1st Earl of, 66. Switzerland, presents to Embassy from, 70. T. Tavistock, Francis, Marquess of, 66. Taylor, Major, 26. Templars, Stowe's account of, 124. Temple, Sir Richard, 66. Temple destroyed, 1381, 125. Temple Bar, History of, 120; rebuilding of, 1672, 121 ; removal of, 1878, ib. ; discoveries at, 122, 123; re- erection of, at Cheshunt, 127. Torrington, 1st Earl of, 67. Tottell, Richard, 3. Townshend, Lord, 73 ; Hon. George, ib, ; Hon. Roger, ib. Trelawny, Sir Harry, 67. Trentham, Lord, 66. Trevor, 1st Lord, 67 ; Lady, ib. ; 2nd Lord, ib. • 3rd ditto, ib. Tudman, Mr. (goldsmith), 85. Tufton, 7th Earl of Thanet, 67. Tye, Edward, of CoUumpton, Devon, 13. Tyrconnel, ist Viscount, 67. Tyrconnell, Frances, Duchess of, 68. Valence, Aymer de, 124, 125. Villiers, Hon. F. W. C, 34 ; George, Viscount, 68, 96. Vyner, Sir Robert, 49 ; Robert, 68; Sir T., 49. W. Wadlowe, John, 106 ; Simon, ic6, 107 ; his epitaph, 108. Walpole, Horace, 68, 102. Ward and Mundee (booksellers, 1578), 125. Waylande, John, 9. Waynwright, John, 5, 6, 17, 141-145. Wenman, 6th Viscount, 68. Westmorland, Countess of, 32. Westmorland, Lord, 92 ; elopement of, with Miss Child, 93 ; marriage of, at Apeworth, 95. Weymouth, 1st Viscount, 68. Wharton, Thomas, ist Earl and Marquess of, 68. Wheeler, Edward, 22«, 23« ; Elizabeth, 24, 27, 79 ; George, 23 ; Henry, ib. ; John, 22 ; Richard, ib. ; Thomas, 23; William, 23, 24, 79, 154. Whelan, William, 33. Whichcot, Sir Paul, 68. Whitefriars, i. Whitton Dean, Isleworth, 9, 15, 107. William IH., King, and Queen Mary, account for jewels of, 161. Williams, Thomas, 48. Wiltshire, Charles, Earl of, 68. Wood, James, 33 ; William, ib. Woodbeare Court, Plymtree, Devon, 12, 13; owners of, 13. Woodbere (Woodbury), family of, 13. Worcester, 3rd Marquess ot, 69 ; Rebecca, Marchioness of, ib. Worde, Wynkyn de, 9. Wormald, John, 31, 32 ; John, jun., 32, 33 ; John (3rd) 33. 34. 35- Wyndham, Francis, 39, Yarmouth, 2nd Earl of, 69. ^^i /i- ^/// A